:'«■■ :■:■■.; .• 13* S73 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF The Estate of Chas H. Hull Cornell University Library BX9875 .S73 v 1 History of the church of the United Bret Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://archive.org/details/cu31924029481193 mmWoW.^.i^ V VrvVm . HISTORY OF THE CHURCH HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, BY HENRY G. SPAYTH. Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life; he that cometh to me, shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me, shall never thirst.— St. John vi t xxxv. FIRST EDITION. (Citrlraillt, <8>]jnr: PUBLISHED AT THE CONFERENCE OFFICE OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 1851 TO Cr THE CHURCH OF Itnito aSttifcrm in dtftrtet, THIS WORK By the Author. IITEODUCTION. That was a solemn caution introduced by Paul in his letter to the Hebrews, chap. 8th, verse 5th: "See," saith he, " that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount." The light of history, in the past, and observation, in the present, will reveal to an impartial observer, how far the divine injunction, in the letter and in the spirit, has been complied with, in the Churches. In view of this, the author claims no pre-eminence for the Church, the rise and progress of which he has used his best efforts to sketch in the following pages. In the narration of facts and incidents he has consul- ted brevity, rather than extension. The Biographical Sketches will be found much condensed, without doing- violence, to revered memory and the tribute of respect due to moral excellence, and the unblemished lives of the brethren presented in this work. We do not pretend that all are noticed, by whose instrumentality, ministerial abilities, and usefulness, the Church was raised. To notice all, and in connection with such notice, collect much other matter, which of necessity 4 INTR ODUCTION . we were obliged to pass over, would furnish sufficient material for a second volume. The author has not been forward in presenting the Church with this book. The General Conference held in Circleville, O., 1845, passed a resolution requesting him to write out a history of the rise and progress of the Church. But from certain causes, he did not set himself about the work, until the fall 1848. The General Conference held in Germantown, Ohio, 1849, renewed the demand. And because of this demand, and the urgent solicitations of many personal friends, your humble servant proceeded with the same ; and now by the aid of a kind Providence, has been enabled to accomplish the desired task, well satisfied that the public, — friends, and the Church, will be disposed to overlook the defects of execution. H. G. S. Tiffin O. Jan. 14th, 1850. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Civil History — Sacred History — Scriptures — Sources of truth — Formal state of the Church — Declension of the Church — God's reproof — Causes which induced our fathers to settle this country — Their views were narrow — Religious liberty restricted — Reformation yet necessary, 9 CHAPTER II. Eighteenth century preparatory of events to be unfolded in. the nineteenth — The gospel in the hands of a living ministry — Biographic Sketch of Wm. Otterbein — his parentage- — early life — education — ordination to the ministry — earnestness of his preaching — removal to America — settlement in Lancas- ter, &c, — Is fully blessed — The germ of the work to which he was called, appears — His labors — Evening meetings — Opposition, , 16 CHAPTER III. Martin Boehm — parents — connexion with the Mennonite Soci- ety — his call to the ministry, and conversion given in his own words — Removal of Mennonite families to Va. M. Boehm goes to Virginia. Converts of George Whitefield — A case to illustrate many — Encouragement received by Boehm in Va.- — Years of joy — The word lost — Boehm's labors enlarged — The breaking out of the war — Boehm and Otterbein brought together — Assembly of christians of all denominations at a great meeting. " We are United Brethren," . .. . 27 CHAPTER IV. William Otterbein in Baltimore organizing a Church — Church book of the Evangelical Reformed Church translated from the O CONTENTS. German — Faber — Wallauer — Call of Otterbein — Organi- zation, and articles of constitution and discipline — Comment on the articles — No German Reformed minister could officiate in the Church on Howard's Hill — Similarity between those articles, and the present discipline of the United Brethren Church — Points insisted on, ™ CHAPTER V. First Conference — Second Conference — George Adam Gueth- ing — character of his preaching — his childlike humility — persecutions — his house Otterbein's home when out of Balti- more — Christian Newcomer — his conversion — call to the ministry — acquaintance with Otterbein and Guething — his burning zeal, industry and extensive labors in the ministry, ... 59 CHAPTER VI. Biographical Sketch of John G. Pfrimmer — character of his preaching — his extensive labors — Sketch of John Neiding — birth — • baptism — chosen by lot to preach — seeks a clean heart — finds experimental salvation — effect of his preaching the doctrine of the New Birth — his virtues — popularity of his preaching — his death — Remarks on the Biographic Sketches, 70 CHAPTER VII. Spread of the brethren among the Germans in Pennsylvania, Vir- ginia and Maryland — They preceded the Methodist — The reason Asbury loved Otterbein and the Brethren — Union of spirit between the Methodist and Brethren — Conference of 1800 — Adoption of the name United Brethren in Christ — Elec- tion of Superintendents — Many large meetings held — Great manifestations of the power of God, 79 CHAPTER VIII. Conference of 1801 — Otterbein's Conference sermon — Confer- ence of 1802 — The holding of great meetings a new measure — Love-feasts in the rise of the Church — their tendency to unite all Christians — Some cases of experience given — Sacra- mental occasions, gg CONTENTS . / CHAPTER IX. Conference of 1803 — Meeting at Shopps — Removal west of the Allegheny mountains — The power of the spirit of God — The Brethren Church identified with a blessed work of grace — Conference of 1804 — Sacramental meeting at Antietum — Doctor Senseny of Virginia and family — Con. of 1805 — Election of Bishops, 96 CHAPTER X. Review of an account of Wra. Otterbein and Martin Boehm, which will be found in the Methodist Magazine, Vol. VI, p. 210 249 — Stating that it was furnished at the special request of Bishop Asbury some time before his death, by his friend F. Hollingsworth who transcribed the bishop's journal; and which will also be found in the history of the Methodist Episcopal Church, by Nathan Bangs, D. D., Vol II, p. 365 376, 106 CHAPTER XL Friendly correspondence with the Methodist Episcopal Church,. 113 CHAPTER XII. Bro. Peter Kemp — his death — John Hershey — character — death — Death of Martin Boehm — Conference of 1812 — Close of the life of G. A. Guething, 127 CHAPTER XIII. Remarks on the character of William Otterbein — he was no par- tisan — his purity — conversation — mode of living — kindness to the poor — closing scene of his life — his burial — Bishop Asbury's sermon in Otterbein's Church after his death — In- scription on his tombstone, 132 CHAPTER XIV. After the death of Otterbein, the Pa. Conference supplied the Ot- terbein Church — Attempt to effect a union between the United Brethren and the Evangelical Association, 142 CHAPTER XV. Discipline — various efforts to form and publish a printed disci- pline — First General Conference — The sky not entirely clear 8 CONTENTS. — clouds pass away — Confession of faith and rules of disci- pline adopted — Remarks on the confession of faith — Remarks on tbe section in reference to Bishops * — On Secret Societies — On Slavery, * l45 CHAPTER XVI. Why have the United Brethren remained in a great measure,, un- known to the English community — United Brethren labored first among the Germans — Success among the English— Gen- eral Conference of 1817 - — General Conference of 1821 — An act passed on Slavery — on ardent spirits — Election of Bishops — John Kline* and Abraham Draksel, - 157 CHAPTER XVII. General Conference of 1825 — Questions proposed to candidates for the ministry — Ordination of Bishops omitted — Salary of Bishops— Delegates appointed to attend certain Conferences of the M. E. Church — Salary of preachers — Persecution — John G. Prifmer — close of his life — Biographical Sketch of Abraham Mayer, . .. 164 CHAPTER XVIII. General Conference of 1829 — Presiding Elders to be elected for one year — Close of the life of Bishop .Newcomer — General Conference of f 1833 — Affirmation — The Telescope — Consti- tution, - ....... 176 CHAPTER XIX. Christian Grosh — Felix Light — Martin Crider — Christian and Abraham Heshey- — Christian Berger — Fourney — Ken- egy — Bortsfield — Crum — Lewis Cramer — J. C. McNamer A. Zeller — Jacob Baulus — D. Tryer — H. Kumler — Joseph Hoffman — Concluding Remarks — Confession of faith — Con- stitution, . ~. .......... ~ . ... 187 HISTOKY OF THE CHURCH Of THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. CHAPTER I. Civil History • — Sacred History — Scriptures — Sources of truth - — Formal state of the Church — Declension of the Church ■ — God's reproof — Causes which induced our fathers to settle this country — - Their views were narrow — Religious liberty restricted -*- Reform- ation yet necessary* Civii, History, which in the main treats of kingdoms, and empires founded, and again destroyed; of Sages, Statesmen, and Rulers, wise and unwise, virtuous and vicious ; some ruling with moderation and justice, others with a despotism and profligacy, which made the world groan with their oppression, and garments rolled in blood, — is, nevertheless, sought after, and read with interest and avidity. And why ? In it we behold clearly the great and important truth, that the Almighty Lord and Sovereign, in power, in justice, in wisdom, righteousness and goodness, governs this world. The pages of Sacred History furnish us with equal, if not with still more striking evidences of the divine 9 10 HISTORY OY THE CHURCH OF* majesty and power, and show in a much clearer light, the holiness of his attributes and character, the? purity of his moral law and government. Sacrea History, both ancient and modern, abounds with the sublimest truths, and the most indisputable evidences that God ever presided in, and over his Church and chosen people on earth. That he knoweth all her counsels and deliberations, — her sorrows and her trials, and the afflictions which she has suffered or endured. Her pages testify that his eye hath followed her through all her mutations, — that his great mercy and love have sustained and cheered her in her onward course. And does not the same history record and perpetuate many displays, and Interposi- tions of Divine Providence in behalf of the Church 7 which stand — and will forever stand as memorable relations of His Almighty goodness, love and power? Nor can a reflecting mind revert to them for a moment, andnot feel a,sense of reverence and sacred awe. Ta make a reflection : In ancient history, see Moses before Pharaoh, — Elias before Ahab. In modern, see Paul before Felix, — and still nearer, see Martin Luther before Charles the V. How visible, the invis- ible Divine Presence in each case. In this way we have presented unto us, as models- of virtue and piety, those great and good men, the Lord was pleased to select at different periods, and as chosen vessels, armed with all the armor of the gospel, and the power of the Holy Ghost, to go before in the glorious work of reformation. The investigation and dissemination of the scrip- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 11 tures of truth, are among the noblest and best em- ployments of men.* It is that labor, which yields a hundred fold; and to the great and incessant dissemi- nations of these truths, the Protestant Christian Churches in these United States are infinitely indebted for the exalted position which they have reached, during the last half century, and which they enjoy at this period of time. It may be observed, that truths may be gathered from many and various sources ; yet they are chiefly derived from, and found, 1st. In the volume of in- spiration; 2d. In the records of experience, and 3d. In the volume of nature. But to speak of the last, would be foreign to the present subject. The records of inspiration, and of experience are so intimately connected, that it is impossible to explain the one without the other. Between them there is a corres- ponding harmony ; for the author of the first, is the parent and ruler of the second. The moral laws of God's kingdom embodied in the blessed Word, are again experimentally written out in the hearts of the obedient. This first book — the Scriptura Sacra, (Holy Scrip- ture,) the Church may hold fast to, venerate and honor,, teach with solemnity and pomp, and maintain a close adherence to the external rituals which it imposes.. And yet, according to the doctrine of experience as taught in the same book, while the Church has a form of godliness, she may want the power, and the influ- ence of that word which enlightens and purifies the hearts and minds of the children of men. Hence, 12 HISTORY OF THE CHUKCH OF even in the absence of all other causes, such a Church must needs want a knowledge of her formal state, and if possible, be brought to see it, and to feel it, in order that she may repent — retrace her erring steps, and again be made alive unto God, by faith and good works unto salvation, in Jesus Christ. "The very term reformation is significant." Had the Church remained free from error, and the corrupt- ing influences of the worlcj. and worldly minded men, she would never have stood in need of reform. Men of weak minds, and of a still weaker faith, with a love of the forbidden things of this world, have always been easily led aside, by the insidious smiles of the deceitful and double minded ; and the fearful {cowardly) by the frowns, or menacing attitude of the direct enemies and opposers of God — the spread of right- eousness, holiness, and truth. Nor is this to be wondered at, when we consider the fallen state of man, and the reproof of Him whose Omniscient eye is equally upon all, and who has said, •" They err in their hearts" Errors in the heart, may produce errors in faith and practice. » The declension of the Church, and the reproof of the Spirit, is fully and awfully written out, and portrayed in the Apocalypse, and in language as pointed as it is humiliating on the side of the Church, or Churches. The first decline noted and complained *of,is, a want of love. Thou hast left thy first love. The second,false doctrine, which the spirit says, sedu- ced some to sin greviously. 3d. Blinded by ease and ;affluence, they became proud, and entertained a high THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 13 opinion of themselves, saying-, we need nothing, — need neither God nor the gracious influence of his Holy Spirit, any longer. Here the cup was full, and a Church is exhibited without God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit; yet she at the same time esteems herself complete, so much so, that she says — I am rich, and have need of nothing. And why nothing? Because she was rich. Query. — Rich in what? Perhaps rich in numbers ; rich in the costliness of .her temples ; rich in silver and gold ; and lastly, perhaps rich in power. Here we may learn, that a Church may have much to shine anddazzle in the eye of the world ; but what is she ? When weighed in the balance of the sanctuary, an unerring Judge pronounces her to be 1st. wretched; 2d, miserable ; 3d, poor; 4th, blind, and 5th, naked — Rev. 3-17. Here is the personification of a Church, abject, destitute and afflicting to the highest degree. The Shepherds and the flock alike exhorted and reproved. And yet who ? What Pastors ? What Church or people, have ever acknowledged it as descriptive of their moral state and religious condi- tion ? € Ah! memorable words, " I have somewhat against thee I" — " Remember therefore from whence thou art fallen, and repent !" 'Tis true, intolerance and oppression, civil and ecclesiastical, were the causes which drove our fore- fathers to this land, at a period when the passage across the mighty ocean, was both hazardous and long, and at a time when on reaching this continent,, they expected to be met by the red man, and the wild 14* HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF beast, and would of necessity have to forego many comforts, and endure many privations, dangers and toils. But these were sweetened by the hope of finding a home not overshadowed by the raven wing of a cruel Priesthood, nor the oppressive laws of bloody Princes; and where they might enjoy the wor- ship of God with the freedom of angels, and their posterity possess — - " A land of corn, and wine, and oil, Favored with God's peculiar smile, With every blessing blest." But notwithstanding the fact, that they had so recently fled from persecution and bondage, and as it were, been brought from darkness to light, it would appear they entertained no enlarged views of relig- ious freedom, and spiritual liberty; nor of an enlarged christian liberality towards each other, as various Churches. None sought to make advances in fellow- ship and brotherly love, beyond the precincts of their own. It is not meant here to show up the •christian Churches of that now distant period, in an unfavorable light ; but merely to afford the reader .some faint idea, how creeds, forms and customs, when held sacred and inviolate as they have been held and viewed, and watched with a jealous eye, -not only kept Churches far apart, but deprived them, both pastors and people, of the sweet enjoyments .and social delights, which a spirit of reciprocal friendship will produce, and which when cultivated and felt, gives a pleasing foretaste of that future .state of blessedness, reserved for the righteous, and THE -UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 15 which friendship and love is so essential to the prosperity and success of the cause of God and truth, and the conversion of the people. * What reformation will yet have to take place, in the christian Church in general, and in particular, until she is free — free from partiality — free from bigotry and sectarianism — free from the shackles of human creeds and traditions — free from the blighting influence of the dogmas and cold formalities of by- gone ages — free from being rent and torn asunder — u free to harmonize," to love and flow together, until it will be said again in verity and in truth, see how these christians love. And yet we shall soon introduce the reader to the dawn of a reformation embracing the ground work of the just named par- ticulars, and to scenes and exhibitions of divine grace, love and power, manifested in the conversion of men, — the joy and friendship of these converts, in social and divine worship, and in the common walks of life, to a degree which had not been witnessed for a long succession of years, and which again wrung the characteristic expression from a gazing world, see ! how these love ! * [This an important remark. The union of the people of God is ^essential to the success of truth, and the conversion of the world. The blessed Jesus in the awful night before his crucifixion, in that solemn and ever memorable prayer, — said: Neither pray I for these alone ; but for them also that shall believe on me through their word, that they all maybe one^ * * * That the world may believe that thou kast sent me.] J En. 16 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER II. Eighteenth century preparatory of events to be unfolded in the- nine- teenth — The gospel in the hands of a living ministry — Biographic Sketch of William Otterbein — his parentage — early life — educa- tion — ordination to the ministry — earnestness of his preaching — removal to America — settlement in Lancaster, &c, — Is fully blessed — The germ of the work to which he was called, appears — His labors — Evening meetings — Opposition. The eighteenth century was every way preparatory of events to be more fully unfolded in the nineteenth. These events have signally displayed the excellency of the moral government of God, in the exhibitions of divine grace, and the great and glorious results of that grace in its blessed effects upon the hearts and minds of men, quickening their faith, making alive their experience, giving consistency to their practice, and causing the gospel to be preached, as it were afresh by the " chosen vessels of the Lord." And they have tended to dispel and roll away moral darkness — that thick and gross darkness, which had enshrouded churches, pastors and people too long. And through the men raised up and the means employed, the springs of heavenly grace were open- ed anew, and additional light was brought from the word, furnishing unerring guides to ignorant and benighted minds, leading them " to the light and wisdom of the just." Reforming thousands and thou- sands, and reclaiming from the vices, and prevailing THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 17 sinful practices, which had enchained too many. This exhibition of grace, was the means of convey- ing to all classes of men, a new stream of heavenly light, and raised up that host of living witnesses, who were ever ready on all suitable occasions, to testify that God had power on earth to forgive sins, and to shed his love abroad in the hearts of the children of men. The preaching of the gospel, in the hands of this living ministry, was attended with great power. Indeed no one could be an idle, or uninterested spectator, of that which was passing before him. Such a mingling of cries — of weeping — and of joy, caused a heart believing in God's converting power, to bear witness, and to join in the Apocalyptic exclamation : — " And I heard as it were, the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, saying Alleluia, the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth." To this important work, the great Head of the Church, was pleased to call with others, the Rev. William Otterbein, and Martin Boehm, the first an ordained minister in the German Reformed Church ; the second a preacher in full standing in the Mennoite Society. William Otterbein was born in Nassau, Dillenburg, in Germany, March 6th, A. D. 1726. His parents were eminently pious. Love to God — reverence and obedience to his holy law and precepts, were char- acteristics of the Otterbein family, as also the holy office of the ministry. A brother older than William, was a minister, and the author of a book on experi- 18 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF mental and practical religion. To his parental train- ing, and to the breathing of a heavenly atmosphere from a child up, it is but just to trace the early piety of Mr. Otterbein, and which we are authorized to say, never left him ; but like a stream, grew deeper and wider as life advanced. The divine impress— "holiness to the Lord," was so strongly marked on the man, as to inspire the beholder with that respect, which true greatness, and a heart full of benevolence commands, as a tribute of praise — not, it is true, to the individual who is but man, — but to Him who is thus pleased to set his seal on the brow of a faithful and beloved servant. It was said of a certain crowned head, that the King was visible in him, even in a beggars dress — even so the preacher, the man of God, was visible in him of whom we speak. He was one of those whose very lineaments appear to be illuminated, as from a light within; and whose presence bespeaks the anointed of the Lord. Devoted to the Lord, as a son, his parents, in order that on their part nothing might be wanting, afforded him a classical education, embracing accor- ding to the rigid rules of the German divines; Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Philosophy and Divinity. These being accomplished to the satisfaction of his Seniors in Theology, and in the Church, he was admitted to holy orders, and solemnly ordained and set apart to the work of the ministry, in the Church in which he had been brought up. This brings us to the threshhold of a mostimpor- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 19 tant period of his life; and we find Mr. Otterbein making his first essay in preaching and discharging the duties of the pastoral office, in his native town. It was soon seen, that no ordinary measure of grace was committed unto him. The zeal, the devotion, the earnestness, with which he met these new dirties, surprised his friends, and astonished the hearers. In reproof he spared neither rank nor class. His zeal, his devotion, his earnestness, and with all his free- dom in preaching the word, was not without effect. It gave room to censure and applause. While some approved and encouraged the young preacher, others would say — ■ " No ! — such a sermon, such burning words, and from so young a minister ! To be reproved, admonished, and exhorted by him, ! ! and in such a way ! What does he mean by faith? justification by faith? Does he mean that we are no christians? Oh ! ! !" His friends advised him to speak more cautiously, more calmly ; to moderate his voice, his fervency, until he had become more exercised in the pulpit ; with intimations that they nevertheless loved him and his manner of preaching. This was especially true of his pious mother. Op- position and clamor, however, had but a tendency to add force to his arguments, in directing his hearers from a cold formality, to the life and power of our holy religion. To witness the good impressions this made on some, was encouraging. But with it came also fiery trials, and heavy exercises of mind. The high in power, and from whose decision there was no earthly appeal, united their authority, with those 20 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1752 who felt themselves too sharply reproved, and dropped some hints concerning the danger of incurring their displeasure, recommending at the same time a more reserved mode of preaching. To these Mr. Otter- bein paid no attention at the time; the rather he waxed stronger in spirit and love of preaching Christ. Under preaching, some wept, in silence, till he himself could not suppress a tear. * This in- creased the opposition, and the authority was pri- vately solicited to arrest his preaching for a season; "Ah!" said his beloved mother, " I expected this, and give you joy. This place is too narrow for you my son; they will not receive you here; you will find your work elsewhere." She was often heard to say, " My William will have to be a missionary, he is so frank, so open, so natural, so prophet like." " But misssionary where ? To what land, what people, mother, shall I go?" Oh ! she would reply, "Be patient, preach us another sermon, — will wait the Lord's time." And it came sooner than they could have wished. Be it remembered that at that period, the Churches, i. e. Lutheran and German Reformed, in this country, were nearly, if not altogether dependent, for a supply of preachers, on the parent country. One day his elder brother received a pressing solicitation for help, from a friend in this country, (Pennsylvania,) stating the destitution of ministers here ; and that the * The Gorman divines, as a school, had ere that time acquired hard- ness of heart sufficient to enable them not to drop a tear officially. To them the gospel of Jesus Christ is a tearless theme to this day. " Jesus wept" that man might weep. 1752 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 21 people were in many places, as sheep without a shepherd; and if possible to send them spiritual help, (Geistliche Huilfe.) This was enough. But to part from that mother, or rather that mother to part with her beloved son, was after all rather too much for her maternal heart. She hastened to her closet, and after being relieved by tears and prayer, she came from her chamber strengthened, and taking her William by the hand, and pressing that hand to her bosom, she said, " Go, the Lord bless thee, and keep thee — the Lord cause his face to shine upon thee, and with much grace direct thy steps. On earth I may not see thy face again, after we part, — but go." In the year 1752, William Otterbein's ministry commenced in the Borough (now City,) of Lancaster, State of Pennsylvania. For the sake of order, we will take some brief notice of the first years of his ministerial labors in the German Reformed Church, and location of the several congregations over which he assumed the pastoral care. 1st, Lancaster; 2d, Tulpahocking, Berks Co., Pa. 3d, Fredericktown, Maryland; 4th, Little York; and 5th, in the city of Baltimore ; where we find him in the year 1774, organizing a separate and indepen- dent Church. This work was interrupted by the war, whieh broke out about the same time ; but was again resumed, and consummated by adopting a con- stitution, and disciplinary form, for their Church government in the year 1785, as will be shown here- after. 22 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF Of Mr. Otterbein's time in Lancaster, little is now known, except from testimony collected by the writer many years since, from then yet living witnesses, in Lancaster and vicinity. Those witnesses in Lan- caster county, several of whom were the fruits, if not the very first fruits of his gospel labors, gave evidence to the distinguished zeal and devotion which he manifested in his Master's work in that place. One of whom it is not improper to introduce in this place, viz; Rev. Frederick Schaeffer, who subsequently /became a useful preacher, and who for many years, and to the close of his life, at advanced age, stood firm as a preacher in the Brethren Church. One circumstance of Otterbein's life in Lancaster, merits a special notice here. It may well be con- ceived, and from what we have said of his early piety, and his manner of preaching, that if not already fully blest with the pardoning love of God when he came to this country, the time could not be distant, when the Lord would add to his seal the baptismal gift of the Holy Ghost. And this was no lioubt, for an all- wise purpose, destined to take place where it did, in Lancaster, not long after he came to that place. How strange, yet true: From this important circumstance in his life, may be dated, a dissenting from him, of some of his ministerial and other breth- ren in the Church, gradually taking place. And this dissenting increased and widened as time ad- vanced, and as he contended earnestly, not so much for the formularies of the Church, as for the faith THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 23 the living justifying faith once delivered to the saints. (Lebendigen, rechtfertigenden Glauben, der einmcd den Heiligen vorgegeben ist.) From Lancaster we find him next in Tulpahock- ing, Berks county, Pa., where his field of labor was much enlarged; "and here it is, where more effec- "tually and deeply the out lines and germs, became " apparent, and took root through his instrumentality, " and which, though he knew it not, would in time, " separate him from a Church which he venerated " and loved, and by the force of circumstances, "cause him with the assistance and co-operation of " Brethren converts, which the Lord gave him, to " gather living stones, which were in due time to be "built up into a Church, to the living God. Yes." " The living stones shall sing and rise, And reach a City in the skies, The new Jerusalem." Not content with preaching on the Sabbath only, he made it his duty between the Sabbath days, to visit the families who attended his preaching, con- verse with them on religion, advise, admonish, reprove or encourage and cheer, as circumstances would demand; and then to sing and pray before leaving the house. Next to this, he would hold meeting on evenings in the week. On these occa- sions, his custom was to read a portion of Scripture — make some practical remarks on the same, and exhort all present, to give place to serious reflections. He would then sing a sacred hymn, and invite all by kneeling, to accompany him in prayer. At first, 24 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF and for some time, but few, if any, would kneel, and he was left to pray alone. This item in the history, although small, affords a glimpse of the low state of religion, and the moral darkness, united with ignorance, he had to contend with. After prayer, he would endeavor to gain access to their hearts, by addressing them individually, with words of tender- ness and love. As might be expected, the seed thus sown and watered, God would sooner or later own and bless, and cause it to spring up and bear fruit. But as the effects began to appear by some man- ifesting a serious concern for the salvation of their souls, by weeping and mourning on account of their lost estate, these special and new meetings began to be called in question. Some approved of them, — oth- ers shunned them. "What," said they! "The preach- er, and men and women, kneel and pray, and weep, and call upon God and Jesus, to have mercy on them ! Who ever heard of such a thing ?" And yet it was heard and seen now in a small way, and by a small beginning. Thank God it teas begun. It brought blessings from heaven, and reproaches from men, including some preachers and pastors. That these meetings, if they ever had a place in the primitive Churches, which no christian will be willing to doubt or deny, had been lost to the christian Church, for many long years, is true. And now they were about to be revived, and like a long lost treasure, restored again, creating no small joy and comfort to the true believer in Jesus Christ. How could the Protestant Churches and Societies THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 25 have forgotten the Scriptures on prayer? Yet it appears they had forgotten them, or neglected them sadly. We said pastors, preachers, and people, did not relish these social meetings for prayer : they viewed them as an innovation, and a custom not known to the Churches. In answer to these objec- tions, Scripture authority was introduced, some of which we will notice. " O come let us worship and bow down — letus kneel before the Lord our Maker." (Psalms 95: 6.) " Even them will! bring to my holy mountain, and make them joyful in my house of prayer; for mine house shall be called a house of prayer for all people." — (Isaiah. 56: 7.) "That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow ;" " For this cause I bow my knee unto the Father." " I will therefore, that men pray everywhere." — (Paul.) " Where two or three are gathered together in my name." — (Jesus:) "Which are the prayers of the saints." — (Rev. 5: 8. 8: 3.) Nevertheless this kneel- ing, this praying, met with much and decided opposition, and from none more decided than those who from their office and calling, should have given it their undivided support. Reflection. Social and vocal prayer in the Churches, and Societies of christians, ■ — praying with the spirit of meekness and pure love, will produce one of the strong cords of the bond of union, and communion of the saints on earth. It is one of the connecting links between the creature and Creator, the receiver and the Benefactor, the Saviour and sav- ed. It is the solaceof a troubled spirit, for it dispels the 3 26 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF clouds that hang over us so frequently. By prayer the mind anticipates its future destiny in peace. It stimulates to a life of virtue and piety, and to the performance of acts of kindness to our fellow men. Social as well as private prayer, affords some of the sweetest and best supports, amidst the trials and sorrows of life. In losses, in bereavements, deep, dark, and desolate; wealth gone, friends gone, health gone, comforts fled, — prayer, sustained by hope,tar- ries with us, and affords substantial comfort. " 'Tis the christian's vital breath, The christian's native air ; His watchword at the gate of death, He enters Heaven by prayer." These meetings, with the sanction of scripture and the practice of primitive Christianity, afforded important advantages to the rise and progress of this reformation among the people. This truth is most strongly attested by witnesses on earth, and saints in heaven ; and it remains yet to be proven, whether the reformation of the world can be prose- cuted with any degree of success, or a Church how- ever well established, maintain her vitality, continue a light to the world, and be instrumental in the conversion of sinners, in the absence of these meet- ings as secondary means of grace. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. -'27 CHAPTER III. Martin Boehm — parents — connexion with the Mennonite Society- — his call to the ministry, and conversion given in* his own words — Removal of Mennonite families to Va. M. Eoehm goes to Virginia, Converts of George Whitefield — A case to illustrate many — En- couragement received by Boehm in Va. — Years of joy — The word lo$t — Boehm'e labors enlarged — The breaking oat of the war — - Beehm and Otterbein brought together — Assembly of christians of all denominations at a great meeting. fi ~We are United Brethren." Before we proceed to notice more fully the provi- dential circumstances under which the Church of the United Brethren in Christ was eventually formed, It is important to give some particulars of the life and labors of Brother Martin Boehm, as having been one of the chief instruments in carrying for- ward the purpose of God, in purifying his Church, and awakening sinners. Martin Boehm was born in Lancaster county Pa., A. D. 1725, of religions parents; they being members of the Mennonite society. His parents were pious sand strict observers of the rules of the society to which they belonged. Martin was -accordingly rais- ed and brought up under the same religious influ- ence ; and in due time, by baptism and partaking •of the Lord's supper, was made m, member of the Mennonite Church. Fully contented with his brethren, and religious profession, he lived blameless; tteat is, without inning knowingly according to the light he then had ; until 28 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 175$ in the thirty-second year of his age, a preacher waff to be chosen in the immediate society of which he was a member, according to the custom of the Mennonites, that is, by lot. The writer will now give M. Boehm's own relation 3 and as nearly in his own words, as the idiom of language will allow in translating: He went on to say that when nominated, he had neither desire nor wish, that the lot might take him. That he earn- estly besought his brethren to nominate some other one, better than himself. This however, was not done, and the moment came when each nominee was to step forth, and take a book. " I stepped out with trembling, saying inwardly, Lord not me. I am too poor." The books were opened and the lot or token was his. Believing as he did, that this lot falls by divine appointment, he did not feel himself at liberty to dissent or refuse r but felt constrained to take upon himself the office of the ministry, as best he could. — (Acts 1: 26. " According to our usage, it was not expected from me to preach immediately thereafter, because our elder preacher was still able to preach ; but it was my duty to assist him in preaching and exhortation as God would give me ability. I had been reading the Scriptures much, but now read them still more, and with care, in order to impress their reading on my memory, so that I might have something where- with to preach or exhort. Sunday came, the elder brother preached, and in attempting to .follow him by a word of exhortation, I failed, although for some THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 29 tfcwo years past, I had been giving testimony at the (close of the sermons, and frequently concluded the meeting. I continued reading. The next Sabbath 1 was requested to take part, and rose up, but could say little or nothing. I had charged my mind and memory, with some Scripture passages, but when wanted, could not bring them to my recollection. I prayed to the Lord to assist me in retaining his word,, and strengthen me in my great weakness, that to^ some extent at least, I might answer ' his call.' " Some months passed in this way, but it came not.. This state began deeply to distress me. To be a preacher, and yet have nothing to preach, nor to «ay , but stammer out a few words, and then be obliged to take my seat in shame and remorse! I had faith in prayer, and prayed more fervently. While thus engaged in prayer earnestly for aid to preach, the thought rose up in my mind, or as though one spoke to me, saying, c You pray for grace to teach others the way of salvation, and you have not prayed for your own salvation.' This thought or word did not leave me. My salvation followed me wherever I went. I felt constrained to pray for myself, and while praying for myself, my mind became alarmed. I felt and saw myself a poor sinner. I was lost. My agony became great. I was ploughing in the field, and kneeled down at each end of the furrow, to pray. The word lost, lost, (verlohren,) went every round with me. Midway in the field I could go no further, but sank behind the plough, crying, Lord &ave, I am lost ! — and again the thought or voice 30* HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 175$ said, ' I am come to seek and to save that which is Lost.' In a moment a stream of joy was poured, over me. I praised the Lord, and left the field, and told my companion what joy I felt. " As before this, I wished the Sabbath far off, now I wished it was to-morrow. Sunday earner the elder brother preached, I rose to tell my experience t , since my call to the ministry. When speaking of my lost estate, and agony of mind, some began to weep in the congregations. This gave me en- couragement to speak of our fall and lost condition,, and of repentance. The SabbathibIiowing.it was the same, and much more. Before I was done, I found myself in the midst of the congregation, where some were weepingr aloud L " This caused considerable commotion in? our Church, as well as among the people generally. It was all new; none of us had heard or seen it before. ALnew creation appeared to rise up before me, and around me. Now Scripture, before mysterious, and like a dead letter to me, was plain of interpretation,. ' was all spirit, all life,' ((dies geistund leben.) " Like a dream, olcEthdngs had passed away, and it seemed as if I had awoke to n%w life, new thoughts, new faith, new love. I rejoiced and praised God with my whole heart. This joy, this faith, this love, I wished to communicate to those around me, but when speaking thereof, in public or in private, it made different impressions on different persons. Some gave a mourful look, some sighed and wept, and would say, ' Oh! Martin, are we indeed lost?/ 1761 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 31 " Yes, man (dermensch,) is lost ! Christ will never find us, till we know that we are lost. My wife was, the next lost sinner that felt the same joy, the same love. " It was a rich treat, to hear this father in Israel, tell of his call to the ministry; how he shrank from it when proposed, and how it resulted in his finding Jesus, the lost sinners' friend, and the joy he felt when the burden of sin was taken away. Of this he loved to speak in his old age, and would recur to it with an animation peculiar to himself. To see his eyes light up and his whole countenance assume for the time a youthful appearance, in contrast with his snowy locks, and rich white beard, was a sight, a pen dipt in liquid light could not describe : it had to be seen to be appreciated. " Now I am," he would say, " a servant and a child of God. When this took place, I knew of no one who had felt, and enjoy- ed the sweet influence of the love of God in the hearty but Nancy Keagy, my mother's sister. In our fam- ily connection and in her immediate neighborhood^, she was known as a very pious woman, and.she was pious." This is the Martin Boehm, chosen of God, to whom, second to William Otterbein,the rise of the United Brethren Church is justly due. M. Boehm's call to the ministry,, and his conver- sion soon after, took place in the year 1758. From the year 1750, to 1760, numerous Mennonite families removed from the State of Pennsylvania, to what was then called New "Virginia, and dispersed themselves through Frederick,, Shenandoah^ Rock- 32 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1761 ingham, and Augusta counties. Owing to their dispersed state, and the newness of the settlements, they were destitute of preaching generally, and par- ticularly of their own choice. Of this they had little but what was afforded by preachers visiting them from the State of Pennsylvania. In the year 1761, brother M. Boehm was called to Virginia, by some of his Mennonite brethren, who resided there. But previous to his being called to that place, some converts of the eminent George Whitefield had reached New Virginia, and commenced preach- ing a present salvation. With others, some mem- bers of the Mennonite families became seriously affected, through the preaching of these " new- lights " so called for the want of a name. Now here the Germans were in a dilemma, which in their opinion, and according to the light they had, required, the presence and advice of those in whom they had confidence, that is, their own preachers. Hence the call of Martin Boehm at this particular time. To illustrate, we will select a case which will answer in place of many, characteristic of the state and views of religion among the Germans at that period. The daughter of a brother Keller had become much affected, by hearing the " new lights" preach on one or two occasions. There in that house of Bro. K.'s you see a young person apparently in deep distress, although surrounded by kind parents, neighbors, and friends, who in their turn, endeavor 1761 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 33 by words and arguments, to cheer, chide, or laugh the mourner into a pleasant mood. "Well," said the kind father, for he was in his way of thinking a good man, and a good christian in the Mennonite sense of the word, "well my child, what ails you ? Are you sick ? Do you wish to have a physician? " No, dear father, no doctor, my heart is sick." " Say not so, your heart is not sick." " O my heart, my heart is sick. God is displeased with me. my father what shall I do. I am lost!" This agony of mind, distressed the good parents much ; but how the daughter should be sick at heart — why God should be displeased with their child, and why or how this dear daughter could be lost, was in no way clear to them. Yet evidently she was suffering not unlike a criminal about to be de- livered into the hands of justice, crying for mercy, often saying, " O is there no mercy for me ?" The best and the only reply she received was, " you are not lost. God loves you. Mercy — what do you mean by mercy ? You are not wicked — never was. You are a believer. Come now, no more crying. Why ? Wherefore do you weep ?" This was repeated to her so often, that she finally sat in silence, and the fountain of tears either be- came exhausted, or refused to come to her relief. No one came to pray with her, and direct her mind to the blessed Saviour. At this crisis Boehm arrived. After salutations had passed, and refreshments taken, Boehm in con- 34 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1761 versation with Keller, inquired how matters stood in religion. K. replied, " Most of us are doing well, but some new doctrine has of late been preached by men here about, which has caused some disturb- ance among us." " And what do those men preach ?" " What they preach is rather more than I can tell you, but it is different from what we have ever heard. Our daughter about two months since, was to their meeting, and has not been like herself since. " And for two months she has been to no preach- ing?" " No, we could notthink of letting her go, and have wished she had never heard those people. And as we have wrote to you, there are others of our people just like her, melancholy and dejected, and all we can get them to say is, we are lost, (verlokren,) we have no true religion ; and for this reason we have sent for you, believing that they would be advised by our own preachers, and dismiss their gloomy thoughts." " And where is that daughter of yours ?" " Why," answered the mother, " there you see she is, and has not spoken a word to any of us to-day." Boehm said, he now moved his chair by her side, and sought to draw from herself the state and exer- cises of her mind. She listened to him for some time in silence, breathing at intervals a deep sigh. Soon the fountain of her tears was opened again, and she began to weep aloud, saying is it possible, you a 1761 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 35' stranger, know what I have felt and suffered for weeks, and you behevethat I am a sinner, that I am. lost? " Yes, I know this my daughter, but I know Jesus- came to seek and to save that which is lost; and he is come to find you, and to save you to night yet.. Do you believe in Jesus?" " Yes I believe there is Jesus Christ ; but have I not offended him? Will he not come and judge the world and me ? Oh that he would but save me !" " Come," said Boehm, "we will kneel down and pray. They kneeled down. The agony of Miss K., was great. She " cried, Lord save or I perish !" " Yes," said B., "hold to that, he will save, and that speedily;" and so it was. She was blest, and all her sorrow was gone, — dissolved in joy. Seeing this, her mother cried out, " Martin, Martini what have you done ? why did you come ? what wilL become of us now?" "-Yes," replied her husband, " what will become of us? We too are lost !" That night was a night of mourning, and a night of joy for that house, for the morning light found them all rejoicing in the love of God ! This scene proved a great blessing, to Bro. Boehm. Before he left Virginia, many more were brought under the saving influence of thegospelof Jesus Christ. And thus the families speaking the German language in that valley, saw the dawn of that light, which since then, and to this day, 1850, has shone with a pecu- liar splendor upon- the people at large in that happy 36 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1761 region, from whence a cloud of witnesses has already passed into happier climes. The author himself was favored to spend a few happy years in that charming part of the great State of Virginia. A land rich in the productions of the earth, but more eminentlyrich in mueh that is great and good in the moral, social, and religious relations combined. From the Point of Rocks, to the Natural Bridge, has been formed a spanning arch-way, of spiritual heroes, and illustrious saints. This arch being one in continuation of many ; and the ever to be remembered camp-meetings held under that bril- liant arch, sending upward from thousand hearts and voices, the hymning praises of our great Re- deemer, and from whence as many more have dated their heavenly birth-right: and behold, and see, still they come ! ! To cast back a look to the place whence we started, to that home of a single mourn- er, who for about sixty days, was left to mourn her lost estate, ere she received the blessing ! What a contrast, the present with the past ! My reader can you span it? O!! Virginia, what hath not God wrought and done for thee! To return toBoehm in Virginia where we left him. How providential, how wisely arranged are all things which God arranges and plans. Had Boehm came sooner, he would not have found so many hearts pre- pared to hear and receive the word of life from him. Had his coming been delayed, the help might have come to some at least, too late. And as before remarked, this coming of his, at 1761 THE UNITED BRETHREN E* CHRIST. 37 this time, was of great importance to himself; it was learning a lesson of experience from the great Master, which he couldnotso soon nor so effectually have learned at home. Hence we can well fancy with what feelings, with what inspired thoughts and hopes he returned to his own. Timidity, and the fear of offending his elder brethren, he said, was much removed. He was confirmed in the truth and correctness of his own experience. He became sat- isfied that men everywhere must repent, and that this repentance must be accompanied by a godly sorrow, deeply felt; and that there can be no rest, no peace, no hope, and no faith, without it. He further remarked with much earnestness, that after his return, he felt " an impression, or a presentiment that God would visit his people, and give them re- pentance unto life-" He had news to tell his friends at home, of what he had witnessed in Virginia; that there too, he found and saw persons, some young, and some advanced in life, who felt themselves lost, some of whom had nearly despaired of obtaining grace and mercy, believing themselves the chief of sinners ; that many had been blest, and rejoiced in Jesus Christ their Saviour, before he left. He could tell them how affecting their parting was, — what sympathy, what brotherly love, what melting of hearts ! He never had witnessed such scenes in his life before, — the simple relation of which carried convicted to some at the time of his return home. This year as well as the two years following, were years of joy to Bro. Boehm, while preaching repen- "38 mSTORT -OF THE CHURCH OF 1764 tance in the spirit, and from experience. God was with him, and he did not preach without effect. The Spirit accompanied the word with power. Pungent convictions extorted the cry, lost, which were fol- lowed by happy conversions. Sabbath preaching was not sufficient now to sup- ply the wants of the many who were inquiring, — " What must we do ?" Hence meetings began to be held on week days, and some by candle-light- This was another step towards the great reformation; ■and here we remark as we pass, the similarity and like- ness of the manner in which Otterbein and Boehm were led on by the spirit, and providential circumstan- ces as they presented themselves ; and how each laid Tiold of those circumstances to promote the cause of God, and meet the wants of the people, who thirst- ed for salvation, and a deliverance from bondage, -and from sin \ The better to satisfy our own minds of the events of the past, it is not sufficient simply to trace them historically-, nor view them by the light and experi- ence which we now possess. In order to see them as they were, to know the prominent actors in these events, we must transfuse the shade and light, and the zeal of the minds of those men into our own. By doing this, we may realize their position, and thus while we read, be moved to make their thoughts, words, and actions, our own. If so, we can enter into the feelings and expressions, as they actually did occur, in relation to the past. Boehm himself, 2ind the persons wko through his instrumentality were 1764 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 39 blessed, had been brought to feel and know that they were without hope, and without God in the world. And as remarked before, and will be here- after, " This was something new." Not one of them, had heard it, nor seen it in their lives before, neither in their Church nor out of it. To the distressed, whose conviction, remorse, the sense of guilt and condemnation was neither transient nor light; those portions of Scripture which are threatening and condemnatory, seemed to rise up in array before them ; the recollections of the past embittered the present ; and the present cast a shade of dismay on the future with light enough to enable the mind to survey her dangerous position, " behind an abyss," " before the Judge !" Do we wonder then at the word lost ? An exclamation not much heard at present from the penitent. It was the word suitable to the sinner's case, and peculiarly suited to the time, to the benighted state, and to the sleep, the deep sleep, which the people without exception, slept. What more appropriate, more startling, than to hear a person in an agony of soul, and eyes suffu- sed with tears, cry lost ! lost ! ! The time which many had to mourn, deserves likewise to be no- ticed. As in the case of Miss Keller, if awakened by the preaching of the word, the opportunity to hear again, like angels visits, however good, were few and far between. Hence the want of a proper guide. Friends and neighbors, kind in themselves in these cases, frequently proved the tormentors of the distressed, for they having no religious experi- 40 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1764 ence, believed in none. Yet beyond a doubt, there was still another cause. The Dispenser of all our blessings, knows when, and how to give. The bless- ing lightly obtained, might not in all cases have been satisfactory to the recipients, and might have left room for the tempter to perplex the mind, as to whether indeed they had passed from death unto life. But in these cases, the work was so clear, that the inexperienced and unbelieving, were constrained to admit that it was the work of God. Here is a person well known in society, of a cheerful disposition, and a happy temper, as to re- ligion, holding it in light esteem: this person becomes alarmed, is serious, and dejected, hiding himself to pray, — lay the pleasures, riches and honors of the world at his feet, — he refuses, he loathes them all. This the people must see, must know; time must be afforded them, to make trial of their skill in healing the wounded spirit, and to sound the depth of that sorrow, that dejection, that refusing to be comforted by any gift of man. " Lord save, or I perish." Such an one now, full of joy praising God. Such is the testimony of prophecy, such are the witnesses of Jesus Christ. From this time brother Boehm pursued the tenor of his way, preaching the gospel, and enlarging his labors, as much as the circumstances with which he was surrounded, and his situation in life would per- mit. But the breaking out of the war in 1775, em- barrassed, and hindered the spread and progress of this well begun work. The public mind becoming THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 41 much agitated and absorbed in the events of the war, enhanced by the sufferings and privations which our soldiers and people had to endure, the long time this conflict, these sufferings lasted, the cruelty practised by the foreign foe, prostrated the energies of the people to a great extent. It was deemed best not to interrupt the Biography of Boehm, after it was commenced, up to this period. We find ourselves now at liberty to return to brother W. Otterbein. But first, we will bring Boehm and Otterbein together. A great meeting (grosze versammlung,) had been appointed to be held at Bro. Isaac Longs, Lancaster county, Pa- Here perhaps for the first time on a like occasion, an assembly of christians met together from far and near, — Lutherans, Ger- man Reformed, Mennonites, Dunkers and others, coming as with one accord, and with one mind. Many were thus for the first time, happily brought together. Bro. Boehm was a man of small stature, wearing his beard long, and was dressed in the true costume of a Mennonite. Wm. Otterbein was a large man, showing a prominent forehead, on which one might see the seal of the Lord impressed. Boehm preached the first sermon, at the close of which, and before he had time to take his seat, Otter- bein rose up, and folding Boehm in his arms, said with a loud voice, " We are brethren." At this sight some praised God aloud, but most of the congregation gave place to their feelings — weeping for joy. This meeting, and the peculiar circum- 42 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF stances attending it under the harmonizing influence of the divine spirit, which operated so wonderfully in uniting a people of so many pre-existing orders, in one common bond of brotherhood under the Great Head of the Church, free from party strife and feeling, gave rise to the name of " United Brethren in Christ" a name which the Church some time after, thought proper to adopt. * The great meetings, so called at the time, will be more fully noticed as we progress. *[ This event in the rise of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, has been noticed by the author in the Appendix written for the He Pasa Ekklesia, published by Clyde and Williams, Hamsburg, Pa., and subsequently republished by the Rev. John Winebrenner. In each a typographical error occurs in the name of the author. H. G- Spoyth, should read, H. G. Spaytk. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, 43 CHAPTER IV. William Otterbein in Baltimore organizing a Church — Church book of the Evangelical Reformed Church translated from the German — Faber, — Wallauer — Call of Otterbein — Organization, and articles of constitution and discipline — Comment on the articles — No German Reformed minister cquld officiate in the Church on Howard's Hill — Similarity between those articles, and the present discipline of the United Brethren Church — ■ Points insisted on. In the year 1774, as already noticed, we find Wm. Otterbein in the City of Baltimore, organizing a Church, separate and apart, in doctrine and discipli- nary rules from the German Reformed Church, as will appear from what follows : Translated^rom the original German manuscript. THE CHURCH BOOK OF THE EVANGELICAL REFORMED CHURCH. Howard's Hill, Baltimore. IN THE NAME OF THE TRIUNE GOD: AMEN. In the year 1771, there stood in the Reformed Church in Baltimore, a preacher by the name of Faber; but for as much as said Faber, not being in fellowship with the Reformed preachers in Pennsyl- vania, i. e. he was no member of the Coetu Penn- sylvanu, and likewise led an offensive life, a division took place in this Church. In the month of October of said year, met the said Reformed preacher in Reading, Pa., where deputies from both parties of this divided Church attended ; here it was resolved to 44 BISTOEY OS TBE CHURCH OF" dismiss said Faber, which was done. Both parties* agreed now unitedly to call a preacher from the: Coetus, and offer this call to Mr~ Bluhmer, but not accepted by hiiru The Coetus now resolved to send, to the Baltimore Church, a preacher fronx among the four, which at that time, according, to letters from Holland, were on their way, andnow daily expected. In the mean time, there came to Pennsylvania W. Wallauer, but whom the Synod of Holland had not sent. The opposite party, without saying a word to the other party, contrary to the agreement and the resolve of the Coetus, brought him away, and' re- ceived him as their preacher. But at the next Coetus, which was heH in the year 1772, deputies from both parties attended ; and the Coetus protes- ted against Wallauer, and the conduct of his party, and that they coukl take no further notice of them. Scarcely any hope being now left for a re-union,. the remaining members of this Church, found them- selves under the necessity to consider of another preacher, and to form a Church for themselves. This call was made to William Otterbein, who then stood in the Reformed Church in York; but he refu- sed because of the disorganized circumstances; but after repeated solicitations, was willing, provided the Coetus should give consent. At the next Coetus r deputies from both parties appeared again, and before a final action in the matter with Otterbein, a union took place, and William Hendel proposed as preacher, to which the deputies of both parties con- sented. But a few days after the return home of the £774 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 45 deputies, the opposite party rejected the proposition and all, to which their deputies had pledged them- selves. The division was now greater than at any former period, and the prospect of a re-union entire- ly vanished, and the members of this Church, who had before addressed Wm. Otterbein, saw the abso- lute necessity to form a Church for themselves, and give W. Otterbein a new call, which he finally accep- ted, and subsequently in the year 1775 by the Coetus held in Lebanon, confirmed. Article 14. After due consideration, the Coetus deems it prop- er, .(good,) that Domine Otterbein continue in his pastoral office; from report, it appears that his labors are blest, and the opposing party cease the strife. CONRAD BUCHER, Sec. Pro Tern. CHURCH BOOK- William Otterbein came to Baltimore, May 4th, 1774, and commenced his ministerial office. With- out delay, and by. the help of God, he began to organize a Church, and as far as it was possible for him, to bring it within the letter and the spirit of the gospel. Such disciplinary Church rules as were needful, were therefore from time to time adopted, made known, and the importance of keeping them earnestly enjoined. But the afflicting and long continued war, and the dispersion on account of the same of many of its members into the interior of the country, prevented 46 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1785* those rules from being written in a book for their preservation. But through, and by the goodness of God, peace and quietness being restored, and the gathering to- gether of former members, with a considerable addi- tion of new members, the Church finds herself at this time, considerably increased. Therefore it is unani- mously considered and ordained by the whole Church, to bring the Constitution and ordinances of this Church, into the following form, which we hold as agreeing with the word of God, and for their perma- nency and perpetual observance herewith record and preserve. By the undersigned preacher and members which now constitute this Church, it is hereby ordained and resolved, that this Church which has been brought together in Baltimore, by the ministration of our present preacher W. Otterbein, in future consist in a preacher, three elders, and three deacons, an almo- ner and church members, and these together shall pass under and by the name — The Evangelic Reform- ed Church. 2d. No one, whoever he may be, can be preacher or member of this Church, whose walk is unchristian and offensive, or who should live in some open sin* —(1 Tim. 3: 1-3. 1 Corinth. 5: 11-13.) 3d. Each Church member to attend faithfully the public worship on the Sabbath day, and at all other times. 4th. This Church shall yearly solemnly keep two days of humiliation, fasting and prayer, which shall 1785 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 47 be designated by the preacher, one in the spring, the other in the autumn of the year. 5th, The members of this Church, impressed with the necessity of a constant religious exercise, suffer- ing the word of God richly and daily to dwell among them — (Col. 3: 16. Heb. 3: 13. 10:24, 25,) each sex shall therefore meet apart once a week, for which the most suitable day, hour and place, shall be chosen, for the males as well as the females, for the first an hour in the evening, and for the last an hour in the day time, are considered the most suitable. In the absence of the preacher, an elder or deacon shall lead such meetings. (a.) The rules for these special meetings are these: No one can be received into this society, who is not resolved to flee the wrath to come, and by faith and repentance, to seek his salvationan Christ, and be resolved willingly to obey the disciplinary rules, which are now observed by this Church, for good order, and the advance in godliness, as well' as such as in future may be added by the preacher and Church vestry; yet always excepted that such rules are founded on the Word of God, which is the only unerring guide of faith and practice. (b.) These meetings to commence and end with singing and prayer, and that nothing be done, but what will tend to build up and advance godliness. (c.) That such who attend these special meetings but indifferently, sickness and absence from home excepted, after being twice or thrice admonished, 48 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1785 without manifest amendment exclude themselves from the Church, {versambung .) (d.) Every member of this Church should fer- vently engage in private worship; morning and evening to pray with his family; himself, and his household to be induced to attend divine worship at all times. (e.) Every member shall sedulously abstain from all back-biting and evil-speaking of any person, or persons, without exception, and specially not of his brethren in the Church. — (Rom. 15: 1-3. 2 Cor. 12: 20. 1 Peter 2: 1. Ja. 4: 11.) The transgressor shall in the first instance be admonished privately, but the second time he shall be openly rebuked in the class meeting. (/.) Every one to avoid all worldly and sinful company, and to the utmost shun all foolish talking and jesting. — (Ps. 15: 4. Eph. 5: 4-11.) This of- fence will meet with the severe Church censure. (g.) No one shall be permitted to buy or sell on the Sabbath, nor attend to worldly business, not to travel far or near, but each spend the day in quiet- ness and religious exercises. — (Isa. 58: 13, 14.) T[ That each member willingly attend to any of the private concerns of the Church, when required so to do by the preacher or vestry, and that each one strive to lead a quiet and godly life, lest he give offence, and fall into the condemnation of the adversary. — (Math. 5: 14-16. 1 Pet. 2: 12.) 6th. Any person expressing a desire to commune with us at the Lord's table, although they have not 1785 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 49 been members of our Church, shall be admitted by consent of the vestry, provided that nothing justly can be alledged against their walk in life, and more especially when it is known that they are seeking their salvation. After the preparation sermon, such persons may declare themselves openly before the assembly; also, that they are ready to submit to all wholesome discipline; and thus they are received into the Church. 7th. For as much as the difference of people and denominations, end in Christ. — (Rom. 10: 12. Col. 3: 11,) and availeth nothing in Him, but a new crea- ture — (Gal. 6: 13-16.) it becomes our duty accor- ding to the gospel, to commune with, and admit professors to the Lord's table, irrespective of what- ever order, or sort, of the christian Church. 8th. All such persons who may not attend our class-meetings, nor partake of the holy sacrament with us, but attend our public worship, shall be visi- ted by the preacher in health and in sickness, and on all suitable occasions, admonish them, baptize their children, attend to their funerals, impart instruction to their youths, and should they have any children, the Church shall interest herself for their religious education. 9th. The preacher shall make it one of his high- est duties, to watch over the rising youth, diligently instructing them in the principles of religion, accor- ding to the word of God. He should catechise them once a week, and the more matured in years, who have obtained a knowledge of the great truths 50 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1785 of the gospel, should be impressed with the impor- tance of striving through divine grace, to become worthy recipients of the holy sacrament. And in view of Church membership, such as manifest a desire to this end, should become fully instructed for a time, be examined in the presence of their parents and the vestry, and if approved, after the prepara- tion sermon, to be presented before the Church and be admitted. 10th. The Church to establish and maintain a German School, as soon as possible; the vestry to spare no effort, to procure the most competent teach- ers, and devise such means and rules as will promote the best interest of the school. 11th. That after the demise or removal of the preacher, the male members of the Church shall meet without delay in the Church edifice, and after singing and prayer, one or more shall be proposed by the Elders and Deacons, a majority of votes shall determine the choice; and a call be made accordingly; but should the preacher on whom the choice fell, decline the call, then as soon as possible, others shall be proposed, and a choice gone into, but here it is especially reserved, should it so happen; that before the demise or removal of the preacher, his place should already have been provided for by a majority of votes, than no new choice shall take place. 12th. No preacher shall stay among us, who is not in unison with our adopted rules, and order of things, and class - meetings, and who does not diligently observe them. 1785 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 51 13th. No preacher can stay among us-;, who teacheth the doctrine of predestination, {Gnaden- wahl,) or the impossibility of falling from grace, and who holdeth them as doctrinal points. 14th. No preacher can stay among us, who will not to the best of his ability, care for the various Churches in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, which Churches under the superintendence of Wm. Otterbein, stand in fraternal unity with us. 15th. No preacher can stay among us, who should refuse to sustain with; all diligence, such members who may have arisen from this or some other Churches, or who may yet arise as helpers in the work of the Lord, with preaching and exhorting,, and to afford unto them all possible encouragment so long as their life shall be according to the gospel. 16th. All the preceding items (punckte,) shall be presented to the preacher chosen, and his full consent thereto obtained, before he enters on his ministry. 17th. The preacher shall nominate the Elders from among the members who attend, the special meetings, and no others shall be proposed, and their duties shall be made known unto them- by him, be- fore the Church. 18th. The Elders so long as they live in accor- dance with the gospel, and shalLnot attempt to intro- duce any new act contrary to this constitution and ordinances, are not to be dismissed from their office, except on account of debility or other cause: should any one desire it, then in that case, or by reason of 52 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1785 death, the place shall be supplied by the preacher as already noticed. 19th. The three Deacons are to be chosen yearly on new years day, as follows: The vestry will propose six from among the mem- bers who partake with us of the holy sacrament. Every voter shall write the names of those three whom he desires for Deacon, on a piece of paper, and when the Church has met, these papers shall be collected, opened and read, and such as have a ma- jority of votes, will be made known to the Church and their duties made known unto them by the preacher, in presence of the Church. 20th. The Almoner shall be chosen at the same time and manner as the Deacons, who at the next election will present his account. 21st. The Preacher, Elders and Deacons, shall attend to all the affairs of the Church, compose the Church vestry, and shall be so considered. 22d. All deeds, leases and other rights concern- ing the property of this Church shall be conveyed in the best and safest manner to this Church vestry, and their successors, as Trustees of this Church. 23d. Should a Preacher, Elder or Deacon be ac- cused of any known immorality, and upon the testimony of two or three creditable witnesses, the same should be proven against him, he will be im- mediately suspended; anduntilhe gives sure proof of true repentance, and makes open confession, he remains excluded from this Church. The same rule shall be observed and carried out against members 1785 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 53 of the Church, who shall be found guilty of immoral conduct. — (1 Cor.5: 11-13. lTim.5:20, Tit.3:10.) 24th. All offences between members, shall be dealt with in strict conformity with the precepts of our Lord, — (Math. 18: 15-18.) No one is therefore permitted to name the offender, or the offence, except in the prescribed order of our Saviour. 25th. No member is allowed to cite his brother before the civil authority, for any cause. All differ- ences shall be laid before the vestry, or each party may choose a referee from among the members of the Church, to whom the adjustment of the matter shall be submitted. The decision of either the vestry or referees, shall be binding on each party; nevertheless should any one believe himself wrong- ed, he may ask a second hearing, which shall not be refused. This second hearing may be either before the same men, or some others of the Church ; but whosoever shall refuse to abide by this second verdict, or on any occasion speak of the matter of dispute, or accuse his opponent with the same, ex- cludes himself from the Church. 26th. The Elders and Deacons shall meet four times in the year viz: the last Sabbath in March ; the last Sabbath in June ; the last Sabbath in Sep- tember, and the last Sabbath in December, in the parsonage house, after the afternoon service, to take the affairs of the Church into consideration. 27th. This constitution and ordinances, shall be read every new years day before the congregation, in order to keep it in special remembrance, and that 54 "HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1785 it may be carefully observed, and no one plead igno- rance of the same. 28th. We, the subscribers, acknowledge the above written items and particulars, as the groundwork of our Church, and we ourselves as co-members by our signature, recognize and solemnly promise religious obedience to the same. WILLIAM OTTERBEIN, Preacher, LEHARD HERBACH,) HENRY WEITNER, } Elders. PETER HOFMAN. ) PHILLIP BIER, ) WILLIAM BAKER, } Deacons. ABRAHAM LORSH. ) Baltimore, January 1st, 1785. The foregoing record of the cause and subsequent rise of the Otterbein Church in Baltimore, portrays in sombre colors, the unhappy condition of a single Church, ending in the withdrawal of some of its members, and in their making choice for their preach- er, of a man in whom they could confide and trust. This record incontrovertibly proves, that the Church on Howard's Hill, organized under the auspices of Bro. William Otterbein, by the name of the Evan- gelical Reformed Church, (gemeinde,) was, and is in doctrine and disciplinary rules, different and distirtct from the so called German Reformed Church, and this, the history of that Church, will clearly prove. The reader will please to compare the foregoing constitution of the Otterbein Church, with a few THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 55 quotations from the He Pasa Ekklesia, History of the German Reformed Church, by Lewis Mayer, D. D,, which coming as it does from the best authority, and written as late as 1844, may be regarded as reliable. He Pasa Ekklesia, page 337, Rev. L. Mayer says: " The founder of this Ohurch, was Ulric Zwingle." Page 340, " After the death of Zwingle and Eco- lampadiusin 1531, none of their associates enjoyed so decided a superiority over his brethren, as to give him a commanding influence over the whole Church, and to secure to him the chief direction of her coun- cils. This honor was reserved for John Calvin." Page 342, " Zwingle taught the doctrine of abso- lute Predestination, as well as Calvin." — ibid. Page 343, u The doctrinal system of the German Reform- ed Church, is contained in the Heidelberg catechism." Page 344, " The catechism in its general character is Calvinistic." Page 345, " The Heidelberg cate- chism is the only symbolical book of the Church in the United States." Mr. Mayer goes on to state, on the same page and book from which we quote, as follows: " Subscription to the catechism by candidates for the ministry, is not required at their ordination: a verbal profession of the doctrine of the Church being deemed sufficient."* Now, the constitution of Otterbein's Church in Baltimore, expressly provides (item 13,) that a Note. — Query. Which is most binding on the conscience of man, Bubscribing with the pen, or professing with the lips, in the ordination vow 7 56 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF preacher holding the above as doctrinal points, can not stay among us. It is evident from the quota- tions made above, that the German Reformed Church is in doctrine Calvinistic. The conclusion therefore is irresistible, that no minister of the said G. R. Church, can ever officiate as pastor in the Otterbein Church in Baltimore, without directly violating the constitution upon which it was established. Items 14, and 15, expressly provide that no one can be a pastor of that Church, who does not sustain a ministerial relation to the various Churches in Penn- sylvania, Maryland and Virginia^ under the guidance of William Otterbein. And that he must diligently assist the preachers who had been raised up in those Churches, or who should in future rise up in them as preachers, &c. To meet these provisions, the preacher in Otterbein's Church in Baltimore, must of necessity stand in full connection with the preachers and churches of the United Brethren in Christ ; for thes-e are the only preachers and churches in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, in which "William Otterbein had a chief direction, and ordained Elders in and for the same. This constitution should be viewed as a discipli- nary rule for the Church at large, except so much as was peculiarly applicable to the Church in Baltimore. From the second paragraph to the sixth, including the letter g, we have presented to us in a concise and scriptural form, all that is most essential in constituting a Church, and the rules 51*785 THE UNITED BRETHREN TN OHRIST. 57 which should govern the same, individually and -collectively. As such they were acceptable to all &he Churches, from and after the first Conference neld in the City of Baltimore 1789, up to the time of the General Conference in 1815, when they ^entered with little variation, under their appropriate -sections, into our present discipline. We like the spirit which pervades that document throughout. Being written in the sententious style, it must be read with care. In the original, it is one of the most compact, and at the same time, one of the most comprehensive productions of the pen. Take it is a whole, and in view of the time and the prevailing prejudices, it bears the impress of a mas- ter mind, and does honor to the author. POINTS INSISTED ON, The purity of the ministry ; the piety of members ; the necessity of attending faithfully on the means of grace, in public and in private ; the propriety of' class and prayer meetings ; the sacredness of the Sabbath, and how to be spent ; the doctrine of the Church ; that preachers must harmonize and sustain each other in the work of the Lord, to the best of' their ability. These points enter essentially into the elementary rules of a christian Church, and upon the observance of them rests the usefulness and perpetuity of Churches. As to the age of the dis- cipline of the United Brethren Church in Christ, it is of little importance, whether it be of yesterday or a century past; but it is all important that it be of the 58 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 178^ right character, and in the letter and spirit of the scriptures. In whatever light our present discipline* may be viewed, and however favorably adjudged by an intelligent community, we find its original traced out by Wm, Otterbein, as early as 1785^ 1789 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 59 CHAPTER V. First Conference — Second Conference — George Adam'GueLhing — character of his preaching- — his childlike humility — persecutions — his house Otterbein's home when out of Baltimore- — Christian Newcomer — bis conversion — call to the ministry — acquaintance with Otterbein and Guething — his burning zeal, industry, and ex_ tensive labors' in the ministry. The first 'Conference was held in Baltimore an the year 1789. PREACHERS PRESENT. William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, Henry Weidner. George A. Guething, J Adam Lehman, Christian Newcomer,}] John Ernst, PREACHERS ABSENT. Benedict Swoap, Henry Baker, Simon Herre, Frederick Schaffer, I Christopher Grosh, Martin Kreider, ,1 Abraham Draksel. From some conscientious scruples, no record had been kept of the number of Churches nor members in general. The second C onference "was held in Paradise town- ship, York county, Perai., at the house of Brother Spangler, in the year 17al. PREACHERS PRESENT. William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, G. A. Guething, Christian Newcomer, Adam Lehman, John Ernst, J. G. Pfrimmer, John Neiding, Benjamin Sauder. Thus, giving an increase of three brethren in the ministry. We now proceed to take notice of the third name ■60 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1791 on the Conference list; George Adam Guething, who became connected with Otterbein and Boehm in the year 1772. His residence was on the Antie- tum, Washington county, Maryland. The talent and ministerial graces of these three brethren in chief, when brought together, cannot now foe well conceived; and it is beyond our ability to con- vey a just idea of them to the reader. Otterbein was argumentative, eloquent, and often terrible. In the elucidation of scripture, he was very clear, and full, few being his equal. Boehm was the plain, open and frank expounder of God's word ; being all animation, all life ; often irresistible, like a mighty current, carrying his hear- ers into deep water. But brother Guething was more like a spring sun rising on a frost silvered forest, gradually affording more heat, more light, till you could hear, as it were, the crackling in the forest, and the icy crust begin- ning to melt and fall away, and like a drizzling shower ending in a clear and joyous day: such was Guething. He was the St. John of this clover leaf; always soft and mellowing ; of good parts, having a well cultivated mind ; in conversation cheerful, inter- esting and pleasing, and every way a desirable com- panion. Brother Guething preached often, and traveled much. His bland manners, his affability and shining talents, secured for him universal res- pect and esteem, good congregations, and what was much more important, access to the hearts and con- sciences of those who came to hear him. He would 1791 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 61 follow the sinner in his devious paths; showing the severity of God's holy law in a manner which made stout hearts to quail and tremble, and then with feel- ings and language peculiar to himself, present to the stricken-hearted a loving Saviour, and in tones so beseechingly sweet, that the effect was invariably a congregation in tears. Here was the secret power which he possessed over an audience. All that ever heard him, saw it — felt it — he alone seemed to be unconscious of it ; but love and a childish good na- ture, like the rays of an evening sun, resting quietly on his round face, was all that could be seen of the great mind, in the midst of sinners crying for mercy, or saints shouting for joy. Many were awakened under the preaching of brother Guething in Penn- sylvania, Maryland and Virginia. But withal, he was not left without opponents in the course of his gospel labors, and journeyings. Having been brought up in the German Reformed Church, that Church was held dear in his affections, nor was this without a return from many members in that Church, to whom the preaching of Guething had been made the power of God to their sal- vation. He likewise enjoyed the friendship and esteem of some of her preachers ; but from that Church came also some of his trials, by way of op- position to the work of grace, and the conversion of the people. Opposition or persecution from those with whom we have been associated or united, in natural, social and religious relations, comes with a keener edge, and wounds deeper than when directed 62 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF against us from i any other source. When speaking of these things, while the big tear dropped from his eye, he would say " For the hurt of the daughter of my people, am I hurt. Oh ! what a Saviour we have, and yet the health. of my people is not recov- red !» Big meetings were held at an early day in his immediate neighborhood, probably as early as 1786 or 87, and so continued from time to time while he lived, and long after the time of his earthly life. Ot- terbein.was nearly always present at these meetings, until infirmity and age forbade attendance. Bro. Guething's house was Otterbein's retreat ; his head quarters when out. of. Baltimore. Perhaps never loved two men. better, norfor a longer period of time, than Otterbein and Guething loved each* other. Brother Guething's was also the council house for the preachers, far and near. He was much looked to for counsel, for advice and instruction, and such was the love towards him, and the confidence in him, that his word had much of the authority of law, and his counsel, was as the counsel of the ancients ; and this was given on, his part with such humility and tenderness of love, that the impression could never be forgotten nor effaced. But Bro. Guething was a man,. nor is it meant that he was faultless ; but such as he was, God had raised him up for a great work. How faithfully he performed the work allotted to him, in the histor} r of the Brethren Church was exempli- fied in the forty years of his illustrious life, spent joyfully in the service of his Divine Master. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 63 The time when, and where, and the circumstances .and manner of the death of G. A. Guething, Martin Boehm, and William Otterbein, with other ministe- rial brethren, will be noticed in this work r in due time. The next name in order, claiming our -attention, and deserving more than a passing notice on out pages, is Christian Newcomer. Although more is known off him to some brethren now living, than df his three predecessors, yet ere long, C. Newcomer will be also a stranger to the living generation, and all that may remain of him on earth— -be wfeat history records. Christian Newcomer was born in Lancaster Co.,. Pennsylvania, January 21st, 1749. He was raised .•and brought up by his parents in the Mennonite Society. After suffering severe trials and deep dis- tress of mind, from a consciousness of his lost estate, fcverlohrnen Zustand,) by prayers and supplications ,at a throne of grace, he experienced religion in his eighteenth year. vOf this he speaks in his journal: — ■" The anguish of soul was removed. I did not know what had happened unto me; my he art felt glad; my soul was happy; my mouth was filled with praises and thanksgiving to God, for what He had done for me, a poor unworthy creature. I thought if ever a being in this world had cause to praise the Lord, I was that being. For some nights, tears of gratitude and joy moistened my pillow; and I pass- ed many happy hours. This state of mind contin- ,#ed for some time, my soul was happy, when I arose '84 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ^in the morning, to me all nature loved and smiled — all things had become new, I was made to rejoice all the day long. But by degrees I lost this joy, this peace of mind ; fear returned again, and took pos- session of my heart. In this situation- 1 consulted a .preacher in the Mennonite Church: He advised me to be baptized, join the Church, and take the sacra- ment. I fallowed his advice, and did as he directed me, but found no peace-" He used to say, when. speaking of this period of his life, thai this state of mind, he believed, was caused by refusing to comply with the convictions resting with much weight upoa his mind, to tell his experience in meeting, and ex- hort the people to flee the wrath* to come. In this unhappy condition he passed. several years, experiencing alternately, great joy, and againpassing days and nights in distress and agony of soul. He- remarks, " I da sincerely believe, if I had been obe- dient to the call of God, I should have been saved much distress of mind. But the office of a preacher appeared to me too important, too great, and myself Jess than nothing." He was solicited to make the effort, and preachy which the grace that was in him, constrained him to* do-.. He made the eflbrt to speak. at a meeting, relat- ting his own experience, and the painful exercises- of his mind, in reference to warning others of their danger, how he had resisted this call, until it burned in his bones like a fire, and why ? "I stammered this out as well as I had ability, and could not res- train my tears, beseeching, the people to embrace in. 1791 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 65< Christ the offered mercy. This had a good effect, many tears were shed, and convictions ensued. In this discharge of my duty, which I believe I owed to God and my fellow men, a sense of the divine appro- bation rested on my mind." Hence he was requested to exhort and speak in public. But previous to this time r and soon after his removal to Maryland, he had become acquainted with Otterbein and Guething. He writes in his journal — " Frequently I had heard them preach in my own vicinity, their preaching making lasting inu- pressions on the hearts of their hearers. They in- sisted on the necessity of a genuine repentance and conversion to God, in the knowledge and pardon of sins past. Their preaching appeared to be owned and blessed of God. Many were awakened from their sleep of sin and death, were brought from dark- ness to light,, and from the power of sin and satan to God, found the pearl of great price, and adhered to, and followed the doctrine which they preached. These they formed into societies, and for the time being, were called by some, ' Otterbein's people.' " Whereas these men preached the same doctrine- which I had experienced, and which, according to my views and discernment, perfectly agreed with the doctrine taught by Jesus Christ and his Apostles; — therefore I associated myself with them, and joined their society, and was blessed. Although I withdrew myself from the Mennonites, on account of the want of life and power of religion among them, I never felt in any wise accused in my own mind for so doing ; — 6 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF on the contrary, have received many blessings of God when assembled with my new brethren." The history of Bro. Newcomer as far as we have taken notice of it, furnishes another evidence of the fact, that whatever religion the people professed at that period, 1767, it was a religion of form, with little or no experience of heart. In him we have a youth of sixteen years of age, under deep convic- tion, distressed with the thoughts of eternity, and of foeing lost for days, -and weeks, and months, and knowing no one to whom he might make known the religious exercises of his mind. The spirit of the Lord without human agency, led him on in repen- tance and in secret prayer, until the love of God was shed abroad in his heart. The second period in Newcomer's life, is his call to preach the gospel. In the twenty-seventh year of his age, a measure of grace is committed unt© him to preach Christ, but he hesitated. When urged to speak, !he would shrink from the task, and let the opportunity slip. For this dereliction of duty, he felt inwardly condemned, the spirit saying, •" behold I have given thee a knowledge of sin, and made known unto thee the way of salvation ; if thou re- fuse to warn thy fellow men, — wo to thee if thou preach not the gospel!" But he said the office of a preacher, struck him to be of such vast importance, and awful responsibility — and then the thought that he was insufficient for these things, restrained him again. Being thus pressed and enjoying no peace of mind, to deliver himself, — like Jonah, -he sought THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 67 safety by flight. He sold his plantation in Penn- sylvania, and removed into the State of Maryland. His reluctance to preach was of himself, his remov- al to Washington county, Maryland, undoubtedly was of the Lord. Here he met with Otterbein and G. A. Guething, and in their preaching he found a response in his own heart. A friendship ensued, which soon united their hearts and affections, in one common interest and cause, and which remained unbroken, till death severed the bond on earth. The doubts on his part, as to the validity of his call to preach, were now happily removed, and an effectual door was opened before him to preach the unsearchable riches of Christ. He indeed, was a chosen vessel of the Lord, as his subsequent labors most amply prove. Though in some respects, less than Otterbein, Guething or Boehm, nevertheless take him as he was, we arejustifiedin saying of him, that the grace of God was not bestowed on him in vain, for he labored more abundantly, journeyed more, preached more frequently, and visited more extensively. He was just the man by nature and by grace, for his place ; without him the cluster would have been incomplete. Tall in stature, of a com- manding figure, and a keen visage, a voice moder- ately strong, and if at times impeded for a moment by some natural defect, it but heightened the effect of his preaching, drawing the attention of the au- dience only nearer to the speaker, affording him an opportunity to draw the gospel net more effectually around them, and thus secure a larger draft. Prom 68 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1791 first to last, and for many years, Bro. Newcomer made good proof of his ministry, in all things show- ing himself a pattern of good works. In doctrine he was pure, grave, and sincere. He was successful in winning souls to Christ, and unremitting in his labors, being often and suddenly called upon to attend meetings appointed without his knowledge, to reach some of which, he had to travel one hun- dren and more miles. These protracted meetings, with all other meetings which he attended, required much time, neglect of business at home, beside trav- eling expenses: and this was done without receiving the least remuneration. To do this, required on his part, much self-denial and sacrifice of domestic in- terests, which brought him often into great straits, and sore conflicts. But he said he had promised to be obedient to God, and the brethren, so none of these things moved him from his purpose of preach- ing Christ. His burning zeal would give him no rest, in season nor out of season ; neither in summer nor winter. . He was sometimes heard to say, — " Well this is hard, but the salvation of one soul out- weighs it all — let me go." Often he was compelled to make forced rides, to expose his person in the most inclement season of the year, and the stages of high water; but none of these things could check him in his course. The writer, when traveling Susquehanna Circuit in the year 1812, in the depth of winter, of cold and snow, had meeting in Berks county. While preaching, Bro. Newcomer's tall figure made its appearance at the door. I beckoned 1791 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 69 to him to come to the stand, but the room being crowded, he remained where he was, and without leaving the door, closed the meeting with a very im- pressive exhortation, and sang and prayed. I pro- nounced the benediction. The audience made a move to leave. Now was Newcomer's time ; he shook hands with one, and then with another, ad- dressing some by name — exhorted all young and old, with a voice and visage as spiritual and holy, as if he had just come from the court of heaven. Many began to weep, and we had a gracious and powerful blessing. Thus often when it was thought that he was far away, he would come upon meetings unexpectedly andunlooked for, — but his coming was everywhere, and always hailed with joy. For of a truth, God was with him, and had made him a blessing to the Church and to the people. The demise and closing scene of his life, will be noticed in due time. 70 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH 07 CHAPTER VI. Biographical Sketch of John G. Pfrimmer — character of his preach- ing — his extensive labors —Sketch of John Neiding — birth — baptism — chosen by lotto preach — seeks a clean heart— finds experimental salvation — ■ effect of his preaching the doctrine of the New Birth — his virtues — popularity of his preaching — his death — Remarks on the Biographic Sketches. Of the preachers who attended the Conference in 1791, two are yet to be noticed before we can pro- ceed, viz: JohnG. Pfrimmer, and John Neiding. Brother Pfrimmer was a native of Alcace, in France — was born 1762, and brought up in the German Reformed Church. He emigrated to the State of Pennsylvania, in 1788, soon after which, he was made a partaker of divine grace. Having received a good education, and believing it to be his duty to preach, he began to exhort and to preach Christ and him crucified. His fitness to preach, manifested itself in the deep impressions which his discourses made, and the display of talent, promised a degree of usefulness in the ministry, which was much needed, and which at this very time was a great ac- cession to the strength and influence of the rising Church. He was a fluent speaker: with a mind pos- sessing strong intellectual powers: a nervousness run through all his discourses, which were full of origi- nal thought and expression, bringing things new and old from the treasury of the Lord. His sermons THE UNITED BRETHREN IN- CHRIST. 7H Were highly impressive, instructive and abiding in* their effects. He had a comprehensive knowledge of the sacred scriptures, well knowing how to apply them to the hearts and consciences of men. He loved to say, " Thus saith the Lord" whieh was at- tended with power. By his ardent and efficient labors, many heard and received the joyful sound of gospel grace. The work of God was multiplied, and greatly spread by this energetic servant of the Lord, through a great part of Pennsylvania; first east, and then in the vallies of the Susquehanna, till the year 1800, when he crossed the Allegheny mountains, preaching with various success through the counties- of Somerset, Westmoreland and Washington ; from whence in 1808, he followed the emigration west, through the State of Ohio, and finally settled himself in Har- rison county, in the State of Indiana, without how- ever, discontinuing his itinerant labors, and visiting: the Churches east as far as Pennsylvania and Mary- land. He attended the General Conference held in the State of Ohio, 1825. May 13th, 1797, a great meeting was held at the Sinking Spring, Pa., where Bro. Pfrimmer with Bro. Boehm, Newcomer, Drak- sel and other brethren, were present. Bro. Pfrimmer preached the first sermon on the Sabbath. And October 14th, same year, a great meeting was held at Bro. M. Boehms, where Bro. Pfrimmer, with Gue- thing and Newcomer, -attended. The meeting at ; the Sinking Spring, was as the harvest is before the 72 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF reapers; there was a reaping and a gathering of fruit unto eternal life. John Neiding was born in Berks county, Pa., 1765; soon after which, his father removed into the neigh- borhood of Harrisburg, Dauphin county, where John was raised, and brought up by his parents in the Mennonite Church. Being of a serious turn of mind, and reserved habits, while yet quite a youth, he was received by baptism into the said Church. In his twenty-fifth year, he was selected and chosen to be a preacher, by lot, — while at the same time, and previous thereto, he had been earnestly seeking and praying for a clean heart, and for a token of God's love. Being now set apart as a preacher, the desire for a clean heart, and a token that he was a child of God, (as he expressed it,) pressed the more heavily upon him, and he pray- ed more frequently and more fervently. Beside this, he felt the necessity and importance of preaching an experimental salvation from sin ; and this salvation he soon found, and was made to rejoice. And as it always follows, the preacher will declare those scrip- ture truths which he has learned to know by his own experience. So it was with Bro. Neiding ; he began to preach with much force and energy, the cause, the nature, and the necessity of the new birth. " Ye must be born again I" This was more than his Mennonite brethren expected from him, and more than they as a Church, were willing to receive. One instance we will relate in few words: Some time after his conversion, whilst he was preaching THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 73 and exhorting with much feeling, many in the con- gregation began to be moved, and some were crying loud enough to be heard. The old preacher caught brother Neiding by the arm, saying — " O ! not so brother ! You press the subject too far !" To this he quietly replied — " There is no stopping this side of heaven. I will press it — yet more earnestly." Of ail the brethren we have yet, or may hereafter notice, brother Neiding was the Nathaniel; a man possessed of an excellent spirit, meek, gentle, just, having a good report of them that were without ; as a steward of God, blameless ; as a teacher, he was able by sound doctrine, both to exhort and to con- vince the gainsayers. The virtues and the graces so pre-requisite of an Elder in the Church of God, shone all around him with a clear and steady light, ( and whatmay safely be depositedhere as a memora- ble relation,) that light, and those virtues-and graces shedding so much luster around his path, were never he-clouded, nor svffered a momentary eclipse by any false step on his part, in his long and eventful life. His language was select and chaste, in the pulpit, and out of it. His manner of preaching, taking the words, the sound and sweetness of his voice in harmony with the actions of his body, and the use of his hands and fingers, was, to use a figure, like the chiming of silver bells, producing on the audi- ence the various impressions which the gospel theme affords. The sinner when hardly dealt with, was obliged to listen and to hear, while the bells sounded a painful alarm through every avenue of his guilty 6 74 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF soul ; to the broken hearted, the disconsolate, the embittered spirit, he chimed a hosanna from the man of woe, with tones as heavenly and sweet, as if they really came from celestial climes. As a builder of the Church edifice, the materials in his hands, were gold, and silver, and precious stone. If a meeting house or Church was to be dedicated, be it Lutheran, German Reformed, or otherwise, brother Neiding received the most friendly invitation to participate in the services and solemnities thereof. His fame was in all the Churches. Yet such as he was, be it remembered, or rather in charity be it for- gotten, the Mennonite Church thrust him out from among them, as they had thrusted Boehm. Such was brother John Neiding and J. G. Pfrimmer as noticed above, whose names eminently deserve to be fully associated with those illustrious men, whom the Great Head of the Church honored with a holy call, to raise his Zion among the German Churches from the dust, and to whom the Lord said, " Arise and shine." Thousands have seen the light, and thousands have walked in it ! In noticing his demise, it will be seen that he spent a long and useful life. Having obeyed the ministerial call in the morning hour, he endured the heat and burthen of the day, with undiminishing diligence, not shrinking in the duties and onerous tasks which the day brought forth. The frost of many winters had whitened his head to a snowy whiteness, yet he labored and preached to the last hour and minute of his eventful life. His last sermons, especially those preached at THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 75 camp-meetings, are still fresh in the minds of those who heard them, and continue to wake up the sweetest recollections of the past, and this past is casting its silver rays of light beyond the borders of the tomb, revealing to the enraptured vision, a pathway of the purest light, leading to immortality — where saints, where God and Christ are found to dwell, — " The saints secure abode." JOHN NEIDING, DEPARTED THIS LIFE JANUARY, A. D. 1844. IN THE SEVENTY-NINTH YEAR OF HIS AGE, AND FIFTY-THIRD TEAR OF HIS MINISTRY, WHICH HE EXERCISED WITH AN ABILITY NEVER TO BE FORGOTTEN. But a few days before his departure being met by a friend, saying, " Bro. Neiding will you allow your- self no rest?" To which he replied with tender- ness, " J do wish not to be found idle when the Lord cometh." How striking the fidelity, how noble the expres- sion, worthy to be engraven on imperishable mon- uments ! What more fitting, more suitable senti- ment for a watchman in Israel, and minister of the gospel to express. What sublime emotions swell the breast of those who have Jesus and his merits, to widen the circle of their now setting sun, with a purple flood of light. To see friends depart with whom we were wont to 76 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF hold sweet communion on earth, watching with a sad heart the departure of the crimson wave of light, we see, or think we see, the messenger of death approach, but to dim our tearful vision at the moment when the golden fringe begins to brighten again, growing clearer and rising higher, as the emancipated spirit is about to pass through the gates into the City of the living God ! In a very brief and concise manner, have we endeavored to sketch or delineate the ministerial character, first of William Otterbein, secondly of Martin Boehm, thirdly of George Adam Guething, fourthly of Christian Newcomer, and fifthly and sixthly of John G. Pfrimmer and John Neiding. This has been more than an ordinary task for the writer, from one or two considerations. The first is found in the men themselves, of whom we should give and preserve a correct knowledge in this book. As men, and as good men, they were but men in common with others. But all should be aware, that they had no ordinary work assigned them in the vineyard of the Lord; and the graces, abilities, and talents with which they were endowed, were commensurate with the duties which they were required to perform. And these servants of God, we have seen, and have enjoyed apersonal acquain- tance and ministerial relation with them ; and we have seen them descend into the tomb ; still we must confess, that we find not the ability to delineate suf- ficiently, either the character of the men, — the .extent of their labors, or their resplendent virtues. Of this I am confident, the Biographic Sketches THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 77 fall much below the true standard; although I have endeavored to the best of my limited capacity, to give a faithful representation or portraiture, of each individual character, so that the reader may see them separate and apart, and then in his mind view them in a circle. My second reason is, I am aware, that there are those who are dear to me, as the surviving relatives and friends, and others as brethren in the Lord, of all those men of God, who are jealous for the honor of the deceased, and whose memory is sacred unto them, and this honor, this memory being no less sacred and dear to our entire Church, and all those friends would be ready witnesses, should my pen for a moment wander from the truth, or attempt to exaggerate in any one point. We may be below their true merit, above it we cannot rise. These brethren justly occupy the fore-ground as instru- meets in chief, guided by a wise and overruling Providence in the work of reformation, and the rise and progress of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Nothing could be more just, than to portray the character of the men whom the Lord was pleased to employ in the glorious reformation, and to afford a condensed view of their conversion, and espousal to God; of their call to the ministry, and their obe- dience to that call. Without this, the history itself would not only be very incomplete, but it would be found deficient in an essential point and the inquirer after truth, would be deprived of some of the mate- 78 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF rial evidences, bearing direct testimony on the ques- tion, whether the raising up of the United Breth- ren in Christ, was the work of men, or the work of God. 1785 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 79 CHAPTER VIL Spread of the brethren among the Germans in Pennsylvania, Virginia and Maryland — They preceded the Methodist — The reason Asbury loved Otterbein and the brethren — Union of spirit between the Methodist and Brethren — Conference of 1800 — Adoption of the name United Brethren in Christ — Election of Superintendants Many large meetings held Great manifestations of the power oi God. For the sake of order, and not to interrupt the Biography of brethren with which we had commen- ced, it was believed to be as well to notice the men first, and then to resume the thread of our narrative of the work, and the extension of the same, if it should take us back some years. It does not come within the range, we have allowed ourselves in this work, to trace out the same in its progress min- utely. We may take up a period, not of one, but of several years, which we deem all-sufficient for our purpose. In the year 1785, but a few years after the war, we find numerous congregations and societies of breth- ren, in the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, i. e. as far as the German population was found in those States. In most, if not in all those places, the Brethren preachers preceded the Metho- dist, and were in advance of them some years. When the Methodist preachers first pushed their way into the German settlements and towns, the 80 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1785 Brethren were the first people who received them to their houses, and afforded them opportunities and facilities to preach the gospel, and to extend the Redeemers kingdom among them. And this they did gladly, because they found that the preachers called Methodists, preached with much power and assurance, a living gospel, a living and heart-felt religion, in common with themselves. And though many understood the English language but indiffer- ently, yet they could see with their eyes, and feel in their hearts, that God was with those preachers ; and when they saw souls converted to God by their preaching, their joy knew no bounds, and they call- ed them their brethren in the Lord. This will ex- plain the reason why Bishop Asbury loved Otter- bein, and loved the brethren as he did; and why Otterbein was requested to take part in his (Asbu- ry's,) ordination. The Bishop was too noble minded to be capable of being insensible to the debt of gratitude, which he himself and many others of his brethren owed to Otterbein and his German breth- ren. Hitherto, the brethern had been alone, for none- else as yet, had come up to the help of the Lord with them. Now came Francis Asbury, with some of his brethren, who upon acquaintance are found to hold the same doctrine, have the same living faith r drink of the same spiritual fountain, were baptized with the same spirit, urging sinners to repent, and withal, being humble and holy men, loving God with a pure heart, fervently, and raising up societies THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 81 of devoted people. And these English men, call- ed Methodists, found in the United Brethren the same spirit of grace, and truth and love; hence they were drawn, and flowed together. A mutual friend- ship and confidence ensued. This friendship, this pure disinterested love, was of great advantage to the cause of religion, and the extension of the reign of grace. These brethren when met, for a time, knew no difference, — had many happy seasons, — saw powerful conversions, and extraordinary dis- plays of the outpouring of the spirit of God upon many people, as a result of their united labors. Wesley's rules, as far as they came in conflict with, or would for a moment have interrupted or marred the festivejoy, were either suspended, or held subject to the higher law of the love of Christ, as now seen, and happily enjoyed by a people speak- ing different languages, and being independent of each other in their denominational character, But being, as already noticed, one in faith, in hope, and one in love. Would it were so now, Will it be so again ? on earth, And when 1 I confess it is hard for me to get away from this sunny spot. The love, I trust, still burns within my breast. I can look back, and yet see the smiles and cordial shakes of the hand, (hands now cold in death y while mine writes and trembles]) the hearty andjoyous welcome, when Methodists and United Brethren met. Their songs, their voices, their shouts of Hal- 82 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1800 lelejah, Hallelujah, continued to ring— rings and vibrates in my nervous system, while I write, and thrills my very soul afresh. Whenever the mind dwells on the loveliness of those past scenes, an Angel seems to wisper, it was then, That the morning stars sang together, And all the sons of God shouted for joy : We are constrained to say — " What happy hours we once enjoyed, How sweet their memory still." "Then there was no iniquity in Jacob, Nor perverseness in Israel ; The Lord his God was with him, And the shout of a king was among them." Conference was held September 25, 1800, in Fred- erick county, Maryland, at the house of Bro. Peter Kemp, PREACHERS PRESENT. William Otterbein, Martin Boehm, G. A- Guething, C. Newcomer, Adam Lehman, Abraham Draksel, J. G. Pfrimmer, Christian Crura, Henry Crum, John Hershey, J. Geieinger, Henry Boehm, D. Aurauf, Jacob Bowlus. PREACHERS ABSENT. John Neiding, Frederick Shaffer, Martin Krider, Chris. Grosh, Abraham Mayer, G. Fortenbaugh, David Snyder, Adam Reigle, A. Hershey, Ch. Hershey, Pa., John Ernst, M. Thomas, Md., Simon Herre, Daniel Strickler, John Senseny, Abraham Hiestand and I. Niswander from Virginia. At this Conference there being a good represen- tation of the Church in general, the name United Brethren, with the addition, in Christ, was adopted. The appellative, United Brethren, had characterized the Brethren as a distinct body of Christians for a 1800 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 83 considerable time, previous to the setting of this Conference. But it was suggested, (and not without reason) that the name United Brethren, when used in papers of record partaining to the Church, in property, be- queaths, legacies or otherwise, might raise a legal inquiry as to who, or what Church was intended by United Brethren, forasmuch as the Moravians, un- der Count Zinzendorf, 1727, had formed their first society, under, and by the name United Brethren, or Unitus Fratrum. To avoid a misapplication in consequence of the similarity of the name, which it was now too late to change — in Christ , was added, and since then, has been written and known as The Church of the United Brethren in Christ. The next step the Conference took, was to elect two brethren to the office of superintendant, or bish- op, and William Otterbein and Martin Boehm were elected. By this, it is not to be understood that the Church had been without a chief. The office of superintendant had been exercised by Otterbein, up to this time, — not by right of election or choice, but by the force of circumstances, inseparately con- nected with the rise and progress of the Church. All eyes had been directed to him to lead in counsel; the preachers, not one excepted, paid this difference to him; the care of all the Churches had been rest- ing upon him, and such was the love of obedience to him, that if he said to one go, he went; if to an- other come, he came. Some additional circuits, were also formed this 84 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1800 year, in Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia. The appointments of these were regularly kept up, and carefully attended to. To do this, however, requi- red that some of the brethren tax themselves to the fullest extent of their ability. This they did cheer- fully. The proceedings of this Conference, were the means of giving an increased impulse to the cause of religion. Ten great meetings were held in this Conference year, some of which were distinguished with great blessings. Many conversions, and some very powerful, took place at these meetings, partic- ularly at the Antietum, and at Abraham Mayers. Here grace triumphed, and Satan raged, to the per- secution of some of the converts. And in Virginia the meetings, we are rejoiced to write, were attended with the rich effusions of divine power and grace. At some of these, the people fell like mown grass before the Lord. The cry and dis- tress of soul manifested, was great, and great was the succeeding joy. But the preachers for want of time, were hurried away from these scenes, their battle fields, while yet sinners trembled, mourners were crying, we are lost, and tears were still falling fast and free. We said the preachers were hurried away, because the next, and then the next appointment was pressing on. Painful and laborious as these frequent meetings were, having but few hours for refreshment and rest, they were nevertheless attended with good effects upon the people. The reluctance felt to see the 1800 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 85 preachers depart, cast a melancholy shade over the minds of the convicted, and but sunk their convic- tions the deeper, and made the wounded spirit cry more bitterly, u I am lost! Lord have mercy! so that the parting hour was often made the time of deliverance and rejoicing, to mourning souls. To the preachers it was a trial of faith, for when the time to leave came, here was the work apparently half done. How can they leave ? They themselves weep. Their souls are oppressed with intense feel- ings. They pray once more. Faith grows strong. Blessings descend. A shout bursts forth, — glory — glory — ! They go, and are happy ! " On thy Church, O power divine, Cause thy glorious face to shine ; Till the nations from afar, Hail her as their guiding star. " Then shall God with mighty hand, Scatter blessings o'er the land ; And the world's remotest bound, With the voice of praise resound. " Lord thy Church hath seen thee rise To thy temple in the skies ; God my Saviour 1 God my King ! Here thy ransomed people sing. "When in glories all divine, Through the earth thy Church shall shine ; Kings in prayer and praise shall wait, Bending at thy temple's gate. — Pleyel's Hymn. 86 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1802 CHAPTER VIII. Conference of 1801 — Otterbein's Conference sermon — Conference of 1802 — The holding of great meetings a new measure — Love- feasts in the rise of the Church — their tendency to unite all Christians — Some cases of experience given — Sacramental occa- sions. September 23d, 1801, Conference was held at Bro. Peter Kemps, Frederick county, Md. There were present nineteen preachers. The statements made by the preachers, coming from the various parts of the Church in reference to the progress of the work, were very encouraging. Prosperity and success in winning souls, had atten- ted the labors of the brethren pretty generally the past Conference year. There were several conver- sions during Conference. In the' Conference, great unanimity and brotherly love prevailed. Brother Otterbein preached, as it was his custom, a Conference sermon, from the Epistle of Jude, verse 20, to 25, inclusive. The reader will not be displeas- ed to find the whole text quoted here: 20. " But ye, beloved, building up yourselves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Ghost. 21. " Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life. 22. "And of some have compassion, making a difference: 1802 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 87 23. " And others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire ; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh. 24. " Now unto him that is able to keep you from falling, and to present you faultless before the pres- ence of his glory with exceeding joy, 25. " To the only wise God our Saviour.be glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and ever: Amen." The leading features comprised, I. The sanctity of the ministerial office. II. The servants of this office to be men of faith, OF PRAYER, AND OF THE HOLY GHOST. III. The duties of the office. IV. Its great responsibilities. While treating on the responsibilities of the min- isterial office, tears flowed in abundance, — preach- ers and people wept together. The discourse left impressions not soon to be forgotten. Conference met at the house of Bro. John Cronise, Frederick county, Md. October 6th, 1802. William Otterbein and Martin Boehm presiding. The Conference was opened with singing and prayer by Bro. Boehm, and an address by brother Otterbein. The preachers present, as usual, according to rule, were all examined separately, and to their comfort and joy, no circumstances had occurred to mar their deliberations, and the session of the Conference was closed on the evening of the second day, with a 88 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1802 sermon preached by Otterbein, from Hebrews 13: 17, and exhortation by Bro. Boehm. Nineteen great meetings were held during this year. The times selected for holding these meetings, were the months of May, June, August, September and October. The holding of these meetings form- ed another link in the chain of reformation. It was a new measure, but one which was productive of much good, and resulted in the best of consequences. They afforded an enlarged field of action, and a wider spread of the knowledge of true religion, and a fit opportunity to enforce the practice of its mor- al precepts. Hundreds, and we may say thousands, by these means came to hear, who in the ordinary way of holding religious or divine worship, would not have been brought under the saving influence of this dispensation of life. Prejudices which had taken possession of the minds of many, accompa- nied by a sectarian spirit, were thereby more or less removed or shorn of their strength, and the best of all was, many experienced a change of heart. On the Sabbath day, the concourse of people was frequently such, as to render the administration of the holy sacrament on that day, impracticable. When this was the case, the love-feast and the sacrament were held on Monday. Those love-feasts in the early days of the rise of the Church, were peculiar to the time, and charac- teristic of the progress of a glorious reformation, wrought by Him who holds the seven stars in his 1802 THE TTNITBt) BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 89 right hand, and who said, " behold I have set before £hee an open door." The distinctive divisions which embraced the German population and Churches, {as stated eleswhere,) consisting of Lutheran, Ger- man Reformed, Mennonite and Dunkards, had pre- vious to this, and at this very period, little or no christian fellowship or communion with each other as Churches. But here at these meetings they were seen and found worshipping God together, from the n his part were as freely given, as they on their part made the call. We give a case. His suit of clothing being much worn, and not having means wherewith to purchase another, his friends guessing the cause, sent him some cloth. But still the old garment was worn, till one of the friends remarked, that his tailor must have forgotten him, upon which Mr. Otterbein wiped a tear from his eye, and pointed his friend to some beggars opposite the house. The friend took the hint, and sent another supply of cloth to the tailor at once, lest it should be disposed of in the same way. 136 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF After this incident, some of the friends frequently furnished him with certain kinds of cloth for distri- bution to the needy. His demise was an occasion of real sorrow to this class of people, and who were not a few; heartily did they lament and mourn the loss of this their earthly friend and patron. " With them his name shall live, Through long succeeding years, Embalmed — with all their hearts can give, Their praises and their tears. We shall now view him on a dying bed. His day of life had been long and toilsome, but the evening came, and with it calmness and tranquillity. His sun was about to set with a smile ; but in that smile, there was suffering from an asthmatic affection, which had afflicted him for some time, and which, as his end approached, became the more distress- ing. The friends that gathered around him, were soon assured that his end had come. The Rev. Doctor D. Kurtz offered up at his bed side, the last vocal prayer, at the close of which, Otterbein responded in the following words: " Amen — Amen ! itis fin- ished." His last quotation from scripture, was from Luke 2: 29-30. "Lord now lettest thou thy ser- vant depart in peace according to thy word; for mine eyes have seen thy salvation." As the friends now looked on him, they felt pierced with sorrow, while wrapt in the solemnity of the death of a Father in Israel. 1813 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 137 When able to speak once more, he said, " Jesus — Jesus — 1 die; but thou livest, and soon shall I live with thee — the conflict is over and past — I begin to feel an unspeakable fullness of love and peace divine, — lay my head on my pillow, and be still" — and stillness reigned in the chamber of death. No, not of death, the chariot of Israel had come. "See," whispered one, " how sweet, how easy he breathes:" a smile, a fresh glow lit up his countenance, and be- hold it is death ! "He taught us how to live, and Oh! too high! A price of knowledge taught us how to die." [ One circumstance in Otterbein's death, we would beg leave not to omit. A. Bruner, one of Otter- bein's warmest friends, lived out of the City at the time of Otterbein's last illness. Bruner, at Otter- bein's request, was sent for, and came, but having business in New York, the Doctor thought Otter- bein might live till he would return. While Bruner was in New York, he dreamed that he saw W. Otter- bein fly up through the air, havingseven lights in his hands, on which he awoke, and immediately looked at his watch. On his return home, he ascertained that Otterbein had departed this life, and on inquiry at what time, found it was precisely at the same time he had his dream. He just arrived in time to meet the procession at the grave. J The amiable and humble Bruner, a long and tried friend of Otterbein, was himself a light while here on earth, is gone home ; he died a peaceful and 10 138 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF happy death, and has long since entered into rest. Bishop Asbury, March 13th, 1814, as a token of true friendship and love, preached a sermon on the death of Wm. Otterbein, taking his text from Rev. 3: 10, 11. Of this memorable occasion, Bishop As- bury entered the following note in his Journal: " By request, I discoursed on the character of the Angel of the Church of Philadelphia, in allusion to Wm. Otterbein — the holy, the great Otterbein — whose funeral discourse it was intended to be. Sol- emnity marked the silent meeting in the German Church, where were assembled the members of our Conference, and many of the clergy of the City. " Forty years have I known the retiring modesty of this man of God, towering majestic above his fellows, in learning, wisdom, and grace, yet seeking to be known only to God, and the people of God." This sermon of Bishop Asbury's was delivered in the Church so long occupied by Otterbein in Balti- more. It was spoken of throughout the City, as one of exceeding sublimity and interest. Otterbein's remains are deposited in the City of Bal- timore, and Church-yard on Howard's hill. In enter ing the gate immediately in front of the Church from Conway street, the passage to the Church, leads through a small yard, called Otterbein grave yard. There the sainted Father of blessed memory lies alone, there being no other grave in this apartment. The grave is adorned with two plain marble slabs, the upper one resting on four pillars of marble, with the following inscription: — 1813 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 139 HIER RUHEN DIE GEBEINE DES VERSTORBENEN WILLIAM OTTERBEIN. GEBOHREN 4. JUNI 1726. GESTORBEN 17. NOVEMBER, 1813: SEINES ALTERS 87 YAHRE, 5 MONATH, 13 TAGE- " Selig sind die Todten, die in dem Herrn STER- BENJ SIE RUHEN VON HIRER ARBEIT UND IHRE WeRKE FOLGEN HiNEN NACH." HERE REST THE REMAINS OF WILLIAM OTTEEBEIN. HE WAS BORN JUNE 4, 1126. DEPARTED THIS LIFE NOV. 17, 1813. aged 87 years, 5 months, and 13 days. " Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord, for they rest from their labors, and their "works do follow them." IN THE MINISTRY 62 YEARS. 140 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF We havejust received the following certificate of ordination and recommendation given to William Otterbein in the year 1752. We have been very kindly furnished with a translation by the Rev. Mr. Ford, Professor of Languages in St, Xavier College Cincinnati. It is a document, we think, well worth preserving. [Ed. LICTUTIS SALUTEM ! Infra scriptus testor, Reverendum et doctissimum juvenem Phil- ippum Guilielnrum Otterbein, patria Nassauicum, Dillenburgu natum, sancti ministeru candidatum classis tertise et hujus pcedagogu prcecep- torem, a me impetrasse manuum impositionem pro ordinationis axio- mate, assistentibus, Ct. Arnoldo professore atgue ccetus Herbonnensis pas tore, et admodum Reverendo Klingelkafero gusdem ecclesiae sec- undario, nt vicariam in ccEtu Ockersdorpiano opem prcestaret. Quart eutn guem auditorem quondam nostrum dileximus; nune vero ad peregunas oras appulsurum, omnibus guibus prosentes interesse pos- sunt commendamus; ipsi fausta quoevis ex animo proecantes, basque literas tamquam perpetuimelerga eum affectusmonumentumsignantes. Datum apud Herbonnam. A. D. Millesimo Leptingintesimo quinquagesimo secundo. JOANNES HENRICUS SCHRAMMIUS. Theologioe Doctor et ecclesiam Nassauicaram su perin tendens- Signum. (TR AN SL ATI ON .) TO THE READER GREETING! I, the undersigned testiiy, that the Reverend and very learned young man, Philip William Otterbein, who was born in the town of Dillenburg, in the Dutchy of Nassau, a candidate of the third class for THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 141 the holy ministry, and a teacher of this College, obtained from me the imposition of hands; (as a proof of his legitimate ordination,) in the presence of Ct. Arnold, Professor, and a minister of the congregation of Herbonn, and the very Reverend Klingelkafer, an assistant in the same Church, with the view of exercising his ministerial functions in the assembly of Okersdorpia. Wherefore, we commend to all whom the present letter may interest, our former much esteemed hearer, who is now about to emigrate to a foreign country, and wish him a prosper- ous voyage. We subscribe this letter as a testimonial of our never failing affection towards him. Dated at Herbonn, 3rd day before March, 1752. JOHN HENRY SCHRAMM. Doctor of Theology and Superintendent Sign or SeaL of the Church of Nassau. 142 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1813 CHAPTER XIV. After the death of Otterbein, the Pa. An. Conference supplied the Ot- bein Church — Attempt to effect a union between the United Breth- ren and the Evangelical Association. After the departure of Otterbein, the Pennsylva- nia Annual Conference supplied the preacher for the Baltimore Church. Bro. Frederick Schaffer happened to be in Baltimore at the time of Otter- bein's death, was retained by the congregation and vestry, to the sitting of the Pennsylvania Annual Conference, which met in Hagerstown, 1815, when Bro. Joseph HoiFman was appointed to the Otter- bein Church in Baltimore, over which he watched with great ability for three years, when according to a rule of discipline, the Church was supplied by another from said Pa. Conference, and has been thus supplied ever since. * It is a matter of some importance, and not un- worthy of a notice here, that an attempt was made to effect a union between the United Brethren, and the Evangelical association, (Albrights.) For this purpose, in April 1813, Bro. Chr. New- comer attended their Conference, and the propriety of a union between the two Churches, was freely discussed by that Conference. Bro. Newcomer laid the discipline of our Church, before them for exam- * The Rev. George Miller of the Pennsylvania Conference, is the present Pastor of the Church. 1813 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 143 ination, to which no objection was made; but with seeming cordiality approved. And they delivered to Bro. Newcomer, a written communication on the subject of union, to be laid before our Conference, which met soon thereafter at Chr. Herr's, Lancaster county, Pa. Here it was resolved that a committee of four brethren from our Church, meet alike committee ap- pointed by the Albright brethren, for the purpose of uniting, if practicable, the two societies. The breth- ren on our part, were Christian Crum, Christian Newcomer, Joseph Hoffman and Jacob Baulus. On the part of the Albrights, were George Miller, John Walter, John Dresbach and Henry Neible. These brethren met near New Berlin, Pa., Nov. 11, 1813, and after consulting for several days, the intended object of the meeting failed. The name of Mr. Albright was then dear to some, and they on their part felt a reluctance to give it up entirely. On our part it was intimated that the name of no man should be distinctive of a christian Church. Second objection on their part, was to the example of feet washing, (according to our disci- pline.) This was viewed by them in a less favora- ble light. The last, and to them the most impor- tant objection to a union, was this: The fact that our discipline makes no distinction between the trav- eling and local ministry, as being equal members of the Annual and other Conferences. This being a fundamental article of our Church economy, our delegates were not authorized, nor were they wil- 144 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ling to change the same as the basis of a union, and they on their part would not agree to admit the local preacher to a seat and voice in the Annual Confer- ence. This third item was a sine qua non with them; and thus ended this well meant scheme for union with the Albrights. In this last item, why illiberal and partial to apart of the ministry ? Why draw a line of distinction where the scriptures make none? Titus 1: 7, 8, 9. In this, as well as some other disciplinary rules, Mr. Albright may have followed too closely the Church from whence he came. And thus on unten- able ground, many Churches are unhappily kept assunder, and thus hinder the diffusion of the spirit of christian friendship and love. Every good and liberal minded man, must confess and lament this as a misfortune. This spirit has not been confined to a few, but governs many ministers. It is no part of holiness — it is human nature and part of "its moral defects. The gospel itself is all pure. Je- sus the author of it, the most generous and amiable in all his precepts. But alas ! these lovely precepts may be forgotten or perverted, and the will of man substituted in their stead. Conduct like this, can not be sufficiently lamented and deplored. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 145 CHAPTER XV. Discipline — various efforts to form and publish a printed discipline — First General Conference — The sky not entirely clear — clouds pass away — Confession of faith and rules of discipline adopted — Remarks on the confession of faith — Remarks on the section in reference to Bishops — On Secret Societies — On Slavery. DISCIPLINE. The disciplinary rules which governed the Church from the first Conference held in Baltimore, 1789, up to 1815, the reader will not be displeased to find here in chief, although noticed before, comprising the confession of faith, (same as in discipline,) and the following rules. (a.) That no one, be he a preacher or lay mem- ber, can be a member of this Church, who should be found to lead an offensive life. — (1 Tim. 3: 1-3. 1 Cor; 5: 13. (p.) To keep the Sabbath day holy: and attend divine worship. (c.) To attend class or prayer-meeting, once a week. (d.) That none be received into the Church, who is not resolved to flee the wrath to come, and by faith and repentance, to seek his salvation in Christ, and be resolved willingly to obey the disciplinary rules which are now observed for good order, yet always excepted that such rules are founded on the 146 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF Word of God, as the only unerring guide of faith and practice. (e.) That a neglect of class and prayer-meetings by any one, after being twice or thrice admonished, without manifest amendment, (sickness or absence from home excepted,) excludes such from the Church. (f.) Every member to abstain from all backbiting and evil speaking. — (1 Pit. 2: 1. Ja. 4: 11.) The transgressor in the first instance, to be admonished privately, but the second time to be reproved in the class-meeting. (g.) For as much as the difference of people and denominations end in Christ — (Rom. 10: 12. Col. 3: 11,) and availeth nothing, but a new creature — (Gal. 6: 13-16,) it becomes our duty and privilege according to the gospel, to commune with, and ad- mit professors of religion to the Lord's table without partiality. (h') That each member strive to lead a quiet and godly life, lest he give offense, and fall into the condemnation of the adversary — (Math. 5: 14-16. (i.) ' All offences between members, shall be dealt with in strict conformity to the precepts of our Lord — (Math. 18: 15-18.) (/.) Should a preacher or elder be accused of any known immorality, and upon the testimony of two or three creditable witnesses, he being present, the charge be proven against him, he will be imme- diately suspended, and until he gives proof of true repentance, and make open confession to the socie- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 147 ty, he remains excluded from the Church. The same rule shall be observed against members of the Church, who shall be found guilty of immoral con- duct— (1 Cor. 5: 11-13. Tim. 5: 20.) Observe, these rules Mr. Otterbein preferred to the general rules of the Methodists, which were urged by Bro. Henry Weidner, and some others, on Otterbein, to translate and adopt at an early day. Of this Mr. Asbury remarks in his Journal: " Otterbein, one of the wisest and best of men, could only approve." And we add for reasons best known to himself, did not think proper to adopt, in preference to his own sense of scripture rules, for the guidance of his German brethren. It will be readily perceived that the rules just named, embrace the elements essential to constitute a christian Church, and are highly expressive of the moral purity requisite for membership. Neverthe- less it is clearly seen, that they are deficient, or lack in some points. No express provision being made for the execution of these rules, in all the Churches in our charge. In carrying out these rules — for they were closely observed — experience pointed out the want of a prescribed and uniform mode of ac- tion ; also the great necessity of some additional rules for the regulation of Conferences; the recep- tion of preachers; their duties and support; the eligibility to elders orders ; and above all, to lay down as a disciplinary rule and test, to the motive and ministerial character among us, the Apostolic injunction to Titus 1st chapter, 7th to 9th verse. 148 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1814 Hitherto, (to 1815,) the rules as enforced by Wm. Otterbein, had remained in an imprinted form. And this in addition, was another want which had been seriously felt, and had pressed with weight upon the Church. For some time attempts had been made to remedy these deficiencies, and to bring the subject before the several Annual Conferences for action. The Conference in the east, met at Hagerstown, in Maryland, May 24th, 1814. Here the demand for an improved and printed discipline, was under consideration, and two manuscript copies were laid on the table, one by Bro. Christopher Grosh, and the other by Bro. C. Newcomer. A General Confer- ence was anticipated, but no definite action was had in the premises, from a desire to consult the Conference in the west, which was to meet at the house of Bro. Andrew Zeller, near Germantown, O., August 23d, 1814. Bro. C. Newcomer was reques- ted to call the attention of that Conference to the contemplated plan of a General Conference, to be held the ensuing year, leaving the mode for the elec- tion of delegates to the Miami Conference to deter- mine. This Conference most cheerfully took up the subject, and recommended that the members which were to meet in General Conference, should be elected from among the preachers from all parts of the Church, by a majority of the votes of the members in the Church. The election was accordingly held, and the fol- 1815 THE UNITED BRETHREN TN CHRIST. 149 lowing brethren were returned. (See also Disci- pline.) PENNSYLVANIA. MARYLAND. Abraham Mayer, C. Newcomer, Henry Kumler, Jacob Baulus^ John Snyder, Abraham Draksel, Christian Berger. VIRGINIA. OHIO. Chr. Crum, Andrew Zeller,. Isaac Niswander, A. Hiestand, H. G. Spayth. Daniel Tryer, George Benedum. These delegates met at John Bonnet's School- house, near Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland county,. Pa., June 6th, 1815. The Conference was opened by Bro. A. Zeller, reading a portion of Scripture, and prayer. Jacob Baulus and H. G. Spayth, were chosen Secretaries, and C. Newcomer and A. Zeller elected Presidents Pro Tern. This being the first General Conference, elected under somewhat peculiar circumstances, and meet- ing for a purpose in a measure, new and untried in the history and progress of this Church; and having so lately been deprived of the support and counsel of the wisest and the best, who had exercised the oversight of the Church, to the time of their depar- ture, whose counsel was law, but that law was love, much embarrassment for a time was manifest. 150 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF Others, wise and good, the Church still had. True, these might fill the office of those who had gone home ; but not their place. The seat might be oc- cupied, but the place was vacant. This was never before, nor since, as deeply and visibly felt, as at the opening, and for the first two days of that Gen- eral Conference. Nor will we disguise the truth, the sky was not exactly clear, a heavy atmosphere would ever and anon press and swell the bosom, and then came ruf- fling breezes, and sharp words. This could not last long. The darkening clouds which hung over the Conference, must be cleared away — a calm atmosphere and a clear sky, could not be dispensed with — a pause ensued. The Conference agreed to humble themselves before God in prayer — and such a prayer-meeting your humble servant never wit- nessed before nor since! Brethren with streaming eyes embraced and thanked God ! From that hour to the end, unanimity and love smiled joyously on that assembly. Permit a special notice here: Nothing perhaps was anticipated with greater certainty by any dele- gate in going to that Conference, than that the meeting should take place in the sweetest and most humble subordination to each other, each es- teeming his brother higher than himself, and worthy of more honor. But the spirit of the chil- dren of Zebedee and their mother, is still visible on such occasions, and never more so than when wise and good rulers, either in Church or state, are remo- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 151 ved by death. For who should have sufficient wis- dom, who should be so well qualified to take the helm, and guide the vessel safely as the Zebedees ? And should a doubt be raised, they are ready to an- swer, we are able. Our last word when we made the digression, was, smiled joyously on that assembly. Here were dear brethren who had stood long, and stood firmly in the cause of God and man. The spirit of ambition had vanished, its shadow was seen no more. The brethren, it was manifest, had but one eye, one ear, one soul, one great thought, and that was to form a discipline, containing the fewest sections or divis- ions practicable, and in as few words as the grave sub- ject would admit of, in order to convey the sense and meaning of Church rules, as held by the United Brethren in Christ. After mature deliberation, the Conference found it good and expedient to deliver the confession of faith and rules of discipline to the Church, in love and humility, with the sincere desire, that the doctrine and rules, together with the word of God, might be attended to, and strictly observed. These rules have been in the Church, and before an intelligent and well judging christian community, for a number of years since their adoption, — have been seen and read by many out of the Church, and no doubt by all in the Church, and we are hap- py to say, they have been favorably received, and have met with very general approbation. And although they have since been submitted for 152 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF there-examination and improvement of every suc- ceeding General Conference, they have passed through them all with little or no material variation, including a period of nearly forty years, and ten General Conferences. On the confession of faith we remark, on the con- cluding part, First: " Of baptism." The fathers held that there are three distinctive baptisms noticed in scripture. Of water baptism, they affirmed that it may be administered by immersion, effusion, or pouring. That it may be administered to adults and infants. But they did not view it in the light of a saving ordinance. Secondly: The baptism of the Holy Ghost, conse- quent on faith true repentance, and the remission of sin. And thirdly: The baptism of suffering, to which many saints have been called in every age of the Church, and from which few christians, — being truly such — if any, are entirely exempt. No con- troversy, nor exclusiveness on the mode of baptism can find room among us. The highest honor and best respect which men can pay to the ordinance of baptism under any form, we hold is a life distin- guished for piety, and love to God and man. It may be justly expected that some few remarks should be made, on some parts at least, of the disci- pline of the Brethren Church, parts that have been identified with her rise and progress, and which she adopted, because she believed them to be just ; but which of late years have assumed an importance THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 153 under the force of certain circumstances, with which, however, we had nothing to do. And these distinctive parts of her disciplinary rules, have given the Brethren Church a position, as we trust, firm as a rock, and saved her from that tumult and commotion, which have so seriously and painfully affected the peace, harmony and purity of many Churches, and of which the end is not yet seen. May our sympathy and our prayer for their peace and prosperity, be fervent and sincere, not for- getting to be vigilant on our part, lest we fall. The next in order is the constitution of the disci- pline. The first item we notice, is Bishops and their election. By the term Bishop, we simply mean an officer in the Church for the time being, who is elec- ted by the General Conference from among the El- ders in the Church, who have stood in that capacity six years. The term for which they are elected, is four years. Their duty is to attend the several Annual Con- ferences, and to preside in said Conferences, but have no vote, except a casting vote on a tie. They, with two Elders chosen by Conference, appoint the presiding Elders to their districts, and the circuit preachers to their circuits, in connection with the presiding Elders, and an equal number of preach- ers chosen by Conference for that purpose. They also, assisted by two Elders, perform the ordination service. Thus it is with us an office not of rank, but of duty. We advocate the parity of ministers strictly so, and discard the so called " divine right" 11 154 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF of Bishops, and ministerial imparity as anti-scriptu- ral. We acknowledge no diocesan Bishop ; yet we would not turn from the term Bishop, or disdain to use it in a scriptural sense. In any other sense we do not use it. We have but one ordination, understanding the term Elder, Presbyter, Bishop, as names for the same office, requiring the same qualifications, gifts and graces, and without which qualifications, gifts and graces, no consecration or induction into the office of the ministry, would be considered valid by the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. Another important item in the Constitution, is found in Section 7, which reads: " There shall be no connection with secret com- binations, nor shall involuntary servitude be tolera- ted in any way in the Church. "" Discipline Section 31, says a secret society — " is one whose initiatory ceremony or bond of union, is a secret." From the commencement, the Brethren Church discountenanced secret societies, and refused to re- ceive members of such, however unexceptionable in every other respect, into the Church except on one condition viz: separation from secret orders. It is not the place here to enter into the reasons at large which we as a Church have, for holding no fraternal relation with any one, who at the same time is con- nected with a secret order of men. We do not wish to magnify ourselves against any man or associa- tion of men, but it is sufficient for us to know, that a christian Church is one thing, and a secret fraterni- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 155 ty quite another thing. Neither the men belong- i ng to such an order, nor the order itself could suffer loss by being connected with a christian Church. But not so with the Church. Any, and every such connection, has proved a hurt, and inflicted a dead- ly wound on any and every Church which has allow- ed or winked at this strange connection. It is to such Churches as the leprosy of Gehazi! We have not coveted the Syrian's silver, nor changes of garment, and saved the Church ! Section 32, Discipline. " All slavery in every sense of the word, is totally prohibited, and shall in no way be tolerated in our Church," &c, &c. Involuntary servitude, (except for crime,) has al- ways been condemned by our Church. Never, at any period, did the brethren Church view it in any other light, than as oppressive and unjust. It always testified decidedly against the system, giving it no countenance, neither receiving nor encourag- ing a holder of slaves to unite with the Church. Otterbein and Guethingboth living in Maryland, a slave State, — showed it no favor, neither did they make war with it, but guarded the Church against this sin of sins, "and garments rolled in sweat and blood." This, was one reason why the Brethren Church in Maryland and Virginia, continued to be limited, and even to this day is comparatively confined to the western portions of those States. The wonder is, how the Church has continued to exist there at all. 156 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF But there she is, if not numerous, yet strong ; as unknown, and yet well known. We forbear making any other remarks illustrative of our disciplinary rules. Should any reader not having them, be desirous to know them more fully, we would respectfully refer such to the book itself, containing them. It is a very small book — can be had of any of our preachers, and costs but 12£ cents. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 157 CHAPTER XVI. Why have the United Brethren remained in a great measure, unknown to the English community — United Brethren labored first among the Germans — Success among the English — General Conference of 1817 — General Conference of 1821 — An act passed onSlavery — on ardent spirits — Election of Bishops — John Kline, and Abraham Draksel. It is time that another question should be attend- ed to. Why have the United Brethren in Christ remain- ed in a great measure, unknown to a majority of the people within our United States ? Ans. The Brethren Church has been known as has been seen in the State of Pennsylvania, in part of Maryland and Virginia, since 1760, and in the State of Ohio in part, since 1803. In Indiana from her early settlement, and also some parts of Ken- tucky. Secondly: Otterbein, Boehm and Guething, as has been noticed, were Germans, and none of them ever preached in the English language. Their call in the gospel was to the German people and Churches, and to these the labors and preaching of the brethren continued to be confined with but little exception, until about the year 1825, when she found herself constrained to give way to the use of the English language more fully. The reason for so doing, the kind reader may 158 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF have already foreseen, but permit it to be named: the English is the language of our nation, gov- ernment and schools. The education of the Ger- man youth, was obtained more and more in English schools from year to year, until the German schools were nearly, or quite extinct. And although the brethren saw ancj felt this to their loss, yet such was the force of habit and custom, that they were slow to depart from it. This tardiness caused the Brethren Church to lose many valuable members, in whose awakening and conversion, they had been instru- mental. Even some of their own children, for want of preaching among us in the English language, united with other societies. And when the impor- tance of the English language was admitted, it re- quired time to diffuse it generally and exten- sively, and it is comparatively but a few years since the English language has had the ascendency among us as a Church, and has thus given the breth- ren a religious relation with their English neighbors. Hence the inquiry is not with the Germans, but with the English people, when our preachers first come among them, — "who are you as a Church? when and where did you originate ?" This para- graph is not penned to answer the inquiry, as that in the preceding pages has been done, but to give the reason why we have not made our acquaintance with the English community as a christian Church, at an earlier period in our history. Perhaps this was reserved in the All-wise arrangement of an overruling Providence, to take place as it has, and 1821 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 159 is now taking place at this hour of the gospel light and day. We could perhaps, assign some reasons for this Providence; and the sequel will show that since the brethren extended their gospel labors be- yond the German population, they have had a great and effectual door opened unto them, with and among the English people and Churches. Our English brethren in the ministry have had much to encourage and to cheer them in their ardu- ous labors, in all of which they have realized the rich and profuse mercies of God in the conversion of many souls, and in planting and establishing many happy and permanent societies in the Church.* The General Conference held 1815, resolved that the next General Conference meet in Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland county, Pa., the first Monday in June, 1817. and thereafter once every four years. This Conference met accordingly, continued C. Newcomer and Andrew Zeller, Bishops to the next General Conference, but made no change in the dis- ciplinary rules. The third General Conference of the United Brethren in Christ, met at Bro. Dewalt Mechlins, Fairfield county, Ohio, May 15th, 1821. PENNSYLVANIA CONFERENCE. MEMBERS PRESENT Samuel Huber, I William Brown, | Michael Bear, George Guething, | Daniel Pfeifer ] [three absent. * Yes, blessed be God ! Our hearts are daily cheered by the abun- dant success which a gracious God grants unto us in our English fields of labor. Thousands annually are induced through our humble instrumentality, to taste and see that the Lord is good. [*Ed. 160 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1821 MUSKINGUM CONFERENCE. MEMBERS PRESENT. Michael Bortsfield, | Abraham Forney. | [two absent. MIAMI CONFERENCE. MEMBERS PRESENT. Lewis Cramer, N. Havens 3 G. Benedum, Joseph Hoffman, Henry J. Frey, Henry Evinger, Henry Kumler, A. Bontzler, John McNamer. John G. Pfrimer This year, John Kline and Abraham Drakseldied. Bro. Kline had traveled but a few years, and was suddenly called to cease from his labors while trav- eling the Westmoreland circuit, Pa. He was yet young in life, humble and strictly pious. From a letter written to a sister of his, about four weeks previous to his death, he anticipated his de- parture, telling his sister that ere that letter would reach her, his spirit would be in heaven ; and so it was. That letter, and the news of his death, reach- ed that sister on one and the same day. Bro. Kline and Draksel were members of the Muskingum Annual Conference. Bro. Abraham Draksel was born in Lebanon county, Pa., 1753. He was brought up in the Am- mish society, it being a seceding branch from the Mennonite. Being an obedient and loving son to his kind parents, and leading a moral, and in the sight of his Ammish brethren, a pious life. In his 26th year he was encouraged by them to take part in preaching, which he did with such grace and abil- ity as he had. Not long after, however, he felt the need of a change of heart, which he found. He THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 161 now attempted to preach this to his brethren, with the hope, he said, that this doctrine of a change of heart, and the news of the joy he experienced, would be well received by them; but it was not so. That the kingdom of God did not consist in external ordinan- ces, but in Justification by faith in Jesus Christ, peace andjoy in the Holy Ghost, they could, or would not understand. And after having admonished him for the third time, and he continuing in preaching it with power, they by a special deputation, enjoined silence upon him. He said when the elders of the Ammish society had done this, he felt such eomfort and peace of mind, as he had never enjoyed nor felt, before. His gospel labors proved a blessing to many, and spread much by his energetic efforts in the cause of God. In the year 1804, he removed with his family west of the Allegheny mountains, and settled him- self near Mt. Pleasant, in Westmoreland county. From here he made frequent visits into the State of Ohio. Bro. DrakseFs name will long live, and be cherished by many in and out of the Church. His life was blameless. His countenance was an index of the grace and spirit that dwelt within. With his fine silvery beard, he resembled the Patriarchs of old. He was a pattern of piety, a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men. His end was joy and peace. 162 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ABRAHAM DftAKSEL, DEPARTED THIS LIFE IN THE MONTH OF FEBRUARY 1825; Aged 72 years. PREACHED IN THE BRETHREN CHURCH FORTY-THREE YEARS. An act was passed by this Conference. (1821,) more expressive of the views of the Church on Slave- ry, which we will give as found in the discipline printed by order of General Conference, held 1825. Resolved, That all Slavery in every sense of the word, be totally prohibited, and in no way tolerated in our Church. Should some be found in our Church, or others desire to be admitted as members who hold slaves, they can neither continue to be members, or be ad- mitted as such, except they do manumit such slaves wherever the law of the State shall permit it, or submit the case to the Quarterly Conference, to be by them specified, what length of time such slave shall serve his master or other person, until the amount paid for him, or for raising him, be compen- sated to his master. But in no case shall a member of our Church be permitted to sell a slave. On ardent spirits the following action was had: That no member of the Church shall be allowed to carry on a distillery, and that distillers be reques- ted to willingly cease the business. That this re- solve be laid before the several Annual Conferences, 1821 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 163 that it shall be the duty of the preachers to labor against the cause and sad effects of intemperance during the interval of this, and the next General Conference, when this subject shall again be taken up for further consideration. ELECTION OF BISHOPS. Christian Newcomer was re-elected, and Joseph Hoffman was elected in place of Andrew Zeller, who by reason of the infirmities of age, could not travel to the Annual Conferences. May 17th, and last day of the session, Conference met pursuant to adjournment, and its first business was the ordination of Joseph Hoffman to the office of a Bishop, which was a solemn and a blessed season. To God be all the glory: Amen. 164 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OP 1825 CHAPTER XVII. General Conference of 1825 — Questions proposed to candidates for th© ministry — Ordination of Bishops omitted — Salary of Bishops — Delegates appointed to attend certain Conferences of the M. E. Church — Salary of preachers — Persecution — John G. Pfrimer — close of his life — Biographic Sketch of Abraham Mayer. General Conference met at Jacob Shaubs, Tus- carawas county, Ohio, May 7th, 1825. Christian Newcomer, Joseph Hoffman, Bishops. PENNSYLVANIA CONFERENCE. MEMBERS PRESENT. Abraham Myer, John Hildt, Jacob Daub, Daniel Pfeifer, "William Brown. MUSKINGUM CONFERENCE. MEMBERS PRESENT. H. G. Spayth, Henry Errett, James Johnston, J. Crum, Christian Berger. MIAMI CONFERENCE. MEMBERS PRESENT. Henry Kumler, Sr., Henry J. Fry, Jacob Antrim, John Fetterhoff, Samuel Hiestand, Nathaniel Havens, Andrew Zeller, John G. Pfrimer, George Hoffman, Dewalt Machlin, William Ambrose, William Steward. These Conferences, like the Annual Conferences are opened always with a suitable address by the THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 165 presiding officer, the reading of a chapter from the scriptures, singing and prayer. The election of one or two of the members for secretaries. The adoption of rules to govern the session of Conference for the time being. When properly organized, the first business in or- der is, the reading of discipline, and revision if need be, as the reading progresses. At this Conference the last eight lines of section first, in the Discipline, were added; but that the rea- der may fully understand the sense we quote the paragraph entire, which reads, (translated correctly:) " We are convinced that the outward means of grace, viz: baptism and the remembrance of the sufferings and death of our Lord Jesus Christ, are to be practised by all christian Churches, and that it is incumbent on the children of God specially to practise them; but the mode and manner ought al- ways to be left to the judgment and understanding of every individual. Likewise the example of washing feet is left free to practice or omit. (Added,) Nevertheless it is not becoming any of our preach- ers, to speak lightly of any of his brethren, whose judgment and understanding (credenda) in this res- pect should be different from his own, neither in public nor in private, to depreciate the mode and manner in which a brother may practice the same. Whosoever shall make himself guilty in this respect, shall be accounted a traducer of his brethren, and shall therefore be answerable for the same." The Scioto Annual Conference set off. 166 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF The questions to persons proposed as preachers, were by this Conference improved, by striking out those formerly used, and inserting the questions as they stand in our present discipline, Section 6, and are the following: — Ques. " Have you known God in Christ Jesus to be a sin pardoning God ? Have you now peace with God, and is the love of God shed abroad in your heart by the Holy Spirit? Do you follow after holiness ? Do you believe the Bible to be the word of God; and that therein is contained the true way to our salvation ? What foundation have you for this belief? What is your motive for desiring permission to preach the gospel ? What is your knowledge of faith, of depravity, (added since,) of repentance, justification, sanctifica- tion and redemption? Does your own salvation, and the salvation of your fellow mortals, lie nearer to your heart than all other things in the world ? Can you subject yourself to the counsel of your brethren ? Are you satisfied with our Church government? (added since.) Will you be obedient and ready to speak or hold your peace, as your brethren may think expedi- ent ? Are you willing, as much as is in your power,, to 1825 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 167 assist in upholding the itinerant plan, and support- ing the same as much as possible ? Ordination of Bishops in future, omitted. " Resolved, That as the newly elected Bishop has already been ordained by the imposition of hands, as an Elder in the Church, a second ordination is deemed not essential to the duties of a Bishop, nor do we find a scripture precedent for a second or third ordination." This Conference inserted a clause into the disci- pline, that once a year a public collection shall be received at each appointment on every circuit, for the support of the traveling Bishops, limiting a Bishop if married, to $160; if single, to $80, per annum, and traveling expenses. Until this time, the traveling Bishops had received no pecuniary aid from the Church. Messengers appointed to attend certain Conferen ces named, of the Methodist E. Church. Since the friendly relation which had existed be- tween the United Brethren in Christ, and the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, and which in an unhappy hour, had been broken off, or informally withdrawn by the M. E. Church ; it is not to be supposed nor inferred, that that pure love which filled the hearts of many in both Churches, had suffered loss or burned less brightly. No ! Brethren still loved, and with undiminishing ardor, stimulated by the hope, that the correspondence would be resumed be- tween the Conferences. But years passed, and none came from either Church. 168 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF The present General Conference resolved that, two Elders be sent to each of three of the M. E. Annual Conferences, and for this purpose appoin- ted Henry Kumler Sr., and John McNamer, to the Ohio ; Christian Newcomer and John Hildt, to the Baltimore; Joseph Hoffman and H. G. Spayth, to the Pittsburgh Annual Conferences. The object of which, was to renew the former compact between the two Churches, indulging in 1 the hope that such a re- newal would be acceptable to many of our much be- loved, and dearly esteemed brethren in the M. E. Church. But no report was made by these messen- gers to the General Conference next ensuing. Christian Newcomer and Henry Kumler Sr., elec- ted Bishops for the four ensuing years. Next General Conference to meet at Dewalt Mechlins, near Lancaster, Ohio, May 15th, 1829. The time these Conferences were in session, were as follows: The General Conference of 1815, was in session five days; that in 1817, three days; that in 1821, four days; and the present one, 1825, three days; and that held in 1829, was in session four days. How much can men do in a short space of time, who are willing to understand each other, with a spirit of subordination, and brotherly affection, and where pure love entwines her flowery wreath among the interstices of debate ; there angels may glide unseen, and smile, and clap their wings with joy, and entice one to pray — Lord — evermore give us such Conferences. How blessed are they that live THE UNITED BRETHREN TN CHRIST. 169 in the golden age of a nation, a people, or a Church. We have stated that the preachers were limited from $80 to $160 per year. This is to be under- stood, as the most one might justly receive, but how much less than that sum next to 00, had the brethren preachers been subjected to, in the history of our Church for many years, cannot be known at this time. This much we do know, that brethren traveled and preached extensively for years, and received less than fifty, and some less than twenty dollars a year ; and these brethren had rising fami- lies, and were by no means in affluent circumstan- ces. Not that these men preached to a poverty stricken people, but the reverse ; yet so it was, whether through ignorance or conscientious scruples, the preacher among the Germans received little or nothing. He that then would preach the gospel, must do it without money or price. The harvest was great, the laborers were few; those were times which tried men's faith, causing sore conflicts, and placed the early ministers often in straightened circumstances ; yet they were ena- bled to say — "The Lord has delivered us out of them all." An impression has prevailed with some, that the preachers of the Church were rich. This was true of a few of them, others were but in, limited circum- stances, and yet others had still less. " Those "who think that the gospel can be success- " fully preached, sinners alarmed, awakened and 12 170 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF " converted to God, missions and circuits formed, " amidst a host of opposers and gainsayers ; oppo- " sed by a wicked world, as a matter of course ; " opposed by far the largest class of nominal pro- cessors of this very religion of Jesus Christ; op- " posed by a proud and bigoted clergy on one side, " and on the other by a good-meaning, but ignorant " and benighted class of preachers ; we say if any "man thinks that the Brethren Church, or any other "Church under the same circumstances, could cause " her voice to be heard, — could arise and shine, " and the men whom the Lord had called to this " work, suffer no earthly loss, make no great sacrifi- " ces, had not both to labor and suffer reproach, " and who are accounted by all opponents as sheep u for the slaughter. We say again, should any one " think that this could be done, and the preachers " swim in wealth; he must conceive a chimera more " absurd than the prince who persuaded himself, " that his marble palace had been reared by the " tiny hands of fairies." " May 13th, 1801. This day we (G. A. Guething, John Hershey, and C. Newcomer,) came to Carlisle, Pa., and preached at night in the Methodist Meeting- house. We had a blessed meeting ; many were fill- ed with the love of God, which was not the least surprising to us; but what surprised us, was the persecution which prevailed in this place to a great extent. Only a few days since, a preacher on his way home from divine service, was knocked down in the street ; and last night a young man was dread- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 171 fully maltreated and injured, (for the same cause,) and lies now dangerously ill." — Newcomers Jour- nal. As late as 1819, the minister of a certain German orthodox Church, suffered his aged father to be shut out from the School-house where he (the fath- er,) was teaching at the time, because the father and praying mother of this son of the gospel, had attached themselves to the Brethren Church. John G. Pfrimer died this year 1825, at his home in Harrison county, Indiana. He was present at the General Conference held at Jacob Shaubs, for 1825 — appeared to be in good health — preached with his usual clearness and power. Bro. Henry Bonebrake who was with father Pfrim- er in the last months and days of his life, said to the writer, that Bro. Pfrimer preached if possible, with more life and energy than ever, — saying that his " race was run, having assurance (to use his own words,) that he was going to the great assembly in. heaven," that his hope in his Redeemer was firm, affording him great joy as eternity drew near, and that while he was uttering these words, his coun- tenance beamed as with a light, which was visible upon him in death. Truly blessed are they that die in the Lord. 172 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF THUS THIS SERVANT OF THE LORD CEASED TO LABOR, AND TO LIVE ON EARTH, IN THE SIXTY-FOURTH- YEAR OF HIS AGE. SPENT IN THE MINISTRY THIRTY-FIVE YEARS. 1825.. One name more, justly merits a place here ; that of Abraham Mayer, of Cumberland county, Pa. r who stood as a pillar in the cause of God. Bro. A. Mayer united himself with the United Brethren in Christ, in 1796. He began preaching, about the same time, and continued, until laid on a bed of sickness, where he lingered and suffered pa- tiently, until his release came. In person, Bro~ Mayer was of a prepossessing, appearance, in dress a Mennonite, in heart and life, an Israelite indeed ; possessing a strong and cultivated mind. In prayer it was evident that he had power with. God, in preach- ing, he reminded one always of an Elijah of old,, stern in his reproofs, and uncompromising in his dealings with sin. He loved the cause of his divine Master, and adorned it with a most exemplary and holy life, giving much of his time to preaching, and of his substance, to raise and build up the Churchy to which he was as a father. His house was a preaching house for many years, and frequent big meetings were held there. The THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 173 first in that place was held in May, 1798. Boehm, Draksel, Pfrimer andNewcomer were there. It was a great-good meeting, and the day of eternity will reveal the result. As this meeting was held within three miles of that Carlisle, where there then was a violent opposition, the spirit of enmity extended to the neighborhood of Bro. Mayers. But his pru- dence, his faith and confidence in God, enabled him to maintain his ground, and sustain the Church which had gathered around him at that perilous time. Never was he known to shrink from attend- ing to the arduous duties which the Church frequent- ly desired him to perform. In the year 1813, he had a chain of appointments given out for him ; the first of which was 45 miles from his home. When within 4 or 5 miles of the place of meeting, he inquired at a respectable farm house, the road and the distance to Mr. K.'s. The Lady of the house came to the door, and after giv- ing the desired, information — from a word which he accidentally spoke, the Lady wished to know whether ke was the man who was expected to preach at K.'e Ans. Yes. But you do not look like our preachers, who are you ? What Church do you belong to ? Ans. The United Brethren. But she said to her husband, that she understood the stranger to say converted brethren, repeating the words converted brethren, again and again, re- marking, who ever heard of the converted Brethren Church. 174 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF But said the husband, you must have misunder- stood the man. No! The Lady insisted she thought she had not, that he had said they were called the converted brethren. " Now," said she, " this is very strange; supposing we go to the meeting," — and so they went. The Lady said she was resolved to hear what a converted preacher would preach, expecting to hear something either to amuse or to ridicule. But conviction ensued from what she heard, and the word converted wrung in her ears all the while — which resulted in the conversion of herself and her husband, and thence spread in their neighborhood. And yet this man and his wife, had in their youth been catechised and confirmed. This is but a case out of a thousand, where under catechetical instructions and trainings, the youth- ful subjects, nevertheless, remain in profound igno- rance of the cause, the nature, and the necessity of the new birth, and as ignorant of the truth of the converting power of God, by a happy experience, as if it was no part of the doctrine of Jesus Christ. O ye Pastors, is it possible that the hungry sheep look up, and are not fed. Come to Calvary's holy mountain , Sinners ruined by the fall ! Here a pure and healing fountain, Flows to you — to me — to all — In a full perpetual tide, Opened when the Saviour died. He was a member of the first General Conferen ce THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 175 also a delegate in 1825, where we saw him for the last time. Oh the flight of time, and with it we suf- fer the loss of dear and, valuable friends. ABRAHAM MAYER DEPARTED THIS LIFE NOVEMBER 28, 1826, IN THE SIXTY-FOURTH YEAR OF HIS AGE. A FAITHFUL PREACHER AND SERVANT OF JESUS, FOR THIRTY YEARS. 176 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1829 CHAPTER XVIII. General Conference of 1829 — Presiding Elders to be elected for one year — Close of the life of Bishop Newcomer — General Confer- ence of 1833 — Affirmation — The Telescope — Constitution. General Conference of the United Brethren in Christ, met at Dewalt Mechlins, Fairfield county, Ohio, May 15th, 1829. Christian Newcomer, Henry Kumler, Bishops. MEMBERS PRESENT. PENNSYLVANIA CONFERENCE. William Brown, Henry Burtner, Jacob Erb, John Hendricks, Thomas Miller, John Zahn, Simon Dresbach, Ezekial Bowring. John Crum, John Hildt, Joseph Hoffman, George Benedum Elijah Collins John Russel. MUSKINGUM CONFERENCE. John Bash [two absent. SCIOTO CONFERENCE. John Coons, James Kenny, James Ross. MIAMI CONFERENCE. H. J. Frey, John McNamer, Jacob Flickinger, George Bonebrake, J. Antrim, Andrew Zeller, John Denham, John Fetterhoff, Aaron Farmer, F. Whitcom. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 177 Conference was opened by Bishop Newcomer reading a portion of scripture, singing and prayer. John Hildt and Thomas Miller, Sec'y. Virginia and Indiana Annual Conferences, were set off. Resolved, That in future, the Presiding Elders be elected for the term of one year. Four years had been the former time. The account of the Benevolent Fund Societies, was called for, and on examination it was found that the Society in Maryland had in its treasury, $ 1134,47; in Ohio, $ 717,45. This Conference by a vote of 23 yeas against 4 nays, made the Benevolent Society in the State of Ohio, auxilliary to that located at Hagerstown in the State of Maryland. On the fourth day of the session, C. Newcomer and Henry Kumler Sr., re-elected Bishops. And on the fifth day, in love and peace, Confer- ence adjourned. 1830, Brings us to the demise of Bishop C. New- comer, he being in the 82 year of his age. On the 10th of April, 1829, the Pennsylvania Conference closed its session in love and peace. On the 11th, Newcomer took a tender and affection- ate leave of the family of his son Andrew's, and friends, and set out once more for the State of Ohio. On the 28th, the same month, he met the Musking- um Conference ; and on the 11th of May, the Scioto Conference; and on the 15th, the General Confer- 178 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ence commenced at Harmans, Pleasant Run, Fair- field county Ohio. Of this he writes: " Conference proceeded to the election of two Bishops, and on counting the ballots,, it appeared that Henry Kumler and myself, were re-elected. O Lord ! give me grace and strength to discharge my duty" In the year 1810, Bro. Newcomer for the first time visited the Brethren in the State of Ohio, — held a Conference at Bro. Michael Criders, Ross county; fifteen preachers being present. The present was the nineteenth, and the last journey of his, across the Allegheny mountains. By reference to bis journal, we find that in this trip to Ohio, and return he spent about eleven weeks, (from the 11th of April, to the 25th of June,) traveled about fifteen hun- dred miles on horse-back, — attended three Annual and one General Conference, with preaching by the way. " Left Jacob Baulus's, Lower Sandusky, and rode 52 miles same day." In 1 828, he being in his eightieth year, attende d no less than eight camp-meetings, engaged in the public exercises at all of them, more or less. These seemed to renew his youth, and he enjoyed them to the glory of God. Daily, and continually, whether in the house or on the high-way, in conversation or meditation, his mind appeared to be rilled with but one thought, and that thought was the salvation of a lost world. To this all his energies were kept in constant exercise and employment. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 179 His mind had no party bias, he knew, or seemed to know, neither this Church nor that Church, to him Christ was all and in all. He delighted in christian liberality and social friendship, and was known to ride more than one hundred miles to a Methodist camp-meeting, where he was sure to meet with a hearty welcome, and with the people of God. In him the needy preacher found a patron and a friend. He would plead their cause before brethren , and was sure not to plead in vain. We have seen him return from a western tour, with less clothing, and ever with less money than he had set out with. Sunday, October 11th, 1829, he says — " I re- mained at home, engaged in reading and prayer. Found my mind drawn out to God, for all my breth- ren in the ministry. My feebleness is increasing ; the strength of my constitution is gone. O Lord ! look on me in mercy, and grant me ability to prove faithful the few remaining days of my present life." November 1st. "This day I am confined to my room, but glory to God, I enjoy a sweet communion with him : solitary, yet not alone. The best of friends, my Saviour,is with me. How blessed is the condition of aged people, when they know that God and Christ is reconciled. If there is any wish or regret in the past, it is that I had served my Lord and Master more faithfully. I pray thee my Re- deemer, to grant me a full pardon, for I am still thy servant." February 21st, 1830, he attented a Quarterly- 180 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1830 meeting in Hagerstown, which was his last meeting with the Church militant. And March 4th, he made the last effort to write a note, and could only write, " Alas ! I find myself not able to write, and lay down my pen, the Lord knows whether I shall ever resume it again. His will be done: Amen — Hal- lelujah !" His weakness and debility now perceptibly in- creased, but never complained of much pain, and without assistance, he would rise from his bed daily, until March 12th, when he requested a young brother who was present, to pray once more, which was done. Newcomer himself, and without aid, arose from his pillow, and with those persons pres- ent, bowed himself at the bed-side, before the throne of his divine Master. After he had prayed, he laid again on his bed, and in a few minutes, calmly and sweetly drew his last breath. Truly, this was dying in the arms of Jesus. CHRISTIAN NEWCOMER, AN EMINENT SERVANT OF CHRIST, WAS BORN IN LANCASTER COUNTY, PA. JANUARY 21, 1749; AND FINISHED HIS COURSE MARCH 12 1830. He exercised his ministry for the space of fifty- three years, with extraordinary zeal. His labors in the gospel were incessant and wide spread. " Mark the pious, and behold the just, for the end of euch is peace." — Psalms xxxvn, 37. 1833 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 181 The United Brethren in Christ met in General Conference, at the Dresbach Church, Pickaway Co., Ohio, May 14th, 1833- Henry Kumler, Bishop. PENNSYLVANIA CONFERENCE. Ezekial Bowring, Jacob Erb, Jacob Snyder r William Brown, James Neiman, Frederick Gilbert. MUSKINGUM CONFERENCE. Henry G. Spayth, Adam Hetzler, Sewel C.Briggs, VIRGINIA CONFERENCE. William Rhinehart, j SCIOTO CONFERENCE. John Eckhart, Christian Kenegy, John Russel, Jacob Baulus, George Ben-edum, Daniel Davis, William Hastings, James Ross, Samuel Hiestand, John Coons. INDIANA CONFERENCE. John Denham, James Griffith, Aaron Farmer, Josiah Davis John McNamer, Francis Whitcom. MIAMI CONFERENCE. Henry Kumler Jr., John FetterhofF, Samuel Hoffman, John Swearingen. W. R. Rhinehart, and H. G. Spayth, Sec'ys. The amount of business which came before this Abraham S. Decker, David Keiser, George Bonebrake, 182 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1833 Conference, exceeded that of any preceding Con- ference, if we except the first. The powers of the General Conference were more clearly defined, in answer to the question, Does the General Conference possess any power which an Annual Conference does not ? Ans. Yes: the General Conference alone, can elect from among the Elders of the Church, one or more Bishops for the ensuing four years, and to make such provisions as may be conducive to the good of the whole Church: Provided, however, that it in no way alter the confession of faith, neither to add to, nor take therefrom. Nor shall any of its acts be so construed, as would in any manner change the meaning spirit, rules and regulations of our discipline as they now stand. Resolved, That the number of delegates sent from each Annual Conference District to the General Conference, be limited to two Elders. AFFIRMATION. We believe that the mode of testifying to the truth, when required so to do in a legal form, by way of affirmation, is on us solemnly, conscientiously and fully binding before God, to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. A year or two previous to the sitting of this Con- ference, a highly respectable citizen in the State of Maryland, was summoned as a witness before a Court of Justice. The Court refused to allow him to affirm, and demanded that he should be sworn. 1833 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 183 The witness replied that conscientiously he could not swear the oath required. The Judge replied, that if the Church of which he was a member, con- tained a disciplinary clause to that effect, the Court would admit him to affirm, if not he must swear which he firmly refused. The Court was about to commit him to jail for contumacy, when the Gen- tlemen at the Bar, prevailed with the Court to let the witness affirm. Hence, the above Section in our Discipline on affirmation, and believing as we do, that swearing by the Bible, or in the name of Almighty God, is contrary to the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, who says, " swear not at all." — Min- utes of General Conference. Henry Kumler Sr., William Brown and Samuel Hiestand elected Bishops. General Conference in 1833, impressed with the importance of having a Church periodical published under its own supervision, a paper [devoted to re- ligious, moral and literary intelligence. Resolved, That subscriptions be circulated in each of our Annual Conference Districts, one to raise a fund, another to obtain subscribers. That the office of said paper be located at Circle- ville, State of Ohio. George Dresbach, Jonathan Dresbach and John Russel, were appointed Trustees to carry the inten- tion expressed in the resolution into effect, and as soon as practicable, to publish or cause to be pub- lished, a paper of the character specified by the re- solve. 184 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF Accordingly the first paper was issued about the first of January, 1835, under the title, The Religious Telescope. W. R. Rhinehart, Editor. From the subscription, but little was received to- wards establishing the press. And the credit sys- tem, (so ruinous to every enterprise of the kind,) at more than one period of the existence of the Relig- ious Telescope, for the first six or seven years, was sufficient to cause an entire failure, leaving the office largely in debt. Its continuance and final success, freeing itself from all its liabilities, we own, is attrib- utable in chief, to the unremitting care, aid and at- tention which the establishment received from its Trustees, and the pecuniary assistance of certain brethren in the Church. The Trustees and Editor, Wm. Hanby, in their report to the General Conference held at Circleville, 1845, urged on the Conference the necessity of adopting the cash principle in future, which report the Conference received and approved, well con- vinced by a painful experience, that the credit sys- tem with which the Telescope had contended from its commencement, by no skill nor prudence of its agents could retrieve its losses, or be prosecuted with any reasonable hope of success. The adoption of the cash principle more than realized the most sanguine hopes of the Church in the present instance. As it is, our Printing Establishment has freed itself from debt, and is at this time, 1851, in a healthy and prosperous condition. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 185 Its subscription list ranges between five and six thousand paying subscribers, and from present pros- pects, will double that number in less than five years. The importance and usefulness of the Press to the Church, is unquestionably great, and guided by wise counsels, must from its own entrinsic value, exercise a controling and beneficial influence on the energies of the Church, which no other means have the power to effect. From the same office is likewise issued semi- monthly, a German paper called the Busy Martha, with a subscription list deserving encouragement, and increase. Sandusky Annual Conference set off by General Conference, 1833. CONSTITUTION. The General Conference held 1837, formed a con- stitution, which in itself contains no new elementary principle, but what the discipline heretofore recog- nized and embraced ; but is a concentration of the fundamental rules, found in the discipline, under ap- propriate sections. The constitution as it is, brings them together under one general head, in a clear and comprehensive manner, first defining certain specific duties; secondly, and wisely, setting limits to legislative and judicial powers. The General Con- ference of 1837 for prudential reasons, caused it to be published, with a proviso that it should be laid over to the sitting of General Conference in 1841, affording the Church an opportunity to instruct the 13 186 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF delegates which might be elected to that Conference, to adopt, amend or reject the same. The Conference of 1841, to which it had been referred, took it up as unfinished business, and with two or three slight amendments, it was finally adop- ted and inserted in its appropriate place in the dis- cipline. This is the constitution referred to in the preceding pages, which is, and ever will be an hon- or to the Church. It will be found in connection with the confession of faith at the close of this volume. Henry Kumler Sr., John Coons and Henry Kum- ler Jr., elected Bishops for four years. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 187 CHAPTER XIX. Christian Grosh — Felix Light — Martin Crider — Christian and Abraham Hershey — Christian Berger — Fourney — Kenegy — Bortsfield — Crum — Lewis Cramer — J. C. McNamer — A. Zel- ler — Jacob Baulus — D. Tryer — H. Kumler — Joseph Hoffman — Concluding Remarks — Confession of faith — Constitution. There remain yet many brethren of whom we cannot speak at large, whose services and position in the Church, would eminently claim for them more than a passing notice here. Men who stood on Zion's walls, and only left their charge when beckoned to come up higher] Here are a few names: Christopher Grosh, greatly beloved and respected, prudent in counsel and mighty In the scriptures, — a peace-maker to many — a co-worker with the brethren for more than forty years ; he too, full of years, was gathered with the elect of God, Felix Light, a giant in stature, and when anima- ted, had a voice like distant thunder, yet meek as a lamb. True, he saw that rest was good, and the land that it was pleasant, but he bowed his shoulder to bear, and his candle shone brightly. His memory is embalmed in Lebanon. Martin Crider, the oldest preacher next to Otter- bein and Boehm, a true Aaronite, a strong pillar in 188 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF the Church edifice ; and the father of John Crider the sweet singer, the sound and laborious preacher, faithful as the father to the end. The two Hersheys, Christian and Abraham, love- ly in youth, serving the Lord, nobly bearing the burden and heat of the day. Their father before them, had opened his house and his substance to the then rising Church, for the preaching of the gospel, and which was continued as such by his children for many years. Christian is in Iowa, Abraham, the lovely, friendly Abraham, hasgone to rest! Christian Berger was received 1802. His preach- ing commenced in Washington county, Pa., where the fruit of his preaching Christ, to use a figure, still waves in succession like a handful of corn on the top of the mountain. His voice was as one crying in the wilderness, erratic and indefatigable in his preaching; he was one of those brethren who en- dured much for the gospel, in weariness, painful- ness and watchings, a man tried in the fire. His hire was the salvation of souls. The great day will present his great reward. West of the Ohio, the Church had Abraham Fourny, C. Kenegy, Matthias Bortsfield, John Crum, men faithful in their calling. Also; George Bene dum, whose life was pure, and his preaching blest; yet his domestic cup was mixed with wormwood. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 189 Had he lived to this day, he might say with Jacob, " It is enough, my children live" — Oh! how adorable are the ways of the Lord. John Smaltz thirty-five years a preacher, esteemed and beloved, was removed in 1847. in the seventy- first year of his age. Lewis Cramer one of the first German preachers in the west, faithful and persevering, a watchman for forty years, departed September 17th, 1847, in his sixty-ninth year J. C. McNamer, a true son of the gospel, deter- mined to march in the front rank of the ministerial army. He chose the frontier country for his field of gospel labors, to forego all sorts of comforts, to range the forest, to carry the gospel to the newly arrived inhabitants, to seek the lost and scattered of Israel, was his employment. No matter how poor or destitute they or himself were. Miami, Indiana, White River and Wabash Conferences, will long be blessed with the increase of his labors. He could say in truth, Nothing' on earth I call my own; A stranger to the world unknown, I all their goods despise; I trample on their whole delight, And seek a City out of sight, A City in the skies. DEPARTED THIS LIFE, 1846; AGED 67 YEARS. IN THE MINISTRY THIRTY-SIX YEARS. 190 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF Andrew. Zeller, who ended his days in the Lord, near Germantown, Ohio, 1839; having seen hie four score years, and near fifty in the service of his Lord and Master. After the demise of Wm. Otterbein, he was elected Bishop in 1815. The duties of this important office, he discharged with ability and sat- isfaction to his brethren, for six years, when the greatdistance to travel (which was then all on horse- back,) to meet the Annual Conferences, had become too burdensome for him. One incident will to a faint degree, illustrate the piety and usefulness of this man of God: While on his official tour in 1815, he had to have a small piece of work done, in the town of M . The mechanic was a worthy man, but would attend no Church, nor hear preaching. While doing this piece of work, he cast a heedless look at Bra. Zellers, who stood not far away, with his hands- folded before him. The man looked the second and the third time, but with feelings which bad begun to steal on him for which he could not account. An- other look, and an arrow shot through his breast- From that moment he had no rest, (the stranger stood ever before him, with folded hands, and as he thought, was praying to God for his poor soul,) till God spoke peace to him. That man has ever since been a consistent christian, has a companion in heaven, and children in the service of God. How- many splendid sermons are preached, but no con- versions. It may be justly inferred, that the case to which THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 191 allusion has been made, and which fell under the authors immediate notice at the time, was but one instance of many of like character, which the Spirit wrought through the same individual. What a contrast between what men call great preachers, and what God approves. One hears the echo of applause; the other is followed by a train of happy souls bound to meet in heaven. We now see through a glass, darkly, fleeting visions pass be- fore and around us, which will prove happy realities when the veil will be lifted, and we see the saints who are the joy and diadem of the true minister, reflecting the light of Jesus Christ. To write a eulogy for Andrew Zeller, and many others, were vain. His remains rest on an elevated spot of land, near Germantown. Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints. There are yet living (1851,) of the members of our first General Conference, Jacob Baulus, Daniel Try- er, Henry Kumler and Joseph Hoffman, the latter being elected from the Maryland District, was by sickness detained in the City of Baltimore, at the time of the session. Of these, Jacob Baulus is the oldest, having pass- ed his four-score years. Bro. Baulus was born in Frederick county, Maryland, — experienced religion in his youth, at the age of eighteen. As a preach- er of the gospel, he was highly distinguished for an exemplary and pious life ; in mind, clear-sighted, comprehensive and correct. He was a near friend 192 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF to Otterbein and Guething ; his preaching proved a blessing to many —he possessed the graces which could subdue the perverse, and unlock the tender passions of the human heart, by presenting gospel truths in their own pure style. To quote an Apos- trophe: "Could all like him the sacred gospel preach, And heavenly truths in heavenly language teach." In the year 1822, Bro. Baulus removed with his family from the State of Maryland, to Lower San- dusky, in the State of Ohio, where he was the first preacher to raise the gospel standard among the few white inhabitants then living at that place, and while the aboriginal race had yet full possession, east and west, of the Sandusky river. The moral and religious influence of theBauluses has been seen and felt progressively, the sum and ex- tent of which, can only be known in the great day. We see Mm who has been a pillar in the Church, a leader, and for half a century in the front of the flock — now left in the rear. He might, but in a much higher sense, say with Jacob of old, " my company before is gone" For the last four years he has been made to suffer under successive paralytic affections, the effects of which, have left him little more than life. Religion is his solace and chief support in the solitude to which by reason of age, bodily infirmity and severe indisposition, he has been reduced; yet we see him joyful in hope, pa- tiently awaiting from morning till evening, and from evening till morning, his Master's call. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 193 Daniel Tryer, a name known for many years, but our sphere of action having been wide apart, we have not had the opportunity to become personally acquainted with him, if we except the General Con- ference in 1815, when he made the most favorable impression on our mind, the traces of which time has not been able to efface. The writer has sought to obtain some account of Bro. Tryer's life, and la- bors in the vineyard of the Lord, but none has been received, and in the absence of a general or partic- ular knowledge of him personally, we are unable to supply the deficiency in this place. Henry Kumler Sr., another surviving member of the General Conference of 1815, formerly from near Greencastle Pa., but for many years a resident of Butler county, Ohio. Elected Bishop in 1825, and re-elected the four succeeding General Conferences, or until the sitting of the General Conference which met in Circleville, 1845, when age and infirmity pre- vented his being continued in that office. No better praise nor historic record of the able ministry of Bro. Kumler, can be traced here, than his being so often re-elected to the office of a Bishop, and we believe as often without a dissenting voice. Much might justly be written of the perseverance, the love, the patience, and more than ordinary hospi- tality of Bro. H. Kumler; but in speaking of those living brethren, we would prefer to speak with deli- cacy and reserve of their ministerial character, 194 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF general usefulness, and abilities as Elders in the Church of Christ. Joseph Hoffman, the last, but not the least name on our list, was born on the 19th of March, 1780, Cumberland county, Pa.. Embraced religion at the age of twenty-one. Obtained license to preach J 803. Became an itinerant preacher the year fol- lowing. Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, were alternately his fields of labor. In Bro. Hoff- man the itinerant preacher was fully exemplified, — in labors abundant even to excess. An originality and inspired power characterized his preaching in a peculiar manner, — sinners wept — believers re- joiced. This joy in the gospel harvest, was never- theless balanced by the burden, the heat, the sweat and fatigue, which like so many ministering angels, waited on the intinerant preacher whether soever he went, and Joseph Hoffman enjoyed the benefit of their constant attendance from 1804, to the year 1812, when and within a month of the Annual Con- ference, the writer met him on his circuit at C. Her- shey's, Lancaster county, Pa., where some six or seven months previous, in a calm atmosphere, the sound of Hoffman's voice had been distinctly heard a mile from the house he preached at ; and yet that voice was not strained, but flowed in unison with the grandeur of the gospel theme. But on the ., present occasion, he arose slowly as one borne down by some unseen weight, and in his effort to speak, that strong voice was reduced to a faintness, the THE UNITED BRETHREN TN CHRIST. 195 book trembled in his hands; this sight, and the few words which he attempted to say, moved the audi- ence to the strongest sympathy; they knew the cause, and felt the more sensibly affected. To human ap- pearance, his health and strength were gone. From this debilitated state he recovered in a good degree, and in 1814, was appointed by Annual Conference to take charge of the Otterbein Church in Baltimore; chosen a delegate to General Conference in 1815 — remained in Baltimore till 1817 — removed with his family to Fairfield county, in the State of Ohio, in 1818 — was elected Bishop in connection with C. Newcomer, 1821, and discharged the duties of a Bishop in the Church, with distinguished ability to the sitting of General Conference, 1825, when he retired with honor from the itinerancy. It is just to remark, that these pages, embracing as they do, near a century, should be received rather as a text book, than a commentary on the subject treated of, leaving the candid reader room for reflec- tions, enlightened by a sound and unbiased judg- ment. It is, as will have been perceived, but an epitome of the progress of a single Church, rising up into being, nurtured by no artificial stimulants, but left to mature under all the changes and vicissitudes of her own seasons, seeking to draw her resources from the treasury of the Lord, with no intrusion on the rights and privileges of other Churches. In any allusion which may have been made to them 196 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF it has only been done to set forth the character and work of the United Brethren Church. With this distinguishing defference and respect, which Protestant Churches merit at our hands, and have a right justly to claim, they on their part, will unite with the author, in the remark, that the rise and progress of the Brethren Church, has been marked with a distinctive character of love and good will to existing denominations. Proselytism has been strictly guarded against, and scrupulously avoided. No instance known, has yet occurred, when or where she attempted to profit by the dis- sensions unhappily springing up, either to the right, or to the left. And to her it is a subject of profound gratitude to the Allwise Disposer of events, that she as a Church, has never yet been guilty of schism in her sphere of action. With equal firmness, and in view of that love which never faileth, the spirit of sectarianism has not been able to cast its blighting shadow across her path. As a Church, may she by good works, and in the possession of her first love, be continued in the en- joyment of the favor of God; and as she has begun to arise and shine, may she as a Church, be girded with strength, and strive, in the unity of the spirit of meekness and pure love, that her rye be single before God, so that her whole body be also full of light. 1833 THE UNITED BRETHREN EN CHRIST. 197 CONFESSION OF FAITH. In the name of God we declare and confess before all men, that we believe in the only true God, the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, that these three are One, the Father in the Son, the Son in the Father, and the Holy Ghost equal in essence or being with both ; that this Triune God created the heavens and the earth, and all that in them is, visible as well as invisible, and furthermore sustains, governs, pro- tects and supports the same. We believe in Jesus Christ; that He is very God and man ; that he became incarnate by the power of the Holy Ghost in the virgin Mary, and was born of her ; that he is the Saviour and Mediator of the whole human race, if they with full faith in him, accept the grace proffered in Jesus ; that this Jesus suffered and died on the cross for us, was buried, arose again on the third day, ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God, to in- tercede for us ; and that he shall come again at the last day, to judge the quick and the dead. We believe in the Holy Ghost ; that he is equal in being with the Father and the Son, and that he comforts the faithful and guides them into all truth. We believe in a Holy Christian Church, the com- munion of saints, the resurrection of the body, and life everlasting. We believe that the Holy Bible, Old and New Testament, is the word of God; that it contains the only true way to our salvation; that every true christian is bound to acknowledge and receive it with 198 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF the influence of the Spirit of God, as the only rule and guide ; and that without faith in Jesus Christ, true repentance, forgiveness of sins, and following after Christ, no one can be a true christian: We also believe that what is contained in the Holy Scriptures, to wit: the fall in Adam and re- demption through Jesus Christ, shall be preached throughout the world. We believe that the ordinances, namely: baptism and the remembrance of the sufferings and death of our Lord Jesus Christ, are to be in use, and practi- ced by all christian societies ; and that it is incum- bent on all the children of God, particularly to prac- tice them ; but the manner in which, ought always to be left to the judgment and understanding of ev- ery individual. Also, the example of washing feet, is left to the judgment of every one, to practice or not ; but it is not becoming for any of our preachers or members to traduce any of their brethren whose judgment and understanding in this respect is dif- ferent from their own, either in public or private. Whosoever shall make himself guilty in this respect, shall be considered a traducer of his brethren, and shall be answerable for the same. CONSTITUTION. We, the members of the Church of the UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, in the name of God, do, for the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ, as well as to produce and secure a uniform mode of action, in faith and practice, also to define the pow- THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 199 ers and the business of Quarterly, Annual and Gen- eral Conferences, as recognized by this Church, •ordain the following articles of CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Section. 1. All ecclesiastical power herein gran- ted, to make or repeal any rule of Discipline, is vested in a General Conference, which shall consist of Elders, elected by the members in every Conference District throughout the Society ; provided however, such Elders shall have stood in that capacity three years in the Conference District to which they be- long. Sec. 2. General Conference is to be held every four years; the Bishops to be considered members, and presiding officers. Sec. 3. Each Annual Conference shall place be- fore the society the names of all the Elders eligible to membership in the General Conference. ARTICLE II. Section 1 . The General Conference shall define the boundaries of the Annual Conferences. Sec. 2. The General Conference shall at every session, elect Bishops from among the elders through- out the Church, who have stood six years in that ca- pacity. Sec. 3. The business of each Annual Conference shall be done strictly according to Discipline ; and .any Annual Conference acting contrary thereunto, shall, by impeachment, be tried by the General Con- ference. 200 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF Sec. 4. No rule or ordinance shall at any time be passed, to change or do away the Confession of faith as it now stands, nor to destroy the itinerant plan. Sec. 5. There shall no rule be adopted that will infringe upon the rights of any as it relates to the mode of baptism, the sacrament of the Lord's sup- per, or the washing of feet. Sec. 6. There shall be no rule made that will de- prive local preachers of their votes in the Annual Conferences to which they severally belong. Sec 7. There shall be no connection with secret combinations, nor shall involuntary servitude be tolerated in any way. Sec 8. The right of appeal shall be inviolate. ARTICLE III. The right, title, interest, and claim of all property, whether consisting in lots of ground, meeting houses, legacies, bequests or donations of any kind, obtain- ed by purchase or otherwise, by any person or per- sons, for the use, benefit, and behoof of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, is hereby fully re- cognized and held to be the property of the Church aforesaid. ARTICLE IV. There shall be no alteration of the foregoing Con- stitution, unless by request of two-thirds of the whole society. May 19, 1841, FINIS. HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, BY WILLIAM HANBY. FROM THE YEAR 1825, TO THE YEAR 1850., " I will sing of the mercies of the Lord forever: with my mouth will I make known thy faithfulness to all generations*'* [Psalms lxxxix, ' PART SECOND. (RrdraillB, dMjin: PUBLISHED AT THE CONFERENCE OFFICE OF THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 1851 PREFACE TO PART SECOND, It is with no small degree of diffidence, that I have attempted to carry out, and bring down to the present time, as part second of the history of a people but little known, of the rise and progress of whom, my very worthy brother H. G. Spayth,has given a faith- ful sketch from their commencement down to about the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty- five. Nothing but a desire to place upon record for coming generations, the doings and success of a people whose silent efforts under God, have been working a heavenly influence, and spreading gospel holiness through extensive portions of this conti- nent, have induced me to the undertaking. This task too, was the more difficult, from the fact r that for many years the Church published no peri- odicals ; and her general policy was to pass silently along, with but very few notes by the way. The materials from which the following pages are com- piled, are drawn mainly, from Christian Newcomer's journal, Conference journals, the Religious Teles- cope, and from memory. Having had a regular 204 #fiB#"A6ff.- connection, as a Miiister^ with the Church for th# [last twenty jears, Ihope 1 fi&ve feeeh 1 able to chronicle 1 ; matty ivaluable items from Qfit&tA ofcsGrvfctioft. The history for the last twenty-rftve y^ars, will I present the (Church in a light, and tirider eifctim- Stances materially, differing from that which is pre- sented in the .preceding part of this work. From the first organization, down to about 1825, the la- bors of the Church were almost exclusively in the German language — consequently, during that time, the work was confined to German settlements maih- 8y„ Since the time above specified, the German iaaaguage, in many places, has entirely given place &o the English. This state of things resulted in great jaegieet of the German interests — there being many American and European Germans, who could not understand ithe English language. It also re- sulted in, a general spread of the work in English communities, whene like Brethren Church was un- known before. It is not because of any high sounding titles with- in the pales, nor yet because of the miraculous deeds of Almighty God, through her instrumentality, beyond what is promised to the truly devoted every- where, that an attempt is made to write out a history of the Brethren Church. To the former, no claims PREFACE. 205 are set up ; and with regard to the latter, our peo- ple are pleased to know, and humbled at the thought, that the hand of God has gently, quietly, and yet gloriously marked every step in their history. To go out in the high- ways, the hedges and ditches, and bring in the poor, the maimed, the blind, &c, has thus far, been the appropriate work of the Brethren. Others have flocked into towns, cities and the high places of the earth, and there planted their ebenezers, while our appropriate work, under Godj has been to hunt up the scattered ones — go into dark and destitute portions of the country, and there preach Christ to the people; Our object there- fore has been, to faithfully record the workings of a Divine hand, in the accomplishment of great good through weak instrumentalities. That the blessings of the great giver of all good, may be continued towards this branch of the Church, and the Israel of God everywhere, until his kingdom shall spread over all lands, and his praises be car- rolled by every tongue, the author would unite in humble supplications with all the sacramental host of God on earth. W. H. Circleville, O., Feb. 21, 1851, CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Four Annual Conferences at this date — their boundaries — The session of each given — English preachers — Itinerancy — Be- nevolent Society formed — Act of incorporation of — Confer- ences of 1826 — WidowSnyder's donation, 209 CHAPTER II. Annual Conferences of 1827 — Low salaries — Preachers called — Conferences of 1828 — Church advancing — English preachers uniting in the work — Four Annual and one General Confer- ence in 1829 — Death of Stewards Newcomer, and others — Newcomer's Journal, 219 CHAPTER III. Five Conferences in 1830 — Their names heretofore — Preach- er's salary — Six Conferences in 1831 — Other Churches claim- ing the use of our meeting-houses — Six Conferences for 1832 — Death of Havens and Kenney — Asiatic cholera — Six Con- ferences for 1833— Also 1834, 227 CHAPTER IV. Printing Establishment — Eight Annual Conferences in 1835 — Interesting revivals — A German work exclusively, 236 CHAPTER V. Eight Conferences in 1836 — Interesting revivals east and west — A mission in Canada — Death of Benedum and others — Annual Conferences of 1837 — General Conference of same year — Election of Bishops — Conversion of a Jew, 245 CHAPTER VI. Conferences of 1838 — Slavery discussion in the Telescope — Home Missionary Societies — Death of Bishop Heistand, and Dewalt Mechlin — Interesting revivals — Church organized in Circleville — Conferences of 1839 — Death of Andrew Zeller, and others — Charter for Printing Establishment, 254 CONTENTS. 207 CHAPTER VII. Conferences of 1840 — Great revivals — Death of Brs. Key, Frey and Light — Conferences of 1841 — General Conference — Salary of preachers raised — Foreign Missionary Society — Revivals, 264 CHAPTER VIII. Conferences of 1842 — Revivals — Twelve ministers died — Conferences of 1843 — Miller excitement — Two ministers died, 274 CHAPTER IX. Conferences of 1844 — The work in Iowa — Death of Neiding, Sutton, Flickinger, Bash and Bowers — Conferences of 1845 — Death of Jesse Wilson, 282 CHAPTER X. General Conference of 1845 — Four Conferences set off—; Con- ferences of 1845 — Revivals — Holiness, 290 CHAPTER XL Conferences of 1846 — Otterbein University — The German Telescope — Great Church trial in Baltimore — An anecdote concerning J. Russel, 299 CHAPTER XII. Conferences of 1847 — Opposition to Colleges — Death of Smaltz and Kramer — The effects of the Mexican war — A Church constituted in Philadelphia, Pa., 312 CHAPTER XIII. Conferences of 1848 — Death of W. Hastings, and J.Lehman — Revivals of religion — City of Nauvoo — Opposition from se- cret combinations, 319 CHAPTER XIV. Annual Conferences of 1849 — General Conference of the same year — Discussion on Slavery — Discussion on Secret Socie- ties — Election of Bishops — Conclusion, 328 HI-STORY OF THE CHURCH O F THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, CHAPTER I. FROM JANUARY 1825, TO JANUARY 1827. Four Animal Conferences at this date — their boundaries — The ses- sion of each given — English preachers — Itinerancy — Benevolent Society formed — Act of incorporation of — Widow Snyder's do- nation. By the untiring efforts of the Rev. H. G. Spayth r the history of the Brethren Church, is fairly chronicled down to the General Conference of 1825. At this Conference, there was a new Annual Con- ference District struck off from the Miami Confer- ence, and called, " the Scioto Annual Conference," of the United Brethren Church. It, like that of the Miami and Muskingum, received the name of a river running through the territory of which it is composed. At this date, the Church consisted of four Annual Conferences, to wit: The Pennsylvania, Miami, Muskingum and Scioto. 209 210 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1825 The Pennsylvania C onference embraced the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, as its Territory; though of course, this vast extent of country was only partially occupied. The work, at this time, had already spread itself into the counties of Dauphin, Lebanon, Lancaster, Westmoreland and Washington of Pennsylvania ; Washington, Frederick and Baltimore, of Maryland, and some two or three counties in Virginia. This Confer- ence was founded in the year 1789. The Miami Conference being the next oldest, was constituted in- 1810, and then embraced all the ter- ritory North West of the Ohio River. It is now limited' to the Western portion of the State of Ohio, and extending- into Indiana. The Muskingum g Conference which is next in or- der, was constituted in 1817, and embraced the East- tern and Northern portions of the State of Ohio, and two counties of Western Pennsylvania, and is bounded on the West by the Muskingum River, and a line running North West from Coshocton, to Lake Erie. The Scioto Conference, but newly constituted, as has already been stated, occupied the- Middle por- tions of the State, so far as Eastern and Western lines are concerned, but extended to the Ohio River on the South, and to Lake Erie on the North. The Pennsylvania Conference held its Annual Session for this year, at Littlestown, Adams county, Pa., May the 10th, 1825. Bishop Newcomer presi- ded, assisted by John Hildt. There were twenty-nine 1825 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 211 members present. Eight applicants received, to wit: William Rhinehart, John Zahn, John Hendricks, C. Shopp, John Krack, Jacob Snyder, Abram Her- shey, and John Fry. The preachers were stationed in the following manner: Baltimore Station — Wm Brown. Augusta Circuit — Jacob Daub. Shenandoah Circuit — John Zahn, Hagerstown Circuit — G. Smith. York Circuit — J. Brown. Juniatta Circuit — C. Weist. Huntingdon Circuit — J. Hendricks. Lancaster Circuit — J. Erb. No P. Elders named. This Conference held a fall session this same year, which commenced November 17th, in Cham- bersburg, Pa. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler, pre- sided. There were thirty-five preachers present, — six applicants received, and five Presiding Elders elected. It was quite common in the early days of the society, to have a Presiding Elder appointed for every one or two circuits ; and this course appeared the more necessary, as but very little was paid for the support of the gospel; Elders, therefore, would take small appointments, and labor free of charge, or nearly so. Muskingum Conference convened in Mt. Pleasant Westmoreland county, Pa., May" 24th. Bishop Newcomer presided. Seventeen preachers were present. Abraham Troxel died during the last year — a preacher for forty years ; a man of 212 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1825 great age and of blessed memory. H. G. Spayth and James Johnston, were appointed Presiding El- ders for four years, "John Cline itinerant preacher for the whole district" The next in order was the General Conference which was held near what is now called Canal Do- ver, Tuscarawas county, 0., commencing June 7th, of which a full account is given in part first of this work. The Scioto Conference held its first session at the house of George Graul, commencing June the 16th, 1825. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. At this Conference measures were taken to organ- ize a Benevolent Society in the West, similar to one which had been incorporated in the East two years previous, of which more will be said hereafter. Miami Conference met in Miltonville, Butler coun- ty, O., August 8th. Bishop Kumler presided — as- sisted by J. G. Pfremer. There were at this time y eight circuits embraced in this Conference, several of which were in the State of Indiana, and have long since been set off from this Conference. The work, about this time, commenced spreading into English communities, several English preachers having united with the German Brethren, a few years previous, especially in the Scioto Conference. Na- thaniel Heavens, J. Coons, William Steward and James Kenney r were among the number of '-English preachers, two of whose names are found upon the minutes of the General Conference of 1825, and one indeed, N. Havens, was a member of General 1826 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 213 Conference in 1821. These brethren were all of them itinerant men, and continued to travel until disabled by sickness u or removed by death ; one however, J. Coons is still living. A society had been formed east of the mountains, for the relief of superannuated, and in the service of the Church, worn out traveling preachers, their wid- ows and orphan children ; and a deep interest had existed in the minds of brethren in the west, in be- half of a similar organization. Many of the trav- eling preachers were poor men, and some with large families, and very small salaries ; consequently some such relief society was considered very desirable. Many of the ministers regarded such a society as a staff upon which to lean, to some extent at least, in their declining days. On the 4th day of February, 1826, a Charter was accordingly obtained of the Legislature of the State of Ohio, for the accomplishment of the desired ob- ject. The following is a copy of the Charter ver- batim: AN ACT Of the Legislature of the State of Ohio to incorporate the Benevolent Society of the United Brethren in Christ. Sec. 1. "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, that Jos. Hoffman, Dewalt Mechlin, Samuel Heistand, Lewis Cramer, Samuel Myers, George Benedum and John Coons, and their successors to be elected agreeably to the rules and regulations of said Society, shall be, and they are hereby declared to be one community corporation 214 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1826 and body politic by the name of " The Trustees of the Benevolent Society of the United Brethren in Christ," in the county of Fairfield and State of Ohio ; and by the same shall have perpetual succes- sion, and be able to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered, defend and be defended in any court of law, or equity in this State or elsewhere ; and to make and have a common seal, and the same to alter or renew at pleasure ; and also to ordain and establish such by-laws and ordinances as to them shall appear necessary for regulating the concerns of said society — the same not being incon- sistent with the constitution and laws of this State and the United States. Sec. 2. That the objects of said corporation are hereby declared to be the raising a fund by dona- tions and annual subscriptions, for the support of traveling superannuated and other indigent preach- ers of said society ; for which purposes the said society shall be capable in law at all times, to pur- chase, take, have and hold and possess to them and their successors, in fee simple or otherwise, any lands tenements, annuities, chatties or any other property by the bargain and sale, gift, grant, demise or bequests of any person or persons, body politic, or corporate capable in law, to make the same ; and the same at their pleasure, to alien, sell, transfer or lease in such manner as they may judge roost con- ducive to the benevolent purposes of said society : Provided, that the said society shall not at any time 1826 THE UNITED BRETHREN TN CHRIST. 215 hold real personal or mixed property exceeding in all, the yearly income of five thousand dollars. Sec. 3. That all acts or deeds of said society, shall be signed by the President of said Trustees, and seal- ed with their corporate seal, and all deeds made by them for the conveyance of lands and, tenements of the society, which by the laws of this State, ought to be acknowledged and recorded, shall be signed and sealed as aforesaid, and shall also be acknowledged by the President of said Trustees, and recorded ac- cording to law ; #nd all acts or deeds of said society so authenticated, shall be valid and efficient in law ; Provided, that said Trustees shall not use their funds for the purpose of Banking, or for any other pur- pose inconsistent with the interest and meaning of this act." W. W. IRVIN, Speaker House Reps. ALLEN TRIMBLE. Speaker of the Senate. February 4th, 1826. The Trustees met at the house of Wm. Ambrose, in Highland county, on the 17th day of May, 182G, and were organized by electing Samuel Myers Pres- ident, and Joseph Heistand Treasurer, and appoin- ted their next meeting to be held at Joseph Hoff- man's, Fairfield county, on the 29th of September, following. On the 29th day of September,, the' Trustees met Note. — A similar charter, was obtained for the Maryland Society in 1823 216 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1826 in Fairfield county, Ohio, and adopted a common constitution, setting forth rules and regulations by which the society should be governed in future. The constitution provides, that any person who shall pay into the Treasury of the society sixty cents annually, shall be considered a member for the time being; and also that anyone who shall pay ten. dollars, shall be considered a member for life, without any further contribution. Also; that the capital stock raised by life mem- bership, together with all bequeaths and donations, save the sixty cent subscription, be kept sacred, until the capital stock shall amount to twenty thou- sand dollars. The proceeds of the society, were to be paid over to the Annual Conferences, after deducting expenses, to be appropriated in accordance with the design as expressed in the charter. The Trustees of the society to be appointed every four years by the Gen- eral Conference. Four Annual Conferences were held in the year 1828.. The first in order was the Pennsylvania, which met at the house of John Shoop, in Cumber- land county, Pa., April 3d. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. John Neidig, Samuel Huber and David Baer, were elected Presiding Elders. Forty-two preachers were present, and one appli- cant received on probation. During this year a widowed sister, loved of the Lord and honored by the Church, departed this life. Prior to her departure, she bequeathed to the Penn- 1826 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 217 sylvania Conference, one thousand dollars, the prin- cipal to be kept sacred, and the interest to be appli- ed annually to the support of the traveling preach- ers. Long will sister Snyder's donation be remem- bered by the Church. Truly, she being dead, yet speaketh. We hope that those concerned, will take good care of that money, that it may assist in sup- porting the gospel for ages yet to come: Amen. Muskingum Conference met at Jos. Noftzgers, Harrison county, Ohio, on the 2d day of May. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Nine preachers only, were present. Two additional Pre- siding Elders were elected, to wit: John Crum and Henry Erret. It appears from the minutes of this Conference, that there were but two regular circuits at this time in the entire Conference, to wit: Willscreek and Wooster circuits. S. C. Briggs was placed upon the former, and James Haskinson upon the latter. Three preachers of this Conference died during the last year, viz: Abraham Forney, Peter Weimer and John Sluts. With regard to circuits and the itinerancy, it is proper to remark, that at this time, there were but few who gave themselves up exclusively to travel- ing. All were itinerants to some extent, but few, however, were exclusively so. The most general plan of operation, was to have a certain number of appointments arranged into circuits, to be filled by different ones as circumstances would admit ; and 218 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1826 that as a general thing, with but very little, if any compensation Scioto Conference met at Wm. Ambrose's, near Hillsborough, O., on the 16th of May. Bishops New- comer and Kumler presided We regret that the minutes of this and two succeeding sessions of this Conference, are not in our possession. Miami Conference convened at Clear Creek meet- ing-house, Warren county, Ohio, on the 6th day of June, Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Thirty-nine preachers were present. At this Con- ference, a resolution of disapprobation was passed against any of its members meeting in Masonic Lodges. Thirty-two voted for the resolution, and seven against it; also, that if any of the preachers now belonging to Conference, should join any Ma- sonic fraternity, that they thereby expel themselves from the Church. John Denham, F. Bonebrake and Wm. Ballard, were received on probation. Rev. John George Pfremer died this year; long and favorably known among the brethren, of whom a fair account is given in part first of this work. J. McNamer and J. Mahan, were elected Presiding El- ders. Ten circuits were embraced in the work at this time. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 219 CHAPTER II. FROM JANUARY 1827, TO JANUARY 1830. Annual Conferences of 1827 — Low salaries — preachers called — Conferences of 1828 — Church advancing — English preachers uni- ting in the work — Four Annual and one General Conference in 1829 — death of Steward, Newcomer, and others — Newcomer's Journal. Four Annual C onferences convened in 1 827 - The first was the Pennsylvania, which met at Spring- field, Cumberland county, Pa., on the 3d day of April. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Thirty-four preachers were present. John Snyder,. George Guething and D. Baer, were elected Presi- ding Elders. J. Eckstine, J. Fluegel and George Hiskey, were received on probation. Abraham. Mayer died during this year, aged 69 years. The Muskingum Conference met in Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland county, Pa., April 18th. Bishops- Newcomer and Kumler presided. Three ministers from the Methodist E. Church, united with this Con- ference. Daniel Worman and Robert McCray, were ordained, by laying on of hands. The traveling preachers reported the following sums as salaries received: " S. C. Briggs received $ 50, J. Wilson $79, and John Crum $ 18 ; all well satisfied." From the above quotation, it would appear that these brethren were not preaching for money — the 220 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1827 wonder, however, is, how they could possibly live on such an income. Adam Hetsler came to this Con- ference as an exhorter, and was kindly received, and licensed to preach. Thirty-two preachers belonged at this date. Daniel Worman was elected Presiding Elder for the Westmoreland District. Scioto Conference met at Lewis Cramer's, in Fairfield county, Ohio, on the first day of May. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. No min- utes of this Conference, as has been intimated here- tofore. Bishop Newcomer in his Journal, speaking of this Conference, says: " On the evening of May 3d, the Conference was brought to a close: bless the Lord i love and harmo- ny prevailed among the brethren." Miami Conference convened in Corrydon, Ind., on the 22d day of May. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. C. Key; John Lopp, Silas Davis, Daniel Kumler, F. Kenoyer and John Hoobler, were received on probation. Twelve names are found upon the intinerant list this year, and quite an itinerant spirit manifested — the work was spread- ing with interest Westward. The Conference was divided into four P. Elder Districts ; and George Bonebrake, John McNamer, Henry Bonebrake and George Hoffman, were elected Presiding Elders. By reference to the proceedings of this Confer- ence, it will be seen, that the highest salary received during the last year by any one man, did not exceed seventy dollars, while the average was about thirty a piece. The whole history of the Brethren Church 1828 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 221 shows conclusively, that no worldly motive could have induced men to leave their worldly occupations, to become traveling preachers. The " Wo is me if I preach not," has reached the heart of many a pious young man, and drove him from friends and home, to hunt up the lost sheep of the house of Is- rael ; without even a staff to lean upon, save the Saviour's own blessed promise, " Lo I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." Four Annual Conferences were held in the year 1828, as usual. The first in the order of time, was the Pennsylvania Conference, which met at Union Church, Middletowa Valley, Maryland. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Thirty-four preachers were present. Eleven applicants receiv- ed, viz: M. Lawson, F. Gilbert, Wm, Hennier, Wm. Sholte, Jos. Berger, John Dehoff, H. Huber, R. Cat- low, James Sutton, Geo. Gilbert and John Smith. Christian Ludwig and Philip Zeigler, departed this life during the past year. The Conference was di- vided into five Presiding Elder Districts, to wit: Vir- ginia, Hagerstown, Carlisle, Huntington and Lan- caster. Two delegates were to be sent from each District to the General Conference of 1829. There were nine circuits embraced in the whole work. Rev. J. Neidig was stationed in Baltimore, Md. Muskingum Conference met at Broad Run Church, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, on the 22d day of April. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. D. Wei- mer, A. Shilling, Jacob Crum and Moses Herbert, were received on probation. We find the following 222 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1828 record upon the Journal of this Conference, which appears to make a general sweep of the itinerancy for the time being: " The two former circuit preach- ers made no return of themselves or their circuits — had been under charges, and were silenced." There- were four circuits in the Conference at this time, and supplied in the following manner: A. Hetsler and Moses Herbert were placed joint- ly on Wooster and New Lisbon circuits ; Henry Purdy on Willscreek, and Jacob Winter on West- moreland circuit. The session was one of much religious interest ; and notwithstanding the opposi- tion from without, and some discouragements from within, the work was spreading and taking root. Scioto Conference met at Peter Meyers, in Fay- ette county, Ohio, commencing May the 6th. Bish- ops Newcomer and Kumler presided. We are in- debted to the journal of Bishop Newcomer, for the time and place of the sitting of this Conference. Next year we shall be able to extract from the reg- ular minutes. Miami Conference met at Milton ville, Butler coun- ty, Ohio, May 20th. Bishops Newcomer and Kum- ler presided. B. Abbot, John McGinnis and David Kiser, were received on probation. Rev. J. A. Ball, in consequence of having united with a Masonic fraternity, was declared no longer a member of the Conference,* John McNamer, George Bonebrake, J. P. Brown and John Zellers, elected P. Elders. *Bro. Ball has long since ceased to bo an adhering mason, and is now an honored minister in the Church, 1829 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 223 Rev. John Denham was ordained at this Conference, ■by the imposition of hands by the Bishops. During the past year, so far as we have the means of knowing, the Church advanced in strength .and numbers. The Conferences were becoming more systematic in their proceedings — the itine- rancy becoming more perfect — new fields of labor added to the number already cultivated ; and new laborers employed to go into the vineyard of the Lord. English preachers were coming into the work in all the Western Conferences ; and indeed, a new epoch begins to mark the history of the Brethren Church. Four Annual Conferences, and one General Con- ference were held during the year 1829. Pennsylvania Conference met at Guethings meet- ing house, Washington county, Md. Bishops New- comer and Kumler presided. Thirty-preachers were present. Eleven applicants received into the min- istry. The session was a very pleasant and harmo- nious one. Ten circuits belonged to the Conference at this time. Muskingum Conference met at George Franks, on the 28th day of April. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Fourteen preachers were pres- ent. Thomas Herbert, Jonathan Harrison, Jacob Brill and Daniel Matthews were received on proba- tion-; Five circuits embraced in this Conference this year. The fifth was called Sandusky circuit. The work was now spreading out into the Sandusky countries. We find the name of Jacob Baulus upon 224 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1829 the Conference minutes — he having removed to those parts, and doubtless had already raised the standard of the cross in the North-western woods of Ohio. Five ministers were appointed to the five circuits, and five appointed as Presiding Elders, one for each circuit. These five circuits extended from Mt. Pleasant, Pa., to Lower Sandusky, Ohio — hence the propriety of so many Presiding Elders. E>. Worman for the east, J. Hildt, J.-Krum and J. Sfcam- bach for the Middle regions, and J. Baulus for the Sandusky — were elected Presiding Elders. The first Friday in August was set apart as a day of fasting and prayer. Scioto Conference met at Jacob Arnold's, Fair- field county, Ohio,, on the 11th day of May. Bish- ops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Twelve preachers were present. Wm. Hastings, Wm. Wil- liams, John Clymer and E. Vandemark, were re- ceived on probation. The death of Wm. Steward was entered upon the Conference journal, with pain- ful emotions in consequence of the removal ©f one so useful and so much beloved. Long will the name of Bro. Steward be cherished by many who still live in the bounds of the Scioto Conference. He died during the last year, very suddenly, and away from home. James Kinney was elected Pre- siding Elder. The first Friday in August was ap- pointed as a day of solemn prayer to Almighty God, for the prosperity ©f Zion. We are now brought in the thread of our history to the fifth General Conference of the United Breth- 1829 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 225 ren Church., which convened at Dewalt Mechlin's, Fairfield county, Ohio, on the 15th day of May, 1829. For the proceedings of which, see page 176, of first part, by H. G. Spayth. The next General Conference was to convene at George Dresbach's, Pickaway county, on the second Tuesday in May 1833. After an interesting exhor- tation from Bro. Joseph Hoffm-an, Conference ad- journed. Miami Conference convened in Germantown O., on the 26th day of May, 1829. Bishops Newcomer and Kumler presided. Two applicants were re- ceived. Five brethren were set apart to the minis- try by ordination. Though Bishop Newcomer was re-elected to the office of Bishop at the General Conference of this year, (being at the time in his eighty-first year,) we have traced him in his official tour to the West, for the last time. After performing a journey of over fifteen hundred miles on horse back, traveling forty, forty-five, and one day fifty-two miles, he returned to the bosom of his friends, to die in peace, having borne much fruit, and been honored with many years. He died March 12th, 1830, in his eighty-second year. For a detailed account of the life, labors and death of this great man, see first part, page 177. We have one further remark to make in connec- tion with the labors of Bishop Newcomer. We allude to his journal — a work written by himself, intended doubtless, for his own benefit, and not the public eye After his death, it was translated by 226 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1829 J. Hildt and published by Win. R. Rhinehart- This work did not meet with a very general sale r and was consequently cried down as containing no- merit. Some called it a mere almanac, because places, dates, &c, were all regularly recorded — be- cause it was a regular journal, intended for the pri- vate use of the Author, and had received but very little, if any, embellishment from the translator. Now we have but to say, that in these, (to some,) the objectionable features of the journal, is found its greatest value to the Church. True, there is much repetition on its pages, and this is also true of the labors of that good man. Thirty-eight times he crossed the Alleghenies, could anything but repeti- tion be expected ? As a text book, pointing out as it does r the labors, dates and incidents of a long and useful life of an eminent man, connected with the early history of the Church, Newcomer's Journal is above estimate ; and is worthy an honorable place in. the library of every true friend of the Church. ^We would ivot be deprived of its contents^ 1830 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 227 CHAPTER III. FROM JANUARY 1830, TO DECEMBER 1834. Five Conferences in 1830 — Their names heretofore — Preacher's sal ary — Six Conferences in 1831 — other Churches claiming the use of our meeting-houses — Six Conferences for 1832 — Death of Havens and Kenney — Asiatic cholera — Six Conferences for 1833. Five Annual Conferences were held this year. The first was the Pennsylvania, * which met at Shopp's Church, Cumberland county Pa., on the 22dday of March. Bishop Kumler presided, andG. Guething assisted. Though this Conference was divided at the General Conference of 1829, yet the brethren all met together once more, doubtless for the purpose of more effectually carrying but the de- cision of said General Conference. The deaths of Bishop Newcomer and Christopher Grosh, were en- tered upon the Journal. * From the records of this Conference, and from the proceedings of the General Conference, it appears that this Conference for many years prior to this date, bore the name of " Hagerstpwn Conference," instead of Pennsylvania. Atthe General Conference when it was divided, the Conference now known as the Virginia, retained the name of Hagerstown Conference, and the new Conference now known as the Pennsylvania was then called the Harrisburg Conference. In the proceedings of the General Conference of 1833, we find Ha- gerstown Conference bearing the name of Virginia Conference, and the Harrisburg changed to Pennsylvania Conference. Bro- Spayth having set out in part first of this work, with the names as now applied to these Conferences, we have for the sake of being better understood, pursued the same course, yet it appeared necessary to make this expla- nation- 228 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1830 At this Conference it was resolved that a new protocol be purchased, and that Wm. Brown trans- cribe the proceedings from the old, into the new. Fifty preachers were present, and seventeen ab- sent. Total number of members belonging, sixty seven. Ten circuits and one station belonged to the whole work, prior to division ; nine applicants were received. Muskingum Conference met at Crooked Run M. House, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, on the 13th day of April. Bishop Kumler present, John Crum was elected assistant. Twenty preachers were present, and twelve absent — total, thirty-two. There were eight itinerants, and four circuits reported in the en- tire work, as follows: Westmoreland, Willscreek, Wooster and Sandusky. Hence it would appear, that the entire Muskingum Conference, embracing as it then did, parts of the Allegheny and Sandusky Conferences, was a mere string of appointments, extending from Mt. Pleasant, Pa., to Lower Sandus- ky, Ohio. Twenty years ago, the Muskingum Conference within its present territory, consisted of two circuits only. " Truly," in .the language of Bishop Newcomer, " God has enlarged our bor- ders." It now numbers, (1851,) #4 circuits. Scioto Conference met at P. Cramer's, Pairfidd county Ohio, on the 27th day of ApriL Bishop Kumler presided, assisted by Jos. Hoffman. Four- teen preachers were present, and four absent — to- tal, eighteen members. Six circuits were embraced at this time. E. Vandemark, Z. Leatherwood, Wm. 1830 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 229 Shanefelt and Jeremiah Brown, were ordained. John Russel was elected Presiding Elder the ensuing year. The first Friday in August was set apart as a day of prayer and thanksgiving throughout the Conference. During the last year, there were eight traveling preachers in this Conference, and the highest sala- ary that any one received, was fifty-eight dollars : the lowest was twelve dollars ! The Miami Conference met at Clearcreek, Meet- ing House, the second Tuesday in May, and the Indiana Conference held its first session at Cony don, la., the last Tuesday of May. Unfortunately how- ever, we are not favored with the Minutes of either of these last named Conferences, Preachers. Stations. Pennsylvania Conference, 67 11 Muskingum " 32 4 Scioto " 18 6 Miami " (last year,) 62 10 Total 177 31 Six Conferences were held in the year 1831. The Pennsylvania met in Cumberland county, Pa., on the 19th of April. Henry Kumler presided — assisted by E. Boring. Five applicants were received. Thirty-two preachers were present. E. Boring and Wm. Brown, were elected P. Elders. Muskingum Conference met in Mt. Pleasant Pa., on the 9th day of May. Bishop Kumler present. Alexander Biddle was received on probation. J. 230 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1831 Hildt, John Bash, Jacob Stambach and Adam H'ets- ler, were elected Presiding Elders. Jacob Brill was ordained. Scioto Conference met atOtterbein Church, Perry county, Ohio, May 17th. Bishop Kumler presided, J. Russel elected assistant. Nine candidates receiv- ed on probation, J. Russel elected P. Elder. Miami Conference met in Germantown, Montgom- ery county, Ohio, on the 26th of May. Bishop Kumler presided, assisted by Jos. Hoffman. Four candidates received into the ministry ; and one or- dained. At this Conference, there appeared a ref- erence in relation to some trouble which existed concerning the meeting house in Germantown. The brethren there, as they have ever been else- where, were always willing to accommodate other denominations with the use of their Church house, when not occupied by themselves. Indeed, in some instances, preachers of other Churches have occu- pied our houses so long without any molestation, that they have claimed them as their right, and in some cases, have actually turned United Breth- ren out of their own houses on class-meeting and love-feast occasions. This same trouble had taken place at Germantown, and the matter was referred to Conference for adjustment. The Conference therefore resolved that other denominations should have the use of said house only when not occupied by the brethren; and that brethren appointments should always have the preference. The Virginia and Indiana. Conferences both mel 1832 THE UNITEB BRETHREN 1ST CHRIST. 231 this year, though we have not the minutes- We have been to much trouble to collect all the minutes of the different Conferences, but have failed in some instances. Six Annual Conferences were held in 1832. Pa. Conference, met at H. Herr's,iaear Harrisburg, Pa., on the 17th day of April. Henry Kumler presiding Bishop, and Wm. Brown assistant- Thirty-four preachers were present ; six applicants received- E. Boring and Wm- Brown eleeted Presiding El- ders. Muskingum Conference met in Connotton, Har- rison county, Ohio, on the 10th day of May. Bish- op Kumler presided. Twenty-two preachers were in attendance ; and six applicants received. The policy of this Conference was materially changed £his year. There was but one Presiding Elder elect- ed, to travel overall the work, and he became fully an itinerant man. A Hetsler was elected to that office. Scioto Conference met at Goe- Grauls, Fairfield -county, Ohio, on the 21st day of May. Bishop Kumler presided, J. Russel elected to assist- Thir- ty preachers were present, and five received on pro- bation. J. Russel elected Presiding Elder- A heavy affliction befell this Conference, during the last year, in the death of Nathaniel Havens and James Kenney- Very extensive revivals had taken place under their labors — scores of persons had embraced religion through their instrumentality, but a year or two previous ; and now to be suddenly 232 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1832 and unexpectedly deprived of their labors, was a great trial to many. True, father Havens was pretty well on in years, and could not expect to live long, but brother Kenney was cut down at noon- day, while eminently useful. A writer speaks of James Kenney as follows: " In brother Kenney, were united clearness of in- tellect, quickness of perception and suavity of man- ners. I remember the last time he ascended the pulpit, when he raised his withered hands in prayer, and turned his paleface towards the Majesty on high, it seemed as though, his sainted spirit was stealing away from his bosom, and ascending with his trem- bling breath, to the heavenly mansions above." He died February 15th, 1832 ; aged thirty-two years. The age of father Havens, or the precise time of his death, is unknown to the author ; yet the effects of his labors, are still on the earth. A son of his,. John Havens, is a preacher in the M, E. Church. Miami Conference met at Miltonviile, Butler county, Ohio, on the 29th day of May. Jos. Hoff- man was elected Bishop pro tern. Henry Kumler Bishop, being absent. Twenty-seven preachers were present. J. Antrim and John FetterhofF, were elected Presiding Elders. Of the Virginia and In- diana Conferences, we have no minutes. During this year,, there was great excitement in the Church and the nation.. The Asiatic cholera spread^ over the land, spreading death and de- vastation all around. The consequence was,, that 1833 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 233 many became alarmed in view of their future state, and flocked to the church for shelter, which concern unfortunately for them, only lasted while the plague continued. True, there were many honorable ex ceptions, yet a vast number were short-lived chris- tians. Six Annual, and one General Conference were held during the year 1833. Pennsylvania met in Millerstown, Lebanon coun- ty, Pa., on the 9th day of April. H. Kumler Bish- op, presided, and William Brown assisted. Twen- ty-nine preachers were present. Eight applicants received on probation. In the Minutes of this Con- ference, we find the Westmoreland circuit in West- ern Pennsylvania, attached to Pennsylvania Con- ference, — hitherto it had belonged to the 8 Muskingum. The Muskingum Conference met in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, on the 2d of May. Bishop Kumler presided, assisted by John Hildt. Twenty-three preachers present. The 4th of July was appointed as a day of fasting and prayer. Two applicants were received into the ministry. Adam Hetsler was elected P. Elder. Scioto Conference convened in Fairfield county, Ohio, May 9th. Bishop Kumler presided, assisted by J. Russel. Thirty preachers were present. Thir- teen received on probation, J. Russel elected Presid- ing Elder. On the 14th day of May, the General Conference met at Bresba-ch's Church, Pickaway county, Ohio. '234 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1834 For full particulars of this Conference, see part first, page 181. The Miami Conference met in Germantown, Mont- gomery county, Ohio, on the 28th day of May. Bishop Kumler and Brown * presided. Forty-six preachers present. Frederick Bonebrake and Hen- ry Kumler jr., were elected Presiding Elders. Five applicants received. No minutes of the Virginia and Indiana Conferences. Seven Conferences met in 1834 to wit: Virginia, Pennsylvania^Muskingum, Scioto, Sandusky, Miami and Indiana. No Minutes of the Virginia, The Pennsylvania Conference met in Greencastle, Franklin county, Pa., on the 8th day of April: Bishop Brown presided, J. Erb elected chairman. Twenty-two members present ; seven applicants re- ceived; J. Erb, Jacob Niman and D. Runk, elected Presiding Elders- Muskingum Conference met at Connotton, Harri- son county, 0., May 5th: Bishops Brown and Heis- tand presided. Fifteen members present — nine absent. J. Bash, H. Shambach and T. Chaney, were elected Presiding Elders. Scioto Conference met in Otterbein Chapel, Per- ry county Ohio, May 20th. Bishops Kumler and Heistand presided. Twenty-six preachers present — seven applicants received: Wm. Hanby elected Presiding Elder. Miami Conference met in Bonebrake's Church, * H. Kumler, Wm. Brown and Samuel Heistand, elected Bishops at the late G. Conference, 1834 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 235 Preble county, Ohio, May 28th. Bishop Kumler presided, assisted by J. McNamer. Each preacher in charge was to act as Presiding Elder during the coming year, by resolution of this Conference. Of the Indiana and Sandusky Conferences, we have no Minutes for this year. 236 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER IV FROM DECEMBER 1834, TO JANUARY 1836. Printing Establishment — Eight Annual Conferences in 1835 — In- teresting revivals — A German work exclusively. For many years the brethren felt deeply the ne- cessity of having a Printing Establishment of their own, and of circulating a religious periodical among themselves and others. Many plans were talked of at different times, and as the Church advanced in numbers, and influence, the want of something of the kind, was the more deeply felt; consequently, at the General Conference held in May, 1833, three Trus- tees were appointed to circulate subscriptions in the different Annual Conferences, one for the purpose of securing donations for buying a building, press materials, &c, necessary for starting a printing of- fice ; and the other to procure subscribers to a Peri- odical. Said Establishment to be located in Circle- ville, Ohio. George Dresbach, Jonathan Dresbach and John Russel, were appointed said Trustees. On the 12th of April, 1834, the Trustees bought at public sale, in the Town of Circleville, a printing press, together with type, cases and other apparatus, for the sum of four hundred and fifty-five dollars ; and on the 30th day of May, same year, they bought a lot and two houses in Circleville of Z. R. Martin, 1834 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 237 Esq., for which they paid five-hundred and fifty dol- lars. On the tenth of November following, they purchased two fonts of type, from William R. Rhinehart, for which they agreed to pay three hun- dred and twenty-five dollars; and on the 31st day of December, 1834, they issued the first number of a semi-monthly paper, at $1,50 per annum, called " The Religious Telescope ; " edited by William R. Rhinehart. Thus with a debt of about sixteen hundred dollars for purchasing, repairing and fitting up, &c, the Telescope commenced its career with 1,197 subscribers, a number by no means sufficient to meet the expenses of those times of inexperience on the part of our people. But little was done by way of donation for the purchase of the concern. The subscription very light, and upon the credit sys- tem at that, the consequence was, that the office be- came deeply embarrassed. We will here anticipate the chronological course of our history a little, and trace out the workings of this enterprise, in brief detail for a few years. As remarked above, the first year there were 1,197 subscribers on books. The second year the number was reduced to 856. The third 971; the fourth year 1,175. The fifth and sixth years, about 1,150 each. The'seventh year, 1,450. By this time the liabilities had increased to about six thousand dollars ; and the tfate of the Telescope was very doubtful. Encoura- ged by a few tried friends, the Trustees resolved to struggle on a little longer. In the spring of 1843, the number of subscribers 238 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1835 was swelled to 1,981, showing a net increase of 479, during the preceding year, with net proceeds above contingent expenses of $660,00. In May 1844, we have a report of 2,998 subscri- bers, a net increase of 1,017, with net proceeds of $1069,00. By this time hopes were largely enter- tained of the final success of the enterprise. The report of May 1845, shows a subscription list of 3,090 subscribers, and a net profit of $1206. This brings the history of the Telescope up to the General Conference of 1845, held in Circleville, at which time the writer declined serving any longer as Editor, and D. Edwards was duly elected to take charge of the Editorial department; and as busi- ness was increasing, it was found necessary to elect a Publishing Agent, also ; consequently J. Mark- wood of Virginia, was elected said Agent, and upon the resignation of whom, Nehemiah Altman was appointed to take his place. An important measure was also adopted at this Conference, i. e. all subscribers were required to pay in advance for their papers. This measure worked well. The next annual report shows a net profit above contingent expenses of about $1500,00. The following year, about the same amount of net proceeds. Though the number of subscribers is not found in either of the reports of those years. In the general report of 1849, to the last General Conference, it appears that the liabilities of the es- tablishment had all been canceled, and the concern doing welL At the present time, April the 1st, 1835 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 239 1851, there are about 5,400 subscribers on the books. Having thus briefly traced the movements of the Telescope office from its commencement, until the present time, we shall now return to notice the pro- gress of the general work in the regular order of time. In the year 1835 y there were eight Annual Con- ferences held, to wit: The Virginia, Pennsylvania, Muskingum, Sandusky, Scioto, Miami^Indiana and Wabash. The Virginia Conference convened near Mt. Jackson, Shenandoah county, Va., on the 18th of March, 1835 W. Brown Bishop, presided. Twen- ty-four preachers belonged at this date. No mem- bership given — seven circuits belonged to the work. The Pennsylvania Conference met same month at Shupp's meeting house, day of month not given. Bishop Brown presided at this Conference ; J. Erb chairman. Eighty-three preachers belonged to this Conference at that date. J. Erb, J. Niman and J. Rider were elected Presiding Elders. Eleven cir- cuits. The Muskingum Conference held its session in Stark county, Ohio, April 6th. Bishop Samuel Heis- tand presided ; John HiMt chairman. Twenty-two ministers belonged to this Conference. John Bash, Thomas Chaney, Henry Stambaugh and Adam Hetsler, were appointed to take an oversight as Pre- siding Elders. Four circuits at this time. The Sandusky Conference held its session in Crawford county, Ohio*, commencing April 15t& T 240 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1835 1835, Bishop Heistand presided, J. Baulus chair- man. There were twenty-five members at that time. Jeremiah Brown elected Presiding Elder. Five circuits. The Scioto Annual Conference held its session at the Dresbach meeting house, Pickaway county O., commencing the 5th day of May. Bishops Kumler and Heistand presided. Forty-three members be- longed at that date. Wm. Hanby was elected P. E. Eleven circuits and missions. The Miami Conference commenced its session the 15th day of May, in Germantown, Ohio. Bishop Kumler Sen., presided. Forty-two preachers be- longed at that date. John FetterhofF was elected Presiding Elder. The work consisted of four cir- cuits only. The Indiana Conference held its session in Corry- don, Harrison county, la., commencing the 1st day of September. There were no Bishops at this Con- ference. Forty-one preachers belonged. Eight circuits. The Wabash C onference held its first session at Rawling's meeting house, Park county, la., com- mencing September the 15th. Bishop Brown pre- sided, Wm. Davis chairman. Thirteen preachers belonged to the new work. Six circuits were embra- ced at its organization, one of which was located in the State of Illinois, called Mackinaw -circuit. J. T. Timmons was appointed to this circuit, and J. Denham to preside. Five circuits were embraced 1835 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 241 in the Wabash district, and Wm. Davis elected Pre- siding Elder. From all we can learn, this Conference was set off from the Indiana Annual Conference at its ses- sion the year previous, by mutual consent, their be- ing no discipline at that time, to prevent a mutual separation, and as the work was spreading very rapidly towards the west, the measure was doubtless adopted in wisdom. W. Brown and John Denham, with several other brethren, had moved to, the then, Western frontier of Brethrenism. Preachers. Circuits. Virginia Conference, 24 7 Pennsylvania " 83 11 Muskingum " 22 4 Sandusky " 25 5 Scioto " 43 11 Miami " 42 4 Indiana " 41 8 Wabash " 13 6 Total 293 56 Unfortunately for the reader, we had no enumera- tion of our members at that day. For reasons sat- isfactory to them, they were opposed to numbering Israel. During this year, there were some interesting re- vivals of religion in various portions of the Church. In the vicinity of Lower Sandusky, Ohio, a great work broke out. Jacob Baulus, one among the first pioneers of Brethrenism of the North West, 17 242 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1835 in adverting to the occasion, makes the following remarks : "Five different denominations united on the occa- sion, layingaside the badges of party distinction — giving no room to prejudice, but confidently with -one accord appearing before the shrine of mercy. The ministers arose in the strength of Him — in whose stead they sounded the trumpet of alarm from the walls of Zion ; the banner of divine com- passion soon waving over the waiting assembly ; accents of peace were felt to roll from the sky." In Eastern Pennsylvania, there were many gra- cious out-pourings of the Holy Spirit. One instance is given in the following language: M An acquaintance of mine by the name of Abra- ham Herr, in Lancaster county, became a subject of God's renewing grace. Being a man of considerable wealth, baving several large farms to cultivate, and a distillery on .an extensive scale in operation ; and seeing the sin connected with the distillation and traffic of the poison, he set about the good work of converting his still-bouse into a house of worship. Near the spot where the kettles stood, he has a pul- pit erected, in which the word of life is declared to many who attend the meetings." h. h. In the Muskingum Conference there has been a good work. A brother says, that the circuit which he travels, has become so extensive, that he feels himself unable to attend as he should, every part of the work. W. B. speaking of the Wabash Conference, says; 1835 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, 243 " The small Conference held in Indiana, affords pleasing intelligence, that rapid accessions are mak- ing to the number of those who have been made free unto salvation." Bro. B. says, he is the oldest minister, or rather the oldest man in the Conference, and that it proved to be one of the best he ever attended. There was also a good work in western Virginia, this year. At this time, and indeed for a number of years back, there was but little German itinerant preach- ing in the Brethren Church, except in Penn- sylvania. True, there were a few preachers in the itinerant ranks, who could preach both German and English; but as most of their congregations consis- ted of a large majority of English hearers, they were ruled by that majority to the great neglect of the minority. There were also a few, and very few old German ministers in the West, who could not speak the English language at all. These men could not be useful as itinerants, because of the mixed condition of the societies ; and very unfortunately for the prosperity of the Church, the idea was hard- ly conceived, of getting up separate organizations of German circuits as well as English This course would have saved, and perpetuated the German in-: terests. During this year, the writer, while traveling in. the southern portion of Ohio, attending his quarterly-- meeting appointments, put up with father Slaugh- ter. In the course of the evening, the old gentle- man wished to know if we had any German preach- 244 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1835 ers in our Church, informing me at the same time,, that a large number of Germans from the old coun ■ try* had settled near him, and some of them appear- ed to be quite religious, but were destitute of preach- ing. I informed him that we had some German preachers, and that I would bring ane along my next round. Accordingly in three months, Dewalt Mech- lin and myself, accompanied by father Slaughter, went to the German settlement. Bro. Mechlin intro- duced himself and us — neither of us being able to speak or understand the German. The object of his visit was made known, and we all met with a cordial reception. Brother Mechlin preached for them seyeral times, with much interest, and left ap- pointments for a second visit; which he accordingly made, in company with Lewis Cramer, another of the German fathers of the Church. They preached with much success ; and a class of German emi- grants exclusively, was formed. Here then, from the necessity of the case, efforts in the German lan- guage alone, was from time to time made to promote piety — the people being able to understand scarcely a word of English. This class became the nucleus, around which others were formed of German emi- grants, also ; Finally, a German mission was formed, which resulted in the formation of a good circuit ; and hence the beginning of a German work, in a separate sphere of action, of which more will be said in its proper place. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST-. 245 CHAPTER V. FROM JANUARY 1836, TO JANUARY 1838. Eight Conferences In 1836 — Interesting revivals east and west — A mission to Canada — Death of Benedum and others — Annual Con- ferences of 1837 — General Conference of same year — Election of Bishops — Conversion of a Jew. Eight Conferences were held this year, the same as last. The Pennsylvania C onference commenced its session March 8th. Bishop Heistand presided, J. Erb, chairman. Eighty-seven members belonged to this Conference. Twelve charges — a mission in Canada added. J. Light, S. Huber, J Winters. and H. Ow, elected Presiding Elders. Jacob Erb sent to Canada. P, Harmon returned to Baltimore, Five preachers were received on trial this year. The Virginia Conference convened March the 19th. Bishop Heistand presided. H. Burtner chair- man. Twenty-six members — eight charges — Jack- son mission added. Brs. J. J. Glossbrenner and Jacob Rhinehart, Presiding Elders. Moses Michael received on trial,, and sent to Jackson mission. Muskingum Conference convened April 12th. Bishop Heistand presided, J. Hildtto assist. Twen- ty-four members of Conference. Four received on trial. A. Hetsler Presiding Elder. 246 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1836 Sandusky Conference met April 26th. Thirty members — six circuits — one added. Four preach- ers received on trial. Jacob Baulus elected Presiding Elder. Scioto Conference met May 10th. Brs. S. Heis- tand and H. Kumler Sen., Bishops, were both pres- ent. Fifty-four members — eleven charges. Four preachers received on trial. John Coons and Wm. Hanby elected Presiding Elders. Miami Conference met May 24th. Bishop Kum- ler Sen., presided. Jos. Hoffman assisted. Forty- six members — four circuits. Henry Kumler Jr. y Presiding Elder. Two received on trial. Indiana Conference met in Abington, la., Septem- ber 6th- Bishops Kumler and Heistand were both present. Thirty-five members of Conference repor- ted — seven circuits. F. Whitcom, T. L. Garrigus and J. Lopp elected Elders. Wabash Conference met at Bro. Hoobler's, date not given. Bishops Kumler, Heistand and Brown, all present. Twenty-one members reported — five circuits. Josiah Davis and John Hoobler elected Presiding Elders. During this Conference year, there were some in- teresting revivals of religion, especially in the West E. C. Wright writes as follows: " Many have declared that they were tired of sin, and the service of the devil ; and numbers have witnessed a good profession before many witnesses ; and have separated themselves from the world, by 1836 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 247 giving their names to the Church, and we trust, their hearts to God." Bro. E. Vandemark of Pickaway circuit, Ohio, speaks of a good work near Lancaster, where ma- ny found redemption. On Burlington circuit, in Southern Ohio, about one hundred and fifty members were added to the Church, under the labors of P. Brock. Jacob Baulus, Presiding Elder of the Sandusky Conference, after speaking of the camp-meetings held in his district, and of the gracious results fol- lowing, says: " Fifteen years ago, I was the only preacher with- in the bounds of this Conference district ; now there are about thirty preachers. I know the time," he adds, " when there were but few of us. The first circuit that was formedin the Church, it took Broth- er Newcomer and myself, eight days only to go round. Now there are eight Conferences, and how many hundred preachers, I cannot tell. My elder brethren are gone, and I shall soon be with them — Farewell."* By reference to the Minutes of the Pennsylvania Conference of this year, it will be seen, that J. Erb was sent as a missionary to Canada. He went and labored during the year, with some success — formed a few small societies ; but for causes unknown to the writer, the work was abandoned the following *Whi!e preparfcngthe above pages for the press, this good man set sail for the land ofi glory, in the 84th year of his age. Fifty-six years in the ministry. He died April 20th, 1851. A truthful » Farewell" 248 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1837 year. No effort has been made in that country by the Brethren, since. January 1837. During this year, several minis- ters departed this life. Eight Annual and one Gen- eral Conference were held. George Benedum was the first of the preachers who died. From an Editorial of the Religious Telescope, under date of April 6th, we extract the following notice. " Departed this life at his residence in Fairfield county Ohio, March 31st, 1837, George Benedum, in the 72d year of his age. His funeral services were attended to by L. Cramer and Wm. Hanby. " The deceased was for 43 years, an esteemed minister in the Brethren Church ; during which time he was a faithful soldier of the cross. His exit was glorious and happy. He shone like a light in a high place, that burns out and expires; but our pleas- ing prospects are not all at an end, for he was cut down like a tree that had yielded much fruit, and was ladened with blossoms when it fell." Father Benedum was a member of the Scioto Conference. Peter Whitezel of the Virginia Conference, depar- ted this life, February 22d, in the 32d year of his age. He traveled four years a faithful minister of Christ. He died in great peace, leaving a young and affectionate family, to mourn over their sad loss . The Pennsylvania Conference met March 6th. Bishop Heistand presided. Ninety preachers be- 1837 THE UNITED BRETHREN TN CHRIST. 249 longing — twelve charges — seven candidates ad- mitted on trial. J. Light, J. Schnider, S. Hoover, J. Reeder and H. Ow, elected Presiding Elder, P. Har- man returned to Baltimore. Virginia Conference met March 20th. S. Heis- tand Bishop, H. Burtner chairman. Eight charges. Jacob Rhinehart and J. Glossbrenner, Presiding El- ders. Muskingum Conference met April 5th. S. Heis- tand Presided. Twenty-six preachers reported — two charges added, Canton circuit and Ohio mis- sion. A. Hetsler Presiding Elder. Sandusky Conference met April 11th. S. Heist- and Presided, J. Buulus to assist. Thirty-three mem- bers of Conference, J. Dorcas Presiding Elder. Scioto Conference met April 21st. S. Heistand presided, assisted by Wm. Ambrose. Fifty-seven ministers belonging — eleven circuits — one Ger- man mission added. J. Russel and J. Coons, Presiding Elders, and J. De Witt, assistant Presiding Elder. Miami Conference met -at Miltonville, May 2d. Henry Kumler Sen., and S. Heistand, Bishops, were both present. Five applicants for license to preaeh. H. Kumler Jr., elected Presiding Elder. Wabash Conference met September 14th. Bishop Kumler presided, J. Hoobler assisted. Rockville mission added. Two applicants received. Indiana Conference met in Decatur county, la., September 24th. H. Kumler Sen., Bishop, M. Bot- tenburg to assist. 250 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1837 On the 9th day of May, (1837,) the General Con- ference convened in Germantown, Montgomery county, Ohio. Aninteresting address was delivered by Bishop Heistand, in which he gave a pretty gen- eral detail of his labors during the preceding four years. The members were next called and exami- ned, as to the legality of their elections, and found to stand as follows: Henry Kumler Sen., Samuel Heistand, Bishops. Pennsylvania Conference — Jacob Erb, Jacob Win- ters. Virginia Conference — Jacob Rhinehart, J. J, Glossbrenner. Muskingum Conference — Adam Hetsler, David Weimer. Sandusky Conference — John Dorcas, Geo. Hiskey. Scioto Conference — John Coons, Wm. Hanby. Miami Conference — J. Fetterhoff, Wm. Stubbs. Indiana Conference — F. Whitcom, John Lopp. Wabash Conference — F. Kenoyer, Wm. Davis. Wm. Rhinehart elected Secretary. At this Conference, a general wish was expressed by the members, that a constitution be adopted, by which the general principles of Church government might be thrown in some tangible form. It was not intended that any new principle of Church govern- ment was to be incorporated, nor yet to reject any already embraced in the general rules of discipline, but rather to gather up and embrace in one general instrument, the fundamental principles upon which the government of the Church rests. 1837 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 251 First; By defining the duties and specific powers of the legislative and judicial bodies of the Church, and Secondly; By setting limits to those powers, and at the same time securing to all their just rights as members of the house hold of faith. Accordingly a constitution was drawn up, and published to the Church, as a kind of conventional constitution, affording the church members an oppor- tunity to instruct their delegates at the next Gene- ral Conference, to adopt it, with or without amend- ments, or reject it altogether. The quadrennial report of the Benevolent Soci- ety of Maryland, was made and adopted. Amount of interest for distribution, was $ 168,95. The amount for distribution reported by the Benevolent Society of Ohio, was $ 100,00. A constitution for the printing establishment was also adopted, and will be found in our book of disci- pline. John Russel, George Dresbach and Jonathan Dresbach, were re-elected Trustees of the Printing Establishment. Wm. R. Rhinehart was employed as Editor of the Religious Telescope, for the ensuing four years, and Wm. Hanby was appointed general book agent and treasurer, until the next General Conference. All traveling preachers in regular standing in the Brethren Church, were to have the Telescope gratis. The Conference next proceeded to elect three Bishops for the next four years, which resulted in th e 252 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1837 election of Samuel Heistand, Henry Kumler Sen., and Jacob Erb. W. R. Rhinehart and Wm. Hanby were appointed to prepare the revised discipline for the press. J. Russel was appointed to translate the discipline into the German. The Conference next agreed that the number of Delegates sent to next General Conference, from the different Annual Conferences, should be as fol- lows, to wit; Pennsylvania, 4 Virginia, 2 Scioto, 4 Miami, 3 Wabash, 2 Indiana, S Muskingum, 2 Sandusky, 2 The next General Conference was appointed at Dresbach's Church, Pickaway county, Ohio, to com- mence on the second Monday in May, 1841. A note of thanks to the good people of German- town, was passed, and Conference adjourned after several days of peaceable session. During this year, God poured out his spirit gra- ciously in many portions of the work. Bro. J. Rit- ter, writing from Eastern Pennsylvania, says: " Our third protracted meeting was held at Green- castle. The altar was crowded with mourners, and many were emancipated from sin. Upwards of six- ty have united with the Church since Conference." Bro J. Ressler speaks of a good work on the Ju- niatta circuit, Pa. Bro. E. Vandemark of Winchester circuit, Ohio, speaks of a work as follows: "Christian professors have been renewed — back- sliders reclaimed, and sinners converted. Within 1837 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 253 the short space of seven weeks, sixty persons have united with the Church; and we trust God has en- rolled their names in the book of life." The following from the pen of H. Kumler Jr., will he of interest to the reader: " Through the course of last summer, a Jew of the tribe of Levi, by the name of Nehemiah Altaian, who ia to some extent skilled in the German and Hebrew Scriptures, became acquainted with the Brethren Church. He frequently contended with all the strength of Jewish prejudices, that the Mes- siah had not yet come ; his eyes however, by degrees were opened, so that he saw he was not right. He gave the New Testament a candid investigation, and came to the conclusion from different prophecies, that the Messiah had come. At a quarterly-meet- ing near Lewisburg, Ohio, October 30th, 1837, he arose in love-feast, and publicly declared that he could reject the Saviour no longer — that he would own him as his Saviour and Lord ; and through Je- sus he expected to be saved. Oh ! how it made our hearts rejoice." 254 H f STORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER VI. FROM JANUARY 1838, TO JANUARY 1840. Conferences of 1838 — Slavery discussion in the Telescope — Home Missionary Societies — Death of Bishop Heistand, and Dewalt Mech- lin — Interesting revivals — Church organized in Circleville — Con- ferences of 1839 — Death of Andrew Zeller, and others ^- Charter for Printing Establishment. Eight Annual Conferences were held this year, (1838.) The Pennsylvania met in Wormlisburg, Cumber- land county, Pa., March 5th. Bishops Heistand and Erb presided. Ninety-eight preachers reported as members of Conference — nine received on pro- bation — one mission added — Wheeling mission. At the close of the session, the following ques- tions and answers were annexed. Ques. Where and when shall our next Conference beheld? Ans. At Lebanon, Pa., on the second Monday in March, 1839. Ques. Where and when shall the Allegheny Con- ference be held ? Ans. At Mt. Pleasant, Westmoreland county, Pa. on the last monday in March, 1839. Here then, we have the first announcement of an Allegheny Conference. Prior to this time, all the preachers scattered through Western Pennsylvania, 1838 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 255 belonged to the Pennsylvania Conference. The opinion of some of our brethren is, that the Alleghe- ny Conference was set off at the General Conference of 1837. But in the Minutes of that Conference, there appears not the slightest intimation of said Conference being set off — indirect testimony bears the other way. By a resolution of the last General Conference, the number of delegates for each Conference, accor- ding to their strength, was fixed for the succeeding General Conference. The eight Conferences then represented, were all named * and the number for each given, but not a word about the Allegheny Conference. One year after the General Confer- ence, the preachers all met together in regular Con- ference ; consequently we conclude that the Penn- sylvania Conference set off the Allegheny, by mutual consent of its members, there being at that time, no discipline forbidding such a course This course appears to have been adopted by the Indi- ana Conference in setting off the Wabash in 1834f Virginia Conference met March 21st. Bishop Heistand presided. Twenty-five preachers reported. Three candidates for the ministry received. Wm, R. Coursey and Jacob Bechtel, Presiding Elders. Muskingum Annual Conference met April 16th, Jacob Erb Bishop, presided. Thirty-six preachers reported — seven candidates for the ministry receiv- * See proceedings of General Conference, page 259. f See page 241. 256 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1838 ed — two charges added, Warren circuit and Mohe- gan mission. A. Biddle Presiding Elder. At this Conference, a Missionary Society was formed, for the purpose of more effectually extend- ing the work within the bounds of said Conference. A constitution was adopted, and suitable officers appointed. Sandusky Conference commenced its session April 25th. Jacob Erb presided, J. Baulus assisted. Thirty-six preachers reported — Michigan mission added. Scioto Annual Conference met at Winchester, Fairfield county, Ohio, May 8th. Bishop Kumler, Heistand and Erb, all present. Fifty-nine minis- ters reported. At this Conference, seven individuals entered the ministry on probation — six were consecrated to the work, by the imposition of hands. For many years the want of some efficient plan by which to extend the word of life, to destitute portions of this Conference district, was very deeply felt ; consequently at this session., a Home Missionary Society was formed, for the purpose of raising funds for that object. A constitution was adopted, and officers appointed. During the past year, there was a great excite- ment on the subject of American Slavery ; and that excitement of course, found its way into the columns of the " Religious Telescope." On the 8th of November, K P. Lovejoy, of Alton, Illinois, was shot down for being an abolitionist ; 1838 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 257 and this circumstance with other things, had caused a general excitement. Many of the readers of the Telescope were opposed to the course it had taken on this subject, and thought that discussion on the sub- ject of Slavery should be left out of the paper. The Telescope being under the control of the Scioto Annual Conference, in the intervals of General Con- ference, the subject was brought up and the follow- ing resolutions passed. " 1st. Resolved, That we regard with painful abhorrence, any at- tempt to justify Slavery from the Bible, thereby making it a divine in- stitution, and consequently God the Author of robbery and blood-shed; and that we believe the Christian Church, while it neglects the bond- man of this land, opposes its own interest and morals. 2d. Resolved, Therefore, in view of the Bible, Religion and our Dis- cipline — that the columns of the Religious Telescope, be, and remain open for the discussion of Slavery, as well as Intemperance, Sabbath- breaking and every other evil of the land. 3d. Resolved, That all persons writing for the Religious Telescope, either on moral or religious subjects, be, and are hereby instructed to guard against making use of hard expressions, in contradicting each other's assertions; but to manifest a Christian like spirit in their com- munications; which is more consistent with the character of our Church, as * United Brethren in Christ.' " Miami Conference convened May 22d. H. Kum- ler Sen., presided^ assisted by J. Hoffman. Fifty ministers reported • — nine circuits and missions. Five ministers received on probation, - — seven set apart to Elders orders. F. Whitcom was elected Presiding Elder * Indiana Conference convened in Corrydon, la., August 29th. H. Kumler Sen., presided, Thirty- * This Conference also, organized a Home Missionary Society. 18 258 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1836 seven preachers reported — eight applicants receiv- ed — three ordained. Aaron Farmer and John Lopp elected Presiding Elders. Wabash Conference convened September llth. Bishop Kumler Sen., presided, J. Hoobler assistant. Twenty-seven preachers reported — three received on transfer from other Conferences, and two received on probation. This year brings our history down to the demise of two of our aged and honored ministers, Dewalt Mechlin and Samuel Heistand Bishop. Father Mechlin departed this life July 3Gth, at the going down of the sun. He had been assisting his children through the course of the day, in making hay. He ate breakfast, dinner and supper, in usual health. After supper he went to his meadow for the last time. While in the act of raking, he fell as the mown grass before the scythe, and immedi- ately expired without a moments warning. He was about sixty years old when he died — embraced re- ligion about twenty-eight years prior to his death. Soon after his conversion, he commenced exhorting his fellow mortals, to prepare to meet God. He stood as a faithful minister of the Church for many years. His peculiar gift was exhortation — scarce- ly ever did he take a text. We have often heard him say, that if he had any gift, it was in exhorta- tion. It is due to the memory of this good man, to say that he was under God, a great blessing to the Church — having labored and traveled much, with- out any pecuniary reward whatever. The Lord had 1838 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 259 blessed him with a reasonable share of this world's* goods ; consequently he felt like giving the Church his labors free of charge. Next in the order of time, was Samuel Heistand, much beloved and lamented by all his acquaintances; departed this life October the 9th, in the fifty-sev- enth year of his age. Near six years prior to his death, he was elected Bishop, and remained in that relation until death. He moved from Virginia to Fairfield county, Ohio, in the 23d year of his age, and was married four years afterwards, to Margaret Raudebaugh — em- braced religion about thirty-two years prior to his death — was a minister in the Church twenty years. Bishop Heistand was a man of deep piety, a faith- ful and efficient expounder of the Holy Scriptures ; by no means an orator, but a very close and practi- cal reasoner. No man could be in his company, without feeling that in him were sweetly blended the true characteristics of a friend, a christian and a divine. During the year 1838, there were some interesting revivals in the Church, both East and West. Bro. George Bonebrake of the Miami Conference, in speaking of a camp-meeting, says: " Mourners poured forward to the anxious bench- es, it was supposed, to the number of one hundred or more ; and it appeared as fast as the Lord healed the broken-hearted, the arrows of conviction fastened on others. Seventy-three joined Church. During the meeting, a conversation among the wick- 260 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1838 ed, was overheard by one of the Brethren. While all were astonished at the work, one of the number proposed to the company, that they would go up to the altar, and see what was going on ; another observed that they had better stay away; for says he, * the preachers were so well skilled in their business that theiF voice had an electrifying influence, and if people got near them, they would be so shocked, that they would be sure to fall,' so they all agreed to stay away." Brother Goodrich from Preble county, O., writes: " The walls which were broken down, have been repaired, and the work of reformation is going on gloriously. There were one hundred and eighty members on this circuit, when this Conference year commenced, and seventy-nine have since been add- ed — fifty-four of whem, joined at camp-meeting. Surely the set time to favor Zionis come." f In Indiana there were many good revivals. In Abington, a good work broke out. Some thirty added to the church. At a camp-meeting in Wayne county, between fifty and seventy-five conversions, and fifty accessions. Ghi Flat Rock circuit* there were rising two hundred accessions. During this year, the work was pretty general in La, In West- ern Pennsylvania, under the labors of Jacob Ritter, there were interesting revivals of religion, and much opposition to contend with ; especially were many, even of the members, opposed -to class meetings and the mourner's bench. With the close of this year> commenced the great 1839 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 261 revival in Circleville, which resulted in the organi- zation of a Brethren Church, of about one hundred members. We have never, on any occasion, wit- nessed greater displays of divine power. Sinners were found on the streets, inquiring with anxious solicitude, for the United Brethren prayer-meetings, and perhaps as soon as they would enter the enclo- sure of a meeting, would fall upon their knees, and beg for an interest in the prayers of God's people. 1839. This year, nine Annual Conferences were held. The Virginia met February 25th. Bishop Erb presided. W. R. Coursey and Jacob Bechtel, elec- ted Presiding Elders. The Pennsylvania held its session in Lebanon county Pa., March 11th. Bishop Erb presided. Allegheny commenced its first session at Mount Pleasant, Westmoreland county Pa. Bishop Erb presided. Twenty-nine preachers belonged to this new Conference — four applicants also, were receiv- ed — in all, thirty-three. Five circuits embraced at this time. J. R. Sitman elected Presiding Elder. Muskingum met at Union Meeting House, Harri- son county, Ohio, April 2d. J. Erb presided, A. Biddle chairman. A.. Biddle elected Presiding El- der. Sandusky met April 11th. J. Erb Bishop, presi- ded, J. Baulus chairman. M. Long, J. Beaver, A. Spracklin and Jacob Newman, were ordained-by the imposition of hands. Scioto met at Pleasant Run Meeting House^Eair- 262 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1839 field county, Ohio, April 23d. Bishops Kumler and Erb presided. Nine applicants were received into the ministry — four ordained. E. Vandemark and John De Witt Presiding Elders. At this Conference, the writer was appointed Editor of the Religions Telescope, in place of Wm. R. Rhinehart, resigned . The deaths of Bishop Heistand and Dewalt Mechlin, were announced, and entered upon the Conference Journal, with very deep emotions by all present. Wm. Leist was appointed Trustee of Tel- escope Office, in place of John Coons, resigned. Miami convened at Germantown, Ohio, May 21st. H. Kumler Bishop, and J. Hoffman chairman. On the 4th day of the session of this Conference, Andrew Zeller, an aged minister of the Church, de- parted this life in Germantown, about 10 o'clock A. M., while Conference was in session. He died in great peace, in the 84th year of his age. He was an aged and honored minister of the Brethren Church ; one among the early fathers — was elected Bishop in 1815, when our discipline was first form- ed ; and continued in that relation, until the Gene- ral Conference of 1821, a term of six years. Six brethren were received into the ministry at this Conference, and three ordained. Indiana convened in Franklin county. la., August 27th. H.. Kumler Sen. Bishop, M. Bottenburg chairman; Six brethren were received into the ministry, and four ordained. Wabash; convened at the house of Bro. Wm. 1839 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 263 Bakers, la. , on the 5th day of September. Bishop Kumler Sen., presided, F. Kenoyer chairman. Five ministers received on probation — three re- ceived by transfer from other Conferences. Several other ministers were called home during the last Conference year. In addition to the one already named, were Michael Cover, George Hoff- man and R. Duncan of the Miami Conference, and A. Farmer of Indiana Conference, the latter well known as an efficient pioneer of the West ; and the former loved and esteemed by their brethren of the Miami Conference . There were also many interesting revivals during this year, but the length of the present chapter, pre- cludes a detailed account of them. A charter was obtained under date of March 16th. 1839, for " the Conference Printing Estab- lishment of the United Brethren in Christ," at Circleville, Ohio, with succession for thirty years. 264 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER VII. FROM JANUARY 1840, TO JANUARY 1842. Conferences of 1840 — Great revivals — Death of Brs. Key, Frey and Light — Conferences of 1841 — Generate onf ere nee — Salary of preachers raised — Foreign Missionary Society — Revivals. Nine Annual Conferences convened this year. The first in the order of time, was the Virginia, which convened on the 2d day of February, 1840. Bishop Erb presided, George Patterson chairman. Twenty-eight preachers reported — nine circuits and missions. Wm. R. Coursey and Jacob Bech- tel Presiding Elders . Pennsylvania met in Baltimore, Md., on the 4th of February. Bishop Erb presided, John Russel chairman. Sixty preachers were reported as mem- bers of Conference — nine circuits. J. Light and .JohnFohl elected Presiding Elders. John Russel stationed in Baltimore. Allegheny convened February 24th. Bishop Erb presided, H. Ovv, assisted. Thirty-one members of Conference reported — eight charges. Geo. Miller Presiding Elder. Muskingum met at Crooked Run, on the 4th day of March. Bishop Erb presided, A. Hetsler assis- tant. Forty-one preachers reported — eight cir- 1840 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 265 cuits — four received on probation, and five were ordained by the imposition of hands. Sandusky met March 1 1th . Bishop Erb presided, J. Baulus assisted. Twenty-six members reported, and seven circuits. H. G. Spayth, Presiding El- der. Scioto met in Bethel Church, Fairfield county, O., March 16th. Bishop Erb and Kumler Sen., pres- ent. Sixty-five ministers reported — fifteen char- ges — eleven applicants were received — ■ four or- dained. E. Vandemark elected Presiding Elder. Miami met in Butler county, Ohio, April 21st. Bishop Kumler Sen., presided, Jos. Hoffman assis- tant. Fifty-four ministers reported — -twelve char- ges. Jos. Hoffman and H. Kumler Jr., elected Presiding Elders. E. Hoffman, J. H. Kemp, An- drew Hetsler and Samuel Herren, were ordained. Indiana met at Corrydon, la., the first Friday in May. From some cause, none of the Bishops reached this Conference. M. Bottenburg was cho- sen Bishop pro tern, and H. Bonebrake assistant. Forty-four ministers reported — ten circuits . Wm . Steward and J. Mc Allen elected Presiding Elders . Wabash met at John Fetterhoff's, in la., June 3d. No Bishop attending, J. Fetterhoff and Wm. Davis elected chairmen. Thirty-eight ministers, — and twelve circuits and missions reported. Josiah Davis and Wm. Davis, (brothers,) were elected Pre- siding Elders . 266 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1840 Conferences. Preachers. Circuits. Pennsylvania, 60 9 Virginia, 28 9 Allegheny, 31 8 Muskingum, 41 8 Sandusky, 26 7 Scioto, 65 15 Miami, 54 12 Indiana, 44 10 Wabash, 38 12 Total for 1840, 387 90 Total for 1835, 293 56 Increase in 5 years, 94 34 During this year, there were many interesting revivals of religion in various portions of the work. In the fall of 1839, a work commenced in Lewis- burg, Ohio, and continued some months. Francis Whitcom, in speaking of the revival, says: " Our altar was crowded with mourners, and ma- ny were converted. Some were converted also, at their homes, some in the woods, and in almost every direction, the cries of the distressed were heard. Seventy have been received into the Church, and the work is still going on." In the city of Baltimore, during the session of Conference in February, a very interesting work of grace was in progress. From twenty to thirty per- sons were forward each evening for prayers — fifty united with the Church. 1840 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 267 On Wills Creek circuit, Muskingum Conference, Ohio, a great work broke out. James McGaw speak ing of this work, says: " The meeting continued eight days, during which time eighty souls were happily converted to God. Seventy of this number joined Church." In the vicinity of Boonsboro, Md., there was a very interesting revival. The ministers were cloth- ed with a power, surely not their own. Bro. G. A. Shuey, in speaking of this work, says: " A number were brought to yield to the heavenly influences of the Spirit of God. Fifty-seven joined Church during this meeting." In Virginia, there were seasons of great grace. Brother D. S. Spessard, in speaking of a camp- meeting held in that State, says: " God was in the camp day and night, from the commencement to the close of the meeting. We had the pleasure of seeing sinners awakened, mour- ners converted, backsliders reclaimed, and believers sanctified." In Pennsylvania there were many outpourings of the Holy Spirit. In Liverpool, on the banks of the Susquehanna, and in the surrounding country, a gracious work broke out, under the labors of Bro. Wm. Beighel. J. E. Murry speaks of this work, thus: "The Methodist had preached here for several years, but had forsaken it last spring on account of wickedness, and seeing no prospect of good. Since Bro. Beighel came here, things have changed 268 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1841 We now have a society of thirty respectable mem- bers . Thirty individuals also united with the Church at a meeting seven miles below this place. Bro. Beighel says you publish a paper in Circleville ; I am anxious to read it." During this year, three Missionary Societies were formed. One by the members of the Allegheny Conference, one by the Virginia Conference, and a third by the Otterbein Church in Baltimore, Md. The object of the two former, is to extend the work more effectually in the bounds of the Conference dis- tricts respectively ; that of the latter is to send Mis- sionaries among the Germans in America. These Societies are destined to do much good if faithfully conducted. Three ministers were called away by death during this year, to wit: C. D. Key, Henry J. Frey and Felix Light. Bro. Crasey D. Key, was a member of the Indiana Conference; died February 19th, in the forty-seventh year of his age. He was said to be useful and highly esteemed. Henry Joseph Frey was a member of the Miami Conference, died May 24th, in the sixty-eighth year of his age — a preach- er in the Church nearly thirty years ; first in Virgin- ia and then in Ohio. He was very diligent in the service of the Lord. Felix Light was a member of the Pennsylvania Conference ; of the particulars of his labors and death, we have no account, see page 187. 1841. Nine Annual, and one General Conference were held this year. 1841 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 269 The Virginia met in Frederick county, Md. , Feb- ruary 22d. Bishop Erb presided. Pennsylvania met in Lancaster county, Penn., March 1st. J. Erb presided. Sixteen preachers received on probation. Allegheny met in Bellfonte, Pa., March 15th. Bishop Erb Presided. Eight candidates were re- ceived into the ministry . Muskingum met at Weimer's Church, April 20th. Bishop Erb presided. Three new circuits added, viz: Beallville, Coshocton and Bethlehem. The Minutes of the Sandusky Conference are not at hand. The Scioto convened at Otterbein Church, Picka- way county, Ohio, May 3d. Bishops KumlerSen. and Erb, present. Four candidates were received into the ministry. The Miami Conference met May 25th, at Lewis- burg, Ohio. H. Kumler Sen., and H. Kumler Jr., (father and son,) Bishops. Eight ministers received on probation, and two by letter. Indiana met June 3d, at Bethel Church, Decatur county, la. H. Kumler Jr., Bishop. Nine appli- cants were received into the ministry. The Minutes of the Wabash Conference for this year, are not at hand . The General Conference of 1841, convened at Dresbach's Meeting-house, Pickaway county, Ohio, May the 10th. The following delegates were pres- ent, and took their seats: Henry Kumler Sen. , Jacob Erb, Bishops. 270 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1841 Pennsylvania Conference — J. Russel, Jacob Roop. Virginia Conference — J . J . Glossbrenner, W . R. Coursey. Muskingum Conference — A . Biddle, James Mc- Gaw. Sandusky Conference — H. G. Spayth, G. Hiskey. Allegheny Conference — Jacob Ritter, G. Miller. Scioto Conference — Wm. Hastings, John Coons, J. Montgomery, E. Vandemark. Miami Conference — Henry Kumler, F. Whit- com. Indiana Conference — Henry Bonebrake, Jos . A . Ball, J. G.* Eckels. Wabash Conference — Josiah Davis, Wm. Davis. George Bonebrake from Miami Conference, was absent, in consequence of ill health. J. Montgom- ery and J .. Slonaker, were elected Secretaries . After many preliminaries, and some regular Con- ference business had been attended to, the subject of a constitution was brought up. Much discussion was had for and against. Finally a vote was taken in favor of constitution ; and a committee of nine appointed to draft one, and present it to Conference for action. The committee's report was made, and the proposed constitution carefully read, section by section, and finally adopted by a large majority * At this Conference, the salary of preachers was Faised from one hundred and sixty dollars for a mar- ried man, to two hundred dollars and house rent ; and * The constitution will be found on page 198, part first- 1841 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 271 that of a single man, to one hundred dollars instead of eighty. With such salaries, it must be apparent to all, that a traveling preacher must remain, all his days, a poor man . Truly, the motive of a lucrative business, will prompt no one to become a traveling preacher in the Brethren Church ; but the want of a competent support, has driven many a promising man from the itinerancy. It is but just, however, to remark that the support of traveling preachers is becoming more and more adequate to their wants ; and provisions are made to meet extreme cases of large families, or expensive locations in towns and cities ; and also for moving the minister from one charge to another . But after all, a traveling preach- er, who is exclusively devoted to his work, and has nothing to depend upon but his hire, as a servant of the Church, may expect to go down to the grave a poor man ; though thank the Good Being, he may be rich in faith, and the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ. George Dresbach, Jonathan Dresbach and Wra. Leist, were elected Trustees of the Telescope Office . Win. Hanby was elected Editor for the ensuing four years. At this Conference, a Parent Missionary Society was formed, for the purpose of extending the gospel on our frontiers and among the heathens in Foreign lands. It was also resolved to establish a German Print- ing Office in Baltimore, Md., and accordingly, John Russel, Cornelius Staily and Henry Weighand, were 272 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1841 appointed Trustees — to be governed by the same rules by which the English Press is governed ; and that the German Press be under the control of the Pennsylvania Conference, in the interval of Gene- ral Conferences. Jacob Erb was appointed Editor and general agent of the German Press. The German Paper was to bear the title, " Die Geschaeftige Martha." (The Busy Martha.) Conference next proceeded to the election of four Bishops, which resulted as follows, to wit: H. KUMLER Sen., I JOHN COONS, JACOB ERB, I H. KUMLER Jr. John Russel was appointed to travel as a general agent, to solicit subscribers for the Telescope, the German paper, the Pledge List, and to advance the interests of the Parent Missionary Society. With regard to the Pledge List, the reader is here- by informed that, during the year 1840, an enter- prise was gotten up to relieve the Telescope Office from embarrassments, and also to establish a Ger- man paper in the Church. The plan adopted, was to secure five hundred persons who would pay ten dollars each, for the very desirable object. The object was not fully realized, yet very considerable relief from debt was found through this medium ; and considerable done towards establishing the Ger- man Press. After a pleasant session of some ten days, the General Conference adjourned, to meet in Circle*- ville, Ohio, the second Monday in May 1845. 1841 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 273 There were some interesting revivals during this year, though not as great as some previous years. In the Virginia Conference, there were some inter- esting seasons. In the Scioto Conference, Ohio, there were some revivals also. On Pickaway cir- cuit, under the labors of W. K. McCabe and P. Brock, there was a good work. At two appoint- ments, nearly one hundred souls were converted and added to the Church. In the city of Cincinnati also, there was an interesting revival. Christian Strickler, minister of the Pennsylvania Conference, died July 20th, in the 36th year of his age. 19 274 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER VIII. FROM JANUARY 1842, TO JANUARY 1844. Conferences of 1842 — Revivals — Twelve ministers died — Confer- ences of 1843 — Miller excitement — Two ministers died. During this year, (1842,) there were, as usual, nine Annual Conferences held. The first was the Pennsylvania, which met in Dauphin county, January 24th. J. Erb presided, assisted by J. Fohl. Nine applicants were received on probation. Allegheny convened March the 7th. No Bishop being present, George Miller was elected Bishop pro tern; J. Ritter to assist. Two applicants were received on probation. Muskingum met at Mt. Carmel Church, Tusca- rawas county, Ohio, March the 14th. No Bishop present. A. Biddle andS. Long, elected chairmen. Seven candidates received into the ministry. Three new circuits were added, to wit: Middletown, Berlin and Nimishillin. Virginia convened in Augusta county, Va., April the 11th. Bishop Erb presided, assisted by J. J. Glossbrenner. Two candidates received. The death of George Geeting was entered on the Journal. Sandusky met in Lucas county, Ohio, April 11th. H. Kumler Jr., Bishop, J. Baulus and H. G. Spayth 1842 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 275 chairmen. Three candidates received into the min- istry. This Conference constituted a Home Mission- ary Society, for the purpose of extending the gospel more effectually within its own bounds. A consti- tution was adopted, and officers appointed. Scioto met at Winchester, Ohio, May 2d. Bish- ops J. Coons and H." Kumler, Jr., were present. Nine persons were set apart to the ministry, by the imposition of hands. Two new circuits were add- ed, viz: Hillsborough and Chester. Miami met at Liberty, Montgomery county, Ohio, May 17th. H. Kumler Sen., and H. Kumler Jr., Bishops, were present. D. Kumler and A. S. Deck- er were elected Presiding Elders. Indiana met in Andersonsville, on the 25th day of May. H. Kumler Jr., Bishop, presided, assisted by J. A. Ball. W. Steward and H. Bonebrake were elected Presiding Elders. Wabash met at JefFerson, la., June 3d. Bishop Kumler Jr., present. A. W. Hedges and J. Villers were ordained. Wm. Davis, J. Fetterhoff, Wm. Brown and Josiah Davis, were elected Presiding Elders. This Conference is becoming quite too large — embracing in its territory, Northern Indiana, all of Illinois, a work in Iowa and also a Mission in Wis- consin. Seven years ago, it held its first session, with only twelve members belonging, and six charg- es. This year, fifty members are reported — twenty circuits and missions, and thirteen applicants receiv- 276 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1842 ed. Surely, God is doing much for the Brethren in the West. Many very interesting revivals took place during this year. In Germantown, Ohio, many precious souls were brought to the Saviour. Eighty united with the Church. Jesse Bright of Brush Creek circuit, writes: " Nine classes have been formed within the last year, and two hundred and twenty have joined Church." In the town of Etna, Ohio, sixty united in Church fellowship. Bro. T. P. Jones says, that within the compass of forty-five miles on the Miami Valley, within the last four months, upwards of three hun- dred have been added to the Church, most of whom gave evidence of sound conversion. Brother C. W. Witt, in speaking of a great work in Abington, Indiana, says: " For deep humility, for heart-rending soul-con- verting and reviving power, for fervent praying and sound gospel, heart-felt, pointed preaching, I never saw an equal. Over sixty have joined, and twenty have been baptized by immersion. Brother T. P. Jones of Cincinnati, was the principal instrument in this meeting." Twelve of our ministers were called from the walls during this year. The first in order of time, was George A. Geeting** He departed this life in great peace, in Washington * This was a son of George A. Guething, or Geeting, who was co- temporary with Ottierbeiivaud died in 1812, see page 129. 1842 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 277 county, Md., on the 5th day of February; aged 61 years. Father Geeting entered the ministry when twenty-six years old, and continued faithful until called home. David Fleck of the Allegheny Conference, died; of the particulars of his death, we have no account. Next was Christian Knegy, of the Muskingum Conference, died while on a visit to his friends in Western Ohio. An aged veteran of the cross, lov- ed and esteemed by all who knew him. His meek and venerable appearance, spoke favorably upon the minds of all who beheld him. The precise day of his death is not given. Also, Felix Boicourt of the Indiana, and A. Sparks of the Wabash Conference, died during this year. John Crider of the Pennsylvania Conference, de- parted this life, June 17th, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. He embraced religion forty years previous to his death; and stood as a minister thirty- five years. Brother Stephen Lillibridge of the Sandusky Con- ference, a young, pious and very useful minister, was in the morning of life, called away. But few young men promise fairer than he did ; but the Lord in his wisdom, took him. Next, we find the death of John Huffer of the Virginia Conference, recorded. He died in the sev- enty-second year of his age. He entered the min- istry twenty-seven years previous to his death, and 278 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1843 was said to be a faithful servant of the Lord. The precise day of his death is not given. John Sands of the Muskingum Conference, depar- ted this life August 27th, in the 29th year of his age. Had traveled two years, and was a faithful youth. Peter Bonebrake departed this life, September 16th, in the forty-eighth year of his age. He was a member of the Miami Conference. Henry Metzger of the Allegheny Conference, departed this life December 10th. Adam Noon also died February 26th, in peace. This year, 1842, has been one of great mortality among the preachers of the Brethren Church. Twelve have been called away; some in the morn- ing of life, and others far advanced in years. We now enter upon the year 1843. The Virginia Conference met at Rohrersville, Feb- ruary 14th. Bishop Erb presided, J. J. Glossbren- ner chairman. Pennsylvania met in Fetterhoff's Chapel, Frank- lin county, Pa. J. Erb presided, assisted by Samuel Hoover. Allegheny convened at Liverpool, Pa., March 3d. Bishop Erb presided, assisted by J. R. Sitman. Muskingum met in NewRumley, Harrison county Ohio, March 10th. Bishop J. Coons presided, as- sisted by A Biddle. Scioto convened in Ross county, Ohio, April 3d. Bishop Coons presided, assisted by E. Vandemark. Miami met in Germantown, Ohio, April 15th. 1843 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 279 Brs. Kumler senior and junior, Bishops, presided. Sandusky met April 28th. Bishop Kumler Jr., presided, Jacob Baulus assistant. Fifteen appli- cants were received into the ministry at this Confer- ence. Wabash Conference met in Millford, Warren county, Indiana, May 12th. Bishop Kumler Jr., presided, F. Kenoyer chairman. In the minutes of this Conference, we find the fol- lowing statement: " There has been a net increase of members in this Conference district, during the last year, of Two thousand one hundred and forty-four. This Conference also passed a resolution, that Bishop Kumler should go to Iowa next spring, and hold a conventional meeting with the Missionaries in that new country. Indiana met in Decatur county, Ia„ May 26th. H. Kumler Jr., presided, H. Bonebrake assistant. During this year, there was a great excitement in the nation, known as " The Miller excitement" An old gentleman, familiarly known as "Father Miller," had for a year or two past, been publishing that the world would come to an end, most positively in 1843. The 23d day of May, was the day appoin- ted, when the second coming of the Saviour was to take place. Hundreds and thousands were led away honestly, by this delusion — neglecting their daily business — distributing all they possessed, whether in money or property, to supply the wants of the poor ; and pay for the printing and distribu- 280 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1843 ting of publications on that subject. Prior to the day appointed, hundreds of the citizens of Philadelphia and in some other places, tented out upon the com- mons and in the groves, to witness the coming of Christ. The auspicious morning rolled round, when the tried saints were to put on immortal bodies ; but lo, the sun arose and set as usual, and the hopes of many were very sadly disappointed. As might well be expected, some of the members of the Brethren Church became Millerites. There has been a considerable amount of revival influence manifested during this year ; yet perhaps not so great as last. At a camp meeting in Virgin- ia, there were some reviving times. J. B. Houck makes the following remarks: " The Lord has visited our camp-meetings. At the Rockingham camp-meeting " he says, " upwards of fifty were converted, and thirty-six joined Church." He adds, " the reason why we do not in- crease more rapidly here, is, there are many who claim the service of the children of Ham, and we have a law that will not admit such in our Church. We truly admire that law, and believe it will pre- serve the piety of the Church. May God keep us free from oppression and injustice." Brother J. Ritter, in speaking of a camp-meeting in Pennsylvania, says: " The converted and reclaimed, amounted to about sixty. In various portions of the general work, Christ was honored in the conversion of many pre- cious souls." 1843 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 281 Since the establishment of Missionary Societies in the different Annual Conferences, the work has been much enlarged. New societies were formed, and new circuits added every year. The missionaries are penetrating into dark and unoccupied portions of the country, where the name of United Brethren was never heard of before. God is giving the Church favor in the sight of the people. Two of our aged ministers died this year, to wit: George Patterson departed this life, August 22d, 1843, in the 68th year of his age — was said to be a zealous and very faithful minister. Jacob Winter, departed this life, October the 12th, 1843, in the full triumphs of living faith, in the 64th year of his age. He was born in Wash- ington county, Pa., September 16th, 1780, embraced religion in 1801, and received license to preach in 1808 — was a minister in the Church thirty-five years. Father Winter was a pious and useful man, and much beloved by his brethren. A great contrast is presented in the mortality of our preachers, comparing this year with the last. Last year, some twelve or thirteen were removed by death — a number of whom were in the prime of life, and had but just entered the ministry. This year God has been very favorable unto Zion in this respect ; two only having died. 282 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER IX, FROM JANUARY 1844, TO MAY 1845. Conferences of 1844 — The work in Iowa — Death of Neiding, Sutton Flickinger, Bash and Bowser — Conferences of 1845 — Death of Jesse Wilson. This year, we shall only have space to give a mere sketch of the different Annual Conferences, as we did last. To go beyond this, as a general thing, would swell the work beyond our prescribed limits. Next year, we shall give a more general de- tail, with the net increase for the five preceding years. Nine Annual Conferences were held in 1844. The first in order of time, was the Virginia, which met at Churchville, Augusta county, Va., February 6th. Bishop Erb presided, assisted by W. R. Cour- sey. Five applicants received on probation. J. B. Houck and J. Markwood were elected Presiding El- ders. Pennsylvania met in Shoop's Church, Cumber- land county, Pa., February '21st. J. Erb presided, assisted by J. Russel. Conference records the death of two ministers, John Neiding and James Sutton. Henry Staub, Peter Bitzel and J. A. Sand, were or- dained. Ten received on probation C. Light and John Russel, were elected Presiding Elders. 1844 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 283 Allegheny met in Mt. Pleasant, Pa., March 4th. Bishop Coons presided, assisted by Harmonious Ow. Six applicants received on probation. J. J. Huber, J. Crumling and John Sypher, were ordained. Indiana met in Franklin county, Indiana, March 7th. Bishops Kumler Sen., and Junior, presided. Nine received on probation, and seven were ordain- ed. J. McCallen, W. Steward and D. Stover, were elected Presiding Elders. Muskingum met in Rochester, Stark county, Ohio, March 21st. Bishop Coons presided, James Mc- Gaw chairman. Nine received on probation, and five were ordained. Wabash met at New Salem, Montgomery county, la., March 21st. Bishop Kumler Jr., presided, F. Ken oyer chairman. Ten received on probation, and seven ordained. Scioto met in Etna, Ohio, March 29th. Bishop Coons presided, assisted by E. Vandemark. Nine were received on probation, and five ordained. The death of Jacob Alspach and Jacob Winter, were en- tered on the minutes. Sandusky met in Sandusky county, Ohio, April 4th. Bishop Kumler Jr., presided, J. Baulus and H. G. Spayth, chairmen. Four received on probation, and five were ordained. Miami convened in Lewisburg, Ohio, April 18th. H. Kumler Sen., J. Coons and H. Kumler Jr., were all present. Nine were received on probation. The death of C. Shearer and Jacob Flickinger, were entered on the journal. 284 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1844 Iowa, branch of Wabash, met in Columbus City, Iowa, May 20th. Bishop Kumler Jr., presided. M. Garrison, D. C. Barrows and I. B. Ryan, were received on probation. The great distance that the brethren in Iowa, were from the usual place of meeting of the Wabash Conference, to which they regularly belonged, made it really necessary that they should have a meeting among themselves, west of the Mississippi. Indeed the year previous, they held a counsel among them- selves, and located several missions, and by mutual consent, supplied them with laborers. Many breth- ren from the Eastern States, had moved west, and settled in various portions of the Territory. Their calls were incessant for the gospel to be sent among them. At this Conference, there were three general missionary fields of labor, as follows: The southern mission was located between the Desmoin and Skunk Rivers. The next upon the north, was located between Skunk and Iowa Rivers; and the northern mission was located north of the Iowa River, and extended some sixty miles up the Mississippi, and back into the interior, from forty to fifty miles. Christian Troup and John Everhart, were to superintend the work. At this time, there were seven regular preachers reported as belonging to this convention. They were all present, names as follows: J. Everhart, C. Troup, A. A. Seller, J. Denham, J. Burns, F. R. S. Byrd, D. Shafer. 1844 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 285 G. S. Clingan received by transfer, and three ap- plicants received as above specified. About three hundred members were found scatter- ed through the Territory. J. Neiding of Dauphin county, Pa., departed this life, January 11th, 1844, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. Father Neiding was a preacher of the gospel in the Brethren Church, for fifty-three years. He was raised and educated in accordance with the strict morality of the Mennonite Society of which he be- came a member in early life ; and distinguished himself by talent and strict observance to the relig- ion he professed. He was, soon after his connection with the Mennonite Society, elected by lot, to the of- fice of preacher. Shortly after, he was made to feel the necessity of a change of heart, and he rested not, until he found peace. This state of things soon drove him from his old home. He attended, and united with the Brethren, at the second Conference held by Otterbein and others, in York county Pa., 1791. His name still stands in the discipline, as a member of that Conference. * Father James Sutton of the Pennsylvania Con- ference, died during this year, though the precise day is not given. He was said to be a pious and devoted christian. Jacob Flickinger departed this life, March 29th, in the sixty-third year of his age. He embraced relig- * For a more detailed account, see page 75, first part. 286 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1845 ion at the age of thirty-two, and shortly after, re- ceived license to preach. Was united in marriage with Hannah Kumler, eldest daughter of H. Kum- ler Sen. This relation continued for thirty years. His labors were in the German language. The Lord had blessed father Flickinger with much of this world's goods, and he proved himself to be a faithful steward. His last dying request to one of his sons was, that his children " be sure and be good to the poor" John Bash Sen., of the Muskingum Conference, departed this life, July 23d, in the fifty-fifth year of his age. Thirty years a member, and sixteen years a preacher in the Brethren Church. John Bowser, died August 5th ; aged fifty-seven years — died on his birth- day. He stood as a min- ister in the Church for twenty-two years. Prior to his death, he made provisions in his will, for the continuation of the same liberality in the support of the gospel which he manifested in life ; and gave special direction to his children, to remem- ber the poor. Father Bowser's greatness consisted mainly, in his goodness . The thread of our history brings us down to the commencement of the year 1845. One General, and nine Annual Conferences were held in the spring of this year. The time of meeting of five of the Conferences, was changed from Spring to Fall — consequently there were five more sessions held in the Fall of this same year. 1845 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 287 The Virginia convened at Jerusalem Church, Middletown Valley, Md., February 3d. Bishops Erb and Kumler, Jr., were present. Thirty-seven preachers reported, and eight circuits. J. Mark- wood and W. R. Coursey. were elected Presiding Elders . Pennsylvania met in Highspire, Dauphin county, February 12th. Bishops Erb and Kumler presided. Eighty-three ministers reported — twenty-one charg- es. The death of John Dayhoffwas entered upon the journal. J. Russel, C. Pefley and John Light, were elected Presiding Elders . Allegheny met in Shellsburg, Bedford county, Pa., February 20th. Bishops Kumler Jr., and Erb presi - ded. Forty-seven members of Conference reported — fifteen charges. James Gibson member of this Conference, died during the year. J. L. Baker and J- Wallace, were elected Presiding Elders . Muskingum met in Salesville, Guernsey county, Ohio, March 13th. Bishop Coons presided, assis- ted by A. Biddle. Sixty-two preachers reported — twenty-three charges, consisting of circuits, stations and missions. Seven were received on probation, Indiana met in Georgetown, Floyd county, la. March 13th. Bishop Kumler Jr., presided, assisted by Wm. Steward. Sixty-seven members reported — nineteen charges, and nine applicants received into the ministry. D. Stover and L. S. Chittenden were elected Presiding Elders . Miami met in Warren county, Ohio, March 26th. Henry Kumler Sen., and Henry Kumler Jr., Bish- 288 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1845 ops, presided, J. Hoffman assisting. Eighty-two ministers reported — twenty-two charges. Scioto met in Highland county, April 3d . Bishop Coons presided. Sixty-seven members reported — twenty charges, including circuits, stations and mis- sions. Three were received on probation. Con- ference recorded the death of Jesse Wilson, who departed this^life the 30th of January last, with strong faith in the Saviour of the world. J. Montgomery, D . Edwards and M. Ambrose, were elected Presiding Elders. Wabash met at Concord, Tippecanoe county, la., April 11th. Bishop Kumler Sen., presided, assist- ed by J. Slonecker. Seventy-five members repor- ted — thirty-three charges — eleven applicants re- ceived on probation. This Conference resolved to hold its next session in the fall — say in six months from its present sit- ting. Sandusky met at Monclovia, Lucas county, Ohio, April 28th. There was no bishop in attendance ; H. G. Spayth was elected Bishop pro tem, and George Hiskey to assist. Sixty-one preachers re- ported — thirteen charges . S . Long and Jeremiah Brown, were elected Presiding Elders. Ten years ago, there were twenty-five preachers and five circuits belonging to the last named Con- ference. At the above named session, there were sixty-one preachers and thirteen charges. More than doubled in ten years 1845 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 289 RECAPITULATION OF NUMBERS. Conferences. Preachers. Circuits. Pennsylvania, 83 21 Virginia, 37 8 Allegheny, 47 15 Muskingum, - 62 23 Sandusky, 61 13 Scioto, 67 20 Miami, 82 22 Indiana, 67 19 Wabash, . 75 33 Totalfor 1845, 581 180 Total for 1840, 387 90 Increase in 5 years, 194 90 Here we have an increase of fifty per cent, in five -years, in the ministry, and one hundred per cent in the circuits. 20 290 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER X, FROM MAY 1845, TO JANUARY 1846. General Conference of 1845 — Four Conferences set off— Conferen* ces of 1845 — Revrvale — Holiness. We commence this chapter with the proceedings of the ninth General Conference of the United Brethren Church, which convened in Circleville, May 10th, 1845. H. Kumler Sen., J. Coons and H. Kumler Jr., Bishops, were the presiding officers. The names of delegates were called, and enrolled as follows, viz: ^Pennsylvania Conference — J. Russel. Virginia Conference — J . J . Glossbrenner, J . Markwood, J. Bechtel. Allegheny Conference — J . R . Sitman, Jacob Rit- ter, J. Rider. Muskingum Conference — A. Biddle, James Mc- Gaw, W. W. Simpkins. Scioto Conference — E. Vandemark, J. Montgom- ery, M. Ambrose. Sandusky Conference — H. G. Spayth, G. Hiskey, J. Brown. Miami Conference — G. Bonebrake, J. Crider, F. Whitcom. * Simon Dresbach and J. & Kessler, were absent. 1845 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 29l Indiana Conference — Henry Bonebrake, Jos. A. Ball, — one absent. Wabash Conference — J. Hoobler, Josiah Davis, J. Denham. H. G. Spayth and J. Montgomery, were elected Secretaries ; and Conference proceeded to business. A petition from Indiana Conference, was presen- ted to the General Conference, remonstrating against any change being made in the discipline on the doc- trine of depravity. The reader is hereby informed, that for the last year, there had been quite a contro- versy through the columns of the Telescope, upon the subject of depravity. There were a portion of the ministers and members of the Church, who he]d to a partial depravity only — that man had still left within himself, a portion of ability to help himself — to do good ; that children were not depraved — they were holy : while a large majority held, that man had no ability of his own to do good, at all ; that the preparation of the heart and the answer of the tongue, were from God ; that man left to him- self, would in every instance, and under all circum- stances, walk in paths of rebellion against his Ma- ker ; that having lost the divine image, the feelings and inclinations of his heart, were bent on evil, and that continually. At this General Conference, a test question was gotten up for the purpose of set- tling the controversy. It was accordingly moved, that the term "depravity? on the 19th page of dis- cipline, be stricken out. This brought the subject pretty fairly before Conference ; and after some 292 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1845 considerable debate, the yeas and nays were called, which resulted as follows: Yeas, 6, Nays 26. This of course, settled the question fully in favor of man's utter helplessness within himself; so far as the Church is concerned. The Telescope Office was reported as being in a prosperous condition, with a subscription list of a little above three thousand, and net proceeds from the last year, of twelve hundred dollars . The business of the Telescope Office was next considered, and upon mature deliberation, it was thought that the interest of the Church, called for a weekly issue, instead of a semi-monthly ; con- sequently, it was ordered that the paper be changed to a weekly issue . The Conference re-appointed J. Dresbach, G. Dresbach and Wm. Leist, Trustees of the Teles- cope Office, for the next four years. D. Edwards was elected Editor. At this Conference, H. G. Spayth was appointed to write a history of the rise and progress of the United Brethren Church . Conference next went into an election of Bishops to serve the ensuing four years. Whereupon, John Russel, J. J. Glossbrenner and Wm. Hanby, were duly elected. Officers were appointed for the " Foreign and Frontier Missionary Society," as fol- lows: J. Russel, President. 1845 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST, 293 J. J. Glossbrenner, Wm. HanbYj Vice Presidents. J. Montgomery, Secretary* J. Dresbach, Treasurer. Geo. Dresbach, Wm. Leist, E. Vandemark, Mana- gers. The next General Conference was to be held in Germantown, Montgomery county, Ohio, to convene the w second Monday in May, 1849; after a vote of thanks to the citizens of Circleville, the session was closed. East Pennsylvania, Illinois, St. Joseph and Iowa Annual Conferences, were set off, and a provision made for Indiana to be divided, if the members thought best, at their next meeting. The Iowa, Il- linois, Wabash, St. Joseph and the Scioto allmet in the fall of this same year. This measure (of a fall session,) was adopted on account of the great incon- venience of traveling in the West in the spring of the year. The muddy roads and high waters, were very often great hindrances to a western traveler. Accordingly, the Iowa Conference held its first regular session at Wm. Thompson's, Louisacounty, Iowa Territory, August 14th, 1845. Bishop Russel presided. There were present at the organization, A. A. Zeller, Jacob Miller, D. C. Barrows, Christian Troup, F. R. S. Byrd, George S. Clingan, LB. Ryan. MEMBERS ABSENT. J. Everhart, j John Burns, D. Shafer, j Moses Garrison. 294 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1845 The work was divided into two Presiding Elder districts, and nine missions . Illinois Conference held its first session at Lexing- ton, McLean county, 111., August 28th. Bishop Russel presided, assisted by J. Denham. Eleven members 'present at the organization — eight were received on probation. This Conference was divi- ded into three Elder districts, and fifteen circuits and missions . Wabash Conference met in Vermillion county, la., September 5th. Bishop Russel presided, J. Davis chairman. Fifty ministers were still reported as belonging to this Conference ; and twelve charges, consisting of circuits and missions. J. Hoobler and J. P. Shuey,were elected Presiding Elders. St. Joseph Conference held its first session in North Manchester, la., September the 18th. On account of Bishop Russel's illness, he was not able to get to this Conference; consequently, J. M. Her- shey was elected Bishop pro tern, andE. H. Lamb to assist. There were nineteen preachers belong- ing to this Conference at its organization. Two El- der districts, and twelve circuits and missions. This Conference at its first session, organized a " Home Missionary Society ," — adopted a con- stitution, and appeared to be determined to labor faithfully to. cultivate Immanuers land. The reader will bear in mind, that the Iowa, Illi- nois and St. Joseph Conferences, were all set off from the Wabash Conference at the General Con- ference in May last. Ten years ago, the Wabash 1845 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 295 Conference held its first session. Thirteen preach- ers belonged at that time, and six circuits were under its care. Now the four together, which have all grown out of the one in ten years, number ninety- nine preachers, and forty-eight charges. Surely God is with us in mercy and great goodness . Scioto Conference met at Otterbein Chapel, Per- ry county, Ohio, October 9th. J. Russel and Wm. Hanby presided . It being only six months since this Conference held its last session, there was no very important business transacted. Lewis Davis and J. Montgomery were elected Presiding Elders. There has been no deaths in the ministry in any of the five Conferences held this fall — there being a great amount of sickness in the West, notwithstand- ing. This year was replete with revivals of religion in almost every portion of the Church. With this year too, may be dated a very interesting reformation in the Church. Many prominent members and minis- ters, had felt for years, the necessity of higher attainments in a divine life. They longed for a per- fect deliverance from the carnal mind — a perfect victory through the merits of Christ, over a natu- rally selfish and corrupt heart. True, all prayed for the perfection of their natures, to be cleansed from all unrighteousness ; but while they thus pray- ed, they did not have definite faith to believe, that God was just as ready to give them the great bless- ing wow, as at any future period. They prayed to be sanctified — but that work was to be performed 296 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1845 gradually — perhaps just before death, God would come and complete the work. But few really enjoy- ed a glorious fullness, in an entire consecration to the will of God. We repeat it, there were but few who professed a full, a present and a perfect victo- ry over sin and self. Surely, if it is our privilege to pray for victory over any one besetting sin, and ex- pect success, it is equally our privilege to pray for victory over every sin, and expect a satisfactory an- swer. If the work is to be accomplished by works, then may we well work on ; but if it is by faith in the merits of Christ, these merits are as available to day, as at any future period ; and as faith is made the condition, why not as well exercise faith now, as at any future time ? But while we thus speak, it is but just to say, that the doctrine of holiness may be traced back to the early fathers in the Church. We will give one or two quotations from Father New- comer's journal: " So I went on alternately, sometimes happy, at other times not so ; at times full of spirit and cour- age, at other times disheartened ; but whenever I had a longing desire to find Jesus precious to my soul, he would manifest himself to me, by blessing me \ then I was ready to do and suffer for Jesus' sake all things . * * * In this manner I went on for some time, believing it to be the will of God concerning me, to enter the Kingdom of Heaven through severe trials and manifold tribulations ; how- ever, my opinion was soon changed on this point, for reading, 'The kingdom of God is not meat or drink, 1845 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 297 but righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Ghost.' I concluded with the poet: " Why should the children of a King, Go mourning all their days?" So I determined by grace divine, to obtain that per- fect love which casteth out fear; and is able to rejoice in tribulation, and say, £ Although thou slay me, yet will I praise thee.' " — Journal, p. 12. " This morning my poor soul is drawn out in pray- er to God, for sanctifying power. O ! Lord, impart into my soul, thy nature and thy perfect love." — page 232. From these two passages, it is very evident that Father Newcomer, his well known piety notwith- standing, longed and prayed for a deeper — more thorough and glorious work of grace in his heart. He reached forward with anxious faith for the prize of perfect love. He desired to be enabled to rejoice always, and in everything to give thanks: At the close of 1844, and during the year 1845, many of our people professed to have obtained this glorious rest — this freedom from selfish and anx- ious cares ; and to be able to feast as bountifully at a table spread with bitter herbs, as though it was spread with the dainties of earth. The author cannot close this chapter, without en- tering his own testimony, experimentally, to the truth of the above position. For some fourteen years of the early part of his christian experience, his path was rough and very thorny. Some times 298 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1845 up, and sometimes down; sometimes miserable, and sometimes very happy ; sometimes very willing to preach and suffer all the will of God, and sometimes very unwilling to do either ; sometimes felt as though he could preach pretty well, and at other times so discouraged in view of his feeble efforts, that he would be tempted never to try to preach again. In the fall of 1844, after about three months hard strug- gling with head and heart, (being hitherto a disbe- liever in the doctrine of sanctification,) he by sim- ple, naked, living, child-like faith, consecrated his cdl to God. Since that time, he has enjoyed a constant peace, a sea of glory unknown before. May all who love the Lord Jesus, enter into this rest ; Amen, THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 299 CHAPTER XL FROM JANUARY 1846, TO JANUARY 1847. Conferences of 1846 — Otterbein University — The German Teles- cope — Great Church trial in Baltimore — An anecdote concerning J. Russel. Twelve Annual Conferences were held during this year, 1846, A mere sketch of their sittings, may suffice for this chapter, as some other things will de- mand our attention. Virginia met in Shenandoah county, Va., Febru- ary 6th. Bishop Glossbrenner presided. Two missions received, Westminster and Lewis. Pennsylvania met at Spring ville, Pa., February 20th. Bishops Glossbrenner and Russel presided. This Conference met in its original form, but sepa- rated before the preachers were stationed in accor- dance with the act of last General Conference. The two Conferences will hereafter be known, as Pennsylvania and East Pennsylvania Conference. The East Pennsylvania Conference had nine charges, with C . Pefley and C . Light Presiding Elders . The Pennsylvania Conference had thirteen charges, and J. Russel Presiding Elder. Three ministers of this Conference departed this life since last session — John Light, John Wenger and J. Snider. 300 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1846 Indiana met in Bartholomew county, la., February 30th. Wm. Hanby presided, J. A. Ball to assist. This Conference in accordance with a provision of the General Conference, divided itself into two por- tions North and South. The Southern portion to retain the name of Indiana, and the Northern por- tion to be called the White River Conference. D. Stover and W . W . Richardson were Presiding El- ders of the North, and L. S. Chittenden of the South. Allegheny met in Mifflin county, Pa . , March 2d . Bishop Glossbrenner presided, J. R. Sitman chair- man. Peter Swarts, a member of this Conference, died this year. Miami met March 5th. Wm. Hanby presided, assisted by fathers Kumler and Hoffman. I. V. D. Robertson died during the past Conference year. Sandusky met near Melmore, Ohio, March 13th. Wm. Hanby presided, assisted by S. Long. This Conference reports for the first time, two thousand six hundred and twelve members belonging to the Church. S. F. Hadley died during the past year. Muskingum met at the Crooked Run Meeting- house, on Monday, March 23d. Wm. Hanby pre- sided, assisted by A. Biddle. Two members of this Conference, died. S. C. Briggs departed this life December 21st, 1845 ; aged sixty-two years — was a professor of religion forty-two years, the greater part of which time was spent in the ministry. The same week he left for the land of glory, he preached 1846 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 301 five sermons. Joseph Matheny died: aged forty six years . Iowa met at Columbus City, Iowa Territory, Au- gust 31st. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, J. Ever- hart assisted. Illinois met at Spring Grove, Green county, Wis- consin Territory, September 14th. Bishop Gloss- brenner presided, J. Denham assisted. Wabash met in Vigo county, la., September 28th. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, J. Hoobler chairman. David Fawcett and Alexander Long, departed this life during the past Conference year. St, Joseph met in Kosciusko county, la. , October 12th. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, F. Whitcom assisted. Scioto met at Bethlehem Church, Pickaway coun- ty, Ohio, October 26th. Bishop Glossbrenner pre- sided, E. Vandemark assistant chairman. For many years, the Church had deeply felt the necessity of having schools of good and religious character established, to which the youth might go and receive a thorough education, blended with mor- al and religious training, under the influence and in accordance with the doctrines and usages of the Brethren Church. The want of some such places, had caused many of our young people, to seek an education without the pales of the Church ; and un- der such circumstances as rendered the education thus obtained, a curse rather than a blessing ; for be it known, that education like the influences of the blessed gospel itself, will prove a blessing or a curse. 302 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1846 While it is a source of great good, it may be the instrument of great harm. This want had been deplored by many — brethren had talked and writ- ten on the subject — Conferences had passed reso- lutions favorable, and a large portion of the Church was very desirous to see some efficient action. At the last session of the Scioto Annual Confer- ence, a delegation from the M. E. Church at Wes- terville, Ohio, attended, and proposed to sell to the United Brethren, " The Blendon Young Men's Sem- inary," located in the above named village. A com- mittee was appointed to consider the propositions made, and report to Conference. Said committee reported favorably, and advised the appointment of three Trustees, clothed with authority to purchase the establishment. The buildings consisted of one three story brick building, 28 by 66 feet, the two lower stories finished ; the other a two story frame,, well finished, 26 by 44 feet, with a bell — the whole standing on a beautiful square of eight acres of rich soil, together with a library of three hun- dred volumes, &c, all of which was offered upon very reasonable terms. The Conference appointed Wm. Hanby, Jonathan Dresbach and Lewis Davis, Trus- tees for the purchase of said property, and at the same time, respectfully solicited the co-operation of Muskingum and Sandusky Annual Conferences, in the purchase and supporting of said institution. We will here anticipate the chronological order of our history, and trace this school beyond the present period. 1846 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 303 In November following, the Trustees appointed, closed a bargain with the Trustees of " the Blendon Young Men's Seminary," by taking a bond and giving obligations for the payment thereof. On the 25th of April, 1847, the Trustees met, and made the jffrst payment on the property, and made arrange- ments to commence school in the fall. The name was changed to u Otterbein University." Septem- ber the 1st, the first session of the Otterbein Uni- versity commenced with eight or nine students only. W. R. Griffith Principal, Lewis Davis Resident and General Agent. The school has been in progress up to the present time, 1851. Some years it quit expenses, and others it fell short considerably. At the present time, its prospects are more nattering than at any previous period. We should have re- marked, that the Sandusky and the Muskingum Conferences, have both united, and are in connection with the Scioto Conference, the joint owners of the school. We shall now return to the regular order of our history as to time. A German Paper. — On the first day of October, 184,6, a German Paper was issued at the Telescope Office, Circleviile, Ohio, bearing the title, " German Telescope," a semi-monthly publication, at $1 per annum. N. Altman Editor. It is proper to remark here, that this was not the first effort made by the Church, to publish a paper ,1^ the German language. In the spring of 1840, J. Russel, resident for the time b v eirig, of the city of Baltimore, encouraged by 304 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1846 many of his friends, issued a semi-monthly sheet, with the title of " Busy Martha," the first number bearing date of March 7th, 1840. For some cause unknown to the author, its publication was suspended May 20th, 1841. The General Confer- ence of this same month and year, resolved to es- tablish a German paper in the city of Baltimore, Md., and accordingly appointed J. Russel, Cornelius Staily andH. Weighand, Trustees, and Jacob Erb Editor. By this arrangement, a transfer of the Martha was made to the Church. Its publication was again renewed, under, what was then supposed to be, favorable auspices ; the first number of sec- ond volume, bearing date of July 1st, 1841. This effort was also short-lived — the paper being dis- continued again, on the 22d of June, 1842. Its Editor making the following- declaration as to the causes of its discontinuance. He writes as follows : " With pain, I am compelled to notify the readers of the Busy Martha, that I have no prospects which would justify me in continuing its further publication in this place ; for it appears to me, as if almost everything that couldbe a hindrance, has been raised to prevent the publication of -a third volume of the Busy Martha. 1st. It appears to me, that the Trustees who were elected by General Conference, care nothing about the matter. 2d. The printer is.not disposed to print the Mar- tha any longer. 3d. A considerable number of subscribers have 1846 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 305 not paid for the second volume, which in justice, should have been done," &c. Hence the enterprise was abandoned for a time, though not without much dissatisfaction upon the part of the German mem- bers of the Church ; for many of them, as well as English, had contributed liberally towards the con- cern, and now that it should die so soon, was a mat- ter of regret. The next effort that was made in this enterprise, was to get the concern moved to Circleville, and start a paper there. Various pledges were given by the different Conferences, as to the number of sub- scribers that would be raised, if the Trustees of the Religious Telescope would take hold of the matter. The Trustees on their part, were unwilling to start the paper again, short of one thousand subscribers. Finally, as has been intimated already, " The Ger- man Telescope made its appearance on the first day of October, of this year, (1846,) with about six hundred subscribers, edited by N. Altaian." Here we will anticipate the regular order of our history, and notice some further particulars connected with the German Telescope, which will present a concise view of it to the reader, from its rise to the present time. In May 1847, David Strick- ler from Eastern Pennsylvania, took charge of the Editorial department, and continued in that relation to the present time, 1851. At the General Confer- ence of 1849, in accordance with the wishes of some of the Eastern friends, its name was again changed to that of " Busy Martha," and provisions made for 21 306 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1846 its removal to Pennsylvania, provided the Confer- ences of that State desired such removal . Such desires, however, have not as yet been intimated, consequently its publication is still continued at Circleville, and its patronage far indeed beneath what it really should be. Perhaps at the present time, there are nearly eight hundred subscribers. We have thus sketched out the whole matter con nected with the German paper, that the reader might take a general view at once. With this year closed the earthly pilgrimage of Francis Whitcom. T. J. Babcoke writes as follows concerning his death, under date of December 26th, 1846: — " Brother F. Whitcom is dead ! He reached home after nearly a month's journey, and took his room, and left it no more until his death, which occurred on the 16th day of the present month. I saw him a few days before his death. He said, i all is well.' He now lies in a ; grave-yard within one mile and a half of Elkhart village, Elkhart county, Indiana." We must now bring up another subject connected with the history of Brethrenism in the year 1846, before we close this chapter. It is the great Church trial in Baltimore, Md. That the reader may understand the nature and extent of this trials it may be proper to remark as is intimated elsewhere, that Wm. Otterbein took charge of an independent congregation in the city of Baltimore, about the year 1774, and continued as the regular preacher thereof, until his death ; and 1846 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 307 since his death, said congregation has been regular- ly supplied with preachers from the Brethren Church; though said congregation's corporate name, is " German Evangelical Reformed Church," differing from the German Reformed Church, by the term " Evangelical." In February 1840, a petition was filed in the Baltimore county court, in the name of J. J. Meyer, Jacob Bier and Luther Ratcliffe, setting forth what they declared under oath, to be true, to the best of their knowledge, that the Church above alluded to, was, and of right ought to be, a regular German R. Church — that Wm. Otterbein was a member of said Church, in regular standing, until his death. That since the death of Otterbein, there had been an usurped dominion exercised over said congrega- tion, by the " so styled Conference of the ' United Brethren in Christ.' " The petitioners therefore pray that the court by a due course of law, cause a regular election of a pastor, to be held by said congregation — that such pastor shall be chosen " as the pastor of the German Evangelical Reform- ed Church, and subject to the government of the German Reformed Church." The petitioners fur- ther shew, " That the persons who claim to be El- ders and Trustees of the congregation, are Lewis Wise, George Kraft, J. Messersmith and G. Sickel, Elders; and, G. Rosgaw, E. Wigand, C. Kile and P. Kraft, Trustees, and that the said John Russel is minister thereof; to all of- whom your petitioners, 308 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1846 pray that these may be issued this court's writ of mandamus," * &c.,&c. Incompliance with' the above petition, the court on the 27th day of April, 1840, order that the Elders, Trustees and Ministers of the Otterbein Church in the city of Baltimore, show cause on Monday, the 11th day of May next, why the prayer of the peti- tioners should not be granted. The case was accordingly tried, and resulted in the entire failure of the petitioners — they having the cost of suit to meet, of course. In the Summer of 1842, some two or three mem- bers of the vestry were expelled from the Church, in consequence of immoral conduct — two or three more resigned their office, and left the Church. The vacancies thus occasioned, were all regularly filled. The German Reformed Church having failed in get- ting a preacher placed over Otterbein Church by law — a new project was now set afloat. The ex- pelled and withdrawn members of the vestry, turn round and declare themselves the true vestry of the Church — employ Samuel Chctelius, of Get- tysburg, Pa., belonging to the German Reformed .Church — come and break open the Church, and this Rev. Gentleman ascends the pulpit to do battle for the Lord. Here an out-break took place, — the civil authorities interfered, and the house was locked up by the Sheriff, and another suit, under a new as- pect, was commenced, i. e. to determine which party was legally the vestry of the Church. The Church * Mandamus. Law. Lat. " We order" — A writ which issues to a corporation, commanding them to restore or admit a person to an office. 1846 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 309 was locked up October 5th, 1842, and a long and very tedious suit commenced, which lasted until No- vember 1846 . J. Erb was the regular pastor of the congregation during this protracted suit. On the 12 day of November, 1846, his Honbr, Judge John C. Legrant, who presided in the Balti- more court, filed his opinion, not granting the pray- er of the plaintiff, for several reasons set forth in said document, and ordered judgment to be given in favor of defendants, — 3. Erb and others. On the 18th of same month, the long shut doors of the Otterbein Church, were once more opened. In the language of one of the members, " The sisters and some of the brethren, were soon on the spot, clean- ing, scouring and sweeping, preparing the church for Sabbath services. While in the midst of the work, Bro. J. Russel our beloved Bishop, and lady, made their appearance in the Church, as if by a wink from above. Here was joy upon joy. On Sunday morning, the long silenced bells began to ring once more, inviting friend and foe, as in days gone by, to come to the house of the Lord. This was a solemn hour ; as far as the sound of those bells could be heard, you could see old and young, white and black, standing in the doors, or looking out of the windows, gazing towards the spire of Otterbein's Church. The morning hour was improved by Bro. Erb, (who, his enemies said, should never enter the pul- pit of that Church, again,) his text was, ' Offer un- to God thanksgiving, and pay thy vows unto the 310 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1846 Most High ; and call upon me in the day of trouble, I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.' — Psalms 50: 14, 15. Bro. Russel preached at 3 o'clock, P. M. c Say ye to the righteous it shall be well with him, for they shall eat the fruit of their doings, 5 — Isaiah 3: 10." Thus ended a long and tedious trial. Before we close this chapter, we will relate an an- ecdote, that actually occurred during the progress of the above named trial. Prior to the commence- ment of the suit, the Church had been thoroughly repaired. A new pulpit of modern style and con- venience, had taken the place of the old one, which was set to one side in the church-yard. The Church now being locked up, and quite a jealousy existing between the ejected parties ; J. Russel went to the city, and announced through the city papers, that no preventing Providence, he would preach in Otterbein's pulpit the following Sabbath, at a speci- fied hour. Excitement was now all on tip-toe ! Have the civil authorities opened the Church? or will that stubborn man break it open himself? What does this mean? Preach in Otterbein's pulpit ? In the mean time, Russel had stationed the old pul- pit close to the wall of the church-yard, elevated some six feet above the pavement. At an early hour on Sabbath morning, crowds gathered around the closed Church, wondering what would be the result of the published appointment. When the appointed hour arrived, the old fox with his long and sturdy form, and usually dignified appear- 1846 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 311 ance, came moving slowly out of the parsonage — ascended the old pulpit, and preached a street ser- mon to a large congregation, of very attentive, yet much disappointed hearers. 312 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER XII. FROM JANUARY 1847, TO JANUARY 1848. Conferences of 1847 — Opposition to Colleges — death of Smaltz and Kramer — The effects of the Mexican war — A Church constituted in Philadelphia, Pa. This year, fourteen Annual Conferences were held. The first in the order of time, was Indiana — met at Mt. Lebanon Meeting-house, Harrison county, la., January 7th. Bishop Russel was detained at Dayton, Ohio, in consequence of high water, and did not reach the Conference. J. Lopp was elected Bishop pro tern, and B. Abbott to assist. White River met in Washington, Wayne county, la., January 18th. Bishop Russel presided, D. Sto- ver to assist. James Witt, member of this Confer- ence — a faithful and devoted minister, departed this life during the last Conference year. Miami met at Lewisburg, Preble county, Ohio, January 26th. Bishop Russel presided, assisted by H. Kumler Sen. Allegheny met at Mt Pleasant, Pa., February 4th. Wm. Hanby presided, assisted by John Wal- lace. J. Sypher and J. Zumbro, members of this Conference, died during this year. This Conference at the present session, resolved to locate an institu- 1847 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 313 tion of learning somewhere within its bounds, as may be hereafter designated. A committee of five was appointed to make the location, subject to a decision of Conference J. Ritter was appointed traveling agent, to solicit funds for said school. Sandusky met February 8th. Bishop Russel pre- sided, S. Long assisted. This Conference agreed to co-operate with the Scioto Conference in sustaining the Blendon Young Men's Seminary, and appointed D. P. Hurlbut, J. Berger and P. Flack, Trustees; J. Berger was appointed traveling Agent, to collect funds for the school ; Wm. L. Smith, Ezra Crary and Lawrence Easterly, died during the last year. Virginia met in Mt. Hebron Church, Washington county, Md., February 18th. J. J. Glossbrenner and Wm. Hanby, Bishops, present. R. Nyhizer and J. Gibbons, deceased during last year. Conference awarded to them the praise of having been pious and gifted — they died, it was said, in great peace. This Conference passed a resolution, to take into consideration, the propriety of publishing within its own bounds, a religious paper — the Telescope con- taining so much abolition doctrine, that it did harm rather than good, in the bounds of the Virginia Conference. Nothing since, however, has been done, unless it was merely to consider the matter. Muskingum met in Union Chapel, Stark county, Ohio, February 18th. J. Russel presided, A. Biddle to assist. Jacob Stambaugh died during the last year, in full assurance of a glorious rest above. Conference sympathized with his afflicted family. 314 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1847 East Pennsylvania met in Lebanon county, Pa., March 4th. Wm. Hanby presided, assisted by C. S. Crider. Pennsylvania met at Hershe's station, March 1 1th. Bishop Russel and Hanby were both present. I. Potter and J. B. Resler of the Allegheny Confer- ence, attended this Conference, for the purpose of securing the co-operation of the Pennsylvania Con- ference, in establishing and sustaining a Sem- inary to be located in the bounds of said Allegheny Conference, in view of which the following resolu- tions were passed: "Resolved, That this Conference is not only op- posed to erecting an institution of learning in the Allegheny Conference, but also opposed to the Blendon Seminary." "Resolved, That this Conference is also opposed to the institution of learning contemplated by the Virginia Conference." These resolutions we insert, that in future years it maybe seen, what opposition existed in portions^ of the Brethren Church against colleges ; and yet it is due to this Conference to say, that the members did not wish to be understood as opposing education ; but they regarded the spiritual death and formality of many of the Churches extant, as the legitimate re- sult of a collegiate education in the ministry ; and they feared that the same results would be manifest in the Brethren Church. However unsound we conceive this position to be, yet the members of this Conference, were doubtless honest in their senti- ments. 1847 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 315 Iowa met in Louisa county, Iowa, August 26th. Wm. Hanby presided. Illinois met at Lexington, McLean county, 111., September 9th. Wm. Hanby presided. R.P. Wil- lis died during the last Conference year. Wabash met in Otterbein Church, Coles county, 111., September 23d. Wm. Hanby presided, assisted by J. Hoobler. The death of John C. McNamer was entered upon the Conference journal — died in November last — aged sixty-seven years. He en- tered the ministry when young ; and was for many years a faithful and talented expounder of the word of the Lord. He was regarded as a man of strong powers of mind in the days of his manhood — though quite broken down and worn out for a num- ber of years prior to his death. St. Joseph met in Berrien, Michigan, October 7th. Wm. Hanby presided, E. H. Lamb chairman. F. Whitcom's death was entered upon the journal.* Scioto met in Cynthian, Pike county, Q^ October 28th- Wm. Hanby presided, E. Vandemark chair- man. Three of the ministers of the Scioto Conference were called to rest from their labors, during this year. The first in the order of time, was John Smalt?, who departed this life July the 1st, in the seventy-first year of his age. He was one of the German pioneers of the West — had labored in the ministry for thirty -five years — was successful in * See notice in last chapter* 316 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1847 winning souls to Christ, — honored his profession, and died in peace. Also, Johial Conn, died Angust 28th, in the tri- umphs of living faith. Bro. Conn had labored but a few years in the ministry — was cut down in the meridian of life. Lewis Cramer died September the 17th ; aged sixty-nine years. He labored thirty-five years in the ministry as opportunity served. Like many of the German Fathers, he labored and traveled much without pecuniary reward for his services. The Lord blessed him with a goodly share of worldly goods, and he proved himself a faithful steward. Notwithstanding, he labored free of charge, he was always ready with his means, to assist the poor and needy. His house always proved a home to the way- worn pilgrim. Many of our traveling preachers will long remember the kind treatment received in his hospitable dwelling He rests from his labors. During this year, the whole nation was immersed more or less, in the spirit of war. A bloodly war was kept up between the United States and Mexico, in which harder battles were fought, and perhaps more lives lost, than in the American Revolution. This state of things affected materially the interests of Zion. Recruiting officers were found in all the towns and villages from Maine to Georgia, on week day and Sunday, beating up for volunteers. The Church, to a very great extent, drank in the same spirit. Many church members, and even officers, such as leaders, exhorters, stewards, &c, volunteered 1847 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 317 to go to the field of carnage. In one or two instan- ces, preachers of the Brethren Chureh volunteered, and actually went. One of them fell in the field of battle. In view of this state of things, it may well be imagined, that this year was not replete with the out-pourings of the Holy Ghost. There were some few revivals in the Church ; but compar- atively, they were few, and not very extensive. The spirit of war, and the weekly news from the scenes of deadly strife appeared to absorb all other in- terests. With this year, dates the commencement of Breth- renism in Philadelphia, Pa. A gentleman in the above named city, by the name of No rcross, became acquainted to some extent, with J. Emrick, then stationed in Cincinnati; a correspondence was com- menced, touching the doctrines and usages of the Brethren Church — connected too, in this corres- pondence, was the name of J. W. Bonewell, then pastor of a small congregation in the city, of Amer- ican Primitive Methodists. This flock with its pas- tor, was desirous of finding some christian denomi- nation, with doctrines and government in accord- ance with their own, with whom they might unite. Brother Emrick forwarded them a discipline of the Brethren Church ; and this little silent missionary, was handed around from one to another, and read with interest and delight. Accordingly, Bro. Bone- well attended the Pennsylvania Conference, and for himself and in behalf of the Church, requested that the Church with its preacher, might be received into 318 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1847 the Brethren connection. Conference appointed George Miller, to visit and hold a few meetings with the preacher and his people, and if in his opinion, they were found worthy in walk and doctrine, he should receive them, and proceed at once to organ- ize a United Brethren Church in the city. The fol- lowing is Bro. Miller's own report touching that visit: " According to the act of Conference, I went to Philadelphia — started on good Friday, in the after- noon — was kindly received at the cars, by brother Bonewell ; stayed with the very kind friends until the following Wednesday morning. I tried to preach several times, and organized a Church of thirty-five members. Brother Bonewell has charge until next Conference. To the honor of God, and his cause, I must say, I think he has at least a little flock in this city." At the ensuing Conference, J. S. Kessler was ap- pointed to the city. His labors have been blessed in the conversion and accession to the Church, of many souls. There has been a good church-house erected, and prospects fair for the Church, in the city of brotherly kindness. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 319 CHAPTER XIII. FROM JANUARY 1848, TO JANUARY 1849. Conferences of 1848 — Death of W. Hastings, and J. Lehman — Re- vivals of religion — City of Nauvoo — Opposition from secret com- binations. Fourteen Annual Conferences convened this year, five of which changed to a, fall session, and met again this fall. First in the order of time, was the Miami, which held its session in Miltonville, Butler county, Ohio, January 6th. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, assis- ted by Henry Kumler Sen. David Kiser, member of this Conference, died within the lastyear. Virginia met at Churchville, Augusta county, Va., January 27th. Bishop Russel presided, assisted by H. Burtner. Indiana met in Orange county, January 20th. Bishop Glossbrenner presided. Wm. Foot died during the last year. White River met at White Chapel, Madison coun- ty, la., February 3d. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, J. A. Ball elected assistant. Sandusky met at Bretz's Church, near Melmore, Ohio, February 17th. Bishops Glossbrenner and Hanby were present — Glossbrenner having charge. This Conference resolved more than ever, to unite 320 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1848 its energies in raising funds, soliciting pupils, and using all laudable means to promote the interests of the Otterbein University. It reports 169 classes, 458 net increase, and 2907 communicants within its bounds. Allegheny met in Jefferson, Cambria county, Pa., and was opened and conducted by Bishop Russel, J. R. Sitman elected chairman. It was resolved, that the committee go forward to build a good plain, brick building, for a seminary, to be erected at Mt. Pleasant, Pa. East Pennsylvania met at Miller stown, Lebanon county, Pa. J. Russel Bishop, presided, assisted by C. Pefley. This Conference passed important res- olutions in favor of Sabbath-schools and missionary operations. Sermons were to be preached, and collections taken for the latter, and every laudable effort put forth to promote the former. Muskingum convened at Connotton, Harrison county, Ohio, March 3d. Bishop Glossbrenner pre- sided, J. Todd assisted. Conference resolved with- out a dissenting vote, to co-operate with the Scioto and Sandusky Annual Conferences, in sustaining the Otterbein University, and three Trustees were appointed in behalf of this Conference. Pennsylvania met at Littlestown, Adams county, Pa., March 2d. J. Russel Bishop presided, J. Erb appointed to assist. Iowa met at J. Shiveley's, in Henry county, Iowa, September 1st. Wm. Hanby presided, C. Troup as- sisted. The Conference resolved itself into a mis- 1848 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 321 sionary society, and appointed H. S. Denham Treas- urer ; and made it the duty of each traveling preacher, to preach missionary sermons, and take up annual collections for missionary purposes. Illinois met in Fulton county, 111., September 8th. Wm. Hanby presided, J. Denham assisted. Wabash met at Cross Roads Meeting-house, Ver- million county, la., September £lst. Wm: ( Hanby presided, J. Griffith chairman. St. Joseph convened at Jefferson, Clinton county, la., September 28th. Wm. Hanby presided, J. Petterhoff chairman. Scioto met at Pleasant Hill Chureh, Fairfield county, Ohio, October 19th. Wm. Hanby presided, assisted by E. Vandemark. Having sketched out the regular sessions of the fourteen Annual Conferences for this year, we shall briefly notice the sessions of five of the above which were changed from spring to fall, and consequently had two sessions this year. This change was made in consequence of 'high waters and bad roads — usual in the spring season, and which often 'prevented members from getting to Conference. Miami met in Farmersville, Montgomery county, Ohio, September 20th. Bishop Glossbrenner presi- ded, assisted by H. Kumler Sen. Indiana met inZion Chapel, Dearborn county, la., September 28th. Bishop-Glossbrenner presided, H. Bonebrake assisted. This Conference prayed the 22 322 HISTORY OF THE €HURCH OF 1848 next General Conference, to establish a mission in Oregon. White River met at Kingdom Chapel, Shelby county, la., October 6th. J.J. Glossbrenner presid- ed, D. Stover assisted. Sandusky met October 20th, in Lucas county, 0. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, J. Davis chairman. This Conference prayed the next General Confer- ence, to establish amission in Oregon. Numbers 196 classes, 451 net increase, and 3250 members. Muskingum met in Stark county, Ohio, Novem- ber 2d. Bishop Glossbrenner presided, J. S. Todd chairman. With this year, closed the earthly pilgrimage of two aged ministers of the gospel, of the Scioto An- nual Conference, to wit: Wm. Hastings- and Jacob Lehman. The first in the order of time, was Father Has- tings. He died in peace, on the 17th of February, 1848, in the seventieth year of his age. He was a native of New Hampshire — married at the age of twenty-four, and settled in Vermont, where he embraced religion ; and though hejoined no Church, he would often hold religious meetings, and exhort the people to repent and be religious. In 1813, he emigrated to Ohio, and some years afterwards, join- ed tjie Methodist Church, in which he sustained for some ten years, the relation of member and minister. Some twenty years prior to his death, he j oined the Brethren Church, and traveled a number of years in the itinerant ranksj until age and infirmity com- 1848 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 323 pelled him to locate. As a distinguished and talent- ed minister, Father Hastings will long be remem- bered by those with whom he labored and worship- ed. He became the father of Brethrenism in his own neighborhood ; and stood as a pillar in the Church. He possessed a sound and well matured judgment, and his counsel among the brethren, was highly appreciated. During, his last illness, he was often heard to complain of .himself, for not having preached more. On one occasion, lie said — " If I had my life to live over, I would preach as long as I could speak ten minutes at. a time." At another time, he said — "O Royalj" addressing his son, "let not the love of the world prevent you from preaching the gospel-" He bequeathed one hundred dollars to the Home Missionary Society, and the interest of one hund- red for ten years, to support Brethren preaching nearest to his residence. Jacob Lehman died May 30th, in full assurance of a blessed immortality, in the ninetieth year of his age. He was for many years a minister in the Brethren Church — of unimpeachable character — possessing at all times a full assurance of the prom- ised inheritance. He was a man of a very strong constitution, and did not appear to have any par- ticular disease when he died. The lamp of life ap- peared to burn weaker and weaker still, until it finally went out, and permitted the spirit to soar to other, and more heavenly regions. During this year, there were some interesting re- 324 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1848 vivals of religion in various portions of the Church. In the West, the work was much enlarged — doors were opened in every direction for our Western Missionaries. In Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, there were many souls born into the kingdom of grace. The spirit of war, by which the nation and the church too, had been so much excited, was now beginning to subside . The dreadful consequences of a bloody war, were now beginning to react up on the nation generally, and many bereaved families particularly. Hundreds of bereaved ones at home, who had in vain been looking for the return of be- loved friends, who had gone to fight a distant foe, and whose bones were now being bleached by the rains of heaven, turned their hearts to a fruitful source of joy and gladness. They sought — they found the Saviour. In other States too, God was sought and found to the joy of many hearts. In the Miami Valley especially, there were interesting revivals of religion. J. Coons writing from this region of country, in speaking of a protracted effort says: "It seems to me, that I never did see a better meeting, for deep convictions, bright conversions and unwavering iperseverence on the part of the preachers and members. They reminded me of the motto of the Spartans in their wars, which was "victory or death." These brethren seemed bound to push the battle to the very gates of the enemy. The number of conversions I cannot give. The number which have united with the Church in the 1848 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 325 last few weeks, is one hundred and two. May the Lord bless and keep them faithful until death." The Mormons having been dispersed from the city of Nauvoo, after the death — the unwarranta- ble death of their prophet Joseph Smith, quite a door of usefulness for the brethren, was opened in that desolated city. Emigration thitherward for the time being, was almost without a precedent. Hun- dreds of well finished houses were found in the city, free of any other rent, than that of merely taking care of the premises. The author visited this city during this year, and found quite a society, which had, under the labors of Bro. J. Terrel, been very recently formed. During this year, however, a sad misfortune befel the city, in the -destruction -by fire, of the great Mormon Temple. This was- the work of an incendiary, and has resulted in the destruction of the Mormon city. There was nothing left to at- tract public attention. Churches, to a considerable extent, went down, — business men left the place, and public enterprise was prostrated. This was an unforttfnate event. The Temple might have been converted into one of the finest college edifices in the United States. In and near Carlisle, Pa., there was a great re- vival of religion. The work become general ; va- rious churches having participated. On Huntingdon circuit, Allegheny Conference, there was considerable of revival influence. Bro. Stephenson writes, that at a protracted effort, there 326 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1848 were forty hopeful conversions. Bro. Benjamin Stickley of the Virginia Conference, writes: " In the latter part of October, I commenced a meeting, which lasted five days, and resulted in the conversion of twenty souls, and the organization of a new class of the same number. One hundred and twenty have been added to the Church since I came on Franklin circuit." During this, and also last year, our Society has been made to feel deeply the influences of persecu- tion, on account of the stand the Church for many years had taken in relation to secret societies. Ma- sonry, in its original aspect, never, to any extent at least, condescended to persecute the Church for the conscientious stand it had taken in reference to worldly associations ; but an association called " The Sons of Temperance," shielding all the justly objectionable features of secret combinations, be- hind the laudable enterprise of promoting temper- ance, were by no means sparing in their denuncia- tions of the Brethren Church, as " being opposed to temperance" This move connecting as it did, a cause loved and cherished by the pious and the good of all christian churches, with secret grips, counter signs and pass words, all of which features are more characteristic of war, than a universal brotherhood; and justly opposed by respectable portions in all communities, has proved fatal to the cause of temperance. The Brethren Church was a temperance Church before this order had a being,, and it will still be a temperance Church when the 1848 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 327 Sons will be numbered with the things that are past. The Brethren Church had grown grey in the cause of temperance, lpng. before the Sons were born. 32S HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF CHAPTER XIV. FROM JANUARY 1849, TO JANUARY 1850. Annual Conferences of 1849 — General Conference of the same year — Discussion on Slavery — Discussion on Secret Societies — Election of Bishops. Fourteen Annual, and one General Conference were held in the year 1849. We shall briefly sketch the Annual Conferences first, or rather those which were held in the spring. Allegheny met in Johnstown, Cambria county, Pa., January 4th. Bishop Russel presided, assisted by J. R. Sitman. . Nathaniel Black was elected traveling agent for the contemplated institution of learning. Virginia met near Hagerstown, Md., January 25th. Bishop Russel and Glossbrenner were present, Rus- sel having charge. East Pennsylvania convened in Myerstown, Leb- anon county, Pa., February 14th. J. Russel presi- ded, assisted by C.-S. Crider. Pennsylvania met in Franklin county, Pa., Febru- ary 28th . Bishop Russel presided, J. Erb assistant. The Baltimore German Missionary Society, donated to this Conference, eight dollars per month, the coming year, for missionary purposes. There has been quite a religious interest manifested during the winter and spring of this year, upon the part of the 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 329 membership; and quite a general awakening among the unconverted. The ministers have made mani- fest improvement in the promotion of missionary operations. Upon the whole, there appears to be a more systematic state of things in all the operations of the Church. Having sketched briefly the Conferences which held their sessions in the spring of this year, we are brought in our connection, as to time, to the Gene- ral, which claims our attention next, after which we shall notice the rest of the Conference sessions. The tenth General Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, convened at German- town, Montgomery county, Ohio, May 14th, 1849. J. Russel, J. J. Glossbrenner, and Wm. Hanby, Bish- ops, were present. Conference was called to order by Wm. Hanby, who opened the same, by reading a chapter, and addressing a throne of grace. J. Russel addressed the Conference in German, and J. J. Glossbrenner in the English. The names of the following delegates were called, and took their seats, to wit: Pennsylvania Conference — J. Erb, Geo. Miller, J. Fohl. East Pa, Conference — C. Pefley, J.Roop,D. Gin- gerich. Virginia Conference — H. Burtner, J. Bechtel, J. Markwood. Allegheny Conference — J. B. Resler, J. R. Sit- man, Wm. Beighel/ 330 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 Muskingum Conference — S. C. Steward, A. S. Wade, J. Todd. Scioto Conference — J. Montgomery, D. Edwards,. M. Ambrose. Sandusky Conference — A. Spracklin, H. G. Spayth, J. C. Bright. Miami Conference — W. R. Rhinehart, W. Davis,. H. Kumler Jr. Indiana Conference — Henry Bonebrake, L. S. Chittenden, John Lopp. * Illinois Conference — Josiah Terrel. Wabash Conference — J. Hoobler, J. P. Shuey, J. Griffith. White River Conference — Daniel Stover, W. W. Richardson, C. W. Witt. St. Joseph Conference — J. Thomas, J. M. Her- shey,E. H.Lamb. The election of Officers for the Telescope Office, was next gone into, with the following result: Trustees — Jonathan Dresbach, Geo. Dresbach andWm. Leist. Editor of Busy Martha — David Strickler. Editor of Telescope — Wm. Hanby. Publishing Agent — Nehemiah Altman. The Conference, after attending to considerable business not of any interest to the General reader, next went into an election of Bishops, which resul- ted in the choice of Jacob Erb, J. J. Glossbrenner and David Edwards. The next subject which is of * Two delegates absent from this Conference. 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRJST. 331 any special interest to the reader, was a very inter- esting and quite excited discussion on secret combi- nations, and perhaps we cannot better give the views of the Church, than by copyi ng the arguments as furnished by the reporter, and giving the descisive vote of that body. Here they are, they may speak for themselves . " Br. C. W. Witt, chairman of the committee on se- cret combinations, presented the following report. " Free Masonry, in every sense of the word, shall be totally prohibited, and there shall be no connection with secret combinations ; (a secret com- bination is one whose initiatory ceremony is a secret,) and any member found connected with such society, shall be affectionately admonished by the preacher in charge, twice or thrice, and if such member does not desist in a reasonable time, he shall be notified to appear before the tribunal to which he is amena- ble ; and if he still refuses to desist, he shall be ex- pelled from the Church." Upon a motion to adopt the above report, the fol- lowing arguments were presented: Bro. Bechtel opposed the passage. He might be alone in this matter ; this was no difference to him. He had reasons for opposing the measure ; he was no milk and water man, and neither afraid nor ashamed to advance his sentiments He said the report included all secret orders . He was not much if at all, opposed to Masonry — could not, and would not turn a man out of the church, or refuse him admittance into the church on account of his being a Mason. The Odd Fellows are of ancient 332 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 origin, instituted in the days of Julius Caesar, a branch having broken off, were styled the I. O. of O . F. He could not turn them out or reject them. The object of the Sons of Temperance is noble, grand and benevolent. They put down distillation, and have done much good. The poor " Sons," have much opposition, by grogsellers, distillers, moderate drinkers, and ministers. Their secrecy was no ground of objection. We must have se- crets between confidential friends, families, &c. The disciples had secrets — warriors had secrets, (the countersign,) — the church had secrets — an- nual conferences have secrets — sometimes it was necessary to have secret sessions of conference, and ought to have more such. Those societies must have secrets. It is urged against these societies, that it is wrong to unite with the wicked. The apostle uses the command, " come out from among the wicked" in a qualified sense, we must not unite in lying, swearing, &c. They were doing good in Virginia, many drunkards were reformed. Bro. Witt was in favor of the resolution. If he thought it necessary, he would enter into the moral bearing of the question, but he thought it unneces- sary. The constitution and resolution were in per- fect accordance. If the interest of the church or cause of God should demand it, he would adduce arguments . Bro. Markwood thought, that until we were con- vinced that Secret Societies looked at the violation of intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical or civil law, to any extent whatever, we had no right to leg- islate in regard to them. Upon which he dwelt more particularly than upon any other thing. Bro. Thomas understood Brs. Bechtel and Mark- wood to be satisfied with our discipline as it is, and yet they urge that we have no right to legislate on this matter, because we knew nothing about Secret 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 333 Societies. This, in his opinion, was a prime reason why we should legislate upon it. If there is any good in them, they will not allow us to investigate that good, until we join them — for his part he was unwilling to risk burning his fingers . As world- lings they were welcome to enjoy the privileges of those Societies, but it was unsafe as christians - Look at the result in other branches of the church; they were rent in pieces. We had no dissensions, but were at peace from shore to shore. He related an anecdote of a person who said, " the United Brethren were the strangest people he ever saw ; they opposed every thing but religion" The United Brethren from their infancy, took their peculiar stand — let the world have their institutions, but let us stand to the old land-marks . Bro. Miller said, our church had been misrepresen- ted, he hoped unintentionally. The church had been represented as a Secret Society. We had no secrets such as referred to, and he did not want the church misrepresented. Bro. Hanby gave his definition of Secret Societies as being " any Society that cannot live when its password or secret is divulged." Take away all our secrets as a church, (if we have any,) and we still live and prosper. At the expiration of two years, it would be easier to legislate on this matter than now ; and it was easier now than two years ago. They, ( the Secret Societies ) will of them- selves fall to the ground. They have taken the dry rot. It is urged that we should not oppose them, from the circumstance that we are ignorant of their secrets, &c. Strange logic ! Must we receive an applicanfcinto the ministry because he is a stranger and refuses to give his views on theology? It had been asserted that we were afraid to legislate in re- lation to matters now under consideration. He re- pudiated the assertion; the United Brethren need not 334 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 be ashamed to promulgate their principles any where. It was said, the object of the Sons of Temperance was a laudable one; it was not so much the object we oppose as the modus operandi of obtaining that object. The Temperance cause had become wed- ded to a prodigal " Son . " Benevolence had been claimed for the Order. It was very selfish benevo- lence. It shuts the doors against the proper object of benevolence, and deprives the poor, the maimed, the halt and the blind from its fostering protection. They must pay the money in, before they can draw it out. The influence of these combinations were deleterious to the cause of Christianity. The church member belonging to them, leaves his class room tojoinin conclave or procession, with the Mo- hammedan, the Jew, or the Infidel. That tie binds him more closely than Christianity. Paul exhorts us not to be unequally yoked together with unbe- lievers ; yet the christian and infidel are here recog- nized as true yoke-fellows, and they pass by the place of worship to attend the lodges and process- ions . He had been informed by ministers of sister churches, that these institutions were robbing the very vitals of their Christianity . A member present of talent, piety and veracity, has withdrawn from conscientious scruples from one of these societies, inconsequence of its deleterious influence. Why wfts this if it was a good institution ? Bro. Kumler was strongly in favor of the resolu- tion. He would assume new grounds. His start- ing point was, that the churcb of God is adapted to the entire wants of man everywhere and at all times — in it dwells the Divine presence — the pillar of cloud by day, and the pillar of fire by night — a wall r on either hand while passing through deep waters — bread while traveling through the wilder- ness — the covenant between God and man — the shew-bread — manna — Aaron's budding rod — and 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 335 God's ministry to reform the world. In the church are the influences to convert the world. But it was objected that the church had become corrupt. If so, the institutions of Ahab and Jezebel will only make it worse. He went for the resolution because, 1st, Secret Societies divert the mind from the church and defeat its designs (1) in reference to the time demanded in attendance at the lodges . (2) in refer- ence to the money which must be expended. (3) in reference to stealing away the affections . He felt in this matter ; it came near home . His own rela- tions were affected by it. They used to be punctual in their attendance at divine worship ; now they passed it by to attend the lodges, they had their best and strongest affections. His 2nd argument in fa- vor of the resolution and against secret combina- tions, was, they cause prejudices in the church. He supposed a case : — He was the father of seve- ral boys, these boys every day go into a secret chamber at a particular hour ; my suspicion be- comes excited. I enquire, "boys, what are you doing in secret every day ?" They report, " noth- ing of any harm, father." Have I not reason to suspect something wrong ? But I see their enemies and mine, regularly in attendance with them, have I not still greater reasons to fear that all is not right ? Such is the case with members of the churches in connection with infidels and universalists . There is danger. Let us sound the tocsin of alarm. These Societies create an unnatural climate for the christian. Remove him from his proper cli- mate, and he cannot grow. It removes him too far north, and the climate is too cold. It makes him worldly-minded, and we have too much of that spir- it now. The Bible forbids secret combinations. They acknowledge they are not even auxiliaries to religion, and yet they carry the Bible in their pro- cessions. What solemn mockery ! In Mohamme- 336 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 dan countries they would carry the Koran. What a spotted leopard it is. The world loves Secret Soci- eties, and the world " will have its own." Let chris- tians stand aloof. Bro. Wade, had tried calmly to weigh the argu- ments on both sides ; he would not throw a straw in the way of his opponents. He felt that it was a subject of thrilling interest to every good citizen, and especially to christians. Was acquainted with the by-laws of the Sons of Temperance ; had been a firm temperance man for 16 years, but had no connection with secret combinations. Those who charged us with opposition to temperance, because we opposed the order, were ungenerous. It was untrue. He thought there was more assumed in taking the name than merely temperance. Secret Societies had become very unpopular,, and they had to append the popular phrase, "temperance," to draw in the unsuspecting, and give character to their disguised Masonry. The Washingtonians had in a great measure, been instrumental in the reform, and the " Sons" were running away with the credit. It reminded him of a prophecy (the original design of which he would not now stop to inquire,) in Isaiah 4: 1; " In that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, we will eat our own bread and wear our own apparel, only let us be called by thy name, to take away our reproach." Thus Ma- sonry disguised, proposes to take the endearing name of Temperance, to take away its reproach. Bro. Bonebrake — did not rise with the hope of converting any one, or to place anathemas upon those who dissented from him. We had as good rules in favor of temperance as the Sons. We pro- hibit the distillation, vending and use of ardent spir- its, and are consequently as good a temperance society as they — and better, in that we demand no initiating fee — we listen to the claims of the aged, 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 337 the infirm and the indigent. Benevolence was a heavenly word — it was an unoriginated attribute of God. Their benevolence was not the benevo- lence of the Bible. It goes no farther than their own fraternity. It conflicts with the requirements of our holy religion, and therefore no follower of the meek and lowly Jesus, who was benevolence itself, should stand in connection with them. Bro. Chittenden — was opposed to admitting members of secret orders into the church, from sev- eral considerations ; one of the principal of which was, that it was a species of infidelity. By joining them we tacitly admit that the church is incompe- tent to our reform and safety ; — this implies fallibil- ity of the precepts of religion, and consequently ap- proximates infidelity. Bro. Montgomery — had no fears of the result of an investigation of the subject. Good had already been done by the discussion, and he was willing to add his mite. He was astonished to hear a mem- ber from the other side of the house say, " he would receive a Mason into the church!" The resolution was the very spirit of United Brethrenism. We were told that we had no right to legislate in the matter. It was immoral in its tendency, and there- it was our imperious duty to keep it out of the church. He had the admissions of the Rev. Mr. Howe, a Presbyterian minister, who was a Son of Temperance and a Mason, that they come in con- tact with his religion. As a scriptural evidence against secret societies, he quoted Ephesians 5th chapter, 11th and 12th verses: — " Have no fellow- ship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rath- er reprove them ; for it is a shame even to speak of those things which are done of them in secret." Doctor Clarke says, " it was a secret society into which members were admitted by a pledge." They claim benevolence as one of Iheir cardinal principles. 23 338 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 Let us see. This is a gospel requirement. The Good Samaritan attended to the case of the neces- sitous, while the proud Priest and Levite passed by on the other side. Whether the Priest and Levite belonged to a secret association, he would not pre- tend to say, but perhaps the invalid was poor, and had failed to pay his weekly dues. The benevolence of the Sons lasts only while the money lasts. Bro. Ferrel had not intended saying anything, but he wanted his constituency to know that he had lift- ed his warning voice in favor of the resolution and against the admission of secret combinations. [ The balance of Bro. Ferrer's speech, the reporter did not hear, being necessarily absent.] Bro. Davis — conceived that the resolution would not change the discipline in its present form, as it now prohibited all secret associations — it only add- ed a clause of merciful dealings with offenders. The assertion that the " Sons" were instrumental in reforming those who were beyond the reach of other institutions, was untrue. When he traveled in this (Montgomery,) county, he became acquaint- ed with an inebriate whose age precluded him from joining the order. He used means for his reforma- tion, and by the blessing of God it was accomplish- ed. The resolution was on gospel ground. Peter says, " No prophecy of the scripture is of private interpretation." This refers to the scriptural in- struction. The " order" conflicts with God's na- ture. The Bible says " God is light ;" and the apostle says, " whatsoever makes manifest is light." This " Order" is darkness, and conflicts with the na- ture of God. We are told that we know nothing about them. Strange indeed! We have their Con- stitution and By-laws, and to say we know nothing of them, is to say that these works are untrue. Bro Spayth would vote for the resolution, al- though he did not approbate much that had been 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 339 said on the affirmative. He would have preferred leaving the discipline as it is, four years longer. The lever was working admirably. He feared that the zeal of some would furnish the intemperate with weapons. He could vote for the resolution because it recommended mercy to the offender. Bro. Edwards thought enough had been said. His views had already obtained publicity through another medium. He had heard nothing from any member that would militate against the temperance cause, and would go in favor of the adoption of the resolution. Bro. Markwood — once more in the struggle of the contest having obtained the floor, said, that he had with breathless anxiety waited to find himself convinced, by some at least, of all the things which were being said as in his position taken, and defend- ed in his first speech, but up to the present time, he remained where he had been from the beginning of this discussion . He thought that the arguments il- lustrative, and of other character, produced from the sacred Scriptures, were wholly irrelevant; and the effort entirely failing in the use of the Scrip- tures what remained as to the other argument, it pre- tended to say what he thought was not known at all. Here he produced facts in his possession, to show the truth of his last assertion. Being told that his time was about expired, he hastened to a close. Bro. Rhinehart thought many of the remarks were uncalled for. We have some among us whom we believe are pious, and would it be justice to turn those persons out of the church. If there was a bad bargain, it was when they were taken into the church. Offenses must come — they had come — but wo unto that man by whom they come. The resolution was ambiguous ; it says a " reasonable time" What shall we understand by a reasonable time ? It reminded him of the trial of " Scotch 340 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 John," who had been apprehended on a certain charge ; and was privileged to choose his own Judges at his trial. He chose Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. " You are a fool" said his accuser; "we shall never see them till the day of judgment." " This is the very time" returned John, " when I want to be tried." He asked the privilege to assume a neutral position to the resolution. Bro. Erb. — The offense came by the Sons of Temperance, if an offense there was. We had been in opposition to secrecy before the organization of the Order, and if they had given the offense, by joining us, and would not retract, hang the mill- stone about their necks. Bro. Bechtel. — We shall be voted down ; but let us struggle a little before we die, or are drowned. He was still unconvinced. The remarks made he conceived foreign to the subject ; the scripture quo- tations were inapplicable. The Sons of Temper- ance had done great good in Virginia, and been the means of making sober men and christians. The passage of the resolution would ruin the church in Virginia. Bro. Hoobler thought one society was enough to belong to at a time. If he was not satisfied with the rules and usages of the church, he would leave it. It had been urged in favor of Secret Orders, that they would not let their members go to the poor- house. Twenty-eight years experience had con- vinced him that no real United Brother had become the tenant of a poor-house. Bro. Miller said the Ladies had been appealed to aid in the Temperance reformation. This could be done by becoming " Washingtonians," with as much success as by becoming daughters. Christ was our example. Would he, if now upon earth, put on the regalia, and march in all their processions of music and torn-foolery ? 1849 THE UNITED BRETHBEN IN CHRIST. 34 1 Bro. Roop thought no one under the, influence of Divine grace would join a secret association. The Scriptures say, "the spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in king's palaces." Why was the spi- der there? He supposed to catch flies. It catches the fly — sucks the blood — and lets the shell hang. So do the " Sons of Temperance" serve the true temperance cause. They catch the unwary temper- ance man — get his money — his influence — and his energy, and let the true temperance cause suffer for the want of them. Bro. Resler said much credit had been awarded Secret combinations, because they would not suffer their poor to goto the poor-house. No wonder they did not. That poor man had paid in the money, and it would be unparalleled barbarity. But if their benevolence ever reached beyond their order, it did so unconstitutionally. A member from Vir- ginia feared the ruin of the church. He believed there would be twice as much gain numerically, as loss. Bro. Burtner assigned as a reason why so many of the Virginia brethren were connected with the Secret Orders, that a resolution upon that subject, had been indefinitely postponed by the Virginia Conference, and this opened the doors wide, and they flocked in like blackbirds into a swamp. Bros. Witt and Edwards each made some very appropriate remarks in favor of the resolution; but the reporter's energies failed through lassitude to dot them down. And having given the reader a pretty fair sketch he will close the remarks of this day, by giving the vote upon the final passage of the resolution : Yeas — Russel, Hanby, PefRy, Roop, Gingerich, Erb, Miller, Fohl, Resler, Beighel, Stewart, Wade, Todd, Spracklin, Spayth, Bright, Montgomery, Edwards, Am- brose, Davis, Kumler, Bonebrake, Chittenden, Lopp, 342 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 Richardson, Stover, Witt, Thomas, Hershey, Lamb, Griffith, Hoobler aDd Terrel— 33. Nays — Markwood and Bechtel — 2. Neutral — Burtner and Rhinehart — 2. A resolution was brought up, which re-affirmed the doctrine of the Church against Slavery, which passed by a majority of 24 to 7. After twelve days session, the Conference in the afternoon of May 26th, 1849, adjourned with much good feeling, and kind regard towards each other. Ten Annual Conferences were held in the fall of this year. Iowa met August 23d ; Illinois, August 30th ; Wabash, September 13th ; Indiana, September 27th; and Miami, October 11th. Bishop Edwards presid- ed at the above Conferences. White River met September 13th ; St. Joseph, September 27th ; Sandusky, October 5th ; Scioto, October 17th; and Muskingum, November 1st. Bishop dossbrenner presided at all of them. Benjamin Kiger of Illinois, H. Thurston of St. Joseph ; George Brown of the Wabash ; Frederick Bonebrake, A, Lambert and John Hoffman of Mi- ami ; E. Timmons, W. H. A. Trip of Scioto, and J. Naville and S. Cook of the Muskingum Conferences, died. During this and the previous year, the work ex tended to a very interesting extent in Michigan, through the labors of the preachers of the Sandus- ky Conference. Some four missions were located in the State, and a Presiding Elder district set off. The Sandusky Conference sustains some eight mis- 1849 THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. 343 sionaries within its own bounds, and sends one- fourth of all missionary collections to the Far West. STATISTICS OF 1849. CONFERENCES. PREACHERS. CIRCUITS.* CLASSES. MEMBERS. Allegheny, 45 16 2186 Virginia, 37 11 East Pa., 45 13 101 2301 Pennsylvania, . . .48 14 Iowa, 25 8 45 519 White River, 35 12 122 2748 Wabash, 45 11 91 2240 Indiana, 38 13 89 2458 Sandusky, 67 22 293 4157 St. Joseph, 31 10 81 1589 Miami, 93 22 168 4313 Scioto, 71 26 234 5819 Illinois, 38 13 76 1441 Muskingum, 61 28 1 67 4300 Total, 679 219 1,467 34,071 We have made use of every effort, to get faithful reports of the statistics of the fifteen Annual Con- ferences, but have failed in some instances as will be seen above ; and some of the reports are for 1849, others for 1850, and the two Eastern Conferences for 1851. From the above, it will doubtless be seen, that the supposed number of members in the Brethren Church, has been heretofore rated too high alto- gether. In an article published in the " He Passa Ecclesia" the supposed number was set down at * Including stations and missions. 344 HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF 1849 65,000. This was a supposition of our own, and proves to be incorrect ; and it is due to the public, to correct that error as far as possible. Of the Virginia and Pennsylvania Conferences, no reports have been received. Should these two Conferences contain anything like a fair proportion of member- ship, considering their age and extent of territory, we may be safe in setting down the whole number of members at forty thousand. This of course in- cludes the communicants of the Church only ; no account is taken of children, or those who are regu- lar attendants of Brethren preaching, all of whom are numbered by some other branches of the chris- tian Church. At the commencement of part second, it was an- ' ticipated to sketch the history of the Church up to the close of 1850. But this for reasons beyond the control of the author, cannot be done We are now some twenty four pages beyond the number anticipated at the commencement of the work, and must therefore close with the year 1849. It is but just to remark, that the history of a peo- ple spreading out as the Brethren have done, to be given in detail for twenty-five years, cannot be com pressed within one hundred and fifty pages ; a mere sketch is all that could be expected. In view of the time and space allotted to part second, we have done the very best we could, and hope that with all its faults, our humble efforts will be appre- ciated by the true friends of the Church.