THE EISENLOHR COLLECTION I-N EGYPTOLOGY AND ASSYRIOLOGY PRESENTED TO CORNEI,!, UNIVERSITY BY ' X902 h.dkLUt ijllJlPlr Cornell University Library PJ 3884.B86B57 3 1924 026 821 714 OUH LIBRARY, -. ClRCULAIlOfcl DATE DUE . /S ^ J» % >■■■ »r»T' — |>IW^^-^ r •™WW ^^^^^L^^ ^^^Mn r GAYLORO PRINT KOINU.S.A. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026821714 'J^HE TELL EL-AIAEM TABLETS BRITISH MXJSEUM. THE TELL EL-AMMM TABLETS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM WITH .f^XJTOTYFB E-^OSHyniLES PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES SOLD AT THE BRITISH MUSEUM ; AND BY LONGMANS & Co., 39, Patbenobtbr Row; B. QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly; ASHBR & Co., 13, Bedford Stebbt, Covbnt Garden; KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & Co., Patbrnostbr House, Charing Cross Road; AND OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, Amen Corner, London. 1892 HAKRISOlSr AND SONS, Pbintees in Obdinakx to Hee Majesty, St. Mabtin's Lane, London. This edition of the Tell el-Amarna Cuneiform Tablets in the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities of the British Museum is the work of Dr. C. Bezold. The Introduction and Summary have been written jointly by Dr. Bezold and Dr. E. A. Wallis Budge, Acting Assistant -Keeper of the Department. E. MAUNDE THOMPSON, Principal Librarian and Secretary. British Museum, 16th February, 1892. CONTENTS, PAGES. Intkoduction . . ix-xxiv Summary xxv-lxxxvi Bibliography . . Ixxxvii-xcii List of Tablets xciii, xciv Cuneiform Texts 1-141 List of Proper Names 143-157 Plates Nos. 1-24. INTRODUCTION The collection oF Cuneiform Tablets recently found at Tell ^i^di^g °f t^e . • 1 P , 1 Tell el-Amarna el-Araarna in Upper Egypt, consisted of about three hundred tablets. and twenty documents, or portions of documents. The British Museum possesses eighty-two, which were purchased for the Trustees by Mr. E. A. Wallis Budge in 1888 ; the Berlin Museum has one hundred and sixty, a large number being fragments ; the Glzeh Museum has sixty ; and a few are in the hands of private persons. The discovery is said to have been accidentally made by a peasant woman when searching for antiquities in the loose sand and broken stones at the foot of the mountains behind the village, in which there are several interesting rock hewn tombs. Tell el-Amarna, U^ill J.J' , is the modern Arabic name given site of to the village near the ruins of the town, temple and palace ^®^ ®^''^™^™^- which were built on the right or east bank of the Nile, about 180 miles south of Memphis, by Khu-en-aten or Amenophis IV., King of Egypt, about B.C. 1500. The town was called Khu-aten, or Khut-en-aten, ^ ~^ , ^ ~wwv [1 ^A^ ; the temple, Pa-aten, (| /v^ ; and the palace. Pa Khu-en-aten, ~^^^ 'Ss^ . With the tablets were found ; — 1. A clay seal having two impressions of the prenomen objects found of Amenophis IV. (IM^^ ' "^*' *'^ *^'^^*^- ■ Lepsius, Denkmalei; Abth. Ill, Bl. 97 ; Brugsch, Bid. Ge'og., pp. 82, 83. On Jacotin's Carte Topographique de I'jSgypte [1821], Sheet 13, between Haggi Kandll, J.jJa3 ' U-! and Geziret el-Tell, J.jJi VJ"^' *'® raarked the "Euines d'une Grande Ville figyptienue," which must indicate the ruius of Khu-en-aten's palace. ^ Now in the Royal Museum at Berlin. b TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. 2. Five square alabaster plaques, inlaid with the pre- nomen and name of Amenophis III. in dark-blue glazed faience} r^ ^^ If 3. A light-blue glazed faience plaque, rounded at the top and inlaid with the names and titles of Amenophis III. and his wife Thi in hieroglyphics of dark-blue yaiewce.'^ \ M 1^ o m At ft I ra J: Size of the tablets. This plaque was originally inlaid in an alabaster tablet which is now lost. 4. Cover of a vase or jar made of stone resembling rosso antico, and carved to represent a lion and a bull fighting, the style of which seems to indicate Mesopo- tamian workmanship.^ The size of the tablets in the British Museum varies from ?| in. X 41 in. to 2l 98 lines, the shortest 10 f in. X Ixi in. ; the longest text contains ' Now in the Royal Museum at Berlin. ' Now in the British Museum, Nos. 22,878 and 22,866. INTRODUCTION. XI The greater number are rectangular, and a few are oval ; Shape. and they differ in shape from any other cuneiform documents known to us. Some are flat on both sides {cf. Nos. 6, 25, 26, 44) ; some are convex on both sides {cf. Nos. 3, 41, 57) ; and some are pillow-shaped' (cf. Nos. 28-31, 36, 37, 61). In colour the tablets vary from a light to a dark dust tint, Colour and and from a flesb-colour to dark brick-red. The nature of the "^ "^ ' clay of which they are made sometimes indicates the couutries from which they come. No. 1, a draft of a letter from Amenophis III. to Kallimma- Sin, is made of finely kneaded Nile mud ; Nos. 8-11, 36, 87, and 41 are of the dark-red clay which is met with in the north of Syria; five of Rib- Adda's letters are written upon the yellow clay which is common near the Syrian coast ;® the tablets from Shubandi, Widya, and Shuardata contain fragments of flint.^ Nos. 1 and 1 1, letters from Tushratta, King of Mitani, have Dockets ; dockets which record the date of their arrival in Egypt ; No. 4, "^"''"^^ ^""^ ^^^ . . impressions. a letter from Burraburiyash, bears on the Reverse an impression of an Egyptian steatite scarab, which probably formed the bezel of a ring ; and No, 58 has on the Reverse an impression of a Babylonian cylinder seal. The writing on the Tell el-Amarna tablets resembles to a Writing, certain extent the Neo-Babyloniau, i.e., the simplification of the writing of the first Babylonian Empire used commonly in Babylonia and Assyria for about seven centuries B.C. It possesses, however, characteristics different from those of any other style of cuneiform writing of any period now known to exist ; and nearly every tablet contains forms of characters which have hitherto been thought peculiar to the Ninevite or Assyrian style of writing. But, compared with the neat, careful hand employed in the ofiicial documents di'awn up for the kings of Assyria, ' Compare the name given to such tablets by the Arabs : jo jLs>^ " pillows." ' Judging from the colour of the clay alone, No. 44 must belong to a letter of Rib-Adda. ' See plates 12 and 14. b2 xu TELL EL-AMABNA TABLETS. Paragraphs and margins. Division of words. Punctuation. Syllabic spelling. it is somewhat coarse and careless, and suggests the work of unskilled scribes. One and the same hand, however, appears in tablets which come from the same person and the same place. On some of the large tablets the writing is bold and free ; on some of the small ones the characters are confused and cramped, and are groups rather of strokes than of wedges.^ The letters of Tushratta ^ (Nos. 8-11), Ammunira (Nos. 26,27), Akizzi (Nos. 36, 37), the inhabitants of Tunip (No. 41), Widya (No. 52), Pu-Adda (No. 56) and Labawi (No. 61) are divided into paragraphs by straight lines drawn across the tablet. Some paragraphs begin with the word shanitu, " moreover." On certain of the tablets the left-hand edge is inscribed with one or more lines of writing which form the end of the document and which read from the top of the tablet to the bottom ; in letters found at Kouyunjik such lines read from the bottom to the top. A wide margin was sometimes allowed for such lines (see Nos. 30, 36, 37). In ordinary Babylonian and Assyrian documents the scribe usually ended a line with a complete word ; in the Tell el- Amarna tablets a break in a word at the end of a line is more frequent. Sometimes the concluding portion of the word is carried over to the beginning of the following line f but more generally it is written immediately beneath the first part of the word, and is then distinguished by a diagonal wedge, \ or \ placed before it. An attempt at punctuation seems to be indicated by the red dots on No. 82 [see p. Ixxxv). The spelling is, with few exceptions, syllabic, and compara- tively few ideographs occur. It is often careless, and in some instances syllables have been omitted. At present it is not possible to say whether the irregular spelling is due to the ' Nos. 26 and 27 are examples of a very remarkable hand ; for the peculia- rities of that on No. 82, see below, p. Ixxxv. ^ In this Introduction, and in the Summary which follows, the common forms of proper names have been adopted ; for exact transcriptions see the List of Proper Names on pp. 143 ff. « No. 45, I. 30 f. ; No. 47, 1. 5 f. ; No. 79, 1. 11 f. INTRODUOTIOX. XI II ignorance of the scribe, or to dialectic peculiarities ; in either case much useful knowledge concerning the grammatical struc- ture of the language is to be gained therefrom. The Semitic dialect in which these letters are written is Language. Assyrian, and is, in some important details, closely related to the Hebrew of the Old Testament. The forms of pronouns are particularly noteworthy. A peculiar feature in these tablets is the numerous glosses Glosses, which occur. They are of three kinds, and consist of: — 1. Explanations of Sumero-Accadian ideographs by Assyrian words spelt in syllables ; the ideograph coming first, and the Assyrian word second, but separated from the ideograph by a diagonal wedge, e.g. : — a. &-yy \ IV, su - us ya - -■■-, or by a doubling of the ideograph ; but in these tablets we find !«-«- -^I?, or the doubled ideogi-aph plus T"-"-, or *->- ^]. Usually, pronouns ai-e placed after the sign for the plural ; but in these tablets they sometimes come before it. The two wedges, the sign of the dual, which are usually placed after the noun, e.g., <(y^ify " eyes," K^IT "feet," appear in these tablets before the noun. In compound ideographs the order of the signs is sometimes inverted, e.g., t:-W AV, for &!!? m^, ^ ^ for >2^ ^, 4S - ••>- of the Arabs. ' Dumichen, Historische Inschriften, II, pi. 14. -> « INTRODUCTION. XVU at once set out to crush the rebels, and marching by the way of the Peninsula of" Sinai reached tlie loyal city of Gaza in a few day^. He there learned that Megiddo was in the hands of the Prince of Kadesh ; sixteen days later the two armies joined battle ; the rebels were defeated and Megiddo was captured. In the 23rd year of his reign the princes of Ruthen and Mesopotamia paid tribute to him, and he received as his wife the daughter of tlie prince of Ruthen. This seems to have been the beginning of the custom of Egyptian kings to take wives from the royal houses of the nations whom they con- quered. His example was followed by Amenophis III., who married several princesses from Mesopotamia ; by Rameses IT., who married a princess of the Cheta ; and by Rameses XII. , who married a princess of Bechten. During the 24-30th years of his reign Thothmes captured Tunip, where he established the worship of the gods Amen and Harmachis ; Aradus, Tyre, Kadesh on the Orontes, and Carchemish. In the 33rd year of his reign he set up a tablet at Ruthen, near that of Thothmes I., mentioned above, and another at Nl, a town on the Euphrates. He also received tribute from the Cheta and other powerful nations. His last great campaign, against the powerful league of the kings of Kadesh, Tunip, Arantu, etc., took place in the 41st year of his reign. In the Tell el-Amarna tablets Thothmes III.^ is named Manakhbirya = Men-cheper-Ra, fo^^^ of the Egyptian inscriptions, and his institution of the worship of Amen and Harmachis at Tunip seems to be referred to in a letter from the people of this city,^ probably to Amenophis IV., in which they claim his protection as Thothmes III. had protected them, and because the gods of the two countries are the same. The lists of countries and cities subdued by this king in Palestine, Syria, and Mesopotamia, which are engraved on the walls of the temple of Karnak, together with the Tell el-Amarna ' See p. Ixx. '' No. 41 ; see below, p. Ixxi. B.C. 1566. B.C. 1533. B.C. 1500. xviii TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. tablets, afford the means of identifying a considerable number of cities in Western Asia. Amenophis IL, In Eutlien Amenophis II. slew seven kings, and took their bodies to Egypt ; six were hung up at Thebes, and one in Napata in Nubia. He marched as far as Nl on the Euphrates, where be was well received. Thothmes IV., Thothmes IV. is said to have conquered all his foes from the far south of Nubia to Mesopotamia on the north, but no details of his expeditions are forthcoming. Amenophis III., Amenophis III., the son of Thothmes IV., was not a great- conqueror Hke his grandfather ; but the Egyptian monuments state that he subdued Kadesh, Tunip, Sankar, Carchemish, and north-western Mesopotamia. His expeditions, however, to these countries partook more of the nature of triumphal pro- gresses than of wars : lion -hunting in those parts being apparently one of the chief attractions. Several large steatite scarabs state that he slew one hundred and two lions with his own hand during the first ten years of his reign. Wives of From the Tell el-Amarna tablets we learn that besides Thi, the Mesopotamian princess whose arrival in Egypt in the 10th year of his reign is mentioned on a scarab,' Amenophis III. married at least five other ladies from various parts of Western Asia. From the first tablet in our series it appears that he had already married a sister and a daughter of Kallimma- Sin, King of Karaduniyash, a country probably lying to the north-east of Syria, and that he was renewing a proposal for another daughter named ^ukharti [i.e., "little one"). He had originally made the proposal when Sukharti was a child, and negotiations had consequently to be delayed until she had grown up, when Kallimma-Sin himself informed him of the fact. The tablets numbered 8, 9 and 10 prove that from the house of Shutarna, son of Artatama, King of Mitani, Amenophis married two ladies, viz., Gilukhipa, the sister of Tushratta,^ son 1 The text is published by Brugsch in ^g. Zeits., 1880, p. 82. ' He succeeded to the throne of Mitani after the death of his brother, Artashumara, who had been murdered by rebels. Amenophis. INTRODUCTIOX. XIX of Shutarna, and T4tumkhlpa, Tushratta's daughter. Of the latter no mention is made in the Egyptian inscriptions ; but it is stated on the scarab mentioned above that GRukhipa, " ^^ u j^^ v\' ^^^^'^P^> ^^® daughter of Shutarna, the Prince of Mesopotamia, was brought to His Majesty together with three hundred and seventeen of the first ladies of her train." ^ The Tell el-Amarna tablets show that Tushratta frequently sent gifts to his sister and daughter with the letters which he sent to his son-in-law Amenophis. Neither Gilukhipa nor Tatumkhipa was acknowledged " Queen of Egypt," this honour being reserved solely for the lady Thi, or Tii, ( 1 1^ w ^ ] , who, as already stated, had become the wife of Amenophis in the 10th year of his reign. Her father's name was luaa, fl Q ^ "^^ ^ - and her mother's s= ^ (1 ^^ Jj , Thuaa. It is not stated that she was the daughter of royal parents, but the frequent occurrence of her name on scarabs, rings, vases, amulets and other objects bears testimony to the unusual position and influence of this queen. The tomb of a Queen Thi, who is described as " royal daughter, Thi, Queen of royal sister, royal mother, royal wife, great lady, lady of the ^^P*' North and South," ^ was opened early in this century at Thebes. There is little doubt that it was the tomb of the chief wife of Amenophis. The portrait of this lady ^ represents her with a fair complexion and blue eyes ; the colour of her skin is that of natives of north-eastern Syria. Thi was the mother of Amenophis IV. She also gave birth to a daughter, Set- Amen, anit en hen-f an^ ut'a senb set ur en Neherna III en III -yyf. INTRODUCTION. XXI of my brother's despatch, and I have understood them. And now, I say that just as I was in friendship with Mimmuriya thy father, so also will I be more than ten times more so with Napkhurriya. Thus did I s})eak to Kh&,mashshi, thy messenger." It is certain that Napkhuriya is the Babylonian form of the prenomen of Amenophis IV., Nefer-cheperu-Ea, f O J § I J , and it is equally certain that by Mimmuriya is meant his father, and not his grandfather. Moreover, the occurrence in the Berlin Tablet No. 24, which, it is admitted, is addressed to Araenophis IV., of a reference to the messenger Kh^mashshi, is a proof that both it and Tablet No. 23 are contemporaneous. It is quite evident from paragraphs II and III of Tablet No. 9 of our series, as will be seen on referring to the Summary at the end of this Introduction, that Tushratta only ascended the throne of Mitani after Amenophis had begun to reign in Egypt, and on this account he specially asks him to continue to himself the friendship which he bore to his predecessor Shutarna. In this tablet the King of Egypt is named Ni-ib-mu-a-ri-ya, and in No. 10, Ni-im-mu-ri-ya ; both of which forms I'epresent the Egyptian Neb-Mat-Ra, i.e., Amenophis III. Moreover, No. 10 bears a hieratic docket stating that the tablet was brought to Egypt in the 36th year of the king, who must have been Amenophis III.; for Thothmes IV., according to the testimony of all the authorities, including the monuments, reigned less than ten years. In Tablet No. 8 the king's name appears as Mimmuriya (or Immuriya), and internal evidence shows that it was addressed to the same person as Nos. 9 and 10. Finally, in Tablet No. 11 the Queen of Egypt is quoted as styling her husband Mimmuriya, and apparently as referring to Napkhurriya (Amenophis IV. ) as his son. ^^Y 40 !.m ^y [Qi| 1^ Alesa is mentioned pretty often; and it is most probable that the Egyptian Alesa and the Assyrian Alasiya are one and the same town or city or district. A country called (J ^ "S -®^ I Asale, ■J •' 1 2li I I r^^^/i mentioned in British Museum Papyrus No. 10,247, p. 23, 1. 6 {Select Papyri, pi. 57), was thought by Chabas [Voyage, p. 225) to be another form of (1^ '9 1 Alesa; and Maspero (Recueil, t. X, p. 210) is of the same opinion. In 1. 49 of the present tablet, the King of Alashiya seems to refer to the countries of Khatti and Shankhar as if they were neighbouring tributary states. If this be the case, Alashiya was probably situated to the west or south-west of Tunip and Aleppo, and sufficiently near them to be able to supply a contingent of men to the great league of cities of Northern Syria, which lost no opportunity of rebelling against the kings of Egypt. In the Egyptian inscriptions the general position of Alesa and the cities mentioned in connexion with it is sufficiently indicated, and it may without much hesitation be assumed that by the names Alesa and Alashiya, the Egyptian and Babylonian writers indicated the same country. In the annals of Thothmes III. and Amenophis III. no mention appears to be made of Alesa, but during the reign of Eameses II. it is certain that the people of Alesa included among their allies the inhabitants of a number of cities to the south-east and south-west and west of Aleppo; for in the list of the conquered peoples of Northern Syria drawn up for that king ^ The name of this king is unknown. * Probably Amenophis III. or his son Amenophis IV. xxxiv TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. {see Denlmaler, Abth, iii, Bl. 131) the names of Neherni (Meso- potamia) |-g ^c=^, yiZesa (j^ i ^\^^ ax\d Sanlcert ^\ j^ ^ {Denkmciler, Abth. iii, Bl. 145a) are grouped together.. The King of Alashiya states in his letters that he sends as gifts to the King of Egypt bronze, wood, oil, and horses ; and British Museum Papyrus No. 10,249 (Anastasi IV.), pp. 16, 11. 2-4; 18, 11. 8-10 {Select Papyri, pU. 96 and 98) mentions as products of Alesa and the neighbouring countries horses, unguents, cows, etc. There appears to be little doubt as to the identity of the countries. That the Egyptians believed Alesa to be the same country as that called Alashiya by the Babylonians we know from the hieratic docket written upon one of the Tell el-Amarna tablets preserved at Gizeh (B., No. 12) and inscribed with a letter of the King of Alashiya, the transcript of which reads a ~^ ~^"^ TO W^ "'•'^^ ^ y 1 '^^^ *^^^ en ser en Alesa, " Letter of the prince of Alesa." The present letter begins : " To the King of Egypt, his brother, thus saith the King of Alashiya, his brotiier : ' I am well, and it is well with my government, with my wife, with my children, with my nobles, with my horses, and with my chariots, and in my ter- ritories is great peace. And with thee, O my brother, and with thy government, with thy wives, with thy children, with thy nobles, with thy horses, with thy chariots and with thy territories may it also be well.' " The King of Alashiya next announces that he sends his own messenger to accompany the messenger of the King of Egypt, and also that he sends 500 pieces of bronze as a gift to " his brother " the King of Egypt, praying him not to be offended because of the small quantity, as the " hand of Nergal," i.e., the pestilence, had killed all the people of his land and it was not possible to continue the manufacture ; therefore let him not " take it to heart." He then begs the King of Egypt to send the two messengers back to him as soon as possible, and promises to send him in the future as much bronze as he may wish ; in return he asks for a large amount of silver of which he is in need to make a contribution to the temple of his gods, and he offers to send to Egypt whatever Amenophis may wish for. He also sends by the hand of his messenger an ox, and SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. XXXV two measures of choice oil, for which Amenophis had asked, and accompanying them, also, as a gift, runners " swifter than eagles." The meaning of the next paragragh is not clear, but it appears to refer to some horses and chariots which had become the property of the King of Egypt. In the following paragraph the king states that one of his subjects died in Egypt, where he left property, and, as his wife and son live in Alashiya, he asks Amenophis to have the property collected and to send it back to the relatives of the deceased by the hands of the Alashiyan messenger. About three years before an Egyptian messenger had arrived in Alashiya, and having remained there some time was unable, through the pestilence, to leave the country. The King of Alashiya now begs the Egyptian king not to take this amiss, and, making the severity of the epidemic an excuse for the Egyptian official's delay, points out that his own palace had been attacked, and that the child to which the queen had recently given birth had fallen a victim to the disease. Repeating his request that Amenophis will send the money and the property of the dead Alashiyan, the king begs him not to make any treaty or league with the Kings of Khatti ^ and Shankhar,^ and promises that whatever gifts they may send to him he will pass on to the Egyptian king, together with the addition of a like amount from himself. The idea of the King of Alashiya^ is, apparently, to 1 This country has often been identified with the Egyptian j=j I Cheta. 2 A country called '9 . 5 ^\ I Sanhar, situated near Cheta and Alesa and (J ^ -^N? Amaure, is mentioned in the Earyptian inscriptions, and probably represents the country called Shankhar by the Babylonians. Sankar was famous for its fine horses, c/ 8 ^ Q { '^ ^"^^ "^ "^ \ ^^ '^^^ ml© 77T "o" . . ® ^ <=> I (B.M. Papyrus Jv'o. 10,249, p. 18, 1. 9). The III I III I I I I _M^ I l >^^ ^ ^•' > ) ^' ! y orthography of Shankhar is precisely the same as that of the Hebrew 15?36?' Shinar, the name having possibly shifted in process of time from tiie eastern frontier of Babylonia to the Singar hills, adjoining the country of the Khatti. The horses of the desert south of the hills are still famous. It may be conjectured that the site of Alashiya was near Kharran, but the name is not to be recognized in the geography of the district. 3 Four letters of the King of Alashiya are preserved at Berlin (B., Nos. 11, 13, 15, 16), and three (?) at Gizeh (B., Nos. 12, 14, 17 (?)). e 2 XXXvi TELL EL-AMABJS'A TABLETS. prevent Amenophis from opening up any direct communication with his own neighbouring friends and allies. In the last paragraph the king appears to say that he has given his messenger full power (?) to act. on his behalf, and that he hopes that the Egyptian king will do likewise. 6. — Letter from the King of Alashiya to the King of Egypt. After salutations, he complains that the Egyptian messenger did not come into his presence. He is anxious to hear if Amenophis is angry with him, and in his uncertainty he sends a special messenger and with him one hundred talents of bronze. Previously he had sent to Egypt, by the hands of an Egyptian messenger, a wooden couch plated with gold, a chariot decorated with gold, two horses, garments, precious stones, oil, etc. Here follow eighteen lines so mutilated that it is impossible to give a connected rendering of them. But it appears that several of the gifts were lost on their way to Egypt. After this break, the text seems to refer to a wish on the part of the King of Alashiya to make arrangements for the transport of merchandize,^ and to the pa,ssage of the Egyptian and Alashiyan messengers in safety. He complains that, while he sends to Ameno- phis everything that he wishes for from his coiintry, Amenophis gives him nothing in return, although he has been in the habit of sending gifts to the Egyptian king ever since he ascended the throne. 7. — Letter from the King of Alasiya [Alashiya] to the King of Egypt. After the usual salutations, he announces the despatch to Egypt of a gift consisting of five talents of bronze (?) and five pairs of horses, etc. He has sent the messenger of the Egyptian king back to his country quickly, and he prays that Amenophis will send back ' Compare the commercial treaty proposed by Amenophis III. to Kallimma-Sin, King of Karaduniyash {see pp. xxvii, xxviii). On a tablet at Gizeh (B., No. 12, 11. 14 ff.), the King of Alashiya introduces his merchant Qamgar) to Amenophis by letter. SUMMAKY OF CONTENTS. XXXVll the Alashiyan messenger with equal speed ; if he needs any further gifts and will write them on a tablet, they shall be sent to him without delay. He also urges Amenophis to send back the Alashiyan messenger with the much-needed money. The end of the text is much mutilated, but enough remains to show that the letter was despatched to Egypt by a special mission consisting of four or five members, among whom were Kunia, Itilluna, and Ushbarra (?).^ 8. — Letter from Tushratta, King of Mitani,^ to Amenophis III.,^ King of Egypt. This tablet is the largest and finest of the collection, and very few signs are wanting in the text, which is written in a bold, clear hand. The letter is divided into thirteen paragraphs, the contents of which are as follows : — Par. T. " To Mimmuriya, the Great King, King of Egypt, my brother, my son-in-law, who loveth me, and whom I love, thus saith Tushratta, the Great King, thy father-in-law, who loveth thee, the King of Mitani, thy brother : ' I am well, and may it be well with thee, with thy government, with my sister and thy other wives, ^ These names are not mentioned elsewhere in the Tell el-Amarna tablets. ' The principal variant forms of this name are Mittdnni, Mitani, and Mitan, A country also called Mi-ta-a-ni, in which Tiglath-Pileser I. went to hunt wild cattle, is mentioned in the aijnals of that king {see Rawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions:, Vol. I, pi. 14, 11. 62 ff.). Whether the two countries are identical is doubtful. In line 17 of the famous stele which records the conquests of Thothmes III. (for the text see Mariette, Karnak, pi. 11, and Mariette, Notice de Bulaq, p. 80), mention is made of a country called V\ Mdthen, which, as it is referred to in connexion with JiJ^ S=3 rv/-wi the " country of the West and Phoenicia " 5=s5=f ft ^^. c^vi , was probably situated on the eastern border of Syria, facing the great Mesopotamian desert, and may well be compared with the Mitani over which, in later days, Tushratta ruled. In the list of nations conquered by Rameses III. about b.c. 1200, inscribed upon the outer wall of the Temple of Medtnet Habu, the name of this country also appears to occur in the form . ' = The characters in brackets are added from a comparison with the docket -m B., No. 23. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. xliii Eenpit XXXVI abet IV pert dutu em pa Be^et rest mdtet en ta sat an en aputi 1. Year 36, mouth IV of pert,^ was [the king] in the 2. southern palace Copy of the 3. letter . . . [which] brought the messenger of . . . 11. — Letter from Tushratta, King of Mitani, to the " Queen of Egypt." The text is in seven paragraphs, but is mutilated in several places ; and, as no one line is complete, it is impossible to make any connected version from it. Par. I. Tushratta sends greeting to the " lady of Egypt," to her son Napkhurriya [afterwards Amenophis IV.], to the bride T^tukhlpa (one of the wives of Amenophis III.), and hopes that it is well with all that belongs to her. The word halldtu, here translated ' bride,' has in the other Semitic dialects also the meaning of * daughter-in-law ; ' but this meaning is unsuitable here, for in lines 8, 11 and 13 it is expressly stated that the husband of the lady to whom the letter is addressed^ is "Mimmuriya" [Amenophis III.], and in the speech which Tushratta puts into the mouth of the Queen of Egypt, Mimmuriya is referred to as " my husband." The only queen of Egypt who could have been the mother-in-law of T^tukhlpa was Mut-em-ua, the mother of Amenophis III. The letter, however, is not addressed to her ; but probably to Thi, who is described on the Egyptian monuments as " royal daughter, royal sister, royal mother, and royal wife."^ Par. II refers to some friendly arrangement between the royal families of Mitani and Egypt, which was known to Mani, an Egyptian messenger, and to everyone else. In Par. Ill Tushratta refers to the queen's request, through the messenger Giliya, that he would not dissolve the friendship which ' I.e., the Coptic month Pharrauthi, which began on March 27. ' See above, p. xxi. ' See above, p. xix. /2 xliv TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. had been maintained between the royal houses by Shutarna and Amenophis her husband. Par. IV seems to express a wish that this friendship may be made ten times stronger than before ; and in hnes 38, 42, 46 and 51 Napkhurriya is mentioned. In Par. VI luni, a wife of Tushratta, is twice named ; and in Par. VII the gift sent to the queen by Tushratta, consisting of three (or five) full measures of choice oil for anointing, and other things, is recorded. On the lower part of the Reverse are the remains of two hnes, in hieratic writing, too much defaced to be legible ; on the left-hand edge the memorandum of an Egyptian scribe, which probably recorded the date of the receipt of this letter and some few characters of which still remain, is carried over from the foot of the tablet. 12. — Letter from Eib-Adda,^ governor of Byblos,^ to the King of Egypt. ^ " Thus saith Rib- Adda to the lord and king of the world, the Great King, the king of the universe : ' May the Lady of Byblos* give strength to the king, my lord ! ^ Seven times and seven times do I prostrate myself before the feet of my Lord and my Sun.'" ' The second part of this name = Heb. l!iq, Gt."ASu>Sos. Addu (^ j$y £^y) and Dadu (^>f Kyy t^'f) are, on tablet K. 2100, col. I, 11. 16, 17, said to be the names of the god Ramman (Rimmon) in the country of MAKrKi (g:y|.- i^^ ^°^ mak-tu-ri, i.e., probably the country now called Syria. 2 Gr. Bw/SXo?, in Babylonian Ou-ub-lu ; see Rawlinsou, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I, pi. 25, 1. 86; pi. 38, 1. 50; Vol. Ill, pi. 16, col. v, 1. 16; K. 1295 (see Catalogue of Kouyunjih Collection, p. 262), etc. The forms of this name in other Semitic dialects are Heb. "PS?, Syr. Aa.. , Arab. jH^ , and the Egyptian is 8 The rebellious state of the countries of Phoenicia, Syria, and Palestine, to be gathered from the contents of the letters of Rib- Adda, seems to indicate that they were addressed to Amenophis IV., under whose reign the Egyptians lost their former hold on their Asiatic dependencies ; cf. supra, pp. xxii, xxiii. * In Babylonian, Mltu sha Gubla, "Lady of Gebal"; compare bj r\hv2 in the inscription of n!?Diri» {Corpus Imcriptionum Semiticarum, T. I, pars. 1, No. 1, 11. 2, 3, 7, and 8, p. 4), and the Greek BaaXxis, Bf/\6»-;;9, B/yXns. * This prayer is found only in Rib- Adda's letters. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. xlv The city of Byblos, which from time immemorial has been the faithful handmaiden of the King of Egypt and of his ancestors, is now utterly lost, because the king has taken no thought for its safety. Would that he would protect that which belongs to his father's house I The people who are in Byblos are unfaithful and. therefore are unfit to be the king's servants ; moreover, the enmity of the rebels is great, and the gods have suffered, our sons and J-^ * our daughters to be led astray, and they have departed (?) to the land of Yarimtita.' The people of the cities which are in the mountains and on the frontier have gone over to the enemy and have joined the rebels ; only Byblos and two other neighbouring cities still remain faithful to him. Abd-Ashirta^ first captured one of them called Shigata, and then counselled the citizens of Aramiya, the other, to slay their governor and to become like him and to lead a free life. This they did and became rebels. Next, Abd-Ashirta sent to the soldiers in Blt-lSrinib(?) saying: "Gather / ^^ yourselves together, and let us go up against Byblos, and let us occupy the countries through which we pass, and let us appoint our own governors over them." Thus all the countries rebelled, and there were no more loyal people left in the land, and our sons and our daughters submitted to abide under the rule of the rebels. Unless the king takes immediate steps to protect his interests, the whole land will be in rebellion against him, and what then is to become of Byblos ? The rebels have made a league amongst them- selves, and Bib- Adda fears that there will be no- one to deliver him out of their hands, for, being shut up in the king's territory in Byblos, he is like unto a bird shut up in a cage. Why does the king continue to be careless about his land ? Bib- Adda has repeated everything to the king of Egypt, who has, however, paid no attention to his words. If the king has any doubt about the distress which has fallen on Byblos, let him make enquiries of " Compare the names niOl!, Joshua x. 3, and niOT., 1 Chronicles viii. 14. ^ This name has been compared to the Phoenician mntyyiSVi " the servant of Ashtoreth," Gr. 'A^BdaTpaTos. A king of Tyre of this name is mentioned by Josephus (Gont. Apion, I, 18, ed. Didot, T. II, p. 348 = Muller's Hist. Grace, T. IV, p. 44.5 ff.). xlvi TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Amanappa,! who both knows of it and has seen it. Would that the king would listen to the words of his servant and save his life, for then could he protect his loyal city ! ^ The king is merciful, and Kib-Adda prays day and night that he may be under his rule, for, if he is not, what is to become of him ? 13, — Letter from Rib- Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. It begins with the form of salutation as found in No. 12. Rib- Adda reports to the king that Aziru has acted in a hostile manner against his people, that he has taken twelve of them captive, and that he has set the price of their ransom at fifty pieces of silver. The forces which Rib- Adda sent to the city of Sumuru ^ were made prisoners in the city of Tubuliya. * The ships of Sumuru, Beyrut,^ ' Compare the Egyptian name u (J Amen-dpt. " Here four lines of text are mutilated. ' In Babylonian and Assyrian, Sumuru and Simirra ; see Rawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. II, pi. 53, 1. 58 (K. 276); Vol. Ill, pl.9, 1. 46 ; pi. 10, No 2, 1. 13, No. 3, 1. 35; and K. 3042 (Catalogue of Koyuunjik Collection, \t. 4:98), etc. The inhabitants of this city (*"i»-VO"^?'!) ^re referred to in Genesis x. 18, and are mentioned along with the Arvadites and Hamathites. A notice of Sumuru in the Egyptian inscriptions occurs in the Annals of Thothmes III., who in the 30th year of his reign captured this town together with Kadesh and Arvad : ■ t— ="3 V I wv^, n "^ <:^> [^^>i U ^^wwv / vft y 3 " He went to the town of Kadesh, he cut down its ffroves of trees he went to the town of Tchamar; he went to the town of Arvad and did likewise" (Marietta, Karnak, pi. 13, 1. 7). Sumuru repi-esents the ^t'/ivpa of Strabo, XVI, cap. 2 (ed. Didot, p. 641) ; for its position see Pliny, V, 20, 77. * The reading of this name is doubtful ; if correct, however, reference is probably made to the city called ^~' Y^.ga .1 T^pul in the Egyptian inscriptions. " Egyptian JM^^ Ih Barethd, Gr. Bi;/>dtos, Arab. ^_^ j^j [Ydlcut, Vol. I, p. 785), Syr. .£OQ4o',*0 and Ao^^S. "^ SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. xlvii and Sidou * were all lost off the coast of Amurri,^ and lie was there- upon attacked by the fleet of Yapa-Adda and Aziru, who succeeded in capturing his ship. In this strait he writes to the Egyptian king asking for help, and, telling him that his own people have now become disaffected, he begs him to do something to deliver him out of the hands of the enemy and, in any case, to answer this letter. When the city of Sumuru was attacked by the enemy, he took soldiers with him and went and delivered it ; he then appealed to the Egyptian king for more troops,^ but when they arrived they were unable to enter the city because all the roads were blocked by the enemy. The rebel chief sat down before the city for two months, and meanwhile endeavoured to corrupt the loyalty of Bib- Adda. He again asks for more help, for the foe is mighty, and his officers fighting under him within the city are murmuring against him. He had been accused of having stirred up the land of Alashiya against the king, or of having given it over to the rebels ; he now calls to witness the Egyptian officer Aman-mashashanu * to support his story. Here the sense becomes obscure, and the difficulty is increased by the breaks in the text of the last ten lines. It seems however that Rib-Adda impresses upon the Egyptian king that Yapa-Adda and Aziru have made a league ; he begs that certain people of his may be brought back from the land of YarimAta ; ^ and he asks for fresh instructions. ' In Babylonian and Assyrian, Sidnnnu and Sidunu; see Kawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I, pi. 35, No. 1, 1. 12 ; pi. 38, 11. 3.i, 38, 48 ; pi. 43, 1. 13 ; pi. 45, col. I, 11. 9, 40 ; Vol III. pi. 15, col. II, 11. 27-30 ; K. 1653 {Catalogue of Kouyunjih Collection, p. 325), etc. The Egyptians called the town ~| "^ ^J^ T'ituna; and it is the I'lTy of the Bible, the IIS of the Phoenician inscriptions, and the ^iSwv of Homer. ^ In Egyptian (1 ^ n I Amaure. Compare the Hebrew nJ^Sp'nS, Judges X. 8. In these tablets Amurri appears to be the common name for Palestine. As " Auiurri " is everywhere used in these texts for the Phoenician sea coast, it is clear that it is the true reading of the Babylonian fj .^^ ^TTf' signifying « the West." ' The text is here mutilated. * This name is probably Egyptian ; Aman = U r^ Amen, the name of the great national god of Egypt. ' See letter No. 12 (p. xlv). xlviii TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. 14.— Letter from Eib-Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. He complains that he has received no answer from the king. He has heard and knows what his people have done : how, when they were sent to his lord, they carried off" his two horses without any written authority, and how others of them carried off the king's servants. How could he possibly prevent this, seeing that now he is absolutely without forces to protect the country, which is all in the hands of the rebels ? He can do nothing, and the King of Egypt will never regain his hold upon the land. He had already asked more than once for soldiers and horses, but he had received no answer to his petitions. He reports that Abd-Ashirta, Yapa-Adda, and Zimrida " are alive " ; and it would seem that they were in his power. Although the city of Sumuru has rebelled, and"^-^ the city of Sarti (?) has fallen into the hands of Yankhamu, Rib- Adda promises that, so long as the corn holds out, he will defend the city of Byblos. In compliance with the king's orders he had despatched certain troops to Egypt, but on the road they deserted ; and although he tried, day and night to persuade them to return to the service of the king, and moreover sent two oflBcers with this object, they still persisted in going over to the camp of Yankhamu. When they arrived there they said to him, "Eib-Adda is now in thy power ; command thou what we shall do with him, and we will do it." The remainder of Rib- Adda's troops, in consequence of the ^J'^- defection of their comrades, refuse to obey orders, and he therefore announces his decision : " If thou, O king, wilt not send me an answer, I will abandon the city, and I and my friends will cease to be thy subjects." Parts of the text of the last five lines are wanting, and. no connected sense can be gained from the characters which remain. In line 53 mention is made of a certain man Milkuru, or Ishkuru, who is also mentioned on a tablet at Berlin (No. 48, 1. 85). 15. — Letter from Bib-Adda, governor of Byblos, to Amanappa,^ a high official of the King of Egypt. • For other letters of Eib-Adda to Amanappa see Nos. 21, 22, 23 (pp. liii, liv). SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. xlix " To Amanappa, my father, thus saith thy son Eib-Adda : ' I prostrate myself before the feet of my father, and may the Lady of Byblos give thee favour in the sight of the king thy Lord.'" He asks why Amanappa does not report the state of aifairs to the king, and why, having heard that the troops have abandoned their cities and have gone out and become rebels, he has not set out to attack them in the land of Amurri. He asks if it can be possible that Amanappa does not know that Amurri has become a stronghold of the rebels, who now also hate Abd-Ashirta, his old enemy, and that they have banded themselves together and are waiting for the arrival of other troops to begin to fight against him. He exhorts Amanappa to join him in an attack upon them, especially as he is sure that all the J^f governors are ready to attack Abd-Ashirta ; for he had issued a proclamation to the citizens of Ammiya, saying, " Kill your governor, and rebel," whereupon the other governors said, "He will do this to us also, and then all countries will rebel." Rib-Adda begs Amanappa to report this matter to the king, "for thou art my father and ,/3'~ master, and I trust in thee." He refers to some past services which he had rendered in connection with the city of Sumuru and which are known to Amanappa, and he begs him to ask the king to send help to Byblos as soon as possible. 16. — Letter from Bib- Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. After the usual salutations, he entreats the king to listen to what he says : — " The people of Byblos, the members of my house, and my wife counselled me to join the followers of Abd-Ashirta and to make a league with them ; but I did not listen to them. Moreover, I sent word to the king, my lord, and repeated my request for a company of soldiers to protect the city for the king, my lord ; but no answer '}• -^-f from the king ever reached me. In these straits I made up my mind, and I went to Ammunira ^ [governor of Beyrut] for protection, for I feared the people of my own house ; but he shut his door in my face, and now I must appeal again to the king for help. I await ' For letters of this official, who appears to have been au Egyptian, see Nos. 26 and 27 (pp. Iv, Ivi). 9 1 TELL ELAMARNA TABLETS. the arrival of the soldiers day and night, and if the king, my lord, does not send help to me, I shall perish, and the king will lose a [faithful] servant." The letter concludes with the promise that he will hand over into the custody of the king's officer his two sons and their wives, who were probably the inciters of those who wished him to join Abd-Ashirta. 17. — Letter from Rib -Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt.' After brief salutations, he tells the king that the hostilities carried on against the city by the rebels are very serious. He asks what steps he is to take, for Abd-Ashirta, the rebel, does as he pleases in the countries of the king. He has already sent a messenger with a despatch informing the king that the cities under his charge are in danger ; that the enemy are marching upon them; that they hove already captured the city of Beyrut, and are now coming on against him ; and that in a very short time the foe will be at the gate, and that the people of Byblos will neither be able to come in nor go out. Thus the city will be captured, unless the king sends chariots and soldiers to deliver it. Bib-Adda would not disobey the king's commands, but he begs him to listen to his words : the city of Byblos and all the coast down to Egypt is falling into the hands of the rebels, and unless the king sends instructions to him forthwith he must surrender Byblos also to the foe. Let the king then send and deliver the city from the hands of Abd-Ashirta, that he (Eib-Adda) may once more rule over it. If only the king will send chariots and soldiers to deliver Byblos, which has ever been the king's loyal city, he is confident that he will.be able to regain possession of the other cities which are already lost to the king. The last paragraph refers to some act of the messenger of the ' The two characters of the Egyptian king's name actually remaining are -ra-ri, which are probably part of a Babylonian form of the prenomen of Amenophis IV. See above, p. xliv, note 3. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. ll King of Accho (?),^ and horses are mentioned ; the breaks and obscurities of the text make a connected rendering of this part of the letter impossible. 18. — Letter from Kib-Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. He prays for advice and assistance. In tlie days of the king's father, when Abd-Ashirta waged war against him, he sent to the King of Egypt for troops, and, because his request was granted, all the lands were quiet ; and, notwithstanding Abd-Ashirta's large following, he was unable to capture the " loyal city Byblos." But now Aziru has gathered together the rebels, and is plotting mischief against Byblos. A break in the text here destroys the end of this passage. Mention is then made of Yaukhamu ; and Rib- Adda seems to request the king to deal with Abd-Ashirta as he deserves. It would appear that Kh^ib, governor of the city of Sumuru, had been forced, through the disobedience of the people under him, to sur- render the city. Rib-Adda believes that the king will regret to learn this news, especially as Kh4ib was slain ; and, in consequence of the fall of the city, Bikhura will not be able to maintain his position in Kumiti ; ^ in fact, all the governors throughout the land will be slain, if assistance is not immediately forthcoming. He has before this duly informed the king of these facts, but he has received no answer. Finally he begs the king to send a stated number of soldiers and chariots to protect his land. The sense of the concluding portion of the letter is obscured through breaks in the text. 19. — Letter from Rib-Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. ' In Babylonian and Assyrian, ^S-Am-u and A-ku-u ; see Rawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I, pi. 38, 1. 40 ; Vol. V, pi. 9, 1. 122 ; and K. 4444 {Catalogve of Kouyunjik Collection, p. 633). The Semitic forms of this name are: Heb. lay, Phcen. IV, Syr. oai, Arab, ll^, aiZI , and the Egyptian is ^^ '^ i^^ Aka. ' Compare the name A "^ ^^ '=^ t^^ Kamatu, a town situated in the northern part of Phoenicia. See Brugsch, Geographisclie Inscliriften, II, Taf. XIII, i. lii TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. He prostrates himself " seven times and seven times " before the king, and prays that the " Lady of Byblos may give strength to the king, my lord." In answer to the king's command, that he should defend himself and the city under his charge, he asks, " Against whom shall I defend myself and the city ? " In former times there was a garrison of the king's soldiers in the city, and the king sent corn from the land of YarimAta' to feed tliem. But now Aziru has overcome him in spite of his efforts, and has carried off the oxen and everything which he had. There is no corn to eat, and the officers and the soldiers have rebelled and have forsaken the city, and have gone to places where there is corn to eat. The king appointed him a " governor," but how can he be considered to be a " governor ?" For the "governors" of all the other cities are now under the rule of others, and are bound to obey their soldiers, and he, too, and the cities in his charge, are in fact under the rule of Aziru. To whom is he to be " faithful," according to the words of the king's despatch? Moreover, the followers of Abd-Ashirta are in league with Aziru, and, as the king knows, they do what is good in their own eyes, and they have set on fire the cities of the king. 20. — Letter from Rib- Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. He informs " his lord, the Great King, the king of the world, king of the universe," that he will continue to defend the country in the future as he has done in the past. A break interrupts the meaning of the next ■ paragraph ; but it seems that Bikhura, governor of the city of Kumiti, had sent a hostile force against Byblos. Rib-Adda therefore begs the king, if he loves his faithful?23 servant, to send troops to defend the city in his own interest. Referring to the king's former order, Rib-Adda asks how it is possible for him to defend himself against Abdirama, Iddin-Adda, and Abdi-milki, followers of Abd-Ashirta, whom Bikhura has urged to come up against him, seeing that they have already made them- selves master of all the king's territory. The letter concludes with a repetition of the request for troops. ' See letters No. 12 (p. xlv), and No. 13 (p. xlvii). SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. liii [In a tablet at Berlin (No. 134, 1. 4), Abdi-milki, one of the opponents of Rib- Adda, is called the governor of the city Shaskhi(mi), who at the request of the king of Egypt promises that his contingent of soldiers and horses and chariots shall join the royal army at the rendezvous.] 21. — Letter from Rib- Adda, governor of Byblos, to Amanappa,'^ a high official of the King of Egypt. The text of this tablet is so much mutilated that not a single line is complete. From the fragments which remain it seems that Rib-Adda prays that Amen, the great god of Egypt, may give Amanappa favour in the sight of the king. The fierceness of the enemy's attack is increasing ; and it appears that supplies of corn had. for the last three years become scarce in Byblos. Mention is made of the land of Amurri, whither Amanappa is asked (?) to send troops ; of the land of Mitani ; of Yankhamu, who supplied Amanappa (?) witb corn ; and of the city of Sumuru. The letter ends with the usual request for troops, 22. — Letter from Rib-Adda, governor of Byblos, to Amanappa, a high official of the King of Egypt. He asks why his conduct has been blamed (?). He had sent Amanappa's messenger, who was with him, into the presence of the king, and he had also supplied Amanappa with soldiers and chariots to defend the city of Beyrut (?), and he is therefore much grieved to hear Amanappa's words of reproach. Beyrut appears to have fallen into the hands of the enemy, who are now about to attack Byblos. The concluding lines of the text are broken, but they seem to contain a petition for troops to protect Byblos. 23. — Letter from Rib-A.dda, governor of Byblos, to [Amanappa], a high official of the King of Egypt. After the usual salutations, in which the king is called the " sun of the countries," Rib- Add a explains why he was not able to obey Amanappa's orders in going to Sumuru to meet him. He asks ' Cf, No. 15, pp. xlviii, xjix, liv TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Amanappa why, seeing that he knew the difi&culties of his position, he told him to go up to that city. He is surrounded with foes on all sides ; the city of Ambi has rebelled against him, through the influence "i ^ of the Abd-Ashirta faction upon the governor and officers of the city ; he is unable to fight against the enemy successfully, and he is stricken with fear. He further begs Amanappa to come to his assistance as soon as possible; and in the concluding passage, six lines of which are mutilated, he seems to reiterate his request for troops to defend the city of Byblos. 24. — Letter from [Rib-Adda, governor of Byblos] to the King of Egypt. Although the first lines, which contained the name of the writer, are wanting, yet, judging from the contents of the letter, the style of writing, the material of which the tablet is made, and its shape, it is tolerably certain that it formed part of the corres- pondence of Kib-Adda. Rib-Adda begins by informing the king that, notwithstanding that he had posted troops at Byblos, the city of Surauru has been captured by the enemy and the soldiers from Byblos have been slain. , If the king will have a care for his city of Byblos, let him send four captains and their companies, thirty chariots, and one hundred mercenaries (?) of various nations, and they will suffice to protect the city ; if, however, the king does not speedily send troops to join those already under Rib- Adda, and food with them, the city itself will be captured and the inhabitants will be slain. Biri,' an officer of the Egyptian king, who had been sent to help Rib-Adda, had already been slain, and his followers were scattered. Rib- J^, Adda's "eyes fell sick" when they saw these things, and he was sore afraid when he knew that Blri could no longer help him. He had applied to Pakhamna[ta],^ an officer of the Egyptian king, • According to a tablet at Berlin (No.- 160, 1. 4), Biri appears to have been the governor of the city of Khashabu (or Kharabu? ; cf. B., No. 154, 1. 43). 2 This name appears to be Egyptian. In a tablet at Berlin (No. 80, 1. 22) he is called rahis sharri, " officer of the king,'' and, if the name Pakhanati be identical with Pakhamuata, he is also mentioned in Berlin tablet No. 97, 11. lOff. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Iv for troops, begging him to send young men, or old men, or soldiers of any kind whatsoever ; but this officer had turned a deaf ear to him, and therefore had happened what had happened. Pakham- nata himself saw the city of Sumuru destroyed ; Rib- Adda begs the king to notice this fact. The condition of affairs in By bios is very serious, for everything has been consumed ; the troops have no corn to eat, and a number of them have been slain at the capture of §umuru. Here the text becomes mutilated, and breaks off after the mention of Yankhamu. 25. — Letter from Rib- Adda, governor of Byblos, to the King of Egypt. He asks for troops to defend Byblos and the neighbouring cities. He seems to be in league, or on terms of friendship, with Yankhamu, the Egyptian official, for he deprecates the charges which have been made against both himself and Yankhamu by certain people, and hopes that there may be peace. The text of this tablet is much mutilated. 26. — Letter from Ammunira,^ governor of Beyrut, to the King of Egypt. After a brief greeting and expression of homage, he acknowledges the receipt of a despatch from the king, " his lord, his god,^ and his sun." In this despatch the king had commanded him to furnish a contingent to the Egyptian army ; and now he, the king's loyal governor, informs him that in obedience to his orders he has sent a number of chariots, horses and men provided with all necessaries, and he prays that the king may be victorious over his foes and that his own eyes may see the triumph of his lord. He concludes by entreating humbly that, when the king has brought the war to a victorious close, he will reward his servant for his expense and trouble ; he, " the footstool " of the king, his lord, will during the ' This is probably a form of some Egyptian name like [l Jf\ A men-Rd, ' In Babylonian ildni, literally " gods." See below, p. Ixi, Jvi TELL EL-AMABNA TABLETS. absence of his soldiers endeavour to guard the city and garrison under his charge, until his eyes shall behold his soldiers returning to Beyrut. 27. — Letter from Ammunira, governor of Beyrut, to the King of Egypt. He acknowledges the receipt of the king's " tablet," the contents whereof made his heart glad and his eyes bright. He is vigilantly guarding Beyrut for the " king his lord "; but still he awaits the arrival of the king's troops with anxiety. In respect of the " men of Byblos," he is carefully watching them until the king shall make his pleasure known concerning them. He next reports that certain Egyptian officials stationed in the land of Amurri have been evilly entreated by the followers of Rib- Adda. In conclusion he declares that his soldiers, his chariots and his horses are ready to join the king's native army from Egypt ; and he repeats the usual formula of homage. 28. — Letter from Abi-milki,^ governor of Tyre,^ to the King of Egypt. " To the king, my lord, my sun, my god, thus saith Abi-milki thy servant : ' Seven times and seven times do I prostrate myself at the ' Compare the Hebrew name Abimelech, '^^D''3S. , given to several kings of Philistia, Gath, Gerar, etc.^ Genesis, xx. 2, xxvi. 1 ; Psalm xxxiv. 1 ; Judges viii. 31. ' In Assyrian and Babylonian, Sur-ru; see Eawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I, pi. 35, No. 1, 1. 12 ; Vol. II, pi. 67, rev. 1. 66 ; Vol. Ill, pi. 16, col. V, 1. 13 ; Vol. V, pi. 2, 1. 49 ; and K. 1292 (Catalogue of Kouyvnjih Collection, p. 261), etc.; Heb. iv, or liv, Phoen. -is, Syr. io^^ Arab. ^\, Gr. Typo's (Herodotus II, 44; Aiii&n, Anabasis, II, 16 ff., etc.). The city of Tyre consisted of two parts : the island, formed of two rocks which were made habitable by piling earth upon them, and the town on the mainland, called PaliB Tyrus. The island was the more important part in the time of the XVIIIth dynasty, for it commanded the sea both north and south ; the harbour on the north side of the rock was called the Sidonian, and that on the south side the Egyptian {l,vo a' e'xei \i/uAva^, rbv /lev K\etarov, rhv B aveifiivov, ov kl'^vTr-Tiov KttXouacv, Strabo XVI, cap. 2, § 23, ed. Didot, p. 644). Hiram, King of Tyre (about b.c. 950), enlarged the island by adding to it one of the small islands to the north, and Alexander the Great joined it to the mainland (Arrian II, 16 if.). SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ivii feet of the king, my lord. I am the dust beneath the feet of the king, my lord, and that upon which he treadeth. O, my king and lord, thou art like to the god Shamash and to the god Rimmon in heaven. Let the king give counsel to his servant 1 Now the king, my lord, Strabo says that the island was 30 stadia distant from the Palss Tyrus and 200 stadia from Sidon (Strabo, loc. cit., § 24, ed. Didot, p. 645); and Pliny (V, 19) describes its position and circumference thus : " Tyrus quondam insula, praealto mari doc passibus divisa. . . . circuitus xix mill. pass, est, intra Palaetyro inclusa ; oppidum ipsum XXII stadia optinet.'' Cf. also Map of Western Palestine (Palestine Exploration Fund), London, 1880, pi. 1, In the Egyptian inscriptions Tyre is called | ^^^ I Tar, | ^^. I T'arau (?) (B.M. Papyrus Anastasi I., No. 10,247, Select Papyri, pi. 55, 1. 3), and lf^^\''^^^^^)^^:^^SenT'ar(^ffypt.Zeitsc7irift,1873,ip.'i). An Egyptian, travelling through Syria, visited it aQd described it as : — i<\> k 2€ m^m i \i " temau A city ] I i^o^a WVVAftA AAAAAA /V^/WV\ em in the luma sea, T'ar Tyre en the meru port [is] "VA/WVA C ren \l © UJl AA/W\A A^ftAA/\ ^- I I i 7iame its; 1PS \ f a'ta tuf man em na bari is brought to it water in boats; ^"^^ III '''^ -S-m user su em remu er s'a " abounds it in fish more than sand. (For the hieratic text see Papyrus B.M., No. 10,247, Select Papyri, pi. 55, 11. 1 and 2, and for a hieroglyphic transcript see Chabas, Voyage, p. 165 ff.) The "city in the sea'" can only refer to the island pairt of Tyre; and this description of its situation is also given by Ezekiel, who says that it is set " in the middle of the sea" (Djn, cap. xxvi. 5), and in " the heart of seas " (D*S* a??, cap. xxvii. 3). The hieroglyphic passage quoted above shows that it was customary to supply the inhabitants of the rock of Tyre with water brought from the mainland in boats, and the desperate condition of Abi-milki, shut up on the bare rock, his wood and water supply from the mainland having been cut off, is evident; it also shows that as late as the XlXth, perhaps the XXth, dynasty, water was still carried to Tyre in boats as it was in the days of Amenophis III. The water which supplied the town of Palse Tyrus on the mainland appears to have been brought from Ras el-'Ain, a few miles to the south of the town ; and that the inhabitants also suffered from want of water in times of war is certain from the statement of Meuander (quoted by Josephus, h Iviii TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. hath appointed me the guardian of the city of Tyre, the 'royal hand- maid,' and I sent a report in a tablet unto the king, my lord ; but I have received no answer thereunto. I am an officer of the king, my lord, and I duly report all that oometh to pass, be it favourable or be it unfavourable.'" Abi-milki then prays the king to let him have tvrenty additional soldiers to defend his city,^ and adds " let me come before the presence of the king, my lord, and behold his face," meaning probably that he is personified by his letter. He cannot have the twenty men without the orders of the King of Egypt ; if the king will be graciously pleased to send this order, his servant Abi-milki vrill " live for ever." Lines 27-40 are broken, and it is not possible to make any connected sense out of them. It appears, however, that Aziru and his father Abd-Ashirta and Khibi, three revolutionary agents in Syria, are mentioned in lines 35-37. With line 38 begins a passage which seems to state that Zimrida (?) delivered the city of Sumuru to Aziru, and that in consequence "the king [of Egypt] did not eat from [the produce of] his city^ or from his land." When Abi-milki heard of the renown of the king and of the fame of his troops, he feared greatly, and all the countries round about trembled because they had not protected the king's interests. As soon as Zimrida knew that Abi-milki had been appointed governor of Tyre, he attacked and captured the city of Sazu ^ (a place which was probably situated near Tyre), and therefore the supplies of wood, Antiq. Jud., IX, 14, 2) that when the king of Assyria was besieging the city in the days of Elulaeus, King of Tyre, the water supply was cut off by the guards who had been posted by the rivers and aqueducts for that purpose, and that for five years the Tyrians had no water except from the wells which they dug. Elulaeus, in Assyrian Lull, is also mentioned in an inscription of Sennacherib ; see Rawlinson, Cvneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I, pi. 38, 1. 35. Esarhaddon also besieged Tyre and cut off the supplies of meat and drink from its king Ba'lu; see K. 3082, obv. 1. 14. ' We are probably to understand twenty companies of soldiers. ' I.e., " receive the revenues of the city." ' A tablet at Gizeh inscribed with a letter of Abi-milki, B., No. 99, 11. 11, 12, 28 ff., contains a petition to the King of Egypt that he will order his inspector in Syria to supply him with wood and water from the city of Sazu. The same letter relates that Sidon and Khazor have gone over to the enemy, and adds that the King of Egypt will now be able to judge of the desperate condition of Tyre. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. lix water, etc., which Abi-milki drew from thence were cut off, and, as the Tyrians were unable to provide themselves in any other way, some of them died of want. Abi-milki then asks for fresh instructions. The king of Egypt had ordered Abi-milki to report to him every- thing that he heard, and in obedience to this command he now writes : — Zimrida, governor of the city of Sidon, and Aziru, a dis- affected Egyptian official, and the people of Arvad,' had joined in a league and entered into a conspiracy and had gathered together their ships and chariots and soldiers and had made an attack upon Tyre, the "handmaiden^ of the king"; but "the hand of the king obtained might and slew them," and they were unable to capture the city. But the city of Sumuru had been given to Aziru by command of Zimrida. " Concerning these things I have already sent a tablet to the king, my lord, but I have received no answer. I am surrounded on all sides with foes, and we have neither wood nor water." In this desperate condition, unable to obtain supplies from the mainland, and only getting them with the greatest difficulty from his ships, owing to the blockading fleet, Abi-milki entreats the king to send him instructions, and also to take steps to protect both his city Tyre and his servant Abi-milki. In conclusion he sends this tablet by the hands of a common soldier, to whom he begs the king to give an immediate answer. The destitute condition of his household is shown by the fact that he is obliged to send the soldier without gifts for the king, instead of a proper envoy. 29. — Letter from Abi-milki, governor of Tyre, to the King of Egypt. " To the king, my lord, my god, my sun, thus saith Abi-milki, thy servant : ' I prostrate myself at the feet of the king, my lord, ' In Babylonian and Assyrian, A-ru-a-da, or A -ru-ad-da, or Ar-ma-da, etc.; see Kawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions, Vol. I, pi. 26, 1. 86 ; pi. 28, col. I, 1. 2 ; Vol II., pi. 76, rev. 1. 60, etc. The other Semitic forms of this name are: Heb. 11.1.X, Syr, >bj1> JOJ], >CDO)OJ')) Arab. jL | {Tdlut, Vol. I, p. 224); and the Egyptian ^ *^~^ I Arethu, or fl ^<:z=> Ij c. V^ i^CHi Arethet. ' Babylonian amtu, Heb. nsx. Compare the use of this word by one distinguished person describing herself to another in 1 Samuel xxv. 25, A2 Ix TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. seven times and seven times ; I am the dust under the feet of the king, my lord, the Sun-god, who riseth upon the world daily by the decree of the Sun-god, his loving father, who maketh it to live by his glad message, who shineth (?) in the country of the north (?),^ who maketh all lands to dwell in peace, strength, and abundance, who giveth his voice in heaven like the god of thunder, and all lands are consumed with terror at the sound of his voice.' " ^ He had sent a messenger to Egypt to bring back an answer from the king, and he trusts that it will be found favourable to himself when it arrives. He adds that not only himself, but also the governors of all the countries round about are anxious for a favour- able answer. The King of Egypt appears to have ordered that Abi-milki should be the general of the troops, whereat he expresses his joy (" Yiyaya!") and homage. He has understood the king's commands, and they shall be duly carried out; the sun {i.e., the king) has arisen upon him, and glad tidings have come forth to him from the mouth of the king, his lord. If he had not received the order of the king, Tyre would have been lost, and the king's government and his name would have been blotted out from the land for ever ; now that he has received the king's despatch, it will be well with Tyre and with the king's government and glory for ever. " Thou art my Sun who risest upon me, thou art the fortress of copper upon which I take my stand, and by the right hand (?) of the king I am strong, I am might)", I am powerful. Thus I spake to the Sun-god, the father of my lord and king : ' When shall I see his face ? ' " Next, the actual object of the letter is stated : — " I will guard the city of Tyre, the great city,^ for the king, my lord, and I will hold it until the king shall send forth his power to help me, to give me water to drink and wood to warm myself withal. Moreover, Zimrida of Sidon sendeth daily an officer in the service of Aziru, the son of Abd-Ashirta, to bring back to him news of what the King of Egypt will do. Thus I send word to the king my lord, and I trust that, when he knoweth it, it may seem good in his sight." ' Compare Heb. t'lSV. ' This unusual salutation appears not to occur elsewhere. 3 "Tyros, et magnitudine et claritate ante omnes urbes Syrise Phoenicesque niemorabilis." — Q. Curtius IV, 2, 2. SUMMARY OF CONTEXTS. 1 XI 30. — Letter from Abi-milki, governor of Tyre, to the King of Egypt. After addressing the king, " my lord, my god," ' with the usual compliments, he informs him that he is diligently guarding the city of the king under his charge. He repeats his intention of coming to Egypt (?) to meet the king, and he thinks that Zimrida will not be able to turn the city of Sidon away from its allegiance during his absence ; for he would have the king to know that after Zimrida had obtained authority he had become hostile. Next, he prays the king to defend the city. He has sent this letter by a messenger, and asks that he may be received with favour. He entreats the king not to forsake him, and to send him water ?f'i-^z g^y^f ^^y. This title is obtained from a tablet in Gizeh (B., No. 94, 1. 5) and another at Berlin (No. 95,, 1. 3) ; the latter tablet mentions the disaffection of [Zirjdamyashda and his submission (?) to Namyawiza (see below, pp. Ixxii, Ixxiii, No. 43), and compares Accho to the city of Magdali in its loyalty. ' Cf. supra, p. liv, note 2. ' Abdi-Ashtati is perhaps a defective way of spelling Abdi-Ashtarti (irih^'l^li^y). The peculiarities of style and writing in Nos. 33 and 34 prove that they were sent from the same person. Ixiv TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS, 35. — Letter from Aziru/ the rebel, son of Abd-Ashirta, to the King of Egypt. This tablet is in perfect condition. The text is divided into eight paragraphs. Pars. I and II : — " To the great king, my lord, my god, my sun. I, Aziru, thy servant, prostrate myself at the feet of my lord, my god, my sun, seven times and seven times. 0, my lord, I am thy servant, and as if I stood in the presence of the king, my lord, I will declare all that I have to say unto him. O, my lord, hearken not to wicked men who slander me before the king, my lord, for I am thy servant for ever." Pars. Ill and IV relate to the king's complaint that Aziru had not treated his messenger Khani^ with proper respect, when he arrived in Tunip.^ Aziru defends himself: " My lord, I was dwelling in the city of Tunip, and I knew not whether Khani was coming or not ; but, as soon as I heard that he was coming, I went forth to meet him, but failed to find him. When Khani shall return again to the king in peace, as in truth I hope he will, let the king ask him if my brethren did not receive him in friendship when he came into Tunip, when thy servant was away, and if Bitili * did not give him oxen and other beasts, birds and sweet wine, and other things. J-^ Moreover, while he was on his journey back to Egypt, and while I was on my way to the king, I met with him on the road, and I lent him horses and mules which he needed for his journey, and he himself greeted me and received me as though he were my father JjJ and my mother. But in spite of this my lord doth write to me saying, ' Thou didst turn away from the presence of Khani.' But thy gods know, and the Sun-god knoweth, that I was not in the city of Tunip when he arrived." ' For cognate forms of this name compare llty , Jeremiah xxviii. 1 ; ^ili and 7 ' Compare Syr. ^xX*^. X .^ AWVSA ^ The Egyptian q V\ t^^^^ Tunep. * In Babylonian Bi-ti-Ilu; cf. the Hebrew ?«-in3, probably from an earlier form W'>iT\'a=lMuU-Ilu\. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ixv Pars. V and YI refer to some observations, unfortunately un- known to us, which the king of Egypt had made concerning the city of Sumuru. Aziru repHes that the Kings of Nukhashshi^ have ever been hostile to him, and that by the order of Khatib ^ they had captured all his cities, which up to the present time they had not given back (?). He promises that he will make them restore them speedily. He adds that Khatib has carried off half of the king's property which was under his care, and all the gold and all the silver which the king had sent to him. Par. VII answers the king's question : — " Why hast thou received the messenger of the king of the land of Khatti, and my messenger thou hast not received ?" Aziru craftily replies, " This is the country of my lord, and the king my lord hath appointed me one of the governors therein " ; implying that he was only one of the king's servants, and was bound to receive in the king's name whosoever came into the land. The second part of the king's question Aziru omits to answer. Par. VIII announces the despatch of this letter by the hands of the Egyptian messenger, with presents consisting of ships, choice oil, weapons, etc. 36. — Letter from Akizzi, governor of the city of Katna,^ to Amenophis III. It was divided apparently into eleven paragraphs, the chief contents being as follows : — Pars. I and II. Greeting of Akizzi to the " son of the Sun-god," his lord, followed by protestations of fidelity to the king and wishes for the success of everything that he may undertake. Par. III. In times of old, ever since his fathers became vassals of the King of Egypt, his land has belonged to Egypt ; his city Katna and he are now the loyal followers of Amenophis. 1 1.e., the Egyptian J^ Q ^ ^ "^^ t^,or||~wv«(|^S[D'ii^ia, Anaukaa; Brugsch, Geog. Inschriften, II, Taf. XIX, No. 97. 2 With this name cf. Syr. ^U-" (?)• ' Compare the Syriac IiXq, Persian y (1 '>~w« [1[| ^^^ (1 P '^ "^ "^"^ ? — 1 (Maspero, jEg. Zeitschrift, 1879, p. 67, 1. 11). • I.e., "Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus," PP'^i? h^df^ 1^.^ nain, (Genesis xiv. 15), and the Egyptian X J „ , Brugsch, Oeog. Inschriften, II, Taf. XXII, Ifo. 204. Line 63 of this letter also states that Damascus was situated in the laud c^ Hobah. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ixix Par. XI. Just as Damascus/ -which is situated in the country of Ubi, is terror-stricken at the league of the enemy, and is lifting up its hands in supplication at the feet of the king, so likewise does the city of Katna lift up its hands. He begs the king to give life to his messenger by granting his petition ; and if only he will send troops to Katna, he will be able to keep his hold upon the city. 38. — Letter from Shubandi,^ the governor of a city, to the King of Egypt. After lengthy expressions of loyalty to the king, he acknowledges the receipt of a despatch from him ; and, in obedience to his commands, which he has fully understood, he is guarding the territory under his charge with all diligence. 39. — Letter from Shubandi to the King of Egypt. After the usual saluta,tions, he acknowledges the receipt of instructions which the king has sent him, and he is watching with all diligence the king's country under his charge. 4-0.^-Letter from Shubandi to the King of Egypt. Serious illness has prevented his fulfilling the duties of the govern- ment and defending the cities referred to in the king's despatch. Because of the increasing hostility of the foe, he has appointed A bdi milki to carry out his orders, and he will send him to meet the king when he is about to come. The text of the concluding portion of the letter is much mutilated, but the lines appear to have had reference to the enemy's attacks. ' In Babylonian and Assyrian, Di-ma-ash-M, IH-mash-Tca; see Rawlinson, Cunei- form Inscriptions, Vol. I, pi. 35, No. 1, 11. 16, 21; Vol. V, pi. 9, 11. 8, 12; K. 530 {Catalogue, p. 124), K. 542 {Catalogue, p. 126), etc. The cognate forms of this name are: Heb. P^p%Syr. ^flooomiDj , .OQmiDJj' Arab. ^iL. V^ "^'^'^ ^ '^^^^ - a I Lepsius, Auswahl, pi. XII, 1. 2 ; Brugsch, Becneil, tome II, pi. 56, No. 6 ; and Mariette, Kamak, pi. 13, 1. 2). This seems to have been the foundation of the worship of gods of Egypt in Tunip, and it is probable that the inhabitants of Tunip refer to this event in their letter. • Equivalent to Khatti (?). For note on this city see above, p. Ixvii, note 2. Ixxil TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS, 42. — Letter from the city of Irkata/ near Sumuru, to the King of Egypt. " Thus saith this letter from the city of Irk ata to the king our lord : ' The city of Irkata and the nobles (?) thereof prostrate themselves at the feet of the king their lord seven times and seven times.' " The people of the city of Irkata declare to the Sun-god that they knovs^ the wishes of the king, their lord, and that they are therefore diligently guarding their city. The king sent his messenger Abbikha to them with orders that they were to guard their city against the followers of [Abd-Ashirta],^ the enemies of the king, and they now wish to assure him that they are his faithful servants. In proof thereof, they send thirty (1) horses, etc., as gifts. By this action they hope that the king will learn what their disposition is towards him. The King of Egypt appears to have sent a despatch to a certain country called Shanku, where- upon the inhabitants of a city who were previously well disposed to those of Irkata suddenly became hostile to them. They there- fore entreat the king to send help to his servants, that they may overthrow the king's foes and make them "eat dust." They have shut their gates against the king's enemies, and they assure the king of their urgent need, because the foe is mighty against them. 43. — Letter from Namyawiza (?), governor of the city of Kumiti (?), to the King of Egypt. The text is broken off both at the beginning and end. The rebels have attacked a city, and have captured the horses and chariots therein, and have declared themselves independent of the King of Egypt. Such things being done, Namyawiza feels as if he were dead; and he has no followers. Behold, too, Biridashwi has fomented rebellion in the city of Inuamma/ which has closed > With this name compare the Egyptian H ^ _ ^^ Alqat, Lepsius, Denhnaler, Abth. Ill, Bl. 252-253 a. ^ m. U^ ^ t^^ii] ^ Compare B., No. 77, 1. 9 ff., where it is said that the followers of Abd-Ashii ta have departed to take the cities of Sumuru aud Irkata, ' Compare the name of the fortress in Upper Rethennu (I (I i'"' — > ';;;!^ ^-^-^ I-nu- da-mdu,BTUgadi,Gengr.Inschriften,U,iO. ^' ^ "'^^ SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ixxiil its gates against him. Biridashwi has captured the chariots belong- ing to the city of Ashtarti/ and has given them to the rebels instead of to the king. The governor of the city of Buzruna and the governor of the city of Khalunni made a league with Biridashwi, and determined to slay Namyawiza. Namyawiza, how- ever, took refuge in Damascus, and, when attacked by Arzawya, declared himself to be a servant of the King of Egypt. Arzawya then went to the city of Gizza, made prisoners the followers of Azi[ru ?], and, having captured the city of Shaddu, gave it into the hands of the rebels, instead of to the King of Egypt. Moreover, Itakkama ravaged the country of Gizza, and Arzawya, in league with Biridashwi, wasted the country of Abitu. Namyawiza prays the king to send troops to defend his territory. He will meanwhile guard the city of Kumiti, hoping soon to see the arrival of the Egyptian troops. 44. — Portion of a letter to the King of Egypt. The text is, presumably, part of a letter which covered more than one tablet, but the name of the person addressed and that of the writer are wanting, and the customary salutations are omitted. It appears that a certain Kh4ya who had pronaised to send ships, manned with their full fighting crews, to the country of Amurri, had failed to keep his word, owing apparently to the machinations of Abd-Ashirta. The ships from Arvad which have been left in the writer's charge are without crews, and he therefore recommends the king to use the other ships from Arvad which he has with him in the land of Egypt. The sense of the next few lines is obscured by breaks in the text, which here contains a speech of Khkja,, ending with the question, " To whom do the people of the cities of Sidon and Beyrut belong, if not to the king ? " The writer advises the king to use his authority, and to appoint for himself in each city a man who shall have charge of the shipping, so as to counteract the influence of Abd-Ashirta in preventing the manning ' I.e., the city of " Ishtar " ; the Egyptian form of the name of this goddess k is ^-x— (I r^Jlr, Astharthet. Ixxiv TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. and departure of ships. The King of Egypt had ordered- Sidon, Bey rut and Arvad to send a number of ships to Amurri, but never a ship came, and therefore the writer advises him to seize Abd- Ashirta and to keep him under guard near him, and to pay heed to the words of his faithful servant. 4-5. — Letter from the governor ^ of the city of Byblos (?) to the King of Egypt. He complains that the king does not trust his city Byblos, the city of his fathers, and that Aziru the rebel has made a league with the king of the land of Ammiya, and the king of the land of Nl, and that he is acting contrary to the interests of the king in the king's countries. The next eighteen lines are mutilated, and it is im- possible to make connected sense fromi what remains. He is still the king's faithful servant, and asks him to send a company of thirty [or] fifty men to protect Byblos, and entreats him not to place any trust in anything that Aziru tells him. He himself will send to the king any news he can collect concerning the rebel Aziru. 46. — Letter from a governor of a city to the King of Egypt. The people of the country of Kinza made a league with the [King of] Khatti, and set out to capture certain cities under the rule of the King of Egypt in the country of Am. He has, however, defended these cities against them, and is holding them for the King of Egypt as before. The text of this tablet is defaced in places, and the parts of the lines on the obverse which run round to the reverse have been wilfully defaced by cutting away the edges of the tablet. 47. — Letter from Abdu-kar-shi (?), governor of the city of Khasur,^ to the King of Egypt. 1 The beg'inning- of this letter may be restored according to the reading of B., No. 91, 1. 3, where, however, the order of the names of the city of Gebal (?) and the governor is reversed. The Semitic forma of the name are : Heb. livn, Syr. JoI>l , Gr. 'kawp, and the Egyptian ^^^C^-^J ,or i'^'^^^l Hat'are. SUMMARY OP CONTENTS. IxXV He will diligently guard the cities of the king until his arrival. When the despatch of the king came to him, it was as if Shamash the Sun-god had risen upon him and was shining upon him with all his noonday splendour. He is making all arrangements necessary for the king's coming. After lines 15-17, which express his joy at the arrival of the king's messenger with the glad tidings of his master's coming, the text is so mutilated that it is impossible to make any connected sense out of it. 48. — Letter from Abdu-kar-shi (?), governor of the city of Khasur, to the King of Egypt. He is a faithful follower of His Majesty, and is upholding his authority in his own city and in the other cities subject to the king. He asks the king to decide what he is to do in respect of the city. 49, — Letter from Yapakhi, governor of the city of Gezer,^ to the King of Egypt. After the usual compliments, he acknowledges the receipt of orders from the king's envoy, which he has fully carried out. He begs the king to take active measures for the protection of Gezer and the country round about, for the king's enemies are growing powerful, and he fears that they will soon overcome him. 50. — Letter from Yapakhi, governor of the city of Gezer, to the King of Egypt. After the usual compliments, he acknowledges the receipt of a despatch from the king, and informs him that his youngest brother has left him and joined his forces to those of the enemy in the city of Mu[ru ?]khazi. The enemy are acting against him ; he therefore begs for instructions how to deal with his brother and his allies. 51. — Letter from Yapakhi, governor of the city of Gezer, to the King of Egypt. 1 The "II? of Joshua x. 83, Syr. j^ '^ or IjjLi, Gr. TA^ii/w. k'2 Ixxvi TELL EL-AMARNA. TABLETS. The text cannot, with our present knowledge of the language employed in these tablets, be translated, owing to the very rare words and unknown ideographs which occur in it. Yapakhi acknowledges the receipt of a despatch from the king, which pleased him greatly. He then appears to refer to events of a hostile character in a neighbouring district, and to the arrival of help from the king, whereby his mind was set at rest. 52. — Letter from Widya, governor of the city of Askelon,' to the King of Egypt. He is vigilantly guarding the city under his charge ; he is also sending to the king meat and drink, oxen, etc., together with his customary tribute, apparently in answer to a remonstrance from the king. 53. — Letter from Widya, governor of the city of Askelon, to the. King of Egypt. He is vigilantly guarding the city under his charge. In answer to a remonstance from the king, he sends gifts, including women (?). The king is addressed by the titles : 1. Shamash sha ishtu samt, O & D c^ "Sun-god from heaven" = Egyptian ' jj ^3? Ra neb pet, " Ka, lord of heaven " ; 2. mar Samash, " Son of the Sun "=Egyptian "^ se Ra, " Son of the Sun "; and 3. sha tirdm Shamash, " whom the Sun-god loveth" = Egyptian "^^^lM® wieri i?ra, " beloved of Ea." 54.— Letter from Widya, governor of the city of Askelon, to the King of Egypt. ■ In Babylonian and Assyrian, Is-Jca-{aV)-lu-na ; see Kawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions, Vol. I, pi. 38, 11. 58 and 63 ; Vol. Ill, pi. 16, col. 6, 1. 15. An inhabitant of Askelon was called As-ka-lu-na-ai (compare Phcen. »j!?pB'K, Syr. ] . inV^^^ fV md., Vol. II, pi. 67, 1. 61. The other Semitic forms of the name of the town are : Heb. \^^\>m, Syr. ^oi^QsV, ^'o^^onsV, Arab. |^uill (one of the "brides of Syria" j«Ia11 i^ijSi, Yakut, Vol. Ill, p. 673, Bekri, p. 683), Gr. 'KaKiXwv; the Egyptian is SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ixxvii In obedience to the king's orders, he has supplied his soldiers with meat, drink, oil, oxen, etc., and everything that they needed he gave unto them. "How is it possible for me to be an oflBcer of the king, my lord, the Son of the Sun, and not to obey his words ? " 55. — Letter from Pu-Adda, governor of the city of Urza,^ to the King of Egypt. He is vigilantly guarding the territory under his care. Ap- parently to disprove a charge of neglect of duty, he sends an extract from a letter which he had written to a neighbouring governor named Shashikhashi(?), warning him not to help certain men on their way, as they were enemies of the king. He concludes by protesting his devotion. 56. — Letter from Pu-Adda, governor of the city of Urza, to the King of Egypt. He is vigilantly guarding the territory under his charge, and passes day and night in carrying out the orders of the king. It appears that the king remonstrated with him as to his conduct towards a certain officer named Rianapa,^ who, as we know from a letter of Widya,^ had been appointed governor of a neighbouring city. Rianapa's duties probably included the supervision of Widya, Pu-Adda, and other governors of the Egyptian territory along the coast of Syria. Pu-Adda now assures the king that he will regard Rianapa as His Majesty, "mighty like the Sun-god in heaven," especially as he has been commanded by the king so to do. 57. — Letter from Yabitiri * to the King of Egypt. He professes his devotion to the king. " I look here and I lock there, and behold it is dark ; but when I look towards the king, my ' The position of this city is unknown. * Compare the Egyptian name ij dr M ^r ^^^^PP^> Lieblein, Diet. Noms, p. 297. ^ Berlin Tablet, No. 122, II. 16 ff. * The name Yabitiri ia not Semitic, but may be Egyptian. Ixxviii TELL EL-AMAENA TABLETS. lord, it is light. The tile which is trodden upon may give -waj ; but I shall never give M^ay beneath thy feet. Let the king, my lord, ask his minister Yankhamu if I am feeble, and let him give me leave to come to Egypt." He vpishes to leave Palestine for Egypt in order to obtain an appointment in the immediate service of the king, vrhom he entreats to ask of Yankhamu if he did not do his duty well as governor of Gaza' and Joppa.^ He has been in command of the king's soldiers for a long time, and wherever they have been he has been with them. " The yoke of the king, my lord, is upon my neck, and I will bear it." 58. — Letter from the king of a district of Palestine, to the kings of Canaan, the " servants " of his " brother " the King of Egypt. He is about to send his messenger Akiya to his "brother, the King of Egypt," to tell him that he, and whatever he hath, is at his disposal. He proposes to send his messenger by way of the lands of Canaan, held by native kings under the rule of Egypt, and he has instructed him to carry quickly to Egypt whatever gifts the kings of Canaan will entrust to him for the King of Egypt. In conclusion he refers to the fondness of Egyptians for presents. Akiya may be relied upon to use with the best effect any gifts which they may place in his hands. On the lower part of the Reverse is a faint impression of a haematite Babylonian cylinder seal, which measured about |in. in length by -j^ inch in diameter, and upon which was engraved four lines of Babylonian characters and some winged figures. The seal made one revolution and a half The one character which can be dis- tinguished may be ^ or s^. ^ In Babylonian, Az-^a-ti^ the njj? of the Bible, LXX. Ta^a, Arab, ^-j^]^ Egyptian Kat'etu. ' In Babylonian and Assyrian Ta-ap-pu-u, or Ya-pu-u {see Eawliuson, Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, Vol. I, pi. 38, 1. 66),Heb. iB^.Syr, ^aSqI or]2ia», Arab. Ub, {IdUt, Vol. IV, p. 1003), Egyptian [](]° J^, fyu. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ixx IX 59, — -Xetter from Wyashdata, " the faithful servant of the king," to the King of Egypt. All the possessions which were entrusted to him have been de- stroyed by the people of the city of Tada/ near Beyrut (?). They have also made a raid upon his cattle and have carried them off. He has therefore made a defensive league with Biridiwi, governor (?) of Megiddo.^ 60. — Letter from Bayawi to the King of Egypt. Yankhamu has failed to do his duty (?), and in consequence the rebels have seized all the country round about. He entreats the king to make his country to "live again." On the Obverse, at the top left-hand coruer, appear to be traces of an Egyptian seal impression. 61. — Letter from Labawi, governor of a city probably near Jerusalem, to the King of Egypt. He reports the arrival of certain troops, but they, instead of protecting his people, have dealt with them roughly. He is left with only one officer, and he fears that this man will slander him to the king. He will fight as long as he is able and will encourage the troops. He will never retreat, even the breadth of a thumb (?), even if the city were to be taken twice over. The meaning of the last part of the letter is obscure. 62. — Letter from Milkili, governor of a city probably near Jerusalem, to the King of Egypt. He informs the king of an act of tyranny on the part of Yankhamu, a high official in the Egyptian service. It appears that Yankhamu, after seizing Milkili's goods, had forcibly carried off his wives and ' This name is restored from a tablet at Berlin, B., 58, line 80, in which the city is mentioned in connection with Beyrut. ^ See a tablet at Berlin, No. 114, 1. 4. This seems to be the only passage where the city over which Biridiwi ruled is mentioned. Ixxx TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. children. Let the king remember this deed against Yankhamu, and send chariots and troops for Milkih's protection. The conclusion seems to refer to the king as his only protector. 63. — Letter from Milkili, the governor of a city probably near Jerusalem, to the King of Egypt. He has understood the king's despatch, and begs that some native Egyptian soldiers may be sent to protect the city. The meaning of the last two lines is doubtful. 64. — Letter from Mut-Adda, governor of a city, to his superior officer, Yankhamu, a high official of the King of Egypt. When he reports that the enemy have disappeared, it is a certain fact that they have disappeared ; and when he reports that the governor of the city of Bikhishi has fled before the inspector of the king (i.e., Yankhamu), it is also certain that he has fled. "May the king, my lord, live ; may the king, my lord, live ! " The enemy have taken possession of the city of Bikhishi and have occupied it for the last -two months. If Yankhamu does not believe it, let him ask Bininima and Wishuya and others. The city of Ashtarti was safe under the rule of the Egyptians until the arrival (?) of the god Merodach. The following cities have rebelled : Udumu,^ Aduri,^ Araru, Mishtu, Magdalim,^ Khinianabi, Sarkisabtat, Khawini, and Abishima. The tablet which Yankhamu had sent to him he had passed on to the governor of Bikhishi ; but, before Yankhamu could arrive, the city had been captured, and the report of its fall had been brought. 1 I.e., Edom. In Babylonian and Assyrian U-du-mu; see Eawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions, Vol. Ill, pi. 16, col. V, 1. 14 ; Vol. V, pi. 7, 1. 109, etc. The Semitic forms of the name are: Heb. DIJ? (Gen. xxxvi. 32), Syr. iooj]' Gr. 'Uov/mla, and the Egyptian [1 'M c^ ^^^ | ^^=0^ , Atma (Papyrus Anastasi VI, p. 4, 11. 14 and 15). * I.e., Addar, "|i}^<, Joshua xv. 3. 5 I.e., the Edomite city V^.''1J.» (Gen. xxxvi. 43), and the ^=^ a "^ Mdkafil of the Egyptian inscriptions. SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. Ixxxi 65. — Letter from Shibti-Addaj an t fEcer, to the King of Egypt. He has understood the king's despatch, and in answer to enquiries concerning the fidelity of Yankhamu, a high Egyptian ofiicial, he states that he is " a faithful servant of the king, and the dust of the king's feet." The condition of the city under his charge is good. 66. — ^Letter from Shum-Addu, governor of a city, to the King of Egypt. After salutations, he acknowledges the receipt of a despatch from the king asking for grain, and informs him that the men who thresh corn have, during these last days, driven away their over- seers, and he cannot therefore obey the king's command ; he appeals to the evidence of the king's inspector to support his statement. He appears to have intended originally to add some further remark, which began with the words u shumma, " and whether " ; but, changing his mind, he partially erased them. 67. — Letter from Shuardata, governor of a city, to the King of Egypt. Although he has sent off every available soldier to join the Egyptian troops, he is nevertheless guarding the cities of the king as well as he is able ; he has also sent gifts to the king. A little further on, he repeats his expressions of loyalty to the king, and acknowledges the receipt of a despatch containing certain orders. The tablet upon which this letter is written has suffered from abrasion, probably of old standing. The corners have been rubbed away, the writing on the Obverse is defaced, and on the Reverse it is almost entirely wanting, 68. — Letter from Shuardata, governor of a city, to the King of Egypt. He is defenceless, having sent all his troops to join the king's army. He therefore prays the king to deliver him and his city, the handmaiden of the king,' out of the hands of the enemy. ' For this title of a city compare No. 28 (above, p. iix, and note 2). Ixxxii TRLL EL-AMABNA TABLETS. 69. — Letter from Shuardata, governor of a city, to the King of Egypt. He is carrying out with diligence the king's orders. 70- — Letter from Tagi, the father-in-law of Milkili, to the King of Egypt. He protests fidelity to the king, and is anxious that all the principal highways of the king should continue to be under the superintendence of his " brother " (Milkili ?), for then not a thumb's breadthC?) of them would be any longer unsafe. Let the king ask of his own officer if, in times past, the roads under his cliarge have not been safe. " Behold, we are thine, and whether we raise our eyes to heaven, or cast them down to the earth beneath, our heads are in thy hand." He repeats his prayer that the highways should be under his "friend's" jurisdiction; he himself is protecting the interests of the king. 71. — Letter from an officer (whose name is lost) to the King of Egypt. A certain Biya the son of Gulati^ had taken prisoners the troops ■which the writer had sent to Joppa to protect the king's interests. In obedience to the king's orders to follow the instructions of his commander, he has delivered the city and expelled the rebel Biya. If the king chooses to visit it by day or by night, he will find it prepared to receive him. 72. — Continuation (?) of a letter, which apparently occupied more than one tablet, from an official to the King of Egypt. He spoke, it appears, to his brethren, saying: "If the gods of the king, our lord, grant it, we will capture Labawi alive and will bring Mm before the king, our lord." His mare was brought to him and he mounted her, and galloped off in pursuit of Labawi, who was with an official named Wyashdata.^ When he had come up with ' This is the name of his mother. ^ No. 59 was written by this same Wyashdata. SUMMARY OF COKTENTS Ixxxiii him he learned that he had already been made prisoner in Megiddo ' by Zurata. He disputed the capture with Zurata in the name of the king, but Zurata kept possession of his prisoner and told him that he intended to send Labawi direct to Egypt on board ship. Zurata, however, actually took him to his own house in the city of Khinatuna, and set him free, although he had received the price of the ransom from the writer of the letter ; and Labawi and a companion Adda- mikhir then went home. The writer asks what he is to do {i.e., in order to recover the money which he has expended in the king's name), seeing that he has been deceived by his comrade Zurata, and that Labawi has escaped from his hands. 73.- — Letter from the governor of a city to the King of Egypt. By day and by night he is forced to submit to the attacks of the king's enemies upon the cities under his charge. Ap to the city of Magdalim, he is unable to control (?) the inhabitants. The soldiers of the city of Kukbi have made a league against him, and there is no one to deliver him out of their hands. The report which Abbikha,^ an envoy in the Egyptian service, sent to the king, saying that the gates of all the cities under his charge were captured by the enemy, he indignantly asserts to be false. The end of the text is broken off. 74. — Letter from Dagan-takala to the King of Egypt. He entreats him to deliver him out of the hands of his foes. 75. — Letter from Dashru to the King of Egypt. He acknowledges the receipt of the king's despatch, which he thoroughly understands. The rank which Dashru held in the Egyptian king's service, and the situation of the city or district in which he lived, cannot be ascertained. ' In Babylonian and Assyrian, Ma-ga-du-u and Ma-gi-du-u ; see Rawlinson, Cuneiform Inscr iptions, Yo\. 11, p\. .53,11. 56 (K. 276) and 58 (K. 1521). The Semitic forms of the name are : Heb. HJP, Syr. q'' ^q, LXX. Ma'ye&Sw, and the Egyptian is ^, ° ^ \U j ■ Mdhethd, or ^S\fl ^""^ (J ^^ r^^^ Mdlcetau. ' An embassy of this ofiScer to Irkata, a city near Smnuru, is mentioned in No. 42 («ee above, p. Ixxii). 12 Ixxxiv TELL EL-AMABNA TABLETS. 76. — Letter from Zidri'ara to the King of Egypt. He, who is but " dust and mud," acknowledges the receipt of the king's despatch, which he has understood, and has carried out its orders with all diligence. 77. — Letter from Shatiwi, the governor of a city, to the King of Egypt. He is diligently guarding the city and district of Inishasi .... (?). He has sent his daughter to the king to become a member of his household. Some half-dozen lines in the middle of the text are defaced. 78. — Letter from an officer of the city of Gubbu,^ to the King of Egypt. In obedience to orders, he and the forces under his command have set out to join- the king's army and to march with it wherever it may go. 79. — Letter, or appeal, from an unknown person, addressed probably to some high official. The writer demands that the accusation brought against him may be referred for judgment to the King of Egypt; if the king will duly enquire into the matter he is certain to give him a just and favourable judgment ; he will accept as final the decision of no other person. The two tines of writing which run along the left-hand edge appear to be part of a document which had previously occupied the tablet and had been erased to make room for this letter. 80, — Letter from an officer to the King of Egypt. After the usual salutations, he complains that, in consequence of the withdrawal (?) of the Egyptian troops from the cities round about, the whole country has become disaffected. If the king has ' The position of Gubbu is unknown ; the name may be a mistake for Gublu, i.e., Byblos. SUMMARY or CONTENTS. Ixxxv any doubt about this, let him ask his commander-in-chief concerning the things which have happened in his land, and whether the Egyptian troops have not forsaken him. 81. — Letter from an officer (whose name is lost) to the King of Egypt. He acknowledges the receipt of certain instructions, and announces the despatch of certain objects required by the king. 82. — Mythological text relating to the goddess Irishkigal, who is known only from the Tell el-Amarna tablets, her messenger Namt^ru, and a number of gods. The style of the fragment upon which this text is inscribed proves that the tablet when complete differed in shape from those usually employed for letters and despatches. Both Obverse and Reverse were carefully ruled ; and the lines of writing depend from the ruled lines. Before the tablet was baked, small holes were pierced here and there, on both sides, probably to provide outlets for steam and to prevent cracking or blistering. At intervals of a few words, red dots were added, possibly in Egypt, and apparently to mark punctuation ; though thev sometimes occur in the middle of words. ^ The close similarity of this tablet, written about B.C. 1500, to those of Assurbanipal's library at Nineveh, in regard to form, ruling, puncturing, etc., proves that Assurbanipal, about B.C. 650, adopted the traditional form of tablets in making copies of the old hymns, litanies and prayers. The text forms one of the two or three mythological compositions which were found at Tell el-Amarna, and which now unfortunately exist only in a fragmentary state. There are preserved in Berlin four, and at Glzeh two, mythological fragments (B., Nos. 234-237, and B., No. 239), all of which probably belong to this text. If this be not the case, their text forms part either of a duplicate or of a continuation. The custom of marking short members or sentences with red dots was common in Egypt. For examples on papyrus Bee, Sallier ii., B.M. No. 10,1H2, and Mariette, ies Papyrui Egyptiens du Muse'e de Boulaq, fol., Paris, 1871, tome I, pi. 34. Ixxxvi TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Three of these fragments (B., Nos. 234 and 239 a, fi) mention the goddess Irishkigal, and their text certainly refers to the subject- matter of our fragment. As to the other three fragments, if they do not form part of the same text, at least they do not appear to belong to the mythological text B., No. 240.' The meaning of a large portion of the present text is doubtful, but it would seem that it opens with the account of the gods sending a messenger to their sister Irishkigal, offering to bring her to the place of their abode. In reply she sends her messenger Namt^ru, the plague god, who performs certain acts in presence of the gods. The goddess herself also accepts the invitation to visit them. The home of the gods had fourteen gates, each one of which was guarded by a god. The names of the guardians of the first two gates are wanting, but those of the gods of gates 3-13 are Mutabrika,^ Abd4, Eabisa,^ Dirid, Mtu, Binna, Sidana, Mikid, Birapari, Um(?)ma, Llba. What happened in the abode of the gods is, owing to the mutilation of the text, unknown, but it appears that a quarrel arose between Irishkigal and her husband Nergal, in the course of which he treats her with such violence that she is forced to beg for her life. Nergal drops his hand and weeps. Irishkigal appeals to him : "Thou art my husband; I am thy wife. Take unto thyself the sovereignty of the whole wide world, and stablish all good things of wisdom by thy hands ; then shalt thou be lord, and I shall be mistress." Nergal listened to all that the goddess had said, and kissed her while her tears were flowing; and whatso- ever she wished to have done was done from that time forth for evermore. 1 This interesting, but very mutilated text appears to record the incident of tho breaking of the " wings of the South wind " (B., No. 240, obv. 1. 6) by Adapa T I? Sn ^> t^s S""! of Ea (1. 11), and the enquiry which Anu, the sky-god, made to find out why the South wind ceased to blow for seven days (1. 6). " "Lightning" (?). ' See Kawlinson, Cuneiform Inscriptions, Yol. IV, pi. 15*, lines 28, 485; pi. 16, No. 1, 1. 16; pi. 21, No. 1 (B), 1. 13; pi. 29, No. 1, rev. 1. 26; K. 5005, 1. 6 ; K. 5078^ Col. Ill, 1. 3; K. 5269, Col. I, 1. 8; K. 5312, Col. II, 1. 8 {Catalogue, pp. 682, 687. 703. 706), etc. BIBLIOGEAPHY. *Ar>LEE, C, Note on Babylonian Inscription discovered at Tell el Amarna and now in the British Museum: The American (Philadelphia, Pa.), June 16th, 1888. Aus alien Zeiten: Vossiache Zeitung, Sonntags-Beilage No. 25, add. to No. 283, June IJth, 1888. *Bahylonisch-assyrische Keilschrift-Briefe aus Egypten: Archiv fiir Post und Telegr., 1888, pp. 682-683. Ball, C. J., The letter of the hinj of Arzapi to Amenophis III.: The Academy, Vol. 36, 1889, No. 916, pp. 343-344. Bezold, C, Bahylonisch-assyrische Keilsohrift-Thontafeln aus Aegypten: Beilage zur AUgemeinen Zeitung, 1888, No. 291, pp. 4281^282. Milkili: Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie, Vol. VI, 1891, p. 166. BiKKS, E. B., The name "Moses": The Academy, Vol. 34, 1888, No. 845, p. 27. BosOAWEN, W. St. Ch., The Tel el Amarna tablets: The Babylonian and Oriental Record, Vol. Ill, No. 12, 1889, pp. 286-288. ^ Southern Palestine and the Tel-el-Amarna Tablets: ibidem, Vol. V, No. 5, pp. 114-119. An Erratum : ibidem, No. 6, p, 144. Some letters to An.enophis III. : ibidem, No. 8, pp. 174-179. Brown, F., Babylon and Egypt, B.C. idOO : Presbyterian Review, Vol. IX, 1888 pp. 476-481. Bkunnow, E. E., Bie Mitdni-Sprache : Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie, Vol. V, 1890, pp. 209-259. Budge, E. A. W., On cuneiform despatches from Tushratta, king of Mitanni, Burra- buriyash the son of Kuri-Galzu, and the Icing of Alashiya, to Amenophis III, king of Egypt, and on the cuneiform tablets from Tell el- Amarna: Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. X, 1888, pp. 540-569. Collins, Q. W., " Mosheh" and '' Mdsu" : The Academy, Vol. 33, 1888, No. 842, p. 435. CONDEE, C. R., The king ofArzapfs letter: ibidem, Vol. 35, 1889, No. 875, p. 98. * The asterisk indicates that the reference has not been verified at first hand. Ixxxviii TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. CoNDEK, C. E., The Tell Amarna tablets: Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund, 1889, pp. 28-30. A Hittite prince's letter: ibidem, 1890, pp. 115-121. Cf. ibidem, 1891, p. 186. Monumental notice of Hebrew victories : ibidem, pp. 326-329. The Khabiri or Abiri: ibidem, 1891, p. 72. Altaic letter from Tell Amarna: ibidem, pp. 24.5-250. The Hebrews on the Tell Amarna Tablets: ibidem, p. 251. The Tell Amarna Tablets: The Scottish Eeview, Vol. XVII, 1891, pp. 292-318. A Hittite Tablet: The Times, No. 83,499, Dec. 4th, 1891. Cuneiform tablets from Egyptian tombs: ibidem, No. 32,520, Oct. 18th, 1888. D^T.A.'Ti'RE., A.. 3 ., La trouvaille de Tell el-Amarna: Revue des questions scientifiques. Vol. XXV, 1889, pp. 143-181. Les inscriptions de Tell el-Amarna: ibidem, Vol. XXVI, 1889, pp. 79-98. Trois lettres de Tell el-A mama : Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeeology, Vol. XIII, 1891, pp. 127-132. Aziroii (les lettres de Tell-el- Amarna) : ibidem, pp. 215-234. Quelques lettres de Tell el-Amarna: ibidem, pp. 317-327. Lettres de Tell el-Amarna : ibidem, pp. 539-561. Discovery of an Assyrian library 3,500 years old. Prof. Sayce's description of it: The Calcutta Review, Vol. LXXXIX, Oct., 1889, pp. xv-xvi. Cf. The Orientalist, Vol. IV, 1890, pp. 26-27. Ekman, a., Der Thontafelfund von Tell- Amarna: Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, XXIII, 1888, pp. 583-589. [_Fund in Mittelagypten :"] Wochenschrift fur klassische Philologie, Jahrg. V, 1888, coll. 729-731. \_Fund eines Teiles des agyptischen Staatsarchivs :'] Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift, Jahrg. VIII, 1888, coll. 671-672. E[eman, A.J und W[iNCKLEE H.], Ein agyptisches Staatsarchiv : Vossische Zeitung, May 13th, 1888. Erman, A., Neues aus den Tafeln von El Amarna: Zeitschrift fur agyptische Sprache, 1890, p. 112. Cf. ibidem, 1891, p. 64. Das Land Nuchasche: ibidem, 1891, pp. 127-128. Evetts, B. T. a., The Tell el-Amarna Tablets: The Atheneeum, 1889, No. 3237, p. 641. Cf. Renan, ibidem. No. 3236, p. 600. TAtum-hipa und Gilu-hipa: Zeitschrift fUr agyptische Sprache, 1890, p. 113. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Ixxxix GoLENiSHCHEv. V., SaM^biKa 4Byxi naxo^Kaxi) HeAasno cfliiiaHHbixi bt. Ernnrfi : SanacKH BociOHHaro Oi^'kieHifi HianepaTopcKaro PyccKaro Apxeojorn- lecKaro OSmeciBa, Vol. Ill, 1888, pp. 121-126. Hal]£vt, Jos., La correspondanoe d'Amenophis IV et la Bible: Eevue des etudes juives. Vol. XX, 1890, pp. 199-219; Vol. XXI, 1890, pp. 43-72. • La correspondanee d^Ame'nophis III et d'Amenophis 7F, transcrite et traduite : Journal asiatique, 8™ serie, Vol. XVI, pp. 298-354 ; 402-462 ; Vol. XVII, pp. 87-133 ; 202-273 ; Vol. XVIII, pp. 134-185 ; 510-536. HowOETH, H. H., Tunip and the land of Naharina: The Academy, Vol. 39, 1891, Na 976, p. 65. Cf. T. K. Cheyne, R. Maclagan, A. Neubauer, and H. G. Tomkins, ibidem, No. 977, p. 91; No. 980, pp. 164-165; No. 981, pp. 187-188 ; No. 982, p. 213 ; No. 983, p. 236 ; No. 984, p. 260 ; No. 985, p. 284. [Jastrow, M. jr.], Cuneiform tablets in Egypt: Harper's Weekly, Vol. XXXII, 1888, p. 735. The cuneiform tablets of Tell el-Amarna: The Nation (New York), 1889, No. 1245, pp. 380-382. Jensen, P., Vorstudien zur Entzifferung des Mitanni: Zeitschrift f ur Assyriologie, Vol. V, 1890, pp. 166-208; Vol. VI, 1891, pp. 34-72. IIana{iyHiana vnd Mitanni: ibidem, Vol. VI, 1891, pp. 342-345. ■ Aus dem Briefe in der Mitanni- Spr ache : Zeitschrift fiir 'agyptische Sprache, 1890, p. 114. *JoHNSTON, J., Light from Cuneiform Inscriptions at Tel-el- Amarna: The Sunday School Times, Vol. XXXI, 1889, p. 515. Konigliche Museen zu Berlin. Mittheilung-en aus den orientalischen Samm- lungen. Heft I-III : Ber Thontafelfund von El Amarna. Herausgegeben von Hdgo Wincklee. Nach den Originalen autographirt von Ludwig Abel. Berlin, 1889-1890.1 Cf also Verzeichnis der vorderasiatischen Altertiimer und Gipsabgiisse, Berlin, 1889, pp. 103-109. Lehmann, C. F., Aegypten und Vorderasien im zweiten vorchristlichen Jahrtausend, Nach neugefundenen keilinschriftlichen Urkunden im Berliner Museum: Kolnische Zeitung, June 4th, 1888. Die in Aegypten neugefundenen heilschriftlichen Documente: Ham- burgischer Correspondent, June 20th, 1888. Aus dem Funde von Tell el Amarna: Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie, Vol. Ill, 1888, pp. 372-406 ; Vol. IV, 1889, pp. 82-86. Les tablettes de Tell-el- Amarna : Journal des Debats, Oct. 12th, 1888. Naville, E., Documents babyloniens decouverts en Egypte: Bibliothfeque universelle et Revue suisse, Vol. XLV, 1890, pp. 598-611. * Nebuchadnezzar in Egypt: The Independent, 1888, April 26th, p. 523. t In the present Edition this work ie quoted as "B."; e.g., "B. 99, 2" (p. 143) refers to the Berlin Edition, plate 99, line 2. XC TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Opfert, J., Les tablettes de Tdl-Amarn : Comptes rendus de I'Acadeinie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres, Ser. IV, Vol. XVI, 1888, pp. 251-254. EosEN, v., HoB'l&Hmifi OTKpBiTia Bt Eranii! h IOhihoh ApaSin : SanncKH BocTOiHaro Oik^kbxk HivinepaTopcKaro Pyccuaro ApxeojiorHiecKaro OSmecTBa, Vol. Ill, 1889, pp. 270-272. *S. S. M., Ancient Letter Writing. Royal epistles sent from Babylonia to Egypt : The New-York Times, Feb. 17th, 1889. Sayce, A. H., Babylonian Tablets from Upper Egypt: The Academy, Vol. 33, 1888, No. 831, pp. 246-247. The Babylonian tablets in the Boulaq Museum: ibidem, No. 835, p. 315. The name of Moses in the cuneiform tablets of Tel el-Amama: ibidem No. 840, p. 397 ; cf ibid., Vol. 34, No. 844, p. 11. Letters from Egypt: ibidem, Vol. 34, 1888, No. 869, pp. 424-425; Vol. 35, 1889, No. 872, p. 47. The tablets of Tell el-Amarna: The Athenseum, 1888, No. 3183, p. 554; No. 3184, p. 593. Literary Correspondence between Asia and Egypt in the Century before the Exodus: The Independent, 1888, June 28th, p. 801. The discovery of correspondence between Asia and Egypt in the century before the Exodus: The Guardian, No. 2219, 1888, p. 869. Babylonian Tablets from Tel el-Amarna, Upper Egypt: Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. X, 1888, pp. 488-525. Recent oriental discovery: Contemporary Review, Vol. LIV, 1888, pp. 299-301. The cuneiform tablets of Tel el-Amarna, now preserved in the Boulaq Museum: Proceedings of the Society of Biblical ArchsBology, Vol. XI, 1889, pp. 326-413. Letters from Syria and Palestine before the age of Moses : Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, Vol. VII, 1889, pp. 1-25. Letters from Palestine before the Age of Moses: The Newbery House Magazine, Vol. I, 1889, pp. 257-263. The language of Mitanni: The Academy, Vol. 37, 1890, No. 925, p. 64. The language of Aram-Naharaim and the ^u of the Assyrian tablets : ibidem. No. 939, p. 305. Jerusalem in the tablets of Tel el-Amarna: ibidem, Vol. 38, 1890, No. 964, p. 366. The Language of Mitanni : Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie, Vol. V, 1890, pp. 260-274. BIBLIOGRAPHY. XCl Satcb, a. H., Letters to Egypt from Babylonia Assyria, and Syria, in the fifteenth century B.C.: Records of the Past, New Series, Vol. Ill, [1890,] pp. 55-90. Correspondence between Palestine and Egypt in the fifteenth century b.c: ibidem, Vol. V, [1891,] pp. 54-101. Jerusalem before the Exodus : The Sunday School Times, Vol. XXXII, 1890, p. 787. The cuneiform inscriptions of Tel el-Amarna: Transactions of the Victoria Institute, Vol. XXIV, No. 93, 1890, pp. 12-27.— Translated into French. Les tahlettes cuneiformes de Tel el-Amarna: Eevue archeologique, Vol. XIV, 1889, pp. 342-362. Southern Palestine in the i5th century b.c. : The Academy, Vol. 39, 1891, No. 979, p. 138. The parentage of Queen Teie. Ancient towns in Palestine: ibidem, No. 981, p. 187. The Amorites and Hebrews in early cuneiform inscriptions : ■ ibidem. Vol. 40, 1891, No. 1013, p. 291. The mention of a Ionian OreeJc in the tablets of Tel el-Amarna : ibidem, No. 1015, p. 341. SCHEIL, Fr. v., Une tablette de Tel-Amarna : Eecueil de travaux. Vol. XIII, 1891, pp. 73-74 Le'gende chalde'enne trouvee a El-Amarna: Eevue des rel., March- April, 1891. {Ameldti) sabe Ya-u-du : Journal asiatique, 8™^ serie. Vol. XVII, pp. 347-349. ScHiAPAEELLi, B., \^Tell-el-Amarna'] : Giomale della Societa Asiatica Italiana, Vol II, 1888, pp. 154-156. ScHKADEB, Eb., [Eine phonicisch-assyrische Abd-Aschera-Tajel von Tell-el-Amarna'] : Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie, Vol. Ill, 1888, pp. 363-364 Spiegelberg, W., Brief an C. Bezold: Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie, Vol. VI, 1891, p. 166. Tablets of Tel el-Amarna relating to Palestine in the century before the Exodus: Biblia (New York), Vol. Ill, 1890, pp. 68-69. The cuneiform tablets from Tell-el-Amarna: The Athenaeum, 1888, No. 3182, pp. 518-519 ; No. 3183, pp. bbi.-bbb ; No. 3184, p. 593. TiELB, C. P., Over de Spijkerschrift-Tafels onlangs te Tell-el-Amarna gevonden: Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Weten- schappen, Afdeeling " Letterkunde," S-"^ Reeks, Deel VI, 1889, pp. 140-149. Un' importante scorperta egizio-babilonese : Civilta cattolica, vol. XI, quad. 915, 1888, pp. 313-322. * Une correspondance babylonienne du XV' siecle avant notre ere decouverte dans la Haute Egypte: Univers, Nov. 27th, 1888. m 2 XCll TKLL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Wiedemann, A., Tell el Amarna. Tkontafelnfund : Jahrb. d. Vera, von Alterthums- freunden in den Rheinlanden, part LXXXV, 1888, p. 177. WxNCKLER, H., Keilschriftdocumente aus Aegijpten: Nationalzeitung, 1888, May 19th, No. 292. Berichtigung: Berliner Philolog-ische Wochenschrift, Jahrg. VIII, 1888, col. 804: cf. ibidem, col. 706. Aus Briefen an C. Bezold: Zeitschrift fur Assyiiologie, Vol. Ill, 1888, pp. 424-426 ; Vol. V, 1890, p. 296. Bemerhung zu den el-Amarna-Briefen: ibidem, Vol. IV, 1889, pp. 404- 405. Vorarbeiten zu einer gesammtbsarbeitung der el-Amarna-texte : ibidem. Vol. VI, 1891, pp. 141-148. Bericht ilber die Thontafeln von Tell-el-Amarna im Koniglichen Museum zu Berlin und im Museum von Bulaq: Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, LI, 1888, pp. 1341-1357. Verzeichniss der aus dem Funde von el-Amarna herrUhrenden Thon- tafeln: Zeitschrift fur agyptische Sprache, 1889, pp. 42-64. Der Thontafelfund von Tell el-Amarna: Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift, Jahrg. IX, 1889, coll. 578-580, 609-612. Satarna, Konig von Naharina in den el-Amarna-Briefen : ZeitsChrift fur agyptische Sprache, 1890, pp. 114-115. ZiMMERN, H., Internationale Fiirstencorrespondenz vor dreiunddreissig Jahrhunderten : Velhagen und Klasiug's Neue Monatshefte, 1890, pp. 58-64. • Die altesten Schriftstiicke aus Jerusalem : Kolnische Zeitung, Oct. 1st, 1890. Das Verhdltnis des assyrischen Permansivs zum semitischen Perfect und zum dgyptischen " Pseudoparticip " untersucht unter Benutzung der El-Amarna-Texte : Zeitschrift fiir Assyriologie, Vol. V, 1890, pp. 1-22. Brief e aus dem Funde in El Amarna in Transscription und JJber- setzung: ibidem, pp. 137-165. Kanaanaische Glossen : ibidem. Vol. VI, 1891, pp. 154-158. Die Keilschriftbriefe aus Jerusalem : ibidem, pp. 245-263. Palastina urn- das Jahr 1400 v. Chr. nach neuen Quellen : Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina- Vereins, Vol. XIII, 1891, pp. 133-147. LIST OF TABLETS. I. Letter from Egypt. Letter from Amenophis III., King of Egypt, to Kallimma-Sin, King of Karaduniyash - IL Letters from Babylonia. Letters from Burraburiyash, King of Karaduniyash, to Amenophis IV., King of Egypt. . Ill, Letters from Alashiya. Letters from the King of Alashiya to the King of Egypt IV. Letters from Mitani. Nos. 2-4 5-7 Letters from Tushratta, King of Mitani, to Amenophis III., King of Egypt 8-10 Letter from Tushratta, King of Mitani, to a wife of Amenophis III., King of Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 11 V. Letters from Phoenicia and Syria. Letters from Rib-Adda, governor of Byblos Letters from Ammunira, governor of Beyrut Letters from Abi-Miiki, governor of Tyre Letter from Zitadna, governor of Accho Letter from Abd-Ashirta . . Letter from Abdi-Ashtati . . Letter from Aziru . . Letters from Akizzi, governor of Katna . Letters from Shubandi 12-25 26-27 28-31 32 33 34 35 36-37 38-40 XCIV TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Nob. Letter from the inhabitants of the city of Tunip . . . . . . 41 Letter from the inhabitants of the city of Irkata . . . . . . 42 Other letters 43-46 VL Letters from Palestine. Letters from the governor of the city of Khasur . . . . . . 47-48 Letters from Yapakhi, governor of Gezer . . . . . . . . 49-51 Letters from Widya, governor of Askelon . . . . . . . . 52-54 Letters from Pu-Adda, governor of Urza . . . . . . . . 55-56 Letter from Yabitiri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Letter from Akiya . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 58 Letter from Wyashdata . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 59 Letter from Bayawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Letter from Labawi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Letters from Milkili. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62-63 Letter from Mut-Adda 64 Letter from Shibti-Adda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Letter from Shum-Adda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Letters from Shn'ardata . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 67-69 Letter from T^gi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Other letters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-73 VII. Letters from unknown districts. Letter from Dagan-takala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Letter from Dashru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Letter from Zidri'ara . . . . . . . . . , . . . . 76 Letter from Shatiwi . . , . . . . . , . . . . . 77 Letter from an officer of the city of Gubbn (?) . . . . . . . . 78 Other letters. . . . . . . . . . . . 79-81 VIII. Mythological Text. Part of a mythological legend relating to Nergal, Irishkigal and Namtar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 TEXTS. vir ,3 < o ■« I I .1 I 1 TBLL "It r£2 iH[00 CO 00 > f 1? IT) iii If -t^ ^ uu ^ ^ ^1 u ^- rrt ^w tcj 5i i?-*Tir?i{ ^i:^ iv, I'E f if iii 5u ^ ^^ Ail © 4 >•>• n Ui _ ... -^ ^ tr ,i- ^ V t^ * ul iii ^ -* ?I A ^ u f^ ^-lii A Pi il J r -i M Ui S -i ii i^i i, i^i i\ ii^ u. T^ >^ , E - ivi i^ -fe? q 4 f i^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i- iii Ri YY© iti^li^ f^ » Bmm Y ^^^T^^Iui / t^ j^ -jf^^ Si ii ^ «;? iil T iu «;? in O 10 1 l^ i SI- ^ ^ ^ .< I 5 ^4 ^ /> i*>->- AA ^ ^t. ^ ^ LETTER FEOM AMENOPHIS III 1 — k ii A V w+- ^"^ -^1 tu ^ ^ ^i i- I mi in i^ ^t rr W Hr '^ ^ tr "^ ^ A 1 ai iil * IS * Tk M I , , VV V gf »i_ "^^ X 5t . , u ^ 5il 44 Til 111 HI m i M ^ ^ J- ^^ .^ iii p^ ^ Hi ^ "^ 11 , W ^ ^ « ^ YY "^ i""-^ ' ^ 4 m ^A ^i * - ^ <. Arm .V ^ at ^t ^aT S-S- J^ «3- tr: >.^ A ii iiii M kk kk :^ - i ikk •?< iL ^ ^ III xxA iA, -^^ii^a© »i- >7= »L uIT iiiA ^ ^— ^"^ k > — I 1 >7— 11 >— ►V , lii -<5f M 11 >4- ^ A^ 7^ A^il M ^ ' ' ^ * T tt ;; II t^ ^ ^ y y /i ^ y v ^m% .^ "^:^ 5> S e * .--^ ^^ .-si 1 .^ ^, 1 B 2 o CO I 00 oo ffl PS Ed 4 '^i: TELL EL-AMABNA TABLETSV JUU m-tR ^ 4^'A^ ° »^ T T HI iu li "^i tr « ill ^ ;^ , YY ti: 4 S -^ ^ iii '' -1 J^^ ii ^ R^ M * aU "TTv V ii , ^ i m i s^ ^<^ 1 Trr iri •— ~ii- w^ ^ '^ fcl ^ X ?-n ^ '^y V V *" »L >-^ -^ .V i^ A, ii ^ t? SS Jffi ; 1 r ^ ii f ¥ i w ji i^i w ^ ^ 1 1^ }? "i^ i t7 m ' £ 4 1^ ^, i lu ^ ^ ^!^ ^'^i T^^ ^ jjii ^ gi ^"^ fM ^ 1^1 ^ fi? ^^ ^ iu ^ ^ t^ ?r \/ . .. ri T Hi iu -_ i^t •-* "^ >^| _ au >^ yi, , 'i" * ^ rl w i'^i i 4 ^1 iiii Ail ^ m jSiM JAJ ^ M ^ M M Ef w g: ^i $ 4 j -4 « > < t>. >!* -^ 1'^ J -§ -^ -1 <8 ^ ..^" lO CO 4 O $ i 4^1f ^ ^4 ■■Si • f IvETTEB FROM AMENOPHIS III, :4 >i^ iU TIT k ^ -cf lO Q •^ iii ^ f ?^ *» =^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i TIT A* V "*■ J xii^'^ /■ 5= iT Ju ^'i iii tii ^ " K Eu "r iii ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^iV Vi7 n u ui ^.^ ^ ^ '^ a? i sWi*o rm 1^ 1?'^ ,TiMy ./^«: .■;<^- gy f .^^y? jL -^y^ y? yf yy H ^^ * a-yy<^'y?^4'M <5=y* sy j?^ ^y? <5=y^ ^y ^ ^ -gy ^^ ^-^ ^.4 ->f .4 H'E-yy^'H y? -^^'n^-H'^y^ ^cy ^ ^^ys^^ ^y ;:^ -gy -m ii> H '-4 ?!i-yy^ -g^y ^ ^ ^y;? -ley I f^"j. v.-,//^ ];{ !=cT ^^y H -m H'idi ^- j?^y E-yy^ ^\ \\ H-m ^%\ ^^^'<- 4-yy H"gy4 ']^< - !j< y? ^y'^^4 '^ ^\ s^ /^^^ '^^ ^ 1 m«^ ^ ^^^•^y-yym-Ht^^^ym.-^iSKTH^^w^ff^t^cy^^y'T^ y^^...-/^.*! ^y^,i H^y!=cyf j^ ^-^ 20 : ^ ^'^ SJ>^ -. .^y^ ^ 4^ "gy^ 'y? ^^ ^^ yn? ;[^ ^^y'tMJ ^^y fcy in gy -^^ ^y< H y? Edge. (Si, . *^ / LETTERS FEOM BUKRABURIYASH. No. 2. (BU. 88-10-13, 81; see plate 24.) Eeveese. 25 ^™ -nit yli: Sfi/v-' ixj- ^., ^A/' (a X-Clii/f^l^t 'nan* "^ 30 UX e4 .Ov..U-i<^ 35 /^tV Mtu no, ft''' Hum* «6 ^^ ^^ W' ariK^ iUJi-^ ^ tt> 'T? ;:^ ^w 7^ --:Ey ^y^y^ ^y a*j*fw^*^ /" i. TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. . ; V 'rK. n l/t^ [, A* ■rUc a 10 15 20 No. 3. Harm/v^fet (BU. 88-10-13, 46; 5iin. by 2|in.) ^i^.^^W^-'-^^' \(a^ £♦», ^yyy^J-Vfy>^1'*^ ^ Obverse. /' y?.i! ..^ * (?) ticT * (?) -T^ 3IT -^^T 2T^T II! #J^ BV gr4 tty ^< sy^y y;?^^ >^ m. ^=^j:^yy -g^y £e h^ ^ ly-T^ ■7^ ^ -,K-/ fT,^ HFf- >1ff- y]; M ^.4 ^>f .^By -g- -^^y ^.4 ^>f .^ y?.iy T^y ^ ^yy^ -£! ^ ^ -g^T Idl :eT -g^T *~*" "C^Y £T -^ ^ Bb"^'^ //. /iT^Vi tUJ*'^ ^m ^'T ;. /. *.r^^/..' ;^T ^ JH ^:- |^-^ -/^..."^ "'^-.^^ T?^4 ^T <5^T* H 4^ STtT TT ST -4 >4 V< "* <5=T^ ^T ;:^ -H f^T 40-;:. ;./^„^y^^^<;;A ^ ''ffi T >4 li^ ET4 ^T<^HfT^*^{ ^T< < :eT4 >4 ?? "-" ^?^ %W -HT -TTi ST^T'^^T ^I< T an*'''''' , / «^v«/ (?/» J*/^' *" «f* i4i /o J /ti <■ 9ii-< e *n n*^ 45.., ^ Probably corrected from ■^ 10 TELL EL-AMABNA TABLETS. lay No. 4. (BU. 88-10-13, 21; Sin. by 3|in.) Obverse. ''ew 10 15 20 y^ (?) ^n * H ^T- lET IT- m^y £^? --g i .^/, 15 A. ^r-./^ -/i' > 44 << "/^^ - '^ Hci^'^^' 25 30 20 l^T4f*8=T^m.gn-n^V'gL! ^S ^T?HfT^vin ^ 25 )tt . iJTVTT^*^^! 30 -K^/^JJ^ f»vv. •~^ appears to be omitted LETTERS FKOM BURRABUEIYASH. Jl No. 4. (BU. 88-10-13, 21.) Eeveese. -/3 nti M %^i %?1 •-;vs 2^» Ik; "*-'„ n 7^ si t*"^ <^^ _^i^- ' Here an impression of a scarab, inscribed with 'Cs. and tbe winged serpent, is visible, C 2 12 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 5. vin (BU. 88-10-13, 37; 5|in. Obvekse. by 3| in.) • L'< d/i/wf^'' "' I ^- ^r» 10 I ' Ice- A "E! 20 /■'' (•70 «/ A^i^t? ei^t^ I 5/j<^ Xt/5i«* M-c**!* A;^.; ^££i i-ti* n*»/t r^i -Ct y^ tyif .5^ -eT yf.4 f >f -11 -^y^ ^y? m h| ^'^-^ ^*^' ^'-^ y^ "t^ ^ ^y? ^ j:^y 5^^ f,4^. ^yy^-^y? '^,^ .>f yx^f>ff^ y]f.4 yiy -gy -t:± yiy <^'^'6«/i /fe*'(^ £A 20 =4jy HPf- 4 y^^'^^y^ ^^ ^y -yyf >??^ ^yy^^y^ '^?:=. ->f 4f=- 7^^H(?)^y(?) ^.^ ^\ ^yty ^ y\ - ^- ^.^* \^ ^y? - -^^ jy -i< -++ >f ^ H - f ^4 ^yy* ^y? «im^ t^ YiT^ :iyi^ s^y -^^c ^ t^ lel .^y ^ ►^¥- (^ Mi- 4v^;»i «<>'^*^'" 5^4^'^ -«^ ^^^^m^m .4 1^ -yy-jt{ ty ^yy.- ^y^ 5^ c^^ "E^ ■'^y? -yy??!y ^yty'45 ^ «^ a... i"/^-^ ^y f ??< ?^ -ly ^^ -s^ ?^ y?.4 yiy <- ^ t:^ y- ^y? jy f l(« .vAf' »■ at ^t- -■,i>'--i' ^f, i^:-\'. i.6-;/ j-cM IV Tz i.^'<^'' hM^U^ a. 25 No. 6. (BU. 88-10-13, 38 ; 5| in. by 3 in.) Obyekse. • A^ 0JeLH^ ^^ ^M^T ^^ "-" T? -^T ^':«ll -TH ^T? lo J^ H '^4' '-ET ^ n >3^ H'4 '^TT^ ^M ;^ ^ <|- ]i^f -|f^ ^y .^ ^ 30 /t- Edge. - >-> iM u LETTERS FROM THE KING OF ALASHIYA. 15 No. 6. (BU. 88-10-13, 38.) Revebse. .IT ^TTST^P :T? miMM ne^ 35 ■yi.-4v 40 45 50 •^^^^«^^''< ^ H ^ -gT rTr r^^ T?^T ET^4 Kit" '^ '^ / La 40 ^?<^ n^' r<«. ^T-M JT''^^T'^yT^'l^'f4-^/ " «/«^^'^•^'^'-- :T y?;^T ^\ t^^]f]f J^,^"^ '«>': c>nc„>.lf(/i^^^ ^^^ y? -ly -ji s^it ^y^* %\^m w^i^ ^w ^^ ^ ^ ^,/«i?«r^^^/4i^..«/ py7^':Ey^^y*^y? 10 15 20 ' »»'t)i^ /^/.■fV*- ^^V; ^ ?ry'> - - ^- t, ».UI "-■■. — ,, £-yy *i^i^^'-.'*^-H-^'^ -It ^V, 10 ,^ «/ i-^^i{K^\ ^^^K^-^ •g:i^*^ tyy4 tM ^^y ^:y ^n - ,^ ^ ^^y'l^^y^ j=H UA>< ill.. >^ .- i*^ 11-^ ' Hi iU " AA, ^ 4U tw Mi ^ i# • N^ H N^ :4 ++1 ' lis lEr lu^J^ t!= fc: ^ -^i |W AAi ^ at lui >2 ii .Hh' ^? - i •f^ iii ^ fl ^-*? 1 ^ lU W g: CM ^lii^^*' 5414 JUUU A _ ii ii t4S ^^ *-«? i AU Jl i AU ?=r V o CO St 1 ■^+ > — * j-^ i ^ ^i 'ii' m 2l M yT ^ yI" Axi^K:ii !it, y ^1 Jul m ni iii ' ^m > CO J_ «: * "^ lii JW Hr * u i >->-A ^_ XX 'ill 1 "^ AAI »~- V' aaI ■£=5^ ^ ' xl^ o D 2 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. o in lO O CO 00 t3 CO O CO CO 00 pq P2 ,lw^?^^ '^"^ a^ Tr Ai ^ ^ ■*<' 41- r^ ^ ^-^ Aa ^ i'^i^Iii^ HI ^ A\ \ ^ ;r ^ >=T ^ S ■' All V 4 ^M mm .11^' 4;4 M ^ >J- "^ »— ^ *r Jl v->- uij : ID Wii M M I 4-§[«- V o CO LETTERS FROM TUSHRATT/i.. 21 in CO o if> ■u ■fc" w- »— iui illii, S^ * *f .^ ^I '^^■^ ill4 it "u >^ S:i iUi v>-i ^— >_w_ " ^^ ^iU •tv 52: ^ ?JJf AAA i ■•^ 1 ni ^ ^^gi ^ 4ii S= i^ ^ ^ ^ 4 o <''r- HI Hi 2^ ^'-^ "9? ^ >->- *" ■/A " >— i iZJ i^ i/i ^ u M liiii 4- iiii "iJr >L > 1 i^ mi 1 ■L "^ S=T S=T ^ iii > j=r ^ 1^ X II^ ^ i lO o 00 lO 00 22 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 9. (B. 88-10-13, 79; 4| in. by 3iin.) Obvbese. nil ¥^ 10 <££ !.T -IM !=m ^T T -^T ^TT ^Vi -TT- "5=^ -^^ ^^^ <-* S(?) ^^T "^^ -+ * Jf^*^^- ^^ a,^ <^ -^ ,/ »'ffi*n»in^- 15 >««< I^^.'.- .'f« /v.i.y-' 20 'itomnjL ^'U*^ 25 30 10 Ik^^^'^ '^ ''•^'^ ^ W^ t^^T T-- J^T^ n^4 -^^ F- J=^T5^' n^-^ i^ %y T^^ J=^T53f. , ^ tU ^? T— -T-m -^Sn 4-m -TT-© ^ "^^ -+ J^ -^> 1^ ^""^ ^^^ ^ ^T? f' "ET ->f J^ J?^ .^TET - IT^ ^U -4- Jf^ ' -£T 5?= ^^ T? -^>| A^cLXf^a^^"^ ^ %]il ^.-^ "-^ ^T< ^T!f tj^- 0^ IdT JT <^T^ 4-TT ^T ^ -m - -^^ -+ J^- -^> 'Sll.T ^4JT + £T -B"^^ H-BTIT^*^''/"^ f ^^'"^^ . r* vm /^ f -^ £T f (?) "T^ ^TTT £T ^T4 *(?)#' i^T^TItT^ ^T-(?) -!<(?) T^^L^T^j ^■//r..r.r^- X.. ^Tn 30 Edge. /. (K^a> sMKTeT 25/^ ^T4 ^^-^ "-" -K ^T 1I4 » ^f ill* ^y?*V 35 r« .^<^, Hai'- ij. ■ 1^ y 4^ ^yy n< m. T t^ ^n f?< ^ "^^ ^T J=g ST^ s^f ^i^TTT* ^T ©f ^fW <5=T* ^T ^ -^T - f JT ^ 4^4> ^V^V^i >^^T ^^ *^^-- ;^-'^'"'.^^ ^y^y.^'p^ifz^y.^^^y ^y^y^f^y ^?<>^4t^ ^T4 ^T ii .^ 4-TT ^T -@f ^^ ^ "5=^ T— !g[±: -TIf ^y gy^ ^^ ttyj ^ -^y^ jL^ yiy j^ ^-yy h -^ tj^sET j^T^ st4 "^^ ^n 4-+ n ^ igj'^ "' r.4 \^ £T^ T? :xU 4->f n >^ Mr <5=T* Iiy T^T * T- 15 ^- ^ ^ /^ z^ m ^-T???:^ T- T? "7^ mnET ^.4 -+ ^h iA^ ^T ty? J^^r ^T Ss^T -TTf * (?) -vr (?) ^ jr-:<' y -''^-;' 20 (-/I/. Edge. 0^ U tYn A'O ■/.(^ £ rw LETTERS FROM TUSHRATTA. 25 25 30 No. 10. (BU. 88-10-13, 78; see plate 23.) Reverse. ar^T 1T4 ^ ^^ T? ^I<* -ST^ -TT4 IdT ;^ ty -iT .^^ t^T? -§14 -TT4 HI ;:^ tT ^TT B^^ ??< /'^-f^- ^^^^''Jj'" . ^ "■--■•''■' ^ Z^ -+ -VT t^^T ^T4 T- ty][ 4^^ ^y? ^ \ yU ' kdHi'-"'^''"^ I 15 ffU(^ Obverse. 20 •^^ a^H^^u ^''''"^'". |^> ^^T^ !^?5-T 5^]f^r lai^? ^^ r*Mu •m^ n ^yj^ty? ^^y \ ^ "7^ "ty -J< ^ ti!^y yy .^^ w^ ^- ijss^ p5^y* y <;:£ ^-yy >^ -yy^ -JK S^y HK 25 tetyy4*^4^^>f -^z^y^ ^ ^^ ^rr^f T >^^ ^U 3^T]f T?^T i<^ 1-4^ ^11 «tTT^ ^T? -HF- -^T ^]} ST^ t^T ^- >-£T -F r?^ >^ S;: ^T -h- .eT Hi! HT T? ;=^ ^r St -7^ H''^<-n* ■^TK * !^? "7^ iK jrg h4 -? T-^ "^^E: <3M ^ J^l -8^14 ^ -IH <* 11:5 ^TT V^ S^n H^ S^T «v«" », -/<■ oJ-li'lt. ''«' ^^^ "^IT-^T -^\<* -^'>m-*-:eT -F -/- .2S-4^^TT'^«= !:f[T ^ ^ET Sf T? (?) >^I- * ^T T--^ ^r -ST -^ -7^ ^"i 3:f T -f- f T t^^T T{«?'^TT^T?^T'>^n-^ ^ ^T ^-TtT BiT ^- -T4^^-^ 3T^r ^^T^ ^^ V f-^ ^£T 35 ^^- /w^'l;' « ^'-^ Tf£T .^ !>^ ^g:* ih>-%m iiu?) -ggT--%l ^ - -H ^ T-^ <]>-%] ^> H ttT ^- f T H -T- Vj f T -^^ -H 2T-T -^-TT-^ "^^ ^^^ it] ^^^ ]m H-T £T 4o^ a"^- /n«^*4' ^*^-»^" *;"* / '*«'^ ^ /%w,^<-;" ,** 7^ H ^ /i^'^^.^^^ ^^ A ^- " ^ £t£T m it] %] H T'ffT r^T ^^£T ^TT ^T* ^ '^4 <^^ >^ ^^ -T "^H /- H 4£T T? H - '5=TT4 ^ ^y< 3|ty ^4 ^^H ST ^'^^-^^ 4;r,«.^Hi!H^^^o/^ ^4ji7if«- JT ^T ^^ ^T ST ^^T? "^TT^ '^T^ -g- ^^m& ic caUy m^i^ ul T4 <3^T S^T? «t!T4 <« -ST ^-Vr ^T ^T ^T -ST -^TT^ >^^T M] <]-%] -T- ^T '^^TT^ S^T >^"T ST ::^T_^|iM -T- T>^ •/- T^^^^PST* -T- ^H gTlilJlJ «a^^ SXTHfT^T- -T- ffi€ , :!r.li-i>Jt-i- "• i' 10 / 15 20 ->^ k*. s^^-i -<-< tt ^mrrmm TT ,TtT Mi T^ TtT -B ^ ^ TT w *|| :i TTT ^•-H "^^^ If TT TT T,Y ^^-^ TY s A fei 155 tJI It, Tt At TT m T $9i rS'i; f TtT - » - ^-^ — * '^'1 ' ' 'LL 25 ^.;>15 *i.. Ytt ^ ^ 30 ?\ il8 ti" r -"m m -==£! ^H ^i* ^i n^T ^ii^-^ T-^ "^"^-.:^E!. fU4L ^ ^ — - t- ^sffi^ ^ ^ -:=g^ ^r -s*^ -!l4 '^4' ^< Tll 3tT? -+ 4 S^T? V .^T V ^^T -+ "^<^ r£T4 m^Sti^y-v^ TtJL^^n ^ T-^ 3r4,n ^T w ^i< r?^T ^TT t^E --S* -TM ^TT ^ ^il ' ^TT -H^ t^ f T ■ . . / '^ Itll ^^^^r 1^ T? i^T* -TH' ^ -^ Ml ^^—^^'^'^•'^ =yy^y ©'^'?? -^'ty ^ ttyr,?^/..^;*/^^ y ' ^yy T^^ --s ^u.y^-T^H ^ >^.^^ss^^..*„;g^^^^^ yif ^ 3- >«= -^T "-"^ T-^ -sffi -T- -:eT <3M ^"^ ^^'^'^ ^'^' ^'^ . "t ^^ HtT>-:ET*(?)->f>^-T-^^T^rYH^,.J/^^«^ '^"-/^ :"' ►^T ^ *H -ST T? ^T< 1i5:r!4 ^ -'m ^ >^^T 2T5:Ti^//^> '^ '^'^'^^ ^^ ^' -:eT .fl^T :f? .SH <-- ^T* ^T ^T 3T-T »4- o^Unl h>u ^> ^■'f^ ,^'- Ch^jt- Jit ec- ic-iti^t^ 50 -^ ^' i^ /4f^eC4f ma, 5- ^ • r*v». 60 T?f T :eM n JT -7^ ^£T ^T f T H H -TM ^T H £T- !}.£T 3^1? H -ET T? "-" T? -isT ^y ^-yiri^>3^ =^ y ^\] ^ ^ir- 4-TT'T? I^^M^^lsSf y ;^ y-^ H ?? ^ >-^y v, m ^y A 10 15 ! nt AJt/" ik i^.sCL^^ il(^'^ y? iy- 4 y?^T :e^ ^^y i^y h^ h^ 3^ -g- ^u?) .,,._,,_ ,_,_ ;^ 3ty? -^ "j^yy^ ^ t^^t h ili*(?) lo v./ ;,v-^y/->^ -rii 3^y? -sy* ^ H^ .jA >-^y .fe ^ jy ^-* ^y* ^imy ;^ .^^ -^y y? ^y i^} -^Xl yi^y* ^ -^^y ^ 3^{ -^y5=ii4-^y^:Ey*(?M:^**(?) (?) sy^y -mi^^ -t- ^^h 3^ ^y ^ iS( vruu r^c/u i'*^^'^*^ A' / <«»* // ««? (» ^WJ'S' if. -1^ MH, f^ 15 20 . y^^ ^.p#? Hgy y^y ^ y.^ t y-i^ f yjf^y ^ y>-.^ h V< <\-*-\^ ^y< ^^'^ *^>-.^'^ ^ -:Ey 3^ t^^- h^ y?^y y^y ^^ -s^yyiy ^y -^ "s^yy^ 25 ^,^^ 4/2<*-^y -^^ *'^yy^>-gy ^yy y^^y ^t- -^t- ?i^T ^ "^T ^£T H <^^ ^<* -^ '^ '-^ ._.. n^T T 3tT? SL< <►- "^TH ;^ ->'' :^t£T -T -^ hn] JT T]ffT H^T ST <2TtT ^J^T*/^' ^^<^** ^T- Sf TET ^^ ^I T-^ 3T^T'^LI H ^ T? H -ST T? --:Ey ^ -^sT-^n • H -ST 1} ■gST ^T 7^ -£! 2T^ ^J^T^ ^ T-^ i^< ^ >/- ^T -^ET ^T mm V ^ K^ }^ ^ >:t "^ i^\ f T £T T?^y ;$^ T--^ •!=<^ -ET -^^T H <-- «*>> c^y-^c^ ^^'''^ 30 OnJtlu^* -TH *tII ^^n-^ 2T^T ^ -s^ H 35 if./^ ^^ ;=yy4 ^] aJ^ <^ jt/tMy T?£T ^^T? ^ ^y? fT ^%^ m '-^ ST S^^TSM^TT^f^fT 40 ^TT*-Jrr(?)-'S^IIS^^H imM^T* -^ 3TsJ^ T?^T T^T a/)nf>^ Ka. lexj pen. ^'^ S^ Edge. lilt / 1 (_ nvt-i^ray j^ 'Uri 'Hx^'fiAy F 2 36 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 16. (BU. 88-10-13, 73; 3|in. by 2| in.) Obverse. 10 15 TtT * It >s=i *> >TTr- ^T? ■^MH y;^ 4- ^T >^^T ^T ^ T-^'^r^T -IeT ' ^M 3M ;/ ■'^-i^ '<;; — i„,^y. /; i^} ,/. ^y^ '^y'-^ LETTERS FROM EIB-ADDA. 37 25 30 35 40 45 No. 16. (BU. 88-10-13, 75 ; see plate 20.) Eeverse, 25 «''* vtc' Cf' ^T -;< ^T ' H^ 't ^4' -^x ^ :2U ^/M n£T !Jm! jy - B>" 1^. ?j, ^< 1 ^J - A> ^^ -II 3tT? — 4- 4-TT ^ ^^^ T?^T >^^T ^T AW ' ^fn. . rnM^' /v« 30 K. / ax>-/^*-)^ Lt^ '/infZ, I L^ Lti m>^ I li^- Cc , J*.-.. 1 Ij t-n ot^ 4- A^ © ^^^ n£T >^"T £T ^ji- H St Sty? "7^'iE! nt^t^^T ^-tc r^H a^TLn Edge, t^ iawu-'-' (^^■«, -^ ' /^ '^ "X. '' ' Written over an erasure. {u ^f-C{ ,.U '-'0, ^ ^ -vi. ^ ( ^ 38 TELL EL-AMAKNA TABLETS. ■U yWi A'-*^ No. 17. (BU. 88-10-13, 47; 4iin. by 2f in.) Obverse. I 10 15 20 it] 4T? HtU TJ£T ►^M jy A^ -*'•-" TT' glT-^TT^Mn^^THT-^ 15 iHt?) ^T * ->f £ T ->f ^T -^TT -< h ETT* ^T -ST -^ ^T -sS?? H'^TT^"^M?)^'^-i^<^ ^:"V..«-s.-..4 r.-- ^25 rii-t- v-gs, Edge. mA ^ Or ST- Or ;:^T. LETTERS FROM RIB-ADDA. 39 No. 17. (BU. 88-10-13, 47.) ^30 35 40 45 Eeverse. ►^^* ^ 3:yr T{£T Vr ^ ^if .30 j,^ ^„ oc^ fsU ^'"^ 'm 35 ^,^^ ^^-^ ^'^ i^ 'li'C''' 50 ^n^T t^n-g^T h4:et :TT ^ ^\ ^T ^T s=n * (?) -SfT ^T <4n^B V U ^ € 45 ,')>, /U/ a yU\ c^^U^y ^^ ^T ^ ^TT ^T S^T -l< ►^^ ^ ^a ^^n -F ^ n^ Ml ^'^ ^n4 -f- "^^ TtT 4 ^TT i^ -^T ^TT ^£r •- X< _ ^ - >"■ ^? T-4^ :^\ >^* '5=rT4 <3:w £^T?/^^ir4.^'^-^ /I/ uU^ h-. =y %ji c^ !f20 / ■ A i/^ ^'^/(Jl- %V.^ LETTEES FROM RIB-ADDA. 41 No. 18. 35 40 45 JkJl&i^ [^' (BU. 88-10-13, 40.) Reverse. 30 -PiT tTT4 <^ -n>^ ^T.:i" 30 ,t^ /ii-^^' 6!^' _ ■^^ -T^l B -T <«.•-/•'''* / Vc K/c i£T^T.ET T?.ET r 53f= ^.^ Xt.^*.. 35 0..; 4«,.- ^T HeT N 4- t^TT --^gp u /ao^ c^//^^ St^T T? 4^ ^TT*-4^ ! S< feSfc^)!! ^'^'^ o^^"-"^ ^aoi>_ \^^ V '^^ EY »^ 'i'tY ^ t:y>^ kc ^ '■-' ' ^TT t^g "S-* Sa -^ <^T^^ 40 .^^. j^ f- "7^ -sS ' S^ 7^ H '.^J^T ^Tj:T ^* K^ :r ^ 2TtT ^T Hst*>sttU- >^t^^ M .3tri f 4* S^T?*... ^> a-' f'^' ►rll '^TK tTT=? 'T? ^T S:: -T ^- ' -=^ iET m e?> ' t^TT -^^ -TM 10 ^ «-fc^' U^''''^^'^ 7J'^^ ^ £T -3^ ^ T-^'H ?? -M ^yy -gigy \^ 'lE^y? -yy^yy4 y?^y'y? 3y^y -g^^yy^ m ^ £y >f "v^ "411 ' s^ ^y ^y j=^yy tyy-^ ii< ^^y >?f:'y y? -yy^ sy'j:^yy j-yy4 4? ^ -gy y? ,^y ' 3ty? ^y^^^ ^*^'"^^^ w 25 Edge. u LETTERS EROM RIB-ADDA. 43 30 35 40 45 No. 19. (BU. 88-10-13, 44; see plate 10.) Eeveese. ^PO^it, t/m- AW. it %U^r\A^ T? #M ^ a 9 ki T>^ 35 ^ /^ /(^ /*'•<; '^*' 1 CC^/rU,lc>)f% -TTs^ IH ^^40 c^.U.lA nUn^-^"^"- =T 'Mm u. ^ST 4^ -* -^ ^M ' t^TT lilET r* .-'n -- ^-^- ^j ^ y >^^yy?-gy* -Ey* y^yc?) \^ a >^ ^^y Edge / 40 , ,.?>.- 11 n 1^ ^ 46 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Uli 4(^ 'i^' No. 21. (BU. 88-10-13, 63; 3^ in. by 2^ in.) Obverse. i. it. j( "^M H'T -M tnf -T- ^-y^i ^^^*W ^Ui^^^' ^ y^y i=y'-y- y]f "^^y -'^i|i|^^ e^Kt^ Jln^ec. fi/n f^l^ ^ HfH ^r^l'^W ^T?^y3y.y^^ ^ui an^ ■uruu ^ 15 20 pf* ^^y ^^ 3y -pgy hS lo in -^^ ^ T s^Ti -Hh ^ii5 ^:w ^ ^^^^-AJ |py*(?) n -^T JT ^ v^ / ix- ^ '.ti ^'^-^^^"^ i|T >gT HI :#^ 20 m. U t , /i-t/ /«- ^ /fe "^- t^^ Sfe'SS-fe's-H-s/'y^^ ^^ HH Edge. LETTERS FROM RIB- ADDA. 47 No. 21. (BU. 88-10-13, 63.) Eeveese. 25 %^? H! "^^25 '^^ , fi^ nfT s^T? m..^ ^^ ''*''\ 35|^*^y ^yy -j^^ --^ ^urfss C4^^' aM^t :>^' ■'•^^' %^ 5^ H m -^ ^< T^ "^ ^ ^M. .- ^ ^";. ^ ^ ^-yy 4n -7^ S-T? "v^ <-f| !«'<*'/'' '^ ^ ' ^ 40 yj^y ^y H4^ - A^ -^H7^^ :h- ^T- ^T T-^'^M -ST -^-M ?? ^ -TM T^T ^-£T | - ^^ ^i,^'^^ ^ /=- , 7^"^TtT ^\ * (?) T-^ ^ -^V/'^^ V S^T -^ :eT £ H5:T ST -^ STT LETTERS FBOM RIB-ADDA, 49 No. 23. (BU. 88-10-13, 18; 2| in. by 2iin.) Obverse. 10 15 TaT m *^^ + III li ^ tAt V * ■ B 20 ^h- ^ "^^ — T-f i£r V.^ ^T -l< 4tr <: '/t* a, in ^ "^^ 5 '/^^ 'ilk cMi S-'^f-^ ^ n >-i< ^-B ^TT4 -i< it^T •:et w^ i] I // , ;„ /. , • ^ . ]} m <-^^ -TT^ ^T T}.£T '^TT ^ -r^ IJ^id^iZjc ir ^ty H-T H^ ^ty ^^y? -^1 "^'^ Edge, ^/ft t^i-i^nju n ' '' ""^ '^^i*-'^ 25 35 -l<* ity* ^t ^ ^yv X 'rfg T>£ -HH*(?)RE^^«sE.^ "/ <^- . /- . ■ ^y_^ y;^ .^ ^y ^yy j:;^ ;:< ^l s=yy >^*||^ 20 ^ « '/« '"'»^ "^ ^^""-^ "•"'- ^" ' 4^ ST- f ^T -ST ^t -^tT^ ^ ^ ^«/j';:. /^ c/. .<. T? -ST ^-^ -l< ^^T St >7^ "ET* UnT -g^ 25 ^^ ^. ^ 4- /.^ j^y-*^ h4 sT^T(?)<£^i^ » '-^ yyy r ifTi " ' I -^^ Y Y C[^'':K^< •^-< ..-V iyfe- 4* >>X 20 (iL- l> Mmmmm ^,'- >'0/'^/-? ''?''■? -:et - - . , ^y. _- VV 4 15 «^ /(^ -T /' 1 / / / '^i/i&% Sen/vu<)\ toy,^ ■nvc t '« jc fj_ nu cv lico- H 2 LBTTEBS FROM RIB-ADDA. 53 No. 25. (BU. 88-10-13, 32; 2| in. by l|in.) Obverse. to ;■■"' Oi ; ... ^ * TTT — < * Tn T JU Y 'i^^ y?£TT -^^ -TH -rii :E^n -^^M^H' A/t«^ /V-(/u' i!^'^'''^' rif^r <<^^^ ^i_j^ ^::|? .y>-4 ^» B "^^ !=rT4 -F ^ rsT ^ 5 - ^ A, Reveese. 10 OR tJ' ■ 3 15 20 10 y^/« (Ja 'i^ /'^•^ /«/ •:&<'VS§>-sii' CO a ^U*t ft -£T T? - <*'Kt/^ /""^ '" ^^'^ ->f !'■«< S^T? H-l^ -TM -^ -SI S-T? ^ET "^^T H "^W ST *-4^ -"g .^ 4^/1 CMAy /«- //l^* '^■'^ '"^ " /L, y7V<^»^ r«. ->X ITT * ]& <4n >^"T 2r^T «' "/• T?£T «^ T>^ -.4^ m S^n -+ 4 StT{ -f- T'^ ^ H^ -M ^ -ST :e-T? '^-K ^55^ -TT^ T? ->f "^ ^^^^ "^^"' .^ ^'^^'^ «/J«/W J=^ T£T -^T V --T s=^TT ^T T- (khJ>k ■lit. Jp u '^-'^ ArV 25 T?i^-^Tf^^»(?)':ET4^-TM>WlS^T?.J^ , ->f -^ :HtT? -+ T'-w :e!:t? h4 -tt^^T ^J^T ^ ^^^ ^Vi ^\\ .fw ^V j^'t., ->f 4 SJ^T? -ST ->f T-^ "B-V, H4 -TT^T ST ::^ -TTf ^ S^T? T?f T A^T ST m #: ^? ^T? ^ 5=TT4T "^ST ST4 ^.^ m i^TT ^T t.^< 6A 1 Corrected, or erased, by the scribe. ^i/ , aV t^^T3T4^^^^^^^r? T?^T if= ,4: 4 41? ^ "^TT^ -^iET H^ V U (§^ (T^ 4^ cM- a/ri~U. lot/ Sci/W^ *^' ^c I'^M'i^ ('(*»- >^^J[^ 30 Z'*^ ^'^ ^ ^^.v^<^^'* 5---^ '^-< "5=114 s^ 4^ T-^ T? 3tT? ;^ gT /s^ -gT H4 -^^ Hfll S^T? V ^ -gT "5=1 «^ J^T H-^ «^ T>^ IeT h4 -tt-:et -;< :5tT? T? ^^T ^^ --^^ :^ ^TT-^* -^^yHi ^HflllE!:!? s^ ^'^^ T?£r T? f^fff'^'mmm Edge. 56 TELL EL-AMAKNA TABLETS. 10 15 20 No. 27. /•Wi iMyvt/yew (BU. 88-10-13, 7 ; 3| in. by 2| in.) ^ ^^W- Obversk. y?fi I?f! «^ y-^(?) ►^^ Jfi; '^]^\i^c^^\^^^'''<^e-^f ^yy* ^ V y? 4- ^yy-^ ^nny >^^ m. ^^y? sy -Mv -m ^^ yjgL s^y? y? i^y 3y^y ^1^ X^y ^? yH« ^ tyy^ ►<< --^ >yil ^Vy 10 ^ iira Idly '»(-■> V ^y • y^^y ^ ^yy ^\ -%\ h4 a\ iny - h4 15^ ^, ^y -i< s^y? y? ^ ^y^^y ^^ ^y ?? ^-y gy A\ tx c^yy ^y^^ gy h4 -^yif H - H^- 3^y t^yy j^^^y ►^y 3- -v^ h ^y 's\<\(pmm^ jg ^ yH« :£y^y ^yyf ^^yy H4y 5=y? H - ly ^y -i< '^tyrc?) y? ^y 4^ y^<« ^ <<*(?) h4(?) 20 Edge. / I ^ ^ / S' '■ olJ ■t- ocrit' ^^f" S cft/i' fc^ w- 4^T £tr;f |5^ ^-, =T ->f ^-TT ^^-^ >ffff T-'^ST "^TT^^A^- 4^T 44f . ^^T Jl^ ^.^, TU >^*T Ml ^^: (. ^ V -> ?s^ -^ H} ^T? tUT ilT ^T ^ 5(ic*u ^3^' '^ i X^ IK ^^-^h-' ' n/^/t^ ^ihir^ r'^'f^ I- ^-^ A ^r^. 3 •*, I" ^ ^ S'^ ^ . ? V. I % -.5 J^ >->>;^r' TU -^ -W ^ ^T? -m TU TI "^T Hi 4-TT ^-^ T? ^4 -=^ ^ 41iT ^T? -^-^T 4- ^ tT-Ty-^^-^ ^ '^"^ ^'^ 4' ►cj^ « ;^ <<^ ^^:^ ^ -^ H m ^ T?^4 C4£T4 ^^r- ^ w. /.i^ <- :iT^T? >^^2Tl^-^£T -^^ ^< ^^-^iT^TJTr^i t^ ^'^T JT , tt P= ■'^ ii *^^ .— . "^^ ^ V. :ts fC^ ^ V,t 41 fir o « «D M > ,^ H CO M I o 00 00 PQ i^ 1 ^ iiii /i ►U- ^ fc iii 4 fn ^ ^ ^i ii"*< fiu M rrr m1 V ui A 14 ^ i^r^ * j^FT ^ ?^ ^^^ ^ ii^ S iM i^A ^' 3 1? i „,-i7^:-Xr^ l^ 1^ o lO O lO m ii ^ Hi g^ > — ••ii- >T- V >r t5* rii ^ .>-s« :-^ ^ -1 «s^ csii 5i o -*7 i^i 1> I li ^ 4 ^ ^^ ^ T i^ iii l^ Ti i»i ^_ -<^ "^ T I V >r7T ^1^ 111 I 5*: A ._ m ^ lui ... ^ ^ gl ^. A <^ ^ ^ '^ ^ ^^liM^^iiigff^ A ^ J_ J- tt <7 «;?

^ ^ -f^ >w- Hi s>^ Vfr^J u:, •^-'. •»= -^IT'^T ^ ^.^ ^ %]^ A ^.-^ ^T ,^ ^< 1, m ^tftt-x-^/^^^^^ '^ gy^ ^r -TH >El.< ^T J! ^^4 >^^ T- '"';: "''' ^^"^ % >^IT "^r --T44f * ^^^ ^- '^[■'^^^ "^ ^!^ • <-- Jt|i5^'»«',<^'«^.>-'''^«J •<^-'f -^ -^ 2TT ^^ iM >^^T ^T tu -- ^'^T i'lr':^^:;- w ^T? ^ -^T :^^T BU -^ \^ ./ i, ; -:sT J^ ^^:ET4'^ST^a-">^^ ^^i:y M. -pty ;^ ^y? y]f ^^ ^^^ ^>f ^4 ^-^vw., ty;? *^ -^T S^T ^^T -TT'^*|25,^«„^,^^^; ^ -TgT T^ - ^ < -.* , ••> ^ - ? ft LETTEUS FROM ABI-MILKI. G3 No. 29. (BU. 88-10-13, 51; see plate 11.) '/v;>.» 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 V Keveese. 2n "SET 5^ 4;: ^ 4-^T E^It s^ff "7^ "^T «'^' Z'**'' '^^ ^ ^/v^^- 2TT T- ^ -T• ••<•; ^ -f ^ y? ^ -^^ -^ 4-^y ^y W /tJ )v"-r- Edge. ^^ anuui'i'' ^'''^'' 64 TELL EL-AMAKNA TABLETS. .'J-i^ ;(»i^»«^ ^i.-mW" 4fr-' 10 (iKv'' t4Ui \te*^ 15 20 No. 30. (BU. 88-10-13, 56 ; 41 in. by 21 in.) -J o Obverse. 25 Vj. ^ rYY yr|r :^ P •-o T tT 1 ' ^ A. „ — , -<-< I Hi t- iV o era ■ i i f .rv/ tAl, ^f-^ £14 HIT ^T S^r ^..^ ^T -^iT I i^*.«^^' ^^^ ^^;C^ T? J^ T^ "^T -TT?;: ty? ^n -SETlio^ 4^W ^> >^T >7^ i^^%* S^T -^ li-.^.jifl ►=^ -T^14^ ^T? I< ^ * (?) >H« TJ.^ 15 ^:'^ .^^' ^f^, -^ .4 I? -TT 15 ■;'^ ...--•' ^z^;^/.*' ^'1^ ^ 4i: ^T? T!f^^ <==* (?) Ui, ^T< \^5ffp * (?) ^- >-j< 207":^*^ <^'i" ianui' 4'/! n^ , ^T* (iyj«/' I bU -/n^ 30 ': s ^ ^-. ^ '■ 5 .V-> X. .1^ « _, ^ >yII >^- ^T? ^TiTJ^TT "^H ^=^ -^ -^T-^ ^Tl ;^ ^ #T JT A\ >/- "^T -^ST ^ff^T /- ^MT^] -^ !Bh .dl^iPBI 25 ^a«.v/v >.^^^^ ^iJ-^H^T*^ JT T?J ' , - ^ T?^4| 30 Edge. /. / n Ct-tt~tM •• 35 40 45 50 55 60 No. 30. (BU. 88-10-13, 56; see plate 13.) Eeverse. ciii/ /nciti 11- -TM ^^ M n U t ct/Uii 65 »^T £T' j^n ^H '^T ^r<^ --^ ^^' ^ ^'^ ^ ^r -w^ ^ -gy^ 5=y^ .^ ^Tl^^H ck. '' // ^,-ii ^.4 <^*(?) ^>f ^ty •:Ey .^ ^^y v, «y gy]; "7^ y]f j^ i^ ^^n. yU ^n ,^. / ■ /kA/- «/«/' 5aw« liHiUii.' "- ^y ^M^s^ >-4 50 z^.^,. ^^,^1 yfj^ - fut ?T? ^%^ .. w - ^. -\\:ET^ \ ^-^^ u. u ^^^ y !=y? :s^y :s^ -fey ^ ^^ ^y-m y \\ ^^^ igTj -7^ X 2g: ■7^ X SS H 60 U^ 4pc Edge. 65 ' ^ L: 66 TELL EL-AMAENA TABLETS. No. 31. 10 15 C5 O (BU. 88-10-13, 26; 4 in. bj 2iln.) Obverse. il TW d^ ^ i> '" T ^ .V r^ . T?? Tttt il' tT 25 03 o ^' t vvy J *^ «i??T M 7^ ^^T T t^ ;HT -^- T? T^ 15 ^ «^ /ft^inA/^'-*- -^^- "^T -IT '^\U f^'u. m^^ ^^*^^^ ,r^i^aiiP^ ^T? ^ £T^ >^ 1 20 Y^n>^\Ix,^ ^^ "tT 4- T? •^-TT'^*'^ ^TT^ '^ T< S ^T ^TJT(?)I ^*M^ ^. ^^v^.. ^f »<«►(* 4(v^ 1 wm T? >T«* (?) T?^4 :ht r^^' bd«e. K 2 68 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS No. 32. (BU. 88-10-13, 20 ; 2| in. by 2iin. ; see plate 6.) Obverse. 10 V,m f^ -TH ^\L S^l jr^yy yx-« «^ y-«< "^y^ yj^y ^^ y^ $*^ v^* '*^ '" y j^^ ^yyy^ ^-y? ^>f *? ^-yif Imu ke.c^ -+ y^ s^y? ^ ^y ^T -+ -TT-]]<] c^>^ JUJ^ ^^^ ST -T5=l^ -^< -l< V ^^ T-w ►v^ -]]<] -r4 ^n s^-* '^^^^^ / 'y" -:eT t'^] a -^T H -^T -li ^^ -^T «T- iHlH ^%] >^^ -TH -rtl, ^T? ./j.i^.^j.w. ^■\. it] H' H3^'C4^T ^T? /^'^-^ ^a^ncc^^i^^?^-^ -:ET «T- «T- ^ ST < ^ T«« — <^^T ^ <^^ it] - m ^ >- ]^]<^ -h 15 i0.-f>f^J^ ' '-^^' CitA j^'l I itdUa '-■ i~ ^ 10 \ 15 ^ Oi No. 35. (BU. 88-10-13, 76; S^in. by Z\'m.) Obveuse. pn J 1^^ 3yi ^ %v ^ m. ^T? -+ Tw -4- ^? nr ^^'^, , ,, , B 5 20 ^ ■^ V ^ Yt ^^ A _ — -an; $4 f ^ ^^^ ^TTT^ T-^ :2T? ??£ri^n-^;t?^ ^T — - ,1? LETTER PEOM AZIEU. 73 No. 35. (BU. 88-10-13, 76 ; see plate 22.) Rbvbesb. A- 30 y«./M*^ y 35 <1>l 40 VI 45 VII 50 T V,< -HF- f -ST -g T?.4 Jl= "jff- TV, 3:tt ^T ^^ ^'T m -J< IrTLT '^ ^.-^ m -Tf .JS: ^ f ^T ^ gTT^ '^rrr ^ ^tt>^ ^it^ ^t <:!^ ^./u.^ ^^^ « ^^ ^ ^ 'JBT !^'^ ■gMI' E;^|-< M< L n* «• v{«" l/ci ^ /pa« « .i^^ -Til g:T]^ ' g^TT ^ ^4 ->f .^ ^^^'O ^j'\^c<-nc ^^,t- * ^ ^4 ^ T^^ W< Vf H- -J< Edge. ' ,/^ _''^';^ J^ CflCt, CtfuMi^ < l/t-tl ^^,^ /.->\,, 74 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. 'A'-" /Mi/Ha/ flU /.., ' (c^(l'.( VC 15 11 ?<.«.- ,20 Ja(k i« ^ ^ j„ /; ( j'ttvi/t W<« No. 36. , V '^^^:^'' (BU. 88-10-13, 55; 4i in. by Siin.) Obverse. -I \ TT ^y^r'^y^^r H y>.,.v>. ' »-< ^ ^y^ V^ »^ K a^rU ''^^^■*. /^ h*J T?^ii sr -^ >?? ^rr-^ iKf ' -iw- -H \\^»^y ^T^-T^H ^T4H ;$^T— ^ty^^^yr— ^T? yUSiT^^T' '--t<^ ^.fr.^'^S :Sf^yt:y;f5 M.UiMo."- 4T?2W^^'^.t.!lf^' >w- IQ ^ iW>-%\ «-! rR^^-M?? >w- SfJk a- toie w- >«- * — '■ / 15 « 6c ff- ^T? ^H -^ 4;: in— ^ * >^T * I— * 'mM ^^" ^ ^'^]rr4<^ ■yet' »■ M m ^->f4;:4-iy'i?y-- gy *'^ 50 'rK£ ■'"Eft/ 55 60 "V" No. 36. (BU. 88-10-13, 55.) Ee VERSE. 30 a^iM^M^ ^'l'^ >ff- ^n tT? >7^^'^: Ku \ idi /?! ^U >w- m^^' <^/e^^ <'«^ CO ^ / >*< A(^ / fA^ -^ \, «r^'«.rvA t^A nrA j-=-A g| ^^||' J«^7« -^^ El -7^ i-^MV .'/.«"' ^'"-^ \\< ^^ ^1 -^^11 ^1 >-m^ :ei "7^ ' >ff- >-w^ V>- ^W (?) f^* .4 ' ;^ >y| I-- ^1? -m m 5^ H* "V^^-f^ ^- ^^v^ 2IT -^H'"-^ Jr(?) SI -^ >?f: t^l? |40 ^^^^ ,,,,,/ ;«| .« .e^,/ ^^ SI -^ ^ ^1? /^•^'■''. '<" ^ -gtn ^ - i^^^^^^^^S^ I—* >ai f^^4 ^'^^ *^ ^ >-<>«- tilt y-t =n m*^ BlI^I^^SI^ |.;,^,, ^.. t/ <.S:^n Hir I— till ^1 -ll/- 45 kx,a ^l^l-i^l^ W^^ -4f4 -+ i?^'t?n ;$^i ^ ^1 tui ti^- .?i^i SI "5^ f .4 ->f 4 -+ I? A< ►v4^ \^ \]< -^si ^1 -^311 ^1 -^m- SI ^ ^^|^|-t|? Sl-sflf^ lU <2I^I4 BV, ^ -^Sl IKf '^A-< III 31 "^^ ./M" ^^m g <^* -^rr SI f 4 ->M{ >::^ ^n -^£1 ^ I- '!=n ^^^ ^"-^ ^^''^ ^ ^"* 1^-^11— 3W*/,/. Jfr j:^n m ^ ^1 SI >7^ si>^ ^^- * CO <|-:^ ^.-^ -HF-.4 -4- ^-^]\ ;^ t^l? ,„«-*/./ J ■5=T?!ji^|^-*SI >w- >w- ^1? f4 g:^M>^l }3U^UIU (-1- ;«6 /iSi MUf i^i-i*' M^H^K t^ A riecnu/i lU'i 60 ^6^ Erased by the scribe, who probably intended to write "^yY ■^Sl ^*''®- L 2 76 o CO 6 1? i-l|9! 03 crj|QO -^ 00 00 o HI t ^r iU 4 5.^ ^"i * ill! « ,:_ if 1 4i} A * — .y^ * * -*? iU j_ * * ^ 4- ^ !~ * iii 1" ^ * ^ T TIT ^ ''^ *^ iMSie ' ' "" im ^ I AU y * i -«f? y '* a ;5: AA M It * +il#^^% > S:> kkk ii^yi^ 5- **a ?ij ^* ^ IT ■«? YY tt 9ii A *'>'*' T 5= yi ?t< * K^ 4 AA f j^ ^ ^ All ti tr *^ ^ A ■>"- ji. i ^ :J^ AA 10 10 4^ ^ k Xi M AKIZZI. 77 o eg ■it^ >f Z> ,J, 1 m * ^ 9^m SIS >^ '^ iii ^ u w im w m ^i ^^'^^^^^^^ ^t ^ ^ ^ ^ J '■ -" ■*! ^ ^ -^ Hi O eg ^^W J T T T T ^i ^>M^<; ln?W;s-'syiv5 * ^ .^ ^ 5- ^fi ii%^ y| :J«^ :jc, ^ ^ ^^^^^ M ^i^ ^ fc s= s= E= P^^ ^* i^^ i iU iU iU iU , , Si: U *** Ail s m li ii ^^^ * at *"* t ¥ m T . |A g ^ t*i ^ i^ ^ ii 'iH ^* iii _ or ^* T «6 !* ^^ iii in o CO CO ^ % •^ 78 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 37. (BU. 88-10-13, 41.) Eeverse. !Mi(^ injU'u . 45 ^^mB y ^]] T?.4 TIT r;f^4 w^ >-< ^ ^T y * ' V t TTf" -^ ^ V -m %^ ^ -i\ i^'k 65 xmi 70 IK tic (/Cu. ■Vu ^; tt^cO t\ -^>??^y:? '^TJf'T^^r ^'-^s-^ grT-H-^>^^n I ic.uh->^<^ I ' V-^ p >-^r-^?^?«-M^riy r^^j^ >w- ^?I— • ^H' =T? -^^I'^n^^T ^T^ :^s^i"^nii^T^yif(?w(?T^?p'^ <^'^ as 70 c^^ f. AV..i- LETTEES FROM SHUBANDI. 79 10 15 No. 38. (BU. 88-10-13, 6 ; 3f in. by 2|- in.) Obverse. J k4^ "f^^- ^%'^ m. ^\y-^ w B]} ''"^ ^^ / -^"t BiiT -TTTil ^T? -4- 4 ST^* t^TT* ^-b]*^^ ^«^ SCO -Hh >ffff T- B '^^ B I Ja-*"*^ / --^ - y . V ;::^-< ST^T -^ -g^T- H fw: T- g i« -^ *^*^ 4- Kevekse. 20 ^y(?) ^ J^TT >^* V ET* :et- :ht - A. '^- ''^^ /r ' ^^ ^/^ ^ ^ ^ '•^ Edge. Afi- - ^ O. rt^- rTyJ. Af LETTERS -FROM SHUBANDI. •81 No. 39. ' ■ - 'J. - . ' J :. I (BU. 88-10-13, 52'; see plate 12.) Reverse. 20 tW -TT^T "^^ ET J^-< HT* i-^* yr £ 20 ^f i. 'n^uy ti>j&^^ vi/ufe/ Hf-y^^Kl-^ytir^* ^m^^^\^t,^^^>-w v*" Li nAia.n-i' f^ SJr<> lu/ n' 15 / 20 U 25 7^ «I(c2i:*, j^ ^ -B] ^ ^ Jj: ^ »— ^•- ^y /«*.-■ «^| CU ftw-nO "^ ^ lEy^f * (?) -ty * -^ ..?? 4?. -=^ "^^ I >ff- Hft- ,^>^^yUty*->f4-yyi5 >w- »«- >ff- >w ^yyf-4-^ yU-^^-^^ ^ >^ ?f:>^ .^ *«^ ^ J. r.^ u^ B^t^^^B A\^ -£yEE.4->f-4in-Ty^^^yy'^ ^ >v^ "^y t^T j^T^T ^ ^ ^-yy y- ^y ^ vo ^f<- 35 / 40 // 45 HAW- 'V ^4T-^'4^^' 45 iO CC n>e> ^j" ^^ (^^w """^./X*; /k' |^.^^■^■ «. 86 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 42. tKa ly^-tU^ (BU. 88-10-13, 13; 3| in. by 2^ in.) Obverse. 10 15 20 BW ^ -r tir^ T?^T -v^ -TH -gT ^ T*-^ fr ^T ?? >-'S-»/S« ^ ilrM, Oi jn. ^j: ^ ^y £:y^ ^y^* ^y.. 2=TT* -F x^.W -» ►^^ HfM ^t >^^,_,^ ^ (fe (k^^ j^<^-(~'^ i^h <« <^^ -^^ -.t\^ ^ ^<<^ -^ ^|fT y^ ^y = «i^?''>'*Sy*S < ^^ t^y !il^T >??^ y?>-^ ^ y^ >fw: J=^ ^-. «-^ «A-' -yi?^ <^ ^y if= ^y ai^- u ^ -'^^^'f" ^ X "^yy^ ^y ^i< y ^< ^yyfl- 4-^f ^y .5^ H^Edge ,^.;.. rM -^'. ^ Corrected from /"^y^y. * Written over another sign. LETTERS FROM PH(ENICIA AND SYRIA. 89 No. 43. (BU. 88-10-13, 11; see plate 3.) Ebtbese. miu^ -mm 25 30 35 30 Ct-y*M>Jv^^- ,4, t»tt^ ^ -> ^n ST^ -^^T ^T < ^- if^ >^«: ^T Tl ^(T< -ST 3H T^T lEtT? ^ 'I£l T?fT H^T %^^ -ST S^T? "T^ j:T: ?r-^ t^^ MT- ^ -g ^ V^ ^TT W" ;^^ £» tt ntl^'"^"^^*^ f aj >■■ 10 i^w^/-'^^'-'^ -'ET ^ T*--i5^* ^TT-TT-g t^T f T -£T ^ T-^ ;TT* ^ f ^* lei Mt^tftti^ j^TT T-^'-^- -7^ ^gT"4ff<^TT* T?fT -^^ aA^'^^^^'^-^ I j »< JT M^?? T ;^ T ^ "^BVm . j^TT T«, tT ^ 1^ T? te -TH -1T'H-T T£T av//» -/-t*r.,x - ^«^^ T >^nT? ^ Cff:^'-.^ <« s=TT^4ST JT*(?) so ,Wh^^-^''f **^ <2M JT >^ #^ -1T tT S? ^ ^4^ ST V, >-:eT "^T- i!=T ^Xi T?f T ^T -gT '-g^T^ H -^^T ^ ^T >^T'i£T -Iyt*-^ ^^ ^%} HS:>^T T? i^^ *[ ^J^<- < " ^(f - ^ ,^'^ j^TT l^^ -^T ^tT ^T « !£! J??^! ^-1 * (?) ^1^]B]M^^ ^- ^/^U A ^TT t^* -"fcT n^r -^^ -U, ^^1} \a^y^ *^ 5«M< ^ -IT V, '^^ ItT fMl^^' ii^MfJtPi'ni,^ '^^'^ y.^^ tr-f- 15 ^T- -g- t^TT it\ H M ^T S^T T-^ -^^ ^r!- -< m m r lAJ P-'- i.OI^ M ^t\h W*^" ^-^ ^-- ^ -v^ Min ^ ^c^f. X-V «-^ ^«^ SM H!=T- J:^Tr -m T? -g^TT^ ^fe T ty? sy'*s:ftS>is>-5S>'S»5%s>'*s>-asx^^' Id L^ iW^ Edge. ^^r '-h Eevekse. 10 n^ ' .fu c^ ^'^ ^ .«< '^yy^*(?) y?^^eps lo ?iiy ^yy*(?) — ^yK?) | ^ -.^ >f^i B^y? -+ Sty? -Hf- * -^y -b^w^) y?.-e ay — av, -^^ +^1 ^ ^y? AKe. <«^ "^ 96 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 47. (BU. 88-10-13, 27; 2|m. by 2|-in.) Obverse. it Ma/' 10 15 4£- -H- z*!*- i sum*' ^*^ ^ T? ^^^i^ n m- Edge. Si, ru^ LETTERS FROM THE GOVERNOR OF THE CITY OF KHASUR. 97 No. 47. (BIT. 88-10-13, 27.) Keverse. ,);a >" 98 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 48. (BU. 88-10-13, 65; 3^ in. by 2f in.) Obverse. 10 15 4T "^^^T — — ^ >STT Q< ^TI ^n »i1 T ^^^ -TR '^11 ^T? ^4' M «T f;i^y? OLM^ utAn n^»<' r*^^ 15 fi^ J^^ it(- m Mi,' ifL Ja/n< «^ -gy* -^^y^ i^-i jy .^y < ^'^u a t^ iu,u^n^ ^v, 1^ y^y iM f ^ ^n -+ 4 H^ j^TT* "m ^Hh ?;s K "^MIETT ^n ^ 4 ^ H4 ai 5=^T 3r-T fciiiT -!ff T-^ ^I? ->f 4 ^T? -HP-^ H^ 5^TT m ->f .fw: T- 'SJ?* J < V MT^ T^>f ©''*IS "^^ ^ ^Tio 21-y ^ ji^ < 'i=2y ffff T- Tlf^T ^s, i£r ^T T? -T^ &T H S^T^ -l< ■"TT -It < ^-m Edge. LETTERS FROM YAPAKHI. 101 No. 49. (BU. 88-10-13, 45.) Reverse. 25 ih- ^T ^U ^^ Hhll BVr ^ >2f^ t^is: yH« ^T r? ;^ >:ffff t^S TH« J=ig PC .y ^^-ii,*y^ 102 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 50. (BU. 88-10-13, 22; 4|in. by 3|in.) Obverse. 10 15 20 25 30 :T? ->f TH«* ^T? T» ET^ ar tir^ 1^ -TM v . /v ie^ Jl^> ^ /l^ fif^^-rtO-- "'/ ^<^ i^l4, ^f .ii'y 10 /" iJ tu ^T* ,._^ y?£T T£T .4 THocfT -TM H4 TT «0 +11 ^n ^ ^ t] iM fw:* ';:^* i^T < T? >7^ H £^* .4*(?) -+ .4 ■7^ '^TT j=^ ay^T ^T{ < .^ ST^T -^^T^ t^TT ^ -^T ^Ti ^r? T?£T ^ ^U ^ -TT« JT K 15 -' Edge. . u ^.^n^noM) ty* EETEHgE. - ' /t^A/) 20 ^/*^ '* / - - vt^ 25 t.d iv <-<- i:^ Sit Jot »t*^ 30 ,^, /iu.y«*«^ "^V ^ LETTERS FROM YAPAKHI. 103 No. 51. (BU. 88-10-13, 16; 3 in. by 2iin. ; see plate 5.) Obvekse. 10 15 20 ■+ T^ ^^T? ->f ^ Sty? ^ ^T ►.^ ^«. ^J=!? T?£T ^^y? ^ -/^ y?^IT -.^ ^Xk 3=Tr ->f T^ ^tn| by! -TM H4 TT «^ T^ ^i^T i^ ^ -^ >^ H4 TT 5^«^ V T?^T n «^ m -w^ >fil 3^T? "^4 TET ^ m-^ J^^TI -g^T -T-gT "i^T ^T ^j ] H -.^ >fi^ Stn -£T -^IT ^tT ■ ■'" ' Sa. ^ >fil 3=11? /W' /«4* - ^'"^ =1^ T^ j=i m z-^-^"^- ^7^'-' . /«t»^ ^T? y^'T^H J!7ta ■^'^ ►.^ ^Xl I ^T? ->f 4 J=^TT ^-B -f .ftfr JO)/'aJ rCiiiia f» ?' ' ^' .^ ^^.4 ?? ; i^ -^^ ^11 ^-V, T?.^T i-4 T^ ir^-m^* -M'=* T£T Eeverse. 20 Jr -+ * 4* H4*(?) >-^ ^TJ -^ nvt t/( /I'K 7^ I. 20 /,v?«. 4^. ^ ^"^ ^ ■ A .;i5^ 1 Here the scribe began to write ^ Jjy *%^i- , biit erased it ; the traces of the first character are visible, f^ii. LETTERS FROM WIDYA. 107 No. 54. (BU. 88-10-13, 75; 3iin. by 2f in. ; see plate 21.) Obverse. ii' (I It A At if / '^ 10 15 ^^.TjA J a/iAi 0-t^t * JftthM ,/^« T?^TT ►^^ -TM >fU ^T? H^ j=f ;f^ <-- fcinT -M H4f TT «^ T^ "^-lls -4^ /^ 2 ^^^ ^-^ -^S ??^ -l< V T^ ^t! ;^ T^ ,^^ T^ ^ y^ 't:yi^ y.«< | / ^ (9 iiii-mn''' Kk-^ ^ liettiif t^^ ^iF-ff" *\ -:£T* -IT T? 4- ^ ^T -^ Cl^i^KJlM^ -**^ Reverse. T? 4- ^T -^^ +U ::T? •,e<^ V 2 108 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 55. (BU. 88-10-13, 2; 3| in. by Sin.) Obverse. . [r a a^Z/tv 10 15 r?.4y(?) -^^ Hfii^rr -+ t^* ^y?l *- "^^ \\ Ml' -Hf- * 4 ^^yr ^ ^]^w -^^m-*<' .0' U)-i J Ti ..^ * ry «^ y^ -^^ * ^\\* %^\\ ->f y^ * ^y? «- ^ "i- "^ -Hh ^ * 3ty? * t , "^ ^* gy I £- ^^ ^|[ . 20 , .^ --^* -yygy-^4i^r "sy St ..^* ??(?) f 4 H4 J^TI «gT -+ r:s T- >^^T 3M km! -TKT H-^ TT «^ T^ 2T^r *,/>^ >,■ /" ^^V."'*^, ■ c t c^ ii". io< T?.4 TT «^ T«* -.^ ^XL StT? ti-m ^ ''^TT^ \< A ^^;^ 5^ ^^T ^T gT ^ "^TT^ ^^ -^E^T T^* B^Tr^^'^"' 'I?'' mux. f^v/^ c^ ■r^'-t— T;1 3:T? ^^ lo w.^-m« i^M-,U- T -TTr T? ^4 ^ ^ 5if= t|? H4f ^T? >;«;. /i" s^]f * tyy* ^^y ^y ^>f ^ ^^.^ ->f ^^ y- is .y/^, ■'^'" -^ ^--^ -'- - • ^ f ^ H^*£f r:^; T- | J^,^. - ,//, ' - i et/yt\J, (Reverse blank.) no TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. '. 4^U/:ii- C^^Ci/ ^(^, No. 57. • (BU. 88-10-13, 67; ^\\sv. by 3iiri.) Obverse, 10 15 :^ I Mr TtT , ml P fjt-^tH, y^^y ^ y^ -^^ *?«. 3^!? nj(^^^ H^ >s:^y y? .^* v,0 T£T *^"T isry '^- - - -- --*- -^ H^ iiy ^^y -i< ►v^ -rVi ^tn ^y-gy -l< ^|y ^^y? ' ^T -l< 4£y ^ty? -^ £T T? ^y ^ ^ -^y ^ «gy. i:^yy "m Ht i.(rrrv l^ ^^^ 3:yi 15 s'^"-'" , ^ ^ ^ ^ :-i LETTER FROM YABITIRI. Ill 20 25 No. 57. (BU. 88-10-13, 57.) Eeverse. Ml* -xl^ -^ ^ ^l< ^ Ti^f r "-^ STT %^ V, -k •STT Sty? ^- ^Tl^TT?£TTET^T^f * (?) £T (?)i ^ ^^u.^ u/%^^^, n^ ^T* -l<*(?) JT*(?) -V^^C?) T?*,BT* (?) y^T (?)|| Edge. ^. .^^C. «.,.^ > 112 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 58. (BU, 88-10-13, 64; 2iin. by 2in. ; see plate 15.) Obverse. <^1 1 10 ^/^n/'J^^y^- HJ^ '^ ;rT 4-TTT -^T^ %\^ ^^ a ^J^ Reverse. [Traces of impressions from a Babylonian cylinder- seal are here visible.] /)_ it 1 This line is written over an erasure LETTER FROM WYASHDATA. 113 No. 59. (BU. 88-10-13, 29; 2| in. hj 2^m.) Obverse. 10 Vi^v ►=^ -TTf ^, -r.Z. . U^ 7*^^ t ««■. etTK^ 255; ^*(?) T^ ^TT -TT4 ^4^ Eeteese. 15 20 H-^ -^- ^ ^ -^^ f;i* gy]f T]f£T >yT ^^m U', " ^ ^^-^^^ Ei)GE. 9^ af^ A" ^^^ '^^ m^T -M- .MT T- tT* r^ ^ ;n -ST J^T ! # -g- - ^^T £T LETTER FROM BAYAWI. 115 No. 60. (BU. 88-10-13, 34; 2|in. by 2f in. ; see plate 7.) Obvkese. ^^«. i oAA* Cxi< to 10 V,^} -^^ -TM >rll ST? -+ ^ Sir -Hh TH« sn =M^T T- H Sn 4- ^^ /My' f / Si-( i0c^ /{u. mi T?^T «^ TH« -.^ -TTf ^ ST? -4- Th« ST? "r^* T^T 4 T^T ^ T ST? ->f Q< H 13=*(?) ST? T? -7^ 3:^T -+ >H- -gT Edge. /^ Kevekse. 15 -T ^%^ H IIr«- ^rr ^£T "^^T ET ^MHT'-^T t^T n ^- >^^T 4«( ;'^t/v^ ^ ^•^' " 3TtT^ i-iyv"}-^ n^T «^ T*-«< ^ '^ iHi/^i:' >=Hh ■7^ H ' ^I^T -U im ' ^r? T? :^T '^TT^ -^ST T- ETT *"/ /(Vft'' h4 .^^t Mt^ 1 Written over an erasure. LETTER FROM LABAWI. 117 No. 61. (BU. 88-10-13, 74 ; see plate 21.) Eeterse. 20 25 30 XIK V JSKSJJi. / -i< -m ^ m H'-l< -T ^- -ptT -g- ,ST H "^TT^ i-i '^TT^ --S ^TT ^ -gtT^ ^T' "STT T- 'T? ^ E ^y y^ igy « ff- Eeyekse. )« 20 25 30 :r-r* s.y.-T "^y^r ]©^ •SUT H!=T ^s^ ->f <:*T ^ -j^ H'^T -Mfc ^- ^< f ^ ^. jrcyy ^^y M^^TM 3W_ __taL* T?.Ey --g ^ 30 Edge. H4 JT =T4 4!?= 3M* LETIBR FROM SHIBTI-ADOA. 121 No. 65. (BU. 88-10-13, 36; 2f in. by 2lin.) Obverse. 10 (/Av 11 -TT^'- Reverse. 15 20 ? f^Ci CK' -^ (T'-' Ct TfA-i^y^ rj jf^r :h£T? h4 -4 n ^^^ <^t'* , , . T 'B^V< -+ SL< H A^T 4£r ^^T< ^''^^"^^ ^" "^ H4 -^T 4- ^^T <- -^^ f ^U<^f> ft^t^ •*'" Ee VERSE. 15 ^H s? ^T m -^T ^ T^ n -g- m ^ - S^ 4 *^* T^ T T^T ^^ ^T ^ T? ^< >7^ ^ T^^T T -^^ -TTgT T^.^ -TT-ST '^'^ H -T^T^ -l< -l< PUT H*^T*^^HfT^^ -TH t;i ^n ->f T^ ^ f «^ ^v, ^T^THT ^T «F -ST ^4^T -?T ^ET H ?i^T ^ "^TT^ -l< Reverse. 15 ST i-\ Bn ST ST- -ST ii^ ^.^T 4-TT >^ 1^ ^T? -tT^ > TT-^ ^|5 ^,r^ f^ s- V JT V ^KT T? ->f J:^ »^ 7^ 7 I? 4- -^ET ST^ t^TT «= >f' ^'^'^ £:^ir -^T -+ ^ T- n^T ^^T? + *:^YT*- ^n* "^lEi Bdgis. Reverse.' 1 On plate 5 the tablet is photographed upside down to show the ends of lines 4, 6-8, 11-12 of the Obverse. 126 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 70. (BU. 88-10-13, 25; 2ifin, by 2|m.) Obverse. 10 15 20 25 W^ Ml ??^' ■ET -?- -^T n F ^ '5=T -T :T?- :t -g^T4 -m ^1 H^n n^n -^^ T -H ^ -TM -^>->- -ai >*^ J^ :E>'£y -£T -sis "ET -?- -£T T? T- Reverse. \M^,^^>^ y?^y ^^ A -T TT H 4? ^ 4;: y?f y -f- ^ H^ y- h s> "^y— >. T III tT TtT CO tH J^^yjv^ iTft' /•!?< TIf T T -^^ Tl^ 35:T? ->f T4^ Sty? '!=MH*T -^ ^ M >^ * (?) '>^T 3M ^'^^^"^ ^^ T?^T ^ T4^ (?) -^^ T^* :Etn -HF- !^ '^V, ^ -V' ' ^""^ ^'* '^^ ^i/V^ -Hf- -^3^TI*'«?f 5 .v,.^.-^ 7 ^^ /A 3T-^ ►^^ T^ 3tT? ^1-^ »;:^TT ^- ay '* >..Ai-. .r <■ a (fit ->'i .yjt' x, 1 1^ '^ J: /fX, T?£T >^T JT • -©[ *m V< -T 3* ►s^* r^ ^£|? I?£T 3;-T? ^l 15 «^ ^ ^vu" f-e^A t:. fit fK^t ttJ" S CL> y TK?) i^r tuT v^ ii. Li A /3c ( »t «/e Reverse. 20 25 30 ca .'/.is IKf 2U ^^T 3^T "^n S^T? ^- 20 IsftT << \ JT -T^ ►<< ►^^ TflL £!:T? T ;^ ^t 3^1? ^- t^* -^T -^ .._ ^ T ^ :hj: :h!:t? 30 /^ ^;^ ', /\-l, . , i^A» i tot^ iiy -IT EKT -^^ r;i :Htn Edge. (A. -2^ - Ceo ci^ /,, W/, !l /^i /(-^ .^C -A 'X 128 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 72. (BU. 88-10-13, 9; 3|m. hj 2^m.) ca/ inA-n*!^ "'" "^Z ,'-U. H4 >^' S^H ^ gr >^^ H* JT j^T "5=M -^y .^ sytT s=CT f ^^T oLa, ^/?-^^ 25 <- - .^''« - '"^ V 30 a^^ ^^'^^ ''^ T HT ;^U "^TT^ '-ST T ^IT -ST it^ <^ ^-T ST ^^K- ^T ^ <-^'mT H^ T£T T- -iJi,^/,^:;^^ ^Vr \c^po^ -^ ^ H'l^ ^^":'^-^^'^' -^y <-t^ A ^^ 2T-T ^ ^^T ^T* ^T? ^T? 1 -TT^ i--^ ST T ^TT ^U ^TT^ 40 /^ V - \ C /it OiyylJ'l-iA T -ST -^rT Tl ^T?'??^ TU ^T? 45 .1 ^-ifl^' ,/A.*- IV^ ' Edge. CX- i^C- i t\yW k(^ 130 TELL EL-AMABNA TABLETS. VhA/ Ks^a^ No. 73. (BU. 88-J0--13, 33; 2|in. by 2in.) Obverse. 1^ 10 %% 111 Si mmiimi era o" V .^^r n ^ H ^t £T -+ ^Ti "^ ■ ^..,^ <„o..- s^r ^ tiT ^< T-^ h4 er^T i :Et*(?)^f*(?)>P(?)^f*(?)'^ST'tyr4^*v ^,^^1 M ^n 4£T r^ :HtT? hvr^^. J=^TT ^ST -T ^< m ^ H4 >«-- 4 1^ ^^ f^i^'" ■;2«r<^-'^ S^^T SM -p^T T tcT .^^ ]^< T?^T -^11 -TT -iT liny -^ 20 ^^^ j^.^ rCut, eiy g^ y-<<^ * (?) 3:^? ^ -+ ^ ^^y ^t^ ^ ^ Hr-JH/ hiV *V^ s 2 132 TELL BL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 75. (BU. 88-10-13, 66; 2|in. by 2iin. ; see plate 16.) 10 Obverse. 4^ ^TT ^T OT -^ 10 Edge. / ; :^ '^^ li^ (Keverse blank.) LKTTER FROM ZIDIU ARA. 133 No. 76. (BU. 88-10-13, 23; 2| in. by 2|in. ; see plate 6.) Obveese. ]m T -.^ ^ijL mv ->f «T ^ir ^^^ ""^ ^H 10 )ilft^»,> Ci- i T --^^T I£T -TT-m ^T S^T H^T -4^1 s^ -gT -4ty H -gST H ^^ ^^y i^y -l<*(?)<^m^ ,^r7«^w>(/^^^' y* ^.^ -yyf ^y? ->f H, gy? lo ??^ ^y^ -^s i ay i^y -.^ -yy^et^a/i 15 «/*^ /■<'«' ^^i^^^^PSilM?!^^^^^ Edge. Revekse. 20 hAJ^'^^ y?.4 -.^ -yy-:eT "^T T^ ^T? T?fT ^ ^ «? T^ HT^ T ^.^ -HI S ^/ /*l^ ^Vj-vK^r 1%/v^ ;r? All ^, h r^ 1/V«.'a '■'-^« 15 <-c- Ctrl ; \ *t ^*- y? 4if. y? ty^y ^y ^|y y^ ^ r!' t (V r^i- fe /c CO 136 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. No. 79. (BIT. 88-10-13, 30; 2|in. by 2-i%in. ; see plate 6.) Obverse. MM^ 1^ > 10 YYY TyT I" XL y » Y M T >W- •^^ I ,. '^ /• ^ f. fU 4^ <>ffl=- -TY -It V, 4- ^ '«t ^'•' '«a: /•'n 10 Edge. t'^^V / « ""^ oq r 15 Ebveese. V, 4- -^^T ' ^- ^T iii ^ '^^ 15 Edge. .fjj^/ SM/i^ Eeverse. 20 25 -II -n ^£>S T .^* T4^ % 5 ^g: -m 4- H^ •^M ►^^ >-< -^^T-^ ^#> ■in n ?? JT ^\^^ : ET^ 4-* ^ *(?) JT 3:£T •*.*. A >r7^* -;i ^tyr -< ^^T^ ^ f T4^ ^f ^ T?£T :e^t ? y;i :Ety? -+ y^ ^^y? y«/^ U^ •^-'^ ■,. -+ 4 3:y? y?^y styif f ^ds-ra-tum); [28,36;] cf B. 50, obv. 19; 184, 30 (y Abd-ds-ra-tum); [17, 10;] B. 58, 29. [38?.] 51 (y Abd-ds-ra-ti); cf also B. 50, obv. 18 (y Abd-'~y^ ds-ra-ti) and B. 58, 103. [116?]; 71, 56. 68 (Abd-ds-ra-ti); 23, 23 (^ Abd-ds-ra-ta) ; —cf also (?) 33, 3 1 (y Abd^^ -yy-£:|y ^'^'--hi-si-ma). Abitu (?): 43, 34. (\^ ^-Ji-iw) ; 43, 42 (\^ A-hi- ). Yabitiri, governor (?) of Joppa and Gaza: 57, 4t (f Ya-bi-ti-ri). U(?)garit, country, or city, in Phoenicia (?) : 1, 39 ('^ I^-ga-ri-it) ; 30, 55 (^^Jf tf-ga-ri-it <^); cf. also B. 128, 9 (-Jiff d'-ga-ri-ti) and B. 76, 6 KIT -Hh Adda-mi-hir); cf. also B. 168, 3t ([I?] -Hr Adda-mi-Thi-ir) and B. 143, 17 (f ^-ac^-c^w-m-^^). Udumu, city in the country of Idumaea {cf. D'l4;i, ^Oj] , 'ISovfiaia, Eg. (] ^ c:^ ^ J^ ) : 64, 24 (-^ff U-du-mu). Iddin-Adda (?) : 20, 37 (J ^? -4- ^-fl). Aduri, city in the country of Idumaea {cf. "1W) : 64, 24 {^^'\ A-du-ri). Azzati, Gaza {'n^ LXX. rd\;a, ijill' Eg. ^ ^ | ^ ] |j J^) : 57, 32 (-tyy Az-za-ti). Aziru, son of Abd-Asirta {cf -|!)ti;. ->p. liU) : 13, 7; 18, 20; 19, 20. 24; [34, 8;] 45, 13. 35. 39; 66, 5L [62]; cf B. 34, 2t; 35, 2t; 37, 2 1; 38, 2.t 38 ; 41, 26 ; [45, 47 ?;] 76, 9; [83, 8 ;] 91, 10. 21 QA-zi-ru) ; cf also B. 58, 23. 35 {^A-zi-ru); 13, 16. 69; 19, 37; 29, 68; 35, 2t; cf B. 31, 2t; 34a, 4 1; 39, 11. 27. 35; 40, 2t; 45, 39; 58, 46. 60. 71. 94. 106. 110. 114; 91, 9; 128, 7 (y A-zi-H); 28, 35. 40. 58. 70; 30, 61. 67; 36, 24. 27. 39 ; 41, 21. 27. 32. 34. 35 (y A-zi-ra) ; 43, 28 ; cf B. 36, 3 1; 69, 15 ; 71, 21 (?) (y A-zi- ) ;— c/. also (?) B. 45, 33 (y A-za-ru). A'itu(.P)gama : 37, 28. 37. 60 (y A-i-tu(?)-ga-ma). Akka, Accho (15^, "Akti, \|i, Phoen. ^)}, q^L, Eg. ;^ \ t^ ): [17, 46 ;] cf B. 94, 5; 95, 3. [16?] 29 (-^yy Ak-ka <^) ; cf also B. 8, 19; 93,4 ("tfi Ak-ka) ; B. 8, 38 {Ak-ka-ai-ti); and B. 68, 8 (-J:yy Ak- ). Akiya : 58, 3 (y A-ki-ya). Yaki-Adda: 41, 15. 18 (Ya-ki^^Adda). Akizzi, governor of the city of Qatna: 36, 2t; [37, 2t]; cf B. 229, 2t (y A-ki-iz-zi). Ilutu(?): 82, 22 (->f I-lu-tu). Ili-milku {cf 'nh'Ci'h^) : 30, 45 (y IH-milki); cf (?) B. 102, 36 (y I-li-mil-ku). LIST OF PROPEE NAMES. 145 Alasiya, Alasiya (cf. Eg. I\^^^ J^): 5,2 t [30?] ; 6, 1 1; cf. B. 12, 3 1; [13, 3 ;t] 15, 2 t (sarru ^ A-la-si-ya) ; 7, 2 ^{sarru X- A-la-si-ya) ; 13, 52 {'^^ A-la-si-ya); 13, 59 (^-/a-i-i-a [-a ?] ) ; 5,33; [6, 39?] {A-la-si-ya); cf. alsoB. 11, 2t (sarri(ri) ^ A-la-si-ya). Am (P), Amma, Ammiya: 46, 4 ; cf. B. 143, 16; 160, 9; 163, 8 (l'^ Am <^) ; 17, 7 (-tiy ^m-ma); 37, 58 (\^ Am-ma); 12, 25; 15, 27 ; [o/. B. 89, 13] (-tyy Am-mi-ya); 45, 14; c/. B. 91, 11 (^"^ Am-^ir-ya). Um(?)ma : 82, 25 (->f- Um{?)-ma). Ambi: 23, 20; cf. B. 60, 11. 40; 72, 31; 74, 19 (--yj Am-bi); of also B. 128, 12. 16 (--yy Am-bi <|gf). Amami, Amen (cf Eg. () ^'^ ): 1, 46 ; 8, 15. 24. 76 (-Hf- A-ma-nu-um) ; 22, 5 (»->|f- ^-?na-na) ; 21, 3 {'-'^ A-nia-an ). Aman-masasanu (?) : 13, 51 (y A-ma-an-ma-sd-sd-nu ?). Amanappa {cf Eg. \ ^ (j □): 12, 51; 15, 1 J; c/. B. 75, 9 (y A--ma-an-ap-pa); [21, l?t; 22, It'fq'A-tna.an-ab-U). AmmTinira, governor (?) of Beyrut {cf Eg. \\ '^^^ ^^ J) ) : 16, 29 (y Am- mu-ni-ra); 26, 3 1 ; [27, 2 1] {Am-mu-ni-ra). Immuriya : see Mimmuriya. Amumi(?), country of the Amorites(?, cf "'"ibN, Eg. (| ^ ^^•=t>jXi) 21, 8 {tA-mw-ri); 13, 14; 15, 11. 15; 27, 24; 44, 5. 21. 29. 35; cf B. 45, 63; 48, 69; 92, rev. 32 ; 97, 8. [15 ?] ; 146, 16 ; 184, 39 (\^ A-mur-ri) ; cf also B. 69, 17 {t- A-mur-rc^; B. 77, 10 {'^^ A-mur-ra-a) ; B. 92, obv. 1 X (g^ .^tyy A-mu-ur-ra) ; B. 171, 9 (\^ y«x- A-mu-ri) ; B. 56, 38 (•^"^ A-mur- ) ; and (?) B. 34, 14 (\^ A-mur-ra (?) ). luni, a wife of Tusratta : 11, 52. 54 (^ I-u-ni). A(?)nu'amma [cf (?) Eg. (10 i'^-^ ;:r^ 1^=^:^ ) : 43, 8 {'-t]] ^'^-nu-amrma); 43, 2 (^-yy A{?)- ). Yanhamu, envoy of Amenophis IV. : 62, 11 ; cf B. 48, 23 ; 52, rev. 4; 61, 73 ; 101, obv. 13. rev. 12 ; 184, 22; 185, [5.] 7. 11. 13. [22] (y Ya-an-ha-^u); 14, 31. 39 ; cf B. 48, 48 ; 51, obv. [15.] 35 ; 128, IJ (y Ya-an-ha-^ni) ; 25, 19 ; 64, 1 1; cf B. 45, 61 (y Ya-an-ha-nd); 14, 40 (y Ya-ha-mi) ; [24, 48] ; 57, 24; 60, 10; 65, 14; cf B. 43, 36. 37; [110, 25] (y Ya-an-ha-ma) ; 18,26; 21, 15 (y Ya-an-ha- ) -—cf also B. 102, 28 (Q?] 1-m-ha-mu); andB. 105, rev. 11 (y ^y--{n-ha-mu). Inisa (?) : 77, 12 (-J:yy 1-ni-sd-si (?)- ). u 146 TELL EL-AMARNA TABLETS. Yapu, Joppa QQI, UU, -^o^ lao^' 'Iottttt;, -Eg- !)(] ° J^ ) = 57, 33; 71, 20 (--yy Ya^u); cf. B. 58, 6 (--flf Fa-a-pw) ; and B. 58, 86 (\^ ]»*■ Ya-pu). Yapa-Adda, probably of Alasiya : 13, 16. 59. 69 ; 14, 26 ; cf. B. 44, rev. 28 ; [45, 65] ; 48, [29.] 42 ; 51, obv. 30. edge 3 ; 61, [26.] 52 ; 63, 31. 34. 44; 77, 19 ; 128, 2 1 (T Ya-pa- ->f ^-jy) ; cf. also (?) B. 88, fragment 3 (y Ya-ap- ^^^^^ . Yapahi, governor (?) of Gezer : 49, 3t; 50, 4t; 51, 3 f (y Ya-^a-lii). Arwada, Arvad (TT!^, joil JCOjoil, ''^C\, 'Opdcoa-ia, Ruwdd, Eg. (] '^^^ Ti.'li'^-V^J^l^ ^^' ^^' ^^' ^^- ^^' «/■ B. 51, obv. 12. 18. [edge 5; 79,30?]. (-tyy Ar - ^l^- - da) ; and(?) [B. 162, 15] (-£:yy A-ra-da). Urza(?) : 56, 3; of B. 153, 4 (-E:yy ^^'--ur-za ^). Arzawya, Arza'(u)ya (?) : 37, 36. 56 (y Ar-za-u-ya) ; 43, 26. 33 ; cf B. 125, 2 1; [126, 4 1] (y ^^-^a-^y- ^y-) ; cf also B. [155, .2 1?;] 158, 27 (y Ar-za- ^y-) ; and 105, obv. 7 (^r-^a-^y-). Yarimuta (c/. nin"l% iTiDT): 12, 16; 13, 55; 19, 17; cf. B. 57, rev. 1; 61, 74; 79, 13; [89, 40?;] (\^ Ya-n-mu-ta) ; cf also B. 80, 27 (\^ Ya-. ri-im-mu-ta). Irqata, city, or country, in Syria {cf Eg. Q ^ tt "^^ ) = 42, 2 f. 3. 8, 10. 15. 18. [23] ; cf B. 77, 12. 36 ; 79, 26 (--yy Ir-qa-ta) ; cf also B. 91, 10 (\^ Ir-qa-ta) ; and (?) B. 158, 22 (--yy Ir-qat (?)- ). Araru : 64, 25 (-J:yy A-ra-ru). Iriskigal, heroine of a mytbological legend : 82, 2 (f-ri-is-M-i-ga-a-al) ; 82, 7 {Jt(?)-ri(?)-is(?)-ki-i-ga-al); 82, 29 {1-ri-is-U-i-gal) ; cf B. 234, rev. 1; 239, a, 4. 6 (I-ri-is-ki-gal). Artassumara : 9, 19 (y Ar-ta-ds-sii-ma-ra). Wisuya(?): 64, 18 (y ^y^ M-^«)- Usbarra(?) : 7, 25 (y Us-bar-ra) ; cf (?) B. 158, 15 (] Us- ). Wyasdata (?), cf (?) Pers. -yg <£:< y<- y--y yy fyy fcy^y : 59, 3t; 72, 12. 15 (y ^"{"-ds-da-ta). Iskuru (?) : 14, 53 ; cf B. 48, 85 (y ^fj-ku-,'u). Assurayu, Assyrian : 2, 31 {As-sur-ra-ai-u) ; cf. B. 9, 3 (-^ '~>^ t-f^=Ass'ur ?). Istar {cf Eg. ^1) ^ g ^) : 8, 24. 83 (?); 10, 13. 19 (?). 26, 31 (-+ -^^f). Astarti: 64, 21 (.-^yy As-tar-ti) ; 43, 10 (-J:yy As-tar-U). Itagamapa'iri, of the city of Qidsi : 30, 59 (y l-ta-ga-ma-pa-^\^-^'i). LIST OF PROPER NAMES. 147 Itakkama : 43, 31 Q I-ta-^]-ha-ma) ; cf. B. 91, 25 (f I-ta-ha-ma) ; 142, obv. 2 t (y t-tak-ka-ma) ; rev. 20 (1-tak-ka-ma). Itillfina (?) : 7, 23 (| f-x-lu-na). n Blya: 71, 16. 24. 30 (f ^w-^/a). Bayawi(?) : 60, 3t; cf. B. 195, 3t (IH-y*-^'-)- B(?)uz(?)runa: 43, 13; c/. B. 205, 12 (-tfy ^M-w^-ris-na). Bihura (?) : see Pi^ura. Bihisi (?) : 64, 8. 13. 34 (--Jf Bi-M-si). Bil-ra (?)m (?) : 7, 26 (f B{ - {l^ra{?)-am- ). Biltu(?) (cf. Brj\Tc<:) : 14, 54 (-Hf- ^ET). Binna : 82, 22 {"-^ Bi-4-in-na). Binininia (?) : 64, 15 (f Bi-in-i-ni-^ma- ). Bi'ri, Biri, of the city of Hasabu: 24, 18 (f Bi-^y-ri) ; cf. B. 160, 3t (T Bi- i-^i) ; and B. 45, 61 (y Bi-ri). Burra-buriyas, king of Kara-Duniyas : 2, 3 f; 3, 2 t; c/. B. 4, 3 f; [7, 2 1;] 8. 3 1 {Bur-ra-bu-ri-ya-ds) ; cf. also B, 188, obv. 7 (y 'Bur-ra-bur-ya-ds) ; B, . 6, 2 t ( -j-a-bu-ri-ya-ds) ; and B. 28, Col. I, 2 j ( -bu-^a- ri-ya-ds). Biridiwi(?), of Megiddo: 59, 19; cf B. HI, obv. 3t; [113, 3 t;] 114, 3t; 115, 3 1 (y Bi-ri-di-^]^). BiridaSwi (?) : 43, 7. 15. 33f. (y Bi-ri-da-ds-^]-). Binina, Beymt : 17, 16 ; 22, 20 ; cf. B. 53, 14; 55, 20 ; 65, 3 (•^tft B{-ru--na) ; cf B. 75, 25 (-^yy Blrrv^na <^) ; and B. 86, obv. 19 (-^yy <^ Bi-rvr^a). Birapari (?) : 82, 24 (^>f Bi-i-ra-pa-ri). Biruta, Beyrut (cf. B'^pvros, JDa^tOl^s, 2o;jlQ, ej^' Eg. J "i^ """^^^^ Ij 1] 1 ) : 13,13; 44, 25; cf B. 54, 20. 23 (--yy B{-ru-tay~cf also 26, 4 (-Sf ^y?) ; 27, 12 (^tyy m 1& ^y?) ; B. 58, 77 (^tyy y? gj y»>) ; 58, 11 [21. 52] (^-yy y? a m y-il); 58, 92 (^-yy y? ^ y? ^y^ <-) ; 58, 96. 135 (-tyy y? ^). Bitili (?, c/. ':)Nim) : 35, 20 ; cf B. 143, 3 1 28 (y :^-ii--pf ). Bit-NiN.iB.: 12, 31 (^yyyy^^yHJ) ; q/- b. loe, i6 (-tyy &yyyy -+ ^ey HI). Gubbu : see Gubla. U 2 148 TELL EL-AMAENA TABLETS. Gubla, Bybloe {h^, Bi^o,, j^, A£l^, Eg. "^^'^i)^^^' ^- ^• 12. 32. 48; 13, 3 ; 14, 3 ; 15, 4; 16, 8; 17, 19. 22. [31.] 43. 44; 18, 4. 9. 23; 19, 5; 20, 5. 12; [21,26;] 22, 6; 23, 5; 25, 6; 27, 15. 20; c/. B. 41, 4; 42, 4; 43, 4; 44, obv. 4; [45, 3;] 46, 5; 47, [1?.] 4; 48, 4. 37. 53. [85]; 49, obv. 3; 50, obv. 5; 51, obv. 3; 52, obv. 2; 56, 13. 20. 35; 58, 123; 59, obv. 4; 60, 51; 61, [4.] 48. 66; 62, [3.] 9. 13. [33]; 65, 2. 11; 66, 4; [67, obv. 4;] 70, 4; 71, 31; 73, 20. 22. 36. 37; 74, 4; 75, 4. 24; 77, 17; 79, 8; 80, 10. 26; 81, 9; 83, 6; 84, 16; 89, 9; 91, 2. 6. 16; 184, 19. 24 (:>-yy Guh-la); 24, 3; 41, 73 (--ff (?m5-Zi); 24, 12. 44 (-^ff <|gf G^M5-Za); 45, 33 (--ff Gub-la-a) ; 45, 8. 9. 21 (--ff G^w-Za) ; 24, 7 (--yf ^ £^y-Mj(?)4i); B. 87, 20 (--yy y»> ti'i-ub{?)-li); and B. 41, 28 (--yy Gub-ba-^ ). Gagaya (?) : 1, 38 (\'^ Gor-ga-ya). Gidsi: see Qidsi. Gizza: 43, 32 (\^ GUz-za) ; 43, 27 (--yy Gi-iz- ). Gazri, Gezer ("Ija, >i^lU>^, Td^r,pa): 50, 5; cf. B. 106, 8 (-tyy Ga~az-r i^)-, cf. also B. 103, 14 (V [--y]y Gaz-ri <|gf) ; B. 112, 22 (--yy Gaz-ri); 49, 4 ; cf. B. 155, 21 (--yy Gaz-ri <(^) ; and B. 173, 42 (\^ Gaz{^yri). Gula (?) : 45, 3 1 (?, Gu-la- ). See also Gubla. Gulati: 71, 17 (^ Gu-la-ti) ; 71, 24 (Gu-la-ti). Giliya, envoy of Tusratta: 8, 25. 39. 71; 9,46; 11,19; cf. B. 22, obv, 18. 23; 23, rev. 1; 24, obv. 34. 39. 69; rev. [14. 15.?] 54"=- 57. 62. 63, 64. 66. 68. 74; 27, Gol. IV, 20. [21.] 36. 37 (y Gi-U-ya); cf also B. 27. Col. I, 91. 100; Col. II, 7; Col. IV, 26. 27 (y Gi-U4). Gilu-hipa (Eg. ^^^jI) sister of Tnsratta, wife of Amenophis III. : 9, 5. 41 (-^ Gi-lu-M-^a). Gurrumma (?) : 7, 24 ([y ?] Gur (J\-ru-um-ma). LIST OF PROPER NAMES. 149 Dagan-takala '< Dagon's trust " : [74, 3t;] cf. B. 129, 2t (J -+ Da-ga-an- ta-ka-ld) ; cf. also B. 129, 9. 13 (f Da-ga-an-ta-ka-la). DMu-hlpa : see Tdtu(m)-hipa. Dimasqa, Damascus (p©ST, Aa^aaKos, Vjj^j, »C0QCimSD| .£)QmSc>>> Eg. ^dj"^^): 43, 21 {"^Xl Di-mas-ga); 37, 63 (--yj 7Y-)wa-a«V)- Dunib : see Tunip. Danuna : 30, 52 (V" Da-nu-na). Dirid (?) : 82, 21 (-4- Di-ri-id). Da§a(?) : 37, 58 (J lJa{?)-sd); cf.{l) B. 173, 14 (If Ta-ds-sii). Dasni: 75, 3t; cf. B, 127, 3t (f Da-ds-ru). Dusratta: see Tusratta. T Zidri'ara(?): 76, 3t; cf. B. 140, 3t; 141, 2t (T Zi4d-ri-^]^-ra). Zijnrida, of Sidon; 14, 26; 28,49. 57. 68; 29, 66; 30, 11. 65; cf B. 77, 18; 104, 43 (y Zi-im-^i'da); cf. also B. 123, 5t (y Zi-im-ri-di) ; and B. 90, 4t (y Zi-im-ri-id'di). Zinzar : 37, 42 (-^ Zi-in-sa-ar). Zaqara(?): 1, 19 (y Za-qa^ra). Zurata : 72, 24. 31. 33. 42. 44; cf. B. [48, 21?;] 93, 3t; [145, 4t?l (y Zu-ra-ta). Zitadna, of Accho : 32, 51; (^ Zi-ta-ad-na); c/, B. 94, 4t; 95, 3-\ [] Za-ta-ad-na). n Ha : 80, 3t cf also (?) B. 45, 65; and B. 52, rev. 29 (y ->f- (?) ff<^ (?)- ). H£lya(?): 44, 2. 19 (y Ba-^f^-a); cf also(?) B. 144, 8. [15?] (y Ha-a-ya); B. 57, rev. 14. 20; f219; rev. 3?] (y Hayya); B. 6, 36. 37 (y Ha-ai); and B. 31, IX {} Ha-a-i). Habi, Ha'ib, governor of Sumuru: 28, 37 (y Ha-obi); 18, [37.] 39; cf B. 41,16; QQ,^ {] Ha-db). Hazura : see Hasura. Halunm : 43, 14 (t-^yy Ha-lu~un-ni). Hawini (?): 64, 28 (-tyy Ba-^f^-m). 150 TELL EL-AMAE.NA. TABLETS. Hanigalbl, Hanagalbi, Hanigalbat(u) : 1, 38 (t' ffa-ni-gal-M-i) ; cf. also B. 144, 10 "(-1^ ffcMiar-gal-M); B. 144, 20 (1^ Hor-nor-gdl-bi); B. 22, obv. 17; 24, obv. 49 (\^ Ha-ni-^dl-r^); and B. 9, 22. [26?] {Ha-ni-gdl-hor-tu-u). Han(n)i {cf. .jJlL): 35, 11. 17. 27. 31 (| Ha-an-d); cf. also B. 21, 25 (Iffor-niA); B. 92, rev. 11. 18 (| Hohxti^i); B. 92, rev. 29 (?, H(i-an-ni); and B. 117, 12; 176, 18. [21?] (f Ha^an-ya). Hini'anabi: 64, 26 (>-S:y| Hi-ni-a-na-bi). Hinatuna : 72, 32 ("tfl Hi-na-tu-^a <^); c/. B. 8, 17 (-£:yy <^ Hv-in-na^tu-ni). Hasura, Hasuri, Hazor (?, Tim joLm, i4o-a)|0. Eg. I "^ "^^^^ I , "^ I '^'^ I ): 48, 15. 23 (-£|y ZTa-^^-m <^) ; 48, 4; c/. B. 99, 41 (-j:|y Ha-zu-ra); 47, 3 [. 21 ?] (-^fT Ha-zu-ri <^). Hatib : 35, 38. 43. 46; c/. B. 31, 12. 32; 33, 15. 26; 38, 4. 18. 26. 41 (jf Ha- ti-ib). Hatti, Hatta (r/. Eg. ®^ J^ ) : 35, 49; 36, [34.] 37. 51; 37, [9.] 13. 14. 16; cf B. 30, rev. 4; 31, 21; 32, 11. 20; 33, 18. 29, 38, 21. 24; 143, 14; [163, 11?;] 173, 39 (^ Ha-at-fi) ; 5, 49 (Ha-at-ti); .9, 31. 38; 30, 58 (\^ Ha-at-ti); 46, 7 (?); cf. B. 91, 31 f. ("V^ Ha-at-ta); cf also B. 159, obv. 17 (\^ Ha-at-ti <^); B. 29, obv. 8. rev. 2 (\^ HI Ha-at-ti); B. 76, 59; 86, obv.^4 (\^ y«>i- Ha-ti); B. 79, 34 {Ha-ti); B. 18, obv. 2 (?, M-ti f -^«-'*«(?)-y^(?)-[««]) ! 1' ^3 (^"^ Kdr(J)-''^{l)-du{^)- ); 4, 3 ( -\_du-nq-ya-ds); cf. also B. 164, 7 (-^ Ka-ra-du-ni-ds). Kara-indas, king of Kara-Duniyas : 3, 8 (Ka-ra-in-da-ds). Kitsi : see Qidsi. h Liba : 82, 25 (»4- Li-i-ba). Labay(a), Labawi (?), adversary of Abdi-taba(?) of Jerusalem: 72, 6. [25.] 44; c/. (?) [B. Ill, rev. 10] Q La-ab-a-ya); 61, 3t; cf. B. 100, 30; 105, obv. 6; 111, rev. 6; 115, 11. 17. 29. 38. 41; 154, 6. 14. [38.]; 169, 28 f.; 199, 9 (y La-ab-a-^]^); cf. also B. 100, 33; 103, 30; 112, 2t; 154, 11. 16. 26. 30. [35. 53] {La-ab-a-^\'-). Lapana : 37, [35.] 57 {"i^ La-pa-na). M(?)ayawi(?) : see Bayawi. Magidda, Megiddo ^, M6apa): 5, 1. 9. [28.] 31; 6, 2; [7, 1?]; 17, 33; 20, 18; 28, 69; 43, 25; 44, 18; 57, 26; cf B. 9, 20. [23]; 11, 1; 12, 1; [13, 1;] 15, 1; 30, obv. 2. 4; rev. 6; 39, 20. 22. 27. [32]; 42, 67; 45, 13. 49. 54; 47, 37; 51, obv. 21; edge 1; 52, rev. 12. 15; 57, obv. 20; 95, 31; [177,17?;] 183, 8; 184, 17; 218 ( = 225), obv. 6 (\^ MiAs-ri); 1, [52.] 68; 2, [1]; 8, 1; [9, 1;] 10, 1. 14; 11, 1. 2; 58, 4. 8. 10; cf B. [1, 1?;] 2, 1; [3, 6;] 6, 1; [7, 1?;] 8, 2; 21, 2; 22, obv. 9. 16. 17; rev. 14; 23, obv. [1.] 24; [24, rev. 80;] 26, Col. IV, 45. 47 (\^ MUs-ri-i); 2, 26 (Mi-is-ri-i) 1, 3 [.51]; [c/. B. 18, obv. 3] (Y" Mi- is-ri-i <|g); 37, 15; 41, 12; cf B. [102, 31;] 196, obv. 1; 197, 4; 199, 21 (\*- Mi-is-ri <^); 8, 19 (\^ Mi-is-ri-i-im-mi); 41, 1. 10. 30. 43 (1^ <(|g Mi-is-ri); 41, 18 (\^ <|g[ M-is-ri <(^); 3, 1 (^^ M- ); cf also B. 22, rev. 11. 18 (\^ Mi-is-ri-im); B. 9, 2; 10, 1 ("1^ Mi-is-sa-H) ; LIST OF PROPER NAMES. 153 B. 27, Col. I, 93 (\^ Mi-zi-h-ri); B. 27, Col. Ill, 105 (\^ Mi-iz-zi-ir-ri) ; B. 29, obv. 1 (V [HIT Mi-is-ri-\{\); B. 58, 68. 93 (\^ \>^ Mi4s-ri); and B. 71, 28 (1^ y«* Mi-is-ri-i). Miq(?)id: 82, 23 (-4- Mi-ki-id). Marduk : 64, 20 (->f C^^l). Muru(?)ha2i (?) : 50, 25 (-tfy Mu- -ha-zi); cf. (?) B. 173, 24 (--yy - ru-M-zi). Mistu (?, or Milimtu ?) : 64, 25 (-^yy Mi-^]]-tu). Mutabriq(?)a : 82, 20 («-Jf- Mu-ta-ab-ri-ga). Mut{u)-Adda : 64, 2t. 5 (y Mu-^f -4- ^^yy). Mitani, district in Mesopotamia (cf. Eg. V^^ , „ ''^ Ci£ia):8, 4; [9, 3?] (V Mi-i-it-ta-an-ni); 10, 4 {Mi-i-ta-an-ni); 21, 12; 44, 10; cf. B. 52, obv. 6; 53, 20; 61, 70; 74, 14 (-1^ Mi-ta-na); cf also B. 27, Col. Ill, 104 (\^ Mi-i-it-ta-a-an-ni); B. [24, rev. 77?;] 26, Col. IV, 44 (Mi-Ua-a-an-ni); B. 173, 37 (\^ Mi-it-ta-an-na); B. 79, 36 ("i^ M-4t- ta-ni); B. 21, 6 (\^ Mi-ta-an-^ii) ; B. 60, 21 (\^ Mi-ta-ni); B. 214, 5 (\^ Mi-ta-an); and B. 22, obv. 3; 25, Col. IV, 67 (\^ MU- ). Ni {of Eg. "7"(|(] J^): 37,U2 (\^ Ni-i); 41, 28 (^tyy Ni-i )za: 43, 17; cf B. 95, 27; 96, 4t; 142, obv. 6; rev. 2. 9: edge 2; [154, 24] (y Nam-ya-^]—za); 30, 62; c/. [B. 86, rev. 10](y^am- ya-^J'~-zi). Nammurya, Nimmuriya : see Mimmuriya. Namtara: 82, 7. 10 (Nam-ta-a-ra) ; 82, 27 (-Jf- (Nam-ta-ra). Nina, Nineveh (nW, Ntvos) : 10, 13 (-^yy Ni-i-na-a) ; cf also B. 27, Col. Ill, 98 (^S;yy Ni-i-nu-a). 154 TELL EL-AMARNA. TABLETS. Naphur(a)riya, Niphuririya, Amenophis IV. (Eg. f o J ^ | O ;^;^y^ j : U) 38. [42. 46.] 51; cf. B, 23, obv. 39 (f Na-ap-hur-ri-ya); 3, 1| (iVa (?)-ap (?)- hu{?)-ra^ri-j/a) ; 2, 1| (Ni-ip-hur-ur-ri-ri-ya) ; cf. also B. 24, obv. [61? 63? 65 ?] 67. 76 (y Nap-hu-u-ri-ya) ; B. 6, It (f Na-ap-hu-rvHri-a) ; B, 8, It (Na-ap-hit-'-ru-ri-t:^^) ; B. 10, It (J Na-ap-hu-ri-i- ) ; and B. 7 lt( -ru-ri-ya). Nirgal : 5, 13, 37; 82, 33, 37 (-+ <.^|y). D Sazu(?) : 28, 49; cf. B. 99, 11. 30 (-E:|f Sa-zu). Sarti(?): 14, 29 (-tfy Sa(?)-ar-t{(?) ). 3 Pa' : 18, 35 (I Pa-'- ). Pu-Adda, of the city of Urza: 55, Sf. 18; 56, 3t; cf. B. 153, of (f Pu- Puzruna : see Buzruna. Pahamnata : 24, 31 ; [cf. B. 80, 22] Q Pa-la-am-na-ta) ; cf. also (?) B. 97, 10. 32 (y Pa-ha-na-ti). P(P)ihura: 18, 44; 20, 13. 34 (y Bi-lu-ra); cf (?) B. 47, 31 {Pn-hu-ra); B. 103, 45 (y Pa-u-ru); B. 142, obv. 17 (y Pu-hu-ri); B. 142, obv. 18 (Pu-hu-ru) ; and B. 105, rev. 4 (y PvrU-ru). Pir(?)hi(P): 9, 12 (y ^]-hi). Sidana : 82, 23 (.-^f Si-i-da-na). Siduna, Sidon (pT^, Phoen. pj}, ttScov, Eg. °^ ^^^ '^ J^ ) : 13, 13 28, 57; 29, 67; [31, 58; 44, 24;] cf B. 48, 71; 54, 22; 99, 25; [162, 14] (-cyy Zi-du-na) ; 30, 11 ; cf B. 90, 5. 11 (-J:yy Zi-dur-na Xva, Kava): 36, 9 (--yy Qat-7ia <^) ; 36, [38] 43; 37, 64. 70 (-tyy Qat-na). Qannisat (?) : 2, 20 (Qa-an-ni-^). -) Ra (?) : 45, 2 t (-+ Ra- ). Ri'anapa (cf. Eg. "^^(]^°(]^): 56, 13; cf B. 122, 17 (y Ri-a-na-pa). Rib(?)-Adda, governor of Byblos: 12, It; [13, If;] 15, 2t (y Ri-ih-ad-da) ; 14, [It.] 40; [17, It]; 18, 2t; 19, 2t ; 20, It; 21, 2t; 23, 3t; 25, 3t; 27, 21; cf B. [41, It; 42, It;] 43, It- 14. 31; 44, obv. [It] 19 ; [rev. 5; 45, If;] 46, 4t; [47, It;] 48, [2t.] 24; [49, obv. It; 51, obv. It; X 2 156 TELL EL-AMAKNA TABLETS. 52, obv. It;] 53, Sf; [55, 2t; 57, obv. If;] 59, obv. [2t.] 24; 60, 3t 62, 2t. [6.18;] 63, 2t; [64a, If;] 72, 2t; [74, If; 75, If;] 77, 2t [79, l.t 17?; 81, 2t;] 82, If; [84, If; 85, 2t] (T Ri-ib-^'^ ^^f]) 16, 2t; 22, 3t; c/. B. 70, 2t {Ri4b-^^ ^-TT); «/• also B. [50, obv It; rev. 7;] 58, 67 (f Ri-ib-ad-di) ; B. 58, It; 73, 3t )Ri-ib-ad-di) ; B. 76, It (! Ri-ib4d-di) ; B. 71, It (| RiAb-ad- ) ; B. 80, It ( - ib-hcu-ad- ) ; and B. 86, obv. It ( -«]6 (?;-ad- ) . Rabisa : 82, 21 (>->^ Ra-a-bi-i-sa). Ruhiz(z)i: 37, 36 (^t:]] Ru-hi-iz-si); 37, 56 (-^yf Ru-U-zi). Ramman : 28, 7 ; 29, 14 (-+ A^l)- Rip- Adda : see Rib-Adda. Riqa, envoy of Kallimma(?)-Sin : 1, 18 (Ri-i-qa) ; 1, 96 (Ri-ka). Su'ardata: 67, 2t; 68, 3t; 69, 4t; cf. B. [100, 4t;] 101, obv. 3t; rev. 16; [107, 4t;] 110, 12; 190, 5t (I Sd-^]'~ar-da-ta); cf. also B. 106, 6. [26] (y Su-ar-da-tum). Sa'(?)sihasi (?) : 55, 17 (fSd-(?ysi-ha-si ). Subandi: 38, 4t; 39, 4t; [40, 3t;] of. B. 116, 4t; [117, 3t;] 120, 4t (J Su-ba- an-di); of. also (?) B. 219, obv. 2t (!^l-ba^hO)-di)- Sib(?)ti-Adda: 65, 3t (f Si-ib-ii-^^ ^-|y); cf. B. 200, 4t (Y S-i6-iP||-ff|l|) and also(?) B. 157, 3t (H Si-ib-tu-J . . .."?). Sigata: 12, 24; cf. B. 60, 12. 41; 72, 25 f. 30; 74, 18 (-tyy Si-ga-ta); cf. also B. 128, 11. 17 (--yy Si-ga-ii <|E|). Saddu (?) : 43, 29 (-S:yy Sd^ad-du). Salmayati (?) : 31, 15. [22.] 32. 40 (y Sal-ma-^]'~-a-ti) ; 31, 8 {Sal-ma-ya-a-ti); 31, 52 (y Sal^na-7/a-[a-ti ?]). Sum-Addu: 66, 3t (y Sum-ad-ldu?]); cf. B. 8, 18. 35 (y Su-umr I ): 5, 49 (Sd-aii-ha-ar). Sanku (?) : 42, 26 (\^ Sd-an-ku). Satiwi(?): 77, 3t (Sd-ti-^y). Sutti: 4, 19 (I Su-ut-ti); cf. (?) B. 104, [19.] 22 (f StUi-ta). n Ta' , city near Beyrut : 59, 14 (>-J:yy Ta-'- ); ej. (?) B. 58, 80 (-tyyi Ta-^^-ia .Qgf). Ti'uwatti (?) : 37, 35. 57 (y 7'i-w(?)-^y-(?)-a'-i]). Tunip, Eg. c>||> □ D:^^: 41, 5; c/. B. 31, 25 (--yy Du-ni-ip); 41, 2. 6. 10. 39 (-tyy Dur-ni-ip <(^); 35, 12. 34 (►tyy Tu-ni4p); cf. also B. [32, 23;] 33, 39. 41 (-tyy Tun-ni-ip). Tun(?)nipipri : 9, 47 (y Tun(?)-ni-ip-ip-ri). TissTib(?)-bili : 8, 15. 75 (-»f Tissub(?)-M-i-li) ; 9, 33 (->f Tissuh{l)-bi-li). Tusratta, king of Mitani, contemporary with Amenophis III. : 8, 3t (y 7m- us-rat-ta); 9, Sf (y Tu-is-i-rat-td); 10, 4t; [U, 2t;] cf B. 21, 5t; [22, obv. 3t; 23, obv. 2t;] 27, [CoL I, 3t;] Col. Ill, 103. 107; [Col. IV, 127] (y Du-us-rat-ta); cf. also B. 25, Col. IV, 67 ( -us-rat-ta); and B. 26, Col. IV, 44 (y Du-is-rat-ta). Tl,tu(m)-hipa, daughter of Tusratta, wife of Amenophis III. : 10, 7 ; 11, 4 (^ Ta-a-tum-M-pa) ; cf. also B. 23, obv. 20 {-^ Da-a-du-hi-i-pa); B. 23, rev. 55 (^ Ta-a-tumrM-i-pa); B. 24, obv. 3. 35 [>>*«]; 27, Col. Ill, 103; Col. IV, 89 (^ Ta-a-du-hi-i-pa); B. 24, obv. 32 (^ Ta-du-M-pa); and B. 26, Col. IV, 46 (^ Ta-tum-M-pa). m(?): 71, 3t(y -«»(?))• LIST OF PLATES. Plate. BegiBtration IJumber. 1. BU. 88-10-13, 1 »1 » 88-10-13, 4 2. )J 88-10-13, 7 »i ») 88-10-13, 8 3. JJ 88-10-13, 9 11 )) 88-10-13, 11 4. 1) 88-10-13, 12 » )> 88-10-13, 13 5. »> 88-10-13, 15 V » 88-10-13, 16 ») J1 88-10-13, 19 6. >1 88-10-13, 20 » )) 88-10-13, 23 i» ;) 88-10-13, 30 • ) Jl 88-10-13, 31 7. >J 88-10-13, 34 1) IJ 88-10-13, 35 8. U 88-10-13, 37 9. »1 88-10-13, 39 10. »» 88-10-13, 44 M 11 88-10-13, 46 11. M 88-10-13, 49 No. 71 74 27 62 72 43 45 42 64 51 69 32 76 79 22 60 78 5 11 19 3 33 /^ pj^f^ Registration Number. 11. BU. 88-10-13, 51 12. „ 88-10-13, 52 „ 88-10-13, 54 13. „ 88-10-13, 56 „ „ 88-10-13, 58 14. „ 88-10-13, 59 „ „ 88-10-13, 60 15. „ 88-10-13, 61 „ 88-10-13, 62 „ 88-10-13, 64 16. „ 88-10-13, 65 „ „ 88-10-13, 66 17. „ 88-10-13, 69 18-19. „ 88-10-13, 70 20. „ 88-10-13, 72 „ „ 88-10-13, 73 21. ,, 88-10-13, 74 „ „ 88-10-13, 75 22. ,. 88-10-13, 76 23. .. 88-10-13, 78 „ 88-10-13, 80 24. >, 88-10-13, 81 No. 29 39 68 30 14 52 28 66 34 58 48 75 82 8 12 16 61 54 35 10 26 2 it ir n I I ' ' ♦ ' ' ' L ^ ; 7 I .^ jr 1 It, / I 5 I }(• U 'it 3y- -ir 7^ ^/2..V3. vr- >/&-■ ' -Ti (^ (/h CiC'i i( c^ ii> pi' /i...}H/f-;f;>i OBVERSE REVERSE BRITISH MUSE U M B 88-1 0- 13. I. OBVER SE R EVER SE BRITISH' MUSEUM b. -10-13 4 M'^ OBVERSE I'll n t**%*\rm ^,,,„ REVERSE Plate 2. SRITISH M'USEUM. B^ 88- ^o io / OBVERSE REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM, b 88-io-i3. 8. OBVERSE /K/-?. REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM, s. PI ■ 10 J3. 9. OBVERSE ^K i$. REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM, b .I0J3. 11. Plat- OBVERSE A^' /^' REVERSE ^mtdAOl- V ^^f^ ■ BRITISH MUSEUM b 88-!0H3, 12. ^.7 /^/VaiV ;^i£»*^ y»--^^!Si«i(r. BRITISH MUSEUM, b. 88-10-13.13. REVERSE OBVERSE /i^T/ 10.13, 15 REVERSE SRITISH MUSEUM b, 88.10.13. i6 OBVERSE ,_ REVERSE '1. ,:' ^(!MA<•- BR(TISH MUSEUM. B. 88_I0_I3, 19. Plate 6 OBV ERSE yji OBVERSE *4 ,. REVERSE - BLANK BRITISH MUSEUM b 88-10-13, 20 m-^f REVERSE- BLANK BRITISH MUSEUM B 88-10-13 2J REVERSE BR ITISH. MUSEUM. B 88-10-13. 30 OB VE R S E iJL REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM B 88-10-13, 31 Pic OBVERSE REVERSE iRITISH MUSEUM. B. 88_I0_I3.34. OBVERSE r//^,<„'i.^^iM REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM, b. 88.io_i3,35. -t Plate :i ^' IB LlJ cn cc ffiwpP^^IIJ^pigMBH^Bi H LjJ > tr B ' * T^iiritT^wiB^y'^ ift'^^l^^'fiHH ■Hj^^^B ^^^^^ IfM^ii RmMhB t^K inn H ^ I ^ i UJ '■^'^i^L^^^ l^S^I^S^KmS^^nnSKmmB^twI^^^^^SS^^^^^ n^r 00 cr > IP CQ o iKiS^S^^w^S^uAvSB^IW''SSSS9n^ftiw91BmiF 1 1 C/3 cr OBVERSE Plate II. REVERSE IRITISH MUSEUM B 88-10-13,49. OBVERSE REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM B. 88-10-'.:, .51. OBVERSE Plate 12 BRITISH MUSEUM, -I0_I3, 52, OBVERSE REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM. b,88J0J3,54. OBVERS E ACk) REVERSE RITISH MUSEUM B 88-10-13 55 OBVERSE REVERSE "RITISH MUS E U M. B 88-10-13 58. Plate BVE RSE REVERSE >M. ^S.. i. ^?^. 4fi»*iS'^-*» iRITISH MUSEUM. B 88-10-13, 59. OBVERSE REVERS E "1 ■'* BRITISH MUSEUM, B, 88-10-13, 60, Plate 15 OBVERSE REVERSE .RITISH MUSEUM, b. 88-io-;3, 6i. OBVERSE dlf^^'Ul- [ Reverse effaced J iRITISH MUSEUM, b, 88-10-13, 62 OBVERSE REVERSE r^KJil I*-, tlirirtilililii " il'i iiMtit B'RITISH MUSEUM, b. 88-10-13, 64. cr UJ > lu cr ^4v^ UJ CO cc uJ > CD O in. i>. Ttc *•■« C» ■« c .- ■' ?"■■ ' 'j' i'fl o a! UJ W ZD X H cr CD BVE K S E Plate 18 ^ • ■/Ti ?■ BRITISH MUSEUM b. 88.10.13,70. BRITISH MUSEUM, b 88jo^i3 7o Plate 20 REVERSE r-^ OBVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM B 88-10-13, 72 ■^•- ^^ REVERSE i ■■>>'■*=• f'^ J-> '^^'^V' .,«» BRITISH MUSEUM B &8-I0 13, 73 Plate 21 OBVERSE ^^■ ^^*<^ REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM B. 88-10-13.74. OBVERSE iU^ y REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM. B. 88-10-13.75. ■'% Plate , ' OBVERSE REVERSE BRITISH MUSEUM. 88-10-13, 78 OBVERSE w»ti />Mt he <-e y, v/ ^iU'U>^ REVERSE •frir^r-^,^ '-0 iRiTlSH MUSEUM. 8«-IO-l3, 80.