PR 1301 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF Professor B.S, Monroe PR 5581.D62"l901 "'""" ''"'"'^ * !i,«'E.Sf.ISS,';X?9.n> «ith a critical ess 3 1924 013 560 I™ Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31 92401 35601 1 9 A PRIMER OF TENNYSON a A PRIMER OF TENNYSON A CRITICAL ESSAY BY WILLIAM MACNEILE DIXON LlTT.D.,A.M., LL.B. PROFESSOR OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM} AUTHOR OF "iN THE REPUBLIC OF LETTERS," ETC. SECOND EDITION REVISED METHUEN & CO. 36 ESSEX STREET, W.C. LONDON igoi EDINBURGH COLSTON AND COY. LIMITED PRINTERS TC EDIVARD DOIVDEN. (My "Dear Trofessor T)owden : I wish to inscribe this hook to you, because, though it does not claim the distinction of literary value which belongs to your work, it may prove useful to readers of modern poetry ; and if it so proved, I should be glad to think that the name of one to whom I owe so much — and that not merely as a student — might ie read here as that of my teacher and friend. Very sincerely yours, W. Macneile Dixon. CONTENTS Chap. I. Biography. Page Parenl^e and Childhood ,....! At Cambridge ...... 3 Marriage and Poet Lauteateship . . . .15 Married Life, Travels and Political Poems . . . 17 Maud and the Idylls of the King . . . .20 The Dramas ....... 31 Closing Years ..>..• 35 Chap. II. The Poems. Poems by Two Brothers, 1827 . . . -39 Timbuctoo and the Poems of 1 830 . . . .42 The Poems of 1832 ...... 47 The Poems of 1842 ...... 53 Chap. III. The Princess, 1847 . . . . . ^39 Chap. IV. In Memoriam, 1850 ...... 74 Maud and Other Poems, 1855 .... 85 Chap. V. Idylls of the King, 1859-85 ..... 91 Enoch Arden, etc., 1864 . . . . .105 Chap. VI. The Dramas . . • • • • .111 BalladsandOther Poems, 1880- 1 892 . . • .118 Chap. VII. A Critical Essay . . . • • .127 Appendix. List of Dates and Bibliography . . • -147 PORTRAITS OF TENNYSON. The earliest portrait of Tennyson was painted by Samuel Laurence in 1838. Five were painted by G. F. Watts (who also painted a portrait of Mrs Tennyson), a profile in 1856, a three-quarters in 1858, another in 1859, a full face in 1865 (in the National Portrait Gallery), a three-quarters in 1891 (in Trinity College, Cambridge). To these may be added a portrait by Herkomerin 1878. Woolner, the sculptor, executed a portrait medallion in 1850, a profile bust in 1856 (in Trinity College, Cambridge, replica in Westminster Abbey), a three-quarters in 1867, and another bust in 1873. Of photographs of Tennyson among the best and best known are those taken by Mrs J. M. Cameron. A TENNYSON PRIMER. CHAPTER I. Alfred Tennyson, the acknowledged representa- tive of his age in poetry, was born on August 6, 1809, at Somersby Rectory, in the village of Somers- by, in Lincolnshire. His parents were of gentle blood : his father, the Rev. George Clayton Tenny- son, rector of Somersby and vicar of Great Grimsby, a man of exceptional culture, Parentage versatile powers, imaginative temper, and and strongly marked character ; his mother, a Childhood, daughter of the Rev. Stephen Fytche, vicar of Louth. Frederick and Charles (afterwards Charles Tennyson-Turner), who preceded Alfred in a family of twelve, both became distinguished as poets in after life. From his earliest years Alfred was devoted to poetry, and seemed destined for a poetical career. His first recorded verse was the cry that broke from him, when a child of five, as the wind hurried him down the garden walk : " I hear a voice that's speaking in the wind." While Still very young, some verses written upon his slate — the subject, the flowers in the rectory gar- den — modelled upon Thomson, the only poet he had then read, were rewarded by a " Yes, you can write," from his brother ; a little later the death of his grand- * The eldest brother, George, born 1806, died in infancy. A 2 A TENNYSON PRIMER. mother was the theme of a poem which drew from his grandfather half a sovereign, and the prophecy, soon to be falsified, " That is the first money, my boy, that you've made by poetry, and, take my word for it, it will be the last." Perhaps the lines in the Poems by Two Brothers, be- ginning, " There on the bier she sleeps," are an im- proved version of this early attempt.* In his twelfth year he was busy on an epic in imitation of Scott, which ran to some thousand lines, and in his fifteenth he essayed a drama. Of these poems it is interest- ing to note that, in his father's judgment, they gave promise of a famous future. " If Alfred die," said Mr. Tennyson, " one of our greatest poets will have gone." For three years Alfred attended the grammar school at Louth.t which was followed by home tuition. The changes hardly broke the tranquil, dreamy life spent by the boy, chiefly alone — for he was naturally of re- tiring disposition — or in long rambles with his favour- ite brother Charles. The news of Byron's death, in 1824, was the first wave of emotion from the outside world that touched him. "I thought," he said, " that everything was over and finished for every one — that nothing else mattered. I remember I walked out alone and carved ' Byron is dead !' into the sand- stone." Two years later Alfred and Charles joined in a poetical venture, and put forth a small volume ; but rather, it appears, in search of pocket-money than fame. A Louth bookseller, Jackson by name, was induced to give twenty pounds for the copyright of \h&\x juvenilia. The Poems by Two Brothers (1826), * Signed, however, " C. T." in the 1893 edition. + 1816-1820. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 3 containing one hundred and two short poems, was pub- lished, and the money spent on a tour round the churches of Lincolnshire. The scenery of Lincolnshire*is faithfully sketched as background to all the early poetry of Tennyson which is not purely derivative ; the rich meadow and gradual slope, the "ridged wolds," the picturesque wandering lanes, as well as the "glooming flats" and less attractive features of the fen country, appear in it, even the "... woods that belt the gray hillside, The seven elms, the poplars four That stand beside my father's door." • — Ode to Memory. In 1828 Charles and Alfred went up to Trinity College, Cambridge, whither Frederick had pre- ceded them. Alfred's rooms were in Corpus Build- ings, overlooking the main quadrangle of King's College, and within hearing of its chapel organ. The change from the quiet, rural At life of his childhood to that of the univer- Cambridge, sity, where many of the lasting friend- ships of his life were made, was fraught with important influences upon Tennyson's career. He became the central figure of a group of brilliant young men, not a few of whom bore names afterwards distinguished : Richard Monckton Milnes (afterwards Lord Houghton), James Spedding (the " J. S." of the poem, " You ask me why, tho' ill at ease"), J. M. Kemble (the "J. M. K." of the sonnet, " My heart and hope is with thee"), Richard Chenevix Trench (afterwards Archbishop of Dublin), W. H. Brookfield (to whom the sonnet, " Brooks, for they * The Tennysons frequently visited the Lincolnshire coast. 4 A TENNYSON PRIMER. called you so that knew you best," was addressed), Henry Alford (afterwards Dean of Canterbury), Ed- mund Lushington, Charles Merivale (afterwards Dean of Ely), and Arthur Hallam, the eldest son of Henry Hallam, the historian.* Between Arthur Hallam and Alfred Tennyson grew up a friendship so close and deep as rightly to be named ideal — a friendship which, though cut short by Hallam 's death in less than five years {In Memoriam, xxii.), must be reckoned one of the great determining forces of the poet's life. Hal- lam, Tennyson's junior by two years, was at this time the more widely read and accomplished scholar, and gave equal promise of future name and fame. His engagement, in the year in which he left Cam- bridge, to Emily Tennyson, Alfred's sister, promised to add another bond to that of friendship {In Me- moriam, Ixxxiv.), a promise sadly unfulfiUed.f Before going up to the University, Tennyson had been at work upon a poem entitled The Lover's Tale. After a few years' interval the first and second parts appeared in print in 1833 (the same year as Brown- ing's Pauline^, "when," wrote the author (in the preface to the edition of 1879), " feeling the imperfec- tion of the poem, I withdrew it from the press." Copies were, however, in circulation, and the work was reprinted without his consent and without the improvements which were in contemplation. In self- defence a corrected and improved version, with the addition of a third part. The Golden Supper, a work of the author's mature life, was published in 1879. The^ Lover's Tale contains one line — " A center'd glory-circled memory" — * Thackeray, afterwards a warm friend, was also a contemporary of the Tennysons at Trinity College, t She married Captain R. Jesse, R.N. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 5 of which Tennyson had already made use in his now- famous university prize poem, a fact which may be noted as an example of his almost parsimonious habit of treasuring a good line like a jewel until he could find for it a suitable setting. Three lines, also from the same poem, appear again in the Ode to Memory.* In 1829, Milnes, Hallam, and Alfred Tennyson were all competitors for the Vice-Chancellor's medal in English verse— the subject "Timbuctoo." Tennyson was a candidate at his father's request, and the verses sent in were remodelled to some extent from an unfinished earlier poem on the Battle of Armaged- don. To him the medal was awarded, despite the fact that it was supposed to be de rigueur that the com- positions should be in the heroic couplet, and Tenny- son had chosen for his metre blank verse. Promise of great poetry to come was found in Timbuctoo by several acute readers, and it is creditable to the dis- cernment of the examiners that they were able to ap- preciate its merit. Both here and in The Lover's Tale the influence of Shelley is clearly evidenced, but the ring and movement of the blank verse which we now recognise as Tennysonian unmistakably dis- play themselves. During the autumn of 1830 Hallam and Tennyson visited Spain — a visit commemorated in The Valley of Cauteretz — to carry money and letters of encourage- ment to the revolutionists, with some of whose leaders they had interviews.f The enthusiasm of the youth- * " Sure she was nigher to heaven's spheres, Listening the lordly music flowing from Th' illimitable years." — Ode to Memory. f " A wild time we had of it," Hallam said. " I played my part 6 A TENNYSON PRIMER. ful poets had been kindled by the struggle for freedom in the Spanish war of independence, much as the spirits of Wordsworth and Coleridge had been aroused by the hopes of the French Revolution. But, like Words- worth, Tennyson came to a different and perhaps wiser mind when his knowledge of revolutionary men and methods was nearer and more personal. In this year of the visit to the Pyrenees was published Alfred's first independent volume of verse. Poems, Chiefly Lyri- cal. The original design had been to include poems by Hallam in the volume, but owing to the disap- proval expressed by Hallam's father the idea of a poetic partnership was given up, and the book ap- peared as we have it. In this year also appeared a volume of poems. Sonnets and Fugitive Pieces, by Charles Tennyson, the brother with whom Alfred had joined in the production of the Poems by Two Brothers. Wordsworth, writing from Cambridge about this time, remarked : " We have also a respectable show of blos- som in poetry — two brothers of the name of Tenny- son ; one in particular not a little promising." The death of his father in March, 1831, brought Tennyson's University career to a close without a degree, nor does it seem that he had any regard for the traditions of Cambridge or breathed its atmosphere with any keen enjoyment.* He had taken little part as conspirator in a small way, and made friends with two or three gallant men, who have since been trying their luck with Valdes." * The following sonnet, written in pencil, appears on the fiy-leaf of the 1833 volume in the Dyce collection of the South Kensington Museum : " Therefore your halls, your ancient colleges. Your portals statued with old kings and queens, Ycur gardens, myriad-volumed libraries, Wax-lighted chapels, and rich carven screens, A TENNYSON PRIMER. 7 in the life a university offers, and was never a candidate for academic distinctions. To a chosen few, a coterie known as " the Apostles" (/« Memoriam, Ixxxvii.), he was accustomed to read his verses as they were com- posed, but it was understood that no criticism would be acceptable. From the first the natural sensitiveness of the poet, which increased in later life to an almost morbid degree, made him extremely averse to a word of dispraise. The same sensitiveness debarred him from playing any active part in the world of men, and at no period was his circle of acquaintanceship large. But while impatient of adverse criticism, there was never author who turned it to better account when it came ; and the day of its coming was not long delayed. The first rude breath of censure blew from the critical journals, Blackwood and the Quarterly, soon after the appearance of Poems, Chiefly Lyrical, and the Poems of 1832. These reviews dealt in the trenchant style of the time with the affectations and weaknesses apparent to every cultivated reader in the work of the new poet. He was described as "the pet of a cockney Your doctors, and your proctors, and your deans, Shall not avail you, when the day-beam sports New risen o'er awakened Albion — no ! Nor yet your solemn organ-pipes that blow Melodious thunders thro' your vacant courts At morn and eve — because your manner sorts Not with this age wherefrom you stand apart. Because the lips of little children preach Against you, you that do profess to teach, And teach us nothing, feeding not the heart." The following note is appended : " I have a great affection for my old university, and can only regret that this spirit of under- graduate irritability against the Cambridge of that day ever found its way into print." This sonnet is reprinted in the life of the poet by his son. 8 A TENNYSON PRIMER. coterie," a remark at the time not very wide of the truth. Though unsympathetic, therefore, his early critics were no less valuable friends to Tennyson than his band of faithful admirers. His education as an artist was far from complete, his instrument not yet in tune, and it is with the manner rather than the matter of the reviews that any reasonable quarrel can be raised. While Tennyson replied to the Blackwood article bitterly enough in the verses, after- wards suppressed, describing Wilson as " rusty, fusty Christopher," he was careful to adopt his suggestions almost without exception ; and though the Quarterly re- view was resented, it was honoured scrupulously in the same way. This was to exhibit the temper of the child, but to act like a man. The voices, moreover, were very far from being all against Tennyson. Cole- ridge praised the poems, while he expressed the opin- ion that the new poet was not yet master of the metrical craft, and confessed to his own difficulty in scanning some of the verses. The Westminster Review of January, 1831, had been full of eulogy ; Hallam him- self, in the Englishman's Magazine of August, had warmly praised the genius of his friend in a glowing article, and Leigh Hunt, in the Tatter of the same year (February and March), in reviewing Alfred's poems, together with the volume of sonnets by Charles, while he praised both, had predicted the laurel of the future for Alfred. In the year that Arthur Hallam took his degree (1832) he was a guest at Somersby. " Fifty years hence people will make pilgrimages to this place," he said. About this time his engagement to Emily Ten- nyson was made public, and he went up to London to begin his career at the bar, the profession he had A TENNYSON PRIMER. 9 chosen as the best avenue to the public life to which he looked. Until compelled, the following year, to seek health abroad, Hallam was domiciled at 67 Wimpole Street — " the dark house in the long, unlovely street." " You will always find me at sixes and sevens," he was accustomed to say as a mnemonic for his friends. In September of 1833 the end came. " In Vienna's fatal walls God's finger toucht him, and he slept." He was buried at Clevedon, not far from where the Severn meets the sea and " in the hearing of the wave." After Arthur Hallam's death Tennyson went to re- side in London. So poignant a sorrow as the early loss of his best-loved friend hung like a heavy cloud over his life. It was the poet's "dark hour," how dark we learn from The Two Voices* No volume was published between the Poems of in London. 1832 and the revised and enlarged edition, in two volumes, of 1842. Occasional verses had appeared in 1831 in the Gem, and in the following year in the English Magazine, the Yorkshire Literary Annual, zxidiFriendshifs Offering; and others followed. During these silent years in London Tennyson became one of Carlyle's most frequent visitors — none more congenial — " a true human soul or some authen- tic approximation thereto, to whom your own soul can say. Brother ! " The poet of these London days was described in Carlyle's picturesque style thus : "A great shock of rough, dusty-dark hair; bright, laughing, hazel eyes; massive aquiline face, most massive, yet most delicate ; of sallow brown com- plexion, almost Indian-looking; clothes cynically loose, * Originally entitled Thoughts of a Suicide. lO A TENNYSON PRIMER. free and easy ; smokes infinite tobacco. His voice is musically metallic— fit for loud laughter and piercing wail, and all that may lie between ; speech and specu- lation free and plenteous ; I do not meet in these late decades such company over a pipe." In 1838 he ap- peared as a member of the Anonymous Club, of which Carlyle, Mill, Thackeray, Landor, Macready^ Sterling, Cunningham, and other men of letters were members. Some of his poems were handed about in manuscript and read by friends. Some were even in print, for Tennyson had prepared for his private use in 1842 a volume entitled Morte d Arthur, Dora and other Idylls, containing eight blank verse poems. The details of this period of Tennyson's life are but scanty, and there is little for a bio- grapher to relate. We know that he became strongly attached to Rogers, the veteran poet, and at his house met, among men of note, Gladstone, Leigh Hunt, and Tom Moore. The following note occurs in the diary of Henry Crabb Robinson : " 31 Jan., 1845. I dined this day with Rogers. We had an interesting party of eight — Moxon, the pub- lisher ; Kenny, the dramatic poet ; Spedding, Lush- ington, and Alfred Tennyson, three young men of eminent talent, belonging to literary young England — the latter, Tennyson, being by far the most eminent of the young poets. He is an admirer of Goethe, and I had a long tite-h-tite vi'ith. him about the great poet." It is certain that Carlyle's influence was a potent factor in the enlargement and development of his in- tellectual sympathies ; and to it, as well as to Hallam's death, is due the graver, more philosophical note soon to be heard in Tennyson's poetry. While he still continued to pay studious attention to the ex- A TENNYSON PRIMER. II ternal form of his verse, he essayed higher subjects and grappled with the deeper problems. In these days he met and talked far into the night, smoking " infinite tobacco," with his chosen friends, or read far and wide, and brooded over the poems that were to set the seal upon his reputation in the 1842 volumes ; in Car- lyle's words, " carrying a bit of chaos about him which he was manufacturing into kosmos." With the pub- lication of the volumes just mentioned Tennyson's place in English literature was beyond question as- sured. The author of Locksley Hall, Ulysses, the Vision of Sin, and the Morte d' Arthur was universally ac- knowledged the first poet of the day. " He is de- cidedly," wrote, in 1845, Wordsworth, whom he had met for the first time two years earlier, " the first of our living poets." That year saw the fourth edition of the two volumes, and Moxon, his publisher, con- fessed that Tennyson was the only poet by the pub- lication of whose work he was not a loser. In 1837 the Tennyson family had left Somersby for Beech Hill House, near Hill Beech, situated on the border of Epping Forest, and near Waltham Abbey, whose bells are addressed in the fine greeting to the New Year, now familiar to all English ears : " Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky !" In 1840 came another change to Tunbridge Wells, and in the next year still another to Boxley, near Maidstone. Here Alfred's youngest sister, Cecilia, was married to Edmund Law Lushington, professor of Greek in the University of Glasgow, the wedding which is the subject of the closing section of In Me- moriam. In 1845,* through the influence of Milnes, * In 1844 Edgar Allen Poe, carried away by the artistic beauty of 12 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Tennyson's name was placed by Sir Robert Peel, who had never previously heard of the poet, upon the Civil List for a pension of two hundred pounds a year, and his pecuniary anxieties, for some time pressing, were at an end. Though approved of by the major- ity, by some the pension was considered premature, and Bulwer Lytton, in his satire. The New Timon, made a sharp attack upon Tennyson, both as poet and pen- sioner. He was there spoken of as " School-Miss Al- fred," and his poetry described as ..." a jingling medley of purloined conceits Out-babying Wordsworth, and out-glittering Keats." A note to the passage stated that Tennyson had been " quartered on the public purse in the prime of life, without either wife or family." The reply was not delayed, and a set of verses in Punch, signed " Al- cibiades," proved that stinging satire was quite within Tennyson's reach also, had he cared to enter that field.'" An Afterthought, now included in his works form in Tennyson's poems, wrote enthusiastically; "I am not sure that Tennyson is not the greatest of poets.'' * " We know him out of Shakespeare's art. And those fine curses which he spoke — The old Timon with his noble heart, That strongly loathing, greatly broke. " So died the Old, here comes the New ; Regard him — a familiar face ; I thought we knew him. What, it's you, The padded man that wears the stays — " Who killed the girls and thrilled the boys With dandy pathos when you wrote — O Lion ! you that made a noise. And shook a mane en papillotes. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 1 3 under the title of Literary Squabbles, appeared the fol- lowing week over the same signature, and more justly represents Tennyson's true attitude towards such con- troversies. The passage of detraction in the New Timon was subsequently excised ; and the amende hon- orable was acknowledged by the dedication, in 1876, of the drama of Harold to the novelist's son. Among other attacks may be noted the Bon GauUier Ballads (the work of Theodore Martin and W. E. Aytoun), 1845, which contained some clever parodies of the 1842 poems.* About this time Howitt wrote of Tennyson : " It is very possible you may come across " But men of long-enduring hopes, And careless what the hour may bring, Can pardon little would-be Popes, And Brummels when they try to sting. " An artist, sir, should rest in art, And waive a little of his claim ; To have the great poetic heart Is more than all poetic fame. » * * * * " A Timon you ! Nay, nay, for shame. It looks too arrogant a jest — That fierce old man— to take his name, You bandbox ! off, and let him rest." * The following stanza from The Laureate, parodying The Mer- man, will serve as an example : " Who would not be The Laureate bold. With his butt of sherry To keep him merry. And nothing to do but to pocket his gold. 'Tis I would be the Laureate bold." This was written on the death of Southey (1843), and was in- tended as an ironical demand for the appointment of Tennyson. 14 A TENNYSON PRIMER. him in a country inn, with a foot on each hob of the fireplace, a volume of Greek in one hand, his meer- schaum in the other, so far advanced towards the seventh heaven that he would not thank you to call him back into this nether world." Although Tennyson's reputation was now firmly established, there wanted not on the part of the best critics a certain reticence as to the quality of his at- tainment. In 1846, Wordsworth, in conversation with Thomas Cooper, spoke some weighty words which probably represented the more reserved and less en- thusiastic verdict of the time, the opinion of those who felt that so far the new poet had given signs indeed of very unusual power, but had trifled with his art rather than given himself seriously to its greater aims- " There is little," said Wordsworth, " that can be called high poetry. Mr. Tennyson affords, indeed, the richest promise. He will do great things yet, and ought to have done greater things by this time." Ere- long he was to show the best he had to give. In 1848 a new issue of The Princess (published the previous year) " produced among the fogs and smuts of Lin- coln's Inn," appeared, a poem, the plan of which had been talked over as early as 1839, and was thought by the author to contain some of his best blank verse.* But the central year of the century was Tennyson's Annus Mirabilis, the year which saw the publication of his greatest poem, his marriage, and his appoint- ment as Poet Laureate. In 1850 Tennyson left Cheltenham, where he had chiefly resided from 1 844. The years that lay between these two dates were mainly occupied in the composi- tion of the great elegy which enshrines the memory of Arthur Hallam. In Memoriam appeared in i8So,atfirst * E.£^., the passage beginning " As one that climbs a peak," etc. A TENNYSON PRIMER. I5 anonymously. On June 13 of the same year, the author was married at Shiplake Church, Oxfordshire, to Emily Sellwood, a niece of Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer.* Wordsworth had died Marriage earlier in the year, and in November Al- a,nd Poet fred Tennyson was appointed his succes- I^aireateBnip. sor as Poet Laureate,"]" and the seal of national recognition placed upon his already great fame. For two years after his marriage, on his re- turn from a wedding journey in Italy, J the poet lived at Twickenham, famous on account of Pope's resi- dence there, and now (as Mr. G. J. Cayley, in a blank verse letter, wrote to the Laureate) "twice classic." From this year until that of his death Tennyson's career was a summer of unbroken splendour, clouded only by the death of his brother Charles, in 1879, and his son Lionel, in 1885. Unlike most poets, he lived a long life through in the sunshine of critical as well as popular favour, honoured by all and reverenced by * Her younger sister was the wife of Charles Tennyson-Turner. t The post was offered to and declined by Rogers. j See The Daisy. His verses To the Queen, written after his appointment to the Laureateship, have been so ahered and amended that scarcely a line of the original remains as at first.- The original MS. contained these two verses, afterwards omitted : " Nor should I dare to flatter state, Nor such a lay would you receive Were I to shape it, who believe Your nature true as you are great. ***** " She brought a vast design to pass When Europe and the scatter'd ends Of our fierce world did meet as friends And brethren in her halls of glass." The reference here is to the Crystal Palace of 1851. 1 6 A TENNYSON PRIMER. many as among the very greatest of English poets. No such supreme lot has perhaps ever fallen to a poet of any race or country in the history of the world. Tennyson's almost immediate and unanimous ac- ceptance as a poet — a circumstance in itself usually far from prophetic of enduring fame — may be set down as due in part to the versatility of his poetic manner, and in part to the absence of serious rivals. He was fortunate in the possession of many brilliant gifts; he was perhaps even more fortunate in his birth time, and in the length of days granted him, with faculties unimpaired, and with ample space wherein to stablish his monument and enjoy his fame. Of the great poets of the century, but few reached even middle life ; for Keats and Shelley and Byron the light was early quenched ; Wordsworth and Southey and Coleridge had overlived their poetic prime, and the fruit of public acceptance was once more ripe for plucking. And Tennyson, in whose brain the man of the world was not unrepresented, took the nearest way to fame in that he made appeal, in almost every volume of verse published in his earlier years, to the people as well as to the critics. He was the man of the hour, and, with no very bold or illuminating opinions to offer, gave expressions in his poetry to the prevailing feelings, the prevailing thought of the time. The admiration of the few and the critical was ex- cited by the perfection of his art, the admiration of the many and unsophisticated readers of poetry by the simple and graceful treatment of themes gener- ally themselves simple, frequently English. The few were delighted to find their own thoughts in the deli- cate and exquisite version of a scholar of perfect A TENNYSON PRIMER. \^ taste ; the many could not deny that here were poems which never ran on to undue lengths, easily understood, even more easily enjoyed, and praised by all poetical authorities. The first year of Tennyson's married life was partly spent in Italy, the route chosen being through the Riviera to Florence. Save for a few stanzas in The Keepsake, a farewell sonnet to Macready, read by John Forster at the banquet Harried Life, given the actor on the eve of his depart- Travels, and ure, and the dedication " to the Queen"* PoUtical Poemg. of the seventh edition of the Poems, there was nothing of importance published during the year. But in 1852 the political horizon became clouded and threatening, and Tennyson, in company with most of his countrymen, viewed with extreme distrust the events taking place in France. The period of excitement that followed the coup (T^tat of December, the abolition of the constitution of the French Republic by Louis Napoleon, gave birth to three patriotic lyrics, published under the pseudonym of " Merlin" in the Examiner. It was not until 1872 that Tennyson acknowledged the authorship of these lyrics by the publication in the library edition of his works of the stirring lines entitled T}ie Third of February, which, with the poems, Britons, Guard your Own and Hands all Round, had given full expression to the national feeling in England towards the French emperor and those weak-kneed English peers who, * Tennyson was presented to the Queen at Buckingham Palace, on his appointment to be Poet Laureate, March 6, 185 1. It is said he was dressed in Rogers' court dress, worn on a former occasion by Wordsworth. 1 8 A TENNYSON PRIMER. to purchase peace at any price, would have " salved the tyrant o'er." In September 1852 the Duke of Wellington died, and upon the day of his funeral appeared in the Times the first version of Tennyson's funeral ode, a poem which, if studied in its various editions, will give con- siderable insight into the author's careful methods of work. There was little enthusiasm over the ode in its early form, and it was severely criticised in the Press. Tennyson was much gratified by Henry Taylor's approval — " It has a greatness worthy of its theme, and an absolute simplicity and truth, with all the poetic passion of your nature moving beneath" — and replying, wrote : " Thanks ! thanks ! In the all but universal depreciation of my ode by the Press, the prompt and hearty approval of it by a man as true as the Duke himself is doubly grateful." The second edition, published in 1853, was greatly altered and ex- tended, and further improvements were introduced before its reappearance in the Maud volume of 1856. The following lines in the first were omitted in all the subsequent editions : " Perchance our greatness will increase ; Perchance a darkening future yields Some reverse from worse to worse, The blood of men in quiet fields, And sprinkled on the sheaves of peace." In this year the poet's eldest son, Hallam, was born at Twickenham, and in the following year the family removed to Farringford, in Freshwater. The lanes and breezy downs, the meadow and wood and views of sea of the Farringford district form the back- ground of his later poetic descriptions, as the flats and level wastes and marshes of Lincolnshire had done in A TENNYSON PRIMER. 19 the earlier. In his poetic invitation to the Rev. F. D. Maurice, on the occasion of his expulsion from King's College, London, Tennyson accurately describes the surroundings of his home in the Isle of Wight : " Where, far from noise and smoke of town, I watch the twilight falling brown All round a careless-order'd garden Close to the ridge of a noble down. * * * » » " For groves of pine on either hand. To break the blast of winter, stand ; And further on, the hoary Channel Tumbles a billow on chalk and sand." Here, where Lionel, his second son, was born in 1854, Tennyson lived until 1870. In 1853 appeared the eighth edition of the Poems and the fifth edition of the Princess, which, like the Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, had undergone many altera- tions and editions. In 1853 he was asked whether he would permit his name to be put forward for the Lord Rectorship of the University of Edinburgh, but declined. In 1854* appeared in the Examiner (December 9) the first draught of The Charge of the Light Brigade, a poem of which three versions are extant. The final version appeared as a separate publication, with the following note by the author : "Having heard that the brave soldiers before Sebastopol, whom I am proud to call my countrymen, have a liking for my ballad on the Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava, I have ordered a thousand copies of it to be printed for them. No writing of * In this year Dr. E. K. Kane, the Arctic explorer, named a columnar rock in Greenland, "Tennyson's Pillar." 20 A TENNYSON PRIMER. mine can add to the glory they have acquired in the Crimea ; but if what I have heard be true, they will not be displeased to receive these copies of the ballad from me, and to know that those who sit at home love and honour them. "Augusts, 1855. Alfred Tennyson." " The people's voice" was never more distinctly heard than in the poetry of Tennyson written in times of grave national anxiety. His sympathy with popular feeling, as here, aroused by the war in the Crimea, was closer and deeper, aristocratic poet though he was, than that of any poet of the demo- cracy that England has yet seen. In May, 1855, the year of the publication of Maud, the honorary degree of D.C.L. was conferred on the Poet Laureate by the University of Oxford. Of all Tennyson's poems, Maud was received Maud with the least favour ; it was severely criti- and The cised in Blackwood (September), and the Idylls of National Review (October), and a hot con- the King, troversy ensued over its merits and de- merits. An " Anti Maud, by a Poet of the People," appeared and ran into a second edition. The germ of Maud, " a drama of the soul," is to be found in the lines, " O, that 'twere possible," contributed in 1837 to the Tribute, and it is on record that its genesis may be traced to a remark of Sir John Simeon * (Tennyson's friend and neighbour), to the eflfect that the lines suggested a story which ought to be told. The poem was mainly composed in Sir John Simeon's garden at Swainston. Though the author's favourite poem, Maud has never taken firm hold of the popular imagi- * In the Garden at Swainston enshrines his memory with that of Hallara and Lushington. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 21 nation, and only a few of the more eminent critics have spoken enthusiastically in its favour. Chief among the charges made against it is that of obscurity, a charge which can, however, with difficulty be main- tained. The best-known vindication of Maud, a reply to the animadversions of the critics, was published by Dr. Mann (1856), and is of special interest as approved by Tennyson himself In a letter to the author, Ten- nyson wrote: "No one with this essay before him can in future pretend to misunderstand my dramatic poem, Maud; your commentary is as true as it is full." Rightly understood, Maud will be taken as a proof of the real range and fertility of Tennyson's lyric power. More truly dramatic than any of his poems composed in the traditional form of the drama, it serves to display the character of his genius, which was capable of the development of intense individual tnoods such as he could realise in his own person, and their presentation in the emphatic form of subtly modulated lyric verse. In a monodrama whose action unfolds itself in a series of lyric poems, his intense individualism was a source of strength, just as it was a source of indisputable weakness when he essayed a great dramatic theme in Queen Mary and Harold. Maud was the poem which the author most fre- quently chose to read aloud.* Perhaps the most in- teresting occasion upon which it was so read was in the September of 1855; Robert Browning and his wife were present, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Ros- setti made a pen-and-ink sketch of the poet as he declaimed his verses, which is still preserved. Tenny- son is sketched seated on the sofa, in a loose coat. His left hand grasps his foot in a curious fashion, * He styled it "a little Hamlet, the history of a morbid poetic soul." 23 A TENNYSON PRIMER. and the right holds the book. Of Tennyson's read- ing, several descriptions have been given. It seems to have been a kind of chant, guided by the music of the verse rather than by the sense of the words, and in this way a striking contrast to Browning's, whose stress of voice was not intended to be musical, but indicative of the meaning. The contrast is signifi- cant as interpreting in the case of each poet his con- ception of the aim of his own art. ' ' I rather need to know what he is reading," said Sir Henry Taylor of Tennyson, "for otherwise I find sense to be lost in sound from time to time." Two American men of letters have left interesting records of their personal impressions of Tennyson during 1857. Bayard Taylor was the poet's guest at Farringford, and walked with him over the cliffs to the Needles. " I was struck," he wrote, " by the variety of his knowledge. Not a little flower on the downs escaped his notice, and the geology of the coast, both terrestrial and submarine, was perfectly familiar to him. I thought of a remark I once heard from a distinguished English author (Thackeray), that Tennyson was the wisest man he knew." Of the outward man he spoke as " Tall and broad-shoul- dered as a son of Anak, with hair, beard, and eyes of Southern darkness." * Hawthorne found the poet " as un-English as possible," though not American in appearance. " I cannot well describe the difference, but there was something more mellow in him, softer, sweeter, broader, more simple than we are apt to be."t It may be noted here that Whittier, a warm ad- * Ai Home and Abroad, by Bayard Taylor (London, i85o). t July 30, 1857- A TENNYSON PRIMER. 23 mirer of Tennyson's poetry, wrote to him in 1885 to ask for some memorial verses for the cenotaph of Gordon — a request which produced the well-known stanza beginning : " Warrior of God, man's friend" — Some years later he wrote to Walt Whitman an ac- knowledgment of the gift of that poet's photograph : " Dear Walt Whitman : I thank you for your kind thought of me. I value the photograph much, and I wish that I could see not only this sun picture, excellent as I am told it is, but also the living original. May he still live and flourish for many years to be. The coming year (1888) should give new life to every American who has breathed a breath of that soul which inspired the great founders of the American Constitution, whose work you are to celebrate. Truly the mother country, pondering on this, may feel that how much soever the daughter owes to her, she, the mother, has nevertheless something to learn from the daughter. Especially I would note the care taken to guard a noble Constitution from rash and unwise innovators." This year (1857) saw in print,* though it never was published, the first of the series of poems dealing with the Arthurian cycle of legends which we now possess under the single title Idylls of the King. For long Tennyson's mind had been occupied upon the material for poetic treatment lying unused in the an- cient British romances. In every volume published by him appear traces of their influence upon his * Enid and Nimue ; or, The True and the False. 24 A TENNYSON PRIMER. imagination. The Lady of Shalott, Sir Galahad, and Morte d Arthur were pieces of exquisite jewel work such as a consummate artist alone could have achieved, but they were little more than beautiful fragments, and the subject demanded a larger treatment. The poet, too, had now other ideals in poetry than those which had floated before his youthful mind. Not yet had his work given proof of the architectonic power of the masters, and he had earned the right to enter the lists with them for the highest prize. It had been left for a nineteenth - century poet to attempt the authentic English epic, the great na- tional poem unifying the deeds of the great national hero of Britain's legendary age. The development of Tennyson's poem was very gradual. In 1859 ap- peared Enid, Vivien, Elaine, and Guinevere in a volume of which ten thousand copies were sold within a few weeks. At long intervals from this year until 1885, the date of Balin and Balan, was built up, book by book, the poem of Arthur and the Round Table. An expectant but critical audience received the first volume with mingled feelings of admiration and disappoint- ment. Longfellow wrote in his diary : " Finished the four idyls. The first and third {Enid &-a.6. Elaine^ could have only come from a great poet. The second and fourth ( Vivien and Guinevere') do not seem to me so good." Carlyle was more outspoken in his dissatis- faction. In a letter to Emerson he wrote : " We read at first Tennyson's Idylls with profound recognition of the finely elaborated execution, and also of the in- ward perfection of vacancy, and, to say truth, with considerable impatience at being treated so very like infants, though the lollipops were so superlative. We gladly changed for one of Emerson's English A TENNYSON PRIMER. 2$ Traits." Fitzgerald, one of Tennyson's oldest friends, shared the disappointment, but for different reasons from Carlyle's. Tennyson's poetic progress had been in his judgment a deterioration. The early poems, Fitzgerald's first love, had been added to indeed, but not outshone. Of In Memoriam, though he spoke admiringly, he confessed that for him it had " the sense of being evolved by a poetic machine of the highest order," and of The Princess he wrote to Fred- erick Tennyson : " I am considered a great heretic for abusing it ; it seems to me a wretched waste of power at a time when a man ought to be doing his best ; and I almost feel hopeless about Alfred now — I mean about his doing what he was born to do." When the Idylls appeared he said : " I wish I had secured more leaves from that old ' Butcher's Book' torn up in old Spedding's rooms in 1842, when the press went to work with, I think, the last of old Alfred's best." Without literally endorsing Fitzgerald's mournful verdict, the majority of the good critics sorrowed over Tennyson's desertion of the field in which his early laurels had been reaped for the excursion into epic territory, and the regret was even more unanimous and widespread when he essayed drama. His repu- tation indisputably suffered during these epic and dramatic periods, and was not altogether restored even by the publication in 1880 of Ballads and Other Poems in his seventieth year, described by Theodore Watts as " the most richly various volume of English poetry that has appeared in this century." A personal note in connexion with a passage in The Holy Grail may here find a place : " Let visions of the night or of the day Come as they will ; and many a time they come. C 26 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Until this earth he walks on seems not earth. This light that strikes his eyeball is not light, This air that strikes his forehead is not air But vision — yea, his very hand and foot — In moments when he feels he cannot die, And knows himself no vision to himself. Nor the high God a vision, nor that One Who rose again."* Here, and, as will be presently noted, elsewhere in his poetry Tennyson describes a mental state which was one frequently present in his own experience. He describes it as follows (May 7, 1874): "I have never had any revelations through anaesthetics, but a kind of waking trance (this for lack of a better name) I have frequently had quite up from my boyhood, when I have been all alone. This has often come to me through repeating my own name to myself silently, till, all at once, as it were, out of the intensity of the consciousness of my individuality, the individuality itself seemed to resolve and fade away into boundless being, and this not a confused state, but the clearest of the clearest, the surest of the surest, utterly be- yond words, where death was an almost laughable impossibility. The loss of personality (if so it were) seeming no extinction, but the only true life." In The Ancient Sage we have an exact reproduction of this description in verse : " For more than once when I Sat all alone, revolving in myself The word that is the symbol of myself, The mortal limit of the Self was loosed. And past into the Nameless, as a cloud Melts into Heaven. I touch'd my limbs, the limbs Were strange, not mine — and yet no shade of doubt. But utter clearness, and thro' loss of self * "These three lines," said Tennyson, "are the (spiritually) central lines in the Idylls." A TENNYSON PRIMER. 27 The gain of such large life as match'd with ours Were sun to spark — unshadowable In words, Themselves but shadows of a shadow-world. " A similar account of trance-like state is quoted by Mr. Knowles from a conversation of Tennyson's : * " Sometimes as I sit here alone in this great room I get carried away out of sense and body and rapt into mere existence, till the accidental touch or movement of one of my own fingers is like a great shock and blow, and brings the body back with a terrible start." With these experiences we may compare that deline- ated in the ninety-fifth section of In Memoriam. " So word by word, and line by line The dead man touch'd me from the past. And all at once it seem'd at last The living soul was flash'd on mine, " And mine in his was wound and whirl'd About empyreal heights of thought, And came on that which is, and caught The deep pulsations of the world." In 1859 Tennyson's strong patriotic sentiment once more found expression in verse, this time inspired by the volunteer movement, the outcome of a period of political unrest and the feeling of the necessity of provision for national defence. The Times of March 9 printed The War (best known as Riflemen, Form !), a poem known to be by the Laureate, though unac- knowledged by him. Tennyson's interest in the vol- unteer force was keen and sustained. In 1867 he wrote to the late Colonel Richards : " I most heartily con- gratulate you on your having been able to do so much for your country ; and I hope that you will not cease * Aspects of Tennyson, Nineteenth Century (January, 1893). 28 A TENNYSON PRIMER. from your labours until it is the law of the land that every man child in it shall be trained to the use of arms." After the first volume of the Idylls of the King, Ten- nyson took another new departure in Sea Dreams, which, with Enoch Arden and Aylmer's Field, is an essay, not altogether successful, in decorative treatment of subjects taken from modern English life. His extra- ordinary versatility — at once a strength and a weak- ness — appears in the comparison of these poems with Tithonus, contributed at Thackeray's request to Corn- hill, the magazine of which he was at the time editor, and written in the same year as Sea Dreams. In the former we have a faultless rendering of one of the most beautiful of the classic myths, deepened and widened in its spiritual and moral significance, sub- dued in tone yet full of exquisite colour — in short, a poem in which Tennyson's genius displays itself in its most commanding presence ; in the other, as in Enoch Arden, the embroidered splendours of the form only serve to belittle or remove into the region of fantastic unreality the substance of the poem. In 1859, accompanied by his friend, Professor Pal- grave, Tennyson visited Portugal, and in 1861 revisit- ed the Pyrenees, whither in 1830, with Arthur Hal- lam, he had made the enthusiastic revolutionary ex- cursion of his youth. It was on this occasion that the lines In the Valley of Cauteretz,* commemorating that early journey, were composed. In 1864 Gari- baldi was a visitor at Farringford. As a memorial of his visit, and at Mrs. Tennyson's request, he planted in the grounds, already beautiful with ilex * See Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough, vol. i., pp. 264-69. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 29 and cedar, a WelUngtonia gtgantea. In the Demeter volume, Tennyson, in a poem to W. G. Palgrave ( To Ulysses), makes a graceful reference to the visit and the memorial act : "Or watch the waving pine which here The warrior of Caprera set, A name that earth will not forget Till Earth has rolled her latest year. " Except for such visits, occasional journeys abroad, and the publication of his poems, the Laureate's long life, like that of most men of letters, was a life of un- eventful years. In 1869 the even tenour of the home at Farringford was exchanged during the sum- mer and autumn months for Aldworth, a house built for the poet from designs by Mr. J. T. Kriowles on the borders of Sussex, near the village of Haslemere. Partly to provide a secluded retreat where, in his in- creasing horror of hero-worshippers, he might have a certain refuge, and partly for the sake of Mrs. Tenny- son's health, the change was made. As the years wore on Tennyson bore with decreasing patience the penalty of fame, and his dislike of publicity * may have had something to do with his refusal of a baronetcy twice offered him, in 1873, and again in 1874. The Laureate's contribution about this time to the " Eyre Defence Fund " occasioned much popular in- dignation. Eyre had entered Louth Grammar School shortly after the Tennysons left for Cambridge, and had in later life come prominently before the public eye by his prompt and decisive suppression of an in- surrection among the natives in Jamaica, where he was stationed. A charge of wanton cruelty was pre- ferred against Eyre by a large and influential body of * He occasionally visited the Metaphysical Society. 30 A TENNYSON PRIMER. religious sentimentalists ; and the action of Carlyle, Kingsley, Ruskin, and Tennyson in subscribing to a fund for his defence produced an almost fierce resent- ment. The Laureate's letter on the occasion is of more than passing interest: " I sent my small sub- scription as a tribute to the nobleness of the man, and as a protest against the spirit in which a servant of the State, who has saved to us one of the islands of the Empire and many English lives, seems to be hunted down. ... In the mean time, the outbreak of our Indian Mutiny remains as a warning to all but mad- men against want of vigour and swift decisiveness."* Of the lesser poems written by Tennyson during his epic and dramatic periods, by far the most remark- able is Lucretius. I am not sure that the poet's high- est reach is not attained in this, the most splendid of his masterly studies of classical subjects. No other poem displays his best qualities in such powerful combination, in such flawless perfection. Admirably balanced, magnificent in its metrical movement, and in its final version closed by perhaps the most dramatic touch in all Tennyson's poetry, it marks in my judg- ment the high-water mark of his achievement. Among his other poems there may be found some to equal, none, I think, to surpass it. In 1868 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow visited Tennyson at Farringford, whither the most distin- guished visitors to England now made a pilgrimage. An account of an expedition to the newly built and inaccessible Aldworth, made about this time by a party of guests, is given by Lord Houghton, one of their number : * Life of E. J. Eyre, late Governor of famaica, by Hamilton Hume. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 3 1 " Our expedition to Tennyson's was a moral suc- cess, but a physical failure ; for we had so bad a pair of posters that we regularly knocked up seven miles from the house, and should have had to walk there in the moonlight, if we had not met with a London cab. The bard was very agreeable, and his wife and son delightful. He has built himself a very handsome and commodious house in a most inaccessible site, with every comfort he can require, and every discom- fort to all who approach him. What can be more poetical ?" That in his poetry he had built himself an imper- ishable monument was never, it seems, a settled con- viction in Tennyson's mind. He was often visited by doubts regarding the enduring quality of his poetical achievement. Looking on The Dramas, one occasion at Aldworth, in company with its architect, Mr. Knowles, he said, " That house will last longer than I shall. It will last five hundred years." Ambitious to try his hand in the highest de- partment of literature, and uncertain how the work already done might fare at the hands of time, Tenny- son, led by the irony of fate, gave up some of the best years of his life to the composition of dramatic poetry, to which his genius cannot be said to have in- clined him, and in which he certainly attained no crown of lavish praise. Fine as are occasional pas- sages and dramatic as are many of the scenes in Queen Mary, Harold, and Becket, these plays are es- sentially poems upon which a dramatic form has been impressed, but impressed unconvincingly. Neither in action nor in presentation of character are we persuaded that they are dramatically conceived. Queen Mary, the play in which the author thought 32 A TENNYSON PRIMER. his character drawing at its best, was produced by Mr. Irving at the Lyceum in April 1876.* In spite of the excellence of the stage management, the representa- tion was a failure. Harold, in some respects a play of better construction for stage purposes, although abso- lutely inferior as poetry, followed, but in published form only, and has never been acted. But in the very hour of his failure as a dramatist Tennyson was engaged upon poems which were to prove how great an error he made in deserting the field best suited to his genius, and how much greater was the error of the critics who saw visible decline writ large upon his later work. " Eh ! he has got the grip of it," cried Carlyle when the ballad of The Revenge was read to him ; and many another friend, dissatisfied with the epic and the dramas, rejoiced over the marvellous virility of the verse collected in the volume entitled ^a//ai£r a«(/ CM^r Poems of 1880. This book was the first sign of the gorgeous Indian summer which was to diffuse its golden splendours over the remainder of Tennyson's career, and to end only with his life. For his genius there lay in wait no "winter of pale misfeature." In April, 1879, Charles Tennyson Turnerf died. At Grasby, where he had been rector, he left behind him many affectionate memories, and to the world of letters a reputation not indeed of such far-shining brilliance as his brother, but of tender and enduring ray. A collected edition of his poems, with Alfred's prefatory memorial lines " At Midnight," was pub- lished in the year following that of his death. Fred- erick, the eldest of this poetic brotherhood, still lives, * Tennyson thought Irving's Philip comparable to Salvini's Othello. t The name " Turner " was taken under the will of a relation, A TENNYSON PRIMER. 33 the author of many poems which, bearing any name but that of Tennyson, might have made the name illustrious. In The Falcon, 1879, called by Fanny Kemble "an exquisite little poem in action," the Laureate again essayed success as a dramatist, this time with a vastly less ambitious play ; a mere graceful poetic setting of a plot from Boccaccio, the ninth novel of the fifth day of his Decameron. The Falcon, too, like its predecessors, failed, and it was not until the production of a short tragedy of undoubted merit. The Cup, that success rewarded Tennyson's persever- ing efforts in the dramatic form. This play owed its public favour in some degree to the actors and to the management under which it was produced in a style of profuse magnificence. In 1880 Tennyson was invited to become a candi- date for the Lord Rectorship of the University of Glasgow, but declined the honour of a nomination on hearing that he was to be the candidate of the Con- servative Party, in the following terms : " I only consented to stand for your Lord Rectorship when informed by the letter of introduction which your agreeable deputation brought, that my nomination was ' supported by a large majority, if not the total- ity of the students of Glasgow.' It now seems neces- sary that I should, by standing at your invitation, appear, what I have steadfastly refused to be — a party candidate for the Conservative Club. . . . You are probably aware that some years ago the Glasgow Liberals asked me to be their candidate, and that I, in like manner, declined ; yet I would gladly accept a nomination, after what has occurred on this occasion, if at any time a body of students, bearing no political 34 A TENNYSON PRIMER. party name, should wish to nominate me, or if both Liberals and Conservatives should ever happen to agree in foregoing the excitement of a political con- test, and in desiring a Lord Rector who would not appear for installation, and who would, in fact, be a mere roi fainSant, with nothing but the literary merits you are good enough to appreciate." The note struck by Tennyson in the Ballads and Other Poems was a fuller, richer, deeper note than had yet been heard in his poetry. The voice that spoke in it was a manlier voice. The dreamy melody of the verse of his youth had given place to a more strenu- ous music and themes of graver human interest. Had his career closed before 1880, it might fairly have been said of him that he had given the best he had to give, that nothing more was to be expected. There is not, I think, in the history of literature so signal an example of poetic power steadily advancing in strength and compass through so long a life, and until its very close. Or if there be, to find a par- allel we shall need to journey far : Tennyson is only matched by Sophocles. In 1882, under the direction of Mrs. Bernard Beere, The Promise of May, Tennyson's fifth drama — a prose one this time — was produced at the Globe Theatre, and proved a luckless failure. It was popularly though wrongly supposed* that, in the character of ' Edgar,' Tennyson intended to pourtray the ordinary agnostic, and the portrait was regarded as unnecessarily insult- ing. Much excitement was caused on the fourth night of the representation by an interruption from * In a. letter to Mr. Hall Caine, Tennyson wrote : " I meant Edgar to be a shallow enough theorist. I never could have thought that he would have been taken for an ' ordinary freethinker.' " A TENNYSON PRIMER. 35 the Marquis of Queensberry, who rose in the theatre and exclaimed, " I am an agnostic, and I protest against Mr. Tennyson's gross caricature of our creed." The transient decline in popularity produced by this play and by the general ill success of Tennyson's dramas, was increased when, on his return from a yachting cruise to Copenhagen with Mr. Gladstone, he accepted a peerage. The Poet-Peer's attendance at the debates in the House of Lords was very rare ; on one occasion he took part in a division, voting for a measure in extension of the franchise ; on another he paired in favour of the " Deceased Wife's Sister" bill. The Laureate's sixth drama, Becket, was published in 1884. It is pleasing to record the graceful act of courtesy done his old friend, Mr. Aubrey de Vere, in connexion with its composition. " He would not write it," says Mr. de Vere in a private letter, "till he ascertained from me (my Thomas of Canterbury had been published a few years earlier) that, so far' from being annoyed at his writing on the same great man, I should much rejoice at it." Of the remaining years of Tennyson's life there is little for the unofficial biographer to record save the publication of successive volumes of a veteran poet's verse, which never lost its charm, while it grew in power and drew at last to an almost tri- umphant close. It is good to think that -^^^ Tennyson, like Shakespere, in his latest work delivered a message of hope to the human race, a message even prophetic in its tone of deep and sol- emn assurance. The Tiresias volume (1885), fitly dedicated to Robert Browning, contained among 36 A TENNYSON PRIMER. many noble and striking poems one in particular, The Ancient Sage, which, to me at least, seems to sum up all that is noblest and best in the life-teaching of Tennyson. It is of interest to note that in this year he ex- pressed his opinion in very definite language of the proposal to disestablish the English State Church. " I believe," he wrote, " that the disestablishment and disendowment of the Church would prelude the down- fall of much that is greatest and best in England."* Tennyson was given to expressing his opinions strongly and with no uncertain note. When the news of the persecution of the Russian Jews reached Eng- land in 1891, " I can only say," he wrote, "that Russia has disgraced her church and her nationality. I once met the Czar. He seemed a kind and good-natured man. I can scarcely believe that he is fully aware of the barbarities perpetrated.with his apparent sanction." In 1886 Lionel Tennyson died on his voyage home from fever contracted in India, where he had been as a member of the Viceroy's staff. His death was the one great trial of the poet's declining years, and is the main theme of the pathetic poem dedicating the £)e- tnetervolume (1889) to the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. " For he — your India was his Fate, And drew him over sea to you — He fain had ranged her thro' and thro' To serve her myriads and the State. ****** " But while my life's late eve endures, Nor settles into hueless grey. My memories of his briefer day Will mix with love for you and yours." * Letter to Mr. Bosworth Smith. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 37 Among the visitors to Farringford and Haslemere during the last years of Tennyson's life were his old friends, the Duke of Argyll, Professor Jowett, and Mr. Theodore Watts, and from across the Atlantic jour- neyed a welcome guest in Oliver Wendell Holmes. Just before his own death in December, 1889, Brown- ing wrote his last letter to Tennyson on the occasion of the Laureate's eightieth birthday : " My dear Tennyson : To-morrow is your birthday, indeed a memorable one. Let me say I associate my- self with the universal pride of our country in your glory, and in its hope that for many and many a year we may have your very self among us — secure that your poetry will be a wonder and delight to all those appointed to come after. And for my own part, let me further say, I have loved you dearly. May God t>less you and yours." The closing years of Tennyson's life found him beloved, honoured, venerated by an inner circle of close friends, amongst whose names appear almost all those of his distinguished contemporaries, and by an ever-widening circle of readers in the English- speaking countries, for whom he stood as the truest interpreter of the thought and sentiment of his age. His poems were read with equal pleasure in the scholar's study, in the poor man's cottage, and in the palaces of kings. Tennyson was no less at home in the society of the artizan or labourer than in that of men of rank or scholarship, and the natural direct- ness and simple humanity which distinguished his character are perhaps nowhere better displayed than in his relations with the Queen, between whom and the poet there existed for many years a close bond of 38 A TENNYSON PRIMER. sympathy and affection, without a trace of patronage on the one side or of mere conventional loyalty on the other. The Queen's womanliness, the poet's manliness, shine through all the records of their con- versation and correspondence. Versatile and graceful to the last, even in fields re- mote from that of his power, he published in 1892 his last drama, The Foresters, a romantic pastoral play, which achieved a brilliant success when produced by Mr. Daly in New York, with Miss Ada Rehan as Maid Marian. Sherwood Forest, Robin Hood, Maid Marian, and the life under the greenwood tree must have conveyed something of the charm of English country life in the olden time to American audiences, whose ancestors' life indeed it was. But the harp from whose magic strings flowed the ever-varying, ever-melodious music that had seemed in English ears the sweetest of its time, was soon to be silent. In the autumn of 1892, but a few weeks before the publication of The Death of CEnone and Akbars Dream, rumours were heard of the poet's ill- ness, and on October 6, before dawn, but in a room flooded with the quiet moonlight, the end came. He was buried among his peers and beside his friend, Robert Browning, in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. CHAPTER II. In the spring of 1827, Charles and Alfred Tenny- son were partners in a literary venture. The preface to the volume, which had for motto the line from Martial, " Htec nos novimus esse nihil," Stated that the " poems were written from the ages of fifteen to eighteen, not conjointly, but individually." In Messrs. Macmillan's ' arose from the silent analytical promptings of that poetic genius which, in its supreme development, em- bodies all orders of intellectual capacity."* In that mu- sical dream, The Lady of Shalott,\ in the subtile mod- * New York Democratic Review, December, 1844. f The original version of this poem differs from the final in sixty or seventy lines. The following was the concluding stanza in the early edition : " They crossed themselves, their stars they blest, Knight, minstrel, abbot, squire, and guest ; There lay a parchment on her breast. That puzzled more than all the rest The well-fed wits at Camelot. ' The web was woven curiously. The charm is broken utterly ; Draw near and fear not, this is I, The Lady of Shalott.' " How Tennyson could polish -a. pebble until it became a gem is nowhere better illustrated than by a comparison of this with the following stanza : " Who is this ? and what is here ? And in the lighted palace near Died the sound of royal cheer ; And they cross'd themselves for fear. All the knights at Camelot : But Lancelot mused a little space ; He said, ' She has a lovely face ; God in his mercy lend her grace, TheLady of Shalott.'" Shalott is a form of Astolat. The poem was suggested by an Italian romance — Donna di Scalotta, but modified in the later version to a closer resemblance with the story of Elaine. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 49 ulation, the harmonies and cadences of The Lotos- Eaters* in the finely drawn portraits of The Dream of Fair Women, and especially in the highly wrought beauty and deep moral significance of the allegory presented in The Palace nzial. London : W. Marshall, I Holborn A Fragment. ) Bars, MDCCCXXXI. Sonnet, " Check every outflash, every ruder sally." Printed in The Englishman's Magazine (Augasi). Reprinted, 1833, in Friendship's Offering, p. 29. Review of Poems, chiefly Lyrical, in The Westminster Re- view (January) ; in The Tatler (February 24 and succeed- ing numbers), by Leigh Hunt, and in The Englishman's Magazine (August), by A. H. Hallam {On Some of the Characteristics of Modern Poetry and on the Lyrical Poems of Alfred Tennyson). The Rev. George Clayton Tennyson, the poet's father, died, March 16, aged 52. 1832. Poems, by Alfred Tennyson. London : Edward Moxon, 64 New Bond Street, MDCCCXXXIII., pp. 163, leaf of contents, title, and half title. Published in winter of 1832 and post-dated. Sonnet, ' ' There are three things which fill my heart with sighs." Printed in the Yorkshire Literary Annual (ed- ited by C. F. Edgar). London : Longmans & Co., p. 127. Sonnet, "Me, my own fate to lasting sorrow doometh. " Printed in Friendship' s Offering, a literary album. Lon- don : Smith, Elder & Co., p. 367. Review of Poems (1B33) in Blackwood's Magazine (May), by Christopher North (Professor Wilson). Reprinted in works of Professor Wilson, vol. vi., pp. 109-152. Review of Poems (1833) in Athenaum (December i). Arthur Hallam graduated at Cambridge. A guest at Som- ersby. 1833. The Lover's Tale, by Alfred Tennyson. Loidon : Ed- ward Moxon, 64 New Bond Street, MDCCC'kXXIIL, pp. 60. (Suppressed and withdrawn from the press.) Review of Poems (1833) in The Quarterl (July), attributed to John Gibson Lockhart, the editor. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 149 Review of Poems, chiefly Lyrical, by W. J. Fox in The Monthly Repository (January). Arthur Henry Hallam died at Vienna, September 15. 1834. Mrs. Tennyson removed to Cheltenham, after three years at Boxley, near Maidstone. 1835. Review of Tennyson's Poems in The London Reviem, (after- wards merged in The Westminster Review) (July), by John Stuart Mill. Tennyson visited Cumberland. 1836. Charles Tennyson Turner married Louisa Sellwood, sister of Emily, who became the wife of Alfred Tennyson. 1837. St. Agnes. Printed in The Keepsake as St. Agne^ Eve (edited by I.ady E. S. Wortley). London : Longmans. Stanzas, "O that 'twere possible." Printed in The Tribute: a Collection of Poems by Various Authors (ed. by Lord Northampton). Murray, pp. 244-250. Notice of Tennyson in The Edinburgh Review (October). Tennyson family left Somersby for High Beech, Essex. 1838. Tennyson appears as a member of the Anonymous Club. 1842. Poems, by Alfred Tennyson. In two volumes. London: Edward Moxon, Dover Street, MDCCCXLH., pp. vii., 233, vii., 231. Morte d! Arthur, Dora and Other Idylls, privately printed for the author's use. Review of 1842 i'tf^OTj in The Westminster Review (October), by Richard Monckton Milnes (Lord Houghton). Review in The Quarterly by John Sterling, vol. Ixx., pp. 385-416. Reprinted in Sterling's Remains, vol. i., pp. 422-462. Review in The Examiner (May). Review in Tail's Edinburgh Magazine (August). Review in The London University Magazine (December). Review in The Christian Examiner, Boston (November). Cecilia Tennyson married to Edward Law Lushington (Oc- tober). 1843. Poems, by Alfred Tennyson. 2 vols. 2d edition. Changes were introduced into The Blackbird, Walking to the Mail, The Day Dream, and The Two Voices. Bon Gaultier Ballads, by Theodore Martin and W. E. Aytoun, published in Tail's and Eraser's magazines. ISO A TENNYSON PRIMER. These contained parodies of several of Tennyson's poems. Review of Poems in The Edinburgh Review (July). Elizabeth Barrett (Browning) introduced to Tennyson. Tennyson meets Wordsworth. 1844. Portrait and notice of Tennyson in R. H. Home's A New Spirit of the Age. London; Smith, Elder & Co. Review of Tennyson in The Democratic Review (January), New York, by Mrs. Kemble. Marginalia, by Edgar Allan Poe, in the December num- ber of the same review, p. 580. 1845. Poems, by Alfred Tennyson. 2 vols. 3d edition. A note to the Idyll of Dora and The Ballad of Lady Clare omitted. Review of Poems in Chambers' Edinburgh Review (July). Tennyson's name was placed on the Civil List for a pension of ;£'200 a year by Sir Robert Peel. Tennyson satirised as Poet and Pensioner in The New Ti- mon : A Romance of London, by Sir E. B. Lytton. Lon- don : Henry Colburn. Living Poets, and their Services to the Cause of Political Freedom and Human Progress. No. IIL, Alfred Tennyson. Lectures addressed chiefly to the Working Classes, by W. J. Fox. Published from the reporter's notes. Lon- don, 1845, vol. i., pp. 248-265. 1846. Poems, by Alfred Tennyson. 2 vols. 4th edition. The Golden Year fast printed in this edition (the last in two volumes). The New Timon and the Poets. A reply to Bulwer Lytton, in Punch (February 28). Afterthought, in Punch (March 7). Keats and Tennyson. Conversations on the Poets, by J. R. Lowell, Cambridge, U. S., p. 104. 1847. The Princess : A Medley, by Alfred Tennyson. London : Edward Moxon, Dover Street, MDCCCXLVIL, pp. 164. Notice of Tennyson in William Hewitt's Homes and Haunts of the Most Eminent British Poets. London, 1847, vol. ii., pp. 452-470. 1848. The Princess : A Medley, by Alfred Tennyson. 2d edi- tion. With a Dedication to Henry Lushington. This edition contains a few slight verbal alterations. A TENNYSON PRIMER. ISI Poems, by Alfred Tennyson. 5th edition, pp. viii., 372. The first one-volume edition. Review of The Princess in Quarterly Review (March), at- tributed to Sara Coleridge. ' Review of The Princess in The North British Review (May). 1849. Lines to . " You might have won the poet's fame,'' in The Examiner (March). Reprinted in 4th edition oi Poems, 1850. The Living Authors of England (Tennyson, pp. 36-60), by T. Powell, New York. Review of Poems in Blackwood' s Magazine (April). Review of Poems in The Westminster Review (July). Review of The Princess in The Edinburgh Review (October). Review of The Princess in The New Englander, by Pro- fessor Hadley, of Yale. 1850. In Memoriam. London : Edward Moxon, pp. vii., 210. (Anonymous.) The 2d and 3d editions unaltered save by the correction of two misprints. The Princess. 3d edition. (Partly rewritten and much al- tered ; the songs added.) Poems. 6th edition, pp. 374. Addition of lines, " You might have won the poet's name." Lines, " Here often, when a child, I lay reclined." Printed in The Manchester Athenceum Album. Alfred Tennyson married to Emily Sellwood, June 13, in Shiplake Church, Oxfordshire. Settled at Chapel House, Twickenham, after a journey to Italy. Alfred Tennyson appointed Poet Laureate, November ig, to succeed William Wordsworth, who died April 23. Tennyson, in Eraser's Magazine (September), by Charles Kingsley. Review of In Memoriam in Tail's Edinburgh Magazine (August). Review of In Memoriam in Sharpe's London Magazine (Au- gust). Review of In Memoriam in The Westminster Review (Oc- tober). Review of In Memoriam in Dublin University Magazine (August). 1851. The Princess. 4th edition, pp. 182. Passages added IS2 A TENNYSON PRIMER. describing the Prince's weird seizures, and the fourth song altered. In Memoriam. 4th edition. Sec. lix. added(" O Sorrow, wilt thou live with me ?"). Poems. 7th edition. The following poems added, To the Queen ; Edwin Morris, or the Lake; Come Not when I am Dead, and The Eagle. Stanzas, "What time I wasted youthful hours," and " Come not when I am dead." Printed in The Keepsake (edited by Miss Power). London : David Bogue, p. 22. Sonnet to W. C. Macready, read by John Forster at the farewell dinner to the actor. Printed in The Household Narrative of Current Events (February, March), in The PeopWs Journal (^AfxiX), and elsewhere. Review of In Memoriam in The People's and HowitCs Jour- nal (May). Five papers on Tennyson's Princess in the Christian So- cialist (September to November), by Gerald Massey. Tennyson presented to the Queen at Buckingham Palace, March 6. 1852. Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington, by Al- fred Tennyson, Poet Laureate. London : Edward Mox- on, pp. 16. Stanzas, "Britons, guard your own," in The Examiner (January 31). Lines, " Third of February, 1852," and "Hands AH Round," in The Examiner (February 7). (These three poems were over the signature of " Merlin.") A Second Gallery of Literary Portraits, Edinburgh, by George Gilfillan (Tennyson, pp. 148-159). Literary Recreations, by D. L. Richardson. (Criticism of the Day and Tennyson, pp. 291-305.) London : Thacker & Co. Hallam, Tennyson's eldest son (now Lord Tennyson), born at Twickenham (August). 1853. Poems. 8th edition, pp. 379. Poem, 5Va i^amVj (1830 vol.) restored ; A Dream of Fair Women, and To the Queen altered ; To E. L., on his Travels in Greece, added. The Princess. 5th edition, pp. 183. Passage from the " gallant, glorious chronicle" added in the Prologue. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 153 An Essay on the Characteristic Errors of our Most Dis- tinguished Living Poets, by Nicholas J. Gannon, Dublin, pp. 49. Sketches of the Poetical Literature of the Past Half Century, by D. M. Moir. Edinburgh and London : Blackwood & Sons. (Tennyson, pp. 307-317.) Translation : Gedichte ilbersetzt von W. Hertzberg. Dessau. Bought, and went to reside at, Farringford, Freshwater, Isle of Wight. Tennyson visited the Western Highlands, Staffaand lona. 1854. The Charge of the Light Brigade. First printed in The Examiner (December 9). A thousand copies on a quarto sheet (August, 1855), with a note by the author, printed for distribution among the soldiers before Sebas- topol. Days and Hours, by Frederick Tennyson. - London : John W. Parker & Son, West Strand, pp. viii., 346. Dedication by Frederick Denison Maurice of his Theological Essays to Tennyson. Lionel, Tennyson's second son, born at Farringford. Translation : In Memoriam aus dem Englischen. Braun- schweig. 1855. Maud, and other Poems, by Alfred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laureate. London : Edward Moxon, pp. 154. Review of The Poetry of Alfred Tennyson, by Gerald Massey, in Hogg's Instructor (July). Review of Maud in Blackwood's Magazine (September). Review of Maud in Dublin University Magazine (Septem- ber). Review of Maud in The Edinburgh Review (October). Review of Maud in Eraser's Magazine (September). Review of Maud in The National Review (October). Review of Maud in The North American Review (October), by the Rev. E. E. Hale. Essay on Tennyson, by George Brimley, published in Cam- bridge Essays. Reprinted in Brimley's Collected Essays. The University of Oxford conferred the D.C.L. upon Ten- nyson at the May Commencements. 1856. Maud, and other Poems. 2d edition, with considerable alteration and enlargement, pp. 164. 1^4 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Alfred Tennyson : An Essay. In three parts. By W. Fulford in the Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, pp. 7, 73. 136. English Traits, by Ralph Waldo Emerson. (Tennyson in Literature article. Works. Vol. ii., pp. 114-115.) Tennyson's Maud Vindicated, The Spirit and Purpose of Maud, by R. J. Mann, M.D. London : Jarrold & Son, pp. 78. Anti-Maud, by a Poet of the People. 2d edition. London : L. Booth, pp. 30. Defence of Maud in an anonymous volume of poems, en- titled lonica, in verses entitled After Reading Maud, September, 1855. Review of Maud in the London University Magazine (May). Notice of Tennyson in The National Magazine (November). 1857. Enid and Nimue ; or. The True and the False. Two idylls privately printed (probably intended for publication and withdrawn for alterations), pp. 139. Poems, by A. Tennyson, with engraving of bust by Woolner, and illustrations by various artists, pp. xiii., 375. Edward Moxon, 1857, 8vo. Notice of Tennyson in the London University Magazine (April). Lectures and Miscellanies, by H. W. Freeland, M.A., London : Longmans & Co. (Tennyson's In Memoriam, pp. 194-200.) Bayard Taylor visited Tennyson at Farringford (June). See Bayard Taylor's At Home and Abroad, p. 372. 1858. Two stanzas on the marriage of the Princess Royal, added by Tennyson to the National Anthem, January 28, 1858. Printed in the newspapers of January 29. Notice of Ten- nyson by the Rev. F. W. Robertson in his Lectures and Addresses. London : Smith, Elder & Co., pp. 124-141. On June 22 Clough "heard Tennyson read a third Arthur poem — the detection of Guinevere, and the last interview with Arthur." (Remains of A. H. Clough, vol. i., p. 235.) Prince Albert visited Tennyson at Farringford. Tennyson visited Inverary as the guest of the Duke of Argyll. 1859. Idylls of the King, by Alfred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laureate. London : Edward Moxon & Co., pp. 261. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 155 Verses, The War (" There is a sound of thunder afar"). Printed in The Times (May 9), signed "T." Acknowl- edged by Tennyson, 1891. Verses, The Grandmother' s Apology. With an illustration by J. E. Millais. Printed in Once a Week (July 16). Now entitled The Grandmother. Tennyson and his Teachers, by Peter Bayne, M.A. James Hogg & Sons, Edinburgh and London, pp. 202-280. Review of Idylls of the King in The National Remew (Oc- tober), pp. 368-394. Review of Idylls of the King in Fraser's Magazine (Septem- ber). Review of Idylls of the King in Edinburgh Review (July). Review of Idylls of the King in the North British Review (August). Review of Idylls of the King in The New Rugbeian, by Warner Lee (September), pp. 267-271. Review of Idylls of the King in Blackwood' s Magazine (No- vember). Review of Idylls of the King in The Constitutional Press (September). Review of Tennyson's Poems in The Quarterly (October), pp. 454-485- Review of Tennyson in Meliora, a quarterly review of so- cial science (October). Article on The Politics of the Poet Laureate, by D. Owen Maddyn, in The Constitutional Press (June). Article on Moral Aspects of Mr. Tennyson's Idylls of the King, by J. M. Ludlow, Macmillan's Magazine (No- vember). Notice of Tennyson's Maud in Macmillan's Magazine (December), No. 2. Review of Tennyson's Poems, by John Nichol, in The Westminster Review (October). The Poetical Character, Illustrated from the Works of Al- fred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laureate, a lecture delivered at Sheffield, December 6, by the Rev. Alfred Gatty, M.A., Vicar of Ecclesfield. London : Bell & Daldy, i860, pp. 29. Translation: De Molenaar's-dochter ; door A. J. de Bull. Utrecht. 156 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Tennyson visited Portugal (Vigo, Lisbon, Cintra, and the Monastery of da Cortica) with Mr. F. T. Palgrave. (Ac- count by Mr. Palgrave in Under the Crown, a magazine, Nos. I and 2.) Dean Stanley visited Tennyson at Farringford. Tennyson's bust, by Woolner, presented to Trinity College, Cambridge. i860. Sea Dreams : An Idyll. Printed laMactnillan's Magazine (January). TlTHONUS. Printed in Cornhill Magazine, edited by W. M. Thackeray (February). Review of Poetical Works of Alfred Tennyson in The North American Review (January), by C. C. Everett. Moral Aspects of Tennyson's Idylls of the King, in Mac- millan's Magazine, by J. M. Ludlow, vol. i., pp. 65-72. Essay on Tennyson in Poems and Essays, by the late Will- iam Caldwell Roscoe, edited, with a prefatory memoir, by his brother-in-law, Richard Holt Hutton. London : Chapman & Hall, vol. ii., pp. 1-37. Tennyson visited Cornwall. 1861. Stanzas, The Sailor Boy. Printed in Victoria Regia, edited by Emily FaithfuU, Christmas. Lines, Helen's Tower, printed in quarto pamphlet by Lord Dufferin for private circulation. Essays on English Literature (Alirei Tennyson, pp. 248-276), by T. McNichoU. London : Pickering. Alfred Tennyson (and his wife) visited the Pyrenees, where he had been in the autumn of 1830 with Arthur Hallam. On this journey he wrote the lines, " In the Valley of Cauteretz," which have reference to his former visit with Hallam, On this journey the Tennysons met Arthur Hugh Clough travelling for his health. He died two months later. (See Remains of Arthur Hugh Clough, vol. i., pp. 264-269.) 1862. Idylls of the King. New edition. With a dedication to the memory of the late Prince Consort. "Ode: May the First, 1862" (Exhibition Ode). Sung at the opening of the International Exhibition. Printed in the daily papers. Accurate version in Eraser's Maga- zine (June). Poems, 1830, 1833. Privately printed, and suppressed. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 157 A Painter's Camp in the Highlands and Thoughts About Art, by Philip Gilbert Haraerton (Tennyson, Word Paint- ing and Colour Painting, vol. ii., pp. 252-269). An Introduction to English Literature from Chaucer to Ten- nyson, by Henry Reed. Index to In Memoriam. London : Edward Moxon & Co., pp. 40. Analysis of In Memoriam, by the late Rev. F. W. Rob- ertson, of Brighton. London : Smith, Elder & Co. Tennyson visited Derbyshire and Yorkshire. 1863. A Welcome (to the Princess Alexandra, March 7). Lon- don : Edward Moxon & Co., pp. 4. Attempts at Classic Metres in Quantity, in the Cornhill Magazine (December). An essay Concerning Cutting and Carving, hy A. K. H. B. (on the changes introduced by Tennyson into his poems), in Fraser s Magazine (February). Remains in Verse and Prose of Arthur Henry Hallam. London : John Murray. The third issue : the first two for private circulation. 1864. Enoch Arden, etc., by Alfred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laureate. London : Edward Moxon & Co., Dover Street, pp. 178. (This volume is dedicated to his wife.) Epitaph on the Late Duchess of Kent. Printed in The Court Journal (March 19). Also inscribed on Theed's statue at Frogmore. Review of Enoch Arden in The Westminster Review (Octo- ber). Review of Enoch Arden in Dublin University Magazine (October). Review of Enoch Arden in Black-wood's Magazine (No- vember). Review of Enoch Arden in The North British Revie-w (August). Review of Enoch Arden in the North American Review (October), by J. Russell Lowell. Review of Enoch Arden in Harper's Magazine (October), by George William Curtis. Review of Enoch Arden in the Nouvelle Revue de Paris (September), by A. Vermorel. 158 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Wordsworth, Tennyson, and Browning ; or, Pure, Ornate, and Grotesque Art, by Walter Bagehot, in The National Review (November). Reprinted in Bagehot's " Literary- Studies." Edited by R. H. Hutton, 1879. London : Longmans, Green & Co., vol. ii., pp. 338-390. Alfred Tennyson. A lecture by Henry Edward Watts, delivered at the Town Hall, Prahan, October 10. Mel- bourne : Samuel Mullen, Collins Street, East, p. 37. Tennyson s Northern Farmer, in Macmillan's Magazine (October), pp. 486-489. By J. M. Ludlow. Notice of Tennyson's work in H. Taine's Histoire de la Literature Anglaise. Paris, Tom. iv., pp. 431-483. Garibaldi visited Tennyson at Farringford (April 8), and planted a Wellingtonea gigantea in the grounds as a me- morial of his visit. See the reference to "the warrior of Caprera" in the poem, To Ulysses (Demeter, and other Poems, 1889). (Sonnets, by the Rev. Charles [Tennyson] Turner, Vicar of Grasby, Lincoln. London and Cambridge : Macmillan & Co., pp. viii., 102.) Dedicated to Alfred Tennyson. 1865. A Selection from the Works of Alfred Tennyson. London ; Edward Moxon & Co. , Dover Street, square i2mo, pp. 256. This volume contained sevennewpoems : The Captain, On a Mourner, Three Sonnets to a Coquette, Home they brought him slain with spears. (Rewritten for music. Another version, Home they brought her warrior dead, appeared in The Princess. The poem is a translation from the Anglo-Saxon Gndrun [see Conybeare's Anglo-Saxon Poetry'^. The Bibliography of Tennyson. By the Hon. J. Leicester Warren. Fortnightly Review (October). Three Great Teachers of Our Own Time (Carlyle, Tenny- son, and Ruskin), by Alexander H. Japp. London : Smith, Elder & Co., pp. 87-186. Tennyson elected a member of the Royal Society. Tennyson's mother died February 21, in her eighty-fifth year. Tennyson visited Weimar and Dresden. 1866. Tennysoniana : Notes Bibliographical and Critical on Early A TENNYSON PRIMER. 159 Poems of A If red and Charles Tennyson. Basil Montague Pickering, Piccadilly, London, W., pp. 170. By R. H. Shepperd. Published anonymously. Review of Enoch Arden in the London Quarterly Review (January). Paper On a Song in The Princess, in the Shilling Magazine (February), pp. 181-184, by George Grove. The Last Hundred Years of English Literature. Jena. By Charles Grant. (Tennyson, pp. 147-162.) Commentary on Tears, Idle Tears, in Macmillan's Mag- azine (November). Translation : Enoch Arden. Oversat of A. Munch. Co- penhagen. Tennyson visited Cambridge. 1867. The Window ; or, The Loves op the Wrens. By Alfred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laureate. Printed at the private press of Sir Ivor Bertie Guest, Bart, (now Lord Wim- borne), of Canford Manor, near Wimborne, Dorset, son of Lady Charlotte Guest, editor of the Mabinogion. With dedication and note. (These songs were written for music composed by Mr. Arthur [now Sir Arthur] Sullivan, and published in 1870.) The original edition was dedi- cated as follows : " These little songs, whose almost sole merit — at least till they are wedded to music — is that they are so excellently printed, J dedicate to the printer." Considerable changes were made in later editions. The Victim, by Alfred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laure- ate. Published at the same press. Review of Tennyson's Works in Afternoon Lectures on Lit- erature and Art (4th series), by J. K. Ingram, LL.D., Fellow of Trinity College, and Professor of English Lit- erature in the University of Dublin. London : Bell & Daldy, pp. 47-94. Studies in Tennyson, in Belgravia, by W. S. Lecture on "The Sonnets of Charles and Alfred Tennyson." By Richard Chenevix Trench (Archbishop of Dublin). Printed in Afternoon Lectures on Literature and Art (4th series). London : Bell & Daldy, p. 163. Translation : Enoch Arden. Ubersetet von R. Schell- wien. Quedlinburg^. l6o A TENNYSON PRIMER. Idylls of the King. Ubersetzt von W. Scholz. Berlin. Tennyson visited Dartmoor and Salcombe. In this year he purchased the Greenhill estate, on Block- down, in Sussex, three miles distant from the village of Haslemere, in Surrey. Here was built for him Aldworth (a summer and autumn residence) from the designs of his friend, Mr. J. T. Knowles, the editor of The Nineteenth Century. The Duke of Argyll, Mr. Gladstone, and Lord Houghton were guests at Farringford in July. 1868. The Victim. Printed in Good Words (January). On a Spiteful Letter. Printed in Once a Weeh {January).* Wages. Printed in Macmillan's Magazine (February). 1865-1866 (" I stood on a tower in the wet"). Printed in Good Words (March). (Since suppressed.) Lucretius. Printed in Macmillan' s Magazine (May), and New York, in Every Saturday (May). Article on The Arthurian Legends in Tennyson. By S. Cheetham, in The Contemporary Review (April). Paper On Mr. Tennyson's Lucretius, by Professor R. C. Jebb, in Macmillan' s Magazine (June). Review of Lucretius in London Quarterly Review (October) ; also in Tinsley's Magazine (July), pp. 610-616. A Study of the Works of Alfred Tennyson, by Edward Campbell Tainsh. London : Chapman & Hall. (En- larged editions published 1870 and 1892.) Jerrold, Tennyson, and Macaulay, with Other Critical Es- says, by James Hutchison Stirling, LL.D. Edinburgh : Edmonston & Douglas, pp. 51-111. Translation : Enoch Arden. Ubersetzt von R. Waldmiiller. Hamburg. Translation . Dora. Trad, di G. Zanella. Firenze. (In versi di Giacomo Zanella, vol. i.) {Small Tableaux, by the Rev. Charles [Tennyson] Turner, Vicar of Grasby, Lincoln. London : Macmillan & Co., pp. viii., 114.) Tennyson visited at Farringford by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. * In a letter to Once a Week Tennyson stated of this poem ; " It is no particular letter that I meant. I have dozens of them from one quarter or another." A TENNYSON PRIMER. l6l 1869. The Holy Grail, and Other Poems, by Alfred Tenny- son, D.C.L., Poet Laureate. London : Strahan & Co., 56 Ludgate Hill, pp. 222. This volume included The Victim, Wages, and Lucretius, The Northern Farmer, new style. The Golden Suffer, The Higher Pantheism, Flower in the Crannied Wall. Pocket edition of Complete Poems. Strahan, London. A Concordance to the Entire Works of Alfred Tennyson, by D. Barron Brightwell. Londop : E. Moxon, Son & Co., pp. 477. Paper on The Holy Grail in The Athenceum (December). Notice of Tennyson in an article, "The Poetry of the Period," by Alfred Austin, Temfle Bar (May). Mr. Tennyson and Mr. Browning, by Edward Dowden, M.A., Professor of English Literature, Trinity College, Dublin. Printed in Afternoon Lectures on Literature and Art (fifth series), pp. 139-179. Reprinted in Professor Dowden' s Studies in Literature, Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., London. Paper on Modern English Poets, in The Quarterly (April), pp. 328-359. Translation : Enoch Arden. Ubersetzt von F. W. Weber. Leipzig. Translation : Aylmer's Field. Ubersetzt von F. W. Weber. Leipzig. Translation : Henoch Arden, door S. J. van den Bergh. Hage. Tennyson visited North Wales. Elected an Honorary Fel- low of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1870. Article, The Idylls of the King, by Henry Alford, in The Contemporary Review (January). Paper, The Epic of Arthur, in the Edinburgh Review (April). Review of The Laureate and his Arthuriad in the London Quarterly Review (April). Modern Men of Letters Honestly Criticised, by J. Hain Friswell. London : Hodder & Stoughton. (Alfred Ten- nyson, pp. 145-156.) Paper, Alfred Tennyson, in the Nuova Antologia, Florence (February), by E. Camerini. Translation : Enoch Arden. Trad, par M. de la Rive. Paris. l62 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Sir John Simeon, Tennyson's friend and neighbour, died in Switzerland. The verses, " In the garden at Swainston," were composed at this time. 1871. The Last Tournament,* contributed to The Contemporary Review (December). Article, The Songs of the Wrens, by the Rev. H. R. Ha- weis, in The Saint Paul's Magazine (February). Our Living Poets : An Essay on Criticism, by H. Buxton Forman. London : Tinsley. (Alfred Tennyson, pp. 27- 69.) Mr. Tennyson's Poetry, in The North British Review {^3.Ti- uary), pp. 379-42S- Translation. La Cena d' Oro di Alfredo Tennyson. Trad. di Lodovico Biagi. Firenze. 1872. Gareth and Lynette, etc., by Alfred Tennyson, D.C.L., Poet Laureate. London : Strahan & Co., Ludgate Hill, pp. 136. Lines for the Opening of the International Exhibition. Library Edition of Tennyson's Works. 6 vols. Strahan & Co. (1872-73). (Several of the Juvenilia were re- stored in this edition. It included two early sonnets, Alexander and The Bridesmaid ; also The Third of Feb- ruary, i8S2 [printed in Examiner, January, 1852, over the signature of Merlin, and now first acknowledged], Literary Squabbles [anonymously printed in Punch, March 7, 1846, as Afterthought^, verses. To the Queen, and some additional passages in " The Idylls of the King.") Review of Tennyson's poetry in Macmillan' s Magazine (De- cember), by Richard Holt Hutton. Article, Tennyson's Charm, by Robert Buchanan, in The Saint Paul's Magazine (March). Tennyson visited Norway. Translations . Enoch Arden. Aylmer's Field ; Ausgewdhlte Dichtungen (1870), and Koenig's Idyllen (1872), von * As printed in the Review, the two lines, afterwards altered, following : ^' He rose, he turnM, then flinging round her neck, Claspt it," read; " But while he bowed himself to lay Warm kisses in the hollow of her throat." A TENNYSON PRIMER. 163 H. A. Feldmann. Hamburg. Ausgewdhlte Gedichte, uber- setzt von M. Rugard. Elbing. 1873. A Comparative Estimate of Modern English Poets, by J. De- vey. E. Moxon, Son & Co. (Alfred Tennyson, pp. 275- 336.) Article, Mr. Tennyson as a Botanist, by J. Hutchison, in The Saint Paul's Magazine (October). Tennyson, by Walter Irving. Edinburgh : Maclachlan & Stewart, pp. 28. Notes and Marginalia, by J. H. Smith. London. Article, Lincolnshire Scenery and Character as Illustrated by Mr. Tennyson, by the Rev. Drummond Rawnsley, in Macmillan's Magazine (December). Master Spirits, by Robert Buchanan. London : Henry S. King & Co., pp. 349 ( Tennyson, Heine, and De Musset, pp. 54-88). Review of Idylls of the King in the Contemporary Review (May). Gareth and Lynette, in The Spectator and The Athenaum. 1874. A Welcome to Marie Alexandrovna, Duchess of Edin- burgh. Printed in The Times, and separately on a single sheet. (Cabinet edition of Tennyson's works. H. S. King & Co. In this edition appeared the poem in memory of Sir John Simeon, In the Garden at Swainston ; also The Voice and the Peak, England and America in ijSs, and an addi- tional passage in Merlin and Vivien.) Translation ■' Zum Geddchtniss, von Agnes von Bohlen. Berlin. 1875. Queen Mary : A Drama, by Alfred Tennyson. London : H. S. King & Co., pp. viii., 278. Prefatory sonnet to Lord Lyttelton's Memoir of W. H. Brookfield, prefixed to a volume of his " Sermons'' (' ' Brooks, for they called you so that knew you best"). {The Poetical Works of Alfred Tennyson. H. S. King & Co., 6 vols., 1875-1877. In this edition Maud was for the first time entitled ^aa^.' A Monodrama. Changes were made in the text of various poems.) Author's edition in 4 vols. H. S. King & Co. Notes on Queen Mary, in Macmillan's Magazine. 1 64 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Review of Queeti Mary in The Academy, by Mr. Andrew Lang. Review of Queen Mary in The Quarterly Review (July), pp. 231-248. Victorian Poets, by Edmund Clarence Stedman. Boston : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. London : Chatto & Windus, 1876. Tlie fifth and sixth chapters deal with the poetry of Tennyson. The Religion of our Literature : Essays upon Carlyle, Browning, and Tennyson, by George McCrie. London : Hodder & Stoughton (Tennyson, pp. 1 10-180). Article, Virgil and Tennyson, in Blackwood's Magazine (November), by " A Lincolnshire Rector" — the Rev. Drummond Rawnsley. Translations : The May Queen, af. A. Falck. Christiania. — Enid and Elaine, translated by L. Gisbert. — The May Queen, trad, dei Marchesi Luigi e Raniero de Calboli. Roma. 1876. Harold : A Drama, by Alfred Tennyson. London : Henry S. King & Co., 1877 (post-dated), pp. viii., 161. Queen Mary was produced under the management of Mr. Henry Irving at the Lyceum in April. Tennyson again visited the Pyrenees. Browning dedicated the two volumes of his "Selections" "To Alfred Tennyson: In Poetry, illustrious and con- summate ; in Friendship, noble and sincere." Translations : Idilli, Lirichi, Miti, e Legende, Enoc Arden, Quadri Dramatici. Traduzioni di Carlo Faccioli. Ve- rona. — Firenze, Successori le Monnier, pp. 441 (2d edition, 1879). — Enoch Arden di Alfredo Tennyson: Recats in versi Italiani di Angelo Saggioni. Padova, 1876. — Stabil- imenti Prosperini, pp. 51. Nozze Scopoli-Naccari. — Ko- nung Arthur och haus Riddare. Upsala. — Idyller om Kong Arthur, af A. Munch. Copenhagen. ^Enoch Arden : deutsch von A. Strodtmann. Berlin. 1877. Prefatory Sonnet to The Nineteenth Century (first number, March), edited by Mr. J. T. Knowles. Sonnet, Montenegro, in The Nineteenth Century (May). Sonnet, TV) Victor Hugo, in The Nineteenth Century Qrnie). The Works of A. Tennyson. 7 vols. H. S. King. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 165 Translation : Achilles over the Trench [Iliad, Book 18), in The Nineteenth Century (August). Lines in memory of Sir John Franklin on the cenotaph in Westminster Abbey. Review of Harold in The Academy, by John Addington Symonds. Article on Tennyson in The International Review, New York (May), by Bayard Taylor, vol. iv., pp. 397-418. Longfellow's Sonnet to Tennyson, entitled Wapentake, printed in The Atlantic Monthly (December). Translation : Sea Dreams, Aylmer's Field, af. F. L. Myns- ter. — Elaine. A. Hjelmstjerna. 1878. Sir Richard Grenville : A Ballad of the Fleet, printed in The Nineteenth Century (March) (afterwards named The Revenge). The Poetical Works of Alfred Tennyson, 13 vols. London : Kegan Paul & Co., 1878-1882. Studies in the Idylls : An Essay on Mr. Tennyson's Idylls of the King, by Henry Elsdale. London : H. S. King & Co., pp. vii., 197. Article on Tennyson, in The Literary World (September), by P. Bayne. Tennyson visited Ireland. Lionel Tennyson married Miss Eleanor Locker. 1879. The Lover's Tale, by Alfred Tennyson. London: Kegan Paul & Co., pp. 95. Dedicatory Poem to the Princess Alice. The Defence of Lucknow, printed in The Nineteenth Cen- tury (April). The Falcon, produced at the St. James' Theatre, with Mrs. Kendal in the part of the heroine (December). Lessons from, my Masters {Catlyle, Tennyson, and Ruskin), by Peter Bayne. London : John Clarke & Co., pp. 437. The Poets Laureate of England, by Walter Hamilton (Al- fred Tennyson, pp. 263-300). Tennysoniana. 2d edition, enlarged (R. H. Shepherd). Notice of The Lover's Tale in The Academy, by Edmund Gosse. Notice of The Lover's Tale in The Congregationalist, vol. viii., pp. 672-681. l66 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Notice of The Lover's Tale in Fraser's Magazine, vol. c, pp. 110-116. Notice of The Lover's Tale in The Canadian Monthly, vol. xvi., pp. 221-223. Sketch of the Life of Tennyson in The Atlantic Monthly' Vol. cxliv, pp. 356-361, by J. H. Ward. The Tennyson Birthday Book, edited by Emily Shakspear. London. The Rev. Charles Tennyson Turner died April 15. 1880. Ballads, and Other Poems, by Alfred Tennyson, pp. vi., 184. London : Kegan Paul & Co. The Works of Alfred Tennyson, with portrait and illustra- tions, I vol., pp. iv., 665. London : Kegan Paul & Co., i88i (1880). Poem, De Profundis, printed in The Nineteenth Century (May). Lines, Midnight, yune 30, 1879, prefixed to collected son- nets, old and new, by Charles Tennyson Turner. Lon- don : Kegan Paul & Co., pp. xxii., 390. Two poems (The City Child and Minnie and Winnie^, printed in St. Nicholas, an American magazine for chil- dren. Set to music by Mrs Tennyson. Translation: Harald : Ein Drama. Deutsch von A. Graf Wickenburg, pp. 137. Hamburg (printed Altona). Poets in the Pulpit, by the Rev. H. R. Haweis, London (Tennyson, pp. 33-115). A New Study of Tennyson, by J. Churton Collins, in The Cornhill Magazine (January and July, and July, 1881). Same articles in Littell's Living Age, vol. cxlvi. Sonnet, by Theodore Watts, " To Alfred Tennyson, on his publishing, in his seventy-first year, the most richly various volume of English verse that has appeared in his own century." Review of Tennyson's Poems (with portrait) in the British Quarterly Review, The same article in Littell's Living Age (December), Potter's American Monthly, vol. xvi. Parody of Tennyson's Higher Pantheism in The Hepta- logia ; or, the Seven against Sense. (A. C. Swinburne.) 1B81. Despair, by Alfred Tennyson, printed in The Nineteenth Century (November). A TENNYSON PRIMER. 167 The Works of Alfred Tennyson. With Portrait and Illustrations. London : C. Kegan Paul & Co. The Cup, produced at the Lyceum Theatre by Henry Irv- ing (January 3). Alfred Tennyson, his Life and Works, by W. E. Wace. Edinburgh : Macniven & Wallace, pp. vii., 203. A Key to Tennyson's In Memoriam, by Alfred Gatty, pp. xi., 144. London : D. Bogue. Worksop (printed). (2d edition, new and revised. London : George Bell & Sons, 1882 ; 3d edition, pp. xxvii., 148, 1885.) Review of Ballads, and Other Poems, in The Edinburgh Re- view, vol. cliv., pp. 486-515. Review oiBallads, and Other Poems, in The International Re- view, vol. X., pp. 178-183. Article on Tennyson' s Ballads in The Congregationalist, vol. X., pp. 53-6o- Article on The Cup ia Appleton's fournal{itom The Satur- day Review), vol. XXV., pp. 253-256. "The Performance of The Cup at the Lyceum," in Saint fames' Magazine , vol. xlviii., pp. 195-203. Article on The Idylls of the King, by R. W. Boodle, in The Canadian Monthly, vol. xix., pp. 379-398. Article on Tennyson and Musset in The Fortnightly Review (February), by A. C. Swinburne. (Reprinted in Swin- burne's Miscellanies^ Same article Jn Eclectic Magazine, vol. xcvi., pp. 600-616. A Study of Tennyson, by R. H. Stoddard, in The North American Review (July), pp. 82-107. Article on Mr. Tennyson's New Volume in Macmillan's Magazine (January), by Sidney Colvin. Travesty of Despair, by A. C. Swinburne, in The Fortnightly Review, entitled Disgust (October). Atheism and Suicide. A Reply to Mr. Tennyson, pp. 8, by G. W. Foote. London : Freethought Publishing Co. The De Profundis of Alfred Tennyson : Remodelled by Metamorphosis. London : E. W. Allen. Papers on Tennyson in Colburn's New Monthly Magazine, vol. clxix., pp. 47-68 ; 131-147 ; 241-257. Review of Ballads, and Other Poems. Articolo critico di l68 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Enrico Nencioni, nel Fanfulla della Domenica. Rome. (April.) Translation : Maria Tudor. Historische Drama i feur Akter. Oversat af. F. L. Mynster (in verse), pp. 280. Kjbenham. Translation . La Carica della Brigata Lygkt. Le Due Sorelle. In Fiori del nord : Versione di Moderne Poesie Tedesche e Jnglese di Pietro Turati. Milano, pp. 133- 137- Tennyson elected Vice-President of the Welsh National Eisteddfod. 1882. The Promise of May produced at the Globe Theatre under the management of Mrs. Bernard Beere. The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, printed in Macmillan' s Magazine (March). Lines To Virgil, in The Nineteenth Century (September). English Dramatists of To-day, by William Archer. (Ten- nyson, pp. 334-351.) A Study of The Princess, by S. E. Dawson. London : Sampson Low & Co., pp. 120 (also Montreal : Dawson Brothers). A Lecture on The Religious Significance of Tennyson's Despair, by Thomas Walker. London : Eliot Stock, pp. 32. Notice of Tennyson's Despair in The Modern Review, vol. iii., pp. 462-473. By C. Shakspeare. Notice of Tennyson's Despair in The Congregationalist, vol. ii., pp. 824-831. By J. H. Hallowell. Notice of Tennyson's Charge of the Heavy Brigade in The Literary World, vol. xiii., p. 97. By W. H. Chamberlain. Catholic Musings on Tennyson's In Memoriam, in The Catholic World, vol. xxxiv., pp. 205-211. The Literary Career of Tennyson, in The Literary World, vol. xiii., pp. 280, 281. Review of The Promise of May,\n The Academy, vol. xxii., pp. 370, 371, by F. Wedmore. Review of The Promise of May in The Saturday Review, vol. liv., pp. 670, 671. Review of The Promise of May in The Spectator, vol. Iv., pp. 1474, 1475. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 169 An article on Maud in Domenica Litteraria, Rome (March 19)1 by Enrico Nencioni. Translation : Henoch Arden. . . . In het Nederlandsch be- ■werkt door J. L. Wertheim, pp. 53. Amsterdam. Tennyson visited Lombardy. Lines, Frater Ave atque Vale, printed in The Nineteenth Century (March). Poems, by Alfred Tennyson, 2 vols. London : Kegan Paul & Co. (50 copies on large paper.) 1883. Article on Tennyson in The Overland Monthly (U. S.), vol. i., pp. 17-33, by T. H. Rearden. Article on Tennyson, with portrait, in Harper's Monthly Magazine, vol. Ixviii., pp. 21-41, by Anne Thackeray Ritchie. Paper on Tennyson and Milton, in The Presbyterian Re- view, vol. iv., pp. 681-709, by H. J. Van Dyke. (Re- printed in The Poetry of Tennyson. London : Elkin Mathews & John Lane.) Articles on Tennyson as a Plagiarist, in The Literary World, vol. xiv., p. 291 ; vol. xiv., pp. 272, 273, by E. L. Didier ; vol. xiv., pp. 327, 328, by J. Hooper. Article on Tennyson's Acceptance of a Peerage in The Sat- urday Review, vol. Ivi., pp. 751, 752. Article on Tennyson's Acceptance of a Peerage in The Spectator, vol. Ivi., pp. 1577, 1578. Article on Tennyson's Poems in The Spectator, vol. Ivi., pp. 355-357- The Earlier and Less-known Poems of Tennyson, by C. E. Mathews. Birmingham, pp. 34. Articles on In Memoriam and The Idylls of the King in Fanfulla della Domenica, by Enrico Nencioni. Rome. (May and September.) Translations : Vier Idyllen van Konig Arthur. (A Dutch translation in prose, pp. viii., 116.) Amsterdam. Poemas . . . Enoch Arden, Gareth y Lynette, Merlin y Bibiana, La Reina Ginebra, Dora, La Maya, puestos en Castellano (in prose) por D. V. de Arana, / illustrados con dibujos originales de D. J. Riudavets, etc., pp. 302. Barcelona. (Part of the " Biblioteca Verdaguer.") M lyo A TENNYSON PRIMER. Maj-dronningen . . . oversat af. F. L. Mynster, pp. I2. (No. 65 of " Den indre Missions Forlagsskrifter.") Tennyson took a house in Belgrave Square, London, and lived for some time in town. Tennyson accompanied Mr. W. E. Gladstone on a sea trip to Copenhagen. On his return he was offered and ac- cepted a peerage. Gazetted Baron of Aldworth and Far- ringford, January, 1884. 1884. The Cup and The Falcon, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate. London : Macmillan & Co., pp. 146 (printed in Edinburgh). Becket, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate. Lon- don : Macmillan & Co., pp. 213 (printed in Edinburgh). Lines, Early Spring, in an American periodical, The Youth's Companion. The following lines, written in youth, were published in a pamphlet (which also contained a poem by Browning) : " Not he that breaks the dams, but he That thro^ the channels of the State Conveys the people's wish is great ; His name is pure, his fame is free." * Introductory verses to Jiosa Rosarum, by E. V. B. (the Hon. Mrs. Boyle), published in this year. Freedom. Printed in Macmillan' s Magazine for December. The Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson (a new and revised edition in seven vols., and also in one vol.). London : Macmillan & Co. (printed in Edinburgh). The Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. School edition, 4 parts. London : Macmillan & Co. The Passing of Arthur, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. 24. Tennyson's In Memoriam — Its Purpose and Structure, by J. F. Genung. London: Macmillan & Co., pp. vi., 199 (also Boston, Mass. : Houghton & Co.). Lord Tennyson : A Biographical Sketch, by H. J. Jen- nings. London : Chatto & Windus, pp. vii., 270. * The pamphlet was published in connexion with at Shakespere exhibition at the Albert Hall in aid of the Chelsea Hospital for Women. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 171 Tennyson' s Allusions to Christ, by J. Hogben, in The Sun- day Magazine, vol. xiii. , pp. 761—764. Articles on Tennyson's Becket. The Academy, vol. xxvi. pp. 421, 422, by J. W. Mackail. Articles on Tennyson's Becket. The Saturday Review, vol Iviii., pp. 757, 758. Articles on Tennyson's Becket. The Spectator, vol. Ivii. pp. 1699, 1700. Articles on Tennyson's Cup and Falcon. The Spectator^ vol. Ivii., pp. 316, 317. Articles on Tennyson's Cup and Falcon. The Athenceum 1884, vol. i., pp. 319-321. Article on Tennyson's Holy Grail. The Congregationalist, vol. xiii., pp. 463-471, by H. Evans. Article on Tennyson's In Memoriam and the Bible. Quar- terly Review, vol. clviii., pp. 162-183. (Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. clxii., pp. 549-561.) The Genesis of TennysorC s Maud. The North American Review, vol. cxxxix., pp. 356-361, by R. H. Shepherd. Letter on Dawson's Study of Tennyson's Princess. The Academy, vol. xxv., p. 367. Tennyson on Dawson's Study of The Princess. The Critic, vol. iv., pp. 223, 224. Trifles by Tennyson. The Critic, vol. v., pp. 268, 269 ; vol. vi., pp. 301, 302, by W. J. Rolfe. " A respectful operatic perversion of Tennyson's ' Princess,' in three acts, entitled Princess Ida ; or. Castle Adamant," etc., by W. S. Gilbert. London: Chappel & Co., pp. 48. Parodies of the Works of American Authors, by Walter Hamilton. London. (Parodies of the poems of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, vol. i.) Translation . Koenigs Idyllen . In metrum des Orig. Hbers, von C. Weiser. Leipzig (1883-1886). Tennyson was elected President of the Society of Authors. Hon. Hallam Tennyson married Miss Audrey Boyle. 1885. TiRESlAS, AND OTHER PoBMS, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, D.C.L., P.L. London : Macmillan & Co., pp. viii., 203 (printed in Edinburgh). This volume bore the following dedication: "To my good friend, Robert Browning, 172 A TENNYSON PRIMER. whose genius and geniality will best appreciate what may be best and make most allowance for what may be worst, this volume is affectionately dedicated." Lyrical Poems. Selected and annotated by F. T. Palgrave. London : Macmillan & Co., pp. vii., 270. (Printed in Edinburgh.) (Part of the " Golden Treasury Series.") The Princess : A Medley. Edited with notes by W. J. Rolfe, with illustrations. J. R. Osgood & Co., Boston. (Printed in Cambridge, Mass.) The Poetical Works of Lord Tennyson. Complete edition from the author's text. Illustrated, etc. New York : T. Y. Crowell & Co., pp. viii., 896. (Printed .in Cam- bridge, Mass.) Tie Fleet, printed in The Times (April 23). " To H. R. H. Princess Beatrice" printed in The Times (July 23). Vastness, printed in Macmillan's Magazine (November). A Review of Tennyson' s Poetry in The Revue des Deux Mondes, by Aug. Filon, tom. Ixxi., pp. 70-101. A Review of Tennyson's Poetry in The Contemporary Re- view, by Hon. Roden Noel (February). (Reprinted in Essays and Poets, London, pp. 223-255 [1886]). Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. clxiv., and Eclectic Magazine, vol. civ. Review of Becket in The Catholic World, by M. F. Egan, vol. xlii., pp. 382-395. Review of Becket in The Month, by C. Nicholson, vol. XXXV., pp. 509-520. Review of Becket in The Athenaum, 1885, vol. i., pp. 7-9. Review of Becket in The Theatre, by F. Hawkins, vol. i., pp. 53-61. Review of Becket in Macmillan's Magazine, vol. li., pp. 287- 294. Review of Becket in Blackwood' s Magazine, vol. cxxxviii., pp. 57-66. Review of Becket in Eclectic Magazine, vol. cv., pp. 418- 425. The Meaning of The Idylls of the King, by C. B, Fallen, in The Catholic World, vol. xli., pp. 43-54. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 173 Article on The Lyrics of Tennyson, in The Spectator, vol. Iviii., pp. 1319, 1320. Review of Tiresias, and Other Poems, in The Spectator, vol. Iviii., pp. 1649-1651. Review of Tiresias, and Other Poems, in The Academy, by T. H. Caine, vol. xxviii., pp. 403-405. Review of Tiresias, and Other Poems, in The Athencsum, 1885, vol. ii., pp. 831-834. Review of Tiresias, and Other Poems, in The Saturday Re- view, vol. Ix., pp. 8io-8ii. Review of Vastness in The Spectator, vol. Iviii., pp. 1466, 1467. Paper on Tennyson in Urbana Scripta, by A. Gallon. London : Eliot Stock, pp. 36-68. Translation : Enoch Arden . . . recato in versi Italiani da A. Soggini, p. 109. Firenze. (See 1876.) 1886. LocKSLEY Hall Sixty Years After, etc., by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, D.C.L., P.L. London and New York : Mac- millan & Co., pp. 201 (printed in Edinburgh). The Poetical Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. 10 vols. London and New York : Macmillan & Co. (printed in Edinburgh). The Dramatic Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. 4 vols. Macmillan & Co. Ode to India and the Colonies. Written for the opening of the Colonial Exhibition in London (May 4). The Poetry of Tennyson, in The London Quarterly Review, vol. Ixv., pp. 243-247. Tennyson or Darwin, by Algernon C. Swinburne, in Studies in Prose and Verse, pp. 141— 145. Tennyson as a Conservative, in The Atlantic Monthly, vol. Ivii., pp. 423-426. Tennyson' s Later Poems, in The Leisure Hour, by S. G. Green, vol. xxxv.,pp. gg-ioi. Review of Locksley Hall in Youth and Age in The Specter tor, vol. lix., pp. 1706, 1707, 1750, 1751. Review of Locksley Hall in Youth and Age, in The Saturday Review, vol. Ixii., pp. 842, 843. Philosophy of Locksley Hall, in The Southern Bivouac, by T. Canebrake, vol. v., p. 704. 1^4 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Translation : II Prima Diverbio . . . Traduzione (of the poem entitled The First Quarrel), di E. Castelnuovo, p. 19. Venezia : Nozze Bordica. Selvatico. Enoch Arden. Students' Taachnitz aufi. mit Worterbuch, von Dr. A. Hamann. Leipzig, p. 24. (Bibliothek der Gesammt-Literatur.) Tennyson visited Cambridge in August. Lionel Tennyson died on the voyage home from India (April 20). (Jack and the Bean-Stalk, by Hallam Tennyson. London : Macmillan & Co. Illustrations from Caldecott.) 1887. The Jubilee of our Queen (printed under title, Carmen Sec- ulare), in Macmillan's Magazine (April). A souvenir poem by Lord Tennyson. Designs by F. Marriott. Lon- don : Eyre & Spottiswoode, i6mo. The Brook. Illustrated by A. Woodruff. London : Mac- millan & Co., obi. 8vo. Vox Clamantis. A comparison analytical and critical be- tween the Columbus at Seville of Joseph Ellis . . . and The Columbus of the Poet Laureate. London : W. Stewart & Co., p. 32, 4°. An essay on Tennyson's Idylls of the King, by A. Ha- mann. Berlin, p. 25. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The Church Review, vol. xlix. , pp. 283-289. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The Atlantic Monthly, vol. lix., pp. 705-708. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The Congre- gational Review, vol. i., pp. 97-105. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in Blackwood' s Magazine, vol. cxli., pp. 129-131. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The Dial (Chicago), by W. M. Payne, vol. vii., pp. 246-248. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The New Englander, by J. R. Bacon, vol. xlvi., pp. 155- 167. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The New Princeton Review, vol. iii. , pp. 265-271. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The Academy, by H. C. Beeching, vol. xxxi., pp. i, 2. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 1 75 Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in The Athence- um, 1887, vol. i., pp. 31-33. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in To-Day, vol. vii., pp. 93-95. Review of Locksley Hall Sixty Years After in Leisure Hour, vol. xxxvi., pp. 137-140. Review of Locksley Hall and Locksley Hall Sixty Years After and The Jubilee in The Nineteenth Century, by W. E. Gladstone, vol. xxi., pp. 1-18. Same article in LittelVs Living Age, vol. clxxii., and in Eclectic Magazine, vol. cviii. Article on Locksley Hall and Liberalism in The National Review, by M. Dyncley, vol. viii., pp. 641-647. Article on The Palace of Art — growth of the poem — in The New Princeton Review, by H. Van Dyke, vol. iv., pp. 65-74. A Word about Tennyson, by Walt Whitman, in The Critic, vol. X., pp. I, 2. Paper, The Genesis of In Memoriam in Walforits Antiquarian Magazine, by R. A. Shepherd. Translation: Ausgewahlte Dichtungen. Ubersetzt von A. Strodtmann. Hildburghausen, 1867. Leipzig, 1887-1890 (Meyer's Volksbiicher). Selections from Tennyson, with notes for the use of Italians, by T. C. Cann. Florence. Enoch Arden. Trad, far X. Marmier. Paris. Tennyson visited St. David's and the Channel Islands. 1888. The Complete Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. A new edition in 8 vols. Macmillan & Co. {The Idyll of Geraint was in this edition divided into The Marriage of Geraint and Geraint and Enid a.nA some suppressed poems restored.) Selections from Tennyson, with introduction and notes by F. J. Rowe and W.T. Webb. Macmillan & Co., pp. xiv., 154 (printed in Glasgow). Tennyson in Literary Essays, by R. H. Hutton. 3d edi- tion, pp. 361-436. Article on Tennyson in The Methodist Review, by C. J. Little, vol. Ixx., pp. 203-221. Review of The Idylls of the King in The Dublin Review, by J. M. Stone, vol. ciii., pp. 259-274. 176 A TENNYSON PRIMER. A Companion to In Memoriam, by Elizabeth R. Chap- man. London and New York : Macmillan & Co., pp. 72. Studies on the Legend of the Holy Grail, by Alfred Nutt. London : David Nutt. Is Tennyson u. Spiritualist? in The Pall Mall Gazette (December 20). Dethroning Tennyson, by A. C. Swinburne, in The Nine- teenth Century (January). The Tennyson Flora, by L. H. Grindon. (Appendix to the Report of the IManchester Field Naturalists and Arch- seological Society, 1887.) Tennysonian Trees, in The Gardeners' Magazine (Decem- ber 29). Tennyson's Idylls, by A. V. Dorsey, in The American Magazine (May). Tennyson's Idylls, by R. W. Boodle, in The Canadian Monthly (April). Translations : Locksley Hall . . . iibersetzt von F. Frei- ligrath (Locksley Hall nach sechzig Jahren. A us dent Englischen, von J. Feis), pp. 59. Leipzig. Locksley Hall sechzig Jahre spater. Autorisierte ubersetzung, von Karl B. Esniarch, p. 32. Gotha. Enoch Arden frei bearbeitet fiir die Jugend. Hausbiblio- thek. Leipzig, pp. 29. Enoch Arden. Traduction franfaise litterale (in prose), par R. Courtois, pp. 33. Paris. Enoch Arden. Texte Anglais. Annoti par R. Courtois, pp. viii., 41. Paris. Idylles et Pohnes. Traduction par A. Buisson du Berger. Paris. Enid metrisch vertaald door D. E. M. van Herwerden met platen naar G. Dore, pp. 70. ZwoUe. La Prima Lite. Estratto dal Giornale " La Battaglia Bizantina." Traduzione di P. T. Pavolini. Bologna. 1889. Demeter, and Other Poems, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, D.C.L., P.L. London and New York : Macmillan & Co., pp. vi., 175 (printed Edinburgh). The Throstle in The New Review (October), (Published in May as a leaflet, title and one page of text.) The Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson in one vol., pp. v. 807. Macmillan & Co. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 1^7 Idylls of the King, In Twelve Books (first so entitled in this edition). Interludes, Lyrics, and Idylls, from tlie poetic and dramatic works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, pp. igo. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. (Printed in Cam- bridge, Mass.) Poems ( To Edward Lear on his Travels in Greece, The Pal- ace of Art, The Daisy). Illustrated by Edward Lear. (With a memoir of Lear by F. Lushington.) London and New York: Boussod, Valadon & Co., pp. iv., 51 (one hundred copies printed and signed by Tennyson). Lancelot and Elaine, with notes by C. C. Flanagan. 2 parts. Madras. (Being pp. 77-102 of Macmillan's School Edition bound up with notes.) The Idylls of the King. . . . Illustrated. In shorthand, by A. G. Doughty, ff. 102. Montreal : The Dominion Illus- trated Press. "Prolegomena to In Memoriam." With an index to the poem, pp. vi., 177. Boston and New York : Houghton, Mifflin & Co. (Printed in Cambridge, Mass.) Ecrivains modernes de I'Angleterre. Deuxi^me S^rie. (Al- fred Tennyson, p. 349.) By Emile Moiitfegut. (Printed in Paris.) Coulommiers. Essays on Literature and Ethics, by W. A. O'Connor. (Tennyson's Palace of Art, pp. 25-56.) Manchester. Lord Tennyson. Studi, di Francesco Rodriguez. Roma, pp. igS. Alfred Tennyson. Kirily. Idylljei forditatta es bevezette Szasyk. (with critical introduction), pp. 556. Buda- pest. Tennyson's Touch with Nature (illustrated), in The Sunday Magazine, by A. Lament, vol. xviii., pp. 378-387. Tennyson' s Spiritual Service to his Generation, in The Andover Review, vol. xii., pp. 291-296. Paper on Lord Tennyson, with portrait, in Tinsley's Maga- zine, pp. 580-584. Tennyson and Browning, in The Spectator, vol. Ixiii., pp. 879, 880. Tennyson as a Prophet, in The Nineteenth Century, by F. H. Myers, vol. xxv., pp. 381-396. I/S A TENNYSON PRIMER. (Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. clxxx. , and Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxii.) Tennyson at Eighty. Sonnet to Tennyson on his birth- day, by Theodore Watts, in TJie Athenceu7n, vol. ii., p. 191. Tennyson at Eighty. Sonnet by the Rev. H. D. Rawns- ley, in Macmillan's Magazine (August), vol. Ix., p. 293- To Lord Tennyson, lines by Lewis Morris, in Macmillan's Magazine (August). A Poem, by Alfred Austin, in The Spectator, vol. Ixiii., P- 175- Article in The Critic, vol. xv., pp. 69, 70. Article in The Critic, vol. xv., pp. 105-107, by Edmund Gosse. Article on The Bible in Tennyson, with portrait of Ten- nyson, by H. Van Dyke, in The Century Magazine, vol. xvi., pp. 515-522. Article on Tennyson! s First Flight, in Scribner's Magazine, by H. Van Dyke. Both reprinted in The Poetry of Tennyson, by Henry Van Dyke. *New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. xiii., 296. The Two Locksley Halls, by T. R. Lounsbury, in Scribner's Magazine, vol. vi., pp. 250-256. Review of Z'^w^/^?-, and Other Poems, in The Academy, by H. B. Garrod, vol. xxxvi., pp. 413, 414. Review of Demeter, and Other Poems, in TheAthencsum, 1889, vol. ii., pp. 883-885. Review of Demeter, and Other Poems, in The Spectator, vol. Ixiii., pp. 883, 884. The Undertones of Tennyson, in The Spectator, vol. Ixii. pp. 165, 166. Tennyson's Art and Genius, in The Baptist Review (Jan- uary) (U. S.), by Eugene Parsons. The Poets Laureate of England, in The Methodist Recorder (February and March), by the Rev. G. Lester. Homes and Haunts of A If red, Lord Tennyson, by George P. Napier. (Illustrated.) Pp. xvi., 204. (One hundred copies for private circulation.) Published Glasgow : J. Maclehose & Sons, 1892. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 179 Translations : Enoch Arden. Traduit de P Anglais par E. Duglin, pp. 32. Beauvais. Enoch Arden. Ubersetzung aus den Englischen von H. , Griebenow, pp. 35. Halle. tSgo. The Poetical Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. A new edi- tion in one volume, pp. viii., 535. Also an edition con- taining the dramas. London and New York : Macmillan & Co., I vol., pp. v., 842. Tennyson Pictures, by W. Paget and H. Dicksee (with short criticisms of the poems illustrated). London : E. Nister (Nuremburg printed), obi. 4°. In Tennyson Land, by John C. Walters. Illustrated. Lon- don : George Redway, pp. viii., 108. The Laureate's Country, by Alfred J. Church, with illustra- tions from drawings by E. Hull. London : Seeley & Co., pp. Ill, fol. The Makers of Modern English, by W. J. Dawson (Ten- nyson, pp. 169-269). London. Article on Lord Tennyson in Nuova Anfologia (Rome), pp. 318-340, by F. Rodriguez. Tennyson's Ballad, The Voyage of Maeldune, with music by C. U. Stanford. London : Novello, Ewer & Co. Views and Reviews, by W. E. Henley. (Tennyson, pp. 154-158). London. A Study of Tennysoris English. Modern Language Notes, vol. iv. Tennyson and After? in The Fortnightly Review, vol. liii., pp. 621-637. (Same article in The Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxv.) Tennyson and Browning, in The Edinburg/i Review, vol. clxxii., pp. 301-316. Tennyson and Browning, in The Leisure Hour, vol. xxxix. , pp. 231-234. Tennyson and the Questionings of Our Age, in The Arena, by J. T. Brixby, vol. ii., pp. 57-71. Review of Demeter, and Other Poems, \n The National Review, by Alfred Austin, vol. xiv., pp. 694-702. Review of Demeter, and Other Poems, in The Atlantic Monthly, vol. Ixv., pp. 421-423. l8o A TENNYSON PRIMER. Review of Demeter, and Other Poems, in Poet Lore, by C. Porter, vol. ii., pp. 201-207. Tennyson's In Meinoriam, in The New Englander, vol. liii., p. 492. Love Passages in Tennyson, in The New Englander, by W. Higgs, vol. liii., pp. 126-142, and pp. 276-283. Tennyson! s Philosophy of the Future Life, in The Baptist Quarterly Review, by J. W. White, vol. xii., pp. 158- 182. Tennyson's School Days, in The Pall Mall Gazette, by C. J. Caswell (June 19). Paper on Tennyson in The Examiner (New York), by E. Parsons (February). " In King Arthur's Capital" in Igdrasil (the journal of Ruskin Reading Guild), by J. C. Walters (November). " Christmas with Lord Tennyson" in The Fireside Maga- sine, by Rev. G. Lester (December). " An Arthurian Journey" in The Atlantic Monthly (June). Poem on Tennyson, in The Atlantic Monthly, by T. B. Aldrich (March). {The Isles of Greece, Sappho and Alcceus, by Frederick Tennyson. London and New York : Macmillan & Co., pp. xiv., 443.) Tennyson's portrait, by G. F. Watts, given to Trinity Col- lege, Cambridge. 1891. To Sleep printed in The New Review (March). Re- printed in The Foresters. Pearl, an English poem of the fourteenth century. E dited with amodern rendering by J. GoUanez, withintroductory lines by Lord Tennyson and a frontispiece by Holman Hunt. London : D. Nutt, pp. Hi., 142. Lines in a volume of his Poems presented to Princess Louise of Schleswig-Holstein. Lines on the christening of the daughter of the Duchess of Fife. The Poetical Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson. A new edi- tion in one volume, revised, with new portrait. Macmil- lan & Co., pp. 842. The Coming of Arthur and The Passing of Arthur, with introductions and notes by F. J. Rowe. Macmillan & Co., pp. xliii., 78. A TENNYSON PRIMER. i8l Aylmer's Field, with introduction and notes by F. J. Rowe and W. T. Webb. Macmillan & Co., pp. xxxi., 70. Enoch Arden, with introduction and notes by W. T. Webb. Macmillan & Co., pp. xxxiii., 60. Tennyson for the Young, with introduction and notes by A. Ainger. Macmillan & Co., pp. xiii., 120. Illustrations of Tennyson, by J. Churton Collins. Lon- don : Chatto & Windus, pp. ix., 186. Nature in Books, by P. A. Graham. (Tennyson, Art and Scenery, pp. 44-65.) London. Victorian Poets, by Amy Sharp. (Tennyson, pp. 1-39.) London. A Vision of Fair Women, a dramatic paraphrase (in verse) based upon Tennyson's Dream of Fair Women. Boston : W. H. Baker & Co., pp. 15. Tennyson's Foresters, in The Athenteum, by Theodore Watts, vol. ii., pp. 461, 493, 494. (Same article in The Critic, vol. xix., pp. 238, 239.) The Childhood of Tennyson, illustrated, in The Art Jour- nal, by P. A. Graham, vol. xliii., pp. 13-18 and 46-50. A Day with Tennyson, in The Forum, by E. Arnold, vol. xii., pp. 536-548. Illustrations of Animal Life in the Poems of Tennyson, in The Cornhill Magazine, vol. Ixiii., pp. 145-151. (Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. clxxxviii.) Tennyson's Farmers of Lincolnshire, in The Westmin- ster Review, by J. J. Davis, vol. cxxxvi., pp. 132-137. (Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. cxci.) The Quotableness of Tennyson, in The Chautauquan, by E. Parsons, vol. xiii., pp. 334-337. Article on St. Agnes' Eve in Poet Lore, by A. S. Cook, vol. iii., pp. 10-17. The Study of Tennyson, in The Century Magazine, by H. Van Dyke, vol. xx., pp. 502-510. Reprinted in The Poetry of Tennyson. London : Elkin Mathews. The Literary Genealogy of Ulysses, in Poet Lore, by A. S. Cook, vol. iii., pp. 499-504. Lord Tennyson's Birthday, in Notes and Queries (March 14), by C. J. Caswell. 1 82 A TENNYSON PRIMER. A Comitia of Errors in Birmingham Weekly Mercury, by C. J. Caswell, April ii. Translation . Maud, Ein Gedicht . . . ilbersetzt von F. W. Weber. Zweite verbesserte aujlage, pp. lo8. Paderborn. (Daphne, and Other Poems, by Frederick Tennyson. Mac- millan & Co., pp. 522.) Tennyson spent part of the spring on a Mediterranean cruise, and in the same year visited Devonshire. 1892. Lines on "The Death of the Duke of Clarence and AvoNDALE," printed in The Nineteenth Century (Febru- ary). The Foresters, produced at Daly's Theatre, New York (March ig), with Mr. Drew and Miss Ada Rehan as Robin Hood and Marian. On the same day a single formal performance of The Fores- ters, to secure copyright, was given at the Lyceum in Lon- don. The Foresters : Robin Hood and Maid Marian, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson (a play in four acts, in verse and prose). London and New York : Macmillan & Co., pp. 155. The Death of CEnone, Akbar's Dream, and Other Poems, by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. London and New York: Macmillan & Co.. pp. vi., 113, published in October. (Also an edition with five steel portraits of the author, pp. vi.. III.) Gareth and Lynette, with introduction and notes by G. C. Macaulay. Macmillan & Co., pp. xxxv., 108. The Princess, with introduction and notes by Percy M. Wal- lace. Macmillan & Co., pp. lii., 233. The Marriage of Geraint ; Geraint and Enid, with intro- duction and notes by G. C. Macaulay. Macmillan & Co., pp. xlv., 125. Idylls of the Kington twelve books). Macmillan & Co., pp. 421. "In Memoriam : Alfred, Lord Tennyson, born 5 August, i8og, died 6 October, i8q2," "Crossing the Bar" [and] " A Poem." London (?), 1892, s. sh. 8°. Phases of Thought and Criticism, by Brother Azarias. Bos- ton. (The Spiritual Sense of In Memoriam, pp. 183- 264.) A TENNYSON PRIMER. 183 The Golden Guess, essays, etc., by J. V. Cheney (Tennyson and his Critics, pp. 161-201). A Sermon (Heb. xiii. 7), preached by H. M. Butler, Dean of Gloucester, in the Chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge, in reference to the death of Lord Tennyson. London : Macmillan & Bowes, pp. 15. Tennyson and our Imperial Heritage, by W. H. P. Gres- well. London : Gower & Co., pp. 23. Tennyson and In Memoriam, an appreciation and a study, by Joseph Jacobs. London : D. Nutt., pp. viii., 108. Alfred, Lord Tennyson : A Brief Study of his Life and Poetry, by Arthur Jenkinson. London : J. Nisbet & Co., pp. A., 127. A Lecture : Tennyson! s Idylls of the King, by W. M. Mac- Phail. London : Hitchcock, pp. 36. Popular Studies of Nineteenth Century Poets, by J. M. Mather. London. {Tennyson the Moodist, pp. 125- 152.) Tennyson's Life and Poetry, and Mistakes Concerning Ten- nyson, by E. Parsons. Chicago : The Craig Press, pp. 19. (Enlarged edition, 1893.) Poets the Interpreters of their Age, by Anna Swanwick. London. (Tennyson, pp. 380-387.) In Memory of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the English Theocri- tus, etc. (verses, with portrait), by E. S. Sterne. London. Sermonettes from Tennyson, by A. Taylor, pp. 68. Bir- mingham. Shadows of the Stage, by William Winter. Edinburgh. (Tennyson's Foresters, pp. 269-285.) Second series, 1893 (Tennyson, pp. 359-367). "Funeral of the Right Hon. Lord Tennyson, Westminster Abbey, October 12, 1892" (order of service [including the text of two poems by Lord Tennyson, " Crossing the Bar" and "The Silent Voices"]). London : Harrison & Sons, s. sh. fol. Records of Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning, by A. Thackeray Ritchie, pp. 245. London : Macmillan & Co. ; New York : Harper & Brothers, pp. 190. Tennyson died October 6. Article on Tennyson, in The Academy, by Joseph Jacobs 184 A TENNYSON PRIMER. (October 15), vol. xlii., pp. 335-337- (Reprinted in Tennyson and In Memoriam [D. Nutt].) Article on Tennyson, in The Athencsum, by Theodore Watts (October 8 and 22), vol. ii., pp. 482, 483 and 555. 556. Article on Tennyson, in The Andover Review, by S. H. Thayer (November), vol. xviii., pp. 460-478. Article on Tennyson, in La Nouvelle Revue, by F. Lobee (November i), pp. 173-181. Articlp on Tennyson, in Daheim, with portrait, by K. Koenig (November ig), pp. 102-104. Article on Tennyson, in Blackwood' s Magazine (November), vol. clii., pp. 748-768. Article on Tennyson, in the Catholic World, with portrait, by M . F. Egan (November), vol. Ivi., pp. 149-157. Article on Tennyson, in The Contemporary Review, by Stopford A, Brooke (December), vol. Ixii., pp. 761-785. Article on Tennyson, in The Critic (October 15 and 2g), with portrait, pp. 203, 204, 237, by H. Van Dyke ; also articles (November 5 and 12), pp. 254-257 and 285-290. Article on Tennyson, in The Cosmopolitan, by G. Stewart (December), vol. xiv., p. 169. Article on Tennyson, in The Dial, Chicago (October 16), vol. xiii., pp. 231-234. Article on Tennyson, in Revue Bleue, by Mary Darmes- teter, tom. xlix., pp. 619-623. Article on Tennyson, in Gentleman's Magazine, U.S. (November), pp. 535-540. Article on Tennyson, in Literary World, Boston (Octo- ber 22), vol. xxxiii., pp. 372,373. Article on Tennyson, in Macmillan's Magazine, by A. Ainger (November), vol. Ixvii., pp. 76-80. Article on Tennyson, in The Nation, by J. W. Chadwick (October 13), vol. Iv., pp. 276-278. Article on Tennyson, in The Spectator (October 8), vol. Ixix., pp. 484, 485. Article on Tennyson, \n The Saturday Review, voXAxyiiy., pp. 405, 406. Article on Tennyson, in The Westminster Review (De- cember), vol. cxxxviii., pp. 589-596. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 185 Article on Tennyson, in The Review of Reviews, by W. T. Stead (illustrated), vol. vi., pp. 435-447. Article on Tennyson, in The New Review, by Edmund Gosse and Herbert Paul (November), vol. vii., pp. 513-532. (Same article Litiell's Living Age, vol. cxcv.) Poem in The Spectator (October 15), by G. H. Warren, p. 528. Poem in The London Illustrated News, by William Watson (October 8). Love and Duty in Tennyson and Browning, in Poet Lore, by E. F. R. Stitt, vol. iv., pp. 271-274. Tennyson and Whittier, with portraits, in The Arena, by W. J. Fowler, vol. vii., pp. i-ii. Relations of Tennyson and Whitman to Science, in 7"^!? Dial, Chicago, by J. Burroughs, vol. xiv., pp. 168, 169. Aspects of Tennyson (ist paper), in The Nineteenth Cen- tury, by H. D. Traill, vol. xxxii., pp. 952-956. (Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. cxcvi.) Bibliography of Tennyson, in The Critic, vol. xxi., p. 211. Review of Death of CEnone, and Other Poems, in The Acad- emy, by L. Johnson (November 5), vol, xlii., pp. 403, 404. Review of Death of CEnone, and Other Poems, in Poet Lore (December), vol. iv., pp. 640-643. Review of Death of CEnone, and Other Poems, in Athenaum (November 19), vol. ii., pp. 695-697. Review of Death of CEnone, and Other Poems, in Saturday Review (November 5), vol. Ixxiv., pp. 536, 537. Early French Estimates of Tennyson, in The Athenceum (October 22), vol. ii., pp. 554, 555. Fancy of Tennyson, in The Spectator (April 2), vol. Ixviii., pp. 458, 459- Review of Tennyson's Foresters in The Academy, by W. Watson (April 9), vol. xli., pp. 341, 342. Review of Tennyson's Foresters in The Saturday Review, vol. Ixxiii., pp. 391, 392. Review of Tennyson's Foresters in The Athenceiim (April 16), vol. i., pp. 491-493. Review of Tennyson's Foresters in The Gentleman's Maga- zine, U. S. (May), vol. xlviii., pp. 528-532. N 1 86 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Maid Marian on the Stage, in The Theatre, by A. W. Walkley, vol. xxviii., pp. 227-231. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in The Literary World (November 5), vol. xxiii., pp. 388, by J. R. Macquoid. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in LittelVs Living Age (November ig), vol. cxcv., p. 510. "^orSzcoOt^^ Funeral of Tennyson vci The Spectator (Octo- ber 15), vol. Ixix., pp. 516, 517. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in The Critic (November 26), pp. 286-290. The Genius of Tennyson, in The Spectator (October 15), vol. Ixix., pp. 522-524. (Same article in The Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxix., and LittelVs Living Age, vol. cxcv.) Homes of Tennyson at Aldworth and Farringford, in The English Illustrated Magazine, by Grant Allen, vol. x., pp. 145-156- In the Laureate's Footsteps, in Good Words (illustrated), by G. Winterwood, vol. xxxiii., pp. 670-678. The Celtic Element in The Lady of Shalott, in Poet Lore, by A. R. Brown (August and September), vol. iv., pp. 408- 415. The Latest Verses of Tennyson, in The Gentleman's Maga- zine, U. S. (December), vol. xlix., pp. 641, 642. The Literary Sensitiveness of Tennyson, in The National Review, by Alfred Austin (December), vol. xx., pp. 454- 460. (Same article in Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxx.) Art and Architecture in Tennyson' s Poems, in The Ameri- can Architect {tiovemhei 5), vol. xxxviii., p. 87. Poetical Tributes to Tennyson, poems in The Nineteenth Century, by the editor, T. H. Huxley, F. W. H. Myers, and others (November), vol. xxxii., pp. 831-844. Poetical Tributes to Tennyson in The Spectator, by D. Beale (October 29), vol. Ixix., p. 595. Tennysoniana, in The Athenceum (October 15, November 26), vol. ii., p. 517, pp. 741, 742. Tennysoniana, in The Critic (December 3), vol. xxi., pp. 315, 316. Tennysoniana, in The Dial, Chicago, vol. xiii., pp. 265-267, A TENNYSON PRIMER. 187 The Theology of Tennyson, in The Spectator, vol. Ixix., pp. 642, 643. (Same article in Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxix.) Visit to Tennyson, in The Critic, by W. J. Rolfe, vol. xxi., pp. 285, 286. Tennyson's Works, in The Spectator, vol. Ixviii., pp. 201, 202. Enoch Arden. Texte Anglais publid avec une notice sur la vie et les ceuvres de Tennyson, une dtude sur la versification du prime des notes . , . et des appendices par A. Beljame, pp. 120. Paris. Enoch Arden . . . avec . . . des notes . . .par A. Beljame. Paris. 1893. Poems by Two Brothers. A reprint of the 1827 edition. With facsimiles of part of the ms. and a preface by Hal- lam, Lord Tennyson, pp. xix., 251. London : Macmil- lan & Co. Poems . . . illustrated (reprinted from the edition of 1857), pp. xiii., 374. Macmillan & Co. The Holy Grail. With introduction and notes by G. C. Macaulay, pp. xl., 86. Macmillan & Co. Selections from Tennyson, With introduction and notes by J. F. Rowe and W. T. Webb. 2 parts. Macmillan & Co. Maud : A Monodrama, pp. 69. Macmillan & Co. 4°. Becket. As arranged for the stage by Henry Irving. Mac- millan & Co. Tennyson's Heroes and Heroines. Illustrated by Marcus Stone. London : Tuck & Sons. The Teaching of Tennyson, by E. H. Blakeney. Reprinted from The Churchman, pp. 8. Essays, Addresses, etc., by the Rev. T. C. Finlayson. (Tennyson's In Memoriam, pp. 1-35.) Macmillan & Co. The Scenery of Tennyson's Poems. Etchings after drawings by various artists. With introduction and descriptive letterpress by B. Francis. London : .J. & E. Bumpus. Questions at Issue, by Edmund Gosse. (Tennyson, pp. 175-198.) " The Poems of A. H. Hallam, together with his Essay on the Lyrical Poems of Alfred Tennyson." Edited, with an 1 86 A TENNYSON PRIMER. Maid Marian on the Stage, in Tlie Theatre, by A. W. Walkley, vol. xxviii., pp. 227-231. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in The Literary World (November 5), vol. xxiii., pp. 388, by J. R. Macquoid. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in Littell's Living Age (November ig), vol. cxcv., p. 510. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in The Spectator (Octo- ber 15), vol. Ixix., pp. 516, 517. Notice of the Funeral of Tennyson in The Critic (November 26), pp. 286-290. TJie Genius of Tennyson, in The Spectator (October 15), vol. Ixix., pp. 522-524. (Same article in The Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxix., and Littell's Living Age, vol. cxcv.) Homes of Tennyson at Aldworth and Farringford, in The English Illustrated Magazine, by Grant Allen, vol. a., pp. 145-156. In the Laureate's Footsteps, in Good Words (illustrated), by G. Winterwood, vol. xxxiii., pp. 670-678. The Celtic Element in The Lady of Shalott, in Poet Lore, by A. R. Brown (August and September), vol. iv., pp. 408- 415- The Latest Verses of Tennyson, in The Gentleman's Maga- zine, U. S. (December), vol. xlix., pp. 641, 642. The Literary Sensitiveness of Tennyson, in The National Review, by Alfred Austin (December), vol. xx., pp. 454- 460. (Same article in Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxx.) Art and Architecture in Tennyson' s Poems, in The Ameri- can Architect (November 5), vol. xxxviii., p. 87. Poetical Tributes to Tennyson, poems in The Nineteenth Century, by the editor, T. H. Huxley, F. W. H. Myers, and others (November), vol. xxxii., pp. 831-844. Poetical Tributes to Tennyson in The Spectator, by D. Beale (October 29), vol. Ixix., p. 595. Tennysoniana, in The Athenaum (October 15, November 26), vol. ii., p. 517, pp. 741, 742. Tennysoniana, in The Critic (December 3), vol. xxi., pp. 315. 316. Tennysoniana, in The Dial, Chicago, vol. xiii., pp. 265-267, A TENNYSON PRIMER. ig7 The Theology of Tennyson, in The Spectator, vol. Ixix., pp. 642, 643. (Same article in Eclectic Magazine, vol. cxix.) Visit to Tennyson, in The Critic, by W. J. Rolfe, vol. xxi., pp. 285, 286. Tennyson's Works, in The Spectator, vol. Ixviii., pp. 201, 202. Enoch Arden. Texte Anglais publi/ avec une notice sur la vie et les ccuvres de Tennyson, une itude sur la versification du prime des notes . , . et des appendices par A. Beljame, pp. 120. Paris. Enoch Arden , . . avec . . . des notes . . .par A. Beljame. Paris. i8g3. Poems by Two Brothers. A reprint of the 1827 edition. With facsimiles of part of the ms. and a preface by Hal- lam, Lord Tennyson, pp. xix., 251. London : Macmil- lan & Co. Poems . . . illustrated (reprinted from the edition of 1857), pp. xiii., 374. Macmillan & Co. The Holy Grail. With introduction and notes by G. C, Macaulay, pp. xl., 86. Macmillan & Co. Selections from Tennyson. With introduction and notes by J. F. Rowe and W. T. Webb. 2 parts. Macmillan & Co. Maud : A Monodrama, pp. 69. Macmillan & Co. 4°. Becket. As arranged for the stage by Henry Irving. Mac- millan & Co. Tennyson' s Heroes and Heroines. Illustrated by Marcus Stone. London : Tuck & Sons. The Teaching of Tennyson, by E. H. Blakeney. Reprinted from The Churchman, pp. 8. Essays, Addresses, etc., by the Rev. T. C. Finlayson. (Tennyson's In Memoriam, pp. 1-35.) Macmillan & Co. The Scenery of Tennyson's Poems. Etchings after drawings by various artists. With introduction and descriptive letterpress by B. Francis. London : .J. & E. Bumpus. Questions at Issue, by Edmund Gosse. (Tennyson, pp. 175-198.) " The Poems of A. H. Hallam. together with his Essay on the Lyrical Poems of Alfred Tennyson." Edited, with an 1 88 A TENNYSON PRIMER. introduction, by R. Le Gallienne, pp. xxxix., 139. E. Mathews and John Lane. Seers and Singers, by A. D. Innes. (Tennyson, pp. 26-49.) Essays on Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King, by Harold Littledale, pp. a., 308. New Studies in Tennyson, including a Commentary on Maud, by Morton Luce (2d edition), pp. 96. Clifton : J. Barker & Son, The Poets and tJie Poetry of the Century. (Frederick Tenny- son to Clough.) (Alfred Tennyson, by A. H. Japp, pp. 67-102.) Science and a Future Life, by F. W. H. Myers. (Tennyson as prophet, pp. 127-165.) Tennyson as a Thinker, by Henry Salt, pp. 56. London ; W. Reeves. Death of Tennyson, by John Parnell (in verse), a single sheet. London. Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his Friends. A series of twenty- five portraits in photogravure from the negatives of Mrs. J. M. Cameron and H. H. H. Cameron. Reminiscences by A. Thackeray Ritchie. With introduction by H. H. H. Cameron. London : T. F. Unwin, folio. Tennyson : Poet, Philosopher, Idealist. Studies on the life, work, and teaching of the Poet Laureate (Tennysonian chronology). With portrait, pp. viii., 370. London : Kegan Paul & Co. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, by Arthur Waugh (2d edition, enlarged), pp. X., 332. London: Heinemann. English Poetry from Blake to Browning, by W. Macneile Dixon. (Tennyson, Arnold, Browning, pp. 188-200.) London : Methuen & Co. Article on Tennyson, in Harper's Magazine, by A. Fields (January), vol. Ixxxvi., pp. 309-312. Article on Tennyson, in The Church Quarterly, vol. XXXV., pp. 485-506. Tennyson and Browning as Spiritual Forces, in Tlie New World, by C. C. Everett (June), vol. ii., pp. 240-256. Tennyson and the Meaning of Life, in The Nineteenth Century, by F. W. H. Myers (January), vol. xxxiii., pp. 93- III. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 189 Tennyson on the Future Life, in The Spectator (March 4), vol. Ixx., p. 283. Tennyson as a Nature Poet, in The Nineteenth Century. by Theodore Watts (May), vol. xxxiii. , pp. 836-856. (Same article, June and July.) Tennyson as the Poet of Evolution, in The Nineteenth Century, by Theodore Watts (October), vol. xxxiv., pp. 657-672, (Same article, December.) Tennyson as the Religious Exponent of his Age, in The Sunday Magazine, by J. Wedgwood (January), vol. xxii., pp. 34-38. Aspects of Tennyson. One of a series of articles in The Nineteenth Century, by the editor (January), vol. xxxiii. , pp. 164-168. (Same article in Littell's Living Age, vol. cxcvi.) At the Laureate's Funeral. A poem in The National Review by the Duke of Argyll (January), vol. xx. , pp. 581-586. The Real Thomas Becket, in The Nineteenth Century, by Agnes Lambert, vol. xxxiii., pp. 273-292. "Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Spectator (Fehra- ary 25), vol. Ixx., p. 253. "Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Academy, by F. Wedmore (February 18), vol. xliii., pp. 158, 159. "Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Saturday Review (February 11), vol. Ixxv., pp. 146-147. " Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Art JournaKillus- trated), by J. Hatton (April), vol. xlv., pp. 105-109. Tennyson's Classical Poems, in The Nineteenth Century, by H. Paul (March), vol. xxxiii., pp. 436-453- (Same article. May.) A Word with Dissenters about Tennyson, in The Dial, Chicago, by P. Shorey (February 16), vol. xiv., pp. 102, 103. The Earliest Poems of Tennyson, in The Critic (May 2), vol. xxii., pp. 333-335- Tennyson's Elaine and Shakespere's Miranda, in Poet Lore, by S. D. Davies (January), vol. v., p. 15. How to Study In Memoriam, in Poet Lore, by H. A. Clarke (November), vol. v., pp. 574-582. 1 88 A TENNYSON PRIMER. introduction, by R. Le Gallienne, pp. xxxix., 139. E. Mathews and John Lane. Seers and Singers, by A. D. Innes. (Tennyson, pp. 26-49,) Essays on Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King, by Harold Littledale, pp. x., 308. New Sttidies in Tennyson, including a Commentary on Maud, by Morton Luce (2d edition), pp. 96. Clifton : J. Barker & Son, The Poets and the Poetry of the Century. (Frederick Tenny- son to Clough.) (Alfred Tennyson, by A. H. Japp, pp. 67-102.) Science and a Future Life, by F. W. H. Myers. (Tennyson as prophet, pp. 127-165.) Tennyson as a Thinker, by Henry Salt, pp. 56. London ; W. Reeves. Death of Tennyson, by John Parnell (in verse), a single sheet. London. Alfred, Lord Tennyson and his Friends. A series of twenty- five portraits in photogravure from the negatives of Mrs. J. M. Cameron and H. H. H. Cameron. Reminiscences by A. Thackeray Ritchie. With introduction by H. H, H. Cameron. London : T. F. Unwin, folio. Tennyson : Poet, Philosopher, Idealist. Studies on the life, work, and teaching of the Poet Laureate (Tennysonian chronology). With portrait, pp. viii., 370. London : Kegan Paul & Co. Alfred, Lord Tennyson, by Arthur Waugh (2d edition, enlarged), pp. x., 332. London : Heinemann. English Poetry from Blake to Browning, by W. Macneile Dixon. (Tennyson, Arnold, Browning, pp. 188-200.) London : Methuen & Co. Article on Tennyson, in Harper's Magazine, by A. Fields (January), vol. Ixxxvi., pp. 309-312. Article on Tennyson, in The Church Quarterly, vol. XXXV., pp. 485-506. Tennyson and Browning as Spiritual Forces, in The New World, by C. C. Everett (June), vol. ii., pp. 240-256. Tennyson and the Meaning of Life, in The Nineteenth Century, by F. W. H. Myers (January), vol. xxxiii. , pp. 93- III. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 189 Tennyson on the Future Life, in The Spectator (March 4), vol. Ixx., p. 283. Tennyson as a Nature Poet, in The Nineteenth Century. by Theodore Watts (May), vol. xxxiii., pp. 836-856. (Same article, June and July.) Tennyson as the Poet of Evolution, in The Nineteenth Century, by Theodore Watts (October), vol. xxxiv., pp. 657-672. (Same article, December.) Tennyson as the Religious Exponent of his Age, in The Sunday Magazine, by J. Wedgwood (January), vol. xxii., pp. 34-38. Aspects of Tennyson. One of a series of articles in The Nineteenth Century, by the editor (January), vol. xxxiii., pp. 164-168. (Same article in LittelVs Living Age, vol. cxcvi.) At the Laureate's Funeral. A poem in The National Review by the Duke of Argyll (January), vol. xx. , pp. 581-586. The Real Thomas Becket, in The Nineteenth Century, by Agnes Lambert, vol. xxxiii., pp. 273-292. "Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Spectator (^ehra- ary 25), vol. Ixx., p. 253. "Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Academy, by F. Wedmore (February 18), vol. xliii., pp. 158, 159. '^Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Saturday Review (February 11), vol. Ixxv., pp. 146-147. " Becket at the Lyceum Theatre," in The Art journal (illus- trated), by J. Hatton (April), vol. xlv., pp. 105-109. Tennyson's Classical Poems, in The Nineteenth Century, by H. Paul (March), vol. xxxiii., pp. 436-453. (Same article, May.) A Word with Dissenters about Tennyson, in The Dial, Chicago, by P. Shorey (February 16), vol. xiv., pp. io2, 103. The Earliest Poems of Tennyson, in The Critic (May 2), vol. xxii., pp. 333-335. Tennyson's Elaine and Shakespere's Miranda, in Poet Lore, by S. D. Davies (January), vol. v., p. 15. How to Study In Memoriavi, in Poet Lore, by H. A. Clarke (November), vol. v., pp. 574-582. I90 A TENNYSON PRIMER. The Two Locksky Halls, in Poet Lore (January), vol. v,, P- 34- Tennyson's Place in Poetry, in The Dial, Chicago, by E. E. Hale (February i6), vol. xiv., pp. loi, 102. Poem on Tennyson, in The Nineteenth Century, by A. C. Swinburne (January), vol. xxxiii., pp. 1-3. (Same in Ec- lectic Magazine, vol. cxx.) Review of The Poetry of Tennyson in The Quarterly Review, vol. clxxvi., pp. 1-39. Recollections of Tennyson, in The Century Magazine, by J. A. Symonds (May), vol. xlvi., pp. 32-37. The Study of Tennyson in Class, in Education, by H, M- Reynolds (February), vol. xiii., p. 359. Talks with Tennyson, in The Contemporary Review, by A. G. Weld, vol. Ixiii., pp. 394-397. Tennysoniana, in The Sunday Magazine (January, February, March), vol. xxii., pp. 50-53, 122-125, 201-205. The Voice of Tennyson, in The Century Magazine, by H. Van Dyke, vol. xlv., pp. 539-544. Was Tennyson Consistent? in The American Catholic Quar- terly, by G. P. Lathrop, vol. xviii., p. loi. Was Tennyson either Gnostic or Agnostic? in The Spec- tator (January 7), vol. Ixx. , p. lO. (Same article in LittelVs Living Age, vol. cxcvi.) Translations : Des Koenigs. Idyllen mctrisch vertaald door J. H. F. Le Comte, pp. 296. Rotterdam. Aylmer's Field . . . Deutsch von H. Griebenow, pp. 49. Halle. 1894. Tennyson : His Art and Relation to Modern Life, by Stopford A. Brooke, pp. vi., 490. London : Isbister & Co. Tennyson' s Idylls of the King and Arthurian Story from the XVIth Century, by M. W. Maccallum. Glasgow : Maclehose & Sons, pp. xiv., 435. ' Tis Sixty Years Since ; or. The Two Locksley Halls, by H. S. Wilson. London : Kegan Paul & Co., pp. 45. Article on Tennyson in The New Review, by Francis Adams (March), pp. 311-323. Tennyson and Dante, in Temple Bar, by Francis St. J. Thackeray (July), pp. 387-397. A TENNYSON PRIMER. 191 Tennyson as a Humorist, in The Nineteenth Century, by H. D. Traill, vol. xxxv., pp. 761-774. New Lights on Tennyson, in The Sunday Magazine, by H. V. Taylor (May), pp. Zi^i\r^i>n- The Religion of Tennyson, in The Arena, by W. H- Savage (April), pp. 582-592. Turncoat of Tennyson, in The Westminster Review, by J. J. Davies (November), pp. 558-566. The Trees and Flowers of Tennyson, in Temple Bar (Novem- ber), pp. 358-366. A Visit to the Tennysons in 1839, in Blackwood' s Magazine, by B. Teeling (May), pp. 605-621. Translation : Balladen und lyrische Gedichte ilbertaagen von Sophie von Harbon, pp. viii., 208. Charlottenburg. The Works of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate, the complete single vol. edition, containing the last alterations. London : Macmillan & Co. A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS PUBLISHED BY METHUEN AND COMPANY: LONDON 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. 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