HANDBOOK 
 
 OV THE 
 
 INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 OF TEE UNITED KINGDOM 
 
 Pabt I. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND GENERAL 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Cbattets, Hcts, 3^e^%nvQB, 
 IRegulations, Re 
 
 LONDON 
 
 PUBLISHBD BY AUTHORITY OV THE 
 
 COUNCIL OF THE INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 1898 
 
 Sp<fttiau>ood€ A Co. Printeri, Naw-streei Square^ London 
 
Established cire. 1750. 
 
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Incorporated Law Society's Handbook— 1808 [i] ' ^ 
 
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[ii] Incorporated Law Socibty's Handbook— 1898. 
 
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iN'dOEPOKATBD Law Society's Handbook — 1898. [iiij 
 
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[iv] iNcoitPOKATED Law Society's Handbook— 1898. 
 
 ROYAL EXCHANBE ASSURANCE 
 
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 For SEA, FIRE, LIFE, and ANNUITIES. 
 Chief Offioe-ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON, E.C. 
 
 Funds in Hantt £4,000,000, 
 
 Claims Paid £38,000,000. 
 
 INSURANCES ARE GRANTED AGAINST LOSS OR DAMAGE BY FIRE 
 
 on Property of almost every description, at moderate rates. 
 PRIVATE INSURANCES.— Policies issued for Two Years and upwards are allowed a 
 
 liberal discount. 
 LOSSES OCCASIONED BY LIGHTNING will be paid whether the property be set 
 
 on fire or not. 
 
 LATEST DEVELOPMENTS OF LIFE ASSURANCE: 
 
 1. SETTLEMENT WHOLE LIFE POLICIES, by wMoh an income of 5 per cent. 
 
 per annum is goaranteed on the Sum Assured. 
 
 2. PENSIONS FOR OLD AGE, returning all premiums with interest. 
 
 3. IMMEDIATE LIFE ASSURANCE WITHOUT MEDICAL EXAMINATION. 
 i- OPTIONAL ENDOWMENT POLICIES. 
 
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 A few Strong Rooms in the basement of the 
 Law Society's Hall ape to be let to IVIembers at 
 rentals from £5 to £10 pep annum. 
 
Incorporated Law Society's Handbook— 1898. [v] 
 
 NORTH BRITISH & MERCANTILE 
 INSURANCE CO. 
 
 FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. 
 
 Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament. 
 Established 1809. 
 
 Authorised Capital, £3,000,000. 
 Subscribed Capital, £2,750,000. Paid-up Capital, £687,500. 
 
 Total Funds at 31st December, 1896, £12,954,532. 
 
 Paid-up Capital ;. ... £687,500 
 
 Dividend Account and Balance of Profit and Loss 626,476 10 3 
 
 Fire Reserves 2,136,374 1 10 
 
 Life Fund— Accumulated Fund of Life Branch ... £7,136,311 4 
 Annuity Branoh ... 2,469,871 2 4 
 
 9,606,182 2 8 
 
 £12,964,632 14 8 
 
 REVENUE FOR THE YEAR 1896. ~""^^^~~ 
 Prom Fire Department — 
 
 Net Premiums, Interest, Ac £1,677,028 17 9 
 
 From Life Department — 
 
 Net Premiums, Interest, &c £999,762 10 
 
 Annuity Premiums (including £308,361 \\s.\d, 
 by single payments and Interest) .„ ... 404,465 1 - 
 
 1,404,207 9 11 
 
 £2,981,236 7 8 
 
 The Accumulated Funds of the Life Department are fiee from liability in respect 
 of the Fire Department, and in like manner the Accumulated Funds of the Fife De- 
 partment are free from liability in respect of the Life Department. 
 
 Prospectuses and every information can be obtained at the Chief Offices. 
 
 LIFE DBPABTMENT. 
 
 The principles on which this Company was founded, and on which it continues to 
 act, combine the system of Mutual Assurance with the safety of a large Protecting 
 Capital and Accumulated Funds. 
 
 Ninety per cent, of the Life As&uiauce Profits is divided amongst the Assurers on 
 the Participating Scale. 
 
 The Profits are divided every five years. Next division 31st December, 1900. 
 
 Claims paid on proof of Death and Title. 
 
 Most Policies are world-wide from the date of issue. Cheap aud simple arrange- 
 ments for Naval and Military Officers. 
 
 Annuities of all kinds are granted, and the rates fixed on the most favourable terms. 
 
 FIBE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Property of nearly every description at home and abroad, insured at the Lowest 
 Bates of Premiums corresponding to the Bisk. 
 
 Net Premiums lor 1896 amounted to £1,463,436. 4j. 7d. 
 
 Losses from Fire occasioned by Lightning made good by this Company. Losses or 
 Damage caused by Explosion of Gas in Buildings not forming part of any Gas Works, 
 are also paid. No charge for Alterations by Endorsements. Rents of Buildings insured. 
 Claims settled with promptitude and liberality. 
 
 LONDON: 61 Threadneedle Street, E.G. 
 
 West End Branch: 8 Waterloo Place, S.W. 
 EDINBURGH : 64 Princes Street. 
 
[vi] Incorporated Law Socikty's Handbook — 1898. 
 
 THE 
 
 SOLICITORS' LAW STATIONERY 
 SOCIETY, LIMITED. 
 
 Head Offices .- 22 CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C. 
 
 LAW WRITING AND ENGROSSING. 
 
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 22 Chancery Lane, W.C. 
 
 MANCHESTER. 
 
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 A Discount of 10 % allowed on Accounts 
 paid Monthly. 
 
 LAW PRINTING. 
 
 The Society has now greatly enlarged its 
 Printing Works, and Prints Statements of 
 Claim and Defence, Appeal Cases, Memo- 
 randum and Articles of Association, Books of 
 Reference, Parliamentary Bills, &c., with the 
 utmost care and to time. 
 
 A Discount of 10 % allowed on Accounts 
 paid Monthly. 
 
INCOKPORATED LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK —1898. [vii] 
 
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 Law Publishers, Booksellers, and Exporters, 
 
 Largest Dealers in Second-hand Law Reports and Text Books. 
 
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 10. Easement — Estate. 
 
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 " The official position of the author renders his opinion on questions of procedure of 
 great value." — Solioitobs* Journal. 
 
 Greenwood's Manual of the Practice of Conveyancing, 
 
 showing the present Practice relating to the Daily Routine of Conveyancing in 
 Solicitors' Offices. To which are added Concise Common Forms in Conveyancing. — 
 Ninth Edition. Edited by Harry Greenwood, M.A,, LL.D., B arris ter-at-Law. 
 Royal 8vo. 1897. Price 20s. cloth. 
 *' We should like to see it placed by his principal in the hands of every articled clerk. 
 
 One of the most useful practical works we have ever seen." — Law Students' Journal. 
 
 Wharton's Law Lexicon. Forming an Epitome of the "Law of Eng- 
 land and containing full Explanations of the Technical Terms and Phrases thereof, 
 both Ancient and Modem ; including the various Legal Terms used in Commercial 
 Business. Together with a Translation of the Latin Law Maxims and selected 
 Titles from the Civil, Scotch, and Indian Law. Ninth Edition. By J. M. Lely, Esq., 
 Barrister-at-Law. Super royal 8vo. 1892. Price £1. 18s. cloth. 
 " On almost every point both student and practitioner can gather information from 
 
 this invaluable book, which ought to be in every lawyer's office."— Gibson's Law Notes. 
 
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 Richard Harris, one of Her Majesty's Counsel Eleventh Edition. Royal 12mo. 
 1897. Price 7s. Gd. cloth. 
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 Journal. 
 
 "■'-* Catalogue of Law Works (gratis) on application. 
 
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[viii] Incobpokatbd Law Society's Handbook — 1898. 
 
 " There no longer exists any authorised series of 
 Reports in this country." 
 
 THE 
 
 Law Journal Reports 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 JOHN MEWS, Esq., Barrister-at-Law. 
 
 Joint Publishers. 
 
 References. 
 
 These Keports are now published jointly by 
 Stevens & Sons, Ltd., 119 & 120 Chancer}' 
 Lane, and Sweet & Maxwell, Ltd., 3 
 Chancery Lane, London. 
 
 References to these Reports will now be found 
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 Advantages of Sabscribing to these Reports. 
 
 There is only one volume in each year for each 
 Division of the Courts. 
 
 The LAW Journal Reports and Statutes for 
 each year may be conveniently bound in 
 three vols. The system of citation has not 
 been materially altered for 74 years. 
 
 Under the New Management all important cases 
 are reported promptly. 
 
 Nearly all the Judges have consented to revise 
 their judgments. 
 
 Mews' Annual Digest of all reported de- 
 cisions of the Superior Courts (issued 
 Quarterly, price 20«.) is supplied to Sub- 
 scribers at the reduced rate of 6«. per 
 Annum. 
 
 Annual Subscription, with the STATUTES (offi- 
 cially printed by the Queen's printers), is 
 only £'6. is. per Annum ; or bound in half- 
 calf , £3J^ 
 
 Subscribers have the additional advantage of 
 obtaining, for a further Subscription of £1 
 per Annum, the LAW Journal News- 
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HANDBOOK 
 
 OF THE 
 
 INCOEPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 OP THE UNITED KINGDOM 
 
 Pabt I. 
 
 HISTORICAL AND GENERAL 
 
 Pakt II. 
 
 Cbatters, Ecte, :Bi2e=l'aw6, 
 IReoulatlone, ^c 
 
 LONDON 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF THE 
 
 COUNCIL OF THE INCOKPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 1898 
 
PBINTBD BY 
 
 SPOTTISWOODE AND CO., NEW-STUEBT SQUAEK 
 
 LONDON 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CouKciL AND Officers op the Society v 
 
 HlSTOBY OF THE SociETy ..... , 1 
 
 History of the Profession . 27 
 
 Commissioners for Oaths 41 
 
 Call of Solicitors to the Bab 43 
 
 Legal Public Appointments 44 
 
 Admission of English Solicitors in the Colonies . . . . 49 
 
 „ of Colonial Solicitors in England .... 60 
 
 „ TO THE Legal Profession in Foreign Countries . . 62 
 
 The Society's Chaeters 65 
 
 „ Bye-Laws 75 
 
 „ General Eegulations 88 
 
 The Solicitors Acts, and other Acts affecting Solicitors . 93 
 
 Commissioners fob Oaths Acts . 155 
 
 Colonial Solicitors Acts 162 
 
 The Society's Library I67 
 
 Legal Education 169 
 
 Orders under Solicitors Act, 1877 173 
 
 Begulations for Pass Examinations 175 
 
 „ Honours Examinations and Prizes . . . 187 
 
 Local Prizes 190 
 
 Eegulations under Solicitors Act, 1894 192 
 
 Summary of Eegulations as to Examinations and Admission . 193 
 
 Honours Lists 201 
 
 Eegistry or Properties fob Sale, Clerkships, &o. ... 270 
 
 Law Society Club 272 
 
 Index 273 
 
The Postal Address of the Incorporated Law Society, U.K. is 
 No. 113 Chancery Lane, London, W.C. Address for telegrams 
 ' Interpret, London.' Telephones 24 and 69 Holborn. 
 
'lEOES JUIiAQUE SEE7AUUS 
 
 GOVERNING BODY AND OFFICIALS 
 COUNCIL, 1897-8 
 
 President. 
 WILLIAM GODDEN. 
 
 Viee-Presidmt, 
 CHAELES BEBKELEY MABGETTS, Huntingdon. 
 
 Joseph Addison 
 
 Hbnbt Attlee. 
 
 Chables Mtlnb Baekeb, J.P. 
 
 James Samtiel Beale. 
 
 Edmhnd Kell Blyth. 
 
 Ebenezeb John Bbistow. 
 
 John Wbefobd Budd. 
 
 eobeet cunliffe. 
 
 Eobeet Ellett, Cirencester. 
 
 William Feancis Fladoate. 
 
 The Et. Hon. Sir Hbnbt Habtley 
 Fowlee, M.P., G.C.S.I. 
 
 William Howaed Geay. 
 
 John Edwaed Gbay Hill, Liver- 
 pool. 
 
 John Hollams. 
 
 James Waenes JloyfijiiTT, Brighton. 
 
 John Hunieb. 
 
 Fbedeeich Halsby Janson. 
 
 Geinham Keen. 
 
 Benjamin Gbeene Lake. 
 
 Nathaniel Tbetius Lawbence. 
 Henby Manisty. 
 Thomas Maeshall, Leeds. 
 Joseph Faemeb Milne, J.P., Man- 
 chester. 
 
 FeEDEBIO PABKEBMOBBELL,Oa:/or(i. 
 
 Feancis Kebeidqe Munton. 
 
 Sir Thos. Paine. 
 
 Eiohaed Pennington, J.P. 
 
 Thomas Eawle. 
 
 Sir A. K. Eollit, M.P. 
 
 Heney Eosoob. 
 
 CoENELius Thomas Saundees, 
 
 Bvnniiigham. 
 Eobeet Lowe Geant Vassall, 
 
 Bristol. 
 William Melmoth Waltbes. 
 Aethce Wightman, Sheffield. 
 William Williams. 
 Hbney Wing, Nottingham. 
 William Howabd Winteebotham. 
 
VI GOVERNING BODY AND OFFICIALS 
 
 Extraordinary Members. 
 
 J. T. Atkinson, Selby. W. C. Loed, Manchester. 
 
 H. J. BiKCH, Cliester. J. M. Mooee, South Shields. 
 
 O. P. Daniel, Bamsgate. T. H. Russell, Birmi'ngham. 
 
 Fbedk. Gbegoey, Liverpool. \ E. C. Sewell, Cirencester. 
 
 G. F. Hill, Cardiff. < J. C. Woods, Swansea. 
 
 Secretary. Assistant Secretary. 
 
 E. W. Williamson. i S. P. B. Bucknill. 
 
 Clerk to Committees. Librarian. 
 
 H. F. Beown. I Feedeeick Boase. 
 
 Assistant Clerks to Committees. 
 A. C. Scholefield, W. K. Styles. 
 
 Clerks. 
 (General Office.) 
 H W. Maynaed. I F. J. FOSTEE. 
 
 C. E. ROBEKTS. 
 
 Clerks for Solicitors Cases. 
 C. R. Phillips. | C. C. Mitchinson. 
 
 S. C. T. C. Felgate. 
 
 Accountants' Department. 
 T. G. Gdbney. I E. W. Winch. 
 
 H. T. ROQEES. 
 
 H. R. M. Belwabd. 
 
 Auditors. 
 
 F. H. Lee. | E. H. Nash. 
 
 J. S. Chappelow. 
 
 Committee. 
 
 (Appointed under the Solicitors Act, 1888, 
 
 J. W. Bddd. 
 
 B. G. Lake (Chairman). 
 
 R. Ellett. 
 
 W. F. Fladgate, 
 
 H. Manisty. 
 
 W. Melmoth Waltees. 
 
 William Williams, 
 
ASSISTANT EXAMINEES 
 
 Vll 
 
 S. A.DDISON. 
 
 H. Attlee. 
 C. M. Barker. 
 E. K. Blyth. 
 
 Examination Committee. 
 
 E. Cdnliffe. 
 Wm. Godden. 
 W. H. Gbay. 
 C. B. Mabseiis. 
 
 F. P. MOKRELL. 
 
 F. K. Mdnton. 
 E. Pennington. 
 Sir A. K. EoLLiT. 
 
 ASSISTANT EXAMINERS 
 
 Name. 
 C. Knight Watson . 
 
 C, E. Haselfoot 
 
 A. E. Cowley . 
 E. Eajiikez 
 
 P. DE ASAKTA . 
 
 PrelimiTUtry Examination. 
 
 Subjects, 
 
 r English Composition, Geography, History, 
 ' \ Elementary Latin, and Latin and Greek. 
 J Writing from Dictation, Arithmetio,Euclid, 
 ■ \ and Algebra. 
 
 French and German. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 E. F. Day 
 
 P, W. Chandler 
 
 F. W. Mann 
 
 Intermediate Examination. 
 
 Stephen's Commentaries (18th Edition). 
 
 {Conveyancing, Eights of Property in things 
 real. The portion of Book II. which is 
 contained in Vol. I. 
 (Personal Eights, Eights of Property in 
 things Personal. Eights in Private Eela- 
 tions. Book I., the remaining portion 
 of Book II., and Book III. 
 / The Study of the Law. Civil injuries and 
 their Eemedies (being proceedings in all 
 divisions of the Supreme Court). The 
 Else, Progress, and General Improve- 
 ment of the Laws of England. Intro- 
 duction, Book v., and Conclusion. 
 
 E. E. Cdnliffe 
 J, H. P. Chitiy 
 
 Final Examination. 
 
 ( The Principles of the Law of Eeal and 
 . \ Personal Property, and the Practice of 
 I Conveyancing. 
 
 I The Principles of Law and Procedure in 
 matters usually determined or admin- 
 istered in the Chancery Division of the 
 High Court of Justice. 
 
viii ASSISTANT EXAMINERS 
 
 , The Principles o£ Law and Procedure in 
 
 matters usually determined or adminis- 
 
 B. W. Poole \ tered in the Queen's Bench Division of 
 
 the High Court of Justice, and the Law 
 
 ^ and Practice of Bankruptcy. 
 
 , The Principles of Law and Procedure id 
 
 matters usually determined or adminis- 
 
 H. E. Johnson . tered in the Probate, Divorce, and Admi- 
 
 and ralty Division of the High Court of 
 
 H. Bevik . Justice ; Ecclesiastical and Criminal 
 
 I Law and Practice ; and Proceedings 
 
 ' before Justices of the Peace. 
 
 Honours ExamiiiaUon. 
 
 ( The Principles of the Law of Keal and 
 Dr. E. E. Blyth . ] Personal Property, and the Practice of 
 
 L Conveyancing. 
 
 j' The Principles of Law and Procedure in 
 
 , „ . I matters usually determined or adminis- 
 
 „ A. i±. AKNOULD j ^gj^.g^ jjj j]^g Chancery Division of the 
 
 [ High Court of Justice. 
 
 I The Principles of Law and Procedure in 
 matters usually determined or adminis- 
 tered in the Queen's Bench Division of 
 the High Court of Justice, and the Law 
 and Practice of Bankruptcy. 
 I The Principles of Law and Procedure in 
 matters usually determined or adminis- 
 tered in the Probate, Divorce, and Admi- 
 Leslie Huntek ralty Division of the High Court of 
 
 Justice, Ecclesiastical and Criminal Law 
 and Practice, and Proceedings before 
 Justices of the Peace. 
 
 Law Tutors. 
 
 Dr. Leonard H. West \ Students who have not passed the Inter- 
 
 [ mediate Examination. 
 James Carter Habrison . | Students who have passed the Inter- 
 
 I mediate Examination. 
 
/r 
 
 PAET I 
 
 HISTORICAL AND GENERAL 
 
 HISTORY OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 In the introduction to the first issue of the Incorporated Law 
 Society's Calendar it was stated that prior to the year 1825 
 there was no trace of any organization designed for purposes 
 analogous to those for which the Incorporated Law Society 
 was established, and this statement is repeated in many of 
 the earlier prospectuses of the Society. 
 
 But some documents discovered in the Society's vaults 
 prove that in the year 1739 such a society, called 'The 
 Society of Gentlemen Practisers in the several Courts of Law 
 and Equity,' was established, and at its first meeting ' declared 
 its utmost abhorrence of all male and unfair practice,' and 
 took measures to detect and discountenance the same. In 
 the year 1810, when the available records end, that Society 
 was in full activity, and in a prosperous financial condition ; 
 and there is evidence of its continued activity in the year 1822. 
 
 The Council have recently published the Minutes of the 
 Society's proceedings, many of which are of considerable 
 interest. It is not known what happened to the Society after 
 the year 1822, but the want of a society to protect their 
 interests and represeht their views was dwelt upon in a 
 prospectus issued in January, 1825, by some of the leading 
 members of the profession. They proposed that a Society 
 should be formed, and should be called the ' London Law 
 Institution.' The word ' London ' was, however, left out of 
 the title— in deference, no doubt, to the reasonable objections 
 
 B 
 
2 THE INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 wliich were, or were thought likely to be, entertained by 
 country solicitors — before the Society came into existence. 
 
 It might naturally be supposed that the name of the actual 
 author of the scheme would figure prominently in the Society's 
 earliest records. But, so far is this from being the case, that 
 no trace of it is to be found until the month of January, 
 1832, when the thanks of a special general meeting of the 
 members were offered to Mr. Bryan Holme ' for his exertions 
 in the original formation of the Law Institution, which had 
 led to the establishment of the " Incorporated Law Society." 
 To this gentleman (whose portrait may be seen in the Society's 
 Hall) is due the honour of having set on foot the movement 
 of which the prospectus was the first public indication. It 
 is interesting to note that Mr. Holme was a Member of the 
 earlier Society. 
 
 The issue of the prospectus was followed by a meeting, 
 held on the 29th of March, 1826, at Serle's Coffee House, of 
 solicitors who had given in their adhesion to the cause ; and 
 at this meeting a committee was appointed to draw up a 
 scheme for submission to a general meeting of the subscribers. 
 
 There are records of the holding of committee meetings at 
 short intervals, down to the date of a general meeting held on 
 the 2nd of June in the same year ; at which latter meeting a 
 report of the result of the committee's deliberations was pre- 
 sented, and a number of resolutions prepared by them were 
 carried unanimously. 
 
 The names of the gentlemen who composed the com- 
 mittee were — 
 
 Richard White. j Richard Harrison. 
 
 Bryan Holme. George Spence. 
 
 George Frere. Daniel Reardon. 
 
 William Seymour. I Jonathan Brundrett. 
 
 Thomas Adlington. ! Stephen Richards. 
 
 Edward Foss. I William Lowe. 
 
 Samuel Amory. 1 Thomas Hamilton. 
 
 George Hundleby. ' Samuel White Sweet. 
 
 William Tooke. | Richard Woodhouse. 
 
 The leading features of the original scheme embraced the 
 
ORIGINAL SCHEME 3 
 
 formation of a society called the ' Law Institution ' ; the 
 purchase of a piece of land with a view to the erection of a 
 suitable building ; the raising for that and other purposes of 
 a capital (afterwards considerably increased) of £50,000 in 
 £25 shares ; the provision, by yearly subscriptions and by 
 the rental to be derived from parts of the building, of the 
 annual expense of the Institution and of interest for the 
 money raised ; and the appointment of a committee of 
 management, consisting of twenty-four of the proprietors, 
 who were, among other things, deputed to prepare a deed of 
 settlement, to purchase the site, to erect the building, and 
 generally to manage all the concerns of the Institution. 
 
 The committee of management went to work at once. At 
 their first meeting they made an admirable selection for the 
 important office of secretary in the person of Mr. Eobert 
 Maugham, who had previously acted as secretary to the pre- 
 liminary committee, and who continued to fill the office of 
 secretary to the Institution until his death, in the year 1862. 
 The estimation in which he was held, and the value of the 
 services which he rendered, were repeatedly recognised during 
 his term of office in resolutions of the members and in reports 
 of the committee and Council successively; and it will not 
 be out of place to record here the tribute paid to his memory 
 in a report of the Council, written shortly after the close of 
 his long and most honourable and useful life. 
 
 ' The Council with deep and unaffected sorrow refer to the 
 recent death of their old and highly valued friend, Mr. Eobert 
 Maugham, who has filled the office of secretary to the Society 
 from its first establishment. It is impossible for them to over- 
 estimate the value of the services rendered to the Society, and 
 through it to the profession at large, by their lamented friend 
 during this long period of upwards of thirty-five years ; and 
 they are satisfied that his indefatigable industry, his con- 
 scientious and well-directed zeal, his good sense and sound 
 judgment, and his uniform courtesy and kindliness of heart, 
 have materially contributed to the welfare and success of the 
 Society, as well as to the best interests of the profession.' 
 
 E 2 
 
4 THE INCORPOKATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 Having appointed their secretary, the committee turned 
 their attention to the performance of the obligations which 
 they had undertaken. And those obUgations were not light 
 ones. The choice of a site appropriate in situation, large 
 enough for the purpose required, and not exceeding in price 
 the limits of an untried exchequer, was alone a matter which 
 called for the greatest care and deliberation ; and at a general 
 meeting of the members held in June, 1827, the committee 
 were unable to report that they had secured a spot on which 
 to erect the Society's building, though they had then reduced 
 the conflicting claims of available situations to a compara- 
 tively small number. 
 
 They were, however, in a position to record at the same 
 meeting the completion of a very important part of their 
 labours in the shape of a carefully prepared deed of settle- 
 ment. This deed bore date the 16th of February, 1827, and 
 under its provisions Mr. Jonathan Brundrett of the Temple, 
 Mr. George Frere of Lincoln's Inn, Mr. William Tooke of 
 Gray's Inn, and Mr. Eiehard White of Essex Street, were 
 constituted the first trustees of the Society's property. 
 
 By the month of June, 1828, the committee had secured 
 a convenient site, with a double frontage, by the purchase of 
 two houses in Chancery Lane, a small house in the rear of 
 them in Pope's Head Court, and another house in BeU Yard ; 
 and the following year saw the purchase of these houses, and 
 of another house in Bell Yard, which had been added to the 
 number, completed, with the sanction of an Act of ParUa- 
 ment, which it was found necessary to obtain for the 
 purpose. 
 
 The details of the plan of the building occupied a good 
 deal of time, and its completion was delayed by exceptionally 
 severe weather, by party wall and ancient light disputes, and 
 other causes ; but on the 28th of June, 1831, the members 
 of the Society had the satisfaction of holding their annual 
 meeting, for the first time, in their own Hall. They did 
 not fail to mark the circumstance by paying a well-earned 
 tribute of thanks to the committee of management ' for the 
 
BALL AND LIBBARY 5 
 
 eontinued devotion of their time and attention to the affairs 
 and interests of the Institution.' 
 
 It may be well, though at some sacrifice of chronological 
 order, to trace at this point the successive stages which have 
 brought the Society's building to its present dimensions. 
 The subject does not admit of attractive historical treatment, 
 and it will suffice to notice very briefly, as landmarks in the 
 development of the Society's influence and importance, the 
 additions from time to time made to the original structure. 
 
 The building in which the annual meeting of June, 1831, 
 was held corresponded with the central portion of the present 
 Institiition, and has remained substantially unaltered down 
 to the present time. In the year 1849 a wing (contemplated 
 by the original design) was built out on the north side, 
 which, among other things, enabled an important addition 
 to be made to the Library. In 1857 a corresponding wing 
 (also contemplated by the original design) was added on the 
 south side, by means of which the Library again materially 
 profited, and provision was made, in the way of offices, for 
 the despatch of the Society's business. Further acquisitions 
 ■of property— embracing the greater part of the block of 
 buildings lying between the Society's then existing building 
 and Carey Street — were made between the years 1864 and 
 1870 ; and in the last-mentioned year a part of the property 
 so acquired was broiTght into use by the erection upon it of 
 a handsome Hall for examinations and lectures, and of other 
 important additions. 
 
 It is in {he nature of things that, in the process of creating 
 and placing on a secure footing such an undertaking as this 
 Society, it should be found impracticable to carry into effect 
 some part of the design originally contemplated by its pro- 
 jectors ; and, on the other hand, that in the course of time 
 many objects and purposes, not foreseen by them, should be 
 found to be within its reach. Both of these features have 
 been illustrated in the Society's history ; and of the former, 
 the Hall of the Institution furnishes a curious instance. 
 
 It would hardly be guessed by any member now entering 
 
6 THE INCOKPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 the Hall that it was origimally intended to make use of it as 
 'an exchange to be open to attorneys, solicitors, proctors, 
 and such principal officers, at all hours of the day ; but some 
 particular hour to be fixed as the general time for assembling ; 
 to be furnished with desks or inclosed tables running on each 
 side of the room for the whole length of it, affording ' similar 
 accommodation to those in Lloyd's Coffee House ; ' and that 
 it was further proposed to attach to the exchange ' an ante- 
 room for the articled and managing clerks of members, and 
 also for other persons (not in the profession) who might have 
 occasion to call on the members at the Institution.' 
 
 That this plan was never carried out it is hardly necessary 
 to say; nor does its rehnquishment call for any comment 
 here. But no account of the Society's building would be 
 complete which omitted mention of the purpose to which it 
 was at first proposed to appropriate the great Hall. 
 
 Before finally parting with the building, some mention 
 should be made of the Society's Library. Its acquisition was 
 one of the prominent features of the original design ; but the 
 general funds of the Institution did not justify any outlay 
 upon that object for several years. Meanwhile, however, the 
 foundation had been laid by a gift from Mr. Metcalfe, an 
 active member of the committee of management, of the whole 
 of the public statutes at large ; and other donations of valuable 
 books, and of money for the purchase of more, had been com- 
 ing in steadily from Judges, members of the Bar, members of 
 the Society, and from many others. It is strange to read now, 
 with the present aspect of the Library in mind, tte language 
 of congratulation in which the Committee reported in the 
 year 1832 that upwards of 1,000 volumes had been collected. 
 It has so increased and multiplied by means of donations and 
 purchases since those days that the volumes at the present 
 time exceed 35,000 in number. They are of the most valuable 
 and varied character. To attempt any classification of them 
 here would be quite impossible ; but it may be mentioned that 
 the Library contains, in, addition to a vast number of law 
 books properly so called, a very fine collection of topographical 
 
FIRST CH^iETER 7 
 
 and genealogical works, county histories and works on 
 American, Colonial, and Foreign law, together with the best 
 collection of private Acts of Parliament in Great Britian. To 
 these may be added the mention of a large number of valuable 
 ecclesiastical works, many of them being unique and of great 
 value, which were presented to the Society a few years since. 
 The original deed of settlement was superseded on the 
 22nd of December, 1831, by a Eoyal Charter, and by an 
 elaborate series of bye-laws prepared under the authority of 
 the Charter. The latter, which was by no means granted as 
 of course, and was indeed obtained only after very consider- 
 able exertion on the part of the committee, was in its turn 
 surrendered under circumstances presently to be related. 
 Most of the provisions of the deed of settlement were incor- 
 porated in the Charter. 
 
 The composite character of the Society's original constitu- 
 tion — the admixture of a joint-stock share element with a 
 system of annual subscription — arose out of the necessity for 
 providing the means of meeting a large immediate outlay in 
 the nature of capital. That it had no connection with a 
 desire for personal gain is to be conclusively inferred from 
 the fact that the number of shares to be held by any one 
 member was rigidly limited to twenty. The services of the 
 committee of management were, moreover, then, as are those 
 of the Council now, given gratuitously ; and the whole 
 character of the Institution was practically as far removed 
 from that of a commercial speculation when it was first 
 founded as it is at the present time. 
 
 Nevertheless, it soon appeared that the joint-stock element 
 in the enterprise was productive of many practical incon- 
 veniences, and interfered both with the dignity and the useful- 
 ness of the Society. These disadvantages were placed before 
 the members in very clear and forcible terms in a report of 
 the committee of management, presented at an annual general 
 meeting, held on the 5th of July, 1842 ; and at a special 
 meeting which took place shortly afterwards resolutions were 
 passed which bad in view the remodelling of the Society's 
 
8 THE INCORPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 constitution, ' upon the principle of other professional, literary, 
 and scientific bodies.' 
 
 The principal matter for consideration was, as may be 
 supposed, the mode of dealing with the shares. Most of these 
 were held by members of the Society, but some of them had 
 passed into the hands of representatives of deceased members, 
 who occupied, under the Society's constitution, the anomalous 
 position of not being capable of recognition as members, and 
 yet having a certain entity which could not be disregarded ; 
 of having an interest in the capital but not in the profits ; 
 and of holding shares in the property of the Society, without 
 contributing to its support. 
 
 In so far as this latter class of shares was concerned, it was 
 decided that the only practicable method of dealing with them 
 was to get them in by purchase ; while, as to the shares of 
 members, it was resolved that they should be given up to the 
 Society, and that to the extent of one share of each member 
 (which was the amount of the holding in the large majority 
 of cases) the shares should be taken to represent the equiva- 
 lent of an entrance fee. It was further arranged that surplus 
 shares held by any of the members should be purchased by 
 the Society. 
 
 The scheme — although involving some slight pecuniary 
 sacrifice — was loyally accepted by the members. The change 
 of constitution was carried out ; the property of the Society 
 was conveyed to trustees ; the old Charter was surrendered to 
 the Crown, and in place of it a new one, which bears date the 
 26th of February, 1845, was granted, on the petition ' of our 
 trusty and well-beloved Edward Foss and Michael Clayton.' 
 It will be found in this volume. A fresh set of bye-laws was 
 also framed under the powers of the new Charter. 
 
 Simultaneously the committee of management ceased to 
 exist, but only to be reconstituted under the name of the 
 Council. 
 
 Under the Charter of 1845, as amended by a supplemental 
 Charter obtained in 1872 — also to be found in this volume, 
 and having for its object an increase in the number of the 
 
FIEST COUNCIL 9 
 
 Council, and the creation of a system of extraordinary 
 members of the Council selected from presidents of provincial 
 Law Societies — the Society still remains constituted. 
 
 It may not be inappropriate to mention here the names of 
 the gentlemen who composed the Society's first Council. 
 They were : — 
 
 Michael Clayton, President. 
 Edwabd Eowland Pickeeing, Vice-President. 
 
 Samuel Amory. 
 Benjamin Austin. 
 Eobert Eiddell Bayley. 
 Edward Smith Bigg. 
 Thomas Clarke. 
 John Coverdale. 
 WiUiam Loxham Parrer. 
 John Irving Gleimie. 
 Alexander Wm. Grant. 
 John Swarbreok Gregory. 
 Richard Harrison. 
 Bryan Holme. 
 George Herbert Kinderley. 
 Edward Lawford. 
 
 William Lowe. 
 
 Eobert Wheatley Lumley. 
 
 Thomas Metcalfe. 
 
 Edward Leigh Pemberton. 
 
 John Innes Pocock. 
 
 Charles Eanken. 
 
 Charles Shadwell. 
 
 John James Joseph Sudlow. 
 
 John Teesdale. 
 
 William Tooke. 
 
 Eichard White. 
 
 Eobert Whitmore. 
 
 Edward Archer Wilde. 
 
 Thomas Wing. 
 
 The first published list of subscribers, which appears to 
 have been issued simultaneously with the original Prospectus 
 in the early part of the year 1825, shows that the scheme had 
 at once commended itself to 223 members of the profession. 
 By the month of May in the following year this number had 
 swelled to 407, in which number country members figured for 
 the first time ; and in the year 1835 the members made the 
 goodly show, for so young a body, of 1,015. The rate of 
 progression was continuous up to the time when the important 
 change of constitution, which has been described, was made, 
 and for several years afterwards ; but it naturally became 
 much slower after the first few years of the Society's estab- 
 lishment, and as the number of members grew larger, and the 
 Society older, losses from death and other causes began to 
 form an increasing item of subtraction to be set off against 
 the addition of new members. Generally advancing, some- 
 times standing still, and sometimes even receding, the numbers 
 
10 THE INCOEPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 have varied from year to year ; and to all who have the interest 
 of their profession at heart it will be matter for congratula- 
 tion that during the past twelve years the recognition of the 
 Society's claim to support has been manifested in a degree 
 far more marked than at any other period of its history. The 
 Eoll of Members at the end of the year 1 897 showed a total 
 of 7,730. 
 
 In the year 1844, or thereabouts, an impression that the 
 Society was somewhat too metropolitan in its constitution 
 resulted in the formation of the ' Metropolitan and Provincial 
 Law Association.' This body contained in its committee of 
 management an equal number of London and of country 
 solicitors ; and it was the custom of its members to hold pro- 
 vincial meetings, at which questions involving the interests of 
 the profession were discussed, and social gatherings of London 
 and country members of the profession were brought about. 
 
 In process of time it became manifest that the interests of 
 the two bodies were identical, and that their efforts were 
 directed to the same ends. And hence it fell out that after 
 the two Societies had coexisted, on cordially amicable terms, 
 for many years, the Metropolitan and Provincial Law Asso- 
 ciation, which had done excellent service in its day to the 
 profession, voluntarily resigned its name and individuality, 
 and became merged in the Incorporated Law Society. 
 
 As a natural outcome of this arrangement, the Society 
 established a system of annual provincial meetings, corre- 
 sponding in character with those formerly held by the Associa- 
 tion. The first of these meetings was held on the 21st and 
 22nd of October, 1874, at Leeds. Similar annual provincial 
 meetings have since been held ia most of the important local 
 centres in England. They have in each ease been opened 
 with an address from the President of the Society ; a number 
 of interesting papers have been read and discussed ; and very 
 pleasant opportunities have been afforded of bringing London 
 solicitors into friendly contact with their professional brethren 
 in the provinces. 
 
 Enough has now been said of the Society's private con- 
 
LEGAX, EDUCATION 11 
 
 cerns, and it remains to show how far its public aims and 
 purposes, whether contemplated by its founders or grafted in 
 process of time on to the original design, have been fulfilled. 
 It would not be possible within these limits to travel over all 
 the ground which so wide a subject offers ; but some, at least, 
 of the results which have followed from the Society's establish- 
 inent may well be noticed, 
 
 A few years after the incorporation of the Society the very 
 important subject of legal education began to engage its special 
 attention. At that time the acquisition of a knowledge of 
 the principles and practice of the law by articled clerks was 
 entirely dependent upon their individual exertions, the super- 
 vision of their principals, and such opportunities as might 
 chance to be within their reach of obtaining sound guidance 
 and instruction. Nor was any other test exacted from those 
 entermg into the profession than evidence of due service under 
 articles, and of character. The serious evUs attending such 
 a state of things were manifest ; and in the year 1833 the 
 Society took the first active step towards the removal of a 
 grave reproach by providing for the delivery of lectures on the 
 different branches of common law, equity, and conveyancing. 
 
 The institution of lectures was quickly followed up in the 
 year 1836 by the very important measure of obtaining, from 
 the Judges, with whom exclusively the matter rested, a recog- 
 nition of the obvious fact that it was expedient to examine 
 candidates for admission as attorneys and solicitors as to their 
 knowledge of the law and of the practice of the Courts. 
 Effect was given to this view by rules of Court, under which 
 twelve of the senior members of the committee of manage- 
 ment were appointed, jointly with the masters and prothono- 
 taries of the Superior Courts, to be the examiners. The stamp 
 of the Society's connection with the examinations was, at the 
 same time, effectually set upon them by the selection of the 
 Hall of the Institution as a 'fit and convenient place ' in 
 which to hold them. 
 
 The first examination was held in Michaelmas Term, 1836. 
 It was of a purely qualifying character, and could result in 
 
12 THE IXCOIiPOEATED LAAV SOCIETY 
 
 910 individual distinction. The examination has been supple- 
 mented by a separate examination designed for the special 
 encouragement of those who seek to attain a high standard 
 ■oi merit, and not merely to qualify themselves for admission. 
 Prizes have, moreover, been instituted by the Society, and by 
 public bodies and individuals interested in the cause of legal 
 education ; and a system of certificates of merit has been 
 -established. Among the prizes special interest attaches to an 
 important one founded by Miss Ellen Eeardon, in memory of 
 iher father, the late Mr. Daniel Eeardon, who was a member 
 •of the original committee. 
 
 Again : two other examinations of great importance have 
 been established — the Preliminary Examination, to test the 
 articled clerk's competence in general education for entry into 
 a profession calling for many and varied attainments ; and 
 the Intermediate Examination, to act as a stimulus to the 
 profitable use of the earlier portion of the time of service 
 under articles. 
 
 In the year 1877 the Act was passed which emancipated 
 the profession from external interference with this most im- 
 portant branch of its affairs. The entire practical control of 
 the Preliminary, Intermediate, and Final Examinations was, 
 by that Act, placed — not merely as a permissive, but as a 
 ■compulsory, matter — in the hands of the Incorporated Law 
 Society, which thus acquired as of right that which it had 
 •only before enjoyed (and that in a partial degree) by the 
 favour of the Judges. An ' Examination Committee ' of 
 rthe Council was appointed on the passing of this Act, and 
 they have been actively engaged in organising and super- 
 vising the working of the system which it inaugurated. 
 The Council have, in exercise of the power given to them by 
 the Act, appointed a staff of paid assistant examiners^ all of 
 whom have been selected from among practising members 
 ■oi the profession — to aid them in the conduct of the examina- 
 tions, and have also effected the improvements in the scheme 
 of the Final Examination, of which detailed particulars will 
 •be found in this volume. 
 
LEGAL EDUCATION 13 
 
 While there is every cause for rejoicing in this great step 
 of advancement, it is only just to add that, under the old 
 order of things, the Judges displayed on all occasions a 
 cordial desire to meet the views of the Society upon questions 
 connected with the examinations, and to place the control of 
 them, as far as possible, in the hands of those whom they 
 saw to be the best fitted to exercise it. 
 
 To the efforts of the Society are due all the steps by 
 which these examinations have increased in importance, in 
 efficiency, and in the essential feature of being under the 
 direct control of the Council ; and in particular, the very 
 important Act of 1877 originated with, and was prepared 
 and promoted by, the Society. 
 
 The system of lectures — commenced, as already stated, in 
 the year 1883 — was, in the year 1864, supplemented by law 
 classes, to which, in 1879, were added elementary classes for 
 the benefit of articled clerks who had not passed their Inter- 
 mediate Examination. In 1892 the then existing system was 
 abolished, and the present system of instruction by tutors 
 was established. 
 
 Articled clerks may now also attend the lectures and 
 classes, given or held in connection with the Inns of Court, 
 under the direction of the Council of Legal Education. 
 
 In concluding these observations upon the Society's 
 educational work it may be pointed out that the example 
 set by solicitors, of establishing an efficient system of exam- 
 inations and lectures, led to the adoption of like measures 
 by the Inns of Court ; and that the benefit of this great 
 step of educational advancement was thus extended to 
 both branches of the profession. Nor can it be doubted 
 that to the community at large an important gain must 
 accrue from so marked an improvement in the course of 
 study of those preparing for active practice in the legal 
 profession. 
 
 Another subject closely identified with the Society's public 
 history is that of the legislation specially affecting solicitors. 
 This was, at the time of the Society's institution, to be 
 
14 THE INCORPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 found in Acts and parts of Acts numbering in all nearly 
 seventy, and extending back in date to the reign of Henry 
 III. It may readily, therefore, be supposed that there was 
 urgent need for consolidation and improvement ; and, on the 
 other hand, that the task of placing matters on a satisfactory 
 footing was not an easy one to face. It was, however, 
 undertaken not long after the Society had been securely 
 established ; and in the year 1839 the stage had been 
 reached of preparing and submitting to the Master of the 
 Eolls an outline of a consolidating Act. From that time, 
 until the passing of the Act in the year 1843, the committee 
 laboured without intermission to make it an effective piece of 
 legislation. 
 
 Special interest attaches also, for members of the Society, 
 to the Solicitors Act, 1843, from the circumstance of its being 
 the first public Act of Parliament in which the Society is re- 
 ferred to by name, and its representative capacity recognised, 
 and that, too, in a most important way. The 21st Section of 
 the Act created the office of Registrar of Attorneys and 
 Solicitors, and deputed the duties of the office to the 
 Society. 
 
 The Solicitors Act of 1843 has been followed by those of 
 1860, of 1870, of 1874, of 1877, of 1881, of 1888, and of 1894. 
 In the promotion of all these Acts the Society took a leading 
 part. The Act of 1860 was of the Society's own preparation ; 
 that of 1870 (though its efficiency was very considerably im- 
 paired by alterations made in the course of the passage of the 
 Bill through Parhament) followed the lines of a Bill intro- 
 duced into the House of Lords, a few years previously, at the 
 instance of the Society, which had then been lost by a small 
 majority on the second reading ; while in the Act of 1874 the 
 Society obtained a further practical recognition of its repre- 
 sentative character, in the provision that notice should be 
 given to it of all applications made for the removal of the 
 names of attorneys and solicitors from the Roll, and that it 
 should be at liberty to appear and be heard ou such applica- 
 tions. 
 
DISCIPLINE ] S 
 
 Of the Act of 1877, in so far as it relates to the subject of 
 examinations, mention has already been made ; but it may 
 be pointed out that by this same Act following the Public 
 Worship Act, 1874, a right to practise before Ecclesiastical 
 tribunals is finally secured to solicitors. The passing of 
 the Act was largely due to the unsparing and influential 
 exertions of the late Mr. Francis Thomas Bircham, whose 
 assistance was most valuable in advancing the progress of the 
 measure through Parliament, and who was ably seconded by 
 the late Mr. Edward Frederick Burton, at the tmie Vice- 
 President of the Society. 
 
 Prior to the SoUcitors Act, 1888, it was the practice of the 
 Court on an application being made to strike a solicitor off the 
 EoU on the ground of misconduct, or to compel him to answer 
 matters contained in an af&davit, to refer the whole matter, if 
 the facts were disputed, to one of the Masters of the Court, 
 who was directed to receive evidence on oath and to report 
 his findings to the Court. When the Master made his report 
 the matter came again before the Court, and in the event of 
 the report being adverse to the solicitor it frequently happened 
 that the case was argued again on practically the same 
 materials as were before the Court when the matter was 
 referred. 
 
 For a long time the Council had felt that this procedure 
 might be simplified and improved, and they adopted a sugges- 
 tion made by Mr. E. W. Williamson, the Secretary of the 
 Society, that it was fitting that the Society should become the 
 recognised authority for inquiring into and reporting to the 
 Court in reference to charges of misconduct brought against 
 solicitors, and should have delegated to it the powers then 
 exercised by a Master of the Court. 
 
 The suggestion was embodied in a paper read by Sir 
 Henry Watson Parker at the Annual ProAdncial Meeting in 
 1887, and again in a paper read by Mr. Benjamin Greene 
 Lake at the Annual Provincial ]\Ieeting in 1888. 
 
 An opportunity of putting forward the Council's views 
 soon occurred, in consequence of the death of Mr, Murray, the 
 
16 THE INCORPOKATED LAAV SOCIETY 
 
 clerk to the Petty Bag Office, in the year 1888, which rendered 
 legislation necessary for the purpose of providing for the 
 custody of the Eoll of Solicitors. 
 
 After many communications with Lord Esher, the Master 
 of the EoUs, who was good enough to take great interest in 
 the subject and devoted much time to it, a Bill was prepared, 
 after consultation with the Lord Chancellor and the other 
 Judges, which the Master of the Rolls introduced into the 
 House of Lords. The Bill passed through the various stages 
 in both Houses of Parliament, and received the Eoyal assent 
 on the 24th of December, 1888. 
 
 By this Act the custody of the EoU of Sohcitors is given 
 to the Society, and the registration of articles of clerkship, 
 the admission and readmission of solicitors, the renewal of 
 their certificates, and matters of this character which had pre- 
 viously formed part of the business transacted in the Petty 
 Bag Office, are now, subject in some respects to an appeal to 
 the Master of the Eolls, intrusted to this Society. 
 
 This change has resulted in considerable benefit to the 
 public and to the profession. 
 
 Provisions are contained in the Act for the appointment of 
 a committee composed of members of the Council, to receive 
 and report upon all applications affecting the conduct of 
 sohcitors, and rules have been sanctioned by the proper 
 authorities for regulating the procedure of the committee, 
 which are contained in another part of this book. 
 
 The first committee appointed under the Act consisted of 
 the following Members of the Council : — 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Greene Lake 
 
 (Chairman). 
 Mr. E. J. Bristow. 
 Mr. Henry Markby. 
 Sir Thomas Paine. 
 
 Sir Henry Watson Parker. 
 Mr. Cornelius Thomas 
 
 Saunders. 
 Mr. William Williams. 
 
 To the ' Solicitors Acts,' technically so called, must now 
 be added the very important Solicitors' Eemuneration Act 
 1881, in obtaining which the Society bore a conspicuous part. 
 
INFLUENCE ON LEGISLATION 17 
 
 The influence brought to bear by the Society upon the 
 statutes directly affecting the profession has by no means 
 been confined to legislation exclusively relating to solicitors. 
 Every available opportunity has been taken of obtaining the 
 introduction into current legislation of provisions furthering 
 the just advancement and protecting the interests of solicitors 
 as a class. The pages of the Statute Book bear witness to 
 the fruit of these exertions. A right to practise in the 
 Probate and Divorce Court, the Ecclesiastical Courts, and the 
 Admiralty Court, and a right of audience in the Bankruptcy 
 Division, have been secured ; the anomaly which allowed a 
 solicitor to sit in the House of Commons, and to be a Justice 
 of the Peace for a borough, but precluded him from being a 
 Justice of the Peace for counties, has been, in part, swept 
 away ; and many other advantages have been won. And in 
 the way of protective legislation the Society has originated 
 some, improved others, and supported all of the restrictions 
 which have been from time to time imposed on attempts by 
 unqualified persons to trespass on the hardly earned privileges 
 of the profession. 
 
 Closely connected with the subject of what may be termed 
 legislation of a professional character, is that of the Society's 
 operations in the same direction out of Parliament. Its 
 attention has been at all times directed to the protection of 
 the interests of the profession, in matters so various and com- 
 plex as to defy any comprehensive definition. Turning over 
 the chronicles of the past fifty years, we find the first illustra- 
 tion of this branch of the Society's operations as far back as 
 the year 1832, when a notice was given, at a general meeting 
 of the members, of an intention to move a resolution as to a 
 disputed question of the right of a solicitor of the Court of 
 Chancery to practise, without further admission, in the Court 
 of Exchequer. Again, in the records of the year 1834 the 
 first mention is to be found of the Society's action in upholding 
 the discipline and guarding the good name of the profession, 
 by taking steps to secure the closing of its ranks against those 
 
18 THE INCOKPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 who were, in the Society's judgment, not fitted to enter them, 
 and the total or temporary expulsion of those who, having 
 gained admission, by their unworthy acts tarnished the honour 
 of the general body of its members. 
 
 The investigation, already refeirred to, of cases of mal- 
 practice, varying in degree and kind, has ever since formed a 
 most necessary and important — but by far the most painful — 
 duty of the committee and Council in succession. While it is 
 eminently desirable that the honour of the profession should 
 be jealously maintained, it is equally impodiant that the 
 Society should not be made use of as a mere instrument for 
 private revenge, or for the recovery of money ; nor its process 
 called into action unless when sufficient cause for judicial 
 inquiry is established. 
 
 To mention in detail all, or many, of the various matters 
 relating to the profession, which have at different times 
 occupied the Society's attention, would be impossible vrithout 
 filling this volume. Nor would the result be adequate to the 
 labour bestowed upon the task. Many and great changes 
 have passed over the heads of even the present generation of 
 lawyers ; and efforts of the Society directed to remedy some 
 grievance, or effect some improvement, for the benefit of the 
 profession, under a given state of law and practice, have 
 passed into oblivion with the law and practice in which they 
 were bound up. But to sum up in general terms a few of 
 the leading subjects among the multitude of those which have 
 engaged the Society's attention, as touching, nearly, the 
 interests of solicitors, it may be said that when rules or 
 regulations have come into force, by which unnecessary 
 obstruction or oppression has been laid upon solicitors in 
 carrying on the work of their profession ; when the conduct 
 of business has been impeded, to the prejudice of suitors and 
 solicitors aUke, by delays capable of remedial measures ; when 
 claims unjust to solicitors have been asserted on behalf of the 
 Bar ; when a chance has presented itself of improving the 
 ill-adapted system of solicitors' remuneration ; when advice 
 
LAW COFETS 19 
 
 has been needed, by any member of the profession, upon a 
 pomt of etiquette or difficulty : under all these, and many 
 other circumstances, the Society has laboured for the benefit 
 of the general body. Success may not always have crowned 
 its efforts ; discouragements have not been wanting ; but 
 much has been done, and much, too, has been striven for, 
 which, if it has not yet borne fruit, has paved the way for 
 future results. 
 
 Before turning to the last subject remaining for notice — 
 the Society's operations in connection with the general law 
 of the land — reference must be made to the movement which 
 has resulted in the consolidation of the Courts of Law, as 
 being a matter which stands out, as it were, midway between 
 the Society's labours for the benefit of the profession and in 
 the cause of Law Reform. 
 
 For forty years the Society agitated, without ceasing, for 
 this object. The committee commenced to move in the 
 matter in the year 1835 by pointing out to various eminent 
 legal personages the inconveniences both of the situation and 
 construction of the Courts at Westimnster, and by suggest- 
 ing the removal of the Courts to the neighbourhood of 
 Lincoln's Inn. That scant encouragement attended this 
 opening effort may be gathered from the fact that the com- 
 mittee were induced, for the time being, to come to the 
 conclusion that ' insuperable difficulties ' were likely to arise 
 and that it was not advisable to make any formal application 
 on the subject to the proper authorities. 
 
 In the following year the committee presented a petition 
 to both Houses of Parliament, and addressed several members 
 of Parliament individually on the subject. They found, 
 however, such a general indisposition to adopt their views 
 that they were fain to relinquish the plan for a while. 
 
 In the course of four years from that time public and 
 professional opinion had gradually matured in favour of the 
 removal of the Courts, and the committee found themselves 
 able to make soUd progress towards the attainment of their 
 
 2 
 
20 THE INCOEPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 desire. It is a strange and instructive commentary upon the 
 rapid progress wliich the subject made at that period, and the 
 hindrances by which it was afterwards surrounded, that so 
 long ago as the year 1840 a petition in favour of the scheme, 
 signed in a very short space of time by upwards of 1,500 of 
 the most influential solicitors practising in the Metropolis, 
 and a similar petition under the Society's seal, were presented 
 to both Houses of Parliament — the former by the Lord 
 Chancellor and the Attorney-General, and the latter by the 
 Earl of Devon and the Solicitor-General ; that petitions of 
 other Law Societies came flowing in from all parts of the 
 country ; that a deputation on the subject from the Society 
 was very favourably received by the Lord Chancellor and 
 the Attorney- General ; and that a plan and elevation of the 
 proposed new Courts — prepared on the assumption of their 
 being erected in Lincoln's Inn Fields — were actually made 
 by Mr, Barry, submitted to the Judges, and exhibited in the 
 Society's Hall. 
 
 In the year 1841 a select committee of the -House of 
 Commons was appointed to consider the matter, and a number 
 of witnesses, comprising judges, counsel, solicitors, officers of 
 the Courts, and others, were examined. The labours of the 
 committee ended in the year 1842 ; and the evidence was 
 then ordered to be printed. The committee expressed no 
 opinion on the evidence ; but none was in fact needed, for 
 the whole body of testimony was in favour of the concentra- 
 tion of the Courts and offices on one site. 
 
 In February, 1843, a special general meeting of the Society 
 was held ' to receive a report of proceedings relative to the 
 removal of the Courts from Westminster, and to consider 
 what further steps should be taken therein.' A fresh peti- 
 tion to the Houses of Parliament, in which the result of the 
 evidence taken by the committee, and the grounds in support 
 of the proposed removal, were most exhaustively stated, was 
 agreed on at that meeting. The petition refers to a ' feeling 
 existing in some minds in favour of the locality of West- 
 minster Hall arising from old associations,' as if there were 
 
LAAV COURTS 21 
 
 no other obstacle in the way of a change the desirability of 
 which had been proved to demonstration ; but the petitioners 
 soon discovered their mistake, and found that the goal which 
 they had supposed to be in full view was still far distant. 
 
 The next year showed an ominous falling off in the hope- 
 fulness which had before marked the agitation. The com- 
 mittee were obliged to admit that ' they could not pretend 
 to say that they had received much encouragement.' But 
 in 1846 they were able to report that the select committee 
 had been revived, and had received further evidence which 
 comprised the suggestion of a new site ' situate west of 
 the Institution, and extending from Carey Street to the 
 Strand.' 
 
 The Society came to the conclusion that the spot so sug- 
 gested was, upon the whole, the most desirable for the purpose 
 in the interests both of the public and the profession. From 
 that view they never swerved ; the site to which they then 
 pinned their faith was ultimately chosen ; but not until after 
 a further and sustained agitation, extending over a period of 
 twenty-four years. During the whole of that time the Society 
 left no stone unturned to bring the matter to a satisfactory 
 issue. They petitioned ; they went in deputation ; they made 
 suggestions ; they pointed the way out of innumerable real 
 and imaginary difficulties which were raised ; they combated 
 opposition, disinclination, and indifference ; they roused other 
 forces to action to support their own ; and finally, in the year 
 1869, they imdertook the whole burden of a severe and ex- 
 pensive contest before a select committee of the House of 
 Commons as to the relative merits of the Carey Street site, 
 and of a site on the Thames Embankment, which was sug- 
 gested and vigorously supported after the Acts of Parliament 
 for acquiring the Carey Street site had been passed, the land 
 purchased, the site partially cleared, and the architect's 
 design for the building on that site selected. Even then the 
 struggle was not over ; for fresh delays took place, and in the 
 year 1873 — eight years after the passing of the Acts for 
 the acquisition of the site and for providing the cost of the 
 
22 THE INCORPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 buildings— the Council bad tbe mortification of reporting 
 tbat ' the matter remained in complete abeyance." In tbe 
 following year, bowever, tbe Council were at last able to 
 state tbat tbe buildings were in active progress; and it is 
 now matter of history that tbe Courts were opened by tbe 
 Queen in person on tbe 4tb of December, 1882. A loyal 
 address was presented to Her Majesty on tbe occasion, and 
 the President, Mr. Thomas Paine, received tbe honour of 
 knighthood. An honour of a like character was conferred 
 on Mr. Henry Watson Parker, the President of 1887, being 
 the 50th anniversary of Her Majesty's accession to tbe 
 throne. 
 
 It should be added that tbe President for the time being of 
 this Society, together with Mr. John Young and Mr. Cookson, 
 members of tbe Council, were nominated as members of the 
 Eoyal Commission appointed for carrying into effect the Act 
 for tbe concentration of the Courts ; and tbat among many 
 who rendered assistance to tbe Society in connection with 
 that measure, the late Mr. Edwin Wilkins Field was specially 
 distinguished by his devotion to the cause. A statue of 
 Mr. Field by Mr. Thomas Woolner has been placed in the 
 Royal Courts of Justice. 
 
 We now reach tbe last subject of review in tbe Society's 
 history — its work in the field of Law Reform generally. We 
 find in the year 1835 the first record of tbe Society's action 
 in connection with legislation not exclusively affecting the 
 profession, in the shape of the introduction into the Annual 
 Report of a laconic sentence stating that the Committee 
 had taken into consideration several Bills before Parliament 
 ' relating to the law ' ; and in the same paragraph of that 
 Report the warm acknowledgments of the Committee were 
 expressed to Mr. Tooke, one of its most active members, who 
 had a seat in Parliament at the time, for bis able and zealous 
 assistance. 
 
 No bills are mentioned by name in the report of 1835 ; 
 but this branch of the Society's functions, which from that 
 time rapidly increased in importance, soon began to occupy 
 
LAW REFOEM -23 
 
 the foremost place in the Annual Eeports ; and the con- 
 sideration of current Bills in Parliament, whether affecting 
 the principles or the practice of the general law, has long 
 been a special feature of the Society's worL 
 
 The operations of the Society in this respect have, foi' 
 the most part, been confined to measures for the introduction 
 of which it has not been directly responsible. In a few 
 exceptional instances only has it initiated legislation of a 
 character not directly affecting the profession. The reason 
 for. this is obvious. Had the Society attempted to take upon 
 itself the burden of originating Law Eeforms, in the wider 
 sense of the expression, it would soon have been compelled to 
 make every other part of its duties subservient to that one 
 engrossing labour, for which it was not created, and for 
 which its multifarious and ever-increasing obligations to the 
 profession rendered it unfitted. But this reasoning has no 
 bearing on the application by the Society to measures iniro- 
 •duced, or proposed to be introduced, into Parliament, of its 
 criticisms, suggestions, support, or opposition. 
 
 The most cursory glance over the public statutes of the 
 last sixty years, and the orders and rules which have fol- 
 lowed in then* wake, will sufiice to show that the exhaustive 
 consideration of current measures, and the prepaj»tion of 
 practical criticisms and suggestions, have represented no 
 mean expenditure of labour. The Society's existence has 
 been passed in stirring legal times, and its attention has been 
 turned to a succession of vast changes in every department of 
 our system of law- The Common Law and Chancery Pro- 
 cedure Acts, the Comity Courts Acts, the Bankruptcy Acts, 
 the Judicature Acts, the Conveyancing Acts, the Settled Laaid 
 Acts : these, and many hundreds of other statutes only 
 secondary in importance to them, have come under its con- 
 sideration. Nor must it be forgotten that the Society has 
 been represented conspicuously upon the Royal Commissions, 
 which have preceded nearly all of these great legislative 
 efforts, by members of its body appointed to take part in th^ 
 deliberations of those Commissions. 
 
24 THE INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 It has often been asserted, most unjustly, that the attitude 
 of the profession to proposals of Law Eeform has been that of 
 at least passive resistance, and that anomalies and inequalities 
 which could not logically be defended have been allowed to 
 survive for no better reason than that legal practitioners 
 were interested in keeping them alive. The imputation — 
 based as it is on a transparent fallacy — scarcely requires 
 serious contradiction, but its want of foundation has never 
 perhaps more conspicuously been illustrated than in the case 
 of the Conveyancing Acts. It may be recorded in these 
 pages with legitimate pride, that the great changes both in 
 principle and practice effected by those measures were 
 modelled upon views of which the first public expression 
 emanated from a member of the Society. Mr. Nathaniel 
 Tertius Lawrence, the then President, propounded in an 
 exhaustive address upon this subject, delivered by him at 
 Cambridge in 1879, a scheme for the amendment of the Law 
 of Real Property ; and in this address a series of recommen- 
 dations were made, of which a large number were adopted 
 and substantially carried out by the Legislature. It may be 
 added that at every stage the Society lent their active 
 co-operation to those who were responsible for the framing 
 and conduct of the Bills. Neither should it be lost sight 
 of that two important Acts passed in 1888, viz. : The 
 Trustee Act, and the Land Charges Registration and 
 Searches Act, were prepared and promoted in Parliament 
 by this Society 
 
 But a survey only of the field of legislation which has 
 actually come to pass does not exhaust the subject. Between 
 a Bill in Parliament and an Act of Parliament there is a wide 
 gulf. The projects of Law Eeform are not confined to well- 
 considered Government measures, backed up by public 
 opinion, and frequently matured beforehand with the aid of 
 distinguished jurists. All sorts of visionary schemes are 
 ' reduced into writing ' and submitted for Parliamentary 
 sanction. Many measures which would involve consequences 
 of the gravest importance are brought forward on the respon- 
 
EETEOSPECT 25 
 
 sibility of individual members, and need close and careful 
 ■watching, lest, in the hurry of modern legislation, they should 
 slip through Parliament without any sufficient consideration 
 of all that lies behind them ; and many measures introduced 
 by the Government for the time being, or with its approval^ 
 are brought to an untimely end by the pressure of other 
 pubUc business, or by the fate which sooner or later attends 
 all Governments. In short, to measure by the Statute Book 
 alone the Parliamentary past of the Society's work is to leave- 
 out of account altogether one of the principal factors in the 
 calculation. 
 
 There is much in the past of which the Society may be 
 justly proud ; but, after all, the main practical usefulness of- 
 the past is to point a moral for the present and the future. 
 It is never permitted to such a body to rest and be thankful.- 
 Its labours and responsibilities multiply in a corresponding 
 ratio to the increase of its influence and importance ; and, if 
 any proof of this self-evident fact were needed, one glance at 
 the comparative bulk of the records of the Society's work in. 
 the earher and the more recent years of its existence, and even 
 of the work of ten years ago and of to-day, would alone^ 
 supply it. To societies of this character applies with as 
 much truth as to individuals the old adage Qui cessat esse 
 melior cessat esse bonus ; and it may be that, if this chapter be 
 taken up by a historian writing on the same subject fifty 
 years hence, it will be used mainly to illustrate the magnitude 
 of the strides taken in the interval. The Incorporated Law 
 Society must ever aspire to be a faithful leader and true- 
 reflex of enUghtened views, and a watchful guardian alike of 
 the honour and of the best interests of a learned profession- 
 It can only fulfil the task with effect, and raise its voice witht 
 authority, if it is heartily supported on all sides by those 
 whose cause it represents and advocates. And it will be a 
 matter for sincere gratification to every member of the 
 Society, if this record of the .past, and the reflections which- 
 these pages may suggest as to the field of useful and honour- 
 able work which may lie before the Society in the future,. 
 
26 THE INCOBPOEATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 should lead members (and especially country members) of 
 the profession who have not yet joined the Society's ranks to 
 realise that there are higher and larger considerations involved 
 in doing so than any question of the mere personal conveni- 
 ences of membership. 
 
27 
 
 HISTOEY OF THE PEOFESSION 
 
 OF 
 
 ATTOENEY AND SOLICITOE 
 
 AMD AK ACCOUNT OF THE 
 
 STEPS NECESSARY TO OBTAIN ADMISSION AS 
 A SOLICITOR 
 
 The word attorney signifies any one who acts in the turn or 
 place of another : and as a person may depute to another any- 
 thing which he may lawfully do himself, it is clear, at any 
 rate, that attorneys, that is, those authorised by a special 
 power of attorney to execute a deed or do any other act of a 
 similar character for another, must have existed from a very 
 remote period. The mode of appointment of this class of 
 attorneys is the same now as it was centuries ago. 
 
 Attomeys-at-Law, whose business was to represent plain- 
 tiffs or defendants in suits or actions, are of more recent 
 origin. At one time they were not recognised in the Courts, 
 at aU events in the earlier stages of the proceedings, inasmuch 
 as up to the 13th century it was necessary that suitors 
 should appear in person. After a suitor had, however, 
 appeared, he could then be represented by an attorney-at-law, 
 who was appointed for that purpose by Letters Patent under 
 the Great Seal, or by Parliament. This mode of appointment 
 was too cumbrous and expensive to last long. It also gave 
 rise to much delay and inconvenience, because until a suitor 
 
28 HISTOEY OP THE PEOFESSION 
 
 had an attorney assigned to him he was compelled to appear 
 in person each day during -which his suit was pending. 
 
 To remedy this evil, an Act was passed (20 Hen. III., c. 
 10) which provided that any freeman who was a suitor might 
 appoint an attorney to conduct his suits for him. The neces- 
 sity for a special authority having been dispensed with in civil 
 actions, it was also gradually done away with in other cases, 
 imtil the law became what it is at the present day. The 
 principal Acts passed for this purpose besides the one already 
 quoted are those of 3 Edw. I., c. 42, 6 Edw. I., c. 8, and 13 
 Edw. I., c. 10. 
 
 Up to and for some time after the period during which 
 attorneys had to be specially appointed by Letters Patent or 
 by Parliament, infants or idiots could not appear by attorney. 
 Infants, being under age, had no power to appoint an attorney, 
 and were therefore compelled to appear by guardians. Idiots- 
 had to appear in person. 
 
 Corporations could not appear except by an attorney 
 appointed under their Common Seal. 
 
 The profession of solicitor appears to have been inferior 
 to that of attorney, and of later date. This inferiority 
 appears to have continued until the 17th century, as in 1654 
 it was provided by a Eule of Court that no person should be 
 admitted as an attorney unless he had practised for five years 
 in the Courts as a common solicitor. 
 
 The business of solicitors at first consisted in the superin- 
 tendence of the legal affairs of others, but, unlike attorneys, 
 they had no power to bind their principals. In later times, 
 however, they had the conduct of all matters in Chancery, 
 and as the business of that Court increased, and as the two 
 professions were latterly generally united in the same indivi- 
 dual, the term solicitor gradually came to supersede that of 
 attorney, until by the Judicature Act, 1878, the latter term 
 was entirely abolished. Up to that time, however, the prac- 
 titioners in the Courts of Common Law were invariably styled 
 attorneys. 
 
 Long after the right to appear by attorney had been 
 
EDUCATION 29 
 
 recognised by the law, there existed no regulation as to their 
 admission, but a discretionary power appears to have been 
 vested in the Chief Officers of the Courts to appoint proper 
 persons to be attorneys. Some regulations as to their 
 qualifications are contained in the ' Mirrour of Justice,' and 
 20 Edw. I. empowers the Justices to select from every 
 County a number of attorneys and apprentices, the best 
 and most apt for their learning and skill, to do service in the 
 Courts. 
 
 Even so early as the 14th century it would seem that 
 the profession was overcrowded, and for the purpose of 
 preventing its increase the Barons of the Exchequer were 
 restrained (15 Edw. II., c. 1) from admitting attorneys except 
 in pleas before them, and their clerks and servants (who 
 appear to have exercised the power of admission) were also 
 prohibited from admitting attorneys, that power being re- 
 served to the Chancellor and the Chief Justices. 
 
 Notwithstanding the above enactment, the profession 
 continued to increase, but the standard of its education does 
 not seem to have kept pace with its growth in numbers, if 
 any faith can be placed in the preamble to Act i Henry IV., 
 c. 18, which recites that sundry damages had ensued to 
 persons by the great number of attorneys ' ignorant of the 
 law and not learned as they were wont to be before that 
 time.' With the view of remedying this state of things, the 
 Act provided that attorneys should be examined by the 
 Justices, and that they that were good and virtuous and of 
 good fame should be received and sworn well and truly to 
 serve in their offices, and that their names should be placed 
 on a EoU. On the other hand, those attorneys who were 
 not good and virtuous and of good fame were to be excluded 
 from the profession, and any found in default were for ever 
 after to be prevented from practising. 
 
 Whether the Judges performed the duties required of 
 them by the statute does not appear, but fifty years later 
 the complaints against the great increase in the number 
 of attorneys continued. To check this increase (which was 
 
30 HISTORY OF THE PEOFESSIOX 
 
 considered a great evil) an Act (33 Henry YI., c. 7) was 
 passed, -whicb, after reciting that the number of attorneys- 
 was too great, and that it was their practice to stir up suits 
 for their own profit, enacted that from that date there should 
 only be six attorneys in Norfolk, six in Suffolk, and two in 
 the City of Norwich. How any alarming increase in the 
 number of attorneys could have taken place in the face of 
 such a restriction does not appear. 
 
 In addition to the special restraints by Acts of Parliament, 
 it was the custom of the Courts to admit only a certain 
 number of attorneys annually, and this continued at all 
 events down to the Act 2 Geo. II., c. 23, which provided 
 that nothing in that Act should be construed to extend or 
 authorise the admission or enrolment of any greater number 
 than ancient usage or custom allowed. 
 
 The first statute which had reference to the government of 
 solicitors was 8 James I., c. 7. It recites that through the 
 abuse of sundry attorneys and solicitors by charging their 
 clients ■ndth excessive fees and other unnecessary demands, 
 the clients had grown to be overburdened, and the practice of 
 the just and honest Serjeants and councillors at law was 
 much hindered, and that such attorneys and solicitors for 
 their own profit were in the habit of delaying suits to an 
 extraordinary degree. The statute, therefore, provided that 
 none should be admitted attorneys or sohcitors except those 
 brought up in the Courts in vihich they wished to practise, 
 or otherwise well practised in the soliciting of causes, and 
 who had been found by their dealings to be skilful and 
 honest. It also provided that attorneys and solicitors should 
 not be allowed any fees laid out for counsel unless they 
 produced receipts for them. They were also compelled to- 
 deliver bills to their clients under their hands before requiring 
 payment, and if they delayed their clients' suits for gain, or 
 demanded more than their proper fees and disbursements, the 
 clients were empowered to recover costs and treble damages, 
 and the attorneys and solicitors were for ever after disabled 
 from practising. 
 
EXAMINATIO-NS 31 
 
 The Act imposed a penalty of £20 on any attorney or 
 solicitor who allowed his name to be used by an unqualified 
 person in conducting cases, and a like penalty on the un- 
 qualified person. 
 
 In 1654 it was provided by a Rule of the Supreme Court 
 at Westminster, that none should be admitted an attorney 
 unless, as previously mentioned, he had practised five years 
 as a common solicitor in Court, or had served five years 
 as a clerk to some Judge, serjeant-at-law, barrister, attorney, 
 clerk, or other officer of the Court ; and who, on examination, 
 should be found of good ability and honesty for such 
 employment, and that the Court should once in every year 
 nominate twelve or more able and credible practisers to 
 examine such persons as desired to be admitted attorneys, 
 and to appoint convenient times and places for their examina- 
 tion, and that persons desirous of being admitted should 
 first attend with their proofs of service, and then repair 
 to the persons appointed to examine them, and on being- 
 approved to present themselves to the Court to be sworn. 
 
 In the 17th century all attorneys were obliged to be 
 members of one of the Inns of Court or Chancery, and had to 
 be in commons every term. This was required by Rules of 
 the Supreme Courts in 1654, 1677, and 1684, and was 
 intended for the purpose of bringing attorneys together and 
 thus facilitate the transaction of business. 
 
 In 1704 all the Courts of Common Law ordered that all 
 attorneys not already admitted into one of the Inns of Court 
 or Chancery should procure themselves to be so admitted, and 
 that from that date no person should be sworn an attorney, 
 or admitted, unless he was admitted a member of one of such 
 Inns, such admission to be verified by a certificate signed by 
 the Treasurer or Principal of the Inn. The Inns of Court 
 and Chancery did not, however, enforce this regulation ; and 
 in fact, from about the beginning of the present century, the 
 fom- Great Inns of Court have excluded those whose names 
 are on the roll of attorneys and solicitors, or those who are 
 articled to them, from being members of their societies. 
 
32 HISTOKY OF THE PEOFESSIOX 
 
 The first statute which required service under Articles was 
 2 Geo. II., e. 23. It also provided that the Judges, before 
 they admitted any person to take the oath required by the 
 Act, should examine and inquire, by such ways and means as 
 ihey thought proper, touching his fitness and capacity to act 
 as an attorney or solicitor. It also provided that an attorney 
 should not have more than two articled clerks ; and this is 
 the law up to the present day. This Act also provided for the 
 delivery of a signed bill one month before it could be sued on, 
 and for taxation in the meantime ; and that if more than 
 a sixth were taxed off, the soUcitor should pay the costs of 
 taxation. 
 
 On admission, the Judges were authorised to take a 
 fee of one shilling only, and they were to deliver a certificate 
 of admission, written on parchment, bearing a treble forty- 
 ■ehilling stamp. 
 
 The Judges, by Eules of Trinity Term, 1791, and Trinity 
 Term, 1793, made regulations under which applicants for 
 admission were required to give a term's notice thereof in 
 various public places, such as the Courts, the Judges' Cham- 
 bers, and the Law Offices. Under these regulations, the 
 several Law Societies and other persons interested in the 
 subject, both in town and country, were enabled to make 
 inquiries into the character and conduct of the applicants, 
 and to submit any objections against them to the considera- 
 - iiion of the Judges. For this purpose it was the practice to 
 «nter a caveat at the Judge's chambers, whereupon notice 
 was given, and the case heard before a Judge. This practice 
 is in substance continued through the Law Society, subject 
 to appeal to the Master of the Rolls. 
 
 No regular examination took place before any of the 
 ■Judges, either of the Common Law Courts or in Chancery, as 
 to the fitness or capacity of the applicant to discharge the 
 ■duty of an attorney or solicitor ; the intermittent and informal 
 examinations which took place extended to little more than 
 questions as to character and service under articles. 
 
 Up to the year 1833 there appears to have been no means 
 
EXAjnNATIONS 33 
 
 Iby which an articled clerk could acquire a knowledge of the 
 laws which he was subsequently to assist in administering, 
 except what he could learn in his master's office. In order 
 to remedy this evil, the Law Society instituted lectures in 
 1833 in the various branches of the law, which have now 
 been superseded by a system of classes, and postal instruction 
 conducted by tutors. 
 
 Prior to the year 1886 there were no requirements as to 
 the passing of a formal examination, by persons seeking 
 admission, and the Law Society, feeling strongly that in order 
 to induce articled clerks to acquire a sound knowledge of the 
 laws it was essential that they should be required to pass an 
 examination at the termination of their articles, presented a 
 memorial in the year 1835 to the Master of the EoUs and the 
 other Judges, urging upon them the necessity for such an 
 examination. After many interviews with the Judges, Kules 
 of Court were made in 1836, under which persons applying 
 for admission as attorneys were required to pass an examina- 
 tion ; and for this purpose the Judges appointed 16 Members 
 of the Council of the Law Society, together with certain 
 officers of the Court, to superintend the examinations, which 
 were held in the Hall of the Society for the first time in 1836. 
 In 1837, the Master of the Eolls made a similar order for 
 the examination in Equity of solicitors. The examination in 
 that subject took place at the Eolls House instead of at the 
 Hall of the Law Society, and it was held in the presence of 
 one of the Masters in Chancery and one of the sworn Clerks 
 of the Court. Testimonials as to due service were, however, 
 required to be left with the Secretary of the Law Society in 
 the same manner as for the examination of attorneys. 
 
 In 1843 the Act 6 & 7 Vic, cap. 73, was passed, which 
 empowered the Judges to make regulations for the conduct of 
 the examinations ; and the Master of the Eolls in 1844, and 
 the Judges in 1846, made regulations as to the conduct of the 
 examinations ; and for this purpose they were in the habit of 
 appointing 16 Members of the Council, together with certain 
 officers of the Court. This Act contained provisions as to 
 
 D 
 
34 HISTORY OF THE PEOFESSION 
 
 service under articles and regulations as to admission. It 
 appointed the Law Society Eegistrar of Solicitors, with power 
 to keep a EoU of and grant certificates to solicitors. The 
 Act also provided for the taxation of bills of costs, and the 
 punishment of unquaUfied persons acting as attorneys or 
 solicitors. 
 
 In 1853 the regulations as to the examinations in common 
 law and equity were consolidated. Up to that time fifteen 
 questions were set in each of the following subjects, viz. : 
 common law, equity, conveyancing, bankruptcy, criminal law, 
 and proceedings before magistrates : and candidates were 
 required to pass in common law, and equity, and in one of 
 the other subjects. At that date the Law Society came to 
 the conclusion that, having regard to the great importance to 
 the community that solicitors should be well acquainted 
 with conveyancing, and the law of real property, that branch 
 was made an essential subject. This regulation shows that 
 at that time conveyancing formed one of the principal branches 
 of a sohcitor's business ; but, at an earlier period, this was 
 not so, that work being for the most part done by barristers 
 and certificated conveyancers, and to some extent by scriveners. 
 In some of the old text-books on conveyancing, the practice 
 of persons other than barristers preparing conveyances is 
 severely censured. 
 
 The examination in bankruptcy, criminal law, and pro- 
 ceedings before magistrates, was continued. It was, how- 
 ever, not necessary that these subjects should be taken up ; 
 but candidates who answered questions in them had the 
 advantage of the marks obtained. This regulation has con- 
 tinued in force up to the present time ; but the Council have 
 recently rearranged the subjects for the final examination, as 
 to which details are. given on page 179. 
 
 On the 8th of April, 1846, a select committee of the House 
 of Commons was appointed to inquire into the state of Legal 
 Education. 
 
 The committee made its report in August, 1846, which 
 extended over 400 folio pages. It recommended that a strui- 
 
PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION 35 
 
 gent examination should be required in general knowledge 
 previous to apprenticeship ; that this examination should 
 embrace, in addition to the so-called commercial education, 
 a competent knowledge of at least Latin, geography, history, 
 and the elements of arithmetic and ethics, and one or more of 
 the modern languages. 
 
 The committee also recommended that, for the further 
 education of solicitors, it would be highly desirable that they 
 should attend lectures and classes in the Inns of Court, and 
 also others of a nature more special to their own branch of 
 the profession in the Law Societies of which they might 
 happen to be members, and that the final examination should 
 be conducted more in reference to general principles than the 
 technicahties of the Law. 
 
 In 1854 the Law Society, with the view of carrying the 
 recommendations contained in the report into effect, and for 
 the purpose of maintaining the position of solicitors amongst 
 the other learned professions, took steps towards the estab- 
 lishment of a Preliminary Examination in general knowledge. 
 
 The Society felt that, as solicitors have to advise clients 
 in all ranks of society, from the highest to the lowest, on all 
 sorts of questions, some of them of the most delicate nature, 
 it was obvious that their efficiency and usefulness would be 
 much increased if their general as well as legal attaumients 
 were such as to command respect and attention. It would 
 also be for the benefit of the public at large that solicitors 
 should not only possess professional skill, but also those 
 advantages^which science, literature, and languages are calcu- 
 lated to confer. The Society therefore strongly urged the 
 establishment of an examination in science, literature, and 
 the classics. They were not successful at first, but they con- 
 tinued their efforts, and in the end they succeeded in 
 obtaining the Act 28 & 24 Vic, cap. 127, under which an 
 examination in general knowledge prior to entering into 
 articles of clerkship was authorised to be held. 
 
 Up to the year 1860 the Final Examination only was 
 required to be passed, but under the Act of that year an 
 
 D 2 
 
36 HISTORY OF THE PBOFESSION 
 
 Intermediate Examination was held as well as the Preliminary 
 Examination. The Intermediate Examination was instituted 
 for the purpose of testing the progress in the acquisition of 
 legal knowledge made by articled clerks during their articles. 
 
 Since that time the Solicitors Act, 1877 (40 & 41 Vic, 
 cap. 25), has been passed, and under it the conduct of the 
 examinations is vested in the Incorporated Law Society. 
 The Act made no alteration in the number or character of 
 the examinations. 
 
 In 1879 another examination was established, viz. the 
 Honours Examination, at which prizes and certificates of 
 merit are awarded to successful candidates under certain con- 
 ditions. 
 
 Every person seeking admission as a solicitor is required 
 to pass the Preliminary Examination (unless exempted there- 
 from), the Intermediate Examination (unless exempted there- 
 from), and the Final Examination (except in the ease of 
 a Colonial attorney of seven years' standing). 
 
 Under the provisions of the Solicitors Act of 1877, the 
 Lord Chief Justice and the Master of the Rolls have power to 
 exempt from the Preliminary Examination, but it has been 
 intimated to the Law Society that orders for exemption will be 
 granted only in very special circumstances. 
 
 The Lord Chief Justice and the Master of the Rolls for- 
 ward, it is believed, nearly all applications for exemption to 
 the Law Society for consideration, and it is gratifying to be 
 able to state that in the great majority of cases the orders 
 made are in accordance with the recommendation of the 
 Council. 
 
 The rule by which the Council is guided in arriving at 
 these recommendations is that no person shall be allowed to 
 enter the profession without having passed the Preliminary 
 Examination, or some examination fairly equivalent to it. 
 The Council think that it cannot be considered a hardship 
 to require that persons seeking to become solicitors shall 
 possess a fair knowledge of the subjects required for the Pre- 
 liminary Examination. 
 
ADMISSION 37 
 
 A summary of the present regulations as to service and 
 examination of articled clerks, and the admission of solicitors, 
 ■will be found on page 193. 
 
 Notwithstanding admission, the solicitor cannot practise 
 until he has obtained a certificate from the Law Society as 
 Registrar of Solicitors, and paid the duty thereon to the 
 Commissioners of Inland Eevenue. 
 
 On applying for this certificate, it is necessary for the certmiato 
 solicitor to leave at the office of the Law Society a declara- 
 tion in dupUcate, forms of which may be obtained on appUca- 
 tion at the office, setting forth his full name, date of admis- 
 sion, and place or places of business. After the lapse of a 
 week his certificate is handed to him on the payment of 5s. 
 He then takes it to Somerset House (with one of the duplicate 
 declarations), where it is stamped and becomes effective. The 
 certificate must be renewed annually. 
 
 The stamp duty payable by London solicitors is, for the 
 three years following admission, £4 IO5., and after that period 
 £9. For solicitors practising in the country, the duty for the 
 first three years is £B, and after that period £6. 
 
 Li order to enable the Registrar to enter on the Eoll the 
 date of the stamping of certificates, the Commissioners of 
 Inland Revenue are required to return to the Law Society, 
 after the 15th of February, the declarations so left with them, 
 if stamped on or before the 1st of January. 
 
 If stamped after the 1st of January, the solicitor is bound 
 to produce the certificate to the Registrar within one month 
 after it has been stamped, otherwise it will bear date from 
 the time at which it has been produced. 
 
 All certificates stamped before the 16th of December bear 
 date as from the 16th of November. Certificates stamped 
 on or after the 16th of December bear date from the time 
 when they are stamped, subject to the provision previously 
 mentioned as to certificates stamped after the 1st of 
 January. 
 
 If a solicitor neglect for a whole year to renew his certifi- 
 cate, it is in the discretion of the Registrar to grant or refuse 
 
striking o(t 
 the Roll. 
 
 38 IIISTOKY 01' THE PRofESSIOX 
 
 his application to do so, subject to an appeal to the Master of 
 the Eolls. 
 
 Section 22 of the Solicitors Act, 1860, provides that any 
 list of solicitors published by or with the authority of the 
 Commissioners of Inland Eevenue and containing the names 
 of solicitors who have obtained stamped certificates for the 
 current year on or before the 1st of January, in the same year, 
 shall, until the contrary be made to appear, be evidence of 
 the holding of such certificates, and the absence of the name 
 of any person from such Hst shall, until the contrary be made 
 to appear, be evidence that such person is not qualified 
 to practise as a solicitor under a certificate for the current 
 year. 
 
 Solicitors are officers of the Court. They are subject to 
 its summary jurisdiction if they raisconduct themselves, and 
 may either be suspended or struck off the Eoll. 
 
 The procedure in applications to strike solicitors from 
 the Eoll, or to require them to answer matters contained in 
 an affidavit, is set out in detail in Part I. of the Eules under 
 the Sohcitors Act, 1888, p. 141. 
 
 Closely allied to this subject is that of imqualified persons 
 representing themselves to be solicitors, or transacting 
 business in the names of solicitors without authority. The 
 provisions against offences of this kind are numerous and 
 stringent. 
 
 & 7 Tio., The Solicitors Act, 1843, prohibits a person not duly 
 
 qualified from acting in any way as a soUcitor in Court, either 
 in his own name or in the name of any other person. Such 
 person cannot recover any fee or reward for anything so done, 
 and, in addition to other penalties, renders himself liable for 
 23 & 24 Vic, each offence to a penalty of £50, to be recovered by the In- 
 sec' 26". ' corporated Law Society with the sanction of the Attorney- 
 General ; and any solicitor who allows his name to be made 
 use of in any action or suit upon the account or for the profit 
 of an unqualified person, or who does any act whereby an 
 s & 7 Vic, unqualified person is enabled to practise as a solicitor in any 
 sec 32!' suit, shall and may, upon proof thereof, be struck off the Eoll 
 
 call. 73i 
 sec 
 
UXQUALIFffiD PRACTITIONEES 39 
 
 and for ever after disabled from practising, and the unqualified 
 person may be imprisoned for any period not exceeding one 
 year. 
 
 Any person who wilfully and falsely pretends to be a 37 & 38 vic, 
 solicitor, or uses any description implying that he is duly S'ls.' 
 qualified to act as such, renders himself liable to a penalty 
 not exceeding i'lO for each offence. 
 
 With some exceptions, a person is deemed not to be duly 
 qualified under this provision unless he has at the time a 
 stamped certificate entitling him to practise, and an unquali- 
 fied person acting as a solicitor cannot recover any costs or 
 disbursements. 
 
 Any surrogate or other person not being a barrister-at-law, 
 certificated solicitor, proctor, notary public, certificated con- 
 veyancer, special pleader, or draughtsman in equity, ■who for 
 or in expectation of gain or reward either directly or as the 
 agent for another person takes instructions for or prepares 10 & 11 vic, 
 any papers on whicli to found or oppose a Grant of Probate It^J'^r 
 or Letters of Administration, is guilty of an offence within 
 the foregoing provision, and may be prosecuted accordingly. 
 
 The Stamp Act, 1891, renders an unqualified person who s4 & 55 vic, 
 acts or practises as a solicitor in any Court or as a notary sees. 4s, 44. 
 public liable to a penalty of £50. A similar penalty is im- 
 posed on every person who, not being a barrister, or a duly 
 certificated solicitor, notary public, conveyancer, special 
 pleader, or draughtsman in equity, for or in expectation of 
 any fee, gain, or reward, draws or prepares any instrument 
 relating to real or personal estate or any proceedings in lav*^ 
 or equity. 'Instrument ' in this provision does not include a 
 wiU or other testamentary instrument, an agreement under 
 hand, a power of attorney, or transfer of stock containing no 
 trust or limitation thereof. 
 
 The Land Transfer Act, 1897, also provides that every eo & ei vic, 
 person who (not being a barrister or a duly certificated solicitor, sec 10.' 
 notary public, conveyancer, special pleader, or draughtsman 
 in equity) either directly or indirectly, for or in expectation of 
 any fee, gain, or reward, draws or prepares any instrument of 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE PEOFESSION 
 
 transfer or charge or an application to register restrictive con- 
 ditions or to alter or discharge, or alter the priority of a 
 registered charge or any other prescribed instrument, shall 
 incur a fine not exceeding £50, recoverable before a Court of 
 Summary Jurisdiction. 
 
41 
 
 COMMISSIONERS FOR OATHS AND 
 PERPETUAL COMMISSIONERS 
 
 The Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889, provides that the Commis- 
 Lord Chancellor may appoint persons being practising solici- atadnlstej- 
 tors, or other fit and proper persons, to be commissioners for ™"''^' 
 oaths. The application for a commission is by means of a 
 petition to the Lord Chancellor, who has issued the following 
 information for the guidance of solicitors applying : — 
 
 ' In London or other large towns the minimum qualifi- 
 cation is six years' continuous practice as a solicitor from the 
 date of the first certificate. In country cases the rule as to 
 six years' continuous practice is, under special circumstances, 
 which may be concisely stated for the Lord Chancellor's con- 
 sideration, sometimes relaxed. Applicants for commissioner- 
 ships must first leave their papers with the Incorporated 
 Law Society for at least three weeks. They must then be 
 called for. These papers consist of — (1) Petition signed by 
 the applicant, setting forth the grounds of his application. 
 (2) A certificate, signed by two practising barristers and two 
 solicitors, certifying applicant's fitness for the post. (3) A 
 certificate, signed by at least six householders, or office 
 renters, residents in the neighbourhood where applicant's 
 oiBce is located, supporting petition. (4) Notice to the Re- 
 gistrar of Solicitors. The necessary forms can be obtained 
 from a law stationer. The papers, having been considered 
 by the Incorporated Law Society, and the date of applicant's 
 first certificate noted thereon, have next to be left with the 
 Clerk of the Chamber, Lord Chancellor's Department, House 
 
12 COMMISSIONEES FOIi OATHS 
 
 of Lords, who examines the papers and communicates on the 
 subject of any preliminary objections with the applicants or 
 their agents. The papers are then submitted to the Lord 
 Chancellor for his Lordship's decision. If the application is 
 allowed, an intimation to that effect is sent to the applicant, 
 enclosing the form of appointment, which requires to be im- 
 pressed with a £5 Judicature stamp. On the return of the 
 form duly stamped, the signature of the Lord Chancellor will 
 be obtained, and the appointment returned to the applicant 
 23 & 24_vic., ijy post. Commissions, before being acted on, must be entered 
 sec. 30. ' at the office of the Licorporated Law Society, Chancery Lane. 
 In the event of a renewed application being made, a second 
 notice must be served on the Eegistrar of Solicitors before the 
 papers are again submitted for the consideration of the Lord 
 Chancellor.' 
 Perpetual Perpetual commissions for taking the acknowledgments of 
 
 sion™3T3 & i married women are granted by the Lord Chief Justice. The 
 74"' ^^■''^'■'P' application is by petition stating where the applicant prac- 
 tises and whether he is in partnership or not, and reciting 
 the public appointments, if any, held by him, and the neces- 
 sity for the new appointment. The petition must be accom- 
 panied by a certificate signed by the magistrates, clergy, 
 and principal inhabitants of the neighbourhood, and also a 
 certificate by two or more barristers, stating that the appli- 
 cant is a fit and proper person to be appointed a perpetual 
 commissioner. These papers are lodged at the office for filing 
 the acknowledgments of married women. The fee on obtain- 
 ing this commission is t'l. Before being acted upon the 
 23 & 24 Vic, commission must be entered at the office of the Incorporated 
 
 cap. 12. , _ ^ 
 
 sa: 30. Law Society. The Eegister of commissions is open to the 
 inspection of the public during office hours without fee. 
 
43 
 
 CALL OF SOLTCnOES TO THE BAR 
 
 The Consolidated Eegv^lations of the Inns of Court provide 
 that a solicitor of five years' standing ■who, prior to admis- 
 sion as a student, has taken his name off the Roll of Solicitors, 
 may be admitted a student at an Inn of Court, and may be 
 examined for call to the Bar, and be called to the Bar without 
 keeping any terms. He must give at least twelve months' 
 notice in writing to the Law Society, and to each of the four 
 Inns of Court, of his intention to seek call to the Bar, and 
 produce a certificate, signed by two members of the Council 
 of the Law Society, that he is a fit and proper person to be 
 called to the Bar. In addition, he may have to pass the 
 examination preliminary to admission as a student. 
 
44 
 
 LEGAL APPOINTMENTS 
 
 LEGAL APPOINTMENTS OF A PUBLIC 
 NATURE 
 
 Many public appointments are by law or custom confined to 
 barristers and solicitors. The following are the principal 
 appointments in question : — 
 
 Public Appointments confined to Baeeistees. 
 
 Office. 
 
 Salary. 
 
 Qaalification. 
 
 
 £ 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 Lord Chancellor . . . 
 
 10,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lord Chief Justice . . 
 
 8,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Master of the EoUa . . 
 
 6,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lord of Appeal in Or- 
 
 6,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 Holders of high judicial office, 
 
 dinary 
 
 
 
 
 or Barristers of not less 
 than fifteen years' standing 
 (39 &40Vic., cap. 59,sec. 6). 
 
 Lord Justice of Appeal . 
 
 5,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 36 & 37 Vic, cap. 66, sec. 8. 
 
 Judge of the High 
 
 5,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barristers of ten years' 
 
 Court 
 
 
 
 
 standing. 
 
 Attorney-General . . 
 
 8,217 
 
 
 
 
 
 And fees. 
 
 Solicitor-General . . . 
 
 8,638 
 
 
 
 
 
 And fees. 
 
 Judge Advocate -General 
 
 Unpaid 
 
 
 
 Deputy ditto 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 County Court Judge 
 
 Inferior Court of Ee- 
 cord. Assistant Judge 
 
 Mayor's Court, Assistant 
 Judge 
 
 1,500 
 
 Barristers of seven years' 
 standing (51 ct 52 Vic, cap. 
 43_, sec. 8). 
 
 Barristers of seven years' 
 standing (85 tV- 36 Vic, 
 cap. 86, sec 7). 
 
 Barristers of seven years' 
 standing ( Mayor's Court 
 Procedure Act, 1857, sec. 48). 
 
OF A PUBLIC NATUEE 
 
 45 
 
 Office. 
 
 Salary. 
 
 Qualification, if any. 
 
 
 & s. d. 
 
 
 Metropolitan Police 
 
 1,000 to 1,800 
 
 Barristers of seven years' 
 
 Magistrate 
 
 
 standing (2 & 3 Vic, cap. 
 71, sec. 3). 
 
 Eecorder 
 
 
 Barrister of five years' stand- 
 ing (45 & 46 Vic, cap. 50, 
 sec 168). 
 
 Salf ord Hundred Court, 
 
 — 
 
 Barrister of ten years' stand- 
 
 Judge 
 
 
 ing (31 & 32 Vic, cap. 130, 
 sec. 14) (Local). 
 
 Stipendiary Magistrate 
 
 
 Barristers of five years' stand- 
 ing under 26 & 27 Vic, 
 cap. 97, sec. 3; and of seven 
 years' standing under 45 & 
 46 Vic, cap. 50, sec. 161. 
 
 Conveyancing Counsel 
 to the Court 
 
 Examiner of the Court 
 
 Registrar under Land 
 Transfer Act, 1875 
 
 Revising Barrister . . 
 
 Barrister of ten years' stand- 
 ing (15 & 16 Vic, cap. 80, 
 sec. 41). 
 
 Barrister of three years' 
 standing (Supreme Court 
 Rules, ord. 37, rule 40). 
 
 Barrister of ten years' stand- 
 ing (38 & 39 Vic, cap. 87, 
 sec. 106, 119). 
 
 Barristers of seven years' 
 standing (37 & 38 Vic, cap. 
 53, sec. 6). 
 
 Public Appointments confined to Baeeistbes and 
 solicitoes, oe usually filled by theji. 
 
 Salary. 
 
 Qualification, if any. 
 
 Admiralty Registrar 
 
 „ Examiner 
 Assize, Clerk of . . 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,500 
 
 Barrister or Solicitor of ten 
 years' standing (24 & 25 
 Vic, cap. 10, sec. 27). 
 
 Barrister or Solicitor (24 & 
 25 Vic, cap. 10, sec. 28). 
 
 Barrister or Solicitor (32 & 
 33 Vic, cap. 89, sec. 3). 
 
LEGAL APPOINTMENTS 
 
 Cifflce. 
 
 Salary. 
 
 Associate, Central Office 
 
 Bankruptcy Registrar . 
 
 Board of Agriculture, 
 Legal Adviser 
 
 Board of Trade Soli- 
 citor 
 
 Borough Deputy Co- 
 roner 
 
 British Museum, Soli- 
 citor 
 
 Charity Commissioners, 
 Solicitor 
 
 Clerk of the Peace . . 
 
 Commissioner for Oaths 
 
 Commissioner for tak- 
 ing acknowledgments 
 
 County Council, Clerk . 
 
 Customs, Solicitor . . 
 
 Customs, Assistant 
 Solicitor 
 
 Duchy of Cornwall, 
 Solicitor 
 
 Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners, Solicitor 
 
 Exchequer and Audit 
 Department, Legal 
 Adviser 
 
 General Post Office 
 Solicitor 
 
 Guardians, Clerk to . . 
 
 House of Commons, 
 
 Clerk 
 India, Secretary of State 
 
 for. Solicitor 
 Inferior Court of Ee- 
 
 cord, Judge 
 
 Inland Eevenue Soli- 
 citor 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1,200 to 1,500 
 800 
 
 1,800 
 
 2,000 
 
 2,000 
 1,200 
 
 2,000 
 
 Qualification, if any. 
 
 15 & 10 Vic, cap. 72, sec. 11. 
 46 & 47 Vic, cap. 52, see. IIG. 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 
 
 & 38 Vic, cap.- 68, sec. 12). 
 Now held by a Solicitor (37 
 
 & 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Barrister or Solicitor (45 & 46 
 
 Vic, cap. 50, sees. 171-2). 
 Now held by a Solicitor (37 
 
 tt 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec 12). 
 Now held by a Solicitor (37 
 
 & 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Usually held by a Solicitor 
 
 (51 & 52 Vic, cap. 41, sec. 
 
 83). 
 Usually held by a Solicitor 
 
 (52 Vic, cap. 10, sec 1). 
 Usually held by a Solicitor 
 
 (3 & 4 Will. IV., cap. 74, 
 
 sec. 81). 
 Held with the office of Clerk 
 
 of the Peace (51 & 52 Vic, 
 
 cap. 41, sec. 83). 
 Now held by a SoHcitor (37 
 
 ct 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Now held by a Barrister. 
 
 Now held by a SoHcitor (18 
 & 19 Vic, cap. 32, see. 31). 
 
 Now held by a Solicitor (37 
 & 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 
 & 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec 12). 
 
 Now held by a SoKcitor (37 
 A- 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 
 Usually held by a Solicitor 
 (4 A- 5 Will, n-., cap. 76, 
 sec. 46). 
 
 Now held by a Solicitor. 
 
 Now held by a Barrister. 
 
 Barrister or Solicitor of ten 
 years' standing (8 A- 9 Vic, 
 cap. 127, sec 9). 
 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 
 * 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 
OF A PUBLIC XATl'EE 
 
 47 
 
 Inland Eevenne, Assis- 
 tant Solicitor 
 Justices' Clerk 
 
 Land Transfer Act, 
 187o,Assistant-Begis- 
 trar 
 
 Local Government 
 
 Board, Legal Adviser. 
 
 London, City of, Solici- 
 tor 
 
 Master of the Supreme 
 Court 
 
 Official Referee . . . 
 Official Solicitor . 
 
 Patent Office, Law Clerk 
 
 Probate Registrar . . 
 
 Priyy Council, Regis- 
 trar 
 
 Public Works and 
 Buildings, Solicitor 
 
 Public Works Loan 
 Board, Solicitor 
 
 Queen Anne's Bounty, 
 Solicitor 
 
 Railway & Canal Traffic 
 Commissioners, Re- 
 gistrar 
 
 Taxing Master, Chan- 
 cery Division 
 
 Town Clerks . . 
 Treasury, Solicitor 
 
 -t" s. d. 
 1,000 to 1,200 
 
 Treasury, 
 
 Solicitors 
 Under-Sheriff 
 
 Assistant- 
 
 I 900 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 ' 1,200 
 
 I 2,250 
 
 1,250 to 1,500 
 
 375 
 
 1,200 to 1,600 
 
 1,500 
 
 1,500 
 
 500 
 1,500 
 
 2,500 
 1,000 to 1,500 
 
 Qualification, if any. 
 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 
 
 6 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Barristers of fourteen years' 
 
 standing ; Solicitors and 
 others (40 ct 41 Vic, cap. 
 43, sec. 7). 
 
 Barrister or Solicitor of five 
 years' standing. Now held 
 by a Barrister (88 & 39 
 Vic, cap. 87, sees. 106, 119). 
 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 & 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, see. 12). 
 
 Now held by a Solicitor (6 A- 
 
 7 Tic, cap. 73, sec 47). 
 Barrister or Solicitor of five 
 
 years' standing (42 & 43 
 
 Vic, cap. 78, sec. 10.) 
 36 & 37 Vic, cap. 66, sec 83. 
 Now held by Solicitor (37 & 
 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 ct 
 
 38 Vic, cap. 08, sec. 12). 
 Barrister or Solicitor (20 & 
 
 21 Vic, cap. 77, sec. 20). 
 Now held by a Barrister (3 & 
 
 4 Will. IV., cap. 41, sec. 
 
 18). 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 & 
 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec 12). 
 Now held by a Solicitor (37 A' 
 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 & 
 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12). 
 Now held by a Barrister (51 & 
 
 52 Vic, cap. 25, sec 21). 
 
 This appointment has hither- 
 to been confined to Solici- 
 tors. 
 
 45 & 46 Vic, cap. 50, sec 17. 
 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 it 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 12f. 
 
 Two are Barristers and one is 
 a Solicitor. 
 
 Usually held by a Solicitor (50 
 & 51 Vic, cap. 55, sec 23). 
 
48 
 
 LEGAL APPOINTMENTS 
 
 Salary. 
 
 Vestry Clerk . . . . 
 
 Woods and Forests, 
 Solicitor 
 
 Qualificatiou, if any. 
 
 Usually held by a Solicitor 
 (13 & 14 Vic, cap. 57, sec.6). 
 
 Now held by a Barrister (37 cfe 
 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec 12). 
 
 Public Appointments confined, with few exceptions, 
 TO Solicitors. 
 
 Office. 
 
 Salary. 
 
 Qoflllfication. 
 
 Chancery Division 
 
 Chief Clerk (now de- 
 signated Master) 
 
 Chancery Registrar . . 
 
 Chancery Registrar's 
 Clerks 
 
 County Court, Registrar 
 
 District Registrar, High 
 Court 
 
 Metropolitan Police 
 Court, Chief Clerk 
 
 Salford Hundred Court, 
 Registrar 
 
 Stipendiary Magistrate, 
 Clerk to 
 
 £ s. d. 
 1,500 
 
 1,250 to 2,000 
 300 to 800 
 
 Solicitors of ten years' stand- 
 ing (15 & 16 Vic, cap. 80, 
 sec 17). 
 
 5 Vic, cap. 5, sees. 38, 41. 
 
 Solicitor or a person who has 
 served under articles to a 
 Solicitor for five years (o 
 Vic, cap. 5, sec. 41). 
 
 Solicitor of five years' standing 
 (51 & 52 Vic, cap. 43, sec. 
 25). 
 
 Solicitor of five years' stand- 
 ing (44 & 45 Vic, cap. 68, 
 sec 22). 
 
 2 & 3 Vic, cap. 71, sec. 5. 
 
 Solicitor (31 * 32 Vic, cap. 
 
 130, see. 25) (Local). 
 Solicitor (26 & 27 Vic, cap. 
 
 97, sec. 6). 
 
49 
 
 ADJIISSTON OF ENGLISH SOLICITORS 
 IN THE COLONIES 
 
 Having regard to the large number of young solicitors Admission 
 who go to the Colonies, and to the numerous inquiries coi'onies. 
 ■which are addressed to the Law Society on. the subject, 
 the following statement has been prepared, detailing, as 
 far as they can be ascertained, the steps necessary to be 
 taken prior to admission in the Colonies. 
 
 In most of the Colonies a person previously admitted 
 in England, Ireland, or Scotland can be admitted without 
 examination, on proof of such previous admission and that he 
 has not done anything to cause his name to be struck off the 
 Roll of the Court in which he was admitted. 
 
 In some Colonies such persons can be admitted without 
 delay, the orders for that purpose being made conditional for 
 a certain period. In other Colonies such persons have to be 
 resident for a given time immediately prior to their admission, 
 and in others residence and examination is required. 
 
 The regulations for each Colony are given very briefly 
 under the name of the Colony. 
 
 BERMUDA. 
 
 SoHcitors or writers to the signet in England, Scotland, 
 or Ireland are admitted to practise in the Bermuda Courts. 
 
 BEITISH COLUMBIA AND VANCOUVEE ISLAND. 
 
 Persons admitted in England, Scotland, or Ireland are 
 entitled to be admitted to practise in British Columbia and 
 
50 .\d:\iissii.ix in the colonies 
 
 Vancouver Island on passing an examination in the laws and 
 practice of that province. Before admission, the applicant 
 must deposit with the Eegistrar of the Court a certificate 
 signed by two enrolled and practising members of the pro- 
 fession in the province, that they believe the apphcant is a 
 person of good moral character, and a certificate from a 
 Judge of a Superior Court of the country in which he was 
 admitted that the applicant was admitted a solicitor of such 
 Court, and that he is of good standing and repute. A fee of 
 fifty dollars is payable before admission on the Eoll of 
 Attorneys in the province. 
 
 BEITISH GUIAiSIA. 
 
 Solicitors duly admitted to practise in the Courts of Great 
 Britain and Ireland are ehgible to practise in British Guiana 
 without further examination on production of their certificates 
 of admission, and sworn clerks who have served for five years 
 in the Eegistrar's office in the districts of Demerara and 
 Essequibo or of Berbice, or clerks who have served under 
 articles for three years to a barrister, or advocate, or attorney- 
 at-law practising in the Supreme Courts of British Guiana, 
 with a certificate of good character and ability signed by the 
 master with whom the clerkship has been served, and also 
 by one of the barristers or advocates practising therein, may 
 be admitted to practise as attorneys-at-law upon taking and 
 subscribing the usual and customary oath. 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 Persons previously admitted in England, Ireland, or 
 Scotland are admitted to practise here, subject to certain 
 conditions, which vary somewhat in the different States. 
 
 CEYLON. 
 
 A solicitor, writer to the signet, or proctor of any of the 
 Superior Courts of Great Britain or Ireland, or a procurator 
 
AD3IISSI0N I^^ THE COLONIES 51 
 
 of any Court of Eecord in Scotland, may be admitted as a 
 proetor for the Supreme Court of Ceylon. The appUcant 
 must produce a certificate or other documentary proof of his 
 admission, together with an affidavit that he is the person 
 named in the certificate, and that^he has not done anything 
 which would cause his name to he struck off the Roll of the 
 Court in which he has been admitted, and that to the best 
 of his knowledge and belief his name still remains on the 
 Eoil. A fee of £5 is payable on admission. 
 
 FIJI. 
 
 Persons previously admitted in England, Ireland, or Scot- 
 land can be admitted to practise in Fiji on satisfying the 
 Chief Justice there that they are fit and proper persons. 
 
 HONG KONG. 
 
 Solicitors and writers duly admitted in England, Scotland, 
 and Ireland, or in any British Colony, are admitted to prac- 
 tise. 
 
 INDIA — BOMBAY. 
 
 Persons previously admitted in England, Ireland, or 
 Scotland are admitted to practise, on production of their 
 certificates of admission, together with certificates of good 
 character and ability, signed by the master with whom they 
 served under articles, and also by one of the principal officers 
 of the Court in which they were admitted. The application 
 for admission is by means of a petition. 
 
 CALCUTTA, 
 
 A person previously admitted in England, Ireland, or 
 Scotland may be admitted in Calcutta, provided he produces a 
 certificate of his admission and a certificate that his name is 
 stiU on the EoU of the Court in which he was admitted, and 
 gives satisfactory assurance of good character, and produces a 
 
 E 2 
 
S2 ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 
 
 certificate signed by the major part of the examiners actually 
 present and conducting the examination, one of them being 
 the Eegistrar of the Court, that he has satisfactorily passed 
 an examination in the following subjects : — 
 
 (1) The Letters Patent constituting the High Court. 
 (2) The Code of Civil Procedure. (3) The Indian Penal 
 Code. (4) The Code of Criminal Procedure. (5) The Indian 
 Succession Act. (6) The Indian Contract Act. (7) The 
 Evidence Act. (8) The Eegistration Act. (9) The Limita- 
 tion Act. 
 
 JAMAICA. 
 
 Solicitors and writers to the signet duly admitted in 
 England, Scotland, or Ireland are competent to practise in 
 the Superior and other Courts in Jamaica. There is no pro- 
 vision as to a final examination prior to admission. Articled 
 clerks are required to be sixteen years of age, and must serve 
 for five years, and afterwards pass an examination m Open 
 Court, and produce evidence of due service. 
 
 MANITOBA. 
 
 Preliminary and final examinations are required in 
 Manitoba. 
 
 Attorneys or solicitors admitted in any other province of 
 the Dominion of Canada, or in England, Ireland, or Scotland, 
 who have served for one year under articles in Manitoba, and 
 have passed the final examination, may be admitted. 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES. 
 
 Persons previously admitted in England, Scotland, or Ire- 
 land, who have resided in the Colony for three months, are 
 entitled to be admitted as solicitors of the Supreme Court of 
 this Colony. 
 
 The following are also entitled to be admitted on passing 
 the final examination in the Colony : — 
 
ADMISSION I\ THE COLONIES 53 
 
 Persons articled in England, Ireland, or Scotland, -who 
 have served the full term, and who have passed the Inter- 
 mediate examination in either of those countries, or who, 
 having been so articled, and having served some portion of 
 their articles, complete the residue of their term as clerk to 
 a soHcitor in New South Wales ; or who, having been articled 
 and served in New South Wales for portion of their term, 
 complete the residue of their service in England, Scotland, or 
 Ireland, and have passed the necessary intermediate examin- 
 ations either in New South Wales or in England, Scotland, 
 or Ireland. 
 
 The subjects for the final examinations are — 
 
 1. Real Property and Conveyancing. 
 
 2. Common Law. 
 
 3. Equity, Divorce, Matrimonial and Ecclesiastical Law. 
 
 4. Criminal Law. 
 
 o. Practice of the Supreme Court and Insolvency. 
 
 <3. Jurisdiction and Practice of the Inferior Courts. 
 
 Candidates must pass in four at least of these subjects. 
 
 Persons previously admitted as solicitors must, at the time 
 of giving notice of admission in this Colony, file a certificate 
 of previous admission and an affidavit, which must be sub- 
 stantially in the form given at page 59. 
 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 Persons admitted in any part of the British dominions are 
 entitled to be admitted as solicitors in New Zealand, on pass- 
 uag an examination in the knowledge of law, including the 
 law of New Zealand, so far as it differs from the law of 
 England. No service is required. Any person admitted as 
 a sohcitor can, on application, be also admitted as a barrister ; 
 and barristers can be admitted as solicitors. Before admis- 
 sion as barristers, however, solicitors have to pass an 
 additional examination, both in general knowledge and 
 law. 
 
 The examinations are held half-yearly, in March and 
 
ll 
 
 54 ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 
 
 Septemfcer. The fees payable, if admitted as a barrister or 
 
 solicitor only, are : — 
 
 Examination, two guineas ; Admission, five guineas ; 
 Certificate, three guineas. If admitted to practise, botl 
 as barrister and solicitor, the following additional fees 
 are payable : Admission, five guineas ; Certificate, one 
 guinea. 
 
 NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 Any person previously admitted in England, Scotland, 
 or Ireland, or in any British Colony, on filing a sati?- 
 lactory certificate to that effect, and also testifying that he is 
 of good moral character and has served as an articled clerk 
 for five years, is entitled, on passing an examination as to his 
 educational qualifications, to be admitted to practise. 
 
 OTsTXRlO. 
 
 Persons duly admitted in England, Ireland, or Scotland 
 may, as special cases, be admitted and enrolled as attorneys 
 and solicitors of the Superior Courts in Ontario, on proof that 
 they have been admitted and were in actual practice and resi- 
 dent in the country in which they were so admitted for five 
 years prior to their application, or that they were bound by a 
 contract in writing to a practising attorney or solicitor in 
 Ontario to serve as articled clerk for one year and passed the 
 final examination. Notice of intention to apply for admission 
 must be given during the term next preceding that in which 
 the applicant presents himself for examination and admission, 
 and must also be published for at least two months preceding 
 such last-mentioned term in the Ontario ' Gazette,' and evi- 
 dence must be adduced that no application has been made to 
 the Court in which the applicant was admitted to strike him 
 off the Eoll or otherwise disqualify him, and that no charge 
 is pending against him for professional or other misconduct. 
 
 A special fee of 200 dollars on admission is payable by 
 solicitors in addition to the ordinary fees for articled clerks. 
 
ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 55 
 
 QUEENSLAND. 
 
 Persons admitted in England, Ireland, or Scotland must, 
 one week at least before making application for admission in 
 this Colony, lodge -with the Eegistrar their original or annual 
 certificate and file an affidavit in the form given at page 59 . 
 Every person so applying must, ten clear days before the 
 sitting of the Court at which he makes application for admis- 
 sion, cause his name and address, written in legible characters, 
 to be affixed in the office of the Registrar and also in the 
 Court-house. He must also cause notice of his intended 
 application to be advertised three several times in two news- 
 papers published in Brisbane during such ten days. 
 
 Persons who have served portion of their term of service 
 in England, Ireland, and Scotland, and who have completed 
 their term of service in this Colony, or who have served a por- 
 tion of their time in this Colony, and completed their term in 
 England, Ireland, or Scotland, as the case may be, and who 
 have passed the final examination, are entitled, on giving 
 proper notice and evidence of these facts, to be admitted in 
 this Colony. 
 
 The subjects for the final examination are : — 
 
 1. The principles of law and procedure in matters usually 
 
 determined and administered in the Supreme Court. 
 
 2. The principles of law and procedure in matters 
 
 usually determined and administered in the Vice- 
 Admiralty Court. 
 8. The principles of the law of Real and Personal 
 Property and the practice of Conveyancing. 
 
 4. The law and practice of Insolvency. 
 
 5. Criminal law and practice. 
 
 6. Practice of the Courts of Inferior Jurisdiction. 
 
 7. Constitutional law and Legal History. 
 
 A fee of six guineas is payable on going up for the final 
 examination, and one of twenty guineas by every person 
 previously admitted in some other Court. 
 
56 ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 
 
 SOUTH AFRICA. 
 
 Persons entitled to practise in the United Kingdom as 
 solicitors or writers to the signet may be admitted in Cape 
 Colony on the certificate of the Council of the Law Society 
 of the Cape of Good Hope, to be obtained on proof of 
 authority to practise in England, Ireland, or Scotland. A 
 fee not exceeding £1 Is. is payable for the certificate, and the 
 admission fee is £20. It is understood that admission in 
 Cape Colony confers certain privileges as to admission in the 
 other South African Colonies. Prior to admission in the 
 Transvaal an examination in Dutch must be passed. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 Persons admitted in England, Ireland, or Scotland are, 
 on proof of such admission, entitled to be admitted solicitors 
 of the Supreme Court of South Australia. 
 
 Persons who have been admitted outside the Colony must 
 give written notice of their intention to be admitted, and 
 must file affidavits exhibiting a copy of their original or 
 annual certificates. This affidavit must be in the form given 
 at p. 59. 
 
 Every such person must, before admission, have resided in 
 the Colony for one year continu.ously immediately preceding 
 his notice, but this rule may be dispensed with. 
 
 The rule as to residence applies to persons who have 
 served the whole or any part of their term outside the Colony, 
 but have not been admitted. Such persons are entitled to 
 admission on passing the final examination. 
 
 The following are the subjects for the final examination 
 in six of which it is necessary to pass : — 
 
 1. Real Property and Conveyancing. 
 
 2. Common and Statute Law. 
 
 3. Equity. 
 
ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 57 
 
 4. Admiralty, Ecclesiastical, Divorce, and Matrimonal 
 
 Law. 
 
 5. Insolvency Law. 
 
 6. Criminal Law. 
 
 7. Practice of the Courts of Inferior Jurisdiction. 
 
 8. Constitutional Law and Constitutional History. 
 
 STEAITS SETTLEMENTS. 
 
 The Supreme Court of the Straits Settlements has a dis- 
 cretionary power to admit to practise as solicitors or writers 
 persons duly admitted in England, Scotland, or Ireland. 
 
 TASMANIA. 
 
 Any person who has been admitted in England, Ireland, 
 or Scotland is entitled to admission here without any ex- 
 amination in general knowledge or law, on satisfactory proof 
 of admission and of residence in the Colony for twelve 
 months. Such admission qualifies for practice as a barrister 
 and a solicitor. 
 
 TEINIDAD. 
 
 Persons who have been previously admitted, and whose 
 names are actually on the Eoll in England, Ireland, or 
 Scotland, can be admitted in Trinidad, on production of 
 evidence of such admission, and that they are fit and proper 
 persons. 
 
 VICTOBIA. 
 
 Persons who have not been previously admitted, but who 
 have served the fuU term of five years in England, Ireland, 
 or Scotland, or any part of the British dominions, are required 
 to pass an examination (the final) in six of the following 
 subjects : — 
 
 1. Eeal Property and Conveyancing. 
 
 2. Statute and Common Law. 
 
58 ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 
 
 3. Equity, Divorce, Matrimonial, and Ecclesiastical Law. 
 
 4. Insolvency and Admiralty. 
 
 5. Criminal Law. 
 
 6. Practice of the Supreme Court in its various branches. 
 
 7. Practice of the Courts of Inferior Jurisdiction. 
 
 8. Constitutional Law and Constitutional History. 
 
 Such persons must have resided at least one year in Victoria 
 before being entitled to apply for examination. 
 
 Persons previously admitted in England, Ireland, or Scot- 
 land are not required to pass any examination ; but every 
 such person must, before the term previous to that in which 
 he desires to be examined, give written notice of his intention 
 to apply to be admitted, and file affidavits of facts on which 
 he seeks admission, together with copies of original or annual 
 certificates. 
 
 By the Victoria Act, 1891, it is provided that a candidate 
 must be admitted both as a barrister and a solicitor. 
 
 A fee of five guineas is payable on examination, and one of 
 forty guineas previous to admission. 
 
 WESTBEN AUSTEALIA. 
 
 Persons who have resided for six months in the Colony 
 and have been admitted elsewhere must, one month before 
 applying for admission in this Colony, affix their names and 
 addresses in the Office of the Eegistrar of the Court, and must 
 also cause notice of the intended appUcation to be published 
 twice in two public newspapers in the Colony. They must, 
 four months previous to such application, also file with the 
 Registrar a certificate of their previous admission, or a true 
 copy of it, together with an affidavit substantially in the form 
 given below. The rule for the admission of such applicants 
 may be ordered and drawn up on reading such affidavit, or 
 the Court or Chief Justice in Chambers may refuse the appli- 
 cation where previous misconduct or long discontinuance from 
 practice renders the applicant unfit to be admitted. 
 
 The admission fee is £10. The two branches of the legal 
 profession are amalgamated in this Colony. 
 
ADMISSION IN THE COLONIES 59 
 
 AFFIDAVIT OF SOLICITOE APPLYING FOE ADMISSION. 
 
 In the Superior Court of the "1 
 Colony of . J 
 
 IN THE Mattee of A. B., Gentleman. 
 I, A. B., of in the Colony of , Gentleman, 
 
 make Oath and say : — 
 
 1. That I was on the day of a.d. 18 , 
 admitted an Attorney of Her Majesty's Court of Queen's 
 Bench at Westminster, and on the day of 
 
 A.D. 18 admitted a Solicitor of Her Majesty's Supreme 
 
 Court in England (or as the case may be). 
 
 2. That I have not done or committed any act or thing 
 ■which would cause my name to be struck off the Roll of the 
 said Court (or as the case may be). 
 
 3. That to the best of my knowledge and belief my name 
 still remains on the Rolls of each of the said Courts. 
 
 4. That the copies of the certificates annexed are true 
 copies of my admission therein respectively. 
 
 5. That I am the person named therein. 
 
 6. That I ceased to practise as an Attorney and Solicitor 
 in England in the month of a.d. 
 
 7. That I arrived on the day of a.d. 18 , 
 in the Colony of by the ship which sailed 
 from the port of in 
 
 8. That I have ceased to practise in England, and before 
 my departure therefrom I was employed as and 
 since my arrival in the Colony of I have been 
 employed as 
 
 "9. And I refer to C. D. of and E. F. of 
 
 resident within the said Colony as persons to whom I am 
 known. 
 
 10. That I have caused to be posted and published the 
 notices required by the Rules of this Honourable Court and 
 otherwise in all respects complied therein. 
 
 Sworn at this day of a.d. 18 
 
 Before me 
 
 Commissioner for taking Affidavits. 
 
60 
 
 ADMISSION OF COLONIAL SOLICITORS 
 IN ENGLAND 
 
 'Colonial As already mentioned, Colonial attorneys have some privi- 
 ■(20 & 21 Vic, leges as regards admission as solicitors in England. The 
 Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act, 1857, provides that all British 
 subjects duly admitted and enrolled as attorneys and solicitors 
 in the Superior Courts of Law and Equity in those of Her 
 Majesty's colonies or dependencies (to which the provisions 
 of this Act have been extended by Order in Council) where 
 the system of jurisprudence is founded on, or assimilated to, 
 the common law and principles of equity as administered in 
 England, and where full service under articles of clerkship for 
 five years, and an examination to test the qualification of 
 candidates are or may be required previous to admission, shall 
 and may be admitted as solicitors in England. No person is 
 to be deemed qualified to be admitted as a solicitor under this 
 Act unless he shall pass an examination to test his fitness and 
 capacity ; shall produce the prescribed certificate from the 
 Colonial Judge ; and shall make an affidavit that he is resident 
 within the jurisdiction of the English Courts, and has ceased 
 for twelve months at least to practise as an attorney in any 
 Colonial Court. 
 .■37 i 38 Vic, Under an amending Act of 1874, examination and ceasing 
 
 ■ cap. 41. 1 
 
 to practise have been dispensed with in the case of soUcitors 
 who have been in actual practice for seven years, and have 
 served under articles and passed an examination previous to 
 admission in a colony or dependency to which the Act of 1857 
 applies. 
 ;'clp*2^4! ^"'■' Under a further amending Act of 1881, the provisions of 
 
ADMISSION OF COLONIAL SOLICITORS 61 
 
 the Colonial Attorneys' Relief Act may, on the application 
 of the Governor, be extended to colonies or dependencies 
 in which English solicitors are admitted without service or 
 examination, except in the laws of the colony or dependency 
 in so far as they difi'er from the laws of England, and in 
 which service under articles for five years, and examination 
 prior to admission, are not in all cases obligatory. Solicitors 
 admitted in such colonies or dependencies must, in addition 
 to other requirements, prove that they have served for five 
 years under articles ; that they have been examined ; and 
 that they have practised for seven years at the least in the 
 colony or dependency in question. 
 
 By Orders in Council the Colonial Attorneys' Relief Act 
 has been extended to the Bahamas, Cape of Good Hope, 
 Jamaica, New South Wales, New Zealand, South Australia, 
 Trinidad, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Society has 
 been informed by the India Office that the Act has also been 
 extended to Bengal, Bombay, and Madras. 
 
62 
 
 ADMISSION TO THE LEGAL PROFES- 
 SION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES 
 
 UNITED STATES OP AMEEICA. 
 
 The terms of admission vary in the different States, but 
 as a rule they prescribe citizenship and the passing of an 
 examination. In New York and other States -women are 
 admitted. 
 
 The following information is taken (by permission) from 
 the ' Law Times ' of the 23rd of November, 1895 :— 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 In Belgium there is no division of the legal profession into 
 barristers and solicitors ; the avocat undertakes the duties of 
 both characters. 
 
 To qualify as an avocat, the candidate must have gone 
 through a five years' course of legal study at a university, 
 and have passed the annual examinations of the course. He 
 must then spend three years in the office of a fully qualified 
 avocat, during which period he may plead gratuitously, but 
 not for fees. At the end of this period of service he is entitled 
 to practise.' 
 
 PEANCE. 
 
 In France the legal profession proper is divided into the 
 two classes of avocats and avo^ies. The notaire is hardly 
 a lawyer in the English sense of the term. The avoue 
 qualifies by two years' study of law in a university, followed 
 by an examination conducted by the Faculty. The avocat 
 requires a three years' course of study, followed by an exami- 
 nation, success in which entitles him to the degree of Ucencio 
 
 ' Communicated by W. Lydcotte, Esq., H.B.M. Acting Consul- 
 General, Antwerp. 
 
ADMISSION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES 6B 
 
 en droit. This degree is his passport to the profession, but 
 the more ambitious students usually proceed to the further 
 degree of Doctor, which is of substantial advantage to them 
 in their candidature for public office. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 In Germany the legal profession is divided, not into 
 advocates and solicitors, but into magistrates (Bichter) and 
 practitioners (Bechtsamoalte). No one can become a prac- 
 titioner unless he has qualified as a magistrate. In order to 
 qualify as a magistrate, the candidate must (a) employ three 
 years in the study of law in a university (half of this time 
 must be spent at a German university) ; (&) during a further 
 period of three years devote himself to attendance in the law 
 courts (generally as a subordinate official) and to service in 
 the office of a practitioner. The candidate is then free to 
 choose whether he will seek magisterial office (Bichteramt) 
 or private practice (Bechtsanwaltschaft).^ 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 As in the case of Germany, training for the magistracy 
 and for the practice of the law are identical. The avenue to 
 each caUing is the same — viz. the degree of Doctor of Law, 
 which can only be obtained after a course of study and exami- 
 nation in a Dutch university. The examination includes not 
 only written papers, but oral public defence of one or more 
 propositions of law, selected either by the candidate or the 
 Faculty. No further qualification for practice appears to be 
 regarded as necessary. The distinction between barristers 
 {avocats) and solicitors (procureurs) exists in theory, but the 
 two functions can, by virtue of a recent statute, be combined 
 in the same person.^ 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 In Italy there are, as in England, two branches of 
 the legal profession — avoccati (barristers) and procuratori 
 
 ' Communicated by Dr. Felix Meyer, Amtsgerichtsrat, Berlin. 
 ^ Communicated by W. C. Robinson, Esq., H.B.M. Consul, Am- 
 sterdam. 
 
64 ADMISSION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES 
 
 (solicitors). To qualify as a procuratore the candidate mus 
 go through a four years' course at a university, obtaining 
 the degree of Doctor in Law. This degree qualifies him tc 
 practise as a solicitor. 
 
 But, if he wishes to qualify as a barrister, he must furthei 
 serve a two years' apprenticeship in the office of an avoccato 
 During this period he must also attend the sessions of specifiec 
 law courts, and, at its termination, undergo a special exami 
 nation. A solicitor who has been in practice for six years 
 may claim to be entered on the roll of barristers without 
 further qualification. > 
 
 NOEWAY. 
 
 In Norway, both for official posts and for private practice, 
 it is necessary that a lawyer should have acquired the degree 
 of Doctor of Law at a university. This implies a four years' 
 course of study. No official requirement of apprenticeship 
 exists, but most intending practitioners serve in the office of 
 an established lawyer, either during or after the period oi 
 study at the university. 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 In Sweden there is no incorporated body of legal prac- 
 titioners, and no official distinction between advocates oi 
 pleaders and solicitors. The greater part of those who 
 possess a legal training are employed in the service of the 
 State, and for all the higher posts in such service a certificate 
 of examination by the Law Faculty of a Swedish university 
 is indispensable. This certificate is, as a rule, only given 
 after four years of study. Private practitioners do not, 
 strictly, require any official qualifications ; but, as a matter 
 of fact, they generally undergo the same training as magis- 
 trates, and they have frequently obtained their practical 
 experience of service in the lower ranks of the magistracy.^ 
 
 ' Communicated by Sir Dominic Colnaghi, K.C.B., H.B.M. Consul 
 General, Florence. 
 
 ^ Communicated by Harald Ebrenborg, Esq., Swedish Vice-Consul 
 Liverpool. 
 
65 
 
 PAET II 
 
 CHARTERS, ACTS, BYE-LAWS, RULES, Jsc. 
 
 THE CHARTER OF THE 
 INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY 
 
 Victoria, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Society's 
 Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, To all to whom p'^"',^' 
 these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas our Eoyal predecessor ] 345. ' 
 Xing William the Fourth, late King of England, by his Letters 
 Patent imder the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing 
 date at Westminster the twenty-second day of December, in the 
 Second Year of his Eeign, did grant, constitute, declare and appoint 
 that Thomas Adlington, Jonathan Brundrett, George Frere, and 
 W^illiam Tooke, and aU such other persons being Attorneys, Solicitors, 
 •or Proctors, practising within the United Kingdom of Great Britain 
 and Ireland, or Writers to the Signet, or Writers in the Courts of 
 Justice in that part of the United Kingdom called Scotland, or 
 being persons who had practised as Attorneys, Solicitors, or 
 Proctors within the United Kingdom, or as Writers to the Signet, 
 or Writers in the Courts of Justice in Scotland, and should have 
 voluntarily retired from such practice, as then were or should 
 thereafter become qualified as thereinafter naentioned ; should be, 
 and be called, one body politic and corporate, in deed and in law, by 
 the name and style of The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, 
 and others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law 
 and Equity of the United Kingdom ; ' And them by the name of 
 ' The Society of Attorneys, Sohcitors, Proctors and others not 
 being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and Equity of 
 the United Kingdom,' did make, erect, ordain, and constitute, 
 establish, confirm, and declare to be one body politic and corporate, 
 in deed and in law, for ever ; and did grant to the Society thereby in- 
 corporated divers powers, liberties, and privileges in the same Letters 
 Patent mentioned : And whereas it hath been represented to us 
 
66 CHAETER 
 
 that it is expedient that the constitution of the Society should be so 
 modified as that the Members thereof should not possess any 
 individual right of property in its capital or possessions, rents or 
 income, but that the whole capital and possessions, and the renta 
 and income thereof, should be applicable to the general purposes 
 of the Society in promoting professional improvement, and facili- 
 tating the acquisition of legal knowledge : And whereas by a deed 
 or writing under the Common Seal of ' The Society of Attorneys, - 
 Solicitors, Proctors, and others not being Barristers, practising in 
 the Com'ts of Law and Equity of the United Kingdom,' bearing 
 date the 2nd day of February, in the Eighth Year of oiu* Eeign, 
 and enrolled on Eecord in our High Court of Chancery on the 
 24th day of February, in the said Eighth Year of our Eeign, the 
 Society have surrendered into our hands the Charter of Incorpora- 
 tion, so granted to them by our Eoyal predecessor. King William 
 the Fotu'th, on the 22nd day of December, in the Second Year of 
 his Eeign ; And whereas our trusty and weU-beloved Edward Foss 
 and Michael Clayton, two of the members of the Society, have by 
 their petition humbly besought us to grant to them and to the 
 several other persons who were Members of the Society at the time 
 when their Charter of Incorporation was surrendered into our 
 hands, and to such other persons as shall be appointed and elected 
 Members of the Society, as hereinafter mentioned, our Eoyal 
 Charter of Incorporation for the better carrying into effect the 
 professional purposes for which the Society was originally con- 
 stituted : — 
 The Society I. Now therefore know ye, that we being gi-aciously pleased to 
 inoorijo- grant to the said Petitioners their said request, of our especial grace, 
 certain knowledge, and mere motion, have willed, granted, consti- 
 tuted, declared, and appointed, and by these presents, for us, our 
 heirs and successors, do wiU, grant, constitute, declare, and appoint, 
 that they the said Edward Foss and Michael Clayton, and the 
 several other persons who were Members of the Society at the time 
 when their Charter of Incorporation was surrendered into our hands 
 and all such other persons being Attorneys, Solicitors, or Proctors, 
 practising within our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 or Writers to the Signet, or Writers in our Courts of Justice in that 
 part of our United Kingdom called Scotland, or being persons who 
 shall have practised as Attorneys, Solicitors, or Proctors within om* 
 United Kingdom, or as Writers to the Signet, or Writers in our 
 Courts of Justice in Scotland, and shall have voluntarily retired from 
 such practice (not being Barristers), as shall from time to time be 
 elected Members of the Society in the manner hereinafter directed, 
 and their respective successors, shall for ever hereafter be, and be 
 called, one body poUtic and corporate, in deed and in law, by the 
 ifame of the name and style of the ' Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, 
 Corporation, g^^j others not being Barristers, practising in the Coxni;s of Law 
 and Equity of the United Kingdom,' and them by the name and 
 
CHAETER 67 
 
 style of the ' Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and others 
 
 not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and Equity of 
 
 the United Kingdom,' we do, for us, our heirs and successors, make, 
 
 erect, ordain and constitute, establish, confirm, and declare, to be 
 
 one body pohtic and corporate, in deed and in law, for ever. And 
 
 we do, for us, our heu's and successors, grant and declare that by 
 
 the name of ' The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and 
 
 others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and 
 
 Equity of the United Kingdom,' they and their successors shall and 
 
 may sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, ansv/er and be Society may 
 
 answered unto, defsnd and be defended, in whatsoever courts and s»« ■i"d be 
 
 places, and before any Judges, Justices, or officers of us, our heirs ^""^ ' 
 
 and successors, in all and singular actions, pleas, suits, plaints, 
 
 matters and demands, of what kind or quality soever they shall be, 
 
 in the same manner and form, and as fully and amply, as any of 
 
 ovn: subjects of this our United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
 
 Ireland may or can do. 
 
 II. And that they, ' The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, May use a 
 and others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law ge^"'" 
 and Equity of the United Kingdom,' shall and may have and use 
 
 a Common Seal for the affairs and business of the Society ; and 
 that it shall and may be lawful for the Society and their successors, 
 the same Common Seal, from time to time, at their wiU and 
 pleasm-e, to break, change, alter, or make new, as to them shall 
 seem expedient. 
 
 III. And we do for us, our heirs and successors, grant and To have 
 declare, that by the same name of ' The Society of Attorneys, sucJIs^SoJ, 
 Sohcitors, Proctors, and others not being Barristers, practising in 
 
 the Courts of Law and Equity of the United Kingdom,' they shall 
 have perpetual succession, and at all times hereafter shall be able 
 and capable in law, notwithstanding the statutes of mortmain, to Jiay piir- 
 purchase, acquire, have, take, hold, receive, and enjoy, to them and '^"^ '*" ■> 
 their successors, in perpetiiity, or for any terms of lives, or years, limited e.;- ■ 
 or other estate, any messuages, lands, tenements, rents, possessions, teut, 
 and hereditaments, of what nature or kind soever, the yearly value 
 of which shall not exceed in the whole at any one time the sum of 
 five thousand pounds, computing the same respectively at the rack- 
 rent which might have been had or gotten for the same respectively, 
 at the time of the pm-chase or acquisition thereof, and also all 
 manner of goods, chattels, and things whatsoever, of what nature 
 or value soever, which they may think requisite for the purposes of 
 the said Society. 
 
 IV. And also from time to time to sell, grant, demise, exchange, ana sell the 
 and dispose of, or mortgage, any of the same messuages, lands, ^'■'™'=- 
 tenements, rents, possessions, and hereditaments, wherein they 
 shall have any estate or interest, or which they shall so acquire as 
 aforesaid ; btit that no sale, rhortgage, incumbrance, or other dis- 
 position of any messuages, lands, tenements, or hereditaments 
 
 f2 
 
68 CHARTER 
 
 belonging to the Society shall be made except with the approbation 
 and concurrence of a General Meeting. 
 Bodies Poli- V. And Vie do hereby, for us, our heirs and successors, give and 
 tic and Cor- grant special license, power, faculty, and authority, to any person or 
 powercdto persons, bodies politic and corporate, their heirs and successors, 
 give land to respectively, to give, grant, sell, aliene, assign, dispose, or devise in 
 the Society, mortmain, in perpetuity, or otherwise, to or to the use and benefit 
 of, or in trust for, ' The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, 
 and others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and 
 E(iuity of the United Kingdom,' and their successors, any mes- 
 suages, lands, tenements, rents, and hereditaments, not exceeding 
 (with the lands so purchased or previously acquired, and then held 
 by the said Society) such yearly value as aforesaid. And also any 
 sum or sums of money, goods, chattels, stocks in the public funds, 
 securities for money, and other personal estate, to be laid out and 
 disposed of in the purchase of any lands, tenements, or heredita- 
 ments, not exceeding the like jearly value, for the purposes of the 
 Society. 
 Members VI. And we do further will and declare that, in case any Member 
 
 rendered ia- of the Society shall, in consequence of the order of any Court 
 praotuing "^ competent Judicature, be rendered incapable by reason of mal- 
 by order o£ practice, Or other professional misconduct, of practising in our 
 Court for Courts of Justice, or any of them, such person shall forthwith cease 
 to cease to to be a Member of the Society. 
 
 be Members. vn. And we do hereby grant and declare that the number of 
 Tlie number Members of this Society shall be indefinite, and that the other 
 of tte™*"^"^^ persons who were Members of the Society at the time when their 
 Society to be Charter of Incorporation was surrendered into our hands, shall be 
 iudefluite. the first Members of the Society. 
 
 Society to be VIII. And we further grant and declare that, for the better 
 gwerned by rule and government of the Society, and for the better direction and 
 Tice^'rasl-' management of the concerns thereof, there shaU be a Council of the 
 dent, audi Society, to be elected from among such of the Members of the said 
 consist^f'' Society as shall be Attorneys, Solicitoi's, or Proctors practising in 
 not more England, and a President and a Vice-President of the Society to be 
 thantiiirty, elected from the Council, and that such Council, includiiig the 
 twenty President and Vice-President, shall consist of not more than thirty, 
 Members, nor less than twenty Members. 
 
 Names of tiie IX. And We do further declare and appoint that the said Michael 
 
 Vi^'pre*sl- Clayton shall be the first President of the Society, and Edward 
 
 dent, and Rowland Pickering shall be the first Vice-President of the Society, 
 
 CounoU. and that the said Michael Clayton and Edward Rowland Pickering, 
 
 together with Samuel Amory, Benjamin Austen, Robert Riddell 
 
 Bayley, Thomas Clarke, William Loxham Farrer, John Irving 
 
 Glennie, John Swarbreck Gregory, Richard Harrison, Bryan Hohne, 
 
 Edward Lawford, WiUiam Lowe, Robert Wheatley Lumley, Thomas 
 
 Metcalfe, John Innes Pocock, Charles Ranken, Charles Shadwell, 
 
 John Teesdale, William Tooke, Richard White, Robert Whitmore, 
 
CHARTER 69, 
 
 Edward Archer Wilde, and Thomas Wing shall be Members of the 
 first Council until the first General Meeting of the Society for the 
 election of the President, Vice-President, and the Council, shall be 
 held in pursuance of these presents. 
 
 X. And we further will and declare, that the Council of the Council to 
 Society shall have power, from time to time, at their Meetings, to Mraibers. 
 be held at the times and places to be directed by the Bye-laws of 
 
 the Society, to appoint and elect, in the manner to be directed by 
 such Bye-laws, such persons as they shall think fit, being Attorneys, 
 Sohcitors, or. Proctors practising within our United Kingdom of 
 Great Britain and Ireland, or Writers to the Signet, or Writers in 
 our Courts of Justice in that part of our United Kingdom called 
 Scotland, or being persons who shall have practised as Attorneys, 
 Solicitors, or Proctors, within our United Kingdom, or as Writers 
 to the Signet, or as Writers in our Coiurts of Justice in Scotland, 
 and shall have voluntarily retired from such practice (not being 
 Barristers) to be Members of the Society. 
 
 XI. And we further will that, subject and without prejudice to S'^p""'., 
 the powers hereinafter vested in the General Meetings of the Society, * """^ ' 
 the Council shall have the sole and entire management of the Society 
 
 and of the income and property thereof, for the uses, purposes, and 
 benefit of the Society, and shall have the sole and exclusive right of 
 nominating and appointing a Secretary, Librarian, and such other 
 OfiBcers, Clerks, Attendants, and Servants, as they may deem neces- 
 sary or useful to the Society, and of removing them if they shall 
 think fit, and shall prescribe their respective duties : And that it 
 shall and may be lawful for the Council, or any five or more of 
 them, to assemble and meet together when and as often as they 
 shall think fit until the passing of the Bye-laws of the Society, and 
 from and after the passing of such Bye-laws at such times and 
 places as shall be du-ected by the said Bye-laws, and from time to 
 time to do all such acts as shall appear to them, or the majority of 
 the Council then present, necessary or fitting to be done, in order 
 to carry into fuU operation and effect the object and purposes of 
 the Society, so always that the same be not inconsistent with or 
 repugnant to the provisions of this our Charter, or any existing 
 Bye-law, Ordinance, or Begulation made, ordered, or agreed upon 
 at any General Meeting of the Members of the Society, or the Laws 
 and Statutes of this our Eealm. 
 
 XII. And we do hereby further grant and declare, that at any General 
 General Meeting it shall and may be lawful for the Members of the may make 
 Society, or such of them as shall be then present, to ordam and bye-laws, 
 make such and so many bye-laws, rules, orders, and ordinances, as 
 
 to them, or the major part of them, shall seem necessary, convenient, 
 and proper for the regulation and good government of the Society, 
 and of the Members and affairs thereof, and for fixing and deter- 
 mining the number of Members of which the Council shall consist, 
 and the manner of electing the President and Vice-President and 
 
70 
 
 CHAETER 
 
 reasonable 
 penilties ; 
 
 und alter 
 ]jye-laws, 
 
 Geaeral 
 Meeting to 
 be laekl 
 within six 
 calendar 
 montlis, and 
 an Annual 
 lileeting in 
 the mouth 
 of Mail, 
 and otlier 
 Cleneral 
 Meetings 
 &s required 
 and directed, 
 
 At General 
 Meetings the 
 President or 
 the Vice- 
 President, 
 or one of tlie 
 Council, or 
 one of the 
 Members, to 
 be chosen 
 Ohairman. 
 
 Charter to 
 be liberally 
 construed. 
 
 Other Members of the Council, and also the period of their con- 
 tinuance in office, and the manner and time in which any vacancy 
 in the office of President or Vice-President, or any vacancies in the 
 Council, by death, resignation, disquaUfication, or otherwise, shall 
 be supplied, and for regulating the times and places at which meet- 
 ing^ of the Council shall be held, and the manner of appointing or 
 admitting persons to be Members of the Society, and of removing 
 or expelling Members from the Society, and fixing the conditions 
 upon and the manner in which persons, being eligible to become 
 Members of the Society, but not resident in England, may be 
 admitted as subscribers to the Hall and Library and other rooms of 
 the Society, or any of them or any part thereof, and the conditions 
 upon and the manner in which Clerks serving under Articles, or who 
 have served their Articles to Members of the Society, may be ad- 
 mitted to the said Library, and for convening the ordinary or any 
 special Meetings of the Members, and generally for carrying the 
 objects for which the Society is founded into full and complete 
 effect, with reasonable penalties, fines, and amerciaments, to be 
 contained in such bye-laws, on the offenders, for non-performance 
 of, or for disobedience to the same ; and the said bye-laws, rules, 
 orders, and ordinances, penalties, fines, and amerciaments, or any of 
 them, from time to time to alter, change or annul, as the said General 
 Meeting shall think requisite, and to mitigate the same as they shall 
 find cause, so as all and singular such bye-laws, rules, orders, and 
 ordinances, penalties, fines, and amerciaments be reasonable, and not 
 repugnant or contrary to the Laws and Statutes of this our Eealm. 
 
 XIII. And our will and pleasure is that a General Meeting of the 
 Members of the Society shall be held within the space of six calendar 
 months after the date of these presents for the making and ordaining 
 bye-laws, rules, orders, and ordinances for the government of the 
 Society ; and that an Annual Meeting shall thereafter be held in 
 the month of May in every year, or as sooii thereafter as conve- 
 niently may be, for the election of the President, Vice-President, 
 and the Council, and for other purposes of the Society ; and that 
 other General Meetings may be held from time to time as occasion 
 shall require, and as the bye-laws shall direct. 
 
 XIV. And we will that, at all General Meetings, the President 
 of the Society, if he shall be present, and if not, then the Vice- 
 President, and in the absence of the President and Vice-President, 
 then some one of the Members of the Council, to be chosen by the 
 Council ; and in the absence of the President, Vice-President, and 
 all the Members of the Council, then some Member of the Society, 
 to be chosen at the Meeting, shall preside as chairman. 
 
 XV. And lastly, we do by these presents, for ns, oiu- heu-s and 
 successors, grant unto the said Corporation hereby established, and 
 their successors, that these our letters patent, or the enrolment or 
 exemplification thereof, shall be in and by all things good, firm, 
 valid, sufficient, and effectual in the law, according to the true 
 
CHAETEE 71 
 
 intent and meaning thereof, and shall be taken, construed, and 
 judged in the most favom-able and beneficial sense for the best 
 advantage of the said Corporation and their successors, as well in 
 all our Courts of Eecord as elsewhere, by all and singular Judges, 
 Justices, OfiBcers, Ministers, and other subjects whatsoever of us, 
 our heu-s and successors, any non -recital, mis-recital, or any other 
 omission, imperfection, defect, matter, cause, or thing whatsoever 
 to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding. In witness 
 •whereof, We have caused these our Letters to be made Patent. 
 
 Witness oiurself at our Palace at Westminster this Twenty-sixth 
 day of February, in the Eighth Year of our Beign. 
 
 By Writ of Privy Seal. 
 
 EDMUNDS. 
 
72 SUPPLEJIENTAL CHARTER 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL CHARTER 
 
 Nov. 26, Victoria, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great 
 11)72. Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, to all to whom 
 
 these presents shall come, greeting. "Whereas our Royal prede- 
 cessor King William the Fourth, late King of England, by his 
 Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland, 
 bearing date at Westminster the twenty- second day of December, 
 in the Second Year of his Eeign, did grant, constitute, declare, and 
 appoint that Thomas Adlington, Jonathan Brundrett, George Frere, 
 and William Tooke, and all such other persons being Attorneys, 
 Solicitors, or Proctors practising within the United Kingdom, or as 
 Writers to the Signet, or Writers in the Courts of Justice in Scot- 
 land, or being persons who had so practised, and should have 
 voluntarily retired from such practice, as then were or should 
 thereafter become qualified as thereinafter mentioned, should be 
 and be called one body politic and corporate in deed and in law, by 
 the name and style of ' The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proc- 
 tors, and others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of 
 Law and Equity of the United Kingdom,' and them by the name 
 of ' The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and others not 
 being Barristei-s, practising in the Courts of Law and Equity of the 
 United Kingdom,' did make, erect, order and constitute, establish, 
 confirm and declare to be one body politic and corporate in deed 
 and in law, for ever ; and did grant to the Society thereby incor- 
 porated divers powers, liberties, and privileges in the same Letters^ 
 Patent mentioned. And whereas the Society did by deed dated the 
 22nd day of February, in the Eighth Year of our Eeign, surrender 
 into our hands the Charter of Incorporation so granted to them by 
 our Eoyal Predecessor King William the Fourth, on the 22nd day 
 of December, in the Second Year of his Eeign ; And whereas we 
 did, by our Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain 
 and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the 26th day of February, 
 in the Eighth Year of our Eeign, grant, constitute, declare, and 
 appoint that Edward Foss and Michael Clayton, and the several 
 other persons who were Members of the Society at the time when 
 the Charter of Incorporation was surrendered into om- hands, and 
 all such other persons being Attorneys, Solicitors, or Proctors 
 practising within our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire- 
 land, or Writers to the Signet, or Writers in ovu^ Courts of Justice 
 in that part of our United Kingdom called Scotland, or being per- 
 sons who should have practised as Attorneys, Solicitors, or Proctors. 
 
SUPPLEMENTAL CHARTER 73 
 
 within our United Kingdom, or as Writers to the Signet, or Writers 
 in our Courts of Justice in Scotland, and should have voluntarily 
 retired from such practice (not being Barristers), as should from 
 time to time be elected Members of the Society in the manner 
 thereinafter directed, and their respective successors, should for 
 ever thereafter be and be called one body poUtic and corporate, in 
 deed and in law, by the name and style of ' The Society of Attor- 
 neys, Solicitors, Proctors, and others not being Barristers, prac- 
 tising in the Courts of Law and Equity of the United Kingdom,' 
 and them by the name and style of ' The Society of Attorneys, 
 Solicitors, Proctors, and others not being Barristers, practising in 
 the Courts of Law and Equity of the United Kingdom,' did make, 
 erect, ordain, and constitute, estabhsh, confirm, and declare to be 
 one body pohtic and corporate in deed and in law, for ever. And 
 did grant to the Society thereby incorporated divers powers, liber- 
 ties, and privileges in the same Letters Patent mentioned. And 
 we did thereby also grant and declare that for the better rule and 
 government of the Society, and for the better direction and manage- 
 ment of the concerns thereof, there should be a Council of the 
 Society to be elected from among such of the Members of the 
 Society as should be Attorneys, Sohcitors, or Proctors, practising 
 in England, and a President and Vice-President of the Society, to 
 be elected from the Council, and that such Council, including the 
 President and Vice-President, should consist of not more than 
 thirty nor less than twenty Members, and that the Council should 
 have the powers therein mentioned (exercisable by a quorum of 
 five). And we did thereby further grant and declare that at any 
 General Meeting it should be lawful for the Members, or such of 
 them as should be then present, to ordain and make such and so 
 many bye-laws, rules, orders, and ordinances, as to them, or the 
 major part of them, should seem necessary, convenient, and proper 
 for (among other objects therein mentioned) fixing and determining 
 the numbers of which the Council should consist, and the manner 
 of electing the President and Vice-President, and other Members 
 of the Council, and also the Period of their continuance in office, 
 and the manner and time in which any vacancy in the office of 
 President or Vice-President, or any vacancies in the Council by 
 death, resignation, disqualification, or otherwise, should be supplied. 
 And whereas it has been represented to us that the number of 
 Members of the Society has greatly increased since the date of the 
 last-recited Charter, and that a much larger amoirnt of business 
 than heretofore has devolved on the Council of the Society, and 
 that it would be expedient that power should be conferred upon the- 
 Society to increase the number of the Members of the Coimcil, and 
 that it would be also expedient and would extend the usefulness of 
 the Society if power were conferred on the Council to nominate a 
 limited number of Presidents of other Law Societies, established in 
 the United Kingdom for like purposes, to represent such other 
 
74 
 
 SUPPLEMENTAL CHAETEE 
 
 Council not 
 to exceed 
 fifty iu 
 unmber. 
 
 Societies on the Council as Extraordinary Members thereof: And 
 the said Society have by their Petition hiunbly besought us to 
 grant to them our Boyal Charter for carrying into effect the above- 
 mentioned objects in manner hereinafter appearing : 
 
 Now therefore know ye, that we, taking the premises into our 
 Eoyal consideration, and out of an earnest desire to promote the 
 public good and to facilitate the performance of the duties of the 
 said Society, do of oiu: special grace for ourselves, our heu's, and 
 successors, give and grant unto oui trusty and weU-beloved sub- 
 jects, the ' Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and others not 
 being Barristers, practising in the Courts of Law and Equity of the 
 United Kingdom,' that for the better rule and government of the 
 Society, and for the better management and direction of the con- 
 cerns thereof, the Council of the said Society, including the Presi- 
 dent and Vice-President, shall consist of not more than fifty, nor 
 less than twenty Members, exclusive of Extraordinary Members of 
 CouncU, to be elected as after mentioned. And we do further 
 grant that, in addition to the ordinary Members of Council, any 
 Member of the said Incoi-porated Society holding at the time of 
 his appointment or election the ofi&ce of President of any other 
 Law Society, established at any place in the United Kingdom 
 (except the Metropolis) for like or kindred purposes, shall be eligible 
 to be appointed or elected by the Council an Extraordinary Mem- 
 ber of Council, with the same powers and duties during his term of 
 office as such Extraordinary Member as by the last-recited Charter 
 are given to an ordinary Member of Council, except that an Extra- 
 ordinary Member of Council shall not be eligible for President or 
 Extra- Vice-President of the Society ; but the number of Extraordinary 
 
 °;di™i'^5' Members of CouncU holding office at one time shall not exceed 
 toexoSd ten ^^^i ^^'^ Extraordinary Members are to be elected at the first 
 iu mimber. Meeting of the Council after the First of October in any year, and 
 to hold office, unless vacated by death or resignation, until the 
 Meeting of the Council next after the First of October in the year 
 following. And we will and declare that the powers given to a 
 General Meeting by the said last recited Charter of making and 
 ordaining bye-laws, rules, orders, and ordinances, for fixing and 
 determining the number of Members of which the Council shall 
 consist, and the manner of electing Members of the Council, and 
 also the period and time of their continuing in office, and the 
 manner and time of supplying vacancies, shall continue applicable 
 to the ordinary Members of Council, regard bemg had to the 
 enlargement iu the mmiber of ordinary Blembers of Council 
 hereby authorised. 
 
 In Witness whereof we have caused these our Letters to be 
 made Patent. 
 
 Witness ourself at our Palace at Westminster, this Twenty- 
 sixth day of November, in the Thirty-sixth Year of our Pieigu. 
 By Her Majesty's command. 
 
 CAEDEW. 
 
75 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF IHE SOCIETY 
 
 I.— INTEKPKETATION. 
 
 1, 'hi i\m Sije-f afos : 
 
 'The Society' means 'the Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, intevpie- 
 Proctors, and others not being Barristers, practising in t"*'"" "* 
 the Courts of Law and Equity of the United Kingdom,' 
 incorporated and regulated by Eoyal Charter, dated the 
 26th day of February, 1845, and by a supplemental Chatter 
 dated the 26th day of November, 1872. 
 
 'The Charter' includes the said Boyal Charter and supple- 
 mental Charter. 
 
 ' The Council ' means the Comicil of the Society. 
 
 * Member ' means a member of the Society. 
 
 '-The Secretary' means the Secretary of the Society, and 
 inchides any deputy or person temporarily fulfilling the 
 duties of the office. 
 
 ' Begulations ' means regulations made by the Cou.ncil. 
 
 ' Month ' means calendar month. 
 
 II.— MEMBEES. 
 
 2. (i.) A candidate for election as a member of the Society must ^^po^ai 
 possess one of the qualifications required by the Charter, and must dates 
 be proposed by a member of the Society. 
 
 (ii.) The proposal must be by writing addressed to the 
 Secretary in the form prescribed by regulations, and must be signed 
 by the proposer and by the candidate, who shall thereby undertake, 
 if elected, to conform to the Charter, bye-laws and regulations of 
 the Society. 
 
 3.- (i.) Candidates shall, in accordance with the Charter, be Mode of 
 elected by the Council, and the election shall be by ballot. eleotioa. 
 
 (ii.) A candidate may be balloted for, as soon as conveniently 
 may be, after the receipt of the proposal ; and shall be elected 
 unless there shall be black balls in the proportion of one out of five 
 balls. 
 
 4. (i.) A candidate elected shall be admitted a member on Admission 
 
 ^ as member. 
 
76 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 Annual Sub- 
 scription. 
 
 Provision 
 in default of 
 payment. 
 
 Resignation 
 of members. 
 
 Roll-book of 
 names, &c., 
 of members. 
 
 Roll-book of 
 members to 
 be evidence. 
 
 Service of 
 notices. 
 
 Suspension 
 of members. 
 
 payment of such annual subscription or proportion thereof as may, 
 from time to time, be fixed by the Council. 
 
 (ii.) Until admittted, a candidate elected shall not be entitled 
 to exercise any of the rights or privileges of a member. 
 
 5. (i.) The amount of the annual subscription payable by mem- 
 bers, and the time of payment, shall, from time to time, be fixed 
 by the Council. 
 
 (ii.) In fixing the amount of the annual subscription the 
 Council shall be at liberty to divide members into classes, and to 
 provide that different amounts shall be payable by different classes 
 and extend over different periods ; and generally to regulate, and 
 from time to time to vary, the subscriptions payable by members, 
 or by different classes of members, as the Council may think fit. 
 
 6. If any member fails to pay his annual subscription within , 
 three months after it has become due, the Secretary shall by letter 
 draw his attention to the fact ; and if the subscription in arrear is 
 not paid within seven days from the date of such letter or within 
 such further time as the Council may gi-ant, such member may, by 
 a resolution of the Council, be excluded from the Society, and shall 
 thereupon cease to be a member. 
 
 7. A member may retire from the Society by sending in his 
 resignation in writing to the Council. 
 
 8. (i.) The name and place of business of every member shall 
 be entered in a book to be kept by the Secretary for that purpose, 
 to be called the KoU-Book of Slembers. The residence of a mem- 
 ber who has ceased to take out his certificate shall be deemed his 
 place of business. 
 
 (ii.) Any member who shall at any time change his place of 
 business shall immediately give notice thereof in writing to the 
 Secretary. 
 
 9 The RoU-Book of Members shall, for all the purposes of the 
 Society, be deemed to contain a correct list of the members and of 
 their respective places of business. 
 
 10. Every letter or notice relating to any matter concerning the 
 Society, which shall be sent by the Secretary, or by the Council, 
 to a member by the post, addressed to him by his name and place 
 of business as entered in the Koll-Book, shall be deemed to have 
 been properly sent, and he shall be deemed to have sufBcient notice 
 of the contents of such letter or notice. 
 
 11. The Council may suspend any member from using the Hall 
 or Library or any of the rooms belonging to the Society, and from . 
 the exercise of all other rights and privileges of a member during 
 such period as they may think fit, not extending beyond the next 
 general meeting, for any cause which shall, in their opinion, render 
 such suspension necessary or expedient : Provided that at least 
 sixteen members of the Council must be present at the meeting at 
 which the suspension shall be resolved on, and twelve at least of 
 the members present must consent thereto. 
 
BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 77 
 
 12. (i.) If it shall appear to the Council, or shall be represented Expulsion 
 to the Council by a requisition in writing signed by three or more f" mis- 
 members, that there is reason to believe that any member has been "'"^ '"' " 
 guilty of conduct which, in the absence of satisfactory explanation, 
 would render him unfit to remain a member, the Council shall 
 
 send to such member a statement in writing of the conduct im- 
 puted to him, and shall afford him an opportunity of giving an 
 explanation in writing or in person as he may elect. 
 
 (ii.) If, on the consideration of such explanation, or in the 
 absence of any explanation, the Council shall be of opinion that such 
 member ought to be expelled from the Society, they shall state 
 their opinion in the form of a report to be laid before a general 
 meeting of the Society, and such member shall be Uable, by reso- 
 lution of such meeting, to be excluded from the Society, and if 
 such resolution be passed, he shall cease to be a member thereof. 
 
 III.— GENERAL MEETINGS. 
 (i.) Annual General Meeting. 
 
 13. The annual general meeting shall always be held in London, Place of 
 on a date to be fixed by the Council. annuiii 
 
 14. (i.) Notice of every annual general meeting shaU be affixed meeting. 
 in the Hall of the Society, and sent thirty-five clear days before Notice of 
 the day for holding the same to the Secretaries of the Provincial annual 
 Law Societies who have registered their names with the Secretary ^^ t"' 
 of the Society for the information of such of their Members as are 
 Members of the Society, and be published in such of the legal news- 
 papers as may from tinae to time be named by the Council, and such 
 notice shall state the names of the Members of the Council retiring 
 
 by rotation, and which of them, so far as known, will be nominated 
 for re-election, and shall also state what other vacancies (if any) 
 «xist. 
 
 (ii.) Notice of every annual general meeting shall also be sent to 
 «ach member, by the Secretary, at least fourteen clear days before 
 the day for holding the same ; and such second notice shall specify 
 the candidates nominated to fill the vacancies in the Council, and 
 in the offices of President, Vice-President, and Auditors, and also 
 the names and addresses of those by whom they are nominated, not 
 heing less than two nor more than ten in number. 
 
 15. The business of an annual general meeting shall be the Business of 
 alection of President, Vice-President, and Members of Council as ''^^^^\ 
 directed by the Charter, and also the election of Auditors ; the meeting. 
 reception of the accounts submitted by the Auditors for approval, 
 
 the reception of the Annual Eeport of the Council, and the disposal 
 of business introduced by the Council, and of any other matter 
 which may consistently with the Charter and bye-laws be intro- 
 duced at such meeting. 
 
78 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 Notice of 
 motions. 
 
 16. Notice in -writing must be given to the Secretary, at least 
 twenty-one clear days before the day for holding any annual 
 .general meeting, of any motion to be moved at such meeting. 
 Order of 17. The order of proceedings at an annual general meeting shaU 
 
 proceedings ^^ ^S foUoWS :— 
 
 at annual 
 
 general 
 
 meeting. 
 
 Council may 
 call special 
 general 
 meetings. 
 
 (i.) The Chair shall be taken as directed by Bye-law 27. 
 
 (ii.) The minutes of the preceding annual general meeting and 
 of all intermediate special general meetings shall be read. 
 
 (iii.) The Chairman shaU submit the names of the candidates 
 duly nominated for the offices of President and Vice-Presi- 
 dent for the ensuing year ; and the election of a President 
 and Vice-President shall take place subject to the pro- 
 visions hereinafter contained for a poU by voting papers, if 
 necessary. 
 
 (iv.) The Chairman shall submit the names of the candidates 
 duly nominated to fill the vacancies in the Council and in 
 the office of Auditor, and the election of persons to fill sucli 
 vacancies shaU take place, subject to the provisions herein- 
 after contained for a poU by voting papers if necessary. 
 
 (v.) The accounts signed by the Auditors shall be submitted to 
 the meeting. 
 
 (vi.) The Annual Report of the Council shall be submitted to 
 the meeting. 
 
 (vii.) Any business introduced by the Council shall then be 
 submitted to the meeting. 
 
 (viii.) Any other business which may consistently with the 
 Charter and Bye-laws be entertained shall be submitted to 
 the meeting. 
 
 (ix.) The Chairman may vary the order of the proceedings. 
 
 (x.) In case the meeting shall be adjourned for any other 
 purpose than that of election to fill any vacancies, the 
 business to be transacted at the adjom-ned meeting shall 
 be specified previous to the adjournment taking place, and 
 shall be entered on the minutes, and no business shall be 
 transacted at such adjourned meeting which shall not have 
 been so specified and entered. 
 
 (ii.) Special General Meetings. 
 
 18. (i.) A special general meeting of the memoers may at any 
 time be called by the Coimcil. 
 
 (ii.) Notice of every such meeting shall (except in ease of 
 urgency, when it may be dispensed with) be put up in the Hall 
 of the Society thirty-five clear days before the day for holding the 
 same, 
 
 (iii.) Notice in writing must be given to the Secretary, at 
 least twenty-one clear days before the day for holding any such 
 meeting, of any motion to be moved at such meeting. 
 
BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 79 
 
 19. Twenty or more members may at any time, by writing Twenty 
 imder their hands, require the Council to call a special general ™^'"'"='^^ . 
 meeting for any object connected with the Society. ^Miaf""" 
 
 20. Every requisition to the Council for calling a special general g™<:i;ai 
 meeting shaU be sent to the Secretary, and shall express the object p^*™ j', 
 for which such meeting is to be called ; and it shall be incumbent of requisi- 
 on the Council to call a meeting in pursuance thereof, to be holden tion. 
 not later than twenty-eight clear days from the receipt of such 
 requisition. 
 
 21. If the Cotmcil shall not call such special general meeting, Ten mcm- 
 any ten of the members who signed the requisition may send to the b^re ni.iy 
 Secretary a notice specifying a day and time for holding such ifComcTi"^ 
 meeting, not being earlier than fourteen days from the time of the refuse. 
 receipt of such notice, and it shall be the duty of the Secretary to 
 
 call such meeting accordingly. 
 
 22. Notice of every special general meeting, specifying the Kotice of 
 object of it and on whose requisition it is called, shall be affixed in special 
 the Hall of the Society, and also sent to each member by the meetiug. 
 Secretary seven clear days at least before the day for holding the 
 meeting. 
 
 23. No business shall be transacted at a special general meeting Limitation 
 other than business of which notice has been given. of business 
 
 24. At special general meetings the order of the proceedings meeting!' 
 shall, so far as applicable, be the same as at annual general order of 
 
 meetings. proceediuj-3 
 
 at special 
 
 (iii.) Provisions common to all General Meetings. meetings. 
 
 25. All general meetings shall be held in the Hall of the Society, Place of 
 or such other place in London or elsewhere as the CouncU shall 8«"erai^^ 
 appoint, but the annual general meeting shall not be held out of ™™ "'"^' 
 London. 
 
 86. (i.) To constitute a general meeting there must be at least Quorum. 
 twenty members present. 
 
 (ii.) In case, within half an hour after the time appointed 
 for a general meeting, twenty members are not present, the meeting, 
 if called on requisition, fails, and shall not be held ; but if not so 
 called, the meeting shall be adjourned to a day and hour to be fixed 
 by a majority of the members present, and if within half an hour 
 after the hour so fixed twenty members are not present, then the 
 meeting fails and shall not be held. 
 
 27. At all general meetings the President of the Society, if he Chairman. 
 shall be present, and if not, then the Vice-President, and in the 
 absence of the President and Vice-President, then some one of the 
 members of the CouncU, to be chosen by the Council, and in the 
 absence of the President, Vice-President, and all the members of 
 the Council, then some member of the Society, to be chosen at the 
 meeting, shall preside as Chairman, in accordance with the 
 provisions of the Charter. 
 
80 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 Adjourn- 
 ment. 
 
 Deeision of 
 questions at 
 general 
 meeting. 
 
 l^"otice of 
 motion as 
 to altera- 
 tion of 
 bye-laws. 
 
 Confirma- 
 tion requi- 
 site in 
 certain 
 «ase&. 
 
 Power 
 to adopt 
 notice of 
 motion. 
 
 Rules of 
 debate. 
 
 28. (i.) Every general meeting shall have power to adjourn to a 
 future day. 
 
 (ii.) Whenever a general meeting shall, in consequence of 
 the non-attendance of a sufficient number of members, or by the 
 resolution of the members present, be adjourned to a future day, 
 notice thereof shall be sent to every member. 
 
 29. Except where otherwise provided by these bye-laws, all 
 questions shall be decided by a majority of the members personally 
 present and voting, and in all cases, including the case of a con- 
 tested election, the Chairman shall in the event of an equality of 
 votes, have a second or casting vote. 
 
 30. Notice of any motion for the repeal or alteration of any 
 bye-law, or the enactment of any new bye-law, whether originating 
 with the Cotmcil or otherwise, shall be afi&xed in the Hall of the 
 Society and sent to each member at least seven clear days before 
 the day of meeting ; and if it shall be necessary to confirm such 
 repeal or alteration, or such new bye-law, notice thereof shall be 
 affixed in the Hall of the Society, and sent to each member. 
 
 31. If the repeal or alteration of any bye-law, or the enactment 
 of any new bye-law, shall be proposed by the Council, such repeal 
 or alteration, or such new bye-law, if carried at the meeting at 
 which it shall have been proposed, shall be binding without con- 
 firmation ; if proposed by an individual member of the Society, 
 the same shall not be binding unless it shall be adopted by the 
 Council, or confirmed at the next general meeting. 
 
 32. Whenever a notice of motion has been given by a member, 
 and included in the notice convening a general meeting, if the 
 member who gave the notice is not present and has not withdrawn 
 it, any member then present may, if authorised in writing by the 
 person who gave the notice, adopt it as his own, and move as if 
 the notice of motion had been given by him. 
 
 33. The following Eules of Debate shall be observed at all 
 general meetings : — 
 
 (i.) In case debate shall arise on any subject, no member shall 
 be permitted to speak more than once on the same ques- 
 tion except that the mover of any resolution shall be 
 allowed to speak in reply, after which the debate shall be 
 closed. 
 
 (ii.) The mover of an original motion shall not, against the 
 evident sense of the meeting as expressed by the Chairman, 
 speak for more than fifteen minutes ; no other speaker 
 shall nor shall the mover in reply, as against such evident 
 sense expressed as aforesaid, speak for more than ten 
 minutes. 
 
 (iii.) Any member desiring to move the previous question, or 
 that the question be not put, shall do so by moving that 
 the meeting do proceed to the next business. 
 
BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 81 
 
 (iv.) The mover of a motion for the adjoiirnment either of the 
 meeting or of the debate, or that the question be now put, 
 or that the meeting do proceed to the next business, may 
 speak for not more than five minutes, and any such 
 motion shall be seconded without a speech. One member 
 (the mover of the motion or amendment under discussion 
 to have the preference) may speak for five minutes in 
 opposition to any such motion, wliich shall then be put by 
 the Chairman without debate. 
 
 (v.) A member who has spoken may, by permission of the 
 Chairman, be again heard in explanation ; but he shall 
 not introduce new matter, or interrupt a member who is 
 speaking. 
 
 (vi.) "Whenever an amendment on an original motion has been 
 moved and seconded, no second or subsequent amendment 
 shall be moved untU the first amendment shall have been 
 disposed of. If an amendment be carried, the motion as 
 amended shall take the place of the original motion, and 
 shall become the question on which any further amendment 
 may be moved. 
 
 (vii.) No member shall move more than one amendment on 
 any motion. 
 
 (viii.) The Chairman may call the attention of the meeting 
 to continued irrelevance, tedious repetition, unbecoming 
 language, or any breach of order on the part of a member, 
 and may direct such member to discontinue his speech. 
 
 34. No resolution shall be binding on the Society until it has Adoption 
 been adopted by the CouncU, or has been confirmed at the. .next ''? ^°™'^'^ 
 general meeting, and it shall be the duty of the Council, if they do tions. 
 not adopt the resolution, to bring the same before the next general 
 meeting accordingly. Provided that this bye-law shall not apply 
 
 to the case of repeal or alteration of a bye-law or the enactment of 
 
 a new bye-law or resolution proposed by the Council and carried at . 
 
 the meeting at which it shall have been proposed. 
 
 35. It shaU not be competent for the Chairman of a general Rc-Miiction 
 meeting, without the express sanction of the Council, to allow any ^^ ''' 
 discussion to take place on any matter, or to put to the meeting any "^yjousiy 
 resolution thereon, if it appears to him that the question raised on (UFcussed. 
 such discussion or resolution has in substance been decided at any 
 general meeting held within the twelve months immediately *" ~. 
 preceding. ' .,i 
 
 36. In all cases of dispute, doubt, or difficulty respecting or Dscition of 
 arising out of matters of procedure or order, the decision of the ^^^'^'^ 
 Chairman shall be final and conclusive. 
 
 37. Minutes of the proceedings of every general meeting shall be Mloutes 
 kept in a book to be provided for that purpose, arid; signed by the fifif" °'^" 
 Chairman at the nest succeeding annual general meeting. -'"' 
 
8-. 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 Irregntari- 
 ties. 
 
 38. In case any irregularity sliall occur in tlie convening or 
 holding of any general meeting, or in any election or other proceed- 
 ings taking place at any such meeting, and the same shall not be 
 j>nblicly noticed and objected to at such meeting, all proceedings of 
 such meetings shall be of the same force and validity as if no such 
 irregularity had occurred; but if any irregularity shall be publicly 
 noticed -and objected to, the meeting shall decide thereon, and such 
 decision shall be final and conclusive. 
 
 Kiitri'ic-r of 
 members. 
 
 Rotation of 
 
 Rcslguation 
 of office. 
 
 Disqas'i- 
 fication for 
 oCQce. 
 
 vacancies, 
 
 Nomlr-a- 
 tion of 
 members. 
 
 IV.— THE COUNCIL. 
 
 39. The Couucil, exclusive of the extraordmary members of the 
 Council, to be elected under the Supplemental Charter of the Society 
 as hereinafter mentioned, shall consist of forty members, who shall 
 be competent to act until reduced by any means below the number 
 of twenty. 
 
 40. On the day of the annual general meeting in each year, the 
 ten members of the Council who have been longest in office shall go 
 out of office, and their places shall be filled by election, and any 
 case of doubt or difficulty arising as between members who have 
 been in office for the same length of time shall be decided by agree- 
 ment among those members, or in default of agreement, then by 
 lot. A retiring member is eligible for re-election. The outgoing 
 members of the Council shall be considered as in office not only 
 until the meeting shall break up or adjoiu'n, but until others shall 
 be respectively elected in their place. 
 
 41. Any member of the Council desirous of vacating his office 
 may send in his resignation in writing to the Council, and on the 
 acceptance of such resignation by the Council his office shall 
 become vacant, and not before. 
 
 4?. The office of a member of the Council is vacated by disquali- 
 fication if a competent Court declares that he has committed an 
 act of bankruptcy, or if he becomes of unsound mind, or if he 
 abstains, without leave, from attending the meetings of the Council 
 for a period of six months consecutively ; and a resolution of the 
 Council declaring him disquaUfied as aforesaid shall be conclusive 
 as to the fact and grounds of disquaUfication stated in the resolution. 
 
 43. A casual vacancy among the members of the Council, arising 
 by death, resignation, disqualification or otherwise, shall be fiUed 
 by election at the next annual general meeting. 
 
 44. At any time after the last annual general meeting, and not 
 less than twenty-one clear days before the day fixed for the next 
 annual general meeting, any members, not being less than two nor 
 more than ten, may give to the Secretary a notice or notices in 
 writing, signed by them, nominating any qualified member or 
 members as a member or members of the Council, and specifying 
 the name and address of the candidate or candidates, and such 
 noiice or notices, or the purport thereof, shall, fourteen clear days 
 
BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 83 
 
 before the date of the annual general meeting, be affixed by the 
 Secretary in the Hall of the Society, and sent to the members. 
 
 45. (i.) The Chairman of the annual general meeting shall state iiode of 
 the names of the candidates duly nominated to fill the vacancies «'™"^"- 
 announced, and if the candidates nominated are not more in number 
 
 than the vacancies, the persons so nominated shall be deemed and 
 declared to be elected. 
 
 (ii.) If the candidates nominated are more in number than 
 the vacancies, any of the candidates in excess of the number to be 
 elected may withdraw or may be withdrawn by the nominators, 
 ■n-ith the consent of the meeting ; but if all the candidates in excess 
 of the number to be elected are not so withdrawn, the election shall 
 be conducted by voting papers as hereinafter provided. 
 
 (iii.) If an election by voting papers be necessary, the Chair- 
 man shall forthwith appoint five scrutineers fi.-om among the 
 members other than the candidates, to receive and examine the 
 voting papers, and to certify the result of the election. Three 
 scrutineers shall be a quorum, and the death of one or more of the 
 scrutineers shall not affect the election. If by death, or refusal, or 
 incapacity to act, the number of scrutineers be reduced below three, 
 a member to supply each vacancy shall forthwith be nominated by 
 the President or Vice-President for the time being. 
 
 (iv.) The Chairman shall then fix a day, to which the meeting 
 shall, at the conclusion of the other business, stand adjourned for 
 the pm-pose of receiving the scrutineers' report. 
 
 46. If an election by voting papers is necessary, the proceedings Poll by vot- 
 shaU be as follows :— '"s parci-.. 
 
 (i.) The Secretary shall with all convenient speed forward a 
 voting paper to every member. The voting paper shall 
 be in such form as the Council shall direct, and shall 
 contain the following particulars : — 
 
 (a) The names in alphabetical order and addresses of the 
 candidates nominated, and the names and addresses of 
 their respective nominators, the names of retiring mem- 
 bei's of the Council being shown by a distinctive mark. 
 
 (6) The number and nature of the vacancy or vacancies to 
 be filled up. 
 
 (c) The day on or previous to which the voting paper must 
 be returned. 
 
 (fZ) A notice that the names of the candidates for whom the 
 member does not intend to vote must be struck out in 
 ink prior to the signature of the voting paper, and that if 
 the voting paper be returned unsigned, or incomplete, or 
 after the prescribed date, or with more names left uncan- 
 celled than there are vacancies to fill up, it will be void. 
 
 (e) A printed certificate at the foot, to be signed by the 
 member, to the effect that the names struck out were 
 struck out prior to his signing the voting paper. 
 
 g2 
 
81 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 Extraordi- 
 iiai-y mem- 
 bers of 
 C'onucil. 
 
 Suspension 
 of jnembei-3 
 of Council. 
 
 General 
 meeting on 
 suspension 
 of member 
 of Council. 
 
 Power to 
 make regu- 
 lations. 
 
 (/) The printed name and address of the Secretary for the 
 return of the voting paper, 
 (ii.) The voting papers, duly sealed or otherwise fastened up, 
 shall be delivered or returned by post prepaid to the Secre- 
 tary four clear days before that fixed for the adjourned 
 meeting, and the Secretary shall place them unopened in 
 a box, and so deliver them to the scrutineers, by whom 
 alone they shall be opened and examined. As soon as 
 the voting papers have been examined and the result of 
 the election ascertained, the voting papers shall be closed 
 up imder the seals of the scrutineers, or any three of 
 them, and shall be retained by them for one month after 
 the election, when they shall be destroyed by the scrutineers, 
 (iii.) Tlie report of the scrutineers shall be signed by them, 
 and shall contain the following particulars : — 
 (a) The total number of voting papers received. 
 (6) The number (if any) rejected, and the grounds of 
 
 rejection. 
 ((■) The total number of votes in favour of each candidate. 
 (<?) The names of those who are duly elected, 
 (iv.) The report shall be read to the meeting by one of the 
 scrutineers, and shall be conclusive as to the fact of 
 election, notwithstanding any irregularity or informality. 
 
 47. At the first meeting of the Council after the 1st of Octobei- 
 in any j'ear, the Council may elect as an extraordinary member of 
 the Council any member of the Society who at the time of his 
 election shall hold the office of President of any other Law Society 
 established in any place in the "United Kingdom, except the Metro- 
 polis, but the number of extraordinary members of the Council 
 holding office at one time shall not exceed ten. 
 
 48. The Council may, if they shall see occasion so to do, suspend 
 any member of their body from acting in his office, provided six- 
 teen members of the Council at least are present at the meeting at 
 which siispension shall be resolved upon, and twelve at least of the 
 members present consent thereto. 
 
 49. Whenever the CounoU shall have suspended any of their 
 body from acting, they shall immediately convene a special general 
 meeting of the members of the Society, to be held within twenty- 
 eight clear days next thereafter ; which meetmg shall have full 
 power to remove from office the member so suspended, if they shaU 
 think it expedient so to do, or otherwise to act under the circum- 
 stances as they shall think fit. 
 
 50. The Council may make, vary, and rescind regulations for 
 their meetings and proceedings, and for the appointment of com- 
 mittees, and generally for the management of the affairs of the 
 Society, subject always to the provisions of the Charter and to the 
 bye-laws for the time being in force. 
 
BYE-LAWS OF THK SOCIETY 85 
 
 51. Minutes of the proceedings of every meeting of the Council Minutes of 
 shall be taken by the Secretary, or, in case of his absence, by some proceedings. 
 other person appointed by the Chairman, -which minutes shall 
 afterwards be copied fairly into a minute-book, to be kept for that 
 purpose, and signed by the Chairman of that or the next succeeding 
 meeting. 
 
 52. A list of the Council, showing how many times each mem- Attena- 
 berhas attended at meetings of the Council and at committees ™embeL 
 during the past year, shall be open for inspection by the members. 
 
 (iv.) Common Seal. 
 
 53. The Council shall have the custody of the common seal of Common 
 the Society, and the same shall not be affixed to any instrument ^""■^ 
 until such instrument shall have been read at a meeting of the 
 Council and approved by a formal resolution of the Coimcil ; and a 
 
 copy of every instrument to which the common seal has been 
 aflSxed shall be entered in a book to be kept for that purpose. 
 
 v.— PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. 
 
 54. The President and Vice-President shall be elected from the Members of 
 members of the Council at the annual general meeting in each Council 
 year, and shall continue in office till the close of the next annual '^''S^''^'^- 
 general meeting ; or if from any cause their successors shall not be 
 elected at such meeting, then till the election of their successors. 
 
 55. At any time after the last annual general meeting and not Nomination, 
 less than twenty-one clear days before the day fixed for the next 
 annual general meeting, any two members may give to the Secre- 
 tary a notice or notices in writing, signed by them, nominating any 
 qualified member of the Council for the office of President or of 
 Vice-President, and specifying the name and address of the candi- 
 date or candidates, and such notice or notices, or the purport 
 thereof, shall, fourteen clear days before the date of the annual 
 general meeting, be affixed by the Secretary in the Hall of the 
 Society, and sent to the members. 
 
 56. The mode of election of President and Vice-President, and Mode of 
 
 of taking a poll, if necessary, shall be the same as in the case of election ana 
 the election of members of the Council, and the provisions in that '" 
 behalf hereinbefore contained shall apply accordingly. 
 
 67. In the event of a casual vacancy occurring in the office of Casual 
 President or Vice-President, the Council shall elect one of their ™cancy. 
 members to serve till the next aim.ual general meeting, or the 
 appointment of his successor. 
 
 VI.— ACCOUNTS AND AUDIT. 
 
 58. The Council shall cause proper accounts to be kept of the Aocounts to 
 income and expenditure of the Society, and of the property, assets, ^^ ''"pt. 
 and liabilities of the Society. 
 
86 
 
 BYE-LAWS OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 Xumber and 
 qualification 
 of auditors. 
 
 Nomination. 
 
 ^foile of 
 
 (I'M^tiOll 
 
 anil poll. 
 
 Tlesigua- 
 tion and 
 removal. 
 Casual 
 vacancy. 
 
 AnnuaJ 
 aurlit 
 
 Submission 
 of audited 
 accounts to 
 annual 
 general 
 meeting. 
 
 59. (i.) There shall be three Auditors, two of whom shall be 
 members, and one of whom shall be a public accountant and not a, 
 member, and all of whom shall be elected annually at the annual 
 general meeting. 
 
 (ii.) TheoutgomgAuditors shall be deemed to continue in office 
 till the close of the amiual general meeting, or if from any cause 
 their successors shall not be elected at such meeting, then till the 
 election of their successors. 
 
 (iii.) An outgoing Auditor is re-eligible. 
 
 60. Each Auditor must be nominated by a notice in writing 
 signed by two members and by the candidate, and sent to the 
 Secretary at any time after the last annual general meeting, and 
 not less than twenty-one days before the day fixed for the next 
 annual general meeting, and specifying the name and address of 
 the candidate or candidates ; and every such notice or the pm^ort 
 thereof shall, fourteen days before the date of the annual general 
 meeting, be affixed in the Hall of the Society and sent to the 
 Members. 
 
 61. The mode of election of Auditors, and of taking a poll (if 
 necessary), shall be the same as in the case of the election of mem- 
 bers of the Council ; and the provisions in that behalf hereinbefore 
 contained shall apply accordingly to the election of Auditors. 
 
 62. An Auditor may at any time vacate his office by sending in 
 his resignation in writing to the Council. 
 
 63. If any vacancy shall occur in the office of Auditor from 
 death or resignation, or from any cause other than that of going 
 out of office on the day of the annual general meeting, such vacancy 
 shall be fiUed by the Council appointing an Auditor qualified as 
 the vacating Auditor was qualified. 
 
 64. (i.) The accounts of the income and expenditure of the 
 Society for the year ending on the 31st day of December imme- 
 diately preceding, shall, in each year, be delivered, together with 
 the account of the property assets and liabihties of the Society to 
 the Auditors to be examined, audited, and signed by them. 
 
 (ii.) The accomits so signed shall be printed and issued to 
 the members, together with the notice convening the amiual general 
 meeting. 
 
 65. The accounts so signed shall be open for inspection at the 
 Secretary's office, and shall be submitted to the amiual general 
 meeting for approval ; and after approval shall be signed by the 
 Chairman in testimony of such approval, and, having been so 
 signed, shall be bindmg and conclusive on all the members of the 
 Society, and shall not, on any pretence whatever, be afterwards- 
 opened, unless some manifest error to the amount of fifty pounds 
 or upwards shall be discovered therein, and specified in WTiting to 
 the Secretary, within one month after such approval ; in which 
 case the account shall be opened so far only as may be necessary 
 to rectify that error. 
 
BYE-LAWS or THE SOCIETY 87 
 
 VII.— OFFICEES. 
 
 66. The Council may appoint and remove a Secretary, Librai-iau, rower 
 and such clerks, officers, and servants as they may from time to omceS!'"^ 
 time think fit. 
 
 67. The Council shaU pay to the Secretary and Librarian, and Salaiios oi 
 other officers and servants of the Society, such salaries, wages, or °®'="'- 
 remuneration as they shall from time to time think proper. 
 
 68. The Council may permit the Secretary and other officers nosideucc or 
 and servants to reside in the bxiildings belonging to the Society, "ffii^cE. 
 and may appropriate such of the apartments as they shall think fit 
 
 for their use. 
 
 VIII.— USE OP HALL, LIBEAKY, &c. 
 
 69. The Hall of the Society shall be used for the resort of the uso of Haii . 
 members, subject to regulations, and for holding general meetings 
 
 of the Society, and for any other purpose which the Council shall 
 think likely to promote the views and objects, or to be conducive to 
 the benefit of the Society. 
 
 70. The Council may from time to time make regulations pre- jiau, 
 scribing the times of opening and closing the Hall and Library and Libimy, &c. 
 other parts of the building, and for maiutaining order and decorum 
 therein, and for admitting to the Library clerks serving under 
 articles or who have served their articles to members of the Society. 
 
 71. The Council may from time to time permit such persons as Aamission 
 they shall think proper to have the use of the Hall and Library and t"^'^' """^ 
 other rooms of the Society ; and shall regulate the terms and con- 
 ditions on which such persons shall be admitted, and the privileges 
 
 to which they shall be entitled. 
 
 72. The Council may appropriate such parts of the Society's Club rooms. 
 buildings as they shall think fit as club -rooms, and may make 
 regulations for the use thereof. 
 
 73. The Coimcil may let any of the rooms in the Society's rower to 
 buUdings on such terms and for such purposes as they shall think '<=' rooms. 
 proper. 
 
88 GENERAL REGULATIONS 
 
 GENERAL REGULATIONS 
 
 The references indicate the several Bj-e-laws under the authority of wliich 
 the Regulations hare been made. See also Charter, sec. 11. 
 
 SUBSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 Siibsoriptioii 1. The subscriijtion to the Society for the year ending the 31st 
 of members. ^^^, ^j December shall be :— 
 
 For members takmg out town certificates who have been 
 admitted for three years and upwards, 2Z. 2s. 
 
 For members taking out country certificates who have been 
 admitted for three years and upwards, XI. Is. 
 
 For members taking out country certificates who have been 
 I T TiTv admitted for three years and upwards, and who are members 
 l^EPEALED °^ ^^^ Provincial Law Society of the district in which they 
 practise, while they continue such members, 10s. dd. 
 
 For members who have been admitted less than three years, 
 one-half the subscription until the expiration of such three 
 years, but so that no subscription shall be less than 10s. Qd. — 
 Bye -law 5. 
 
 Subscription 2. Whenever a person shall be elected a member after the 31st 
 of new mem- ^f May, he shall pay one-half only of the amount of the annual 
 
 subscription for the remainder of the current year. — Bye-law 5. 
 Subscribers 3. Clerks serving under articles, or who have served under 
 to Library, gi-ticles, to the members of the Society may be admitted to the 
 Library, by order of the Council, on payment of an annual sub- 
 scription of 2?., or 1?. for six months. — Bye-latv 70. 
 
 THE B.A'LL.—Bye-laivs 69, 70, a7id 71. 
 
 When open. 4. The Hall of the Society shall be open every day (except on 
 Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and days of public fast and 
 thanksgiving, and such other days as may from time to time be 
 directed by the Council), from nine in the morning till eight in the 
 evening. 
 
GENERAL EEGULATIONS 89 
 
 5. Strangers may be admitted into the front vestibule and the strangers. 
 conference-room for the purpose of seeing members, who are to be 
 called by the hall-keeper. 
 
 6. Any person may leave with the porter, in the vestibule, Members' 
 letters or written messages addressed to members, but no post '«t'«rs, &c. 
 letters can be received unless the postage be paid. 
 
 7. Boxes are provided in the vestibule for the use of members. Boxes. 
 on payment of 5s. for each annually, and also 5s. for the key, which 
 
 is to be repaid to the member on delivering up the same. 
 
 THE UBHARY.— Bye-laws 70 and 71. 
 
 8. The Library shall be open every day (except on Sunday, when open. 
 Christmas Day, Good Friday, and days of public fast and thanks- 
 giving, and such other days as may from time to time be directed 
 
 by the Council), from nine in the morning till eight in the evening, 
 except that from the ISth August to 24:th October it shall be closed 
 at six o'clock ; and on Saturdays throughout the year it shall be 
 closed at four o'clock. 
 
 9. No person shall have right of access to the Library except Aamission. 
 members, and subscribers or other persons admitted by the 
 Council. 
 
 10. The south wing is intended to be kept for the use of mem- Begulatidn? 
 hers exclusively; and if any books therein should be requfred by ^'"''^''''P'"* 
 the subscribers, apphcation must be made to the librarian. Sub- pieservina- 
 scribers shall be admitted to the north wing only, and are to pro- books, ii-. 
 duce their tickets to the librarian or his. assistant when required. 
 Members or subscribers may take down books from the shelves ; 
 
 but shall leave them, when no longer required, on the tables, to be 
 replaced by the librarian or his assistants. 
 
 11. Every subscriber shall, whenever he attends the Library, 
 write his name in a book to be kept by the librarian for the 
 purpose. 
 
 12. Particular care must be taken in refolding maps, plans, and 
 other folding sheets. 
 
 13. No person, on any account whatever, shall take away any 
 book out of the Library, except in any of the cases mentioned in 
 the next regulation. 
 
 14. In case any scarce or valuable book or books shall be re- 
 quired by any of the members, in order to be produced in any of 
 the Courts, or before the Judges at Chambers, or any officer thereof, 
 or elsewhere, or for any strictly professional purpose, the President, 
 Vice-President, two members of the Council, or the Secretary may 
 direct a messenger from the Society to attend and produce the 
 same, and afterwards to return it to the Library. But aU expenses 
 attending such production shall be paid by the member requiring 
 the same, who shall also be responsible for any loss or damage 
 thereby occasioned. 
 
90 
 
 GENERAL REGULATIONS 
 
 Days and 
 hours of 
 attendance. 
 
 15. No book or chair shall be removed from the tables to the 
 fireplaces. 
 
 16. If any book be torn or otherwise damaged, the person doing 
 the injury shall pay the value of it. 
 
 17. No conversation shall be permitted in the Library. 
 
 18. The librarian is required to enforce the strict observance of 
 these I'ules, and to report to the Council any breach thereof. 
 
 THE OFFICE OF THE SOCIETY.— Bye-laws 70 a/iid 'il. 
 
 19. The office of the Society shall be open every day (except 
 on Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday, and days of public fast 
 and thanksgiving, and such other days as may from time to time 
 be directed by the Council), from ten in the morning tiU four in the 
 afternoon, except on Saturday, when it shall be closed at two. 
 
 Tlours of 
 examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Kent of 
 strong 
 rooms. 
 Deposits. 
 
 Tlent for 
 deposits. 
 
 PtCgistry of 
 deposits. 
 
 r.egulations. 
 
 Hosponsi- 
 bility of tlie 
 Society. 
 
 Inspection 
 and removal 
 of deposits. 
 
 FIRE-PEOOF AND DEPOSIT ROOMS. 
 Bye-laws 71 and 73. 
 
 20. A room is provided for the examination of deeds, which 
 shall be open whenever the ofl&ces of the Society are open. 
 
 21. The fire-proofrooms wiU be let by the Council, at such rent 
 and on such terms as may be fixed by the Council fr-om time to 
 time.^ 
 
 22. Some of the fire-proof rooms shall be appropriated for 
 separate deposits, wliich must be made in boxes provided by the 
 depositors, and locked. 
 
 23. Depositors shall pay rent yearly in advance to the Society 
 according to a scale to be fixed by the Council from time to time, 
 and to be regulated by the size of the box, but not to be less than 
 ten shillings per annum for each box. 
 
 24. An entry of every such deposit, and of the names of the 
 persons making the same, and of the persons by whom or by whose 
 order the same may be inspected, and to whom or to whose order 
 it may be delivered, is to be made in a book to be kept for that 
 purpose ; and a copy of the entry, signed by one of the Society's 
 clerks, is to be given to the person making the deposit. 
 
 25. Each box shall have affixed to it a particular number, dis- 
 tinguishing such deposit and referring to the entry mentioned in 
 the preceding regulation. 
 
 2G. The Society wiU not be answerable for the contents of any 
 box, nor for any loss or damage that may happen to deposits from 
 fire, tempest, military violence, popular tumult, or other accident. 
 
 27. Depositors, or others authorised in writing by them, may 
 
 ' The rents of the strong rooms vary from 51. to 101., according to 
 the size. One third more to be paid by tenants who are not' members of 
 the Society. 
 
GENEKAL REGULATIONS 'Jl 
 
 remove their deposits whenever they think proper, and may inspect 
 the same, and make or examine copies, or abstracts of deeds, from 
 time to time ; and shall have the use of a room for such pm-poses 
 during office hours. 
 
 28. No deposit shall be opened by any officer or servant of the Deposits to 
 Society, nor by any other person except the person or persons be inspeotea 
 authorised by the terms of the deposit, or some other person who authorised 
 shall produce and leave in the office an order for such inspection, persons. 
 signed by the person or persons so authorised. 
 
 29. The Society may require any depositor to remove his Sotiac of 
 deposit at any time, on giving six calendar months' notice ; but the removal oi 
 Society shall in that case repay to him such a proportion of any ' *^°^' "' 
 rent paid by him as shall represent any period subsequent to the 
 removal of the deposit. In case any deposit shall not be removed 
 
 after the expiration of such notice, the Society shall return the 
 same to the person or persons authorised by the terms of the 
 deposit to receive the same, or may otherwise dispose of the same 
 as the Council shall think iit. 
 
 30. If any rent due from any depositor shall be more than six Aireais. 
 months in arrear, a demand for payment shall be sent by post to 
 
 the person or persons authorised by the terms of the deposit to 
 receive dehvei-y of the same at the address given at the time of the 
 deposit ; and in default of payment of all arrears within three 
 mionths after such demand, such person or persons shall be liable 
 for double rent, and the CouncU shall be at liberty to return the 
 deposit, or otherwise to dispose thereof as and when they may 
 think proper. 
 
 MEETINGS AND PEOCEEDINGS OP THE COUNCIL. 
 
 31. The ordinary meetings of the Council shall be held at two Day of 
 o'clock on Friday. — Bye-law 50. Meeting. 
 
 32. At all meetings of the Council, the President, if present, Chairm.iu. 
 shall take the Chair ; and in his absence the Vice-President ; and 
 
 in the absence of President and Vice-President one of the members 
 of the Council, to be chosen by the other members present. — Bye- 
 law 50. 
 
 33. In cases of emergency a special meeting of the Coimcil may Appoiut- 
 be called by the President, Vice-President, or any two members of ™oialnieet- 
 the Council. — Bye-law 50. i«gs. 
 
 34. The Council shall from time to time appoint such com- Committees. 
 mittees for particular purposes as may be convenient. — Bye-law 50. 
 
 35. The proceedings of the Council at their meetings shall be onler of 
 taken in the following order, unless for some special reason the pioceediugs. 
 same shall be varied, viz. [Bye-law 50) : — 
 
 1. The minutes of the last meeting of the Council shall be read 
 by the Secretary, and shall, subject to any correction that 
 may be found necessary, be signed by the Chairman. 
 
92 
 
 GENEEAL REGULATIONS 
 
 Payments, 
 
 Common 
 
 SeaJ. 
 
 2. At the meeting of the Council next after any general meet- 
 
 ing, the minutes of such meeting shall be read, and, sub- 
 ject to any correction, be signed by the Chairman of such 
 meeting. 
 
 3. A report shall be made of the state of the funds. 
 
 4. Proposed members shall be balloted for. 
 
 5. Nomination of proposed members shall be reported, and 
 
 apphcations by articled clerks for admission to the 
 Library be considered. 
 C. Drafts shall be passed. 
 
 7. The remaining business shall then be transacted as directed 
 
 by the Chairman. 
 
 8. Notices of motions for future days shall be given. 
 
 36. No resolution passed at any meeting of the Council shall be 
 rescinded at any subsequent meeting, unless notice of the intention 
 to propose such rescission shall have been given in the notice of 
 the meeting. 
 
 37. Except in cases of emergency no motion shall be entertained 
 at any meeting of the Council, unless notice thereof shall have been 
 given at a previous meeting, or unless the same shall be included in 
 the agenda for the meeting. 
 
 38. No payment shall be made without an order of the Council ; 
 and all drafts on the bankers shall be signed by two members of 
 the Council and countersigned by the Secretary. — Bye-law 50. 
 
 39. The common seal shall be kept in a box with two different 
 locks, and the key of one of such locks shall be enclosed in a paper, 
 under the seals and signatures of the President, Vice-President, or 
 two members of the Council, and deposited with the Secretary, 
 which may be ojiened, re-sealed, and signed by the President, Vice- 
 President, or any two members of the Council, as occasion shall 
 require ; and the key of the second lock shall be enclosed in like 
 manner in a paper, under the seal of the Secretary, and be opened 
 by him only, or in his absence by the person who acts as Secretary 
 for the time being. — Bye-law 53. 
 
93 
 
 THE SOLICIT 0B8 ACTS, AND OTHER 
 ACTS AFFECTING SOLICITORS 
 
 X.B. — All Sections and parts of Sections contained in the Solicitors Acts which have been 
 repealed are omitted. The references to the repealing Acts arc given in brackets. 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1843, 6 & 7 Vic, cap. 73 
 
 An Act for consolidating and atnending several of the Laws relat- 
 ing to Attorneys and Solicitors practising in England and 
 Wales. [August 22, 1843. 
 
 1. . . . Xothing in this Act shall be construed to repeal or alter any 
 of the Acts or parts of Acts mentioned to be saved in the second part 
 of the first schedule hereunto annexed [37 & 88 Vic, c. 961 
 [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 '2. . . . No person shall act as an attorney or solicitor, or as such n„ person to 
 attorney or solicitor sue out any writ or process, or commence, act as an 
 carry on, solicit or defend any action, suit, or other proceeding, in "'f.'"?^? •"■ 
 the name of any other person or in his own name, in her Majesty's lessa'dmitte'd 
 High Court of Chancery, or Courts of Queen's Bench, Common ^"'i^'^''^^*- 
 Pleas, or Exchequer, or Court of the Duchy of Lancaster, or Court 
 of the Duchy Chamber of Lancaster at Westminster, or in any of 
 the Courts of the Counties Palatine of Lancaster and Durham, or 
 in the Comt of Bankruptcy .... or in any County Court, or in 
 any court of civil or criminal jurisdiction, or in any other court of 
 law or equity in that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain 
 and Ireland called England and Wales, or act as an attorney or 
 solicitor in any cause, matter, or suit, civil or criminal, to be heard, 
 tried, or determined before any justice of assize, of oyer and 
 terminer, or gaol delivery, or at any general or quarter sessions of 
 the peace for any county, riding, division, liberty, city, borough, or 
 place, or before any justice or justices, or before any commissioners 
 of her Majesty's Bevenue, unless such persons shall be . . . admitted 
 and enrolled and otherwise duly qualiiied to act as an attorney or 
 solicitor under or by virtue of the laws now in force, or unless such 
 
94 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1813 
 
 No person to 
 
 persons shall, after the passing of this Act, be admitted and enrolled 
 and otherwise duly qualified to act as an attorney or solicitor, pur- 
 suant to the directions and regulations of this Act, and unless such 
 person shall continue to be so duly qualified and on the roll at the 
 time of his acting in the capacity of an attorney or solicitor as 
 aforesaid [37 & 38 Vic, c. 96] [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 8. . . . And be it enacted that except as hereinafter mentioned 
 
 unless lie 
 shall have 
 served a 
 clerkship of 
 five j'ears. 
 
 be admitted no person shall be capable of being admitted and enrolled as an 
 or soUcitoT attorney or solicitor, unless such person shall have been bound by 
 contract in writing to serve as clerk for and during the term of five 
 years to a practising attorney or solicitor in England or Wales, and 
 shall have duly served imder such contract for and during the said 
 term of five years, and also unless such person shall after the 
 expiration of the said term of five years have been examined .... 
 in the manner hereinafter dh-ected . . . [37 & 38 Vic, c. 96] [51 & 
 52 Vic, c. 65] [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 Ko attorney 4. . . . No attorney or solicitor shall have more than two clerks 
 to have more at one and the same time who shall be bound by such contract in 
 writing as aforesaid to serve him as clerks ; and that no attorney or 
 solicitor shall take, have, or retain any clerk who shall be bound by 
 conti-act in writing as aforesaid after such attorney or solicitor shall 
 have discontinued or left off practising as or carrying on the business 
 of an attorney or solicitor, nor whilst such attorney or solicitor 
 shall be retained or employed as a writer or clerk by any other 
 attorney or solicitor ; and service by any clerk under articles to an 
 attorney or solicitor, for and dm-ing any part of the time that such 
 attorney or solicitor shall be so employed as writer or clerk by any 
 other attorney or solicitor, shall not be deemed or accounted as good 
 service under such articles [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 5. ... In case any attorney or soHcitor to whom any clerk 
 shall be bound by contract in writing as aforesaid shall, before the 
 end or determination of such contract, become bankrupt . . . or be 
 
 insolvent, imprisoned for debt and remain in prison for the space of twenty- 
 one days, it shall be lawful for any of the said courts of law or 
 equity wherein such attorney or solicitor is admitted as aforesaid, 
 upon the application of such clerk, to order and direct the said 
 contract to be discharged and assigned to such person upon such 
 terms and in such manner as the said court shall think fit [37 & 
 38 Vic, c. 96] [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 6. Provided always, that any person who now is or hereafter 
 shall he bound by contract in writing to serve as a clerk to a 
 practising attorney or solicitor for the term of five years, and who 
 shall actually and bond fide be and continue as pupil with and as 
 such be employed by any practising barrister, or any person bond 
 fide practising as a certificated special pleader in England or Wales, 
 
 than two 
 clerks at one 
 time, or to 
 take or 
 retain any 
 clerk after 
 discontinu- 
 ing business, 
 nor whilst 
 clerk to 
 another. 
 
 In case 
 attoraey 
 become 
 bankrupt 
 
 or be 
 imprisoned. 
 
 Persons 
 bound for 
 five years 
 may serve 
 one year 
 with a 
 barrister 
 or special 
 
 oue'ycar™'' ^'^^ ^^^ P^"^' °^ *^® ^^^^ term, not exceeding one whole year, and in 
 -pithaLon- addition thereto or instead thereof with the London agent of the 
 don agent, attorney or solicitor to whom any such person shall be so bound by 
 
G & 7 VIC, CAP. 73 95 
 
 contract as aforesaid for any part of the said term not exceeding one 
 year, either by virtue of any stipulation in such contract, or with 
 the permission of such attorney or solicitor, shaU be capable of 
 being exammed . . . and admitted and enrolled as an attorney or 
 soUcitor, in the same manner as if he had served the whole period 
 of five years with the attorney or solicitor to whom he may be so 
 bound [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65] [54 & 55 Vic, 67]. 
 7. [23 & 24 Vic, c. 127 .] 
 
 jQ I [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65.] 
 
 11. 1 
 
 12. . . . Every person who now is or hereafter shall be bound How clerks 
 by contract in Vi-riting to serve as a clerk to any attorney or solicitor pi„™j™' 
 shall, during the whole time and term of service to be specified in 
 
 such contract, continue and be actually employed by such attorney 
 or solicitor in the proper business, practice, or employment of an 
 attorney or sohcitor, save only and except in the cases hereinbefore 
 mentioned [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 13. . . . If any attorney or solicitor to or with whom any such clerks whose 
 person shall be so bound shall happen to die before the expiration 5f I'^'^YTt ° 
 of the term for which such person shall be so bound, or shall dis- off practice 
 continue or leave off practice as an attorney or solicitor, or if such mar <=nter 
 contract shall by mutual consent of the parties be cancelled, or in ™]°tracts for 
 case such clerk shall be legally discharged before the expiration of the residue 
 such term by any rule or order of the court wherein such attorney tf™'^"' 
 
 or solicitor shall have been admitted, such clerk shall and may in 
 any of the said cases be bound by another contract or other con- 
 tracts in writing to serve as clerk to any other practising attorney 
 or solicitor, or attorneys or solicitors, during the residue of the said 
 term, and service under such second or other contract in manner 
 hereinbefore mentioned shall be deemed and taken to be good and 
 effectual . . . [51 & 52 Vic, c 65]. [-54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 14. [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65.] 
 
 15.1 
 
 JM[40&41 Vic, C.25.] 
 
 18.) 
 
 19. [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65.] 
 
 20. [40 & 41 Vic, c 25.] 
 
 21 ... . There shall be a registrar of attorneys and solicitors, Appoiut- 
 and it shall be the duty of such Registrar to keep an alphabetical ment of the 
 roll or book, or roUs or books, of all attorneys or solicitors, and to Jated Law 
 issue certificates of persons who have been admitted and enrolled Society as 
 as attorneys or solicitors, and are entitled to take out stamped certi- ^tt|j?n™s °^. 
 ficates authorising them to practise as such ; and it shall be lawful solicitors. 
 to and for the Lord Chief Justice of her Majesty's Court of Queen's 
 Bench, the Master of the RoUs, the Lord Chief Justice of the Court 
 
96 , THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1843 
 
 of Common Pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Ex- 
 chequer (or any three of them, of whom the Master of the Bolls 
 shall be one), to make such orders, directions, and regulations 
 touching the performance and execution of the duties aforesaid as 
 they shall think proper.^ . . . And the duties of such office of 
 registrar shall be performed by the ' Incorporated Society of 
 Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and others, not being barristers, 
 practising in the courts of law and equity of the United Kingdom,' 
 whether by their present or any futui'e charter of incorporation, 
 unless and until the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, the Master of the EoUs, the Lord Chief Justice of the Court 
 of Common Pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron of the Court of Ex- 
 chequer (or any three of them, of whom the Master of Rolls shall 
 be one), shall, by any order under their hands, which order they are 
 hereby authorised and empowered to make, appoint any fit and 
 proper person to perform the said duties in the place and stead of 
 the said Society (which said person shall be called the Registrar of 
 Attorneys and SoUcitors, and shall hold such office or employment 
 during pleasure only), and so from time to time to appoint any other 
 fit and proper person, or the said Society, to perform the said duties 
 during pleasure [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65] [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 22. . . . It shall not be lawful for the Commissioners of Stamps 
 and Taxes, or any of the officers, to grant or issue to any person 
 any stamped certificate authorising such person to practise as an 
 attorney or solicitor, unless nor until he shall leave with the said 
 Commissioners, or their proper officer, at the head office for Stamps 
 and Taxes at Somerset House in the County of Middlesex, a certifi- 
 cate from such Registrar as aforesaid that such person is an attor- 
 ney or solicitor and entitled to take out such stamped certificate. . . 
 [37 & 38 Vic, c 96] [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 23. . .. . For the purpose of obtaining such Registrar's certificate 
 as aforesaid a declaration in writing, signed by such attorney or 
 solicitor, or by his partner, or in case such attorney or solicitor 
 shall reside more than twenty miles from London, then by his 
 London agent on his behalf, containing his name and place of 
 residence, and the court or one of the courts of which he is then 
 admitted an attorney or solicitor, together with the term and year 
 in or as of which he was so admitted, shall be delivered to the said 
 Registrar, who shall cause all the particulars in such declaration to 
 be entered in a proper book to be kept for that purpose, which shall 
 be open to the inspection and examination of all persons without 
 fee or reward ; and the said Registrar shall, after the expiration of 
 six days after the delivery of such declaration (unless he shall see 
 cause and have reason to believe that the party applying for such 
 certificate is not upon the said roU of attorneys or solicitors), 
 deliver to the said attorney or solicitor, or to his agent, on demand 
 a certificate [87 & 38 Vic, c 96] [54 & 65 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 24. . . . In case the said Registrar shall declme to issue such 
 
 ' See 44 & 45 Vic, c. 68, sec 24. 
 
6 & 7 VIC, CAP. 73 97 
 
 certificate as he is hereinbefore directed and required to give, the 
 party so applying for the same, if an attorney, shall and may apply 
 to any of the said courts of law at Westminster, or to any judge 
 thereof, or, if a solicitor, to the Master of the Eolls, who are hereby 
 respectively authorised to make such order in the matter as shall 
 be just, and to order payment of costs by and to either of the parties, 
 if they shaU see fit [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 25. [87 & 38 Vic, c. 96.] 
 
 26. No person who as an attorney or solicitor shall sue. Persons 
 prosecute, defend, or carry on any action or suit, or any proceedings, praotisingr 
 in any of the courts aforesaid, without having previously obtained Srtifioate 
 
 a stamped certificate which shall be then in force, shall be capable incapable ol 
 of maintaining any action or suit at law or in equity for the recovery fl™ ^^"°^ 
 of any fee, reward, or disbursement for or in respect of any business, 
 matter, or thing done by him as an attorney or solicitor aforesaid 
 whilst he shall have been without such certificate as last aforesaid 
 [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 27. . . . Every person who shall have been duly admitted an Persons July 
 attorney of any one of the superior courts of law at Westminster "Emitted in 
 shall be entitled, upon the production of his admission therein, or capable of 
 an official certificate thereof, and that the same stiU continues in practising in 
 force, to be admitted as an attorney in any other of the said courts, oourVon 
 or in any inferior court of law in England and Wales, upon signing signing the 
 the roU of such other court, but not otherwise, and shall thereupon °*''^^'' '^°"^" 
 be entitled to practise as an attorney therein m like manner as if 
 
 he had been sworn in and admitted an attorney of such court: 
 Provided always that no additional fee besides those payable by 
 ^ortae of this Act shall be demanded or paid ; and that every person persons auiy 
 who shall have been duly admitted a solicitor of the High Court of admitted in 
 Chancery shall be entitled, upon the production of his admission oapabie^of 
 therein, or on official certificate thereof, and that the same stiU practising in 
 continues in force, to be admitted as a solicitor in any mferior an^^^^i"^ 
 court of equity in England and Wales, and in the Court of Bank- inferior 
 ruptcy, upon signing the roll of such other Court, but not otherwise, p™Vj^ "' 
 and shall thereupon be entitled to practise as a solicitor therein ''"' ^' 
 in like manner as if he had been sworn in and admitted a solicitor 
 of such Coiirt : Provided also, that no additional fee besides those 
 payable by virtue of this Act shall be demanded or paid [54 & 55 
 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 28. . . . No person who shall have duly served his clerkship Defects in 
 under articles in writing, pursuant to the provisions of this Act, ^^p ^j at"' 
 shall be prevented or disqualified from being admitted and enrolled toriieys not 
 as an attorney or solicitor, nor liable to be struck off the roll if '° disqualify 
 admitted, by reason or in consequence of the attorney or sohcitor to Slve serTed 
 whom he may have been bound by such articles having been after them, 
 such service struck off the roll : Provided that such clerk or person 
 
 be otherwise entitled to be admitted and enrolled, according to the 
 provisions hereinbefore contained [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 11 
 
98 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1813 
 
 articles, &c. 
 to be made 
 within 12 
 months of 
 admission. 
 
 Attorneys 
 not to com- 
 mence or 
 defend suits 
 if prisoners. 
 
 AppUoations ■ 20. . . . No person who has been admitted' and enrolled shall 
 attorn^s"* be liable to be struck off the roll for or on account of any defect in 
 off the roll, the articles of clerkship, or in the registry thereof, or in his service 
 fOT detect in yjujer such articles, or in his admission and enrolment, unless the 
 application for strikmg hun off the roll be made within twelve 
 months from the time of his admission and enrolment : Provided 
 that such articles, registration, service, admission, or enrolment 
 be without fraud [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67] [40 & 41 Vic, c 25]. 
 
 30. [51 & 52 Vic, cap. 65]. 
 
 31. . . . No attorney or solicitor who shall be a prisoner in any 
 gaol or prison, or within the limits, rules, or liberties of any gaol 
 or prison, shall or may, during his confinement in any gaol or prison, 
 or within the limits, rules, or liberties of any gaol or prison, as an 
 attorney or solicitor, in his own name, or in the name of any other 
 attorney or solicitor, sue out any writ or process, or commence or 
 prosecute or defend any action or suit, in any courts of law or 
 equity, or matter in bankruptcy : and such attorney or solicitor so 
 commencing, prosecuting, or defending any action or suit as afore- 
 said, and any attorney or sohcitor permitting or empowering any 
 such attorney or solicitor as aforesaid to commence, prosecute, or 
 defend any action or suit in his name, shall be deemed to be guilty 
 of a contempt of the court in which any such action or suit shall 
 have been commenced or prosecuted, and punishable by the said 
 courts accordingly, upon the application of any person complaining 
 thereof ; and such attorney or solicitor so commencing, prosecuting, 
 or defending any action or suit as aforesaid shall be incapable of 
 maintaining any action or suit at law or in equity for the recovery 
 of any fee, reward, or disbursement for or in respect of any business, 
 matter, or thing done by him whilst such prisoner as aforesaid, in 
 his own name or in the name of any other attorney or solicitor 
 [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 32. . . . If any attorney or sohcitor shall wilfully and knowingly 
 act as agent in any action or suit in any court of law or equity, or 
 matter in bankruptcy, for any person not duly qualified to act as 
 an attorney or solicitor as aforesaid, or permit or suffer his name to 
 be anyways made use of in such action, suit, or matter upon the 
 account or for the profit of any unqualified person, or send any 
 process to such unqualified person, or do any other act thereby to 
 enable such unqualified person to appear, act, or practise in any 
 respect as an attorney or solicitor in any suit at law or in equity, 
 knowing such person not to be duly qualified as aforesaid, and 
 complaint shall be made thereof in a summary way to any of the 
 said superior courts wherein such attorney or solicitor has been 
 admitted and proof made thereof upon oath to the satisfaction of the 
 court that such attorney or solicitor hath wilfully and knowingly 
 offended therein as aforesaid, then and in such case every such 
 attorney or solicitor so offendingshall and maybe struck; off the roll 
 and for ever after disabled from practising as an attorney or solicitor} 
 and in that case, and upon such complaint and proof made as 
 
 Attorneys 
 not to act as 
 agents for 
 persons not 
 qualified, &c. 
 
84 & 35 Vic, cap. 18]. 
 [37 & 38 Vic, cap. 96]. 
 
 6 & 7 VIC, CAP. 73 99 
 
 aforesaid, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said court to 
 commit such unqualified person so acting or practising as aforesaid 
 to the prison of the said court without bail or mainprise for any 
 term not exceeding one year [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 33. "• ■ 
 
 34. 
 35. 
 86. 
 
 37. . . No attorney or solicitor, nor any executor, administrator, Attorneys 
 or assignee of any attorney or solicitor, shall commence or maintain ™^^ ^^^l' 
 any action or suit forthe recovery of any fees, charges, or disburse- commence 
 ments for any business done by such attorney or solicitor, until the ^° "J?""" '"' 
 expiration of one month after such attorney or solicitor, or executor, month after 
 administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, shall have delivery of 
 delivered unto the party to be charged therewith, or sent by the post *''" '"^'^• 
 to or left for him at his counting-house, office of business, dwelling- 
 house, or last-known place of abode, a bill of such fees, charges, and 
 disbursements, and which bOl shall either be subscribed with the 
 proper hand of such attorney or solicitor (or, in the case of a pal'tner- 
 ship, by any of the partners, either with his own name or with the 
 name or style of such partnership), or of the executor, administrator, 
 or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, or be enclosed in or accom- 
 panied by a letter subscribed in like manner referring to such bill; Beforcncs 
 and upon application of the party chargeable by such bill within °' ™^ 
 such month it shall be lawful, in case the business contained in such relating to 
 bill or any part thereof shall have been transacted in the High Court business 
 of Chancery, or in any other court of equity, or in any matter of o™rt'^*''„o " 
 bankruptcy or lunacy, or in case no part of such business shall have for taxation! 
 been transacted in any other court of law or equity, for the Lord High 
 Chancellor or the Master of the EoUs, and in case any part of such 
 business'shall have been transacted in any other court, for the Courts 
 of Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer, ... or any judge of 
 either of them, and they are hereby respectively required to refer 
 such biU, and the demand of such attorney or solicitor, executor, 
 administrator, or assignee, thereupon to be taxed and settled by the 
 proper officer of the court in which such reference shall be made, 
 without any money being brought into court ; and the court or 
 judge making such reference shall restrain such attorney or solicitor, 
 or executor, administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, 
 from commencing any action or suit touching such demand pending 
 such reference ; and in case no such application as aforesaid shall be Taxation 
 made within such month as aforesaid, then it shall be lawful for such ^0^^™" 
 reference to be made as aforesaid, either upon the application of the 
 attorney or solicitor, or the executor, administrator, or assignee of the 
 attorney or solicitor, whose bill may have been so as aforesaid 
 delivered, sent, or left; or upon the application of the party chargeable 
 by such bill, with such directions and subject to such conditions as 
 the court or judge making such reference shall think proper ; and such 
 
 H 2 
 
100 
 
 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1843 
 
 costs of 
 taxation. 
 
 covirt or judge may restrain such attorney or solicitor, or the executor, 
 administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, from com- 
 mencing or prosecuting any action or suit touching such demand 
 pending such reference, upon such terms as shall be thought proper : 
 Taxation Provided always, that no such reference as aforesaid shall be directed 
 months™'^" '^po'^ ^^ application made by the party chargeable with such bill after 
 under special a verdict shall have been obtained or a writ of inquiry executed in any 
 "tancl" action for the recovery of the demand of such attorney or soHcitor, or 
 executor, administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, or 
 after the expiration of twelve months after such bill shall have been 
 delivered, sent, or left as aforesaid, except under special circumstances, 
 to be proved to the satisfaction of the court or judge to whom the 
 apphcation for such reference shall be made ; and upon every such 
 reference, if either the attorney or solicitor, or executor, adminis- 
 trator, or assignee of the attorney or soUcitor, whose bill shall have 
 been dehvered, sent, or left, or the party chargeable with such bill, 
 having due notice, shall refuse or neglect to attend such taxation, 
 the officer to whom such reference shall be made may proceed to 
 tax and settle such bill and demand ex parte ; and ia case any such 
 T^aymcnt of reference as aforesaid shall be made upon the application of the 
 party chargeable with such biU, or upon the application of such 
 attorney or solicitor, or the executor, administrator, or assignee of 
 such attorney or solicitor, and the party chargeable with such bUl 
 shall attend upon such taxation, the costs of such reference shall, 
 except as hereinafter provided for, be paid according to the event of 
 such taxation ; that is to say, if such bUl when taxed be less by a 
 sixth part than the biU delivered, sent, or left, then such attorney, 
 or solicitor, or executor, administrator, or assignee of such attorney 
 or solicitor, shall pay such costs ; and if such bill when taxed shall 
 not be less by a sixth part than the bill delivered, sent, or left, then 
 the party chargeable with such bill, making such application or so 
 attending, shall pay such costs ; and every order to be made for 
 such reference as aforesaid shall direct the officer to whom such 
 reference shall be made to tax such costs of such reference to be so 
 paid as aforesaid, and to certify what, upon such reference, shall be 
 found to be due to or from such attorney or solicitor, or executor, 
 administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, in respect 
 of such biU and demand, and of the costs of such reference, if 
 payable : Provided also, that such officer shall in all cases be at 
 liberty to certify specially any circumstances relating to such bill or 
 taxation, and the court or judge shall be at hberty to make there- 
 upon any such order as such court or judge may think right re- 
 specting the payment of the costs of such taxation : Provided also, 
 that where such reference as aforesaid shall be made when the same 
 is not authorised to be made except under special circumstances as 
 hereinbefore provided, then the said court or judge shaJl be at 
 liberty, if it shall be thought fit, to give any special directions rela- 
 tive to the costs of such reference : Provided also, that it shall be 
 lawful for the said respective courts and judges, in the same cases 
 
 rourts may 
 ttidcv at- 
 
6 & r VIC, CAP. 73 101 
 
 in which they are respectively authorised to refer a bill which has torney or 
 been so as aforesaid delivered, sent, or left, to make such order for ^"r""' vj" 
 the delivery by any attorney or solicitor, or the executor, adminis- biiirand to 
 trator, or assignee of any attorney or solicitor, of such bill as afore- deliver up 
 said, and for the delivery up of deeds, documents, or papers in his ^^^^^' *"' 
 possession, custody, or power, or otherwise touching the same, 
 in the same manner as has heretofore been done as regards 
 such attorney or solicitor, by such courts or judges respectively, 
 where any such business had been transacted in the court in which 
 such order was made : Provided also, that it shall not in any case Evidence of 
 be necessary in the first instance for such attorney or solicitor, or ^fU^ery of 
 the executor, administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, 
 in proving a compliance with this Act, to prove the contents of the 
 bni he may have delivered, sent, or left, but it shall be sufficient to 
 prove that a bill of fees, charges, or disbursements, subscribed in 
 the manner aforesaid, or enclosed in or accompanied by such letter 
 as aforesaid, was delivered, sent, or left in manner aforesaid; 
 but nevertheless it shall be competent for the other party to show 
 that the bill so dehvered, sent, or left, was not such a bill as con- 
 stituted a bond-fide compliance with this Act [38 & 39 Vic, c. 79] 
 [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 38. . . . Where any person, not the party chargeable with any buis may tw 
 such bni within the meaning of the provisions hereinbefore contained, taxed upon 
 ^all be liable to pay or shall have paid such bill either to the t^n*of"'third 
 attorney or solicitor, his executor, administrator, or assignee, or to parties. 
 the party chargeable with such bill as aforesaid, it shall be lawful 
 
 for such person, his executor, administrator, or assignee, to make 
 such application for a reference for the taxation and settlement of 
 such bill as the party chargeable therewith might himself make, 
 and the same reference and order shall be made thereupon, and the 
 same course pursued in all respects, as if such application was made 
 by the party so chargeable with such bill as aforesaid : Provided 
 always, that in case such application is made when, under the 
 provisions herein contained, a reference is not authorised to be 
 made except under special circumstances, it shall be lawful for the 
 court or judge to whom such application shall be made to take into 
 consideration any additional special circumstances applicable to the 
 person making such application, although such circimastances might 
 not be applicable to the party so chargeable with the said bill as 
 aforesaid if he were the party making the application [54 & 55 
 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 39. ... It shall be lawful, in any case in which a trustee, Lord ciian- 
 executor, or administrator has become chargeable with any such oeiior may 
 bill as aforesaid, for the Lord High Chancellor or the Master of the Mou^rf bms 
 Bolls, if in his discretion he shall think fit, upon the application of chargeable 
 
 a party interested in the property out of which such trustee, executor, ™ executore, 
 or administrator may have paid or be entitled to pay such bill, to 
 refer the same, and such attorney's, or solicitor's, or executor's, 
 
102 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1843 
 
 administfator's, or assignee's demand thereupon, to be taxted and- 
 settled by the propar officer of the High Court of Chancery, with 
 such directions and subject to such conditions as such judge shall 
 think fit, and to make such order as such judge shall think fit for 
 the payment of what may be foimd due, and of the costs of such 
 reference, to or by such attorney or solicitor, or the executor, 
 administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, by or to the - 
 party making such application, having regard to the provisions 
 herein contained relative to applications for the like purpose by the- 
 party chargeable with such bill, so far as the same shall be apph- 
 cable to such cases; and in exei'cising such discretion as aforesaid 
 the said judge may take into consideration the extent and nature of 
 the interest of the party making the application : Provided always, 
 that where any money shall be so directed to be paid by such 
 attorney or solicitor, or the executor, administrator, or assignee of 
 such attorney or solicitor, it shall be lawful for such judge, if he 
 shall think fit, to order the same, or any part thereof, to be paid to 
 such trustee, executor, administrator, so chargeable with such bill, 
 instead of being paid to the party making such application ; and 
 when the party making such apphcation shall pay any money to 
 such attorney, or solicitor, or executor, administrator, or assignee of 
 such attorney or soHcitor, in respect of such bill, he shall have the 
 same right to be paid by such trustee, executor, or administrator so 
 chargeable with such bUl as such attorney, or solicitor, or executor, 
 administrator, or assignee of such attorney or solicitor, had [54 & 
 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 Copy of bill 40. . . . For the purjiose of any such reference upon the apphca- 
 deiiverea to tion of the person not being the party chargeable within the meaning 
 person of the provisions of this Act as aforesaid, or of a party interested as 
 
 SpiicSion afoj^esaid, it shall be lawful for such court or judge to order any 
 for reference Buch attorney or solicitor, or the executor, administrator, or assignee 
 for taxation, gf ^ny such attorney or solicitor, to deliver to the party making 
 such application a copy of such bill, upon payment of the costs of 
 such copy : Provided always, that no bill which shall have been 
 No re-taxa- Previously taxed and settled shall be again referred unless, under 
 tion. special circumstances, the court or judge to whom such application- 
 
 is made shall think fit to direct a re-taxation thereof [54 & 55 
 Vic, c 67]. 
 Taxation of 41. . . . The payment of any such bill as aforesaid shall in no 
 payment. '^^^^ preclude the court or judge to whom application shall be made 
 from referring such bill for taxation, if the special circumstances of 
 the case shall, in the opinion of such court or judge, appear to 
 require the same, upon such terms and conditions and subject to 
 such directions as to such court or judge shall seem right, provided 
 the application for such reference be made within twelve calendar 
 months after payment [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 Po^yer for 42. . . . In all cases in which such bill shall have been referred 
 
 Taxing to be taxed and settled, the officer to whom such reference is made 
 
6 & 7 VIC, CAP. 73 103 
 
 shall be at Eberty to request the proper officer of any other court Offloe to 
 having such an officer to assist him in taxing and settling any part oX|j^*o( 
 of such bill, and such officer so requested shall thereupon proceed other courts 
 to tax and settle the same, and shall have the same powers, and *° '?.'^ 
 may receive the same fees in respect thereof, as upon a reference to the wnf " 
 him by the court of which he is such officer, and shall return the 
 same, with his opinion thereon, to the officer who shall have so 
 requested him to tax and settle the same ; and the officer to whom 
 such reference is made shall not be paid any fee for that portion of 
 the bin which shall have been so taxed and settled by the officer of 
 such other court at his request [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67]. 
 
 48. . . . All applications made under this Act to refer any such Applications 
 bUl as aforesaid to be taxed and settled, and for the delivery of such brn'^frofts 
 biU, and for the dehvering up of deeds, documents, and papers, how to be 
 shajl be made in the matter of such attorney or solicitor ; and that n'^'i^- 
 upon the taxation and settlement of any such bill the certificate Certificate 
 of the officer by whom such bill shall be taxed shall (unless set "f taxation 
 aside or altered by order, decree, or rule of court) be final and con- ° ^ ™ ■ 
 elusive as to the amount thereof, and payment of the amount certi- 
 fied to be due and directed to be paid may be enforced according 
 to the co>n-se of the court in which such reference shall be made ; 
 and in case such reference shall be made in any court of common 
 law, it shall be lawful for such court or any judge thereof to order 
 judgment to be entered up for such amount, with costs, unless the Judgment 
 retainer shall be disputed, or to make such other order thereon as ^^^^ 
 such court or judge shall deem proper [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 44 and 45. [37 & 38 Vic, c. 96.] 
 
 46. [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65.] 
 
 47. Provided always that this Act or anything herein contained To what 
 shall not extend or be construed to extend to the examination, ^^Ms'not to 
 swearing, admission, or enrolment, or any rights or privileges of extend, 
 any persons appointed to be solicitors to the Treasury, Customs, 
 Excise, Post Office, Stamp Duties, or any other branch of her 
 Majesty's Eevenue, or to the Solicitor of the City of London, or to 
 
 the Assistant of the Council for the affairs of the Admiralty or Navy, 
 or to the Solicitor to the Board of Ordnance [54 & 55 Vic, c 67]. 
 
 48. ... In the construction of this Act the word ' month ' shall Meaning of 
 be taken to mean a calendar month ; and every word importing certain 
 the singular number only shall extend and be applied to several t^g j^^t. 
 persons, matters, or things, as well as one person, matter, or thing ; 
 
 and every word importing the plural number shall extend and be 
 applied to one person, matter, or thing, as well as several persons, 
 matters, or things ; and every word importing the masculine gender 
 only shall extend and be applied to a female as well as a male ; and 
 the word ' person ' shall extend to any body politic, corporate, or 
 collegiate, municipal, civil, or ecclesiastical, aggregate or sole, as 
 well as an individual ; unless in any of the cases aforesaid it be 
 
104 THE SOLICITOUS ACT, 1£60 
 
 otherwise specially provided, or there be soraething in the subject 
 or context repugnant to such construction [54 & 55 Vic, c. 67j. 
 49. [37 & 38 Vic, c, 96.] 
 
 FIEST SCHEDULE 
 
 First Part 
 
 [37 & 38 Vic, c 96.] 
 
 Second Part. 
 
 For existing Acts referred to in Sec 1, see ' The Statutes Re- 
 vised,' vol. vii., p. 99. 
 
 SECOND SCHEDULE 
 [56 & 57 Vic, c 54.] 
 
 THIKD SCHEDULE 
 [37 & 38 Vic, c. 96.] 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1860, 23 & 24 Vic, cap. 127. 
 
 An Act to amend the Laws relating to Attorneys, Solicitors, 
 Proctors, and Certificated Conveyancers. 
 
 [August 28, 1860. 
 
 Preamble, &c. [55 & 56 Vic, c 19]. 
 
 lutefnrcta- ■'- ^^^ *^^ construction of this Act, unless there be something in 
 
 tation cf the subject or context repugnant to such construction, the word 
 
 terms. i attorney ' shall mean attorney of one or more of the Superior 
 
 Courts of Law at Westminster ; the word ' solicitor ' shall mean 
 
 solicitor of the High Court of Chancery ; the word ' Registrar ' shall 
 
 mean Registrar of attorneys and solicitors ; the expression ' the RoU 
 
 of Attorneys and Solicitors kept by the Registrar ' shaU mean the 
 
 Roll or Book, RoUs or Books of Attorneys and Sohcitors, which by 
 
 the first hereinbefore mentioned Act ' the Registrar is required to 
 
 keep ; and the expression ' the Incorporated Law Society ' shall 
 
 mean ' the Incorporated Society of attorneys, solicitors, proctors, 
 
 and others, not being barristers, practising in the Courts of Law 
 
 and Equity of the United Kingdom ' [55 & 50 Vic, c. 19]. 
 
 ' The Solicitors Act, 1843, is the act in question. It is mentioned 
 in the repealed preamble. 
 
23 & 24 VIC, CAP. 127 105 
 
 2. . . . Any person having taken the degree of bachelor of arts Persons hav- 
 or bachelor of laws in the University of Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, a^fr^esTt 
 Durham, or London, or in the Queen's University in Ireland, or certain uni- 
 the degree of bachelor of arts, master of arts, bachelor of laves, or ™rsities 
 doctor of laws in any of the Universities of Scotland, none of such admitted 
 degrees being honorary degrees, and who at any time after having afterthree 
 taken such degree, and either before or after the passing of this Act, l^foe, 
 has been bound by and has duly sei'ved under articles of clerkship 
 
 to a practising attorney or solicitor for the term of three years, 
 and has been examined in manner directed by the first hereinbefore 
 mentioned Act and by this Act, may be admitted and enrolled as 
 an attorney or solicitor, and service for any part of the said term 
 not exceeding one year with the London agent of such attorney or 
 solicitor in the business, practice, or employment of an attorney or 
 solicitor, either by virtue of any stipulation in such articles, or with 
 the permission of such attorney or solicitor, shall be and be deemed 
 to have been good service under such articles for such part of the 
 said term [38 & 39 Vic, c. 66] [55 & 56 Vic, c 19] . 
 
 3. Every person who has been called to the degree of utter Persons 
 barrister in England, and who, before becoming such barrister, has ^t thefbar^" 
 been bound by contract in writing to serve as a clerk for the term may be ad- 
 of five years, or who, after ceasing to be a barrister, has been bound fitted after 
 by contract in writing to serve as a clerk for the term of three years, serricef*'^'* 
 to a practising attorney or solicitor, and has in either of the said 
 
 cases continued in such service for the term of three years, and 
 during the whole of such three years served in such manner as is 
 hereinbefore required in the case of persons who have taken degrees 
 in the said Universities, and having been examined as aforesaid, 
 after the expiration of such term of three years (the examination 
 taking place, in the first-mentioned case, after the person has ceased 
 to be a barrister), may be admitted and enrolled as an attorney or 
 solicitor : Provided always, that in the case of any such person as 
 aforesaid who has been bound for five years, it shall be necessary 
 for such term to be determined with consent, as hereinbefore pro- 
 vided in the case of persons having taken degrees, who may have 
 been bound for five years before the passing of this Act [55 & 56 
 Vic, c 19]. 
 
 4. Any person who, either before or after the passing of this Act, Persons 
 shall for the term of ten years have been a hond-fide clerk to an ^^^S}"^'^ 
 attorney, solicitor, or proctor, or attorneys, solicitors, or proctors, cSks to 
 and during that term should have been hond-fide engaged in the attorneys, 
 transaction and performance, under the direction and superinten- pr^Jors^f,,"/ 
 dence of such attorney, solicitor, or proctor, or attorneys, solicitors, ten years 
 or proctors, of such matters of business as are usually transacted '^Fj°l *,?' , 
 and performed by attorneys, solicitors, and proctors, and who shall three years' 
 produce to the examiners satisfactory evidence that he has faith- service. 
 fully, honestly, and diligently served as such clerk, and who after 
 
 the expiration of the said term of ten years has been bound by and 
 
service. 
 
 106 THE SOLICITOBS ACT, 1860 
 
 has duly served under articles of clerkship to a practising attorney, 
 solicitor, or proctor for the term of three years, and has been 
 examined in manner directed by the first hereinbefore men- 
 tioned Act and by this Act, may be admitted and enrolled as an 
 attorney and solicitor, or proctor, and service for any part of the 
 said term not exceeding one year with the London agent of such 
 attorney, or solicitor, or proctor in the proper business, practice, or 
 employment of an attorney, solicitor, or proctor, either by virtue of 
 any stipulation in such articles, or with the permission of such 
 attorney, solicitor, or proctor, shall be and be deemed to have been 
 good service under such articles for such part of the said term 
 [38 & 39 Vic, c. 66] [55 & 56 Vic, o. 19]. 
 Judges may 5. The Lords Chief Justices of the Courts of Queen's Bench and 
 Sttonsto" Common Pleas, jointly with the Master of the EoUs,i may, if they 
 persons wiio think fit, from time to time, by regulations to be made by them, 
 have passed direct that any person having successfully passed any examination 
 examina- HOW or hereafter to be established in any of the Universities herein- 
 tions before before mentioned, and to be specified in such regulations, may be 
 admitted" '"' admitted and enrolled as an attorney or sohcitor, after having been 
 after four subsequently bound by, and having duly served under articles of 
 years' clerkship to a practising attorney or solicitor for the term of four 
 
 years, and been examined as aforesaid ; and the said judges may 
 from time to time revoke or alter such regulations as they think fit, 
 but not so as to allow a less term of service than four years [55 
 & 56 Vic, c 19]. 
 Sec. 6 of 6. Section six of the first hereinbefore mentioned Act shall apply 
 
 6 & 7 Vic, as well to any person bound as therein mentioned as a clerk to a 
 tended to practising attorney or solicitor for the term of four years only, where 
 persons under the said regulations that term is sufficient, as to any person 
 fomySirr ^° bound for the term of five years, and shall be read and construed 
 only. accordingly. 
 
 7. [51 & 52 Vic, c 65.] 
 
 g } [40 & 41 Vic, c 25.] 
 
 Articled 10- No person hereafter bound by articles of clerkship to any 
 
 clerks not to attorney or solicitor shall, during the term of service mentioned in 
 
 oflice°or^' such articles, hold any office or engage in any employment whatso- 
 
 empioyment. ever other than the employment of clerk to such attorney or 
 
 sohcitor, and his partner or partners (if any) in the business, 
 
 practice, or employment of an attorney or solicitor, save as by the 
 
 first hereinbefore mentioned Act or this Act otherwise provided ; 
 
 and every person bound as aforesaid shall, before being admitted 
 
 an attorney or solicitor, prove by the affidavit required under 
 
 section fourteen of the first hereinbefore mentioned Act that he has 
 
 not held any office or engaged in any employment contrary to this 
 
 enactment, and the form of such affidavit as aforesaid shall be 
 
 ' See 44 A 45 Vic, c 68, s. 24. 
 
23 & 24 VIC, CAP. 127 107 
 
 varied by such addition thereto as may be necessary for this 
 purpose. 
 
 11. [40 & 41 Vic, c. 25.] 
 
 12. Whenever any of the periods of three years, four years, and where the 
 five yeajrs mentioned in this Act or in the first hereinbefore men- "''y^' '°™' 
 tioned Act (whether the same period shall have commenced before years expire 
 or after the passing of this Act) shall expire in any vacation, then in any 
 and in such case any person whose, period of clerkship shall so Ixamination 
 expire shall be at liberty to pass his examination in the term may take 
 immediately preceding the said vacation; and at any time in or^P'^""'"^ 
 after such vacation, and after the said period of clerkship shall ceding such 
 have expired, the Master of the EoUs ... on being satisfied . . . vacation, 
 that the period of clerkship of such person has expired . . . may do 
 
 all . . . acts necessary for or towards the admission and enrolment 
 of such person as a solicitor as provided in the said last-mentioned 
 Act [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65]. 
 
 15. [40 & 41 Vic, c. 25.] 
 
 14. [38 & 39 Vic, c. 66] [40 & 41 Vic, c. 25.] 
 
 15.- Every person who has been admitted and enrolled as a Persons ad- 
 writer to the signet, or a solicitor in the Supreme Courts of Scot- mitted as 
 land, or as a procurator before any of the Sheriff Courts of Scotland, the'llgnrt, 
 and who, after being so admitted and enrolled, has been bound by &o., maybe 
 and has duly served under articles of clerkship in England or attornCTs* 
 Wales to a practising attorney or solicitor for the term of three and 
 years, and has been examined in manner directed by the first solicitors. 
 hereiabefore mentioned Act and by this Act, may be admitted and 
 enrolled as an attorney and solicitor ; and service for any part of 
 the said term not exceeding one year with the London agent of such 
 attorney or solicitor in the proper business, practice, or employment 
 of an attorney or solicitor, either by virtue of any stipulation, or 
 with the permission of such attorney or solicitor, shall be and be 
 deemed to have been good service under such articles for such part 
 of the said term [55 & 56 Vic, c 19]. 
 
 16. In every case where by statutory provision or by custom the Provision as 
 qualification of a solicitor or attorney to hold any ofiice is his having ^ offioesof" 
 been admitted and enrolled as an attorney or solicitor a prescribed solicitors 
 period, every person who either before the passing of this Act has who have 
 been or hereafter shall be called to the degree of utter barrister in barristers. 
 England, and who having been subsequently disbarred has been 
 admitted and enrolled as an attorney or solicitor, shall, in lieu of 
 
 such qualification as aforesaid, be qualified to hold any such office 
 on the completion of the prescribed period, to be reckoned from the 
 date of such person being called to the degree of an utter barrister in 
 England. 
 
 17. [51 & 52 Vic, c 65.] 
 
 18. Instead of separate annual stamped certificate for attorneys Registrar's 
 and solicitors to be issued by the Commissioners of Inland Revenue to'^^?mfSe 
 as now required by law, the stamp duties chargeable on such cer- the stamped 
 
108 
 
 THE SOLICITOUS ACT, 1860 
 
 certificates 
 of the Com- 
 missioners 
 of Inland 
 Revenue. 
 
 Tihe amount 
 of stamp 
 duty to be 
 determined 
 by the place 
 of business. 
 
 Tlie declara- 
 tion, on 
 applying for 
 the Regis- 
 trar's cer- 
 tificate, to be 
 in duplicate, 
 and one copy 
 to be left 
 with the 
 Commis- 
 sioners. 
 
 Fees for 
 Registrar's 
 certificate 
 and for the 
 examina- 
 tions. 
 
 But see 
 p. 135. 
 
 Certificate 
 to be entered 
 with the 
 Registrar : 
 the Com- 
 missioners 
 to supply 
 particulars 
 where 
 stamped 
 before 
 January 2. 
 
 tificates shall be denoted upon the Begistrar's certificate ; and 
 upon any such certificate being stamped accordingly, and the date 
 of the payment of the duty certified by the proper officer by 
 writing under his hand, or by other sufficient means, the same 
 shall be and be deemed the proper stamped certificate required 
 by law to be taken out by the attorney or solicitor named therein 
 [55 & 56 Vic, c. 19j. 
 
 19. For determming the rate of stamp duty payable on the cer- 
 tificate, the place or places where the attorney or solicitor shaU 
 carry on his business shall be deemed to be the place or places of 
 his residence, within the meaning of the Acts relating to the stamp 
 duties on certificates. . . . [40 & 41 Vic, o. 25]. 
 
 20. The declaration required to be made for the purpose of 
 obtaining the Begistrar's certificate shall be made out and signed in 
 duplicate, and one of such duplicates shall be delivered to and left 
 with the Begistrar, and the other produced to him, and the duplicate 
 so produced, together with the certificate granted on such declaration, 
 shall be left with the Commissioners, or their proper officer, on 
 applying to have the certificate stamped, and shall be and be 
 deemed the note in writing required by law to be delivered to the 
 Commissioners, or their officer, to entitle the attorney or solicitor to 
 a stamped certificate ; and for every such certificate issued by the 
 Begistrar, and the previous requisite search and enquiry, there shall 
 be paid to him the simi of five shilUngs, and the Begistrar shall 
 yearly render an account of all sums of money received in respect 
 thereof, and of the application of the same to the Lords Chief 
 Justices of the Courts of Queen's Bench and Common Pleas, jointly 
 with the Master of the Bolls, who may from time to time, by order 
 under their hands, climinish such sum as they think fit. . . . Pro- 
 vided always, that a copy of such account so rendered as aforesaid 
 shall be open to the inspection of any attorney or solicitor at the 
 Hall of the Incorporated Law Society [40 & 41 Vic, c. 25] [55 
 & 56 Vic, c 19]. 
 
 21. For enabling the Begistrar to enter upon the roll of 
 attorneys and solicitors kept by him a note or minute of the time 
 of stamping every certificate, the Commissioners shall, whenever the 
 same shall be required after the 15th day of February in every 
 year, furnish to the Begistrar an account of the certificates issued 
 between the 15th day of November and the 2nd day of January 
 preceding, for which during the same period the stamp duties have 
 been paid, specifying the names and places of business of the parties 
 respectively to or for whom the same have been issued, and the dates 
 of payment of the stamp duties ; or, in lieu of such account, the 
 Commissioners at their option shall return to the Begistrar the 
 aforesaid duplicate declarations to which such certificates relate, 
 with a note or memorandum on each of them specifying the date of 
 payment of the stamp duty for the certificate ; and the Begistrar 
 shall upon such account being furnished, or such duplicate declara- 
 
23 & 24 VIC, CAP. 127 109 
 
 tions being returned to him as aforesaid, enter such note or minute 
 as aforesaid ; and in order to such entry being made in respect of Where 
 certificates stamped at any other time every such last-mentioned fj™^^'' 
 certificate shall, within a month of the payment of the duty, be pro- January l 
 duced to the Begistrar, who shall thereupon make such entry and eertifloate to 
 signify the same by a note or memorandum upon the certificate; by the "°^ 
 and every such last-mentioned certificate which shall not be so party, to be 
 produced within the said period shall have effect only as a quali- ™^^^a 
 fication to practise from the time when it shall be produced : Pro- month. 
 vided that it shall be lawful for the Master of the Eolls in the case 
 of a solicitor, or one of the Superior Courts of Law at Westminster 
 or one of the judges thereof, in the case of an attorney, at any time 
 to make an order directing that any certificate not so produced shall 
 have efiect upon and firom the time of stamping the same, or any 
 subsequent period. 
 
 22. Every certificate issued by the Registrar between the 15th When certi- 
 day of November and the 16th day of December in any year shall ^^"^°J"^^^ 
 bear date on the 16th of November, and shall take effect on when to 
 that day for all purposes, provided it be stamped before the 16th determine. 
 day of December ; and in every such case the 16th day of November 
 shall, for the purpose of this Act, be deemed to be the date of the 
 pajrment of the duty ; but if such certificate be not so stamped, it 
 shall take effect, as regards the qualification to practise, on the day 
 on which it is stamped ; and every certificate issued at any other 
 time shall bear date on the day on which it is issued, and subject to 
 the provision herein contained relating to certificates stamped after 
 the 1st day of January in any year, and not produced within a 
 month to be entered by the Registrar, shall take effect as regards 
 such qualification on the day on which it is stamped ; and every 
 certificate shall be and continue in force from the day on which it 
 shall take effect as aforesaid, until the 15th day of November next 
 following, inclusive, and no longer : and any list of attorneys. Law List to 
 solicitors, and conveyancers purporting to be published by the beprimd 
 authority of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, and to contain "evidence. 
 the names of attorneys, solicitors, and conveyancers who have 
 obtained stamped certificates for the current year on or before the 
 1st day of January in the same year, shall, until the contrary be 
 made to appear, be evidence in all courts, and before all justices of 
 the peace and others, that the persons named therein as attorneys, 
 solicitors, or conveyancers holding such certificates as aforesaid for 
 the current year are attorneys, solicitors, or conveyancers holding 
 such certificates ; and the absence of the name of any person firom 
 such Ust shall, until the contrary be made to appear, be evidence as 
 aforesaid that such person is not qualified to practise as an attorney, 
 solicitor, or conveyancer under a certificate for the current year ; 
 but in the case of any person being an attorney or solicitor 
 whose name does not appear in such list, an extract from the roll of 
 attorneys and solicitors kept by the Registrar, certified under the 
 
110 
 
 THE SOLIOITOKS ACT, 1860 
 
 Rule for 
 striking at- 
 torneys off 
 the roll to 
 be entered 
 with the 
 Registrar. 
 
 Penalty for 
 wrongfully 
 acting as an 
 attorney or 
 solicitor. 
 
 Power to 
 Court of I 
 Chancery to 
 order paj-- 
 ment of 
 interest on 
 costs in cer- 
 tain cases. 
 
 hand of the aecretary of the Incorporated Law Society (while snoh 
 Society performs the duties of Registrar), or of the Registrar for the 
 time being, shall be evidence as aforesaid of the facts appearing in 
 such extract, and in the case of any person being a conveyancer 
 whose name does not appear on such list, the fact of his being so 
 shall be proved in the way in which it is now by law required to be 
 proved. 
 
 23. [40 & 41 Vic, c. 25.] 
 
 24. ^Hiere the name of any attorney or solicitor is ordered to be 
 struck off the roll of attorneys or solicitors of any court, on his o'mi 
 application or on the application of any other person, the rule or 
 order for that purpose shall forthwith, and before the same is acted 
 upon, be produced to the Registrar, and the Registrar shall enter a 
 note or minute of such rule or order in connection with the name 
 of such attorney or solicitor on the roll of attorneys and solici- 
 tors kept by the Registrar, and shall strike such name off such 
 roll, and shall mark such rule or order as having been entered. 
 
 25. [44 & 45 Vic, c 59.] 
 
 26. Every person who acts as an attorney or solicitor contrary to 
 the enactment in section two of tlie first hereinbefore mentioned Act, 
 or who in his own name, or in the name of any other person, in 
 anywise acts as a proctor in or with respect to any proceeding in 
 the Court of Probate or the Court for Divorce and Matrimonial 
 Causes, without being duly quaUfied so to act, shall be deemed 
 guilty of a contempt of the court in which the action, suit, cause, 
 matter, or proceeding in relation to which he so acts is brought, 
 had, or taken, and may be punished accordingly, and shall be 
 incapable of maintaining any action or suit for any fee or reward 
 for or in respect of anything done or any disbursement made by 
 him in the course of so acting, and shall, in addition to any other 
 penalty or forfeiture and to any disability to which he may be 
 subject, forfeit and pay for every such offence the sum of fifty 
 pounds, to be recovered, with full costs of suit, by action brought 
 with the sanction of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, in the name 
 of the Incorporated Law Society, in any of the superior courts of 
 law at Westminster, or in any county court, and such penalty shall 
 be applied in like manner as fines imposed for practising without a 
 stamped certificate are now by law applicable. 
 
 27. Whenever a decree or order is made by the Court of 
 Chancery in which the payment of any costs previously taxed, 
 either in the suit or proceeding in which such decree or order is 
 made, or in any other suit or proceeding, is ordered, and whether 
 the certificate of such previous taxation have been made before the 
 passing of this Act, or be made thereafter, it shall be lawful for the 
 court or judge making such decree or order to order and direct the 
 amount of such costs as taxed, including the cost of taxation as 
 ascertained by the said certificate, to be paid, with interest thereon, 
 at the rate of four pounds per cent, per annum, from the date of 
 
23 & 24 VIC, CAP. 127 111 
 
 the certificate, tiie amount of such interest to be verified by affidavit, 
 and to be payable and recoverable out of the same fund or in the 
 same manner as the amount of such costs. 
 
 28. In every case in which an attorney or solicitor shall be power to 
 employed to prosecute or defend any suit, matter, or proceeding in courts of 
 any court of justice, it shaU be lawful for the court or judge before oh^arge^o- 
 whom any such suit, matter, or proceeding has been heard or shall perty re- 
 be depending, to declare such attorney or solicitor entitled to a covered witu 
 charge upon the property recovered or preserved, and upon such ooSa!™ 
 declaration being made such attorney or solicitor shall have a 
 
 charge upon and against and a right to payment out of the property, 
 of whatsoever nature, tenure, or kiad the same may be, which shall 
 have been recovered or preserved through the instrumentality of 
 any such attorney or solicitor, for the taxed costs, charges, and ex- 
 penses of or in reference to such suit, matter, or proceeding; and it 
 shall be lawful for such court or judge to make such order or orders 
 for taxation of and for raising and payment of such costs, charges, 
 and expenses out of the said property as to such court or judge 
 shall appear just and proper ; and all conveyances and acts done 
 to defeat, or which shall operate to defeat, such charge or right, 
 shall, unless made to a bond-fide pm-chaser for value without notice, 
 be absolutely void, and of no effect as against such charge or right : 
 Provided always, that no such order shall be made by any such 
 court or judge in any case in which the right to recover payment 
 of such costs, charges, and expenses is barred by any statute of 
 limitations. 
 
 29. [53 Vic, c. 5.] 
 
 30. Every authority granted after the passing of this Act to any All future 
 attorney to administer oaths and take declarations and affirmations ^""^orities 
 in matters depending in any of the superior courts of law at West- ter oaths 
 minster, or in the court of the Duchy Chamber of Lancaster at " ^^^l?"' 
 "Westminster, or in any of the courts of the Counties Palatine of nJents to^be 
 Lancaster and Durham, and every authority granted after the passing registered. 
 of this Act to any solicitor to administer oaths and take declarations, 
 affirmations, and attestations of honour in Chancery, and whether 
 
 any such authority as aforesaid be to act in England or to act out 
 of England, and every appointment made after the passing of this 
 Act of any attorney or solicitor under section eighty-one of the Act 
 of the session holden in the third and fourth years of King William 
 the Fourth, ' for the Abolition of Pinefe and Recoveries, and for the 
 Substitution of more simple Modes of Assurance,' to be a perpetual 
 commissioner for taking acknowledgments of married women under 
 that Act, shall, before any such authority or appointment is acted 
 upon, be brought to the Registrar by the person to whom the same 
 is granted, or some person on his behalf, and the registrar shall, in 
 books to be kepi for that purpose, enter the particulars of every such 
 authority or appointment^ and for the entry of every such authority 
 or appointment the Registrar shall be paid by or on behalf of the 
 
112 
 
 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1860 
 
 Provisions 
 for regis- 
 tration of 
 existing 
 aiitliorities. 
 
 Saving pro- 
 visions en- 
 abling otlier 
 than attor- 
 neys to act. 
 
 Stamped 
 certificates 
 not to be 
 issued to 
 conveyan- 
 cers under 
 the bar 
 without the 
 benchers' 
 annual per- 
 mission. 
 
 person having such authority or appointment the sum of one shilling, 
 and the Begistrar shall mark such authority or appointment as 
 having been entered and with the date of the entry, and such books 
 shall at all times be open to public inspection during office homrs 
 without fee or reward. 
 
 31. For enabling the Registrar to form a complete register of all 
 such authorities and appointments as aforesaid, as well those granted 
 or made before the passing of this Act as those granted or made 
 thereafter, the principal secretary of the Lord Chancellor, or other 
 the officer having the care and custody of the lists of authorities 
 now in force for the purposes aforesaid, so far as they relate to the 
 Court of Chancery, and the clerks of the Lords Chief Justices of the 
 Courts of Queen's Bench and Common Pleas, or other the officers 
 having the care and custody of the lists of authorities now in force 
 for the purposes aforesaid, so far as they relate to such courts 
 respectively, and the officers of the Court of the Duchy Chamber of 
 Lancaster at Westminster, and the courts of the Counties Palatine 
 of Lancaster and Durham, having the care and custody of the Usts 
 of authorities now in force for the piu-poses aforesaid, so far as they 
 relate to such courts respectively, and the officer of the Court of 
 Common Pleas, with whom the certificate of the said acknowledg- 
 ments of married women are lodged, so far as regards appointments 
 now in force for taking the said acknowledgments, shall severally, 
 at the expense of the registrar, prepare and transmit to such 
 registrar, with all convenient speed after the passing of this Act, a 
 list of the persons having such authorities and appointments as 
 aforesaid, with the particulars thereof, and the places of business of 
 such persons, and the Registrar shall enter the particulars of all 
 such authorities and appointments now in force in books to be kept 
 for that purpose, which shall be open to inspection as aforesaid 
 [55 & 56 Vic, c. 19]. 
 
 32. [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65.] 
 
 33. Nothing in this Act shall extend to, repeal, prejudice, or 
 affect any provision in any Act of Parliament in anywise 
 enabling any person other than an Attorney or solicitor to conduct, 
 defend, or otherwise act in relation to any suit, matter, or pro- 
 ceeding. 
 
 34. It shall not be lawful for the Commissioners of Inland 
 Revenue, or any of their officers, to grant or issue in any year to any 
 person any such staruped certificate as is requu-ed to be taken out 
 by every person who after the passing of this Act shall become a. 
 member of one of the four Inns of Court in England practising 
 under the bar as a conveyancer, unless and until he have left with 
 the said Commissioners or their proper officer and order of the 
 Benchers of the Inn of Court of which the applicant is a member 
 granting him permission for that year to take out such certificate 
 or a copy of such order certified under the hand of their treasurer, 
 sub-treasurer, or steward : Provided always, that this clause shall 
 
23 & 24 VIC, CAP. 127 113 
 
 not extend or apply to any person who at the time of the passing of 
 this Act shall be lawfully practising as a certificated conveyancer 
 [55 & 59 Vic, c. 19]. 
 
 35. This Act shall only extend to England and Wales, save as Act to 
 herein otherwise expressly provided. a*|rand''and 
 
 36. The first hereinbefore mentioned Act and this Act shall be woies. 
 construed together as one Act. 6 & 7 vic, 
 
 c. 73, and 
 this Act to 
 
 Schedules bo as one. 
 
 [40 & 41 Vic, c. 25.] 
 
114 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1870 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1870, 33 & 34 Vic, cap. 28. 
 
 An Act to amend the Law relating to the Bemunera'ion of 
 Attorneys and Solicitors. [Jtt^y 14, 1870. 
 
 Preamble, &o. [56 & 57 Vic, o. 54]. 
 
 Short title. 
 
 Extent of 
 Act. 
 
 luterpreta- 
 tion of 
 terms. 
 
 Preliminary/. 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as the 'Attorneys and Solicitors Act, 
 1870.' 
 
 2. This Act shall not extend to Scotland. 
 
 3. In the construction of this Act, unless where the context 
 otherwise requires, the words following have the significations 
 hereinafter respectively assigned to them ; that is to say. 
 
 The words ' attorney or solicitor ' mean an attorney, solicitor, or 
 proctor, qualified according to the provisions of the Acts for the 
 time being in force relating to the admission and qualification 
 of attorneys, solicitors, or proctors : 
 Person includes a corporation : 
 
 ' Client ' includes any person who, as a principal or on behalf of 
 another person, retains or employs, or is about to retain or 
 employ, an attorney or solicitor, and any person who is or may 
 be liable to pay the bill of an attorney or solicitor for any 
 services, fees, costs, charges, or disbursements. 
 
 Paet I.- 
 
 -Agreenients between Attorneys or Solicitovt 
 their Clients. 
 
 and 
 
 The remnne- 4. An attorney or solicitor may make an agreement in writing 
 
 ration of at- with his client respecting the amount and manner of payment for 
 
 solicitor™ ^^6 whole or any part of any past or future services, fees, charges, or 
 
 may be fixed disbursements in respect of business done or to be done by such 
 
 menf ^^" attorney or solicitor, whether as an attorney or solicitor or as an 
 
 advocate or conveyancer, either by a gross sum, or by commission 
 
 or percentage, or by salary or otherwise, and either at the same or 
 
 at a greater or at a less rate as or than the rate at which he would 
 
 otherwise be entitled to be remunerated, subject to the provisions 
 
33 & 3i VIC, CAP. 28 115 
 
 and conditions in this part of this Act contained : Provided always, ^mouj,t 
 that when any such agreement shall be made in respect of business payable 
 done or to be done in any action at law or suit in equity, the amount ""der agree- 
 payable under the agreement shall not be received by the attorney be paid until 
 or solicitor until the agreement has been examined and allowed by allowed by 
 a taxing officer of a court having power to enforce the agreement ; '^3°^ 
 and if it shall appear to such taxing officer that the agreement is 
 not fair and reasonable he may require the opinion of a court or a 
 judge to be taken thereon by motion or petition, and such court or 
 judge shall have power either to reduce the amount payable under 
 the agreement or to order the agreement to be cancelled, and the 
 costs, fees, charges, and disbursements in respect of the business 
 done to be taxed in the same manner as if no such agreement had 
 been made. 
 
 5. Such an agreement shall not affect the amount of, or any Saving of 
 rights or remedies for the recovery of, any costs recoverable from t'j'^Jj'^^rties 
 the client by any other person, or payable to the client by any 
 
 other person, and any such other person may require any costs 
 payable or recoverable by him to or from the client to be taxed 
 according to the rules for the time being in force for the taxation 
 of such costs, unless such person has otherwise agreed : Provided 
 always that the client who has entered into such agreement shall 
 not be entitled to recover from any other person under any order 
 for the payment of any costs which are the subject of such agree- 
 ment more than the amount payable by the client to his own 
 attorney or solicitor under the same. 
 
 6. Such an agreement shall be deemed to exclude any further Agreements 
 claim of the attorney or solicitor beyond the terms of the agree- furtber" " "^ 
 ment in respect of any services, fees, charges, or disbursements in claims. 
 relation to the conduct and completion of the business in reference 
 
 to which the agreement is made, except such services, fees, charges, 
 or disbursements, i£ any, as are expressly excepted by the agree- 
 ment. 
 
 7. A provision in any such agreement that the attorney or Beseivatioa 
 solicitor shall not be liable for negligence, or that he shall be relieved °' fpP?"^'- 
 from any responsibility to which he would otherwise be subject as negi^ence. 
 such attorney or solicitor, shall be wholly void. 
 
 8. No action or suit shall be brought or instituted upon any such Examina- 
 agreement ; but every question respecting the validity or effect of ?°.° ^"'' "'". 
 any such agreement may be examined and determined, and the agree- agreements. 
 ment may be enforced or set aside, without suit or action, on 
 motion or petition of any person, or the representative of any person, 
 
 a party to such agreement, or being alleged to be liable to pay, or 
 being or claiming to be entitled to be paid, the costs, fees, charges, 
 or disbursements in respect of which the agreement is made, by the 
 court in which the business, or any part thereof, was done, or a 
 judge thereof, or if the business was not done in any court, then 
 where the amount payable under the agreement exceeds fifty pounds, 
 
 i2 
 
116 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1870 
 
 by any superior court of law or equity or a judge thereof, and where 
 such amount does not exceed fifty pounds, by the judge of a county 
 court which would have jurisdiction in an action upon the agree- 
 ment. 
 Improper 9' Upon any such motion or petition as aforesaid, if it shall 
 
 agreements appear to the coiu't or judge that such agreement is in all respects 
 Side''^ ^^* ^^^ ^^'^^ reasonable between the parties, the same may be enforced 
 by such court or judge by rule or order in such manner and subject 
 to such conditions, if any, as to tlie costs of such motion or petition 
 as such court or judge may think fit; but if the terms of such 
 agreement shall not be deemed by the court or judge to be fair and 
 reasonable, the same may be declared void, and the com-t or judge 
 shall thereupon have power to order such agreement to be given up 
 to be cancelled, and may direct the costs, fees, charges, and disburse- 
 ments incurred or chargeable in respect of the matters included 
 therein to be taxed in the same manner and according to the same 
 rules as if such agreement had not been made ; and the court or 
 judge may also make such order as to the costs of and relating to 
 such motion or petition, and the proceedings thereon, as to the 
 said court or judge may seem fit. 
 Agreements 10. When the amount agreed for under any such agreement has 
 may be re- been paid by or on behalf of the client, or by any person chargeable 
 payment in"^ with or entitled to pay the same, any court or judge having juris- 
 speciai oases, diction to examine and enforce such an agreement may, upon 
 application by the person who has paid such amount, within twelve 
 months after the payment thereof, if it appears to such court or 
 judge that the special circumstances of the case require the agree- 
 ment to be reopened, reopen the same, and order the costs, fees, 
 charges, and disbursements to be taxed, and the whole or any 
 portion of the amount received by the attorney or solicitor to be 
 repaid by him, on such terms and conditions as to the com-t or 
 judge may seem just. 
 
 Where any such agreement is made by the client in" the capacity 
 of guardian, or of trustee under a deed or will, or of committee of 
 any person or persons whose estate or property will be chargeable 
 with the amount payable under such agreement, or with any part 
 of such amount, the agreement shall before payment be laid before 
 the taxing ofiicer of a court having jurisdiction to enforce the agree- 
 ment, and such ofiScer shall examine the same, and may disallow 
 any part thereof, or may require the direction of the court or a 
 judge to be taken thereon by motion or petition ; and if in any 
 such case the client pay the whole or any part of the amount 
 payable under the agreement without the previous allowance of 
 such officer or court or judge as aforesaid, he shall be liable at any 
 time to account to the person whose estate or property is charged 
 with the amount paid, or with any part thereof, for the amomit so 
 charged ; and if in any such case the attorney or solicitor accept 
 payment without such allowance, any court which would have had 
 
33 & 34 VIC, CAP. 28 117 
 
 jurisdiction to enforce the agreement may, if it think fit, order him 
 to refund the arnoimt so received by him under the agreement. 
 
 11. Nothing in this Act contained shall be construed to give Prohibition 
 validity to any purchase by an attorney or solicitor of the interest, ot certain 
 or any part of the interest, of his client in any suit, action, or other stipulations. 
 contentious proceeding to be brought or maintained, or to give 
 validity to any agi'eement by which an attorney or solicitor retained 
 
 or employed to prosecute any suit or action stipulates for payment 
 only in the event of success in such suit, action, or proceeding. 
 
 12. Nothing in this Act contained shall give validity to any Not to give 
 disposition, contract, settlement, conveyance, delivery, dealing, or validity to 
 transfer, which may be void or invalid against a trustee or creditor ™^' which 
 in bankruptcy, arrangement, or composition, under the provisions may be void 
 of the laws relating to bankruptcy. runixv'^ 
 
 13. Where an attorney or solicitor has made an agreement mth p . • •' • 
 his client in pursuance of the provisions of this Act, and anything case of death 
 has been done by such attorney or solicitor under the agreement, orincapacity 
 and before the agreement has been completely performed by him Jorney!^' 
 such attorney or solicitor dies or becomes incapable to act, an 
 application may be made to any court which would have jurisdiction 
 
 to examine and enforce the agreement by any party thereto, or by 
 the representatives of any such party, and such court shall there- 
 upon have the same power to enforce or set aside such agreement, 
 so far as the same may have been acted upon, as if such death or 
 incapacity had not happened ; and such court, if it shall deem the 
 agreement to be in all respects fair and reasonable, may order the 
 amoimt due in respect of the past performance of the agreement to 
 be ascertained by taxation, and the taxing oflicer in ascertaining 
 such amount shall have regard so far as may be to the terms of the 
 agreement, and payment of the amount foiind to be due may be 
 enforced in the same manner as if the agreement had been com- 
 pletely performed by the attorney or solicitor. 
 
 14. If, after any such agreement as aforesaid shall have been a^ to change 
 made, the client shall change his attorney or solicitor before the of attorney 
 conclusion of the business to which such agreement shall relate ment."^°*' 
 (which he shall be at liberty to do notwithstanding such agreement), 
 
 the attorney or sohcitor, party to such agreement, shaU be deemed 
 to have become incapable to act under the same within the meaning 
 of section thirteen of this Act ; and upon any order being made for 
 taxation of the amount due to such attorney or solicitor in respect 
 of the past performance of such agreement, the court shall direct 
 the taxing master to have regard to the circumstances under which 
 such change of attorney or solicitor has taken place ; and, upon 
 such taxation, the attorney or solicitor shall not be deemed entitled 
 to the fuU amount of the remuneration agreed to be paid to him 
 imless it shall appear that there has been no default, negligence, 
 improper delay, or other conduct on his part affording reasonable 
 ground to the client for such change of attorney or solicitor. 
 
118 
 
 THE JUDICATUEE ACT, 1873 
 
 Affi-eoments ^^- Except as in this part of this Act provided, the bUl of an 
 
 shall be attorney or solicitor for the amount due under an agreement made 
 
 exempt from jn pursuance of the provisions of this Act shall not be subject to any 
 
 taxation. taxation, nor to the provisions of the Act of the sixth and seventh 
 
 Victoria, chapter seventy-three, and the Acts amending the same, 
 
 respecting the signing and delivery of the bill of an attorney or 
 
 solicitor. 
 
 Part II. — General Provisions. 
 
 16. An attorney or solicitor may take security from his client 
 for his future fees, charges, and disbursements, to be ascertained by 
 taxation or otherwise. 
 
 17. Subject to any general rules or orders hereafter to be made, 
 upon every taxation of costs, fees, charges, or disbursements, the 
 taxing officer may allow interest at such rate and from such time as 
 he thinks just on moneys disbursed by the attorney or solicitor for 
 his client, and on moneys of the client in the hands of the attorney 
 or solicitor, and improperly retained by him. 
 
 18. Upon any taxation of costs, the taxing officer may, in 
 determining the remuneration, if any, to be allowed to the attorney 
 or solicitor for his services, have regard, subject to any general rules 
 or orders hereafter to be made, to the skill, labour, and responsibility 
 involved. 
 
 19. Wlienever any decree or order shall have been made for pay- 
 ment of costs in any suit, and such siiit shall afterwards become 
 abated, it shall be lawful for any person interested under such 
 decree or order to revive such suit, and thereupon to prosecute and 
 enforce such decree or order, and so on from time to time as often 
 as any such abatement shall happen. 
 
 20. [40 & 41 Vic, e. 25.] 
 
 Security 
 may be taken 
 for future 
 
 costs. 
 
 Interest may 
 be allowed 
 on taxations 
 in respect 
 of disburse- 
 ments and 
 advances. 
 
 Taxing 
 officer to 
 have regard 
 to cliai'actor 
 of services. 
 
 Revival of 
 order for 
 payment of 
 
 costs. 
 
 Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1873, 36 & 37 Vic, cap. 66. 
 
 87. rrom and after the comineiicement of this Act,^ all persons 
 admitted as solicitors, attorneys, or proctors of or by law em- 
 powered to practise in any coiirt the jurisdiction of which is hereby 
 transferred to the High Court of Justice or the Court of Appeal, 
 shall be called Solicitors of the Supreme Court, and shall be 
 entitled to the same privileges and be subject to the same obhga- 
 tioBS, so far as circumstances will permit, as if this Act had not 
 passed ; and all persons who from time to time, if this Act had not 
 passed, would have been entitled to be admitted as solicitors, 
 attorneys, or proctors of or been by law empowered to practise in 
 any such courts, shall be entitled to be admitted and to be called 
 Solicitors of the Supreme Com't, and shall be admitted by the 
 Master of the Rolls, and shall, as far as circumstances will permit, 
 be entitled as such solicitors to the same privileges and be subject 
 ^ 1st November, 1875. 
 
THE SOLICITOUS ACT, 1874 119 
 
 to the same obligations as if this Act had not passed. Any solicitors, 
 attorneys, or proctors to whom this section applies shall be deemed 
 to be officers of the Supreme Court ; and that court, and the High 
 Court of Justice, and the Court of Appeal respectively, or any 
 division or judge thereof, may exercise the same jurisdiction in 
 respect of such solicitors or attorneys as any one of Her Majesty's 
 superior coiu^ts of law or equity might previously to the passing of 
 this Act have exercised in respect of any solicitor or attorney 
 admitted to practise therein. 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1874, 37 & 38 Vic, cap. 68. 
 
 An Act to amend the Laiv relating to Attorneys and Solicitors. 
 
 [August 7, 1874. 
 Preamble, &o. [56 & 57 Vic, cap. 54]. 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as ' The Attorneys and Solicitors Act, Short title. 
 1874.' 
 
 2. This Act shall extend only to England and Wales. ^^J'="* "' 
 
 3. All words and expressions to which, by the Act of 1860, intei-preta- 
 meanings are assigned shall have in this Act the same respective t'""- 
 meanings. 
 
 4. The recited enactment (section ten) of the Act of 1860 shall Exceptions 
 not henceforth apply to cases in which any person bound by articles eimrtmeniT^ 
 as therein mentioned shall before or after he enters upon the office, 
 
 or engages in the employment, have applied for and obtained — 
 (a) The consent thereto in writing of the . . . solicitor to 
 
 whom he is bornid ; and 
 (6) The sanction thereto of . . . the Master of the Rolls, or one 
 of the judges of the High Court of Justice, to be evidenced 
 by an order of such judge : 
 
 Provided that this section shall apply to the case of any person 
 bound by articles expiring after or not more than two years before 
 the passing of this Act who shall have held any office or been 
 engaged in any employment during the service under such articles 
 hefore or after the passing of this Act, and who, within one year of 
 the passing of this Act, or within one year after the expiration of 
 his articles, shall prove, by an afiidavit from the . . . solicitor 
 to whom he is bound, or by such other evidence as shall be 
 satisfactory to such judge, that the holding of such oflice or being 
 engaged in such employment was with the consent of the . . . 
 solicitor to whom he was or is boimd, and has not interfered 
 with due service under such articles, and the judge hearing such 
 application shall have power to make any order which he shall 
 think fit as to the service by the person so bound as aforesaid for 
 the remainder of the term of service of his articles, or any part 
 
120 
 
 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1874 
 
 Judge may 
 Attach con- 
 ditions to 
 order. 
 
 Proof of 
 compliance 
 with con- 
 ditions. 
 
 Notice to be 
 given to 
 llegistrar of 
 applications 
 to strike 
 names of 
 attorneys or 
 solicitors off 
 the roll. 
 
 Copies of 
 affidavits to 
 accompany 
 notice. 
 Court not to 
 entertain 
 application 
 except on 
 proof of 
 notice, &c. 
 Registrar 
 may appear 
 on applica- 
 tion, &c. 
 
 thereof, after the acceptance of such office, or as to the passing of 
 any examination. 
 
 Provided that, not less than fourteen days before any such 
 appUcatiou to a judge is made, notice in writing of the application 
 shall be given to the Registrar, which notice shall state the names 
 and residences of the applicant and of the . . . solicitor to 
 whom he is bound, and the nature of the office or employment, and 
 the time it is expected to occupy [56 & 57 Vic, cap. 54]. 
 
 5. Any such judge making any such order may in and by the 
 order impose upon the applicant such terms and conditions touching 
 the office or engagement and his employment therein as such judge 
 thinks fit. 
 
 6. Where any terms or conditions shall be so imposed, and the 
 person authorised by the order shall accept the office, or engage in 
 the employment, he shall, before being admitted . . . solicitor, 
 prove to the satisfaction of . . . the Master of the Eolls, or 
 one of the judges of the High Court of Justice, and of the examiners 
 for the time being appointed under the provisions of the Act of 1860, 
 or of any Act amending the same, to examine persons applying to 
 be admitted as . . . solicitors, that he has duly observed and 
 fulfilled those terms and conditions [56 & 57 Vic, cap. 54]. 
 
 7. Where application is intended to be made to any court for an 
 order or rule to strike the name of any attorney or solicitor (not 
 being an attorney or sohcitor making the application) off the roll of 
 . . . soUcitors ... or for an order or rule to compel him to answer 
 the matters of an affidavit, notice in writing shall be given to the 
 Registrar of such intended application fourteen clear days at the 
 least before such application shall be made [56 & 57 Vic, 
 cap. 54]. 
 
 8. Copies of all affidavits intended to be used in support of such 
 applications shall be delivered to the Registrar with the notice. 
 
 9. The court shall not entertain any such application except 
 upon production of an affidavit proving that the notice required by 
 this Act has been duly given, and that copies of all such affidavits 
 have been duly delivered to the Registrar. 
 
 10. The Registrar may appear by coimsel upon the hearing of 
 any such application, and upon any other proceedings arising out 
 of or in reference to the application, and may apply to the court to 
 make absolute any rule nisi which may have been granted by the 
 court in the matter of such application, or to make an order that 
 the name of the . . . solicitor be struck off the roll of . . . 
 soUcitors ... or, as the case may be, to order the . . . solicitor 
 to answer the matters of the affidavit, or such other order as to 
 the court may seem fit ; and it shall be lawful for the court to 
 order the costs, charges, and expenses of the Registrar of or 
 relating to any of the matters aforesaid, to be paid by the . . . 
 solicitor against whom any such application is made or was 
 intended to be made, or by the person by or on whose behalf the 
 
THE JUDICATUEE ACT, 1875 121 
 
 application is made or was intended to be made, or partly by the one 
 and partly by the other of them [56 & 57 Vic, c. 54]. 
 
 11. Where any court or any judge of any court shall upon Registrar 
 motion have ordered or directed a rule (whether nisi or absolute) may draw up 
 or order to be drawn up for striking the name of any . . . orders not 
 solicitor off the roll of . . . soHcitors of such court, or for drawn up by 
 compelhng an attorney or solicitor to answer the matters of an "'^'^ '°™ '^^ 
 affidavit, and such rule shall not have been drawn up by or on 
 
 behalf of the person applying for the same within one week after 
 the order or direction for drawing up the same shall have been 
 made or given, it shall be lawful for the Registrar to cause the rule 
 or order to be drawn up, and all future proceedings thereupon shall 
 be had and taken as if the application for the rule or order had in 
 the first instance been made to the court by the Registrar [56 & 
 57 Vic, c. 54]. 
 
 12. Any person who wilfully and falsely pretends to be, or takes Penalty for 
 or uses any name, title, addition, or description implying that he is '*^''v°''|*""y 
 duly qualified to act as . . . solicitor, or that he is recognised attorney or 
 by law as so qualified, shall be guilty of an offence under this soUoitor. 
 Act, and be Uable to a penalty not exceeding the sum of ten pounds 
 
 for each such offence. 
 
 No costs, fee, reward, or disbursement on account of or in rela- No costs rc- 
 tion to any act or proceeding done or taken by any person who dijquaiifiea^ 
 acts as ... . solicitor without being duly qualified so to act shall attorney or 
 be recoverable in any action, suit, or matter by any person or persons solicitor. 
 whomsoever. 
 
 For the purposes of this section, a person shall be deemed to ^''° '° ^^ 
 be duly qualified to act as . . . solicitor, if he shall have in qSfled. 
 force at the time at which he acts as . . . solicitor a duly 
 stamped certificate authorising him so to do, pursuant to the pro- 
 visions of the Stamp Laws and the laws for the time being 
 relating to . . . solicitors, or shall have been appointed to be 
 Solicitor of the Treasury, Customs, Inland Revenue, Post Office, or 
 any other branch of Her Majesty's Revenues, or of any public 
 department, including the department of the Ecclesiastical Commis- 
 sioners, and of the Governors of Queen Anne's Bounty, or if he be 
 a clerk or officer appointed to act for the solicitor for any public 
 department as hereinbefore described. 
 
 Any offence under this Act may be prosecuted before a eoiirt of offences 
 summary jurisdiction, in manner provided by the Summary Juris- ™oseouted 
 diction Acts [56 & 57 Vic, c 54]. before a 
 
 court of 
 summary 
 jurisdiction. 
 
 SUPEEME COUET OF JUDICATUEE ACT, 1875, 38 & 39 VlC, CAP. 77. 
 
 14. The Registrar of attorneys and solicitors in England shall 
 be called the Registrar of Solicitors, and the Lord Chief Justice of 
 
122 
 
 THE LEGAL PRACTITIONERS ACT, 1875 
 
 But see 
 p. 135. 
 
 England, the Master of the Eolls, the Lord Chief Justice of the 
 Court of Common Pleas, and the Lord Chief Baron, or any two of 
 them, may from time to time by regulation adapt any enactments 
 relating to attorneys, and any declaration, certificate, or form 
 required under these enactments to the solicitors of the Supreme 
 Court under section 87 of the principal Act. 
 
 Short title. 
 Amendmeut 
 of s. 37 of 
 e & 7 Tic, 
 0.73. 
 
 Extent of 
 Act. 
 
 The Legal Practitioners Act, 1875, 38 & 39 Vic, cap. 79. 
 
 An Act to amend the Law relating to Legal Practitioners. 
 
 [August 13, 1875. 
 Preamble, &c. [56 & 57 Vic, c. 54] . 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as ' The Legal Practitioners Act, 1875.' 
 
 2. The Act specified in the first column of the schedule annexed 
 hereto is hereby repealed to the extent specified in the third column 
 of the said schedide, except as to anything heretofore duly done 
 thereunder, and except so far as may be necessary for the purpose 
 of supporting and continuing any proceedings taken before the 
 passing of this Act. 
 
 It shall be lawful for any judge of the superior courts of law and 
 equity to authorise an attorney or solicitor to commence an action or 
 suit for the recovery of his fees, charges, or disbursements against 
 the party chargeable therewith, and also to refer his biU of fees, 
 charges, and disbursements, and the demand of such attorney and 
 solicitor thereupon, to be taxed and settled by the proper ofiicer of 
 the court in which such reference shall be made, although one 
 month shall not have expired from the delivery of the biU of fees, 
 charges, or disbursements, on proof to the satisfaction of the said 
 judge that there is provable cause for believing that the party 
 chargeable therewith is about to quit England, or to become a 
 bankrupt or a liquidating or compounding debtor, or to take any 
 other steps or do any other act which, in the opinion of the judge, 
 would tend to defeat or delay such attorney or solicitor in obtaining 
 payment. 
 
 3. This Act shall not extend to Scotland or Ireland. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 Date of Act. 
 
 G & 7 Vic, c. 73 
 
 An Act for consolidat- 
 ing and amending 
 several of the Laws 
 relating to Attorneys 
 and solicitors prac- 
 tising in England 
 and Wales. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 Section 37, from 'Provided 
 also that it shall be 
 lawful for any judge of 
 the superior courts ol 
 law and equity ' to end 
 of section. 
 
THE SOLICITOKS ACT, 1877 128 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1877, 40 & 41 Vic, cap. 25. 
 
 An Act for regulating the Examination of Persona applying to he 
 admitted Solicitors of the Supreme Court of Judicature in 
 England, and for otherwise amending the Law relating to 
 Solicitors. [July 23, 1877. 
 
 Whereas under or by virtue of the enactments of the Act of the 
 sixth and seventh years of the reign of Her present Majesty, chapter 
 seventy-three, and of the Act of the twenty-third and twenty-fourth 
 years of the same reign, chapter one hundred and twenty-seven, 
 and of the Supreme Court of Judicature Acts, 1873 and 1875, se & S7 Vic, 
 relating to the admission of persons as soUcitors of the Supreme oo^J'qQ y- 
 Court, and of regulations made under the authority of those enact- o. 77. '' 
 ments, persons applying to be admitted as sohcitors of the Supreme 
 Court of Judicature in England are (with certain exceptions) 
 required to pass examinations known respectively as the pre- 
 liminary, the intermediate, and the final examination : 
 
 And whereas under the above-mentioned enactments the power 
 of making regulations for the conduct of the said examinations and 
 of appointing examiners is vested in certain judges of Her Majesty's 
 High Court of Justice : 
 
 And whereas it is expedient that such powers, subject as herein- 
 after mentioned, be vested in the Incorporated Law Society, and 
 that other amendments be made in the law relating to solicitors of 
 the Supreme Court : 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, 
 and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 Preliminary. 
 
 1. This Act may be cited for all purposes as ' The Sohcitors short title 
 Act, 1877,' and the Act of the sixth and seventh years of the reign andcon- 
 of Her present Majesty, chapter seventy -three, ' For Consolidating ^™ '"" ° ' 
 and Amending several of the Laws relating to Attorneys and Soli- 
 citors practising in England and Wales,' and the Act of the twenty- 
 third and twenty-fourth years of the same reign, chapter one hun- 
 dred and twenty-seven, ' To amend the Laws relating to Attorneys, 
 Solicitors, Proctors, and Certiiicated Conveyancers,' may be respec- 
 tively cited for all purposes as ' The Solicitors Act, 1843,' and ' The e & r Vic, 
 Sohcitors Act, I860,' and this Act shall (so far as is consistent with I'Ji^,^- 
 the tenor thereof) be construed as one with the said Solicitors Acts, o. 127. ' 
 1843 and 1860, and with the other enactments for the time being 
 
 in force relating to solicitors. 
 
 2. This Act shall not extend to Scotland or Ireland. Eitent of 
 8. This Act shall, so far as regards the power of certain of the ■*-'^'- 
 
124 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1877 
 
 Commence- judges of Her Majesty's High Court of Justice and of the Incorpo- 
 
 ment oi rated Law Society to make regulations thereunder, and so far as 
 
 ° ■ regards the issue of notices and other proceedings preliminary to 
 
 holding the first examinations thereunder, come into operation on 
 
 the passing thereof, and for all other purposes shall come into 
 
 operation on the first day of January one thousand eight hundred 
 
 and seventy-eight. 
 
 lutei-preta- 4. In this Act — 
 
 ' The Incorporated Law Society,' or ' The Society,' means 
 'The Society of Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and 
 others not being Barristers, practising in the Courts of 
 Law and Equity of the United Kingdom : ' 
 
 ' Solicitor ' means solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judi- 
 cature in England : 
 
 ' Preliminary examination ' naeans an examination in 
 general knowledge of persons becoming bound under 
 articles of clerkship to solicitors : 
 
 ' Intermediate examination ' means an examination of 
 persons bound under articles of clerkship to solicitors, 
 in order to ascertain the progress made by such per- 
 sons during their articles, in acquiring the knowledge 
 necessary for rendering them fit and capable to act as 
 solicitors : 
 Final examination ' means an examination of persons 
 applying to be admitted as solicitors as well touching 
 the articles and service as the fitness and capacity of 
 such persons to act as solicitors in all business and 
 matters usually transacted by solicitors, and includes, 
 where any allegation is made by the Registrar of soli- 
 citors as to the moral unfitness of any such person to 
 be an officer of the Supreme Court, an inquiry into the 
 truth of such allegation. 
 
 Examinations. 
 
 Certifloateof fl. Subject to the exemptions allowed by this Act, or by regu- 
 passe^ex- lations made under the authority thereof, a person shall not be 
 aminations admitted as a solicitor unless he has obtained from the Incorpo- 
 admissioiiTs i^3.ted Law Society, or some person authorised in writing by that 
 solicitor. Society, a certificate or certificates to the effect that he has passed 
 
 a preliminary, an intermediate, and a final examination. 
 Examina- 6. The Incorporated Law Society are hereby authorised and 
 
 Maunder i^equired to hold, at least three times in the year commencing with 
 management the first day of January one thousand eight hundred and seventy- 
 o£ incorpo- eight, and in every succeeding year, a preliminary examination, an 
 Society!'™ intermediate examination, and a final examination, and the Society 
 shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have the entire manage- 
 ment and control of all such examinations, and shall have power 
 
40 & 41 VIC, CAP. 25 125 
 
 firom time to time to make regulations with respect to all or any of 
 the following matters ; (that is to say), — 
 
 (a) With respect to the subjects for and the mode of conducting 
 
 the examination of candidates ; and 
 
 (b) "With respect to the times and places of examinations and 
 
 the notices of examinations ; and 
 
 (c) With respect to the certificates to he given to persons of 
 
 their having passed any examination ; and 
 
 (d) With respect to the appointment and removal of examiners 
 
 (other than the ex-officio examiners in this Act men- 
 tioned),' and with respect to the remuneration by fees or 
 otherwise of the examiners so appointed ; and 
 
 (e) With respect to any other matter or thing as to which the 
 
 Society think it expedient to make regulations for the 
 purpose of carrying this section into execution. 
 
 Any regulation made under the authority of this section may be 
 altered or revoked by a subsequent regulation ; and copies of all 
 regulations made under the authority of this section shall be trans- 
 mitted to the presidents of the Queen's Bench Division, the 
 Common Pleas Division, and the Exchequer Division of the High 
 Court of Justice, and to the Master of the Kolls,^ and if within 
 twenty-eight days after a copy of any regulation has been so trans- 
 mitted anj' two of those judges (the Master of the Rolls being one) 
 signify by writing under their hands, addressed to the president or 
 the vice-president or secretary of the Society, their dissent from 
 such regulation or any part thereof, the same shall be of no force 
 or effect ; and if after any such regulation or any part thereof has 
 come into force any two of those judges (the Master of the Rolls 
 being one) shall signify in manner aforesaid their dissent from such 
 regulation or any part thereof, the same shall, at the expiration of 
 two months, cease to be of any force or effect. 
 
 7. [51 & 52 Vic, cap 65.] 
 
 8. Any person applying to be examined or re-examined at a pees payable 
 preliminary, intermediate, or final examination shall pay to the to incorpo- 
 Incorporated Law Society such fees in respect of such examinations socletv ^i 
 (and in such proportions and at such times) as may be from time respect ut 
 to time determined by regulations to be made by the presidents of ^p™taa- 
 the Queen's Bench Division, the Common Pleas Division, and the 
 Exchequer Division of the High Court of Justice, and the Master 
 
 of the Rolls, or any two of them, of whom the Blaster of the RoUs 
 shall be one.- 
 
 AU moneys paid to the Society in pm-suance of this Act in 
 Tespect of the preliminary, intermediate, and final examinations 
 shall be applied by the Society in payment of the expenses irom 
 
 ' Section 7, relating to ex-officio examiners, has been repealed. 
 2 See 44 & 45 Vic, cap. 68, s. 24. 
 
126 
 
 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1877 
 
 Appeal to 
 Master of 
 the Bolls 
 against 
 refusal of 
 certificate. 
 
 General 
 exemptions 
 from pre- 
 liminary ex- 
 amination. 
 
 time to time incurred by the Society with reference to such exami- 
 nations, and with reference to the lectures, classes, and other 
 teaching provided by the Society from time to time for persons 
 bound or about to be bound under articles of clerkship to solicitors. 
 
 9. Any person who has been refused a certificate of having 
 passed an intermediate or iinal examination, and who objects to 
 such refusal, whether on account of the nature or difficulty of the 
 questions put to him by the examiners, or on any other ground 
 whatsoever, shall be at liberty within one month next after such 
 refusal to appeal by petition in writing to the Master of the Bolls 
 against such refusal, such petition to be presented in such manner 
 and subject to such regulations as the Master of the Bolls may 
 from time to time direct. . . . 
 
 On the hearing of any petition under this section the Master of 
 the BoUs may make such order as to him may seem meet, and 
 where any person who has been refused a certificate of having 
 passed his final examination, on appeal to the Master of the EoUs, 
 obtains an order for his admission, such order shall entitle him to 
 a certificate from the Incorporated Law Society of bis fitness and 
 capacity to act as a solicitor, and in the usual business transacted 
 by a soHcitor, in the same manner as if he had passed his final 
 examination [51 & 52 Vic, cap. 65]. 
 
 10. A certificate of having passed a preliminary examiaation 
 under this Act shall not be required from any person who has taken 
 the degree of bachelor of arts or bachelor of laws in the Universi- 
 ties of Oxford, Cambridge, Dublin, Durham, or London, or in the 
 Queen's University in Ireland, or the degree of bachelor of arts, 
 master of arts, bachelor of laws, or doctor of laws in any of the 
 Universities of Scotland (none of such degrees being honorary 
 degrees), or who has been called to the degree of utter barrister in 
 England, or who has passed the first public examination before 
 moderators at Oxford or the previous examination at Cambridge, or 
 the examination in arts for the second year at Durham, or who has 
 passed one of the local examinations established by the University 
 of Oxford or one of the non-gremial examinations established by 
 the University of Cambridge, or one of the examinations of the 
 Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board, or one of the 
 matriculation examinations at the Universities of Dublin or London 
 (notwithstanding he may not have been placed in the first division 
 of such matriculation examination), or the examination for the 
 first-class certificate of the College of Preceptors incorporated by 
 Eoyal Charter in 1849. 
 
 The presidents of the Queen's Bench Division, the Common 
 Pleas Division, and the Exchequer Division of the High Court of 
 Justice, and the Master of the BoUs, or any three of them (the 
 Master of the Bolls being one),' may make, and from time to time 
 
 ' See 44 & 45 Vie., c. 68, s. 24. 
 
40 & 41 VIC, CAP. 25 127 
 
 alter and revoke, regulations extending the above exemption to any 
 persons who pass any examination held in any of the above- 
 mentioned universities, or in the Owens College, Manchester, or 
 in any other university, college, or educational institution, and 
 specified in that behalf in the said regulations. 
 
 11. The presidents of the Queen's Bench Division, the Common Power of 
 Pleas Division, and the Exchequer Division of the High Court of 'granrspecia 
 Jiif tioe, and the Master of the Rolls, or any one or more of them,^ exemptions 
 may, where under special circumstances they or he see fit so to do, 'r™ p"' 
 exempt any person from compUanoe with the enactments and aminationi 
 regulations for the time being in force with respect to the prelimi- 
 nary examination either entirely or partially, or subject to any such 
 conditions as to them or him may seem fit. 
 
 12. Any person who has been called to the degree of utter Exemption 
 barrister in England, and is of not less than five years' standing at °* certain 
 the bar, and has procured himself to be disbarred with a view of from inter- 
 becoming a solicitor, and has obtained from two of the benchers of mcciiate ex- 
 the inn to which he belongs or to which he belonged a certificate of ''™"^''°°- 
 his being a fit and proper person to practise as a solicitor, shall not 
 
 be required to obtain a certificate of having passed an intermediate 
 examination under this Act, and shall be entitled, on passing a final 
 examination under this Act (except so much of such examination as 
 relates to articles and service under articles), to be admitted and 
 enrolled as a solicitor. 
 
 13. The presidents of the Queen's Bench Division, the Common Power of 
 Pleas Division, and the Exchequer Division of the High Court of J"'*e^ *° ^ 
 Justice, and the Master of the RoUs, or any three of them (the admission in 
 Master of the EoUs being one),' may make and from time to time certain cases 
 alter and revoke regulations directing that any person having passed Lars' ser- 
 any examination held in the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, vice. 
 Dublin, Durham, or London, or in the Queen's University in Ireland, 
 
 or in any of the Universities in Scotland, or in the Owens College, 
 Manchester, or in any other university, college, or educational 
 institution, and specified in that behalf in such regulations, may be 
 admitted and enrolled as a sohcitor after service under articles of 
 clerkship to a practising solicitor for the term of four years, but not 
 so as to allow in any case a less term of service than four years. 
 
 14. AH regulations duly made by any of Her Majesty's judges Time of 
 or by the Society in pursuance of this Act before the first day of regulations 
 January one thousand eight himdred and seventy-eight shall come force. 
 into force on that day, and on that day the general rules and 
 regulations, dated the second day of November one thousand eight 
 hundred and seventy-five, and the schedules thereto (with the 
 exception of the regulations ' As to readmission and the taking out 
 
 and renewal of certificates,' and ' As to custody of rolls and docu- 
 ments,' and ' Provisions as to notices, &e., already given '), shall 
 cease to be of any force or effect. 
 
 ' See 44 & 43 Vic, c. 68, s. 24. 
 
128 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1877 
 
 irregular. 
 & 7 Tic, 
 c. 73 
 
 Miscellaneous Amendments of Law. 
 
 Power for 15. Where any person articled to a solicitor has not served as a 
 
 Master of clerk under such articles strictly within the provisions of the 
 
 Sif!ttougii Sohcitors Act, 1843, and the Sohcitors Act, 1860, and any Act 
 
 serv'iceunder amending the same, but subsequently to the execution of his articles 
 
 articles is hond, fide serves (either continuously or not) one or more solicitors 
 
 as an articled clerk for periods together equal in duration to the full 
 
 term for which he was originally articled, and has obtained such 
 
 & 24 Tic., certificates as he is required by this Act to obtain, it shall be lawful 
 
 for the Master of the Eolls in his discretion, if he is satisfied that 
 
 such irregular sersdce was occasioned b3' accident, mistake, or 
 
 some other sufficient cause, and that such service, although irregular, 
 
 was substantially equivalent to a regular service, to admit such 
 
 person to be a solicitor in the same manner as if such service had 
 
 been a regular service within the meaning of the said Acts and any 
 
 Act amending the same. 
 
 16. The annual certificate required by. law to be obtained by 
 every practising solicitor from the Eegistrar of solicitors, and the 
 declaration required to be delivered to the Registrar for the purpose 
 of obtaining such certificate, may respectively be in the forms (a.) 
 and (b.) in the first schedule to this Act, or to the like effect. 
 
 17. Any solicitor may practise in aU courts and before all persons 
 having or exercising power, authority, or jm-isdiction in matters 
 
 Torm of 
 
 Registrar's 
 
 certificate? 
 
 Solicitors 
 eligible to 
 practise in 
 
 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical in England, and shall be deemed to be duly qualified 
 courts. to practise and may practise in all matters relating to applications 
 
 to obtain notarial faculties, and generally shall have and may 
 exercise all the powers and authorities and shall be entitled to all 
 the rights and privileges and may fulfil all the functions and duties 
 which appertain or belong to the office or profession of a proctor, 
 whether in the provincial, diocesan, or other jurisdictions in 
 England. 
 
 18. [52 Vic, c. 10.] 
 
 19. All rules and regulations, acts, matters, and things respec- 
 tively authorised or required to be made or done by the Incorporated 
 
 SoSety may Law Society under or in pursuance of this Act, or of the Solicitors 
 Act, 1843, or of the Solicitors Act, 1860, or under any orders, rules, 
 and regulations made in pursuance thereof respectively, may be 
 made or done by the Council for the time being of the Society on 
 behalf of the Society. 
 
 20. All rules, regulations, certificates, notices, and other docu- 
 tion of regu- ments made or issued by the Incorporated Law Society for any 
 
 purpose whatever may be in writing or print, or partly in writing 
 and partly in print, and may be signed on behalf of the Society by 
 the secretary, or by such other officer or officers of the Society as 
 may be from time to time prescribed by the Council. 
 
 21. All enactments referring to attorneys which are in force 
 
 Council of 
 Incorpo- 
 rated Law 
 
 act ou 
 behalf of 
 Society. 
 
 lations and 
 other docU' 
 ments. 
 
 Construc- 
 
 tion of enact- immediately after the coming into operation of this Act shall be 
 
-to & '11 VIC, CAP. 23 129 
 
 construed as if the expression ' solicitor of the Supreme Court ' were ments refer- 
 therein substituted for the expression ' attorney,' and all enactments tOTneys and 
 relating to the examinations of attorneys and solicitors which are in examinn- 
 force immediately after the coming into operation of this Act shall *'™^- 
 be construed as relating to the examinations to be held in pursuance 
 of this Act. 
 
 Temporary Provision and Repeal. 
 
 22. All persons who before this Act conies into operation have Temporary 
 passed a preliminary but have not passed an intermediate or final {"'"^J^^^a! 
 examination, and aU persons who have passed an intermediate but tions. 
 have not passed a final examination under the enactments and 
 regulations hereby repealed, shall be deemed respectively to have 
 
 passed a preliminary or a preliminary and intermediate examination 
 under this Act as the case may be, and all persons who have passed 
 a final examination under the said enactments and regulations but 
 have not been admitted shall be deemed to have passed a final 
 examination under this Act. 
 
 23. The Acts mentioned in the first part of the second schedule Eepeai of 
 of this Act are hereby repealed as fi:om the first day of January one In^t^'f^ts. 
 thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight, to the extent specified in 
 
 the third column in the said part of that schedule. . . . Provided 
 also that this repeal shall not affect — 
 
 (a.) Anything duly done or suffered under any enactment hereby 
 
 repealed ; or 
 (b.) Anyright, liability, orpenalty acquired, accrued, or incurred 
 under any enactment hereby repealed, or any legal pro- 
 ceeding or remedy in respect of any such right, liability, or 
 penalty, and any such legal proceeding and remedy may 
 be carried on as if this Act had not been passed ; 
 And the regulations made by certain of the judges of the High 38 a- 39 Yic, 
 Court of Justice in pursuance of the power contained in section 14 
 of the .Judicature Act, 1875, for adapting the enactments and forms 
 therein mentioned, shall as from the said 1st day of January, 1878, 
 cease to be of any force or effect [51 & 52 Vic, c. 65]. 
 
 Tub Schedules referred to in the foregoing Act. 
 
 THE FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 EOEM (A.) 
 
 Registrar's Certificate. 
 No. 18 . 
 
 Pursuant to the Solicitors Act, 1843, and the Acts amending the 6 & 7 Tic, 
 same, the Incorporated Law Society, as the Registrar of splicitors, hereby «• ''8. 
 certifies that solicitor of the Supreme 
 
 Court, whose place of business I ■ I at 
 
130 THE SOLICITOKS ACT, 1877 
 
 haththis day left with the secretary of the said Society a declaration in 
 ■writing signed by (a) _ , containing 
 
 his name and place or places of business, together with the term and 
 year, or the month and year in or as of which he was admitted, and 
 hereby further certifies that the said solicitor is duly enrolled a solicitor 
 of the Supreme Court, and is entitled to practise as such solicitor on this 
 certificate being duly stamped as required by law. 
 
 Given under the hand of the secretary of the Incorporated Law 
 Society, this day of 18 . 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 Produced and entered this day of 18 . 
 
 (a) The said solicitor or the said solicitor's partner on his behalf or 
 the said solicitor's London agent as the case may be. The name of the 
 partner or agent need not be inserted here. 
 
 *j* If this certificate is stamped after the 1st January, it must be 
 produced to the Registrar of solicitors within a month of the payment of 
 the duty. 
 
 If admitted a notary this certificate should be entsred at tJte Faculty 
 Office ; if a proctor, it should bo entered in the court in which he is 
 admitted. 
 
 Foiiji (13.) 
 
 
 Declaration fcr abtaininrj the 
 
 liojiU 
 
 rar 
 
 '3 Certificate. 
 
 
 No. 
 
 
 
 
 
 18 . 
 
 I here 
 
 iby declare that 
 
 
 
 
 v.as 
 
 admitted 
 
 an attorney of (a) 
 
 
 
 , in 
 
 
 
 term in the year 
 
 18 
 
 
 [or] a solicitor of the 
 
 Supreme 
 
 Court in the month of 
 
 
 
 in 
 
 the year 
 
 18 
 
 and that 
 
 1 my 1 
 1 his J 
 
 place of business 
 
 f i^ 1 
 \arej 
 
 a3 follow. 
 
 '(b)-- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dated thij d 
 
 ay of 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Sihiiature 
 
 
 
 
 
 [Partner or London agent of the said 
 To the Registrar of Solicitoru. 
 
 (a) One court is sufficient. 
 
 (h) If removed since last certilicate stale such remo\ul. 
 
THE LliG.-VL PBAOlTriOXEBS ACT, 1S77 
 
 131 
 
 THE SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 Part I. 
 
 Etyxctvients repealed. 
 
 Session aud Cliapter. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 E.\teub of Ilepeal. 
 
 6 & 7 Vic, c. 73 
 
 An Act for consoli- 
 
 Sections 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 
 
 
 dating and amend- 
 
 aud so much of section 30 
 
 
 ing several of the 
 
 and of the Second Schedule 
 
 
 Laws relating to 
 
 as relates to fees payable to 
 
 
 Attorneys and So- 
 
 the Incorporated Law So- 
 
 
 licitors practising 
 
 ciety. 
 
 
 in England and 
 
 
 
 Wales. 
 
 
 23 & 24 Vic, 
 
 An Act to amend the 
 
 Sections 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, sec- 
 
 c. 127 
 
 Laws relating to 
 
 tion 19 from the words ' and 
 
 
 Attorneys, Solici- 
 
 after ' to the end of the 
 
 
 tors, Proctors, and 
 
 section ; section 20 from 
 
 
 Certificated Con- 
 
 the words ' and the said 
 
 
 veyancers. 
 
 Lords Chief Justices' to the 
 words ' from time to time,' 
 section 23, and the Sche- 
 dules (A.) and (B). 
 
 33 & 34 Vic, c 28 
 
 The Attorneys and 
 Solicitors Act, 1870. 
 
 Section 20. 
 
 Pabt II. 
 [51 & 52 Vic, c 65.] 
 
 The Legai, Peactitionees Act, 1877, 40 & 41 Vic, cap. 62. 
 
 An Act to amend the Law relating to Legal Practitioners. 
 
 [August 14, 187V. 
 
 Whereas it is expedient to amend the law relating to legal prac- 
 titioners : 
 
 Be it enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and 
 with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, 
 and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the 
 authority of the same, as foUow^s : 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as ' The Legal Practitioners Act, sboit title 
 1877." 
 
 K 2 
 
132 THE SOLICITOES' EEMUNEEATION ACT, 1881 
 
 Sun-ogates 2. Any surrogate or other person not being a qualified prac- 
 
 otiSr'thaa titioner who for or in expectation of any fee, gain, or reward, either 
 qualified directly or as the agent of any other person whether a qualified 
 practitioners practitioner or not, takes instructions for or draws or prepares any 
 
 not to act as '^ i • i j. i? j i. r v, j. ^ i ii "^ 
 
 such in pre- papers on which to found or oppose a grant of probate or of letters 
 
 paring of administration, shall be guilty of an offence within the meaning 
 
 oEin°g'or of the twelfth section of the Attorneys and Solicitors Act, 1874 ; 
 
 opposing but nothing in this section contained shall be construed to affect 
 
 probate°or ^^^ remedy against any such person under any other Act or Acts 
 
 letters of whatsoever. 
 
 administia- g_ The term ' qualified practitioner ' in this Act means and 
 
 vio.^ 0. 68. includes any serjeant-at-law, barrister-at-law, certificated solicitor, 
 
 interpreta- proctor, notary public, certificated conveyancer, special pleader, or 
 
 tion clause, draughtsman in equity. 
 
 Extent of 4_ rpjjjg ^jjj gj^g^i] jjqj extend to Scotland or Ireland. 
 
 The Solicitors' Eemunekation Act, 1881, 44 & 45 Vic, cap. 44. 
 
 An Act for making better Provision respecting the Remuneration 
 of Solicitors in Conveyancing and other Non-contentious 
 Business. [August 22, 1881. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Queen's most excellent Majesty, by and 
 
 with the advice and consent of tlie Lords Spiritual and Temporal, 
 
 and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the 
 
 authority of tlie same, as follows : 
 
 PreUminary. 
 Short title; 1. (1) This Act maybe cited as ' The Solicitors' Kemuneration 
 
 toTetati™ ^°^' •^^^^•' 
 erpre a ion. ^^^ This Act does not extend to Scotland. 
 
 (3) In this Act— 
 
 ' Solicitor ' means a solicitor or proctor qualified according to 
 the statutes in that behalf : 
 
 ' Client ' includes any person who, as a principal, or on behalf 
 of another, or as trustee or executor, or in any other 
 capacity, has jjower, express or implied, to retain or employ, 
 and retains or employs, or is about to retain or employ, a 
 solicitor, and any person for the time being liable to pay to 
 a solicitor, for his services, any costs, remuneration, charges, 
 expenses, or disbursements : 
 Person ' includes a body of persons corporate or unincor- 
 porate : 
 
 ' Incorporated Law Society ' means, in England, the Society 
 referred to under that title in the Act passed in the session 
 of the twenty-third and twenty-fourth years of Her 
 
44 & 45 VIC, CAP. 44 133 
 
 Majesty's reign, intituled ' An Act to amend the Laws re- 
 lating to Attorneys, Solicitors, Proctors, and Certificated 
 Conveyancers ; ' and, in Ireland, the society referred to under 
 that title in the Attorneys and Solicitors Act, Ireland, 1866 : 29 & 30 
 ' Provincial law societies or associations ' means all bodies of ^i^-i ■=• ^*- 
 solicitors in England incorporated by Boyal Charter, or 
 under the Joint Stock Companies Act, other than the 
 Incorporated Law Society above mentioned. 
 
 General Orders. 
 
 2. In England, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice of Power to 
 England, the Master of the Rolls, and the president for the time "e^e^j, 
 being of the Incorporated Law Society, and the president of one of orders for 
 the provincial law societies or associations, to be selected and remmiera- 
 nominated from time to time by the Lord Chancellor to serve veyaucmg, 
 during the tenure of office of such president, or any three of them, &c. 
 
 the Lord Chancellor being one, and, in Ireland, the Lord Chan- 
 cellor, the Lord Chief Jxistice of Ireland, the Master of the Bolls, 
 and the president for the time being of the Incorporated Law 
 Society, or any three of them, the Lord Chancellor being one, may 
 irom time to time make any such General Order as to them seems 
 fit for prescribing and regulating the remuneration of solicitors in 
 respect of business connected with sales, pm'chases, leases, mort- 
 gages, settlements, and other matters of conveyancing, and in 
 respect of other business not being business in any action, or trans- 
 acted in any court, or in the chambers of any judge or master, and 
 not being otherwise contentious business, and may revoke or alter 
 any such Order. 
 
 3. One month at least before any such General Order shall be Communi- 
 made, the Lord Chancellor shall cause a copy of the regulations and cOTp^at'ea"' 
 provisions proposed to be embodied therein to be commimicated in Law Societj-. 
 writing to the Council of the Incorporated Law Society, who shall 
 
 be at liberty to submit such observations and suggestions in writing 
 as they may think fit to offer thereon ; and the Lord Chancellor, 
 and the other persons hereby authorised to make such Order, shall 
 take into consideration any such observations or suggestions which 
 may be submitted to them by the said Council within one month 
 fi:om the day on which such communication to the said Council 
 shall have been made as aforesaid, and, after duly considering the 
 same, may make such Order, either in the form or to the effect 
 originally communicated to the said Council, or with such altera- 
 tions, additions, or amendments as to them may seem fit. 
 
 4. Any General Order under this Act may, as regards the mode Principles 
 of remuneration, prescribe that it shall be according to a scale of °t remunera- 
 rates of commission or percentage, varying or not in different '°"" 
 classes of business, or by a gross sum, or by a fixed sum for each 
 document prepared or perused, withovit regard to length, or in any 
 
134 
 
 SOLICITORS' EEMUNEBATION ACT, 1881 
 
 other mode, or partly in one mode and partly in another, or others, 
 and may, as regards the amoruit of the remuneration, regulate 
 the same with reference to all or any of the following, among other 
 considerations : (namely,) 
 
 The position of the party for whom the solicitor is concerned in 
 any business, that is, whether as vendor or as purchaser, lessor 
 or lessee, mortgagor or mortgagee, and the like. 
 
 The place, district, and circumstances at or in which the busi- 
 ness or part thereof is transacted : 
 
 The amount of the capital money or of the rent to which the 
 business relates : 
 
 The skill, labour, and responsibility involved therein on the part 
 of the solicitor : 
 
 The number and importance of the docrmients prepared or 
 perused, without regard to length : 
 
 The average or ordinary remuneration obtained by solicitors in 
 like business at the passing of this Act. 
 
 5. Any General Order under this Act may authorise and 
 regulate the taking by a solicitor from his client of security for 
 future remuneration in accordance with any such Order, to be 
 ascertained by taxation or otherwise, and the allowance of interest. 
 
 0. (1) Any General Order under this Act shall not take effect 
 imless and mitil it has been laid before each House of Parliament, 
 and one month thereafter has elapsed. 
 
 (2) If within that month an address is presented to the Queen by 
 either House, seeking the disallowance of the Order, or part thereof, 
 it shall be lawful for Her Ma,jesty, by Order in Council, to disallow 
 the Order, or that part, and the Order or part disallowed shall not 
 take effect. 
 
 7. As long as any General Order under this Act is in operation. 
 the taxation of bills of costs of solicitors shall be regulated thereby, 
 
 Agreements. 
 
 8. (1) With respect to any business to which the foregoing pro- 
 dient to '^"'^ visions of this Act relate, whether any General Order imder this 
 
 Act is in operation or not, it shall be competent for a solicitor to 
 make an agreement with his client, and for a chent to make an 
 agreement with his solicitor, before or after or in.the course of the 
 transaction of any such business, for the remuneration of the 
 solicitor, to such amount and in such manner as the solicitor and 
 the client think fit, either by a gi-oss sum, or by commission or 
 percentage, or by salary, or otherwise ; and it shall be competent 
 for the solicitor to accept from the client, and for the client to give 
 to the solicitor, remuneration accordingly. 
 
 (2) The agreement shall be in writing, signed by the person to 
 be bound thereby or by his agent in that behalf. 
 
 Security for 
 costs, and 
 interest. 
 
 Order to be 
 ] uid before 
 Houses of 
 ]\irlianient : 
 disallowance 
 on address. 
 
 Effect of 
 Order as to 
 taxation. 
 
 Power for 
 
 client to 
 agree on 
 form and 
 amount of 
 remunera- 
 tion. 
 
JUDICATUEE ACT, 1881 135 
 
 (3) Tlie agroemeut may, if the solicitor and the client think fit, 
 be made ou the terms that the amount of the remuneration therein 
 stipulated for either shall include or shall not include all or any 
 disbursements made by the solicitor in respect of searches, plans, 
 travelling, stamps, fees, or other matters. 
 
 (4) The agreement may be sued and recovered on or impeached 
 and set aside in the like manner and on the like grounds as an 
 agreement not relating to the remuneration of a solicitor ; and if, 
 vmder any order for taxation of costs, such agreement being relied 
 upon by the solicitor shall be objected to by the client as unfair or 
 imreasonable, the taxing master or officer of the Court may inquire 
 into the facts, and certify the same to the Court ; and if, upon such 
 certificate, it shall appear to the Court or judge that just cause has 
 been shown either for cancelling the agreement or for reducing the 
 amount payable under the same, the Court or judge shall have 
 power to order such cancellation or reduction, and to give all such 
 directions necessary or proper for the purpose of carrying such 
 order into effect, or otherwise consequential thereon, as to the Court 
 or judge may seem fit. 
 
 9. The Attorneys and Solicitors Act, 1870, shall not apply to Eestrictioi 
 any business to which this Act relates. a° t^iSTo'^'^' 
 
 [The General Order under the Solicitors' Bemtineraiion Act, 33 & 34 Vic, 
 1881, is printed with the Digest of the Council's opinions on ques- •=■ **■ 
 tions which have arisen thereunder.] 
 
 Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1881, 44 & 45 Vic, cap. 68. 
 
 24. The powers which by an Act passed in the session of the 
 sixth and seventh years of Her present Majesty, intituled ' An Act 
 for Consolidating and Amending several of the Laws relating to 
 Attorneys and Solicitors practising in England and Wales,' and by 
 sec. 14 of the Supreme Court of Judicature Act, 1875, and by the 
 Solicitors Act, 1860, and by the SoUcitors Act, 1877, and by any Act 
 amending the said Acts respectively, are vested in the Master of 
 the EoUs jointly with the Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's 
 Bench, the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and the Lord 
 Chief Baron of the Exchequer, or with any of them, or jointly with 
 the Presidents of the Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer 
 Divisions of the High Court, or with any of them, shall henceforth 
 be vested in the Master of the Eolls, with the concurrence of the 
 Lord Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of England, or (in case 
 of difference) of one of them, and anything required by the said 
 Acts to be done to or before the said Lord Chief Justices and Lord 
 Chief Baron, or the said presidents jointly with the Master of the 
 Eolls, may be done to or before the Master of the Eolls, the Ijord 
 Chancellor, and the Lord Chief Justice of England . . . [51 & 52 
 Vic, c. 65]. 
 
130 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1888 
 
 Victoria University Act, 1888, 51 & 52 Vic, cap. 45. 
 
 An Act to extend the Privileges of the Graduates of Victoria, 
 University. 
 
 [December 24, 1888. 
 Be it enacted, &c. 
 Kxtensioii of !• Wherever any office is or shall be open to graduates of the 
 privileges of Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and London, or wherever any 
 victori? privilege or exemption has been or shall be given by any Act of 
 Uiiiveraity. Parliament or regulation of any public authority to graduates of the 
 Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and London, graduates of the 
 A'ictoria University having the degree which would be a qualifica- 
 tion if it had been granted by the University of Oxford, Cam- 
 bridge, or London, may become candidates for, and maj' hold any 
 such office and shall be entitled to all such pri\'ileges as fuUy as 
 graduates of any of the last-mentioned Universities. 
 Short title. 2. This Act may be cited as ' The Victoria University Act, 1888." 
 
 Short title. 
 Commence- 
 ment of Act, 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1888, 51 & 52 Vic, cap. 65. 
 
 An Act to provide for the Custody of the Boll of Solicitors of the 
 Supreme Court in England by the Incorporated Latv Society, 
 and otherwise to amend the Law relating to Solicitors. 
 
 [December 24, 1888. 
 
 Whereas the office of Clerk of the Petty Bag has recently, on 
 the death of the late holder of that office, been abolished : 
 
 And whereas the custody of the roll of solicitors of the Supretne 
 Court of Judicature in England was up to that date entrusted to 
 the Clerk of the Petty Bag, and it is now expedient to transfer its 
 custody to the Incorporated Law Society as Eegistrar of Solicitors, 
 and it is also expedient to make other amendments in the law re- 
 lating to solicitors of the Supreme Court : 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, 
 and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 Freli'ininary. 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as ' The Solicitors Act, 1888.' 
 
 2. This Act, so far as it relates to the power of certain of Her 
 Majesty's judges to makes rules thereunder, shall come into opera- 
 tion on its passing, and for all other purposes shall (save as other- 
 wise expressed) come into operation on the 1st day of February, 
 1889, which date is in this Act referred to as the commencement of 
 this Act. 
 
51 & 52 riC, CAP. 65 137 
 
 3. This Act shall not extend to Scotland or Ireland. Extent ot 
 
 4. In this Act— _ ^<='- 
 
 ' Solicitor ' means solicitor of the Supreme Com-t of Judicature interpreta- 
 in England. *'""• 
 
 ' The Incorporated Law Society ' or ' the Society ' means the 6 & r Vic, 
 Society referred to under that title in the Solicitors Act, 1843. "■■ '■^■ 
 
 ' The Eegistrar ' means the Eegistrar of Solicitors. 
 
 ' Articles of clerkship ' or ' articles ' includes every contract 
 binding a person to serve as clerk to a solicitor under the Solicitors 
 Act, 1848, and the enactments amending that Act. 
 
 Custody of Roll of Solicitors. 
 
 5. The books containing the roll of solicitors, and any other Transfer to 
 documents relating thereto, heretofore in the custody of the Clerk i"corporate.i 
 of the Petty Bag, shall, as soon as may be after the passing of this of roll of 
 Act, be transferred to and be kept in the custody of the Incor- solicitors. 
 porated Law Society as Begistrar of Solicitors ; and all affidavits, 
 
 orders, and documents heretofore required to be filed or delivered 
 at the Petty Bag Office shall henceforth be filed with or delivered 
 to the Society ; and all powers and duties of the Clerk of the Petty 
 Bag in relation to the roll of solicitors or to solicitors shall hence- 
 forth (subject to the repeals affected by and to the other provisions 
 of this Act) be performed and exercised by the Society : Provided 
 that the Master of the BoUs shall have and exercise all the powers 
 and jurisdiction with regard to all the matters in this section men- 
 tioned which he had and might have exercised if this Act had not 
 been passed. 
 
 6. The roll of solicitors shall, during office hours, be open to the inspection 
 inspection of any person without fee or reward. "' "H- 
 
 As to Articles of Clerlcship. 
 
 7. Any articles binding any person to serve as a clerk to a Articles of 
 solicitor, and not registered before the passing of this Act, shall, cierksWp to 
 within six months of the date thereof, be produced to the Eegistrar, by^utrar. 
 who, on being satisfied of the due execution of the articles, shall 
 
 enter in a book the names and addresses of the parties to and the 
 date of the articles, and the date of the entry. 
 
 For every such entry the Begistrar shall be entitled to receive 
 a fee of five shillings ; and the book in which the entries are made 
 shall, during office hours, be open to inspection by any person 
 without fee or reward. 
 
 The Eegistrar may, before making such entry as aforesaid, 
 require the execution of any articles to be verified by a statutory 
 declaration or otherwise as may be thought fit by the Eegistrar. 
 
 8. If articles are not produced to the Eegistrar for entry within Provision if 
 six months of the date thereof, they may be subsequently produced '•rtides not 
 and entered ; but in that case the service of the clerk shall be wtthin dx 
 
 months. 
 
138 
 
 THE SOLICITOKS ACT, 16 
 
 Admission as 
 solicitor by 
 Master of 
 the Rolls. 
 
 Enrolment 
 of persons 
 admitted. 
 
 Constitution 
 of com- 
 mittee. 
 
 reckoned to commence from the date of the production for entry, 
 
 unless the Master of the Kolls shall otherwise direct. 
 Case of fresla ^' ^he enactments of this Act with respect to the production 
 articles. and entry of articles apply to fresh articles under section thirteen 
 
 of the Solicitors Act, 1843, in the same manner as they apply to 
 
 the original articles. 
 
 Admisaion. 
 
 10. A person who has obtained from the Society a certiiieate of 
 having passed a final examination may apply to the Master of the 
 Bolls to be admitted as a solicitor ; and thereupon the Master of 
 the Bolls, unless cause to the contrary is shown to his satisfaction, 
 shall by writing under his hand admit, in such manner and form as 
 he shall from time to time direct, such person to be a solicitor. 
 
 11. On production of the adroission signed by the Master of the 
 Bolls, and on payment of a fee not exceeding five pounds to the 
 Society, it shall be the duty of the Society as Eegistrar to cause 
 the name of the person admitted to be entered on the roll of 
 solicitors. 
 
 Striking off the Boll. 
 
 12. For the purpose of hearing any application to strike a 
 solicitor off the roll of solicitors, or an application to require a 
 solicitor to answer allegations contained in an affidavit, the Master 
 of the EoUs shall appoint a committee of not less than three nor 
 more than seven of the members of the Council of the Society, in 
 this Act called ' the committee.' 
 
 The Master of the BoUs may from time to time remove any 
 member from the committee, or fill any vacancy in the committee, 
 or add to its number, provided that the number shall not exceed 
 seven or be less than three. 
 
 No application shall be heard before less than three members of 
 the committee. 
 
 13. An application to strike the name of a solicitor off the roll 
 of solicitors (whether at the instance of the solicitor laimself or of 
 any other person), or an application to require a solicitor to answer 
 
 port of com- allegations contained in an affidavit, shall be made to and shall be 
 mittee. heard by the committee,' in accordance with rules to be made 
 under the aiithority of this Act. 
 
 The committee, after hearing the case, shall embody their find- 
 ing in the form of a report to the High Court of Justice, except 
 where the application is made at the instance of the solicitor him- 
 self, in which case the report shall be made to the Master of the 
 EoUs, who shall make such order thereon as he shall think fit. 
 If the committee areof opinion that there is no prima- facie case 
 
 ' The committee have a discretion to refuse an inquiry when they 
 are of opinion that there is no primd-facic case. (See Times, Jnlv 30, 
 ls<,)5.) 
 
 Application; 
 to be made 
 to com- 
 mittee 
 
oi & 52 VIC, CAP. Co 139 
 
 of misconduct against the sulicitor, the Sooioty need uol take any 
 further proceedings ; but if tlie committee are of opinion that there 
 is a, prima-facie case, it shall be the duty of the Society to bring tlie 
 report of the committee before tlie Court. 
 
 The report shall have the same effect, and shall be treated by 
 the Court in the same manner, as a report of a master of Court ; and 
 the Court may make such order thereon as to the Court may seem 
 lit. 
 
 Provided that any person who but for this Act would have been 
 entitled to apply to the Court to strike a solicitor off the roll of 
 solicitors, or to apply to require a solicitor to answer allegations 
 contained in an affidavit, shall be entitled so to apply although the 
 committee is of opinion that there is no imma-facie case of miscon- 
 duct against the solicitor, and shall be entitled to be heard if the 
 Society brings the report of the committee before the Court. 
 
 14. The committee may administer and take oaths and affirma- Power to 
 tions for the purpose of an inquiry on any application made to oaUis"&c?^ 
 them under this Act. 
 
 15. The Master of the EoUs, with the concurrence of the Lord Rules as to 
 Chancellor and of the Lord Chief Justice of England, or one of ^jJore"'" 
 them, may make, and from time to time alter and revolce, rules for committee. 
 regvdating the making, hearing, and determining applications to 
 
 the committee under this Act, and reports by the committee to the 
 Court imder this Act, and generally for the purpose of the execution 
 of the provisions of this Act. 
 
 Miscellaneous. 
 
 16. If a solicitor who has obtained the Registrar's certificate Jurisdiction 
 entitling him to practise neglects for twelve months after the ex- ^f ^''""'l^''*' 
 piration of such certificate to obtain a fresh certificate, and subse- certifleate. 
 quently applies for a fresh certificate, it shall bo in the discretion 
 
 of the Registrar to grant or refuse the application, subject to an 
 appeal to the Master of the EoUs, who may affirm the decision of 
 the Registrar, or may direct the Registrar to issue a certificate 
 to the appellant on such terms and conditions (if any) as he may 
 think fi^t. 
 
 Notice of the mtention to make the application must be given 
 to the Registrar at least six weeks before the application is actually 
 made, unless such notice is dispensed with by the Registrar or by 
 the Master of the RoUs. 
 
 17. Any Act or thing authorised or required to be done by the Power to 
 Society under or in pursuance of this Act shall be done by the ^"""^ be'hcK 
 Council for the time being of the Society on behalf of the Society, of Society.' 
 
 18. If any person who immediately before the passing of this compenss,- 
 Act was employed in, or in connexion with, the office of the Clerk tiou by 
 of the Petty Bag, becomes entitled to compensation under section l^tty Bag 
 11 of the Great Seal (Officers) Act, 1874, or otherwise, in respect officers, 
 
 of loss of salary by reason of the abolition of the office of Clerk of ^J ^ ^* ^"■- 
 
140 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1888 
 
 the Petty Bag, such compensation shall be paid by and out of the 
 funds of the Society. 
 ;for 19. The Master of the Bolls, or any judge of the High Court of 
 
 i" Master™ Justice, may, notwithstanding anything in this Act, exercise any 
 
 the Rolls and jurisdiction over solicitors which he might have exercised if this 
 
 other judges. Act had not been passed. 
 
 Repeal. 20. The Acts described in the first column of the schedule to 
 
 this Act are hereby repealed to the extent specified in the second 
 column of that schedule ; and the rules made by certain of Her 
 Majesty's judges ' As to readmission and the taking out and renewal 
 of certificates,' dated the 2nd day of November, 1875, are hereby 
 also repealed ; without prejudice to anything already done or 
 suffered, or to any proceeding which may at the commencement of 
 this Act be pending under any of those enactments or rules ; and 
 any such proceeding may be carried on and completed in all 
 respects as if this Act had not been passed. 
 
 THE SCHEDULE. 
 
 A description or citation of a portion of an Act is inclusive of the 
 words referred to as forming the beginning or the end of the portion 
 comprised. 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 
 1843 [U ife 7 
 Vic, c. 73]. 
 
 The Colonial At- 
 torneys' Belief 
 Act, 1857 [20 
 A 21 Vict., c. 39]. 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 
 1860 [23 A 24 
 Vic, c. 127]. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 In sections 8 and 6 the words' and sworn ; ' and sec- 
 tion 3 from ' Provided always ' to end of section ; 
 sections 8 to 11 ; section 13 from ' Provided that ' 
 to end of section ; sections 14 and 19 ; section 
 21, from 'and such registrar ' to ' and Durham; ' 
 section 30 ; and section 46. 
 
 Section 5 from ' for the judges ' to ' solicitor 
 also and,' and from 'and not as an attorney ' to 
 the first ' required,' and from ' an attorney or 
 solicitor' to 'attorney and solicitor,' and from 
 ' and if by any such ' to first ' after mentioned,' 
 and from the second ' to administer ' to ' taken 
 and,' and the words ' and they ' and ' or they ' 
 and ' or them ' wherever they occur, and the 
 words ' in the Court of Chancery ' and ' of such 
 court.' 
 
 Section 7 ; section 12 from ' as to the court ' 
 to ' Westminster,' and from ' by affidavit ' to 
 ' otherwise,' and from ' may proceed ' to ' alle- 
 giance and,' and the word ' other ' before ' Acts,' 
 and the words ' an attorney and ; ' section 17 ; 
 and section 2. 
 
51 & 52 VIC, C.\P. 63 
 
 141 
 
 Title or Short Title. 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 
 1877 [40 & 41 
 Vic, 0. 25]. 
 
 TJie Supreme Court 
 of Judicature 
 Act, 1881 [44 
 & 45 Vic, c. 68]. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 Section 7 ; section 9 from ' In the meantime ' 
 to ' appoint ; ' section 23 from ' with the 
 qualification' to 'of this Act;' and all the 
 enactments specified in Fart II. of the Second 
 Schedule. 
 
 Section 24 from 'Provision ' to end of section. 
 
 RULES. 
 
 By virtue and in pursuance of the Solicitors Act, 1888, and of 
 all other powers and authorities enabling me in that behalf, I, the 
 Eight Honourable William Baliol, Baron Eshek, Master of tho 
 Eolls, with the concurrence of the Eight Honourable Haedinoe 
 Stanley, Baron Halsbury, Lord High Chancellor of Great 
 Britain, and the Eight Honourable John Duke, Baron Coleridge, 
 Lord Chief Justice of England, do make and publish the following 
 rules for regulating the making, hearing, and determining applica- 
 tions to the Committee under the Act, and reports by the Com- 
 mitte to the Court under the Act, and generally for the purpose of 
 the execution of the provisions of the Act. 
 
 Dated this 31st day of January, 1889. 
 
 (Signed) Esher, M.E. 
 
 PEELIMINAUY. 
 
 Halsbuky, C. 
 Coleridge, C.J. 
 
 In these rules the expression ' the Society ' means the lucor- interpreta 
 porated Law Society ; the expression ' the Eegistrar ' means the tioa. 
 Eeglstrar of solicitors ; the expression ' the Committee ' means the 
 Committee appointed under the Solicitors Act, 1888 ; and the 
 expression ' Chairman ' means the person in the chair at any 
 meeting of the Committee. 
 
 PART I.— PEOCEDUEE OP AND EEPOETS BY COMMITTEE 
 UNDEE SOLICITOES ACT, 1888. 
 
 1. An application to the Committee to strike a solicitor off the Application 
 roU of Bolicitors, or to require a solicitor to answer allegations con- '° '"'^- 
 
 mittee, how 
 made. 
 
U2 
 
 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1888 
 
 Notice to 
 applicant 
 and solicitor ■ 
 of day of 
 hearing. 
 
 List of 
 documeuts 
 to be 
 furnislied. 
 
 Copies of 
 documeut. 
 
 Appoiirauec 
 at licariug. 
 
 tained iu an affidavit, must be in writing under the hand of the 
 applicant and be sent to the Kegistrar, together with an affidavit, 
 by the applicant, stating the matters of fact on which he relies in 
 support of his application. 
 
 2. A copy of the application and of the affidavit, together with 
 notice of the day for hearing the application, must be sent by the 
 Begistrar to the solicitor at his last-known place of abode or 
 business ; and notice of the day of hearing must also be given to 
 the applicant. 
 
 3. The applicant and the solicitor respectively are to be required 
 by the notices to furnish to the Begistrar and to each other a hst 
 of all documents which they respectively propose to put in. Such 
 list must, unless otherwise ordered by the Committee, be furnished 
 by the applicant at least fourteen days before the day of hearing, 
 and by the solicitor within seven days after he has received the list 
 furnished by the applicant. 
 
 4. Either party may inspect the docmnents included in the list 
 furnished by the other, and a copy of any document mentioned in 
 the list of either party shall, on the application and at the expense 
 of the party requiring it, be furnished to that party by the other 
 within three days after receipt of the application. 
 
 5. At the hearing of the application by the Committee either 
 party may appear in person, or by his counsel or solicitor. If the 
 Committee see fit, they may appoint a solicitor to represent the 
 applicant, and the costs of such soUcitor shall be paid out of the 
 funds of the Society. But nothing in these rules shall be taken to 
 prevent the Committee from proceeding in the absence of either 
 party (although not represented), if, having regard to all the circum- 
 stances of the case, they are of opinion that such absence is the 
 result of gross negligence or of an intention to avoid or delay 
 proceedings. 
 
 6. Where the application is made at the instance of the soHcitor 
 Miicito" '''' himself, the Committee may, if they think fit, require him to give 
 
 notice, by advertisement or otherwise, as they may direct, that he 
 has made such application, and of the day appointed for the 
 hearing of the same. 
 
 7. Witnesses shall be sworn, or their affirniations shall be 
 taken by the Chairman of the Committee ; and witnesses (including 
 the parties) shall be subject to examination and cross-examination 
 as nearly as may be as if they were witnesses in an ordinary 
 action. 
 
 7a. Either party to an application to the Committee may apply 
 to the Committee to obtain the attendance of any witness before 
 the Committee, and the Committee may thereupon, if it think fit, 
 authorise the party so applying to apply to one of Her Majesty's 
 Judges in Chambers for an order, in the matter of the solicitor whose 
 conduct is the subject of inquiry, to issue a subjicena ad testifican- 
 dum or duces tscum requiring the attendance of any witness before 
 
 3 of ap- 
 
 solicitor 
 iiimself. 
 
 Witnesses. 
 
 SubpcEuas 
 for atteud- 
 auce of 
 witneises. 
 
oi & J2 yic, CAP. Oo 113 
 
 the Comuiittee, aud if such Judge thinks fit to make such order, 
 such subpoena shall issue from the Central Oflice of the Supremo 
 Court upon such order of the Judge. 
 
 The service of a subpoena shall be effected by delivering a copy 
 of the subpoena and of the Judge's order. Service of a subpoena 
 shall be of no validity if not made within twelve weeks after the 
 date of the Judge's order. 
 
 A subpoena issued under this rule shall be in one of the forms 
 set out in the schedule to these rules, with such variations as cir- 
 cumstances may require. 
 
 8. After hearing the case, a report of the finding of the Com- Eeportot 
 mittee thereon shall be drawn up, and be signed by the Chairman Coii™**'^- 
 of the Committee, and, except where the application is made at the 
 instance of the solicitor himself, shall be filed at the Central Office 
 
 of the Supreme Court. If the application be made at the instance 
 of the solicitor himself, the report shall be made to the Master of 
 the Rolls and filed with the Eegistrar, or in such place as the 
 Master of the RoUs shall from time to time direct. 
 
 9. The Committee may at any time sit in two divisions, each Power ur 
 consisting of not less than three members ; and the acts and pro- ti°sit iu'"' 
 ceedinga and the report of any such division shall to all intents aivisious. 
 and purposes be the acts and proceedings and the report of the 
 Committee. 
 
 10. If the report be set down for consideration by the High ^'utit-c nf 
 Court, the Eegistrar shall forthwith give notice of the day of pou™" ^'^ 
 hearing to the applicant and to the solicitor. 
 
 11. If the order of the Court made on consideration of a report Entry on roll 
 be adverse to the solicitor, the Eegistrar shall make such entry (if °^ s"li'-'tors. 
 any) on, or alteration in, the roll of solicitors as shall be required 
 
 by the order. 
 
 12. The Committee may fix the times and places of their 
 sittings, aud may adjourn any case from time to time. 
 
 PART II.— REGISTRATION OF ARTICLES. 
 
 When articles are produced to the Registrar for registration, a, Production 
 certificate of having passed a preliminary examination, or satisfac- ?■ ^^™"?'''" 
 tory evidence that the person named in the articles is not required fioatc 
 under the enactments and regulations for the time being in force required, 
 to pass a preliminary examination, must, together with a statutory 
 declaration verifying the due execution of the articles, be produced 
 to the Registrar. 
 
 PART III.— ADMISSION. 
 
 1. Every person applying to be admitted as a solicitor shall, Notice to be 
 sic weeks at least before the first day of the month in which he s'^'=." '" 
 proposes to be admitted, send to the Eegistrar a notice in writino- """'''''"^ ^^ 
 
144 
 
 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1888 
 
 applicants 
 for admis- 
 sion. 
 
 Ilegistrar to 
 make alpha- 
 betical list. 
 
 Admissiou 
 by fiat of 
 i^Iaster of 
 the Eolls. 
 
 Objection to 
 admission. 
 
 Kotifc of 
 
 hearing 
 
 objection. 
 
 rirdcr \>y 
 Master of 
 the Ilolls on 
 hearing of 
 objection. 
 
 Order to be 
 
 iTiitler his hand, stating liis then place of abode, and the name or 
 names, and place or places of abode, of the person or persons with 
 whom he has served as an articled clerk. 
 
 2. The Begistrar shall reduce all such notices into an alpha- 
 betical list under convenient heads, and shall three weeks at least 
 before the first day of the month named in any such notice afiSx 
 such list in some conspicuous place in the Hall of the Society, and 
 in such other place or places as shall be from time to time directed 
 by the Council. 
 
 3. On production to the Master of the Eolls, after the expiration 
 of such period of six weeks, of a certificate under the hand of the 
 Ilegistrar that the applicant has passed a final examination, the 
 Master of the Eolls may, by writing under his hand, admit the 
 applicant to be a solicitor. 
 
 4. Any notice of objection to the admission of any applicant as 
 ij, solicitor must be in writing under the hand of the objector, and 
 must be sent to the Eegistrar, together with an affidavit of the 
 matters of fact relied on in support of the objection. 
 
 Copies of the notice and of the afiidavit must, at the same time, 
 be sent to the applicant for admission. 
 
 Such objection must be brought before the Master of the Eolls 
 by the Eegistrar. 
 
 5. The Master of the Eolls will thereupon appoint a time for 
 hearing the objection, and notify to the Eegistrar by his secretary 
 the time appointed, and the Eegistrar shall forthwith notify the 
 same to the ap]ilicant and the objector. 
 
 6. The applicant, the objector, and the Eegistrar may appear in 
 person or be represented at the hearing by counsel or soUcitor, and 
 the Master of the EoUs, after hearing the case, ^^•ill make such 
 order thereon as he shall think proper. 
 
 7. The order, if refusing the admission, will be signed by the 
 IMastcT of the Eolls, and shall be filed ^vith the Eegistrar. 
 
 Application 
 for readmis- 
 siou. 
 
 Notice of 
 application 
 to Registrar, 
 
 Hearing of 
 petition. 
 
 PAET IV.— EEADMISSION. 
 
 1. An application by a person who has been struck off the roll of 
 solicitors to be readmitted as a solicitor must be made by petition 
 to the Master of the Eolls under the hand of the applicant, and be 
 accompanied by an affidavit of the matters of fact on which he 
 relies in support of his application. 
 
 'i. The applicant must at least six weeks before sending in hig 
 petition give written notice of his intention to do so to the Eegistrar, 
 and within two days after sending in the petition to the Master of 
 the Eolls must send to the Eegistrar a copy of the petition and of 
 the afiidavit or affidavits in support thereof. 
 
 3. The Master of the EoUs, on hearmg the petition, may make 
 Buch order disposing thereof as he may think fit, or may refer the 
 petition to be disposed of by a Divisional Court. 
 
61 & 52 VIC, CAP. 65 145 
 
 The Secretary to the Master of the Bolls will give notice of the 
 day of hearing to the Begistrar, who shall forthwith give notice 
 thereof to the applicant ; and the Begistrar and the applicant may 
 appear in person or be represented at the hearing by counsel or 
 solicitor. 
 
 4. The order made on the petition, together with the affidavit or Order to be 
 affidavits used at the hearing, shall be filed with the Begistrar, who ^' ' 
 shall make such entry on or alteration in the roll of solicitors as 
 shall be required by the order. 
 
 PAET v.— APPEAL AS TO BENEWAL OF CEBTIFICATE. 
 
 An appeal to the Master of the Bolls from awefusal of the Appeal to be 
 Begistrar to grant an application for renewal of a solicitor's annual ^^ ""^ ' '""' 
 certificate must be made by petition, accompanied by an affidavit 
 in like manner as an application for readmission, and the like 
 notice must be given, and the like copies sent, as in the case of an 
 application for readmission. 
 
 PAET VI.— GENEEAL PBOVISIONS. 
 
 1. The Committee may dispense with any requirements of these Power to 
 rules respecting notices, affidavits, documents, service, or time, in '''■\?,™oype5 
 any case where it appears to the Committee to be just so to do. 
 
 2. All notices required by these rules may be served by registered Service ot 
 letter, and in proving service it shall be sufficient to prove that the "°'"'^^- 
 notice was properly addressed and posted. Any notice required to 
 
 be given or other document having to be signed by the Begistrar 
 may be signed by the Secretary of the Society, or by any person 
 duly authorised by the Society in that behalf. 
 
 3. The forms in the schedule to these rules shall be used in all Forms, 
 cases as far as practicable, and shall be valid ; but a deviation from 
 those forms shall not by reason only of such deviation render any 
 application, affidavit, or other document or proceedings invalid. 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 FOEM I. 
 FORM OP APPLICATION AGAINST A SOLICITOE. 
 
 To THE EeGISTBAH OF SoLIOITOBS. 
 
 In the Matter of CD., a solicitor, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 I, the undersigned A. B., hereby make application that *C. D., of • insert full 
 , solicitor, may be required to answer the allegations name uml 
 
146 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1888 
 
 last-known contained in the affidavit which accompanies this application, and that 
 place or his name may be struck off the roll of solicitor's of the Supreme Court, or 
 birtncsf. ''''^' '^*^ ™^y ^^ suspended from practice as a solicitor, or that such 
 
 other order may be made as the Court shall think right. 
 
 I make this application on the ground that the matters of fact stated 
 
 in the said affidavit constitute professional misconduct on the pai-t of the 
 
 said C. D. in his capacity of solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judicature 
 
 in England. 
 
 In witness whereof I h ave hereunto set my hand this 
 
 day of , 18 . 
 
 Signature 
 
 _^__ A ddress 
 
 * (Profession, husincss, 
 
 i or occtipaiion. 
 
 FORM II. 
 EOEM OP APPLICATION BY A SOLICITOE. 
 
 To tBE Eegisteab of Solicitobs. 
 
 I, the undersigned C. D,, solicitor, hereby make application that my 
 name may be struck off the roll of solicitors. 
 
 I make this application for the following reasons. [Here set out the 
 reasons for the application.] 
 
 In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 
 day of , 18 . 
 Signahirc. 
 
 r Address and place or 
 
 \ peaces of hiismess. 
 
 FOBM III. 
 
 FOBM OP NOTICE BY EEGISTEAE TO SOLICITOE. 
 
 In the Matter of C. D., a solicitor, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 To C. D., or , SoLiciTOE. 
 
 Application has been made by A. B., of , to the Begistrar 
 
 of solicitors that you may be required to answer the allegations con- 
 tained in the affidavit whereof a copy accompanies this notice, and that 
 your name may be struck oii the roll of solicitors, or that you may be 
 suspended from practice as a solicitor, or that such order may be made 
 as the Court shall think right. 
 
 The day of is the day fixed for the 
 
51 & 52 VIC, CAP. C5 1-17 
 
 hearing of the application by the Committee appointed under the Soli- 
 citors Act, 1888. The Committee will sit at the Hall of the Incorporated 
 Law Society, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., at o'clock in the 
 
 noon, and you may appear in person or be represented by counsel or 
 solicitor. If you fail to appear or to be represented, the Committee may 
 proceed in your absence. 
 
 The case must on both sides be proved by oral or documentary 
 evidence, UTespective of the affidavit in support of the application. 
 
 The applicant is, by the rules made under the Solicitors Act, 1888, 
 required to furnish to you a list of all documents which he proposes to 
 put in, and within seven days after receiving such list you are required 
 by the said rules to furnish to him, and to the Begistrar at the office of 
 the Incorporated Law Society, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., a list of 
 all documents which you propose to put in. 
 
 By the said rules either party may inspect the documents included 
 in the list furnished by the other, and a copy of any document men- 
 tioned in the list of either party must, on the application and at the 
 expense of the party requiring it, be furnished to that party by the other 
 within three days after receipt of the application. 
 
 You are requested to acknowledge the receipt of this notice without 
 delay. 
 
 For the Registrar of Solicitors. 
 Dated this day of , 18 , 
 
 POEM IV. 
 
 FOEM OP NOTICE BY EEGISTEAE TO APPLICANT. 
 
 In the Matter of C. D., a solicitor,' 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 To A. B., OP 
 
 The day of is the day fixed for the hearing 
 
 of your application in the matter of C. D., solicitor, by the Committee 
 appointed under the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 The Committee will sit at the Hall of the Incorporated Law Society, 
 Chancery Lane, W.C, at o'clock in the noon, and you may 
 
 appear in person, or be represented by counsel or solicitor. 
 
 You are required by the rules made under the Solicitors Act, 1888, 
 to furnish to the said C. D., and to the Begistrar of Solicitors at the 
 office of the Incorporated Law Society, Chancery Lane, London, W.C, 
 at least fourteen days before the said day of , 
 
 a list of all documents which you propose to put in. 
 
 By the said rules either party may inspect the documents included 
 in the list furnished by the other, and a copy of any document men- 
 tioned in the list of either party must, on the application and at the 
 
 1.2 
 
148 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1888 
 
 expense of the party requiring it, be furnished by that party to the other 
 within three days after receipt of the application. 
 
 The case must on both sides be proved before the Committee by oral 
 or documentary evidence, inespective of the affidavit in support of the 
 application, and in the event of the solicitor complained of not appear- 
 ing, and of the Committee being asked to proceed in his absence, the 
 complainant should be prepared to prove actual service, in accordance 
 ■with the Eules issued under the Act, of the list of documents and any 
 other notice or correspondence since the lodging of the application, and 
 to show that the absence of the solicitor complained of is the result of 
 gross negligence or of an intention to avoid or delay proceedings. 
 
 You are requested to acknowledge the receipt of this notice without 
 delay. 
 
 For the Registrar of Solicitors. 
 Dated this day of , 18 . 
 
 FORM V. 
 FORM OP AFFIDAVIT BY APPLICANT. 
 
 In the Matter of C. D., a solicitor, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 I, A. B., of , make oath and say as follows : — 
 
 • Insert full 1. *C. D., of 
 
 name and solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judicature in England, has been 
 iflLe or™° employed by me in a professional capacity for the last ten years (or as 
 places of the case may be). 
 
 business. 2. [Here state the facts concisely in numbered paragraphs, and show 
 
 deponent's means of knowledge.] 
 
 Sworn, &c. 
 
 FORM VI. 
 
 FORM OF AFFIDAVIT BY APPLICANT, BEING 
 A SOLICITOR. 
 
 I, A. B., of , make oath and say as follows : 
 
 1. I was admitted a solicitor on the day of , 
 18 , and practised under certificate from the year to 
 
 2. The reasons set out in my application that my name may be 
 struck off the roll of solicitors (a copy of which application is now pro- 
 duced to me, and marked A) are true. 
 
 3. I am not aware of, and do not know of any cause for any application 
 to the Court or to the Committee under the Solicitors Act, 1888, that 
 
51 & 52 VIC, CAP. 65 149 
 
 my name may be struck off tlio roll of solicitors, or that I may be sus- 
 pended from practice as a solicitor, or that I should answer the allega- 
 tions contained in an affidavit. I do not make this application for the 
 purpose of evading any adverse application, or of defeating or delaying 
 any claim upon me as a solicitor. 
 Sworn, &o. 
 
 rOKJVI VI. A. 
 FOEM OF SUBPOENA AD TESTIFICANDUM. 
 
 In the Matter of 0. D., a solicitor, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 Victoria, by the Grace of God, &c. To , greeting. 
 
 We command you to attend before the Committee appointed under 
 
 the Solicitors Act, 1888, at , on day the day of 
 
 ,18 , at the hour of in the noon, and so from 
 
 day to day until the application in the above matter is heard, to give 
 
 evidence on behalf of 
 
 Witness, 
 
 Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, 
 the day of , in the year of our Lord 18 . 
 
 FORM VI. B. 
 FOEM OF SUBPOENA DUCES TECUM. 
 
 In the Matter of C. D., a solicitor, 
 
 and 
 
 In the Matter of the Solicitors Act, 1888. 
 
 VicTOEiA, by the Grace of God, &c. To , greeting. 
 
 We command you to attend before the Committee appointed under 
 the Solicitors Act, 1888, at , on day the day of 
 
 ,18 , at the hour of in the noon, and so on 
 
 from day to day until the application in the above matter is heard, to give 
 evidence on behalf of , and also to bring with you and pro- 
 
 duce, at the time and place aforesaid [specify documents to be produced]. 
 
 Witness, 
 
 Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, 
 the day of , in the year of our Lord 18 . 
 
150 
 
 STAMP ACT, 1891 
 
 Articles In 
 Scotland not 
 to be charged 
 with more 
 than one 
 duty of 60?. 
 
 Terms upon 
 ivljich 
 articles may 
 he stamped 
 af'er execu- 
 tion. 
 
 Stamp Act, 1891, 54 & 55 Vic, cap. 30, 
 
 An Aft to consolidate the Enaciments granting and relatinrj to 
 Stamp Duties upon Instruments and certairi other Enactments 
 relating to Stamp Duties. [July 21, 1891. 
 
 [Only such parts of the Act as affect solicitors in particular are 
 set out.] 
 
 Articles of ClerJcship. 
 
 36. — (1.) Where the same articles are a qualification or the 
 admission of any person as a law agent to practise before the Court 
 of Session, and also as a law agent to practise before a sheriff court 
 in Scotland, the articles are not to be charged with any further 
 duty than sixty pounds. 
 
 (2.) Where any person has become bound by duly stamped 
 articles in order to his admission as a law agent to practise before a 
 sheriff court in Scotland, the articles shall, on payment of such 
 further amount of duty as, together with the amount pre^aously 
 paid thereon, will make up the sum of sixty pounds, be impressed 
 with a stamp denoting the payment of the further duty, and shall 
 thereupon be considered to be suflSciently stamped for entitling the 
 person to admission as a law agent to practise before the Court of 
 Session. 
 
 27. Save as hereinbefore provided, articles of clerkship are not 
 to be stamped at any time after the date thereof, except upon paj-- 
 ment of penalties, as follows : 
 
 (a.) If brought to be stamped within one year after date, ten 
 
 pounds : 
 (6.) If so brought after one year, and within five years after 
 date, — 
 
 For every complete year, and also for any additional part of 
 a year elapsed since the date, ten poimds : 
 (o.) In every other case, fifty pounds. 
 
 Penalty for 
 practisiug 
 Tvithout 
 certificate, 
 or making 
 false state- 
 ment on 
 application 
 lor certifi- 
 cate. 
 
 Certificates of Solicitors and others. 
 4o. — (1.) Every person who in anypart of the United Kingdom — 
 (ii.) Directly or indirectly acts or practises as a solicitor or law 
 
 agent in any court, or as a notary public, without having in 
 
 force at the time a duly stamped certificate ; or 
 (6.) On applying for his certificate does not truly specify the 
 
 facts and circumstances upon which the amount of duty 
 
 chargeable upon the certificate depends : 
 
 shall incur a fine of fifty poimds, and shall be incapable of main- 
 taining any action or suit for the recovery of any fee, reward, or 
 
.04 & 00 YIC, OAP. 39 161 
 
 disbursemeut on account of or in relation to any act or proceeding 
 done or taken by him in any such capacity. 
 
 (2.) Every person in whose name, either alone or together >vit]i 
 any other person, any proceeding is talsen in any court, shall, unless 
 the proceeding is set aside by the court as irregular, or unless the 
 contrary is otherwise satisfactorily proved, be deemed to have 
 acted in the proceeding. 
 
 (3.) Nothing in this Act shall require a stamped certificate to be 
 taken out by a person who is by law authorised to act as solicitor 
 of a public department without admission, or by any assistant or 
 clerk or officer appointed to act under the direction of such solicitor. 
 
 ■14. Every person who (not being a barrister, or a duly certifi- Penalty on 
 cated solicitor, law agent, writer to the signet, notary public, con- ""i^aiiflea 
 veyancer, special pleader, or draughtsman in equity) either directly prcpariug 
 or indirectly, for or in expectation of any fee, gain, or reward, draws instruments. 
 or prepares any instrument relating to real or personal estate, or 
 any proceeding in law or equity, shall mour a fine of fifty pounds. 
 
 Provided as follows : 
 
 (1.) This section does not extend to — 
 
 {a.) Any public officer drawing or preparing instruments in 
 
 the comrse of his duty ; or 
 (6.) Any person employed merely to engross any instrument 
 or proceeding. 
 
 (2.) The expression ' instrument ' in this section does not 
 include — ' 
 
 {a.) A will or other testamentary instrument ; or 
 (6.) An agreement under hand only ; or 
 (c.) A letter or power of attorney ; or 
 
 \d.) A transfer of stock containing no trust or limitation 
 thereof. 
 
 45. It shall not be necessary for any person reqiured to take one certia 
 out a stamped certificate to take out in England, or in Scotland, or cate only 
 in Ireland more than one certificate for any one year. required. 
 
 46. The certificates of solicitors in England and Ireland are to solicitors' 
 be applied for, taken out, issued, dated, and stamped, — certifloates 
 
 in England 
 
 [a.) In England, in accordance with the provisions in that behalf and Ireland. 
 
 of the SoHcitors Acts, 1843, 1860, 18T7, and 1888 ; 
 (h.) In Ireland, in accordance with the provisions in that behalf 
 of the Attorneys and Solicitors Act, Ireland, 1806. 
 
 47. Every person required to take out a certificate to authorise other cer- 
 him to practise : — tiflcates. 
 
 (a.) In Scotland, as a law agent or writer to the signet ; or 
 (6.) In England or Ireland, as a conveyancer, special pleader, 
 
 or draughtsman in equity ; or 
 (c.) In any part of the United Kingdom, as a notary public ; 
 
152 STAMP ACT, 1891 
 
 shall in every j'ear before he does any act in any of the aforesaid 
 capacities, deliver to the Commissioners, or to their proper oflicer, 
 in such manner and form as they direct, a note in viriting stating 
 his full name and the place where he carries on his business, and 
 thereupon, and upon payment of the proper duty, shall be entitled 
 to a certificate, which is to be duly stamped and issued to him by 
 the Commissioners. 
 Date and 48. The certificates in this section specified are to be dated and 
 
 cim-atiou of (q expire at the times hereinafter in that behalf mentioned : that is 
 
 certain ^ ' 
 
 certificates, to say, 
 
 (a.) The certificates of law agents, writers to the signet, and 
 notaries public in Scotland, and of conveyancers, special 
 pleaders, and draughtsmen in equity in England, are to be 
 dated, if taken out between the thii;ty-first of October and the 
 first of December, on the first of November, and if taken out 
 at any other time, on the day on which they are issued, and 
 are in all cases to expire on the thirty-first of October next 
 after their date. 
 (h.) The certificates of notaries public in England are to be 
 dated, if taken out between the fifteenth of November and 
 the sixteenth of December, on the sixteenth of November, 
 and if taken out at any other time, on the day on which they 
 are issued, and are in all cases to expire on the fifteenth of 
 November next after their date. 
 
 FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 Admission o£ any person — £ s. J. 
 
 As a solicitor of the Supreme Court in England, or of 
 
 tlie Court of Judicature in Ireland . . . . 25 
 
 Exeviption. 
 
 Admission of any person -who has been previously duly 
 admitted as a law agent to practise before the Court of 
 Session or as a writer to the signet to act in the other of 
 those capacities. 
 Admission to act as a notary public. 
 
 See Faculty. 
 Articles of clerkship whereby any person first becomes bound 
 to serve as a clerk in order to his admission — 
 
 (1.) As a solicitor of the Supreme Court in England or 
 
 of the Court of Judicature in Ireland . . . 80 
 
 And see sections 26 and 27. 
 Articles of clerkship whereby any person, having been bound 
 by previous duly stamped articles to serve as a clerk in 
 order to his admission in any of the courts aforesaid, and 
 not having completed his service so as to be entitled to 
 such admission, becomes bound afresh for the same 
 purpose ..... .... 10 
 
THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1894 
 
 153 
 
 Certificate to be taken out yearly — 
 
 (1.) By every person admitted or enrolled in England or 
 Ireland as a solicitor, or in Scotland as a law agent 
 or writer to the signet, or in any part of the United 
 Kingdom as a notary public. 
 
 (2.) By every other legally qualified person who carries 
 on business in England or Ireland as a conveyancer, 
 siiecial pleader, or draughtsman in equity, and is 
 obliged by law to take out such certificate. 
 
 If such person practises or carries on iiis business 
 
 In England, within ten miles from the 
 
 General Post Office in the City of London 
 In Scotland, within the city or shire of 
 
 Edinburgh 
 In Ireland, in the city of Dublin, or 
 
 within three miles therefrom 
 In England, Scotland, or Ireland, beyond ) 
 
 the above-mentioned limits ^ 
 
 And see sections 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, and 48 
 
 If lie lias been 
 
 admitted or 
 
 enrolled, or 
 
 bas carried on 
 
 business, for 
 
 three years or 
 
 upwards 
 
 d. 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 If he has nob 
 
 been so long 
 
 admitted or 
 
 enrolled, or 
 
 has not so long 
 
 carried on 
 
 business 
 
 £ .■<. d. 
 
 4 10 
 
 3 
 
 Faculty, licence, commission, or dispensation for admitting 
 or authorising any person to act as a notary public : 
 
 In England 
 
 In Scotland or Ireland 
 
 30 
 20 
 
 The Solicitors Act, 1894, 57 Vic, cap. 9. 
 
 An Act to amend the Provisions of the Solicitors Act, 1877, 
 
 relating to the Examination of Persons applying to be admitted 
 
 Solicitors of the Supreme Court in England. 
 
 [June 18, 1894. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with 
 the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and 
 Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the 
 authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 1. This Act may be cited as ' The Solicitors Act, 1894,' and shall short title 
 be construed together with the Solicitors Act, 1877, and con- 
 
 Btmction. 
 
154 THE SOLICITORS ACT, 1894 
 
 inicrpreta- 2. Words and expressions to which meanings are assigned by 
 
 lo'&iivio. *'^^6 Solicitors Act, 1877, have in this Act the same respective 
 c. 26. meanings. 
 
 Power of 3. It shall be lawful for the Incorporated Law Society, by regu- 
 
 Society to lations made under section 6 of the Solicitors Act, 1877, to exempt 
 
 iuteraediate from the whole or from any part of the intermediate examination 
 
 examination persons who have, before the passing of this Act, obtained, or who 
 
 haTOtlkcn" shaU hereafter obtain, the degree of bachelor of civil law or bachelor 
 
 certain of laws or bachelor of law or a certificate of having passed the 
 
 degrees, &c. examination required for such degree at any university in the 
 
 United Kingdom, or any such other degree or distinction in any 
 
 school or faculty of law or jurisprudence at any university in the 
 
 United Kingdom as shall be from time to time specified in the 
 
 regulations. 
 
 A person exempted from the whole of the intermediate examina- 
 tion may be admitted as a solicitor without u, certificate of having 
 passed such examination, and a person exempted from part of the 
 intermediate examination may be admitted as a solicitor if he has 
 obtained a certificate of having passed the part or parts of the 
 examination from which he is not exempted. 
 
155 
 
 COMMISSIONERS FOR OATHS 
 
 Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889, 52 Vio.j cap. 10. 
 
 An Act for amending and consolidating Enactments relating to the 
 Administration of Oaths. [M^ay 31, 1889. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with 
 the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and 
 Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the autho- 
 rity of the same, as follows : 
 
 1. — (1.) The Lord Chancellor may from time to time, by com- Appoint- 
 mission signed by him, appoint persons being practising solicitors ™™' '"'"I 
 or other fit and proper persons to be commissioners for oaths, and TOmmfs" 
 may revoke any such appointment. siomrs fur 
 
 (2.) A commissioner for oaths may, by virtue of his commission °*' ^" 
 in England or elsewhere, administer any oath or take any afiidavit 
 for the purposes of any court or matter in England, including any 
 of the ecclesiastical courts or jurisdictions, matters ecclesiastical, 
 matters relating to applications for notarial faculties, and matters 
 relating to the registration of any instrument, whether under an Act 
 of Parliament or otherwise, and take any bail or recognisance in or 
 for the purpose of any civil proceeding in the Supreme Court, in- 
 cluding aU proceedings on the revenue side of the Queen's Bench 
 Division. 
 
 (3.) Provided that a commissioner for oaths shall not exercise 
 any of the powers given by this section in any proceeding in which 
 he is solicitor to any of the parties to the proceeding, or clerk to 
 any such solicitor, or in which he is interested. 
 
 2. Every person who, being an officer of or performing duties in Powers of 
 relation to any court, is for the time being so authorised by a judge ^^jj.gj." ^j 
 of the court, or by or in pursuance of any rules or orders regulating court,*.?., to 
 the procedure of the court, and every person directed to take an aaminister 
 examination in any cause or matter in the Supreme Court, shall ^ '^' 
 have authority to administer any oath or take any affidavit required 
 for any purpose connected with his duties. 
 
 3. — (1.) Any oath or affidavit required for the purpose of any Takiug of 
 court or matter in England, or for the purpose of the registration of 2?*^ "'J' "^ 
 any instrument in any part of the United Kingdom, may be taken °^ ™ ' 
 
156 COJMMLSSIONEES l-OK OATH.S A(.'T, 1889 
 
 or iiiado in any place out of England before any person having 
 
 authority to administer an oath in that place. 
 
 (2.) In the case of a person having such authority otherwise than 
 
 by the law of a foreign country, judicial and official notice shall be 
 
 taken of his seal or signature affixed, impressed, or subscribed to or 
 
 on any such oath or affidavit. 
 Appoint- 4. The Lord Chancellor may, whenever it appears to him neces- 
 
 ment of g^ry to do SO, authorise any person to administer oaths and take 
 administer affidavits for any purpose relating to prize proceedings in the Su- 
 oatiis for preme Court, ■\\'hilst that person is on the high seas or out of Her 
 oeedJiSs'' Majesty's dominions, and it shall not be necessary to affix any stamp 
 
 to the document by which he is so authorised. 
 Jurat to 5. Every commissioner beforewhom any oath or affidavit is taken 
 
 state where or made under this Act shall state truly in the jurat or attestation 
 oatiautakcn. ^' what place and on what date the oath or affidavit is taken or 
 
 made. 
 Powers as to 6. — (1.) Every British ambassador, envoy, minister, charge 
 oaths and d'affaires, and secretary of embassy or legation exercising his func- 
 
 notarialacts .. . c ■ ^ j -□ •*• i. i i 
 
 abroad. tions in any foreign country, and every British consul-general, 
 consul, vice-consul, acting consul, pro-consul, and consular agent 
 exercising his functions in any foreign place may, in that country 
 or place, administer any oath and take any affidavit, and also do 
 any notarial act which any notary public can do within the United 
 Kingdom ; and every oath, affidavit, and notarial act administered, 
 sworn, or done by or before any such person shall be as effectual as 
 if duly administered, sworn, or done by or before any lawful autho- 
 rity in any part of the United Kingdom. 
 
 (2.) Any document purporting to have affixed, impressed, or 
 subscribed thereon or thereto the seal and signature of any person 
 authorised by this section to administer an oath in testimony of any 
 oath, affidavit, or act being administered, taken, or done by or before 
 hiiu, shall be admitted in evidence without proof of the seal or 
 signature being the seal or signature of that person, or of the official 
 character of that person. 
 
 Perjurs'. 7. Whoever wUfuUy and corruptly swears falsely in any oath or 
 
 affidavit taken or made in accordance with the provisions of this 
 Act, shall be guilty of perjury in every case where if he had so 
 sworn in a judicial proceeding before a court of competent jurisdic- 
 tion he would be guilty of perjury. 
 
 Forgery. 8. Whoever forges, counterfeits, or fraudulently alters the seal or 
 
 signature of any person authorised by or under this Act to administer 
 an oath, or tenders in evidence, or otherwise uses, any affida\it 
 having any seal or signature so forged, or coimterfeited, or fraudu- 
 lently altered, knowing the same to be forged, counterfeited, or 
 fraudulently altered, shall be guilty of felony, and liable on conviction 
 to penal servitude for any term not exceeding seven years and not 
 less than five years, or to imprisonment with or without hard labour 
 for any term not exceeding two years. 
 
02 ViC, CAP. 10 157 
 
 9. Any offence under this Act, whether committed within or Trial of 
 without Her Majesty's dominions, may be inquired of, dealt with, o^ff^n^^^- 
 tried, and punished in any county or place in the United Kingdom 
 
 in which the person charged with the offence was apprehended or 
 is in custody, and for all purposes incidental to or consequential on 
 the trial or punishment the offence shall be deemed to have been 
 committed in that county or place. 
 
 10. Where any offence under this Act is alleged to have been impounding 
 committed with respect to any affidavit, a judge of any court before "' ^i"^"" 
 which the affidavit is prodiiced may order the aflidavit to be im- 
 pounded and kept in such custody and for such time and on such 
 conditions as he thinks fit. 
 
 11. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires — Deflnitious. 
 ' Oath ' includes affirmation and declaration : 
 
 • Affidavit ' includes affirmation, statutory or other declaration, 
 acknowledgment, examination, and attestation or protestation of 
 honour : 
 
 ' Swear ' includes affirm, declare, and protest : 
 ' Supreme Court ' means the Supreme Court of Judicature in 
 England. 
 
 12. The enactments specified in the schedule to this Act are ncpeal. 
 hereby repealed to the extent specified in that schedule. 
 
 Provided that this repeal shall not affect — ■ 
 
 (n) anything done or suffered under any enactment re- 
 pealed by this Act ; nor 
 
 (/)) any appointment made under authority given by or in 
 pursuance of any enactment so repealed ; nor 
 
 (e) any punishment incurred or to be incurred in respect 
 of any offence committed before the commencement 
 of this Act against any enactment so repealed ; nor 
 
 (<1) any legal proceedings for enforcmg any such punish- 
 ment; and any such legal proceeding may be instituted 
 or continued and any such punishment may be im- 
 posed as if this Act had not been passed. 
 
 13. A commissioner authorised before the commencement of this Commis- 
 Act to administer oaths in the Supreme Court shall be deemed to F^'™" '''™'''' 
 be a commissioner for oaths within the meaning of this Act. mencemeut 
 
 14. This Act shall commence and come into operation on the oi Aot. 
 first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and ninety. SmtT"'^^ 
 
 15. This Act may be cited as ' The Commissioners for Oaths Short title. 
 Act, 1889.' 
 
 SCHEDULE. 
 
 A description or citation of a portion of an Act is inclusive of tlie 
 words, sections, or other parts, first and last mentioned, or otherwise 
 
COMMISSIONERS FOE OATHS ACT, 18 
 
 referred to as forminf! the beginning, or as forming the end respectively, 
 of the portion comprised in the description or citation. 
 
 Section and T'linjitei'. 
 
 10 * 17 Chas. 2, cap. 9 
 
 17 Geo. 2, cap. 7 
 
 4 Geo. 3, cap. 21 
 
 G Geo. 4, cap. 87 
 
 3 & 4 Will. 4, cap. 42 
 
 4 & 5 Will. 4, cap. 42 
 
 2 & 3 Vic, cap. 58 
 
 An Act to empower the 
 Chancellor of the Duchy 
 to grant commissions for 
 taking affidavits within 
 the duchy liberty. 
 
 An Act for taking and 
 swearing affidavits to be 
 made use of in any of 
 the courts of the county 
 palatine of Lancaster. 
 
 An Act for taking and 
 swearing affidavits to be 
 made use of in any of 
 the courts of the county 
 palatine of Durham. 
 
 An Act to regulate the 
 payment of salaries and 
 allowances to British 
 consuls at foreign ports, 
 and the disbursements 
 at such ports for certain 
 public purposes. 
 
 An Act for the further 
 amendment of the law 
 and the better advance- 
 ment of justice. 
 
 An Act to facilitate the 
 taking of affidavits and 
 affirmations in the Court 
 of the Vice Warden of 
 the Stannaries of Corn- 
 wall. 
 
 An Act to make further 
 provision for the ad- 
 ministration of justice 
 and for improving the 
 practice and proceed- 
 ings in the Courts of the 
 Stannaries of Cornwall. 
 
 Extent of P.epefil. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 The whole Act 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section 20. 
 
 Section 42. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section C from 
 ' and that any 
 commissioner.' 
 
52 VIC, CAP. 10 
 
 159 
 
 Section and Chapter. 
 5 & G Vic, cap. 103 . 
 
 G A 7 Vic, cap. 82 . 
 11 & 12 Vie., cap. 10 
 
 15 & 16 Vic, cap. 76 
 
 15 * 16 Vic, cap. 86 
 
 10 & 17 Vic, cap. 70 
 
 16 & 17 Vic, cap. 78 
 
 17 & 18 Vie., cap. 78 
 
 18 & 19 Vic, cap. 42 
 
 Title. 
 
 An Act for abolishing cer- 
 tain offices of the High 
 Court of Chancery in 
 England. 
 
 An Act the title of which be- 
 gins with the words ' An 
 Act for extending,' and 
 ends with the words ' ex- 
 amination of witnesses.' 
 
 An Act for empowering 
 certain officers of the 
 High Court of Chancery 
 to administer oaths and 
 take declarations and 
 affirmations. 
 
 The Common Law Pro- 
 cedure Act, 1852. 
 
 An Act to amend the 
 practice and course of 
 proceeding in the High 
 Court of Chancery. 
 
 The Lunacy Regulation 
 Act, 1853. 
 
 An Act relating to the 
 appointment of persons 
 to administer oaths in 
 Chancery, and to affi- 
 davits made for pur- 
 poses connected with 
 registration. 
 
 The Admiralty Court Act, 
 1854. 
 
 An Act to enable British 
 diplomatic and consular 
 agents abroad to admin- 
 ister oaths and do nota- 
 rial acts. 
 
 Extent of Repeal. 
 
 Sections 7 and 8. 
 
 Sections 1 to 4. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section 23. 
 
 Sections 22, 23, and 
 24. 
 
 Section 57. 
 The whole Act. 
 
 Section 6 from 'and 
 any examiner ' to 
 the end of the 
 section. 
 
 Sections 7 to 11. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 
160 
 
 COMMISSIONERS FOE OATHS ACT, 1891 
 
 Section and Chapter. 
 
 Title. 
 
 Extent of Eepcal. 
 
 18 & 19 Vic, cap. 134 
 
 An Act the title of which 
 begins with the words 
 ' An Act to make fur' 
 ther provision,' and 
 ends with the words 
 ' leasing and sale there- 
 of.' 
 
 Section 15. 
 
 20 & 21 Vic, cap. 77 
 
 21 & 22 Vic, cap. 95 
 
 21 * 22 Vic, cap. 108 
 
 22 Vic, cap. 10 
 
 28 * 29 Vic, cap. 104 
 
 32 A 33 Vic, cap. 38 
 40 .t 41 Vic, cap. 25 
 
 All Act to amend the law 
 relating to probates and 
 letters of administration 
 in England. 
 
 An Act to amend the Act 
 of the twentieth and 
 twenty - first Victoria, 
 chapter seventy-seven. 
 
 An Act to amend the Act 
 of the twentieth and 
 twenty - first Victoria, 
 cliapter eighty-five. 
 
 An Act the title of which 
 begins with the words 
 ' An Act to enable,' 
 and ends with the words 
 ' of the Exchequer.' 
 
 The Crown Suits, &e., Act, 
 1865. 
 
 The Bails Act, 1809 . 
 The Solicitors Act, 1877 
 
 Section 27 to ' Pro- 
 vided that ' and 
 from ' and any 
 person who ' to 
 cud of section. 
 
 Sections 30 to 34. 
 
 Sections 20 to 23. 
 
 The whole Act ex- 
 cept section 5. 
 
 Sections 18, 43, 
 and 44. 
 
 The whole Act. 
 Section IS. 
 
 Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1891, 54 & 55 Vic, cap. 50. 
 
 An Act to amend the Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889. 
 
 [August 5, 1891. 
 ^yhereas doubts have been entertained wliether the power.s to 
 administer oaths and take affidavits conferred on a commissioner 
 
54 & oj VIC, CAP. 50 161 
 
 for oaths by the Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889, extend to oaths 62 & 53 Vic 
 and affidavits required by special provisions to be made before a °' 
 justice of the peace, or any particular person or officer, and it is ex- 
 pedient to remove such doubts : 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, 
 liy and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, 
 and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 1. Where by or under the Merchant Shipping Acts, 1854 to Affldavit,&c. 
 1889, or the Customs Consohdation Act, 1876, or the Patents, Se^'before 
 Designs, and Trade Marks Acts, 1883 to 1888, or the Pawnbrokers commis- 
 Act, 1872, or Acts amending the same respectively, any oath or sionerat 
 affidavit is required to be taken or made before any particular per- ""^ ^ '""^' 
 son or officer, whether having special authority or otherwise, and 
 whether at any particular place, or within any specified limits or 
 otherwise, such oath or affidavit may be taken or made before a 
 commissioner for oaths, at any place, and shall be as effectual to all 
 
 intents and purposes as if taken or made before such person or 
 officer, and at any particular place or within specified limits. 
 
 2. In section 6 of the Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889, Amendment 
 after the words ' considar agent ' shall be inserted the words vio.^c^io' 
 'acting consul-general, acting vice-consul, and acting consular s. 6, as 
 
 agent.' consuiM 
 
 3. This Act shall be read with the Conunissioners for Oaths agent. 
 Act, 1889, and may be cited as The Commissioners for Oaths Act, oonstmc- 
 1891, and the Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889, and this Act may tion ami 
 be cited together as The Commissioners for Oaths Acts, 1889 and =''°'"' '"'«• 
 1S91. 
 
 M 
 
162 THE COLONIAL ATTORNEYS' RELIEF ACT 
 
 COLONIAL SOLICITORS ACTS 
 
 The Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act, 20 & 21 Vic, cap. 39. 
 
 An Act to regulate the Admission of Attorneys and Solicitors of 
 Colonial Courts in Her Majesty's Superior Courts of Law and 
 Equity in Englamd, in certain Cases. [August 17, 18§7. 
 
 Preamble, &e. [55 & 56 Vic, cap. 19]. ' 
 
 Short title. !• This Act may for all purposes be cited as 'The Colonial 
 
 Attorneys' Belief Act.' 
 
 wiien Act to 2. This Act shall not take effect in any one or more of Her 
 
 come into Majesty's colonies or ■ dependencies until Her Majesty has, by 
 
 "^"' ' ' Order in Council, to be made as hereinafter mentioned, directed 
 
 the same to come into operation in respect to such colony or 
 
 dependency. 
 
 Attorneys 3. All persons who, being subjects of the British Cro'wn, have 
 
 ■Mi soiici- jjggjj Qj. ghaU hereafter be duly admitted and enrolled as attorneys 
 
 colonial and solicitors in the Superior Courts of Law and Equity in those of 
 
 courts to be Her Majesty's colonies or dependencies where the system of juris- 
 
 com-ts*af law prudence is founded on or assimilated to the Common Law and 
 
 nnd equity Principles of Equity as administered in England, and where full 
 
 in England. ggj.yi(;e under articles of clerkship to an attorney-at-law for the 
 
 space of five years at the least, and an examination to test the 
 
 qualification of candidates are or may be required previous to such 
 
 afdmission, save only in the case of persons previously admitted as 
 
 attorneys or solicitors in the Superior Courts of Law or Equity in 
 
 England, such colonies or dependencies to be from time to time 
 
 specified in and by Order in Council, as hereinafter provided, shall 
 
 and may be admitted . . . solicitors in the High Court ... in 
 
 England, subject as hereinafter provided [55 & 56 Vic, cap. 19]. 
 
 No person to 4. No person shall be deemed qualified to be admitted as . . . 
 
 '^ '^^fl^^ solicitor, under the provisions of this Act, unless he shall pass such 
 
 unless he examination' to test his fitness and capacity as hereinafter provided, 
 
 shall pass an and shall produce at such examination a certificate from the pre- 
 
 ' But see 37 & 38 Vic, c 41 (An Act to amend the Colonial 
 Attorneys' Relief Act). 
 
20 & 21 VIC, CAP, 39 163 
 
 siding Judge of the Superior Court of Common Law in the colony examiDa- 
 or dependency ■where such person shall have been duly admitted an pr^'uc°"*a 
 attorney and soUcitor, and stating the amount of the stamps which certificate 
 have been paid by such person on his articles of clerkship and ad- *„a™*''f ^v 
 mission to practice in such colony, in the form or to the effect as court where 
 contained in schedule (A) hereunto annexed, and shall further make ''« was 
 affidavit (in such manner as shall be provided by order or regulation " ""''*^- 
 to be made by the judges of the Superior Courts of Common Law 
 and the Master of the Eolls respectively, as hereinafter provided) 
 that he is resident within the jurisdiction of the said Superior 
 Courts of Law and Equity in England, and that he has ceased, for 
 the space of twelve calendar months at the least, to practise as 
 attorney or soHcitor in any Colonial Court of Law [55 k 56 
 Vic, cap. 19]. 
 
 5. It shall be lawful ... for the Master of the Bolls, as and J^f^^^,f 
 when any person shall seek as aforesaid to be admitted as a solicitor to appoint 
 ... at any time before he . . . shall admit or issue a fiat for the examiners. 
 admission of any such person as aforesaid, to examine and inquire 
 
 by such ways and means as he . . . shall think proper touching 
 the qualification and the fitness or capacity of such person . . . 
 and for that purpose it shall be lawful for him . . . from time to 
 time, as application for admission as aforesaid shall be made, to 
 appoint such persons as examiners, and to make such orders and 
 regulations for conducting such examination as he . . . shall think 
 proper . . . and if by such examination the Master of the Eolls 
 shall be satisfied that such person is duly qualified and fit and 
 competent to be admitted to act as a solicitor, thsn, and not other- 
 wise, he is hereby authorised and required ... to cause him to 
 be admitted a solicitor . . . and his name to be enrolled as a 
 solicitor . . . which admission shall be written on parchment, and 
 signed by the Master of the Bolls, and shall be stamped with the 
 stamps after mentioned [51 & 52 Vic, c 65] [55 & 56 Vic, c 19]. 
 
 6. The admission of any person as . . . solicitor under the .pro- stamp 
 visions of this Act shall be stamped with the stamps by law required 'J'J*'?^ ?n 
 to be impressed on the admission of . . . solicitors in England 
 
 . . . and the admission first obtained shall be impressed with 
 such further stamp as shall, together with the amount of stamps 
 paid on articles of clerkship and admission in the colony (to be 
 ascertained as hereinafter provided), be equal in amount to the 
 sum by law payable on articles of clerkship in England [55 & 56 
 Vic, c. 19]. 
 
 7. Her Majesty may from time to time, by Order in Council, Power to 
 direct this Act to come into operation as to any one or more of Her j^^orderfif ' 
 Majesty's colonies or dependencies, and thereupon, but not other- Council, to 
 wise, the provisions of this Act shall apply to persons duly admitted f Jj°*(,*^^|. 
 as attorneys and solicitors in the Superior Courts of Law and Equity into ope?™" 
 in such colonies or dependencies ; but no such Order in Council tion in any 
 shaU. be made in respect of any colony, except upon application """ °^ "'°'^° 
 
 M 2 
 
164 THE COLONIAL ATTORNEYS' RELIEF ACT, 1874 
 
 colony or made by the Governor or person exercising the functions of 
 depeudeucy. (jovemor of such colony or dependency, and until it shall be shown 
 to the satisfaction of Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for 
 the Colonies that the system of jurisprudence as administered in 
 such colony or dependency, and the quahfication for admission as 
 an attorney or solicitor in the Superior Courts of Law and Equity 
 in such colony or dependency, answer to and fulfil the conditions 
 specified in section 3 hereinbefore contained, and also that the 
 . . . soUcitors of the Superior Courts of Law or Equity in 
 England are admitted as attorneys and solicitors in the Superior 
 Courts of Law and Equity of such colony or dependency, on 
 production of their certificates of admission in the English Courts, 
 without service or examination in the colony or dependency 
 [55 & 56 Vic, c. 19]. 
 
 SCHEDULE (A.) 
 
 To all whom it may concern, I [Name and style of Judge] do hereby 
 certify, that [Terms of certificate of admission granted to the attorney in 
 tlie colony], and that the said [attorney's name] is now duly enrolled as 
 an attorney-at-law and solicitor in this colony, and entitled to practise 
 as such ; and further, that no charge or accusation has been established 
 or is pending against the said [ ] in such his professional 
 
 character or otherwise affecting his fair fame and repute. And I find 
 that the sum of £ was paid on articles of clerkship when 
 
 the said was articled, and the sum of £ 
 
 on the certificate of admission when he was admitted to practise as 
 aforesaid. [To be signed and attested in the manner usual in otlicr 
 certificates granted by the Judge.] 
 
 Examioa- 
 tion and 
 ceasing to 
 practise 
 dispensed 
 ■witli where 
 colonial 
 attorney or 
 solicitor has 
 actually ■ 
 practised for 
 seven years, 
 and passed 
 examination 
 previous bo 
 admission. 
 
 The Colonial Attorneys' Relief Amendment Act, 37 & 38 Yic, 
 
 CAP. 41. 
 
 An Act to amend tlie Colonial Attoi'neya' Belief Act. 
 
 [July 30, 1874. 
 Preamble, &c. [56 & 57 Vic, cap. 54]. 
 
 1. So much of the Colonial Attorneys' Relief Act as enacts that 
 no person shall be deemed qualified to be admitted as attorney or 
 solicitor under the provisions of the said Act unless he shall pass an 
 examination to test his fitness and capacity, and shall further make 
 affidavit that he has ceased for the space of twelve calendar months 
 at the least to practise as attorney or solicitor in any colonial com^t 
 of law, and also so much of the said Act and of any orders and 
 regulations made thereunder as relate to such examination, shall 
 not apply to nor shall comphance therewith respectively be required 
 of any person seeking to be admitted as attorney or solicitor under 
 the provisions of the said Act who shall have been in actual practice 
 
THE COLONIAL ATTOENEYS' RELIEF ACT, 1884 165 
 
 for the period of seven years at the least as attorney and solicitor 
 in any colony or dependency as to which an Order in Council has 
 been or may be made as mentioned in the said Act, and who shall 
 have served tmder articles and passed an examination previously 
 to his admission as attorney or solicitor in any such colony or 
 dependency. 
 
 2. The expression 'The Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act' shall Siiort title. 
 henceforth be deemed to include this Act. 
 
 The Colonial Attorneys' Relief Act Amendment Act, 1884, 
 47 & 48 Vic, cap. 24. 
 
 An Act to amend the Colonial Attoimeys' Belief Act. 
 
 [July 3, 1884. 
 
 \Yhereas it is expedient to extend the provisions of the Colonial 20 & 21 Vic, 
 Attorneys' Belief Act as to certain colonies or dependencies : '^■^^ 'as t ■ 
 
 Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, e. 41. 
 by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, 
 and by the authority of the same, as follows : 
 
 1. Upon application made by the governor or person exercising Extension of 
 the functions of governor of any of Her Majesty's colonies or 20 & 21 Tic, 
 dependencies, and after it has been shown to the satisfaction of Her 38 Vic, c. 41, 
 Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, that the to colony on 
 system of jurisprudence as administered in such colony or depen- ofGOTeJ.nor 
 dency answers to and fulfils the conditions specified in section &o. ' 
 
 3 of the Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act, and also that the 
 attorneys and solicitors of the Superior Courts of Law or Equity in 
 England are admitted as attorneys and solicitors in the Superior 
 Courts of Law and Equity of such colony or dependency, on pro- 
 duction of their Certificates of admission in the English courts, 
 without service in the colony or dependency or examination, except 
 in the laws of the colony or dependency in so far as they differ 
 from the laws of England, Her Majesty may from time to time by 
 Order in Council direct the Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act to come 
 into operation as to such colony or dependency, although persons 
 may in certain cases be admitted as attorneys or sohcitors in such 
 colony or dependency without possessing aU the qualifications for 
 admission or having fulfilled the conditions specified in the said 
 section 3, and thereupon, but not otherwise, the provisions of 
 the Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act shall apply to persons duly 
 admitted as attorneys and sohcitors in such colony or dependency 
 after service and examination; that is to say, no attorney or 
 solicitor of any such colony or dependency shall be admitted as a 
 solicitor of the Supreme Court in England unless, in addition to the 
 
166 COLONIAL ATTOENEYS' AMENDMENT ACT 
 
 requirements of the Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act, he prove by 
 affidavit that he has served for five years under articles of clerkship 
 to a solicitor or attorney-at-law in such colony or dependency, and 
 passed an examination to test his fitness and capacity, before he 
 was admitted an attorney or solicitor in such colony or dependency, 
 and further that he has since been in actual practice as attorney or 
 solicitor in such colony or dependency for the period of seven years 
 at the least. 
 Short title. 2. This Act may be cited as ' The Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act 
 
 Amendment Act, 1884.' 
 
1G7 
 
 THE LIBRARY OF THE SOCIETY 
 
 The library consists of three parts, the middle library and the two 
 ■wings, north and south. Its dimensions are as follows : — The 
 middle part, 55 feet by 31^ feet and 23^ feet high ; each of the 
 wings, 49^ feet by 28|^ feet and 23J feet high. The middle library 
 contains 3,740 vols., composed of the following classes of works ; — 
 
 Vols. 
 
 English, Irish, and Scotch Eeports .... 2,338 
 
 Modem law books 812 
 
 Legal periodicals 213 
 
 Works of general reference 200 
 
 Modern Acts of Parliament 179 
 
 The north wing contains 5,655 vols., composed of the following 
 classes of works : — 
 
 Acts of Parliament : public, private, local, and personal 
 
 Colonial Acts and Ordinances 
 
 Indian law books . 
 
 American law books 
 
 French law books . 
 
 Italian and Boman law books 
 
 Latin and Greek Classics 
 
 London Directories 
 
 London Gazettes . 
 
 Old law books 
 
 Trials 
 
 Vols. 
 
 1,000 
 850 
 250 
 418 
 309 
 220 
 283 
 172 
 507 
 
 1,256 
 296 
 
 The sonth wing contains 9,012 vols., composed of the following 
 classes of works : — 
 
 Vols. 
 
 History 600 
 
 Biography 405 
 
 Geography 180 
 
 English Uterature 287 
 
 Calendars of State Papers and Chronicles and Memo- 
 rials of Great Britain and Ireland .... 481 
 
168 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 Cyclopsedias and Dictionaries 
 
 Parliamentary Debates . 
 
 Journals of Houses of Lords and Commons 
 
 Almanacs 
 
 Abridgments of Patents 
 
 Antiquities 
 
 Army and Navy Lists 
 
 Belles-lettres . 
 
 Bibliography . 
 
 British Topography 
 
 Genealogy 
 
 Law Lists 
 
 Public Eecords 
 
 Reviews and Magazines 
 
 Theology 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 Vols. 
 250 
 53() 
 318 
 200 
 110 
 240 
 200 
 300 
 250 
 1,366 
 600 
 200 
 271 
 922 
 500 
 480 
 
 The gallery contains 15,683 vols., composed of the foUowing- 
 classes of works ; — 
 
 Parliamentary Papers . 
 Old law books .... 
 Army and East India Lists . 
 London, County, and Irish Directories 
 Calendars of the Universities 
 
 Magazines 
 
 Calendars and Court Guides 
 Miscellaneous books 
 
 Vols. 
 
 8,493 
 
 3,029 
 
 660 
 
 550 
 
 432 
 
 1,068 
 
 514 
 
 837 
 
169 
 
 LEGAL EDUCATION 
 
 The following scheme of tuition, whicli has heen in operation since 
 1892, was adopted with the object of affording assistance to articled 
 clerks in the prosecution of their studies before and after the Inter- 
 mediate Examination. 
 
 The tuition is intended as well for the benefit of those students 
 who desire instruction and assistance during a lengthened period as 
 for those who have shorter time at command. 
 
 For the benefit of clerks who are resident in London or are able 
 to attend, these classes are held and tutors give advice and assist- 
 ance at the Hall of the Society. 
 
 To those clerks who are articled at a distance from large towns 
 systematic instruction has always presented difficulties. Extensive 
 law libraries may not be available, and such text-books as are at 
 hand may be out of date, and the want of assistance in the selection 
 and studying of authorities may be severely felt. Advice and help 
 must also be of value to those students who, with good hbraries at 
 hand, are in doubt as to the books to peruse and the points to be 
 noted, and to meet these diflficulties a course of preparation through 
 the post was formulated. 
 
 The tutors desire to draw attention to the following points : — 
 
 POSTAL INSTEUCTION. 
 
 In order to give students the advantage of assistance throughout 
 the greater part of their articles, the tutors invite students to sub- 
 scribe for com'ses of postal instruction extending over periods of 
 one or two years. 
 
 In the case of students who have not passed the Intermediate 
 Examination the instruction is by means of monthly papers, and 
 deals with the selected portions of Stephens' Commentaries. 
 
 For" those who have passed the Intermediate Examination 
 instruction is afforded by fortnightly papers, and embraces the 
 following subjects : — 
 
 The principles and practice of equity. 
 
 The principles and practice of conveyancing. 
 
 The principles and practice of common law. 
 
170 LEGAL EDUCATION 
 
 The principles and practice of bankruptcy. 
 
 Criminal and magisterial law. 
 
 Probate, divorce, admiralty, and ecclesiastical law. 
 
 The papers in each course contain general advice as to reading 
 and specific directions as to the work of the month or fortnight, 
 draw attention to matters of special importance, recent statutes, 
 cases, and rules, and explain difficulties, &c. The tutors also set a 
 number of questions to be answered from memory, and the answers 
 sent to the tutor for correction and comment. 
 
 These papers, both before and after the Intermediate Examina- 
 tions, are varied each year, so that students who may subscribe for 
 more than one year's tuition receive additional assistance. 
 
 These courses may be commenced at any time, but the tutors 
 recommend that the Intermediate course should be commenced at 
 an early stage of the articles, and the Final course soon after the 
 Intermediate Examination has been passed. 
 
 Students who do not wish to provide their own books can 
 obtain them from Messrs. Stevens & Sons, or other Law Lending 
 Library, for a subscription of a guinea and a half to cover the 
 coiurse of work for the Final Examination, and arrangements have 
 been made for supply of Stephens' Commentaries to either class or 
 postal subscribers, at a subscription of one guinea, on application to 
 the tutor. Dr. West. 
 
 CLASS INSTBUCTION. 
 
 Class instruction is also provided on the selected portions ot 
 Stephens' Commentaries and the subjects above named, and it is 
 recommended that the classes should be joined after the expiration 
 of a course of Postal Instruction. 
 
 The Class tuition course covers all necessary works. Eecent 
 statutes, cases, and important points generally are carefully gone 
 over. 
 
 The work is so arranged that students can join the classes at 
 any time, the fees being proportionate to the length of attendance. 
 
 Booms are provided where subscribers may study, and books 
 are supplied without extra charge. 
 
 Each subscriber is provided with a time-table showing the 
 dates when the classes meet and the work to be undertaken each 
 day. 
 
 Periodical test examinations are held by the tutors. 
 
 The classes for Intermediate students are held in tW Hall of 
 the Society on three afternoons in each week during the following 
 periods : — 
 
 August to November. January to April. 
 
 October to January. March to June. 
 
 Students may subscribe for successive classes. 
 
LEGAL EDUCATION 171 
 
 Classes for Final students are held at the Hall of the Society on 
 four afternoons each week during the following periods : — 
 August to January, 
 January to June. 
 
 These periods afford five months' class preparation, and students 
 are advised to suhscribe for a full course, and certainly for not 
 less than three months, otherwise the work must necessarily be 
 hurried. 
 
 Students may join the classes either before or after the Inter- 
 mediate Examination without subscribing to the course of postal 
 instruction, but it is recommended that they should avail them- 
 selves of both modes of instruction. 
 
 Subscribers to either postal or class instruction have the oppor- 
 tunity of consulting the tutors upon the work of the course in per- 
 sonal interview or by letter at any time. 
 
 EESTJLTS AND HONOUKS. 
 
 The results attained by this system of education have been 
 satis&ctory. At each of the last seventeen examinations pupils 
 have obtained honours. 
 
 The percentage of passes is a high one, exceeding 85 per 
 cent, of between three and four hundred pupils who last presented 
 themselves for examination. It has happened on many occasions 
 that all class pupils have been successful for both Intermediate and 
 Final Examinations, and the same has occurred in the case of sub- 
 scribers to the correspondence courses. 
 
 TUTOKS. 
 
 The principles and practice of equity ^ 
 
 The principlesandpraoticeof conveyancing I J. Cabteb Hakeison, 
 
 The principles and practice of common law j 30 Bedford Bow, W.C. 
 
 The principles and practice of bankruptcy J 
 
 Criminal and magisterial law, probate, 1 LeonaedH.West,LL.D., 
 divorce, admiralty, and ecclesiastical > 19SouthamptonBuildings, 
 law, Stephens' Commentaries J Chancery Lane, W.C. 
 
 FEES. 
 
 Befobe Intermediate Examination. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 For twelve months' subscription to postal instruction . .440 
 For two years' subscription to postal instruction . . .660 
 
 For three months' class instruction 4 4 
 
 For those who have previously subscribed for postal instruc- 
 tion 330 
 
 For six months' class instruction 7 7 
 
 For those who have previously subscribed for postal instruc- 
 tion 550 
 
172 LEGAL EDUCATION 
 
 After Intermediate Examination. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 For twelve months' subscription to postal instruction . . G 6 
 For two years' subscription to postal instruction . . .880 
 
 For five months' class instruction 9 9 
 
 For those who have previously subscribed for postal instruc- 
 tion 770 
 
 For four months' class instruction 8 8 
 
 For those who have previously subscribed for postal instruc- 
 tion 6 6 
 
 For three months' class instruction 7 7 
 
 For those who have previously subscribed for postal instruc- 
 tion 5 5 
 
 THE COUNCIL OF LEGAL EDUCATION. 
 
 Articled clerks may attend the lectures and classes given or 
 hold in connection with the Inns of Court, under the direction of 
 the Council of Legal Education, upon payment of half the fees pay- 
 able by other persons not being members of an Inn of Court, the 
 Council of the Incorporated Law Society having agreed with the 
 Council of Legal Education for payment of the remainder. Articled 
 clerks will also be admitted to the viva-voce examinations at the 
 end of each term. 
 
 Articled clerks may obtain particulars of such lectures and 
 classes, and vouchers for tickets, upon application to the Secretary 
 of the Incorporated Law Society. 
 
 All communications should be addressed to the Secretary of the 
 Incorporated Law Society, Chancery Lane, W.C, and cheques and 
 Post Office orders should be made payable to him, and be crossed 
 ' Messrs. Barclay & Co.' 
 
173 
 
 ORDERS 3IADE BY HER MAJESIY'S 
 JUDGES 
 
 IX PURSUANCE OF THE POWEES CONTAINED IN 
 THE SOLICITOES ACT, 1877 
 
 Orders December 5, 1877. 
 
 There shall be paid to the Incorporated Lav/ Society, by persons 
 applying to be examined at a preliminary, intermediate, or final 
 Examination, the following fees (that is to say) : — 
 
 By every person applying to be examined at a preHminary 
 examination, a fee of two pounds. 
 
 By every person applying to be examined at an intermediate 
 examination, a fee of three pounds. 
 
 By every person applying to be examined at a final examina- 
 tion, a fee of five pounds. 
 
 Every such fee shall be payable to the Secretary of the Society, or 
 such other officer as the Council may from time to time direct, by 
 the candidate, on giving notice of his desire to be examined at the 
 examination in respect of which the fee is payable. 
 
 "^Tiere a candidate, after giving notice of his desire to be ex- 
 amined at a preliminary, intermediate, or final examination, has 
 not presented himself or has failed to pass such examination, one- 
 half only of the prescribed fee shall be payable by him on applying 
 to be examined at a subsequent examination of the same class. 
 
 In addition to the exemptions contained in section 10 of the 
 Solicitors Act, 1877, a certificate of having passed a preliminary 
 Examination imder this Act shall not be required from any person 
 who has passed the junior students' general examination in the 
 Owens College, Manchester. 
 
 Any person who has passed the first public examination before 
 moderators at Oxford, or the previous examination at Cambridge, 
 or the examination in arts for the second year at Durham, or who 
 has passed in honours at the entrance examination at the University 
 of Dublin, or the matriculation examination at the University of 
 London [being placed in the first division of such matriculation 
 
174 OEDEES MADE BY HEE MAJESTY'S JUDGES 
 
 examination], or the legal students' higher examination in the 
 Owens College, Manchester, may be admitted and enrolled as a. 
 solicitor after service under articles of clerkship to a practising 
 solicitor for a term of four years. 
 
 Oedees May 1, 1880. 
 
 A certificate of having passed a preliminary examination under 
 the said Act shall not be required from any person v^ho has passed 
 the moderations examination of St. David's College, in the county 
 of Cardigan, in the Principality of Wales ; and any person who has 
 passed the said moderations examination may be admitted and 
 enrolled as a solicitor after service under articles of clerkship to a 
 practising solicitor for the term of four years. 
 
 Oedees Septembee 1, 1888. 
 
 A certificate of having passed a preliminary examination under 
 the said Act shall not be required from any person who has passed 
 the preliminary examination of the Victoria University, and any 
 person who has passed the said prehminary examination in the 
 first division may, if othervnse duly quaUfied, be admitted and 
 enrolled as a solicitor after service under articles of clerkship to a 
 practising soHcitor for the term of four years ; provided always 
 that Latin shall be one of the subjects taken at the preliminary 
 examination of the Victoria University by such person. 
 
175 
 
 REGULATIONS MADE BY THE INCOR- 
 PORATED LAW SOCIETY FOR THE 
 PEELIMINAEY, INTEEMEDIATE, AND 
 FINAL EXAMINATIONS. 
 
 {Nov. 27, 1877. 
 Terms used in these regulations have (unless inconsistent with the 
 context) the same meanings as they have in the Solicitors Act, 
 1877 : — ' The Council ' means the Council for the time being of the 
 Incorporated Law Society ; the ' Secretary ' means the Secretai-y 
 for the time being of the Society ; and the ' Eegistrar ' means the 
 Begistrar of Sohcitors. 
 
 Examination Committee. 
 
 1. There shall be appointed, in the month of December in every 
 year, by the Council, an Examination Committee, hereinafter re- 
 ferred to as ' the Committee,' consisting of such niunber (not less 
 than five nor more than twelve) of members of the Council as the 
 Council may irom time to time determine. 
 
 The members of the Committee shall hold office until the 
 appointment of their successors, and any member of the Committee 
 shall be eligible for reappointment. 
 
 A casual vacancy in the Committee may be at any time filled 
 by the ConncU, but a person appointed to fill a casual vacancy shall 
 hold office so long only as the person in whose stead he is appointed 
 would have held office if the vacancy had not occurred. 
 
 The Committee may elect a chairman of their meetings, and 
 generally may make such regulations for the conduct of their busi- 
 ness as they may see fit ; but no business shall be transacted at any 
 meeting unless at least three members are present. 
 
 2. Such Master of the Queen's Bench Division of the High 
 Court of Justice as may be fi:om time to time nominated by the 
 Master of that Division shall be an ex-officio member of the Com- 
 mittee for such period as the Masters may in each case determine, 
 and shall have power to act and vote on the Connnittee.' 
 
 3. The members of the Committee shall be examiners, and with 
 the assistance of one of the said Masters as ex-officio examiner (so 
 
 ' Section 7 of the Solicitors Act 1877, relating to ex-officio examiners, 
 has been repealed. 
 
176 REGULATIONS AS TO 
 
 long aa the said Masters continue to act as ex-officio examiners),' 
 and witli the assistance (so far as they may think proper to resort 
 to the same) of the examiners to be appointed by the Council, as 
 hereinafter mentioned, shall conduct the intermediate and final 
 ■examinations. 
 
 Tlie preUminary examination shall be conducted under the 
 supervision of the Committee, as hereinafter mentioned. 
 
 The Committee shall have such powers and duties, in addition 
 to those conferred or imposed on them by these regulations, in 
 reference to the examinations held under these regulations, as may 
 be from time to time delegated to them by the Council. 
 
 Paid Examinees. 
 
 4. The Council may from time to time, by resolution, appoint 
 such competent persons as they may see fit to be examiners to 
 assist the Committee in the preliminary, intermediate, and final 
 examinations, and the Council may at pleasure remove any 
 examiner so appointed. 
 
 5. Tliere shall be paid to every examiner so appointed, not 
 being a member of the Committee or of the Council, out of the fees 
 received by the Society from candidates for examination, such 
 remuneration as the Coimoil may from time to time, by resolution, 
 prescribe. 
 
 Peeliminaey Examination.^ 
 
 6. Fom' preliminary examinations shall be held in each year 
 (that is to say), one in each of the months of February, May, July, 
 and October, on such days in those months respectively as the 
 Committee may appoint. 
 
 7. The preliminary examinations shall be conducted either by 
 the examiners appointed under these regulations personally in the 
 Hall of the Society, or in such other place as the Committee may 
 from time to time appoint ; or by two local solicitors to be 
 appointed by the Committee, in the following towns or some of 
 them, and at such place or places in those towns as the said local 
 solicitors may in each case specify ' : — 
 
 *Birmingham Exeter Oxford 
 
 'Bristol Lancaster Plymouth 
 
 Cambridge 'Leeds Salisbury 
 
 Cardiff Lincoln Shrewsbury 
 
 Carlisle 'Liverpool Swansea 
 
 Carmarthen 'Manchester Worcester 
 
 Chester *Newcastle-on-Tyne York 
 Durham 
 
 ' See note to the preceding regulation. 
 
 '' For exemptions from this examination, see pp. 194-5. 
 
 ■'' Examinations are generally held in the towns marked*, but it is 
 
THE EXAMINATIONS 177 
 
 8. The preliminary examination shall be on the following subjects. 
 subjects, namely : — 
 
 1. Writing from dictation. 
 
 2. Writing a short English composition. 
 
 3. (a) The first four rules of Arithmetic, simple and com- 
 
 pound; the Bule of Three, and Decimal and Vulgar 
 Fractions ; (6) Algebra up to and inclusive of Simple 
 Equations, and the first four books of Euclid. 
 
 4. Geography of Europe and History of England. 
 
 5. Latin — Elementary. 
 
 6. And any two languages to be selected by the candidate 
 
 out of the following six, namely : — 
 
 (1) Latin ; (2) Greek— Ancient ; (3) French ; (4) 
 German ; (5) Spanish ; (6) Italian. 
 
 With reference to the subjects numbered 3 and 6, no candidate 
 is obhged to take up Algebra or EucUd (No. 36), but if any candi- 
 date elects to do so, he may take up these with one only of the 
 languages (No. 6). 
 
 No books will be previously specified for the language exami- 
 nations, but passages will be given for translation at sight, with 
 the assistance of a dictionary. Candidates must bring their own 
 dictionaries. 
 
 9. Every candidate shall, at least 30 days before the date of Kutice by 
 the preliminary examination at which he proposes to be examined, candiifater, 
 give written notice to the Secretary, or such other officer as the 
 Council may direct, of his desire to be examined, and shall state in 
 
 such notice the language in which he proposes to be examined 
 under these regulations, and the town at which he wishes to be 
 examined, and his age and residence, and place or mode of educa- 
 tion.^ 
 
 10. With respect to the examination of candidates at the prelimi- 
 nary examination desiring to be examined in the country, papers 
 shall be transmitted by the Committee to the local solicitors ap- 
 pointed by them under these regulations. 
 
 The Secretary, or such other officer as the CouncU may direct, 
 shall summon the candidates at such times as may be fixed by the 
 Committee, and the said local solicitors shall require the candidates 
 in their presence to write from dictation as hereinbefore mentioned, 
 and to give written answers to the papers so transmitted ; and the 
 said solicitors shall without delay seal up and send to the Com- 
 mittee the writing from dictation and the answers so written. 
 
 quite uncertain whether they will be held elsewhere. Candidates will 
 be informed one week before the examination where they are to 
 attend. 
 
 ' The fee payable on giving notice is 21., and on giving a renewed 
 notice 11. 
 
 N 
 
178 
 
 REGULATIONS AS TO 
 
 Certificate. 
 
 Time. 
 
 Subjects, 
 
 Obligation 
 to attend 
 tlie examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Provision as 
 to candidate 
 failing to 
 pass within 
 the specified 
 time. 
 
 Notice by 
 candidates, 
 and answers 
 
 11. If the Committee are satisfied as to the proficiency and 
 fitness of a candidate at a preUminary examination, they shall 
 certify the same in the form of a report to the Council of the result 
 of such examination, and the Council may thereupon resolve that 
 a certificate in the form (A) in the first schedule to these regula- 
 tions, or to the like effect, signed by the President or Vice-President 
 of the Society, shall be delivered to such candidate.' 
 
 Intermediate Examination.' 
 
 12. Fom' intermediate examinations shall be held in each year 
 (that is to say), one in each of the months of January, April, June, 
 and November, on such days in those months respectively as the 
 Committee may appoint. 
 
 13. The intermediate examinations shall be held in the Hall or 
 the Society, or in such other place as the Committee may from 
 time to time appoint. 
 
 14. The subjects of the intermediate examination shall be such 
 elementary works on the Laws of England as may be from time to 
 time selected by the Committee. 
 
 Not later than the month of July in every year, the Committee 
 shall furnish to the Secretary, or to such other ofiicer as the Council 
 may direct, a list of the works selected by them for the examina- 
 tion of candidates in the ensuing year ; and the Secretary or such 
 officer shall furnish a copy of such hst to any person applying for 
 the same.^ 
 
 15. Every person serving under articles of clerkship shall 
 (subject as hereinafter mentioned) present himself at an inter- 
 mediate examination, and shall be examined witliin the six 
 months next succeeding the day on which he completes half his 
 term of service. 
 
 16. A candidate who fails to present himself at or to pass an 
 intermediate examination within the above period may present 
 himself at any subsequent intermediate examination ; but if he 
 fails to pass an intermediate examination within twelve months 
 next after the date of the expiration of one-half his term of service, 
 his final examination shall be postponed for a period equal to the 
 period intervening between the expiration of such twelve months 
 and his passing such intermediate examination, or foi; such shorter 
 period as the Committee may, on the ground of ilhiess, or on other 
 special grounds, direct. 
 
 17. Every candidate, at least thu'ty days before the date of the 
 intermediate examination at which he proposes to be exammed, 
 
 ' Articles can be entered into at any time after this certificate has 
 been obtained. 
 
 ^ For exemptions from this examination see p. 197. 
 
 ^ The work selected by the examiners is Stephens' ' Commentaries 
 on the Laws of England,' excepting Books IV. and VI. 12th edition. 
 
THE EXAMINATIONS 179 
 
 shall give to the Secretary, or to such other officer as the Council to questions 
 may direct, written notice of his desire to be examined,^ and shall '" ^''cdnle. 
 leave with the Secretary or such other officer the articles and any 
 assignment thereof, or supplemental articles, duly stamped and 
 registered, under which the candidate has served or is serving his 
 clerkship, or any portion thereof, together with a certificate of his 
 having passed a preliminary examination (unless he shall have 
 heen exempted therefrom), and together with answers to the 
 questions in that behalf specified in Part I. of the second schedule 
 hereto, signed by the candidate, and by the soUcitor or solicitor's 
 liondon agent, barrister, or special pleader with whom he has 
 served or is ser^-ing his clerkship or any portion thereof, or with 
 ■whom he has been or is a pupij.^ 
 
 18. The Secretary or such other officer as aforesaid may, in any Power to 
 case where he thinks proper, refer such answers to the Committee ; answers to 
 and if the Committee, after such further inquiries as they see fit. Committee. 
 are of opinion that any of such answers are unsatisfactory, they 
 
 shall certify the same to the Council, and the candidate shall not be 
 permitted to present himself for examination ; provided that the 
 Council may in any case, on special grounds, allow the candidate 
 to be examined notwithstanding such ansNvers. 
 
 19. If the Committee are satisfied as to the proficiency and Certificate, 
 fitness of a candidate at an intermediate examination, they shall 
 certify the same in the form of a report to the Council of the result 
 
 of such examination, and the Council may thereupon resolve that a 
 certificate in the form (B) in the first schedule to these regulations 
 or to the like effect, signed by the President or Vice-President of 
 the Society, shall be delivered to such candidate. 
 
 Final Examination. 
 
 20. Four final examinations shall be held in each year (that is Time, 
 to say), one in each of the months of January, April, June, and 
 Xovember, on such days in those months respectively as the 
 Committee may appoint. 
 
 21. The final examinations shall be held in the Hall of the Place. 
 Society, or in such other place as the Committee may from time to 
 time appoint. 
 
 22. The final examination shall be on the following subjects, Subjects, 
 namely : — 
 
 1. The Principles of the Law of Eeal and Personal Property 
 
 and the Practice of Conveyancing. 
 
 2. The Principles of Law and Procedure in matters usually 
 
 ' The fee payable on giving notice is Zl., and on giving a renewed 
 notice 11. 10s. 
 
 ^ Prints of these questions can be obtained on application at the 
 office of the Society. 
 
180 
 
 HEGULATIONS AS TO 
 
 determined or administered in the Chancery Division o.f 
 the High Court of Justice. 
 
 3. The Principles of Law and Procedure in matters usuallj- 
 
 determined or administered in the Queen's Bench 
 Division of the High Court of Justice, and the Lav? and 
 Practice of Bankruptcy. 
 
 4. The Principles of Law and Procedure in matters usually 
 
 determined or administered in the Probate, Divorce, and 
 Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice; 
 Ecclesiastical and Criminal Law and Practice; and 
 Proceedings before Justices of the Peace. 
 
 J^oticcby 23. Every candidate, at least 42 days before the date of the 
 
 candidatGs, final examination at which he proposes to be examined, shall 
 to queluous gi^^ to the Secretary, or to such other officer as the Council may 
 ia schedule, appoint, written notice of his desire to be examined,' stating his 
 place or places of residence and of service under articles for the 
 last preceding twelve months, together with the name or names and 
 place or places of residence of the person or persons with whom h& 
 has served during the continuance of his articles ; and shall alsa 
 leave with the Secretary or such other officer the articles and any 
 assignment thereof, or supplemental articles, duly stamped and 
 registered, under which the candidate has served or is serving his 
 clerkship, or any portion thereof, together with certificates of hi& 
 having passed a preliminary and intermediate examination (unless 
 he shall have been exempted therefrom respectively), and together 
 with answers to the questions in that behalf specified in Part IL of 
 the second schedule hereto, signed by the candidate, and also by the 
 solicitor or solicitor's London agent, barrister, or special pleader 
 with whom he has served his clerkship, or any portion thereof, or 
 with whom he has been a pupil.* 
 
 24. The Secretary, or such other officer as aforesaid, may, in any 
 case where he thinks proper, refer such answers to the Committee ; 
 and if the Committee, after such further inquiries as they see fit, 
 are of opinion that any of such answers are unsatisfactory, they 
 shall certify the same to the Council, and the candidate shall not be 
 permitted to present himself for examination; provided that the 
 
 ' The fee payable on giving notice is 51., and on giving a renewed 
 notice, 21. 10s. 
 
 ' Where articles expire between 
 
 Jan. 10 and April 15, candidates may be examined in January. 
 
 April 14 and May 22, „ „ April. 
 
 May 21 and Nov. 2, „ „ June. 
 
 Nov. 1 and Jan. 11, „ „ November, 
 
 or at any subsequent examination (23 & 24 Vic. cap. 127, section 12 — 
 11 Geo. IV. & 1 Will. IV. cap. 70, section 6—36 & 37 Vic. cap. 66, sec- 
 tion 26). Prints of the questions mentioned in this regulation can be 
 obtained at the office of the Society. 
 
 Power to 
 refer 
 
 answers to 
 Committee. 
 
THE EXAMINATIOXS 181 
 
 Council may in any case, on special groimds, allow the candidate to 
 be examined notwithstanding such answers. 
 
 25. If the Committee are satisfied as to the proficiency and Certificate. 
 fitness of a candidate at a final examination, they shall certify the 
 same in the form of a report to the Council of the result of such 
 examination, and the Council may thereupon resolve that a certifi- 
 cate in the Form (C) in the first schedule to these regulations, or to 
 the like effect, signed by the President or Vice-President of the 
 Society, shall be delivered to such candidate. The Committee may, 
 in their report, recommend any candidate for honourable distinction 
 as they may see proper.' 
 
 General. 
 
 20. If any candidate for examination does not present himself Renewal of 
 at or fails to pass any examination at which he has given notice of "'>'''"''• 
 his intention to present himself, he shall be entitled, on giving at 
 least fourteen days' written notice to the Secretary or such other 
 officer as the Coiincil may direct, and otherwise complying with the 
 requirements of these regulations, to present lumself at any 
 subsequent examination. 
 
 27. Any person claiming the benefit of any exemption or excep- Evidence of 
 tion in respect of any examination under the Solicitors Acts, 1843, "*^ '?. 
 1860, and 1877, or under any regulations made in pursuance thereof, 
 
 shall, before he shall be entitled to the benefit of such exemption or 
 exception, produce to the Secretary, or such other officer as the 
 Council may direct, a testamur, certificate. Judge's order, or other 
 satisfactory evidence showing his right thereto. 
 
 28. Any person (not being entitled to exemption from the preli- Production 
 minary examination) who enters into articles of clerkship shall "f £"'^i''''"^f 
 before or at the time of producing his articles to the Registrar pur- '°" "'' 
 suant to section 7 of the Solicitors Act, 1860, produced to the Eegis- 
 
 trar a certificate of having passed a preliminary examination. 
 
 29. Where any allegation is made by the Begistrar as to the Reference to 
 moral imfitness of any candidate at a final examination to be an f °^"5'* 
 officer of the Supreme Court, it shall be the duty of the Secretary, "y »«="'"'>■• 
 or such other officer, to refer such allegation to the Committee, who 
 
 shall take such steps for inquiring into the matter referred to them 
 as they may deem necessary and proper. 
 
 If the allegation referred to the Committee is in their opinion 
 proved, the Committee shall report the same to the Council, and 
 the Council may in their discretion refuse to grant a certificate to 
 the candidate. 
 
 Temporary Provision. 
 
 30. All notices issued and other things duly done or suffered Temporary 
 before January 1, 1878, under any of the regulations repealed by ^"no'tica.** 
 
 ' No honorary distinctions (except local prizes instituted prior to 
 .January 1880) are now awarded in respect only of the final examination. 
 
182 EEGULATIONS AS TO 
 
 the Solicitors Act, 1877, shall, so far as the same are respectively 
 applicable, be deemed to have been issued, done, or suffered under 
 and in pursuance of these regulations. 
 
 THE FIRST SCHEDULE. 
 
 POKM (A.) 
 
 INCOEPOEATED LAW SOCIETY OF THE UNITED 
 KINGDOM. 
 
 PEELISirNAEY EXAMINATION. 
 
 By authority of the Council, I do hereby certify that A.B., of 
 
 , has passed the preliminary examination, pursuant to the 
 Solicitors Act, 1877, and the regulations in force thereunder. 
 Dated this day of 18 , 
 
 A. B. 
 
 President 
 
 or 
 Vice-President 
 
 FOKM (B.) 
 
 INCOEPOEATED LAW SOCIETY OF THE UNITED 
 KINGDOM. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION. 
 
 By authority of the Council, I do hereby certify that A. B., of 
 
 , has passed the intermediate examination, pursuant to the 
 Solicitors Act, 1877, and the regulations in force thereunder. 
 Dated this day of 18 , 
 
 A.B. 
 
 President , 
 
 or 
 
 Vice-President 
 
THE EXAMINATIONS 183 
 
 Form (C.) 
 
 INCOEPOEATED LAW SOCIETY OF THE UNITED 
 KINGDOM. 
 
 FINAL EXAMINATION. 
 
 By authority of the Council, I do hereby certify that A. B., of 
 
 , has passed the final examination pursuant to the Solicitors 
 Ace, 1877, and the regulations in force thereunder. 
 
 Dated this day of 18 . 
 
 A. B. 
 
 President 
 
 or 
 Vice-Presirlent 
 
 THE SECOND SCHEDULE. 
 
 Part I. 
 
 INTEEMEDIATE EXAMINATION. 
 
 QUESTIONS AS TO DUE SERVICE OF ARTICLES OF CLERKSHIP. 
 
 Questions to be answered by the Clerk. 
 
 1. What is now your age ? 
 
 2. During what period have you served under your articles ? Did 
 
 such service take place at the office where the solicitor or solici- 
 tors to whom you were articled or assigned carried on his or 
 their business? and if not, state the reason. 
 
 3. Have you been at any and for what time bond fide employed as 
 
 a pupil by a practising barrister or special pleader ? 
 
 4. Have you, at any time since the date of your articles, been 
 
 absent without the permission of the solicitor or solicitors to 
 whom you were articled or assigned, or of the barrister or 
 special pleader with whom you may have been as pupil ? and 
 if so, state the length and occasions of such absence. 
 
 5. Have yon, since the date of your articles, been engaged or 
 
 concerned in any profession, business, or employment other 
 than your professional employment as clerk to the solicitor or 
 solicitors to whom you were articled or assigned, or as pupil to 
 a barrister or special pleader ? 
 
 Signature 
 
 Present Address 
 
 Dated the day of 18 
 
184 EEGULATIONS AS TO 
 
 Questions to be answered by the Solicitor or Agent with whom the 
 Cleric may have served any part of the time wilder his Articles 
 (with such adaptations, if put to an Agent, asmay be necessary). 
 
 1. During what period has 
 
 served under his articles at the office where you carry on your 
 business ? If he has not served for any portion of the period 
 which has lapsed between the date of his articles and the 
 present time, state the reason. 
 
 2. Has the said , at any time 
 
 during his service under articles with you, been absent without 
 ■your permission ? and if so, state the length and occasions of 
 such absence. 
 
 3. Has the said , during his service 
 
 under articles with you, been engaged or concerned in any 
 profession, business, or employment other than his professional 
 employment as your articled clerk ? 
 
 4. Has the said , since the date of 
 
 his clerkship, with the exceptions above mentioned, been faith- 
 fully and diligently employed in your professional business of a 
 solicitor ? 
 
 5. Has he hitherto, as regards character, shown himself to be a fit 
 
 and proper person to be admitted, at the end of his serrice, a 
 solicitor of the Supreme Court ? 
 
 Signature 
 
 Address . 
 
 Dated the day of 18 . 
 
 Questions to be answered by the Barrister or Special Pleader. 
 
 1. During what period has been 
 
 bond fide employed by you as your pupil ? 
 
 2. Has the said , at any time during 
 
 his pupilage, been absent without your permission ? and if so, 
 state the length and occasions of such absence. 
 
 3. Has the said during his pupilage 
 
 been engaged or concerned in any profession, business, or 
 employment other than his employment as your pupil ? 
 
 4. Has the said , during his pupilage, 
 
 with the exceptions above mentioned, been faithfully and dili- 
 gently employed as your pupil ? 
 
 Signature 
 
 Address 
 
 Dated the day of IS . 
 
THE EXAMINATIONS 185 
 
 Paet II. 
 FINAL EXAMINATION. 
 
 QUESTIOXS AS TO DUE SERVICE OE ARTICLES OF CLEBRSHir. 
 
 Questions to be answered by the Cleric. 
 
 1. What is now yonr age ? 
 
 2. Have you served the whole term of your articles at the oifice where 
 
 the solicitor or solicitors to whom you were articled or assigned 
 carried on his or their business ? and if not, state the reason. 
 
 3. Have you been at any and for what time bond fide employed as a 
 
 pupil by a practising barrister or special pleader ? 
 
 4. Have you at any time during the term of your articles been absent 
 
 without the permission of the solicitor or solicitors to whom you 
 were articled or assigned, or of the barrister or special pleader 
 with whom you may have been as pupil ? and if so, state the 
 length and occasions of such absence. 
 
 6. Have you, at any time during the term of your articles, been 
 engaged or concerned in any profession, business, or employ- 
 ment other than your professional employment as clerk to the 
 solicitor or solicitors to whom you were articled or assigned, or 
 as a pupil to a barrister or special pleader ? 
 
 6. Have you, since the expiration of your articles, been engaged or 
 concerned, and for how long a time, in any and what profession, 
 trade, business, or employment other than the profession of a 
 solicitor ? 
 
 [Name 
 
 Present Address 
 
 Dated the day of 18 
 
 Questions to be ajtswered by the Solicitor or Agent with whom the Clerk 
 may have served the whole or any part of tlie time under his articles 
 {with such adaptations, ifptit to an Agent, as may be necessary). 
 
 1. During what period has served 
 
 under his articles at the office where you carry on your business ? 
 If he has not served for any portion of the term of his clerkship, 
 state the reason. 
 
 2. Has the said , at any time during 
 
 his service under articles with yOu, been absent without your 
 permission ? and if so, state the length and occasions of such 
 absence. 
 
 3. Has the said , at any time during 
 
 his service under articles with you, been engaged or concerned 
 in any profession, business, or employment other than his 
 professional employment as your articled clerk ? 
 
 4. Has the said , during the whole 
 
 term of his clerkship, with the exceptions above mentioned, been 
 
186 KEGULATIONS AS TO THE EXAMINATIONS 
 
 faithfully and diligently employed in your professional business 
 of a solicitor ? 
 
 5. Has the said , since the expiration 
 
 of his articles, been engaged or concerned, and for how long a 
 time, in any and what profession, trade, business, or employ- 
 ment other than the profession of a solicitor ? 
 
 6. Is the said , as regards character, a fit 
 
 and proper person to be admitted a solicitor of the Supreme 
 
 Court? 
 
 Name 
 
 Address __. 
 
 Dated, the day 18 
 
 Questions to be answered by the Barrister or Special Pleader. 
 
 1. During what period has been 
 
 bond fide employed by you as your pupil ? 
 
 2. Has the said , at any time during 
 
 his pupilage, been absent without your permission ? and if so, 
 state the length and occasions of such absence. 
 
 3. Has the said , during his pupilage, 
 
 been engaged or concerned, in any profession, business, or em- 
 ployment other than his employment as your pupil ? 
 
 4. Has the said , during his pupilage, 
 
 with the exceptions above mentioned, been faithfully and dili- 
 gently employed as your pupil ? 
 
 Signature 
 
 Address 
 
 Dated the day of 18 . 
 
 N.B. — Prints of the above questions may be obtained on application 
 at the office of the Incorporated Law Society. 
 
IS^ 
 
 HONOURS EXAMINATION AND PRIZES. 
 —REGULATIONS MADE BY THE IN- 
 CORPORATED LAW SOCIETY FOR 
 THE HONOUES EXAMINATION 
 
 28th March, 1879. 
 Terms used in these rules have (unless inconsistent with the 
 context) the same meanings as they have in the regulations made 
 hy the Society on 27th November, 1877, as to the preliminarj', 
 intermediate, and final examination of persons intending to be- 
 come Solicitors of the Supreme Court (hereinafter referred to as 
 ' the Eegulations '). 
 
 1. As from 31st December, 1879, no honorary distinction (except 
 local prizes already instituted) will be awarded by the Society to 
 any candidate in respect only of the final examination. All 
 honorary distinctions awarded by the Society will — with the excep- 
 tion mentioned — be awarded to candidates who pass the honours 
 examination as hereinafter mentioned. 
 
 2. As from 31st December, 1879, there shall be held in the Hall 
 of the Society, or in such other place as the Examination Com- 
 mittee may from time to time appoint, four voluntary examina- 
 tions for honours in each year. Such examinations shall take 
 place in the same weeks as those in which the final examinations 
 are held, and as a general rule on the Friday ^ in those weeks 
 respectively. 
 
 3. The Committee shall, with the assistance (so far as they may 
 think proper to resort to the same) of the examiner or examiners 
 to be appointed for the purpose by the Council, conduct the honours 
 examination. 
 
 4. The CouncU may, from time to time, by resolution, appoint 
 such competent person or competent persons as they may see fit to 
 be an examiner or examiners to assist the Committee in the 
 honours examination, and the Council may at pleasure remove 
 any examiner so appointed. 
 
 5. There shall be paid to every examiner so appointed, not 
 being a member of the Committee or the CouncU, such remunera- 
 tion as the Council may from time to time, by resolution, prescribe. 
 
 6. The honours examination shall be open to all candidates, 
 
 ' Now Thursday and Friday. 
 
188 RULES AS TO HONOURS EXAMINATIONS 
 
 without reference to age, who shall, io the opinion of the exami- 
 ners, have attained a certain standard of proficiency at the final 
 examinations, and shall be on the subjects specified for the final 
 examinations in the Begulations. 
 
 7. Every candidate who is eligible and desirous to compete for 
 honours shall, at the time when he gives notice of his desire to be 
 examined at any final examination, give notice in writing of his 
 desire to be exammed for honours. Forms of notice can be ob- 
 tained at the office of the Society.^ 
 
 8. At each honom-s examination the candidates who, in the 
 opinion of the Committee, are deserving of honorary distinction 
 will be arranged in three classes ; and, in awarding honorary dis- 
 tinction, the marks obtained in the honours examination will 
 alone be considered. 
 
 9. The names of candidates placed in the first class will be 
 arranged in order of merit, and every candidate placed in that 
 class will, in addition to a class certificate, receive a prize. 
 
 The names of candidates placed in the second and third classes 
 respectively will be arranged alphabetically, and every candidate 
 placed in those classes will receive a class certificate. 
 
 The certificate will be in the following or an equivalent form :^ 
 
 Honours Examination. 
 
 By Authority of the Council of 
 
 The Incorporated Law Society 
 
 Of the United Kingdom. 
 
 I do hereby certify 
 
 that 
 
 At the Honours Examination 
 
 held on the day of 188 , 
 
 who served his articles of clerkship to 
 
 was placed in the first [second or third] class. 
 
 President. 
 
 10. The names of all candidates who attain honorary distinction 
 will be printed in the Society's Handbook. 
 
 11. At each honours examination the following prizes will be 
 -av?arded, unless in the opinion of the Committee the standard at- 
 tained should not justify the issue of any first-class list: The 
 Clement's Inn Prize (value about £10 10s.), The Clifford's Inn 
 
 ' The fee payable on giving notice for the honours examination is £1. 
 
EULES AS TO HONOURS EXAMINATIONS 189 
 
 Prize (value £5 5s.) ; aiid the Neto Inn Prhe (value £5 5s.) ; or an 
 additional Society's Prize of like value, the Daniel Reardon Priv-e, 
 being the one-fourth part of the dividend on £3,333 6s. 8d. Con- 
 solidated Bank Annuities. In addition, the Society will give a» 
 many prizes (value £5 5s. each) as are required. The value of each 
 prize will be expended by the Society in the purchase of legal, his- 
 torical, or constitutional works, to be selected by the successful can- 
 didate, and such works wiU be bound at the expense of the Society, 
 and be stamped with the arms of the Society, provided that the 
 price of each volimie be not less than 10s. The John Mackrell Prize, 
 consisting of a fourth part of the annual dividend on a sum of £1,000 
 Five per Cent. Perpetual Preference Stock of the MUlwaU Dock Com- 
 pany, will be awarded at each honours examination to the candidate 
 who shall be reported to the Council by the examiners to have 
 shown himself best qualified to advise upon and transact matters of 
 business which come within the province of a practising solicitor 
 to advise upon and transact, as distinguished from the mere know- 
 ledge of the principles and practice of the law. The value of this 
 prize (about £12) will be expended by the Society in the purchase 
 of legal, historical, or constitutional works, to be selected by the 
 siiccessftd candidate, and be stamped with the arms of the Society. 
 
 12. In addition, the following prizes will be awarded accord- 
 ing to the result of the honours examination during the year, 
 namely : — 
 
 The Scott Scholarship. — To the candidate who shall have passed 
 the final examination, and who, fi-om his acquaintance with the 
 theory, principles, and practice of the Law, shall, in the opinion of 
 the Council, be entitled to the Scholarship. It consists of one year's 
 interest on £1,138 Five per Cent. Consolidated Preference Stock of 
 the London, Brighton, and South Coast BaUway. 
 
 The Broderip Gold Medal. — To the candidate who shall not 
 have completed his twenty-sixth year, and who shall be considered 
 to have shown himself best acquainted with the Law of Beal 
 Property and the practice of Conveyancing. It consists of a medal 
 of the value of one year's interest on £333 6s. 8c?. Two and Three- 
 Quarters per Cent. Consols. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 Teavers- Smith Scholarships. 
 
 Under a bequest of the late Mr. Joseph Tra vers- Smith, who 
 died in the year 1897, a Scholarship of £50 per annum, tenable for 
 three years, and open to candidates under the age of twenty-six 
 years, wiU be awarded annually. Begulations for the Scholarships 
 iiave not yet been made. 
 
190 LOCAL PEIZES 
 
 LOCAL PRIZES 
 
 The following local prizes are also awarded by the Society accord- 
 ing to the result of the honours examinations during the year : — 
 
 The Timpron Martin Prize. — The prize may be competed for 
 by candidates not above twenty-five years of age who have origi- 
 nally been articled to a solicitor carrying on business in Liverpool, 
 and who have passed not less than two-thirds of their period of 
 service there. It will be awarded to the candidate reported as 
 having passed the best examination during the year. The prize 
 consists of a gold medal of the value of one year's interest on 
 £237 12s. 6c?. Two and Three-Quarters per Cent. Consols. 
 
 The AtJcinson Prize. — This prize may be competed for by can- 
 didates not above twenty-five years of age who have originally been 
 articled to a solicitor carrying on business in Liverpool or Preston, 
 and who have passed not less than two-thirds of their period of 
 service there. It will be awarded to the candidate reported 
 as having shown himself best acquainted with the Law of Beal 
 Property and the practice of Conveyancing. The prize consists of 
 a gold medal of the value of one year's interest on £140 Three per 
 Cent. Debenture Stock of the London and North-Western BaUway. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Gold Medal. — This prize may be 
 competed for by candidates who have originally been articled to a 
 solicitor practising in Birmingham, and who have passed at least 
 two-thirds of their term of service there, and are under twenty-six 
 years of age. It wiU be awarded to the candidate who shall be 
 considered to have passed the best examination diiring the year, 
 and who has been awarded a prize at the honours examination. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Bronze Medal. — This prize may be 
 competed for by candidates who have passed two-thn-ds of their 
 period of service under articles to a solicitor who is a member of 
 the Birmingham Law Society; and who are under twenty-six j'ears 
 of age, and have not taken the above Society's Gold Medal. It will 
 be awarded to the candidate who shall be considered to have passed 
 the best examination during the year, and who has been placed in 
 the 1st or 2nd Class at the honours examination. 
 
 The Stephen Heelis Prize. — This prize may be competed for by 
 candidates originally articled to a solicitor carrying on business in 
 Manchester or Salford, and who have passed not less than two 
 
LOCAL PEIZES 191 
 
 third parts of their period of service in that city or borough, and are 
 under twenty-six years of age. It will be awarded to the candidate 
 who shall be considered to have passed the best examination during 
 the year, and has been awarded a prize or certificate at the honours 
 examination. The prize consists of a gold medal of the value of 
 one year's interest on £423 14s. 8d. Barik Annuities. 
 
 T7ie Melleish Prize. — This prize may be competed for by can- 
 didates who have been articled in the counties of Surrey or Sussex, 
 or who are the sons of solicitors who have resided or practised in 
 either of those counties. It will be awarded to the candidate who 
 shall be reported as having shown himself best acquainted with the 
 Law of Beal Property and the practice of Conveyancing. The prize 
 consists of books of the value of one year's interest on ;£'304 lis. 
 Two and a Half per Cent. Annuities (1905). 
 
192 EEGULATIONS MADE UNDER SOLICITOES ACTS 
 
 REGULATIONS MADE BY THE INCOR- 
 PORATED LAW SOCIETY UNDER SEC- 
 TION 6 OF THE SOLICITORS ACT, 
 1877, AND SECTION 3 OF THE SOLI- 
 CITORS ACT, 1894. 
 
 Exemptions 1. That the following certificates be accepted in lieu of the 
 meSttt'e ^"^ present intermediate examination in the case of all who are under 
 I'xamina- articles of clerkship at the date hereof, or who may enter into 
 tione. articles after the date hereof: 
 
 A certificate that the articled clerk has prior to or after 
 entering into articles passed the examination required for 
 the Degree of B.O.L. or LL.B. at one of the following 
 Universities in the United Kingdom, viz. : Oxford, Cam- 
 bridge, London, Victoria, Dublin, or Durham. 
 
 A certificate that the articled clerk has prior to entering into 
 articles of clerkship taken honours in the Final Honour 
 School of Jurisprudence at Oxford or in the Law Tripos at 
 Cambridge. 
 
 April, 1895. 
 
193 
 
 SUiMiVARY OF REGULATIONS 
 
 As to tlie examination and service of Articled Clerks hejore their 
 admission as Solicitors in England, and as to admission of 
 Solicitors, ivith reference to the various Acts of Parliament, 
 Orders, and Regulations. 
 
 PEELIMINABY EXAMINATION.' 
 
 With certain exceptions, all persons are required to pass an exami- Preliminary 
 nation in general knowledge before being bound under articles of tfJJ™'"^' 
 clerkship, with a view to their admission as solicitors, This ex- 
 amination is called the preliminary examination. (40 & 41 Vic, 
 cap. 25, sees. 4 (i 5, and Regulations of November 27, 1877, sec. G 
 et seq.) 
 
 The subjects of the preliminary examination are — Subjects of 
 
 1. Writing fi-om Dictation. eramina-'^'* 
 
 2. Writing a short English Composition. tion. 
 
 3. (a) The first four rules of Arithmetic, simple and com- 
 
 pound ; the Bule of Three ; and Decimal and 
 Vulgar Fractions ; (b) Algebra up to and inclu- 
 sive of Simple Equations, and the first foiu- books 
 of Euclid. 
 
 4. Geography of Europe and History of England. 
 
 5. Latin — Elementary. 
 
 6. And any two languages to be selected by the candidate 
 
 out of the following six, namely : 
 
 (1) Latin ; (2) Greek— Ancient ; (3) French ; 
 (4) German ; (5) Spanish ; (6) Italian. 
 
 With reference to the subjects numbered 3 and 6, no candidate 
 is obHged to take up Algebra or Euclid (No. 36), but if any candi- 
 date elects to do so, he may take up these with one only of the 
 languages (No. 6). 
 
 No books will be previously specified for the language exami- Time and 
 nations, but passages will be given for translation at sight, with the 
 assistance of a dictionary. Candidates must bring their own dic- 
 tionaries. 
 
 The examinations are held at the Incorporated Law Society's 
 
 ' Specimens of the questions asked at the preliminary and other 
 examinations can be obtained from the principal Law publishers. 
 
 O 
 
194 
 
 SU-M3IARY OF KEaULATIONS 
 
 I if trie Of CX- 
 ;iai*natiou. 
 
 Notice of 
 e>:amtQa- 
 
 t'OU. 
 
 Feci. 
 
 Biceoiptions 
 from pre- 
 liminary 
 
 eicamiaa- 
 tioa. 
 
 Hall, Chancery Lane, and at some of the following towns, in 
 February, May, July, and October in each year. (Regulations of 
 November 27, 1877, sees. 6 & 7) :— 
 
 Exeter 
 
 Lancaster 
 *Leeds 
 
 Lincoln 
 'Liverpool 
 •Manchester 
 *N ewcastle - on - T^'ne 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Plymouth 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 Swansea 
 
 Worcester 
 
 York. 
 
 'Birmingham 
 •Bristol 
 
 Cambridge 
 
 Cardiff 
 
 Carlisle 
 
 Carmarthen 
 
 Chester 
 
 Dm'ham 
 
 Examinations are generally held in the towns marked *. 
 
 Every candidate is requhed to give at least thirty days' written 
 notice to the secretary of the Incorporated Law Society of his 
 desire to be examined, and must state in such notice the two 
 languages in which he proposes to be examined, the town at which 
 he wishes to be examined, and his age and residence, and place or 
 mode of education. (Regulations of November 27, 1877, sec. 9.) 
 
 The fee payable on giving notice for examination is £2. Should 
 a candidate not present himself at the examination for which he 
 has given notice, or should he fail to pass such examination, he is 
 entitled, On giving at least fourteen days' written notice to the 
 Incorporated Law Society, to present himself at a subsequent 
 examination, and the fee payable by him on giving such notice for 
 any subsequent examination is £1. (Orders, December 5, 1877, 
 and Regulations, November 27, 1877, sec. 26.) 
 
 Exemptions from the Preliminary Examination. 
 
 The following persons are exempted, viz. : — 
 
 Bachelors of Arts or Bachelors of Laws at Oxford, Cambridge, 
 DubUn, Durham, London, Queen's University, Ireland, and Vic- 
 toria University, Manchester ; Bachelors of Arts, Masters of Arts, 
 Bachelors of Law, or Doctors of Law m any of the Universities of 
 Scotland, none of such degrees being honorary. 
 
 Utter barristers in England. 
 
 Persons who have passed the foUo'O'ing examinations : — 
 I First public examination before moderators at Oxford. 
 
 Previous examination at Cambridge. 
 
 Examination in Arts for the second year at Durham. 
 
 Local examination, Oxford (junior or senior). 
 
 Non-gremial examination, Cambridge (jimior or senior). 
 
 Examination of the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Exami- 
 nation Board (higher or lower certificates). 
 
 Matriculation examination at Dublin or London (not neces- 
 sarily in first division). 
 
SEKVIC'E U>"DER AKTlL'LES 195' 
 
 Examination for First-class Certificate of tlie College of Pre- 
 ceptors (40 & 41 Vie, cap. 25, sec. 10.) 
 
 Junior students' general examination, Owens College, Man- 
 chester. (Orders, December 5, 1877.) 
 
 Moderations examination at St. David's College, Lampeter. 
 (Orders, May 1, 1880.) 
 
 Preliminary examination at Victoria Universitj-. (Orders, 
 September 1, 1888.) Latin to be taken. 
 
 The Master of the Rolls, with the concurrence of the Lord 
 Chancellor and Lord Chief Justice, or (in case of diflerence) of one 
 of them, may, where under special chcumstances he sees fit so to 
 do, exempt any person from the preliminary examination either 
 entii'ely or partially, or subject to any such conditions as to him, 
 may seem fit (40 & 41 Vic, cap. 25, sec. 11). 
 
 All persons who have obtained certificates of having passed the 
 prelimiiary examination, or are exempt therefrom, inay enter into 
 articles of clerkship. 
 
 Seevice under Aeticles. 
 
 The periods of service required are — for graduates of universities PerioJs of 
 and for persons who have been called to the Bar, and are of less serrice. 
 than five years' standing as barristers — three years. (23 & 24 Vic, 
 cap. 127, sees. 2 & 3.) 
 
 Barristers of not less than five years' standing are not required 
 to enter into articles, but may be admitted after passing the final 
 examination. (40 & 41 Vic, cap. 25, sec 12.) 
 
 Persons who have been employed as bond fide clerks to solici- 
 tors for ten years before the date of their articles, and who have 
 been during that term hona fide engaged in the transaction and 
 j)erformance under the direction and superintendence of such soli- 
 citors, of such matters of business as are usually transacted and 
 performed b\' solicitors, and who can satisfy the examiners that 
 thej' have faithfully, honestly, and diligently served as such — three 
 years. (23 & 24 Vic, cap. 127, sec. 4.) 
 
 Persons who have passed the following examinations : — 
 
 First public examination before moderators at Oxford — four 
 years. 
 
 Previous examination at Cambridge — four years. 
 
 Examination in Arts for the second year at Durham — four years. 
 
 Entrance examination, Dublin — having passed in honours- 
 four years. 
 
 Blatriculation examination at London, having beoi placed in 
 the first division of such matriculation examination— four years. 
 
 Legal students"^ higher examination, Owens College, Man- 
 chester — four years. (40 & 41 Vic, cap. 25, sec. 13, and Orders of 
 December 5, 1877.) 
 
 02. 
 
196 
 
 SUMMARY OF REGULATIONS 
 
 stamp on 
 Hi-ticles. 
 
 Enrolment 
 of articles. 
 
 Intcrme- 
 iliate ex- 
 amination. 
 
 Time and 
 place of 
 examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Subjects of 
 examina- 
 tion. 
 
 Notice of eX' 
 fimination. 
 
 The moderations examinations at St. David's College, Lam- 
 peter— four years. (40 & 41 Vic, cap. 25, sec. 13, and Orders of 
 May 1, 1880.) 
 
 The preliminary examination at Victoria University, First 
 Division. Latin to be taken. (Order, September 1, 1888.) 
 
 All other persons — five years. 
 
 Articled clerks bound for four or five years may serve one year 
 with the London agent and one year with a barrister or special 
 pleader. Those bound for three years may serve one year with the 
 London agent, but they cannot serve any part of the term with a 
 barrister or special pleader. (6 & 7 Vic, cap. 73, sec. 6 ; 23 & 24 
 Vic, cap. 127, sees. 2 & 6.) 
 
 With reference to a clerk holding any office or engaging in any 
 employment other than that of clerk to the solicitor to whom he is 
 articled, see 37 & 38 Vic, cap. 68, sec. 4. 
 
 The stamp duty on the articles is £80. 
 
 The stamp duty on further articles is 10s. 
 
 The articles must be enrolled and registered at the Society's 
 Office within six months after execution. The fee payable to the 
 Incorporated Law Society is 5s. 
 
 When articles are left at the office of the Incorporated Law 
 Society for registration the certificate of having passed the pre- 
 liminary examination or any of the examinations exempting firom 
 it must be produced. All certificates are returned with the 
 articles. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION. 
 
 All articled clerks, with certain exceptions, are required to pass 
 the intermediate examination. (40 and 41 Vic, cap. 25, sees. 4 and 
 5, and Regulations of November 27, 1877, sec. 15, et seq.) 
 
 The intermediate examination is held in January, April, June, 
 and N ovember in each year, at the Hall of the Incorporated Law 
 Society. (Regulations, November 27, 1877, sees. 12 and 13.) 
 
 The subjects of intermediate examination are such elementary 
 works on the laws of England as the Examination Committee may 
 from time to time appoint for that purpose. (Same Regulations, 
 sec. 14.) 
 
 The particular books selected for the examination are named in 
 the month of July in the year previous to that for which they are 
 selected. (Same Regulations, sec 14.) 
 
 Every candidate is required to give thirty days' notice in writing 
 before the date of the examination at which he proposes to be 
 examined and to leave at the Incorporated Law Society's office his 
 article and any farther articles, diily stamped and registered, to- 
 gether with his certificate of preliminary examination (unless he 
 shall have been exempted therefi:om) and answers to the questions 
 as to due service and conduct up to that time. (Same Regulations, 
 sec 17.) 
 
IXTEEIVIEDIATE EXAMINATION 197- 
 
 If the candidate passes the examination he will receive a certifi- 
 cate to that eifect ; but in case he fails to do so he may, provided 
 he has given the proper notice, attend any subsequent examination ; 
 but if he shall not have passed the examination before the expira- 
 tion of twelve calendar months next after the date when one-half 
 of his term of service shall have expired, his examination at the 
 expiration of his term of service shall be postponed for so long a 
 period as may intervene between the expiration of such last- 
 mentioned twelve calendar months and his passing the examina- 
 tion, or for such shorter time as the Examination Committee shall 
 du-ect. (Regulations of November 27, 1877, sec. 16.) 
 
 The fee payable on giving notice for examination is £3. If n i 
 candidate does not present himself at the examination for which he 
 has given notice, or if he fails to pass such examination, he is 
 entitled, on giving at least fourteen days' written notice to the 
 Incorporated Law Society, to present himself at a subsequent 
 examination, and the fee payable by him on giving such notice for 
 any subsequent examination is £1 10s. (Orders, December 5, 1877, 
 and Eegiilations, November 27, 1877, sec. 26.) 
 
 Exemptions fkom the Intermediate Examination. 
 
 Any barrister of not less than five years' standing, who has 
 procured himself to be disbarred with a view to becoming a 
 solicitor, and has obtained from two of the Benchers of the Inn to 
 which he belongs, or belonged, a certificate of his being a fit and 
 proper person to practise as a solicitor, is not required to pass 
 the intermediate examination, and is entitled on passing the final 
 examination to be admitted and enrolled as a solicitor. He is not 
 required to have served under articles. (40 and 41 Vic, cap. 20, 
 sec. 12.) 
 
 The following certificates are accepted in place of the inter- 
 mediate examination, viz., (1) A certificate of having prior to or 
 after entering into articles passed the examination required for the 
 degree of B.C.L. or LL.B. at one of the following Universities in 
 the United Kingdom, viz. : Oxford, Cambridge, London, Victoria, 
 Dublin, or Durham ; or (2) A certificate of having prior to entering 
 into articles taken honours in the Pinal Honour School of Juris- 
 prudence at Oxford or in the Law Tripos at Cambridge. (Regula- 
 tions, April 1895.) 
 
 FINAL EXAMINATION. 
 
 All persons, except colonial attorneys of seven years' standing, riual ex- 
 are su.bject to this examination before they can be admitted as """'nation. 
 
108 
 
 SUMMARY OF EEGULATIOXS 
 
 solicitors. (40 and 41 Tie, cap. 25, sees. 4 and 5, and Begtilations, 
 November 27, 1877, sec. 20 et seq.) 
 
 The examination is held in January, April, June, and Novem- 
 her in each year at the Hall of the Incorporated Law Society. (Same 
 Kegnlations, sees. 20 and 21.) 
 Bnbjccts. The subjects of examination are as follows, namely : — 
 
 1. The Principles of the Law of Beal and Personal Property, 
 and the Practice of Conveyancing. 
 The Principles of Law and Procedure in matters usually 
 determined or administered in the Chancery Division of 
 the High Court of Justice. 
 The Principles of Law and Procedure in matters usually 
 detenninedor administered in the Queen's Bench Di%'ision 
 of the High Court of Justice, and the Law and Practice of 
 Bankruptcy. 
 The Principles of Law and Procedure in matters usually 
 determined or administered in the Probate, Divorce, and 
 Admiralty Division of the High Court of Justice ; Eccle- 
 siastical and Criminal Law and Practice; and Proceedings 
 before Justices of the Peace. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. 
 
 "Where articles of clerkship expire between 
 a"'i 1^ ^ I Candidates maybe examined in January ; 
 
 April 14 and [ 
 May 22 J 
 
 May 21 and \ 
 Nov. 2 J 
 
 Nov. 1 in any year and 
 Jan. 11 in the succeeding 
 
 year 
 
 " f 
 
 April ; 
 
 June ; 
 
 Tin November preceding 
 J such last-mentioned 
 I year, or at any sub- 
 i. sequent examination. 
 
 Notieetrf OS 
 aminatiojj. 
 
 Fees. 
 
 Every candidate, at least forty-two days before the date of the 
 examination, is required to give the Incorporated Law Society 
 written notice of his desire to be examined. The notice must state 
 the candidate's place or places of residence, and of service under 
 articles for the last preceding twelve months, together with the 
 name or names and place or places of residence of the person or 
 persons with whom he has served during his articles. He is also 
 required (unless he presents himself for examination under 40 & 41 
 "Vic, cap. 25, sec. 12) to leave his articles and any assignment 
 thereof, or supplemental articles, duly stamped and registered, and 
 answers to tlie questions as to service and conduct up to that time. 
 <Begulations, November 27, 1877, sec. 23.) 
 
 The fee payable on giving notice for examination is £5. If a 
 candidate does not present himself at the examination for whicli he 
 
ADMISSION 199 
 
 has given notice, or if he fails to pass such examination, he is 
 entitled, on giving at least fourteen written days' notice to the 
 Incorporated Law Society, to present himself at any subsequent 
 examination, and the fee payable by him on giving such notice for 
 any subsequent examination is £2 10s. (Orders of December 5, 
 1877.) 
 
 The certificate of having passed the final examination enables OertiScoic. 
 the clerk to obtain admission as a solicitor. (40 & 41 Vic, cap. 
 25, sec. 5.) 
 
 Admission. 
 
 A notice of admission must be given six weeks at least before Notice cf 
 the first day of the month in which the applicant proposes to be admittJui. 
 admitted. This notice is to be delivered at the office of the Society, 
 and is to state the applicant's place or places of abode or service for 
 the last preceding twelve months, and the name and place or abode 
 of the solicitor or solicitors to whom he was articled or assigned. 
 (SoKcitors Act, 1888. Rules, Part III.) 
 
 No person can be admitted until he has attained twenty-one 
 years of age and his term of service has expired. 
 
 HONOURS EXAMINATION. 
 {Begulaiions, March 28, 1879.) 
 
 Notice of the desire of a candidate to compete for honours must Notice of 
 be given when he gives notice of final examination. tkm™"'" 
 
 The fee payable on giving notice for the examination is £1, p^^ ' 
 
 The examination for honours will be held at the Hall of the ,j,j^ 
 Incorporated Law Society, on Thursday and Friday, in the same place. 
 week as the final examination. 
 
 The subjects for the honours examination will be the same as subjec'.s. 
 those specified for the final examination. 
 
 Candidates considered deserving of honorary distinction at the Order 
 honours examination will be arranged in three classes, viz. : — ment. 
 
 Class 1. The candidates wiU be arranged in order of merit, 
 
 and each of them will receive a prize in addition to his 
 
 class certificate. 
 Class 2. The candidates will be arranged alphabetically, and 
 
 each of them will receive a class certificate. 
 Class 3. The candidates will be arranged alphabetically, and 
 
 each of them will receive a class certificate. 
 
 The names of all candidates who attain honorary distinction 
 
 will be printed in the Handbook of the Incorporated Law 
 Society. 
 
 At each honours examination the following prizes will be ^warli. 
 
Approximate 
 
 
 value 
 
 
 £21 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 10 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 each 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 200 SUMMARY 01" EEGULATIONS 
 
 awarded if the standard justifies the issue of a first-class list of 
 candidates : — 
 
 Prize. 
 
 The Eeardon Prize 
 
 Clement's Inn Prize 
 
 Clifford's Inn Prize 
 
 New Inn Prize 
 
 Law Society's Prize (as many as may be 
 
 required) 
 
 The John MackreU Prize .... 
 
 The value of each prize will be expended in the purchase of 
 legal, historical, or constitutional works, to be selected by the prize- 
 man. They will be bound at the Society's expense, and stamped 
 with its arms, provided that the price of each volume be not less 
 than 10«. 
 
 SPECIAL PRIZES. 
 
 Special The following prizes will be awarded according to the result of 
 
 prizes. y-^g honours examination during the year, viz. : — The Scott 
 
 Scholarship, the Broderip Gold Medal. 
 Special local The following special prizes are of a local character : — The 
 piizee. Timpron Martin Gold Medal, Liverpool; the John Atkinson 
 
 Gold Medal, Liverpool and Preston ; the Birmingham Law 
 Society's Gold Medal and Bronze Medal, Birmingham ; the 
 Stephen Heelis Prize, Manchester and Salford ; the Mellersh 
 Prize, Siurey and Sussex. 
 
 The conditions attached to these prizes and a note as to the 
 Travers-Smith Scholarships will be found on pp. 188-191. 
 
 THE McMAHON LAW SCHOLARSHIPS. 
 
 These Scholarships were founded at St. John's College, Cam- 
 bridge, in the year 1864, by Thomas Bros, of Lincoln's Inn, 
 Barrister-at-Law, the executor of James McMahon, of the 
 Inner Temple, Barrister-at-Law. One scholarship is vacant each 
 year. It produces 1501., and is tenable for four years. 
 
 Every Student of St. John's College, Cambridge, who has taken 
 his B.A. or LL.B. degree, and is not of sufficient standing to be 
 admitted to the degree of M.A. or LL.D., and who bona fide intends 
 to prepare himself for the practice of the law, either as a barrister 
 or a solicitor, is qualified to become a candidate for one of the 
 scholarships. 
 
 Every law student who at the time of his election to one of the 
 scholarships is not a member of one of the Inns of Court, or articled 
 to a solicitor, must within three months from the date of his election 
 enter himself as a student of an Inn of Court, or article himself to 
 a solicitor — otherwise he forfeits the scholarship. 
 
201 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 List of Candidates who obtained Honorary Distinction at the 
 Final Examination prior to January l&SOj and at the Honours 
 Examination since that date* 
 
 Law Society*s Prize, 
 c New Inn Prize. 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 *Langley, A. G. 
 
 *Wright, C. 
 *Beaven, A. 
 *Potter, H. C. 
 
 a ClifEord's Inn Prize, 
 t Daniel Reardon Prize. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1856. 
 
 Ceriiificate of Merit. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1857. 
 
 6 Clement's Inn Prize. 
 d John Mackrell Prize. 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 *Hebb, H. K. 
 *Boss, W. B. 
 *Walsh, W. H. 
 
 *Balden, E. 
 'Browne, W. 
 
 Easier Term, 1857. 
 Bradford, H. W. 
 Bainton, H. W. 
 Berridge, T. 
 Press, J. L. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1857. 
 Fallows, J., jun. 
 Forster, W. S. 
 Bandies, W. H. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1857. 
 
 *Philbrick,F.A.(B.A.) 
 •Walters, W. M. 
 *Eobinson, J. P. 
 
 Geach, H. H. 
 Fitzhugh, A. J. 
 Swinden, C. 
 
 *Blaki8ton, M. F. 
 *Broomhead, B. P. 
 *Wrigley, H. 
 *Eobarts, F. H. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1858. 
 Baker, H. L. 
 Barker, T. W. 
 Hall, F. T. 
 Howard, B. 
 Mason, H. E. 
 Thorowgood, F. W. 
 
202 
 
 HONOUES 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 •Walford, H. H. 
 *Mnxchant, T. 
 (B.A.) 
 
 ♦Tattershall, W. E. 
 *Tanner, E. 
 
 aBadham, G. 
 fcCrump, J. F. 
 *Kimber, H. 
 *Pearless, W. A. 
 *Tyrrell, H. 
 
 aWestern, E. Y. 
 6 Slater, J. 
 "Payne, E. 
 "Fearon, C. T. 
 *Carritt, F. B. 
 
 <iGreen, M. 
 ♦Baker, E. H. IM. 
 'Hills, O. L. 
 *Snowdon, H. 
 
 dMnis, C. 
 *Coe, A. F. 
 •Lisle, W. 
 *Mumford, G. E. 
 
 aEawlins, C. M. 
 *Swan, E. 
 *Payiie, J. 
 
 Eastbk Tbkm, 1«58. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 Barker, H. 
 W. Bellamy, W. L. 
 Edge, J. B. 
 Heyes, E. H. 
 Nicholson, H. 
 Eae, G. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1858. 
 
 I Venning, J. J. E. 1 
 
 j Watkins, E. | 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1858 
 Sedgfield, \V. S. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1859. 
 Gowlard, L. 
 EUett, E. 
 Ivimey, H. 
 Lewis, E. 
 
 Easier Teem, 1859. 
 Atkinson, J, 
 Broatch, E. 
 Calthrop, J. G. 
 Cooper, E. M. 
 Jacobs, J. L. 
 Leigh, J. T. 
 Prmce, W. T. 
 Steward, J. C. T. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1859. 
 Chester, J. 
 Guy, H. C. 
 Lucas, A. 
 Mills, W. P. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1859 
 Dixon, G. C. 
 Lanwarne, T. 
 Middleton, S. D. B. 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 Owen, A. H. 
 Eoberts, E. F. 
 Earle, H. 
 
 Ward, J. 
 Beck, W. 
 Fenton, J. B. 
 
 Clarke, E. H. 
 Foster, W. 
 Head, W. A. 
 Jelf, J. 
 Sorrel], J. B. 
 
 Jones, E. M. 
 Treasure, H. 
 
 Gill, H. E. 
 Willett, H. S. 
 
HONOUES 
 
 203 
 
 Piizemen. 
 
 •Holdswortli, C. J. 
 
 oTaylor, J. 0. H. 
 6Littlewood, R. J. 
 *Shoard, J. (LL.B.) 
 •Batchelor, J. 
 •Duncan, C. W, 
 
 aAllen, G. P. 
 *Eam, W. 
 *Handson, H. 
 •Beard, J. T. 
 
 ♦Boyle, W. C. 
 *Eowley, A. B. 
 *Harding, A. E. 
 *Clarke, A. H. 
 
 aHawkins, F. J. 
 *Finch, E. 
 *Jackson, A, 
 *Toiiikmson, F. W. 
 
 Foster, C. T. 
 JIurray, H. 
 Parker, H. W. 
 Ponsford, T. 
 
 Eldred, C. J. 
 
 Certificate ef Merit. Oommeudation, 
 
 I Paget, T. E. 
 Prichaid, H. G. 
 Renny, W. 
 Soames, F. L. 
 
 Hilary Teem, 1860. 
 Chambley, G. H. 
 Matthews, M. 
 Sikes, J. C. 
 WoUen, J. W. G. 
 
 Easter Term, 1860. 
 Mayhew, W. 
 Brooking, N. 
 Daniel, G. A. 
 Dowson, B. 
 Glasier, J. S. B. 
 Harding, W. S. 
 Houseman, H. 
 Jones, J. G. 
 Middleton, J. W. 
 Pemberton, H. L. 
 Eussell, H. 
 Squire, D. B. 
 Tanner, W. B. 
 Taunton, J. B. (LL.B.) 
 Taylor, J. H. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1860. 
 KiUick, H. F. Beasley, T. 
 
 Bailey, F. J. Bidlake, J. 
 
 Hewitt, T. 
 Leadbitter, T. F. 
 Priestly, J. H. 
 Rhodes, J. 
 Eoberts, J. H. 
 Soden, A. J. 
 Stephenson, E. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1860. 
 
 Baker, T. M. Field, Basil (B.A.) 
 
 Dabymple, W. C. Halse, E. W. D. C. 
 
 HeUard, J. A. Hart, E. 
 
 Lindo, G. Kempson, E. F. 
 
 Eogers, W. Miller, D. T. 
 
 Steedman, H. Stockton, J. 
 
 "Wigglesworth, W. 
 
204 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 «Bartlett, T. H. 
 *Fox, A. 
 *Spencer, T. W. 
 
 Hilary Term, 18C1. 
 
 Certificate of Merit, 
 
 Blyth, E. 
 Gedge, P. 
 Eeid, A. H. 
 Sheffield, T. N. 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 Bewley, E. W. 
 Knott, J. P. 
 Pearse, J. (B.A.) 
 Scale, M. 
 Sparkes, W. J. 
 Stanley, F. 
 Trythall, W. 
 Urry, T. H. 
 Whittington, T. 
 
 a*Moser, J. J. 
 6Grey, J. W. B. 
 *Goodman, T. 
 *North, J. W. 
 *Messiter, F. 
 
 Easter Term, 1861. 
 
 Brevitt, T. 
 Foster, E. B. C. P. 
 Moberly, W. H. 
 Price, J. 
 Tilly, W. 
 Wintringham, J. 
 
 Bleby, H. W. (B.A.) 
 Crmnp, W. A. 
 Knott, J. H. 
 Mayhew, S. 
 
 <iLavie, G. (M.A.) 
 iBannister, C. A. 
 *Churton, W. H. 
 *Thomas, W. C. 
 ■*Buckley, C. 
 *Tillett, A. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1861. 
 
 Botterill, H. 
 Cuddon, G. J. 
 Lake, B. G. 
 Lawes, H. F. 
 Lowe, C. F. 
 Nunneley, F. H. 
 Palmer, F. D. 
 Pamphilon, F. W. 
 
 Brown, G. 
 EUiott, S. J. 
 Nunn, J. B. 
 Shepherd, W. C. 
 Watkins, W. T. P. 
 
 <iPearless, J. E. 
 •Cornish, H. H. 
 *TiU, W. J. 
 ■*Lindo, A. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1861, 
 
 Ansdell, T. F. 
 Greatwood, F. E. 
 Gush, W. F- 
 Milward, E. H. 
 
 Holmes, J. 
 Wiltshire, C. H. 
 Edelston, T. 
 
 aAddison, J. 
 ilnskip, J. 
 *Fawcett, W. E. 
 *Eicketts, W. T. 
 *Chalk, E. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1862. 
 
 Sykes, J. W. 
 Berger, L. J. 
 Chittock, J. C. 
 Steward, F. W. 
 Bosanquet, W. H. 
 Phillips, J. 
 
 Birks, H. 
 
Prizemen. 
 
 aSimpson, E. P. 
 dSiuith, J. 
 ^Anderson, C. H. 
 *Taylor, H. M. 
 *Peard, J. D. 
 'Todd, C. J. 
 *Margetts, C. B. 
 
 aEoberts, E. F. 
 ^'SheUy, J. 
 *Sedgefield, W. J. 
 "Bramble, J. E. 
 ■ Trinder, H. W. 
 
 aStone, F. W. 
 6Booth, S. S. 
 *Dixon, S. B. 
 *Bii-t, D. 
 
 aHarrison, C. 
 ■■'John, J. H. 
 *Sword, A. B. D. 
 *Woodcock, J. 
 "EoUit, A. K. 
 
 aOgle, J. P. 
 'DaUow, T. 
 ' Coulson, J. H. 
 ^Nicholson, E. 
 
 HONOURS 
 Easter Teem, 1862. 
 
 certificate of Merit. 
 Adams, G. 
 Bradshaw, T. 
 ClenneU, W. C. (B.A.) 
 Francis, E. C. (B.A.) 
 Kirby, 0. 
 
 Trinity Teem, 1862. 
 Abbey, J. T. 
 Ansell, J. 
 Dransfield, J. N. 
 Fellows, W. H. 
 Nelson, E. E. 
 Eickards, M. S. C. 
 Steward, C. E. 
 
 20& 
 
 CommcudiiLion. 
 
 Sedgwick, G. A. 
 Bruty, W. J. 
 Jones, F. A. 
 Bradford, J. (LL.B.) 
 
 Letts, H. 
 Manby, W. 
 Watson, J. 
 Ikin, H. 
 Wbatley, T. 
 Nightingale, F. C. 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1862. 
 Gorton, F. G. 
 Houghton, 0. 
 Low, O. 
 Lyon, T. P. 
 Thomas, H. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1863. 
 
 Beaumont, T. 
 : Cadman, H. 
 ! Goodman, T. D. 
 
 Loosemore, E. F. 
 i Waeick, J. H. 
 
 Webber, J. 
 
 Wilcox, F. H. 
 
 Curtis, A. 
 Jackson, J. G. 
 
 Swann, J. F. 
 Dale, E. A. 
 Goffey, T. 
 Cox, A. T. 
 
 Faster Teem, 1863. 
 Caddick, A. 
 Footner, A. 
 Freeman, A. C. 
 Hutton, W. J. 
 Lewin, S. H. (B.A.) 
 Lister, C. A. 
 Jlurly, H. E. 
 Nutt, G. J. 
 Slade, J. 
 Snaith, E. O. 
 Snow, H. 
 
 Barrett, W. B. 
 Wallis, W. 
 
206 
 
 HOXOURS 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 flWebb, \V. 
 f *Bretherton, C. S. 
 'HaUam, T. W. H. 
 "Pye-Smith, J. W. 
 ♦Turner, J. E. 
 
 i 
 
 Trinity Tebm, 1863. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 Carr, H. J. 
 Cooper, W. 
 Green, G. S. 
 Hardy, J. C. 
 Hill, J. E. G. 
 Eanwell, W. 
 Townend, J. H. 
 
 Commendation- 
 Adams, J. E. 
 Rooks, G. A. 
 Sheppard, C. 
 Smith,H.W.(M.A.) 
 Stroud, F. 
 
 «Ponting, T. 
 iCrowther, A. H. 
 *Bolton, J. 
 *Burkiiishaw, J. 
 *Chamley, W. M. 
 
 Michaelmas Tebm, 1863. 
 
 Braithwaite, E. H. 
 Creed, W. 
 Dickson, S. J. E. 
 Evans, W. J. 
 Jackaman, H. M. 
 McDiarinid, J. 
 Haddock, P. T. 
 Powell, G. T. 
 
 Goodwin, W. H. 
 Hornby, D. (B.A.) 
 Thornbum, W. 
 Wingate, T. 
 
 «tWarmington, C. M. 
 SWaterhouse, T. (B.A.) 
 *Chandler, J. W. 
 r*Bright, A. (M.A.) 
 ■ 'Gabb, J. W. (B.A.) 
 •Hewitt, J. A. 
 *Smith, E. B. 
 
 Hilary Teem, 1864. 
 
 Earle, N. A. 
 Greene, J. S. 
 Hewlett, E. 
 Penley, C. A. A. 
 Soames, J. 
 Turner, S. G. 
 
 Harris, S. 
 Martin, T. 
 Thomas, B. (B.A.) 
 
 «Gregson, W. 
 *Milton, J. P. 
 
 Easter Teem, 1864. 
 
 Davies, W. G. [ 
 
 Elkins, F. 
 
 FoUett, C. J. (B.C.L.) 
 
 Kemiett, G. B. 
 
 rtSmallpiece, F. F. 
 *MarshaU, J. M. 
 •Stewart, W. H. 
 ■'Taylor, F. 
 •Buchanan, G. 
 *Goodman, F. 
 •Harris, W. B. 
 •Hitchins, W. 
 •Eawle, T. 
 
 Tkinity Teem, 1864. 
 
 Adams, F. 
 AUen, C. E. 
 Arundell, C. 
 Bull, E. 
 Burton, P. M. 
 Harvie, E. C. 
 Mytton, T. 
 Ogle, H. M. 
 Toller, W. H. 
 
 Cook, J. 
 Masters, F. H. 
 Rogers, G. A. 
 Wood, E. S. 
 
 I 
 
HONOURS 
 
 207 
 
 Prizcmeu. 
 oDoM, J. P. 
 6Bradbury, J. G. 
 *Sayles, L. C. 
 *Phabrick, H. 
 *Parker, F. E. 
 *Fitch, F. G. 
 ♦Booth, J. 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1804. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 Baker, A. 
 Barnes, H. 
 Burra, E. 
 Cave, W. E. 
 Hepburn, J. S. 
 Nowell, T. 
 Stanley, T. H. 
 Tatham, L. 
 
 Commeadation. 
 
 aN alder, J. 
 SHodson, W. H. 
 *Lane, J. P. 
 •Keary, W. P. 
 •Kirkman, W. W. 
 
 Hilary Teem, 1865. 
 
 BeU, C. 
 Bird, A. 
 Brooks, W. E. 
 Clabburn, J. W. 
 Lambert, T. H. 
 Pugh, E. B. 
 Thomas, G. W. 
 Trimmer, E. 
 Wood, W. 
 
 Ditton, A. G. 
 Warwick, H. S. 
 Groves, W. (B.A.) 
 
 eiWightman, A. 
 *Himter, L. 
 *Larken, F. E. 
 *Stamp, E. A. 
 
 Eastee Teem, 1865. 
 
 Amos, J. J. 
 Bury, T. 
 Jones, W. E. 
 Porter, J. B. 
 Tilsley, H. 
 
 Mesnard, C. L. 
 Kilvington, F. E. 
 Poncione, J. P. 
 Smale, W. 
 
 aFreeman, J. C. 
 *Hohnes, W. 
 *Smythe, F. C. D. 
 •Chambers, W. G. 
 *Clare, S. P. 
 ^Taylor, W. 
 
 Teinity Teem, 1865. 
 
 Artindale, T. F. 
 Bramley, H. 
 Corbett, F. 
 Daw, S. J. 
 Marsh, W. E. 
 Tweedy, H. J. 
 
 Buckland, F. 
 Graham, J. E. T. 
 
 aScott, J. 
 SEastwood, T. W. 
 *Hargreaves, T. E. 
 
 f*Banks, J. D. 
 •i *Goody, O. S. 
 
 L*Green, T. 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1865. 
 
 Buller, A. G. 
 Herbert, W. H. 
 Hodding, F. 
 Limn, E. 
 Mammatt, E. F. 
 
 Munton, F. K, 
 
208 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 aFrench, D. O'C. 
 fcSalmon, C. E. 
 *Marcy, G. N. 
 *Hainniond, T. F. 
 *Leonard, H. S. 
 ♦Kiddiford, G. F. 
 •Turner, B. 
 *Monkhouse, J. C. 
 
 E. 
 
 Hilary Teem, 1866. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 Bythway, E. 
 Cartmell, S. 
 Crewe, W. O. 
 Daintrey, G. 
 Eaton, G. H. 
 Jeffes, T. E. 
 Keays, F. L. 
 Lawton, T. 
 Noton, T. 
 PowyB, A. V. A. 
 Preston, C. S. 
 Sanderson, A. H. 
 Young, T. P. (LL.B.) 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 Glutterbuck, R. H. 
 Tomkinson, T. H. 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Robinson, A. W. 
 Harper, T. E. 
 
 WeUs, A. A. (LL.B.) 
 
 Woolsey, J. W. 
 *Mourilyan, E. J. T. J. 
 *Peele, R. 
 *Cullimore, J. 
 *Lawson, G. S. 
 *Moore, W. E. 
 
 Easter Term, 1866. 
 Deverell, J. C. (B.A.) 
 Kershaw, J. 
 Vincent, L. P. 
 
 Williams, H. 
 
 (M.A.) 
 
 S. 
 
 oCoUins, J. R. 
 •Nalder, F. 
 ♦PhiUips, F. H. 
 *Frost, F. K. 
 
 Trinity Term, 18C0. 
 Browne, E. M. 
 Mountain, T. 
 Scott, A. E. 
 Smith, J. H. 
 
 Scott, C. (B.A.) 
 
 aFraser, W. J. 
 /6Cory, W. H. 
 1 'Flux, E. H. 
 *Bache, W. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1866. 
 Brown, R. 
 Horner, W. H. 
 Sawyer, W. P. 
 
 Russell, P. M. 
 Jennings, H. 
 
 aHarris, 0. W. 
 6Budge, P. V. 
 *Renshaw, A. G. 
 *Montagu, H. 
 *Hand, H. 
 Hopper, I. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1867.- 
 Brown, H. 
 Durnford, H. M. 
 Hazeldine, J. E. L. 
 Johnson, A. B. 
 Leman, R. E. 
 Maples, W. 
 Morris, AY. 
 
 Coleboui-n, W. H. 
 Jarmain, W. J. 
 Reeve, W. 
 Smith, E. 
 Stephens, H. A. 
 
HONOUES 
 
 209 
 
 rrizemen. 
 
 aLearoyd, S. 
 fcBaker, W. F. 
 t*Byrne, G. W. 
 *Hines, T. S. 
 
 aYoTing, E. H. 
 cBarker, C. M. 
 *Gardiner, V/. 
 . *Lewis, A. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 Smith, S. Le B. 
 Thomas, E. D. 
 Walls, J. P. 
 Wolfe, F. 
 Woolf, S. 
 
 Eastek Term, 1867. 
 Bentham, J. J. 
 Clulow, J. W. 
 Nelson, J. 
 Shaw, V. J. Y. 
 
 Trinity Term, 18G7. 
 Archer, W. 
 Bennett, E. A. 
 Copland, J. 
 Drake, F. N. 
 Esam, C. G. 
 Gibson, J. 
 Harper, W. 
 Hunter, B. (M.A.) 
 Stirling, H. (M.A.) 
 Turner, C. H. 
 
 Commendatid], 
 
 aMosely, M. S. 
 SStraugham, K. 
 •Kendall, F. H. 
 *Jones, J. J. 
 *Corbett, -J. S. 
 *Tucker, J. E. 
 *Lewis, G. 
 *Glaseodine, C. II. 
 
 aMilne, J. F. 
 6Mihies, J. J. 
 *Eobinson, H. J. 
 *Powell, A. 
 "Eackham, W. S. 
 
 aHarris, T. W. 
 
 cJoseph,G. S.(B.A 
 - *Kidson, C. 
 
 *Vizard, A. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1807. 
 DuUy, B. 
 Freeman, C. E. 
 Heygate, J. 
 Lindop, T. C. (B.A.) 
 May, H. E. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1808. 
 Chamberlain, H. 
 Huntington, E. C. 
 Kelly, J. 
 
 Easter Teem, 1808. 
 Botterell, J. J. D. 
 ) Mountford, J. W. 
 Scott, J. 
 Woodcock, E. H. 
 
 Campbell, B. 
 Chalk, F. 
 Eoscorla, J. 
 Sharman, C. E. 
 Taylor, C, J. H. 
 P 
 
210 
 
 HONOUES 
 
 Prizemen. 
 aWillins, W. P. 
 cBischoif, T. W. 
 *Bridgman, E. J. 
 'Symes, W. H. 
 ♦Walker, S. J. 
 *Sutcliffe, J. T. 
 •English, E. M. 
 
 aBoberts, J. 
 6Marsh, J. 
 *Broughall, J. W. 
 *King, A. J. 
 •'■Chew, W. L. 
 *Prichard, W. S. 
 
 aKenny, C. S. 
 6Grey, F. B. 
 *Brook, \V. H. 
 *Bea], E. W. (B.A.) 
 
 Trinity Teem, 1868. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 I Cartwright, F. F. 
 ; Chalk, J. C. 
 
 Collins, C. 
 
 Gasquet, C. 
 
 Johnson, F. 
 
 Kirby, F. J. F. 
 
 Middlewood, G. 
 
 Smith, A. E. [ 
 
 Smith, W. A. ! 
 
 I Twynam, C. H. i 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1808. 
 Ashbridge, J. 
 Buchanan, W. G, 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 (iGarbiitt, C. J. 
 cTebbs, H. 
 *Williams, A. 
 
 aWarburton, "\V. 
 cSiddaU, T. M. 
 /•*Battishill, W. 
 
 (B.A.) 
 ■'Bm-i-ill, C. J. 
 "Cockcroft, A\'. 
 "Moore, E. T. 
 V'Petch, E. 
 
 Hignett, T. H. 
 Simpson, G. J. 
 
 HiLAEY Teem, 1869. 
 Alsop, J. W. (B.A.) 
 Corbett, J. A. 
 Costeker, C. 
 Harvey, H. C. (B.A.) 
 Osborne, H. J. 
 Prichard, T. 
 Wood, W. (B.A.) 
 Wynne, L. M. 
 Yomig, A. (LL.D.) 
 
 Easter Term, 1869. 
 Blake, W. S. 
 Bosworth, H. W. 
 Griffin, H. J. 
 Jones, M. P. 
 Payne, F. F. 
 
 Trinity Teem, 1869. 
 I Crowder, W. H. 
 I Jones, T. P. 
 
 Lookhart, L. C. 
 1 Eyley, J. 
 I Warner, E. L. 
 
 Wright, W. 
 
 Argyle, E. 
 
 Crisp, F. 
 Newey, E. C. 
 Warriner, E. 
 
HONOUKS 
 
 211 
 
 Pi'izenien. 
 aSewell, H. S. 
 iBeardsley, W. F. 
 *Damant, F. W. S. 
 *Cooper, J. E. 
 *Lumley, T. 
 *Brown, C. C. 
 
 aLingard, T. D. 
 iMozley, L. B. 
 *Beddall, A. 
 
 ( *Stockwood, T. 
 "(^Walmesley, O. 
 
 aHindle, F. G. 
 cWarr, A. F. 
 *Barton, W. M. 
 *Faiilkner, J. J. 
 
 ( *Dickinson, J. 
 
 (*Profitt, J. 
 •Attenborongh, J. 
 
 aHuxley, F. 
 cLisle, H. C. 
 *Cripps, E. 
 *Wace, G. E. 
 *Peter, A. P. 
 *Isaacson, W. W. 
 •Field, E. A. (B.A.) 
 
 MiCHAKLMAS TeRM, 1809. 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 Fowler, J. S. 
 Procter, A. C. 
 Katcliflf, E. T. 
 Simpson, H 
 
 Hilary Term, 1870. 
 Blaker, H. C. 
 Clarke, J. B. 
 McTurk, E. 
 Mann, W. J. 
 Prideaux, W. S. 
 
 Easier Term, 1870. 
 
 Frankland, J. 
 Hindmarsh, \V. T. 
 Taylor, L. W. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1870. 
 
 Baker, G. A. (B.A.) 
 Best, W. M. 
 Isaacs, J. 
 McQueen, G. B. 
 Mason, G. 
 Parrott, W. E. 
 Porrett, D. H. 
 Eogers, W. 
 Walford, L. N. 
 Woodward, H. 
 
 CDiuiueiidatiou. 
 
 Boycott, W. 
 Evett, G. S. (B.A.) 
 Martin, E. 
 Midgley, J. 
 Presswell, G. 
 
 Vanderpiimp, G. J. 
 
 Allen, J. M. 
 
 aSmith, S. B. 
 JBownass, J. T. 
 '■Salmon, E. A. 
 *ToUer, E. S. 
 *Ham'ond, T. A. 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1870. 
 
 Brodribb, U.B.(B.A.) 
 Crosby, G. 
 Davis, B. A. 
 Downes, E. 
 H. Harvie, A. G. 
 Mayer, F. C. 
 Page, S. W. 
 Plant, E. H. 
 
 Evans, A. 
 Eagles, E. D. 
 Sandford, H. 
 
212 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Special Prize, 1870. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 
 F. Huxley. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1870. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 S. B. Smith. 
 
 John AtMnson Prize. 
 L. B. Mozley. 
 
 Birmingham Latv Society's Prize. 
 J. B. Claxke. 
 
 rdzemen. 
 
 fflKooke, A. W. 
 6Hunnybun, E. AV. 
 *Lloyd, E. 
 *Vant, J. H. 
 *Kay, W. 
 
 aWilliams, W. D. 
 "Nixon, J. 
 ^Wright, C. E. 
 
 aGatey, G. 
 "Archer, C. J. 
 *Esam, W. B. 
 
 *Clark, E. T. 
 
 *Davies, E. G. 
 
 *Jones, G. 
 
 *Winstanley, W. J. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1871. 
 
 Ctrtificate of Merit. 
 Cronshey, C. W. 
 Boberts, E. C. 
 Carter, J. S. 
 
 Easter Term, 1871. 
 
 Cole, E. F. 
 Pearson, H. W. 
 Saxelbye, H. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1871. 
 
 Boutflower, E. 
 Brown, J. H. 
 Harrison, J. 
 HoUams, J. (B.A.) 
 Toller, B. B. 
 
 Cominendatiou* 
 Taylor, A. 
 Wade, H. 
 Lovegrove, P. 
 
 Maitland, E. 
 Pinson, J. D. 
 Pointon, A. 
 
 oMowell, E. W. 
 JAvory, H. K. 
 *Jones, J. E. 
 *Binney, A. J. 
 *Wood, W. 
 
 /^Stevens, C. E. 
 
 tnVaLker, P. 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 1871. 
 
 Bartlett, 0. S. 
 Braithwaite, S. N. 
 Peile, A. E. 
 Steinberg, G. H. 
 Turner, E. F. 
 
HONOURS 
 Special Prize, 1871. 
 
 Fra7icis Broderip Prize. 
 S. N. Braithwaite. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1871; 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 W. J. Winstanley. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 W. J. Winstanley. 
 
 213 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 aLubbock, E. 
 
 f iPowell, E. 
 
 t *Shepheara, B. 
 *Cook, J. 
 *Coffins,W.E. 
 *Ashmall, G. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1872. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 Boulton, A. G. 
 Chester, S. 
 Cojdham, G. J. 
 Gray, E. 
 Herman, H. E. 
 Lake, G. E. i 
 
 Owen, C. H. 
 PiUey, S., jun. 
 Vaughan, F, 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 Ockerby, H. 
 Herington, W. H. 
 Craven, W. B. 
 Kawliuson, J. 
 
 aCharles, H. P. 
 *Harwood, T. 
 /*Bevir, H. 
 *Fulfora, E. L. 
 ■ *Gordon, J. P. 
 (*Peach, K. 
 
 Eastee Term, 1872. 
 
 Bobbett, A. E. 
 Carter, I. J. 
 Errington, J. 
 Loader, E. C. 
 Lyons, H. O. 
 Postlethwaite, W. 
 Eoberts, C. T. K. 
 Scott, S. C. 
 
 aSmith, E. A. 
 *Loye, J. 
 *Amold, H. L. 
 *McKee, S. J. 
 *TiUy, T. H. 
 *Webb, W. 
 *Deacon, C. F. 
 
 Trinitx Term, 1872. 
 
 Calkin, J. W. A.] 
 Davis, M. 
 Garratt, G. 
 Hiighes, H. 
 James, G. C. 
 Symonds, J. E. 
 
 Francis, W. E. 
 Goodman, T. A, 
 Pilditch, F. S. 
 Eobinson, S. 
 
2jl4 
 
 HONOUES 
 
 rnzemen. 
 aladermaur, J. 
 iSpink, G. P. 
 *Taylor, F. O. 
 *Thorne, E. H. 
 
 *Halkyard, H. 
 
 *Hunneybun, G. 
 
 *Walker, E. H. 
 
 *Weatherhead, J. 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1872. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 I Fargus, H. B. 
 ! Francis, W. 
 
 Ginn, S. B. 
 
 Hoar, E. 
 
 Homblower, W. 
 
 Bomer, T. A. 
 
 Stallard, W. T. (B.A. 
 K. 
 
 Commendation 
 
 Atkins, M. G. 
 Izod, G. H. 
 
 SpeciaIi Pkize, 1872. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 
 E. A. Smith. 
 
 Local Prize, 1872. 
 
 Birminghatn Law Society's Prize. 
 
 AValter Homblower. 
 
 f dSaxon, W. J. 
 
 I 5Witty, E. J. 
 
 f *Grenside, H. N. 
 
 l*Nicholson, E. J. 
 *Whitfield, W. H. 
 *Weyman, H. T. 
 
 aBlyth, W. 
 *Pinsent, E. A. 
 *Long, J. 
 *Hatten, C. E. 
 
 aCheale, S. A. 
 *Parton, G. A. 
 
 f^'Cozens-Hardy, S. 
 
 I *Winnett, H. S. 
 *Burrell, W. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1873. 
 
 Addison, G. A. H. 
 AUen, H. E. 
 Cartwright, W. T. 
 Cockshott, J. J. 
 Griffithes, T. P. 
 Loftos, T. 
 Pittis, E. E. 
 Bound, H. T. (B.A.) 
 
 Easter Teem, 1873. 
 
 Brown, W. 
 
 Fry, W. 
 
 Smith, F. T. (B.A.) 
 
 Trinity Term, 
 
 Baldrey, S. H. 
 CoUins, F. S. 
 GiUett, W. E. 
 Hawkins, M. 
 Hitching, H. 
 Paxton, J. 
 Pritchard, H. 
 Eogers, A. T. 
 Smith, W. H. G. 
 TaJiner, W. 
 
 Hemingway, E, 
 Shaw, T. 
 Thompson, J. 
 
 1873. 
 
 WiUiams, W. I. 
 Wright, S. 
 
 Codd, W. (B.A.) 
 
HONOURS 
 
 215 
 
 Michaelmas Term, 18T3. 
 
 ' Prizemen. Certificate of Merit. Commeudation. 
 
 aMureott, E. Booth, J. E. I 
 
 iJeaus, J. L. Gardner, T. D. ! 
 
 *Smith, H. J. Hankinson, G. H. 
 
 *DaVies, J. T. Strick, T. N. T. 
 
 *Hime, G. WaUingford, A. B. 
 
 *Cuminms, G. B. Wright, G. K. | 
 
 Special Frizes, 1873. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 
 H. N. Grenside. 
 
 James Scott Scholarship. 
 E. Murcott. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1873. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 G. B. Ciunnims. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 
 G. Hime. 
 
 Birminghain Law Society's Prise. 
 K. A. Pinsent. 
 
 aHepbum, AV. A. 
 6Dixon, J. A. 
 nVoodroffe, G. G. 
 *Samson, C. L. 
 *Beaumont, H. 
 
 aMoore, A. G. 
 *Pryce, C. A. 
 *Pitt, W. A. 
 *Dyson, T. A. 
 *Gregson, J. H. 
 *Jones, W. E. L. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1874. 
 
 Grundy, J. 
 Heseltine, A. 
 Jennings, I. G. 
 Morley, W. 
 Pearse, W. B. 
 Tilleard, J. A. 
 Watts, A. 
 
 Easter Term, 1874. 
 
 Worth, J. T. 
 Hennessy, C. P. 
 Gibson, A. 
 
 Taylor, T. M. 
 Barker, R. 
 Budd, S. (B.A.) 
 Gearey, F. 
 Hudson, T. 
 
 Pearce, T. 
 
216 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 1 
 
 Trinity Tjsrm, 1874. 
 
 -Pilmmea; Certificate of Merit. CummcniUtion. 
 
 r aBrown, E. S. Bolinbroke, L. E. 
 
 I cJones, J. H. Clowes, J. S. 
 
 •Pybus, W. M. Dsivies, J. D. 
 
 *Pisher, T. Flower, J. H. 
 
 •Morton, C. H. Forster, C. D. 
 
 Bubinstein, M. S. 
 Scowcroft, W. 
 : Shittler, J. K. 
 
 Michaelmas Teem, 1874. 
 aWaUis, A. Bruges, F. H. Vernon, J. 
 
 iPerry, E. E. Holmes, P. Haines, G. W. 
 
 ' "Brough, J. James, E. P. 
 
 Hands, J. Lees, J. E. 
 
 I Nelson, E. C. 
 Norris, G. H. 
 Shaw, E. 
 Wooley, G. H. 1 
 
 Special Prizes, 1874. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 
 C. A. Pryce. 
 
 James Scott Scholarshiji. 
 C. A. Pryce. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1874. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 C. H. Morton. 
 
 John AtJcinson Prize. 
 C. H. Morton. 
 
 Binnivgham Law Society's Fri^c. 
 T. Fisher. 
 
 «Paice, C. 
 iSimpson, W. M. 
 *Walton, E. P. 
 *Doggett, H. G. 
 *Benson, E. (B.A.) 
 'Walters, E. (B.A.) 
 *Wightwick, H. M. 
 ♦Buckley, J. F. 
 
 Hilary Term, 1875. 
 ■ Curtis, W. J. 
 ; Neish, G. W. (B.A.) 
 ' Owen, J. McC. 
 I Peter, C. H. 
 I Eenshaw, A. H. 
 
 Kearsey, F. 
 Shelton, E. L. 
 Williams, E. W. 
 ^\'right, T. 
 
HONOUBS 
 
 217 
 
 Prizemen, 
 
 aBradley, J. S. 
 fcElliott, G. de D. 
 I *Mackay, D. S. 
 
 Eastee TEaSi, 1875. 
 
 CertiHoate of Merit. 
 Butlin, J. F. 
 Byron, R. S. 
 Foord, T. H. E. 
 Grundy, A. W. 
 Haslam, J. B. 
 Morrison, G. W. 
 Morgan, J. 
 Stone, N. 
 Sweet, H. C. 
 
 Commendittioa. 
 
 flsCannon, W. W. 
 cFerns, A. E. 
 
 Trinity Term, 1875. 
 
 j Kent, G. C. I 
 
 I Morgan, A. | 
 
 Hill, C, R. 
 
 «Woods, J. C. 
 bJackson, W. 
 *Borlase, W. H. 
 *Atkinson, A. H. 
 *Bum, M. J. 
 *Beal, C. E. 
 
 KOVEMBEB, 1875. 
 
 Burrows, C. "W. 
 Clare, H. E. 
 Coleman, E. H. 
 Cowland, J. A. 
 Hacker, S. 
 Higgins, H. L. 
 Oliver*' A. H. 
 Paterson, A. E. 
 Runiney, H. 
 Slatter, J. 
 Upjohn, W. H. 
 Verrall, W. P. 
 Woodward, P. 
 
 Jones, S. K. 
 
 Special Pbizes, 1875. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize, 
 
 R. Benson. 
 
 James Scott ScJiolarsliip. 
 0. Paice. - 
 
 Local Pbizes, 1875. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize, 
 W. M. Simpson. 
 J. S. Bradley. 
 
 f : ') 
 
218 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 J. S. Bradley. 
 
 Birminghwm Law Society's Prize. 
 A. H. Atkinson. 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 osDendy, J. 
 feHughes, H. 
 *Thome, G. K. 
 
 January, 1876. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 Adshead, T. F. 
 Crewdson, H. 
 Greenwood, E. H. 
 
 Commendation 
 
 aWilliama, B. T. P. 
 cDransfield, J. H. 
 *Tree, W. W. A. 
 *Garrett, S. 
 
 April, 1876. 
 
 Bird, E. 
 Chadwick, C. 
 Fraser, R. S. 
 Hallilay, C. B. 
 Henderson, H. W. 
 Lincoln, J. G. 
 Marshall, F. 
 Perks, W. 
 Stevenson, G. F. 
 
 aNapier, T. B. 
 cVerity, T. S. 
 *Hannam, W. S. 
 "Middleton, J. 
 •■■Martelli, C. F. 
 
 (B.A.) 
 
 June, 1876. 
 
 Brown, E. M. 
 Clegg, A. 
 GUes, H. E. 
 Jones, G. 0. 
 Julius, A. O, 
 Lucas, E. 
 Marriott, J. 
 Maynard, W. H. 
 Moody, H. E. 
 Preston, D. J. 
 EoweU, G. 
 
 rtCarthew, G. H. 
 6Rogers, W. T. 
 *Pain, W. P. 
 "Bramall, A. M. 
 
 November, 1876. 
 Pritchard, W. B. 
 Metcalfe, A. T. 
 Page, T. E. 
 Mills, A. W. 
 Tickell, C. H. 
 EusseU, T. H. 
 Eogerson, A. E. 
 Smith, W. 
 
 Norris, J. B. (B.A." 
 Pride, W. H. 
 
HONOURS 
 
 219 
 
 Special Frizes, 187G. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 
 J, Dendy. 
 
 James Scott Scholarsliip. 
 T. B. Napier. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1876. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 W. T. Kogers. 
 
 John A tMnson Prize. 
 T. B. Napier. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 J. Dendy. 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 oMcKewan, E. F. 
 JStone, F. 
 'Rhodes, E. N. 
 
 January, 1877. 
 
 Cerfcificate of Merit, 
 
 Cope, A. M. 
 Dean, E. (LL.B.) 
 Edyvean, E. P. 
 Freeman, C. F. 
 Sheldrake, W. 
 Slater, J. A. (B.A.) 
 Stanton, F. 
 Worthington, J. L. 
 
 Commendation. 
 
 aWhitehouse, A. 
 cGatey, J. 
 *Hodgson, E. E. 
 *Taylor, G. A. A. 
 
 April, 1877. 
 
 Bailhache, C. 
 
 (LL.B.) 
 Crouch, W. 
 Dyer, B.A. 
 Gray, G. G. 
 Hood, T. 
 Norris, E. 
 Paisley, W. 
 Prior, G. C. 
 Smith, T. E. 
 
 M.I 
 
220 
 
 nONOUES 
 
 Prizemen. 
 «Peake, H. A. 
 cSimpson, W. 
 *Sparshatt, H. 
 *Munk, P. W. 
 ♦Mills, H. H. 
 •Parkes, E. B. 
 *Baker, A. A. 
 •Gilbert, S. G. 
 
 June, 1877. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 Brogden, P. C. 
 Fletcher, J. E. 
 Harrison, B. L. 
 Hewetson, J. 
 Ingoldby. J. A. P. 
 Marston, B. 
 Sherlock, A. J. B. 
 Smith, P. E. 
 Spiers, E. G. 
 VachelliC. P. 
 Woodforde, W. B. 
 
 Cojnmendation. 
 Morgan, G. J. 
 Dust, W. 
 
 aTaylor, D. W. B. 
 iWilliamson, K. W. 
 "Withers, J. N. 
 *May, C. G. 
 *Yeoman, J. 
 'Pennington, A. S. 
 
 NOVEMBEK, 1877. 
 
 Thome, G. H. 
 
 Tutin, G. 
 
 WaiTen, J. 0. (M.A.) 
 
 Ayrton, W. 
 Greenip, W. M. 
 
 Special Prizes, 1877. 
 
 Francis BrodeHp Prise. 
 
 H. A. Peake. 
 
 James Scott Scliolarshi^. 
 A. Whitehouse. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1877. 
 
 Timjjvon Martin Pri.-.c. 
 
 K. Norris. 
 
 John AtMnson Pri:e. 
 K. Norris. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prixe. 
 A. A. Baker. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prise. 
 B. E. Hodgson. 
 
HONOUES 
 
 221 
 
 Pi-izemcn. 
 
 oJoknsou, H. 
 ^Lambert, H. C. 
 •Stable, D. AV. 
 *Loxton, C. A. 
 *Ostell, J. 
 •MarshaU, C. F. 
 ♦Brook, E. F. 
 
 aPugh, G. H. 
 cDudding, H. A. 
 •Curtis, J. 
 *Etitson. A. H. 
 *Lake, F. A. 
 *Glyn, T. K. 
 
 January, 1878. 
 
 Certificate of aierit. 
 Bradley, A. 
 Bristow, J. G. (B.A.) 
 Chilton, E. F. 
 Hargraves, E. T. 
 Quick, E. H. 
 
 April, 187a 
 
 Armitage, A. 
 BodiUy, G. L. 
 Gidney, H. J. 
 Griffiths, E. T. 
 Gnibbe, G. C. 
 Scott, W. J. S. 
 Symons, W. C. 
 
 Commendation. 
 Atkinson, W. H. B. 
 
 Fuller, E.X.(LL.B.) 
 
 aWilson, A. M. 
 cAnderson, J. T. 
 *Plews, H. 
 •Lightbound, C. A. 
 *Eamsden, W. 
 'Newman, A. 
 •Carpenter, E. H. 
 ♦Ward, H. E. 
 •Kingsford, C. E. 
 *Eudd, W. 
 
 M, 
 
 June, 1878. 
 
 Bulcock, H. 
 Evans; F. A. 
 Fenton, A. J. 
 Fletcher, A. H. J. 
 Francis, J. S. 
 Hartley, H. R. 
 HeppeU, J. T. 
 Jellicorse, W. A. 
 Trewhitt, P. J. 
 Woodley, W. A. 
 
 Bartrum,B.T. (M.A.. 
 
 B.C.L.) 
 Buckmasteri C. J. 
 Kay. W. H. 
 Meredith,S.R.(B.A.) 
 TilHng, G. 
 
 aBlyth, E. E. (B.A.) 
 iEaton, W. (B.A.) 
 •Hill, A. G. 
 •Thompson, J. 
 
 (B.A.) 
 •Smee, T. J. 
 •Walford, A. B. 
 •Barker, C. W. P. 
 •Langley, A. F. C 
 
 November, 1878.' 
 
 Dunning, A. J. Taylor, E. 
 
 Earee, G. W. 
 Faithwaite, L. D. 
 W. Griffin, G.H. 
 Homan, H. E. 
 Jobson, E. P. 
 Oddie, C. W. 
 Stobo, W. S. 
 AVhite, J. H. 
 
 Special Prizes, 1878. 
 
 Francis Broderip Pi-i;je. 
 
 E. E. BIyth, B.A. 
 
222 
 
 Honours 
 
 James Scott Schola/rsJdp. 
 E. E. Blyth, B.A. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1878.' 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 C. A. M. Lightbound. 
 
 John Atkinson Pri,ve. 
 L\ A. M. Lightbound. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Pri.iC. 
 W. Eaton, B.A. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 W. Eaton, B.A. 
 
 PriZL'uieii. 
 
 <iHyde, M. 
 iEichardson, H. H. 
 "Dale, B. 
 "Barber, H. 
 *HUdyard, G. G. (B.A.) 
 ♦Taylor, A. 
 •Marshall, H. J. 
 •Simpson, J. H. 
 
 iAlgar, E. J. 
 aWhite, E. W. 
 •cDutton, r. 
 •Wood, F. (B.A.) 
 •Sayer, W. F. 
 •Jesson, T. 
 •Clegg, J. H. 
 
 SLongmore, G. E. 
 aClayton, E. ] 
 cMitohell, J. M. 
 •Buckwell, J. C. 
 •Swan, H. C. 
 •Haslam, T. 1!. 
 •Grundy, C. h. 
 •Grimes, T. L. 
 
 January, 1870. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 Antill, A. L. 
 Davies, E. H. 
 Lake, W. J. 
 Layton, C. S. 
 Kobinson, P. C. 
 
 April, 1879. 
 
 Hazard, W. H. 
 James, J. T. 
 Jessopp, A. L. 
 Johnson, S. M. 
 Kynder, E. 
 Lyall,W. H.B.(B.A.) 
 
 Commendation. 
 Atkinson, F. W. 
 Howe, W. 0. 
 Marshall, J. G. 
 Nicholas, W. J. 
 
 Day, F. G. 
 Evans, J. M. 
 Medlicott, G. H. 
 Kefern, F. A. 
 
 June, 1870. 
 
 Broadbridge, F. 
 Clough, W. H. 
 Cooper, J. W. L. 
 Fowler, W. H. 
 Hargreave, J. (B.A.) i 
 Louch, F. Q. i 
 
 Parkinson, A. ■ 
 
 Shore, S. E. | 
 
HONOURS 
 
 223 
 
 Prizemen. 
 ftHickmott, H. H. 
 aSouthall, S. 
 cBromley, F. W. 
 •Morris, S. M. 
 *Sandeman, G. P. 
 •Spofiforth, F. 
 
 November, 1879. 
 
 Certificate of Merit. 
 
 Alcock, E. (B.A.) 
 Allison, W. 
 Atkinson, G. E. 
 Beaiunont, J. 
 Fowler, G. J. 
 Parry, W. E. 
 Power, H. J. M. 
 Bichards, F. I. 
 Yeoman, W. J. 
 
 Common dation, 
 Ayer,?, E. T. 
 
 Speciai. Prizes, 1879. 
 
 The Daniel Reardon Prhe. 
 
 M. Hyde. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prine. 
 H. Barber. 
 
 James Scott Scholarship. 
 M. Hyde. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1879. 
 
 Tirnpron Martin Priac. 
 
 E. J. Algar. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 E. J. Algar. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 J. Hargreave. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 T. E. Haslam. 
 
 January 1880.' 
 
 Prizemen. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 iNeale, A. 
 
 aGould, F. J. M. (LL.B.) 
 
 cGreener, M. J. 
 
 *Julian, E. A. H. 
 *Calvert, E. K. 
 
 ' Commencement of separate examination for Honours. 
 
224 
 
 HONOUES 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Benwell, H. (B.A.) 
 Cochrane, J. 
 Dragg, E. A. 
 Hall.F. 
 Howl, r. 
 
 Maclagan, P. S. 
 Moore, W. H. 
 Schou, N. C. 
 Templer, B. G. 
 
 Certificates 0/ Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Cornett, A. 
 EUerton, J. A. 
 Hodgkinson, C. 
 MUl, J. 
 
 Moore, B. A. E. D. 
 Slack, J. B. (B.A.) 
 Staffurth, H. L. 
 
 tHnggins, G. P. 
 
 Apeil, 1880. 
 Prizeinen. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 I a Swift, J. O. 
 
 Belfield, A. 
 Bevir, E. 
 Burgess, J. 
 Champuey, A. C. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Postlethwaite, W. (B.A.) 
 
 Welsh, E. 
 White, S. (B.A.) 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Conner, H. E. (B.A.) 
 Elhdge, E. 
 Elliott, H. G. U. 
 Gater, W. H. (B.A.) 
 
 Payze, E. G. 
 Tully, W. G. 
 Whowell, J. J. 
 
 June, 1880. 
 
 Prizeinen 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 6Thwait6s, C. t cEUdn, B. A. (LL.B.) 
 
 aWhite, J. (LL.B.) I *Crafter, F. G. 
 
HONOUKS 
 
 225 
 
 *Hodgson, J. 
 *Todd, R. 
 *Douglas, J. 
 *Moyle, F. B. 
 *Cowl, W. H. 
 *Robiiison, A. 
 *Davison, C. J. 
 
 *Johnstone, D. 
 *Atkinson, C. 
 *Stone, A. W. 
 *Parker, E. H. 
 *Harrison, J. C. 
 *Baxter, E. D. 
 *Bayley, J. M. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Second Class. (In 
 
 N. 
 
 Bedford, E. 
 Biokford, J. 
 Cotterell, J. 
 Cross, T. 
 Dransfield, G. E, 
 Eagleton, C. 
 Edmonds, J. T. 
 Fox, J. E. 
 Hardy, B. E. 
 Hayiland, J. 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Heath, T. 
 Jaqn.es, E. T. 
 Jessop, Gr. W. 
 Jewel, G. 
 Jones, M. H. 
 Eedfearn, T. B. 
 Shelton, F. 
 Sykes, A. E. 
 Thompson, S. (M.A.) 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Bitlman, J. C. (B.A.) 
 Canwarden, W. 
 Cheadle, A. J. 
 Greenop, A. J. 
 Kent, F. J. 
 Lawson, J. S. 
 Olding, A. N. 
 Orchard, F. H. H. 
 Orchard, J. A. 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 ! Priest, H. B. 
 Eoose, G. 
 Eose, J. (B.A.) 
 Skardon, F. W. 
 Smith, E. T. 
 Taylor, W. E. 
 Walch, J. W. H. 
 Winter, H, S. 
 Wright, H. J. 
 
 November, 1880. 
 Prizemen. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 MamfeS, A. E, (B.A.) 
 aBycroft, F. W. R. 
 cMole, C. 
 
 (In order of Merit.) 
 
 I *Crockford, A. L. (B.A.) 
 
 'Collins, G. L. 
 I 'Burton, J. F. 
 
226 HoxouES 
 
 Crrtifirates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alx^habetical order.) 
 
 Balkwill, A. [ Cromwell, H. 
 
 EmersoD, C. A. 
 Jeavons, S. 
 Maylett, W. 
 
 Bell, W. C. 
 Booth, C. F. 
 Booth, E. 
 Cameron, J. 
 Cattle, E. W. 
 Clark, J. H. H, 
 
 Willoughby, A. F. 
 Wilson, J. C. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bayley, T. H. 
 Catterall, T. 
 Cross, E. F. 
 Davison, G. 
 Draper, W. H. M. 
 Eccles, .1. C. 
 Elegg, ,1. M. 
 Flegg, W. C. 
 
 Harman, A. J. 
 Heaton, C. D. 
 Holme, G. J. 
 Howard, F. 
 James, A. P. 
 Nicholson, H. W. 
 White, F. C. 
 Winter, F. B. 
 
 Special Prizes, 1880. 
 
 Tlie Daniel Beardon Prize. 
 
 C. Thwaites. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prirje. 
 C. Thwaites. 
 
 James Scott Scholarsliip. 
 C. Thwaites. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1880. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prir.e, 
 
 G. L. Collins. 
 
 Jolm AtlHnson Prize. 
 G. L. Collins. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize, 
 A. L. Crockford (B.A.), G. F. Huggins. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Pri^e. 
 J. Douglas. 
 
HONOUES 
 
 227 
 
 
 J. 
 
 INUAEY, 1881. 
 Prir:cmcn. 
 
 First Class 
 
 . (In order of Merit.) 
 
 JtBrown, H. F. 
 
 
 
 *Dondney, J. A. 
 
 aLeonard, E. 
 
 
 
 'Floyd, W. 
 
 cWatkins, F. 
 
 
 
 *Bates, T. C. 
 
 ^BSwlej', H. N. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bake, E. 0. 
 
 
 
 Millard, C. 
 
 Bennett, H. F. 
 
 
 
 Olding, W. H. 
 
 Boughton, H. J, 
 
 
 
 Preston, W. J. 
 
 Harrison, W. 
 
 
 
 Pyman, E. B. 
 
 Hobrow, F. W. C. 
 
 
 
 Sergeant, W. H. 
 
 Hopkinson, H. L. (B.A.) 
 
 
 SeweU, J. T. B. 
 
 Kitching, J. S. 
 
 
 
 Weaving, E. G. 
 
 Marshall, T. D. 
 
 
 
 WiUiams, T. 
 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Almond, J. W. B, 
 
 
 
 Lord, J. 
 
 Andrews, C. F. 
 
 
 
 Matthew, G. A. (B.A.) 
 
 BHss, G. 
 
 
 
 Nicholson, G. 0. 
 
 Brightwell, H. 
 
 
 
 Owen, G. H. M. 
 
 Clark, J. W. 
 
 
 
 Pakner, W. 
 
 Davies, F. 
 
 
 
 Perry, J. T. 
 
 Drew, A. H. 
 
 
 
 Pugh, J. 
 
 Gilmore, J. C. (B.A.) 
 
 
 
 Bees, H. M. 
 
 Hodgkinson, F. E. 
 
 
 
 Shadbolt, L. H. 
 
 Jones, E. T. 
 
 
 
 Slater, A. 
 
 Jones, W. A. 
 
 
 
 Smith, J. 0. 
 
 Leslie, F. J. 
 
 
 
 Wood, H. J. (LL.B.) 
 
 Livesay, W. S. 
 
 
 
 Wright, J. K. (LL.B.) 
 
 
 April, ISSl. 
 
 
 
 Prizemeji. 
 
 First Class 
 
 . (In order of Merit.) 
 
 StBrown, H. J. (B.A.) 
 
 
 
 *Moxon, J. 
 
 aBorlase, A. C. 
 
 
 
 *Leonard, V. E. 
 
 cSheldon, A. S. 
 
 
 
 *Swinburne, W. 
 
 ♦Lewis, A. S. 
 
 
 
 *Barrs, H. H. H. (LL.B.) 
 
 •Jackson, J. T. 
 
 
 
 "Fcrnandes, G. W. L. 
 
228 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Barber, F. 
 Calvert, J. G. 
 Dickinson, G. 
 Down, T. L. 
 Eagleton, J. 
 Hodson, J. E. 
 Mayo, P. W. 
 Oldfield, H. K. (LL.E.) 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Second Clas?. (In Aphabetical order.) 
 Pickering, A. 
 
 Proctor, R. 
 
 Price J. D. 
 
 Rogers, W.' S. (M.A., LL.M.) 
 
 Sykes, F. J. 
 
 Veale, E. W. (LL.B.) 
 
 Williams, E. (B.A.) 
 
 Certificates of Merit, 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Birch, F. J. P. 
 Bulleid, G. L. 
 Constantine, A. 
 Dowse, B. 
 Edmonds, W. F. 0. 
 Estill, J. 
 Farmer, J. H. 
 Gery, A. E. O. 
 Hearn, T. B. 
 Henderson, G. C. 
 Knott, E. F. 
 Lamond, A. W. 
 
 Martin, F. W. 
 Morgan, G. H. 
 O'Connor, A. J. 
 Preston, F. S. 
 Baby, S. 
 Baley, W. E. 
 Sargeant, A. 
 Shute, G. 
 Wade, G. E. 
 Weldon, A. W. 
 Welford, G. L. 
 Yearslev, S. 
 
 6tCrundwell, E. 
 aMowll, H. M. 
 cMcLean, B. 
 
 June, 1881. 
 
 Pri,-:emen. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 *Perkins, W. J. 
 
 ■'Biitcher, S. F, 
 "Dashwood, A. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bowden, J. P. 
 
 Branson, G. E. 
 
 Hardcastle, C. B. H. (LL.B.) 
 
 Hickman, W. B. J. 
 
 Hislop J. 
 
 Hooper, A. G, 
 
 Kingsford, W. L. (B.A.) 
 
 Mossop, E. 
 
 Neely, J. 
 
 Nunn, F. 
 
 Perks, T. P. 
 
 Bowe, F. A. 
 
HONOURS 
 
 229 
 
 Sewell, J. 
 Simpson, A. T. 
 Sparks, H. W. S. 
 Storey, K. 
 
 Taylor, C. E. 
 Toovey, J. 
 Waddington, H, 
 ^Yard, S. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Barlow, T. E. 
 Bowman, A. N. 
 Curtler, W. T. 
 Davies, J. 
 Dorman, C. H, 
 Hannay, A. A, 
 Heath, W. H. 
 Hoddinott, B. (B.A.) 
 Joblin, J. 
 Eitson, E. B. 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Lupton, C. 
 McDonald, J. 
 Mason, E. W. 
 NeviU, E. 
 Prior, C. J. 
 Sisson, A. J. 
 Warren, H. (B.A.) 
 White, H. 
 Whitmore, J. 
 Wood, E. T. E. 
 
 The Daniel Eeaedon Pbize. 
 
 Pursuant to regulations made as provided by the Deed relating 
 to the above Prize, it was in the year 1881 divided into four prizes, 
 one to be awarded at each Honours Examination. 
 
 NOYEMBEE, 1881. 
 Prizonen. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 fctMinor, P. S. 
 aTrotter, A. 
 cWinter, D. C. 
 •Fox, C. J. 
 *Crosskey, C. 
 *Taylor. D. C. (B.A.) 
 
 (In order of Merit.) 
 *Nankivell, C. E. 
 '■"Barraud, F. A. 
 ♦White, J. K. 
 *Diokinson, A. H. 
 *McDonneU, J. M. 
 ^Ferguson, F. 
 
 Birkbeck, J. B. 
 Bowes, E. 
 Gardiner, E, 
 Hart, T. P. 
 Lowe, H. F. 
 Mather, J. W. 
 Nicholson, J. A 
 Eelph, S. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Eider, J. E. W. 
 
 Eobertson, J. E. T. (B.A.) 
 Boholfield, T. H. 
 Sutcliffe, J. H. 
 Tiffen, J. S. 
 Wade, W. D. 
 Welldon, J. T. (B.A.) 
 Whittingham, H, 
 
230 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Baker, D. 
 Bartlett, S. 
 Brewster, S. N. P. 
 Charnley, W. E. 
 David, G. 
 Davis, J. K. 
 Greatrex, B. 
 Hepworth, J. S. 
 Hodges, W. J. 
 Jones, A. S. 
 
 Malpas, G. 
 Marshall, P. E. 
 Bobinson, J. A. 
 Eylance, W. T. 
 Steele, C. E. 
 Styring, A. M. 
 Trotter, T. T. 
 Whittingham, A. E. 
 Wright, W. 
 
 SPECIAL PBIZES, 1881. 
 James Scott Scholarship. 
 Henry James Brovs^n, B.A. 
 
 Francis Brodcrip Brine. 
 Philip Scott Minor. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1881. 
 Timpron Martin Brize. 
 Henry Neville Bewley. 
 
 Joh7i Atkinson Brize, 
 James Braidwood Birkbeck. 
 
 Birmingham Laiu Society's Brize. 
 Henry James Brown, B.A. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Brizc. 
 Philip Scott Minor. 
 
 January, 1882. 
 Brincmen. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 tSMeek, E. E. 
 aGordon, E. J. 
 cBarrows, G. W. 
 
 (In order of Merit.) 
 
 I *McMaster, J. M. 
 •Hardman, F. W. 
 
HONOUES 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 231 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Ashford, W. 
 Clarkson, J. 
 Graham, F. A. 
 Hunt, E. 
 Leech, E. E, 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Sykes, F. 
 
 Taylor, W. F. 
 
 Williams, E. 
 
 Withy, A. F. 
 
 Bland, J. A. 
 Boote, D. P. (B.A.) 
 Christophers, T. 
 Garland, H. 
 Greenway, H. 
 Hadow, M. M. 
 Howard, E. 
 Kindler, A. W. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Munns, A. E. 
 
 Oldham, A. 
 Eydon, A. H. 
 Spiokett, J. E. 
 Smurthwaite, B. W. 
 Tanner, W. J. (B.A.) 
 Winter, C. P. 
 Wynne, C. M. E. 
 
 Apbil, 1882. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 The Standard attained by the Candidates at this Examination 
 did not justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Colborne, G. F. (B.A.) 
 Deane, E. E. 
 Harnett, A. O. 
 Hudson, J. W. 
 
 Jackson, T. 
 McKenna, J. P. 
 Ware, J. T. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bates, S. F. 
 Bennett, C. F. 
 Boorman, F. W. 
 Carr, F. J. 
 Etheredge, E. B. P. 
 Hill, G. M. (B.A.) 
 
 James, H. B. 
 Nelham, T. A. 
 Paxon, G. 
 Philpin, J. 0, 
 Sayer, W. L. 
 Spreat, S. G. 
 
232 
 
 HONOUES 
 June, 1882. 
 
 First Class, (In order of Merit.) 
 
 tftEmery, F. W. I cHoIman, F. A, 
 
 aHart, I. J. (LL.B.) I *Innes, E. 
 
 Fox, H. E. E. 
 Grierson, H. K 
 Jones, F. A. 
 Lamb, J. F. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Lithgow, S. 
 
 Lomas, H. 
 Southall, H. J. 
 Winterbotham, F. 
 
 Berney, G. F. 
 Browett, W. 
 Brownsoni, T. 
 Dallas, J. H. 
 Dobell, J. r. 
 Grier, A. BI. 
 Gunnell, D. 
 Hannay, A. M. 
 Haydon, C. J. 
 Hayton, J. M, (B.A.) 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 James, E. P. 
 Eobinson, H. 
 Samuel, G. E. 
 Summers, A. J. 
 Tunbridge, W. S, 
 Walker, J. 1). 
 Walker, W. H, 
 Walters, A. S. 
 Wilson, A. 
 Woolcott, H. 
 
 NOVEMBEK, 1882. 
 
 Prizemen. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 t&Lapthorn, T. H. F. 
 aJenks, E. 
 
 cHarvey-Samuel, F. H. 
 *Hudson, J. A. 
 
 Ccidficates of Merit. 
 
 Second Class. 
 Digby, G. B. W. 
 Forster, W. 0. 
 Graham, J. 
 Kent, 0. H, 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Eidley, E. P. 
 Stockwood, S. H. 
 Thomson, H. C, 
 Tweedale, J, 
 
HONOUES 
 
 283 
 
 Alsop, J. 
 Bolinbroke, L. G. 
 Bootliroyd, B. 
 Davis, D. 
 Gurney, W. G, 
 Hall, J. H. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class, (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Knight, G. 
 
 Pilgrim, W. A. 
 Porter, A. B. 
 Snow, W. T. M. (B.A.) 
 Waldron, H. 
 
 Special Prizes, 1882. 
 
 James Scott Scliolarsliip. 
 
 Ernest Edwin Meek. 
 
 Francis Eroderij] Prize. 
 Frederic William Emery. 
 
 Local Prizes, 1882. 
 
 John Aihinson Prize. 
 
 Eoderjck Williams. 
 
 Birmingham Lata Society's Prize, 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 Frederic WiUiam Hardman, 
 
 StWeeks, W. S. 
 
 January, 1883. 
 
 Prizemeyi. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 I aEastwood, T. C. (B.A.) 
 
 Bloomer, C. E. 
 Coope, F. W. 
 Evans, K. W. (B.A 
 Fletcher, B. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Green, J. A. H. 
 
 Harland, G. B. (LL.B.) 
 Pemberton, A. 
 
234 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Arthur, J. D. 
 Barber, W. H. 
 LiTdlow, H. S. 
 
 Cciiificales of Merit. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Rhys, R. J. T. 
 Smith, C. E. 
 Turner, R. 
 
 April, 1883. 
 Prizemen. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 6tKemp, C. P. | aSwift, W. G. 
 
 Certificates of Merit, 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Andi-ew, W. H. 
 Burdekin, A. E. 
 
 Land, W. H. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Spence, E. F. | Wmterton, F. 
 
 June, 1883. 
 
 Prizemen, 
 
 First Clai;s. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 5tCalHs, C. W. 
 ((Upjohn, A. li. 
 Easterling, A, ^\'. 
 
 *Hextall, J. 
 *Smith, J. S. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Ellis, G. B. I Scott, T. A. S. 
 
 Fry, C. SeviUe, S. H. 
 
 Ridge, E. H. | Smith, 0. H. 
 
 Andrew, W. 
 Ashington, S. A. 
 Bowker, C. B. B. 
 Gibson, C. H. 
 Gray, J. (B.A.) 
 Hedley, A. 0. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Jessopp, W. B. 
 
 Macintosh, A. C. 
 Nalder, A. E. 
 Poncia, J. M. A. 
 Smith, E. T. 
 
HONOUES 
 
 235 
 
 November, 1883. 
 
 First Class. 
 fttClarke, P. 
 
 Certificates of Merit, 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Appleton, E. G. 
 Cameron, W. S. 
 
 Lund, G. E. 
 Morton, A. E. 
 
 Certificates of Merit. 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bamish, E. D. 
 Cripps, E. D. 
 Furniss, E. N. 
 Hawkins, G. G. 
 Hawkins, H. 
 
 Eake, A. W. 
 Eeinhardt, W. H. 
 Eyland, T. W. 
 Tremellen, W. J. 
 Woodhouse, J. 
 
 Special Peizes, 1883. 
 
 Ja?nes Scott Scholarship. 
 
 William Self Weeks. 
 
 Francis Brodcrip Prhc. 
 Charles Percival Kemp. 
 
 Local Peizes. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 Eeginald Dawbarn Cripps. 
 
 John Athinson Prize. 
 Barten Fletcher. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 Thomas Crossley Eastwood (B.A.'> 
 
236 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 January, 1884, 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 tiEoberts, T, | aLamb, T. 
 
 Seoontl Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Arber, W. K. I Calvert, J. W. 
 
 Holt, J. H. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bradshaw, C. G. 
 Broatch, J. 
 BuU, H. J. H. 
 Dickinson, W. 
 Jackson, W. H, 
 Lemon, J, Q, 
 
 Miller, B. W. 
 Bipley, E, F. 
 Eoberts, J. T. 
 SiddaU, F. J. D. 
 Sismey, G. H. 
 Townsend, H. F. 
 
 Apbil, 1884. 
 First Class. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained by the 
 candidates did not justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
 Second Class. 
 Harrop, A. F. H. 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 I Pedley, C. H. 
 Troutbeck, J. (B.A.) 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Birkett, A. W. 
 BosweU, C. S. 
 Bright, F. H. 
 Brown, A. L. J. (B.A.) 
 Callender, E. G. 
 Dallas, J. J. 
 Fisher, A. 
 George, D. L. 
 Goulding, W. C. 
 Greig, W. G. 
 
 Harper, F. B. 
 Jones, H. S. T. 
 Lee, T. 
 Marcus, H. J. 
 Miles, E. V. 
 Miller, J. M. N. 
 Payne, A. E. 
 Porter, G. 
 Simms, A. 
 Woulfe, H. C. 
 
 June. 1881. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 t&Waddington, J. C. I cBrown, A. 
 
 aHarris, E. B. (B.A.) | Tomlinson, J, 
 
UONOtJRS 
 
 237 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Bell, J. C. Jones, W. T. 
 
 Foster, W. Lemon, P. 
 
 Graham, A. L. Schlapffer, E. A. 
 
 Hatton, H. Thompson, S. (B.A.) 
 
 Waters, S. E. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Brodie, "W. W. Morris, A. S. 
 
 Dean, A. H. Swinson, P. 
 
 Holme, H. J. Wilkie, A. G. 
 
 SfCallaway, J. 
 
 November, 1884. 
 Pirst Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 J aMeager, D. V. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.)] 
 
 Hutchings, T. W. B. 
 Scale, G. 
 Scorer, A. E. 
 
 Stigant, P. A. 
 Sutherland, J. M. 
 Wilkinson, T. L. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Adler, E. N. (M.A.) 
 Ainger, W. D. 
 Chorley, E. P. 
 Fraser, C. 
 
 Maunder, E. G 
 Parker, G. B. 
 TurnbuU, A. JI. 
 Ward, S. G. 
 White, E. 
 
 Special Prizes, 1884 
 
 James Scott Scliolarslii]:. 
 
 Theodore Boberts. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prixe. 
 Theodore Eoberts. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 Thomas Lewis Williinson. 
 
 JoJm Atkinson Prize. 
 John Tomlinson. 
 
238 HONOURS 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize, 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelia Prize, 
 Samuel Thompson (B.A.) 
 
 January, 1885. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 tJMaggs, G. E. H. I oChandler, H. F. W. 
 
 cHowe, A. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Batty, R. B. 
 Cochrane, D. 
 Metcalfe, P. J. 
 Pope, A. 
 
 Eichardson, W. E. 
 Shipman, W. M. (B.A.) 
 Smith, T. W. 
 Willcocks, W. M. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Hooper, W. T. G. 1 Salomonson, E. 
 
 Moss, W. Scott, J. A. S. 
 
 Nield, H. I Tyer, W. E. (il.A.) 
 
 April, 1885. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 tiMarigold, J. A. (B.A.) | cBilbroiigh, E. P. 
 
 oBrotherton, P. H. | ■■Kingdon, F. W. ^Y. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Asplin, C. 
 Buchanan, Mac I. 
 Butler, J. E. 
 
 Cunningham, H. E. 
 Fawcett, J. 
 Sidebotham, A. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Barker, T. W. 
 Clark, J. 
 Devonshire, E. L. 
 
 Harries, I. 
 Phillips, T. 
 Walker, W. 
 
 JtlNE, 1885. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 tJHughes, T. J. If cBromfield, J. C. 
 
 a.Franois, A. E. | [ *Hawkins, F. H. (LL.B.) 
 
 "James, S. T. 
 
HOXOUES 239 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Brightman, W. H. 
 Cotton, J. T. 
 Emerson, G. 
 Hilton, C. H. 
 Boxburgh, W. H. (B.A.) 
 
 Sonlby, A. E. B. 
 Speed, W. H. 
 Taylor, G. W. 
 Thomas, E. D. (B.A.) 
 Wilson, E. T. G. 
 
 Wood, W. E. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Branthwaite, E. E. | May, H. A. E. 
 
 NOVEMBEE, 1885. 
 
 First Glass. (In order of Merit.) 
 6tJecks, A. S. (LL.b!) | aBrooks, A. D. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bailey, D. J. i Christian, E. B. Y. 
 
 Bentley, W. Dunhill, E. S. 
 
 Bevis, F. J. I King, H. C. 
 
 Pnleston, A. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Chadwick, W. S. j Standring, W. J. 
 
 Mulcaster, W. Y. I Tonge, J. 
 
 Wilson, W. C. T. 
 
 Special Prizes, 1885. 
 
 James Scott ScholarsJiip. 
 
 Arthur Statham Jecks (LL.B.) 
 
 Francis Broderij) Prine, 
 Arthur Statham Jecks (LL.B.) 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 Timpron Martin Prine. 
 John Carey Bromfield. 
 
 John AtTiinson Prize. 
 John Carey Bromfield. 
 
 Birmingham Laj-v Society's Prize. 
 James Arthur Marigold (B.A.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Pj'ize. 
 Walter Mace Shipman (B.A.) 
 
240 HOlJOUES 
 
 January, 188G. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 JtMann, Frederick Wm. (LL.B.) cBowie, David Mather 
 (iWilliams, John Davies 1 *Evans, William Wynn 
 
 *Wadeson, Pilchard Harman 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Britton, Philip William Poole 
 Chappie, Frederic Northcote 
 Charlesvvorth, George Herbert 
 Cook, Robert 
 
 Harding, William 
 Haslehurst, George Lister 
 McMillan, Donald 
 Pain, Ernest Edward 
 
 TurnbuU, John 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Clay, John Edward I Hart, Edwin 
 
 Davis, Luther I Hirst, George Harry 
 
 Strachan, Walter 
 
 April, 1886. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained bv the 
 candidates did not justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Fenwick, Thomas Dobson ! Smith, Arthur 
 
 Simpson, Thomas Stephenson | Stevenson, John 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Arnold, Whateley Charles 
 Atkins, Ion 
 
 Clarke, Sidney Wrangel 
 Creswell, George Artliur 
 
 Graham, James Newton 
 Holt, James Yates 
 Kewton, Walter Haj-don 
 Sandford, John Erskiae Grant 
 
 Winterton, Herbert Ealpli 
 
 June, 188G. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 6 Abrahams, Arthur Edward | aFountain, Alfred 
 
nONOL^ES 
 
 241 
 
 Second Class. 
 Allen, James 
 Blankley, Arthiu- Hugh 
 Bradley, Augustus Montague 
 Dixon, Henry 
 Goodfellow, Benjamin 
 Griffiths, Edward Llewellyn 
 Hearn, Alfred Booth 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 ! Light, John 
 Lowe, Arthur Labrow (B.A.) 
 Mollquham, Silbert 
 MoLellan, William Francis 
 Pickstone, Charles Herbert 
 Pollard, John Charles 
 Vincent, Hugh Corhett (B.A.) 
 
 KoVRMBER, 1886. 
 
 First Class. 
 JNathan, Myer Samuel. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Blears, Walter Heywood 
 Corbould, John Edward 
 Crabb, Edward Alfred 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Elmslie, Wilmot Edward 
 Hart, Harry Cartwright 
 Hebbert, Arthur Henry 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Jones, Frederick Isaac 
 Sproat, Thomas 
 Talbot, Ellis Letham 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Jacques, Charles Albert 
 Lambert, Thomas 
 Lambert, Walter 
 
 Willie, George Harry. 
 
 Special Peizes, 1886. 
 James Scott Scholar s}iix>. 
 Myer Samuel Nathan. 
 
 Francis Broderip Pri::c 
 John Davies Williams. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Tinqjron Martin Prize. 
 
 Thomas Sproat. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 Thomas Sproat. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
212 iioxduijs 
 
 Sleplicn Hcclis Pri.jc. 
 Benjamin Goodfcllow. 
 
 January, 1887. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 &t^^ ilson, Geo. Bailey (B.A.) | aSmith, Arthur (B.A.) 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Clarke, "William Henry | Naylor, Percy 
 
 Proctor, Jolm Bobert, 
 
 April, 1887. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 SfPadmore, Frank Augustus 
 (iWelch, Alfred Bassett Starbuck 
 cParker, Christopher John 
 *George, WiUiam 
 
 '■'Neave, Frederick George 
 *Trous, William 
 *Davies, Dixon Henry 
 *Hutchings, John Henry 
 
 'Wilson, Frank Heron, 
 
 Second Clas.s. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Boyce, Godfrey Plalo | Hart, Thomas 
 
 Nott, Francis Eobert. 
 
 Third Class. 
 Munday, William Luscomte. 
 
 June, 1887. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 StWalkcr, John Leonard ' cWhite, John 
 
 fiGabb, Eichard Frederick Baker *Michelmore, Henry William 
 'Emanuel, Arthur Henry. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Cartwright, Sydney [ Pierce, Ernest Wilson 
 
 Dennis, John Herbert Pritchard, Arthur Ernest Guy 
 
 Maudesley, Lawrence Long i Eawsthorn, John James 
 
 Nichols, John Spencer, Charles St. David (B.A.) 
 
 Third Glass. 
 Snelliug, Percy William. 
 
6tHuxtable, Jobn Elliott 
 aOlarke, Arthur Joseph 
 cWhite, Edward 
 *Robinson, Cecil Peregrine 
 *EaybouId, Alfred Jones 
 
 HOXOUES 243 
 
 November, 1887. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 *Kaye, William Thornton (B.A.) 
 
 I *Cornish, John Batten (B.A.) 
 1 *Snell, John Beddome 
 *Tanner, Edgar Robson (B.A.) 
 "Turner, Theodore Guerdain 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Burrow, Alfred ! Mathews, John Bromhead 
 
 Padley, George Frederick 
 
 Ensor, Edward Robert 
 Gilroy, George Norris 
 Godard, John George 
 Haygarth, Matthew Henry 
 
 Slater, Samuel Mills 
 
 Talbot, Hugo 
 
 Widdowson, William Joseph 
 
 Woodroffe, Edward Shrimpton. 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Channiug, Archibald ) Graham, John 
 
 Special Prizes, 1887. 
 
 James Scolt Scholarship. 
 
 John ElUott Huxtable. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prixc. 
 Jobn Elliott Huxtable. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 Timpron Martin Pri::e. 
 Ernest William Pierce. 
 
 JoJm Atkinson I'ri :c. 
 John James Rawsthorn. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 Alfred Jones Raybould. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prirce. 
 
 Hugo Talbot. 
 
 B 2 
 
244 iiosouRS 
 
 January, 1888. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 JtHudson, Frederick (B.A.) 
 «Norman, Arthur 
 cJackson, Cathrick (LL.B.) 
 
 "March, Herhert 
 
 *Wilhams, Robert Harold 
 "Miller, George Munro 
 *Dighton, Francis Probyn 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bennett, William Herbert [ Neivton, George Daniel 
 
 Calvert, Edwin Montague ^' ' ^ 
 
 Evans, Alfred 
 
 Fellowes, Evelyn Napier (B.A.) 
 
 Freeman, Drury 
 
 Melhuish, Alfred Warren 
 
 Ehodes, Frank Septiiuug 
 Roper, Freeman (B.A.) 
 Eotherham, Richard Alexander 
 Stafford, John 
 "Walker, Arthur 
 
 Yeates, Frederick Willson 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Cattle, Frederic (B.A.) | Peckover, Stephen 
 
 Darbyshire, Benjamin Harvie I Rogers, Paul Owen 
 
 Manning, Edward Lawrence I Sleigh, Myles Atkinson 
 
 Matthews, Walter Hudson i Warne, Charles Edward 
 
 Mead, James Ernest I Wooding, Benjamin (B.A.) 
 
 April, 1888. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 StFletcher, Basil (B.A.) 
 aBickford, Thomas Tozer 
 cStrong, Thomas Slack 
 
 *Busby, James WiUiam (LL.B.) 
 *Smyth, Percy Meliss 
 *Todd, Thomas Burland 
 
 *Hall, Richard Barker William 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Charlton, Oswald ] Leach, Edmund 
 
 Forward, John Adams [ Phillips, John Lewes 
 
 Hosegood, Alfred i Sharpley, Philip Henry 
 
 Webb, Edward James Turner 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Atkins, Percy Colquhoun (B,A.,i Morgan, William 
 
 LL.M.) j Parker, Herbert A^'oods 
 
 Cobb, John Gerald (B.A.) i Peacock, Francis O'Neill 
 
 Izod, Henry Allan Rimmer, Reginald 
 
 Llewellyn, Thomas John (B.A.) j Simpson, John Alexander 
 
 Martineau, Philip Hubert (B.A.) , Wheldon, Robert 
 
HONOUHS 
 
 245 
 
 5tClarke, Chai-les Peard 
 aSmith, Charles Lawson (B.A., 
 
 LL.B.) 
 cSidebotham, John Jamea 
 *Bell, James 
 *Chavasse, Alban 
 •Brown, Herbert Collander 
 
 June, 18S8. 
 Fu-st Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 Randall, Alfred 
 
 *Harcourt, Halliday 
 'Ogle, John Bertram (B.A.) 
 •Riddell, George Alladice 
 *Clegg, Leonard Johnson 
 'Hoare, Stanley Herbert 
 *Grazebrook, William Henry 
 'Fiske, William Sanders 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Aylen, Percy Lionel 
 Bacon, Henry 
 Barker, Arthur Edward 
 Bubb, Edward Wallis (B.A.) 
 Butcher, Eobert Symonds 
 Campbell, William Arthur 
 Crawford, George Frederic 
 Cummings, Arthur Temple 
 Cunningham, William Dunlop 
 Danvers, Eobt. Augustus (B.A.) 
 Dixon, Thomas Rochester 
 Gates, Howaj-d Francis 
 Hagon, Charles Edmund 
 Hail, Robert 
 HaUiday, Alfred 
 
 Hobson, George Wentworth 
 Hudson, John Hudson 
 Langham, Frederick George 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Large, Albert William 
 Lewis, Frederick Upton 
 Morris, Frank William 
 Nesbitt, Charles 
 Parkin, Agar Hooper 
 Perkins, Frank (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Pownall, Joseph Boothby 
 Samuell, Arthur Edward 
 Slipper, Armine Hugh 
 A^'alker, Frederic Arthur 
 Wykes, Sidney Robert 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Barclay, Joseph George 
 Blount, Ernest WiUiam 
 Brinkworth, George ElHott 
 Cleveland, Arthur Rackham 
 Coode, Thomas Lyne 
 Dent, Ernest Freshfield (B.A.) 
 Harris, Charles Frederick 
 Herschell, George Smith 
 Hirst, Francis Joseph (B.A.) 
 Huskinson, Charles John 
 Jackson, Herbert William 
 Johnston, Charles Watkinson 
 Laybourne, Percy 
 
 Troughton, 
 
 Layton, Frederick Ernest 
 Lewis, Henry Reginald (B.A.) 
 Little, EUis Duckworth 
 Mayne, Arthur Heriot 
 Moody, Henry (LL.B.) 
 Peters, Sydney Conrad 
 Pratt, William Wortley 
 Roberts, John Richard 
 Robinson, Ernest Keene (B.A.) 
 Sheppard, Herbert Byard 
 Sykes, Edwin 
 Sykes, John Lewis 
 Terry, Harry 
 AVilliam Henry 
 
24G 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 NOVBMBEE, 1888. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 itArnholz, Henry Preuss 
 
 nTodd, Hadden 
 cKnssell Stebbing 
 'Cattle, John Bowland 
 *Brown, Herbert George 
 
 Second Class. (In 
 
 Acworth, Edwd. Cecil Brindley | 
 
 Addison, James Flockhart 
 
 Beokton, "Walter Doming 
 
 Brandon, Harry 
 
 Broad, John 
 
 Crimp, Walter Edwin 
 
 Dobell, Percy (B.A.) 
 
 Eaves, William John Stanley 
 
 Edward, Francis Harold (B.A.) 
 
 Thii-d Class. (In 
 
 Atchley, Hy. Wilmot Wickham 
 
 Capper, William 
 
 Ellis, Clement George Lumley 
 
 Ferrier, Eichard Fredk. Ernest 
 
 Ford, Henry 
 
 Heaton, Beresford Eimmington 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Horley, Edward (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Hoskins, Horatio Francis Alex. 
 Hunt, Edward Frederick 
 Mellersh, WilMd Duke 
 Oddie, William 
 
 'Mlddleton, Gilbert 
 *Laverack, Edwin Arthur 
 *Hart, Samuel Hopgood 
 *Hart, William Jackson 
 *Leaoh, Louis James 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Fox, Robert Floud (B.A.) 
 Gee, ^^'iUiam Johnstone 
 Lee, Douglas Cameron 
 Letts, Eichard Arthur 
 Newsam, Frederic Charles 
 Philcox, Henry Kelson 
 Eound, Charles 
 Tannett, Thomas 
 Thornely, James Lamport 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Rathbone, Herbert Eeynolds 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Eawlinson, Thomas Arthur 
 Short, Percy (M.A., B.C.L.) 
 Stanhope, Edward Collingwood 
 
 Spencer (B.A.) 
 Thompson, John Studholme 
 Tindle, John Spoor 
 Tompkins, David Henry 
 Vassal], Harry Graeme (B.A.) 
 Walford, Herbert Nevill (B.A.) 
 Woodhead, Edgar Thos. (B.A.) 
 
 Special Prizes, 1888. 
 
 James Scott ScJwlarsJiip. 
 
 Charles Peard Clarke. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 Percy Lionel Aylen. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize, 
 
 Hadden Todd. 
 
HONOUES 
 
 247 
 
 ■Tolui Afliinson Pri-je. 
 Percy Meliss Smyth . 
 
 Biniiiii/jJiam Law Society's Pii-e. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 8fc2>Jicn Heelis Prize. 
 Robert Hall. 
 
 ftfJones, Arthur 
 
 (B.A.) 
 aParker, James Kenyon 
 fPreston, Herbert Sansome 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Breakell, Walter 
 
 Burton, Arthur Angell (B.A.) 
 
 Charles, Eobert William 
 
 Ci-ouoh, Leonard Wing 
 
 Goodman, George 
 
 Goulding, Wm. Haworth 
 
 Hobbs, Edward 
 
 HoUand, Wm. Thos. (B.A.) 
 
 January, 1889. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.' 
 Thompson, 
 
 Wansbrough] 
 
 John 
 Moreton (LL.B.) 
 *Bolton, Eobert Charles 
 
 Charles 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 i Jewson, Francis 
 Oldfield, Martin Percy 
 Stuchberrj', Thos. William 
 Swift, Ernest William 
 Sykes, James 
 
 i Tilly, James 
 Walker, Miles 
 Webster, Wm. 
 
 Third Class. (In 
 
 Abbott, Edmmid Bushworth 
 Bull, Frank Kimber 
 Cardan, Herbert Arthur John 
 Genge, Henry Arthur Pope 
 Hampton, Wm. Boberts 
 Harris, Reginald James 
 Hawkms, Benjamin 
 Humphreys,FrancisJoseph(B.A, 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Jecks, Harold Harry Robertson 
 Jones, Thos. Davies 
 Lydekker, Edgar (B.A.) 
 Nodes, Sydenham W. Stephenson 
 PuUan, Herbert Thornton 
 Rogers, Hywel Llewellyn 
 Sims, Arthur 
 ) Strong, Noel Whitley 
 
 tSEowseU, Charles Frederick 
 / aAndrews, Richard Wm. 
 \ fWilkinson, John Stanser 
 Stewart, Allan 
 Poole, Harry 
 
 April, 1889. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 Hallsworth, James Henry 
 
 Holt, Herbert James Whittell 
 
 Walters, Herbert Graham (B.A.) 
 Reynolds, James 
 Charlesworth, Arthur Heywood 
 Steel, Frederick William 
 
248 
 
 HONOUR 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Bower, George Walter 
 Bunting, "Walter Sampson 
 Cobb, John Austin 
 Crooks, Edward Victor 
 Fisher, Wm. Swann 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Gratton, Herbert Sterland 
 
 Moss, Wilfred 
 
 Pearson, Frank Shakespeare 
 
 Ward, Ernest 
 
 Wilson, Harold 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bourne, Wm. Percy 
 
 Carr, George Arthur Buxton 
 
 Caunce, John Caunce Linney 
 
 Davis, Frank 
 
 Finohett, Wm. Henry 
 
 Gilberthorpe, George Cooke 
 
 Glubb, Albert De Castro 
 
 Williams, Arthur Charles 
 
 Jenkins, Henry Martyn 
 Leacroft, Frederick Eichard 
 
 Becher 
 Martin, Wm. Henry 
 Mawson, Henry (LL.B.) 
 Ogilvie, Charles Edward 
 Smart, Charles Joel 
 
 June, 1889. 
 First Class. 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained bj' the 
 candidates did not justify the issue of anj' First Class List. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Burrows, Harold 
 Gamlin, Francis John 
 Hodge, Wilmot 
 
 Jones, Edgar Wm. 
 
 Knott, Henry Wm. Howard 
 
 Maylam, Percy 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 AUen, John William Bird 
 ArkeU, Thomas (B.A.) 
 Charlesworth, Charles Percy 
 Copley, Harry 
 Daltry,Bertram Harvey Eeginald 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Eve, Charles Henry 
 Freeman, Charles 
 Hilleary,Frederic Edward Aubyn 
 
 (B.A., LL.M.) 
 Hocking, Thomas Eichard 
 Hough, Topham Hough (B.A.) 
 
 Miller, Arnold Henry 
 Mill, Charles 
 Pattinson, Hubert Foden 
 Piatt, Eowland 
 
 Eussell, John Stanley Vaughan 
 Simmons, Harold Solomon 
 Simpson, Edward Overend 
 Slinger, George Nicholas 
 Thompson, John 
 Watkin, Alfred Hobson 
 Wattson, William Bevon (LL.B.) 
 White, Archer Moresby 
 
HONOURS 
 
 249 
 
 November, 1889. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 fttWatson, Ernest Iveiis. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Barrow, Walter 
 Bone, Edward Henry 
 Ellis, James Sydney 
 
 King, Frederick Herbert 
 Maodonald, Greorge Alexander 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Berry, Thomas William Seagar 
 By thway , William Henry Vipond 
 Glutton, Francis Owen (LL.B.) 
 Dufitt, John Edgar 
 Fordham, Montague (B.A.) 
 Haiding, Lansdown (LL.B.) 
 Hippesley, Beginald 
 
 Hirst, John Lee (B.A.) 
 King, Wm. Henry 
 Mote, Frederick John 
 Prebble, Harry Ward 
 Eichardson, Wm. James Lewis 
 Williams, Edward 
 WUmot, Edw. Dudley Lea 
 
 Special Prizes, 1889. 
 
 Jmnes Scott Scholarship. 
 
 Ernest Ivens Watson. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 Eichard William Andrews. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 Edward Victor Crooks. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 Walter Breakell. 
 
 Birmingham Latu Society's Prize. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 Arthur Hoywood Charlesworth. 
 
250 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 January, 1890. 
 First Class. (In order of jMerit.) 
 fifSilvester, Thomas Edward *Heath, Christopher 
 
 aFreeman, Alfred Georgo 
 cSmith, Harry Opie 
 *Lees, Arthur John 
 
 *Heath, 
 
 Walter 
 *Bury, Thomas 
 
 Keginald 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetial order.) 
 
 Allen, John 
 
 Arnold, William 
 
 Blyth, Bobert William 
 
 Carter, John William 
 
 Carter, Walter Henry Bonham 
 
 Dexter, Albert 
 
 Eussell, William Herbert. 
 
 Engall, Thomas Howard 
 Goodman, Godfrey Davenport 
 Hoiile, Evan Percy 
 Jefferis, Walter Henry (B.A. 
 
 LL.B.) 
 Jones, Harold Christian 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Beech, Charles Henry 
 Danger, William Laudale 
 Davies, Albert Orlando 
 Jones, Ernest Heys 
 Mayfield, Charles Glossop 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Okell, John 
 Peck, Edv?ard Francis 
 Taylor, Ernest Ramsay 
 Wood, John 
 
 April, 1890. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 h-\dJianter, Joseph Louther. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Austin, Alfred (B.A.) 
 Croft, Cyrus Latimer 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 I Watkinson, Francis Cliffe 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bamford, Thomas 
 
 Broughton 
 Barnes, Wm. Herbert 
 Benham, Leonard Allen 
 Bromwich, Francis Henry 
 Ford, Alfred Rogers 
 Haye, George 
 
 Henry 
 
 Lockwood, Willie Ernest 
 Morland, Francis John 
 Nanson, Ernest Lonsdale 
 Pettitt, Charles Heni-y 
 Pyke, Arthur 
 Spyer, Edmund Solomon 
 Ward, Alfred Ernest 
 
 June, 1890. 
 First Class. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained by the 
 candidates did not justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
HONOURS 251 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 f?Evans, Laming Worthington j Terrj', Thomas Henry 
 Plaskett, William Levers (M.A., Williams, John Lloyd Vaiighan 
 LL.B.) j Seymour 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Atkinson, Charles Joshua Fearn-' Pratt, Alfred Ernest 
 
 side I Rogers, Alexander Elliott 
 
 Binns, Percy Noel i Searby, Fi-ank 
 
 Fairer, Edwin John 
 Hudson, Arthur Vanghan 
 
 Wardle, Frederick Darlington 
 Waterman, John Howard 
 
 Keele, Edward York ' Williams, Ernest George Scott 
 
 Prance, Miles Herbert I Wimbnsh, John Bonrchier 
 
 NovEJsrorn, 1890. 
 First Class. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained did not 
 justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 BlundeU, Alfred Herbert 
 (^GradweU, W^illiam Newby 
 Gray, George (B.A., LL.B.) 
 
 Gray, George Duncan 
 Smith, Joseph Brittain 
 Stuart, William Joseph 
 
 Thomas, Arthur Hannibal 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bradboume, Charles Randolph 1 Hayne, Henry Bertram Robinson 
 
 (B.A.) i Jacobs, George Saunders 
 
 DunneU, Robert Francis I Lloyd, Edward (LL.B.) 
 
 Grundy, James Arthur I Sharpe, Henry Cecil (B.A.) 
 
 Warren, Frederick Charles 
 
 Special Prizes, 1890. 
 
 James Scott Sclwlarshijp. 
 
 Joseph Lowther Hunter. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize, 
 Harry Opie Smith. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Timjpron Martin Prize, 
 
 John Atlnnson Prize, 
 
 William Newby Gradwell. 
 
252 HONOURS 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 Arthur John Lees. 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 John Okell. 
 
 January, 1891. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 ifl'^'itcliarcl, Harry Goring | aAJdous, Thoma.s Henry 
 
 cJones, Thomas Estyn 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Cardale, William Henry 
 (?Carter, George Coplestone 
 Grunebanm, Martin | Peel, "Walter 
 
 Smith, Henry Thomas 
 
 Keehng, Arthur Trowbridge 
 Mitchell, Sidney Alfred 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Aitken, Eobert 
 Bellingham, Hugh 
 Buller, Alban Gardner 
 Cooke, David Frederick 
 Emanuel, Frederick Graham 
 Fawcett, William Claude 
 Goodair, Thomas 
 Griffiths, William 
 
 Hankinson, KyrleChatfield(B.A.) 
 Hitohings, Eobert Lewis 
 Shea, Sidney 
 Smith, Frank Feusdale 
 Standring, Thomas 
 Walford, William 
 Welfare, James Henry 
 Welman, Edward John 
 
 Wyatt, Frederick Bullen 
 
 April, 1891. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 5t Johnston, Henry 1 cPreston, Arthur Sansome 
 
 George, Henry Daniell | *Bowle3', Henry Gowland 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Clutterbuck, Charles Eomanes | Lockwood, William 
 Coleiidge | liParkes, John Amery 
 
 Wilson, Eeginald Thorpe (B.A.) 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 BjTne, Edward Cotton (B.A.) 
 Hebden, Brian Newell 
 Eobinson, Frederick WiUiam 
 Seddon, Frank Jervis 
 Sedge wick, Harold James (B.A.) 
 
 Wood, Eobert Percival 
 
 Seeley, Henry 
 Simpson, Harry Faulliner 
 Steed, Joshua Owen 
 Stuttaford, Frank 
 Thirlby, Frank Stuart 
 
HONOURS 
 
 253 
 
 June, 1891. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 ftfi^Sugden, Herbert Stanley i cWhite, Edward Aubrey 
 aClarke, Ai-thur Edwin | 
 
 Second Class. 
 Brandreth, Colvin (B.A.) 
 Champion, Edward Frank 
 Cohen, Baruoh 
 Martin, Harold (B.A.) 
 IMartineaii, Gerald (LL.B.) 
 Musgrove, Arthur 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Roberts, Edwyn Turner 
 Smith, Arthur 
 Southwell, Harry Glanville 
 Steele, Henry Squire 
 Yeitch, Harry Morgan 
 Worth, Stanley Baldwin 
 
 Third Class. (In 
 Bradby, Edwin Hugh Palkwine 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Carlisle, Ernest James (B.A.) 
 Cu£F, Arthur Wilham 
 Davidson, Norman 
 Davies, Jonah 
 
 Eddison, John Arthur (B.A.) 
 Fisher, Theodore 
 Halsey, Bernard Edward 
 Harris, William Nelson 
 Hill, Henry Egan (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Hughes, Edward Percival 
 
 Whitley 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Knight, Edward Boards 
 Long, Alexander John Wakeman 
 Magee, George Michael 
 Meakin, James Robinson 
 Mills, Albert Thomas 
 Mosley, Godfrey (B.A.) 
 Sale, Frederick William Reed 
 ScammeU, Stephen Malcolm 
 Smith, William Hubert (B.A.) 
 Walker, Albert William Joseph 
 Whiteley, Frederick James 
 Woolnough, Charles Walter 
 
 NOVEMBBE, 1891. 
 
 Fu-st Class. 
 
 St^^Vallance, William Charles. 
 
 Second Class. 
 Barton, John William 
 Kenshole, William 
 Kirby, Cyril Herbert 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Risque, John Alfred 
 Sturges, Walter Henry 
 
 (In 
 
 Thhrd Class 
 Addleshaw, Harold Pope 
 Beardall, Lennox John 
 Bradley, Warwick Vernon 
 Bray, Harry 
 Cockimrn, John Henry 
 Dowse, Esmonds Henry Augus- 
 tine Kenrick 
 Dunn, WiUianl (M.A., LL.B.) 
 Evans, Edward 
 Gordon, William Henry (B.A.) 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 i Johnson, Charles Villiers 
 
 I Jones, Francis Thomas (B.A.) 
 
 t Lloyd, Frederick Charles 
 
 Murton, Charles Duncan (B.A.) 
 
 Smith,Douglas Robert Crawfurth 
 
 Stroud, Lewis (M.A.) 
 
 Thistlethwaite, John Barlow 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Wright, Herbert Edwin (B.A., 
 LL.B.) 
 
254 iiosouES 
 
 Special Prizes, 1891. 
 
 James Scoit Scliolarsldi). 
 
 Henry Johnston. 
 
 Francis Broderijp Prize. 
 William Lookwood. 
 
 Local Pkizes, 1891. 
 
 Tivipron Martin Prize. 
 
 John Atliinson Prize. 
 
 "William Lockwood. 
 
 Birmingham Lam Society's Pri::e. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 J. A. Eisque. 
 
 January, 1892. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 SfStallard, Alfred William i cMorgan, William Frcdt rick 
 
 (wZNewnham, John Montague Taylor (B.A.) 
 
 (B.A., LL.B.) ! 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 De Bartolome, Vincent Martin j Jackson, Stowers WiUiam 
 
 Eouskell, Frank ! Punch, John William Kobinson 
 
 Cotterell, Ernest Alfred Russell, WiUiam j\lozart 
 
 Dickinson, John Dickinson Saw, Henry WOliam (B.A.) 
 
 Finch, Ernest Cormack j Smith, Geoffrey Plumpton 
 
 Fox, Alfred Francis (B.A.) , Taylor, Owen Jemson 
 
 Hawkins, Frederick ; 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Andrews, Frank i Freeman, Charles Blomfiekl 
 
 Bown, William Langsdale , Minshall, William Keurick 
 Clowes, Edmmid Thorold Owen, William Henry 
 
 Colyer, William Alexander Pahuer, William. Verney 
 
 Francis Eoper, Percy James^ 
 
 Edgecombe, Edward Chorley Morgan-Thomas, -Joseph 
 
 (B.A.) "SVatson, Arthur Bingham 
 
 Emle-s', Edwin < 
 
J lUNO UBS 
 
 255 
 
 5tBlyth, Charles Frederick 
 Tolme (LL.B., B.Se.) 
 
 April, 1892. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 aBrowii, Cecil George (LL.B.) 
 
 cdAlderson, Charles 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Behrens, WUliam Henry 
 Byrne, Thomas James 
 Dingle, Frederick Bm-riugton 
 Hodge, Henry 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 King, Walter Eobert 
 Pritchard, James 
 Thatcher, Alan 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 Bennett, George Looking (B.A.) \ Eees, Grif&th Caradojr 
 
 Green, Francis Spranger 
 Holmes, Harold 
 
 Watson, Miles Walter 
 Wintle, Arthur 
 
 fttTuUoch, 
 Gregorie, 
 
 June, 1892. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 Angus Alexander I aBramley, Edward (M.A.) 
 B.A. I 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Brown, James Clement 
 Collins, Algernon Lionel 
 Gamer, Wilham 
 Harding, Eeginald Tuffley 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Humble, George 
 dMander, Charles Henry Water- 
 land (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Taylor, James Hubert 
 
 Third Class. (In 
 
 Cobb, Cecil Henry (B.A.) 
 Cooper, Francis John (B.A.) 
 Davie, Edward Cruger Ferguson 
 Gibson, Charles (B.A.) 
 Hannay, Frederick Ernest 
 Haworth, Charles Joseph 
 Leman, George Curtis (B.A.) 
 Marsh, Norman Neville (B.A., 
 LL.B.) 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Mitchell, Percy Bobert 
 Pott, James 
 Sampson, Edward 
 Scott, George 
 Turner, Frederick 
 Walford, Thomas Henry 
 Walton, Charles Henry 
 Williams, Wilham Griffith (B.A ) 
 Williams, Ernest Eeed 
 
 NOVBMBEE, 1892. 
 First Class. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained by the 
 Candidates did not justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
256 HONOURS 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Callander, George Dayrell 
 Glasgow, William 
 dPage, Arthur William 
 
 Bushforth, Francis McNeil 
 Stevenson, Harold Thomas (B. A.) 
 Wright, Charles North 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bathurst, Allen 
 Cookerton, Vernon Eeilly 
 Gandy, William James 
 Levi, Alfred David 
 
 Robbs, Walter 
 Simpson, Herbert 
 Tickle, Konald Japheth 
 Tootell, Frederick Joseph 
 
 Special Phizes, 1892. 
 
 James Scott Scliolarsliii}. 
 
 A. W. Stallard. 
 
 Francis Broderip Prize. 
 A. W. Stallard. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize. 
 
 J. C. Brown. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 William Glasgow. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Prize. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Prize. 
 A. A. G. Tulloch, B.A. 
 
 January, 1893. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 6t''iChambers, Percy Holland | 'Champion, Frederick Cecil 
 a.Bruce, Gerald Trevor Gurney 
 
 Fox, Herbert Hamilton I 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Burnett, Henry Cleather (B.A.) Pugh, Thomas 
 
 Dunlop, Robert WOham Layard | Tayler, Walter Henry 
 
 Gait, John Clarke j Thirlby, Edwin Harris 
 
 Lea, George Henry Clark ' 
 
IIONOUBS 
 
 Thii-d Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Allen, Percival "Wallis (B.A.) 
 Berryman, Frederick 
 Bowker, Henry Francis 
 Fell, Basil Haig (LL.B.) 
 Gaskell, Walter 
 Hamilton, Constantine De 
 
 Conrcy 
 Hosgood, Sebastian 
 Inglis, John Campbell (B.A.) 
 
 257 
 
 Miller, Sidney James 
 
 O'Connor, Mark 
 
 Oldershaw, Stewart Watson 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Rose, Philip Vivian 
 Ross, Henry Harrison Stockdalc 
 Taylor, Alan Reed 
 Tm-ner, John Mayer Burrow 
 
 April, 1893. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 SfHerford, Henry John Rob- 
 
 herds (B.A.) 
 aScriven, Charles 
 cHopwood, John Rowland 
 *J\lcKelvie, George Lockhart 
 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 *Moseley, Richard Evan 
 *Prest, Thomas Arthur (B.A.) 
 *Bnllivant, Thomas 
 *Hair, Archibald 
 *Steel, Arthur Dyne (B.A.) 
 
 Allcook, Frederick 
 Barnes, Reginald Longmore 
 Crawley, Edward (B.A.) 
 Clutterbuck, Charles Granville 
 Cobbett, Walter Palmer 
 Frodsham, James 
 
 James, WiUiam Edward (B.A.) 
 Nicklin, Herbert John 
 PoweU, John Powell Jones 
 (iTait, Duncan John 
 "SViite, Willie 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Fox, Herbert Edward William 
 Gale, John Edward 
 Hardicker, James Ogden 
 Haslam, Arthur 
 Lydall, Herbert Wykeham 
 
 Roe, William Henry- 
 Smith, Frederick Charles (LL.]', 
 
 B.A.) 
 Swann, Oliver Howard 
 
 6tdClarke, Charles Frederick 
 
 Loriston 
 aHitchins, WUliam Stanley 
 
 June, 1893. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 SPugsley, Jolm Follett 
 
 *Jones, Frederic Harry 
 *Green, Henry 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Clayton, Henry Thomas Seymour' Jeram, Prank Ernest 
 Cowley, Frederick John , Leonard, Albert Edward 
 
 Hunt, Francis John I Simpson, Harry Derwent 
 
258 
 
 Honours 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Allen, Herbert EUiston 
 Armstrong, "William Anderson 
 
 (LL.B.) 
 Bowler, Thomas Chesters 
 Brett, Alexander Dallt^s 
 Bryers, Thomas Edward 
 Buckley, George Dyson 
 Byrne, Rupert Henry 
 Finch, Ernest Gerard 
 Hinohcliffe, Arthnr Edward 
 
 Townend 
 Hind, Charles Sidney 
 
 Holbeohe, Thomas 
 Ingram, Eowland Well don 
 Johnson, Percy Marr (B.A.) 
 Jones, Frederick Graham 
 Jones-Parry, Thomas Parry 
 Leman, Downton Curtis (B.A.) 
 Lloyd, Robert Evan 
 Nix, John Stanley (B.A.) 
 Parkin, Ernest Lanfrano 
 Pritohard, Frank Shallis 
 Turner, CyrU Edward 
 Wade, Henry Oswald (LL.B.) 
 
 NOVBMEEK, 1893. 
 First Class. (In order of Jlerit.) 
 i+Owen, Owen William (B.A.) , 6f?NichoIl, David Arthur (B.A.) 
 aMeikle, James Edward I 
 
 Second Class. 
 Aske, Robert William 
 Frost, William 
 Hopper, Alfred Ernest 
 Hubbard, Chalton 
 Hyde, Harold 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Jones, Ernest Heber Landel 
 Lees, WiUiam 
 Smith, Charles 
 Soames, Joseph Charles 
 Stothart, James Bell (M.A.) 
 
 Third Class. 
 Archer, Francis WiUiam 
 Barber, Harry 
 
 Billson, Edgar Leicester (B.A.) 
 Chorlton, ^ Alfred Ethelbert 
 
 Gospatric 
 Hamer, Frederick 
 Hatch, Frederick George 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Nicholls, Joseph Godfrey 
 
 Patten, George Leath 
 
 Sapte, Fitzroy 
 
 Thomas, Walter Frederick 
 
 Turnbull, Sydney PeveriU (B.A.) 
 
 Williams, William Augustus 
 
 Woodbridge, Algernon Rivers 
 
 Special Pkizes, 1893. 
 
 James Scott ScholarsMj}. 
 
 V. H. Chambers. 
 
 Fra)icis Brodeiip Prize. 
 
 D. A. NichoU (B.A.) 
 
 Local Pkizel:. 
 Tiuipron Martin Pri?:e. 
 ■John Atkinson Pri::c. 
 
 E. L. Billson (B.A.) 
 
HONOUIlrt 
 
 259 
 
 Birminijham Law Society's Gold Medal. 
 T. A. Prest (B.A.) 
 
 Binningham Law Sooictu's Bronne Medal. 
 (Not Awarded.) 
 
 Stephen Heelis Pri::e. 
 H. J. R. Herford (B.A.) 
 
 Jamuaky, 1894. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 SfFoster, Ernest Henry i JBeardall, Julius William Edv/in 
 
 rtLegg, Arthur Stuart ! 
 
 Second Clast 
 
 Boothroyd, Allen 
 Chorley, Arthur Eeginald 
 Hart, Walter Gray 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 I Eobb, Edward Elvy 
 Walmsley, Perci-val Brunsdon 
 
 Third Class, 
 
 Barber, Charles Gilbart 
 Dawson, Conrad Edward 
 Onslow, Henry Douglas Hughes 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Palgrave, William Eeginald 
 Eaymond, Montague James 
 dEeed, WiUiam 
 
 April, 189d. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 SfWigglesworth, Francis WilUam'cEoberts, Arthur Ehys 
 
 (LL.B.) 
 aAndrews, Alexander Webb 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Ackroyd, Samuel Hooley 
 AUen, Frank 
 cZBrowne, James William 
 Fox, Adam 
 
 "'■Quicke, John Minturn (B.A.) 
 1 "Orford, Edwin Artluu- (LL.B.) 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 ' Francis, William Alfred 
 I Lesser, Algernon 
 I Smith, Ernest 
 j Sutton, William 
 
 Thu-d Class, 
 
 Dodgson, Walter (B.A.) 
 Godson, Phillip Herbert Tanker 
 
 ville 
 Hutchinson, Herbert 
 Innes, Charles Ernest 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Lewis-Lloyd, Robert Wharton 
 
 (B,A.) 
 Rodgers, Thomas Edgar 
 Thomas, Benjamin David 
 
260 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 June, 1894. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 JtMacAndrew, Stephen Lee 
 oThomas, Peter David 
 cBishop, Frederick William' 
 (LL.B.) I 
 
 "Goaman, Thomas Alford 
 ^^Bisgood, Gerald Cecil (B.A.) 
 "Nicholas, Walter Powell 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Bond, Ralph Stnart 
 Dell, Alfred Percival 
 Gray, Samuel Oscar 
 Hooper, Charles Alexander (B.A.) 
 Latham, Lovell 
 Leech, Eiohard Henry- 
 Marshall, Arthm- Edward 
 Willoughby 
 
 Marshall, John 
 Perkins, Ernest Wrigley 
 Stephens, Arthur Ne^-ille 
 Sterry, Percival 
 Stewart, John Fairhairn 
 Swaine, Eobert Coare 
 White, Eeginald John 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Campbell, Eobert Edmund (B.A.) 
 Clough, Gerard Buncombe 
 Davie, Charles Christopher 
 ' (LL.B.) 
 
 Dobinson, Ernest Croudace 
 Gould, Eeginald Claude 
 Haddock, Frank Eraser 
 Ingle, Frank Seston 
 Jeans, WiUiam Dampier 
 Kenyon, John 
 King, Gilbert Walter 
 Lester, Herbert Graham 
 
 Partington, Thomas Edward 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Pears, Hugh Vaughan (M.A.) 
 Eicketts, William Tyler 
 Sherrard, George Clifton (B.A.) 
 Stunt, William 
 Sylvester, Frederick Arthur 
 
 Percy 
 Tebbs, Henry Nelson 
 Ward, Joseph William 
 Wiltshire, Percy 
 
 November, 1894. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 SfHornsby, Thomas 
 
 I (zHepburn, Patrick Henry 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Christians, Wilham George j Nelson, WiUiam George Eraser 
 
 (iCooke, George Thomas \ Nowweiler, Arthur Henry David 
 
 Jones, Frederick George Prentice, Noel (B.A.) 
 
 Killick, Henry (B.A.) 1 Eobinson, Percy .James Hall 
 
 Wilson, Joseph Hutchinson (B.A.) 
 
HONOUES 261 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Abberley, William Heath 
 Bowdler, John Charles Henry 
 Carter, Edmimd Gardinson 
 
 Dashwood 
 Davies, William Arthiir 
 Edwards, John James 
 Fisher, John 
 Flower, Ealph Wiokham 
 Hiley, George Lewis (B.A.) 
 
 Morrison, Henry Stanley (B.A., 
 ^ LL.B.) 
 
 Newsom, Samuel James 
 Nowell, Thomas Baron 
 Eoberts, Frederick Eichard 
 
 (M.A., LL.B.) 
 Slack, William Jeremy 
 Watts, Edwin 
 Welch, Arthur 
 
 Hugh- Jones, George Dempster I Woodwark, Harwood De Courcy 
 
 Special Peizes, 1894. 
 
 James Scott Scholarship. 
 
 S. L. MaoAndrew. 
 
 Francis Broderijp Prize. 
 S. L. SlacAndrew. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Tinipron Martin Prize. 
 
 John Athinson Prir.e. 
 
 H. G. Lester. 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Oold Medal and Bronze Medal. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Ste2)hen Hcclis Prize. 
 F. W. Wigglesworth (LL.B.) 
 
 Mellersh Prize. 
 P. H. Hepburn. 
 
 January, 1895. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 iflsaacs, Moses Hyman 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Beloe, Edward Milligen 
 Graham, John Twynholm 
 Osbom, Charles Henry William 
 
 Eedfern, Francis Thomas 
 Scott, Eoderiok Mackenzie 
 c^Stobie, James 
 
262 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Careless, Archibald Lindsay 
 
 Chapman, Charles James 
 
 Craig, Gilfrid Gordon 
 
 Dowling, Thomas 
 
 Epton, Bobert 
 
 Gould, Reginald Thomason 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Hayward, Albert Harris 
 Hethorington, Joseph 
 
 Hmitley, Frederick 
 .James, Siward 
 Ivennett, Gilbert Bnttler 
 Lloyd, Joseph 
 Pomery, Geoi'ge Joseph 
 Redfern, Tom 
 Robson, John AValter 
 Snowden, -Tohn Clarke 
 Tomkins, Frank Oliphant 
 
 April, 1895. 
 
 Fu'st Class. 
 StBuokley, Charles Arthur 
 aHobson, Alfred Allen 
 (•Hanson, Henry 
 *Atkinson, Cyril 
 
 Second Class. 
 Anderson, Franlt 
 Bainbridge, Florance Anthony 
 Chadwick, Walter Alfred 
 Chapman, Ernest Lewin 
 
 (In order of Merit.) 
 
 •Henderson, Walter Scott 
 *Barnes, Walter James 
 *fZSoott, Herbert Harger 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Lambert, Frederick Charles 
 Ridsdale, Arthur Francis 
 Rydon, Henry Walter 
 Smallwood, Arthur Irving (B.A.) 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Alcock, James 
 
 Bailey, Charles Frederic \ 
 
 Elwes, Henry Geofl'rcy 
 Haddock, Percy 
 Jones, Arthur Lloyd 
 Lucas, William Wrathal 
 Macdonald, Kenneth 
 Richards, Frederick William 
 (LL.B.) 
 
 Eitson, Vernon Ashley 
 Spencer, Arthur Norton 
 Whitehead, William Marquis 
 
 (LL.B.) 
 Williams, Herbert (M.A.) 
 Wilson, Frank Hebden 
 
 JUNE, 1895. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 5tRiohardson, Frederick William. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Baker, Charles 
 
 Barnes, Goodwin Howard 
 
 Barnett, Harold Darracott Morris 
 
 Burgess, Fred 
 
 Esson, Ernest Cuthbertson 
 
 Halton, Frederic William 
 
 Heathcote, Godfrey 
 
 Hindley, George Henry 
 
 Jolly, ^^thur 
 
 Matthewman, Alfred Ernest 
 
 (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Singleton, William Edward 
 Topham, George 
 Umney, Percy (B.A.) 
 
HONOUES 
 
 263 
 
 Third Class. (In 
 Alder, Charles Henry Lawrence 
 Atehley, Edward Herbert 
 Barnes, Reginald Garrould 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Brennan, James 
 Careless, Edward Powell 
 Catling, Charles Bowker (B.A.) 
 Cooke, Frederic Horace (B.A.) 
 Cotton, Lionel Francis (LL.B.) 
 Dickson, James Husband 
 Dootson, Thomas Robert 
 Enever, Charles Richard 
 Healing, George Edward (B.A.) 
 Hilton, Edwin Kennedy 
 Jackson, William (B.A.) 
 Lloyd, Charles Owen 
 Merry, Major 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Neale, Dennis 
 
 Orme, Harold William 
 
 Patey, Samuel 
 
 Picton, George Wilson (B.A.) 
 
 Rider, Edward Percy 
 
 Stedman, Francis Robert 
 
 Stephens, Ernest Henry (LL.B.) 
 
 Tubbs, Leonard (B.A.) 
 
 Tudor, George 
 
 Ward, Arthur Henry 
 
 Waterman, Arthur Nunneley 
 
 (M.A.) 
 Wisden, Frederic 
 Woolsey, Godfrey Edward Wel- 
 
 lingham 
 Young, Robert Archibald 
 
 Not Classed. 
 fZPranldin, Albert Henry. 
 
 November, 1895. 
 First Class. (Li order of Merit.) 
 
 itJonghaus, Thomas Chadwiok cMead, Gerald Harvey 
 nVaughton, Rowland Griffith 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Second Class 
 
 Box, Henry Thomas 
 Bulkley, Maurice Arthur 
 Chambers, Charles Graham 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Drewry, Edward Gwyther 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Hayward, Charles John William 
 
 (B.A., B.C.L.) 
 Kent, Arthur Lawrence 
 Littler, Oswald Collier 
 Mott, Charles Egerton (B.A.) 
 
 Bottomley, Leonard (M.A., 
 
 LL.B.) 
 Butcher, Hugh 
 Durrance, Walter 
 Edwards, Morrice Alfred (B.A.) 
 Jacobs, Jacob 
 
 Johnstone, George Wild 
 Lowless, Ronald Dosson 
 tZRoberts, John Trevor 
 VinaU, Cecil 
 Whitgreave, Charles Vincent 
 
 Special Prizes, 1895. 
 James Scott Scholarship. 
 C. A. Buckley. 
 
2G4 
 
 IIONOUES 
 
 Francis Broderip Prine. 
 C. A. Buckley 
 
 Local Pkizes. 
 
 Tiinpion Martin Pri::c. 
 
 John Atkinson Prize. 
 
 William Jackson. 
 
 Birmingham Lazo Society's Gold Medal 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Birmingham Laiv Society's Bronze Medal, 
 r. A. Bainbridge. 
 
 Stephen Hfelis Prir.e. 
 Cj'ril Atkinson. 
 
 Mcllcrsh Prize. 
 Cecil Vinall. 
 
 .January, 189G. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 itJones, AVilliam Eyerard Tyklesley. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Avmitage, John Henry (B.A.) 
 Chadwiek, Herbert Francis 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Fairbairn, Andrew ]\rartin 
 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Mellor, Harold Porter (15. A.) 
 Pettit, Charle.s Edward 
 Taylor, Claude Philip Eaton 
 Thomas, Herbert George 
 (ZThompson, Vincent (M.A.) 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Barnard, Harold Granville 
 
 (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Barwell, Wilfred Thomas de 
 
 BerdeweUe 
 Bates, Arthur 
 
 Clayton, Ronald Percy (B.A.) 
 Constable, Sydney Pearce 
 Davey, Herbert 
 Elsdon, William John 
 Fell, George Edward Hunter 
 Garsed, David 
 Harris, Trevor Edward 
 Hodges, Thomas Bouse 
 
 Holdsworth, Plarold Abercrombie 
 Jackson, George WiUiam 
 Joseph, Arthur Samuel 
 Josselyn, John 
 Leach, Godfrey (B.A.) 
 Lewis, Martin Barry 
 Neighbour, Thomas Frank 
 Pott, George Stanley (B.A.) 
 Round, Arthur 
 Strange, Herbert Kendall 
 Whittingham, Ferdinand Sam- 
 ford 
 
HONOUliS 
 
 265 
 
 Ape:l, 1896. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 JfMiall, Stephen (B.Sc, LL.B.) ] cPlant, George Gosling 
 <w?Downer,HaroldGeorge (LL.B .) i 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 BeU, Herbert Grimshaw (LL.B.) Jones, William Samuel 
 Chessher, Edwin James 
 Dryland, Harold Coster 
 Herron, James Eowan (M.A., 
 
 LL.M.) 
 Hodgkinson, Henry Robert 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Kyle, George 
 Pybus, William Mark 
 Simmons, Percy Coleman 
 Watts, Elias Millward 
 
 Bromley, Nathaniel 
 
 Warner (B.A.) 
 Dods, Alfred 
 Duffell, Tom Haynes 
 
 Barrett 
 
 Fraser, Simon 
 
 Jones, Rowland Guthrie 
 
 Lawrance, Howard 
 
 Ju\E, 1890. 
 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 JfCarpenter, George Armitage ' cLangley, KeginaldHubert (B.A.) 
 
 rtMarks, Henry 
 
 Second Class. (In 
 
 Benlley, Edmund George 
 Burrows, Richard Ai'thiu* 
 Coupe, Sam Lomas 
 Devonshire, George Thomas 
 Harding, Charles Copeley 
 Jackson, Frederick 
 Jones, Lawrence 
 Lightly, Charles Albert Morton 
 Mammatt, Edward Arthur 
 Monies, William Edward (B.A., 
 LL.B.) 
 
 *Edgelow, John Hennen 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Reade, George (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Ruston, Ernest Edwin 
 Schmidt, George Martin 
 Silverston, Bertram (B.A.,LL.B.) 
 Smith, Cecil Plumbe 
 Stevens, Edgcombe 
 Waterson, Henry George 
 Watson, Harold 
 WUlett, Edward Reginald 
 Withers, Alfred 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Baines, Eustace Henry Melville 
 
 Talbot (LL.B.) 
 Barchard, Eustace Heywood 
 Bardswell, Arthur Hamilton 
 Bell, John Robson 
 Blaokmore, Harold Close (B.A., 
 
 LL.B.) 
 Coode, Alan Penrose (LL.B.) 
 
 Drury, Albert Ward 
 
 Durham, Andrew Charles 
 
 Lancelot 
 Fraser, Hugh Winkworth (B.A.) 
 Gilbert, Edward Basil Graham 
 Lawrence, James Edward Gar- 
 
 nons 
 Major, Henry Ernest 
 
266 
 
 IIONOUKS 
 
 Oliver, Arthur Manle 
 Parker, George Granville 
 Parker, Samuel 
 Preece, Percy John (B.A.) 
 Shepherd, William Lewis (B A.) 
 Shortt, Charles Septimus 
 Simmons, Edward Coleman 
 
 Smith, Algernon John Dm4iam 
 (M.A.) 
 
 fZSmith-Marriott, Charles Er- 
 nest (B.A.) 
 
 Wilkinson, Kenneth Edward 
 Towler (B.A., LLB.) 
 
 Wilson, Albert George Ernest. 
 
 November, 1S9C. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 ifChilver, Arthur Earquhar (B.A.) 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Dodshon, Edwin (LL.B.) 
 Barengey, WiUiam George 
 Elias, William Pritchard (B.A.) 
 Giles, Harry Boss 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 cZHuntsman, Edmund 
 Eobinson, John Henry 
 Stevens, Frank Herron 
 Vinall, Hugh John 
 
 Third Class. (In 
 
 Andrew, William Stobo 
 
 ]Berry, Herbert John 
 
 Brown, George Fowler Carring- 
 
 ton 
 Clemesha, Henry Wordsworth 
 
 (M.A.) 
 Colhs, Harry Neild (B.A., LL.B.) 
 Cotman, Leonard (B.A.) 
 Dowson, Bernard Withers 
 Ekin, Charles (B.A.) 
 Francis, Herbert 
 Hall-Smith, James 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Havers, Arthur Claude (B.A.) 
 
 Holt, Harry 
 
 Livsey, George (LL.B.) 
 
 Matthews, Guy 
 
 Pfahl, Harry 
 
 Pryce, William Edward 
 
 Baper, WiUiam Augustiis Cassin 
 
 Eobinson, Charles 
 
 Shimeld, Christopher Wesley 
 
 Smith, Percy Hazell 
 
 Tanner, George Frederic 
 
 Weld, Francis Joseph 
 
 Special Prizes, 1896. 
 
 James Scott Scliolarsliij). 
 
 W. E. T. Jones. 
 
 Francis Brodcrip Fri;:o. 
 W. E. T. Jones. 
 
 Local Prizes. 
 
 Timpron Martin Pi-i-c. 
 
 John Afkinson Pri:ie, 
 
 F. J. Weld. 
 
iioxouEs 267 
 
 Bh-iningham Law Society's Gold Medal. 
 (Not awarded.) 
 
 Birmingham Law Society's Bron::e Medal. 
 H. E. Hodgkinson. 
 
 Sieplien Heelis Prize. 
 li. P. Mellor (B.A..) 
 
 Mellersh Prize. 
 H. J. Vinall. 
 
 Janxjaey, 1897. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 SfLearoyd, Herbert Alfred (M.A., LL.B.) 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Parr, William Edward I Syrett, Clarence Gonllee 
 
 Stephen, Lessel Palmer (B.A.) | Williams, Edward Percy 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Barlow, Evan 
 Dymond, Robert 
 Gunn, Alfred Saunders 
 Hopton, Ulric 
 
 North, Leonard Alfred Lauraine 
 Pile, George Henry Htidson 
 (B.A.) 
 
 Prentice, John Manning (B.A.) 
 
 Pullan, Walter 
 
 fZEobertson, William Alexander 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Williamson, Arthur Peel 
 Wood, John Crewe 
 
 Apeil, 1897. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 fcti^Kahn, Edgar Nathan Eichard. 
 
 Second Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Evans, William Robert (LL.B.) 
 Jepps, EUiott Potton (B.A.) 
 Sharman, Hereward Eeid. 
 
 White, William Ernest Crabtree 
 (B.A.) 
 
268 
 
 HONOURS 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Arnison, Charles 
 
 Burns, Hugh 
 
 Forbes, Barre Eobert Maohray 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Green, George 
 Hibbert, Joseph 
 
 Mackintosh, Charles (LL.B.) 
 Stirk, Frank Aubrey (B.A., 
 
 LL.B.) 
 Thompson, Henry Boderick 
 Parez, Adrian Hubert 
 Thornton, Thomas 
 
 June, 1897. 
 First Class. (In order of Merit.) 
 
 6t<ZMenneer, Sydney Charles 
 
 (LL.B.) 
 aHives, Charles Yesey (B.A.) 
 cPhillips, Charles Thomas George 
 
 Francis 
 
 *Taylor, Percy James 
 *Morris, Percy William 
 
 Second Class. (In 
 
 Bennett, William 
 
 Bergh, Francis Kattray | 
 
 Cooks, John William 
 
 Daly, James Thomas Joseph [ 
 
 Davies, Thomas John 
 
 Hibbert, Percy 
 
 James, Richard Eedfern Lech- ; 
 
 mere I 
 
 Merriman, Hugh Alexander 
 
 (LL.B.) I 
 
 Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Mitchell, George Matthew Guy 
 Taylor, Frank William 
 Varley, Frank (LL.B.) 
 Ward, Maurice Suckling (B.A.) 
 Whitting, Arthur Gregory 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Wightman, Benjamin Arthur, 
 
 (B.A., LL.B.) 
 
 Third Class. (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 Aynsley, John Murray 
 Calcott, Percy Berkeley 
 Cayley, Osbert Arthur 
 Chambers, Arthur Burton 
 Clay, Fredrick Septimus 
 Davies, Eobert Cropley 
 Davy, Henry Eawle 
 Evill, Charles Ariel 
 Fairbrother, Harold 
 Livesey, Arthur James 
 Longmore, Philip Eaynsford 
 
 (B.A.) 
 Lucas, Clarence Cecil 
 
 Mcllquham, Harold 
 
 Marley, Hugh 
 
 MowU, William Eutley 
 
 Northmore, John 
 
 Payne, Henry Arthur (B.A.) 
 
 Phelps, Thomas Tettrell (B.A.) 
 
 Sidebotham, William Henry 
 
 Slater, George Henry 
 
 Smith, David 
 
 Smith, Leonard William (B.A.) 
 
 Watson, Fredrick William 
 
 Wilkinson, William Alexander 
 
 Williams, Henry Percival 
 
EONOUES 
 
 269 
 
 November, 1897. 
 
 First Class. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee the standard attained by the 
 Candidates did not justify the issue of any First Class List. 
 
 Second Class. 
 
 Brown, R. S. (B.A.) 
 Harrison, E. B. (LL.B.) 
 
 Third Class. 
 
 Baird, S. M. 
 Bischoff, C. E. 
 Cane, Henry 
 Childs, P. H. 
 Gibb, A. M. 
 James, A. M. 
 James, J. E. (LL.B.) 
 Jones, A. D. 
 
 (In Alphabetical order.) 
 
 I Moseley, H. H. (B.A., B.C.L.) 
 I Steele, E. I. 
 
 (In Alphabetical Order.) 
 
 Killey, J. B. (B.A.) 
 Poste, F. W. B. (LL.B.) 
 Prideaux, W. T. 
 Eatchff, W. M. (B.A.) 
 Eichardson, W. E. 
 Woodbridge, E. T. 
 Woodhouse, W. H. 
 
270 THE SOi.UETi' .S I!Ji(.II8TRY DEPARTMENT 
 
 THE SOCIETY'S REGISTRY DEPART- 
 MENT 
 
 Regiders open and tit use, viz. : — 
 
 Eegister A Land and other Properties for Sale. 
 
 „ B Money for Investment in piiroliase of Landed and 
 other properties. 
 
 „ C Property offered on Mortgage. 
 
 ,, D Money for Investment on Mortgage. 
 
 „ B SoHcitors wanting Clerks. 
 
 „ F Clerkships wanted. 
 
 BEGULATIONS. 
 
 1. Entries lasting for three naonths (for which a fee of 5s. each 
 is payable) will be made on the Begisters A, B, C, and D on the 
 reqiTest of Members of the Society, or their clerks authorised in 
 writing, who will be entitled to search gratis such Registers, or the 
 Secretaiy will, on written application stating the reference number, 
 forward, by post, the'namies and addresses of those Members who 
 have made entries. Forms, in which the necessary particulars 
 must be inserted, will be supplied on application at the Registry 
 Office. To prevent applications by unavithorised-persons, the forms 
 must be signed by the Solicitor procuring them. 
 
 2. Entries on the Registers A, B, C, and D may be renewed on 
 payment of a fee of 5s. after the expiration of three months from 
 the date of entry, otherwise they will be expunged. The Registers 
 can also l)e searched gratis by all practising Solicitors, or their 
 clerks, duly authorised in writing. 
 
 3. In addition to the insertion of entries on the Registers A, B, 
 C, and D, a further privilege is given of having the entries inserted 
 in a printed list for a period of three monthd. Such list can be 
 obtained by Members on payment of a fee of del. and by non- 
 Members of a fee of Is. for each copy. Arrangements are made 
 for supplying to Members the printed Lists, for twelve months by 
 post, on receipt of 6s. payable in advance ; and to non-Members, of 
 12s. payable in like manner, and, as only a limited nvunber of copies 
 
TUE society's HEOJ.STIIY DEPARTMENT 271 
 
 will be printed each month, Solicitors are requested to intimate 
 to the Secretary, as early as possible, whether they wish to be 
 supplied with copies. 
 
 4. Entries, lasting for three months (for which a fee of 2s. Of?, 
 each is payable), can be made on the Eegister of Clerks "Wanted (B) 
 on the application of any Solicitor or his clerk duly authorised in 
 writing, and searches can be made by such Solicitor or clerk on 
 Eegister (F) gratis. Searches may also be made by any practising 
 Solicitor, or by his clerk duly authorised in writing, on payment of 
 a fee of 2s. 6d. until suited with a clerk. 
 
 5. Entries, lasting for three months (for which a fee of Is. each 
 is payable), can be made on the Begister of Clerkships "Wanted (F) 
 on the application of any clerk producing the written authority of a 
 practising Solicitor, but such authority must, in ordinary cases, be 
 from his present or last employer, and searches can be made by 
 such clerk on Eegister (E) gratis, or by any other clerk on his 
 producing a written authority, in ordinary cases, froin his present 
 or last employer, being a practising Solicitor, on payment of a fee 
 of Is. for every three months, but may be renewed at any time on 
 payment of a fee of Is. 
 
 6. SoHoitors are requested to bear in mind when obtaining 
 information from the Society's Eegisters that, the Eegisters having 
 been established for the personal use of Solicitors only, such 
 information is not, on any account, to be given to, or for the use of, 
 any Financial Agent, Mortgage Broker, Estate or other Agent. 
 
 7. Solicitors and clerks using the Eegisters are required to give 
 immediate notice to the Secretary of transactions effected and 
 appointments obtained through, or after entry on, the Eegister, 
 and Clerks who fail to give such notice will not be allowed to have 
 their names re-entered, except under special circumstances. 
 
 8. Entries on the Eegisters are subject to the approval of the 
 Secretary. 
 
 The Eegistry Office is open daily from 10 a.ji. to 4 p.m., except 
 on Saturdays, when it will be closed at 2 p.m. 
 
272 LAW SOCIETY CLVr> 
 
 LAW SOCIETY CLUB 
 
 A POETION of the Society's Hall is appropriated to the use of a 
 Club, from the rules of which the following is an extract. 
 
 1. The Club shall be confined to Members of the Incorporated 
 Law Society, and any member of the Club who shall from any 
 cause cease to he a Member of the Society shall, ipso facto, cease 
 to he a Member of the Club. The Committee, notwithstanding 
 anything to the contrary in these Rules, shall have power, subject 
 to the approbation of a majority of the Members voting at a 
 General Meeting si^ecially called for the purpose, to elect as 
 Honorary Member any person not being a Member of the 
 Incorporated Larv Society, but that the number of such Honorary 
 Members shall not at any time exceed twenty, and that such elec- 
 tion shall be for a period not exceeding tivo years, with power of 
 re-election. 
 
 2. Any Member of the Incorporated Law Society desiring to 
 become a Member of the Club shall, on notifying his intention to 
 the Secretary of the Clnb and paying his entrance fee and annual 
 suhscription, become a Member. 
 
 3. livery Mcvibcr shall, on his admission, piay Five guineas 
 as entrance fee, and those Members talnng out Town Certificates 
 shall pay an annual suhscription of Six guineas, and those tahing 
 out Country Certificates an, anmtal suhscription of Three guineas. 
 
 Further information can be obtained on application to Mr. 
 A. Keen, Secretary of the Club. 
 
GENERAL INDEX 
 
 N.B. — Tlie figures within brackets refer to tte paragraphs, 
 the other figures refer to the pages. 
 
 Abated suits, reviving, for payment of costs [19], p. 118 j: 
 Abroad, taking affidavits [3], p. 155 
 the legal profession, 62-G4 
 Accounts of the Society, 85, 86 
 
 audit [64], p. 86 
 
 inspection [65], p. 86 
 
 issue to members [64], p. 86 
 
 reopening [65], p. 86 
 
 signature by auditors [64], p. 86 
 
 by chairman [65], p. 86 
 submission to meeting for approval [65], p. 8(i 
 Accounts under Solicitors Act, 1860 [20], p. 108 
 
 inspection [20], p. 108 
 Address of the Society, iv. 
 
 Admiralty, solicitor to; exemptions [47], p. 103 ; [12], p. 121 
 Admiralty Court, solicitors entitled to practise in, 17 ; [87], p. 118 
 Admission of solicitors in England, 138, 143 
 
 examinations to be passed [5], p. 124 
 exemption of solicitors to public departments [471, p. 103 
 fees on [11], p. 138 
 objections to, 144 
 procedure, 143 
 readmission, 144 
 stamps on, 152 ; [6], p. 163 
 Admission of English solicitors in the Colonies, 49-59 
 Admission to the legal profession abroad, 62-64 
 Affidavits, commissioners for taking, 155 
 
 made out of England [3], p. 155 ; [6], p. l.JG ; [2], p. IGl 
 meaning of term ' affidavit ' [11], p. 157 
 procedure in requiring a solicitor to answer, 141 
 Agreements for remuneration of solicitors, 114-118, 134 
 
 under hand ; preparation of [44], p. 151 
 AmbassaAyrs ; power to take oaths [6], p. 156 
 AnniMl certificate ; see ' Kegistrar's Certificate ' 
 
 T 
 
274 GENEEAL INDEX 
 
 Annual Oeneral Meeting 
 
 adjournments [17], p. 78 ; [28], p. 80 
 amendments to motions [vi.] [vii.], p. 81 
 business of [15], p. 77 
 chairman [14], p. 70; [27], p. 79 
 
 casting vote [29], p. 80 
 
 decision [36], p. 81 
 date [13], p. 70 ; [13], p. 77 
 debate, rules of [33], p. 80 
 decision of questions [29], p. 80 
 explanations [v.], p. 81 
 irregularities [38], p. 82 
 minutes [37], p. 81 
 
 motions [16], p. 78 ; [30] [32] [33], p. 80 
 notice of [14], p. 77 
 order of proceedings [17], p. 78 
 place [13], p. 77 
 previous question [33], p. 80 
 quorum [26], p. 79 
 rediscussion [35], p. 81 
 resolutions ; when binding [34], p. 81 
 speeches, duration of [33], p. 80 ; [iv.], p. 81 
 voting [29], p. 80 
 
 (See also ' General Meeting ') 
 
 Annual report of Council [15], p. 77 ; [17], p. 78 
 
 Annual subscription of members [5] [6], p. 76 ; [1] [2], p. 88 
 
 Appointments open to barristers, 44 
 
 barristers and solicitors, 45 
 solicitors, 48 
 
 Articled Clerks 
 
 certain solicitors not to take [4], p. 94 
 employment of [12], p. 95 : [10], p. 106 ; [4], p. 119 
 examinations to be passed [4] [5], p. 124 
 library, admission to [70], p. 87 ; [3], p. 88 
 number that solicitor may take, 32 ; [4], p. 94 
 service of 
 
 defects in [29], p. 98 
 duration 5 years [3], p. 94 
 
 4 years [5], p. 106 ; [13], p. 127, 173, 174 
 B years [2] [3] [4], p. 105 ; [15], p. 107 
 for one year with barrister [6], p. 94 ; [6], p. 106 
 
 London agent [6], p. 94 ; [2] [4], p. 105 f 
 [6], p. 106 ; [15], p. 107 
 summary of regulations as to, 195-6 
 to solicitor who be^mes bankrupt [5], p. 94 
 digs [13] p. 95 
 
 is clerk to another solicitor [4], p. 94 
 is struck off rolls [28], p. 97 
 retires [13], p. 95 
 tuition, 169-172 
 
GENERAL INDEX 275 
 
 Articks of Clerkship 
 
 expiring in vacation [12], p. 107, ISOn 
 
 first prescribed, 32 
 
 inspection of register [7], p. 137 
 
 omission to register [8], p. 137 
 
 penalties for not stamping [27], p. 150 
 
 registration [7], p. 137, 143 
 
 service under, 5 years [3], p. Oi 
 
 i years [5], p. 106 ; [13], p. 127, 173-74 
 3 years [2] [3] [4], p. 105 ; [15], p. 107 
 irregular [15], p. 128 
 
 stamps on [26], p. 150, 152 
 
 summary of regulations, 195-96 
 Athinson Prize, 190 
 Attorney General 
 
 fiat for proceedings under Solicitors Act, 1860 [2G], p. 110 
 Attorneys 
 
 abolition of term, 28 ; [87], p. 118 
 
 admission, 29, 31, 32 
 
 appointment, 27, 28 
 
 construction of term [21], p. 128 
 
 formerly members of Inns of Court, 31 
 
 origin of term, 27 
 
 restriction on numbers admitted, 29, 30 
 Auditors of the Society 
 
 casual vacancies [C3], p. 80 
 
 election [61], p. 80 
 
 names of, 1897-8, vi. 
 
 nomination [60], p. 80 
 
 number [59], p. 86 
 
 qualification [59], p. 8G 
 
 resignation [G2], p. 80 
 
 signatures to accounts [64], p. 86 
 Authentication of rules, certificates, notices, &c., issued by the Society 
 [20], p. 128 
 
 Banhruptcy Courts 
 
 solicitor's right of audience in, 17 
 
 Bar, call of solicitors to the, 43 
 
 Barrister 
 
 articled clerk's service with [6], p. 94 ; [6], 106 
 
 articles, service under, of person who has been a [3], p. 105 
 
 exemption from service under [12], p. 127 
 intermediate examination, exemption [12], p. 127 
 preliminary examination, exemption [10], p. 126 
 public appointments confined to, 44, 45 
 
 Belgium, legal profession in, 62 
 
 Bermuda, admission in, 49 
 
 T 2 
 
276 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Bills of Costs 
 
 delivery [37], p. 90 
 
 evidence of [37], p. 101 
 order for [37], p. 101 
 of copy [40], p. 102 
 old law as to, 30, 32 
 re-taxation [40], p. 102 
 taxation [37], p. 99 
 
 after payment [41] , p. 102 
 12 months [37], p. 100 
 verdict [37], p. 100 
 agreement as to costs [15], p. 118 
 , costs of [37], p. 100 
 on application of client [37], p. 99 
 
 solicitor [37], p. 99 ; [2], p. 122 
 trustees [39], p. 101 
 procedure [43], p. 103 
 power of taxing officer to refer [42], p. 102 
 
 take into account skill, &c. [l>i 
 p. 118 
 third party [38], p. 101 
 
 {See also ' Costs ') 
 Bircliam, Mr. F. T., and the Solicitors Act, 1877, 15 
 Birmingham Law Society's prizes, 190 
 Bombay, admission in, 51 
 British Columbia, admission in, 49 
 British Guiana, admission in, 50 
 Broderip Prize, 189 
 
 Burtmi, Mr. E. P., and the Solicitors Act, 1877, 13 
 Bye-laios of Society 
 
 general meeting may make [12], p. 09 
 
 procedure as regards alteration, repeal, A-c. [30] TSl], p. 80 
 
 text of, 79-87 
 
 Calcutta, admission in, 51 
 Cavibridge 
 
 degrees exempting from intermediate [3], p. 154, 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 120 
 reducing term of articles [2], p. 105 
 examinations exempting from intermediate [3], p. 154, 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 126 
 reducing term of articles [13], p. 127, 173 
 Canada, admission in, 50 
 Cape Colony, admission in, 56 
 Certificate (Annual), see 'Registrar's Certificate ' 
 Ceylon, admission in, 50 
 Chairman of Cotincil [32], p. 91 
 
 powers and duties of [35], p. 91 
 
GENERAL IXDEX 277 
 
 Chairman of General Meetings [14], p. 70 ; [27], p, 79 
 
 powers and duties of [17], p. 78; [29] 
 [33], p. 80 ; [85] [3G] [37], p. 81 ; [45], 
 p. 83 ; [65], p. 86 
 Chanqierti/, agreements tainted with [11], p. 117 
 Charginr; orders for costs [28], p. Ill 
 Charters of the Society 
 historical, 7, 8 
 
 text of Charter of 1843, 65-71 
 1872, 72-74 
 to be favourably construed, 71 
 Classes for instruction of articled clerks 
 institution of, 13 
 particulars of, 170-71 
 Clement's Inn Prize, 188, 200 
 Client, meaning of, in Solicitors Act, 1870 [3], p. 114 
 
 Solicitors' Remuneration Act, 1881 [1], p. 132 
 not to recover costs in ex«ess of those payable by him to his 
 solicitor [5], p. 115 
 
 Clifford's Inn Prize, 188, 200 
 Club, appropriation of rooms for [72], p. 87 
 extract from rules, 272 
 secretary, 272 
 College of Preceptors 
 
 examination exempting from preliminary [10], p. 126 
 Colonial solicitors 
 
 admission in England, 60 
 
 stamps on, [6], p. 163 
 list of colonies and dependencies to which Acts apply, 61 
 reciuirements prior to admission in England of solicitors who 
 have practised for 7 years in colonies or dependencies in which 
 5 years' service under articles and examination prior to admis- 
 sion are obligatory, viz. : — 
 
 affidavit as to residence within jurisdiction of English 
 
 Court [4], p. 162 ; [1], p. 164 
 application of Acts to colony, 60 ; [3], p. 162 
 British nationality [3], p. 162 ; [1], p. 164 
 certificate of judge [4], p. 162 ; [1], p. 164 
 additional requirements as regards solicitors who have practised 
 for less than 7 years in such colonies or dependencies : — 
 
 affidavit as to cessation of practice for 12 months [4], p. 162 
 
 examination prior to admission m England [4], p. 162 
 
 further requirements as regards solicitors admitted in colonies or 
 
 dependencies in which service under articles for 5 years and 
 
 examination prior to admission are not obligatory in all 
 
 cases : — 
 
 application of Acts to colony [1], p. 165 
 examination prior to admission in colony [1], p. 165 
 practice in colony for 7 years [1], p. 165 
 Bervioe under articles in colony for 5 years [1], p, 163 
 
278 GENEKAL IXDEX 
 
 Colonies, admission of English solicitors in, 49-59 
 Commissioner, perpetual ; see ' Perpetual Commissioner ' 
 Commissioners to administer oaths, 41 
 
 ambassadors, consuls, &o. empowered to act as [6], p. 
 
 156; [2], p. 161 
 appointed before January 1, 1890 [13j, p. 157 
 appointment of [1], p. 155 
 forgery of signature of [8], p. 156 
 jurat [5], p. 156 
 oCfioials empowered to administer oaths in certain cases 
 
 [2], p. 155 
 powers of [1], p. 155 ; [1], p. 161 
 register of [30], p. Ill 
 regulations on applying for commission, 41 
 using affidavit knowing that commissioner's signature is 
 forged [8], p. 156 
 Committee, discipline, appointment of [12], p. 138 
 examination, appointment of [1], p. 175 
 remuneration in conveyancing, &o. [2], p. 133 
 special, appointment of [50], p. 84 ; [34], p. 91 
 Covimon Seal {see ' Seal of Society ') 
 
 Consuls empowered to take affidavits, &o. [6], p. 156 ; [2], p. 161 
 Conveyancers^ certificates [22], p. 109 ; [34], p. 112 
 Conveyancing Acts, originated with the Society, 24 
 
 formerly not part of solicitor's business, 34 
 remuneration [4], p. 133 
 
 rule making committee [2], p. 138 
 questions first set at final, 34 
 Costs abated suits, revival for payment of [19], p. 118 
 actions for recovery of [37], p. 99 ; [2], p. 122 
 agreements between solicitor and client under Solicitors Act, 1870 
 as affected by bankruptcy [12], p. 117 
 
 change of solicitor [14], p. 117 
 death or incapacity of solicitor [13], 
 p. 117 
 as affecting amounts recoverable from third persons 
 [5], p. 115 
 rights of third person [5], p. 115 
 enforcing [8], p. 115 
 entered into by committees [10], p. 116 
 guardians [10], p. 116 
 trustees [10], p. 116 
 form of [4], p. 114 
 
 reopening after payment [10], p. 116 
 setting aside [9], p. 116 
 stipulations excluding negligence [7], p. 115 
 
 for payment only in event of success 
 [11], p. 117 
 to be fair and reasonable [9], p. 116 
 in writing [4], p. 114 
 inclusive [6], p. 115 
 
GENERAL INDEX 279 
 
 Costs (continued) 
 
 agreements to what costs applicable [9], p. 135 
 
 between solicitor and client under Solicitors' Eemu- 
 
 neration Act, 1881 
 as regards disbursements [8], p. 134 
 enforcing [8], p. 134 
 form of [8], p. 134 
 signature [8], p. 134 
 to be in writing [8], p. 134 
 to what costs applicable [8], p. 134 
 charging orders for [28], p. Ill 
 future, security for [16], p. 118 ; [5], p. 134 
 interest on [27], p. 110 ; [17], p. 118 ; [5], p. 134 
 (See also ' Bills of Costs ') 
 
 Council of the Society 
 
 annual report [15], p. 77 ; [17], p. 78 
 
 casual vacancies [48], p. 82 
 
 chairman [32], p. 91 
 
 committees [50], p. 84 ; [34], p. 91 
 
 constitution [8], p. 68, 74 
 
 disqualification of member r4e], p. 82 
 
 election [8], p. 68; [14], p. 77-; [44], p. 82 ; [45] [46], p. 83 
 
 irregularities [38], p. 82 
 extraordinary members, 74 ; [47], p. 84 
 examination committee [1], p. 175 
 first CounoU [9], p. 68 
 may act on behalf of Society [11], p. 69 ; [50], p. 84 ; [19], p. 128 
 
 [17], p. 139 
 meetings [31] [33], p. 91 
 minutes [51], p. 85 ; [35], p. 91 
 motions [37], p. 92 
 names of, 1897-8, v. 
 
 number of members [8], p. 68 ; 74 ; [39], p. 82 
 order of proceedings [35], p. 91 
 quorum for general purposes [11], p. 69 
 
 suspension of member of Council [48], p. 84 
 Society [11], p. 76 
 re-election [40], p. 82 
 regulations, making [50], p. 84 
 resignations [41], p. 82 
 "esolutions [11], p. 69 
 
 rescinding [36], p. 92 
 rotation of members [40], p. 82 
 
 County Courts, admission in [27], p. 97 
 
 unqualified person practising in [2], p. 93 
 Customs, solicitor of, exemptions [47], p. 103; [12], p. 121 
 
 Debate, rules of, at general meetings [33], p. 80 
 
 Declaration leading to Eegistrar's certificate [23], p. 96 ; [16], p. 128 ; 130 
 penalty for making false [43], p. 150 
 
280 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Declaration, statutory [11], p. 157 
 
 Defects in articles, service, admission, &c. ; striking ofi roll on account 
 
 of [29], p. 98 
 Deposit rooms in tbe Society's building, 90-1 
 Disbursements, interest on [17], p. 118 ; [5], p. 134 
 Discipline committee under Solicitors Act, 1888 
 applications to [13], p. 138 
 appointment of [12], p. 138 
 power to administer oaths [14], p. 139 
 
 sit in divisions [9], p. 143 
 jirocedure before, 141-3 
 forms, 145-9 
 quorum [12], p. 138 
 report [8], p. 143 
 Divorce Court, solicitors' right to practise in, 17 ; [87], p. 118 
 Documents, impounding under Commissioners for Oaths Act [10], p. 157 
 Drafts on the Society's bankers [38], p. 92. 
 Dublin University 1 
 Durham University J 
 
 degrees exempting from intermediate [3], i). 154 ; 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 126 
 reducing term of articles [2], p. 105 
 examinations exempting from preliminary [10], p. 126 
 
 reducing term of articles [13], p. 127 ; 173 
 
 Ecclesiastical Commissioners, exemption of solicitor [12], p. 121 
 Ecclesiastical Courts, solicitors' right to practise in, 15, 17 ; [17], p. 128 
 Education, Society's scheme of tuition, &c., 169 
 Election of auditors, 86 
 
 Council, ordinary members, 68, 82, 83 
 extraordinary members, 74, 84 
 irregularity in [38], p. 82 
 members of Society, 66, 70, 75 
 President, 68, 74 
 Vice-president, 68, 74 
 Examination Committee 
 
 appointment [1], p. 175 
 chairman [1], p. 175 
 casual vacancy [1], p. 175 
 examiners for intermediate and final [3], p. 175 
 preliminary examination conducted under committee's super- 
 vision [3], p. 175 
 Queen's Bench Master [2], p. 175 
 quorum [1], p. 175 
 time for appointment of [1], p. 175 
 
 notifying books for intermediate [14], p. 173 
 Examinations 
 
 application of fees [8], p. 125 
 fees [8], p. 125; 173 
 
GENERAL INDEX 281 
 
 Examinations (continued) 
 
 history of, 11, 12, 34, 35, 36 
 number to be held [6], p. 124 
 Society's powers as to [6], p. 124 
 
 making regulations [6], p. 124 
 regulations, 176-189 
 Examiners, paid assistant, appointment [4], p. 176 
 names of, vii. 
 remuneration [5], p. 176 
 Exemptions of solicitors to public departments [47], p. 103 ; [12], p. 121 
 summary of as regards the intermediate, 197 
 final, 197 
 preliminary, 194 
 service under articles, 195-6 
 Extraordinary members of Council 
 election, 74 ; [47], p. 84. 
 names of, 1897-8, vi. 
 
 not eligible for presidency or vice-presidency, 74 
 number, 74 ; [47], p. 84 
 qualification, 74 ; [47], p. 84 
 time for election [47], p. 84 
 
 Fees payable to the Society in respect of 
 
 admissions [11], p. 138 
 
 articles [7], p. 137 
 
 commissions to administer oaths [30], p. Ill 
 
 take acknowledgments [30], p. Ill 
 
 final examination, 173 
 
 honours examination, 188« 
 
 intermediate examination, 173 
 
 legal education classes, 171-2 
 
 preliminary examination, 173 
 
 registry of properties, &o., 270-1 
 Fiat of Attorney-General under Solicitors Act, 1860 [26], p. 110 
 Field, Mr. E. W., and the Koyal Courts, 22 
 Fiji, admission in, 51 
 Final Examination 
 
 certificate [25], p. 181 ; 183 
 
 refusal of, appeal [9], p. 126 
 
 dates [20], p. 179 
 
 defined [4], p. 124 
 
 entry for [3], p. 94 ; [1], p. 123 
 
 when articles expire in vacation [12], p. 107, ISOn 
 
 exemptions [47], p. 103 ; [1], p. 164 
 evidence of [27], p. 181 
 
 fees, 173 
 
 history of, 11, 33, 34 
 
 moral unfitness of candidate [4], p. 124 ; [29], p. 181 
 
 notice by candidates [23], p. 180 
 
 renewed [26], p. 181 
 
282 GENERAL INDEX " 
 
 Final Examination (continued) 
 
 notice by candidates, papers to accompany [23], p. 180 
 
 number [6], p. 124 
 
 place [21], p. 179 
 
 questions, specimens of, 193)1 
 
 service questions as to [24], p. 180 ; 185, 186 
 
 subjects [22], p. 179 
 
 summary of regulations, 197 
 Fire-proof rooms in Society's building, 90-1 
 Foreign Countries, legal profession in, 62 
 France, legal profession in, 62 
 
 Germany, legal profession in, 63 
 General meeting, powers of members in [12], p. 69 
 [See also " Annual General Meeting," " Special General Meetings ' 
 
 Hall of the Society 
 
 hours of opening [4], p. 88 
 
 purposes for which it may be used [69] [71], p. 87 
 Heelis, Stephen, Prize, 190 
 Holland, legal profession in, 63 
 
 Holme, Mr. Bryan, and the foundation of the Society, 2 
 Hong Kong, admission in, 51 
 Honours Examination 
 
 age of candidates immaterial [6], p. 187 
 
 arrangement of names of successful candidates [9], p. 188 
 
 certificates [9], p. 188 
 
 conducted by Examination Committee [3], p. 187 
 
 days for [2], p. 187 
 
 examiners, assistant, appointment of [4], p. 187 
 
 fees, 188)1 
 
 institution of, 36 
 
 lists, 201-269 
 
 marks to be taken into account [6], p. 187 ; [8], p. 188 
 
 notice to be given by candidates [7], p. 188 
 
 number of [2], p. 187 
 
 prizes [11], p. 188; [12], p. 189 
 
 publishing names of successful candidates [10], p. 188 
 
 regulations, 187-9 
 
 specimens of questions, 193)8 
 
 summary of regulations, 199 
 
 voluntary [2], p. 187 
 
 Incorporated Law Society, U.K. 
 address for telegrams, iv. 
 authentication of rules, &c, [20], p. 128 
 charter of, 1845, 65 
 1872, 72 
 commissioners to be registered with [30], p. Ill 
 governing body [8] , p. 68 ; 74 
 
CtENekal index 283 
 
 Incorporated Law Society, U.K. (continued) 
 incorporation [1], p. C6 
 name and style [1], p. 6G 
 objects, 66 
 
 penalty to be sued for, in name of [26], p. 110 
 postal address, iv. 
 
 powers as to examinations, 124, 164 
 to hold land [3], p. 67 
 
 receive donations [5], p. 68 
 sell demise, &c. [4], p. 67 
 sue and be sued fl], p. 66 
 use Common Seal [2], p. 67 
 prizes, 189 
 
 Eegistrar of Solicitors [21], p. 95 
 represented by the Council [11], p. 69 ; [50], p. 84 ; [19]. p. 128 
 
 [17], p. 139 
 Boll of Solicitors kept by [5], p. 137 
 Incorporated Law Society, U.K. (historical) 
 charters, 7, 8 
 
 committee of management, 2, 8 
 Conveyancing Acts, 24 
 Council, first, 9 
 deed of settlement, 4 
 disciplinary work, 15-17 
 examinations, 11, 12, 33, 34, 35, 36 
 foundation, 2 
 haU, 4, 5 
 
 Land Charges Eegistration Act, 24 
 law reform, 22 
 legal education, 11-13, 33 
 legislation affecting solicitors, 14-19 
 library, 6 
 
 members, number of, at various dates, 9, 10 
 Metropolitan and Provincial Law Association, 10 
 original scheme, 2, 8, 6 
 parliamentary work, 24 
 provincial meetings, 10 
 reconstitution, 8 
 Eoyal Commissions, 23 
 Eoyal Courts of Justice, site of, 19-22 
 secretaries, 3, 15 
 shareholders, 8 
 
 Society of Gentlemen Practisers, 1 
 Trustee Act, 24 
 Iiulia, admission in, 51 
 Inferior Courts, admission in [27], p. 97 
 
 Inland Eevenue solicitor, exemptions [47], p. 103 ; [12], p. 121 
 Inns of Court 
 
 attorneys formerly members of, 31 
 examinations instituted by, 13 
 lectures and law classes, 13, 172 
 
284 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Interest on charges and disbursements [27], p.llO ; [17], p. 118 ; [5], ii. 134 
 
 on money improperly retained by solicitor [17], p. 118 
 Intermediate Examination 
 
 certificate [19], p. 179, 182 
 
 dates [12], p. 178 
 
 defined [4], p. 124 
 
 exemptions [12], p. 127 ; [3], p. 15-i ; 102 
 
 fees, 173 
 
 history of, 12, 36 
 
 notice by candidates [17], p. 178 
 
 renewed [26], p. ISl 
 papers to accompany [17], p. 178 
 number [6], p. 124 
 period for passing [15] [16], p. 178 
 place [13], p. 178 
 questions, specimens of, 193ra 
 service, questions as to [17] [18], p. 179 ; 183, 184 
 subjects [14], p. 178 
 summary of regulations, 196-97 
 Irish solicitors 
 
 not qualified as ordinary members of Council [8], !>. 68 
 qualified for membership of Society [1], p. 66 
 
 as extraordinary members of Council, 74 
 Italy, legal profession in, 63 
 
 Jamaica, admission in, 52 
 
 Judges, jurisdiction over solicitors [19], p. 140 
 
 powers of, by whom exercisable [24], p. 135 
 
 Jurat, particulars to be contained in [5], p. 150 
 Justices, solicitors as, 17 
 
 Lake, Mr. E. G. and the Solicitors Act, 1888, 15 
 Land Charges Act, 1888, promoted by Society, 24 
 Land Transfer Act, 1897. 
 
 unqualified persons preparing instruments, 39 
 Laurence Mr. N. T., and the Conveyancing Acts, 24 
 Law List, evidence of solicitors' right to practise [22], p. 109 
 Laio Beform, the Society's work in connection with, 22-25 
 Lectures instituted by the Society, 11, 13 
 Legal Education 
 
 history, 11, 13, 34, 35 
 present scheme, 169-172 
 Library of the Society, books in, 107 
 
 dimensions, 167 
 
 history of, 6 
 
 regulations, 89 
 
 subscription to [3], p, 88 
 
GENERAL INDEX 285 
 
 London, City sdlloitoi', exemptions [47], p. 103 
 London Law Institution, 1 
 London University 
 
 degrees exempting from intermediate [3], p. 1S4 ; 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 126 
 reducing term ol articles [2], p. 105 
 examinations exempting from preliminary [10], p. 12(3 
 
 reducing term of articles [13], p. 127 ; 173 
 
 Mackrell Prize, 189 
 
 McMahon Law Scholarship, Cambridge, 200 
 
 Manitoba, admission in, 52 
 
 Maiigliam, Mr. B., first Secretary to Society, 3 
 
 Mellersh prize, 191 
 
 Members of the Society 
 
 disqualification [6], p. 68 
 
 election [10], p. 69 ; [2] [3] [4], p. 73 
 
 expulsion [12], p. 77 
 
 letters left with porters [0], p. 89 
 
 notices to [10], p. 76 
 
 number, 10 ; 69 
 
 place of business to be entered in roll-book [8], p. 70 
 
 qualification [1], p. 66 ; [6], p. 68 
 
 roll-book [8], p. 76 
 
 resignation [7], p. 76 
 
 subscription [5] [G], p. 76 ; [1], p. 88 
 
 suspension [11], p. 76 
 
 use of conference room [5], p. 89 
 hall [69], p. 87 
 library [9] [14], p. 89 
 private boxes [7], p. 89 
 Metro}iolitan and Provincial Law Association, 10 
 Minutes, council [51], p. 85 ; [35], p. 91 
 
 general meetings [37], p. 81 ; [2], p. 92 
 
 hlegligence of solicitor, agreement excluding [7], p. 115 
 
 New Inn Prize, 189 
 
 New South Wales, admission in, 53 
 
 New Zealand, admission in, 63 
 
 Norway, legal profession in, 04 
 
 Notary, admission stamp, 153 
 
 ambassadors, consuls, &c. acting as [6], p. 156 
 
 certificates [47], p. 151 ; [48], p. 152 
 
 unquaUfied person acting as [43], p. 150 
 
 Notices by members 
 
 auditors, nomination of [GO], p. 8G 
 change of address [8], p. 76 
 Council motions [36] [37], p. 92 
 
286 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Notices by members (continued) 
 
 Council nominations [44], p. 82 
 
 motion at annual general meeting [10], p. 78 
 special general meeting [18], p. 78 
 adopted by another member [32], p. 80 
 
 president, nomination of [55], p. 85 
 
 special general meeting called by members [21], p. 79 
 Notices to members 
 
 adjourned meetings [28], p. 80 
 
 annual general meeting [14], p. 77 
 
 authentication [20], p. 128 
 
 bye-laws, repeal or alteration [30], p. 80 
 
 service [10], p. 76 
 
 special general meeting [18], p. 78 
 
 subscription in arrear [6], p. 76 
 Nova Scotia, admission in, 54 
 
 Oath, meaning of [11], p. 157 
 
 Office of the Society, hours of opening [19], p. 90 
 
 situation of, iv. 
 Officers of the Society, appointment and removal, 87 
 
 names of, vi. 
 Official seals, judicial notice of [6], p. 150 
 Ontario, admission in, 54 
 Oioens College 
 
 examination exempting from preliminary, 173 
 reducing term of articles, 171 
 Oxford University 
 
 degrees exempting from intermediate [3], p. 154; 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 120 
 reducing term of articles [2], p. 105 
 examinations exempting from intermediate [3], p. 154 ; 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 126 
 reducing term of articles [i:J], p. 127 ; 173 
 
 Paine, Sir Thomas, 22 
 Parker, B.ix'R.Vf., 15,22 
 Payments, Council orders for [38], p. 92 
 Penal clauses in various Acts 
 
 counterfeiting signature of commissioner [8], p. 156 
 solicitor abetting unqualified person [32], p. 98 
 
 making false statements on applying for certificate [431, 
 
 p. 150 
 practising without certificate [26], p. 97 ; [12], p. 121 ; 
 [43], p. 150 
 
 while in prison [31], p. 98 
 unqualified person practising in court [32], p. 98 ; [26], p. 110 ; 
 [43], p. 150 
 preparing instruments, 39 ; [44], p. 151 
 
 probate papers [2], p. 132 
 pretending to be a qualified solicitor [12], p. 121 
 
GENEEAL INDEX 287 
 
 PcTpehial Commissicmers 
 
 applications for commissions, 42 
 registration of commissions [30], p. Ill 
 fee [30], p. Ill 
 Petty Bag Office 
 
 abolition, history of, 16 
 
 compensation payable by the Society [18], p. 189 
 roll of soUcitors transferred to the Society [5], p. 137 
 Poll of Members 
 
 method of taking [46], p. 83 
 Post Office solicitor, exemptions [47], p. 103 ; [12], p. 121 
 Preliminary Examinations 
 
 certificate [11], p. 178 ; 182 
 
 production with articles for registration [28], p. 181 
 conducted in the country [10], p. 177 
 dates [6], p. 176 
 defined [4], p. 124 
 
 exemptions, 36 ; [10], p. 126 ; 173, 174 
 evidence of [27], p. 181 
 judges' powers as to special [11], p. 127 
 fees, 173 
 history of, 35 
 notice by candidates [9], p. 177 
 
 renewed [26], p. 181 
 number [6], p. 124 
 places for holding [7], p. 176 
 questions, specimens of, 193)i 
 subjects [8], p. 177 
 summary of regulations, 193 
 President of the Society 
 
 calling special meeting of Council [33], p. 91 
 
 casual vacancy in office [57], p. 85 
 
 election [15], p. 77 ; [54], p. 85 ; [50], p. 85 
 
 entitled to preside as chairman [27], p. 79 
 
 extraordinary member of Council not qualified for, 74 
 
 member of rule committee under Solicitors' Eemuneration Act 
 
 [2], p. 133 
 nomination [55], p. 85 
 qualification [8], p. 68 ; [54], p. 85 
 term of office [54], p. 85 
 Prizes at the Honours Examination, 188-191. 
 Probate Court, solicitors' right to practise in, 17 ; [87], p. 118 
 
 papers, prepared by unqualified person [2], p. 132 
 Proctors, solicitors entitled to practise as [17], p, 128 
 
 titled abolished [87], p. 118 
 Professional matters, examples of, dealt with by the Society, 18 
 Provincial Law Societies, definition of, 133 
 
 meetings, 10 
 Public Departments, exemption of solicitors [12], p. 121 ; [43], p. 151 
 
288 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Qualified practitioner, defined [12], p. 121 ; [3], p. 132 
 Queen Anne's Bounty, solicitor to, exemptions [12], p. 121 
 Queensland, admission in, 55 
 Qiieen's University, Ireland 
 
 degrees exempting from preliminary [10], p. 126 
 
 reducing term of articles [2], p. 105 
 examinations exempting from preliminary [10], p. 126 
 Quorum of (Jouncil [11], p. 69 
 
 for suspension of member of Coiiucil [48], p. 84 
 Society [11], p. 76 
 discipline committee [12], p. 138 
 general meeting [26], p. 79 
 scrutineers [45], p. 83 
 
 tieadmission 
 
 procedure on application for, 144-5 
 Eeardon Prize, 12, 189, 229 
 Registrar of Solicitors 
 
 account of fees [20], p. 108 
 
 appearance of, by counsel [10], p. 120 
 
 certificates to be issued by [21], p. 95 ; [22] [23], p. 96 
 
 duties to be performed by the Society [21], p. 95 
 
 fees of [20], p. 108 
 
 historical, 14, 34 
 
 order for payment of costs of [10], p. 120 
 
 power to draw up in default of applicant [11], p. 121 
 entry on roll of order against solicitor r24\ p. 110; 
 [11], p. 143 
 title of [14], p. 121 
 Recjistrar' s certificate 
 
 authentication of [20], p. 128 
 
 Commissioners to furnish particulars [21], p. 108 
 
 date [22], p. 109 
 
 declaration on applying for [16], p. 128 ; 130 
 
 making false [43], p. 150 
 evidence of holding [22], p. 109 
 fees [20], p. 108 
 form of [16], p. 128 ; 129 
 neglect for 12 months to renew [16], p. 139 
 one only required in the year [45], p. 151 
 practising without [20], p. 97 ; [43], p. 150 
 procedure on application for [22] [23], p. 90 ; [20] p. 108 ; 130 
 refusal of [24], p. 96 
 refusal of renewal of, 145 
 production when stamped after January 1 [211, p. 108 
 register open to inspection [23], p. 96 
 stamp duty on [18], p. 107 
 
 determining [19], p. 108 
 rates of, 153 
 stamping, last day for [22], p. 109 
 summary of information, 37 
 
GENEEAL INDEX 28i) 
 
 Registry of properties, Ac, 270-71 
 Boll-book of members [8], p. 76 
 Roll of solicitors 
 
 certified extract from [22], p. 109 
 custody, 136 ; [5], p. 137 
 historical, 15, 16 
 inspection [6],^ p. 137 
 striking off 
 
 appearance by Registrar [10], p. 120 
 
 committee under Solicitors Act, 1888 [12] [13], p. 138 
 
 costs of Registrar [10], p. 120 
 
 drawing up order by Registrar [11], p. 121 
 
 entry of order [24], p. 110 ; [11], p. 143 
 
 forms of application, &c., 145-49 
 
 rules for procedure before committee [15], p. 139 ; 
 
 141-43 
 procedure on application for [7] r8] [9], p. 120 ; 
 [12] [13], p. 138 ; 141-43 
 Royal Courts of Justice, site of 
 
 efforts of the Society in connection with, 19-22 
 Royal Commissions, representation of the Society on, 23 
 Ribles and regulations 
 
 draft rules under Solicitors' Remuneration Act to be com- 
 municated to the Council [3], p. 133 
 examinations, 175-189 
 powers of making as regards 
 
 attorneys, adopting enactments relating to [14], p. 121 
 
 discipline committee, procedure before [15], p. 139 
 
 examinations [6], p. 124 
 
 intermediate, exemptions [3], p. 154 
 
 preliminary, exemptions [10], p. 128 
 
 Registrar of Solicitors, duties of [21], p. 95 
 
 reducing term of service under articles [5], p. 106 ; [13], 
 
 p. 127 
 remuneration of solicitors in non-contentious business 
 [2], p. 133 
 repeal of, dated November 2, 1875 [14], p. 127 
 Solicitors Act, 1877, 173-74, 192 
 Solicitors Act, 1888, 141-49 
 Solicitors Act, 1894, 192 
 
 8t. David's College 
 
 examination exempting from preliminary, 174 
 reducing term of articles, 174 
 Scotch solicitors, admission in England [15], p. 107 
 Scotch Universities 
 
 degrees exempting from preliminary [10], p. 126 
 reducing term of articles [2], p. 105 
 Scott Scholarship, 189 
 
•290 GENEBAL INDEX 
 
 Scrutiiieers, appointment [45], p. 83 
 duties, 84 
 quorum [45], p. 83 
 report, 84 
 Seal of the Society [2], p. 67 
 
 affixing [53], p. 85 
 
 custody [53], p. 85 ; [39], p. 92 
 
 instruments to which seal affixed [53], p. 85 
 
 Secretary of the Society 
 
 appointment [66], p. 87 
 countersignature of drafts [38], p. 92 
 first, 3 
 
 keys of seal [39], p. 92 
 meaning of term [1], p. 75 
 present, vi. 
 
 signature of rules, notices, &c. [20], p. 128 
 Security for future costs [16], p. 118; [5], p. 134 
 Skill, labour and responsibility 
 
 remuneration having regard to, [18], p. 118 ; [4], p. 134 
 Society of Gentlemen Practisers, 1 
 Solicitor abetting unqualified person [32], p. 98 
 admission, conditions of [3], p. 94 
 defects in [29], p. 98 
 in inferior courts [27], p. 97 
 articled clerks, regulations as to taking [4], p. 94 
 historical, 28 
 
 in prison, prosecuting suits [31], p. 98 
 jurisdiction over [19], p. 140 
 officers of the Supreme Court [87], p. 118 
 qualified for membership of Society [1], p. 66 
 meaning of [12], p. 121 ; [8], p. 182 
 unqualified persons acting as [2], p. 93; [32], p. 98; [12], p. 121 
 South Africa, Cape Colony, admission in, 56 
 South Australia, admission in, 56 
 Special General Meeting 
 
 adjournment [26], p. 79 ; [28], p. 80 
 amendments to motions [vi.] [vii.], P- 81 
 business [23], p. 79 
 calling by Council [18], p. 78 
 
 requisitionists [21], p. 79 
 chairman [14], p. 70 ; [27], p. 79 
 casting vote [29], p. 80 
 decision of [36], p. 81 
 debate, rules of [33], p. 80 
 decision of questions [29], p. 80 
 explanations [v.] p. 81 
 irregularities [38], p. 82 
 minutes [37], p. 81 
 motions [18], p. 78; [30] [32], p. 80 
 notice of [18], p. 78 ; [22], p. 79 
 place [25], p. 79 
 
GENEEAL INDEX 291 
 
 Special General Meeting (continued) 
 previous question [33], p. 80 
 quorum [26], p. 79 
 redisoussion [35], p. 81 
 requisition of members for [19] [20], p. 79 
 resolutions, when binding [34], p. 81 
 speeches, duration of [33], p. 80; [iv.], p. 81 
 voting [29], p. 80 
 
 {See also ' General Meeting ') 
 
 tatuies, text of 
 
 Colonial Attorneys' Belief Act, 162 
 
 Amendment Act, 1874, 164 
 1884, 165 
 Commissioners for Oaths Act, 1889, 155 
 1891, 160 
 Judicature Act, 1873, s. 87, 118 
 1875, s. 14, 121 
 1881, s. 24, 135 
 Legal Practitioners Act, 1875, 122 
 1877, 131 
 Solicitors Act, 1843, 93 
 1860, 104 
 1870, 114 
 1874, 119 
 1877, 123 
 1888, 136 
 1894, 153 
 Solicitors' Eemuneration Act, 132 
 Stamp Act, 1891, ss. 26, 27, 43-48, 150 
 Victoria University Act, 136 
 
 Straits Settlements, admission in, 57 
 
 Strangers seeing members at the Society's Hall [5], p. 89 
 
 Subscription of members [1] [2], p. 88 
 
 members' clerks to library [3], p. 88 
 
 Summary of information as to 
 
 admission, 199 
 
 articles of clerkship, 195 
 
 annual certificate, 37 
 
 final examination, 197 
 
 honours examination, 199 
 
 intermediate examination, 196 
 
 preliminary examination, 193 
 
 prizes, 200 
 
 unqualified persons, 38 
 Supplemental articles [9], p. 138 
 
 stamp on, 152 
 
 Surrogate preparing probate papers [2], p. 132 
 Swear, meaning of [11], p. 157 
 Sweden, legal profession in, 64 
 
292 GENERAL INDEX 
 
 Tasmania, admission in, 57 
 
 Ten years' clerks [4], p. 105 
 
 Timpron Martin Prize, 190 
 
 Travers- Smith Scholarships, 189 
 
 Treasury solicitor, exemptions [47], p. 103 ; [12], p. 121 
 
 Trinidad, admission in, 57 
 
 Trustee Act, 1888, promoted by the Society, 24 
 
 Tutors for the Society's law classes, 171 
 
 United States of America, legal profession in, 62 
 Unqualified persons, old law as to, 31 
 
 practising as a notary public [43], p. 150 
 
 solicitor in Court [2], p. 93 ; [32], p. 98 ; [26], 
 p. 110 ; [43], p. 150 
 preparing instruments relating to real or personal estate [44], p. 1 
 under Land Transfer Act, 1897, 39 
 probate papers [2], p. 132 
 pretending to be a qualified solicitor [12], p. 121 
 summary of information as to, 38 
 taking instructions for probate papers [2], p. 132 
 
 Vice-President of the Society 
 
 calling special meeting of Council [33], p. 91 
 casual vacancy in office [57], p. 85 
 election [15], p. 77 ; [54], p. 85 ; [56], p. 85 
 extraordinary member of Council not qualified for 74 
 nomination [55], p. 85 
 qualification [8], p. 68 ; [54], p. 85 
 term of office [54], p. 85 
 
 Victoria, admission in, 57 
 Victoria University 
 
 degrees exempting from intermediate [3], p 154 ; 192 
 preliminary [10], p. 126 ; 136 
 reducing term of articles [2], p. 105 ; 136 
 examinations exempting from preliminary, 174 
 
 reducing term of articles, 174 
 Voting papers, regulations as to [46], p. 83 
 
 West Australia, admission in, 58 
 
 Williamson, Mr. E. W., and the Solicitors Act, 1888, 15 
 
 Writers to the Signet 
 
 admission in England [15], p. 107 
 
 not qualified as ordinary member of the Council [8], p. 68 
 
 qualified for membership of the Society [1], p. 66 
 
 as extraordinary members of the Council, 74 
 
 Sfollisicoode i- Co. Piiiiters, ycic-slreel (•guure, Loudon. 
 
Incorporated Law Society's Handbook— 1898. 293 
 
 EQUITY & LAW 
 
 Life Assurance Society, 
 
 18 lilNCOI^N'S INN FIEIiDS, I<ONDON, 'Hf.C. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1844. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Chairman — JOHN 
 Deputy Chairman— CECIL 
 R. J. P. Beoughton, Esq. 
 Edmusd Ohurch, Bs<i. 
 Thomas Pix Cobb, Esq. 
 John Oboft Devsrbll, Esq. 
 Chas. Bakbb DrMOND, Esq. 
 Sir HowAED W. Elphinstone, Bart. 
 Et. Hon. Albxandeb Stavelet Hill, 
 
 D.C.L., Q.O., M.P. 
 James Okofts Ingram, Esq. 
 Abcbibau) Herbert James, Esq. 
 Charles E. V. Longbourne, Esq. 
 
 M. CLABON, Esq. 
 HENET R-USSELL, Esq. 
 
 Rfc. Hon. Lord Macnaghten. 
 
 William Maples, Esq. 
 
 Edward Mobbrlt, Esq. 
 
 Frederick Pbake, Esq. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Justice Phillimore. 
 
 George Thompson Powell, Esq. 
 
 Thie Hon. Mr. Justice Eomer. 
 
 George Hooper, Baq. 
 
 Eiohabd Smith, Esq. 
 
 H. P. Bowling-Trevanion, Esq. 
 
 Sir Arthur Townlet Watson, Bart.,Q.C 
 
 FUNDS EXCEED £3,000,000. 
 
 Gross Premium Income, 1896, £307,257. 
 
 Some Claims paid by the Society in the year 1897, in which the sums 
 assured were iruyre thorn doubled by Bonus : — 
 
 Date of 
 Policy 
 
 Original 
 
 Sum 
 Assured 
 
 Amount of 
 
 PoUoy 
 at Death 
 
 Date of 
 Policy 
 
 Original 
 
 Sum 
 Assured 
 
 Amount of 
 
 Policy 
 
 at Death 
 
 1850 
 1850 
 1861 
 1863 
 1863 
 
 £ 
 10,000 
 
 250 
 1,000 
 5,000 
 1,400 
 
 £ s. 
 
 26,117 9 
 
 580 2 
 
 2,296 8 
 
 10,651 U 
 
 3,116 
 
 1864 
 1868 
 1868 
 1870 
 1871 
 
 £ 
 
 500 
 
 600 
 1,000 
 1,000 
 
 500 
 
 £ s. 
 1,030 2 
 1,204 15 
 2,077 16 
 2,054 
 1,040 16 
 
 Full information will be given on application to 
 
 A. F. BURRIDGE, Actuary and 
 
294 INCOEPOBATED LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK — 1898. 
 
 INDEX TO ADVEETISBMENT8. 
 
 ASSURANCES. FJ^ae 
 
 Alliance Assurance Company . • 295 
 
 Britisli Law Fire Insurance Company, Ltd. . ■ . 296 
 
 Equitable Eeversionary Interest Society 305 
 
 Equity and Law Life Assurance Society . 293 
 
 Imperial Live Stock Insurance Association, Ltd. 297 
 
 Lancashire Insurance Company 297 
 
 Law Accident and Contingency Insurance Society, Ltd. 29S 
 
 Law Fire Insurance Society . 300 
 
 Law Guarantee and Trust Society . Back of cover 
 
 Law Life Assurance Society . 299 
 
 Legal and General Life Assurance Society 301 
 
 North British and Mercantile Insurance Company [v] 
 
 Royal Exchange Assurance . [it] 
 
 Union Assurance Society 308 
 
 University Life Assurance Society . 302 
 
 BANK. 
 
 Bank of Australasia . 305 
 
 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Hospital for Women (Soho) 306 
 
 Infant Orphan Asylum . 308 
 
 Irish Distressed Ladies' Fund . 306 
 
 North-Eastern Hospital for Children, Hackney Road 306 
 
 Solicitors' Benevolent Association . 307 
 
 LAW PUBLISHERS AND STATIONERS. 
 
 Partridge & Cooper . [iii] 
 
 Shaw & Sons . . 2nd page of cover 
 
 Solicitors' Law Stationery Society, Ltd. . . [yi] 
 
 Stevens & Sons, Ltd. . . [vii] & [viii] 
 
 Waterlow & Sons, Ltd. 3rd page of cover 
 
 PARTNERSHIP AGENT, LAW COSTS DRAUGHTS 
 MAN, ACCOUNTANT, AND MORTGAGE BROKER. 
 
 J. Harcourt Smith 808 
 
 REGISTRATION AGENT FOR COMPANIES. 
 
 Charles Doubble . 804 
 
 TYPEWRITERS AND TYPEW^RITING OFFICES. 
 
 Remington Typewriters [i] 
 
 Solicitors' Typewriting Company S02 
 
 Taylor (Typewriters and Cycles) [ii] 
 
 OTHER ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 H. Poulks Lynch & Co., Law Tutors 304 
 
 C. Mitchell & Co., Advertisement Agents 302 
 
 Norman & Son, Auctioneers . 305 
 
 Spottiswoode & Co., Printers [iyj 
 
 Strong Rooms Hyi 
 
Inooepobated Law Society's Handbook— 1898. 295 
 
 ALLIANCE ASSURANCE COMPANY 
 
 XlSTABI^ISBEH llf 1SS4. 
 
 CAPIXAIL. 
 
 £5,000,000. 
 
 BilXCtOM. 
 The Eight Hon. LOKD ROTHSCHILD, Chairman. 
 
 jAitES AXEXANDETi, Esq. 
 
 Charles Edwakd Barnkti, Esq. 
 Sight Hon. Lokd Baiteesea. 
 
 Hon. KENELiI P. BOTJVERIE. 
 
 T. H. BuKKOUGHES, Esq. 
 Fkakcis William Bdxton, Esq. 
 Maj.-Gen. Sir Aethuk Ellis, K.C.V.O. 
 jAaiKS Fletcilek, Esq. 
 
 Richard Hoake, Esq. 
 Sir Geohgb 0. Lampson, Bart. 
 Fkancis Alhied Lucas, Esq. 
 E. H. LnsHiNGTON, Esq. 
 Hon. H. Berkeley Portjian. 
 HuGU Colin Sjiith, Esq. 
 Bight Hon. LoiiD Stalbridge. 
 Lieut.-Ool. P. A. Stebbing. 
 
 Sir CHAKUiS RiVEKS Wilson, G.C.M.G., O.B. 
 lljeaS ©fficc. 
 BARTHOLOMEW LANE, LONDON, 
 
 ffivancb ©fflces. 
 
 E.G. 
 
 LONDO^' : 1 St. James's Street, S.W. 
 
 3 Norfolk Street, Strand, W.C. 
 64 Chancery Lane, W.C. 
 3 Mincing Lane, E.C. 
 1 Great George Street, West- 
 minster, S.W. 
 24 Wigmore Street, W. 
 BIRMINGHAM : 61 New Street. 
 BRISTOL : Corn Street. 
 BTJBT ST. ED MtTNDS : Abbeygate Street. 
 IPSWICH : Queen Street. 
 LEICESTER : Alliance Chambers, Horse- 
 fair Street. 
 
 LIVERPOOL : 30 Exchange Street East. 
 MANCHESTER : King Street. 
 NEWOASTLE-ON-TYNE ; 31 Grainger 
 
 Street West. 
 NOTTINGHAM : Willoughby House, Low 
 
 Pavement. 
 SHEFFIELD : Alliance Chambers, George 
 
 Street. 
 SHRBWSBTXBT : The Square. 
 WREXHAM : High Street. 
 EDINBURGH : 95 George Street. 
 GLASGOW : 151 West George Street. 
 DUBLIN ; 23 Nassau Street. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT 
 
 Fire Insurances granted at current rates. 
 
 LIFE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Rates of Premium have recently been revised, and arc very moderate in respect of 
 
 all classes of Assarances. 
 Large Bonuses, including Interim Bonuses. 
 The Expenditure (including Commission) to be charged to the Life Department has 
 
 been limited to 10 per cent, of the Life Premium Income. 
 Claims Paid Immediately after Proof of Death, Age, and Title. 
 The Alliance PoUcies are especially valuable, for they are whole-world and indisputable, 
 
 and they carry important Guaranteed Privileges. 
 
 DEATH DUTIES. 
 
 DEATH DUTIES.— In order to enable the Owners of Property to make provision for 
 payment of the ESTATE DUTY, Special Forms of Policies have been prepared, 
 under which the Policy-moneys (or such portion thereof as may be requbed for the 
 purpose) will be paid direct to the Inland Revenue Commissioners, without waiting 
 for production of Probate. FuU particulars wUl be forwarded on application. 
 
 LEASEHOLD AND INVESTMENT INSURANCES. 
 
 Policies securing the return of Capital Sums on the expiration of Fixed Terms of years 
 are granted. _^ 
 
 Prospectuses containing full pM'ticulars may he obtained on application to any of the 
 Company's Offices or Agmls. 
 
 '^ ROBERT LEWIS, Chief Secretary. 
 
 y 
 
296 Incobpobatbd IjAW hocibtyb asNDBOOK^iaas. 
 
 BRITISH LAW FIRE INSURANCE CO, 
 
 LIMITED. 
 Head Office-^ LOTHBURY, BANK, LONDON, E.G. 
 
 SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL, ONE MILLION. 
 PAID-UP CAPITAL AND RESERVE, £123,000. 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 The Rt. Hon, Lord Davey. I The Attohxey-Geneeal (Sir Bichakd 
 
 The Hou. Mr. Justice BoMEE. | E. Wbbsteb, G.O.M.G., Q.C., M.P.) 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Henry Turton Noeton, Esq. (Messrs. Norton, Bose, Norton & Co.), Victoria Street, 
 
 Westminster, S.W., and Old Broad Street, E.O., Chairman. 
 William Maples, Esq. (Messrs. Maples, Teesdale & Co.), Frederick's Place, E.G., Vice. 
 
 Chairman. 
 R. J. BowERMA^^ Esq. (Messrs. Bowerman & Forward), Gray's Inn Square, W.C. 
 John G. Beistow, Esq. (Messrs. Wilson, Bristows & Carpmael), Goptfaall Buildings, B.C. 
 HoLROYD Chaplin, Esq. (Messrs. Valpy, Chaplin & Beckham), Lincoln's Inn Fields, 
 BoBEKT CuNLiFFE, Esq. (Messrs. Conliffes & Davenport), Chancery Lane, W.C. 
 HOHEET W. DiBDix, Esq. (Messrs. Bridges, Sawtell & Co.), 23 Bed Lion Square, W.O. 
 E. L. PuLPORD, Esq. (Messra. Walker, Martineau & Co.), Theobald's Eoad, W.C. 
 Edward G. Gibson, Esq. (Messrs. Stibbard, Gibson & Co.), Leadenfaall Street, B.C. 
 Wm. Hitchins, Esq. (Messrs. Caprons, Dalton, Hitchins & Brabant), Savile Place, 
 
 Conduit Street, W. 
 James Hooker, Esq. (Messrs. Wyatt, Hooker & Co.), Parliament Street, S.W. 
 A. H. James, Esq. (Messrs. Williams & James), Norfolk House, 'Thames Embankment. 
 0. G. Kekewich, Esq. (Messrs. Bensbaw, Kekewich & Smith), 2 Sufiolk Lane, B,C. 
 M. F. MONiBR-WiLLiAMS, Esq. (Messrs. Bedford, Monier-Williams & Bobinson), Great 
 
 Tower Street, E.C. 
 Herbert W. Nelson, Esq. (Messrs. Lowless, Nelson & Co.), Martin's Lane, Cannon 
 
 Street, B.C. 
 A. G. Parson, Esq. (Messrs. Wordsworth, Blake & Co.), Southsea House, E.G. 
 Mabsball Pontifex, Esq. (Messrs. Pontifex, Hewitt & Pitt), St. Andrew Street, 
 
 Holborn Circus, E.G. 
 Haeky Woodward, Esq. (Messrs. Eaveuscroft, Woodward & Hills), John Street, 
 
 Bedford Eow, W.C. 
 
 Solicitors —Messrs. Baker, Blaker, & Hawes, Cannon Street, London, B.C. 
 S3anft6(B— Messrs. Robarts, Lubbock & Co. 
 flDaiiaget S. Secrctats— H. Foster Cctler. 
 
 BRANCH ESTABLISHMENTS. 
 
 BIBMINGHAM— 104 Oolmore Eow. District Secretary— E. J. Bradley. 
 
 BEISTOL — 11 Glare Street. District Secretary — Edward Addenbrooke. 
 
 BDINBTJBGH— 17 Frederick Street. District Secretary— R. W. Hawks. 
 
 LEEDS— East Parade. District Secretary — David M. Linley. 
 
 LONDON (West End)— 16 Cockspur Street, S.W. Disliict Secretary— 'P. H. W. LeqgatT. 
 
 LIVEEPOOL— 3 The Temple, Dale Street. District SecreZaries— Starkey & MuiE. 
 
 OHBSTEE (Sub-Branch)— 16 Corn Exchange Chambers. 
 
 MANCHESTEB— 41 Cross Street. District Secretary— E. C. Hansford. 
 
 GLASGOW— 176 West George Street. Resident ifOHasrers— Messrs. DiOK, Stevenson , 
 
 & MuiR, Solicitors. District Secretary — John B. Watson. 
 NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE— Post OfBce Chambers. District S'.cretary—Q, H. Weab. 
 
 OfBoes also at DUBLIN, BELFAST, and COEK. 
 This Company, established by Members of the Legal Profession throughout the 
 country, entertains Proposals for Insurance against damage by Fire and Lightning on 
 eligible risks within the United Kingdom, including Mercantile Insurances. 
 
 APPLICATIONS FOR AGENCIES INVITED. 
 
INCOKPOBATBD LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK— 1898. 297 
 
 Fnsure vour horses 
 
 WITH THE 
 
 I M DC DIM l-IVE STOCK INSURANCE 
 llTlrClllHL ASSOCIATION, LIMITED. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1878. 
 Tke oldest Company in t?ie Kingdom confining its business to the insurance of Live Steck. 
 
 Head Offices : 17 PA LL MALL EAST, LONDON, S.W. 
 
 CARRIAGE, SADDLE, FARM, and TRADE HORSES, HUNTERS, 
 
 STALLIONS, IN-FOAL MARES and CATTLE, INSURED against 
 
 DEATH from ACCIDENT or DISEASE. 
 
 Claims Paid exceetl £100,000. 
 
 ROYAL PATRONAGE. 
 
 This Office numbers among its insurers Her Majeety the Queen, H.R H. the Prince of 
 Wales, H.B.H. the Duchess of Albany, also the Duke ol Fife, the Duke of Portland, the 
 Duke of Westminster, Lord Belper, &c. 
 
 INCREASED BENEFITS WITHOUT EXTRA COST. 
 
 Prospectuses, Proposal Forms^ and all iit/ormation post free. 
 AGENTS WANTED. B. S. ESSEX, Manager. 
 
 The LANCASHIRE 
 
 INSURANCE COMPANY. 
 
 Paid-up Oapital and Funds, ^1,574,394. 
 .^dded to Fire Reserves in 1S96, je30,000. 
 
 LIFE DEPARTMENT. 
 INDISPUTABLE, WORLD-WIDE POLICIES, NO RESTRICTIONS. 
 
 These Policies are specially useful to Bankers, Solicitors, and others, 
 
 as collateral security. 
 
 Moderate Rates, Interim Bonuses, 
 
 Payment of Claims on Proof of Death and Title, 
 
 Two Independent Valuations of Life Liahilities, 
 
 Quotations of Life Rates to meet Special Contingencies, 
 
 Immediate Provision for Payment of Death Duties, 
 
 New and specially Reduced Rates for Short Term Assurances. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Insurances granted at Home and Abroad at Equitable Rates. 
 
 Head Office: THE "LANCASHIRE INSURANCE BUILDINGS, 
 
 EXCBA2f&E STJCEMT, jUAWCBJESTEM. 
 
 DIGBY JOHNSON, General Manager. 
 CHARLES POVAH, Sub-Manager. 
 Y 2 
 
298 Inooepokatkd^ijaw raouiisxi b hah ubuujs. — loao. 
 
 LAW ACCIDENT & CONTINGENCY 
 
 INSURANCE SOCIETY, LTD. 
 
 Head Office : 215 STRAND, LONDON. 
 
 (OPPOSITE TBE lAW COUMTS.) 
 
 SUBSCRIBED CAPITAL •_^- HALF A MILLION. 
 
 Zvustces. 
 
 The Biglit Hon. LOBD HERSOHELL, G.O.B. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. JUSTIOE WEIGHT. 
 
 Sir niCHAED B. WBBSTEE, G.O.M.e., Q.O., M.P. 
 
 Tlie Hon. EOBBET ST. JOHN F. BUTLER 
 (Master of the Supreme Oourt of Judicature). 
 
 MxectotB. 
 
 EIOHAED PENNINGTON, Esq., Deputy-Chairman, Legal and General Life 
 
 Assurance Society. Chairman. 
 J. B. BEALB, Esq., Director, Law Life Assurance Society. 
 SAM BIBOHA.M, Esq., Director, Law Life Assurance Society. 
 E. H. ELLIS-DANTERS, Esq., Director, Legal and General Life Assurance 
 
 Society. 
 OHAELES HAEEISON, Esq., M.P., Director, Legal and General Life Assurance 
 
 Society. 
 W. MELMOTH WALTEES, Esq., Solicitor, Law Lite Assurance Society. 
 
 /Iftanager an& Secretats 
 
 EDWAED T. CLIFFOED. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS s - 
 
 PERSONAL ACCIDENT 
 
 INCLUDING PENSION FOR PERMANENT TOTAL DISABLEMENT. 
 
 AHD ASSDRANCE AGAINST 
 
 TYPHOID, TYPHUS, SCARLET FEVER, MEASLES, AND 
 
 SMALL POX. 
 
 EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY (ACT 1880). 
 
 WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION (ACT 18ft7). 
 
 OUTSIDE ORPUBLICLIABILITY(THIRD PARTY RISKS). 
 
 INDEMNITIB6 FOR ACCIDKNTS CAtJSKD BY 
 
 HORSES, VEHICLES, MOTOR OARS, EMPLOYEES, LIFTS, HOISTS, 
 ORANES, H0ARDIN6S, PLANT; ALSO DISPENSERS' RISKS, AND SHOP 
 
 ...RISKS GENERALLY, &C. 
 BURGLARY, HOUSEBREAKING, LARCENY OR THEFT, 
 
 REGISTERED POST AND OTHER TRANSIT RISKS. 
 
Incorporated Law Society's Handbook— 1898. 29f) 
 
 LAW LIFE ASSURANCE 
 SOCIETY 
 
 OFm : 187 FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.G. 
 
 Assets on 31st December, 1896 £4,855,501 
 
 Income for the year 1896 £462,752 
 
 Amount Paid in Claims to 31st December, 1896 £18,412,630 
 
 Participating Policies hereafter effected share in 90 
 per cent, of the total divisible surplus, instead 
 of in 80 per cent, only as has hitherto been 
 the case. 
 
 The most important point for consideration in the selection of a 
 Life Office is the security which it offers, and the position of the 
 Society in this respect is almost unique. After making provision for 
 the distribution of profits as at 31st December, 1894, there was 
 practically a sum of i;4,859,718 (including the Guarantee Fund of 
 £1,000,000) available to meet the estimated liabilities under Assur- 
 ance and Annuity contracts amounting to £3,859,718, which is at 
 the rate of about £126 in hand for every £100 of estimated liability. 
 
 In addition to this, as stiU further security, there is the liability 
 of the Proprietors to the extent of £900,000. 
 
 Exemption from Papent of Premiums during Incapacity arising 
 from Accident or Bodily or Mental Disorder. 
 
 In order to meet the requirements of professional men and others 
 whose Incomes depend upon their ability to pursue their occupations, 
 the Society has Introduced a Scheme of Life Assurance carrying the 
 above privilege In addition to those incorporated in the Society's 
 ordinary Policy Form. The Scheme has recently been extended up to 
 age 65 to Whole-Life Policies at uniform premiums. 
 
 For Prospectus and any further information apply to the Manager, 
 Law Life Assurance Society, 187 Fleet Street, London, E,C, 
 
300 
 
 INCOEPOBATED LAW SOCIBTY'i? HANDBOOK— 1898. 
 
 LAW FIRE INSDRANCE SOCETY, 
 
 No. 114 CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. 
 
 Trustees : 
 
 The Right Hon. LORD HOBHOUSE, K.O.S.I. 
 
 The Right Hon. LORD STRATHEDEN AND CAMPBELL. 
 
 The Right Hon. VISCOUNT KNTTTSFORD, G-.C.M.G. 
 
 The Right Hon. BARON LUDLOW. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. JUSTICE KEKEWICH. 
 
 Sir WILLIAM JAMES FARRER. 
 
 Sir RICHARD NICHOLSON. 
 
 Directors : 
 Sir RICHARD NICHOLSON, Princess Street, Westminster, Chairman. 
 
 John Moxox Olabon, Esq., Great George 
 
 Street. 
 Sir William James Farrer, Lincoln's 
 
 Inn Fields. 
 GEOiifiE Edgar Frere, Esq., Lincoln's 
 
 Inn Fields. 
 William Dawes Freshpield, Esq., New 
 
 Bank Buildings. 
 Charles Whitbread Graham, Esq., New 
 
 Square, Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 WlLLU-M Aj^EXAJfDER TOOKB HaLLOWES, 
 
 Esq., Bedford Row. 
 Joseph Augustus Hellard, Esq., Manor 
 
 OflBces, Stonehouse, Devon. 
 The Rt. Hon. Lord Hobhouse, K.O.S.I., 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 John Qwtnne James, Esq., Hereford. 
 Charles Plumptee Johnson, Esq., New 
 
 Square, Lincoln's Inn. 
 Harry Wilmot Lee, Esq., The Sanctuary, 
 
 Westminster. 
 OcTAVTUS Leefe, Esq., Quality Court, 
 
 Cliancery Lane. 
 Richard Mills, Esq., Queen's Gate Ter- 
 race. 
 Frederick Morgan, Esq., Somerset 
 
 Street. 
 
 Frederic Parker Morrell, Esq., Oxford. 
 
 WiLUAM NoCTON, Esq., Great Marl- 
 borough Street. 
 
 Frederick Peaks, Esq., Bedford Row. 
 
 Richard Pennington, Esq., Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields. 
 
 George Rooper, Esq., Lincoln's Inn Fields. 
 
 Edward Lee Rowcliffe, Esq., Bedford 
 Row. 
 
 George Ernest Steward, Esq., Lincoln's 
 Inn Fields. 
 
 The Rt. Hon. Lord Stratheden and 
 Campbell. 
 
 J. Perceval Tathasi, Esq., Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields. 
 
 Richard Walter Tweedie, Esq., Lin- 
 coln's Inn Fields. 
 
 William Melsioth Walters, Esq., New 
 Sqnare, Lincoln's Inn. 
 
 Sir Henry Arthur White, Great Marl- 
 borough Street. 
 
 Edward Hugh Whitehead, Esq., Spring 
 Gardens. 
 
 RoMER Williajis, Esq., Norfolk House, 
 Thames Embankment. 
 
 William Williams, Esq., Lincoln's Inn 
 Fields. 
 
 Artditors : 
 
 James Frederick Burton, Esq., Surrey Street. 
 John Henry Hortin, Esq., Edgware Road. 
 William Tanner Neve, Esq., Cranbrook. 
 Charles Robert Roberts West, Esq., New Inn. 
 
 Architect and Surveyor ; Edward Street, Esq., Zing's Bench Walk. 
 
 Solicitor: Charles Harrison, Esq., Bedford Row. 
 
 SanTcers! Messrs. Cotjtts &. Co. 
 
 William John Yine, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 George William Bell, Secretary. 
 
 THE CAPITAL, amounting to FIVE MILLIONS, was fully subscribed before the 
 Society commenced business in 1845, and the shares are now held by a body of Share- 
 holders comprising some of the liighest and most influential members of the Legal 
 profession. The success which has attended the operations of the Society is founded on 
 its strong financial position, the eligible character of the risks constituting the bulk of 
 its business, and the promptitude and liberality with which its engagements are met. 
 
 Persons inaured hy this Society arp not liable to le called upon to contribute towards 
 losses as in case of Mutual Offices. 
 
INCOBPOKATED LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK— 1898. 
 
 301 
 
 The Perfected System of Life Assurance. 
 
 LEGAL AND 
 GENERAL 
 
 LIFE A SSURANCE SO CIETY. 
 
 SIXTIETH ANNUAL REPORT, 1896. 
 NEW BUSINESS again exceeded - ONE MILLION. 
 
 NEW PKEMIITMS nearly - - . £50,000 
 
 ASSETS exceeded - . . . £3,000,000 
 
 THE INCOME increased to - £373,000 
 
 Very moderate Expense Batio further reduced. 
 Average Bate of Interest earned, £4. 3s. 9d. per cent. 
 Valuation Bate of Interest EEDUCED to £2. 10s. per cent. 
 
 BQsiness in Fo rce now exceeds J610,000 ,000 Sterling. 
 
 BONUS RETURNS, 1892-1896. 
 SURPLUS SHOWN .... £302,04-7. 
 
 Notwithstanding the large Interim Bonuses paid during the Quinquennium. 
 THE RATE OF BONUS DECLARED WAS COMPOUND, VIZ. 
 
 £1.18s.per cent, per Annum on the Sums Assured&prevlous Bonuses. 
 
 On the basis of this rate of Profit a Whole-Life or Endowment Assurance Policy for 
 
 £1,000 would, irrespective of age at entry, be increased by Bonus, according 
 
 to its duration, as shown in the following Table :— 
 
 DtJEATION 
 
 5 
 
 10 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 35 
 
 40 
 
 Amount of Policy 
 
 £ 
 1,095 
 
 £ & 
 
 1,199 1,313 
 
 £ 
 
 1,438 
 
 £ 
 1,574 
 
 £ 
 
 1,724 
 
 £ 
 
 1,888 
 
 £ 
 
 2,067 
 
 THE RESERVES were computed on a more stringent basis even than nsual, the 
 rate of Interest to be earned in the future being assumed to be 2^ per cent, only ; while 
 the EXTRA reserves for safeguards and adjustments have been adopted as hitherto. 
 
 Progress of ths Societym 
 
 Bosns Pehiod 
 
 No. op Policies 
 
 New Smta Assubed 
 
 1882-1886 
 1887-1891 
 1892-1896 
 
 758 
 2,516 
 3,034: 
 
 £.1,637,886 
 3,827,957 
 5,485,146 
 
 INCREASES DUKIKG 1892-1896. 
 Benewals Premiums from £186,450 to £266,022 
 Assets „ 2,588,217 „ 3,241,883 
 
 Sums Assured- „ 8,159,022 „ 10,933,811 
 
 Foil information on application to 
 
 THE MANAGER, 10 FLEET STREET, LONDON. 
 
302 INCOEPOEATBD LAW SOCIETl'S HANDBOOK— 1898. 
 
 UNIVERSITY LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 
 
 25 PALL MALL, LONDOlir, S."W. 
 
 This Society assures the lives of University and Public School Men, and by so doing is 
 enabled to give larger bonuses than Oflices assuring the lives of all classes. 
 
 ^Established 1835, Incorporated hy Jtoyal Charter. 
 TOTAL FUNDS, £1,079,145, ANNUAL INCOME, £92,000, CLAIMS PAID, £3,380,000. 
 
 DIItECTOltS. 
 
 Gliairman — J. Copley Wrat, Esq. 
 
 Ohables S. Bagot, Esq. 
 
 The Bt. Hev. the LonD Bishop or Bristol. 
 
 The Ten. Archdeacox Burney. 
 
 The Rt. Hon. Lord Justice Chitty. 
 
 Sir John E. Dohington, Bart., M.P. 
 
 The Ht. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Glou- 
 
 11. G. C. MOWRRAY, Esq. [OESTER, 
 
 The Most Hon. the Marquis of Salisbury, 
 Reginald Sodthey, Esq., M.D. [K.O. 
 FREDimicK Stallard, Esq. 
 Reginald E. Thompson, Esq., M.D. 
 The Bt. Hon. Spencer H. Walpole. 
 Robert Woodhodse, Esq. [Q.C., M.P. 
 The Bt. Hon. C. B. Stuart-Wortley, 
 Secretary — H. W. AxDRAS, Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries. 
 STRONG FINANCIAL POSITION. 
 The Assurance Fund in hand represents twenty-one years' income of the present 
 Annual Premiums under Policies in force, an unusual condition of stability and security. 
 
 EXCEPTIONALLY LARGE BONUSES FOR POLICY HOLDERS. 
 
 Specially Reduced Premiums per £100 Assured at Death. 
 
 Age & s. d. I Age 
 26 .. 1 12 3 36 . 
 
 30 .. 1 16 I 40 
 
 Next Division of Profits to Policyholders, June 1900. 
 
 A Prospectus and Proposal Form may be obtained upon application to the Secretary, 
 25 PALL MALL, LONDOK, S.W. 
 
 THE SOLICITORS' TYPEWRITING CO., 
 
 68b LINCOIiNS INN FISIiDS, W.C. 
 
 £ . 
 
 <?. 
 
 Age 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 Age 
 
 £ .!. d. 
 
 a 
 
 9 
 
 45 . 
 
 . 2 14 10 
 
 65 
 
 .433 
 
 2 
 
 11 
 
 50 . 
 
 .369 
 
 60 . 
 
 .641 
 
 Copying. Shorthand. Translations. 
 
 LEGAL COPYING. LEGAL COPYING. 
 
 Accuracy. Discretion. Despatch. Usual Rates. 
 
 DEPOT ;for the most up-to-date Typewriters, viz. . 
 
 'THE BOOK TYPEWRITER,' 'THE OLIVER.' 
 
 SUPPLIES— Papers, Ribbons, Erasers, Oil, &c. 
 
 C. MITCHELL & CO., 
 
 12 & 13 Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, E.C., 
 CONTRACT FOR NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING 
 THROUGHOUT THE WORLD. 
 
 Lowest Rates. Careful Management. Best Results, 
 SEND FOR ESTIMATES. 
 
Incoepoeatbd Law Society's Handbook — 1898. 303 
 
 UNION 
 
 ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 
 
 Established in the Reign of Queen Anne, A.D. 1714. 
 
 F I R eT^AtJd^L I F E . 
 Head Office— 81 CORNHILL, LONDON, E.G. 
 
 West End Branohes-55 CHARING CROSS, S.W., and 70 BAKER 
 STREET, W., LONDON. 
 
 DIRECTORS, TRUSTEES, &o. 
 
 Chairman . . Stephen Soames, Esq. 
 Deputy Chairman . . . Chablbs Mobtimee, Esq. 
 
 Sir John Whittakee Ellis, Bart., Aid. 
 J. T. FlEBANK, Esq., M.P. 
 Waltee B. Hoaeb, Esq. 
 William Latham, Esq., Q.C. 
 EAEL of Lichfield. 
 J. Teubman Mills, Esq. 
 Jambs Thompson, Esq. 
 Sir Feedeeick Wioan. 
 John Edwaed Woodeoffb, Esq. 
 John Thoenton RoaEES, Hon. Director. 
 Fire Manager — Wm. G. Wilkins. 
 Sub-Manager (Fire Department)— A. F. Bailey. 
 Actuary — L. K. Pagdbn. Secretary — Chaeles Dabeell. 
 
 Invested Funds . . . £3,000,000. 
 Annual Income £850,000. 
 
 FIKB DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Directors are ready to receive Proposals for insuring Pro- 
 perty generally at home and abroad, at equitable rates, and 
 according to the risk to be protected. 
 
 LIFE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The BONUS during the last 40 years has averaged £1. 10s. per 
 cent, per annum on the sum assured. 
 
 Interim Bonus granted on participating policies which become 
 claims between each division of profits. 
 
 All Claims paid at the expiration of one month from the date of 
 their being admitted by the Board, or in ordinary cases on proof of title. 
 
 The published Accounts give the fullest details as to the position 
 
 of the Society. 
 
 CMARUES DARRELL, Secretary. 
 
304 INCOHPORATED LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK— 1898. 
 
 ORIGINAL COMPANY AGENCY OFFICE. 
 
 mstabuismeu oveb bo tjsaxs. 
 
 CHARLES DOUBBLE 
 
 14 SERJEANTS' INN, TEMPLE, 
 LONDON, E.G. 
 
 MEMORANDA AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION, &c. 
 
 FEINTED WITH EXPEDITION. 
 
 NEW COMPANIES REGISTERED. 
 
 Annual and other Returns Filed. Publisher of Authorised Forms. 
 
 Companies' Eegisters, Seals, Share Certificates, Bonds, &c., supplied. 
 
 Information and Assistance rendered to the Profession. 
 
 Messrs. H. FOULKS LYNCH & CO.'S Announcements. 
 
 Messrs. H. Voxtlks Lyxch & Oo. prepare Oandidates for the Examinations of the 
 Bar, the Institute of Chartered Accountants, and the Society of Accountants and 
 Auditors (Incorporated). Private, class, and postal preparation. The Oorrespondence 
 Glasses are conducted by means of corrigenda papers, dictated to shorthand writers, 
 containing not only corrections of work done, but aJeo comments thereon, useful hints 
 and information. 
 
 Successes at the June (1897) Examinations of the Society of Accountants and 
 Auditors : Passed, 12 out of 13 sent up for the Final and Intermediate. 
 
 Successes at the Examinations of the Institute of Chartered Accountants, June 1897: 
 Final — 24 passed, including 3 in the Honours List; 4th (bracketed), 7th, and 8th Cer- 
 tificates of Merit ; Intermediate — 28 passed, including 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th (bracketed), 
 10th (bracketed), I2th (bracketed), 14th (bracketed), 26th (bracketed), and 30th in 
 order of merit. 
 
 For/urt?ier particulars and terms apply to 
 
 Messrs. H. FOULKS LYNCH & CO., 9 Penchurch Street, London, B.C. 
 
 Copies of any of tJie following Books for Accountant Students will be foi^warded post free on 
 
 receipt of P.O. for the piiblished price. 
 Fourth Edition (incorporating the Acts, Rules, and Orders of 1890 afEectingthe subject). 
 
 Price, interleaved with white paper for notes, 11*. post free. 
 THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF LIQUIDATORS, TRUSTEES, & RECEIVERS. 
 PARTNERSHIP ARTICLES EPITOMISED AND EXPLAINED. Third Edition, 
 just ready ; price l.s., post free. Intended as a Supplement to Pollock's * Digest of 
 Parrnership Law,' and founded on the Treatise of the Lord Justice Lindley. 
 REDRESS BY ARBITRATION. Second Edition, 1892. Price 5j. post free, 
 THE LAW OF CONTRACTS. Second Edition. Price 1*. 6d. post free. Being a 
 Lecture delivered by D. F. de l'Hoste Ranking, M.A., LL.D., before the Birming- 
 ham Chartered Accoujitant Students Society, and extremely useful to Students. 
 EXECUTORSHIP LAW AND ACCOUNTS, Price 125. 6d. post free. Law by D. F. 
 
 DE l'Hoste Ranking, MJl,, LL.D. ; Accountancy by WAiiTER P. Wbeman, A.O.A. 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE. Price 1*. Gd. post free. By D. F. de l'Hoste Ranking, 
 
 M.A., LL.D. Of great importance to Accountant Students. 
 ACCOUNTANTS* PRELIMINARY COURSE. Price 65., post free 5*. 3d. Being a 
 Complete Guide to above Examination, with books recommended, course of work, 
 and test papers. 
 
Incorporated Law Society's Handbook— 1898. 305 
 
 THE BANK OF AUSTRALASIA 
 
 ilncorporaied under Royal Oiarter^ 1835), 
 
 4 THREADNEEDLE STREET, LONDON, 
 
 Paid-up Capital £1,600,000 
 
 Keserve Fund 800,000 
 
 Beaerve Liability of Proprietors under the Charter 1,600,000 
 
 jE4,000.006 
 Nnmerons Branchps throughout the Colonies of -^^— ^— — " 
 VICTOBIA. -WESTEKlir ATTSTEALIA. 
 
 WE-W SOUTH -WALES. TASMANIA. 
 
 QTTEElTSLAlfD. NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 SOUTH AUSTRALIA. 
 
 LETTERS OF CREDIT and BILLS OF EXCHANGE granted. BILLS NEaO- 
 TIATKD OB SENT FOR COLLECTION. TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS made. 
 DEPOSITS received in London at interest for fixed periods on terms whicli may be 
 ascertained at the OflBce, BANKING BUSINESS of every description transacted with 
 the Oolomes. R. W. JEANS, Manager. 
 
 Equitable ReYcrsionary Interest Society, Limited, 
 
 10 LANCASTER PLACE, STRAND, 'W.C. 
 
 Established 1835. 
 
 GAPITAIi, £500,000. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Fbascis S. Olavton, Esq. 
 
 Jacksox Httnt, Esq. 
 
 Captain Sir AxFEED Jbphson, R.N. 
 
 ROBEBT A. EiN&LAKB, Esq. 
 
 A. Hkotit Pattersos, Esq. 
 Henut Pigeon, Esq. 
 Feederiok a. Roberts, Esq. 
 Alexander Ward, Esq. 
 
 Auditors— Meases. Whin'xev, Smith & Whinney. 
 
 Solicitors— yi^st^. Clavtox, Sons & Pargus. .4c(Mari/— Frederick Hendriks, Esq. 
 
 Bankers— TAessrs. OOUTTS & Co. 
 
 This Society purchases Reversionary Property, Life Interests, and Annuities, and 
 
 grants Loans on these Securities. Forms of Proposal may be obtained at the Office as 
 
 above. 
 
 f! H. CLAYTON 1- ■^'"''" 'S^"-'-^'"-"'- 
 
 ESTABLISHED OYER 30 TEARS. 
 
 NORMAN & SON, 
 
 Periodical Sales of Property of every description held locally and at the Mart. 
 
 VALUATIONS FOR ALL PURPOSES. 
 PUBLIC HOUSE AND HOTEL BROKERS. 
 
 Central Offices: TOWN HALL CHAMBERS, STRATFORD; 
 
 And 10 BARKING ROAD, CANNING TOWN. 
 
 City Offices : 90 & 91 QDEEN STREET, CHEAPSIDE. 
 
 Telegraphic Address : ' NoRiu-N, Auctioneer, London.' 
 Telephone No.: 4, Stratford. City Office : Bank, 6618, 
 
306 INCORPOKATBD LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK — 1898. 
 
 XTbe Ibospltal for Momen, 
 
 SOHO SQUARE, W. 
 
 Founded 1842. Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1887. 
 
 Patron— KM.U. THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G. 
 Preaidenl—TBIE DUKE OF WESTMINSTER, K.G. 
 Treasurer— ¥. A. SEVAN, Esq. 
 
 THE Hospital for Women was the first established in tliis or any other country 
 exclusively for the treatment of diseases peculiar to women. 
 This National Institution is entirely dependent upon Voluntary Contributions, 
 which are most urgently needed. In addition to the free wards, the new wing, 
 opened in 1869, is available for those able to contribute a weekly sum towards their 
 maintenance. 
 
 Bankers — Messrs. Barclay & Co., Limited, 54 Lombard Street, E.G. ; and 
 1 Pali Mali East, S.W. 
 
 DAVID CANNON, Secretary, 
 
 IRISH DISTRESSED LADIES' FUND. 
 
 Patron— HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. 
 
 Executive Committee: 
 
 President— 'R.'R.'K. the Pbinckss Louise, Marchioness of Lome. 
 
 Vice-President — Her Grace the Dowager-Duchess of Marlboroijqh. 
 
 Chairman— Hhe Bahl op Erne, K.P. 
 
 Deputy C^i^-man— Lieut.-Gencral R, W. Lowry, O.B. 
 
 Hon. Treasurer— 'K. H. Pleydell Bouverie, Esq. 
 
 Bankers— 'Kq^ts. Barclay »fc Co., 1 Pall Mall East, S.W. 
 
 Manageress — Work DepSt : Miss Campbell, 17 North Audley Street, W. 
 
 Secretary — General W, M. Lees, 17 North Audley Street, London, W. 
 
 The COMMITTEE APPEAL for FUNDS for the relief of Ladies who depend for 
 their support on the proceeds of Lrish property, but who, owing to the depreciation in 
 the value of land and the non-receipt of their incomes from causes beyond their control, 
 have been reduced to absolute poverty. 
 
 Office and Work Dep6t— 17 NORTH AUDLEY STREET, W. 
 
 NORTH-EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN 
 
 Founded 1867. HACKNEY EOAD, SHOEEDITCH, N.E. Founiedisej. 
 
 Patron— Mmi Koval Highness the PRINCESS OP WALES. 
 
 President— J. G. Barclay, Esq. Chairman— XjOtcd Pbedbiuck PitzEot. 
 
 Treasurer— 3. Listeh Godlt!e, Esq. 
 
 1897.— In-Patients, 772 (210 under 2 years of age); Out-Patients, 
 14,832 ; Attendances, 54,343 ; Accident Cases average 43 per week. 
 
 The Hospital is dependent upon TOluntary contributions to the extent of £4,600 a 
 year, and the Committee earnestly appeal for Donations and New Annual Sub- 
 scriptions towards the maintenance of the work in its full extent free from debt. 
 
 The Committee earnestly plead for Legacies. 
 
 City Office : 27 Clement's Lane, London, B.C. T. aLBNTON-KERR, Secretary. 
 
 Banke7's—'BATtcLA'i & Co., Limited, 
 
INCORPOEATHD LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK— 1898. 307 
 
 Solicitors' Benevolent Association. 
 
 INSTITUTED 1858, 
 
 FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR AND NECESSITOUS SOLICITORS AND 
 
 PROCTORS, IN ENGLAND AND WALES, AND THEIR WIVES, 
 
 WIDOWS, AND FAMILIES. 
 
 trustees. 
 
 XA?S^TT?#.?J;^T^w^;^^^^^V^°^^°"- I THOMAS Marshall, Leeds. 
 
 iNAlU. TEBliUS LAWBENCE, LondOU. I SAMUEL HARRIS, LeicoBtei. 
 
 JBoari) of Directors for \S97=9S. 
 
 Henry Morten Cotton (Loudon), i Thomas Marshall (Leeds), 
 
 Cluiirman. \ Dep. -Chairman. 
 
 LOXUON. 
 Tnh«^r,^^» ?i^ Brook/ John Hunter * i R. PeimUigton, J.P/ 
 
 .lotin Moxon Clabon. Frederick Haleey Janson.* 1 Henry RoBCoe." 
 
 rri^fh Ji^i^- A^ i°^ ^^^X ^^-y^-" I Sidney Smith.' 
 
 trrantham R. Dodd. Benjamin Greene Lake. i Richard W. Tweedie. 
 
 wmV "^^°iB lladgate. Nathaniel T. Lawrence. WUliam Melmoth Walters. 
 
 WilUam Geare. Sir Thomas Paine. | Edward W. Williamson. 
 
 Joan JloUamB. \ Frank Rowley Parker. Frederic T. Woolbert, 
 
 PROVINCIAL. 
 
 ^^^~¥' S°^^"'^ Burue. i Ipsicic/i-Benjamln Page Grlmsey. 
 
 Bed/ord— Mark Sharman. Leicester— Samuel Harris. 
 
 BirmiHgftant— Cornelius T. Saunders. Liverpool— J . E. Gray HiU 
 
 Bradford, Yorks.—John Rust JefEery. i „ Frederick Marton Hull. 
 
 Bng/iton—Wm. Hunter Cockburn. ' Majichester—GeoTge Peter Allen. 
 
 Bristol— D. Travers Surges. ' „ Thomas Joseph GUI. 
 
 _ '• ^jJ^ewls Fry, M.P. Mai-U)orough~l\oht Wm. Merriman. 
 
 Caml>rtdge—T. Musgrave Francis. Newcastle-upon-Tyne—Hohert R. Dees 
 
 Canterbury— Cecil Edward Kingsford. I JVorwic/i— Sydney Cozens-Hardy 
 
 Cor£li#— Thomas Henry Stephens." Noitiiigham— John C. Warren. 
 
 Chelmaford—C. B, O. Gepp. Oar/ord— Frederic Parker Morrell. 
 
 Cneltenharti~J. Batten Winterbotham. , Reading— V.'m. Frank Blandy • 
 
 Cftester— John Cullimore. Salisburi/—B.enry WilUam Cobb. 
 
 Ctrences/er— Robert Ellett. S/iejRcid— Arthur Wightman. 
 
 Derby— A. Grimwood Taylor. SIca/ord— Henry A. Peake. 
 
 Devonport—J. J. Edgcombe Venning. SouViampton— John C. Moberly, M.A. 
 
 E(M«)o«TOe— Richard George Pidcock. Tunbridge Wells— Frsnik W. Stone. 
 
 Ea:efer— Henry Wilcocks Hooper. IF/iifchtii;e»— Augustus Helder, M.P. 
 
 HiiW/ax— Edmund Minson Wavell, J.P. IFblreWtawipton— James E. Underbill 
 
 Sereford—Hy. Child Beddoe, J. P.*" Worcester— John StaUard." 
 
 Huddcrs^M— Thomas James Dyson. j 3forfc— Henry John Ware. 
 
 H»M— Sir James T. Woodhouse, M.P. I 
 
 * Have served tJie Office of Chairjnaii. 
 
 Auditors— Uarry C. Niebet, London; Charles P. AVilmer, London; John S. Chappelow 
 F.C.A., London. ' 
 
 Bankers— XJaiON Bank of London, Chancery Lane Branch. 
 Offices— 9 CLIFFORD*S INN, LONDON, B.C. 
 
 THIS ASSOCIATION is composed of Solicitors practising (at the time of their admission 
 as Members) in England or Wales. 
 
 Its objects are : ' To relieve, either by Donations or Annuities, Necessitous Members and 
 their Wives and Families, and the Necessitous Widows and Families of Deceased Members, 
 and In special cases the Parents or Collateral Relations of Deceased Members ; and, secondly, 
 such necessitous persons as are or have bean Attorneys, Solicitors, or Proctors, and have not 
 been Members, and who, in the opinion of the Directors, may be deserving objects, and their 
 Wives and Families ; and the necessitous Widows and Families of deceased Attorneys, 
 Solicitors, and Proctors who were not Members of the Association at the time of their decease.' 
 
 Solicitors throughout England or Wales are eligible to be Members (subject to the approval 
 of the Board), and are invited to co-operate for the promotion of the Association. 
 
 A single Payment of TEN GUINEAS constitutes a LIFE MEMBER, and a Subscription of 
 ONE GUINEA a year (paid yearly In advance) an ANNUAL MEMBER. 
 
 Annual Members may become Life Members by increasing their current year's Subscriptions 
 to the Bom of Ten Guineas. 
 
 Annual Subscriptions date from the Ist of January or July. 
 
 Subscriptions or Donations will be gladly received by the Directors or Secretary, and every 
 Information may be obtained at the Offices of the Association. 
 
 {By order of tlve Board ] 
 
 JAMES THOMAS SCOTT, Secretary, 
 
 Members of the Asbocialioii arc dislinrjuishediii tlie Law Liht thus, JJ 
 
308 INCOBPOBATBD LAW SOCIETY'S HANDBOOK— 1898. 
 
 L AW P ARTNERSHIPS & S tlCCESSJONS. 
 
 For Introductions to Gentlemen seeking Shares and 
 Practices, or for Vacancies, in Town or Country, apply to 
 
 J. HARCOURT SMITH 
 
 The Solicitors' Partnership Agent. 
 LA W COSTS drawn and seWod 
 
 from papers for taxation or otherwise. 
 
 BOOKS POSTED&ADDITED&ACCOUNTS PREPARED 
 
 63 & 64 CHANCERY LANE, 
 
 LONDON, W.C. 
 N.B.— Good Mortgage Securities wanted. 
 
 INFANT ORPHAN ASYLUM, 
 
 WANSTEAD. 
 
 Patron: HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. 
 Bankers : Messrs. WILLIAMS, DEACON & CO. 
 
 THIS INSTITUTION maintains and educates the Orphans of 
 persons once in prosperity, from their EAKLIEST INFANCY 
 untU Fifteen years of age. 
 
 It has received 3,234 Fatherless Children already. Sixty were 
 admitted last year. Nearly 600 are in the Asylum now. 
 
 Elections will be held in May and November this year. Sixty 
 Children will be elected. 
 
 Forms of Nomination can be obtained at the Office. 
 
 Nearly the whole of the Yearly Income arises from Voluntary 
 Contributions. Assistance is therefore urgently needed, and will be 
 thankfully acknowledged. 
 
 LEGACIES form an important item in income. 
 
 Life Subscription for One Vote 
 » J. Two Votes... 
 
 Annual Subscription for One Vote .., 
 » ,( Two Votes ... 
 
 Offioes: 63 Ludgatb Hill, E.C. 
 
 £5 5 
 
 10 10 
 
 10 6 
 
 1 1 
 
 HENRY W. GKEEN Secretary. 
 
BOOK— 1898. 
 
 WATERLOW & SONS, Ltd. 
 
 inunnu wall. LnNnnN ^ 
 
LAW GDARANTEE* TRUST SOCIETY 
 
 Subseribed Capital, £1,000,000* | Paid-up, £100,000. 
 Reserve Fund, £55,000. 
 
 Uruetecs. 
 The Hon. Mr. .TurfTiCE Day, 
 The FTon. Mr. Justice Grantham. 
 
 H)u-cctor0. 
 John HunteUj Esq., Chairman. 
 EiCHD. Pennington, Esq., Vice-Chair- 
 
 man. 
 E. J. BniSTovv, Esq. 
 John E. Gray Hill, Eeq. 
 Fredk. H. Janson, Esq. 
 BliNJ, G. LAhB, Esq. 
 
 Sir J. S. MONTEFIORE. 
 
 Thomas Rawle. Esq. 
 Henry Roscok, Esq. 
 Radclyffr Walters, Esq. 
 
 WM. WiLLIAWS, Esq. 
 
 Solicttoi'3, 
 
 j^'essrs. ToRR, Gribble, Oddeb, & 
 Sinclair. 
 
 Messr?. Chu.d & Co., 1 Fleet St.. B.C. 
 Bank of Enoland, Law Courts 
 
 Bran oil. 
 
 National Provtncial Bank of 
 
 England, Lt'3 ., Lincoln's Tdti Branch. 
 
 t^cncral /n>a?)agcr a^^ Secvetarv- 
 
 Thos. R. Ronald. 
 
 BsBistant Sccrctarig. 
 
 Wali-eh s. Bates. 
 
 FIDELITY &&MRANTEES 
 
 INCLTTDINI) 
 
 RKOEIVERS', BANSRUPTf'T TRUSTEES', ADMINISTRATORS', AND LUNACY 
 COMMITTEES' B0Nr>3. 
 
 MORTGAGE 
 
 DEBENTURE 
 
 LICENSE 
 
 IHSUBANOE. 
 
 CQNTINGE^QY INSi/RANGE, 
 
 (Re Dkpticts in Title, Lost DocrMENTS, INEi'^sinq Beneficiauik8. &c.) 
 
 Trusteeship for Debentore Holders undertaken. 
 
 TRUSTEESHIPS UNDER 
 WILLS, MARRIAGE SETTLEMENTS, &c. 
 
 (Without ill terCf ring- t^ith tii'.' ilnties of the Family Solicitor.) 
 
 Head Office-49 CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C. 
 
 City Office— 56 MOORGATE STREET, E.G. 
 
 Branch Offices at Dublin, Edinburj;h, Birmingham, Olusgow, Huddersfleld, 
 
 Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-on-Tyne, and Nottingham.