483 1b56 lv.3 LIQMT QTnNfl5TIC5 -(gp'ii %mt KANSAS CITV PHESSE PHINT, I2I0'WAL-NUT feTj ■ BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF 1891 A..4t4n 3r4 S «?3 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026666341 Physical ^fLTiJRE — BY — . - Directo r and tiupervisor of Physical Culture, Public Schools, Kansas City, Mo. • book: otiiiisid, kut ^ QinPi^JTic SECOND (REVISED) EDITION. POLES, BUMB-BELLS, WANDS, RINGS AND INDIAN CLUJSS. With Original Illustrations by WiLLtAM Webef, 1S9S, ' ^ KANSAS CITV PREfiSE PRT., SOS E. ■2TH iT. UNIVERSITY U8RARV ~«-^; - ' 25 Directstepposition sideways, nghtandleft ) Oblique stepposition, forward, right and jeft \ ObIi(^i^c^tepposikion, backward, right and left ) '■'S Cross' stepposition, forward, right and left ) ' Cross stepposition, backward, right and left | " . '.' 3° Cross stepposition, bending both knees -,^ Balance steppositions ^ LONGSS. Direct longe, forward, backward, sideways right and le't ^i Oblique longe forward, backward right and left .2 Cross longe forward, backward, right and left ^. Charging . - . - ^^ .Longing and stepping -' - . ^^ Longing and letting go of one pole - -^ LoNGB Reverses. Direct longe-reverse forward, backward, sideways, right gn.d.lcft -,^ Oyiqu* longe-reverse forward, backward right and left , ,, Cross longe-reverse forward, backward, right and left if Balance longe-reverses - - ■ ,^ , .' .' ^g CiyASSmED-'iW&fej^. THE DUMB-BELLS. Positions of the Bells. In position forward of the arms j " outward , " npward : the arms ) " " [ Randamental positions - Resting position iiands on hips ~1 '" under shouldeis j '" over '^ y- " " head | " at sides. J Horizontal positions ) Parallel ' " f Vertical " Slanting " Oblique " Diagonal '! ^gular Raising arms "| Lowermg arms i « Moving arms | Thrusting J (fuming arms .Swinging arms Striking bells Ro'lling arms -, Sending trunk Turning trunk |p0Cking trunk flowing trunk ' ^'^iiising beels • ^frunding heels - Sending knees Kneeling SJirect Oblique Ciross - •; Balance - : - - Direct 1 Oblique >: Q-bss ) l^wect -. Oblique ,'' ' Cipis :Balane : General Positions. Positions of the Akms. AkM -ViOVEMCiNis. Trunk Movements. 1-UuT MoVliMEiSlS. Knee Movements. Steppositions. LONGES . Longe-ReverseS . 39' ■ ^ - 4.2=' 4t 42. 45' 46. 48. 52 S3 43 - 5& 47, 52r^7. 58 ,-<.-:fhi:j 54, ■JO nf • - S8- 59- •. 47 59' '-3f,'-' 49. 50 SS 54 t'SS: ; 5&; ■ ■. Sgi ' 661. 8' C LASSIFIEfD IfjpEX . Ffant position Facing " Reverse!*' T^HE RINGS. Positions for Exercising. 64 Positions of the Arms. In Front Position. Inner Arms. T Downward Forward Upward Slanting backward ' " lorward-dowDward I " forward-upward 1 r Outer Arms ' Hands on hips ^' " head Downward ' Outward Upward Oblique downward ." upward In •Facing Positions. Downward Outward Vpward Oblique down'ward _ " upward Diagonal Angular In Reverse Position. Downward '^ Outward I Upward ' Oblique < { Diagonal I Angular J Free Gymnastic Movements. Step-positions * Stepping Raising heels Bending and turning trunk Turning and bending head Long's Longe-reverses Resting po^itioa 69 70 65. 66^ 67 6r 6^ 7a CLASSIFIED INDEX. : THE WAND. GRASPS OF THE HAND^ Ordinary, Reversed, Combined, Twisted. Positions of the Wand. Downward, in front HoKizoNTAL Positions: Page. 77" Vbrtical Positions : Obliqus Positions: Slanting Positions: Diagonal Positions - 'Resting positions '^^tfiiJpositions - Longes libnge-reverses Raising Ifeels Turning trunk Fending trunk Bending knees Forward, upward; downward, in back; forward-ddwmyard, ' forward upward On shoulders ■ -■ , On chest On shoulders side-right, side-left; on chest, side-right, side-left. On back, hands fast; on back, fists on chest At right side, downward ; at left side, downward 1 Over head, right hand forward; left hand forward' V -Reverse^forward (twisted) ') At right shoulder At lelt shoulder Forward, right hand upward 1 . . Forward, left hand upward 1 Side-right, right hand upward I Side-left, left hand upward , f " , Side-rieht, left arm c^erhead ( Side-left, right arm overhead ( Side-right, in back, right hand upward | Side-left, in back, left hand upward j At foot - - - ; Side-right, downward, upward;, side-left downward,' upward. Forward-downward, right hand forward; left hand forward I ^ Forward-upward, right hand forward; left hand forward ( •'":. Backward-downward, right hand backward ) '-^ Backward- downward left hand backward J ' " " Forward- downward, sidti-right Forward-downward, side-right Forward-upward, side-right Forward-upward, side- left Side-right, upward ,] Side-right, downward f Side-left upward f Side-left downward ) Reverse- forward-doWn ward side-right f Reverse-forward-downward side-left f Forward, right hand upward ( Forward, left hand upward f Side-right, left hand upward ( Side-left, right hand upward 8o, 8r, 85^ 86". ■8b, 84, 85. 86, Bf, 88' - ■ 83 81, 84, 85, 86; 87, 88 : -84, se- es .88- CLASSIFIED INX)EX. THE INDIAN CLUBS. Positions of the- Clubs. Clubs on floor Clubs in first position Clubs in second position Club3 under shoulders Clubs on shoulders Clubs crossed over head Clubs crossed in parallel position Resting position PAGE^ 9+ 95 94 96 96 95 . 96 Positions of the Arms. Position outward, forward, upward , 9^ ''^ " Position side-right, side-left - ' 99 Slanting position 9^- '. . Vertical positions, Angular positions, Oblique positions, 99 J Grouping - ■ ■ - 100 ' Free Gymnastic Movements. Arm movements, Steppositions, Longes, Longe- reverses. Raising heels. Bending knees, ic2 Wrist movements - 105 Composition 104. . ,:; CIR(iLES. :i Front Arm Circles . Half circles 107 Outer right. Inner right, Outer left. Inner left, Double outer, Double inner, Double rightf Double left loft Back Arm Circles. Outer right, Inner right, Outer left. Inner left, Double outer, Double inner. Double right. Double left i Side Arm Circles. Forward right. Backward right. Forward lett. Backward left ^ 109 Front Hand Circles. Outer forward right. Inner forward right. Outer backward right, Inner backward-right. Outer forward left. Inner forward left. Outer backward Left, Inner backward left. Double outer lorward, Double outer backward. Double inner forward. Double inner backward - - - 109 Sjde Hand Circles. Back outer right, Back inner right, Back outer left, Back inner left. Double outer back. Double inner back. Front side hand circles. - i lo Wrist Circles. • Front-outer right, inner right, outer left; inner lett. double right, double left. Side-forward right, backward right, forward left, backward left, double forward, double hackwaid 'no Back-outer right, inner right, outer left, inner left, double outer, double inner (In front of the arms, - . jj^ Same circles in back of the arms . Combinations . ,-» ti- »,. LIGHT GYMNASTIC EXERCISE J. ARRANGING AND DISMISSING THE CLASS. 1 . Rising and sitting in the class-room should be done quickly, quietly and uniformly. 2. Taking and replacing the apparatus: This should' be done quietly and without interfering with, or interrupting in anyway, the tanks of the class. 3. Arrangement of the class: The boys and girls should be placed in separate rows, and graded according to size, the shorter ones in front. The different rows should be arranged according to some definite plan, so that the whole arrangement of the class will be symmetrical in every particular, II. STILLNESS OF PERSON. 1 . Stillness of the body in the positions. — After the command of execution has been giren, the head, arms, hands, trunk and feet must* remain fixed in the required position until relieved, or changed to an other position by another command. 2. Stillness of the body while exercising. — ^During an exercise, those - members of the body, not effected by the command, must be held still in their fundamental positions. HI. STEADINESS OF FEATURES. 1. During the entire drill the features should remain calm and undisturbed . 2 . Whispering, talking and laughing, 3 . AH grimaces, whether intentional, or from habit, and 4 . Exercising with the mouth open, are considered as faults IV. PROMPTNESS IN OBEYING COMMANDS. " 'i 1 . Taking positions. 2 . Beginning and stopping exercises . 3. Starting and halting in marching. -V. CORRECT POSITIONS AND MOVEMENTS. I. All positions and movemente of the arms, head, trunk, hmbs and feet, must be exact and true. 2 . The positions of the apparatus mi^st be correct. vi. UNIFORMITY OF MOTION. While exercising and marching. VII. QUIETNESS. There must be no unnecessary, or undue noise, in connection with the movements of the feet when exercising, or marching. CRITICISM. I J VIII.— ENERGY. 1. - Positions of the arms should be taken with vim. 2. '^^^einents should be executed fol'cibly. 3. * Step-positions, the longes, and the steps in marching, should be firm and vigorous. IX.— GRACE. 1. All positions should be free irom restraint. 2. The movements of the head and trunk, feet and limbs, while vigorous, should be easy and graceful. i- 3. in marching, the body should be carried proudly and the stfep should . be elastic. X.— MARCHING. I. Correct position of the body: a. Chin raised. ,'_ b. Shoulders back. '. c. Trunk erect on the hips. ;;_ d. Feet turned outward. Keeping time. Keeping step. Keeping straight ranks. Turning square corners. While marching, the body should be held still. The steps, while vigorous, should be quiet. XI .—USING CORRECT COMMANDS. The commands for all positions and exercises should be given accurately. XII.— DIFFICULTNESS OF EXERCISES. 1. Exercises of a lower grade are not to be rated as high as those required. 2. There are easy and difficult combinations of the luovements occuring in the work outlined for each grade . xiii.— VARIETY OF EXERCISES. The drill should include: a)' a drill on some of the important positions; ' b) a head, arm, trunk and foot exercise, in the lower grades separate, in the upper grades in- combinations; c) a breathing exercise, and d) a short drill on marching and facing. xiv.— MANNER OF CONDUCTING THE DRILL. 1. When you are conducting the exercise, be composed and stand stiU in your place. 2. While condacting the exercise do not talk to the class more than is absolutely necessary. Giving lengthy explanations, scolding, threatening, etc., are signs of weakness. 3. Make yourself independent of the manual as soon as possible. 4. Counting, tapping, etc., should be done softly. 5. Give the explanatory command in your natural pitch of Voice, laying stress only^on the command of execution. '■•&. 2. ir 3- %\ 4- ^4/'., ^ 5- 6. •■-< 7. m OZLvdZn^/dl-^^T^Sz There are four kinds: Command of CauTIOK, of Expi,anaTion, of Execution, and of DrscoN'riNUATioisr. 1. The Command of Caution is used when the attention of the pupils has been diverted. Commands of Caution : Attention ! Ready! 2. The Command of Explanation gives a short but clear and definite description of the position that is to be taken, or the exercise •that is to be executed. It is given distinctly and slowly in the natural tone of voice. 3. The Command of Execution, invariably containing but one word, calls for the execution of the exercise demanded, and is spoken with emphasis. Commands of Execution : Stand ! Rest ! Place ! Down ! Begin! March! Between the commands of Explanation and Execution there is a slight pause, in order that the pupils may have time to think and get ready. It is represented by a line, thus: 4. The Command of Discontinuation also contains but one short ' word, and is spoken loudly and sharply. Commands of Discontinuation : Stop! Halt! Rest! S)o -»_ THE POLES, fV't THIRD GRADE AND UPWARDS. ^%#'^^%^^ THE POLES, *M5~ "Sh-» The Apparatus: — Material : Pine, maple, or cherry wood. Length : 12 feet. The poles may be made longer, or shorter, if desired. Thickness: i^ inches in diameter. Color: Black, brownj^gi^sUow, or any color, or$tain to suit. Cost: From $1.00 to $1.50 a set. Two POLES CONSTITUTE A SET. The pupils are arranged between the poles, one behind the other, evenly graded in size, and boys and girls in separate rows. As many as eight, or nine pupils- can exercise with one set of poles. The pupils exercising with one set of poles, form a section, and two or more sections exercisine in common, a division. Place for keeping the apparatus when not used: A rack of some kind is ' fastened to the wall, on which the poles are placed. The poles should be so placed, that they can easily be taken and replaced. The accom- panying cut gives an illustration of a suitable rack ior the poles. It is made oi wood and is inexpensive. The drill can not be given BETWEEN THE DESKS unless the aisles are sufficiently wide. An empty room, the corridor, or a hall should be used, if there be one at hand. Of course the drill can be ^^given in the school-yard; in fair, mild weather, the open air is the ■most desirable of all places. The class-room should be the last resort. Fig. 2. PotE Rack. '^'^° "^ wUh' tZ^l^ ^"^ "^''- =»°"^ V= °'^™- The exei-cises may be givei» The rl«fi^» accompaniment. However, this shculd not be done, until orrhTn^rncTarik.""^''^ °" ^'*''- ^ I'do Lt advisi^\o^".l4Tu^t POLES. 17 LESSON I. ARRANGING THE CLASS. Uote. — While the class is arranging in the class-room, several boys, appointed by the teacher* place the poles upon the floor of the hall, or room, where the exercise is to be given. At tlie command "gymnastics!" the pupils move to the edge of the X seats, sit erect, place their hands, clasped, upon the desks, and their feet, heels closed and toes apart, squarely upon the floor, under the desks. .^€xt, three taps are given; at each tap the pupils move quickly, quietly and unifoTiuly, First tap: The pupils turn outward, place their feet in the aisles, heels closed, toes apart, and their hands, clasped, m their laps. Second tap: All rise, (without moving the feet) facing the aisles, and place the hands at the sides of the body, letting the arms hang naturally. Third tap: The pupils walk to their places, keeping step and time and arrange for the exercise, or for marching, out of the room, as the case may be. The boys arrange and grade themselves on one side of the room, the girls do the same on the other side. If the pupils are to march out of the room into the hall, the next com- mand given is: Mark time — March! Marking time is a sham walk. The feet are moved as in walking, but without. gaining ground. At the command "march !" all begin promptly with the left foot. The feet are turned downward and outward. The heel of the advancing footis raised, and the knee and ankle straightened, while the toe is held slightly from the floor. The body should be held still and erect upon the hips, and the whole position should be free from restraint. The movement of the limbs should be energetic, but elastic and noiseless. The weight of the body is over the standing limb. Then give the command : "Forward — March ! - All, the last as well as the first pupil, start off promptly with the left foot. The class marches into the hall and each section betiveen its two poles, where they mark time. When all have arranged, give the command: Class— Halt! At the •commaiid "haltP' given the instant the left foot touches the floor, the pupik cease marking time with the step of the right foot. (See ^ig. 3, page 18) . «!i"?:', (Lesson i coktinubd on page zg . ) i8 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. Fig. 3. Class Ready for the Poles. Fig. 4, Taking the Poles. POLES. '9 LESSON I. Ceontinued.) i r ARRANGEMENT OF THE CLASS. The class may be arrang-ed in. one, two, three, four, or more sections , and ip. as many divisions as is necessary to place all the pupils. Let us take, for example, a class composed of 2§ girls and 14 boys. Then supposing- the hall, or room large enough to place one section beside the other, and two divisions, one behind the other, the arrangement of the class would be as shown iu the diagram. DIAGRAM. Div. B Sec. n 7 — 6 — s — 4 — 3 — Sec. V. Sec. VI. Div. a. 7 6 5 4 3 — 2 — I — Sec. Girls. Sec. il. Boys. n S o Pi Sec. III. Girls. o It is evident, from this, that the arrangement of the class depends upon the number of pupils, the size and shape of the hall, or class-room and the taste of the instructor. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON I. (Continued.) 'TAKING THE POLES FROM THE FLOOR. ■The class is now ready to take the poles. {Tig. 3, page 18.) The fol- lowing' command, is given: Poles in position — Place ! (Two motions.) ^ At THE FIRST tap; The first aad lau pupils in each section^ stoop and grasp the poles. (Fig. 4, page lU.) At the second tap: The first and last pupils in each section rise, holding the poles loosely, but carefully in their hands, knucldes turned outward, and all the other pupils grasp the poles. Ho pupil should bear upon the poles, which are to be held still at the sides of the body. PLACING THE POLES UPON THE FLOOR. Poles upon floor — Place ! (Two motions.) Atthe first tap; All between the first end last pupils let go of the poles, the first and last pupils stoop and place the poles carefully upon the floor. (Fig. 4, page 18. At the second tap : The first aiwi last pupils rise. (Fig. 3, pige x8,) Practice taking the poles from, and placing them upon the floor, several times in succession. POLES. 21 LESSON I. (Concluded ) DISMISSING THE CLASs! The class should march into the class-room in a dehnite order. Supposing the class lo be arranged as shown in the diagram, page 19, rows 2 and 3 would face about; row2 march behind row 1; row I behind row 3, and the last pupil of row 3 lead the class into the class-room. The following are the commands to be given : Row 2 and 3, right-about — Face ! At the command "face!" the weight of the body is thrown upon the left heel, both toes are slightly raised, and a half-turn executed by turning on the lett heel. A fter the turn the toes are lowered and the weight of the body rests equally on both feet. Mark time — March ! forward (after having explained the order of the march) — March ! The class marches into the class-room and as the pupils enter, they walk directly to their seats, and stand still, with their backs to their seats. After all are standing, the following signals are given for sitting : At the first tap ; The pupils sit down, and place their hands, clasped, in their laps. At the secokd tap: The pupils turn, facing front, place their hands, clasped; on their desks, and their feet in the proper position on the floor. MARCHING. iln'marching, careful attention should be given to the carriage of the body. The oUowing are the points to be observed : I. Chin raised. 2. Lips closed. 3. Head still. 4. Shoulders back. 5. Arms hanging naturally; knuckles turned slightly forward. The arms swing slightly in alternate movemdnts with the limbs 6. Knees without stifihess. 7. Feet turned outward. In plstdng the foot upon the floor (ground) the heel is put down first. 8. The step shotold be firm, quiet and elastic, g. The body should be erect, still and free from restraint. ■When marching in flank rank (one behind the other) the following points should be observed: , I. Keeping time. 2. Keeping step. 3. Keeping apart at proper distance. 4. Keeping the rank straight 5. t&ming square corners. Keep time in the school-room by tapping with a pencil, or muffled bell; out-of-doors, with a drum. \ Fig. 5. Fundamental Position. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 2. Note: The following lessons begin after the class has been arranged, and the pupils have taken the fundamental position. (Fig. 5.) The poles are to be held perfectly still in the positions. POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. 1. Hands on iiips — Place ! At the command "place ! " i. e. the instant after the word has been spoken, the pupils - place their hands (the poles) on their hips, at the sides of the b3dy, very quickly. ? The wrists are bent and the knuckles placed upon the hips, (see Fig. ix . ) 2. Arms down — Place ! The arms are placed in positions downward. 3. Hands under shoulders — .Place ! The wrists are bent, and the hands placed under the shoulders. Arms down, — Place ! 4. Hands over slioulders — Place ! The arms are raised outward and the hands placed over the shoulders. The elbows are on a level with the shoulders, ' the knuckles are turned downward. (Fig. 6.) Arms down — Place! The arms are lowered as they were raised. S. Hands over head-T-Place ! The arms are raised outward, and the hands placed over the head. The knuckles are turned toward the head. The hands do not quite touch each other and do not quite touch the head. The wrists and elbows should be gracefully curved. Fig. 6. Hands Over Shoulders. Arms down — Place ! The arms are lowered as they were raised. CHANGING FROM ONE POSITION TO ANOTHER. Hands on hips — Place ! Hands under shoulders — Place ! Hands over shouldei's — Place ! Hands over head — Place ! Hands under shoulders — Place ! Hands over shoulders — Place ! Hands ou hips — Place ! Arms down — Place ! POLES. , 23: LESSON 3. HORIZONTAL AND PARALLEL POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. ' , - ■,''-' Review. the positions of Lesson 2. ^ 1. Rig"ht arm in (horizontal^ position side-rig-ht — Place! — The right arm, held perfectly straight, is raised sideways to a level with the- shoulders. The movemen t is in the shoulder joint. The knuckles are turned upward. Arm down — Place 1 2. lyeft arm in (hiorizon-tal) position side-left — Place! Same a& position at the left aide. Afm down — Place !. 3. Arms (both) in (horizontal) position outward — Place! Positions i and 2, taken simultaneously, (Fig. 8.) Arms down — Place ! 4. Right arm in (vertical) position mpWard — Place ! The right arm is raised sideways through the horizontal position into the verticaL position Upward, The knuckles are turned to the lett. The elbow should be h^ld as straight as possible. -^^ ,'^.=1,. Arm down — Place ! ' ' - The arm is lowered sideways through the horizontal position. 5; X/eft arm in (vertical) position upward — Place ! Same as po^ition'4, at the left side. Arm down — Place ! 6. Arms (both) in (vertlcal-rparallel) position upward — Place ! Positions 4 and 5, taken simultaneously. Arms down — Place ! TPIE RESTING POSITION. The resting position is used whenever the pupils are fatigued from exercise or- when a lengthy explanation is given. From the fundctmerbtal position the resting position is taken in the. following manner : a. The right foot'is moved one normal step backward. b. The body, held perfectly still, is slightly moved backward and its entire; weight thrown upon the right limb. The right kneeis kept straight and rigid, c. Ihe left kneeis slightly bent. d. 'The hands are placed upon the hips. These four movements are taken simultaneously at the command : In place — Rest ! When changing from the resting to the fundamental position, these four move- ments are reversed : a. The right foot is moved forward, ,~^ b. The body is moved forward, c. The left kHee is straightened, d. The arms are lowered, And taken simultaneously at the command : '' In (the fundamental) position — Stand ! 34 - LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 4. ARM EXERCISE. Note.^Repeat each exercise severai times. To cease the exercise give the command, "halt !" or "stop ! " :l Raise right arm into position side-right, twice — and left arm into position side-left, twice — in 8 counts — Begin ! One: Right arm in position side-right . Two: Right arm in position downward Three and Four : The same. Five: Left arm in position side-left. Six: Left arm in position downward. Seven and Eight: The same. :2. Arms in position outward — hands on hips — hands under shoul- ders — arms down — and repeat — in 8 counts — Begin ! -3. Raise right and left arms into position upward, alternately, twice. — in 8 counts — Begin ! One: Right arm in position, upward. Two; Right arm in position, downward. Three: Left arm in position, upward. Four: Left arm in position downward. Five: Same as one. Six: Same as two Seven: Same as thrre. Eight: Same as four. •4. Arms in position outward — in position upward — in position out- ' ward — arms down — and repeat — in 8 counts — Begin ! -5. Exercises 1, 2, 3, and 4, successively — in 32 counts — Begin ! In place — Rest! ' Note. — Invent new combinations ot the positions of lessons .2, and 3, k TRUNK EXERCISE. In position — Stand ! Hands on hips — Place ! -1. Bend trunk side-right, in two counts — Begin ! At One : The trunlt is bent directly sideways to the right as far as possible; the feet remain firmly on the floor, the knees straight and together. The head is also slightly bent to the right, but the movement must be gradual and not noticeable apart from the movement of the trunk. The left flank of the body, from the crown of the head to the foot, should be a graceful curve. At Two: The head and trunk are raised into the upright position. 2. Bend trunk side-left, in 2 counts. 3. Bend trunk side-right — and side-left, alternately — in 4 counts. In place — Rest ! TRUNK AND ARM EXERCISE. In position — Stand ! 1. Arms in position outward — in position upward — bend trunk side-right (two counts) — bend trunk side-left (two counts) — arms in position outward — ai;d arms down — in 8 counts — Begin ! (Fig. 7) 2. The same, except beginning trunk move- ment at the left — in 8 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2, — in 16 counts. IFig. 7. — Trunk in position side-left, arms in position upwards. POLES. 25 LESSON 5. VERTICAL POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. Note: Begin each lesson with a short drill on the positions of the arms, reviewing all familiai- ppsitions Hands on hips — Place ! 1. Vertical position, rig-ht arm upward, left arm downward — Place ! The right arm is thrust into position upward, the left arm into position downward,, simultaneously. 2. Arms in opposite position — Place ! ' The right arm is lowered through the side right position into position downward,- — the left arm is raised through the side-left position into position upward — simultaneously. 3. Hands on hips — Place ! Arms down — Place ! In place — Rest ! FOOT EXERCISE. . The Direct Step-Positions , Note: The foot is placed in the position of stepping ; the step, however, is not taken, the loot is- brought hack again and the heels closed. Henq^ the term step-position. There.- ' are six direct step-positions. In position — Stand ! ■ 1. Right foot in step-position forward — Place ! The weight of the body is thrown upon the left foot; the right foot is moved forward, and placed in the step-position: the heel is raised, the ankle straight- ened and the toe touches the floor; the toe ;is turned outward as in the funda- mental position; the knee is straight and rigid. The body is kept straight and still. Note: In all of the step-positions the relative position of the feet is not changed. Heels closed — Place ! The foot is brought back and the heels closed. The weight of the body is now again equally over both feet. 2. L,eft foot in Step-position forward— Place ! Heels closed — Place !. 3. Right foot in step-position backward — Place ! Heels closed — Place ! 4. I/eft foot in step-position backward — Place ! Heels closed — Place ! 5. Right foot in step-position side-right — Place ! Heels closed — Place ! 6. I/eft foot in step-position siderleft— Place ! Heels closed — Place ! Arms down — Place ! In place — Rest ! ARM ANU FOOT EXERCISE. In position — Stand ! 1. Arms in position outward — step-position side-left (2 counts)' — and arms down — in 4 counts- ^ Begin! (Fig. 8.) - One: The arms are placed in- position outward. Two: The left foot is placed in- ' step-position side-left. Three: The heels are closed. FOTIR : The arms are lowered. 2. Arms in position upward — step-position side-right (2 counts)/ — and arms down — in 4 counts. 3. Exercises I, and 2, — in- 8 counts. h^^ Fig. 8. Arms in position outward, left foot in step-position side-left. 26 LIGHT GYMNASTICS, LESSON 6. The Diagonal Positions of the Arms. 3Jote. — In the diagonal position of the arms outward, both arms are fully entended.. forming a straight line drawn diagonally sideways, through the shoulders Arrtis in position outward — Place ! n.. Arms in diag-onal position outward, rig-ht arm upward — Place ! (Fig. 13.) The right arm is placed midway between outward and upward, palm turned downward, the left arm is placed midway between outward and downward, the palm turned downward, . Arms in position outward — Place ! Both arm5 are placed horizontally outward. '2. Arms in diagonal position outward, left arm upward — Place ! The opposite of the first position .3. Arms in opposite position — Place ! Position No. i, Arms in position outward — Place! Hands on hips — Place ! In place — Rest ! ARM, TRUNK, AND FOOT EXERCISE. In position — Stand ! 1. Hands on hips — arms down — arms in position outwarh — hands over shoulders — arnisin position upward — handsomer shoulders — arms in position outward — and arms down — in 8 counts — Begin ! ;2. Hands on hips — bend trunk side-rig-ht, and step-position side-left (two counts) — and arms down — in 4 counts. One: The hands are placed upon the hips. ^ TwcK The trunk is bent into position side-right, and the left foot is placed in step-position Bide-left. Three: - The trunk is raised and the heels closed. Four: The arms are lowered, -3. Hands on hips — bend trunk side-left and step-position side-right — and arms down — in 4 counts. 4. Exercises 1, 2, and 3, — in 16 counts. In place — Rest ! FOOT EXERCISE. Raising Heels in Two Counts. Hands on hips — Place ! Raise both heels, in 2 counts — Beg-in ! One: The body, being kept straight and still, is raised onto the toes as high as possible; the heels remain closed, the koces rigid and closed. Two: The heels are lowered energetically, but silently. Raising Heels in One Count. Raise heels — in 1 count — 8 times — Begin The heels are raised quickly and immediately lowered again, the count beinr on the second movement The body is held straight and still Ind is raised onto thf toes as h,gh as possible; both movements are to be executed energetically- the heiSs . are lowered silently. The exercise is repeated eight times. B n=»"y. me DMs -Arms down — Place ! xirv POLES. , 27 LESSON 7. The Right- Anguxar Positioks of the Arms. Hands on hips — Place ! . 1. Arms in angular position outward, -rig-ht arm \/^ downward — Place ! ' ' ^ K^ Right arm in position downward (palm inward.) Left arm in position outward (palm downward.) AngnUr Positions. ^^^^^ ^^ j^jp^ _ pj^^^^ , - 2. Arms in opposi te position — Place ! Left arm in position downward (palm inward.) ,^ Right arm in position outward (palm downward.) Hands over shoulders — Place ! 3. Arms in angular position outward, right arm upward — Place ! Right arm in position upward (palm outward.) ^ Left arm in position outward (palm downward.) Hands over shoulders — Place ! 4. Arms in opposite position — Place ! Left arm in position upward (pslm outward.) Right arm in position outward (palm downward.) Hands on hips Place ! In place — Rest ! STEPPING. Forward, Backward and Sideways. Note: In stepping, with the exception of sideways to the right, the left foot is invariably advanced. In tactic exercises, the command of execution is invariably: marcTll that of stopping: halt ! In position — Stand ! 1. One step forward (two counts) — March ! One, The left foot is advanced forward and placed upon the floor. Two, The right foot is brought forward and "placed beside the left. 2. One step backward (two counts) — March ! One, The left foot is moved backward. Two, The right foot is moved back- ward and placed beside the left. 3. One step side-left (two counts) — March ! One, The left foot is moved sideways to the left and placed-upon the floor. Two, The right foot is moved sideways to the left and placed beside the left foot. 4. Two st^ps side-left (four counts) — March ! Same as two single side-steps. 5. One step side- right (two counts) — March ! One, The right foot is moved sideways to the right and placed upon the floor. Two, The left foot is moved sideways to the right, and placed beside the right foot. 6. Two steps side-right (four counts) — March ! Same as two single sidesteps. 28 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 8. THE OBLIQUE STEP POSITIONS . The oblique step-positions are midway between the forward and side, and the backward and side; direct step-positions. In all other particulars they are the same as the direct stej>-positions. a. 1. Right foot in oblique step-position forward — PlaceH f^^^L In position — Stand ! (the heels are closed.) 1^ W ^ 2. L,eft foot in oblique step-position forward — Place ! In position — Stand ! Rig-ht foot in oblique step-position backward — Placet '^ Obligue step-position forward right. Oblique step-position. ba{:kward right. In position — Stand ! I/eft foot in oblique step-position backward — Placet In position — Stand ! In place — Rest ! 5. AR.M AND FOOT EXERCISE WITH STEPPING. In position — Stand ! Hands on hips — '■ Place ! One step forward (2 counts) and thrust arms downward (2 counts^ — in 4 counts — Begin ! One step side-left (2 counts) and raise heels (2 counts) — in 4 counts- One step backward (2 counts) . — and thrust arms outward (2 counts) — in 4 cotlnts . One step side-right (2 counts) — and raise heels (2 counts) — in 4- counts. Exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4, in 16 counts. In place — Rest ! BENDING KNEES. In position — Stand ! Hands on hips — Place! Bend knees, in two counts — Begin ! One, Both knees are'bent equally midway between forward and outward; the- feet remain firmly on the floor. The trunk and head are held erect on the hips. The knees when bent are ,' directly over the toes. Two, The knees are straight- ened and closed. Note; Bending the knees is an important exercise and should be given frequently in connection with arm, leg and trunk movements. In place — Rest ! ARM AND KNEE EXERCISE. In position — Stand ! Anns in position outward — bend- knees (2 counts) — and arms down — in 4 counts — Begin! (Fig. 9.) The same except arms in positon upward — in 4 counts. Exercises 1, and 2 — in 8 counts. Fig. 9. Knees bent, arms in position outward. POLES. 29. LESSON 9. The Oblique Positions of the Arms. Hands on hips — Place! Arms in oblique position downward - - Place! (Fig-. 10.) The right arm is placed midway between vertical downward alid horizontal side-right; the left arm is placed midway between vertical downward and horizontal side-l$ft. Both palms are turned downward. The movements of the arms are simultaneous. Oblique downward . Oblique upward. Hands on hips — Place! Arms in oblique position upward ■ Place! The right arm is placed midway between vertical upward and horizontal side-right; the left arm is placed midway between vertical upward and horizontal side-left; both palms are turned outward. Hands on hips — Place! In place — Rest! ARlVt AND FOO V E.XERCISE. 1. In position — Stand! Armsinobliqueposi. down, and raise heels (lc.)(Fig-. 10.) — hands on hips and lower heels (1 count) — hands over shoulders — arms in oblique position upward — hands over shoul- ders — handson hips — arms in oblique position downward and raise heels (1 count) — arms down and lower heels (1 count) — in 8 counts — Begin! 2. Arms in position outward and oblique step-position forward right (1 count) — arms in position upward and close heels (1 count) — arms in position outward and oblique step- position forward left (1 count) — arms down and close heels (1 count) — in 4 counts. 3. Same as exercise 2, except oblique Fig. lo.-Arms in oblique position down- gtep-position backward — in 4 counts, ward, heels raised. .^ ^ 4. 1. -.3. Exercises 1, 2, and 3, in 16 counts. In place — Rest! ARU AND TRUNK EXERCISE. (Rocking Trunk.) in position — Stand! ^ - ^ Arms in position outward — hands on hips — bend trunk in position side-rig-ht — rock trunk left and righ^ (2 counts) — raise trunk — arms in position outward — and arms down — in 8 counts — Begin ! In roclting the trunk, the trunk is bent from one of the side positions into the opposite without pausing in the uptight position. The same, except beginning the trunk movement at the left — in 8 counts. Exercises 1 and 2 alternately — in 16 counts. 3° LIGHT GYMNASTICS. O-. .A LESSON 10. THE CROSS-STEPPOSITION. ' ' ;in the'ctpss-steppositions, the stepping foot crosses the straight (imaginary 1 or real) line drawn from the heels forward, or backward. In othfr particu- lars the cross-stepposition is the same as the direct-slepposition.~ The body is not moved and its weight rests entirely on the standing limb : both knees are straight and rigid ; the heel of the stepping foot is raised. Hands on hips — Place! Oross-stepposition forward right. 1. Right foot in crosS-stepposition forward — Place! The right foot is placed in the position shown in the diagram. Heels closed — Stand! 2. Left foot in cross-stepposition forward — Place! (Fig.-ll.) The left foot is placed in front of the right foot. Heels closed — Stand! 3. Right foot in cross-stepposition backward — Place! The right^foot is placed behind^tbe left foot : the heel of the right footjs raised and is opposite the left toe. The right toe is opposite the leftheel. Heels closed — Stand! 4. Left foot in cross-stepposiMon Place! The left foot is placed in position behind the right foot. backward Cross-stepposition backward right. Heels closed — Stand! Note.^Next give each of the above . positions as an exercise in 2 counts, the hrst count being the position, the second closing heels. Lastly, combine all of the positions in 8 counts. Arms down — Place! In place — Rest! Arm, Foot and Knee Exercise. In position — Stand! Arms in position outward and bend knees (1 count) — hands on hips and straighten knees (1 count) — hands over shoul- ders — arms in position up- ward — arms in oblique position upward and cross- stepposition forward left (1 count) {Fig. 12.) — arms in position outward and close heels (1 count) — hands on hips — and arms down — in 8 counts — BeginI 2. The same, except oross-stepposition forward right — in 8 counts 3. Exercises 1 and 2 — in 16 counts. ' - Left foot in Cross-stepposition forward — h.inds on hips. POLES. LESSON II. THEDIRECT LONGE. The Longe Forward. Hands on hips — Place ! •l/oug-e forward rig-bt, in 2 counts — Begin! At Onb: The right foot is advanced directly forward a distance of about two normal steps ; the whole foot is planted firmly upon the floor, the toe turned oiitward; the knee bends quickly, but gradually. The left foot is not moved ; the left knee is kept straight and rigid. The trunk is moved forward, but is held erect and still on the hips. The head is held straight and still. The weight of the body is over the right (bent) knee. At Two : The body is brought back to the starting position. The' movement is rather slow and qo noise should be made. , 2. LfOnge forward left, in 2 counts. 3. J-iOnge forward right and left, in 4 Fig. 12. Cross-stepposition forward left, heels raised, arms in oblique position upward. counts. Arms down — Place! In place — Rest! The Longe Sideways . - In position — Stand! Hands on hips — Place! 1. Ivonge side-right, in 2 counts — Begin! (see Fig. 13.) The step is taken directly to the side, and the body, without changing its position, moved to the side. In other respects, the same as longe forward: 2. I/onge side-left, in 2 counts. 3. Ivonge side-right — and left, in 4 counts. Arms down — Place! In place — Rest! The Longe Backward. The longe backward is the most difficult of the three direct longes, and requires especial attention and practice. It is in every particular the reverse of the longe forward. _ In position — Stand! -Hands on hips — Place! 1. I/onge backward right, in 2 counts — Began! 2. Longe backward left, in 2 counts. 3. Longe backward right — and left, in 4 counts. Arms down — Place! 3^ LIGHT GYMNASTICS. ^^ot"^ LESSON 12. LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. 1. Hands on hips — long'e side-right and arms in diagonal position out- ward, right arm upward (1 count) (Fig. 13,) — recover, and hands on hips (1 count) — and arns do^u — in , 4 counts — Begin! - Recover = The reverse movement of the longe. . The same, except opposite longe, and opposite diagonal position — in 4 counts. Longe sideways left, and diagonal position outward, left arm upward. . Exercises 1 and 2 — in 8 counts. In place — Rest! Fig. 13.— Longe side-right, arms in diagonal position outward, right arm upward. The Direct Longe- Re verse. In position — Stand! Hands qn hips — Place! 1. I/onge-reverse forward right, in 2 counts — Begin! One : The body sinks down in the left knee, and the right foot moves forward into stepposiuon forward, but again as far as in the stepposition with bodi knees straight. The entire weight of the body is over the bent (left) knee. Head and trunk are held erect; the right knee remains straight and the heel of the right foot is raised. Iwo: The lelt knee is straightened and the heels dosed. 2. Longe-reverse forward left. The right knee bends and the left foot is placed in stepposition forward. 3. Lionge-reverse side-right. The left knee bends and the right foot is placed in stepposition side-right 4. Longe-reverse side-left. The right knee bends and the leftfoot is placed in stepposition side-left. 5. I/onge-reverse backward-right. The left knee bends and the right foot is placed in stepposition backward-riifht. 6. L,X)nge-reverse backward-left. The right knee bends and the left foot is placed in stepposition backward-left Arms down — Place! In place — Rest! LEG, ARlVr AND HEAD EXERCISE. The Obi.ique-Longe and Turning Head. forwJrdln^^MSIL""^™"? 'i""' ""' "Wique-steppositions. are midway between forward and sideways, and sideways and backward. The body is not turned and in every particular except the direction, they are like the direct longM »../ ^^'"^ HKAD, the head makes a quarter turn on its Dernendicular axis. At the second count, the head is turned to the front. perpenaicuiar axis. In position — Stand! ^' ^^tui-^ ^l^}^'^"" ?,"*^?^^ - obliq 2. The same with left leg — in 4 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2 — in 8 counts. "In place ■ — Rest! CrosS'Ionge forward right. TRUNK, LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. (Bending Trunk Forward and Backward.) In position — Stand! 1. Hands on hips (1 count) — arms in position outward (1 count) — bend knees (2 counts). — bend trunk obliquely forward* (2 counts) — hands on hips (1 count) — and arms down (1 count) — in 8 counts. 2. The same, except bending trunk backward t — in 8 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2 — in 16 counts. * At the first count: Thtf trunk is bent obliquelv forward: the knees remain straight and closed, and the feet firmly on the floor; the head and neck are on a line with the trunk; the eyes are cast downward. At the second count: The trunk is raised into the upright position. ' t At the first count; The trunk is bent backward as far as possible without bend- ing or opening the knees; the head also is gradually bent backward with the trunk. The eyes are cast upward. . At the second count: The trunk and head are raised into the upright position. THE CROSS-LONGE-REVERSE. The cross-longe-reverse is identical with cross-stepposition and bending the knee of the standing limb. Hoth movements are taken simultaneously. The following are the cross-longe-reverses ; use them with other movements. 1. Cross-longe-reverse forward right. 2. Cross-longe-reverse forward left. 3. Cross-longe-reverse backward right. 4. Cross-longe-reverse backward left. POLES. 35 > Fig. 3. 4. 5. 7. 8. 9. LESSON 15. LEG, FOOT AND ARM EXERCISES. Sounding Heels. Arms in position outward (1 count) — sound heels * (1 count) — longe side-right and arms in fposition upward (1 count) — (remain- ing- in the long-e position) arms in ppsition outward (1 count) — arms in position upward (1 count) — recover and arms in position outward (1 count) — sound heels* (1 count) — and arms down (1 count) — in 8 counts — Begin! * Sounding Heels; Raising and lowering heels quickly in i coui^t. The same except longe side-left — 'in 8 counts. Exercises 1 and 2 in 16 oounts. ^ In place — Rest! In position — Stand! 1. Right hand on hip (1 count) — left arm in oblique position upward (1 count) — cross-stepposition forward right and left, bending both knees and raising both heels (4 counts) (Fig. IS) — left hand on hip (1 count) — and arms down (1 count) — in 8 counts. 2. L,onge forward-right, and arms in position fy''t''tt outward (1 count) — arms in position "■ ;X downward (1 count) — arms in position outward (1 count) — and recover and arms down (1 count) — ^ in 4 counts. ij.^Cross-stepposition forward left, knees ben I, heels raised, left arm in flblique position upward; right hand on hip. The same, except longe forward left — in 4 counts. - ' Exercises 1, 2 and 3 in 16 counts. Left hand on hip (1 count) — right arm in oblique position upward ' (1 count) cross-stepposition backward right and left with bending both knees and raising both heels (4 counts) — right hand on hip (1 count) -^ and arms down (1 count) — in 8 counts. Longe backward right and arms in position outward (1 Count) — arms in position upward (1 count) — arms in position outward (1 count) — recover and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts. The same, except longe backward left — in 4 counts. Exercises 5, 6, and 7 in 1 6 counts. Exercises 4 and 8 in 32 counts. 3^ WGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 16. THE BALANCE - STEPPOSITION . Balance-Longe-Reverse . In the balance-steppositions and balance-longe-reverses the stepping foot does not touch the floor, but is held immediately over it. The body balances on the standing limb. Before using these movements in combinations, drill separately on each of the following: Balauce-stepposition forward right and left. Balance-stepposition. backward right and left. Balance-stepposition sideways right and left. Balanceoblique-steppositiou forward right and left. Balance-oblique-stepposition backward right and left. Balan(;e-Cross-stepposition forward right and left. Balance-cross-stepposition backward right and left. Balance-longe-reverse forward right and left. Balance longe-reverse backward right and left. Balance-longe-reverse sideways right and left. Balance-oblique-longe-reverse forward right and left. Balance-oblique-longe-reverse backward right and left. Balance cross-longe-reverse forward right and left. Balance-eross-longe-reverse backward right and left. LEG, TRUNK, AND ARM EXERCISE. Turning Trunk: The trunk is turned sideways right and left on its perpendicular axis. 1. Balance - oblique longe-reverse forward right, and arms in position outward (1 count) — arms in position upward (1 count) — arms in position outward (1 count) TT- and recover and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts — Begin! 2. The odd numbers let go of the left pole, longe side-right, turn trunk side-right, bend head backward, and place right arm in oblique position upward — the even num- bers let go of the right pole, long* side-left, turn trunk side-left, bend head backward, and place left arm in oblique position up- ward (all in 1 count) — and all recover grasping the other pole (1 count) — in two counts. Fig. ■J*!i><.''y i6 —Longe (sideways) outward, trunk turned outward, head bowed backward. outer arm in oblique position upward, and inner hand on hip. Same as exercise 1, except balance-oblique-longe-reverse forward lett — in 4 counts. Same as exercise 2, except all reverse their exercise — in 2 counts. Exercises 1 once - 2 twice - 3 once - and.4 twice - in 1 6 counts. %i)<^^r^- THE DUMB-BELLS, THIRD GRADE AND DPWARDS, THE DUMB-BELLS. — hands over shoulders (1 count) — and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts — Begin! 2. Hands on hips (1 count) — bend trunk side-right (1 count) — raise trunk (1 count) — • and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts. For bending trunlc movement see page 24 3. Exercises 1, and 2 in 8 counts. 4. . Exercise 2 to the left, in 4 counts. 5. Exercises 1, and 4 in 8 counts. 6. Exercises 3, and S in 1 6 counts. In place — Rest! ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE. In position — Stand! T 1. Arms in position outward (1 count) — hands over shoulders (1 coant) — raise heels (2 counts) — arms in position outward (1 count) — arms down (1 count) ^- raise heels (2 counts,) — in 8 counts — Begin! -- Note; — For raising heel movement, see page 26. 2. Arms in position outward and raise heels (1 count) — hands o,ver shoulders (1 count) — arms in position upward (1 count) — hands over shoulders (1 count) — arms in position Upward (1 count) — hands over shoulders (1 count) — arms .in position outward (1 count) — arm.s down and lower heels (1 count) — in 8 counts. 3. Exercises 1, and 2 — in 16 counts. Note. — Which ever position of the bells you should choose for the different arm positions, be sure to have uniformity. 44 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 5. KNEE, FOOT, AND ARM EXERCISE. Fundamental position. Arms in position outward (1 count) — bend knees (2 counts) (see Fig-. 9.) — and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts — Begin! ,; , Note: For bending, knee movement, see page ag. ■ ' ' Hands over head (arms raised forward) (1 count) — raise heels (2 counts) — and arms down (lowered forward) (1 count) — in 4 counts. Exercises 1, and 2 — in 8 counts. In place — Rest! HEAD, ARM, AND FOOT EXERCISE. In position — Stand! 1. L,eft hand over shoulder, right arm in position side-right (1 count) — turn head side-right (2 counts) — and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts — Begin! 2. Right- hand over shoulder, left arm in position side-left (Fig. 23) (1 count) — turn head side-left (2 counts) — and arms down (1 count) — in 4 counts. 3. Exercises 1, and 2 in 8 counts. Fig. 23.— Right hand over shoulder — left arm in position side-left. 4. Arms in position forward (1 count) — hands over head (1 count) — sound heels, twice, (2 counts) — arms in position forward (1 count) — arms down (1 count) — and sound heels twice, (2 counts) — in 8 counts. SouNDiNc Heels: See page 26 and 35. £. Exercises 3, and 4 in 16 counts. DUMB-BELLS. 45 LESSON 6. c THE VERTICAL POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. ^9e also page' 35.) ■ ^ ' Hands on hips — Place! 1. Arms in vertical position, rig-ht arm upward, (left arm downward) — Place! Hands over shoulders — Place! 2. Arms in vertical position, left arm upward, (rig-ht arm downward) — Place! Arms in position outward — Place! In place — Rest! Note. — For positions of bells, see page 39. FACINGS. Quarter, Eighth and Half Turns to the Right and Left. 'ISoTE. — All turqs, whether to the right or left, are performed in the following manner. At the command "face ! " the weight of the body is thrown upon the left heel, both toes are slightly raised, and, the turn is executed by turning on the left heel. After the turn, the toes are lowered and the weight of the body rests equally on both feet. In position — Stand! ' ^ Right — Face! A quarter turn to the right. When the class is facing to the right or left, or obliquely to the right or left (eighth turn) from the instructor, the command: Front — Face! . May be given. The pupils face the instructor. lyeft — Face! A quarter turn to the left. Front — Face! Half-right — Face! An eighth turn to the right. Front — Face! Half -left — Face! . An eighth turn to the left. Front — Face! Right about — Face! A half turn to the right. Left about — Face! A half turn to the left. In place — Rest! ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE WITH F.ACtNG. In position — Stand! 1. Hands on hips — right face — sound heels — arms in position down- ward — ar;fi.s in position forward — hands over shoulders — arms in position outward — and arms down — in 8 counts — four times (32 counts) — Begin! 2. The same except left face. Note. — For sounding heels, see page 35. 46 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 7. THE SLANTING POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. In the stanting positions both arms have the same position and the same slant, and the arms are parallel to each other. The positions are given here in one lesson, but it is not necessary to teach them all at one time. 1. Arms in slant position forward-upward — Place! The arms are placed midway between the positions upward and forward. The arms are parallel and slant upward. Hands on hips — Place! 2. Arms in slant position forward-downward — Place! The arms are placed midway between the positions forward and downward. V Arms down — Place! 3. Arms in slant position backward — Place! The arms arc moved backward into a position midway between y7 / / Nv >^ 1 ne arms are movea oacKwara into a posit y( S,^ ^ N \C ^ ' downward and horizontally backward. %,^ >cr Hands over shoulders — Place! 4. Arms' in slant position side-rig-ht, upward Slanting Positions . — Place! The right arm, fully extended is placed midway between horizontal side-right and upward, the palm turned downward. The left arm is bent at the elbow, the elbow placed opposite the left shoulder, and the left forearm on the same slant with the right arm. The left forearm and the extended right arm are parallel. Hands on hips, — Place! 5. Arms^in slant position side-right, downward — Place! The arms as described under position 4, are placed in -^ position^idway between horizontal side-right and downward . Hands over head — Place! 6. Arms in slant position side-left, upward — Place! The opposite of side-right upward, the left arm being extended and the right arm bent. Hands at sides — Place! 7. Arms in slant position side-left, downward — Place! The opposite of side-right downward, the left arm is extended and the right arm bent. Hands over shoulders — Place! Arms down — Place! Note.— The slanting positions miv be taken from any ot the other positions as illustrated in this lesson. As soon as your pupils are familiar with these positions, give exercises in which the arms are thrust, or raised into the diffjrent slanting positions. Position D, of the bells (page 39) looks best in the slanting positions. DUMB-BELLS 47 LESSON 8. TRUNK, ARM, AND KNEE EXERCISE. 1. Hands on hips — arms in position outward — bend trunk side right (2 counts) — bend trunk side-left (2 counts) — hands on hips — and arms down — in 8 counts — Beg-in! Arms in position outward — hands over head — bend knees twice (4 counts) — arms in position outward — and arms down — in 8 counts. Exercises 1 and 2 in 16 counts. In place — Rest! Fig. 24. Trunk in position side-right. Note.— For bending knee movement see page 28. arms in position outward. ARM EXERCISE. Striking Bells (Horizontally.) In position — Stand! 1. Arms in position forward (palms downward) — in position outward ' (palms downward) — in position forward, striking- bells — in position outward — in position upward, (palm.s forward) striking bells — in position outward (palms downward) — in position forward, striking bells — and arms down — in 8 counts — Begin! The hells should strike softly. 2. Hands on hips — under shoulders — over shoulders — over head — and reverse order — in 8 counts. The phrase ''reverse order." means to reverse the movements expressed in the command and the order of the movements. In this case the reverse order would be : Hands over shoulders — under shoulders — on hips — and arms down. 3. E/xercises 1 and 2, in 16 counts. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 9. THE OBLIQUE POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. >blique positions, the arms slant outward from the body; each arm has a different slant, nd each arm is either midway Detween : a) a vertical and a horizontal position; 4) two orizontal positions ; or c) two obliijue positions, (see also page 29.) lands on hips — Place! rms in oblique position downward — Place! -The right arm is placed midway between vertical downward and horizontal side-right: the left arm is placed midway between vertical down- ward and horizontal side-left. The movements of the arms are simultaneous. /^ ue downward . Hands over shoulders — Place! Arms in oblique position upward — Place! 'I he right arm is placed midway between vertical upward "and y horizontal fide-right; the left arm is placed midway between vertical V y"^ upward and horizontal side-left. (Fig. 25. page 49.) ^ Hands on hips — Place! 3. Arms in oblique position forward — Place! que upward. The right arm is placed midway between horizontal forward and horizontal side-right, the left afm is placed in the same position on the left side. Lands over head — Place! Lrms in oblique position upward — Place! ^rms in oblique position forward-upward — Place! Without changing the ailgle ot the arms, or the position of hands, the arms are moved downward to a point midway between oblique position upward and oblique position forward. .rms in oblique position forward — Place! Lrms in oblique position forward-downward — Place! ~ Without changing the angle of the arms, or the position of the hands, the arms. are moved downward to a point midway between oblique position forward and oblique position downward. Lrms in oblique position downward — Place! Lrms in oblique position backward — Place! Without changing the angle of the arms, or the position of the hands, the arm& are moved backward to a point midway between vertical downward and horizontal backward. *he order of the six oblique positions, begfinning with the upward, is as follows: 1. Oblique position upward — opposite vertical upward. 2. Oblique position forward-upward — opposite slant forward- upward, 3. Oblique position forward — opposite horizontal forward. 4. Oblique position forward-downward — opposite slant for ward-do wnwara.. 5. Oblique position downward — opposite vertical downward. 6. Oblique position backward — opposite slant backward. —For positions of the bells, see page 39. DUMB-BELLS. 49 LESSON 10. THE DIRECT-STEPPOSITIONS. Direct-steppositions, page 25. Oblique positions o< the arms, page 48. Positions oi the bells, page 39. Hands on hips .- Foot and Arm Exercise.* Placel 1. Stepposition side-right and thrust arms into oblique position upward — in 2 counts — Begin! (Fig. 25.) One: The right foot is placed in stepposition side- right, and the arms in oblique position upward. Two; The heels are closed and the hands placed on the hips. Stepposition side-left and thrust arms into oblique position downward — in 2 counts. Szercises 1 and 2 — in 4 counts. Arms in position outward. and raise heels (1 count) — arms in position upward and ■ lower heels (1 count) — arms in position out- ward and raise heels (1 count) — arms down and lower heels (1 count) — in 4 counts. Exercises 3 and 4 in 8 counts. Fig. 25. Right foot in steppo- sition side-right, amis in oblique position upward. In place — Rest! STEPPING. Forward, Backward, and Sideways. Jf OTE. — In stepping, with the exception of sideways to the right, the left foot is invariably advanced. In tactic exercises, the command of .execution is: "march;" that of stopping: "halt!" In position — Stand! 1. One step forward (2 counts) — March! One: The left foot is advanced forward -and placed upon the floor. Two: The right foot is brought forward and placed beside the left. 2. Two steps forward (3 counts) — March! One: The left foot is advanced. Two: The right foot is advanced and placed in front of the left. Three: The left foot is brought forward and placed beside the right ;, 3. One step backward (2 counts) — March! \ One : The left foot is moved backward. Two: The right foot is moved back- ward and placed beside the left. 4. Two steps backward (3 counts) — March ! One: The left foot is moved backward. Two; The right foot is moved backward and placed behind the left. Three: The left foot is moved backward and placed beside the right. 3. One step side-left (2 counts) — March! One: The left foot^is moved sideways to the left and, placed upon the floor. Two: The right foot is inoved sideways to the left and-placed beside the left foot. 6. Two steps side-left (4 counts) — March! Same as two single side-steps. 7. One step side-right (2 counts) — March! One: The right foot is moved sideways to the right and placed upon the floor. Two: The left foot is moved sideways to the right, and placed beside the right foot. 5. Two steps side-right (4 counts) — March! Same as two single side steps. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON II. THE OBLIQUE-STEPPOSITIONS. —For oblique-stspposition and bending knees, see page 28. Foot, Knee and Arm Exercise. lands on hips — Place! blique-stepposition forward right and left (4 counts) — arms ia position outward (1 count) — bend knees and hands over head (1 count) — straighten knees and arms in position outward (1 count) — and hands on hips (1 count) — in 8 counts — Begin! Mie same, except obliqule-stepposition backward — in 8 counts. ixercises 1 and 2, in 16 counts. a place — Rest! 1 position ^ Stand! A Marching Exercise in the Class-Room. Note.— For marking time, see page 17; Marching, page zi; Facing, page 45. Girls. Boys. Boys. Girls. Row I. Row 3, Row 3. Row 4. ing your class to be arranged according to the above diagram, the following drill will serve show how the class maybe handled in the school-room. When you have arranged the ilass, give the following commands: the march the bells may also be placed on hips or in other positions. Row 1, right-about — Face! 21ass, mark time — March! Sow 4, forward — March! All in row 4 begin the forward march with the left foot. They march across the room in front otrows 2 and 3 and join row i. Jow 1, forward (around the room in a square) — March! Sow 3, forward — March! Row 3 marches behind row 4. Sow 2, forward — March! Row 2 marches behind row 3. The class is now arranged in one"flank rank, and marches around the room (in a square) several times. During the march give the fallowing commands . (dark time — March! All stop marching forward and mark the time. :;iass — Halt! (see page 17.) «Iark time — March! forward — March! :iass — Halt! . , '^'^^ command "haltl" is given the instant the left foot is placed on the floor: the right foot IS then brought forward and placed beside the left-and the heels closed. forward — March! ■ A!' 'r"","!' °^ promptly with the left foot. When you wish to close the exercise, give the lollowing commands: ^'^wi^H^'i® *°* ^^'^'^ '■°^) march down your own. aisles! When the leader;! arrive at'the places from which they started, all in the row mark time. Jass — Halt! Give the command -halt I " when all rows have arranged in their aisles. COW 1, right-about — Face! The class is now arranged as in the diagram. DUMB-BELLS. 51 LESSON 12. A BREATHING EXERCISE. NoTK,— A breathing exercise Cif possible, out-of-duors) should be givdn the children daily. Great . care should be taken that the children breathe properly. The most important thing in the act of breathinc: is the proper use of the diaphragm, a large, thick muscle, which separates the chest from the abdomen. It has the form of an arch, and its convex projects into the chest The act of breathing begins with the contraction of this muscle. As the lungs fill ■• with air, the chest expands, the chest muscles assisting, by pushi'ng the ribs outward. The air is expelled from the lungs by the relaxation of the diaphragm and the chest muscles." Breathing is, to a great extent, an involuntary act, and is generally carried on without any exertion on our part. - The powers of the breathing muscles, hQ,wever, can be greatly augmented; by -our will we excite them to their utmost capacity. This should be done in gymnastics. It does not lie within the scope of this work to give any instructions in anatomy, or physiology. Teachers should be sufficiently acquainted with these sciences to apply their general laws to gymnastics. Fundamental position. 1. Inhale (through the nostrils) and raise arms into position outward, slowly, through 8 counts ^ and exhale (throug-h the nostrils) and lower arms, slowly, through 8 counts — together in 16 counts '— Begin! 2. ■ Inhale (through the nostrils) and raise arms into position outward? slowly, through 8 counts — hold the breath, and the outward position of the arms through 8 counts — and exhale (through the nostrils) and lower the arms, slowly, through 8 counts — all in 24 counts — Begin I In place — Rest! TRUNK, FOOT AND ARM EXERCISE. TuftNiNG Trunk. In position — Stand! Turn trunk side-right ^ in 2 counts — Begin ! One: The trunk and head are turned quarter-ways around to the right. The feet are not moved, and the knees remain straight and rigid. Two: The* trunk and head are turned into the front position. Stepposition side-right ^ in 2 counts — Begin! Next, combine exercises I and 2, successively, in 4 counts; then simultaneousfy, in 2 counts. One: The trunk is turned into position side-right, and the right foot is placed in stepposition side-right. The left foot remains firmly on the floor. Two: The trunk is turned to the front and the heels closed. Raise arms forward, in 2 counts. Before attempting to combine exercise 1, 2 and 3 simultaneously, drill on the following combin-' atious. a) The trunk and arm movements in 4 counts. if) The trunk and arm movements in 2 counts. The arms are raised forward to the side as shown in Fig. 26. The foot and arm movements in 4 counts. Fig. ^z6. Trunk turned in ,, .position side-right, tight : foot in steppisition si^e-right, and arms in position forward, to the ' right. <:) d) The foot and arm movements, in 2 counts . e) The trunk, foot and arm movements successively, in 6 counts. Exercises 1, 2 and 3 simultaneously, in 2 counts. Fig-. 26. LIGHT GYMNASTICS a upward . LESSON 13. ■THE DIAGONAL POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. diagonal positions of the arms, both arms are fully extended, forming a straight line Irawn diagonally sideways, or forward and backward through the shoulders, rms in position outward — Place! / rms in diagonal position outward, right arm upward — Place/ The right arm is placed midway between outward and upward, the .. left arm is placed midway between outward and downward. V %. Arms in position outw.ard — Place! \> ^ Both arms are placed horizontally outward. I 2. Arms in diagonal position outward, left arm up- ward — Place! -The opposite of the fir»t position. "LS^'r "^'" Hands on hips - Place! 3. Arms in diag'onal position forward, right arm upward — Place! The right arm is placed in slant position forward- upward, the left arm in ^ "^ slant position backward. ^ . Note. — When changing from OBe position to another of the same order, ^ the command may be abbreviated. 4. Arms in opposite position — Place! The right arm is swung downward through the downward position and placed in slant position backward. The left arm is swung forward lal position, left and placed in slant position forward-upward. The movements of both m upward. arms are simultaneous. .rms down — Place! 1 place — Rest! — Invent new order of changes, using all the simple and complex positions. Also give arm :xercises in which thrusting, moving or raising the arms into the diagonal positions >ccur. TRUNK AND ARIM EXERCISE. Rocking Trunk, Striking Bells. g the head, trunk, hands, or shoulders, frcm one position into the opposite, without stopping n the upright, or natural position, is called rocking. 1 position — Stand! Lands on hips — arms in position outward (palms downward) — bend trunk into position side-right and hands over head, bells parallel (1 count) — rock trunk left and right (2 counts) — trunk in upright pos. and arms in position outward (palms downward) (1 count) — hands on hips — and arms down — in 8 counts — Begin! Lrms in position outward (palms downward) — arms in position forward, bells in oblique-position side-left, (Fig. 19, pos. C.) — striking bells (upper right, and lower left bell) (1 count) — strike bells in opposite position of bells (1 count) — arms in position outward (palms downward) — arms is position upward (palms forward) striking bells (1 count) — hands over shoulders — hands on hips — and arms down — in 8 counts. (Xercises 1 and 2, in 16 counts. DUMB-BELLS. 53 LESSON 14. y ^S The Right- Angular Positions of the arms. Note. — It is not necessary to teach all of these positions at one time. If your class can take all of them, ia any connection whatever, at the end of the school year, you have carried out the plan of this manual. The complex positions are given here and elsewhere together, in order that you may have a better oversight. . Arrange the positions of the bells carefully. See Fig. ig,. \iiy Angular Positions. Hands on hips — Place! 1. Arms in angular position forward, rig-ht arm downward — Place! The right arm is placed m position downward; the left arm is placed in position forward. Both arms move simultaneously. NOTB. — It is nejessiry to ^ive o.ily tie p)iitiin of one arm in th; conamind- Whe i your ' pupils are first learning these- positions yoi may include in the command th^ position of the ^\ ';. Other arm also. To mike the psituon quit<± clear give the position of each arm sep irately. For example, 1. Right arm in position downward — Place! 2. Left arm in position forward — Place! 2. Arms in angular position forward, left arm downward — Place! The opposite of position i. Left arm in position downward. Right arm in position forward. Note. — When two positions of the same kind immediately follow each other, the command may be shortened, or abbreviated. In this instance the tollowing command may be used: Arms in opposite 4>osiuon — Place! Hands on hips — Place! 3. Arms in angular position forward, right arm upward ^- Place! Right arm in position upward. Left arm in position forward. Hands over shoulders — Pl^ce! 4. Arms in opposite position — Place! Left arm in position upward. Right arm in position forward . Hands on hips — Place ! . 5. Arms in angTilar position outward, right arm downward — Place! Right arm in position dowjiward. Left arm in position outward. Hands over head — Place! <6. Arms in opposite position — ■ Place! • Left arm in position downward. Right arm in position outward. Hands on hips — Place! 7. Arms in angular position outward, right arm upward — Place! Right arm in position upward. Left arm in position outward. Hands over shoulders — Place! 8. Arms in opposite position — Place! Left arm in position upward. Right arm in position outward. Hands on hips — Place! 9." Arms in angular position outward, right arm forward — Place! Right arm in position forward. Left arm in position outward. Hands over head— Place! 10. Arms in opposite position — Place! j^eft arm in position forward. Right arm in position outward. Arms down — Place! ^ Note.— The, angular positions may be taken from any other position of the arms. i4 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 15. ARM EXERCISES. I. Turning Arms. Arms in position forward, palms downward — Placel Turn arms outward, in 2 counts — Begin! Oae: The arms, remaining in the parallel-hoijzontal position, are tmned (twisted) outward until the palms are turned upward. Two: The arms are turned back into the starting position. Arms in position outward, palms downward — Place! Turn arms backward, in 2 counts. Same movement as exercise i. Arms in position upward, palms forward — Place! Turn arms inward, in 2 counts. Same movement as exercises i and a. Arms down, lowered forward — Place! In place — Rest! II. Rolling Arms. In position — Stand! Hands on hips — Place! Grasping the bells, arms in position outward (palms downward) — Place! When the explanatory command has been given,each hand grasps one of the bells, so that the bells may be placed in the proper position at the command of execution. Roll arms in circle forward continually, 8 times — Beg-in! Small perpendicular circles are described with the bells as shown in the cut (Fig. a/.) After the command "stop," the arms aie placed in the outward position. Hands on hips — Place! While the hands are moving towards the hips the „ n 11- '"""^^ ^™^P '''* handles of the bells. 2?. Kollmg arms in position outward. Arms down — Place! BALANCE-STEPPOSITIONS ^^XnTtr;^:^^..::?' "-r* """=" "■' "--^^'-^''^^alanceson the : nec.ionwi.harm^r:„r:„d:o..:tem'e°nts. °" '" ""= ««PP-«--. -e them in con- . DUMB-BELLS. SS LESSON le. THE CROSS-STEPPOSITIONS. Note. — For cross-stepposition see page 30. For oblique position of the arms, pflge 48. Foot and Arm Exercise. 1. Hands on hips — sound heels — cross-stepposition forward rig-ht. (2 counts) — croas-stepposition forward left (2 counts) — sound, v heels — and arms down — in 8 counts — Begrin! 2. Hands on hips — hands over shoulders — oblique position upward and raise heels (1 count) — hands on hips and lower heels (1 count) ■ — hands over shoulders — oblique position downward — hands- on hips and raise heels (1 count) — arms down and lower heels (1 count) — in 8 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2, in 16 counts. 4. Same as exercise 1, except cross-stepposition backward right and. left. 5. Exercises 4 and 2, in 1 6 counts. 6. Exercises 3 and S, in 32 counts . In place — Rest! The Direct Longe Sideways. Note — For the direct longes, see page 31. In position — Stand! Hands on hips (1 count) pause (1 count)- long-e side-rig'ht and thrust arms into- diag-onal position outward, rig-ht arm upward (1 count) (Fig. 28) — pause (1 count) — recover and hands on hips- (1 count) — pause (1 count) — arms down — pause (1 count) — in8 counts — Begin!. The same except longe side-left and- opposite arm position ^ in 8 counts. Exercises 1 and 2, in 16 counts. In place — Rest! TRUNK EXERCISE. Bowing Trunk. In position — Sta;nd! Fig. 28. Longe position side-right, arms in diagonal position outward, right arm upward. Hands on hips — Place! 1. Bow trunk side-right — in 2 counts — Begin! One: The trutik is turned to the right, and bent forward, simultaneously. Two; The- trunk -fs raised into the upright front position . The movement is slow. 2. Bow trunk side-left, in 2 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2, in 4 coixnts. Arms down — Place! JJQ.J.E Bowing trunk is -a combination of turning trunk and bending trunlc forward. Give each of these exercises alone first, then both successively and lastly simultaneously, the latter being identical with bowing trunk ^ The movement of bowing the head is similar to that of bowing the trunk. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 17. THE DIRECT LONGE-REVERSE. .—For longe-reverse movement, see page 32. Slanting positions of the arms, page 46. Leg and Arm Exercise. 1. 2. ig. Longe-reverse forward- ght, right arm in slant pes. rward-upw. left hand over loulder. Hands on hips — long-e-reverse forward, rig-ht, rig-ht arm in slant position forward- upward, left hand over shoulder (1 count) (Fig. 29)— recover and hands on hips (1 count) — and arms down — in 4 counts — Begin! The same, except longe-reverse f orward-lef^ and opposite positions of the arms — in 4 counts. Bxercises 1 and 2, in 8 counts. In place — Rest! Note — Give exercises using the side and back longe-reverses, also different positions of the arms and with bending and turning trunk, etc., etc. AklVI EXERCISE. Swinging Arms. n position — Stand! -' lands at sides (page 41) — arms in position side-right (bells hori- zpntal and parallel) — swing arms through downward positiotfi into position side-left (half-circle) (1 couit) — hands at sides -1 arms in position side-left - swing arms'through upward positionJ into -position side-right (half circle) (1 count) — haids at sides -' and arms down — in 8 counts — Begin! [ands at sides - arms in position upward (bells vertical and parallel) swing arms through forward position into slant position . backward (^ circle) (1 count) swing arms through forward? position into position upward (1 count) — swing armi into slant n°.^n,V^i^ ^^l^'^^'^^ (1 <:2"°*' - ^^'"^S ^'■■^s i'^t" position upward^ (1 count) - hands at sides — aijd arms down — in 8 counts. ' Exercises 1 and 2, in 16 counts. 11 place — Rest! < BREATHING EXERCISE. (With Free Gymnastics.) j 1 position — Stand! '?ntonnrfH^^*'?"°^*"J''*,^''^°^^ ^'il' breath, and raise arnil thrmfcrh f r °'^tr^'^"l' slowly, 8 counts - and exhale compulsivelS- through the mouth, and lower arms quickly, in 1 count — Begin he same, except raising arms outward into position upward DUMB-BELLS. 57- LESSON 18. TAKING ARM POSITIONS WHILE ON A MARCH. Note. — ^Arrange the class for inarching in flank rank, as directed on page so. Give the commands for Caking the positions as if the class were on a halt. The object in view is to give to the feet an mdependent movement from that of the arms. This exercise gives to the pupils a firm and steady step and a graceful carriage oP the body. -The following is an example of a drill of this kind. Supposing the class to be marching in a square around the room, the following or similar commands are given. A pause intervenes between. two commands. 1. Hands on hips — Place! The position is taken at the next step after the command "place" has been» given.' 2. Arms down ^- Place! 3. Hands over shoulders — Place! '■ 4. Arms in slant position forward-upward — Place! 5. Arms in slant position forward-downward — Place! 6. Hands over head — Place! 7. Hands on hips — Place! 8. Arms down — Place! etc., etc., etc. 9. Mark time — March! 10. Attention — Halt ! 11. In place — Rest! MARCHING WITH FREE GYMNASTICS. In position — Stand! 1. Take eight steps forward — striking- bells in slant position forward- downward on the first step — ^Begin! On the first of each eight steps (the left' foot) the bells are struck and on the-, second step placed in position downward During the remaining six steps the arms- remain in position downward The counting should be done silently. Repeat the: exercise several times. 2. Common walk — March! At this command the preceding exercise is stopped and the march resumed. 3. Seven steps forward (7 counts) — halt (1 count) — and halt through. 8 counts — in 16 counts — Begin! On the eighth count the heels are closed and the class comea to a halt. Then*, the class halts through 8 counts. Repeat several times. 4. Common walk — Marcfe! 5. Si^even steps forward (7 counts) — halt (1 count) — hands on hips. ; and arms down, twice (4 counts) — and raise heels, twice (4 counts> ,;' — in 16 counts — Begin! On the first seven counts seven steps are taken. On tbe eighth count the heels. are closed Then, standing still, the gymnastic exercise in eight counts, is taken , Repeat several times, el* Common walk — March! 7. Arrange the rows in the aisles, (see pag'e SO.) J Class — Halt! %'" Note. — Invent new orders of positions and new exercises to combine with marching.. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 19. LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. (Changing from one Longe Position to Another.) 1. Arms in slant position forward-upward — long-e backward-rig-ht, and hands over shoulders (1 count) (Fig. 30.) — charge (pag-e 33) into longe position forward right, left foot fast, and thrust arms into slant position backward (1 count) (Fig. 30) — recover to fundamental position (1 count) — in 4 counts. 2. The same, exciept left leg — in 4 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2, in 8 counts. In place — Rest! o. From loDge position :ward right, hands over llders into longe pos. forw. t, left foot fast, arms in slant tion backward. Trunk, Leg and Arm Exercise. (Oblique longes, page 32. Oblique longe-reverses, page 33. n position — Stand! lands over head — hands on hips — oblique longe-reverse forward right, turn trunk obliquely right, right arm in oblique position forward-upward, left hand over shoulder (1 count) — recover to fundamental position (1 count) — in 4 counts. Phe same to the left — in 4 counts. Exercises 1 and 2, in 8 counts. n place — Rest! NOTM. — Invent similar exercises using the other oblique longe-reverses and the oblique longes: also, other complex positions of the arms. ARM EXERCISE. (Striking Bells.) n position — Stand! lands on hips — arms in position downward — hands grasping the^ upper bells — position forward — strike foremost bells — positioaj upward — strike upper bells — position side-right — strike bells; (foremost left, and next right) — position upward — strike upper" bells — position side-left — strike bells (foremost right with next left) — position upward — strike upper bells — position forward — strike formost bells — hands on hips, grasping handle — and arms down — in 16 counts — Begin! Note.— There are many different ways of striking the bells. Most of these will occur to you, as you proceed with the work. DUMB-BELLS. 59 LESSON 20. GROUPING. Note. — For all changes give a tap with a pencil or muffled bell. 1. Form square, facing: inward — (Tap!) ~ At the tap. all begin to walk (moving in any direction) keeping step and time, and arrange in a squaVe, standing in the fundamental position as shown in the diagram. I ■ 2. Rows 1 and 3 longe into position forward right, rows 2 and 4 into position backward rig'ht, all arms in slant position forward ups ward — (Tap!) 3. All recover to fundamental position — (Tap!)' 4. All assume your orrig-inal places — (Tap!) IfoTE. — Also arrange the class, in a similar manner, in a circle or pyramid, facing outward or inward, standing or kneeling, (Fig. 31) giving different positions of the arms and body. In place — Rest! Leg, Trunk and Arm Exercise. (Cross longes and Cross longe-reverses, page 34.) In position — Stand! 1. Cross longre-reverse forward rig'lit and raise arms outward (2 counts) — cross-longfe- reverse forward left and raise arms out- ward (2 counts) — in 4 counts — Begin! 2. I/onge side-right, and raise arm.s outward into position upward (palms front) strik- ing bells (2 counts) — the sara.e to the left (2 counts) — in 4 counts. Exercises 1 and 2, in 8 counts. Facing with Leg, Foot and Arm Exercise. In position — Stand! Hands on hips — Place! Riffht face (1 count) — sound heels (1 count) — longe-reverse forward °jg.l,t _ and left (4 counts) — thrust arms downward (2 counts) — in 8 counts, four times (32 counts) — Begin! The same, except left face, in 32 counts. Arms down — Place! Kg. 31. Kneeling on right ? knee, hands over head. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 21. THE FRONT AND SIDE ARM CIRCLES. rcles are circles more or less perfect, described in front, or at the sides of the body, hands ;rasping the bells, or the handles. The bells should always be in a line with the arms. 'The .rms remain as straight as is possible, and the movement is in the shoulder joint. During; he movement, the body should remain straight and still. There are half and whole circles irith one or both arms . The circles may be described from any of the parallel, horizontal or vertical arm positions. both arms are swung simultaneously the movement is called "double arm circle." g. 3=- Double front arm circle side-left. Right arm in position upward, raised! forward (1 count) — pause (1 count> front arm circle to the right (1 county pause (1 count) — front arm ■ circle to the left (1 count) — pause (1 county — arms in position'' downward, lowered forward (1 count) — pause- (1 count) — in 8 counts — Begin! The same with the left arm. The same, both arms beginning rights ;| | | The same, both arms inward and out- ward. In place — Rest! NoTB. — For further information see book first "Free gymnastics," pages 86 to 89. Combine arm circles with other arm movements, stt ppositions, longes, longe reverse, etc., etc. THE BALANCE LONGE-REVERSE. balance longe-reverse the stepping footdoes not touch the floor, but is held immediately over t. The body. balances on the standing limb. Note. — Before introducing the balance longe-reverse into your exercises, drilf on the following separately : ri . Balance direct longe-reverse. b. Balance oblique longe-reverse. I. Balance cross longe-reverse. THE RINGS, ^^j^^pj-^ ^^f^''^- FOURTH GRADE AND UPWARDS. «^ V '^ THE RINGS. Apparatus: Material: Hard wood; three pieces joiied;Jfclisl:td. Sizt: About six inches diameter, outer edge. Thickness: One inch diameter. Cost: About 75 cents a pair. IE FOR KEEPING THE APPARATUS: Hooks are fastened to theiwall, on which one or two rings are hang. .'• The hooks should be placed in easy reach of the pupils. Taking and Replacing the Rings: If the drill is given in a hall, the pupils march out of the class room in one flank rank. Passing the rack each pupil takes a ring and carries it in his or her right hand, hangin g vertically at the side of the body. In replacing the apparatus each pupil in passing hangs his or her ring upon the hook. Using the Rings: Each pupil has one ring which he Fig. 34. -Ring. Rack. ^^^^^ ^^^^^ j„ j^j^ ^i^^^ ^^^^ The pupils exercise in pairs, boys and girls separately, using either one, or both rings alternately, or simultaneously. drill should be given at least twice a week. ; adds to the exercise, making it more pleasing and attractive. However, an exercise with music should not be attempted until the class has been thoroughly drilled. RINGS. 65 LESSON I. ARRANGEMENT OF THE CLASS FOR THE DRILL. (Fer Rising, Marking time, Marching and Halting, see page 17.) The pupils are arranged in the class-room in the order they are to march into the hall. They pass the rack in flank rank, each taking a ringj. carrying it in his right hand, the ring hanging vertically at the side o the body. ■ ' ' ■ •' ■ The arrangement of the class depends upon the size and shape ot the room or hall. The class may be arranged in one, two, three, four or more columns of pairs . Arrajjgement of the Class in Three Columns. If space is lacking and the shape of the hall permits, four columns of pair* may be arranged in a cross, etc., etc. Arrangement of the Class in a Cross. ' I Boys. Girls. I • I " I • I I • I • I • 1 I • I -I I • I ■ I I • I Girls. Boys, 'Dismissing the Class. After the exercise, the pupils are marched in flank rank into the class-room. Passing the rack each pupil places his ring upon the hook, (For seating the class see page 21 .) LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 2. POSITIONS PF THE ARMS IN THE FRONT POSITION. Front position. The pupils, as has already been explained,, are arranged in pairs. When the two pupils com- posing the pair, are standing in the fuadamental . position, side by side, toes oti- a liqei the one at the right grasping with her left hadd'the ring of the other, the pair is, standing in the Front Position. (Fig. 35.) The ring which the two pupils grasp in common, is held in a vertical position, the backs of the hands are turned to the front. Position of the arms. 1. Inner arms raised into position for- „ „ . ward — Place! Fig. 35. Front Position. The pupil at the right raises the left arm, the one at the leftthe right arm, simul- taneously, into the horizontal position forward. 1 he arms remain straight while being moved. The ring is held in a horizontal position on a line with tibe arms. The palms are turned downward. Vrms down — Place! The arms^re lowered into the fundamental position. Inner arms raised into position upward — Place! , The inner arms are raised qiiickly through the forward position, into the vertical position upward. The movement is in the shoulder joint ; the arms remain straight ' The ring is held in a vertical position, palms turned forward. ^rms down, lowered forward — Place! The arms are lowered quickly through the forward portion into the fund amental \ position^. Inner arms straig-htened into position upward — Place! /,i The arms are bent at the elbow and, passing near the shoulders, are straightened. I into the upward position. '^ ^rms down, lowered downward — Place! Th? f^rms are bent at the elbow and, passing near the shoulders, are straightened into the fundamental position. ^ iner arms in slant position backward — Place! Midway between downward and backward. iner arms in slant position forward-downward — Place! Midway between downward and forward. iner arms in slant position forward-upward — Place! , Midway between forwarcUand upward. Lrms down, lowered forward — Place! Note.— For slant positions see page 46. , RINGS. ^5 LESSON 3. FRONT POSITION. Position of the Arms (Continued.) / 1. Outer arms in position outward — Place! The pupil at the right places his right arm in position outward, ring horizonta 1 on a line with the arms, palm downward. The pupil at the left places the left arm. in position outward, hand open, palm downwaid. 2. Outer hands over shoulders — I^lacel The arms are bent at the elbow, and the hands placed drooping over the cute shoulders. The pupil holding the ring, lets it hang over the shoulder. 3.-. Outer "hands over head — Place! , The pupil without a ring places the hand over the head, the knuckles, wrist and elbow forming a curve. The pupil holding the ring places the arm in the same position, and the ring horizontally over the head. 4. Outer arms in position upward — Place! The arms are straightened into the upward position, palms forward. The rin g is held in a vertical position. 5, Outer arms in oblique position upward — Place! Midway between upward and outward. Palms turned forward.- ^. Outer arms in oblique position downward — Place! Midway between outward and downward, palms turned backward . Note. — For oblique positions see page 48. Arm.s down — Place! RESTING POSITION. , In place — Rest! , ,i The position is taken as described on page 23, with the exception that the inner arms remain in the downward position. In position — Stand! See page 23. FACING POSITION. -(big. 30. j li-acing i'osiuon Spacing- position — Face! The pupil at the right makes a quarter turn to the lelt on the left heel; the other a quarter turn to the right on the right heel. The pupil at the left grasps the ring of the one at the rig'ht. Both turns are executed simultaneously at the command "facel*' The rings are held in a vertical position. (Fig. 36. Front position — Face! The pupil at the left lets go the ring which he holds in his left hand and faces front> turning on the right heel. The pupil at the right keepinghold of both rings, faces fronf, turning on the left heel. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 4. Note. — All of the lessons following begin in the ''Front position.*' Positions of the Arms in the Facing Position. Facing- position — Face! Arms in position outward — Place! Both pupils raise their arms sideways to a level with th£ shoutders. The rin^s are held horizontally: palms- turned downward. Arms down — Place! Arms raised into p<3sitiou upward — Place! The arms are raised through the outward position into position uoward The rings are held vertically, palms turned outward . Arras down, lowered outward — Place! Arms straightened into position upward — Place! The arms are bent and passing in front of the shoulders, are straightened into position upward; Arms down, lowered downward — Place! The arms are lowered as they were raised. Arms in oblique position downward — Place! Midway between downward and outward; palms turned downward. Arms in oblique position upward — Place! Midway between upward and outward; palms turned outward. Arms down — place! Arms in position outward — Place! Arms in diagonal position, front arms upward — Place! *Front arms in oblique position upward. *Rear arms in oblique position downward. Ssee page 26. - , Arms in opposite position — Place! *Rear arms in oblique position upward. *Frontarmsin oblique position downward. Angular position outward, *front arms downward (*rear arms out- \ ward) — Place! Opposite angular position — Place! Angular position outward, (*front arms upward) — Place! U. Opposite angular position — Place! For angular positions see page 27 . Arms down — Place! Front position — Face! In place — Rest! REVERSE POSITION. In position — Stand! Reverse position — Face! The pupil at the right faces to the right, turn- ing on the left heel; the pupil at the left faces to the left, turningou the right heel grasping the other, ring. (Fig.. 37.) Fig. 37.— Reverse position. Front position — Face! ^ RINGS. .67 LE9SON 5. Reverse position — Face! The po3itioas of thaarms in. the reverse position are: 1. Position downward. 2. tjosition outward. 3. - Position upward. 4. "Oblique position downward. 5. Oblique position upward. 6. Diagon-al position outward, front arms upward. 7. Diagonal position outward, rear arms upward. -Front position — Face! ~ In place — Rest! ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE. (Facing Position.) In position — Stand! Facing- position — Face! 1. Arms in position outward — ^ upward — outward — ; ^nd down ^- in 4 counts — Begin! 2. Steppositiou sideways to the front and to the rear — in 4 counts — Begin! 'Hie pupil at the„left of ihe instructor, takes steppositiou sideways right and left. The other pupil left and right. Note ^^For steppositions, see page 25. i. Exercises 1 and 2 alternately — in 8 counts. t. Exercises 1 and 2 simultaneously — in 4 counts . Front position — Face! In place — Rest! ^ ^ - ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE. Front Position. In position — Stand! 1. Straighten inner arms upward — in 2 counts -^ Begin! First count: The arms are straightened into posi. upw. Second count : The arms are Ipwered the same way. Step-position sideways with outer feet — in 2 counts . Exercises 1 and 2 alternately — in 4 counts. Exercises 1 and 2 simultaneously in 2 counts. (Pig. 38.) Raise inner arms forward ^ in 2 counts. . Raise heels — in 2 counts. Both pupils raise both heels. See page z6. Exercises S and 6 alternately ^- in 4 counts. Exercises S and 6 simultaneously . — in 2 counts. Exercises 4 and 8 — in 4 counts. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSOM 6. TRUNK, ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE. (Reverse Position.) Reverse position — Face! Arms in position outward — Jiend trunks sideways to the *front — raise trunks — and .arms down — in 4 counts — Begin! /' The same, except bending- /runks sideways to the *rear — in 4 couqts. Exercises 1 and 2 in 8 counts. Arms in position upward raised outward — raise heels — lower heels — and arms down lowered outward — ^,in 4 counts. Bxercises 1-4-2-4 successively in 16 counts. Front position — Face! Fig. 39. Reverse Position. In place — Rest! unks in position sideways, arms in position outward. TRUNK, FOOT, ARM AND FACING EXERCISE. (Front Position.) In position — Stand! Turn trunks outward, step-position sideways, outer feet, and straighten inner arms upward — in 2 counts — Begin! These three movements are taken at the first count, the second count is the starting position , -The trunk is turned on its perpendicular axis. The foot of the standing limb is not moved, Exercise 1 (2 counts) — facing position (1 count) — arms raised outward into position -upward (1 count) — arms downward — lowered outward (1 count) and front position (1 count) — in 6 counts. In place — Rest! ARM AND STEPPING EXERCISE. (Reverse Position^) In position — Stand! Reverse position — Face! One step sideways to the *front (2 counts) — raise arms outward (2 counts) — one step sideways to the *rear (2 counts) and raise arms outward into position upward (2 counts) — in 8 counts. For stepping, see page 37. Front position — Face! f one of the pair faces the instructor, the trunk movements would be to his right ocleft. Fig. 39, RINGS. 69 1.ES80N 7. LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. (Front Position.) , i. lyonge forward, inner feet, and arms, in slant position forward-upward — in 2 counts — Begin! (Fig. 40.) Note. — For longe movement seepage 31. 2. lyonge sideways, outer feet, inner arms in oblique posifion downward, outer hands over shoulders heads turned inWard — in 2 counts. (Fig.41.> 3. -Exercises 1 and 2 alternately ^ in 4- counts. Front Position. Fig 40. Longe forward, inner feet, inner arms in slant position forw. - upw TLfOng sideways to the rear turning- trunks inward (towards each other) and raising inner (rear) arms into', position outward — in 2 counts — Begin ! Same as Exercise 2. E.xercises 4 and 5 in 4 counts. Exercises 3 and 6 — in 8^ counts. In place — Rest! Front Position. ;«- Fig. -41. Longe sideways outei: feel, inner arms in f oblique position downward, outer hands over shoa)ders, ^P heads turned inward. Leg, -Trunk and Arm Exercise. (Facing Position.) In position — Stand! V Facing postion — Face ! 1 Arms in position outward (1 count) - longe sideways to the front (1 count) —bend trunks sideways to the front (1 count) — raise . : trunks (1 counts) - recover (close heels) (1 count) — and arms down (1 count) — in 6 counts — Begin.- 2. The same to the rear — in 6 counts. 3. Exercises land 2 in^l2 counts. _ Front position '^ ■ Face! LI-GHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 8. LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. Facing Position. LfOnge backward rig-ht, arms in position forward — in 2 counts — Beg-in! 2. The same, except longe backward left — in 2 counts. TFig. 42.) 3. Exercises 1 and 2 in 4 counts. Note. — For backward longe, see page 31. Front position — Face! In place — Rest! Leg Foot and Arm Exercise. Facing Position. 42, Longe backward left, arms in position forward. The same to the rear Facing Position. Raise front arms sideways.and stepposition sidewajrs, front feet, simultaneously — in 2 counts — Begin! ■ in 2 counts. Exercises 1 and 2 — in 4 counts. Raise arms outward, .and raise heels, twice — in 4 counts. Exercises 3 and 4 — in 8 counts. '' L/onge sideways, front feet, and arms in position upward, raised outward (1 count) — and recover, and lower' arms downward (1 count) — in 2 counts. The same to the rear — in 2, counts. Exercises 6 and 7 in 4 counts. Exercise S once — and 8 twice — in 16 counts. Front position — Face! .» In placp — Rest! LEG AND ARIM EXERCLSE. (Reverse Position.) In position — Stand! Reverse position — Face! Longe sideways to my right,* and raise arms outward — in 2 counts — BeginJ (Fig. 43.) The same to my left* — in 2 counts, Exercises 1 and 2 in 4 counts, Front^osition — Face! 43. Reverse Fosition. Longe sideways, (instructor's left) arms in position outward. . ,>'j *0r to the front and rear. RINGS. 71 LESSON 9. LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. Front Position. 1. I/oag-e-reverse sideways, outer feet, and raise inner arms upward — in 2 counts — Begin! (Fig. 44.) Fig. 44.-i-Loiige-rcvcrse sideways, outer feet, Note,— For longe-reverse move- ment see page 32. . Ivonge-reverse forward, inner feet and raise inner arms forward — in 2 counts. . Exercise 1 and 2 — in 4 counts. In place — Rest! Leg, Trunk and Arm Exercise. Facing Position. In position — Stand! '■in;'eraT«sTa'pos"i.7oa upward.- Facing position - Face! ' 1. Longe forward right,turn trunks side-left, right hand on partner's ^ left shoulder, in 2 counts — Begin! First count: Both pupils longe forward right, and ' turn the trunk slightly to the left, looking over partner's left shoulder. The right arms are fully extended and placed (with the ring) over partners left shoulder. The left arms are bent and the hands are over own shoulder. Second count : Recover to starting position. The same, except opposite longe, trunk and arm movements — in 2 counts. Exercises 1 and 2 in 4 counts. Front position — Face! -Facing Position. Longe forward right, trunk turned side-left, right hand ovfer partner's milder, left hands over own shoulder. Fig. 45 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 10. LEG, TRUNK AND ARM EXERCISE. Facing Position. "Facing position — Face! IfOnge obliquely backward-rig-ht, turn heads side-left, inner arms In position^ forward, outer hands over shoulder, (left hands grasp- ing- rear ring) — in 2 counts — Begin! At One: The pupil at the right of the teacher, grasps then-ear ringwith her left hand, and places her right hand over her right shoulder. The other pupil places her right hand, holding the ring over her right shoulder, her -left hand retaining Its hold on the other ring. Both pupils longe obliquely backward to the front and rear with their right feet, turning their heads in the opposite direction. The left arm will then be extended forward. At Two: Both pupils recover to the starting position. Note, — When the exercise is to be continued several times, the left hands may- retain their grasp on the rear ring, and the pupil without a ring in her right hand may grasp the front ring, the right arm crossing the left arm. At the command "stop" both pupils resume the starting position (each grasping her own ringwith her right hand.) The same to the left, in 2 counts. The same, right and left, in 4 counts. Front position — Face! In place — Rest 1 LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. Front Position. In position — Stand! Longe sideways with outer feet inner arms in oblique position downward (1 count) — recover (1 count) — facing position (1 count) — pause (1 count) — longe backward left, arms in slant position forward - downward — (1 count) recover (1 count) — front position (1 count) pause (1 count) — longe sideways with outer feet, inner arms in oblique position downward (1 count) — recover (1 count) — reverse position. (1 count) — pause (1 count) — longe forward right, arms in slant position backward-down- ward (1 count) (Fig. 46.) — recover (1 count) — front position (1 count) — pause (1 coun-^ — - all in 16 counts — Begin! 46. Reverse Position. Longe forward right, arms in slant position backward. W' RINGS. 73 LESSON 11. SUGGESTIONS ON FANCY MARCHES. Vote. — For Marching, Faacy Marches and Fancy Steps, see the author's second book '^Gymnastic Tactics." Also see pages 17, 21, 50, and 59 of this beck. To give specific initructions as to how to arrange the class in ranks of "fours/* "eights," ect., etc .it would be necessary to know the arrangement of the class, as there are many different ways in which this can be done. Supposing the class to be arranged in two columns of "front" pairs, (Fig. i.) Fig. I. The following raanouvaring would be sufficiently simple to begin with : forward, columns countermarch outward — March! (Fig. 2.] Fig. 3. P»B' =*- •f : Column. 11 Column. m Eachpairia turn performs a "half whedV at the point where the first pair wheeled . Four steps are taken to the half wheel. The pivot around which the first column turns is the pomt where the first member of the first file begins the half wheel. The pivot of the gfecond column is the first member of the second file. Each pair is pfer- forming a half-wheel while the columij is said to be making a half turn When all the twoes have wheeled, or before that time, the following command is given: Columns, countermarch inward — March! (Fig-. 3.) The "twoes" of column i grasp the rmgs of the "ones" of column ii. When all have arranged in "fours," (Fig. 3.) Mark time — March! Class — Halt! There are also many ways in which the columns may be separated. A simple way would be to have the pupils take side-step Columns, side-step outward — March! ■Thi. two files of column i take side-step to the right, advancing the right foot, the files of column II take side-step to the left, advancing the left foot. Note.— For stepping see page 27. Vfhea the columns are in open order, give the command: Class— Halt! [ LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 12. Suggestions on Fancy Marches Continued. To FORM A SQUARE. Supposing the class to be arranged in four columns of pairs, (Fig t.) Fig. I - I a 3 4 t the tollovfing would be one way in which to form a square: :cond files, one step obliquely backward to the right — March ! (Fig. 2. ) Fig. ^. " - 2— — _ _ 1- s- 1— 2- 1— 2- 1— Column one, right-about — Face! Columns 1 and 4 forward, to the right, columns 2 and 3 sidestep out- ward — March! When the columns are opposite each other, give the commands; Mark time — March! Columns — Halt! Class, inward — Face! Columns I, 3 and 4 face to the right. Column 2 faces to the left ■ The four columns are now standing in a square facing inward . (Pig. 3.) '■ - Fig. 3. To bring the class into its original position reverse the order of the move- ments given jn the above example. Of course there are many other ways ii> which this can be done, but lack of space prohibits from going into details. For a Ring exercise arranged to music see page 121. THE WAND. FOURTH GRADE AND UPWARDS. '^ THE WAND. [E Apparatus: — Material, Hard or soft wood.. ^.. In the higher grades of the High School boys may use iron wands, plain or uckle 5; plated, weighing from ij to 3 pounds. -.-;■-. Length, 42 inches. Thickness, Erom % Xa\ inch diameter. ACE FOR KEEPING THE Wands. A wooden rack is fastened to the wall, as shown in the cut. The wands, in resting upon the rack, incline slightly towards the wall. Taking the Wands. The class marches to the rack, and in passing, with the rack either at the right or left side, each pupil in turn takes a wand, holding it in the right, hand, vertically at the right side. For more definite instruction see Lesson i . The wands are replaced in a similar way i, c. each pupil in turn places his _ wand on the rack . All this should be done \"\. S,S«^S^^^vV^>JJ^t>T»«' quietly, quickly and systematically. Fig, 48. Wand Rack. , iRANGEMENT OF THE CLASS" Boys and girls should be placed' in separate rows, and all the pupils graded according to size, the shorter ones in iront. r LEAST TWO DRILLS A WEEK SHOULD BE GIVEN. D NOT HAVE MUSIC WITH THE EXERCISE oftener than once a week, t EEP TIME BY TAPPING LIGHTLY WITH A PENCIL. :.\VAYS TEACH THE PARTS OF A COMBINATION FIRST; then^put the parts jether one by one, until the whole combination is thoroughly mastered. , WAND. 77 LESSON I. TO ARRANGE THE CLASS FOR THE DRILL. (t is best to arrange the class in the class-room before marching out into the hall. Arrange boys and girls in separate rows, graded according to size. The class may be arranged in any number of rows, to suit the size and shape of the hall or room When the pupils are arranged, have the class march into the hall in a "line in flank" i. e., one flank rank behind the other As the line passes the rack each- member takes a wand, and the class is then arranged according to the plah ot the teacher. The wand is carried in the right hand at the right side of the body. The wand is held between the thumb and forefinger, the thumb being ^behind the wand, similar to holding a pen The wand is grasped about two inches trom the lower, end._ The upper ends of all the wands should be on a level. The wand is held,^ vertically anci the upper part of the wand~ pressed lightly, but s6curply, against the" .shoiflder groove. The left arm hangs naturally at the side of the body. This position is: "Wand at righc shoulder." (^Fig. ^p.) Arrangement of the CtASs in Three Ranics^ As a rule, all positions of the wand are taken in one movement, except when changing the grasp of one or both bands. . ' ^ Wand iti horizontal position downward (in front) (2 counts) — Place! (Fiff. 49.) The first count or ta:p: The left arm is raised to the right, and the hand, open, fingers straight, placed behind and against iht: wand, immediately over the right shoulder. 'A he thumb of the left hand is placed in front of the wand. Second count: The Ie(t arm with the wand, (held between the thumb and •the out-stretched hand) is brought quickly into the downward position (Fig. 49.) - In the wand movements, the position of the wand is considered andnot, aain free- [gymnastids, the position of the arms. In, nearly all of the positions of the wand,, the arms are in an oblique position. As a , general rule the wand is held be- tween the thumb and the jfalm of the outstretched hr nd, when the arms are straight. When the arms are bent the fingers are bent and the hand fully grasps the - wand. "Wand at right shoulder {2 counts) — Place! (Fig-. SO.) First count: The left arm with the wand is raided to the right, and the wand and left hand placed as ' described above. Second count: The left arm without the wand is placed at the left side. _ Fig. 40.— Horizontal ^posi. ^wnw.in front. TO DISMISS THE CLASS. The class is marched in a "line in flank" to the rack, And each member in passing replaccf his wand. Tlie line then marches into the class-room; upon entering, each member marches directly to his or her seat. Fig. 50.— Vertical position at right shoulder. 78 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 2. AU of the lessons following begin with wand at right shoulder. POSITIONS OF THE AVAND. GRASPS. [n teaching wand exercises, it is. necessary, at the start, to thoroughly understand the different "grasps" in which the wand may be held. The wand can be grasped in four distinct ways : I. Ordinary grasp: When the back of the hands are turned towards the face, or towards their own side. z'. Reversed grasp: When the palms of the hands are turned towards the face. : 3. Combined grasp: When one hand has ordinary and the other hand reversed grasp. 4. Twisted grasp: When the wrists and arms are twisted. The wand may be grasped with both or either hand, at both ends, either end, or in the middle. .j\ Wand in position downward (2"counrts) — Place! (Fig. 49.) The wand is now held in the ordinary grasp. lyeft hand, reversed g-rasp (I count) — Place! While the left hand changes its grasp, (palm turned to the front) the right hand sustains the horizontal position of the wand. The wand is now held in the combined grasp; right hand ordinary, left hand reversed. Right hand, reversed grasp — Place! The wandisnow held in the reversed grasp. Ordinary grasp, right hand leadings (2 counts) — Place ! Wand in position forward — Place ! ' Arms straight forward, wand on a level with the shoulders. Wand in position upward — Place! Arms upward, wand horizontal over hea'd. Wand on shoulders — Place! (Fig. 51.) - The wand rests equally on both shoulders, in back of the neck, 'llie arms are bent, the wand.fully grasped and the hands slightly bent backward. Wand in position backw. — Place! (Fig. 52.) The wand is lowered backw, and the arms are fully extended. The hands have the twisted grasp althqugh the wasd is held chiefly between the thumb and the first finger. The cut shows the ordinary grasp. Wand in position upw. — Place! ]Wand in position downward, arms bent — Place! The wand passes near the chest. The iuterra ediate straight-arm horizontal positions are : ~i , Forward-downward. Midway betwee-i forward and downw.ird. 2. Forward - upward: Midway betwee-i forward and upward. Fig. 51.- Wand on Wand at right shoulder (2 counts^. aulders. — Place! WAND. 7» LESSON 3. Changing From One Position to Another. Wand iiL position downward — Place! Wand in position backward, raised over head — Place! Wand in position downward, raised over head — Place! - Wand in position backward, letting- go left (or rig-ht) hand (2 , - counts) — Place! First count: The left hand lets go and the right hand swings the wand down- ward and to the right. Second -count: The right hand swings the wand upwarcl and to the le f behind the body, and the left hand grasps the wand. ^(ordinary grasp.) (Fig. 52.) ^ .^^ ,^ Wand in position downward, letting go right (left) hand (2 counts -i^fi .— Place! . ■ -'_' ''^ The reverse of the foregoing movement. , ■■'■''r^ Wand at left shouldei; (2 counts) ~t Place! Opposite of Fig. 50. - - ' - ' Wand in position upward (2 counts) '— Place! First count: The right hand grasps the wand with the thumb and iiir * ' finger, palm to the front, ^ Second count: The wand is placed in the position upward. Wand at right shoulder (2 counts) — Place! First count: The wand is placed at the right shoulder. Second count:' Ihe lett hanH is placed at the left side. Wand in position downward (2 counts) ■ — ^Place! In place — Rest (Fig. 53.) The wand remains in the horizontal position, resti ngagams the thigh. In. other respects, the resting position is taken as described on page 23 . In position — stand ! (Fig. 49.) See page 23. HORIZONTAL POSITIONS (ConUnued.) Wand on chest — Place! The wand is placed on the chest, the hands fully grasp the wand, and are slightly turned back. Wand on chest side-rig-ht — Place! F'g, 53.— Resting position. The right arm is extended; the wand resting between the thumb and forefinger^ The hand is open and the palm turned to the front. The left arm is bent, the , grasp is loosened somewhat and the hand bent still more backward. Wand on chest side-left — Place! (Fig. 54.) The opposite of the foregoing position. ' ' Wand on shoulders side-left — Place! ' ' ■ ' The light- hand raises the wand over the head and places it on the shoulders .. The left h.ind and the lelt end ol the' wand remain stationary. ■ .' Wand on shoulders side-right — Place! ]^_. . The opposite of the foregoing position. I ' %Wand at right shoulder (2 counts) --- Place! LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 4. ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE. ^and in position downward (2xounts) — Place! " - Vand in position forward -^ apward — forward, and downward — ^in4 counts — Beg-in! In order to guard against the movement being too fast, and to insure percisioii, "'_ it is best tc^give two taps to each count or movement, i. e., one tap for the movement, and.one for the position following the movement. /"and on chest side-rig^ht,. and step-position side-left, in 2 counts. First count: The wand is pllced-in position on chest side^ 'i^^V right, and the left foot in position side- left. g^-* Second count: The wand is placed in the starting position * and the heels are closed. ^ 3. Same,^ except opposite positions. (Fig-. 54.) Wand on chest side-left, and right foot in position side-right 4. Eixej^cises 2 and 3 in 4 counts. 5. Exercises 1 and 4 in 8 counts. In place — Rest! ^ ' T l^~ Invent new combinations of familiar wand positions .=- k\ and foot movements. .— Wartd on chesl side-left, footin step-position side-right. OBLIQUE POSITIONS. In the oblique positions of the wand the arms are, as a rule, in the angular positions. 1 position — Stand! ''and in oblique position side-rig-ht, downward — Place! Left arm downward, right arm outward. ' ^and in oblique position side-rig-ht, upward — place! Leit arm in position upward, right arm in position outward (Fig. 59 ) ''and in opposite position — Place! Oblique position side-left upward, ''and in oblique position side-left, downward — Place! /"and at right shoulder (2 counts) — Place! There are also forward and backward oblique positions. The following are some of them. 1. Oblique position; Forward-downward, right arm at right side, lett arm in position forward. 2. The same except left arm at left side and right arm in position forward, 3. Oblique position forward-upward: right arm upward, left arm forward. * 4. The s^me except left arm upward, right arm forward. 5. Oblique position backward-downward: left arm at right side, right arm in horizontal position backward. « , ^' The same, except right arm left side and left arm in horiionta! position WAND. LESSON 5. HOKIZONTAL POSITIONS. Wand in position downward — Place! 1. Wand in horizontal position side-right-down -^ Place! The wand, without changing its position or the grasp of the hands, is swung,^ around to the right side of the body. The direction of the wand is /forward andv backward.N The grasp is loose. ' . ,. tVand in position downward — Place! . 2. Wand in horizontal position side-left-down — Place! The opposite of position, No. i. ' 3. Wand in position forward — Place! . • / Wand in reverse position forward, right "(or left) arm upward — • Place! " The-right end of the wand is moved u'pward and to the, left. Theleft end.down^', ward and to the right. , ' _''; The arms are twisted, the grasp is loose, the wand hdrizo'ntal, resting between and against both arms at the elbow. Wand in position downward — Place I ^ < . 4. Wand in horizontal position over head, right (or left) hand forward .— Place! The direction of the wand is forward. The arms are slightly bent; the grasp loose. i':i Wand in position downward — Place! Wand in position backward, letting go right hand (2 counts) -^ Place! . ' The wand is-in horizontal position behind the body, ordinary grasp. 5. Wand on back, haiids fast — Place! ' The wand is moved upward, the arms are bent, the grasp loosened. Th:e wand is, he;W ' between the thumbs and fcreiirgers. The fingers are straight and turned outward'; the palms of the hands .are turned .to -the -iront. The wand rests securely against the back', in the'elbows and along the forearms. 6. Wand on back, fists on chest ^ Place! • The hands let go the wand and the .fists are placed on the chest. The wand rests between the back and the elbows. Wand in position baickward, reversed grasp — Place! ,'• - The arms are Straightened, the wand dropped and caught in the hands, the . palms turned to the friTnt. • Wand in position downward, ordinary grasp, letting go right hand (3 counts) — Place! First count: The right hand lets go, and the wand is placed in front of the body Second count: 1 he right hand grasps the wand with ordinary grasp. Third count: The left hand takes'ihe ordinary grasp. In place — Rest! ■ ARM AND FOOT EXERCISE. In position — Stand! 1. Wand on shoulders side-right, and cro'ss-stepposition forward-right simultaneously — in 2 counts — Begin! ' Cross-stepposition, page 30. 2. Wand in position Upward (arms straight) and raise heels, simul- .taneously — in 2 counts. 3. 'Jijxercises 1 and 2 in 4 counts. 4. Wand on shoulders side-left, and cross-stepposition forward;left, • . simultaneously — in 2 counts. ■ 5. Exercises 4 and 2 in 4 counts. 6. Exercises 3 and S in 8 counts. Wand at right shoulder — Place! LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 6 VERTICAL POSITIONS. i^and in position downward — Place! 1. Wand in vertical position forward, right hand upward — Place! ■ The wand is placed in vertical position in front of the body, the right hand being opposite^ the forehead. The arms are slightly bent: the wand is held loosely between the thumb and the ^ open hand The palm of right hand is turned outward, that of the left hand ^towards the body. Wand in position downward — Place! Wand in vertical position forward, left hand upward — Place! (Fig:. 5S.) The dppos'te of position No. i. Wand in opposite position' — Place! Wand in position downward — Pla,pe! . — Vertical position forward, left hand upward. ^and in vertical position side-rig-ht, right hand upward, (left arm down in front) — Place! (Fig. 56.) . v The wand is placed in a vertical position at the right side of the body. The lower left end of the wand rests against the right hip ; the upper part of the wand rests against the upper right arm. The right I arm is in position upward, but bent; the left arm is also bent. The' grasp is loose, the palm of the open right hand is turned outward, the left hand is just above the right hip. Pandin position downward — Place! 7a.nd in vertical position side-left, left handupward, (right arn» downward in front) — Place! The opposite of position No. 3. Pand in position downward — Place! Va,nA in vertical position side-right, left arm over head — ^' Place! ' ' " Fig 56. — Vertical position side-right, right arm upward, left arm downward in front. The position of the wand is the same as position No. 3. The right arm and hand remain at the rightside. . The left hand and end>.ot the wand are raised and the bent arm placed over head The grasp is loose, the left hand is open and the palm turned outward. ?and in opposite position — Place! Opposite of position No. 5 V^and in position .downward — Place! n place — Rest! \ ARIVIAND LEG EXERCISE, n position — Stand! V^aud in vertical position forward, left hand upward (1 count) — longe side-right and wand in position forward (1 count)- — recover and wand in vertical position forward, left hand upward (1 count) — and wand in position downward (1 count) — in 4 Counts — Begin! Longe movement, page 31 . The same, except opposite wand and longe positions — in 4 counts. 5xercis£s 1 and 2 — in 8 counts. Vand at right shoulder — Place! « WAND. 83 LESSON 7. VERTICAL POSITIONS. 1. Watld at foot (2 counts) — Place! (Fig 57.) First count: The right arm is bent, and the wand let drop (sliding through the filgers) until the upper end is just above the shoulder; at the same time the left arm is carried to the right side and the palm of the han d ', pressed against the « and' at the shoulder' groove. _ Second count: The right arm is straightened; the lower end ot the 'wand touches the floor and the left arm is placed at the left side (Fig^sy.) 2. Wand at (rig-ht) shoulder (2 counts) — Place! First count: The wand is thrown upward to the proper heighth passing through the fingers of the right hand; the right arm slightly bends, the-left arm is carried to the right side and the palm of the hand pressed against the ' wand at the shoulder groove; at the sime time the right arm is straightened.'. All three, covememts are carried out in rapid succession. Fig, 57 -Wand at foot S*ond count: The left arm is placed at the left side. Wand at foot (2 counts) — Place!- In place — Rest! (1 count) (Fig. 58.) The position of the body is taken as described on page 23. In taking the position the upp-r end of the wand is carried backward and slightly to the left; the lower end remains on the floor; the right hand retaiifs its position while the left h..nd is placed upon the upper end of the wand (See Fig. 58) In position — Stand! • The position of the body is taken as described on page 23. The right hand places the wand in its vertical position; the left arm is placed at the left side. LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. ■ ■ Wand at (right) -shoulder (2 counts)-— Place! Fig 58.— Resting position. Wand in horizontal position/downward (2 counts) —Place! 1. Wand in (horizontal) position upward — wand on shoulders, and 5',. J longe-reverse side-right — wand in position upward and recover '^ '• , -l-^njand in position downward — in 4 counts — Begin! 2. The same, except longe-reverse side-left — in 4 counts. 3. '^IJxercises 1 and 2 in 8 counts. Invent new combinations of familiar wand positions, adding steppositions, longes, longe-reverses, bending-knees, etc. ' . Wand at shoulder — Place! LEG^ FOOT AND ARM EXERCISE. In position ^- Stand! 1. Wand in vertical position side-rig-ht, rig-ht hand upward and cross- stepposition ;forward-rig-ht (1 count) — long-e side-left, and wand in vertical position side-left, left hand upward (1 count) -^ and reverse order (2 counts) — in 4 counts. ~ ' Reverse order: Recover to cross-stepposition forward-right, wand in vertical position side-riglit, right hand upward (i count) — and close heels and place wand in position downward. . 2. The same, except begfinning at the left — in 4 counts. ' 3. Exercises 1 and 2' in 8 counts. In place — Rest! TRUNK, LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. In position — Stand! Wand in position backward, letting- go left hand (2 counts) , _ — i^kce! ■ • . Change to~reversed grasp, right hand fast (2 counts.) ' 1. Wand in position on back, hands fast (1 count) — louge position -backward-right (1 count) — remaining in longe position bend trunk backward twice — {4 counts) — recover (1 count) — wand down (1 count) — in 8 counts. 2. The same except longe backward left — in 8 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2 in 16 counts. Wand in position downward, letting go right hand ^(2 counts) — Place! fchange to ordinary grasp, left hand first (2 counts) — Place! Wand at shoulder (2 counts) r- Place! LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 10. Pand in position downward — Place! 1. Turn trunk side-rig-ht, stepposition side-rig-ht, and wand in vertical position forward (towards' the sight) right hand upward — and recover to start- . ing- position — in 2 counts ^^ Begin! (Fig-. 60.) 2. lyong-e backward-left, wand oil shoulders — and recover to starting- position — in 2 counts. 3. Same as exercise 1 except to the left — in 2 counts. 4. Same as exercise 2 except right — in 2 counts. 5. Exercise 1, 2, 3 and 4 — .in 8 counts." In place -^ Rest! . — Trunk turned in position side-right — stepposition side-right — wand in vertical position orward, right arm .upward. SLANTING POSITIONS. 1 position — Stand! " /■.and in reverse slanting position forw. side-rig'Ht downw. — Place! The right end of the wand is turned downward and the left hand placed under the right shoulder. Both hands grasp the wand loosely; the palm of the right hand tipward. /^and in position downward — Place! /and in reverse slanting position forw. side-left downward — Placei! : 7^ and in position downward •=— Place! 1 place — Rest! • • LEG, FOOT AND ARM EXERCISE. 1 position — Stand! /^and on shoulders side-left, and stepposition side-rig-ht -y- and recover to starting position — in 2 counts, onge position backward-right, and wand in reverse slanting-; position downward side-right — and recover to starting: position — in 2 counts. aine as exercise 1 except "opposite wand and stepposition — in 2 counts. auie as exercise 2 except opposite longe and wand positions— in 2 couxits. xercise 1, 2, 3 and 4 — in 8 counts, '^and at right shoulder — Place! WAND. 87 LESSON II. SLANTING POSITIONS. Wand in position downward — Place! , 11'.- Wand in slanting- position side-rig-ht upward — Place! - The left end of the wand is placed at the left shoulder and the wand slants -upwar^ to the right. Both hands grasp the wand loosely, 'the palm of the left hand- is turned towards the bo'dy, that of the right hand lo the front. The left elbow is on a line with the wand. 2. Wand in slanting position side-rig-ht downward — Place! The right end of the wand is turtied downward to ' a point midway between downward and outward . Wand in position downward — Place ! 3. Wand in slanting position side-left upward — Place! Opposite of position No. i . 4. Wa;nd in slanting position side-left downward' — Place! Opposite of position No! 2. ~ * Wand in position downward — Place! In place — Rest! LEG AND ARM EXERCISE. In position — -■ Stand! 1. Longe position side-left, wand in slant position side-right, upward (1 count)' .(Fig. 61.) — change 'to longe position backward right, and wand in slanting -Longe side-left — position side-left. Upward (1 pount) — a,nd knd in sldnt position side- ^ ^ . ,1 4. ^t upward. " Trunk bent. ' reverse order — in 4 counts.. shghtly sifle left. The left foot is not moved throughout the exercise. Reverse order: Charge to loiige position side-Left, and wand in slant position side-right upward (i count) (Fig. 6l) ■ and- recover to starting position (l count.), 2. The same, excfept opposite longe- and wand positions — in 4 counts. 3. Exercises 1 and 2 — in 8 counts. Wand at shoulder — Place! LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 12. DIAGONAL POSITIONS. i''and in position downward — Place! ?■ and in horizontal position forward — Place! '■ Vand in di'ag-bnal position forward, rig-ht hand upwafd — Placfeii The right hand is placed above the level, the left hand below the level of the shoulders/ Fand in opposite position — Place! Left hand above, right hand below the level of the shoulder. 7and in position downward — Place! S^and in diagonal position side-rig-ht — left hand upward — Place!' The trunk is slightly turned to the right. The wand is placed in a diagonal position at the side ot the body, the left end point.ng to the front. land in position downward -7- Place! i''and in diagfohal position side-left, right hand upwara — Place! -^ /^and in position' downward — Place! a place — Rest! Leg, knee, foot and arivi exercises. In position — Stand! Ivong-e forw.-rig-lit,wand in slant position forw. side-rig-ht, downward (Fig. 62) — in 2 counts — Begin! "Wand raised into position upward and raise heels — in 2 counts. Exercise 1 forward left — in 2 counts. Wand raised into position upward and bend knees — in 2 counts. Exercise 1, 2, 3, and 4 — in 8 counts. '^-'^1* In place — Rest! — Longe fotw.-right.wand in slant position forward side-rightdownw.trunk bent slightly forw LEG AND AR1« EXERCISE. I position — Stand! /■and in reverse position forward rigvht arm upward (arms twisted) (1 count) — wand in reverse slanting position downward side- right, and longe position backward (1 count) — and reverse order (2 counts) — in 4 counts. Reverse- order: Close heels, and wand in reverse position forward right arm upward (I count) and wand in position forward down (i count.) ame as exercise 1 except opposite longe and wand positions. Kercise 1 and 2 — in 8 counts, and at shoulder — Place! ;, .„ J ^ number of the wand positions especially those in which only one -hand n»l? r„™^iv° . !i"'"' J" ""^- '""°'"'' '""^ "■»?' °' ^P»« They are also, for the most part, complicated and require more room &r their execution, than Public Schools r-^Ju- P°f.^==^'°".<'f »' ">is time. Neither was it possible to give as many examples of combinations as in some of ih'^'"" "f «"= Gymnastics." In this case ttViU hB - mlvX«s''o>'theS'=S'H"'p'° ,"'"''''' '"if eyorLtio movements tigeSherwXth; C" •■TKiics "^U„ ; J./ '«"<:y 'n^rehoVgroupiDg etc.. see the author's second DooK. laclics, also pages 73, 74, and 75 of this book. A wand exercise arranged for musical accompaniment on page 144. THE INDIAN CLUBS, FIFTH GRADE AND U PWARDS. THE INDIAN CLUBS. The Apparatus : Material: Wood. Height: 20 inches. Thickness: 3^ inches. Weight: l^ lbs each. The parts of the clubs are: The ball. ^Tlie handle. The body. The base. I'lace for Keeping the Clubs: A wooden bracket with notches, similar to the diimb-beU rack, is attatched to the wall. (See the accompanying' cut.) The clubs should be in easy reach'ot the pupils. Tartng the A_pparatus: The class is arranged in one flank line. Each pupil in passing in front of the rack, takes a pair of clubs, holding them by the handles (in position ■ downward.) The clubs may also be carried under shoulders or on shoulders. The clubs are replaced in a similar manner. The drill should be given at least twice a weeV. In the higher grades, when no other apparatus is at hand, ilie exercise may be given daily. Musical accompaniment' should not be attempted, until the class has been thoroughly drilled,..^ Fig. 64, — Indian Club Rack. INDIAN CLUBS. -91 iri{i0rlaiii Before tgacMng club-swing-ing' proper it is advisable to give the class instruction in the positions of the clubs,, and in free gymnastic ^positions and movements with the club^. These preliminary drills are particularly helpful in exercising- the wrist, for upon the flexibility of the wrist depends much of the i'j^acefulness in club-swingingT ^. ' Teachers familiar with the author's first book "Free Gymnastics" will find little diifieulty in giving free-gymnastic exercises with the dlubs, a few suggestive examples of which are given on the following- j)ages. POSITIONS OP THE CLUBS. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON I. POSITIONS OF THE CLUBS. ALL of these Lessons in club snringing bejin after the cLass his bsaa arraar-cl '-.'Ml witli clubs in first position (Fig. 66.) ' ■ lubs on floor (2 couats) — Place! (Fig-. 65) First count: Tfie trunlc is beat forward and the cLubs placed '^^-i-i carefully upon the flior, a few iach33 outward from the toes. " ';';', Second count: Thetrunkisraisedandthearmiare pb.ced iq the I fundamental position. if ' ft- ^' ' J l^' Clubs in rfirst position (2counts) — Place! (JB*ig. 66.) . j/^ First count: The trunk is bent f9rwardaDd Che clubs are grasped ^'f^.'.'.- Second count: Thetrunkisraissdaadtheclubs are placed at th e sides of the body . T A Holdings the clubs . / LA The cluba are grasped firmly, close to the ball. The thumb O \j extends downward along the handle. The last three finj^ers are close yl-'l-l ' together, while the forefinger is held a. little apart from the others and -Clubs on floQr. opposite the thumb. The backs of th; hands jure tufned slightly to the front. ; : : - Clubs on floor (2 counts) — Place! (Fig"- 65.) In place — Rest! (Fig, 67.) The arms are folded forward . Otherwise as described on page 33. In position — Stand! The arms are lowered anci the heels closed. Described on page 33. \J Clubs in first position (2 counts) — Place! Fig. 67.— Resting portion. >.— Clubs in first position . INDIAN CLUBS. 95 LESSON 2. 3. Clubs in second positiQn (2 counts or taps) — Place! (Fig-. 68.) There is but one movement which begins after the first count, or tap has been given. The second count or tapis given-at the cvmpleiion of the movement, that is, at the moment the arms and clubs are placisd. in the exact position. The clubs are raised with, a tree movement forward and upward, and placed in front and slightly to the side of the body. The elbows must be sbenC in due time, so as to give little movement to the upper arms. The backs ■; . of the hands are turned forward and slightly outward. The elbows rest against the sides of the tody. The forearm and the club form a straight line.- .The clubs and forearms extend obliquely outward. From this position most of the circles are swung. (Fig. 68.) Clubs in first position (2 counts) — Place! (Fig-. 66.) The clubs are lowered as they were raised.-only reversely. There is but ■one movement. It begins after the first, and ends with the second tap. 4. Clubs crossed over head {2 counts) — Place! (Fig. 69) One movement. The clubs are raised forward and placed in position over head. The clubs cross at the handles. The arms are curved, the wrist well raised, ^nd the backs of the hands turned upward. Clubs in first position ^- Place! Fig, 69 —Clubs crossed over head. The clubs may also be crossed on the breast, in any of the parallel positions of the arms. They may also be crossed with the clubs of other members of the same, or of another rank. tjCtHT gymnastics. LESSON 3. :iu^s ttiio.er shoulders (2 counts) — Place! {^ig. 70) One movement: The clubs are swung forward as high as the slaating ~^;- , position of the arms forward-downward. At this point the clubs are turned quickly towards each other, swung backward and placed under the shoulders.- The grasp relaxes. The body of the clubs are held securely between the upper arms and the sides of the truAk. The clubs are held parallel, and slant foi'war4- downward. The backs of the hands are turned outward. Clubs in first position ^~ Place! The. clubs are lowered as they were raised, only reversely. The right, or left club alone may be placed under fhonlder. Also the right club .under the left shoulder, or vice-versa. Clubs under shoulders. The clubs may also be placed under shoulders from the first position, by simply moving the clubs back and upward. The grasp is relaxed and the hands turned outward. ^ From position outward of the arms the clubs are placed under shoulders in a similar manner. Uubs on shoulders (2 counts) ^ Place! (Figf. 71.) One movement: The clubs are raised forward and upward. The elbows I bend quickly, but gradually, and little movement given to the upper arms. lubs are placed on the shoulders. The clubs are horizontal and parallel, rasp relaxes and the backs of the hands are turned outward. ;;iubs in first position — Place! ' Either the right or the left, club alone may be placed on shoulder. Also club, on opposite shoulder. Fig. 7 1 . Clubs on shoulders. In posing and grouping there are other positions of the clubs whidi may be used, and which the careful teacher wilt readily discover. POSITIONS- OF THE ARMS. LIGHT GYMNASTICS. LESSON 4. POSITIONS OF THE ARMS. In giving commands for Indian club exercises the teacher'miist distinguish be- tween positions of the clubi and positions of the arfUS. In the straight-ami positions the clubs are considered as extensions of the arms. For example: The command for the outward position of the arms is, "arms in position outward." The command does not refer to the clubs; these are placed oh a line with the arms (Fig. 72,) If in this position it is desired to change the position of the clubs, for instance, to a vertical position, the command is given^ *'Clubs in vertical position upward." Th^e arms remain fixed in the oiitwardiposition, and the clubs are placed in a vertical position jextending upward. .^ 1. Arms in position outward. Place! ; j ; i The right arm is placed an a level with the ^ *. ; : ; shoulders at the right side. The left arm in -the '.' ". ; same position at the left side. Both arms move simultaneously. The clubs are on aline with the,, arms. 1 he palms are turned downward .. (Fig 72.) 2. Arms in position forwaxd — Place! Both arms are moved forward, remaining on a le^'cl with the shoulders The arms are parallel. 3. Arms in position upward —Place! The arms are moved upward and placed^ J vtrlically over head The arms are parallel. XFig.72.^ - Arms in position outward — Placed Arms down — Place! Theannp,nt» right arm in. back,.. — double half-arm; circle from left ttrngbt — and du'bs: in secsdnd. ■ position — in 4 couiits — Begin! • f; '' 2. ' Dottble front arm circle to the right — double back arm circle to • the- right ■^•dottble front arm circle to- the right ^- atwi elubsiu , second position — in 4 counts. 3. Double half front arm circle from jright ,ta left — double half arm circle from left to aright, right arm in fromt — left arm in back' '. — doable half arm circle from right to left — and clubs in . secopd position — in 4 counts. 4. Double front arm circle to the left — doable back arm circle to the left 7- double front arm circle to the left — and clubs in second position ^ in 4 counts. 5. Double inner half ftxxnt arm circle — double outer half front arm. circle — double inner half front arm circle — and clubs in second position — in 4 counts. First count: The right club is swung to the left, the left dub to the right; in v' ' ' -position ovtwapd'fhere-is a sligbfpaose. SecoitS'^bunt; The right club is. swung to the tefthito position side-left, and the left club to the right into position siiief-right, in thifi-positiany (the arms crossed,)' there- is a-slight pause. Third count: Both clubs are swung downward into position outward, through which the clubs are swung, at the fourth count,, into the second-position. §., Double inner front arm circle — double inner back arm circle — double inner front arm circle — and clubs in second position — ■' in 4 counts. Clubs in first position — Place! "* LIGHT GYMKASTJCS. LESSON 16. FRONT ARM AND WRIST CIRCILES. Clubs in second position — Place! 1. Riffht inner haJi front arm circle (to the left) - rigbfUyn^ fr'''- 1"'" ^"^ " '"■« •<> ^ •he left tuminc on the rinht heel At*, -n? tX ""'-'' '^^^ » quarter turn t» stepposition forward, fto t1.e lef^and ,h*dubs in the'.ifV'"' '■"■'* f™' " P'=«=«» '" ^ Second count: The clubs mak. h,.f-i-?""=''"^ P^'^on. ,j-_ The do„b,^h„d circle fo?w„drfent of the fo^dV?'"'' i" «?« '™"^ 'posirion.il of the arms is swung. " "' ""' '"'''y t*' ma bent] on the outer side^'M •he ™^'' ;^rafeTten^^*^ay?..^.htsU t™?"* -<' downw.«, -"l pause IS made. * ^ "" '"* ''»"" position backward where a slight f posi&nrsg;^'^.SlryVn'^iS^^^ forward and upward through the second ') ^'°ti»^yfe^- 5^^?^^- -^ over the ' towards e»ch other, on theTnnJr sides Sf Vh, r*"'"^ f'"='l' "" =''"'» »"= '*>>n8 immediately swung biickamln in,?,."™ ^ •"""■. P'*""* ""der .ihonlders and ' Eighth count:® wSiow Sai^^! ?'3'„Z»' ',"'° ••"«™'--™-rd is , f^on^l2X"UtSrpSt•tt";^oKrd'^^s'"£"r^^^ half a turn to the right, turninu on thi^rf/ h i ' ^' v"'^ "='""• ">« body make*-."^ stepposition forward^o the "w?,?" •"" ''" ''«'• »"<> "« "gh' foot is pl.^ g « 1 "« other counts are the «me»«rlM™:k J tu *«* often as desired. The last timrafVp,.hT-^^kV., ^'" ««"=«« may be repeated as turn ,0 the front, the heefs are clo«d!"„'d thi®.^^^^^^ ''i?"^'^ """"=" «""" Clubs iti first position _ Place-! '" '""'"' *"*"'»• EXAMPLES. OF GYMNASTIC COMPOSITIONS. . Gymnastic Movements and Positions Arranged Symetrically to Time and Motion, Rythme and Form^ and ■^vith Reg-ard . to the Relations of- Divisions of a body of Persons to EJacli Ottoer, may be Truly Termed "A Work of Art." Gymnastics are to the. Eye whg^t Music is to the Ear. ii6 LIGHT G-YMNASTICS A POLE EXERCISE. (Arranged for musical accompaniment.) Music: Even time, % \ 2-8, 4-16, etc. , note = One gymnastic count. Triple time, One measure = On? gymnastic count. Note: — Teachers are apt to take the gymnastic moveinents too- fast I therefore best to count, or tap twice to each gymnastic count, i. e., oni tap for movement, (which is to be taken rather quickly)' and one, tap for th& position, other words, "make a sligbtJiutdistinctstop-aflier^ieVmoyementi Arrangement of the Class . Fundamental position. PRBiuDE jm._ - - - - - 8 measun Part I. 1. Hands over shoulders — arms in position outward — hands over shoulders — and arms down, twice - - 8 coun 2. The same except arms in position-upward - - - 8 coun 3. Exercises 1 and 2 alternately, each once -'? - 8 coun 4. Hands over shoulders — arms in position outward — arms in position upward — hands over shoulders — arms in - position upward — arms in position outward — hands over shoulders — and arms down in - - - 8 coun Interlude - - - - " - 8 measur Part II. Rank I alone: 1. Kaise right arms side-right, and stepposition side-right,' simultaneously in 2 counts— 4 times - - - - 8 coun Rank III alone: .2. Raise left arms side - left, and stepposition side-left, simultaneously, in 2 counts — 4 times • - 8 conn Rank II alone: "S. Raise both arms outward, and raise heels, simultaneously. In 2 counts — 4 times 8 coun All. 4. Szercises 1, 2 and 3 timultaneously - - - . 8 coun Interlude -- -8 Measun PART III. 1. Longe side-right, hands over shoulders — arms in oblique position upward — hands over shoulders — and ~ recover — in 4 counts — twice 2. The same to the left ... J. Eixercises I and 2, alternately, each once 4. ' 2- C Ranks i", exercise i kanks III exercise 2. . Rink il: Loage forward right, hands over should ders — iir, HafifisjtHjprshniilders — arms in position upward- f ^ahds overshouSers — arms in position outward — hands over shoulders — arms in position upward — hands over shoulders -^ and arms down. Interlude - - ^i.. PART V. ^^nks I and III together. ' I.' vLonge outward, outer arms in position outward, inner hands •■ on hips, head turned inward, simultaneously, in 2 counts — 4 times Rank II alone: . , S. -Longe forward left, arms in position outward, simultaneously in 2 counts — 4 times ' - All : 3. / Ranks I and III, exercise i. Rank II: . . . j Longe backward right, hands over head, head slightly bent forward, simultaneously, in 2 counts — ' 4 ^aiet. See illustration page 15. All ; i B. I Ranks I and HI, Exercise i . I i Rank II Exercises 3 and 3, each once, alternately. 8 measures . 8 counts. 8 counts. , 8 counts.' . 8 counts. 8 measure!. J 1 8 coun^ 8 counts. 8 counts. r- 8 counts. 8 measures. Il8 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. A DUMB-BELL EXERCISE. (Arranged for musical accompaniment.) Music: Even time: X. 2-8, 4-16 «tc., notes = one gymnastic count. Triple time: One measure = one g-ymnastic count. See Ndte, page Ii6. Arrangement of the Class. o S Is & a o O "> ' Fundamental position. Prei,ude 8 measure PART I. Positions. 3. S s a All : Arms in position outward — rest 2 counts and arms down — in 4 counts. . /• Ranks II and III: Hands over head — rest 2 counts — and arms down. , Rank I: Arms in slant position side-right. upward -^ rest 2 counts and arms down. Rank IV: Same as Rank I except opposite slant position. ( Ranks' II and III: Arms in oblique position downward — rest two counts and arms down. Rank I: Arms in diagonal position* outward, right arm upward — rest 2 counta — and arms down. Rank IV: Same as Rank I except opposite diagonal position. s -o o f Ranks II and III: Arms in oblique position f upward — rest two counts — and arms do wo, I Rank I- Arms in diagonal position outw ard, ^ left arm upward — rest 2 counts — and arms down. Rank: IV: Same as Rank I, except opposite diagonal position. ' j - S 8 measuf< i i . 2. J 1- JTAA. 1 11 . Posing'. All: I pw'" e a m^' i^. a Hands on hips — arms in oblique position downward ■ — hands over Shouldeif s — arms in obliqlie position upward — hands over shoulders — arms in oblique position dpwiward t,:- hands on hips and arms down in - - i, Repeat la - r - - ^ All: , ■ - z, Arms in position outward — longe position side- right — armsin position* upwards- arms in position oiit- ward — arms in position upward ^ arms in position outward — recover — and arms down — in Exercise 2a to the left - ' - Rank I: Arms in ^position outward — longe \^ position side-right and arms in position up- ' ' ward -^ arms in position outward — arms in position upw^ard — arms in.position outward - — arms in position upward — recoveir and arms in position outward — and arms down — :in8 counts. Rank IV: Same as Rankl except opposite longe. Rank II: Same as exercise 2a except long-e forward left. Rank III: Same as exercise 2a except longe for- ward right. Kepeat exercise 3 - - - / S.counts 8 counts. 8 counts ^ counts 8 counts. 8 counts. I20 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. CO B I— » p a o c POSING. ', ' Rank I: I/ong-e posiibion side-left; trunk turned^ side-left, left arm in slant position side-left, up- ward, rig-ht hand on hip ^rest seven counts — in 8 counts. Hank IV: The same except opposite positions. Rank II: 'Lionge posi. backw. left, hands over head — rest 7 counts — in 8 counts. Rank III: Same as Rank II except long-e backward rig-ht. • / 8 count! All: 8 count 8 measure 6. Recover — and rest seven counts' lNtERI,UDE PART IV. GROUPING. All: 1. Breaking- ranks and keeping- step and time arrange as shown i following diagram facing front — 8 measures. Fig. I. 1.4 1.3 ■ n,4 iv,4 in,4 Tf,3 n,3 ni,3 n,3 11^2 1.2 1,1 ' if.i IT.a in,i ■ iv.i 3. All: r 8 measures. RINGS. 12 X A. RING EXERCISE. (Arrangfpd for musical accompaniment.) Even time: X. 2-8, 4-16, etc., notes = One gymnastic count. Triple time: One measure =^ One gymnastic count. See Note, page 116. Arrangemsntt of th-b Ct,ASS. Girls. Boys. Girls . II III iiindamental position. PART I. Front Position. 1. a, Raise inner arms forward,andsteppositionforwardi inner feet, simultaneously (2 counts) — and raise inner art^fe iipward, and step^position sideways outer feet'isiinultaneously(2-counts) — in 4 counts. -' i, Repeat la. 2. a, "sE^oage forward, inner feet, inner arms in slant >,;v position forward-upward sim,ultaneously-'(2 c) — ('-';. and longe sideways, outer feet, inner arms in obliqii^ position downward, sim.ultaneously (2 counts). — in 4 counts. i, Repeat 2a. ' 3. a, Same as exercise la; substituting longe reverse for stepposition. *, Repeat 3a. 4. i^Eepeat exercises 2a and 2* r ■ - 5. *'"«, Facing position (1 count.) - i, Rest 7 counts 8 counts. 8 counts. 5[«BRI,UDE 8 counts. 8 counts. !- 8 counts. 4 -measvwes. 12/ LIGHT GYMNASTICS. PART II. FACING POSITION .1. a. Arms in position outward, front feet in step-position sidewa — arms in position upward, and close heels -=- arms in positit outward, and rear feet in stepposition sideways — arms down ai close heels — in 4 counts. ^, lyong'e sideways to the front, and arms in position outward recover, and arms down — long-e sideways to the rear, and ariJ in position outward — recover and arms down — in 4 counts. 2. a, Front position — sound heels — longfe sideways, outer fe« inner arms in oblique position downward, outer hands ov shoulder (1 count) — recover — repeat the third ijiovement recover — sound heels — facing- position — in 8 counts. l>, Same as 2a, except Front Position to the rear — in 8 counts. 3s Repeat lo and lb ^.in 8 counts. 4. li. Front position (1 count) — rest 7. counts — in 8 counts. i, Interlude — 4 measures. PART- III. GROUPING. Uote:— The signal for makicg the changes should be a tap of some kind distinctly heard by a l._ Form front circle, fa^^g- inward — 8 measures. All begin the march with the left foot. The number of steps need i be counted, but the circle should be completed, before the 8 measures of mu have expired. The rings and arms form a continuous chain. When the ciiclt complete: all Mark time. . 2. Form flank circle, faejng left and march forward in circle — : 16 measures. Each member places her (his) right hand with the ring on her own left shoulder, tl uej£ left hand grasping the ring on left shoulder in front. 3. When the circle has rotated once all (at the signal) march to the original places, halting and stand in the "reverse position" tl number ones facing the instructor — 8 measures. RINGS. 123 PART IV. REVERSE POSITION. a, Arms^ in positinn outward — longe sideways to the inst;ructor'& left, and arms in position upward — recover and arms in ppsition outward — and arms down — in 4 counts. 6, Same as la, except longe to the instructor's right ^^ in 4 counts. a, '■ jCohge forward right, arms in slant position' back- ward — recover and arms down j— longe for- ward left and arrds In slant position backward — recover and arms down — in 4 counts. l>, 'Repeat 2a, a, No. 2 : half turn around No. I, in four steps which ") brings the pairs into the front position — in j 4 counts . b, Facing position (i count) — Rest {3 counts) — in 4 counts. 8 counts. 8 counts. 8" counts I 1 \ 6. a. No I's: Longe obliquely forward to the front, placing right hand with ring over right shoulders, retaining grasp on other ring, placing left arm in position obliquely forward to the rear, andturning head to the rear, (I count); . ■I No. 2's: Longe obliquely forward to the rear, place r 2 c. 1.8 c. right hand over fight-shonlder (-letting go the ring) grasp rear ring with left hand, place left arm in position obliqiiely forward, to the front, and turn head to the ftont (I count). l^ - Recover to facing, positional couni). j I b, Repeat 40 three times, ' - = 6 counts. J ^, Exercises 4a and i reversed - - - - 8 counts. Front position (I count) — Rest 7 counts 8 counts. iNTERLtJDE _ - - ". 8 measures . > PART V. Geoueing. At the signal, all march to their places accordiilg to the following diagr^am, face the center of thfe circle or square aad halt. 8 I 8 ui = / 9u 61 / 10 I 5 II 6 II 6ui / 10 III III / 2u 3 II / 4 II Im 7 11 / 8n N / .S / li' 3i . Im 2 m Ranks-i iand 3 form in four circles. Rank 2 forms in one square in the ^ . middle and.two pyramids, one on each side of thcvsqiiare and outward from the circles." * * 124 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. At the next signal : Those in the^ circles .cross arms backward (with next boys) right arms over left arms, grasping the other ring. _ The arms, hands and rings now form a complete chain. All in the circles bend trunk and head slowly backward, as &r , as possible. Knees straight and closed, feet firmly on the ' floor. Those in the square and pyramid, longe obliquely forward with inner feet, towards the center, inner arms^-in^ oblique -position upward, all grasping one ring, outer arms in oblique position downward. (See illustration page 6i) 8 measure 3 ' a, All recover, rather slowly to the fundamental position, march to 1 original places in the columns, face front and halt. 6, Finale. } A WAND EXERCISE. ( Arranged for musical accoinpaniinent.) Music: Even time : '4, 2 8, 4-16, etc. notes =One gymnastic coun*. Triple time: One measure = One gymnastic count.. Arrangement of the Class. v8 measures. I II III IV. Wand in position forward, down. Prelude ' - - r PART I. 1. a. Wand in positiQ^Joiward — jn. position upward — in position forward — and down — in 4 counts. Wand in position forward and raise heels — wand in position upward and lower heels r- wand in position forward and ^raise heels — wand down and lower heels — in 4 counts. c, Repeat la . . . ^ counts. d, Wand in position forward and bend knees — wand in position upward and straighten knees — wand in position forward and bend knees — wand down and Straighten knees — in 4 counts. 2, a. Wand in position on chest side-right, and stepposition side-right — ^wand down and close heek — :n 2 counts.. *, Repeat 2a — 2 counts. e, Exercises 2a and 2b to the left — in 4 counts. d, Wand in position side-right, and stepposition side-left — wand down and close heels — in 1 counts. e, Repeat 2d — in 2 counts. y, Exercises 2d and 2e reversed — in 4 counts. Interlude ..... 8 measui 16 counts. ■ 16 counts^ 8 measllit WAND. PART II. ' All: 1. a, Wand in vertical position forward, left hand upward • and cross-stepposition forward rig-ht — longe side- right and wand in position upward — recover to ; cross-stepposition forward right, and wand in " jrertical position forward, left hand upward — wand down and close heels — in 4 counts. Bepeat la in 4 counts. All: Exercise la reversed — in 4 counts. Repeat exercise Ic . — in 4 counts. i6 counts .2. a, Ranks II and III alone: Rank II exeroise Ic ' j - Rank III exercise la. \ rj i, ,. Ranks I and IV alone: t Rank I exercise Ic. ( '".-, Rank IV exercise 1«. ) '; c. All simultaneously: ' Ranks I and II exercise, Ranks III and I.y' exercisfe ! - .. J, Repeat exercises,??/. '• -' \a \ S6 \c \ in 4 counts. in 4 counts. in 4' counts, in 4 counts. 16 counts- J ]■ 3. a. Ranks I and IV alone: Rank I exercise \a. Riink IV exercise.l^. ^, Ranks II atid EEI alone: Rank liC exercise Ic Rank HX exefcisS la. 6-, All simultaneously : Exercise 3a and Zd, twice — 8 counts. 4 counts. \ 4 counts. 16 counts. 4. a, Wand at right shoulder in 2 counts. /, Rest - , 6 counts. c. Interlude - - r !• 8 cpunfs. 4 measure^. 126 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. PART III. GROUPING . ,, 1. At the signal (a tap) all marcli to their places accord- iag- to the following diagram face front and halt. 1114 U lit. IV. 8 measi J At the signal (a tap). 3 O S 1.3 n,3 l.>l |ii,i 111.3 INDIAN CLUBS. At the tiext signal: 2. Y T'^e four outer squares: \ All place outer • clu.|>s over outer shoulders, the inner atflJs (and clubs) in stant position for- ; ; ward-dOwnward, the base of the four clubs „,„ y" .^iiieeting overthe center of the square. ?fj"y No. 6 standing within the center square places |^< ' the right arm (and'^S^^J in vertical position V upward, theleft arm^|H|ftical position down- ward. The center square: All place outer clubs over outer shoulders, the inner arms (and clubs) in slant iptfsitibn 'forward-upward, the base of the four clubs being over the head and touch- J I \ ing the arm of No. 6. • Simultaneous p; . All reinain in this position throuaph 8 measures. At the next signal: . , AU^SUme the fundamental position, clubs in first -r'-diosition and march to their places, face front and halt. 8 measures. PART IV. At the first beat oi the fifth measure of the foregoing eight measures allplace club in second. position, (a count'-;) I. All: 1^ o- ,,( Right arin: Outer half-front arm circle ((pausing at the left.) \ |:fl,simult. -j j^jj ^^^, jupg^ half-front arm circle ( one count. fcj e- 1, ( Rightarm: Inner half-front arm circle j (slight pause at the right.) I °""^"- ■) Left armi-Outer half back arin circle \ onet count. i ; B' i R'ght ar^: Outer half front arm circle j (no interruption at the left.) >' SimuJt. -j j^gjj ^^. Inner-half front arm circle j one count. Bjthclnbs in second position - - i count. i, -Repeat i«. I30 LIGHT GYMNASTICS. 2. All Exercise lar reversed, repeating once — in 8 counts. /' Rank I, exercise i — 8 counts. Rank III, Exerc.se 2 — 8 counts. Rank II: a, Double inner half front arm circle (slight pause in position outward.) Double outer half front arm circle (slight pause — i right arm in position side-left ) left arm in position slderighr \ Double inner half front arm circle (no interruption in position outward) and both clubs in second position — in 4 count*". \ 6, Repeat 3a. / Interlude u e ts - S in 8ci 811 PART V. POSING. s a CO ^Rank I : a, Double inner half front arm circle — (I count) — -, longe side-right, turn head side right — right club in oblique position upward — left club on left shoulder — (r count) — remain in this position through 5 counts — recover and double inner half front arm circle — (i count) — clubs in second position (i count) — all in 8 counts. i. Rank III: Same as Rank I in opposite direction — in 8 counts. c, Rank II : Double inner half front arm circle (I count) — longe forward right and arms in position outward — ( [ count) — remain in this position through 5 counts — recover and double inner half front arm circle (I count) — clubs in second position (i count) — all in 8 counts. \ •3 S / Rank I, Exercise la. Rank III, Exercise 13 Rank II, Same as exercise u, except longe backward left and cross clubs over head . \ Interlude 8 c< 8cc 8 me A S ystem OF P hysical Culture. For the Public Schools of America. Director and Supervisor of Physical Culture, Public Schools/ 'Kansas City, Mo, . PUBLISHED. First Book — Free Gymnastics £°S,n). Price, postpaid, 8oc. j First Book — Free Gywnastics, abridged. Price, postpaid, jjt . " Second Book — Tactics, First Edition. Price, postpaid, 8oc. -;.i Third Book — Light Gymnastics ,( Dum,b- . *' Bells, Indian ClubSietc.) Illustratedi tl^^t^Price, postpaid, ^oc. . 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