> 
 
 CIS 
 
Cornell University Library 
 S 675. H16 
 
 Culture, agriculture, orcliard cutlure and 
 
 3 1924 003 321 456 
 
Culture, Agriculture, 
 
 Orchard Culture, 
 
 -AND THE- 
 
 Utility of Weeds, 
 
 J. H, Hale, John Gould, T. B. Terry, F. H. Dow 
 and others. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 The Cutaway Harrow Company, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
 
 Celebrated Clark's Cutaway Tools. 
 
 HIGGANUM, CONN., 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Bigelow Manufacturers' Print, Portland, Conn. 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003321456 
 
Culture, Agriculture, 
 
 Orchard Culture, 
 
 -AND THE- 
 
 Utility of Weeds, 
 
 BY 
 
 J. H. Hale, John Gould, T. B. Terry, F. H. Dow, 
 and others. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
 The Cutaway Harrow Company, 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF THE 
 
 Celebrated Clark's Cutaway, Tools. 
 
 HIGGANUM, CONN., 
 
 U. S. A. 
 
 Bigelow Manufacturers' Print, Portland, Conn^ 
 
S(o7'o 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In publishing this little book on the proper cultivation of the 
 soil we have called to our assistance some of the best agricultural 
 writers of the country. To J. H. Hale, of South Glastonbury, Ct., the 
 largest and most successful peach grower in the country, we are 
 indebted for the general article on the cultivation of orchards. 
 
 The article on growing corn is written by John Gould, of 
 Aurora, Ohio, who is a well-known writer on this subject. The 
 successful growing of corn is what is being sought after now by the 
 farmers of every state in the Union, to whom Mr. Gould's article will 
 be found very worthy of consideration. 
 
 The article on potato culture and proper tilling of the ground 
 for same is by T. B. Terry, of Hudson, Ohio, whose articles are too 
 well known to comment on. We are indebted to the "Practical 
 Farmer" of Philadelphia for their kindness to us in the preparation 
 of this article. 
 
 Mr. F. H. Dow, of West Caton, N. Y,, who is a well known writer 
 of New York state, gives us some interesting facts on tillage. 
 
 The article on grass culture is written by Geo. M. Clark, of 
 Higganum, Ct. The illustrations in his article are reproductions 
 from photographs taken on his farm during the harvesting of the 
 hay crop. Mr. Clark has made great success in the proper growing 
 of grass. 
 
 We have sought this means of bringing before every farmer the 
 advantages to be gained by the proper handling of the soil for differ- 
 ent crops by the use of the "Cutaway'' tools. These tools have now 
 been introduced into every state and territory in the Union, also in 
 nearly all foreign countries; they are being worked successfully on 
 the Khedive's farms at Cairo, Egypt; also they have become very 
 general in the colonies. There is no work but what this line of 
 machines is adapted to and farmers using them will find a great 
 saving in cultivation and a large increase of crops when used 
 according to directions. 
 
 We shall be pleased to forward fully illustrated catalogues of the 
 Cutaway goods to all parties wishing same; and will cheerfully fur- 
 nish any information we can on subjects beneficial to the farming 
 community. 
 
INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 Cutaway tools are now made in some one hundred different 
 styles and patterns. We have just brought out this year three new 
 tools which we would ask a careful examination of, as we believe 
 there has been no so great labor-saving tool introduced as the Right 
 Lap Cutaways. The Right Lap Cutaway is made in three sizes, 
 24-inch, which is reversible, is not only well adapted for general use, 
 but is especially designed for cultivation of orchards and berry 
 fields. The 36 and 48 inch Right Laps are designed for general use. 
 
 The 36 and 48 inch Right Laps are also fitted with an absolute 
 force feed seeder which is positive in all its actions. We would ask 
 your careful examination of the description of these tools in this 
 book. 
 
 One very essential pouit in the Right Laps to which we desire 
 especially to call your attention is to the greater scope of the disks 
 and greater working angle. The angle of the regular harrow gang 
 disks works the soil about six inches wide, while the Right Lap disk 
 much more thoroughly pulverizes to the width of nine inches. 
 Practically the right hand gang does double work of the regular har- 
 row gang. 
 
 With nearly all other harrows it has been difficult to cootrol cer- 
 tain .conditions of the soil, such as light swards, sod land, fields that 
 have been plowed for several months, or wheat, oats, barley and corn, 
 stubble land. By the use of the "Cutaway" tools on these lands 
 there is no necessity for a plow, all work being done much more per- 
 fectly and thoroughly pulverized, putting under all trash, stubble and 
 stalks. 
 
 The Cutaway disk is constructed on scientific principles, lifting 
 and turning the soil instead of pushing it side-wise as other styles of 
 disks. The draft is much lighter, they entering the ground easier, 
 penetrating deeper, stirring and pulverizing much more thoroughly 
 than can possibly be done with the solid or any other form of disk. 
 Hard baked and adobe lands can be worked successfully with the 
 Cutaway where even a plow will not disturb and other harrows can- 
 not work at all. 
 
Culture, Agriculture, and Orchard Culture. 
 The Utility of Weeds. 
 
 From 1-8 of an acre and a hand hoe to looo acres and a car load of 
 
 Cutaway Harrovrs. 
 
 BY J. H. HALE. 
 
 The only available implement of culture on the farm when as a 
 boy I began my first operations, were a broken handled shovel, one 
 short handled spade and a hoe. To be sure, whatever crops were 
 planted were upon land that had been roughly plowed, boy fashion, 
 with the aid of a yoke of oxen loaned the fatherless boys, by a kind 
 neighbor. 
 
 The area under cultivation was limited and usually two or three 
 hand hoeings, to keep down the weeds, was the only culture given, 
 for I had not learned in those early days, that the destruction of 
 weeds should be but a very small part of soil culture. 
 
 Later on when the first horse was bought and the old-style 
 wooden frame cultivator was put at work, it was simply to aid the 
 hoe in keeping down the weeds and it was not till the extreme dry 
 season of 1870 that I learned my first real lesson in soil culture that 
 will stay with me through life and I believe in a very large degree has 
 contributed to whatever success I have had in a life devoted to 
 agriculture, which, started without capital, has proven a most satis- 
 factory and profitable business venture. 
 
 In May, 1870, an acre plot of the old farm land had been 
 planted in sweet corn to be fed in its green state to milch cows and 
 pigs during August and September. The first hoeing revealed the 
 fact that this particular plot of land was thoroughly infested with 
 Couch or quack grass, that was likely to smother out the corn. 
 
 Full of boyish vigor and with the pride of ownership in a new 
 horse, we set about justifying its purchase, by making him earn his 
 living, in assisting us to eradicate this pest. 
 
 In the long to be remembered heat and drouth of that summer, 
 it seemed too hot to work during the middle of the day, but night 
 after night, from six o'clock till dark, week in and week o-ut, I astride of 
 the boney old horse, rode up and down, out and across, that field 
 between the rows of corn, while my brother followed behind holding 
 the cultivator. We rejoiced to se" we were slowly conquering the 
 quack grass and kept on the, cultivation to its final exterminatioti; 
 only to awaken to the fact that through all that fight the corn was 
 growing with luxuriant, vigor and finally, in August, amid all the 
 drouth and dearth of that parching summer, it was about the only field 
 of well developed corn in all the country around. Money was a 
 
scarce article with us in those days, so that we quickly caught on to 
 the suggestion of a kind neighbor, that the nearby city markets 
 would readily buy our green corn at prices way beyond the value 
 placed upon it by the cows and pigs of the farm. A trial proved 
 this to be true and the entire product was peddled out for some over 
 $200, more money than we had ever had before from any crop of the 
 farm. 
 
 From this small beginning in marketing was developed our 
 vegetable and fruit business, till this season of 1895 the products of 
 our farms have sold for over $100,000. All through the struggling 
 years that have gone by, one leading thought and practice has been, 
 culture, culture frequent and thorough, and over and again I have 
 noted the utility and blessings of weeds, those ever-true and constant 
 friends of the farmer, without which I fear the lessons of culture 
 would never have been fully learned by the most of us soil tillers. 
 
 In fact, it is my belief, based upon many extended observations 
 through every state in the Union, that were it not for grass and 
 weeds to stimulate culture, the average crop production, through 
 lack of culture, would fall far, very far, below the present produc- 
 tion; while I am fully convinced that if thorough and right culture 
 were to be given each acre of land under the plow, it would at once 
 more than double the production. 
 
 A few years ago, in the fertile Sacramento Valley of California, I 
 visited one of the great wheat farms, where several thousands of 
 acres of wheat was grown annually. Business was done on such a 
 great scale that one plowing with gang plows and then a hurried 
 scratching in of the seed with various sorts of harrows, was the only 
 preparation or culture given. Right adjoining, on precisely similar 
 soil, was a woman farmer, with only about 500 acres under plow, but 
 a thorough believer in culture. Early in summer land was plowed 
 with single plows, cross plowed in autumn and then harrowed many 
 times over with a Cutaway harrow, before seeding, so as to make a 
 mellow seed bed. Seeding followed a little later and then more har- 
 rowing. 
 
 The average yield of wheat under her system of culture was 32 
 bushels per acre, as against 12 bushels per acre on the neighboring 
 big farm. An increased product of over 150 per cent for culture 
 alone, one-third of which profit would pay the cost of extra culture, 
 leaving a net profit of 100 per cent. Is this not an object lesson in 
 culture ? 
 
 And by culture I do not mean that culture which follows plant- 
 ing, nearly so much as I do that culture which precedes it; for it is 
 in the preparation of the soil for seed or plant bed, for annual crops, 
 that the greatest' results are attained at the least cost. After 
 
culture is necessary and usually the more the better, but in this the 
 growing crops are always in the way and add greatly to the cost' 
 while before planting, one has a free swing, and with such excellent 
 implements of tillage as the Cutaway harrow, can do more for one 
 dollar than can be done for $io later on, and as "tillage is manure" 
 in so much as by the thorough and deep mixing of soils that is 
 brought about by the Cutaway, particles of soil come in contact with 
 one another for the first time and chemicals are set free that would 
 otherwise have remained locked up unpalatable and indigestible 
 as food for plants. These things I believe, yes, I know, from many 
 years' experience in the culture of small fruits on an extended scale, 
 while in orchard culture "tillage is manure," tillage is moisture, and 
 without thorough tillage success cannot be attained in its highest 
 degree. In some soils and under certain conditions, the use of the 
 plow once a year in early spring may be necessary, culture the rest 
 of the year being maintained by harrows and cultivators. 
 
 But since the advent of the Cutaway harrow, it is not only 
 possible to dispense with plowing, but also better and cheaper to do 
 so and have all the culture done with the harrow, thus avoiding all 
 danger of tearing and breaking roots; a trouble that is always with 
 us in plowing an orchard, even though the work be done by a most 
 careful man. While this breaking of the roots will not kill the trees, 
 or even work injury that is always apparent, there is no doubt but 
 that it is a weakening process, that does work injury and ought to be 
 avoided wherever possible. My own practice in this latitude is to 
 give the orchards most thorough culture from early spring till late 
 in July, when I abandon all culture and allow grass and weeds to 
 grow at will and the trees to ripen up their wood early and mature 
 fruit buds for the next season's crop. In some soils which are 
 naturally inclined to grass, quite a sod will form before the approach 
 of winter and if nothing further is done, it is usually best to plow 
 shallow in early spring and then follow with the harrows. 
 
 To avoid the necessity for this plowing, however, I find that if 
 late in the fall, just before the ground freezes up for winter, the 
 Cutaway Harrow is run over the field a few times, the grass gets so 
 thoroughly chopped up as to be mostly killed out through the winter, 
 then if the harrow is started early in spring the most perfect culture 
 I know of can be carried on without plowing, but this spring harrow- 
 ing must be done just as soon as the ground is well settled after the 
 coming out of the frost. If deferred for two or three weeks, the 
 ground is likely to become dry and hard and take far more time to 
 fit it for the other cultures that are to follow. 
 
 This practice I have followed out for six years now on a 22 acre 
 peach orchard and reduced the cost of annual culture nearly 25 per 
 
cent, and I believe, giving me more healthy and vigorous trees than 
 can be found in any other 12 year old peach orchard in the country. 
 My orchards are scattered about for the purpose of obtaining most 
 favorable locations and those that are not on the home farm are 
 worked by contract labor, while the home farm orchards have been 
 worked with our own teams. The summer of 1894 was an exceed- 
 ingly dry one here and through force of circumstances having two 
 more horses on hand than required for the ordinary work of farm 
 and orchards, and knowing that culture was our only plan to 
 irrigation, for two full months this extra team and a Cutaway Har- 
 row was made to supplant the regular culture of the orchard, by 
 daily going between the rows of trees in one direction or the other, 
 kicking up a cloud of dust wherever they went; but at the end of the 
 season it proved to be "gold dust," for this double or extra culture 
 kept the trees growing luxuriantly all through the drouth and these 
 orchards gave us the largest and finest fruit we had ever grown, 
 while on other orchards, with the culture of ordinary years, the pro- 
 duct was below the average. 
 
 Just now in looking over the sales account of the different 
 orchards, I find that the fruit from the highly cultivated orchard 
 sold for an average of 24 9-10 cents more per basket than the others, 
 or a net increase of a little more than $125 per acre. One good har- 
 rowing with the Cutaway ought to be done at a cost of $1 per acre. 
 Suppose in these two months each acre was harrowed 25 times over, 
 at a total cost of $25, the returns would give an actual profit of 400 
 per cent. Is farming unprofitable industry when such profits are pos- 
 sible as the results of thorough, or rather extra thorough culture ? 
 
 As to implements of culture, any plow, cultivator, or harrow that 
 is made, no matter how poor it may be, will accomplish much if used 
 at the right season, frequently and with judgment. 
 
 Yet as by far the most costly part of culture is the team work, 
 the best implements are the only ones that should be used by those 
 who are after profits in orchard culture. 
 
 Having tested about every style of harrow that has been offered 
 on the market, I have found none so satisfactory for orchard work as 
 the Cutaway. A thorough mixing of the soil, 3 to 4 inches in depth, 
 can be accomplished with this at the least possible cost. 
 
 Once in a while it may be best to supplement its work with a 
 smoothing harrow, but whatever implements are used, to win the 
 highest success, keep everlastingly at it, through April, May, June 
 and July. It's the sure way to produce fine trees and fruit and 
 "Cutaway" the mortgage. 
 
 J. H. Hale. 
 South Glastonbury, Conn., October 20, 1895. 
 
South Glastonbury, Conn. 
 
 Gentlemen — Before you issue another catalogue I wish to say 
 a word regarding your harrow, for general use in orchards and vine- 
 yards. 
 
 You know we have used these harrows in all their varied forms 
 since the first introduction, and, while I have always been able to do 
 better work and at less cost with them than with any other imple- 
 ment tested, it is only since the perfection of the reversible harrow 
 that I have become satisfied that with this instrument alone almost 
 any orchard may be thoroughly cultivated without the aid of any 
 other implement. 
 
 For the past three years one of our orchards on sandy, loamy 
 soil, where there are but few stones, has been taken up in the spring, 
 without plowing, and, simply by the use of this harrow, been 
 thoroughly pulverized and put in perfect condition, in less than half 
 the time it would have taken to plow it; but better than this, it has 
 avoided breaking and tearing up of any of the roots, so common in 
 plowing, even with the most careful workman. 
 
 Another special advantage I find in the use of this implement, 
 that in stiff, hard ground, where land must of necessity be plowed 
 once a year, all the plowing may be done by back furrowing up the 
 rows of trees without danger of bruising them with the plow or 
 whifHetrees, and then the ground being made perfectly level during 
 the summer by the use of your reversible harrow, which will take all 
 of this mounded earth away from the tree in one or two operations. 
 
 I assure you we shall continue the use of the harrows here 
 
 among all our fields, and, as we are planting a six hundred acre 
 
 orchard in Fort Valley, Georgia, this winter, shall want a carload of 
 
 the implements shipped down there, as soon as we begin cultivation. 
 
 "Very respectfully, J. H. Hale. 
 
 The long felt demand for a tool for properly cultivating orchards 
 without injuring the roots led us to adapt the Cutaway harrow to 
 this purpose. Our orchard harrows will thoroughly pulverize the 
 ground to the depth required, subduing all weeds and trash and con- 
 verting it into a mulch that thoroughly protects the roots and retains 
 the moisture. We make harrows in six different styles for this class 
 of work. The 24-inch Right Lap, reversible, is used very extensively 
 for this purpose, also the five and six foot harrows of the "A" series 
 viz. "A-5" and "A-6" Reversible harrows. These harrows are made 
 reversible so they will throw the soil either away from or toward the 
 tree. They are also fitted with Extension Head, when desired, for 
 the purpose of cultivating under limbs of trees. For the cultivation 
 
of the smaller varieties such as orange groves, berry fields, etc., we 
 recommend the Grove harrow, or Market Gardeners' harrow, as here 
 illustrated. 
 
 The first cut shows the 24-inch Right Lap Cutaway, reversible, 
 which is a fine little tool for orchard work. 
 
 The second cut shows the A-6 Cutaway, harrow set for cultivat- 
 ing away from the tree. 
 
 The third cut shows the A-6 Cutaway harrow set for cultivating 
 towards the tree. 
 
 The fourth cut shows the A-6 Cutaway harrow with Extension 
 Head for cultivating under limbs of trees. 
 
 The fifth cut shows the one-horse Grove harrow. 
 
 The sixth cut shows the two-horse Grove harrow. 
 
 These last two harrows are used very extensively for market 
 garden and truck farming culture. 
 
 The 24 inch Right Lap Cutaway Reversible. 
 
 One very essential point in Right Laps we desire to call your 
 attention to is the much greater scope of the disks and the greater 
 working angle. The regular harrow disks work the soil about six 
 inches wide, and while the Right Lap much more thoroughly pul- 
 verizes to the width of about nine inches; practically the right hand 
 gang does double work of the regular harrow. Always "be particu- 
 lor to weight left hand gang as per directions. 
 
The A-6 Reversible or Fruit Growers' and 
 Orchard Harrow. 
 
 HARROW SET FOR CULTIVATING AWAY FROM THE TREE. 
 
 The great demand for a good tool for cultivating orchards has 
 led us to adapt the Cutaway Harrow to this use. 
 
 6-foot Reversible Harrow. 
 
 
 CULTIVATING TOWARD THE TREE. 
 
 No fruit grower can afford to be without this tool, and we can 
 cheerfully refer any parties desiring this harrow to Messrs. G. H. 
 & T. H. Hale, of South Glastonbury, Conn., who are among the 
 largest and most successful peach growers in this country. See 
 their testimonial on another page. 
 
Reversible with Extension Head. 
 
 One Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow. 
 
 Two Horse Market Garden or Grove Harrow. 
 
The Best Method of Growing Corn. 
 
 BY JOHN GOULD. 
 
 It is now being thoroughly demonstrated — and this year of 
 drouth as never before, that the corn plant is the dairyman's chief re- 
 liance in the matter of the chief ruffage rations for his animals, and 
 more, in no other way can so much given food material of the 
 starchy elements be secured, and so cheaply; as from the "giant 
 grass" known as corn. More, the stations in their feeding trials, one 
 and all, put the corn plant in the front rank of local foods either as 
 stover, fodder, silage, or the plant cut green from the field, as the 
 main part of the rations either for the making of milk, beef or 
 growth. This almost change of front in the past five years, has 
 called attention to the merits of corn in its various forms as grain, or 
 fodder, as never before, and its culture, too get the largest returns 
 from a given amount of land firtihty, and labor, is commanding the 
 talent, skill, and investigation of a large number of the foremost in- 
 vestigators of this country, and what is all the more gratifying, is the 
 fact that so many farmers are thinking along these lines of investi- 
 gatmg for themselves, and at our agricultural meetings, farmers by 
 the score are in an almost scientific way, practical certainly — telling 
 how they raise the corn plant, and how they feed, and demonstrate 
 with figures and with results, that corn is their great anchor of hope 
 in the cheapened cost of farm produce. 
 
 At the start it must be accepted that the corn plant is a sort of 
 "canibal" among plants, i. e., getting its best food of support from the 
 decaying remains of another plant, reveling in high heat, and the un- 
 shadowed sunshine, and in its culture these things must be born in 
 mind and the habits of the plant humored, so to speak. In all of the 
 eastern, middle and most of the northern states, corn is almost 
 wholly grown for the farm feeding, and not as in the west and north- 
 west, for commercial purposes. So in what we may say here, will ap- 
 ply to the smaller corn grower, the man who needs the feed, and 
 needs to raise it with as little labor and outlay as possible, and yet 
 have a full maximum yield, aud not so much to the man who raises 
 the plant to get the ear, and regards the stalks as so much trash, and 
 which he would be profoundly grateful to see in the bottom of the 
 sea. as soon as the corn was husked. 
 
14 
 
 Sod land seems in the designated states, to be the natural feed- 
 ing place for the growing corn. Not only is its best growth se- 
 cured, bnt for the reason that this food is what it wants but the de- 
 caying sod is in its fermenting, making the land actually warmer, 
 giving nearer tropical conditions, but at the same time if the corn is 
 properly planted so that the sunshine can get at the stalk from root 
 to tassle not only in nature's laboratory for the recdmposition of 
 food elements into corn plant elements more complete, but the me- 
 chanical conditions can be improved at the same time, and it is here 
 that the farmer must plan, if he would get the greatest returns from 
 the least expenditure of labor and material. 
 
 It is now accepted that the greatest amount of the culture needed 
 on corn can be best performed in the preparation of the seed bed, 
 and doing as little afterwards as possible consistent with clean cul- 
 ture, but the man must understand that he will best succeed in de- 
 voting his labor, not in cultivating the corn, but in weed killing, and 
 keeping a dust blanket on the surface to hold soil moisture from es- 
 caping. To do this, it is not necessary to kill the corn with the 
 weeds. As to the preparation of the soil, it is becoming to be re- 
 cognized that late fall plowing of the sod is best from the fact if 
 there is a great amount of vegetable matter on the surface, it makes 
 a division between the furrow slice and the subsoil and in the case 
 of a drouth after spring plowing this mass does not decay, and 
 makes it impossible for the moisture from below to pass up into the 
 upper surface and the sod dries out and the plant burns out, for to 
 perfect the corn plant, it must take up from the soil, and evaporate 
 from its leaves, three hundred pounds of water per each one pound 
 of dry matter contained in the plant. If the season is of full rain 
 fall, there will be no such loss in growth. If corn is to be planted 
 on old ground especially corn after corn, the field is best fertilized 
 by applying the manure broadcast through the winter direct from 
 the stables, and let it become incorporated in the soil, by rains, and 
 the repeated freezings and thawings of spring. On fields manured 
 in the winter, and those fertilized in April, we could see this season 
 where every load of the winter-spread manure was put, by the better 
 growth of the corn, and its earing, indicating that nothing was lost, 
 but much gained by the spreading of manure on the snow. 
 
 It is well to plow, and well harrow the land if possible, two 
 weeks or more before planting and then work the land down fine to 
 the bottom of the furrow by the use of the Cut-a-wa^s and rollers, 
 so that the corn can be planted in soil fine enough for wheat, then 
 do another day's harrowing and rolling. There is no use in disturb- 
 ing the soil after this in after cultivation to exceed an inch and one- 
 half in depth. Corn on well prepared land is never benefitted by 
 
IS 
 
 cultivation direct. What is needed, and no more, is to kill weeds,, 
 and conserve soil mixture. Hard crusted soil is supposed to part 
 much more readily with its moisture than land that has a well worked 
 ■dust mulch to prevent this. Weeds hurt corn more by robbing it of 
 needed moisture and soil shading, than in stealing fertility. Weeds 
 are more easily killed by some form of rapid surface stirring of the 
 soil, just as they are germinating, than by later uprooting, which 
 calls for a large displacement of the soil, and at the same time 
 severs corn roots by the million. 
 
 Before planting, harrow and even roll the land into a smooth 
 seed bed, and plant the corn 2}4 inches deep in drills, dropping a 
 kernel each foot for field corn and once in six inches for silage. With 
 our improved machines, no one gets pay for rowing corn two ways 
 If the corn is down two inches, and this rolling done just after plant- 
 ing — in preference to before, the light harrows will not disturb the 
 corn, and by dragging after planting, then just as it is coming up, 
 and once later on kills about all the germinating weeds. Then the 
 Breed's weeder follows in order, but should heavy rains come and 
 crust the soil, go through the field with the cultivators cutting as 
 shallow as possible, and then follow with the weeder again, and the 
 corn is about cared for, so far as weed-killing is concerned. Deep 
 culture of corn was invented for two purposes, one to bring up fresh 
 supplies of weed seed to germinate and make more work, seed which 
 would have never troubled if left undisturbed by shallow culture, 
 and to cut off corn roots to lessen the yield of corn and stalk, for 
 nature must repair damages and this is at the expense of stalk growth, 
 and often yield. 
 
 There is no authentic experiment made public east of the Missis- 
 ■sippi river that has not shown a loss in deep culture of from three 
 per cent, in the most favorable year, to over thirty per cent., and this 
 is a loss too great to be borne, when a little judgment, well applied, 
 would prevent. Plant the rows in straight lines, all equi-distant, so 
 that a wide, full width cultivator can be used, and the soil stirred up 
 to the very hills, without the necessity of having to turn up a furrow 
 to cover weeds. Rig the cultivator with a wheel in front so that the 
 front shovels will cut only an inch and one-half deep. Bolt to the 
 rear shovels, and behind them, a narrow thin board three inches 
 ■shorter than the width of the rows, so as to be exactly crosswise of 
 them, and the most perfect corn cultivator is secured, doing fully the 
 work of three with open shovels, and economizing the work that 
 much. Every weed is uprooted and buried, and right up to the hills, 
 and the land is left level, and a fine dust mulch covers the soil, and 
 no both ways culture is needed. With the use of the wide sweep 
 harrows, and Breed's weeders at the start, doing an acre in half an 
 
i6 
 
 hour, weeds are killed as fast as they germinate, the land cannot 
 crust, and with three after cultures with the cultivator, the field is 
 one for a good crop. This year an account of the time devoted to 
 to the cultivation of our corn crop per acre was kept. We had ideal 
 culture, acres with no weeds, or foxtail grass, and after the planting, 
 less than six hours were used to the acre, and part of this crop was 
 on old land in corn the year previous, and for field corn on old past- 
 ure sod nothing near this amount of time was consumed. 
 
 For the past six years this has been our practice in the culture of 
 our corn, both for the silo, and the crib, and it seems to us to be the 
 most economical method and brings the largest results for the outlay. 
 This year was the dryest ever known in Ohio, and with this plan of 
 culture and fertilizing — no commercial manure used — we secured the 
 heaviest stand of silage corn both in stalk and ear ever harvested on 
 the farm, and the field corn despite cutworms, drouth, and a frost, 
 came out a final fair crop. We think it a good plan to sow rye in 
 the corn at the last working, and give the soil something to do 
 after corn cutting, and protect the land from washing and leaching. 
 Crimson clover in more southern latitudes will no doubt be better. 
 
 To sum up, have land rich m decaying humus, and good fertility, 
 plow not too deep, work it down to a garden bed for tilth, plant in 
 drills, work with rapid, wide running harrows and weeders, then 
 with a bar cultivator ; cultivate shallow, kill weeds, not corn, be in 
 season to do corn work, and nothing save an invading army can work 
 a total destruction of a corn crop. 
 
 Corn Tools. 
 
 There is no tool that will so successfully prepare a corn field as the 
 regular Cutaway harrow. We illustrate simply two styles here, viz. 
 the -'A-C" Cutaway, wood frame, and the ''A-S" Cutaway, steel 
 frame. This harrow is made in all sizes of this pattern from six feet 
 to sixteen feet cut. It is a general purpose harrow and there is no 
 tool that will so thoroughly prepare the ground for any seed as 
 Clark's Cutaway. 
 
 For listed corn we have adapted our regular A-6 Reversible har- 
 row which is shown in the article following the cultivation of 
 orchards. The first two cuts of the A-6 Reversible harrow show the 
 
 first operation, the following two cuts — which we number 3 and 4 
 
 show the last two methods of preparing listed corn. We annex a few 
 testimonials on the listing harrow which fully explain its merits. 
 
I? 
 
 The "A" Series Cutaway Harrow. 
 
 A 6. 
 Width of Cut, six feet. 
 
 The above cut represents Clark's Cutaway Harrow with weight 
 boxes and clod breakers. The Cutaway Harrow will thoroughly 
 cut and pulverize the soil to the depth of four or more inches. 
 
 It is a Dandy. Our New Steel Frame. 
 
 A 8, 8-foot. 
 
 W^e make three sizes, 6, 7 and 8-foot. 
 
 We call your special attention to our new steel frame Cutaway. 
 This is the strongest and most durable harrow ever yet put upon the 
 market. The above cut represents the A-8, eight foot cut. 
 
A-6 Listing Harrow. 
 
 This Harrow has been thoroughly tested in the listed corn fields 
 of Kansas the past season, and has proved to be the only perfect tool 
 for cultivating listed corn. From the reports of all using it, it has no 
 equal as a pulverizer and exterminator of weeds and volunteer wheat 
 on lands followed by wheat (wheat being the worst weed in wheat) it 
 proves to be a most efficient tool, and, in fact, the most effective of 
 pulverizers, always performing double work. It is not liable to clog, 
 being higher and more roomy. It throws the soil either toward or 
 away from the crop. 
 
 Reports from Kansas last season where this harrow was used 
 during the severe drouth, report that it saved them their corn crop. 
 One party reports that he got twenty bushels increase per acre from 
 the use of this harrow, and in many places it saved the corn crop. In 
 fields where the harrow was used, the corn was of a healthy, dark 
 green growth, when in neighboring fields it withered up. By the use 
 of this harrow, during the severest drouth, the ground was kept 
 thoroughly pulverized and moist, and continued the growth of the 
 corn, destroying all weeds. 
 
 Cut No. 3 represents the harrow changed to a cultivator, and in 
 this form is used for the first cultivation of corn. To change the 
 gangs from cut No. i and 2, as shown in cut No. 3, take the nut off 
 from the outer end of each axle and draw out the shafts, then take 
 off both the outer and inner end disks. Next put on the large disks, re- 
 placing four of the 16-inch disks and spools in regular order. Be very 
 particular that the nuts and washers are set up tight and hard so all 
 will be firm. 
 
 The Cultivator as thus set can be run at any desired width at 
 center from two to sixteen inches, running as close or far away from 
 the corn as desired, and at any desired angle. 
 
 Cut No. 4 represents the cultivator set for cultivating towards 
 the corn, and is changed from the Listing Cultivator, as follows. 
 The short shafts are used as shown in cut No. 3, generally with 
 four disks to a gang. The first disk on the inner end is left off and 
 the large disk is put on in the second place, but if the large disks 
 throw too much dirt you can use four or five 16-inch disks on the 
 gangs as desired. In all cases after the disks have been adjusted 
 the gang shaft nuts must be screwed down firm and solid to 
 prevent disks from getting loose. The amount of earth moved in 
 each condition is determined largely by the adjustment or angle of 
 the gangs. 
 
 The cultivator will cultivate corn from three to three and one- 
 half feet high. The disks can be so arranged on these cultivators 
 that they will do excellent work on any sowed crop. 
 
19 
 
 A-6 Listing Harrow. 
 
 The cut No, 3 represents the harrow changed to a cultivator, and in this form is used for the first 
 cultivation of corn. To change the gangs from cut No. r and 2, as shown in cut No. 3, take the nut 
 off from the outer end of each axle and draw out the shafts, then take off both the outer and inner end 
 disks, replacing four of the 16-inch disks and spools in regular order. Be very particular that the nuts 
 and washers are set up tight and hard so all will be firm. 
 
 The Cultivator as thus set can be run at any desired width at center from '.two'to sixteen inches, 
 running as close or far away from corn as desired, and at any desired angle. 
 
 This cut shows the Harrow set for last operation. 
 
 The cut No. 4 represents the cultivator set for cultivating towards the corn, and is changed from 
 the Listing Cultivator, as follows. The short shafts are used as shown in cut No. ^, generally with 
 four disks to a gang. The first disk on the inner end is left off and the large disk is put on in the 
 second place, but if the large disks throw too much dirt you can use four or five 16-inch disks on the 
 gangs as desired. In all cases after a disk has been adjusted the gang shaft nuts must be screwed 
 down firm and solid to prevent disks from gettmg loose. The amount of earth moved in each condi- 
 tion is determined largely by the adjustment or angle of the gangs. ^.^ j- , 
 
 The cultivator will cultivate corn from three to three ond one-half feet high. 1 he disks can be so 
 arranged on these cultivators that they will do excellent work on any sowed crop. 
 
36 inch Right Lap Cutaway. 
 
 One very essential point in Right Laps we desire to call your 
 attention to is the much greater scope of the disks and the greater 
 working angle. The regular harrow disks work the soil about six 
 inches wide, while the Right Lap much more thoroughly pulverizes 
 to the width of about nine inches; practically the right hand gang 
 does double work of the regular harrow gang. Always be particu- 
 lar to weight left hand gang as per directions. 
 
 The Right Lap Cutaway. 
 
 The Right Lap Cutaway is made in three sizes, the 24-inch 
 being reversible; the 36 and 48-inch are not reversible. All of the 
 Right Laps will do more work than any plow in breaking up all 
 stubble or old land, cutting all trash, weeds and stubble to a fine 
 mulch and pulverizing the soil thororoughly to a depth of from four 
 to six inches, and 36 and 48 inches wide respectively. 
 
 No dead furrows or center ridges, the ground being left in a 
 most perfect condition for cultivating, each furrow lappino- the 
 other. Experience shows that the lap furrow aerates and puts the 
 soil in better shape that the flat. 
 
Facts on Tillage. 
 
 BY F. H. DOW. 
 
 It is useless for the farmer to attempt to grow profitable crops 
 without thorough preparation of the soil. The field must be plowed 
 in a workmanlike manner and well pulverized with a good harrow. 
 I have never found a more satisfactory implement for this purpose 
 than the "CUTAWAY." My favorite method of growing corn is to 
 break up a piece of sod in autumn and spread on manure during 
 the autumn and winter. In the spring give it a thorough harrowing 
 with the "CUTAWAY," which cuts and pulverizes the manure, no 
 matter how strawy it may be, and mixes it with the soil admirably 
 without clogging. Ground fitted in this way will bring a pleasing 
 growth and yield of corn if the season is at all favorable and the 
 crop has been properly taken care of afterwards. It may nearly all 
 be done with the horse and cultivator, too. A large crop of pota- 
 toes may also be harvested by pursuing the same method; and after 
 the potatoes are dug a crop of rye can be grown very cheaply by 
 simply harrowing it in. If preferred, it may be plowed under in the 
 spring, thus enriching the soil. 
 
 Many farmers use the harrow too little. It is with using the 
 harrow, very much the same as with the old lady in sweetening her 
 pies, who said she put in all the sugar she could afford, then shut her 
 eyes and put in as much more. Harrow what you think the soil 
 needs, then harrow it some more until the soil is very fine and mel- 
 low; the finer the better. Thorough culture, with a little manure, is 
 far better than a large amount of manure and a poorly prepared soil. 
 
 F. H. Dow. 
 West Caton, N. Y., Aug. 19, '95. 
 
 For the preparation of corn stalk land for the purpose of seed- 
 ing to wheat, rye, barley and oats there is no tool that can surpass 
 the Right Lap Cutaway, reversible. These "Right Laps" break up 
 all stubble land, cut all trash and stubble to a fine mulch and pulver- 
 ize the soil most thoroughly to a depth of from four to six inches and 
 from 24 to 48 inches wide. No dead furrows, every furrow being 
 alike all over the field. No center ridges, the whole field being left 
 smooth and level. The Right Lap will do more work than any plow 
 in breaking up stubble or old land, and experience has shown that 
 the lap furrow much more thoroughly aerates the soil than the flat 
 furrow. We desire to call your attention to the much greater scope of 
 the disks in the Right Lap, doing nearly double the work of the reg- 
 ular harrow disk. We also fit the 36 and 48 inch Right Laps with an 
 absolute force feed seeder. This is no experiment, but is the best 
 force feed ever put upon the market. Read what one of our leading 
 agriculturists says pertaining to the work of the Right Lap. We 
 show here cut of the 36 with and without seeder. The work of plow- 
 ing, harrowing and seeding is done at one operation. We ask your 
 careful attention to these tools. 
 
Always Weight the Straight Disk Gang with a 
 
 Bag of Sand. 
 
 Clark's 36-inch Right Lap Cutaway with Force Feed Seeder. 
 
 The 36 and 48 inch Right Laps are fitted with a force feed 
 seeder that is absolute for seeding all kinds of grain. This force 
 feed drill will do better work than the majority of the seed drills 
 now in use. They have been thoroughly tested in all sections of 
 the country and for sowing all kinds of grain have no equal. 
 
 Read What One of Our Leading Agriculturists Says. 
 
 I have finished this p. m. putting in ten acres of buckwheat with 
 your Right Lap Cutaway, for the purpose of turning under this fall, 
 and to say that I am pleased with it is-faint praise. We drew the oats 
 off the field and the next day began putting in the wheat on the oat 
 stubble. 
 
 We first threw the wheat on the stubble, following with the Right 
 Lap Cutaway, and found that even on our clay soil that with once go- 
 ing over with the lever in the second notch it cut a furrow four 
 inches deep and all that was needed to complete the job was to go 
 over the field with a roller and the buckwheat was as slick as grease. 
 
 This morning we put in half an acre of peas with it on black, 
 mucky soil. We could easily plow six inches deep. It is a great tool. 
 
 P. S. — The buckwheat was all up in fine order within eighty-six 
 hours from sowing. 
 
 This Right Lap Cutaway is also adapted for general work; it be- 
 ing reversible, is the best cultivator ever put out for orchard work. 
 
 Every Cutaway Warranted. 
 
23 
 
 Preparation of the Ground for Potatoes. 
 
 BY T. B. TERRY. 
 
 In this latitude (Northern Ohio) a two year old red clover sod 
 gives the best foundation for a good crop of potatoes. Again, the 
 fertility is obtained in this way cheaply. Of course, the soil should 
 be well drained, either naturally or with tiles. Clover or other sod 
 manured heavily for corn and then sown to rye in the fall, to be 
 plowed under in the spring for potatoes, is a good preparation. 
 Avoid using fresh manure, or better yet, any manure, directly on 
 land for potatoes. The crop likes old fertility. Apply the manure 
 to the clover, or the corn as above. If you must apply directly let it 
 be done the fall before, at least. An excellent rotation for early 
 potatoes is clover, potatoes and wheat. We have followed this three 
 year rotation for many years. 
 
 Potatoes do best, particularly in a dry season, in a deep soil. 
 We have practiced gradually increasing the depth of ours for many 
 years by plowing the clover sod half an inch or so deeper every three 
 years, when it is broken up. Thus we bring up a little fresh subsoil 
 to be submitted to action of sun and frost and be worked into soil. 
 We now plow eight to ten inches deep. We always use a wheel and 
 jointer on the plow. The wheel makes uniform work and the jointer, 
 or little plow, in advance completely buries all rubbish and sod. 
 The plowing should be thoroughly done. Don't use an old plow 
 point that won't keep right down exactly where you want it to. 
 Don't skip an inch of land. Get every stump and stone out of the 
 way if practicable (we have done this) and every tree too. 
 Don't turn furrows over flat. Turn a lap furrow. The surface 
 fertility is then distributed through the soil more. Don't plow too 
 early. Wait till the soil is dry. Don't harrow when wet, or even 
 when moist if you can help it, if soil is at all clayey. The yield of 
 many a crop is injured seriously before the seed is planted. Potatoes 
 like a loose mellow soil. They don't want the ground packed, as 
 wheat does. We are exceedingly particular on our farm to keep off 
 our potato land when it is not quite dry. Everywhere that a horse 
 steps when plowing or harrowing moist soil on ordinary land (not 
 sandy), a compact ball of earth will be formed beneath that can 
 hardly be penetrated by roots. The mould board, land side and even 
 bottom of plow pack the ground, if wet, which is just what should 
 not be done. Some one asked me why I did not have cleaners on 
 my Cutaway harrow once. I replied that when soil was moist 
 enough so they were needed a man better go fishing than be at work 
 on his land. If there are low places that would bother when rest of 
 field is dry enough, why drain them so all will be alike. That is the 
 way we have done and it is business too. 
 
24 
 
 Now your plowing is done, not turning furrows over flat but 
 leaving them up loose, just a little more than well over. What nice 
 shape the field is in for harrowing. Under these conditions the first 
 harrow used may be a smoothing harrow with a large number of 
 small teeth slanting backwards. This harrowing should be done 
 daily, or oftener, as the plowing progresses (with harrow weighted), 
 so as to prevent the soil from drying out. It should always be the 
 same way the field was plowed so as to smooth the furrows over, not 
 tear them up. I speak of the smoothing harrow for this use because 
 it answers well for this purpose and then it is necessary after the 
 planting is done to go over the field with three or four times before 
 the crop comes up. Thus all weeds are kept down and the soil made 
 very fine. 
 
 But now on most soils this is not enough tillage. It will pay 
 wonderfully well to put more work on the land. What tools do we 
 need? Just two and no more. I say this after long experience. 
 After using the smoothing harrow I would rather like to have a heavy 
 rain. Then when soil gets dry enough roll it down perhaps with 
 heavy roller. Then comes the proper time for the Cutaway harrow 
 to do its best work. It is not the proper place to use it right after 
 plowing. Let the earth become settled some. It is a digging har- 
 row, not a smoothing harrow at all. It takes the place of cross 
 plowing. There is but one proper way to run the original Cutaway 
 harrow, that is back and forth, lapping half. With careful driving I 
 can thus leave my soil practically level. What I throw one way in 
 going down through field is thrown back when I return. On many 
 fields it will pay to go lengthwise and crosswise lapping half each 
 way, that is four times over all the field. I don't care how tough 
 your sod is the "Cutaway"' will work up a seed bed if it can be done. 
 We lately took up some old fences and plowed the terribly tough sod. 
 Repeated working with "Cutaway" made us a fair seed bed on the 
 worst place 1 ever saw, all roots and June grass sod, as it would seem, 
 before we harrowed it. A plain disk harrow in such a place would 
 be of no use. 
 
 On light, mellow soil there is not so much difference between the 
 work of the two implements, of course, but under all circumstances I 
 prefer the "Cutaway" as I have long said. For years we had both 
 and used them side by side, and as a result we laid aside the disk and 
 got a second "Cutaway." It digs deeper and does more work, on 
 my farm, with less power, that is all there is of it. And I want it 
 understood that the manufacturers of this tool have never asked me to 
 say this in this article. It is what I have preached in the Practical 
 Farmer of Philadelphia, for years, and in books written on the sub- 
 ject of Potato Culture, etc. It comes from long experience. There 
 
25 
 
 is no digging harrow on earth that equals the Cutaway in my esti- 
 mation. After using this tool freely smooth down with some 
 smoothing harrow, and roll, and you are ready for planting. If your 
 field is ridged at all by use of Cutaway (a disk harrow will ridge it 
 more) from careless driving or from not lapping half and going back 
 and forth, a clod crusher made of say six 4 by 4 inch scantling about 
 8 feet long will level it nicely. These .should be placed side by side 
 with a corner of each one down and holes bored and two iron rods 
 put through to hold them. Get on and ride and this will level your 
 field nicely. In our rotation after the potatoes are dug we depend 
 almost entirely on the Cutaway to dig up the surface ready for 
 wheat sowing without plowing. This fall we will try the Cutaway 
 Revolving Plow or Harrow that throws all one way, for this purpose. 
 Perhaps this will take the place of the old style and we can go 
 around a field lapping half instead of back and forth as we now do. 
 
 T. B. Terry. 
 Hudson, Ohio, September 7, 1895. 
 
 For potato culture, it is hardly necessary for us to add to the 
 fine article written by Mr. Terry, so nicely has he woven the 
 "Cutaway" into his work. We can simply say that the tools best 
 adapted for this work are the regular "A" series of Cutaway harrows, 
 as illustrated. 
 
 It is a Dandy. Our New Steel Frame. 
 
 A 8, 8-foot. 
 We make three sizes, 6, 7 and 8-foot. 
 
 We call your special attention to our new steel frame Cutaway. 
 This is the strongest and most durable harrow ever yet put upon the 
 market. The above cut represents the A-8, eight foot cut. 
 
26 
 
 How to Grow Grass. 
 
 BY GEORGE M. CLARK. 
 
 Moist land is best for grass; swamp lands, when properly- 
 graded, prove the best. Do not underdrain them until first tried by- 
 grading. If they contain too much muck, sand should be mixed 
 with the surface. Twice as much grass can be grown on the wet as 
 on the dry lands, say five tons per acre on the moist and two and 
 one-half tons per acre on the dry lands would be a good average 
 crop. 
 
 Timothy and Red Top mixed give the best results, they ma- 
 ture well together, and will stand from six to seven years. In re- 
 seeding, all old grasses must be killed out before sowing the new 
 seed. To continue a grass crop only two or three months is al- 
 lowed to destroy the old sod and re-seed. To do that work the 
 only class of tools which I have found are made by the Cutaway 
 Harrow Company, and known as their "Cutaway" plows and har- 
 rows. With the aid of these machines all the old sod can be en- 
 tirely destroyed and the new seed sown in less than sixty days. If 
 we do not fully destroy all the old grasses they return and destroy 
 the young grasses. The old grass must be killed before planting 
 new. 
 
 The Cutaway Revolving Gang Plow, the Right Lap Cutaway 
 and the Cutaway Harrow, all made by the Cutaway Harrow Com- 
 pany, will kill and destroy the toughest sod. They also make a 
 Smoothing Harrow, the best on the market to grade grass fields, 
 trotting parks, or any land; all cheap, durable and effective. 
 Since the 15th of July with one each of the above mentioned tools 
 I have subdued ten acres of my toughest grass land. I first cut it 
 up with the Gang plow, then with the Right Lap Cutaway, and 
 again with the Cutaway Harrow, after which with their Smoothing 
 Harrow I graded and harrowed in the grass seed; all was finished 
 on September 7th, in less than fifty days the old grass had been en- 
 tirely killed. 
 
 I sow fourteen quarts each of re-cleaned Timothy and Red Top 
 upon each acre. This ten-acre field is a part of a sixteen-acre lot 
 which I have had down to grass for five, six and seven years. The 
 total first crop in the last four years of well-dried hay has been over 
 two hundred and forty-six tons. My best acre of swamp bottom 
 has yielded over six tons each year. That acre is a portion of the 
 ten just re-seeded, and from which I expect to get nearly or quite 
 six tons next year. Yours truly, 
 
 George M. Clark, 
 Higganum, Conn., September i, 1895, 
 
Grass. 
 
 Prof. Roberts, of Cornell University, at a recent Farmers Insti- 
 tute said: "There are three golden links in agriculture, and if the 
 chain be broken you very soon find that, first, the land suffers, and 
 next the people suffer. These links are implied in this statement: We 
 raise a plant to feed an animal, to make fertility, to raise another 
 plant to feed another animal to make more fertility." This embraces 
 all there is of permanently successful agriculture.but there are innumer- 
 able particulars embraced in this law that are not stated. The plants 
 as well as the animals must be fed, and the product of the soil must 
 pay a tax to the farmer whose head directs and whose hands perform 
 the labor involved in the operation. This theory cannot be carried 
 out without grass, which must ever be the sheet anchor of successful 
 farming, and the true meadow g'-asses are large consumers and small 
 producers of nitrogen — an element necessary to their succe tsfu 
 growth. This nitrogen must be supplied or the grass will deteriorate. 
 Nitrogen exists abundantly in the air, but sparingly in the soil. A 
 pasture should improve with age. But the best perennial grasses 
 will deteriorate or die out unless aided. All the substance taken 
 off, whether crops, meat, wool, milk or butter, are mostly that much 
 taken from the soil. The place of these must be supplied one way or 
 another. One way is to purchase nitrogeneous fertilizers, or make 
 them elsewhere than on the pastuie land; another way is to tear up 
 the grass sod, cutting the old hardened roots, and causing new feed- 
 ers to put out in search of plant food, and scatter in clover (the 
 crimson seems the best in most of the Southwest) or, if there are 
 places where the grass is weak, a few cow peas will gather nitrogen 
 from the atmosphere and distribute it where it is most needed. Per- 
 ennial grasses will become weak if the roots are left undisturbed, 
 because these roots become hard, like heart wood in a tree, and can 
 no longer feed the plant. Tearing these roots up new ones will 
 grow and the grass take on a new lease of life. In Europe a 
 harrow made of sharp cutting teeth is used for this purpose, and 
 every two or three years the grass is gone over with this implement and 
 the grass thus treated is preserved for ten or twenty years, or longer, 
 in perfect vigor. There can be no permanent agricultural prosperity 
 without grass, hence the best manner of producing and preserving it 
 it is worthy of thought. This requires that nitrogen be supplied, 
 either by direct application, or by growing with the grass such plants 
 as have the power to gather it from the great fountain — the atmos- 
 phere. 
 
 The Cutaway "Right Lap" will do more than the English Sharp 
 Cutting Tooth harrow for contining grass fields. 
 
3° 
 
 Clark's Cutaway Smoothing and Leveling Harrow 
 
 The two cuts illustrate Clark's Smoothing and Leveling harrow which Mr. George 
 M. Clark used in the preparation of his grass field. 
 
 One^'Horse, 6 foot cut. 
 
 With this tool every field can be made as smooth as a floor and the soil pulverized 
 fine enough for a flower bed, makes a mo?t perfect onion bed. 
 
 This harrow is also a great road maker. One man with a horse can make a per- 
 fect trotting track of any road. It is adjustable with a lever by which the entire action 
 is controlled by the driver and he can remove at will all the earth possible for the team 
 to haul, taking it from hills or uneven places and putting it into hollows to level up the 
 field. 
 
 Made in two sizes; one horse, 6-ft; two horse, 8-ft. 
 
 Two Horse, 8 foot cut. 
 
 The tools which Mr. Clark mostly used in the preparation of his celebrated grass 
 fields are, viz. First, the Cutaway Revolving Gang Plow which we herewith describe. 
 Also it is our pleasure to show a cut produced from a photograph taken in a field by 
 Mr. C. E. Swenson, Nourse, Texas. This illustration shows what the plow will do in 
 a field of wild sunflowers ranging from eight to twelve feet in height. We call your 
 special attention to our full description of these plows. 
 
 The next tool was the regular Cutaway harrow, which we have fully described in a 
 previous article. For finishing and smoothing the ground Mr. Clark used the cele- 
 brated Cutaway Smoothing and Leveling harrow. With this tool every field can be 
 made as smooth as a floor and the soil made fine enough for a flower bed; there is no 
 tool that will produce so perfect a seed bed as this smoothing and leveling harrow. 
 
 This machine is also a great road builder. With it one man with one horse can 
 make a perfect trotting track of any road. As you will notice by cut, it is adjustable 
 with a lever by which the entire action is controlled by the driver, who will remove at 
 will all the earth possible for a team to haul, taking it from hills and uneven places and 
 putting it into hollows and leveling up the field. 
 
31 
 
 Clark's Cutaway Revolving Plow ! ! ! 
 
 BY C. E. SWENSON, NOURSE, TEXAS. 
 
 The most simple, effective, useful, durable and labor-Saving 
 Tool of the kind made. Plows from 32 to 40 inches wide (according 
 to size) and from 3 to 6 inches deep with 4 horses. The cuts on fol- 
 lowmg pages are of 32 inch Plow at work in a patch of sunflowers, rag 
 weeds and artichokes much taller than the team and as thick as they 
 could go through, plowing nearly 6 inches deep with 4 horses. 
 
 You will understand the wonderful simplicity and effectiveness 
 of the Plow by these cuts and the principle on which it works. In 
 appearance it resembles a harrow but the gangs are connected in 
 center by ball and socket joint and you will notice that the left hand 
 gang has 7?a;/ (not curved) notched disks and are set straight or at 
 right angles with the pole and is rigid and acts as coulters and land- 
 bars, cutting trash, cracking and pulverizing the ground/^;- and 
 resisting the pressure of the plows or right gang which has curved 
 cutaway disks and which can be angled by a lever in front as much 
 or little as desired or necessary. The steel spring mould boards 
 comes down just behind each one of the disks on right gang and 
 helps' to completely turn the furrows and level the land. The 
 weight necessary for the kind of land or depth of work to be done you 
 will notice is placed on left gang only to make coulters go down 
 about as deep as you wish to plow them next time around the right 
 gang or plows will have no trouble to go into the ground. 
 
 This Plow will do as much and better work than two sulkey or 
 mouldboard plows for the simple reason it will cut the stalks or trash 
 and mix thoroughly /;/ and pulverize the ground as no mouldboard 
 plow can do: in fact, it does the work of a stalk-cutter, harrow and 
 plow and remember at one going over the land besides taking only 4 
 horses and i man instead of a horse and 2 men to do your plowing 
 in same time, saying nothing about the extra time and cost it takes 
 to cut the stalks and harrowing the ground to get it in same fix by 
 the old method. 
 
 No Solid disk plow or harrow can compare with the Cutaway 
 either for plowing or harrowing or lightness of draft in hard ground 
 because a solid disk cannot penetrate the ground as easily as the 
 Cutaway Disk. All farmers know by experience that they cannot dig 
 as easily in hard tough ground with a shovel as with a spade or with 
 a grubbing hoe as with a pick, and of course the same principle holds 
 good between the solid disk and the Cutaway. I know of no tool of 
 the kind which is as useful, simple, durable and labor-saving as 
 Clark's Cutaway Revolving Plow and I think all who have bought 
 one will agree with me on this because there are several tools in one, 
 
32 
 
 'f 
 
 ilM'ti 
 
 liwilPi *^^ / 
 
 namely a Plow, Harrow, Stalk-Cutter and also a Drill if latest im- 
 proved seeder is attached or bought with it, for it is strictly a force 
 feed and drops the grain to the bottom of the furrows just behind 
 each of the right hand disks and is covered at same time and in rows 
 8 inches apart, same as a regular drill only the land is left level 
 instead of in small furrows. Now Farmers, if all of the above is 
 true, — is not this Plow worthy of your investigation? Is there any 
 sensible farmer that will invest a big sum of money in several imple- 
 ments to stand around (as is generally the case) to rust and rot, say- 
 ing nothing about the extra time and cost it takes to operate and 
 keep them in repair when he knows he can get One that will do the 
 work of all above mentioned and that at one operation ? 
 
 I will mention some of the most necessary things it will do to 
 show you it is the most labor-saving and useful tool you can buy. 
 Of course you know about the amount of time and work and cost it 
 takes to put in a crop as before, and the shape in which it leaves the 
 land, but, with one of these plows and the latest seeder attached, all 
 you have to do (if you want to sow wheat in corn land for instance) 
 is to hitch your horses and put wheat in seeder and plow across the 
 rows and it will cut your stalks and turn them under so they won't be 
 in your way at harvest, and pulverize and level your land and drill 
 your wheat or grain in at same time, and at the rate of from 4 to 6 or 
 more acres a day accordingto speed of team and the time you put in. 
 In cotton land it will do the same, so you won't be bothered but very 
 little, if any, in either harvest or threshing. In the spring when put- 
 
33 
 
 ting in oats, millet, sorghum, etc., and especially in weedy ground 
 you would have to either pulverize or plow and then drill in to keep 
 weeds from taking crop, but with Clark's Revolving Plow you do it 
 all at once and in the shortest possible time and with by far the least 
 expense. 
 
 If you like level cultivation, then for planting potatoes, etc.,' it is 
 very handy for it opens up and covers at same time and leaves the 
 land in the finest shape, and you can have the rows any distance you 
 wish apart by taking up disks. 
 
 I attached a corn planter to a 40 in. plow (making rows 3 ft. 4 
 in. apart) and used it for planting nearly all my corn this spring, and 
 I cannot see but what it is just as good or even better than any other 
 method because all done at one stroke, namely: plowing, pulverizing, 
 opening up, planting and covering and with only one man. The only 
 trouble being at ends and that did not amount to much, only taking 
 a little more room in turning. When first row is laid off straight it is 
 no trouble to keep balance straight. 
 
 I had less trouble to keep that corn clean than any other because it 
 gave the ground such a rough working while planting that the weeds 
 could not get much chance. All farmers know (or ought to know) 
 that the more and better working they give their land just before 
 and while planting the less trouble they will have afterwards, and the 
 more thrifty the crop. 
 
 Justafter harvest if the grain is put in rows and in small hand 
 stocks (which is by far the best way anyhow) a man can get over his 
 
34 
 
 Liiid in a hurry with the Cutaway Plow, and there is nothing that can 
 compare with it, and then as a general thing the land plows better 
 that time of the year than any other, and by attaching, hitching to or 
 following with a cotton planter a man can plant this land in cotton at 
 same time with very little if any extra trouble or expense, besides 
 seed it and it is surer to make a crop after the Cutaway Plow than 
 any other tool because it pulverizes the ground so perfectly that it 
 will retain the moisture. Now if the cotton makes anything, and 
 price of same justifies to pick it before stalks or even leaves are dry 
 if possible, good and well, if not, the same; attach seeder (if you wish 
 to put in grain) and plow across the rows, and turn under the green 
 cotton, drill in your wheat or grain at the same time and thus bring 
 your land up instead of running it down and when it can be done so 
 easily and cheaply too. Cotton is the next best thing to peas here in 
 the back soil for renovating it. 
 
 Now farmer friends some of the above may seem impossible and 
 even ridiculous to you and some of you may even probably believe 
 me to be an unmitigated misrepresentor and while you have no right 
 to, still I do not wonder at or blame you nor do I suppose I can help 
 myself before farther acquaintance and because there are so many 
 frauds in every line that a person must and naturally will, and prob- 
 ably from past experience learn to keep his eyes open and not bite at 
 every bait that is put out for him, but this is not bait but the plain 
 unavoidable tnctJi and hard sound facts. 
 
 I am an experimental farmer myself and have tried nearly all 
 the different kinds of implements intended for the ordinary crops and 
 kind of soil here and between and including plank drags and steam 
 plows as well as hundreds of varieties of seeds, and of course it is 
 not necessary for me to tell you I have found many frauds and often 
 been a sucker too, and I honestly believe my experience has cost me 
 enough and that I have had enough to know what I am talking about 
 and will prove it to you if you will only give me a chance. 
 
 Now if you mean business and will buy a plow, if as it is repre- 
 sented and there is none that you know of in your immediate locality, 
 write to me and say so, and I will bring one and show you in your 
 own field what it will do and you dont have to pay a cent until you 
 are satisfied. 
 
 Have you ever had anything fairer than this offered you ? Can 
 you ask for anv more ? 
 
 I tell you the plain truth, I will handle only a few implements 
 and those of extra merit only. Clark's Revolving Plow is one imple- 
 ment that will pay for itself in a short time both in the saving of 
 labor and m bigger yield on account of the way it handles the dirt 
 and because you can get over your ground when in the best shape and 
 in a hurry. 
 
35 
 
 Don't be doubtful enough to keep from investigating about and 
 buying a Cutaway Plow, for the time will surely come when you will 
 regret you did not buy. 
 
 Don't take it for granted that I claim it will plow or do anything 
 anywhere for it will not, and is only intended for land already in culti- 
 vation. It is not intended for breaking sod, or land that is too rocky, 
 or land as hard as the public road or in mud holes, but land in shape 
 that any good, honest, reasonable, sensible farmer would expect it to or 
 want it worked. There is nothing yet out (that I am aware of) that 
 will equal or even compare with it and that will give a farmer better 
 satisfaction. Now in conclusion will simply say: Hoping that this 
 will be the cause of giving Clark's Revolving Plow the investigation 
 and attention it so justly deserves and assuring you that you will 
 never regret the day you buy one, I beg to remain most respect- 
 fully yours. 
 
36 
 
 An Entirely New Departure. 
 
 A Complete Revolution in Plowing 
 Clark's Cutaway Revolving Plow, Series 2. 
 
 This Cut represents the 40-inch Cutaway Revolving Gang Plow. 
 
 This plow is constructed in similar form to the harrow. The 
 left-hand gang is set rigid, at right angles with the pole, and con- 
 structed with flat-notched disks, and connected with the right-hand 
 gang by means of a ball and socket joint. 
 
 The right-hand gang is constructed with curved Cutaway Disks, 
 with steel mould boards in the rear. This gang is adjustable to 
 different angles, and controlled by means of a rachet lever, thus 
 regulating the depth of cut. The greater the angle the deeper the 
 furrow. 
 
 The flat disks serve as coulters, cutting the ground for the 
 curved disks, which follow in the same track the next time around, 
 acting as plowshares, penetrating and lifting the earth, the steel 
 spring mould boards completely turning the furrow, plowing and 
 finishing a furrow of the width indicated by the size of the plow 
 each time the field is crossed. 
 
 The mould-boards are so arranged that the driver can, by the 
 use of a foot lever, secure them firmly or loosely, and by raising 
 them, quickly free them from any entangling substance while the 
 plow is in motion. 
 
 These plows are not intended for tough sod plowing, but they 
 are an excellent stubble land and summer fallow plow; and wher- 
 ever they can be used, they far excel any other plow in quality of 
 work. In hard-baked adobe and clay lands an excellent seed bed 
 can be made by overlapping. They require less than half the power 
 of any other pattern of gang plow. Four horses can easily handle 
 the 40-inch plow, and plow from six to ten acres per day. The)- are 
 strong and durable. The wear and tear of the blades is not one- 
 fourth of what it is on ther kinds of plows. 
 
A Rotation for the Small Farmer. 
 
 PROF. W. C. WELBORN, IN SOUTHERN FARM GAZETTE. 
 
 A good deal of land in the South has been so run down that it 
 cannot be cultivated profitably. This has been brought about, I 
 think, more from washing due to continuous clean cultivation in cot- 
 ton than from all other causes combined. Careless, shallow plowing 
 up and down hill has facilitated this washing. 
 
 It is well known to every farmer how rapidly yield decreases 
 when the same crop follows itself year after year on the same land. 
 It is well known, too, that crops resembling do not follow each other 
 to good advantage, as corn, oats, sorghum, etc. Either of these does 
 remarkably well after cotton. In all the older agricultural countries 
 there is a regular system of rotation practiced. That is, some four 
 or five crops follow each other in regular succession. Land owners 
 require this rotation of tenants. In England a common rotation is, 
 first year, turnips; second year, barley; third and fourth years, clover; 
 and fifth year, wheat. In the older states of the North clover is in- 
 variably grown two years in every five, the other three being devoted 
 to corn, wheat or oats. In Germany or France, sugar, beets or pota- 
 toes may be grown in every rotation, but clover, or some like crop, is 
 surely given to enrich the land for the other crops. 
 
 The South ought to have a system of rotation. We can grow a 
 greater variety of profitable crops than any other part of our country, 
 and why waste our energies and our wealth of fertile soil in an un- 
 wise and wasteful course of cropping? 
 
 The small farmers throughout the South generally raise cotton, 
 corn and oats. Why not let these crops follow each other in regular 
 order? Then the rotation would be, first year cotton; second year, 
 corn and peas; third year, oats, followed by peas. The fourth year 
 the land would go back in cotton. It is not at all probable that the 
 time will soon come when a great majority of Southern farmers will 
 not raise cotton. Under such a system as proposed, a good corn 
 crop grown very cheaply could always be counted on after cotton. 
 The peas would enrich the land for the following oat crop. The oat 
 and pea crop would fill the land with vegetable matter and put it in 
 good physical condition for cotton again. 
 
38 
 
 So, in the South, we can grow our regular feed and sale crops 
 every year, and keep our land rich with the catchcrop, peas. Of 
 course it is understood the farm would have to be divided into three 
 parts so that each crop could be grown every year. There can be no 
 doubt that had such a system been practiced in the South, the third 
 of many farms in cotton would produce more than the whole now 
 does. 
 
 Every farmer can arrange for himself a rotation of the crops he 
 grows, remembering to always grow a leguminous, or food-bearing 
 crop, as often as possible, to bring down fertilizing matter from the 
 air for succeeding crops. 
 
 In the black land, lime, and heavy clay sections of the South, 
 red clover succeeds admirably and could be used in a rotation. In 
 the sandy and loamy sections, great claims are made for the annual 
 crimson clover. Sowed the last working of corn or cotton it makes 
 luxuriant growth in fall and winter, affording good winter grazing 
 and completing its growth next spring in time for another regular 
 crop. It will not succeed on heavy soils. 
 
 For general use in rotation of crops you want the celebrated 
 Right Lap Cutaway with Seeder and the A-4J4 Cutaway, Reversible. 
 
 There has no tool ever yet been introduced into the cotton field 
 that has made so complete a revolution as the celebrated A — 4^ 
 Cutaway Harrow, which we herewith illustrate. 
 
 This tool has been in successful operation some five years in the 
 cotton fields. It is with pleasure we annex the following testimon- 
 ials telling what it will do. 
 
 We also illustrate the "A — 5 " Cutaway Harrow which has been 
 used extensively in the south, this being a light 2-horse harrow. 
 
 ^^'e also make this reversible, when desired. 
 
39 
 
 The A-4 One Horse Cutaway. 
 
 The "A" Series Cutaway Harrow. 
 
 Width of Cut, five Jeet. 
 We make all sizes from four feet to sixteen feet. 
 
4° 
 
 The A4>^ Reversible Cutaway Harrow. 
 
 A Great Tool for Harrowing and Cultivating. 
 
 Set up for throwing the soil from the plant. 
 
 Gangs can be placed, 4, 6 or 8 inches apart as desired. In this shape it can be used for barring off 
 corn or cotton, cutting up the trash, clods, etc., thoroughly pulverizing the soil in the middle of rows, 
 making it the most efficient Cultivator used. , , .■ 
 
 We now use this harrow for putting in grain, preparing land for corn cotton, etc., bedding up the 
 land, barring up the rows in first working, and then reversing as shown on other side, for throwing the 
 soil from the plant. 
 
 All for same price as the plain harrow sold for heretofore. 
 
 For setting up the harrow in the above shape, place the gang bolts through holes in rear side of 
 [ongue board and throw lever forward. 
 
 Reversible Cutaway Harrow. 
 
 Set up for bedding up Corn or Cotton land, or throwing the soil to the plant. 
 
 With it in this shape, the farmer can bed his land equally as good as going 4 times with ordinary 
 plow, giving him the advantage of cutting up the stalks and trash, instead of having to pile and burn 
 them, being worth at least Si. 50 to $2.00 per acre as a fertilizer, also adding humus to the soil. 
 
 For setting up harrows in this shape, remove bolts in rear side of tongue board, wheel ■^an-^'s around 
 and place bolts in front holes of tongue board and throw lex^er backward. 
 
4J 
 
 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 Newburgh, Ala., Sept. 4, 1895. 
 Gents: — I could write a whole book in praise of the Cutaway 
 Harrow. I think it one of the grandest tools any farmer ever 
 owned. I cultivate corn, cotton, peas, water melons, sorghum cane, 
 in fact, I use it more or less in cultivating everything on the farm; 
 put in all my small grain. Tried alternating "lands" of oats put in 
 with turn plow, old style, and Cutaway harrow. Oats put in by 
 latter were sown on stalks without being broken and were 10 to 15^ 
 better and a week earlier. My corn I cultivated exclusively with 
 harrow. Can cultivate seventy-five acres straight corn with a single 
 man and two horses and can make more per acre, other things being 
 equal, than any one-horse plow farmer on earth and do it easier. 
 A hoe never has to follow a Cutaway harrow in corn, except to thin. 
 Yours truly, J. W. C. Smith. 
 
 J. W. C. Smith, of Newburg, Ala., says, "any farmer that will 
 not buy a Cutaway Harrow at the price does not want any improved 
 farm tools. To say that I am well pleased with mine puts it very 
 mild. I put in 40 acres of clover, grass and oats, and cultivated 60 
 acres corn, making 20 to 60 bushels to the acre and never put a plow 
 in the field after the rows were laid off. 
 
 McRae, Ga. Aug. 3, 1894. 
 Gents: — I am using your Cutaway Harrow to prepare first year's 
 new land; also for sowing peas and grain and for preparing and bed- 
 ding land, and find it the most perfect and needed help ever offered 
 the farmers in the shape of an agricultural implement for general 
 uses. Yours very respectfully, Chas. D. Adams. 
 
 Eunice, Ga. 
 Gents: — No farmer can afford to be without at least one 
 Cutaway Harrow. I am well pleased with mine and would not take 
 double what it cost if I could not get another. It is just the thing in 
 turf land, especially wire grass lands. 
 
 Yours truly, J. A. Williams. 
 
 Cochran, Ga. 
 Gents: — The Cutaway Harrow does excellent work, is a labor 
 saving land improver and a genuine cotton and corn stalk cutter; as 
 well as all other litter. It does all that is claimed for it and I am 
 more than pleased. 
 
 Yours truly, Jarret Green. 
 
4z 
 
 Eastman, Ga. 
 Gents: — 1 find the Cutaway Harrow indispensable on my land 
 for pulverizing and in many instances superceeding the plow. I take 
 no hesitancy in recommending it to the farmers generally. 
 
 Yours respectfully, Holt & Son. 
 
 Eastman, Ga. 
 Gentlemen: — I used the Cutaway Harrow for the purpose of 
 preparing a piece of land I cleared, never had any other plow on it, 
 and it thoroughly pulverized the soil, leaving it in nice condition for 
 any kind of seed. Respectfully, Rev. J. C. Carr. 
 
 Dublin, Ga. 
 Gentlemen: — The Cutaway Harrow is the best thing I ever saw 
 to cut up corn and cotton stalks and at the same time break up land. 
 It is a perfect success and I would not be without one. 
 
 Yours truly, J. R. Stinson. 
 
 Covington, Ga. 
 Gentlemen: — We used one of your Cutaway Harrows in Bur- 
 muda turf last season for twenty days, cutting it all to pieces, and 
 we could not plow the turf with a i-horse or a 2-horse plow. 
 
 Respectfully, Warren & Harris. 
 
 Scotland, Ga., Aug. 22, '94. 
 Gents: — I am using your Cutaway harrow and find it the best 
 agricultural tool I have ever used. I find it the very thing for bed- 
 ding up corn or cotton land for cultivating. I take pleasure in 
 recommending it to the farmers, C. A\\ Stewart. 
 
 Scotland, Ga., .Aug. 21, 1894. 
 Gents; — I take pleasure in recommending to the farmers of 
 South Georgia the Clark's Cutaway Harrow. You can't estimate its 
 worth on a farm unless you have one. 
 
 Yours truly, Jno. D. Stewart. 
 
 Princltux, S. C. 
 Gentlemen: — I have recently purchased one of your 2-horse 
 twelve 16-inch disk, 6-foot Cutaway Harrows. I am much pleased 
 with it and regard it one of the best implements a farmer can pur- 
 chase. Yours truly, J. B. Humbert. 
 
 Dublin, Ga. 
 Gents: — We broke up (50) acres of wire grass land with a plow 
 and left it so rough we could not make a crop on it the first year. 
 We purchased one of your Cutaway Harrows and find it better, if 
 anything, than recommended. 
 
 Yours truly, Galdwin Birch & Thos. Warren. 
 
43 
 
 The New Model Dutton Mower Knife Grinder. 
 
 ' A most valuable improvement has been made in the means used 
 for holding the knife to the grinding wheel, when being ground. 
 
 The pressure of the knife against the wheel is made less at the 
 lower part of the knife section, where the least grinding is needed, 
 and is gradually increased as the wheel is moved along the edge of 
 the section towards its point. 
 
 "Keep the Knives Sharp." 
 
 With a dull knife, the wear and strain, both on machine and 
 team, are greatly increased, and the grass will be badly cut. 
 
 A man, or even a boy, with this machine, can grind a mower 
 knife perfectly, and with ease and rapidity. 
 
 When a section is dulled or nicked by coming in contact with a 
 stone, as often happens, it can be sharpened without grinding the 
 other sections. 
 
 The Corundum Grinding Wheel 
 
 does its work well. It wears but little, and will last, according to 
 the amount of work done, from three to five years, and probably 
 longer. There is a large hole in the center of the wheel, made water 
 tight by the flanges which clamp the wheel and hold it in position. 
 When the machine is used this hole space is filled with water through 
 a small hole in the side of one of its flanges; the hole is then plugged 
 up. When turning the wheel in grinding, the water is driven 
 through its pore by centrifugal force, completely wetting its grmd- 
 ing surface, this prevents the temper of' the knife from being de- 
 stroyed, which would be done if the wheel were used dry. 
 
 The Operator 
 
 while grinding a knife, stands facing the side of the wheel and over 
 the knife clamp, this brings the grinding of the section directly under 
 the eye. 
 
 By means of a new improvement the grinder can be readily 
 clamped to a pole or the rim of any wheel having a width of from 3 
 to 5% inches. 
 
 Price, $5.00. 
 
44 
 
 We also illustrate the celebrated Clipper Whetsone which puts 
 on the finishing touches. A mowing machine knife made sharp wiih 
 these two tools will do nearly double the work that a dull machine 
 
 will. 
 
 The Clipper Whetstone. 
 
 Price 
 
 $1 
 
 .00. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 r- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 cS 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 ■-o 
 
 1 ■ 
 
 
 
 ■M 
 
 '.' ''■■,■ 
 
 i>5 S 
 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 £ ° 
 
 
 P-, 
 
 
 .5 r^ 
 
 
 OS 
 
 
 ■*? --s 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ,"i 
 
 e 5. 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 po 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 «:) 
 
 
 Ph 
 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 
 
 LU 
 
 o 
 
 a 
 
 LLJ 
 
 CO 
 
 05 
 < 
 
 1- 
 
 _l 
 Q. 
 
 UJ 
 
 I 
 I- 
 
Clark s Improved Root Cutter. 
 
 The above cut is represented as broken in the frame for the 
 purpose of showing cutting apparatus. 
 
 Perfection attained in cutting roots. The neatest, strongest, 
 simplest, cheapest and most perfect root cutter in the market. 
 
 This Cutter is built with a heavy oak frame, well bolted to- 
 gether; is staunch and strong, neatly finished, hansomely striped 
 and ornamented. The cutting apparatus consists of steel knives 
 (gouge shaped), so arranged on a wrought iron shaft that they 
 are perfectly secure; no chance of becoming loose or breaking. 
 The roots are neatly cut to pieces suitable for feeding. No coarse, 
 ungainly pieces are left by this Cutter. A boy can easily cut thirty- 
 five to forty bushels yer hour, so easily does it do its work. Don't 
 fail to examine it. 
 
Plow Testimonials. 
 
 Kansas, III., Aug. lo, 1895. 
 We the undersigned have this day witnessed an exhibition of 
 Clark's 40 inch Revolving Plow on John T. Bennett's farm, in both 
 wheat and oats stubble land and must say it did beautiiul work plow- 
 ing and turning successfully 40 inches or 80 inches to the round, 
 four and six inches deep and thoroughly pulverizing the ground 
 leaving it level and in excellent condition for seeding. 
 Four horses handle this Plow successfully. 
 
 John T. Bennett, 
 
 Sinned. 
 
 \V H. Bull, 
 
 J. Y W'lLHOIT, 
 
 Riley Nay, 
 
 T. B. COOKSEY, 
 
 Daniel Mink, 
 
 O. E. WiLHOIT, 
 
 C. C. Griffith. 
 
 La Crosse, Kansas, 
 Gents: — I used one of your Revolving Plows last fall to fit sixty 
 acres of ground for wheat. Part of the ground had not been 
 jilowed for six or seven years. It put it in fine condition for seed- 
 ing, and at the present time I have an excellent stand of wheat. I 
 consider it an excellent implement for this part of the country. 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 C. X. PECKHAM. 
 
 State Insane Hospital, 
 
 Kankakee, 111. 
 Geniiemen: — The Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane pur- 
 chased one of Clark's Cutaway Revolving Plows, Series a. We 
 plowed forty acres with it last fall and did a fine job. The ground 
 was so dry and hard that we could not plow with either walking or 
 riding mould board plow. 
 
 I think it is just the thing to put in fall grain with, for it not 
 only plows but pulverizes and levels, making a perfect seed bed all 
 at the same time, I look on the Tplow as a valuable acquisition to 
 any farm. Yours very truly, 
 
 S. M. CAULKINS. 
 
47 
 
 NoNCHALANTA, Kansas. 
 Gentlemen: — Allow us to add our testimony in I'ecommendation 
 of Clark's Cutaway Revolving Gang Plow. It will do all you claim 
 for it. Put in two hundred acres of wheat with one of your plows 
 last fall, and it is all in fine condition. 
 
 J. C. CLARK. Jr. 
 J. F. SPANGLER. 
 
 RiGGSTON, 111. 
 
 Gentlemen: — We used Clark's 48-inch Revolving Gang Plow to 
 prepare fifty-five acres of stubble land for wheat last fall, and it put 
 the land in better fix for wheat than we could have done it with the 
 common plow. Yours very truly 
 
 W. S. EBAUGH. 
 
 Harper, Kansas. 
 Gentlemen: — When I first received the Cutaway Plow, I did not 
 like it, but after some further improvements were made and I 
 learned how to use it, I liked it very much; one has to learn to run 
 it and use it for just what it was made for. On stubble or free- 
 working and reasonably clean soil I never saw anything that will do 
 the work it will. I am perfectly satisfied with my purchase and 
 would not now take for the plow the money I paid for it. 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 W. B. ORANGE. 
 
Harrow Testimonials. 
 
 Pomona, Calif. 
 Gentlemen: — Your Clark's Cutaway Disk Harrow is a success as 
 an orchard Cultivator, as it leaves no furrow surface after it, and is a 
 thorough pulverizer and weed cutter all at once, standing first in the 
 front ranks as a thorough Cultivator. 
 
 Very respectfully, H. Ebert. 
 
 Rivera, Calif. 
 
 Gents: — The Clark's Cutaway Harrow is far superior to anything 
 I ever saw in the way of an orchard tool. It will thoroughly pulver- 
 ize the soil to the depth required and will destroy all weeds and 
 trash, thoroughly mixing them with the soil, thereby protecting the 
 roots and retaining the moisture. 
 
 For cultivating orchards, in most cases it will do away with the 
 plow entirely, thus saving a great deal of labor and expense. I can 
 heartily recommend it to all Fruit Growers as being the most ser- 
 vicable tool in the market. Yours, James Stewart. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 Gentlemen:— Cl.\^\L"i REVERSIBLE CUTAWAY HARROW 
 is the best general tool for orchard work ever placed in the field. 
 
 Yours, A. T. Gary. 
 
 Los Angeles, Calif. 
 Gents: — We have tried nearly all the orchard tools now on the 
 market and have found none that gives as good satisfaction as your 
 Reversible Cutaway Harrow. 
 
 Yours truly, Mckinley Brothers. 
 
 Gents: — It is the only Machine I ever saw that would do my work 
 satisfactorily. Mr. Chilton. 
 
49 
 
 Bedford, Ky. 
 Gents:— \^& have used your Cutaway harrow for two years in 
 cultivating peach trees and we would say you have been a blessing in 
 our country in the production of Clark's Cutaway Harrow. We do 
 not use the plow at all. Yours truly, Combs & Campbell. 
 
 Belle Fourche, S. D. 
 Gents: — Your harrow arrived here about the loth of May. I 
 have tried it and am well pleased with it. There has been several per- 
 sons looking at it; they think it is just the thing for this dry climate. 
 
 Yours truly, Wm. Thomas. 
 
 New Milford, Pa, 
 
 Gentlemen: — The Cutaway Harrow came O. K. and I have tried 
 
 it on old ground and sod and find it exceeds my expectations. Once 
 
 over pulverizes it better than any other harrow I ever used and every 
 
 one who sees it says it beats them all. 
 
 Yours truly, C. C. Keeney. 
 
 Hardenburg, Va, 
 Getitlemen: — I have done a great quantity with the Cutaway har- 
 row this spring; it is the best harrow and seeder I ever saw. It does 
 good work and fast; I have no doubt but they will take the lead of all 
 harrows ever made. Yours very truly, Charles Hardenburg. 
 
 Nebraska City, Neb. 
 Gentlemen:-,— ClsLvk'^ Cutaway Harrow purchased of you has been 
 used on my farm for preparing the ground and putting in grass seeds 
 and oats, and for preparing corn stalk ground for the Lister; and my 
 neighbors have used it for pulverizing newly turned sod and in every 
 instance we all pronounced it a perfect success. It is light draft and 
 spades up and pulverizes the ground to the depth of four inches. 
 
 Yours truly, Jas. W. Eaton. 
 
 Arcadia, Neb, 
 Gentlemen: — Have sold and used the Cutaway Harrow for three 
 years and find it the best disk harrow I ever sold or used. 
 
 Yours truly, Peter Christian. 
 
 Cherry Valley, Ills, 
 Dear Sir: — We were much pleased with the work of the "Clark's 
 Cutaway Harrow" that we bought of you last spring. I believe it 
 will be just the tool to renovate old meadows and pastures. 
 
 J. R. Post. 
 
so 
 
 McRae, Ga. 
 Gents: — We consider your Cutaway Harrow the best agricul- 
 tural implement ever produced for clearing new land, bedding corn 
 and cotton land. We can't see how farmers can afford to be with- 
 out the Cutaway Harrow. Henry Wilcox. 
 
 J. P. Wilcox. 
 
 Abbeville, La. 
 Gentlemen: — The Cutaway Harrow does the work of a plow and 
 a harrow at the same time in sod that was cultivated last year in rice 
 I plowed it up this year with my harrow and done better work than 
 the plow could have done. 
 
 Very respectfully, E. W. Gaspard. 
 
 Springhaven, Ga. 
 Gentlemen: — The ten disk Cutaway Harrow we bought last year 
 surpasses all farm implements we have ever tried; it is complete in 
 breaking old or new land. One man and two mules will accomplish 
 as much in one day as four men and four mules will in the same 
 length of time with any other tool. We would not be without ours 
 for twice its worth. Truly yours, Rawles & Hughes. 
 
 Cochran, Ga. 
 Gentlemen: — I cannot say too much of the latest improved 
 Reversible Cutaway Harrow. It is simple the best tool ever used on 
 any farm. I can use it as a pulverizer, bedding corn or cotton land, 
 also cultivating by throwing the soil away or to the growing crop, as 
 desired. Neither can it be excelled for putting in peas, oats, etc. 
 Yours very truly, T. H. Overby. 
 
 Dr. G. W. Julian Pearson, Ga., writes: — "I prepared, planted and 
 cultivated, with the Cutaway Harrow, (no other plow used from first 
 to last), 12 acres of corn, and the actual time consumed altogether, 
 was only c^Yz days. The Clark Reversible Cutaway Harrow is the 
 greatest labor saving farm implement ever used. 
 
 Original and only Clark Cutaway Disk Harrow, known as 
 "Competition Killer." This is not a so-called "Spading Harrow," 
 there is but one "Cutaway" Harrow made. We guarantee the Clark 
 Cutaway Disk Harrow to do better work in any and all conditions of 
 ground, and to pull lighter than any solid wheel or round disk made. 
 
 Remember there is only one genuine Cutaway harrow and that 
 is the original and only Clark Cutaway Harrow. It has no com- 
 petitors. 
 
51 
 
 Gents:— I consider the REVERSIBLE CUTAWAY the best 
 orchard tool on the Slope. james McClay. 
 
 Gents:~l have seen all the orchard tools at work, but the "Cut- 
 away" beats them all. Juj^^e Craig. 
 
 Gents:~l never saw any tool that could equal it. D. B. Snow. 
 
 Gents:~lt is far superior to any tool yet on the market. 
 
 Dr. Wall. 
 
 Read what Sup't Jones of the Hughes Ranch has to say: 
 "I had no faith in the CUTAWAY at first but was finally per- 
 suaded to try it, and I must say that it does far better work than 
 any orchard tool I ever saw. In it you will find a world-beater." 
 
 Gents: — For the past (15) years I have been looking for a tool to 
 run in my orchard, and it was not until I saw the "Cutaway" at work 
 that my mind was at rest. I have seen it at work in several orchards 
 and can honestly say it is a tool that every fruit grower should have. 
 Send me one at once. Yours truly, J. G, Ott. 
 
 MiNDEN, Iowa. 
 Gents: — Upon purchasing this stock of goods at this place last 
 July, (1892) we secured the agency for the Clark's Cutaway Har- 
 row, and in doing so we gave our order for (25), feeling a little at 
 the same time that we were over-reaching a fair estimate of the 
 number that we would be able to sell in this locality, as a very few 
 were put out in the Spring of 1892, as introduction, and the merits 
 of the tool had not yet been realized. We found that we were 
 greatly mistaken. The (25) soon vanished away and we began to 
 send in orders one after another for more, and could not get them 
 as fast as they were called for. We sold (40) Clark's Cutaway Har- 
 rows, and could have sold (10) more could we have gotten them. 
 We never handled a farming tool that gives such universal satisfac- 
 tion. In fact, we think, and so does our customers who purchased 
 these implements, that this tool is as essential on the farm as the 
 plow. When farmers are putting in small grain in corn stalks it 
 does away with the corn stalk cutters, as it completely pulverizes 
 the land and cuts the stalks all at the same time and leaves the land 
 perfectly level. No good farmer in this locality wiH be without one 
 one year hence. 
 
 Yours Respectfully, Wm. McEndree & Co. 
 
52 
 
 MiNDEN, Iowa. 
 Gentlemen: — We used one of Clark's Disk Harrows this season 
 on new breaking that was full of oak grubs and hazel brush and 
 can say thatit worked splendid. We certainly could not have planted 
 it to a crop of corn and tended it had we not had the harrow. The 
 crop on this ground is better than the average of old ground in our 
 neighborhood. We could not speak in too much praise of the har- 
 row; as from the condition of our land we feel that the harrow has 
 rewarded us fully five hundred dollars on this one crop alone. We 
 can say to anyone contemplating buying a disk harrow, to give 
 Clark's Cutaway Harrow a trial first above all others; you will be 
 satisfied. We would not take one hundred dollars for ours if we 
 could not get another. 
 
 Yours truly, Carl Leitzke. 
 
 Fred Leitzke. 
 
 Palisade, Neb. 
 
 Gentlemen: — The Clark's Cutaway Harrow that I purchased sur- 
 passes everything I have seen in the disk line. I put in 130 acres 
 of wheat with it on sod and it chopped up the sod and turned the 
 ground equal to a stirring plow. I would not do without it for 
 twice its price. 
 
 A neighbor of mine, Mr. Davis, after seeing the fine work I 
 did with the "Cutaway" borrowed it to compare with a Solid Disk 
 of his own. One round in the field convinced him of its superiority 
 and he laid his own disk aside and finished putting in his grain 
 with the "Cutaway," stating that it was the finest machine on the 
 market. Yours truly, Peter Huffer. 
 
 Hubbard, Oregon. 
 Gentlemen: — I have thoroughly tried the Cutaway Harrow and 
 think there is nothing like it for hop cultivation and orchard work. 
 For working sod land it is superior to the solid disk or any other 
 harrow I ever used, especially if land has been plowed for some 
 time and let lay. Yours truly, G. W. Dimick. 
 
 LoRAMiE, Ohio. 
 Gents: — I have given the harrow a good test and find it far supe- 
 rior to any tool I have ever seen before. It excells the full disk in 
 every respect, l have now used both and know this to be a fact. I 
 would rather buy the "Cutaway" than have the disk at half price. 
 
 Yours truly, B. Schlater. 
 
AxTELL, Neb. 
 Gentlemen: — I bought one of Clark's Cutaway Harrows from your 
 agents, Nelson & Bengston, and so far as I have tried it I am well 
 pleased with same. For light draft they cannot be beat and also do 
 good work. 
 
 Truly yours, Swan M. Nelson. 
 
 RocKFORD, Ills. 
 Gentlemen: — The Cutaway Harrows I bought of you last season 
 'have given entire satisfaction wherever sold. Here are some of the 
 expressions used by various purchasers concerning it: — "Just the tool 
 to renovate old meadows and pastures." "Does more work with less 
 horse-power than any other disc Harrow." "As far ahead of the full 
 disc as the full disc is ahead of nothing." "Greatest labor-saving 
 tool ever invented for the farmer," etc., etc. In no case have they 
 failed to accomplish more than you claimed they would do. 
 
 Most respectfully, M. L. Bruner. 
 
WRITE TO 
 
 GENERAL AGENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 The Cutaway Harrow Company 
 
 For Full Description. 
 
 Lininger & Metcalf Co., Omaha, Neb. 
 
 Staver & Abbott Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. 
 
 Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Co., Portland, Ore. 
 Allison, Neff & Co., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 Mathews Implement Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 Stanton, Thomson & Co., Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 Stauffer, Eshleman & Co., New Orleans, La. 
 Southern Farm Tool Co., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 C. P. Poppenheim, Charleston, S. C. 
 
 W. S. & R. S. Petty, Pittsboro, N. C. 
 E. B. Drake, Lexington, Ky. 
 
 J. Wilder & Co., Cincianati, O. 
 
 Lee-Kinsey Implement Co., Denver, Col. 
 
 J. I. Case ^^Kment Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 
 Geo. A. Lowe, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 W. D. Carter, Weatherford, Texas. 
 
 Joel Wolfe & Co., Galveston, Texas. 
 Samuel Hooper, Tiffin, Ohio. 
 
 A. I,. Babcock Hardware Co., Billings, Mont. 
 A. W. Miles, Livingston, Mont. • 
 Milton Implement Co., Milton, N. D. 
 
 Garner & Cleveland, Devil's Lake, N. D. 
 The Princess Plow Co., Canton, O. 
 
 The A. J. Tracy Co., Ltd., 131 Water St, N. Y. 
 Geo. Tyler & Co., Boston, Mass. 
 Richmond Agricultural Implement Co., Richmond, Va. 
 Wakefield Hardware Co., Greensboro, N. C. 
 
 C. C. Townsend & Co., Burlington, N. C. 
 Young & Co., Bristol, Tenn. 
 
 Brown & Sehler, Grand Rapids, Mich. 
 Q. E. Boughey & Co., Traverse City, Mich.