10 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Treasure %oom Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2014 https://archive.org/details/manoeuvresorpracOOyoun U A N O E U V R E S, o a PracLical Obfervatlons O N THE A R T of V/ A R: C O N T A I N I N G, Vol. I. 1 . The Manual Exercife. 2. All E'lFay on the Com - niand of fniail Dc- tac hi merits. 3. A nev/ Syftem cf For- tification, by making Life of Standing Tim- ber, &;c. A T>r D General Wolfe's In{tru£l:icns to Youns: OiHccrs. Vol. II. 1 1 Manoeuvres for a Bat- tai io n o f I n fantr v. 2. Manoeuvres for a Bst- talion, and Brigade of Infantry. With 62 Copper-Plates. 3. Manceuvres in e:ene- ral, with a fhort Ta- ble, containing above tv/o hundred andforty different Movements. By Major William Young. : — /f LONDON: I^rintedfjr J. MILLAN, Bookfeller, near V,' hi r EH all ; V/here maybe had Sets of fm.xU Platoons m Ivory or Wovd^ iQi- Performing thi^ M-mocuvr-o. PREFACE. HxWING fome years ago publiHied Man- cEuvres for a battalion of infantry, I find the Table of Vv'"ords of Command, annexed thereto, is not generally underflood. My be- ing out of the kingdom prevented me from knowing this circumftance ^ otherwife I fooner fiiouid have endeavoured to explain the table, which has the advantage of being concife, and, if printed alone, might ferve as a memoran- dum in tjie field, as, in this manner, the Vv^ords for a great many manoeuvres might be printed on a fmall card, or in any other way thought proper. ^ CL. fC — . w W rj fD ex. ♦ =r <: rj *>< 0 f> 0 c 0-1 1 s 0 • . ^^ a- 0 0 » 0 * 3 o o n- 5* cr o < CD "o o B o t3 o O) o n o > to f PI O ^hc Tahlc may h re^d in the following mcin?tir : No. n 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 V 13 from the !/ i8 20 21 22 ^4 ^ to the on the centre ( to the ^ 1 in Indian file. Sis u ? vby platoons S 5 Cin Indian fir?. (by platcpns. ^ change your front. form the jform Uquare J advancing. J £ re iring. 2 deep marchi.f^inlineof^^^^^^'- ^5 I Wings form the riaht>^^^«^e ) Indian'file- ( retire . j And To cn thro.jgh the Table, as by Battalions in the fame manner. > advance, retire, ^;ic. Platoons • 3 ti^g pjat^3^ BOOKS lately publiHied by J. MILLAN, near Whitehall. < T 1ST of his Mcjeily's Land Forces and Marines, I J at Plome and Abroad, &c. by Permiifion, for 1770, (all other LiRs cf the Army are fpurious, and of no Authority, in any Court or Difpute) 5s. jBrGen. Wolfe's Inftrudions to young Officers ; alfo his Orders for a Battalion and an Army, Uo., 2s. 3f Capt. Simcis's Military Medley and Dictionary, wiih Cuts coloured. 4 Muller's Works, of Fortification, Engineering-, Mining, Artillery, Mathematics, &c. &c. con- taining upwards of ^oocuts, S vol, 2I. 83. 6d. or any Volume feparate. 5 Manoeuvres for a Battalion of Infantry upon fixed Principles, fee. with 62 Plates, ics. 6d. 6 New Exercife by his Majefty's Order, is. 7 Recruiiing Book for all Olficers in the Army, 2?. 6d. 8 Regimental Book, beautifully engraved, 4!. 4s. 9 General Returns for reviewing Horfc, Dragoons, and Foot. 10 All the ftanding Orders, Regulations, &c. fjr the Army. i I New Pruffian Field Regu'ations for Foot, 4to. 7s. 6d.- 12- Lift of the Forces of above 40 bovereigrs> &c. Ranks, Uniforms, Numbers cf Ofrlcefs, Private iv^en, oic. neatly coloured, los. 6d. 13 Capt. Miller's Arc of Self Defence, los. 6d, on Cop- per Plates. 14 Dillenius's general Hifcory of Land znd Water Mofies, &c. 1 1. IIS. 6d. 15 The Value cf Commiffions on Full and Kalf-Pay, with the Difference fettled by the King's Conjaiaad, 16 New Art of War, by Capt Anderfon, 7s. 6d. 17 Artificial Firexvorks, i^riproVed with 60 Fi^^ures, by R. Jones of the Artil.'ery, the Second Edition, with the Addiiion of three Plsltes, &c. 18 Military Di(S!cnary, explaining ail dIfJiCuU Terms ia Military Difcipline, Fouiiicaticn, by J.Waifoa. . BOOKS lately publiHied by J. MILLAN, near Whituhall. 1^ Voyages and Travels from Original Manufcripts, &:c. frnni the Harieian Library, 2 vol. Folio, pro- per t:> be added to the fix Volumes of Voyages ar.d Travels in >'olio, formerly ibid for 3I. 3s, but now ibid for zi. 2s. for one Year. 20 The Drummer's Initruftor, with the Englifli and Scotch Duty, Beatings, Marchings, Calls, &c, neatly engraved on 12 Plates, by R. Spencer, Drum-Major in the Guards. 21 Half- Pay Certificates, Atteftations, Furloughs, Difcha.-ges, Iniiliing Bills, Sec. 22 M. joi Rogers's Jour;>aiof tiie late War in America, 55. 23 His concife Account of America,' alfo the interior Partf, their Kiany Nations and 1 ribcs of Indians on the Great Lakes and Rivers, their Cul-loms, Gover.iment. Number, &c. v^ich many ul'tful and entertaii>ing Fa£ s never before thought of, 5s. 24 PonreachjOrtiie Savages of*America, a'i ragedy, 2s. 6d. 25 Timbc.'Iske's Memoirs of ihe Cheiokee Naiions, 4s. 1 he above four have greatEncomiums in aii the literary Prodtiiiior.s. 26 Sheldrake's Herbal cn above 1 16 large Folio Copper Piat-s, drawn in the moil: mallcriy Manner, iwm. the Oiiginals when in their h:ghe(t Pcrieiiion. 27 Sheldrake on Hejt and Ccjd, for'G/een-Houfts, is. 28 Colufi.ellaon /igriculcure, by Gibfun, 4to. 14s. 29 Palladio finely engraved, by Ware, 7s. 6d. 30 Hill's Review of the Royiil Society, ios. 6d. 31 Dr.^ Sharpe's Englilh Hebrew, and Englifh Latin Gramm.ar. 32 Defence of Xtiani:v, 3s. — Oligarchy, u. 33 Peiiver's Natural Hiiiory, -300 Plates, 61. 6s. 34 Catefoy's American Flams lit for Britifh Growth, co- loured, 2I. 2s. 35 Letters from a Perfian in Ergland, 3s. 36 Rural Life, a true Story, is.6d. 37 Goillim's Heraldry, lal^ Edit. Gazettes, Tranfadions, or Sets completed Prints and liocb in all Lang.'?gcs, Bought, Exchanged, and Sold, THE Manual Exercife, WITH Explanations^ As Ordered by His MA JEST r. LONDON: Printed for J. Millan, near IFhitehalL M.DCCXXX, BOOKS publiQ^ed by J. MILLAN, near Whitefiall. fik 1 TJ V Permiffion of the Right ITonoHiable the Secretai^Jhk IJ War, A Lift of His Majefty's Land Forces anJ J^^Hk rints at Ho.ne and Abroad, to which is jdd^d ^"^W^H^ Officers on Half Pay, an Alphabetical Lift of the A»jy^ and Succeflion of Colonels for 1770, Price bound 5s. 2 Capt. Simes's Military Medley, 2d Edition, greatly imprGVcd, los 6d. 3 Gen. Wolfe's Inftruflions to young Officers ; alfo his Orderi for a Battalion and an*Army, &c. 2s. 4 Difcipline for the Norfolk Miliiia, 2d Edition, with Ad- ditions, and 55 large Copper places, by Lord Tovvnfhend, &c. los 6d. 5 Mancevivres of Parade Duty, or Pra£lical Obfervations on the Art of War, 70 plates, los 6d 6 MuUer's Works of Fortification, Engineering, Mining, Artillery, Mathematics, Sec, containing upwards of 200 cuts, 8 vol 2I 83 6d. 7 Recruiting Book for all Officers in the Army, as 6d S Regimental Book, beautifully engraved, 4I 4s 9 General Returns for reviewing Horfe, Dragoons, and Foot 10 All the ftanding Orders, Regulations, &c. for the Army 11 New Pruffian Field Regulation", fot foot, 410, 7s 6d iz Lift of the Forces of above 40 Sovereigns, &o. Ranks, Uniforms, Numbers of Officers, Private Men, &c. neatly coloured, los 6d 33 Captain Miller's Art of Self Defence, los 6d. on Copper- plates 14 Dillenius's General Hlftory of Land and Water McfTcs, 8cc, \\ 1 is 6d 15 The Value of Commiflions on Full and Half Pay, with the Difference fettled by the King's Command 26 New Art of War, by Capt. Anderfon, 7s 6d 37 Aitificial Fireworks, improved wi(h 6) Figure?, by R. Jones of the Artillery, the 2d Edit, with the Addition of three Plates, Sec, 18 The Drummers Inftructor, with the Englirti and Scotch Duty, Beatings, Marchings, Calls, &c. neatly eng,raved on 12 Plates, by R. Spencer, Diura-Major in the Guar is 59 RufalLife, a true Story, is 6d g,o Voyages and Travels from Or/ginal Manufcripts, &c. from the Harlean Library, 2 vol. Folio, proper to be added to the fix Volumes of Voyages and Travels in Folio foimej:" iy fold for 3I 35. but now fvld for 2I 2s As Ordered hy % HIS MAJESTY, Words of Command. i Poife your Firelocks ! Explanations. ift. Q EIZE the Firelock ^ with your Right Harid, and turn the Lock outward?, keeping the Firelock perpendicular. 2d. Bring up the Firelock with a quick Mo- tion from the Shoulder, and feize it with the Left Hand juft above the Lock, fo that the Fingers may lie up the Stock, and Elbows down, and the Thumb to lie upon the Stock ; The Firelock muft not be held too far from the Body, and the Left Hand mud be of an equal Height with the Eyes. B 2 ift: ( 4 ) Words of Commaitd. \Cock your | \F ire locks ! 5 Frefent ! Explanations. I ft. Turn the Barrel op- pofite to your Face, and' place your Thumb upon the Cock, raifing the El- bow fquare at this Motion. 2cl. Cock your Firelock, by drawing your Elbow down, placing your Thumb upon the Breech Pin, and tlic Fingers under the Guard. Step back about fix In- ches to the Rear with the Right Foot, bringing the Left Toe to the front ; at the fame Time the Butt End of the Firelock muft be brought to an equal Height with your Shoulder, placing the Left Hand on the Swell, and the Fore- fm2:er cf the Right Hand^ be- Words of j I Command. % t 5 ) Fire ! Half- Cock your Pin lock. ck 1 r / \ Explanations. before the Trigger, finkin, the Muzzle a little. Pull the Trigger brifls:- ly, and immediately after bringing up the Right Foot, to the infide cf the Left, come to the Priming Pofition, with the Lock op - pofite to the Right Breail^ the Muzzle the Height of the Hat, keeping it firm and fteady, and at the fame Time fcize ihe Cock with the Fore-firiger and Thumb of the Right Hand> the Back of tlie Hand turn- ed up. Half bend the Cock brilkly with a draw back of the Right Elbow, bring- in sr ^Fordsof i| Comma?id. % Handle your Cartridges! J V, Prime ! Explcmatims. ing it clofe to the Butt of the Firelock. Bring your Right Hand With a fhort Round to your Pouch, flapping it hard feize the Cartridge, and bring it with a quick Mo- tion to your Mouth, bite the Top well off and bring the Hand as low as the Chin, with the Elbow down. Shut vour \ Shalce the Powder into the Fan, placing the three laft Fincrers behind the j Hammer J with the Elbow ^ up. i j I ft. Shut your Pirns [ briilily, drawing your Right I Ann vx tliis Motion to- ! wards your Body, holding the Words of Com^nand Charge. l nth \ Cartridze!\ ( 7 ) ths Cartridge fafl in your Hand, as in the former Politicn. 2d Turn the Piece nim- bly round to the loading Poiicioa with the Lock to the Front, and the Muzzle the Height of the Chin, bringing the Right Hand behind the Muzzle ; both Feet kept faft in this Mo- ti -.n. j ill. Turn up your Hand 2 ; and put the Cartridge into jthe Muzzle, fhakins; the ! Powder into the Barrel. I 2d. Place your Hand, ; clofed, v/ith a quick and \ flrong Motion upon the Rammer. I ft. lO Words of Co?nma7id. Draw your 1 Rammers J S 1 1 Ram down your Car- tridge i Rcfurnyour-^ Rammers ! 3 ( 8 ) i Explanatio7is. I ft. Draw the Rammer with a quick Motion, half ©ut feizing it at the Muzzle back-handed. 2d. Draw it quite out, turn it, and enter it into the Muzzle. Ram the Cartridge well down the Barrel, inftantly recovering and feizing the Rammer back-handed at the Centre, turning it and it as far as the pe, placing at the fame Time the Edge of the Hand on the butt End of ■ the Rammer, with Fingers extended. Return the Rammer bringing up the Piece with the Left Hand to the Shoulder^ enterins: lower Pi i ( 9 ) { Words oJ\i I Co7nmand. r Shoulder your Firelocks ,1 Rejl your \ Firelocks I ^ 3 Explanations. Shoulder, feizing it with the Right Hand under the Cock, keeping the Left Hand faft at the Swell, turning the Body fquare to the Front. I ft. Quit the Left Hand and place it ftrong upon the Butt. 2d. Quit the Right Hand and throw it down the Right Side. I ft. Seize the Firelock with the Right Hand, turn- ing the Lock outwards. 2d. Raife the Firelock from your Shoulder, and place your Left Hand with a quick Motion above the Lock, holding the Piece C right f lO ) i Words of 1 .1 i Co7mna?id. | . Expk?mli€72S. ;5 right up and down in both \ Hands before you, and j I your Left Hand even wiih i your Eyes, i 3d. Step brifkly back ^with your Right Foot, placing it aHand's breadth diilanc from your Left Heel, at the fame Time bring down the Firelock, as quick as poffble to your refi, finking it as far down, before your Ltft Knee as your Rio;ht FJand wilL permit without conflraint;- your Left Hand at the Feather Spring, and your Right withFingers extend- ed held under the Guard,, takin" care to draw in the Muzzle well towards your Body, and to drefs in a. Line with the Butt End. ift. Place your Firelock, nimbly with your Left Hand y^c^ Order yonr\ \ ' - Firelocks ! i ( II ) TVords of Co7nmand. nci me Explanatio?2s. Hand againft yojr Right Shoulder r. 2d. 0^1 it the Firelock v/ith the Right Hand, j finking it at the fame Ti with your Lefr, fcize it at ■ he Muzzle, which niufc oe of an equal height with your Chin, and hold itclofc againfl: your Right Side. 3d. Lift up your Right Foot, ai^d place it by your Left ; at the lame Time thro.v back your Left •Hand by your Ltfc Side, and with your Right, bring down the Butt-End ftrong upon the Ground, placing it even with the Toe of your Right Foot-, the Thumb of your Right Hand lying along the Barrel, and the Muzzle kept at a little diilance from ycur Body. , C2 ' id. ( 12 ) Words of I i Command, \ Explanations. Ground your Firelocks! , id. Half Face to the Right upon your Heels, and at the fame Time turn the Firelock fo that the Lock may point to the Rear, and the flat of the Butt-End lie againft the infide of your Foot, at the fame Time flipping the Right Foot behind the Bute of the Firelock, the Right Toe pointing to the Right and the Left to the Front. 2d. Step diredly forward with your Left Foot, about as far as the Swell of the Firelock, and lay it upon the Ground, your Left Hand hanging down by your Left Leg, and your Right kept fad with the Buit-End againfl: it. 3d. ( 13 ) TVords of \ I Command. \ B l\^ahe up \your ■ Firelocks ! Exp lanations. agaia Raife yourfelf up nimbly, bringing back your Left Foot to its former Pofition, keeping your Body faced tD the Right. 4th. Face again to the Left upon your Heels, and come to your proper Front, letting your Hands hang down without Motion, id. Face to the Right upon both Heels. 2d. Sink your Body do'vvn, and come to the Pofuion defcribed in the Tecond Motion of grround- ip.g. 3d, Raiic yourfcli", and Firelock, bringing it dole to your Right Side. ( H ) IVords of Rcji your 7 Firelocks ! j E^:pIanatio72s. 4th. Come to your pro- per Front feizirig the Fire- lock at the Muzzle, as in Explanacion fifteen. I ft. Bring your Right Hand as tar as the Swell. 2d. Raife the Firelock, high up in a Perpendicular Line from the Ground with your Right Hand, and kize it with the Left above the Spring, the Cock the Height of the Waift- 3d, Step back with your Right Foot, placing it be- hind your Left Heel, and coine to the Reft. ( 19 Words of Cornmmtd. Shoulder your Firelocks ! ic}\Seciirepiir i Firelocks ! J Explanations. - i4. Lift np your Right Foot, and place it by your Lcfc ; bring the Firelock ac the fame Time to your Left Shoulder, and feize the Buxt - End with the Left Hand, keeping ic ii> the lame Pofition as above defcribed. 2d. Throw your Right Hand brilkly back* lil. Biing the Ri^ht Hand brifkly up, and place it under the Cock^^ keeping the Firelock ftea- dy in the lame Pofition. 2d. Quit the Bote witb the Left Hand, and feize the Firelock 'with it at the j Swell, bringing the Elbow 1 clofe down upon the Lock ^. The" Words of Command. Shoulder your Firelockt ( ) Explanaliojts. The Right Hand k-pt fall in this Motion, and the Piece ftill uprighr. 3d. Quit the Right Hand, ar>d bring it down your Right Side, bringing the Firelock nimbly down to the Secure; the Left Hand in a Line with the Waia-Bcir. al. Bring the Firelock up to a perpendicular Line, feizing it with the Right Hand under the Cock, 2d. Quit the Left Hand and place it ilrong upon the Butt. 3d. Qiiit the Right Hand, an.d bring it fmartly down the H\ght Side. 111. ( 17 ) 22 ^3 Words of Co7nma?td, Fix your i Bayonets ! J Shoulder your Firelocks ! E)cplanatiGns. III. and 2d. Motions, as in the Two fird of the Secure. 3d. (>iiir the Right Fland, and bring the Fire- lock fmartly down to the Left Side with the Left Hand, as far as it will ad- mit without confiraintf feizing the Bayonet at the fame Time with the Right Hand, and fixing it, plac-, ing that Hand juft below the Brafs, with the Piece kept dole to the hollow of the Shoulder. Right id. Quit the Hand, and bring up- the Firelock with the Left, feize it again under the Cock with your Right, as in the fecond Motion of the Secure, D 2d» ( 18 ) 24 2^ W ords of j i Co7m?iand, i Prejent your Arms IS To the Right Face ! ! Explanations. 2d. Qui: the Left Hand, and place it ftrong upon the Butt. 3d. Quit the Right Hand, and bring it down the Right Side. As explained in the 3 Motions of the Fourteenth Word of Command. ift. Bring up the Fire- lock, with a quick Motion high before you, till your Left Hand comes even with your Eyes, with the Fingers of that Hand ex- tended along the Stock* juft above the Feather Spring. The Right Foot to be brought clofe up to the Left Heel in this Mo- tion. 2d. ( 19 ) 26 27 Words of\i Command} | 28 To the Right Face. To the Right aboutFace! To the Left Face ! } Explanations, 2d. Face to the Right, taking care in Facing, to hold the Firelock right up, and down, and fteady in your Hands. 3d. Step back with your Right Foot and come down to your Prefent. As in the foregoing Ex- planation, As in the foregoing Ex- planation, coming to the Right about, inftead of to the Right. 111:. Bring the Right Foot brifkly to the Hollow of your Left with the Fire- lock, in the fame Pofition as in the firil Motion of facing to the Right. 2d. Face to the Left. D 2 qd. ( ; 29 30 3i 32 Words of Command. T^o the Left ^ Face ! J To the Left ^ about F ace! i Shoulder your Firelocks ,1 ChargeyOurl Bayonets ! ^ Explanations. 3d. Come down to the Prefent. As before. As before, coming to the Left about, inftead of to the Left, As in the two Motions of Explanation nineteen. I ft. As in Explanation one. 2d. Bring the Swell of the Firelock down flrong upon the Palm of the Hand^ turning upon both Heels to the Right, the Right Hand grafping the Piece at the Small behind the Lock, and as high as the ( Words of Command. 33 Shoulder "j your \ Firelocks ! J 34 Advance your Arms I \ 21 ) Explanations. the Waift-Belt ; the Fire- lock upon a Level with the Barrel upwards. I ft. Bring np the Fire- lock 10 the Shoulder, place the Left Hand upon the Butt, bringing the Feet fquare to the Front. 2d, Quit the Right Hand, and throw it dcwn the Right Side, I ft. and 2d. as in Ex- planation one. 3d. Bring the Firelock down the Right Side, with the Right Hand as low as it will admit without Conftraint, flipping up the Left Hand at the fame Time to the Swell, the Gi-rd 35 ( 22 ) . ^Vords of I j '^ommand. %\ Explanations. shoulder Vour Firelocks Guard between the Thumb and fore - Finger of the Right Hand, the three hit Fingers under the Cock with the Barrel to the Rear. 4th. Qiut the Left Hand. ift. Bring up the Left Hand and feize it at the Swell. 2d. Come fmartly up to a Poife, 3d. and 4th. Shoulder. ( 23 ) EXPLANATION O F Priming and Loading, Prime & Load. I ft. O M E fmartl^ to the ' Recover by fprinaing the Firelock ftrait up with the Left Hand, fuming the Barrel inwards to the proper Heighr of the Recover; at the fame Time that the Left Hand fprings the Firelock, the Right Hand is raifed brifkly from the Right Side, and fcizes the Fire- lock a-crofs the Bread ; as it rifes below the Cock, the Left Hand comes with a quick Mo- tion from the Butt, and leizcs the Firelock drong above the Lock, the little Finger of the Left Hand at the Spring of the Lock, the Left Hand at an equal Height with the Face, the Butt clofe to t 24 } Explanations. to the Body, but not prefled, the Firelock per- psndicnlar oppofite the Left Sid-e of the Face. 2d, Bring the Firelock down with a brifk Motion to the priming Pofition, the Left Hand holding the Firelock, as in priming, the Thumb of the Right Hand placed againft the Face of the Steel, the Fingers clenched, and the Elbow a little turned out, that the Wrift may be clear of the Cock. 3d. Open the Pan by throwing up the Steel with a ilrong Motion of the Right Arm, turn- mo the elbow in and keeping the Firelock Heady in the Left Hand. 4th. Handle your Cartridge ! 5th. Prime! 6th. Shut Fans ! 7th. Caft about ! 8th. and 9th. Load ! loth. and nth. Draw Rammers ! 1 2th. Ram down the Cartridge I 13th. Return the Rammers! i4ih. and 15th. Shoulder! N. B ( 25 ) Explanations. N. B. The Motion of Recover and com'nn^ down to the priming Poficion, and opening Pans, to be done in the ufual Time. The Motions of handling Cartridge, to fnutting the Pans, to be dene as quick as podible, when the Pans are fhut, a foiall P^iufe is to be made, and caft about together then the Loading Motions are to be clone as quick as pofTible \ but before the Rammer is return'd, another fmall Pauie is to be made counting one, two, between rach Motion, till the Firelock is Shouldered. E ( 26 ; EXPLANATIONS O F T H E i Pofttion of each Rank IN THE FIRINGS. Making ready. Front Rank. SPRING the Firelock brifkiy to the Recover, keeping the Left Foot fafl in this Motion ; fo foon as the Firelock is at the Recover, without any flop fink the Body brifl^ly without ftooping forward, with a quick Motion down upon the Right Knee, the Butt-End of the Firelock at the fame Time falls upon the Ground ^ the front Part of the Butt to be in a Line with the Heel of the Left Foot ; fo foon as the Butt comes to the Ground, the Firelock is to be cocked, immedi- ately feizing the Cock and Steel in the Right Hand, C 27 ) Words of 1 1 Command.% Explanations. Hand, the Firelock to be held firm in the Left Hand, about the Middle of thac Part of the Firelock be- tween the Lock and the Swell of the Stock •, the Point of the Left Thumb to be clofe to the Swell pointing upwards. As the Body is finking, the Right Knee is to be thrown fo far back as the Left Leg may be right up and down, the Right Foot to be thrown a little to the Right, the Body to be kept ftraight, the Head up look- ing to the Right along the Rank, the fame as if Shoul- dered-, theFirelock to be up- right, and Butt about four Inches to the Right of the infide of the Left Footi E 2 Bring W ords of Co7nmandy Prefent ! ( 28 ) Expla7iaiions. < I Bring the Firelock brifldy down to the Pre- lent, by extending the Left Arm to the full length, with a Itrong Motion ; at the fame Time fpring up the Butt by the Cock with the Right Hand, and raife up the Butt fo high upon the Right Shoulder, that you may not be obliged to (loop too much with the Head, the Right Cheek to be clofe to the Burr, and the Left eye Ihur, and look along the Barrel, with the Right Eye from the Breech Pin to the Muzzle •, keep the Left Elbow down in an eafy Pofition, and ftand as fteady as poffible, the Thumb of the Right Hand to remain in the Pofition as ( 29 ) Words of I J Fire ! Explanatmis. as defcribed in the third Ex- planation of the iVIanual. Puli the Trigger di- rcded in the Manual, and fo foon as the Piece is fired, give yourfelf a ftrong fpring upon your Left Leg, raif- ing your Body brifkly and (traight up keeping your Left Foot fafr, and bring- ing the Right Heel to the infide of the Left ; at the fame Time the Firelock is to be brought up to the pri- ming Pofition, and half cocked immediately •, a Qiort Paufe is to be made, then handle cartridges and go on with the Loading Motions defcribed in the Explanation of Prime and Load, Cent€? ( 30 ) Making ready. Center Rank. SPRING the Firelock brifkly to the Recover fo loon as the Left Pland feizes the Firelock above the Lock, the Right Elbow is to be nimbly raifed a lirtle, placing the Thumb of that Hand upon the Cock, the Fin- gers open by the Plate of the Lock, and as quick as pofTjble force the Piece to the Cock, by drop- ping the Elbow, and forcing down the Cock with the Thumb, ftepping at the lame Time a moderate Pace to the Right, keeping the Left Foot tad as the Firelock is cocked, the Thumb is to hW below the Cock, the Right Hand fcizing the Firelock clofe under the Cock firmly \ the fore-Finger not to be before the Trigger : The Piece to be held in this Pofition perpendicular, oppofue the Left Side of the Face, the Butt clofe to the Left Brell, but not prefiTed, the Body to be ftraight, and as full to the Front as poQibie i the Head kept up, looking to the Right of the Rank, that the Body and the Fire- lock may not (loop forward, nor lean much cue of the Rank. Spring TVords of ] I Command. \ J Prefent Fire ! 31 ) Explanations. Spring the Firelock from the Body to Arms length with a quick Motion, pref- (ing down the Muzzle with the left Hand and fpring up the Butt with the Right Hand, as in the foregoing Explanation of the front Rank. As in Explanation four in the Manual, with this Difference, that the Left Foot is to be brought up to the Right at the fame Time that the Firelock is brought down to the priming Pofi- tion. The Loading Motions as in the Explanations of Pri- ming and Loading, and aC the lafl: Motion of Shoulder- ing, to fpring to the Left again and cover the File Leaders, Rear ( 32 ) 'Yords of I Rear Rank, < Making ready. Ecover the Firelock Prefent ! Fire ! jL\ and Cock as before dlreded for the Centre Rank. As the Firelock is recovered and cocked, Hep briflcly (Iraight to the j Righr -with the Ri^ht Foot a full pace, bringing the Left Heel abo-jt fix Inches before the Right Foot ^ the Body ftraight and as fquare to the Front as poifible. i ' As in Fxplanation of 1 the Centre Rank. ! I As in Explanation of ! the Centre Rank, and as j I the Firelock is coming I I down to the priming Pofi- : tion, the Left Foot is to be j brought back to the Rights and at the laft Motion of I Shouldering, to fpring to j the Lefr again, and cover ' the File leader. F I N I S. A N ESSAY O N T H E Command of fmall Detachments. With Eight Copper Plates. ;■&.:;() Capt. Miller's Art oi' Self Defence, los. 6d. 2' Artificial Fireworks improved to the Modern Pra^ice with a'uo'it 60 ftgures upon Copper Plates by Lt. P.. Jones of the Artillery, pr. 7s. 6d. bound. ON THE Command of fmall Detachments. /t S none of our Military Authors defcend minutely enough into the method of com- manding fmall Detachments, and of Fortifying the ground they are ordered to take Poll upon, I thought a few hints upon this fubjed]:, might be acceptable to many young OiTicers, who have not yet made a Campaign, and particularly, to thofe, who have not had a mathematical and Military Education. If the Practice of a Regi- ment in time of Peace, refembled what it muft perform in War, there wou'd be no occafion for this Treatife^ but an Officer who has only feen the common Exercife, the formalities of parading the Piquet, the Marching off the Qiiarter Guard, and receiving regularly the Rounds, will find himfelf at a lofs, when thefe give way to more material Service, that is to fay, when he is ordered to commmand an ad- vance or rear Guard, to cover a foraging Party, to take poft near the Enemy, to defend a Chateau, a Village, a Bridge, &c. or fortify hi^: Detachment in whatever fituation he finds him- felf ^ then will he have an opportunity of fhewing I his genius for the profefiion, and of deferving Preferment on account of his Services, which B 2 . t<> I ( 4 ) to a real Soldier, is certainly the mod agreeable way of obtaining it. Let us return to our little EfTay, and fuppofe an Officer with an hundred Men ordered on command, and that he obferves the following diredions, till he has re- entered the Camp, difmifTed the Detachment, and made his Report. Upon coming to the general Parade, he will enquire for the Adjutant of the Day, if the Major of Brigade is not prefent, with whom he muft be very explicite, as to the fituation of the Place he is to march to, and if he is to retreat upon the Enemies approach with a fuperior force, or if he is to maintain his Pod ; in cafe the laft IS order'd, he muft try if poiTible to get fome entrenching tools, and an order to the Com- manding Officer of Huflars, to fend him from the neighbouring Villages, thirty or forty Pea- fants, with Spades and Hatchets. Before he marches off the Parade, he muft examine with the greateft Care, the Flints, the Ammunition, and the Provifions \ and if thefe are not compleat, muft abfolutely refufe to march off, till the Major of Brigade, or Adju- tant of the day has feen it done. He will then examine the Guide, as to the route, and fituation of the Country, and if he finds ( 5 ) finds him any way confufed, muft defire the Major of Brigade to give him another, which may be eafily done, if he has been careful enough to have half a dozen Peafants at his orderly Tent, who are relieved every twenty- four Hours. Upon marching ofFthe Parade, it is proper to give the Guide in flri6t charge, to a good and careful Soldier, as his efcape may be of very bad confequence. During the march, a Corporal with fix men makes the advance Guard ; Where Ground admits of it, the detachment marches by Platoons, and 1 wou'd rather ir was two deep than three, becaufe the front ranks Fire becomes very uncei tain, from its apprehenfion of being fired upon by the rear Rank, whofe fire is generally thrown away in the Air, fo that the Center Rank gives the only effif^acious Fire ; whereas if there are only two ranks, the Fire of both will be equally good. When the road isjads through a Country where there are rifing Grounds, flanking Parties mull be fentout, under the command of two careful Serjeants, who take their routes by thefe rifings, and thereby lee if the Enemjy wants to take Pofieflion of them, which would be of the mofl dangerous Conlcqucnce, fiiouid it happen, be- fore ( 6 ) fore the Detachmenc has gained a proper Situa- tion for its Defence-, in marching thro' Woods and inclofed Countries, flanking parties are likewile fent our, but then they may be com- manded by Corporals, or lance Corporals j thele Parties march in a firing, one Man at 12 Feet from another, keeping always in fight of the Detachment. Upon approaching a Village it muft hale, and the advance Guard march forward, to fee if any Troops are concealed in the Villages if there are none, the Detachment marches on, the commanding Ollicer taking care that no Soldier enter the Houfes upon any Pretext. I fhall now add a few Words upon the Place I would occupy myfelf, if commanding fuch a Detachment. In marching thro' woods, I fhould be at the Head of the Detachment but in open Countries, where there is the great- eft: Danger of the Detachment's being cutoff, efpecially if the commanding Officer is not well acquainted with the route, I would get on Horfeback a good way into the Front of my little advance Guard, and make Suppofitions with myfelf, that the Enemy's Cavalry, or Infan- try would appear in various Parts of the Country, and thereupon examine what would be ( 7 ) be the moft proper Poft to feize in thefe dilTe- rent Cafes ; my being betwixt my Detachment and the Enemy, would give me an Opportuni- ty of judging, whether I could gain fuch or fuch Polls before they could gain them, or come up with me ; for example, I find myfelf in a plain, a quarter of a Mile in front of my De- tachment, and obferve fome Squadrons of Ca- valry a Mile in my Front, advancing towards me, I fee a Wood on my left half a Mile from my Detachment, ond a Mile from the Enemy's Cavalry I then plainly perceive, that before I can take Poffefiion of this Wood, the Enemy mufi: get up with m.e, or, which is equal, inter- cept me ; therefore I muft take another Pofi* tion. In coming on we paRed a Village, fitu- ated in the Front of a Wood, half a Mile in the Rear of my Detachment at prelent, I gallop back, march to the Wood, and am under no Apprehenfions of being attacked by Cavalry ; I fend a Report to Camp of my Situation, and the Moment it is dark, march down to fur- prize or attack the Cavalry, if they have taken up their Qiiarters in the Village, but if the Enemy had been fuperior to my Infantry, I would have continued marching through the Wood, r 8 ) Wood, and as I had greatly the Advance of them, 1 fhould be in no Danger, efpecially if I march filently and expeditioufly, in the follow- ing manner, for Example, I find mylelf at the entrance of a wood, which is overgrown with underwood and bruih, fo that in feveral parts, a fingle man finds it difficult to pafs my De- tachment all along has been retreating by its Rear in Line, that its front Rank may always be nciirefi the Enemy ^ to whom it prefents itfelf on turning to the Right about. I find 1 have twenty eight File remaining of m.y Detachment, after having fent out flanking Parties, advance and rear Guards ; therefore I compofe four Platoons of feven File each, and upon entering the wood I make the right (or left) File of every Platoon march forward in a firing, the 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th. 6th. and 7th. following in the fame Order, fo that the main Body of the Detachment, v/iil be in four Columns, or will compofe four Ranks, marching through the Wood ; each String within 14 Feet of another. The flank- ing Parties marching likewife in two Columns, but at a greater Diftance, and one Man at about two or three Yards from another. The whole Detachment will now compofe fix columns,the ad- vance ^ 9 ) . vance and rear Guards marching in open Line; all this is executed in half the Time one would imarrine, from the Number of words I have made ufe of in explaining it. See No. i. As to forming the Line upon the Enemy's Approach, it is done in a few Seconds. !The whole turn to the Right about, No. 2. Files march obliquely to the left and drel's. Front halts. No. i. Files march obliquely to the Left and drefs ^ Turn to the Right about. Upon getting thro* the Wood, I look out for fom.e Chateau, Church, or well fituated Village, which is to be defended as long as the Ammu- nition lafts ; a Chateau, or Church, may be de- fended much longer, but it feldom happens that Villages arc capable of much Defence. Let us now fuppofe that the March is ac- complifhed, and that theDetachment is arrived at the Spot mentioned in the Orders, which is one of the following kinds of Pofitions. 2d. Method. C I CASE ( lo ) I. CASE. A Detachment cf ico Men is ordered zo take poft in a Plain. Upon arriving at the Spot, mentioned in the Orders, the Officer will chufe the moft proper fituation for his Poft, and place his Gentries lo, that they may communicate with thofe of the Officers, on his Right and Left, to v/hom, du- ring the Night, he will fend Patroles, that a mu- tual Intelligence may be kept up as to the Situ- ation and Changes in the Enemy's Outpofts and Camp. He will then trace a Work upon the Ground, and employ Peafants, and part of his Detachment, to compleat the Redout, with the greateft diligence. EXAMPLE. He will meafure off on the Ground, in as ftrait aline as poffible, 50 Feet, placing a Bough or Twig at every two or three Feet diftance, fuch as from a to fig. ift. When that is done, and all the Boughs are in a ftrait Line, he will caufe a Trench 2 or 3 Inches broad, to be cut from one Bough to another, which will mark the ( " ) the Line a, h. He will then take up the Boughs afid mark off 50 Feet as upright as poffible to a, h, and then cut a Trench from a to and fo on from d to c. Upon meafuring from to he may find it either under or over 50 Feet ; but tliis Inaccuracy muit not difcourage him, for his Redout will ftiil be good tho' not laid down mathematically juil \ befides, an Officer who in time of peare, accuPcoms himdelf to mark on the Ground the following kind of Figures, will in a fhort time be perfedly capable of conllruding them by the Eye only. Ten Feet muft be meafured otf from a to ^, and the Line /, h. drawn at that Di'itance, as well as g^f. which mark the outfide of the Earthen Wall or Parapet, which being made with aSiope inwardly and out- wardly, will only be about 7 or 8 Feet broad at top; this Parapet could be made from the Sods cut in the Country about it, but as it will ftrengthen it greatly to have a Ditch before it, another parallel Line muft be cut, at 16 Feet diftance from the outward one, fuch as /, n. The Space where the Sod and Earth is taken out to make the Wall, is in Fig, ill, marked with little Points, which fhew it to be the Ditch. There muH: be a Space of three Feet left for a C 2 Door, ( 12 ) Door, oppofite to which there may be thrown up a little Walljio prevent ihc Eneniv from firing into it and TA?'ien the whole i? finiOied, it will appear as the perfpedive View of the Redout in the Plates. If no Wood can be had, the V/all of the Redout muft be faced infide and oiit, wiih Sod, and a pretty confiderable Slope muft be given it, left the Weight of Earth burft it in feveral Places : But if there are Branches of Trees or Willows to be got, Facines muil be made, a Row of which muft be laid in the little Trenches a, c, /, i. and Stakes about three Feet long, withftiarp Poinrsjdrove through them into the Earth at every three Feet Diftance. Earth muft then be taken up, and thrown in betwixt the two Rows of Facines, till level with them, and then a new Row of Facines n^uft be laid upon the former, thro' both of which. Stakes are drove as before, to bind them together, more Earth thrown in ; and thus the Work is continued till the Parapet is 6 Feet high. 0 make Facines. Lay upon the Ground four Branches of Willows, or if they can't be got, four Ropes of Straw, ( n ) Straw, at about two Feet diftant from each other, that they may ferve as Bindings-, take Branches of Trees or v\ illows, and lay them on thefe Bind- ings, fo th'il they may reach a Foot beyond the flank ones , ^vhen thefe Branches are about a Foot hi'^h and ; Foot broad, begin with the midd;e Willow orOraw Ropes, and bind thefe Branches as raft together as pofTibie : this m.uRTikewife be done with thofe at the Ends, foihatyouMl have a good round Facine a Foot thick, Brd betwixt 8 and lo Feet long. In cutting the Branches, feveral will be found too thick for Facines, and are therefore to be made into Stakes called Picquets, one End of which is fliarpened. As the Earth Wall, called Parapet, is too high to fire over, there mud be made with Sod, two P^ows of Steps called Banquets, one Foot high and two broad on the outfide of the Ditch there muft be laid Trees, with the Branches outwards (C2i\]cd M kalis) as o, p fig. ifi. or where thefe can'c be had, Stakes muft be got 4 Feet long, and when the Parapet is about 3 Feet high, they muft belaid upon it, one half of them fticking put, fo that their Points may be prefented to the Breafts of the Enemy ; and as the Parapet is ftill raifed three Feet higher, they will be kept fofaft in that Situation, that it will be impofilble for ( 14 ) ^or the Enemy to pull them out this is called fraiied Work, and is the only tolerable Method of iupplying the Place of an Abbaris. As there is now given the Method of making a Hmple Redout ^ with Parapet. Banquet^ Ditch^ Ahhatis^ and t'raife ; 1 fnall for the future only- give the inward Line. Wht^n the Work is linifiied,the Mens Canteens and Kettles filled with Water, and Fewei enough in the Redout, the Officer will difmifs the Peaiants, treating thcin with Affability and good Nature, and thanking them for their Services, though pcrf(^)rmed againil their Wilis fuch a Behaviour has fometimes engaged them to bring Intelligence, when Money wou'd not: I have more than once experienced the Advantage of gaining their Friendiliip, infignificant they may appear to be. It is now neceiTary to fay fo.nething upon the Defence of Works, a Siibjecl I wou'd gladly avoid, as unluckily I differ in Opinion with many Oilicers, v/ho fuppofe that Works are to be defended with Fire, and that as the Defendants are covered, and the Attackers are not, the former fhou'd make ufe of as much Fire as pof- fible, when the latter come within a proper Dif- tance f 15 ) tance of them : But I lay it down for a Maxim, 1 hat T rocps behave ivell till they corr^c to v:hat they helicve the Point of Decifion, If afrsr that, Things fnould be carried beyond thc^ir Imagination, they will delpond. By the Preparations for load- ins:, and bv the Care of the Officers that the Defendants fhoiild level well, they firmly be- lieve that their Fire is to dilperfe the Enemy. It is here, that in their own iViinds they fix the Voint cf Decifiun^ and for fome few Rounds their Courage does not flag, but upon ftreing the Enemy ftili advance, and their grand Defence of no Confequence, they fink, they throw down their Arms the Monient a Man moun:s the Parapet ! whereas, if they are told that they are not to fire, that they are :o keep under cover (except Officers and Centries) till the Enemy arrives at the Abbatis, or if there is none, till the Enemy arrives at, and endeavours to crols the Ditch, where they are to receive them with Bayo- nets; they wiii then look upon this as iht Point of Decifion^ and will have prepared their Minds for it; if a Behaviour fo unfufpecled fnould not ftrike Terror into the Enemy, perhaps fome few or the Braveft miay endeavour to crofs the Ditch, but nine tenths v/ill ii:op there, and ii's then char the Ammunition of the Defendants is to be ufrd. ( i6" ) and not before : Imaginary Hopes and Fears are ftronger than the Reality, therefore the Troops who give (ire, having mod: to fear, will be beat by thofe v/ho ke^^p it up. There is no Profef- fion where the Study of Human-nature is more neceflary than in ours. To illurtrate what I mean in a LViiiitary Senfe, Fil fuppofe 1 have 250 Men given me to attack the Redout,{ig. ifl:. defended by 100 Men; I fend 50 Men to approach each Face, with Orders not to go too near, but ta keep upon it an incelTant Fire, and endeavour to obtain a return from the Enemy, it they do fo, Tm fure of g:iining the Redout, for the Moment the 200 march, the remaining 50 ftrip them- felves of Accoutrements, Ammunition, and of their Coats, their Firelocks unloaded, and Bayonets fixed. What I wou'd now draw from the Knowledge of Mankind is, that the 50 Men feeing their Comrades engaged in front, will have the greateil Defire to attack, and being, deprived of Ammunition, Coats, &c. they will look upon getting over the Parapet, as the Point of Dedfion \ on the contrary, the Enemy thinking thty have only to defend themfelves, againft the firft Attackers, they will throw down their Arms the Moment a Man mounts the ( I? ) the Parapet ; in this Cafe the 50 will attack one of the Corners. Peter the Great was ignorant in Military Affairs when he fortified Narva, but knew it well when he fortified Pultowa. The profecuting of this Subje6l would lead me beyond the Intention of this Book, which is only for the ufe of young Officers, I fhall there- fore return to my Subjei^l, and fuppofe that every thing being compleated, the Officer has remain^ ed at his Poft, till he fees a Relief coming. Upon its approach, he will fend out a Serjeant to make them halt, and defire the commanding Officer, or any other, to come in to the Redout^ from whom he will afk the old and new Parole, and counterfign, the Orders he has to relieve him, &c. &c. i^nd then inform him of every thing that he knov,^s concerning the Enemy, the Peafants, his Ovvn Communications, Patroles, &c. When this is fettled, he will go through the ufual Parade Formalities of relievino-, which are feldom attended to in War. He will then march his Detachment back to Camp, ufing the fame Precautions he obferved in coming out. . When he arrives in Camp, he will dif- D mifs ( ) niifs bis Detachment, and Report to the General of the Day, not only every thing that has hap- pened, but his own Opinion upon what (liould be done, for the greater Security of the Camp, in changing the fituation of Pods, &c. and even in attacking or furprizing the Enemy's Out- guards ; though this is no Part of his Duty, yet it fometimes happens that a Subaltern, who has feen a great deal of Service, knows more of Military Affairs, than his Superior who is only making his firft Campaign. 2. CASE. J Detachment of So Men is ordered to take Toft, where two crofs Roads meet. Fig. 2d. Mark upon the Ground a Square of 45 Feet each Side, fo that where the Roads crofs will be near about the Center of it, then in the middle of each Side meafure inwardly 10 F'eet from y^ro drive 8 large Stakes into the corners a. e, r, d^ e^ and mark a little Trench between them, which (hews the infide of this Redout ; the Banquet, Parapet, Ditch, Eraife and Abbatis- will be no more mentioned in the enfuing Pages» ( 19 ) It is underftood they are always to be made as before explained. 3. CASE. A Detachment cf 100 Men is ordered to take Pofl in the Front cf a Wood^ Fig. 3. Lay down the Square f, d^ and upon one Side of it only, raife the upright e,f on which ineafure off 10 Feet, then the Lines h, r, will fliew the infide of the Parapet. 4. CASE. A Detachment of 100 Men are fo Jituatedin a Plain^ that they cannot he Joon nor eafily jupported. Fig. 4* In a Situation of this kind, one fhould take uncommon Pains in fortifying the Poll, ef- pecially if there is not Wood enough at hand to make an Abbatis, the Ufe of which is to prevent the Enemy from* getting into the Ditch, to fupply its Defedl therefore, the Redout muft be fo contrived, that the greatefl Part of the Ditch may be flanked it's true the whole might be fo, but that would require the Conftrudling of a regular Polygon, in place of which, we mufl: D :^ be ( 20 ) be content with the following Method, as we have not fuppofed the Reader acquainted with Geometry. Meafure off upon the Ground 80 Feet, take two Cords of the fame Length, make one end of one of them fad at and one end of the other at c, let two Men take each one of the loofe Ends, and march out towards the Front ; if the Cords are equally (Iretched out, thefe two Men can meet at no other point in the Field, than the point a where a Mark muft be made, and the Lines a^h^ and traced withBoughs, J, and r, muft be 17 Feet each, and Per- pendiculars J, ^5 of 17 Feet muft be laid upon the Ground, fo that e, J, ^, d and i, will fliew the Infide of the Parapet. ' 5. CASE. A Detachment of 60 Men are ordered to maintain the -point of the Hill. Fig. 5. Lay down the Squares, e^ of 35 Feet each Side, and from the center e with a cord of 1 8 Feet make the half Circle ^, /, d. then d^ e, will ftiew the Infide of the Parapet. 6. CASE, ( 21 ) 6. CASE. y^ Detachment of %o Men is ordered to defend the Bridge, Fig. 6. Lay down the Line d^ of about 40 Feet, of 30, and ^, cf 10 Feet each, then will ^, c,d, e, (hew the Infideof the Parapet which is to defend the Bridge. 7. C A S E. J Detachment of 120 Men is ordered to defend a Village^ Fig. 7. It is impofiible to give particular Rules for defending a Village, as all depends upon its Situation, and the Materials that its Houfes confids of ; yet if four ftone Houfes can be found in ir, fo fituated, that they flank one ano- ther as fig. 7. the Roofs fhould be taken off if covered with Straw, and the Houfes cleared of ^. all Combuftibles, Loop-holes mufl: be made in the Walls and Floor, the Stairs taken away, and Ladders only ufed, as the under Story mud be abandoned during the Attack-, the Avenues ta thefe ( 22 ) Iloufes mud be filled with Waggons and Carts, from which one Wheel is taken, and with the branches of Trees, 5:c. The mud Walls round the Gardens and ibine of the Houfes nnuft be levelled, and the Hedges cleared, left they flieker or cover the Enemy from imall Arms. If however there is a Church in the Village I would re{lri£l myfeif to the defence of it alone^ by making an Abbatis round its Yard, and by porting a fufficient Number of Men in the upper Part of the Church and Belfrey. In Villages where we have not any of thefe Advantages, we muft barricade the Streets, and raife Parapets of Earth, taking care always to keep a proper Communication betwixt the detached Parties in fhort as the Situation of Streets, Gardens and Walls in Villages are fo very different one from another, there is no giving Directions, without drawing many Plans, which at prefent I have not Leifure to do, and fliall now only give one general Rule, which is, that whether the Gardens, Houfes or Entries of Villages are to be defended, the Parties fhould be fo ported as to flank each other, and that a Communication fliould be made from one to ano- ther, fo that none may be cut off. ( 23 ) 8. C A S E. A Betadnnent of 200 Men is lo defend the Chateau a, round ivbicb there is a ailed Court -b, d, e. Fig. 8. If the Enemy can bring Cannon to make a Breach, the firft thing to b(i done is to ftrengthea the Court Wall, by raifing a Wall of Earth be- hind it, of 12 Feet thick, fuc!i as h^ and then theOucfide of the Wall muft be flanked, by rai-- fing Redouts of 12 Feet each Side, fuch as /, one of which covers the Gate which Redouts are entered by Doors cut out in the Wall of the Court and Caltle. 9. CASE. A 'Detachment ^/ 50 Men is ordered to defend a Houfe and Garden. Fig. 9. If the Houfe alone is large enough to re- quire 50 Men to defend ir, and the Garden urrounded with a Wall, which is too extenfive to be defended by the Detachment, it muft be levelled v/ith the Ground, left the Enemy take poffcffion of ir, and under its Cover keep on the ( 24 ) the Detachment a fuperior Fire-, then the firil Flight of Srairs muft be taken away, and Ladders made ufe of in their Place, which are drawn up on the Enemies approach; till they enter the houfe they are fi- ed upon from the Loop-holes in the Walls, and upon their entry into the lower Story or Terre-plein^ they are fired upon from the Loop-holes in the firft Floor, under which they cannot long remain. 10. CAS E. J Betcichment of i oo Men is ordered to defend the Ford of a River, Fig. lo. Nothing in this cafe is required but a fimplc Parapet, not even a Ditch ; but Harrows muft be got from the Neighbouring Villages, to put into the River, the Teeth uppermoft; and where a lufficiency cannot be had, branches of Trees, liript and well pointed, muil be fo placed as not to be feen above Water, and faftened to the Bottomi withPicquets, left the Stream carry them down ; for in a iituarion of this icind, the only Misfortune that can happen to an Officer, is that of not being attacked, which muft be the cafe if the Enemy knows how the Ford is defended. It ( ^5 ) It often happens that the chafing of the Poft, is committed to the Care of the Officer who commands the Detachment; in which cafe He fhoiild firft pod the Videctes upon the mod commanding points of view, and in fuch a manner, that rhe Enemy may not cur them off by furprize, under cover of a Hedge, kavin. Wood, &c. When this is done ; the Guard of Cavalry is pofted, near the Center of the Chain of Vid-ttes, on a Spot in their Rtar, fo fituated, that the Cavalry cannot be feen by the Enemy. It may feem ftrange, that the Videttes (hould be poded before a place is chofc for the Cavalry Guard, but it muil be remembered that frndl parties of Cavalry are intended for fpeedy in- telligence, and not for defence, when jom'd wi»h Infantry therefore their poft will depend upon the points of Ground, moft proper for placing Videttes, and till thefe points are fixed upon, it is improper to chufe a Spot for their Guard. On the Contrary, as the Infantry are intended to be made ufe of, in maintaining fome piece of Ground, their firO: care muft be, the chufing of a Spot, that f§ capable of being well fortified, and fo fituateJ, as to aiTord the Cavalry a Retreat. E For ( 2g ) tor Example, an Officer is detached with- too Infantry, and 20 Cavalry, with orders, to chufe his Poft in front of a certain Village, upon any Spot of Ground he thinks moll: proper, for defending the Road leading to that Village. After having paflcd the Village, he will na- turally ride forward with his Cavalry, obferving the proper precautions he will fend out Patrolcs, to find out the Enemys neareft PoRs ; exa- rliine all Roads, and even foot Paths, leading from the Enemy, to the Army he belongs to he will endeavour to learn from the Pea- fants, every thing the Enemy has been doing, and form conjeflures, upon what their intentions may be and think of nothing but his profefllon, lillrelieved. I fliall now fuppofe the Patroles returned, and tha:'tthecommandingOfficer has wellreconnoitred the Ground, and that he has found a chain of 5 points for his Videttes, from v;hence there 2tre commanding Views •, he will then eaHly find a Spot for his Cavalry Guard which hav- ing done, he will chufe^ and fortify a Poft for his Infantry, within fight of his Cavalry Poll:,, from whom lie is to receive frequent Patroles, and like wile the Enemys Deferters, Jews &c. the f 27 ) the moment they are found. If the Enemy advance ftrong in Cavalry, ours muft: retire to •the Infantry Pod, from whence they will retire tov/ards Camp, (hould the commanding Officer think it neceflary, which I imagine will be the Cafe, as one fliould be very delicate inrifqueing Cavalry to no purpofe. If the Enemy ad-zance ftrong in Infantry only, the Cavalry Poll will remain in the adjacent Country, harraffing the Enemies Outparties. I muft now add another cafe which hap^ pencd to an Officer of my acquaintance ; He was detached with 50 Men at about 5 Miles from any affiftance or iupport; the Enemy hsid in that quarter, about ten Thoufand Men. The firft day, he had only to do with Huftars, againft whom he eauly maintained himfelf, by taking Poft in the Front of a Wood, and at night changed his poft it was fortunate for him he did fo, for the Enemy had fenE nfantry and Cavalry to furprize and cut him off. The fecond Day, he was only alarm'd by the Hufiars Outpofts, for the Enemy imagined he was retired to Camp, and before the General had received f be Report of his continuing there, and ( 28 ) and in confequence thereof, before their Infantry arrived at my friends Po'l, it became dark, | and he had time to alter his Situation ; The third day there was a general movement, and the Country where he was, greatly re- inforced. I give this example only, to fhew that it fometimes may happen, that fortifying of Pofts is dangerous and of no c ^nfequence- but as Ifaid at the beginning of this ElTay, *' If the Poft IS ordered to be defended to the " laft." Ir cannot be too well fortified. I would here gladly add a few Words upon WinterCampaign s, making of falfe fires to deceive the linemy, and prevent their furprizing the Troops at the real one, but I juftly fear the cenfure of American Officers, who from their long experience mufl treat this fubje(5l with the greateft accuracy. As in writing thefe few Hints, my whole In- tention was to be of Service to young Of- ficers, who have not yet feen Service, I cannot conclude it without advifing them not to be carried away with the prejudices of pa- rade Officers, who bok upon, as only eflendal, the Manual Exercife, the chequered firing, coming down together, the uUeft Men compo- fing C 29 ) fing the front Rank, the retreating by beat of Drum, as front Rank, make ready ! and many other 'I'hings equally ufelcfs for they will find that real i)ircip]ine confifts in mak- ing the Men fire with the greateft exacflnefs at a Mark ; in being accaftomed to march daily through Woods, Rivers, Ravins, and over Hills and Dales, in melTing regularly, in being fober and clean, and in obeying impliciteiy the Or- ders of their Officers, who ihey will be taught to refpe6l, by feeing them very frequently, and al- ways willing to teach the.n their Duty, and rea- dy to punilh their Faults. FINIS. ERRATA in the Manoeuvres. 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AS there appear to be thrown out in the uncultivated ideas of a Canibal of St. Vincent, fome hints relative to the fortifying of fuch iflands, as are nov/ moftly in woods, I have prefented his thoughts to the publick in his own words, hoping fome more experienced officer will improve upon them, and prefcnt a plan, which not only may be fp^edilyj but [ ii ] but cheaply executed — two ad- vant?»ges very ncceflary, in the prefent iinproteSicd ftate of our new-ceded illands, at this cri- tical jundure. A Field Officer of Kncineers. London, Dec. 4, 1769. THE SENTIMENTS OF A CANIBAL, LET me examine my thoughts, ^^^-^^^^ and let felf-prefervation ac- quaint me with the methods neceflary to preferve my exigence, and that of my wife and children, in the attack that may now be made upon us by thefe Baccaras. I am as ftrong and adlive as they i>i%^ine. are, but am notlkilled in all thele things they do at Kingfton, walking in lines, turning about from one fide to another, and twirling their guns about : Do thefe things make them invulnerable ? It muft help, for I never fee any part of them, but their front, except the fides of fix, and the backs of twenty, when the line turns B abcur. t 2 ] about, though I counted fixty when they had done. I will get fome Canibals to loin Manoeuvre. , ^ J me, tor we mult be more than two or three : four will make an equal front every way, fo that they can't kill us behind our backs ; our wives and children will be kept fafe in the midll of us, and protected from thefe Baccaras, fo that Vv^e may not be un- der the necefiity of killing them or.r- felves, as we refolved to do at our jaft meeting at Mafareca. ^ . IwillproDofe to the reft of the Operations. ^ •, , ' • • i ■ Lanibals, tojoin us in tnis matter, which they will rather do, than kill their fami- lies ; and we will divide our forces into diffe- rent bodies, and aiTemble on feveral hil's at confiderable diftances from each other, and there make openings for ourfelves, by cutting down the trees: in ti^.e night time, or when the Baccaras are not upon their guard, we will fend out fmall parties from the different pods, who knowing our Canibal paths through the woods, may unexpeftedly fall upon the plantations, and burn and deftroy them. Let me confider what the Baccaras will do in that cafe, that I may provide againft their mifchievous intentions. The farmers will put on red cloathsjtolook like warriours, and with fome of their bell negroes they will di- vide themfelves into parties, to block up the paths. [ 3 ] paths, which lead from our country to their plantations ; while their real warriours march along their great road into our country, where they will attack ail our pofts one after another, without lofing many men-, for they will flop at a diftancc from the trees we fell to prevent them from ruf]:ing in with their bayonets: they will cut down a few trees at proper dif- tanccs, bore holes in their flumps, and fix their fwivels therein, which they will make ufe of in place of cannon, and in this manner defiroy our poRs one after another; while we can only prevent it, by making the Canibals of our unaltacked polls march from thence, and cut off the warriour Baccaras communication with their own country, and thereby oblige them ^ tiif-er.cc to march back for fubfillence, as we did v/ith the forty warriours we lately fur- rounded. But v;hat is to prevent them from making fuch pofts upon the great road? and when they want provifions, they can fend con- voys from one to another. Suppofe then, that without making (Irong- liolds, we difperfe ourfelves in the woods, and cut off their (Iraglers: that will be doing them fome mifchief, but thereby we will do ourfelves more ; for they will march without oppofition, by their great road, into our detcncelefs country kill our old men, women and children burn t)ur houfcs, and deftroy our provifions; and B 2 leave [ 4 ] leave us to efcape in our canoes, or flarve in the woods, daily running the riik of being killed, fnould any of us attempt to fteal out to get provifions. If we all afTemble in a body to meet them, we will foon be beat and deftroyed ; not but that we are better markfmen than they are but they have the advantage of cartridges, which fit any of their guns. They are ac- cuftomed to fire quickly, while we have no- thing but Birniingham ware, of all forts and fizes, and fome of us are often obliged to put in Aug for want of ball to fit our pieces ; and as to ourpoilbned arrows, which they are fo much afraid of, we know that the touch of a twig, or branch of a tree, makes them mifs their diredion. No, no, it v/ili not do to fight the warriour Baccaras in a large body. I fee no other method, but that of making firongholds^ fo fituated that only one of them can be attacked at a time, while the Canibalsof the others leave their polls, and from the woods harrafs the Baccaras. Let me now think what me- thcd is moa proper to fi rengthen thele llrongholds \ for as to their fituation, every Canibal knows that they mud be placed on the tops of hills, very near the Baccaras great new road, fo as to command it ; and fo near water, that the Baccara war- riours cannot come betwixt it and the ftrong- hold without being killed by our fhot, or poifoned by cur arrows. [ 5 ] If I was fent with a hundred Canibals to defend one of thefe hills, let n^e confider what method I would take to do it. There are two ways the wairiours can kill us ^ one is with Ihot, the other is with bayonets. By making walls of trees and Execution of it. earth we can defend ourfelves againft the firft ; and by felling trees in p-oper places^ and laying them upon one an- other with the branches outwards, we can provide againfi: the other. A four-fided figure prevents our being attacked in flank or rear ; it muPc therefore be made ufe of, as we do not know how to make the places they call BaRions at pLTt Royal. If the four-lided figuie is too large, there wi!l be intervals betwixt the Canibals and if too fmall, there will noc be room fufHcient for huts and provifions ; therefore, that 1 may not err, 1 will make twenty-five Canibals fl:and in a row, as the warriours do at Kingfton ; and then take a longwith^ and flretch it from the Canibal on the right to him on the left, where I will cut it fhort ; and then get three more withs of the fame length. Four Canibals lhall take in their right and left hands the ends of thefe uvilbs^ and go as f.ir from one another as they will permit-, and when 1 fee that the four corners are equally open, I will make them Hop, and put in frakes at the corners, and all along the wiihs^ fo there [ 6 ] there will be what the Baccaras call a fquare figure. All the trees that are near thele Itakes in the line of withs^ I will mark, that they may not be cut down; for they will help to fupport the earth, when in- terlaced with thofe cut down : this earth muft be railed by the Canibals with their hoes on the outfide of the line of wiihs^ and it will make a good flrong wall', it muft be higher than a Canibal, to prevent his being fhot. The place the earth is taken from will make a deep ditch, which the warriours will fail into if they endea- vour to get over our wall. But hov/ thick muft the wall be to prevent large fliot from coming through it ? I do not know what to think of that matter, for I have often heard of a man's being fhot through the body, (therefore it muft be thicker than a man) but I never heard of a Qiot going in ataman's head, and out at his feet; fo if the wall is as thick as a man's length, it will do. I will therefore leave all the trees (landing that grow on the infide, at a man's length from the withs and flakes^ which, when interlaced with fome of thofe cut down, will fupport the earth on the in- fide of the waUy and that the Canibals m.ay fire over it, I will make tv/o banks of earth, one for the tall men, and one for the Ihorr. I think this wall will prefer '/e us from their guns ; and to prevent ihem from coming near us with their bayonets, we f 7 ] we will clear all tlie ground that is within twenty mens lengths of tl^^e wall-, and we will make a line of trees all round us, placing the points from us ; fo that while the Baccara vvarriours are employed in cut- ting paflages through them, we will have nothing to do but kill them with our guns and poifoned arrows \ and if they but give us time to finifn our fironghslds^ we wilj greatly firengrhen them, by planting log- wood hedges in the boitom of the ditches, which in two or three years will be fo thick, that it w.W be impofiible to pafs through them, without cutting them down, which cannot be done for want of room to handle th^rir cutlafles. But here con:es Arioua \ let me alk his opinion of this matter, for he was at the fiege of Martinique. Arioua. I have heard your c^.h^^i ^heor fchcme, and I aflure you it will °° -^-leor/- not do, for the warriours will bring canncn to make openings in ^oux Abbatis^ and batter your parapet in breach. Caliba But you cannot fay any thing againftmiV logwood hedge in the ditch: they cannot burn it, nor the growing trees, nor even the interlaced ones, till tliey crofs the ditch, nor not eafily then, being moilly hid in the earth. Arioua. Yes, you will put off ^, , . r - -Ii I Vv'eft India la- the planting ot it, till the war- doieace. riours attack you, and then it's too late : however, you have the plcafure of fee- ing thefe Baccaras a6l as you do^ v/hile our old Martinique fiiends aft as you oughL [ 8 ] Caliha. To prevent the warrlours bat- tering down our wall, we will make it three mens lengths in thicknefs, and make the wall higher ; and we will leave trees Handing in fuch a manner in the infide^ that other trees being cut down, and laid Hoping againfl: the waU^ places may be made proof againft thofe hollow balls, which you fay are io dangerous: and as you know, that if they cannot fee our ic^'j//, they can- ^ . not batter it ; therefore, before .^uXb'^.n. ^j^^^ trees on the outfide are cue down, Iv/ill lay an arrow on the ic'^//, Hoping towards the country, and looking along it, a Canibal (hall o;o and mark all the trees below the place wheie my eye ftrikes them : I will To fuipiy the ^^"'^^'^ niark each of them a man's vanioiccun- length bclow that mark, and cut ternunws. them down at that laft mark, and lay others acrofs them with notches, and fo an- other row of trees acrofs thofe, with branches a-top : for as the land muft be cleared, there is no extraordinary labour in this : and as the ditch mufi: be wide and deep, there will be no extraordinary labour in laying the earth taken from it, upon thefe trees, to the thicknefs of a man's length or thicker •, fo that this place will ferve to keep our pro* vifions and live fiock in ; and when the war- riours have made their batteries on it, and have brought up their big guns to place thereon, (for they cannot batter our wall till they come almoft to the brink of the ditch) r 9 ] ditch) we will then cut down the trees, and Jet their big guns and batteries tumble into the ditch ; and then there vviii be fuch a fear among them, that we will not have any difficulty in chacing them away, and may bring their big guns, powder and bal]> into our firongbold for our own ufe. Arioua. WeCanibais think ourfelves very cunning •, but we always find that the Bac- caras fa.ve'z more than we do. When we took forty warriours pri Toners t'other day, we fent them all back, that they may lighc againft us again, and were content with blocking up their great road in feveral places ; yet in a few days after the work was done, we faw a judge and a warriour Baccara ride into the very heart of our country, without the leaft difficulty. Caliba. Had the Canibals taken my advice, that would not ^'ech'theory-f^' have happened, for 1 told them that they only ought to block up the great road, in the places where it runs betvvixc two hills, and then rontinue the line througii the woods, as well as upon the road \ for one ftcp made in this nianner would have been of greater advantage than all thofe v/e made, v;hich the two Baccaras eafilyi" pafTed, by cutting with their cutlaffes the bruffi wood, and going round the ends of the fiops» Arioua. Would not the Bac- argu:r.:nt caras leave trees (landing, which ag^.ii.ft nev.- might be cut down in difficult fnjjes, to increafe the defence of theii* C ecu n cry? [ 10 ] country, in cafe it was attacked by our old friends, the French ; if fuch eMails or ftop^ as you cali them, were necefiary ? /\nd would not they make luch ftronghoUs^ rather than be at the expence of iione-work, v/hich coil them agreaL many Joes, and a very long time to execute ? Befides, your firjighold is not fo durable as theirs. r^, r Caliha, I will anfwer all yonr objections, one after another. The Eaccaras do not leave trees landing in the Jlroiig p^JfeSy becaufe ihcir king gives all the lands to his Baccaras, and they cut down the trees to plant canes for two very good reafop.s ; the firft is, that land in wood docs not bring them any Joes, which they are very Scif intcreft. fond of and the fecond is, that in cafe of war, every one of them would rather v/ifh that the warriours met on another man's ground, than on his ; for v/herever there are ftrong pajfes^ there the war- riogrs meet to decide the property of the ifland. And at fuch meetings, you know, they burn canes, houfes, and works ; take the negroes away, and play the devil. Now if you had a fngar plantation, would not you rather wifh the warriours met on my land, than on yours, to decide the property of the iQand ; for in' tliat event you might capitidate, and fave your houfe, negroes, and canes ? Ti e routine of The tcafon the Baccaras do not uiUce. build firongholds with trees, is this: Theyen'jploy many people to buy (lone, limej and tools , they freigh.i: veiiels to carry them ; [ >I ]■ tiiem ; they make long accounts ! VVhereas if" thfy made fuch ftrongholds as 1 mention, where nothing but negro labour is nec^^fiary, there would be only one account to keep-, that is, an a c count of the number of negroes at work ; there would be but few Baccaras employed, and poor Baccaras would not become rich men. As to ftrongholdhftm^ dura- TKe forengnt bie, there is no oiijcdion to it, of thec^mibais. while the grov/ing trees, making part of it, are alive. And you know that thele trees live much longer than we poor Canibals; andevea thofe to be cut down and interlaced, won't roc for many years out if they do rot, are not they replaced very eafily ? for I hope, neither the Canibals, nor their fons, ever v/ill cbar away thofe growing upon our firong pa[[es^ as thefe fooliHi Baccaras do. Indeed p.j-bUck eood. no Canibal dare do it, as places (Irong by nature are in common for the de- f-^nce of our country. Arioua. Let me fay what I will, , -a- v ' Invidious mahcc 1 nnd you are relolved to reiilt the Englidi Baccaras, but I w.fh our comperes of St. Lucie may not lead us into a fcrape : you know very well that they fwear venge- ance againft the Engliili, and for what reafoa I know nor ; for if they abandoned their lands in this illand, the EngliQi had a right to take them, rather than let them remain un- cultivated: and you fee thefe French Baccara*^, who remain, are as well treated as the Englifn arc, by all the judges in Kingdon, ^^^^ ^^..^ and love the Englifh, though they """^ C I hate [ 12 ] hate their compatriotes of St. Lucie. I am afraid thefe St. Lucie comperes want to make the cat's-paw of us, foolifhly thinking to get back their lands, now planted by the Enghfli, in good fvveet canes, in place Trade ard in- manioc and tobacco, which creafeotcui- fhcy left thcni in I for my part, I will not be led by the nofe by them, but will live in friendfhip with the Englifli Baccaras, as long as I can : had there not been all thefe dirmrbances, 1 might have got fome more negroes from Mr. Cells : he gave me credit for two lad years, for which I Effeas of lad paid him very honertly with the GovernnKnt. j-q^^cco they and my family planted ; but now, that thefe diRuibances are begun, we are obliged to fmuggle off our pro- duce to St. Lucie, and get nothing in return, but (irelocks, powder, and ball, which will one day be our deftru£tioa. Caliba, 1 fee the advantage of living in friend Qiip with the Englifh Baccaras •, but do you imagine they will let us keep our land? Gentle and hu- Artoua, No ; but t'othcr day, mancMethods. J ^j- Canowan, and a poor Baccara there told me he would give me his land, which is above twenty quarres, for mine vvhich is not five •, and though his land is not ib good as mine, there is enough to maintain my family, and make a good cotton crop befides, efpecially as there is good fifhing there: fo I will make the change, and would advife you to dp fo likewife, with fome other poor [ 13 3 poor Baccara atCanowan» the Union, Muftique, or in fome other of the Grenadine illands. Caliba, So I would, but they fay our lands are to be fold, and that thefe poor Baccaras will not be allowed to exchar.ge lands with us, nor will they allow the rich Baccaras to buy from us. Arioua. The Englifh Baccaras j^^^^^., are not cruel ; they will not ex- ^' ^ tirpate us, though we well defcrve ir, for cj:- 3\tirpating the natives, who gave us fnelter in •■)i-iour diftrefs; they mud therefore find us land fomevvhere, as they mud have scc^zy, poffelTion of ours, to fecure the Guiet of the iOand, in cafe of a war with the trench baccaras. They will buy the lands of thefe poor Baccaras in the Grenadines, and give them to us in exchange ; and then they may fell our lands to whom they Method popo- pleafe, or give them to the poor warriours when they take their pay from them-, for though theie will be no more cccafion fur them, when all is quietly ended, yet, if the French Baccaras become troublefome, they will want the affiftance of experienced war- riours hereafter. 1 know that the bloody Baccaras fay, that we will be as Seif-btereaed troublefome, when fettled in the PWrs. Grenadines, as we are now •, but how can that be? for if we joined the French Baccaras, the Englidi could cafily land in thefe fmall idands, and deftroy our vvomen and chil- dren, and burn our plantations: do they think I ti 1 think we would be fools enough to join the French Baccaras, who rciuicd us ihel- tcr in St. Lucie, though we told them we expe<^ed every day to be extirpated ? The French Baccara's tongue is very fine, but he never fi/ls ir^y eye fince the fiege or" Martinique. <^,.p.„^ Caliba. In fome months there is no water to be found in thefe fmall IQandsj and if we go to Btrguia, Cori- ouacon, or St. Vincent, to bring it in our canoes, they may rcfuie to let us have it. Ai)fvvcred. Arimia. We fooiifh Canibals, and fome foolifli Baccaras, always thought there was want of water in thefe i (lands ; but you fee the indudrious Englifli Baccaras find enough, by digging of weiis ; for there is now above two hundred neo-roes -in the Union, and feveral lettlements in che other Grenadine ifland.s, who fubfill by the water they find in tliat manner. Caltha. But won't they make fiaves of U5, when we are once in their power Arioua. Our Sr. Lucie comperes make us believe fo, to anfwer their own pur- pofes. .Q^,^^i^^, Caliha. Did not they fmk four of our canoes, and drown all the poor Canibals, a few days ago ^ Totmicktie Arm:a. ^ There may be bad men sgainft rafii amcngil thtm, 35 wcl i as amcng(l the French. Did not General Fcuquiere fend French warriours to attack us, when [ 15 ] •when I was a boy ; and had they fuccceded, would not they have 'taken our countr/ from us a: that timi^ ? Caliba. 1 have heard talk of that afiair, and if our forefathtfi-s were ab!e to beat oft and dtflroy Hve hundred regular l-Yench warriours, who had b.^en in long wars, ac a time the number of Canibals were Diffi-jtyofex- fmal', why can't we beat three tirjati^u. times the number, now that our force is increafcd ? Arioua. For a very good reafon. Adrantases m The Enghfii Baccaras have large atiacking£ru. poiTefuons in this iQind from wlience their warriours can be luppiied with proviHons aiid animunition and troops, if necefiary, may be had from the other ifiands: whereas the French landed in an enemy's country, and could nor even be f'j[)plied wici\ provifionsfrom their own fhipping, on accounc of the fuif where they landed; nor had they good houfes to fhclter their Tick and thofe who were not on immediare duty, v/hich the Englifh have, it v/as the climate and bad management, which occafioned the defeat of the French : the Englifn v.ill guard againft both-, they have good and fKiilfull v.-ariiours, many Rcfou^ccs. of them now livino; on their hnds in the different ifiands, v.dio are not only inured to the climate, but know how to provide again ft its bad effecls, and to carry on the war v/ith fuccch. [ .6 ] Caliha. But as we are idle at prefent, what prevents us from building' a firong- hold on the hill beyond Maferaca ? Jt cannuc pofTibly be taken with fwivels, nor till the warriours have brought up great big guns to make holes in the wall; and fhould they de- Jay doing lb tor a few months longer, it will^ be almod impofTible ; for you fee that fince we flopped the great road, the brufli-wood grows up very faft, and much thicker there Danger of than amongfi: the woods, having delays. morc air to encourage its growth; fo that, in a very fhort time, it will be much eafier to make a new road, than to clear the old one. ^rtoua. Your fort will never do. I believe you forget that I was at the fiege of Marti- nique, i tell you the Englifli warriours will make a mine under your rampart, and blow it up. Caliha. Mine! rampart! What's that, Arioua ? Arioua. A mine is a hole which they fill vv'iih powder, and a rampart is a wall of earth. Caliha. How will they make a hole under my wail ? Arioua, They will m.ake a hole in the glacis very deep, and then work forward like a rat, till they come to the bottom of the ditch ; and from thence into the rampart. Caliha. I wifh you would fpeak plain. I believe you forget that I was not at the fiege of Martinique. ' What's glacis.? Arioua, [17 ] Ariotia. Glacis is the Hoping earth you faid you would make from the ditch outwards. Cdliba. And did not 1 tell you it would be hollcvv :;clovv ? What's to hinder fome Cani- bals from (laying there, time about, nighc and day ? And when any of thcfc r.us ap- pear, let them knock them on the head, for they cannot come out above one or two in front, without much extraordinary labour. Arioua. You are fo fond of your fort, that I fhall take leave of you ; but mufi: tell you, that there never was a proper fort without flanks, baitions, curtain?, ramparts, parapets, banquets, bermes, and glacis. Caliha. Good God I what are ^^^^^ all thefe ? I fee i know nathing vantstheaf. of the matter. But perhaps, if fifi-nccfex- I 1-3 r perience. they were explained to me, 1 would underhand them as well as I now do that a mine is a hole filled withpov/der, and could as eafily provide againft tlie bad effcdls of them, or make thern turn out to our advan- tage. Since Arioua will not inform me. Til afk fome of the Fiencli deferters, and in place of carrying them back to general D'Ennery, at Martinique, as we Uifed to do, we will let them fbay here to fianh^ and other things for our forts, if thefe things v/iil do them good. I do not like that fellow Arioua \ he lives near theEnglifa ledanuy. Baccaras, and knows he will firH: fuller, but does not confuk the publick good. Nov/ D that t i8 ] that I think of it, I once faw him talking to one of thefe poor Baccaras, that became rich by building ilone forts: he has learned thefe hard words from fome of them, far I don*c believe he vvas at the fiege of Martinique, though he fays fo. I'il go to work; it is time enough to capi- tulate when a breach is made. "The END. General WOLFE 's INSTRUCTIONS T O YOUNG OFFICERS: ALSO HIS Orders for a Battalion and an Army, TOGETHER V/ITH The Orders and Signals ufed in Em- barking and Debarking an Army by Fiat- boctom'd Boars, dzc. AND A PLACART to the Canadians. To wjikh is prefixed The Refolution of tht Houfe of Commons for his Monument; and his Character, and the Dates of all his Commiffions. ALSO The DUTY of an Adjutant and Qj; arter - Master, &c. LONDON: Printed for T. Mill an, oppofite the Admiralty, Vf hitehall. M DCC LXVIIL ADVERTISEMENT. AL L fpurious Lifts muft be very deficient and er- roneous ; the Piracy of the Army Lift, with the application for authority, in oppofition to the only de- firable authority, is abfolutely the moft audacious, in- vidious invafion on property that ever was attempted ^ and I hope the univerfe could not produce eighteen more bookfellers who would be concerned in fuch a fcandalous infult upon trade. With the fame confcience they would, if poffible, ftrip mankind, even one another. This IS your Liberty and Property! — Bookfellers, fo- menters of defamation, fedition, treafon, and blaf- phemy, are the very grave of liberty ! O grief of griefs ! By means of fuch daring defperadoes the liberty of moft nations has fufFered. Jvji-publijhed, /or J. Mil LAN. 1. Lift of his Majefty's Land Forces and Marines, at Home and Abroad, &c. for i 768. By PermifTion, 53. 2. Mulicr's Works, of Fortification, Ennineering, Minc- ing, Artillery, Mathematics, &c. &c. containing upwards of 200 cuts, 7 vol. 2I 6s. or any volume feparate 3. Manceuvres for a Battalion of Infantry upon fixed Principles, with ^7 plates, jos 6d. 4. New Excrcife, by his Majefty's Order, is. 5. Recruiting pook propei for all Officers on that Ser- vice, z% 6d. 6. Regimental Book, with proper Heads, beautifully engraved, 4I 4s. -y. General Returns for reviewing Horfe, Dragoons, ^.nd Foot. 8. Di-io Monthlv and Weekly, Recruiting, &c. &c. o. New Pruflian.Field Regulations for Foot, 4to. 7s 6d. 10. A L;il: of the Forces of above Forty Sovereigns, &c. Rnnks, Uniforms, Number of Officers, pri- vate IV'ien. &c neatly coloured, los 6d. 1 1. Artificial FnewO'-ks improved, with 60 figures, by Robert Jones of the Ariillery ; the fccond edition, with the additions of three plates, 7s 6.d. HOUSE of COMMONS, Wednesday, Nov, 21II:, 1759. Resolved, r^HAT an humble addrcfs be prefented to his X Majefty, mofi: humbly to.defire his Majefl)', that he will be gracloufly pleafed to give direciions', that a monument be ere(5led in the collegiate church of St. Peter, Weftminfter, to the mem.ory of the ever lamented late commander in chief of his Ma- jeAy's land forces, on an expedition againft Quebec, Major General James Woli e, who, farmouiuing by abihty and valour all obflacles of art and na- ture, was flain in the moment of vi(5fory, at the head of his conquering troops, in the arduous and decifive battle againft the French army, near Que- bec, fighting for their capital of Canada, in the year 1759 ; and to alTure his Majefty, this houfe will make good the expence of erecting the iiiiJ monument. — At the fame time it was refolved, That the thanks of the houfe be given to the x^dmirais find Generals employed in this glorious and fuc- cefsful expedition againft Quebec. A ACCOUxNT ACCOUNT O F General WOLFE. A J O R General James Wolfe, fon of lieu- tenant-general Edward Wolfe, born at. Weflerham in Kent iith January i7'26. By nature formed for miliiary greatnefs ; his me- mory retentive, his judgment deep, his comprehen- fion amazingly quick and clear, his confiitutional courage not only uniform and daring, perhaps to an extreme, but he pofTelTed that higher fpecies of it, flrength, Aeadinefs, and aiSHvity of mind, which no difficulties could oblTrudl nor dangers deter. With an unufual livelinefs, almoll to an impetuo- fity of temper, not fubjecf to palTion; with the greatefl: independence of fpirit, free from pride. Generous almoft to prcfufion, he contemned every little art for the acquifition of wealth, whilfl he fearched after objects for his benevolence ; the deferving foldier never went unrewarded. In- ferior officers experienced his friendly generofity. Conftant and diflinguifliing in his attachments, manly and unreferved, yet gentle, kind, and con- ciliating in his manners, he enjoj'ed a large fhare of the friendffiip, and almofl the univerfal good-will of mankind ; and, to crown all, fincerity and can- dour, a true fenfe of honour, juflice, and public fpirit feemed the inherent principles of his nature, and the uniform tenor of his condufl. He [ m ] He betook himfelf very early to the profeiTion of arms, and v/irhfujh ttlents, joined to the moll un- wearied afTidaity, no wonder he was fingled out a? a moft rifing military genius ; even fo early as the battle of La-feldt, when fcarce twenty, he exerted himfelt in fo m-afterly a manner at a very critical juncture, that he was promoted to be a major of brigade, and got the hightft encomiums froqi the great ofFiCcr then at the head of the arm}'. — During the whole war he went on without interruption forming the military character, was prefent at every engagement, and never paffed undiflir^guifhed. Even after the peace, whilft others lolled in pleafure's downy lap, he cultivated the arts of war, and in- troduced (without one act of inhiim.anity) fuch re- gularity and exaclnefs of difciphne into his corps, that as long as the fix Britifh battalions on the plains of Mindcii are recorded in the annals of Eu- rope, fo long will Kingfley's ftand amongft the fore- mod: of that day. Of that regiment he continued lieutenant-colonel, till the great mxiniuer who roufed the fleeping genius of his country calied him into higher fpheres of aftion. He was early in the moil fecret confultations for the attack of Rochfort ; and what he would have done there, and what lis afterwards did at Louiibourg, are recent in every memory. He no fooner returned from thence than he was appointed to command the important expediiion againfl Quebec : there his abilities fhone in their brighteft luftre ; in defiance of numberlefs unfore- feen difficulties from the nature of the fituation^ from the great fuperiority of numbers, the ftrength of the place, and his bad ftate of health, he perfe- vercd with unwearied diligence, pradlifing every flratagem of war to effect his grand purpofes : at laff, alone in opinion, he formed and executed that great, that dangerous, yet neceffary plan, which drew A z cut [ iv 3 out the French to their fatal defeat, and will for ever denominate him the Conqueror of Canada. But tliere tears willflow, there when within the grafp of victory, he firfl: received a ball through his wrid, which immediately wrapping up, he went on with the lame alacrity, animating his troops by precept and example ; but, in a few minutes after, a fecond tatal ball through his body obh'ged him to be car- lied off to a fmall diftance in the rear, where roufed tjom fainting in his laft agonies by the found of, *' They run ;" he eagerly ailced, "Who run ?" and being told the French, and that they were defeated, he faid, " Then I thank God; I die contented;" and almofl: inftantly expired. Sunday Nov. 1 7th, at feven in the morning, his Ma- jefty's fliip Royal William (in which this hero's corpfe was bi ought from Quebec to Portfmouth) fired two fignal guns for the removal of his remains : at eight the body was lowered into a twelve-oar'd barge, Towcd by two twelve-oar'd barges, and attended by twelve twelve-oar'd barges to the Point, in a train of gloomy filent pomp, fuitablc to the melancholy occafion, gi ief doling the lips of the barges crews, iTiinute guns firing from the Ihips at Spithead to the time of landing at Portfmouth Point, the ceremony continuing one hour. The 4 1 ft regiment of foot was ordered under arms beforeeight, and being joined.by a company of the royal regiment of artillery, march- ed from the parade to the bottom of the Point to receive his remains. At nine the body was land- ed and put into a hcarfe, attended by a mourning coach, and proceeded through the garrifon. The co- lours on the forts were fli'uck half flag flaff, the bells muffled, rung in folemn concert with the march, minute guns were fired on the platform from the entrance of the corpfe to the end of the pro- celTion ; the com.pany of royal artillery led the van, with arms reverfed ; the corpfe followed, and the 4111:. C V ] 4if]: regiment followed the heaife, their arms reverfed, they conducted the body to the Lsnd- Port Gates, where the artillery opened to the right and left, and the hearfe proceeded through them on their way to London. Though m.any thoufands affemxbled on this occafion not the leaft difturbancc happened, nothing v/as heard but the murmnrs of broken accents in praife of the ever-to-be admired hero. At night, on the 20th, his remains were de- pofited in his family vault at Greenwich. Adjutants Duty cf the BritlHi Fcoc. ADJUTANTS are to fee all detachmeni^^ fore they be fent to che parade ; that their arms be clean, their ammunition, accoutrements, &c. ia good order, and thai a fcrjeant be fent with them to the parade. That they always cho^r^fe three or four good fer- jeants that can write w-.l, to wait orderly, and, if occafion happens, to carry verbal mefu^ges. . That they keep an exacl journal of the duty of every one in their refpeclive regiments ; viz. all de- tachments, all fick, gone to or returned from the hofpital, dcferted, dead, entertained from year to year, difcharged, or abfent by leave ; and that they give in a weekly return every Friday morning to the major of brigade in the ufual method, to be given to the general cf foot on Saturday morning. That they always take care to fend their fick to the hofpital, and take meafures for carrying the arms and accoutrements of the Tick. That all the adjutants of the Eritldi corps keep an -xa-fl: iiif of duty with the m.ajcis of brigade ; that they may fee jullice performed, and be able to " A 3 tell C vl ] tell every body when they are near dutj^ In order to keep in camp, and provide accordingly. That all adjutants keep conftantiy to all the rules nnd forms of difcipline and exercife, now ufed in the Britifh Foot, and on no pretence whatever to change or let fall any of the faid cuftoms till farther orders. That when any detachment is fent out, a ferjeant be fent with any number above ten, and a fubalterii with any number above twenty. A ferjeant may command to twenty, and a fubaltern to thirty ; and as the number of men doubles, to double the offi- cers. A captain may command from fifty to an hundred. C3ne captain, three fubalterns, hve fer-' jeants, one hundred men ; and fo in proportion to greater numbers. Orders for the Quartcr-mafters of the Bri- tilh Foot. A quarter-mafler of a regiment fliould be an boncft careful man, exa6f at his pen, and a good accomptant ; very well fkilled in the detail of a re- giment, and ought conlfantly to know every indi- vidual circumllance of a regiment, as to duty and finances. In garrifon, he is always to be employed in feeing the quarters kept clean, and receive all things be- longing to the vivres and hofpital ; provide all the camp equipage, and on all didributions of carriages, provifions, materials for work, to receive and diftribute according to order, keep exa6f ac- counts, and return what is neceHIiry or ordered, that the regiment may not b^ anfwerable for what is mifhng. That he be very careful in infpedfing the bread and provifions, that no unwholfome food be received ; and take care that deliveries be made ill [ vi; J in jnfl time. And whereas there are a great many things belonging to this employ which cannot be recited here, and that happen without rule, antienc cuflom, and the cullom of war, muft be followed. Orders for Britidi Foot in Camp. That all commanding officers, efpecially the ma- jors of each battalion, take care that good commu- nications be made on each flank ; that grand divi- fions may march, if neceflary ; and that the camp be always kept clean, by making houfes of office often ; and have fentinels, that none may eafe them- feives any-where elfe. That allfutiers, butchers, ore. take care to bury all their garbage and filth ; and not to fell any thing after nine at night, on pain of being punillied, as the major or adjutant fhall think flt. That no tents or huts be permitted in the front, ■or kitchens, or any thing but the quarter guard and houfes of office, which are to be at leaJl: one hun- dred paces in the front of the quarter guard. That no futler offer to harbour any body in the regiment without the major's knowledge; who Is to be very ftricl in examining what they are, and from Vv-hence they came, and have good fecurity for their honefty. That the major vifits the fu tiers very often ; and not fufFer any unwholfome provifions or liquor to be fold, or bad weights and meafures ufed. In cafe he finds any, to acquaint the prcvoff -general, who is to put the law in execution againff them. That no gaming be allowed any where but at the quarter guard. That no foldier ffirs out of camp without his of- ficer's leave ; and none ail night, but by the com- mandlFig C vili ] manding officer*s : the rolls to be called three times a day, and the abfent pnnifhed. That when an}' general officer comes to the head of the line, and the regiment underarms, all officers take their fpontoons, and ftand to their pofls. That every night, at retreat beating, the picqiiet draw out at the head of the colours three deep, and there go through all the manual exercife, and then be difmifTed.' That the captain of the picquet order a patrole to go conftantly every night, to put out all hghts in futlers tents, and fuffer no noife to difturb anybody, in the rear or any where elfe. That all officers, when they are relieved from any pofl: in the camp, or out-pof):, keep their men together, and march them to the corps they belong to, and then difmifs them ; and that they do not fuffer the men to flraggle, or offer to come off with- out their m.en v/nh them. That all officers miarch their men to the ge- neral parade in all the »ccuflomed formalities, ^nd draw them up in their rank, and keep their fpon- toons in their hands : they ground their arms, if fo required. That all officers under the rankof a brigadier en- camp with their regiments, except there be an houfe near the regiment, not marked by the quarter- mafter-general ; in fuch cafe, the colonel, or officer commanding the regiment, may take the faid houfe. That the quarter guard turn out, and give the re- fpe6five generals the honours due to them. Orders for the Britidi Foot on the Bay of March. That no reveillt; beats the day the army is to march, except ordered on purpofe. That [ ix D That fo foon as a general beats, all officers and foldiers drefs themfelves, and prepare for a march. That when the afTcmbly beats, to ftrike and pack np all the tents, load all the baggage, call in the quarter and rear guards, and to Itand to their arms in the flreets. That at the hour appointed for marching, all the drummers beat a march at the head of the line, and the minute they have done, all are to form and com- plete ; and when over, the drum is to beat either on the right or left, where the march begins : all are to wheel, and begin the march at the fame time. That all officers march in their ports ; and that no ferjeant or foldier flir out of his rank and file. That great care be taken to keep filence ; and not to have large intervals in the divifions, or large dif- tance in the ranks. That all colonels and commanding officers fee their regiments encamped before they quit them : and all captains and fubalterns to fee their men be encamped before they pitch their own tents. That all brigadiers fee their brigades into camp. That when a regiment fends for flravv, wood, or forage, thei'e be an officer fent with them, which is generally the regimental quarter-mafter, to keep the men from plundering or committing any diforders, and lead them back to their regiments ; and if there be danger, to fend a fuffxient guard with them. That in cafe the commander in chief meets the army on the march, in order to fee the march, all officers to alight, and fee the men march in good order, and falute him ; but not to falute the gene- ral of the foot, on the march, but to alight, and take their fpontoons. That fo foon as the regiments come to the line, all the officers alight and march in order. Jacohi Petiveri^ Opera omnia Hiftorlam Na- turalem Spedlantia. With Latin and Engli(h Names, Native Places, kc. Or his Gazophylaciiim et Miifciy &c. in 3 volumes. Containing about 70C0 Figures of Rare Birds, Bealls» Repiiles, Jnfeds. Fifn, Beetles, Moths, Flies, Shells, Corals, FoiHIs, Minerals, Stones, Funguffus, Moffes, Herbs, Plants, &c. from all Nations, on 309 large Folio Copper Plates, and about 800 Figures to Ray% Hillory of Plants. The Shells, &c. have Englife, Latin, and Native Names, N. B. Above 100 of thefe Plate?, and Seventeen curious Tradts were never publiflied before. Price 61. 6 s. A Catalogue of IMillan's MUSEUM will be publifiied when Time and Room will permit. Salts, Cryftals, Sul- pbvivs. Sec. Shelis, Coral, Pearls, FofTils, Petrifa£tions, &c. Cirds, Bc-afis, Fifn, Jijfcfts, Eggs, and Seeds, Teeth, Horns, Canes, &c. Prints and Fiflares, Books, &c. 2CC Gold 2CC Platina, 50c c Silver, 10c Cinnabar, sco- Copper, nce Tin and Antimony, zee Iron and Mri<;nc-ts, 200c Lead, Sorre Bifiriuth, Cobalt, Zink, Arfenic, Semi- Metals, ICOCC Minerals, Foffiis, J 000c Stones, Amber, &c. All the high Gems, 2CGO 2CCOCCC lOCOO lOOCOO 2CO0OO zocooo Duplicates of ^cvhich are 'vny nvnterousy jold or excha?!ged. ill hi Dire^fions to Travellers, or CoUetlors of Ra- rities at Home or Ah^oad^ by Sea or Land. ANIMALS, Vegetables, &c. in all their various nations, are ornaments to the moll elegant col- lection, nan-^es and country, viz. Fifhcs, ferpents, li- zards, fruits, See. are eafily preferved in arrack, rum, brandy, in many fpirits, or in a ftrong pickle, or brine of fea water ; to every gallon of which put four hand- fuls of common or bay fait, with two ipoonfuls cf al- lum povvdereJ, in a pot, bottle, jar,or cafk, well ilopt with cork pitched. Large Dir colons to Travellers^ Sec. Large fowls, if we cannot have them whole, their head, legs, and wings arc acceptable j fmall birds are eafily preferved by opening their bodies under the wing, and taking out their entrails. Stuff them with oakum dr tow, mixed wich pitch or tar, and being tho- roughly dried in the fun, wrap them clofe. and keep them from moifture. The eggs of all, with the nets of the fmall, notomit- ing thofe offnakes, lizards, and tortoifes, fea eggs, urchins, and frars. Plants. Take that part of either tree or herb with flower, feed, or fruit on thein, but if none gather them ; and if the leaves by the root dilTer from thofe above, take both, put them into a book or a quire of brown paper (which you take with ycu) as foon as gathered, and once a week fhifc them to a fre(h place to prevent rotting them or the paper. Plants, feeds, and dry fruits, as nuts,^ pods, heads, hulks, Sec. with their leaves, flowers and fruit, if pof- fible, dried and wrapp'd in paper; alfo apeiceof the wood, bark, root, gum, or rofm of any tree or herb thac is remarkable for beauty, fmell, ufe, or virtue. Infcdls; as beetles, fpiders, grafhoppers, bees, wafos, fire-flies, &c. may be drowned as caught, in a wide mouthM glafs or phial of the faid fpirits or pickle, which you may carry in your pocket. Butterflies and moths, or night-butterfles, having mealy wings, which may be rubb'd off v/ith the fingers, fnould be pinned when caught, and give the body a pinch to put it out of pain. The bed method to preferve their beauty is to pin them in a chip or cork-bottomed box, covering them with tobacco dud, fnufl", or beat pepper, to fave them from devouring infeds. Sea-flielis are very acceptable, yet the land and frefh water are the moft rare. Get them alive, and keep them whole. Shells, &c. not otherwife to be had, are to be found in the llomachs of various large fifli, and fometimes in iinall, as foles, kc, and on the backs of whales. Sec. Oyfterj, DireFlions to Travellers^ 8cc. Oyfters, cockles, fcollops, Szc. viz. Bivalves, or fhells in pairs, fhould be preferved with iheir original ligaments or fixtures. Sea and water-fiiells of the trochi, wilk, fnail, vo- lute, or buccina, ^c. fpecies have an operculum or door (without which they are not complete) thefe they fiiut when at rcfl to defend ; the few without adhere to the rocks or ground for defence. Clear the large of their fifh without boiling if pofli- ble ; the fmall may be kept with the operculum, and hdi in them, without oifence, in bran, fand, &c. to be dry. Boiling oft hurts and even changes the colour; as lobllcrs, crabs, t^c. corah, and all fea plants; weeds, ^c. are beautiful. Never let your ftiells, corals, &c. be touchM with any coroding acids, fuch as fpirit of fait, aqua-fortis, vinegar, kc. which will eniirely dellroy or exhaull them. Small ^ Specimens 7 Large 7 Animals and Shells Large S of the 5 Small 5 are moil efteem'd. when the different fizes cannot be had. All coloured ftones, eavths, clays, minerals, metals, and ores to be taken as you find them ; ftones as have any refemblance to fhells, fruits, wood, bones, &c. to be got as intire as you can, and flates that have the impreffion of plants, filhes, infects, or other bodies in or upon them; found in quarpef, mines, pits, caves, or wherever the earth is opened. N. B. Amongft plants, the moft common grafs, rufh, iriofb, fern, thifties, thorns, or vileft weeds you can find abroad, may meet with the fame acceptance as fcarce plants; fo in all other things the mod common as well as rare, i.e. whatever you meet with, may prove acceptable prefents, and have gain'd preferment where money could not avail. [ I ] Inflrudlions for young Officers. By COLONEL WOLFE. WHEN a }-Gi!rig gendeman betakes himfelf to the pro'iellion of arms, (lie fnoiild feriouny reflect upon the nature and duties of the way of life he has entered into, and confider, that it is not as the generality of people vainly imagine, learning a iitfic of the exercife, fainting gracefully, firing his pla- toon in his turn, mounting a few guards (carelefsly enough) and finally, expofing his perfon bravely in the day of battle ; which will defervedly, and in the opinion of judges, acquire him the character of a good officer: no, he mufl: learn chearfuUy to obey his fuperiors, and that their orders and his ov.'n be punctually executed. xls there muif of neceffity be in a nevv- battulion many young and uninformed ofiicers, I fliall, ;-:s briefly as I am. capable, inform them what I think their duty, and what confequently is expected from them. They are, without lofs of time, to make them- felves perfecL mailers of the exercile of the lirelock, that thev mav be able to afiill in trainincx the voungr ioldiers in arms. They are conflantly to be prefent at roll-calling ; and fo fcx)n as they can make themfelvcs acquainted Vvith the Dames and perfons of the nven of the com- panies they belong to ; and fo foon as pofiible with their chara6lers, that they may know the proper fubjecfs to encourage, ai-id point out as examples, as well thofe alfo whom it wili be neceiiliry to keep a flricl hand over. B They C 2 ] They arc to obferve that the men are drefTed in a foldier-like manner, and conformable to the orders of the regiment. They are to get exa6l Hfts of the mens necefiarics, and as well as the captains, of the arms, accoutre- ments, and ftores. They under the captains are to be anfwerable that the proportion of the foldiers pay, ordered by the commanding officer {viz.) two {liiliings and four pence per week, be laid out in good and whol- fome provirions. They are to vifit their companies quarters at leaft thrice a week, fee that they are kept clean, well aired, and beds made ; and that if the landlords bave any juft caufe of complaint againfl: the foldiers, or the foldiers againft the landlords^ the aggrieved may, by application through the proper channel, find redrefs. They fliould frequently chufe the hour of the foldiers dining for their vifitation, that they may judge whether their vi 1743* Captain,. 4 Foot, Barren's, ■ ■ - —_ 23 June, 1744. Major, 33 Foot, Johnfon's, — 5 ^eb. 1746-7. M?.ior, 20 Foot, Lord George Sackville, 7 , „ Lord Bury, ' ^ 5 Jan. 1748-9. Lieutenant Colonel, 20 Foot, Lord Bury, 7 , Honywood, Kingfiey, 1 20 March, 1749.50, Colonel, Brevet, • — -~ 21 0<5l. I757< Brigadier General, in America, ■ 23 Jan. J758. Colonel, 67 Foot — =^ • 21 April, 1758. Major General, 1759' Killed at Qn_ebec, 13 Sept, 1759, sfter a glorious Vi(5lc'ry. B z As L 4 ] As there arc Aiil ic^xral attainted and excepted perfons lurking up and do ah the countr}-, you aie^ upon the notice of any iudi perfon or perfons being in your neighbourhood, to apply to the civil magi- flrate, or next jurdce of the peace, for a warrant to'- apprehend him or them, and, if occafion require?,, to be nffifhant to them in- the execution of fucli war- rant ; or if there faould appear to yon. a likelihood of their making their eicape by prolonging the time hi applying to a juflice of peace to apprehend them, or in cafe the civil magiflrate iliould r :h[e to grant fuch a v/nrrant, yon are in either of ti-efe cafes to fe'ze the by vrr.':>-:.ry force, and fl cure thc-'.n till ti-.ey o.n ' V b- ore the next judice of pt-ace, to b" \ " ■ 'w ■: mbo-d to I he nearelt lecure pnTon,. i;i ■ ■ : .' ^ ' ■ : ■-uniilicd as the i':^' dij-ebr::. A3 d- V,:;- . ■ /;'bi ■:..?A cdku-l^bion h k.ot . ■ - ' , ' -)ni;;:-i;:g n.i;dderc, ai'd . by and^-Ib^ipady the c .::e r a i t- e i\ a ..aig therefrom, 30U are tv> ''-^i V ab r: on ^ .abbng them our, ard when yon (hall ever ibid any of thern aflbciating lo ra-.a-e than the number prelcribed by act of parliament, immediately feize them, procure proof of their hav- ing fo aiTociated, and carry them before the civiL magillrate, or next juftice of the peace, in order to their being committed to prifon, and AuTering as the a6f direS ] 'Jiilgcnce be granted for the future but at the ciK- cer's requeil. A ferjeant or corporal commanding a detachment upon any kind of duty is to be anfwerable for the behaviour of his men ; or if he neglects to confine or punifli fuch as are guilty of crimes, or endea- vours to conceal them, he himielf vrili be puniiliei for fuifering fuch irregularities. The orderly corporal of each company is to m.ake r. report in writing every morning before the guard mounts, to his captain or commanding officer, of the mens names that are to mount guard, the men Tick in the hofpital or in their quarters, and of any thing elfe that is proper to be reported ; this is to be the confcant praiai£nt. Notwithfranding the orders that have been given, that the foldiers fhould not concern thcmfelves with the mobs of the place they happen to be quartered in, the colonel is furprized to hear that leveral of the men had the impudence to infuit fome of the officers of juRice, and to beat the executioner. This is therefore ordering all the officers, ferjeants, and corporals of the regiment, to apprehend every man who fnall hereafter prefume to mix in riots of this kind, otherwife than as a fpe(flator, that fuch of- fender may be brought to trial and feverely pii- niffied. The colonel is likewife informed thai fome foldiers followed the women, after they were re- leafed, into the country, xmd joined with the boys and idle vagabonds of this place to treat the wo- men with the utmoft inhumanity, to the great fcan- dal and difhonour of the corps : he looks upon the behaviour of thofe foldiers to be infamous in all rc- fpefts ; and commands that for the future, in a like cafe, the non-commiffioned officers take the fhorteH: method they can defire, and the moft effedlual, to put an immediate ftop to fuch proceedings. 1752, — The court-martial has judged the crime of Rigby the grenadier to be of fo pernicious a nature that they have fentenced him to receive 600 lafhes. His youth and former good behaviour are the only confiderations that could induce the lieutenant-colo- nel to pardon him : but if hereafter any ferjeant or corporal is known to receive a bribe from a high- lander, or from any perfon whatever, found or known to tranfgrefs the laws, and does not feize the perfon, or report fuch tranfgreffion, he the non- commiffioned officer, guilty of fo heinous a crime, "Will be inflantly broke, and feverely puniffied : and [1 if f r 1 if any private foldier ever takes money, or a reward; of any kind, that may lead him to betray his truft, fuch foldier will be whipped without mercy. — And' if any ferjeant or corporal, upon a patroling duty in the Highlands, or commanding a detachment at a fixed poll:, fhall make a fiiife report of any fort, ei- ther to the officer from whom he is detached, or to the commander of the regiment, a non-commiiTion- ed officer fo offending will certainly be broke. It is with great fatisfacTiion that the lieutenant- colonel has received reports from the captains and officers commanding in the different cantonments of the general good behaviour of the companies under their orders, of which he will not fail to acquaint lord Bury when his lordffiip joins the regiment 5 nor will he forget to mention how m.uch reafon he has to be pleafed with the companies at Invernefs. The foldiers muft obferve, that this fort of condu6t is for their credit and advantage, and they m.ay be affiired it is highly agreeable to his majefty, and quite confident with the nature of his government ; whereas violence, robberies, thefts, and illegal ac- tions in the troops of the army, are diredlly contrary to the king's juft intentions, and are a difnonour to- his reign. The lieutenant-colonel and officers do plainly perceive that gaming is thefource of a great deal of mifchief; and therefore they are defirous to put an effectual ftop to it : the Gentries are once more or- dered not to fuffer it near their pofts, and the fer- jeants and corporals are required to vifit and examine fuch houfes and places of refort as are moft to be fufpe(5fed, at any hour of the day or night that they judge convenient, and to look through the quar- ters of the foldiers that they believe to be addi(fled to piay. The lieutenant-colbnel is informed that feverali foldiers have^beea married in this town in a clan- V 3, ddiioe C 30 1 deftine and illegal manner : this pra6^ice is contrary to all order and dlicipline, and deferves an exem- plary punlQiment, as well from the civil magiftratcs as from the military; the firft foldier who fliall dif- obey the repeated orders that have been given upon this fubjecfi:, and (hall prefume to marry in this in- famous manner, and without his officer's knowledge, mufl: expe^l: to be proceeded againft with the utmoU rigour. — The lieutenant-colonel further recommends to the foldiers not to marry at all ; the long march, and embarkation that will foon follow, mufl con* vince them that many women in the regiment are very inconvenient, efpecially as fome of them are not fo induftrious, nor fo ufeful to their hulbands^ as a foldier 's wife ought to be. DOVER CASTLE. Dec, 23. 1753. — The lieutenant-colonel has had complaints from the people in the neighbourhood of' this caftle againll fomc women of loofe dif*- orderly condufl, fuppofcd to belong to the garri- fon ; which however is not true. — The colonel is likewife informed that the foldiers have in an open^ indecent, and fcandalous manner frequented thefe fame women, to the great difhonour not only of the corps they belong to, but to mankind in gene* ral : he therefore defires they may be informed, that he confiders this fort of commerce with the kx as the lad and mofl: dangerous degree of brutality. Ignominy, and vice; and that he cannot but enter- tain an exceeding contemptible opinion of thofe who have been conceined in it. Thefe women, encou- nged by the foldiers, have done mifchief here- abouts to the farmers : the foldiers will therefore for the future be looked upon as the abettors of tiicfc abandoned, infamous perlous, and mil be ac- countable r 3-1 1 eonntable in fome meafuie for their ill deeds, and punifhed accordingly. Hazle, of capt.ivlaxweli's company, is not hereafter tobefuffered to go without the caftle gates; the lieut. colonel does not mean by this to prevent his de- fer ting, but to punidi him for his infolence : but he defires that Hazle, and Findafs the grenadier, who has already been condemned for treafon, may know, as well as all thofe who have been in the fervice of France, or defire to be there, that he fets no fort of value or eftimation upon them, and that he had much rather they wei*e in the IriQi brigades than in the army of Great Britain ; but if ever he hears that any deferter fhall dare hereafter to threaten to defcrt, he'll be immediately whipped out of the regi- ment, with every mark of infamy, contempt, and difgrace, as unworthy to continue in it, and as a fit recruit for the rebel battalions, hired by the French to fcrve againft their country. As there is reafon to believe that recruits are em- barked at Dover Caftle for the French army, and that deferters from our troops efcape in the fame veffels, any foldler of the regiment who can make difcov^ery of fuch recruits, or apprehend any cf thefe deferters, fhall be rewarded over and above the allowance, granted by a6l of parliament : the fol- diers that lie in town have the fineft opportunity for thefe fort of difcoveries ; and the lieutenant-colonel defires they may be informed, that diligence and prudence in this matter will be very agrceble to him, and advantageous to thcmfelves. His Royal Highnefs the Duke when he reviewed the regiment at Pleading was pleafed to exprefs his approbation of feveral parts of the difcipline of it ; fuch as the manner of carrying the arms, of levelling, of marching, and of wheeling, and ia particular of the filence and obedience that he ob- iervcd, and ready compliance with orders, without C 32 ] the confufion fometimes perceived In the execution of things that feem new; but his Royal Highnefs thought that general Pulteney's Regiment fired their platoons and fubdivifions quicker than we did, wherefore lord Bury has commanded that we prac- life the fame platoon exercife that they do ; for to the difference between their platoon exercife and ours, his lord (hip afcribes their fuperiority in this point ; and as his lordfhip is very defirous that no re- giment fhould exceed his own in the performance of every part of their duty, and in matters of difci- pline, he deftres we may begin to pra6flfe this platoon: exercife as early as poffible. 1754. — It is obferved that fome of the men make it a conftant practice to get drunk every day, pay- day, or whenever they have any money, and that quarrels and riots are the ordinary confequences of this fhameful and brutal excefs ; thefe men are therefore to be informed, that fome moderation in, their drink would be more becoming, and that they may entertain themfelvcs without proceeding to fuch extravagant lengths, by which the number of prifoners are every day augmented, their healths impaired, and their clothes fpoiled, befides violence and infolence, the infeparable companions of drunk- ennefs : they may be further told, that no truif or confidence can be put in men that have fo little command of themfelves ; becaufc it is believed if duty and brandy were put into compofition, the li* quor would be likely to prevail : feveral examples of men that have left their guards and ports to drink, but too plainly confirms this opinion : here- after thofe profeft drunkards are to expe [ 35 1 _ to praclife the platoon exercife in different fliapes; to be taught to march, with a quick flep, for par- ticular occafions ; and to atack or defend themfelves with their bayonets in different orders, and as va- riety of circumflances may require. When the companies come under arms to prac- tife the platoon exercife, they are always to have pieces of wood inflead of flints, that their praf their country; fuch troops as thefe, men that may be depended upon in all changes and cir- cumftances, delerve to be confidered as real foldiers, and to be valued and cfteemed accordingly. >-eYeral indecencies have been committed by the foldiers, and the riidefl and mod: provoking affi'onts hcive been offered to women, even in the publick iireets; the men are to be told that the praclice of atiionting and infulting the fex is unmanly and bru- tal to the higheft degree, and leaves an imprefTion very huriful to the reputation of the regiment. The oiiicers are to have exadt accounts of the private ha- bitation of every foldier who does not lie at his bil- let, that they may give directions to the non-com- miffioned officers to look to them as often as they think it neceiTary. A detachment of three fubaltern officers, three ferjeants, three corporals, one drummer, and 96 men to march to-morrow morning towards Plymouth ; tiiey are to have 12 rounds of an^nunition, their duty is to prevent any mutiny on board or defertion from thic guard ffiips, which they are to execute with diligence uud fpirit. L 39 J As the life of foldlers on board a fleet In nn en- gagement depends almoft entirely upon a well di- rected fire, and as the objects to aim at, var}- every inftant, the foldiers are to pracllfe to dire6~t their muflcets either to the right or left, and to take fonie particular mark in view before they fire, fometimes upon a level, fometimes above, and fometimes be- low ; they are to fire flanding in two ranks, with the loweft mien in front. Upon a fiiddcn order to get under arm^s to march, or otherwile, all the ofHcers of a company are to be V, ith their men as quick as pofTible ; and when they are afferabled with their arms, ammunition and ne- ceffaries, the officers are to march them to the ge- neral alarm pod of the regiment ; this order is al- ways to be obferved. \Vhen the companies of a regiment are cantoned or quartered at any diilante from each other (and it may not be improper to take this opportunity to fiiy, that if it fliould happen ia the courfe oF a war, if there fhouid be a war) that one or m.ore companies be cut off or divided by an enemy from the bulk or body cf the regiment, fuch company or companies are to c-aarge that c';;erf:y without lofs of time, and try to force their vvay through to the colours. As beating to arms in the night or upon an alarm is apt to create confufioii , and diforder, it fliould be practifed as feldom as pof* fible ; but when there is a neceility for calling the troops fuddenly under arms, either to refifl an ene- my or to march and furprize them, or for any pur- pofe of war, the officers and non-commiilioned of- ficers of companies fliould call their own men cut of their refpeftive quarters, and affemble them fi- lently and qiiietly at their place of parade, to march from thence in good order to the general alarm pofc of the regiment. The lieutenant colonel hopes that the captains will give direfTtions for a neceffiry number of gun fci-ews, E 2 pickers. C 4° ] pickers, and worms, to be conflantly provided in thtlr refpeftlve companies, and properly diftributed. And he recommends to ail the officers of the regi- ment to confider of what importance it is to have the arms and ammunition of the regiment at all limes in the mofi: exacl order. If any foldier of the regiment is fecn to m«ake nfc of his bayonet to turn the cock fcrew of his fire- lock, or othcrwlfe abudng that weapon, fuch fol- dier will be indantly imprifoned. It is necellary that every foldiei- in the regiment fliould be taught to put a flint into his piece, fo as to procure the moll certain fire, and not to cut the barrel ; and it is like- wife of great importance that every foldier fl'i.culd be taught to make up his ov;n ammunition. Thcfe are t!iin:;s that are not to be nejdecied without detii- ment to the fervice, and therefore the lieuttnant- coloncl recommends them to the captains and offi- cers as objcc^ts worthy their attention. There -are particulars in relation to fire arms that the (o^dicrs fnould know; one is, tlie quantity cf powder t!Mt throws a ball out of a muHcer in th.e tiucd dirC'^ciiin to the n^ark, and to the greateft dif- t-ncc; a m*'^tter that experience and pra(flicewill befl • ' .;' ./.cr; foldiers are apt tovim.agine that a great qinintiry of powder ha^ the beft cffi6l, whicli i- a c.ip fal error. The Hze of the cartiidge with ball is airnlier material confideration, becaufe when the iTiufl:et grows foul with repeated Mring, a ball too near the caliber of the muH^et will not go down with- out great force, and the danger cf firing the piece wlien the b d! is not rammed well home is well known : tl^.e foldiers fiiould be informed that no other force in ramming dov^n a charge is ncce'rai y than to colleifl the powder and place the ball clofe upon it. If the ball is ram.med too hard upon th.e powder, a great part of it will not take fire, and con- iequently the iliot will be of fo much the lefs force. [ 41 J As the war feems to be inevitable, the officers arecfc- fired to turn their thoughts to what may be mofl ufe- ful and ferviceable to his mnjefty's afTliirs and the good of the counrr)^ as far as we can contribute to it ; and if any officer has any thing at any time to pronofe that he thinks can be of ufe, the lieutenant- colonel will be particularly obliged to fuch officer for the difcovery, and will give him all the thanks that are due. The lieutenant-colonel begs that the young officers will noL look lightly over the orders and directions that are given, but that they will con- fider them as they are really intended, meant for their inflruclions, and his majeffy's lervice. If the foldicrs of a company difcover a maligner at any time, or one of thofe rafcals that fliun duty and danger, from cowardice or effeminacy, they are to inform the non-comraifuoned officers of the company, who is to acquaint the captain of it, that fuch female charaders may be properly diftin- goillied. The lieutenant-colonel has been told that fome have pretended illiiefs to avoid field-days and ordi- nary exercife ; how unfit fuch men as thefe are for war may be eafily imagined, and how well they merit contempt and punifhment: foldiers are to underfiand that conflant and regular exercife is as neceffary for their healih as it is for their inftruc- tion ; and that an army of men, undifciplined, un- taught, and unufed to any fatigue, is an eafy prey to people trained in arms, and brought up in all the exercifes of war. If ever the lieutenant- colonel hears, or is informed, that a foldier expreffes him- felf to be diiTatisfied with exercife, or work, or inarching, or any other duty that falls to his fnare, or that he drops words tending to difcourage the young men, or finds fault with whatfoever is or- dered or appointed, he will particularly take notice of fuch foldier, and will treat him as fo pernicious E 3 and [ 42 3 and villainous a conduci: deferves; and if any thing oF that kind is ever difcovered in a non-commiffioncd oflicer, he mull: expeci no mercy or forgivenefs. It is the dilVmguifhed chara61cr of a good foldier to go through every part of his duty with chearfulnefs, icfolation, and obedience. The commanders, in their refpecflive quarters, will fee that the foldiers are regular in their attend- ance on divine fervice ; and it is hoped they do all in their power to aboliPa drunkennefs and fwearin^ i \ i:es peculiar to the Britifh troops) from amongii them ; at leafl:, that they will rcprefent the infamy and brutality of fuch vices, and punifli the offend- er?. Several foldiers have taken upon them to marry without the confent or approbation of their captains : the lieutenant-colonel will have a lift fent of thefe mens names with the firft orderly man. He has been informed that fome mean rafcals have agreed with the magiflrates, or civil officers. In their quarters to marry proflitutes and common whores for pecuniary confiderations, to the great "difhcnour and difcredit of the troops. — If ever any tiling of this fort comes to his knowledge, he will never forgive the offender, nor confider him in any o'her I'ght than as the laff and moft contemptible of fcoundrels, and will order him to be treated as fuch upon all occafions. WlVen the companies are reviewed in fa'r weather,, the men are to do the platoon exercife with their knapftcks on, to accuHom them to ufe their arms under this difadvantage ; bccaufe it often happens t! at they are obliged to fight in that manner ; and therefore great care fhould be taken to place them in fuch a manner upon the foldiers backs as to be the leaft inconvenient. ' 22. Oft, — The battalion is to march forthwith to the coaff of Kent, to afTirt in the defence of the country. Thirty-fiX rounds of ammunition- to be delivered C 43 1 delivered to every man that marches, and as many rounds to be carried by the companies they belong to for the corporals and men as are gone on the re- cruiting fervice, but will probably join the diviijon on the m.arch. Arms and accoutrem.ents arc to be carried for fevcnty rank and file. All the flints are to be delivered to the men. Every foldier of the regiment to be provided with a flopper of wood or cork for the muzzle of his muikct, and fomething to flop the touch-hole, to keep out the xvct in rainy weather. It is his majefty's pleafure that bat and baggage liorfes be forthwith provided for the twentieth re- giment of foot : and the captains and officers are to provide themfelves as cxpeditioufly as poiTible, either before they march, or upon the march, ia confequence of the king's commands. If, in this fituation of things, a foldier fliould be wanting in his duty, maligner, or quit his divifion, or mifbehaving upon the march, or in his quarters, he Tnall be punifhed with double feverity ; and the officers who lead the divifions are commanded to preferve the ftriclieft order, difcipline, and obe- dience. When the men are crouded in their quar- ters they mufl content themfelves with flraw, with- out murmur or complaint. If the enemy lands (as they feem to intend) the lieutenant-colonel does not doubt but that the of- ficers and foldiers will afl againft them with there- folution and courage of men. who mean to diftin- guilh themfelves in the defence of their king a^id country, and with the fpirit of a free people. GRAVESEND. The lieutenant-colonel has been told, that fome of the men, rather than difagree with general Stew.irt's people. C 44 ] people, or complain, were contented with draw and fuch covering as the houfes in Dartford could af- ford. The lien tenant-colonel Is extremely well plcafed with this fort of behaviour, and thinks it manly and foldier-likc ; but at the fime time he de- fires the foldiers may be aflured, that they fhall al- ways be prote61ed in their jull: rights when they make their demands through the officers, and with modefty and decency. CANTERBURY. The lieutenant-colonel is perfuaded that the of- ficers will in all refpew.]irs upon its right, makes the fecond grand divifion of the left wing of the battalion under the duke of Richmond's command, or in his abfence x\'a([v: captain M'Dowall's command. — Thefe eight companifs are each to be told off into two platoons for the pi eilmt ; but they upon other occafions may only be confidtrcd as one platoon, if their numbers or othtr clrcumftancec require it. The company of grenadiers is to be drawn up together upon the right of the battalion, and cap- tain Grey's company as a piquet upon the left, each at a llitle diffance from the battalion, and told off into two platoons. The officers are to be with their own companies. Where there are two captains in a grand divifion, one of them is to be in the rear, and one lieutenant is to be placed in the rear of each of the other grand divifions- One old foldier of every company (except the gre- nadiers) is to be chofen for the guard of the colours, or C 46 ] or a yonnger man of unexceptionable chara(n:er, for whole behaviour the captain will be anfwer^ble ; thefe men are to be fuch as have never been punifh- cd for any crime, or even under fentence. This little platoon, with two ferjeants,- two cor- porals, fupported by the hatchet-men, are to guard and defend the colours, and a proper officer will be appointed to command thern, if the battalion fliould be ordered to attack the enemy in thi'3 or any otlier order of battle, a captain or officer commanding a company or platoon (hall be at liberty to except againft any particular man, recruit, or young foldier, who appears timid, and turn fuch foldier out of the ranks, that his fears may have no influence upon the refl. The regiment is not to be formed in this manner but when it is particularly ordered. Inftru6tions for the 20th E^egiment (in cafe the French land) given by Lieutenant- colonel Wolfe at Canterbury. Dec. 15, 1/55- — Whoever fliall throw away his arms in an acflion, whether officer, non-commiffioned officer, or foldier (unlefs it appears that they are damaged fo as to be ufelefs) either under pretence of taking up others that are of a better fort, or for any other caufe whatfoever, muft expefl to be tried by a general court-martial for the crime. If a ferjeant leaves the platoon he is appointed to, or d(>js not take upon him the immediate com- mand of it in cafe the officer falls, fach ferjeant will be tried for his life as foon as a court-martial can be conveniently affiembled. — Neither officer, non-com- niiiTioned officer, or foldier, is to leave his platoon or [ 47 ] ^or abandon the colours for a flight wound ; while a man is able to do his duty, and can fland and hold his arms, it is infamous to retire. The battalion is not to halloo or cry out upon any account whatfoever, although the refl: of the troops (liould do it, until they are ordered to charge with their bayonets ; in that cafe, and when they are upon a point of rufliing upon the enemy, the battalion may give a war-like fhout and run in. Before a battle begins, and while a battalion is marching towards the enemy, the officer command- ing a platoon is to be at the head of his men, look- ing frequently back upon them to fee that they are in order, the ferjeant in the mean while taking his place in the interval, and ihe officers are not to go to the flanks of the platoons till they have orders, or a fignal fo to do from the officer commanding the battalion, and this will only be given a little before the adfion begins. If I he battalion fliould be crowded at anytime, or confined in their ground, the captain or officer com- manding a grand dlvifion may order his center pla- toon to fall back till the battalion can extend itfelf again, fo as to take up its ufual ground. All the officers upon the left of the colours are to be upon the left of their platoons; the captain of the piquet is to be on the left of his pique:, and the enfign in the center. Every grand divifion confiAlng of two companies, as they now are, is to be told off in three platoons, to be commanded by a captain, a lieutenant, and an enfign, with a ferjeant to each ; the reft of the offi- cers and non-commiffioned officers are to be diflri- buted in the rear to compleat the files, to keep the men in their duty, and to fupply the places of the officers or the ferjeants that may be killed or dan* ^eroufly wounded. Every C 48 ] Every mufketeer is to have a con pie of fpare ball?, an cxceileiii: flint in his piece, another or two in his pouch, and as much ammunition as he can carry. A foldier that takes his muflcet off his (houlder, and pretends to begin the battle without order, will be put to death that inftant : the cowardice or ir- regular proceedings of one man is not to put the whole in danger. A foldier that quits his rank, or offers to fly, is to be inftantly put to death by the officer that com- mands that platoon, or by the officer or ferjeant in the rear of that platoon; a foldier does not deferve to live who won't fight for his king and country. If a non-ccmmiffioned officer or private man is miffing after an a£lion, and joins his company af- tervv'ards unhurt, he will be reputed a coward and a fugitive, and will be tried for his life. The drummers are to flay with their refpe^livc companies to affifl: the wounded men. Every officer, and every non-commiffioned officer, is to keep firicftly to his pofl and platoon, from the beginning to the end of an aftion, and to preferve all pofiible order and obedience ; the confufion oc- cafioned by the lols of men, and the noife of aitil- lery and muflcetry, will require every officer's fl:ri S C < - •'-^ o o o to C if o i: Id Amherft. Ariftruther. Kennedy. Webb. Lawrence. Otway. 4J so O c CD D CO c o H 2 i !U J o '■^ pq no Bragg. Frazier. MoncktoH, Lafcelles, G Order a o d ■ rH to Aniirmiier i- razier. Kennedy. o d CD S Webb. Lawrence. Otway. no •T3 O Muockton, Lafcellcs. C 63 ] The detachments of the army ivIU be generally made by batuiiions, companies of gi'enadiers, pic- quets, or companies of light infantry. T he picquet of every regiment lliall be in propor- tion to the ifrength of the corps, but always com- manded by a captain. If the general thinks proper to order intrcnch- ments in the front or rear of the army, the corps are to fortify their own poAs. The fleet from Loiiilbourg to fail in three di- vifions. The flrfl brigade is the white divifion, Second brigade red divifion, Third brigade blue divifiun. The grenadiers of Louilboiirg -and the dangers will be appointed to one or other of ihcfc '.iivirioiis. If the regiments here have time to pat a qiiantiiy of fpruce beer into their tranfports, it will be of great ufe to the men. Weak and fickly people are not to eftib.^;': wl':'!- their rcgim.ents ; meaftircs will be taken to bring thefe men to the ar.my as foon as they are perfectly' recovered. Major general Wolfe Vvill fill up all the vacanci;:.- in the army as foon as he receives general AmheriV^- commands. A proportion of tools will be delivered to every regiment. The corps are to receive thirty-fix rounds of am- munition, fome loofe ball, and three flints /^r man. Caflcs of ammunition will be put on board fmall vef- fels ready to be diflributed when wanted. As the navigation in the river St. Lawrence may, in fome places, be dilficult, the troops are to be as ufeful as polTible in working their fliips, obedient to the admiral's commands, and attentive to all the fignals. G 2 No C 64 ] No boats to be hoifled out at fea but upon the m ort l! i-ge n t n ecelTi t y . After the troops are imbarked the commanding officers will give all neceflhry dirc6lions for the pre- fervation of rlieir mens health. Guards mufl mount every day in every fliip to keep {\nS: order, and to prevent fire : when the weather permits, the men are to eat upon deck, and be as much in the open air as pofTible ; cleanlinefs in the births and bedding, and as much exercife as the fituation permdts, are the beft prefervatives of health. When the troops afTcmble at Louiibourg or the B.v; (;f pie the commanders of regiments are to r.iii' c rjpoi rs to their refpeclive brigadiers of the Itrcngth and condition of their corps ; and if any arm-:, a;Tr.r.iinit:ion, tools, or camp equipage, &c :je wanting, it is likcwife to be reported, that or ders may be given for a proper fupply. A report is to be made at rhe flirae time, by every regiment and corps in the army, of the numiber of men their boats will conveniently hold. Gorham's and Dank's ran,:^er3 wiil be fent to joii Mr. Durell's as foon as any Ihip of v, ar fails for th river. Thefe two compaiiies are to be embarke in fchooners, .or floops, of the firfl: that arrive, r mo' ing the foldiers into larger tranfports. Ir any (hip by accidait fivnild l un on fliore i the river, friiail veiiels and boats will be fent t their affillance. They have nothing to apprehen from the inhabitants on the north fide, and as littl from the Canndians on the foutb. Fifty m.en wit arms may eafily defend themft^ves until fuccour a rives. If a fliip fliould happen to be lofl, the men o fl}ore are to make three diftindl fires in the nigh and three diflinfl fmoal^s in the day, to mark the fituation. TI [ 6s ] The troops are to embark as foon after the ar- rival of the tranfports as they conveniently can, and as there are many more (hips taken than there will be wanting (if they all arrive) they are to have a good allowance of tonnage. When the regiments arrive at Louifbourg they are to give a return to the adjutant-general of the num- ber of men they have loif fince the redu(5lion of Louilbourg, and of the number of men recruited fince that time. The fix companies of Rangers are to give ^n the like rerurn. Captain Gorham's company of Rangers to hold themfclves in readinefs to embark to-morrowmorning,- LOUISBOURG. May i/ih, 1759, PAROLE Vv O L F E, The regiments to give in a lifl of their volunteers, according to their feniority and fervice. Captain Cramake, of general Amherfc's regi- mciu is appointed to acl as deputy judge-advocate to the expedition. Lieutenant i'obfon of general Lafcelles regiment is appointed by general Araherfc a major oF brigai^r in this -army. As the regiments arrive they are to have frefh beef delivered to them ; and in general, v.diilii the rroops remain in this hai hour they are to be fur- nifned with as much freOi proviiions as ojin be procured. Bragg's regiment, the grenadiers, and-. Rangers, to hold themfelves in readinefs ro imbark at- a day's notice. Bcfides the.thirty-flx round? oF ammunition, with which, every foldicr is to be pioviJed, a qnantity of G 3. cartridg^> C 66 3 caruklges in calks is to be put on board the tnni ports. If the captains of major DalUng's corps of ligh infantry ohje6f to any of their men, as unfit for tha particular kind of fervice, the regiment are to chang them, and fend unexceptionable men in their room The ic;?/iment v/ill be careful to try the ammu nition iis is delivered to them, that they maybe fur it fits their arms. The maflers of the tranfports are not to be per mitted to ufe the flat-bottom boats, or cutters, fo watering their fhips, or other purpofes ; they ai folely intended for the ufe of the troops. The tools that are to be delivered out of the ar fenal of Louifbourg for the ufe of this army, are t be diflributed to the troops after the arrival of th laff regiment. Eveiy regiment and corps of light infantry are t give in a return to the Adjutant-General of the am munition and flints wanted to compleat them t thirty-fix rounds and three flints /^r man. The commanders of rtgiinents are to make a re port to-morrow morning to the adiPiiral of the con dition of the tranfports : If any are jadged unfit t proceed, or if the men are too much crowded, pro per directions will be given thereupon. It is particularly neceflary for the fervice of th campai^/ii, thdt the regiment be provided with Tcr) ' ^' -^-.j uock of fboes before they fiiil, as any fup plies hvii eafter will be very uncertain. Tiic three Louifbourg companies of grenadiers and the grenadier company of the regiments arrived with the light infantry, companies of the whole, ar to parable to-morrow morning at nine on the hi bet"!jnd the grand battery. When the troops are fitted in their tranfport for the voyage, every regiment and corps mufi: giv in a return of their fiat bottom boats, whale-boats an c 67 :i and cutters, all which are provided by the govern- ment independent of the tranfports boats. The regiments and corps may be provided with fifhing lines and hooks by applying to captain Leflie, afliftant Deputy Quarter-Mafter Genera). A fiibakern officer and ferjeant fhall be left with the fick that are to be taken out of the hofpital (hip and brought into town. Amherft's for this duty. To prevent the fpreading of diflempers in the tranfports, the hofpital fhips will receive every man that may fall ill in the voyage. When the troops receive frefh meat they are not at the fame time to demand fait provifions. As the cutters and whale-boats are meant for the fervice of the army, they are not to be given to any of the men of war, without an order in writing fiom the admiral. Complaint having been made that the tranfports boats are often detained by the officers who come affiore, fo that the maflers of thofe ffiips cannot poffibly get them properly watered, the general in^ fifts upon the officers paying the flriftefl obedience to the orders given by the admiral on that head. The regiments are to fend in a return of all their fpare camp, equipage to the brigade major of the day to-morrow at orderly time. The troops land no more; and the flat-bottom, boats to be hoifl:ed in, that the ffiips may fail at the firfl fignal. Whm three guns are fired from the fainting bat- tery all officers are to repair to their Ihips. The regiments and corps are to fend to-m.orrow, at eight, to the artillery ftore for-tools, in the foi- lo.ying proportion, giving proper receipts. Amherll's C 68 ] Pickaxes Spades Shovels Bellhooks- Amherfl's 50 20 10 10 Bragg's 60 20 10 10 Otway's 80 30 10 10 Kennedy's 70 30 10 10 Lafcelle's 70 30 10 10 Webb's 80 30 10 10 Anflruther's 50 20 10 10 Monckton's 50 20 10 10 Lawrence's 50 20 10 10 Frazier's loo 40 20 20 Grenadiers 50 20 10 10 The ammunition of all the regiments to be im- mediately completed to 36 rounds ready for fervice,. and as much in cafks j fpare ball will be given out hereafter. The re^^iments that want camp nece/Taries will be furniflied by the corps that have it to fpare. The regiments to clear their fea pay and arrears as far as they have money. The admiral nropofes failing the firil: fair wind. . The commanding officers of tranfports are to oblige the mailers (as far as they are able) to keep in their refpedive divifions, and carry fail when the men of war do, that no time may be lofl- by negli- gence or delays ; they are alfo to report to the ad- miral all deficiencies in the (hips, left the mafters fhould negie6f doing it ; and dlvtCc th^t the flat-bot- tomed boats be walhed every day to prevent their leaking. The regiments are to receive provifions for no more than three women per company of 70, and four per company of 100 men. Monckton's, Bragg's, Otway's, Webb's, Ken- nedy's, and Lafcelie's to give a batt-man each for the engineers.. The C 69 ] The following regiments to receive frefli provN fions this afternoon, viz. Otway's at 4 Amherfl's 4I Anflruther's 5 Monck ton's 5^- Lavvrence's 6 The regiments which want camp equipage are to fend to capt. LeQie, Deputy Quarter-Mafter-General, at fix this afternoon, to receive their proportion of what has been given into his care. 'I'he regiments that want tents are to fend to-mor- row morning at fix for 140 each to the Fair Ameri- can tranfport. Frefh provifions will be delivered to-morrow at live to all the corps at RIVER St. Lx*iWRENCE. Such of the tranfports as have fickon board which the commanding officers would chufe to fend in the hofpital (hips, they are to lignify it by hoi ding a flag at the mizen peak. N. B. The hofpital (lilp? are difllnguiHied by a red vane at the foretop-mart-head ; if they are to the windward of the hofpital fliip they are to bear down to her ; if (he is to the windward of them, fhe will bear down. The general has dire(5>ed (though not in publick orders) that no woman be permitted to land with the troops, and that no infulc of any kind be olFered to the inhabitants of the ifland. Each regiment is to have a floop or fmali veffel to carry clofe in lliore their fpare am.munition, bedding, and what light articles the officers may want imme- diately ; their heavy baggage may be left in the tranf- port ffiips. Oa C 70 ] On board the Richmond Frigate. Captain Dean will range the tranfports in proper " order along the dioreot the liie oF Orleans this after- noon: and to-morrow about fix the fignal will be made for landing. The Hoops and fchooners that have rangers on board ^re to draw clofe in iliore ; the lix companies of rangers .-ind captain Cardin s i'ght ii:fantry are to be landed firft, to reconnoitre thv country. The flat bottomed boats only will be employed in landing the men, they are to alTemble at the Leo- floff at four in the morning, and from thence will be fent fn-ll: to the Rangers, ccc, then to Amherft's regiment, then to the other corps according to their rank, or the conveniency of their fitnation. The men are to take thtir knapf cks, tools, camp necelTaries, and one bla.-iket of their fea bedding, be* fides their own blankets, 36 rounds of ammunition, and four days provifion The Rangers and light in- fantry are not to ta;;c thcii' baggage on fhore in the morning ; two days provifions, and a blanket only. As the weather in the months of July and Auguft is generally very warm in Canada, there are to be no more than five men to a tent; or if the command- ing officer likes it better, and has camp equipage enough, he may order only four. Otway's, Webb's, and the highland regiment, who are each in numbers equal to two battalions, are to encamp their company in double rows of tents, that they may have more room and more air in their en- campment, and confequently be healthy. The two pieces of artillery in the Ruffel are to be landed after the troops are on fliore, or fooncr if there be occafion. The officers muft be contented ■with C 71 3 with a very little baggage for a day or two, until it can be convenienily carried to camp. ''I each flat- bottomed boat there will be an offi- ce;! rhc u] n of war and 12 men : and no more huiJ 70 fLudiers are to be landed at a time ; thofe will I.' Ip to row the boats. T\\- provifions for the troops are for the future to be ac tuU allowance. y^, II reports to be made to the brigadier of the day. /♦I detachments of light infantry or companies of Rangers, when pofled in the front, rear, or flank of the fymy, if out of fight, are to acquaint the officer commanding the brigade or corps neareH: to them of their fituation. The dcachment which was under colonel Carle- ton's command is to return their tools and fpare am- munidon immediately to the commanding officer of the artillery. Whenever the regiments fend for flraw or any thing elfe they may want, proper officers muflgo with the men to prevent fuch irregularities as the general faw yefterday, and will be obliged to punifh very feverely. No detachments, either with or without arms, arc to be fent to any diftance from the camp without the knowledge of the brigadier-general of the day. Regiments or detachments, when cantooned, muft always have an alarm-poft or place of affembly. It is ordered once for all, that all are to keep clofe to the encampment, and are not to pafs without the out-guard, or wander through the country in the diforderly manner that has been obferved here. The army muft hold itfelf in conflant readinefs to get under arms, either to march or to fight, at the fliortefl: warning. When the ten companies of grenadiers of the line are colleded as one corps they are to be commanded by colonel Burton, with major Morris to afTiil: him. Th C 72 ] The grenadiers of Louifbourg and major Dallln light infantry are to receive their orders from col nel Carleton ; this laft corps, two companies of Ra gers, the Quarter-mafler's and camp colour-men the army, and a hatchet-man, with a felling ax, each regiment are to affemble at major Dalling's can tonmeiit at 12 to-morrow, in readinefsto march ua der colonel Carleton's command ; captain Debbei Engineer, is to go with this detachment. Major Scott is immediately to order a company o Rangers to take charge of the cattle for the ufe o£- the army. All feamen found ftraggling from the beach up the country are to be taken up and fent prifoners to the cantonment guard at head quarters. Four days provifions will be landed this day for the troops ; the Rangers will receive for fix. All detachments and out-guards that are placed for the fecurity of the camp are to fortify themfelves in the beft manner they can, either by intrenching, planting palifadoes, or by cutting down trees, and making a breafl-woijk of the trunks, with the branches thrown forwards ; in this fituation a fmall party will be able to defend itfelf till fuccour arrives, or at leaft will give time for the troops to get un- der arms. No centries are ever to be placed within point blank mufket fhot of a wood, unlefs behind ftones or trees fo as not to be feen. in a woody country detachments muft never halt or encamp in the little openings in the woods, nor ever pais through them without examining the fkirts with all imaginable care and precaution. Next to va- lour the beft qualities in a military man are vigilance and caution. If the provifions can be landed and the carts brought up^ the army will march tomorrow by the left C 73 3 left by files In one column, and in the order in which they fhouid have encamped- The general beats at four, the affembly at five, and the army marches at fix. Colonel Howe's corps of infontry with the quarter- inaftcrs and camp colour-men is to precede ihe m^.rch of the army two hours, and poll detachments in all ihe fufpefted places of the road to prevent tl^e co- kimn's being fired at from behind the trees by raf- ciis who dare not fiiew themfclves. When captain Herring's company of rangers, which is appointed to guard the cattle and clofe the march of the army, have pafied the neareft of co- lonel Howe's detachment, that detachment and the reft, as they go along fall in behind the rangers and btrcome a rear-guard, the carts of every rcgimenn are to follow their refpeflive corps, There muft be no firing of muflvctis, but in a fol- dicr-hke manner, by order of the commander of the corps, in the middle of the day. Major Scott will give direflions to tlie body of rangers upon this head ; becaufe this practice is more common among them : as the tnufkets are To foon loaded on any alarm, the regiments are to avoid the wafieof ammunition, and frequent mifchief that happens by their being loaded in the bell-tents ; cafes for the hammers of the mu/lcets muil: be pro- vided, that the arms may not go ofFand do harm. The firfl foldier that is taken beyond th^ out- guards, either in the front, flank, or rear of the army, contrary to the moft pofitive orders, Aiall be tried by a general court-martial. Any foldier who is found with plundei* in his tent, or returning to the army with plunder of any kind, not taken by order, fliall be lent to the pro- voit in irons, in order to be tried for his life. An inclofed place being neccjTary near the camp for the fecurity of the cattle of the army, tlie fo'- 'H ^ dic;s [ 74 ] ^ dlers are forbid to break down any fence for fire- I AvooJ or other purpofes where the cattle are fhut in. Thofe regiments who have not been able to find (he Hoops or fmall vefiels allotted to them for their light baggage, are to take the fmallefl of their own tranfports for that purpofe ; orders to that efFe(51: have been given by the admiral. i The officer who commanded the detachment of I Kennedy's regiment upon the water-fide, and left I h\s poft without orders, in circum fiances where the prefence of fuch a detachment might have been par- ticularly ufeful, and by falling with the out-pofis, before the leafl previous notice, occafioned a falfc i^larm in the camp, is put under an arrefl, and will be tried by a court-martial as foon as it can be con- veniently afiembled. Brigadier Townfhend's brigade, and Anflruther's regiment, to march to-morrow ; colonel Flowe, with 1 the light infantry of the whole line, as now en- camped, is to precede the march of the brigade as dire^led yefterday, and at the fame hour. Colonel Howe, in polling the nccefiary detach- 1-neRts on his march, will place the light infantry of . Otway's and Lawrence's nearefl to their own camp, drawing off their feveral detachments as they pafs. Otway's and Lawrence's regiments are to hold themfelves in readinefs to embark when ordered. « Bragg's, Lafcelles's, and Lawrence's regiments are to receive provifions this afternoon to the 4th cf July. The regiments are not to fend for flraw but with a proper party with arms. A party of thirty men and a fub-officer from the line to parade in the front of colonel Murray's gre- nadiers to efcort ihe men the regiment fend for ftraw ; captain Chaldwell will fend a guide to fliew them die proper place. Anllruther's give the officer. The C 75 1 The men are not to flrnggle from their regiments on any pretence whatfoevcr. If any regiments find it necefTary for the prefcn" to fix pofls for the fecnrity of their camp, th^ey are to fix them till further orders. The polls to be or-^ dcred to take up all Aragglrrs. Thofe regiments that have baggage behind are defired to fend detachments for it : an officer of the line to command the whole. This detachment to ilffemble in the front of Anfuriither's regiment. The commanding ofHcers of corps will be able tcv judge the number of men neceiTary, as they fiiould know by this time what quantity of baggage is be- hind belonging to their feveral corps. Three hundred pioneers from ;he lir:c only to pa- rade in the road behind Bragg's regiment to-mcr- row morning at fix ; an engineer v/ill direct them.. They are to bring then- tools, and are to be relieved by their refpedive regiments every four hours. Three captains and fix iubal terns for this dut}« General's guard to-morrovv% one fubaltern, two ferjeants, two corporals, and forty private, Lafcelks. POINT ORLEANS. Parole counterfign field-officer of the piquet, adjutant to-morrow. July 2. 1759. — A ferjeant and fifteen men from each regiment in camp to parade at the magazine, to receive orders from an officer of artillery , and remain with that corps. Each regiment to fend this evening to head quar- ters a lift of five good fafcine makers, if they have fuch. H 2 All r 76 1 All the birch canoes that may be found, are to be taken care oF and carried to general Towr:fhend's ijuarrers. The regiments and corps will receive provifions to-morrow to the 8th incluflve. Otway's, Anfiru- titer's, three companies of grenadiers, rangers, ar- li'liery, carpenters, at iix in the morning ; Bragg's, Ivlonckton's, and LafceJles's, at four in the after- noon. Magazine guard, one captain, two fubalterns, nnd fifty men, to parade at eight, in the rear of Biapg'3. "\¥hc.n rum is to be IfTued out to the troops on «cccuut c;f the badnefs of the weather, or their having fuficred extraordinary fatrgues, any foldier who is knov»'n to have difpofed of his allowance to another, or any one who will make any agreement on receiving fuch allowance, fliall, by oi'der of the • omtnanding ofTicer of the regiment, be lliuck in- t-.:c!v out of ti>e roll when rum is deli\ered out, |- n.'cj ihe punifl^nient that may be infiicled for \v,q\\ olRncc by a court-martial. Tl,e commanding ofliLers of regiments are to en- qnii e in their refpecli\ e regiments for fome ferjeant who \i G'lnlified for a provoft, and fend his name iind chu aricr to the adji^tant general. IF any of the j atrolcs from the out pofls fliould pci c'-ive any boat or ca:^.oe, newly brought from the otlicr ii;ie, or hid near the fhoie, in fuch a manner that gives room to think the enemy is lurking in the woods, or intends It as a retreat, they are im- meuiately to give notice thereof to the officer of the next poll, who is immediately to drefs a proper am- bnfcade for them, and report the fame to the field officer of the picquet. Brigadier general Townffiend's brigade to be ready to irnbark at a very ffiort warning ; their tents to be left Handing with a proper guard. The C 77 3 The line Is never to turn out but when ordered ; the quarter and other guards, and out-pofls, to- turn out to the commander in chief only, with fhouldered arms, and but once a day ; they are to pafs the ufual compliments to the brigadier generals. The futler who was drummed along the line this day for keeping a diforderly tent, and infultiiig an ©fficer in the execution of his duty, is not to be per- mitted to return, but ir found in camp is to be fcnt to the provofl, and there kept in irons. Monthly returns to the 24th of June to be fent in- to the adjutant general as foon as pofTible, ORDERS and REGULATIONS. The objevfb of the campaign is to compleat the conqueft of Canada, and to finifli the war in Ame- rica; the army under the commander in chief will enter into the colony on the fide of Montreal, while the fleet and army attack the governor general and his forces. Great fufficiency of provifions, and a numerous- artillery is provided, and from the known valour of the troops the nation experts fuccefs. Thefe bat- talions have acquired reputation the laft campaign,, and it is not doubted but they will be careful to preserve it; from this confidence, the general has> affured the fecretary of llaie in his letters, that whatever may be the event of this campaign, his majefty and the country will have reafon to be fa» tisfied with the array under his command. The general means to carry the bufinefs through with as little lofs as oolTible, and with the highell regard to the fafety and prcfervation of the troops : to that end he expects that the men w^crk chear- fully and diligently, without the leaft unfoldier-jike- H 3 murmur- C 78 ] murmur or complaint, and that his few but necef- fary orders diould be flrictly obeyed. The general propofes tortifying his camp in fuch A manner as to put it intirely out of the enemy's power to attempt any thing by furprize, and that the troops may reft in fecurity after their fatigues. As the fafety of an army depends in a great mea- fure upon the vigilance of the out-pofls, any officer or nor.-comxmiflioned (>fRcer who ihall fufFer himfelf to be furprized, muft not expeft to be forgiven. When any alarm is given, or when the enemy is perceived to be in motion, and that it be neceHary to put the troops under arms, it is to be done with- oi'tt noife or confufion. The brigades are to be ranged in order of battle by the brigadier generals at the head of the camp, in rcadinei's to obey the orders they (liall receive. Falfe alarm.s are hurtful to an army, and dif- "^honoui able to thofe that occafion them ; the out- polb are to be fare the enemy is in motion, before 'ihey fend their intelligence. Soldiers are not to go beyond the out- guards, the advanced ceniinels will fire upon thole who attempt to pafs beyond the pro- per bounds. It may be proper to apprize the corps, that the general may peihaps think it necelTary to order fome of the light troops to retire before the enemy at times, fo as to draw them nearer the aimy, v/i^h a view either to engage them to fight at a difadvan- taize, or to cut off their retreat. The light infantry of this army are to have their bayonets, as the want of ammunition may at fome times be fupphed by that weapon, and bccauie no man {honld leave his poll, under pretence that all his cartridges were fired. In mofl attacks of the night it muii be remem- bered that bayonets arc preferable to fire. That r 79 1 That the fervke of the campaign may be fall ns equal as poffible upon the whole, the corps fhail da duty for their feveral flrengths ; no changes fhall be made in the firff regulations, unlefs any particular lofs fhould make it necelfary. All cattle or provifions taken by any detachment of the army is to be delivered inio the public maga- zines of the army, for the ufe and benefit of the whole. M'Weir the commifTary will give receipts for it. No churches, houfes, or buildings of any kind are to be burnt or deftroyed without orders. The peafants that remain in their habitations, their women and children, arc to be treated with humanity; if any violence is offered to a woman, the offender fliall be puniilied Vvith death. If perfons are detected in robbing the tents of the ofncers or fullers, they will be (if condemned) cer- tainly executed. The commanders of regiments are anfwerable that no rurn or fpirits of any kind be {an> ner, to the commanders of corps to have their camps kept fweet and clean : flritl inquiry to be made ia this camp, at the Point of Orleans, and the Point of Levi, concerning the condu(fl of the fu tiers, and followers of the army ; any who are known to fell liquors that intoxicate the men, are to be forthwith difmifFed, and fent aboard a fhip. The regiments are not to call in their working parties this evening, but are to exert themfelves in finifhing the bufmefs of this poft, that further ope- rations may may take place. The marines to work as ufual till they receive or- ders to the contrary. AFTER ORDERS. Two hundred men of the Royal American batta? lion, with their blankets, and two days provifion? ready drelTed, to be in readinefs below the Cove at eight in the morning, to em.bark in four flat-bottom boats; this detachment is intended to reinforce the company of grenadiers, if there (hould be occafion : the boa's are to row up with the flood, but out of camion [hot, till they areoppofite the upper redoubt, when ihey mui\ reft upon their arms, and. wait for further orders. Andruiher's regiment, the light infantry, and rangers, cse to march at nine, under colonel Howe's command, about a mile into the woods, towards the ford where the Canadians and Indians are encamped ; this body iv.uCi fkirt about within the wood from the camp of the light infantry to the road, but fo as juil ro be feea from the oppofite fide of the river by the enemy. As major Hufley's corps will have becQ up moil part of the night, they are to be left to gu«ird tlis^ camp of the light infautry : colonel Hov.e C 91 ] •will lengthen his line of march, fo as to appear nu- merous ; the remaining battalion will get under arms when the water begins to ebb, in readinfs to crofs the ford, if there (liould be abfolute necelTity for fo doing ; in the mean time they will continue their work with all poffible diligence and alTiduity. — If fliips can be brought near enough to operate, and the wind is fair, an attack will be made upon one of the enemy's moft detached works, in aid of which attack the artillery from hence mud be em* ployed. Brigadier general Townfliend will be pleaf- ed to give fuch dire6lions as he thinks mofl for fer- vice upon this head. In general the cannon can't be fired, nor even be brought up to fire, till it is vifible that the attack will be made. If the day is over hot, and no wind, this opera- tion can't take place. If the battalions fliould march, colonel Howe muft return to his camp in the mofl fecret manner^ The marines muft be brought into the two redoubts where Lafcelles's regiment takes poft ; the remaining part of the Americans into the great redoubt, Hef- fen's company into the fortified houfe ; Anflruther's and the light infantry will be ready to join the army. When captain Cowart's detachment is not wanted by the artillery, forty of his men are to be put into the little redoubt near his camp, the refl. into the great redoubt on the hill. Major Guilliarn is appointed to acl as aid-de- camp to the commander in chief till further orders. The check which the grenadiers met with yefler- dny will, i,t is hoped, be a lefTon to them for the future. They ought to know that fuch impetuous, irregular, and unfoldier-like proceeding deflroys all ordei*, and makes it impolTible for the commander to form any difpofition for an attack, and puts it om C 92 J out of the general's power to execute his plan. The grenadier's could not fuppofe that they alone could beat the French army, and therefore it was neceffary that the corps under brigadiers Monckton and Townfliend fnould have time to join, that the attack might be general. The very fire of the enemy was fufficient to repulfe m.en who had loA all fenfe of order and military difcipline. Amherft's and the Highland regiment alone, by the foldier- like and cool manner in which they formed, would undoubtedly have beat back the whole Canadian army, if they had ventured to attack them : the lofs however is inconfiderable; and may, if the men jfhew a proper attention to their officers, be eafily repaired when a favourable opportunity offers. The grenadiers of Louilbourg are to remain in the Ifle of Orleans till further orders ; iieucenant- colonel Murray is to command in that ifland. The companies of grenadiers, of the battalion in camp at Mdntmorenci, are to join their rcfps^t'iVQ regiments ; and thofe belonging to general Monck- ton's corps r;re likewife to join their regiments ; the Highlanders are to go over to their camp at MojU- morenci. M O N T M O R E N C I. Aug. 2. — Every regim.ent and corps is to fend a return to the adjutant general the day after to-mcr- row of their officers, non-commiilioned officers, and private men killed or wounded this campaign, fpe- cifying, as they can befl, the day or night and place where it happened, and upon what occafion. For the future reports of any lofs are to be made as fooii. as polTible, and the occafion fpecified. Aug. 3. — As the general has provided good ftore- of rum for the men, half a gill may be delivered 2 out c 93 : out regularly every day ; and when the weather Is wet and cold, or when the men are much fatigued with work or duty, a gill maybe delivered. The ground within the three redoubts, in the front of the line of battle, is to be kept as clear as poiTible from huts and other obftacles that might hinder the movement of the troops. All the horfes already collefled, or that may here- after be driven in by our parties, are to be taken to the Ifle of Orleans, and turned out to graze in the meadows. Aug. 4. — The fix companies of grenadiers to be under arms at fix this afternoon in the front of the camp ; the two companies of marines to be out at exercife as often as they conveniently can, and near their refpective pofts. \¥hen a deferter comes in from the enemy, the officer commanding the guard or pofl who takes him up, is immediatly to fend him to head quarters, and not permit him to be examined, or any quef- tions afl who has brigadier Mur- ray under him. One hundred of the light infantry, lender major HufTey's command, from on board the SuthcrlaridB to be put in each of the armed vefieis when bi igadier Monckton's corps moves. It is intended that the Hun':er Sloop, tlie Armed Sloop, the Artillery Sioop, and theiioating batteries, fliould accompany the (iat-botfom boats u l:en they have the troops on board. The troops ordered for the firfl: embarkation to take two days provifion on board immediately. At Anchor off CAPE ROUGE, Sept. 8.— The Lovell tranfport, with the Royal American battalion of Lawrence's on board, and the Edward and Mary, with the light infantry, are to proceed with the tide, under convoy of the Hunter Sloop, and come to an anchor oppofitc Point an Tremble ; the long boats, with twelve pounders on. board, to go with thefe vefTels, and enable the com- manding officer to put on an appearance of intend- ing to land at that point. The commander will re- ceive further inftrudions from the general. The five battalions are to embark in the flat-bot- tom boats, fo as to be in readinefs to put off with the firft of the morning flood ; and captain Chads will be fo good as to conducfl them fo as to arrive at the landing place an hour and half before high water. K 2 If C 100 3 rf the floating batterries cannot keep up witK the flat-bottom boats, captain Chads will order fome of the heft rowing boats to take them in tow. When colonel Young perceives that brigadier Monck ton's corps is landed, he will fall down op- pofite the place, fo that his corps and the light in- fantry may be put on fliore at low water if it can be , done. The Ann and Elizabeth, with Bragg's regiment onboard, and the Howard, with Lafceiles's, are to fall down after the flat-bottom boats, and anchor oppofite the landing place, fo that the flat-bottonv boats may endeavour to land them the fame tide, or, if that cannot be done, at low water. The debark- ation of thefe troops, and thofe under colonel Young,, is to be dire(51:ed by Brigadier General Tow^nfliend. The refl of the troops will fall down next flood. The king's commiffaries are on board the Em- ployment tranfport, which has proviflons on board. CAPE ROUGE. I 1 Sept. 9. — As the weather is fo bad that no mill**' tary operation can take place, and as the men are ex- cellively crowded in the tranfports, and in the men-^ of war, fo as to endanger their health ; it is or- dered, that the undermentioned troops be landed' at the miil upon the fouth fliore, and that they are cantoned in the village and church of St. Nicholas, in readinefs to embark at the firfl: flgnal. The flg-. nal to march and embark by day, will be two guns] fired and tv^^o flow, from the Sutherland. The flgnal by night, will be lights at the main top- gallant mafl:-head of the fame fliip, and two guns. The Louilbourg grenadiers from the — (hip; from the Adventure tranfport, of Otway's, 250; from the tranfport, of Anflruther's, 200 ; fronii. the fame tranfport, of the Highlanders, loo ; from the Ward tranfport of Lafcelles's, i6o, D°. High- landers, ICQ ; from the Ann and Elizabeth, of Bragg's, 1 60, of the Highlanders, 100; from the Sutherland man of war, AmherlVs grenadiers, 50 ; from the LeoftofF man of war 200 of Amherft's ; total 1520 — Brigadier Monckton takes the command of thefe troops, and Brigadier Murray is alfo for this duty. The troops afloat to report to Brigadier General Townftiend. SUTHERLAND. Sept. II. — The troops aQiore (except the light Infantry and Americans) are to be upon the beach to-morrow morning at five, in readinefs to embark ; the light infantry and Americans will embark about eight. The detachments of artillery to be put on board' the armed Hoops this day. The troops to hold themfelves in readinefs to land and attack the enemy. As the LeoftofF and Squirrel frigates are ordered to follow the flat-bottom boats, the tvoo^s belong- ing to thefe fliips are to remain on board, and the boats intended for thefe corps are to take in others, according to the following diflribudon. Boats. Stirling Caflle 2 C To take 50 each of Brngg's, ont Dublin — 3 ^ of the Ann and Elizabeth in- Alcide — — flead of Amherrt ?. r> 1 , CTo take Kennedy's from Em- PembroKe — 4 , ^ / ^ pioyment tranlporr. •r-r 1 C To take colonel Hnve's corr/S vanguard — 4\ c . ■ c r 1 a 'rr- .? , < or Jiantmrantry riom theAnn Trident 4 ) ^ ^ and Mary . K 3 Centurloa r 102 ] 1 Centurion — 2 ^ To take Anftruther's from the Shrewlbury — 4 ^ George. r To takeLafcelles's in five boats Medway — 2) the Ward and to take ^^.^^^ < Amherit s and the American ^^^^ ^ / grenadiers from the Suther- t land. There remains to be taken into the boats of the fleet ; 200 Highlanders, of which captain Leflie's fchooner takes 50 from the Ann and Elizabeth ; the remaining 150 Highlanders in the Ward tranfport; will be taken in the following boats : The Siuherland's long-boat 40 ; the Alcide 40, Medway 40, and the Sutherland's cutter 15; the next Ihips carry troops immediately after the flat- bottom boats J LeoflofF — Squirrel Race Horfe — Three armed velTels J.ovd ^i-anfport — 300 Amherfl's, 240 Louiibourg grenadiers, 250 Highlanders, 200 Light infantry, 400 Royal Americans, 400 Otway's. Total 1 910. The ordnance veflel with tools and artillery men. One Ijiiiulred and fifty Highlanders to be removed fi om il.c ( k orQ;e tranfport into the Sea Horfe fri- [^ate, ICO [ ;i;;hianders to be removed from the Ann and EiizabiCth to the Sea Horfe frigate to-morrow tvcning, after the re-imbarkation of brigadier Monck- ton's corps. No oF Boats. r 8 Light infantry, Or.ltr of IVoops \ 6 Bragg's, in thj l;n" of < 4 Kennedy's, B'.-ds, I 5 Lafcelles's, i 6 Anilriuhsr's One I 1^3 1 One' flat-bottom boat, and the boats of the fleet, ro take tlie detachment of Highlanders and Ameri- can grenadiers. Captain Chads has received the general's inftruc- tions in refpecl to the order in which the troops are to move and land in : no officer mufi: attempt to make the leafl alteration, or interfere with captain Chad's particular province, leafl: (as the boats move in the night) there be confufion and diforder amongft them. The troops will go into their boats to-morrow night about nine, or when it is pretty near high- water ; but the navy officers, commanding the dif- ferent divifions of boats, will approve of the fittefl: time; and as there will be a neceffity of remaining fome part of the night in the boats, the officers will provide accordingly, aad the foldiera fliall have a gill of rum extraordinary to mix with their water. Arms, am.munition, and two days provifions is all the foldiers are to take into the boats : the fliips, with the blankets, tents, neceflliries, &c. will foon be up. SIGNALS. ifl:. For the flat-bottom boats, with the troops oa board, to rendezvous abreafl: the Sutherland, be- tween her and the fouth fhore, keeping near her ; is, one light in the Sutherland's main-top-mafl: flirowds. 2d. When they go away from the Sutherland flis will fliew two lights in the main-top-maft fhrowds, one over the other. The men are to be quite flient, and when they are about to land, mufl: not upon any account Are out of the boats. The officers of the navy are not to be interrupted in their pa.-t of the duty. They v/ill [ 104 ] ' 1 Vill receive their orders from the officer appointed tc fuperintend the whole, to whom they are anfwerable. , Officers of artillery, and detachments of gunners,^ are put on board the armed floops to regulate their fire, that in the hurry our own troops may not be hurt by our artillery. Captain Yorke and the offi- cers will be particularly careful to diftinguifli the enemy, and to point their fire againfi: them. The frigates will not fire till broad day -light, fo that no miftake can be made. The officers commanding floating batteries will receive particular orders from the general. The troops will be fupplied to-morrow to the fourteenth. Sutherland, at Anchor ofF St. Nicholas. Sept. 12. — The enemy's forces are now divided, great fcarcity of provifions in their camp, and uni- ' verfal difcontent among the Canadians ; the fecond officer in command is gone to Montreal or St. John's,, which gives reafon to think that general Am her ft is advancing into that colony : a vigorous blow flruck by the army at this jun(fl:ure may determine the fate of Canada : our troops belov/ are ready to join u^ ; all the light artillery and tools are embark-'' cd at the Point of Levi, and the troops will land where the enemy feems leaft to expert ir. The firfl: body that gets affiore is to march dl- re a 5- o .ight j refs f March obliquely and Drefs ' To the Right about Center Colu7?tnshy Files. N°. 6. Battalion •\ Wings K From ycur Center advance hy G. Dizijions. 3 Files. Turn to the Center, P. 7. March out to tlie Front. Fonn the Battalion, Turn to your P rone To the Right and Left wheel by Pla- toons March obliquely and Drefs Turn to your Front -j To the Right and Left wheel [2d. Method by G. Divi(icn5 3 p Bat- { Wings G. Divifio'ris 8 ) 7- 1 By your Flanks retire by Files in f Column ift.Mtfihod Method. Turn from your Center outwards Counter-March by Files, F. 8. March out to the Rear in Columns Form the Battalion. Turn to your Front To the Right and Left wheel by Platoons, P, 8. March obliquely and Drefs Turn to your Front -| To the Right and Left wheel >2d by Wings or Grand Divifions N°. 8. 'Grand Divifions form a fclid Column advancing by Files. Turn to the Center of the Battalion. March out to the F'ront, P. 9. Incline to the Center. -Drefs in Front. Form the Battalion, Torn to vour F^ront Regain your proper diftance P9'-^ To the Right and Left wheel March obliquely and Drefs v^ ift. Meth. Turn 1 ( 9 ) Turn fo your Front Regain your proper diftance Method. To the Right and Left wheel by Grand Divifions 9. Grand Dhi/Jons form a folid Column retiring hy Files. I Turn from the Center of the Batt, outwards. March out to the Rear u Incline to the Center, P. 9. ' Drefs in Front. Forra the Battalion, Turn to your Front. Regain your proper diftance. To the Right and Left wheel. March obliquely and Drefs. Center Columns by Platoons and S . D. N°. 10. Battalion 7 By Platoons advancing form Column;, fVings i fro?n your Center, Center Platoons * march out to the Front: Platoons march obliquely and Drefs, P. lO, Form the Batiailion, Leading Platoons Halt, or march (low Platoons March obliquely and Drefs p 10 N\ II. Battalion ^ By Platoons retiring form Columns hy fVi7igs J your Flanks, Battalion to the Right about. B Flank ( to ) Flank Platoons march obliquely to the Cen- ter, P. II. Platoons cover and Drefs, P. 1 1 . r j Form the Battalion, ' Battalion to the Right about. Platoons march obliquely to the Front and Drefs, P. II. No. 12. Battalion j By Sub Divifions advancing form Co- PFings \ lumns from your Center. Center Sub Divifions march out to the Front, P. 12. Sub Divifions march obliquely and cover. Form the Battalion, Leading Sub Divifions halt, or march flov/. Sub Divifions march obliquely and Drefs, P. 12. No. 13. Battalion ? By Sub Divifions retiring form Column JVings J from your Flanks, Battalion to the Right about. Flank Sub Divifions march obliquely to the Center, as P. 1 1. Sub Divifions cover and drefs, as P. ii. Form the Battalion, Battalion to the Right about. March obliquely to the Front and Drefs, as P. II. Marih- ( II ) Marching in Line alternately. No. 14; ^'he Battalion to retire by Sub Divifions olternately. Right Hand Sub Divifions fire from Right ind Left and retire 100 Paces. Left Hand Sub Divifions fire from Ri^ht md Left and retire 200 Paces thro' the Interval. Fcrra the Battalion, When the Right or Left Hand S. D. have fired they retire, halt in the Intervals and come to the Right about. Doubling by Platoons Sub and Grand Divifions. No. 15. [Platoons -| ^^5. Bivift9ns y March obliquely to the Right ^G. Divifions i and Cover. Form the Battalion. Platoons ^ S. Divi/ions Y March obliquely to the Left ^ Drefs. G. Divifions^ Forming the Square, No. 16. BattaUon form the Square advancing from the Center. (The Two) Center Companies march out to the Front. Wings turn to the Center, as P. 13. B 2 March If r 12 > March out to the Front by Files. (The Two) Rear Cbinpanics turn to your Rear. To the Right and Left wheel rnwards, 2. i. Battalion turn to the Front. Perm the Battalion. Leading Companies halt or march flow. Companies to the Right and Left wheel, P 1 3, March obliquely and Drefs. No. 17. % Battalion form the Square retiring from the Center. Battalion to the Right about, P. 14. March. Center Companies halt and Front. Wings wheel inv/ards, or Sub Divifions to the Right and Left wheel, rti^rch obliquely and form the Flanks. Rear Companies to the Right and Left wheel inwards — i — 2. Form the Battalion, As No. 16. P. 13. only Rear Companies halt* Forming the Oblong. No. 13. Battalion forra the X)blong advancing from the Center. Center Platoons march out to the Front,P 13, Wings turn co the Center. March ( 13 > March out to the Front by Files. Rear Platoons turn to your Rear, i 2, Wheel inwards, 12. / Battalion turn to the Front. Form the Battalion, As defcribed No. 16, P, 13. No. IQ. Battalion form the Oblong retiring from the Center, Battalion to the Right about. March. (The Two) Center Companies halt and Front P 14. "Wings wheel inwards, or rather Sub Divifions to the Right and Left wheel. March obliquely and form the Flanks of the Oblong. Rear Companies wheel inwards, i 2. Form the Battalion. Rear Company Halt. The Reft performed as No, 16. P 13^ No. 20. The Battalion marching by Files. Battalion^ upon the march form the Oblong. Leading SubDivifion to the Right wheel Right Hand S. D. in marching by Files, in- cline to the Right, and Left Hand S. D. to the Left, Clofe your Diftances, P. 15. Rear ( 14 ) Rear Sab Divifion turn to your right, to the left wheel, and clofe to the oblong, i. Form the B at t alien. Front and Rear Sub DiviQons halt, the others wheel to the right. Sub Divifions, to the Left march obliquely and drefs. N. B. when the Battalion marches by Com- panies at halfdiilances the above is done quickly the common way pradliced by all Regiments, Forrning two Deep. No. 21. BattalwHy Form two deep. This is endrcly performed by the Rear Rank, which is told off as for performing the manuel exercife into P'ront and Rear half files. The Man told off Front moves up into the front rank, leaving his file leader upon his left hand, and the man told off Rear follows him and takes place in the center rank. P. 17 fig. 2d Battalion form three deep. The Rear rank men ftep back, incline to the Left and cover their file leaders. N. B. In Country where three men can't march abreft, all the foregoing manoeuvres may be perform'd, by firfl forming two deep as above. RE- ( 15 ) REMARKS. MANY of thefe Manoeuvres may be altered a little upon Occafion ; for inftance, by No 7. a B.uralion retires by Files in Column, and is entirely pafled the Defilee, before it is ordered to form, and then they wheel to the Right and Left, and march obliquely j but if it is nccc-fTary to line a Ravin, 6i:c. at the Defilee, farther than which, one does not chufe to re- reat ; then the two firft Platoons that pafs, march to the Right and Left, leaving Room between them for the Battalion to form, and as foon as they have got to their proper Diftance, they line the Defence, and endeavour to keep up a crofs fire to protect that Part of the Batta- lion, nor then pafied. U would be abfurd to fix Places in thefe Ma- nceuvres for the Grenadier Company, as its Place when with the Battalion (v/hich feldom happens) muft be regulated by the comm.anding Officer's private Order, according to the fitm- tion ot the Ground j for Inftance in Plate 7. A Battalion pafles two Bridges, and if near the Right Hand one, on the other fide the River, there is an old Caftle : The Grenadier Company ought to pafs the Right Hand Bridge, drive the Enemy from the Caftle, and tnke Pofi^effion of it, by which they protecl one Flank. I ( i6 ) I fliall not here enter into the Ufes of thefe Manoeuvres, as that would obHge me to aug- ment their number. As the Principles of them are laid down and Examples enough given-, every Officer may invent new ones, to anfwer the Situation he is in with his Battalion. I Ihall conclude this Eflay by adding two more upon Retreats, from a larger Treatife now in Hands. RETREATS. " And the Battalion of Grenadiers maka " the Rear Guard, marching by its right." iV. B. The Battalion marches to its Right by Files. *Turn to your Rear, ( or Right ) P, 16. and *Id the Left wheel by Platoons. March— C. P. 16. T 0 the Right form the Battalion, Battalion turn to dic Right about— -c Platoons inarch obliquely to the Right and Drefs— D. It happens fometimes that a Battalion is at- tacked upon its Flank, in which Cafe the fol- lowing Orders muft be given, for Inflance, if your Enemy are approaching the left Flank, Battalion to the Left change your Front, Battalion to the Left wheel by Sub Divi- fions, P, if\ *'To ( I? ) To the Left march obliquely and Drefs.'* if the Enemy is fo near as to prevent the /lanccuvre being finiQied, then the firft Sub )ivirion fires and retires to i — the fecond halts, ires and retires to 2 — the third halts till the Lnemy approaches nearer, and fires and retires Tiie others obferve the fame Order, and the aft likewife halting as long as pofTible, to give :he others Time to load again and form the Line, and then it fires and retires to 8. Memorandum. BY turn to the Rear it is always meant that the Rear Rank fhould then have at its Back the Center, and Front, and by turn to the Front, vice verfa, for inftance, a Battalion marching by Files to its Right, is ordered to turn to its Rear, the Rear Rank then becomes a Front, as P. 16. B. And dees not turn to the Right about towards the Rear of the Battalion. In No. 4. Thefe Orders are given, " Right Hand PlatoopxS march out to the Front.' " Platoons march obliquely to the Right and Cover. Both rhefe orders are executing at the fame Time, therefore the laft of them is only addref- to th." rcmainins; Platoons ; this is to be remem- C bered ( i8 ) bered in all the Explanations becaufe ever) Part of the Battalion muft be moving at the fame Inftant, and therefore it never will Manoeuvre well till the Explanations are laid afide. anc nothing heard in the Field but the fingle Ordei printed in Italics, and then the word halt, vn^dc Ufe of in the Explanations will be no more necefiTaiy, in place of which, part of the Battalion will march flow till the reft are come into their proper Place. Wherever there is a ift and 2d method here mention'd the firft is fuperior to the fecond, as for example, in No. 5 the 2d method is per- formed with their backs to the enemy and re- tiring from them in the very adlof forming,which is contrary to the 4th principle : It may be al-i iegcd that it is fo performed, by the 20th and 53d. who pradice Wolfe's Manoeuvres, and that it is neceffary they fiiou'd do fo when they are not to gain ground the right or left, but if the four columns will incline bnt a little to the right in marchingthey neither will have gained ground to the right nor left when ordered by the ill method to form again. To dillinguilii the front from the rear, it is coloured with black yellow &c. According to the ditfercnt pofitions ; the way the Platoon march is dotted, at leaft one wing or grand di* vifion is the 01 hers fometimts are not, as what- ever is performed by one wing &c- is likeways ])crformed by thco:hers fo need not be thus marked. Words ( 19 5 /^ords of Command for the Manoeuvres, deli- niated in the following Copper-plates, 21 Manoeuvres. I P. I. GRAND Divifions by the Right advance by Files, and form Columns of Single lanks. 2 P. I and 2. Wings 1 by the Right advance by G. I)ivirions J Files. 3 P- 4 Wings by the Right retire by 3. Divifions } Files. 4P.5 Wings I form Columns advancing 3. Divifions j from the Rt. by Platoons. 5 P. 6 Wings form Columns retiring from the a. D. i Right by Platoons^- Battalion ^ 6 P. 7 Wings ).From your Center advance by S DivifionsJ Files Battalion -| 7 P 8 Wings yBy your Flan^is retire by Files in G Divifions J Column 8 P 9 G Divifions, form a folid Column advancing by Files. 9 P 9 G Divifions, form a folid Column retiring by Files. loPio Battalion! By Platoons advancing, form Co- Wings J lumns from your Center. iiPii Battalion! By Platoons retiring, form Columns Wings ^ from vour Flanks C 2 ( 20 ) 12 P 12 Battalion ^ By Sub Divlfions advancing, forrr Wings \ Columns from your Center Battalion T By Sub Divifions retiring form Co- Wings j lumns from your Flanks 14 Battalion, retire by Sub Divifions alternately. ^Platoons -| 15 S Divifions March obliquely to the Righ|; ^ LGDivifions-J and Cover 16 P13 Battalion, form the Square, advancing from the Center 17 P 14 Battalion, form the Square retiring from th^ Center 18P13 Battalion, form the Oblong, advancing from the Center 19 P14 Battalion fomi the Oblong, retiring from the Center 20 P 15 Battalion, upon the march, form the Oblong 21 P 17 fig 2d Battalion, form Two deep. N. B. Notwithftandincr tl^at the word Halt is employed in the before mentioned E.^planations, yet the Manoeuvres will be betrer performed if the Battalion continues moving, cfpecially where oblique marching is required to Form. In forming the oblong retirino;, it will be better to wheel by platoons, than by Sub Divifions. ^ ' In place of wheeling upon the center: Left wing, to the right about. Sub Divifions to the left wheel. March ob- liquely and drefs. Left wing to the right about. E X- EXP L Y N • In the firft Coli\nn m ^ny number, exampJ Platoons mark 12 an( that 24 Files makes of 16 Platoons 8 of divifions 8 of 3, i^hid anfwer in Platoon^ and others the fame. T I O N. ked Files look for lies fecond and third, , you fee by infped^ioa laroonsof 2 Men each, nd of 8 of i__of Sub- makes the 24 Files ub divifions j in all N I S. BOOKS Printed for J. M I L L A N, near JVhite-halL 1 "T^Rior's Poftbumous works, 2 vol. 8vo los. 2 Orchopoediaj or Defirmities of Children, 2 vol. i2mo. 6s. 3 Manual Exercife with Explanations, as Ordered by his Majefty, is. 4 Sheldrake's Herbal, on above 100 large folio Cop- per-plates, drawn ia the moft maiterly Manner from the Originals v/hen in their highsll: Perfec- tion. 5 Sheldrake on heat and cold for Green-Houfes, is. 6 Palladio finely Engraved by Ware, 7s. 6d. 7 Hill's Hiftory of the Royal Society, los. 6d. 8 Dr. Sharpe's Englifh Hebrew, and Engliih Latin Grammars. ^ Defence of Chriftianity, 3s. Ollgarcy is. 10 Letters from a Perfian in England. 11 Inigo Jones's Defigns for Chimnics, Cidings, Temples, &c. los. 6d. IP. Pixne's Horace, 2 vols. 2L 2s. 13 A Syflem of Camp Difcipline, Adjutants Duty, Garrifon Duty, Regulations for the Land Forces, Kane's Campaigns, and Military Hiftory, from 1660, with manyCopper-plates, 7s. 6d. in thePrefs. 14 Tandon's French Grammar, to learn without a Mailer, 5th. edidon, 2s. 15 Morris's Lectures on Architedure 2 parts, 6s. 16 Capt. Miller's art of felf defence, los. 6d. 17 Capt Bontein*s large Map of Jamaica, 7s. 6d. 18 Coins, Weights and Meafures of all Natiop^, Antient and Modern, 5s. 19 Succellion of Colonels to each Regiment to 1766. 20 Baronetage of England, 5s. 21 Compleat Card Player, 2S. 22 Lifts of the Forces of above 40 Sovereigns, Sec, Ranks, Uniforms, Number of Officers, Private Men, &c. Neatly coloured^ los. 6d, 23 The Defcription and ufe of a Logg, to try a cur- rent when a Ship is under fail, to which is added, the ufe of Hadley's Qiiadrant, by a Seaman, is. A Catalogue of my MUSEUM will be Publifiied when Time and Room will permit. 20c Some 3000 100 500 200 200 2000 Some JOOOO 10000 j Gold, Platina, Silver, ^ Oars ! Cinnabar, -^1 Copper, S ' Tin, and Antimony, § ' Iron and iMagnets, 3 Led, o Bifmuth, Cobalt, ^1 Zink,Arfenic,Semi- I Metah, &c, I Minerals, Foffils, I Stones Amber, &c. 200 9876543 10000 lOOOCO c p? r. 203000 ' 200000 Salts, Cryftals, Sul- phurs, &c. Shells, Coral, Pearls, &c. Foflils, J^trifaftions^ &c. Birds, Bcafts, Fift, Infefts, Eggs, an-2d Method, attalion turn to the right about J Thefe two manoeuvres may be ufed where the efikcs are broad, and in marching thro' for rells, in Germany, by the avenues cut fo'" die chaces which are generally pretty broad. If at War'- bourg the Englifh line had marched in luch co^ lumns, the ftanding corn would not have fatigu'd them, as it greatly did by their march- ing in line, which prevented them from afliiting the grenadiers in cutting off Demuy's corps. ! Battalion G. divifions 1 Turn to the center. 2 March out to the front. Form the battalion, 2 Turn to your front. 3 To the right and left wheel. 4 March obliquely and drefs. f Battalion 1 'i^o,^ livings >P. 14. from your flanks retire ^g, divifions J by files in columns, 1 Turn from your center outwards. 2 Countermarch by files 2 Msrch- " Form your center advance by files. ( H ) 2 March out to the rear. Form the battalion^ 2 Turn to your front. 3 To the right and left wheel. 4 March obliquely and drefs. This manc^uvre may do in retiring thro' a de filce, or over a bridge, but if inimediately aftei pairing the defilee, it is found neceflliry to lin( the ravin, then the battalion muft not wait foi the word form, but the nrft two platoons afcei pafTing, muft march to the right and left, leav-j: ing betwixt them room enough for the reft to form as they defile, and fo foon as each platoon reaches its ground, it muft fire obliquely upon the enemy, fo that there will be a crofs fire inj front of the defile or bridge. No. 9. Grand divi/ions form a folid column. Ad" vanciag hy files, P. 15. I Turn to the center of the battalion, '2 March out to the front. '2 Incline to the center. % Drefs in front; Form the haitalion. Turn to your front. Regain your proper diftance. To the right and left wheel. March . ( 15 ) March obliquely and drefs. Fo. TO. Grand diviftons form a folid column^ re- tiring hy fJes. I Turn from the center of the battalion out- i wards. March out to the rear. Drefs in front. \ Form the battalion. Turn to your front. I Regain your proper ciflance. I To the right and left wheel. March obliquely and drefs. It feldom happens, that there will be occ^- ion to make ufe of this manoeuvre, it is only 'lecefifary, where after having paifed three de- ilees by grand divifions, you come to one de- lice broad enough to admit the heads of the ;rand divifions, whenjoinedi fome people in- iced pretend, it is good in refifting cavalry ; )ut a battalion fcldom marches without artillery .id their waggons, baggage, horfe^, Src. Which np.kes the forming of a iquare or oblong ne- efTary. \b I 1 6. By platoons advancing 'UVifigs I form columns from your center, 2 Center ( i6 ) 2 Center platoons march out to the front. 3 Platoons march obliquely and cover. Form the battalion, 3 Leading platoons march flow. 3 Platoons march obliquely and drefs. | c Battalion i By platoons retiring form co- ^'^^ livings i lumns from your flanks. 1 Battalion to the right about. 2 Flank platoons march obliquely to the center. 3 Platoons cover and drefs. Form the battalion. Battalion to the right about. 4 Platoons march obliquely to the front and drefs. Where the defilecs are broad enough this is the beft Method of marching, becaufe one forms the battalion very quickly from fuch co- lumns. No. 13. Battalion, retire in four lines by platoons. Every grand divifion is told off into i, 2, 3, and 4 platoons, the firft four fire and redre about 100 paces, then the fecond four fire and retire about 100 paces beyond them, and fo 00 as fticwn, p. 18. This ^ '7 ) This is a fine way of retiring in an open )untry, and often pradtifed by General Luck- =r with infantry and cavalry, particularly near lelfungen where he made a noble retreat. No. 14. Battalion form the fquare advancing •om the center^ p. 19. ^ Center companies march out to the front. 2 < Wings turn to the center. ^ March out to the front by files. 3 Rear companies turn to your rear. f To the right and left wheel inwards. ^ t Battalion turn to the front. Halt. Form the battalion* To the right and left wheel. March obliquely and drefs. s^o. 15. Battalion form the fquare retiring from the center^ p. 20. 1 Battalion to the right about. 2 Center companies march out to the front. 2 Wings turn to the center. 2 March out to the rear by files. 3 Rear companies wheel inwards. I Form the battalion^ ' '■' To the right and left wheeU \ C Marck . ( 18 ) March obliquely and drefs. To the right about. No. i6. Battalion form the chlong advancing fro\ your center. Center platoons march out to the front, &( as the Square. 1 No. 1 7. Battalion form the oblong retiring fra, the center. ■ No. 18. Battalion upon the march form the oh long^ P. 2 1 , 2 Leading fub-divifion to the right wheel. 2 Right hand fub-divifions incline to thi^ right in marching, and the left Hand fub-divr fions to the left. j 2 Clofe your diftances. 2 Rear fub-divifion turn to your right, tc the left wheel. 3 Clole the oblong. Form the battalion^ P. 22. 2 Front and rear lub-divifions halt. " ' 2 The others wheel to the right. 4 Sub-divifions to the Itfc march obliquely and drefs* This manoeuvre is very neceflary, where a battalion marches through a country by files, and r 19 ) ;id is ordered fuddenly to form to inclofe the iggage, fecc. But if the battalion is marching r fub'divifions, it is quickly formed into an )long, known to all regiments. If a regiment is marching by files on a •ad, and wants to form again!!: an enemy who purfuing, the commanding officer may order to halt^ frcnt^ and to the right or left change s front ; but then the regiment when formed ill find itfelf either intirely on the right, or ft of the road fo that the enemy will have a reat advantage in approaching one flank ; it is ue he may order the regiment to wheel on the nter^ which brings the center of the reginient a the road, but as this manoeuvre is exploded n account of its being difficult to perform, I lall give one, which may not only fupply its lace, but which may be extended to the ma^ oeuvring of a brigade in the like fituation as ereafter Ihewn. lo, 19. Battalion on your center to the left change your fronts p. 23. 1 Left wing to the right about 2 Platoons to the left wheel 3 March obliquely and drefs C 2 No. ( 20 ) No. 20, Battalion on the center to the rig4 change your fronty P. 24. || 1 Right wing to the right about I 2 To the right wheel by platoons 1 3 To the left march obliquely and drefs 1 No. 2u Battalion to the left change your from P. 25. n 2 To the left wheel by platoons 3 March obliquely If the enemy is too near to allow the cott pleating the manoeuvre, the platoon marked fires and retires to i ; the platoon 2 keeps u its fire till they approach nearer, then fires an retires to 2. No 3 fires and retires to 3, 41 4, and fo on till the battalion is formed again coloured green in the plate*^ The three laft manoeuvres anfwer the thre following fituations, viz, when the battalion to form on the road, on the right or left of it. The moft difficult manoeuvre is the retres of a battalion on a plain, becaufe if it marche too faft, confternation is the confequence, an confufion takes place ; if too flow, the enem have time to make ufe of their fuperiority. Ye ( 21 ) battalion may continue retreating, as faft as le generality of foldiers can run, and three >urths of it may always be formed in good or- er ; for if the platoons marked r, plate, 18. res, it is of no confequence how fall they run to leir fecond pofition, coloured red, as the thers are formed behind rhtm ; 2 retires to 2, to 3, and fo on for miles together. If the nemy purfue as faft in a common line, they l^illput themfelves in great confufion ; fo that by naking the platoons halt, which at that iralant re fartheft from the enemy, and by making the )thers drefs with th^m, we may in good order eceive them. If a battalion in a plain has time to throw up I breaft work, it fhould form itfelf in four quares, fo that the grand divifions may mutu- illy protcd one another, and none of them can DC attacked, without the enemy receiving the fire 3f the other three, as may be feen, Plate 27, No. 22. Battalion^ form two deep* The battalion continues marching in line, that the files may open more eafily to let in the rear rank, as this manoeuvre is entirely per- formed a 22 ) I formed by it. The battalion is told ofF, as for pcii forming the manual exercife into front anil rear half files. The man of the rear rajik tolii off fronl moves up into the front rank, leavini his file leader on his left hand, and the mal told ofi^ rear following him, takes place in ih center rank. Battalion form three deep. The rear rank men, ftep back, incline to th left, and cover their file leaders. Many of the foregoing manoeuvres may b( altered a little occafionally ; for inftance, b] No. 8» a battalion retires by files in column, and is entirely pafled the defilee, before it ii ordered to form, and then they wheel to the; right and left, and march obliquely : whereas ij the battalion muft halt at the ravin, then the; two firfi: plaioons march to their proper diftanqej on the right and left, that they may keep UD a crofs fire, to protedt that part of the battalion not then pafied. It is to be obferved that in performing thefe ma- noeuvres, no longer line than that of a platoon, 5s ever to wheel 5 by which means oblique march- ing ( 23 ) g will be of great ufe for thefe reafons, i. It lows us to keep a front cpnftantly prefented to le enemy 2. It may be proved mathematical- , that the diftance to be marched over, is lefs lan by any other method j and 3. That lefs me is required than if you wheel or march by les; fo that it agrees with the four principles id down at the beginning of thefe ma- xuvres. I would have given a geometrical and mathe- latical proof for each of the foregoing manoeu- res, to fhew Time znd Diflance, but I fuppofed lem of little utility to thofe not verfed in ma- lematics ; and the mafter would not thank me, ) prove what he muft be acquainted with. Manoeuvring by marching in files, and by heeling muft be avoided when poiTible ; this ould have induced me to perform all manceu- res in the following manner-, but the objeclions •e, that the battalion muft not only be told off, henever it marches, but likewife every time nachments join it on the march, fuch as out icquets, &c. I mean that every Officer may idge forhimfelf, fee Plate 26. r 24 ) I 1 Battalion told off into divifions of four me in front I 2 Battalion march by the right. | 3 Form the battalion to the left. Should the road not admit of four in fron' then the half divifion (being twoj march for ward, the reft following in order v where it ad mits of 8, then two divifions march in from and fo on, by which means the long rear occa fioned by file marching, and the trouble c wheeling are avoided. Manoeuvre Manoeuvres F O R A brigade of Infantiy. I ft Cafe, Plate 28. ^ Brigade of infantry, confifting of four battalions, being i, 2, 3, 4, and ten pieces of artillery is ordered to march om Gramke to Bilfen, near to which the ene- ly is encamped. ywo pieces of light artillery, (fuch as amufetts 'there are any J follow the advance guard. The ^mainder of the artillery marches between the ther battalions, the whole of which march rom the left by platoons. If upon approaching the enemy the nature of he.ground is found fuch, that the center of the irigade and artillery ihould remain upon the oad, the words are D ( 26 ) i, 2 and 4, Battalion turn to the right ah ouKi 2 Battalion to the right form, | 3 Drefs. But if the whole brigade fhould have formci on the right of the road, then I Brigade to the right about, ' T 0 the left form, ^ urn to the right about. And fhould ic have formed on the left of th' road. Brigade to the left form. In both which laft cafes, particular ordei muft be given to the artillery, as to their re maining on the road or keeping their poft i the center of the brigade as it moves. 2d Cafe, Plate 29. The brigade is ordered to retire from Bilfei Gramke marching from the right. \ 1 Brigade to the right about, I 2 To the left wheel by platoons^ ' \ 3 March. \ If the enemy purfues along the road. i 3 Firfi and fecond battalions turn to the rigU about, 4 Brigade to the right fcrm, i ( 27 ) 4 T^hird and fourth battalions^ turn to the right lOUt- Brefs, But if ordered to form on the right or left .'the road, it muft be executed as before. 3d cafe, plate 30th. A brigade encamped with its right at Rotake, id its left at Graben is ordered to march and icamp between Mitzen and Nadle. 2 Fir II and fecond battalions from your right ad- ance by platoons, 2 i:hird and fourth battalions from your left ad- vance by platoons, 3 Brigade to the right and left form. It would too much encreafe the fize of the )lates to (hew the march of the advance and ear guards, baggage, &c. As all manoeuvres muft be adapted to the 'round, it is impoffible to make a compleat et, fince it would require almoft an infinite number to anfwer the great variety of fitua- lions i therefore I ftiall only trouble the reader with one more, adapted to the enfuing points, D 2 which I- ( 28 ; which an officer fliould have in view before ]j begins a manceuvrc. i 1 The fituation and diflance of the enemy, 2 The troops they are compofed of, 3 The fituation of the ground he is upoi and the country he is to march over, advancin or retreating. 4 That he never ihould expofe cavalry to th lire of inrantry, in an encloled country, an therefore muii: fo calculate the manoeuvre tha they may be proteded by the infantry. i 5 That the cavalry be fo fituated in the ma ncsuvre, that they may come timely to the afj finance of the infantry, if like to be charged b]j cavalry. j 6 That he proportions the diftances to the dif] ferent velocities of infantry, cavalry, and artil lery, that they may in proper time arrive a] their pofitions. 3d Cafe, plate 31. A brigade with four Iquadrons of cavalry' fix pieces of cannon, and four anuifetts is drawr up on the plain, i. The enemy is at half a mild diflance. 2. They confift of two brigades ol in- ( 29 ) , infar.try, four fquadrons of cavalry and ten pieces of cannon. 3. The ground our brigade muft retire over is inclodd, but at C the plain is only a hundred yards from the road. 4. If the enemy's infantry marches up to C before the cavalry reaches D, they may incommode them ; therefore the iiid battalion marches to line that hedge, and get behind it fhould in- fantry. attempt this fiank. 5. The cavalry are at hand to charge iliould any of the enemy*s ca^ valry cive rheman opportunity. 6. In retiring, the cavalry has double the diilance to march, that the infantry has, and the artillery on the whole have not more than the infantry. Ericrade orders for the retreat, f i/?. Battalion tiir^i to the right, 5^ j Brigade to the right about, I Right fquadrons incline to the right, g' ^ March, fee B. It the enemy ftill m.ake a Qiew of attacking, the infantry may defend the hedges and the ar- tillery be placed in the road, while the cavalry retire down it, or the whole mav retire and take Up another Pofition. Brigade retire in column • Cavalry frcm the fianks retire, D. ( so ) Artillery follow. ift. and 2d. Battalion turn to the rights 3d and 4th. Battalion turn to the left. Caun term arch. Rear guard follow the amufetts, b. Laft Po- n form the brigade. fition. i fee E, Words of Command (Some of which are fliortened) For the prefent MancEuvres. f Platoons iftsS. D. [ By the right advancing, rank off ^ G. D. 3 by files. G D 2d I ^Yings } ^^^^ n^ii advance by files. , J. Wings 7 Advance from the right by Pla- ^'^{g. D. ^ toons. Battalion, V Center ? Adv. \^ ' 5 ( 31 ) 5 Form a folid column advancing by files. ^ c Battalion ■» By platoons advance from the Swings J Center. 7 Battalion retire in four columns by platoons. 8 Battalion form the{S^''' }^'3^^"'='"g- tOblongJ retiring. 9 Battalion upon the march form the oblong. I o Battalion , upon the center to the { you" ^ ^^^^ ^ front. I I Battalion form two deep. 12 Columns take ground to ^^^{[^ft^^*} Thefe twelve manoeuvres with their retreats are all that are necefTary for a battalion, and furely fo fmall a number, may eafily be remem- bered, by both officers and foldiers ; efpecially when once they are convinced of their utility, by feeing them fkilfuUy applied to different fi- tuations, to be found in the neighbourhood of every regiment's quarters* General Q ^ CO 6 ^ o ^ -g o o a .5 tT3 f , I' 9®0.0 O t^OOOO OOOOQOO 0000 03030 OO O 0 ••• 00(^00000006 0 000000 000 0 eoooo#do ©. • • • • • « • • • 9690000000000000000000^00 O O O ©O© 0©©^-- • • • • • • • • • • • • Iff!! i 0 i Co \ \ p © ^ — I ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo OOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOQQQQQQOQO.QOO \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ o 00*000000 OOOOOOOOOOOO ooooooo ooooo 600 000 ooooooooo 00 00000 00 00000000000000 000 00 000 000 000 ooooo 00 00 000 00 00 ooooo ooooooooQooooooooooooooooo oaoooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooboooooooooooo op 009000 OOOOOQOQ.OO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 0/ / / ; ; ; I 060 6 06 60 oobooiDOo o 0000000 oooooobooooo OGOOO CO 000 000000 000 0000 0000 000 00 00 00 QQ OQOOQOOOOOQOOOQOQOOOOQQOOOOQOOOOOO o o o o o o o o o o oo oo S oo oo ^ oo <^ oo oo ^ oo ^ oo o o V oo ^, o a-~. o a--..;- oo o o d o o o O O O O 0,0 O Q O O O O-H"" 0 0 00 ^ o o o o 00 ^ o o > O O V o o O QvJ o o o o s:^ o o 00 o o ^; 00^ 00 X o o • o o Q ^l/l^^2/rw^^^ -;^-- o o o o o o op d o o o o'b Co 0^0 000 000 OO^O O O 0.0 O Q O^ O 0 O ■o o o -000 •o o o •o o o . 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QOO O O 0 o o o 00 ooo o ocoo oooooooooc ocoooooooo \, ooooooooo 6 oooooooooo oooooooooc ooo- O GO ooo ooo o oo ooo Ooo ooo Ooo ooo O O 0 -. ooo ooo. ooo \ ooo ooc QOO ooo ooo cAo'fi^.'eic/^ g . \ O O O OC oo ooo ooo OOOOOOO ooo CO COOOOOOO OOOOOOO OO O OOOO OOOOOQ OOOOOOO OOO ooo OOO ooo OOO ooo ■OOO OOO ^ ' ooo ^ ooo,^ ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo ■ooo o o o , , o o o ^ o o o y o o o / o o O M o o o o o o o o o O O Q 0OO-- o o o o o o ooo O Q O '\ o o o si o o o sT ; o o O :^ "\ O O O V. O O O \ ooo ooo ooo ooo ooo • ooo ooo 0 0 0 -"v 2°° bo o oooo o oooo CO 0060 000 o o o- D"0 oooooooooooooooo 000 000 00 0 000 ooo 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 0 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 0 00 coo 000 QQQ 000000000000000000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000000000000000000 000 .000000000000000000 OOO---... O-O OGO 000000 00 00000 000 - ' 000 - O 0 O 000 000 000 O C O 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000.' O O O o o o OOO ooo 000 000 OOO 000 000 Dav Year 7'. -i Y Day Year age ' Agency ^Viara^? Arrears j8,o 1^98.10.0(1,4 7 7,6 3,6 Col-fcCapt lf.Col.A:Capt|i3.o Major&Capt Captain. Lieutenant Enfign ^,0 Chaplain... ^5,0 Adjutant-. -J 3 ,0 Quai^Maftf.3,6 G;i Surgeon — j^.o .V4 Surg^^]VfateJij,o Serjeant 1.6 |i8.z;.o| Corporals.. - 0,8 ^^,3.4 Drummers.. 0,8 v^^ 410,1,0 Private Men. . 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