V *Vw E — PART I. 9 PART FIRST. Article 1. To open and to close ranks. 21. The general, wishing to cause ranks to be open- ed, will command : 1. Prepare to open ranis. 22. This having been repeated, the lieutenant- colonels and senior majors will conform themselves to what is prescribed in the 5. B., No. 28 ; the colonels will immediately commaTul : 7o the rear^ open order. The general will then add : 2. March. 23. At this, briskly repeated, ranks will be opened in conformity to what is prescribed in the *S'. B. Each battalion will execute the movement as if it were isolated ; accordingly, it need not be attempted to align the rear rank of one battalion on that of other battalions. 2-4. The general will cause ranks to be closed by 'the commands prescribed in the S. B. Article II. Manual of Arms. 25. The manual of arms will never be executed in line. Article III. Loading at will and the firings. 26. In line, only loading at will will be executed. 10 KVOLUTIOX3 OF A RUIGADK — PART I. 27. The general, wishing to cause arms to be load- ed, will command : 1. Prepare to load. 28. This having been repeated, the general will add: 2. Load. 29. This, immediately repeated, will be executed as prescribed in the S. B. 30. The general, wisliing to cause the fire to be executed, will command : 1. Fire 1)1/ haltalion for rank^ or icing, or company). 31. Thk having been repeated, the general will add: 2. Commence Jiring. 32. The fire by battalion will commence with the odd-numbered battalions. The command commence firinfi having been repeated by all the colonels, those of the odd battalions will immediately give the com- mands prescribed in the S. B. for the execution of this particular fire. 33. The colonels of even-numbered battalions will not give their first command until they see some pieces brought back to the shoulder in the odd battalion to their right ; the colonels of the odd battalions, in their turn, will observe the same rule in respect to the even battalion, next to the left of each, and the fire will thus be continued by alterna,te battalions. 34. The fire by wing will be executed in each bat- talion as prescribed in the aS'. Z>. ; each colonel hav- ing repeated Uie command commence firing, will EVOLUTIONS OF A ERIGADE — PART I. 11 iinip.ediately ;j[ivc the commands Indicated for tlie execution of this fire, without re^uhitin8. The general -vvishing to cause the line to break by company or by division, will command: 1. By company (or hy divisioii) right (or left) wheel. 59. This having been repeated, the general will add: 2. March (or douUe-quich — March). 60. At this, briskly repeated, the line will break according to the principles given in the S. B. If the line is in march it Avill break as prescribed in the same school, and by the commands prescribed Nos. 58 and 59. 61. In that school it has been prescribed that, the companies having broken, the guides shall stand fast at the command front, given by their captains, al- though one or more may not be in the direction of the j)roceding guides; this rule will be observed from one battalion to another: thus, the leading guide of one battalion will not stir after the command front given by his captain, although he may not be in the direction of the guides of the preceding battalion ; it is when the column shall be put in march that the guides, who do not cover in file, will insensibly bring themselves on the direction, so that each may march in the trace of the one next preceding him. KVOLUTIOXS OF A BKIGADK — PART II. 15 62. If it is tlie intention of the general that the coliunn, foi med cither from a halt or march, phould continue the march after -wheeling, he will cause the colonels to be notified before the commencement of the movement, Avho will give orders accordingly- G3. The general, Avishing to cause the line to break to th.e front, to the right, to march toward the left, ^s^U command: 1. Break to the right to march to the left. 64. This having been repeated, the colonel on the right will cause his battalion to commence the move- ment, which will be executed as prescribed in the *S. B. Go. The following battalions will successively make the same movement ; the colonels will seize the mo- ment for causing their battaliotis to break, and each will be put in march, so that there may be, between its leading subdivision and the rearmost one of the preceding battalion, the distance of a subdivision and twenty-two paces. 66. The general will cause the line to break to the left to march to the right, according to the same prin- ciples. REMARKS. - 67. Whenever the brigade formed in two lines breaks or ploys into simple column for the purpose of marching, the colonels of the second line, unless ordered to the contrary, will form their battalions in the order indicated for those of the first line, and move them by the shortest route to their respective places in the brigade column, as soon as able to pass. Article II. To break to the rear by the right or left into column. 68. The general, wishing to c-ause the line to break 16 EVOLUTION'S OF A nillGADE— PART 11. to tlic rear into column by company, or by division, will command : 1. By the right (or /K — PART II. cute the movement on tlic first or last division of any other battalion, he will command : 1. Close column hy dirision. 2. <)n the first (or fourth') division (such) battalion, right (or left) in front. 3. Marcu (or double-quick — March). 80. Whether the right or left is to he in front, the designated or directing battalion w)\\ execute its movements as if it were alone. 90. If the right is to be in front, all the battalions in line to the right of the directing one will execute the movement as is indicated for ploying the line to the front on the left division, and the left battalions will execute the movement as is indicated for ploying to the rear on tlic right division. If the left of the line is to be at the head of the column, the right bat- talions will conform themselves to what is prescribed ibr ploying the line to the i'earon the leit division, and the other battalions to what is prescribed for ploying to the front on the right division. 91. If the directing battalion ploys on its first, or last division, the battalion contiguous to the directing division will execute its movement on this division; accordingly, the last or first division of the con-^iguous battalion, instead of remaining at a halt, will, at the commencement of the movement, file into the general column, at division distance in iront or rear of the directing division. 92. If the line should be in march, and the gen- eral should wish to ploy, without halting, it will be executed according to the principles prescribed in the S. B., observing what follows: As soon as each battalion has finished its ployment while marching, it will be faced by a fiank, and conducted to its proper position in column. EVOLUTIONS or A JJKIGADK — PART III. 21 nEMAUKS OX PLOYING A M\K INTO A COLUMN CLOSED IN MASS. 93. In the several ploymentsthe njencral will take, in pi-eference, as tlie directing division, that of the right or left of the battalion on which the movement is to be executed. 94. This method of ploying a line into column unites several advantages : ^/\s-t, it maintains, pend- ing the execution of the movement, the battaHons in all their strength, as each forms a separate mass; secorid, it occupies the least possible time, as each battalion moves over the shortest time to its place in the general column. 22 EVOLUTIONS or A lUtlCiADtl — I'AUT III. PART TIIIED. Article I. To niai'ch in column at full distance. 95. The General, wishing to put the column in march, will indicate to the colonel of the leading bat- talion the direction to be taken by the headmost guide, and the colonel will immediately prescribe to this guide the means to be employed to assure the di- rection of the march, according to the principles es- tablished in the S. B., Nos. 216-18. 96. These dispositions being made, the general will command : 1. Column, forward. 97. The colonels Laving repeated this command, will immediately add : Guide left, if the right be in front, or Guide rif/Jit, if the left be in front. 98. The general will then add : 2. March (or double-quick — March.) 99. At this, repeated with the greatest rapidity, the column will put itself in march. 100. The guide of the leading subdivision will maintain himself on the direction which has been in- dicated to him by tlie means prescribed in the .S. B.^ and the following guides Avill each march in the trace of the one who immediately precedes him, without regard to the general direction. 101. The lieutenant-colonel of the leading battal- ion will see that the headmotit guide does not deviate from the direction he ought to pursue, and the same officer of each following battalion will albo see that his EVOLUTIONS or A BRIGADE — I'ART III. '23 leading guide preserves a distance equal to the front of his subdivision and twenty-two paces, which ought to separate the battalions. 102. When a column has to prolong its march on a given line in order to form upon it to the left (or right) into line of battle, the general will always cause that line to be marked by one of the means prescribed in the S. B.y Nos. 228-30. Artiolk II. Column in route. 103. The column being at a halt, if the general wish to put it in march in the route step, he will give the commands prescribed for the march in the ca- denced step, with this difference — the command vinrch will be preceded by that of route step, which will be repeated by the colonels. 104. The column being in march, the general, in order to cause it to pass from the cadenced to the route step, and the reverse, will give the commands prescribed in the S. B., Nos. 315 and 317. 105. All the principles relative to columns in route having been developed in the schools of the company and battalion, it only remains to add here that, when a column of many battalions encounters a defile, which obliges it to diminish the front of subdivisions, this movement will only be made as each battalion successively arrives on the ground at which the pre- ceding battalion had executed it. 10 3. Thus, for example, a column formed by com- pany, encountering a defile which will only receive the front of a platoon, the colonel of the leading bat- talion, will at once, or successively, according to the order of the general, diminish front by platoon ; but 24 INVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADK — PART III. the colout'l of the next battalion -will not repeat the commands of the prcceiliiig colonel until his Isat- tnlion ariives at the same point, and so on of the otiiei's. 107. The chief of the column will take care to reg- ulate the rate of the march according to the ground and other circumstances ; he will always leave with the rear of the column an aide-de-camp to bring him prompt intelligence in case it find a dilHculty in fol- lowing. REMARKS. 0-108. If the companies of skirmishers are in the col- umn, the distances between the battalions will be estimated from those companies. Each battalion suc- ceeding the first will get its distance by stopping short ; on resuming the cadenced step, these battal- ions will regain their distances by an increased pace. Article III. To change direction in column at full distance. 109. The general, wishing to cause the column to change direction, will despatch an aide-de-camp to the point of change, and give notice of his purpose to the leading colonel a little before arriving at that point. 110. The change of direction will be executed ac- cording to the principles prescribed in the S. "B., No. 275 and following. 111. Those rules will be observed in columns in manoeuvre, although marching at the moment in the route step. EVOLUTIONS 01<- A BRIGADE — PAIIT III. 25 Article IV. To halt the column. 112. The general wishing to halt the column, will command : 1. Column. 113. This having been repeated, he will add : 2. Halt. 114. This will be repeated with the greatest ra- pidity. 115. The column being halted, if the general wish to form it to the left (or ru^ht) into line of battle^ and the guides require to be assured on the direction, he will place biaiself fifteen or twenty paces in front of the head, facing to the rear toward the direction which he may wish to give to the guides, selecting in rear of the column the second point which determines that direction, and establishing on It the leading guide ; he will then command : Guides^ cover. 116. At this, repeated by the colonels, the lieuten- ant-colonels and senior majors will promptly cause the guides who may noc be on the direction to cover each other accurately. 117. The subdivision guides being established on the direction, the colonels, without waiting for each other, will immediately command : Left {or ricjht) — Dress. 118. At this, briskly repeated by the chiefs of sub- division, each subdivision will incline to its guide, and be promptly aligned. If the new direction be such •2G KVi>r,U I IONS 01' A nUIGADK — TART III. tliat a subdivision find itself many paces from it, the chief of the subdivision will cause it to march by the flank. 119. As indicated in the S. B., No. 232, the subdi- visions of a column will not maintain the full distance. Article V. To close the column to half-distance, or in mass. 1 20. Whether the column be formed by company or by division, the distance between battalions, when the subdivisions arc at half-distanc(; from each other, or closed in mass, will be equal to the front of a sub- division. Int. To close the column on the leadinfj comjjnui/. 121. A column by company, at full distance and rio;ht in front, being in march, when the general shall wish to close it to platoon distance, he will command : 1. To half-distance, close column. 1 22. This having been repeated, the general will add : 2. March (or douUe-quick — March). 123. At the command march, the headmost battal- ion will close up to platoon distance on its leading company, as prescribed in the S. B., No. 295 and following. 124. The other battalions will continue to march ; when the leading company of the second battalion is at company distance from the rearmost company of EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART III. 27 the first battalion, its captain "vvill halt it and align it by the left ; the other companies of this battalion will close up on the leading one, and the following battal- ions will conform themselves to what is just prescrib- ed for the second. 125. The lieutenant-colonel of the first battalion will assure the positions of the guides as prescribed in the S. B. 126. The lieutenant-colonel of each following bat- talion will go in advance to the point at which his leading company ought to be halted, and he will asnire the positions of the guides by placing himself in rear of each, as the companies are successively closed. 127. If the column, instead of being in march, be at a halt, the general will cause it to close by the same commands. At the word march., the leading subdivision will stand fast; all the others will put themselves in movement, and the battahons will close up as just prescribed for a column in march. 128. If the column be marching in double-quick time, it will close by the commands and means above indicated, and agreeably to the principles prescribed in the S. B. 2d. To close the cuhnnn on the rearmost contjiavi/. 129. The column being at a halt, the general, if he wish to close it to half-distance on the rearmost com- pany, will command : 1. On (such company) fourth battalion, to half-dis- tance, close column. 130. This having been repeated, each colonel will command: 1. Battalion, about — Face; 2. Column, forward; 3. Guide riyht. 28 i:voh:tions of a niuGADi:— i'akt hi. 131. At the first command of its colonel, tlic bat- talion will face about ; each guide will remain abreast with the front rank, bei,'ome the rear; the rearmost company of the fourth battalion will remain fiiced to the front. 132. At the third command, the captains of* the fourth battalion will place themselves two paces out- side of their guides ; those of the other battalions will remain behind the centres of their companies. 133. The general will then add : 2. March (or douhle-qukk — March). 134. At the command jnarcJi, the fourth battalion will close on its rearmost company, as prescribed irf the »S'. B., No. 317 and following. 135. The other battalions will close on the fourth, and when the colonel of the third sees that the first company of the fourth battalion has only a few paces left to take, he will command : Captains, on the Jiank of the column. At this, the captains of the third bat- talion will ])lace themselves briskly outside of their guides. When the eighth company of this battalion is at the prescribed distance, its captain will halt it, face it to the front, and align it by the left, its guide remaining faced to the rear ; the other companies will close upon this company, and the remaining battal- ions will each execute what is just prescribed for the third. 136. Each colonel will face his puldes to the front as soon as all the companies of his battalion are aligned. 137. The lieutenant-colonel of the fourth battalion will assure the position of his guides, as indicated in the S. i>'., No. 324 ; the lieutenant-colonels of the other battalions will conform themselves to what is prescribed No. 126. EVOLUTIONS or A BRIGADK — TART III. '2U 138. If the column be in marcli, it -vvill be closed by tlie commands and means above indicated, and agreeably to the principles prescribed in the S. B. Zd. To close the column on au interior battalion, 139. The general, wishing to close the column on the headmost company of an interior battalion, say the third, will command : 1. On the Jirsi company ^ third battalion, to half-dis- tance, close column. 140. This having been repeated, the colonel of each battalion in iront of the third will command : 1. Baltalion, about — Fack ; 2. Column, forward ; 3. Guide right. The general will then add : 2. March (or double-quick — March). 141. At the command march, bi-iskly repeated by all the colonels, the third battalion, and those in its rear, will close up as prescribed No. 123 and follow- ing, for the execution of the movement on the head of the column ; the battalions in front of the third will close as indicated No. 134 and following, for the execution of the movement on the rear of the column; the eighth company, second battalion, will close on the directing company, leaving the interval prescribed No. 120. 142. If the column be in march, the subdivisioa on which it is closed will halt at the command march, and the subdivisions in rear will close in the manner presci-ibed for closing on the head of the column, and the subdivisions in front in the manner prescribed for clbsin^ on the rear of the column. 80 EVOLUTIONS OF A IJHIGADK — PAUT III. 143. A column by division -will close to company distance by the same commands and means. 144. The column being at full or half-distance, the general Avill cause it to close in mass by the same commands, substituting the indication culumn, close in mass, .for that of to half-distance, close column. 145. A column, left in front, will execute those several movements according to the same principles. If the column closes on any subdivision in rear of the battery, this latter, before the movement commences, and ui)on an intimation from the general, will leave the column, and following the movement upon tho_ Hank, will resume its place in the column, Avhen the manoeuvre is finished. The colonels of the battalions next the battery will be careful to preserve the nec- essary interval, prescribed No. 21 G. Article VI. To inarch in column at half-distance, or closed in mass. 14G. A column at half-distance or in mass, being at a halt, when the general shall wish to cause it to march, he' will give the counnauds prescribed above for putting in march a column at full distance. 147. The means of direction indicated for a column at full distance will be the same for a column at half- distance or in mass. 148. A column at half distance or in mass, being in march, the general will halt it by the same com- mands as if it were a column at full distance. 149. The column at half-distance or in mass being halted, if the general shall wish to give a general di- rection to the guides, he will conform to the means prescribed for a column at full distance. r e/OLt/r/o/^s or A BffdAC^e 1^ am-^ \ ^_ vfi^ niiiiii ^%, ^■li ill KVOLUTIONS OF A UKIGADK — PAra ill. 31 Articlk VII. To change direction in column at half-distance. 150. A column at half-distance, being in marcl), and having to change direction, will execute tho movement as prescribed for a column at full distance, with the diflerence indicated in the S. B., No. 343. Articlk VIII. To change direction in column closed in mass. ].s^ Fa marching. 151. A column closed in mass, being in march, and having to change direction, the general will cause the point at which the change has to commence to be marked, and just before arriving at the point will command : Change direction to tlie right (or left^. 152. This command having been repeated, the colonel of the first battalion will, on arriving at the point indicated, cause his battalion to change direc- tion by the means prescribed' in the ,S'. i>.,"No. 345 and following. 153. The second battalion, and successively the others, will change direction at the point where the first changed, and in the same manner. 154. If, during the march of the column, the gen- eral should wish to give a new point of direction, too near the present one to require a formal change, it will be done by the means prescribed in the >S^ J5., No. 285. B i' , O Ji O £ iiiiliiriill,D ■« > FOLDOUT BLANK 32 EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADF. — PART III. 2d. To change direction from a halt. 155. The column being halted, wlicn the general shall wish to place it in a new direction, without any immediate intention of advancing after such change, he will cause this movement to be execiited by the flanks of subdivisions according to the principles pre- scribed in the >S'. B. 156. It will be supposed that the column has the right in front, and that it has to change direction to the left ; the general, after having caused two mark- ers to be established on the new direction for the leading subdivision, will command : 1. Charirje direction by the right flank. 157. This having been repeated, each colonel will command : Battalion., right — Face. The general will then add : 2. March (or douhle-quich — March). 158. At this, the column will march by the right flank into the new direction, in conformity with the principles prescribed in the S. B., No. 3G7 and fol- lowing. 159. The colonels will see, pending the execution of the movement, that the files do not open out, that the subdivisions enter in a square with the new di- rection, and that the prescribed distance between their battalions be exactly observed. IGO. The lieutenant-colonel of the leading bat- talion will place himself some paces in front, and face to the guide of the first subdivision of the column, in order to assure the direction of the guides of his bat- talion ; the lieutenant-colonel of eacli of the follow- K VOLUTIONS OF A BKIGADi: — I'ART III. I',:', ing battalions -will place himself successively behind its left guides as they arrive on the new direction, to assure them in their positions. 161. A column in mass will change direction to the right by invers;e means, and be conducted by the left Hank into the new direction. Article IX. Being in coltimn at half-distance, or closed in mass, to take distances. 1st. To take di'iftauccif hi/ the head of the column. 162. A column by company being at half-distance and at a halt, when the general shall wish it to take distances he will indicate to the lieutenant-colonel of the leading battalion the point of direction in front, and then command : By the head of column^ take ivheelmg distance. 1G3. This having been repeated, the first battalion will take its distances by the means indicated in the S. B., No. .387 and following. 104. Each of the other battalions will take its dis- tances in like manner ; but it will not commence its movement till the last subdivision of the battalion immediately preceding has left, besides the space equal to the front of a company, the distance of twenty-two paces. 165. If the column be in march, it will take dis- tances according to the principles prescribed in the .S'. B., and by the commands above indicated. 2d. To take dintances on the rear of the column. 166. The column beinsi at half-distance and at a 34 KVOLUTIONS 01 A BRIGADE — PART III. halt, when the frcncral sliall wish it to take distances on the ri'arniost coippany, say the eijihth oonipany, fourtli battalion, he ■will fi?\st determine the direction of the line of battle, and direct two markers to be placed on this line, as prescribed in the N. B., No. ;S97. The marker? bcine: established, he will cause this line to be prolonjicd by one of the means indi- cated in the S. B., No. 229 and folIowlnLS and as soon as these dispositions are made he will command : 1. On the eighth company, fourth battalion, take wheel- ing distance, 167. This having been repeated, the colonels will each command : 1. Column, fitvicard ; 2. Guide I eft. 168. At this, the captains of the fourth battalion •will place themselves on the left flank of the column ; those of the other battalions Avill remain before the centres of their companies. 169. The lieutenant-colonel and the senior major of the first battalion will remain in their places in column; in the other battalions each lieutenant- colonel will ))lace himself abreast with his rearmost company, and the senior majors each abreast with his first. 170. The general will then add: 2. March (ov douhle-quick — March). 171. At this, the whole column, except the direct- ing company, Avill step olf ; the lieutenant-colonel of the first battalion will take care to direct the leading guide a little within the line of battle. 172. The fourth battalion will take its distances as prescribed in the S. B., No. 398 and following. 173. When the colonel of the third sees that only one company of the fourth remains to take its dis- EVOLUTfOXS OF A IHUGADE — PART III. 35 tauce, lie will command : Captains, on the Jiank of the column. 174. At this, the captains will place themselves outside of their guides ; the lieutenant-colonel will hasten to the ])oint whei'C his rearmost company- ought to be halted, observing to take, between it and the first company of the fourth battalion, a distance equal to the front of a company, and twenty- two paces. 1 75. When his rearmost company shall arrive abreast with the lieutenant-colonel, its captain will bait and align it by the left. The other companies of the third will take their distances as prescribed for those of the fourth battalion. 176. The remaining battalions will successively execute what has just been prescribed for the third. The lieutenant-colonel of the first will direct the march of its leading guide to the point where the rearmost company of this battalion ought to be halted, and then the senior major will replace him momen- tarily at the head of the column. 177. The colonels, lieutenant-colonels, and senior majors Avill conform themselves to v/hat is prescribed for each in the »S'. B., Nos. 405-7. '6d. To take distanccfi on the head of the columiu 1 78. When the general shall wish to cause distances to be taken on the head of the column, say the first company, of the first battalion, he will direct two markers to be placed on the line of direction as pre- scribed in the S. B., No. 408, and cause this line to be prolonged to the rear by the means indicated in the S. B., No. 229 and following; these dispositions being made, he will command : 1. On the Jirst company, first battalion, take wheeling distance. ii(j EVOLUTIONS OF A 15KU;A1)K — VAUV III. 179. This having been repeated, each colonel will command: 1. Battalion, about — Fack; 2. Column, fonvanl ; 3. Guide right. 180. At the third command, the captains of the first battalion will place themselves on the directing ilank of the column; those of the other battalions ■will remain behind the centres of their companies. 181. The lieutenant-colonel of the fourth battalion ■will place himself abreast with his now leading com- pany, and the senior major abreast with its rearmost one; in the other battalions the positions of the lieutenant-colonels and senior majors will be the re- verse. 182. The general will then add : 2. Mauch (or douUe-quick—^lxRCii). 183. At this, the whole column, except the direct- ing company, which has not faced about, will step ofT'; the lieutenant-colonel of the fourth battalion, placed by the side of the guide of its now leading company, Avill take care to direct this guide a little within the line of battle. 184. The first battalion will take its distances in the manner indicated in the S. 7J., No. 401) and fol- lowing. 185. When the last company but one of the first battalion shall have taken its distance, the colonel of the second will command : Captains, on the Jlank of the column; at the same time, the lieutenant-colonel of this battalion wmU go to the point at which the first company ought to be halted. 18(). This company having arrived abreast with the lieutenant-colonel, its captaiii will halt it, face it about, and align it by the left ; the other companies of this battalion will take their distances as prescribed for those of the first battalion. EVOLUTIONS OF A UUIGADE — rART HI. 87 187. Each remaining battalion will conform itself to what has just been proscribed for the second. The lieutenant-colonel of the fourth will direct the march of its leading- guide to the point at which its now rearmost company ouglit to be halted, Avhen he will change })lace with the senior major. 188. The field officers will conform themselves to what is prescribed for each in the S. B., No. 417. 4th. To taJ.-e distances on an inferior battalion. 1 80. "When the general shall wish to cause distances to be taken on an interior company of the column, say the first company of the third battalion, he will establish the direction in tiie manner indicated No. 1 78, and caubC it to be prolonged to the front and rear ; which being executed, he will command : 1. On the Jirsl company, third battalion., take loheelincj distance. 190. This having been repeated, the colonel of the third and the colonel of the following battalion will each command : 1. Battalion, about — Face; 2. Col- umn, forward; 3. Guide right. The colonels of the battalions in front of the third will each command : 1. Column, forward ; 2. Guide left. 191. The general will then add: 2. March (or double-quick — March). 192. The third and fourth battalions will execute their movement in the manner indicated No. 180 and followinff, for'taking distances on the head of the col- umn ; the third will conform itself to what is pre- scribed, in that case, for the first battalion. 103. The first and second battalions will execute 88 EVOLUTIONS OF A lUlICADK — PAUT III. the movement as prescribed No. 168 and following, for taking distances on the rccn'of the colnmn. At the commencement of the movement the second bat- talion will put itself in march with the rest, and its rearmost company will be halted the moment there is between it and the first company of the third bat- talion a distance equal to the .front of a company and twenty-two paces. 194. When distances are taken on an interior bat- talion of the column, the headmost or rearmost com- pany of this battalion will be designated as the direct- ing company. 195. A column in mass will take full distances by the commands and means just indicated. AVhen it has to take half-distances the general will substitute, in the first command, the indication half for that of wheeling distance. 196. All these movements Avill be executed, ac- cording to the same principles, in a column left in front. 197. In a column by division, distances will be taken according to the same principles as in a column by company. REMAnKS ON TAKING DISTANCF.S. 198. When the column takes wheeling distances on any of its subdivi.^ions, or by the head of the column, the general will first dii-cct the battery to leave the column, and will then close the interval which it occupied by causing the three battalions, which already have subdivision intervals between them, to close to subdivision distance upon the one which is isolated ; or he will close this latter upon the others. He will then proceed to take wheeling distances, as prescribed No. 162 and following. EA'OLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE— PART III. 39 Article X. Countermarch. 199. A column, right in front, being at full or half- distance, when the general shall wisli to cause it to execute the countermarch, he will command : 1. Countermarch. 200. This being repeated by all the colonels, eacli will immediately command : 1 . Battalion, rinht — Face : 2. Bi/fle left. 201. The general will then add : 2. March (or double-guick—'MAiicn). 202. At this, briskly repeated, all the subdivisions of the column will execute the countermarch, as pre- scribed in the S. B. 203. With the left in front, the countermarch will be executed according to the same principles. Countermarch of a column closed in mass. 204. When a column in mass has to execute the countermarch, the general will command : 1. Countermarch. 205. This being briskly repeated by all the colonels, each will immediately command : 1. Battalion, right and left — Face ; 2. By file, left and right. 20G. The general will then add : 2. March (or double-quick — March). 207. At this, briskly repeated, the subdivisions will 40 EVOLUTIONS or A BR I< 1 A DK— I'AIM' HI- pTit thcm?clves in movement, and ihc countermarch will be executed as prescribed in the S. 7?., No. 426 and folloAving. AllTICLE XT. Being in column by company, to form divisions. 208. The column being by company, right in front, and at a halt, when the general shall wish divisions to be formed, he will command: 1. Form divisions. 209. This being repeated by the colonels, each will immediately command : Left cowpanies, left — Face. 210. The general will then add: 2. March (or double-quick — IMarch). 211. At this, briskly repeated, the movement will be executed as prescribed in the S. B. 212. Each colonel will command : Guides — Posts, as soon as the divisions of his battalion are formed. 21.'?. If the left be in front, the general will give the same commands, and the colonels will conform themselves to what is prescribed in the »S'. />., No. 455. 214. If the column is in march, divisions will be formed by the commands and means above indicated, and in conibrmity with the principles prescribed in the >S'. n. REMARKS ON THK POSITION-OP THK BATTEHV IN THE COLUMN. 215. In marching in advance in thccadenccd step, the battery of the brigade will take post directly in rear of its leading battalion. Marching in retreat, EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE— PART III. 41 the battery will be posted directly in advance of its rearmost battalion. The pieces, in these cases, will, in column, be formed four abreast. 216. Before putting a column, either by division, or company closed in mass, or at half-distance, in march, the ijeneral, after giving the command, Column^ forward^ will cause the leading, or three leading bat- talions, as the march is in advance, or retreat, to move forward, the distance of sixty, or one hundred paces, as the column may be by division, or company, in order that the battery may take its position in the column. The interval thus formed for the battery will be one hundred and forty paces. 217. In marching, in the route stej), the battery will take post in rear' of the column. POSITION OF THE CAVALRY. 218. When in column, the cavalry will take such position either in front. Hank, or rear, as the general may direct. 4 m- 42 KVOLUTIONS OF A BKIGADK — PAUT IV. PART FOURTH. DIFFERENT MODES OF PASSING FROM THE ORDER IN COLUMN TO ORDER IN BATTLE. AuTicM<: I. Manner of determining the line of battle. 219. The diflTerent manners of determining tlic line of battle have been explained in the S. D. Akticle II. Mode of passing from column at full distance into line of battle. To the left (or right) into line of battle. 220. The column being supposed to have the right in front, -when the general shall -vvish to form it to tlie left into line, he will first assure the direction of the guides by one of the means j)roscribed No. 115 and following ; -which being executed, he will com- mand : 1. Left into Hue, icheel. 221. This having been repeated by tlie colonels, the right guide of the comjiany at the head of each battalion will place himself on the direction of the left guides, in conformity with what is prescribed in the S. JJ., No. 465 ; the general will then add : 2. March (or double-quick — March). 222. At this, briskly repeated, the column will EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADK — FART IV. 43 form to the left into lino of battle, and the moment it is formed the general will command : 3. Guides — Posts. 223. At this, the guides will take their places in line of battle. 224. A column, left in front, will form to the right into line of battle, according to the same principles. By inversion, to the right (or left) into line of battle. 22.5. If circumstances require that a column, right in front, should form to the right into line of battle, the general, without occupying himself with rectify- ing the right guides of the column, will command : 1. By inversion, right into line, toheel. 226. At this, the lieutenant-colonel and the left guide of every company at the head of a battalion, will conform themselves to what is prescribed in the S. B., No. 485. 227. The colonels having repeated the above com- mand, will each immediately give this : Battalion, fjuide right: the lieutenant -colonels and senior majors will rectify, with the utmost promptitude, the direction of the right guides of their respective bat- talions, without occupying themselves with the general direction of the column ; and as soon as these dispositions are made, the general will add : 2. March (or double-quick — March). 228. At this, briskly repeated, each battalion will wheel up into line, in conformity to what is prescribed in the S. B., No. 436. 44 KVOLUTIONS or A BRIG.VDK — PAKT IV. 229. The line being formed, tlie geaeral will com- mand : 3. Guides — Posts. 230. If, with the left in front, it be necessary to form the column to the left into line of battle, the movement will be executed according to the same principles. 231. If the general should desire to march forward without halting the line formed from the column on march, it will be executed in accordance with the commands and means prescribed in the *S'. B. Successive Formations. 232. In the successive formations, the lieutenant- colonel of each subordinate battalion will always precede it on the line of battle, and establish a marker at the point where the right or left of his leading subdivision is to rest. He will take care to leave between this marker and the next battalion al- ready established on the line, the interval of twenty- two paces, and then place a second marker on the line at a little less than subdivision distance from the first. The moment the lieutenant-colonel detaches himself, he will be replaced at the head of liis column by the senior major. 233. As soon as the color subdivision of each bat- talion arrives on the line of battle, the color-bearer will stop out and place himself opposite to his file on the alignment of the guides already established on that line, taking care to hold up his lance perpendicu- larly between liis eyes. 234. As soon as there shall be two colors on the line of battle, the colonels will command: Guides — Posts, after the last subdivision of their battalions is established on that line ; but the color-bearers will EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART IV. 45 remain in front until the entire line is formed. The general will then command : Colons — Posts. 235. The lieutenant-colonels will assure with the utmost care the markers of their respective battalions on the line of battle, taking the colors as the basis of alignment as soon as there are two established on that line, and then assure, with equal precision, the direction of the following guides and color-bearers as they successively come on the line of battle. 236. Each colonel, after ordering in his guides, will cause his battalion to order arms. Article III. Different modes of passing from column at half-dis- tance into line of battle. 1. To the left (or right) "] ^ 2. On the right (or left) I into line of 3. Forward by deployment f battle. 4. Face to the rear J \8t. Column at half-distance, to the left {or right), into line of battle. 237. A column at half-distance having to form to the left (or right) into line of battle, the general will first cause it to take distances on the subdivision he may choose to designate, by the means prescribed No. 162 and following; which being executed, he will form the column into line of battle as indicated No. 220 and following. 238. The general, when he judges it necessary, may order each battalion to form itself into line of battle as it shall successively have its distances, with- out waiting for the battalions engaged in the execu- tion of this preliminary movement. 4G EVOLUTIONS OF A BRKJADF- — PART IV. 230. If the column be in marcli. and it bo. nocossaiy to form rapidly into line of battle, the gem-ral will cause it to be executed by the commands and ac- cording to the principles prescribed in the S. B., No. 493 and following. 2d. Column at half-dintnuoe on the ri., No. 5G0 and following. 259. The remaining battalions will march in col- umn, by battalion, toward the line of battle ; to this end, the leading subdivision of each will break f)om tlie general -column by a wheel to the left, and then direct itself diagonally forward, £o as to arrive op- EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART IV. 49 posite to the point (Vnppui of its battalion, but distant irom this point at least the depth of the battalion in column. 260. The head of eaeh of these battalions having ai'rived opposite its point (rap/mi, ■will turn to the riiiht, in order to advance in a square with tiie line of battle, and when it shall be about three paces from that line the colonel will close his column in mass, and deploy it on its first subdivision. Ji' it is the wish of the general that the battalions shall remain in column, after arriving on the line, he will so direct the colonels. 261. The line being formed, the general will com- mand : Colors — Posts. 262. If the general should wish to form forward, into line without halting, he will cause the line to be marked in advance, and the movement will be exe- cuted according to the commands and means pre- scribed No. 2.55 and following, and the principles in- dicated *S'. B. Should he wish to continue the march without halting, the line will not be marked in ad- vance, and the movement will be executed in con- foimity with the principles prescribed in the same school. REBfABKS ON FORMING FORWARD, INTO LINE OF BATTLE. 263. The precision of this movement depends on the diagonal direction taken by the battalions in passing from the general column toward the line of battle ; the better to assure this direction, the general, colonels, and lieutenant-colonels will observe the fol- lowing rules : 264. Before beginning the movement, the general 50 EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADK— PART IV. will oliargc two aides-de-camp to determine the points iVappui on the line of battle lor the i'ig[ht fl^inks of the (lilferent battalions, whieh will be executed as follows. 2Go. The first aid will / hoLtca-lvon, 'Jn. nCo.ss en. 5(,cond (le.pZoy cohvrrwj N' 5 2 2. fftt r^ViViit) ..v^'^^-"\\ F-3 ^ \0^ •S^- KVOLUTIOXS OF A BRIGADE — PART IV. 55 deploying it, will est ablitt. He will place on the line of battle tAvo markers, the first before the right, and the second befbi'e the left file of the headmost division, and then order a mounted officer to go beyond the point at whieh the left battalion will arrive, and to place himself exactly on the prolongation of the basis of the alignment. 292. These dispositions being made, the general will command : 1. By battalif,n m mass, in the Jirst battalion, dcplmj column. 293. This having been repeated, the colonel of the first battalion will caution it to stand fast. The colonel of the second will command : Battalion, left- Face. The other colonels will each command: 1. Guide right. 2. Battalion, left icheel. 294. The general will then add: 2. March (ot double-quick — March). 295. At the command march, briskly repeated, the movement will commence ; the colonel of the first will command: R'lrjht — Dress; at which the first division will dress up against theT markers, and be aligned by the right. At the same time, the guides of the other 5G KVOLUTION3 OF A BRIGADE — PAUT IV. divisions will cover each otlier accurately, each followiiifi guide taking the distance of six paces from the guide inimcdiati'ly preceding ; the senior major will establish them promptly on the direction, and, as soon as Ihey are assured in their positions, each chief ivill align his division by the right. The chief of the first division, after having commanded front, instead of placing himself before its centre, will remain on the right of the front rank, and the right guide will fall back to the rear rank. 296. The second battalion will march straight-for- ward, and when it arrives opposite its place it will be faced by the right flank, and moved on the line; the others will march in column by battalion, toward the line of battle, directing themselves as prescribed No. 259. 297. The instant the movement commences, the senior major of the second battalion will place him- self twenty-two paces from the left flank of the column, to mark the point at which the battalion will face to the right in order to advance upon the line of battle. 298. The lieutenant-colonel of the second, at the commencement of the movement, and the lieutenant- colonels of the other battalions as indicated No. 269, will establish two markers on the line of battle, the right marker of each succeeding battalion at twenty- two paces from the left of the preceding battalion. 299. After changing direction, for the purpose of marching in a square with the line, the right guide of the first division of each of the battalions, other than the first, will so direct himself as to bring the right file opposite to the first marker, and when the head of the battalion is at three paces from the line of battle the colonel will halt it, and command : Right — Drkss. At this command each battalion will be aligned by the right, in the manner indicated for the first battalion. EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART IV. 57 300. The colonels will place themselves opposite the centre of the flanks of their battalions respec- tively, and on the side of the present guides. 301 . The deployment being ended, the general will command : 3. Guides — Posts. 302. At this, the markers placed before the masses will retire. 303. If the general should wish to form faced to the front into line without halting, he will cause the line to be marked in advance, and the movement will be executed according to the commands and means prescribed No. 292 and following, and by the princi- ples indicated in the S. B. Should he wish to con- tinue the march without halting, the line will not be marked in advance, and the movement will be exe- cuted in conformity with the principles prescribed in the same school. 304. If, instead of deploying the column ofi the first battalion, the general shall wish to deploy it on the iburth, he will begin by causing the dispositions pre- scribed No. 289 and following to be made, and then order a mounted officer to place himself on the line of battle a little beyond the point at which the right battalion will arrive ; this officer will establish himself exactly on the prolongation of the markers placed be- Ibre the head of the column. 305. The general will then command : 1. Bt/ battalion in niass, on the fourth battalion^ deploy columns. 2. March (or double-quick— Mauch). 306. At the first command the colonel of the fourth battalion will caution it to stand fast. The colonels of the first and second will each command : oS EVOLUTIONS OK A BUIGADK — PART IV. Baffnlimi, right — FAC^:. The colonel of the third Avill command: 1. Guide left. 2. Datlalion, right ichecL • 307. At the command march ^ the first three bat- talions ■will put themselves in movement ; the first division of the first battalion, conducted by the lieu- tenant-colonel, will direct itself a little within the line of battle and parnllelly to that line ; the other battalions will execute their movements in conform- ity with the principles prescribed No. 296 and fol- lowing. 308. The colonel of the fourth, seeing his battalion nearly unmasked, will command : 1. Column, for- ward. 2. Guide left. 3. March (or double-quick — March). 309. At tlie command march, which will be given the moment the battalion is unmaslced, the colonel will conduct it toward the line of battle, and when at three paces from that line he will halt it and align it by the left. The chief of the first division will then shift to the right, as prescribed No. 295. 310. When the left file, first division, first battal- ion, is abreast with the marker, which has been placed by the lieutenant-colonel on the line, the colonel will command : 1. JUdtalion. 2. Halt. 3. Front. 4. Left dress ; and the battalion will be dressed as prescribed No. 295. 311. The movement being ended, the general will command : 3. Guides — Posts. 312. Shouhl the general Avish to continue the march without halting, the line will not be marked in advance, and the movement will be executed in conformity with the principles prescribed in the S. B. EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADt: — PART IV. 59 . 313. According to llie same principles, tlie deploy- ment may be made on an interior battalion of the column. The general, after having established two markers before the head of the column, will order two mounted officers to place themselves respectively a little beyond the points at which the right and left battalions will arrive. 314. These diflerent movements will be executed according to the same principles in a column with the left in front. 315. In the preceding examples the line of battle has been established in front of the head of the column ; the general may also establish it in front of any interior battalion, and then deploy the column on this battalion, or on any other that he may judge proper. 31(j. It will be supposed that the line of battle ought to be established in front of the third, and that it is intended to deploy on this battalion ; the general will cause two markers to be placed before the first division of the designated battalion, and order two mounted officers to place themselves, re- spectively, a little beyond the points at which the right and left battalions will arrive ; he will then command : 1. Line of battle on the third hattaVwn. 317. This having been repeated, the first and second battalions, which are in front of the line of battle, will face by the rear rank ; which being exe- cuted, the general will add : 2. By battalion in mass, on the third baltalion, deploy column. 3. March (or double-quick — March). 318. At the second command, the colonel of the GO EVOLUTIONS or A IJRIGADK — PART IV. third will caution his battalion to stand fast. The colonels of the second and fourth -will each command : Battalion^ left — Fack. The colonel of the first will command: 1. Gtdde rif/h(. 2. Battalion, Ir/l wheel. 319. At the command march, the deployment will commence; the colonel of the thiril will aliun liis bat- talion by the left. The other battalions will regulate themselves in conformity with the principles pre- scribed No. 295 and following. The markers, placed in the line by the lieutenant-colonels to mark the places where the battalions which have faced by the rear rank are to cross the line of battle, will be a little more than a division distance apart, in order that the battalions can pass. 320. The battalions which have faced by the rear rank will cross the line of battle between the mark- ers, and when the first division of each battalion has passed the line three paces, the colonel, who will have remained in front of that line, will halt the battalion, and face it by the front rank ; the two guides of the first division, and the covering sergeant of its left company, will place themselves on the line of battle, and will be assured in their positions by the lieuten- ant-colonel ; which being executed, the colonel will cause the battalion to be aligned by the left. 321. The movement ended, the general will com- mand : 4. Guides— Vos'\:s>. 322. If, in establishing the line of battle on the third, the general shall wish to deploy the column on any other, say the second battalion^he will command : 1. Line of haitle on the third battalion. 2. Bj/ battal- ion in ?»«.<:.«, on the second battalion, deploy column, 3. March (or double-quick — !RIakcii). KVOLUTIOXS OF A BUIGADK — PART IV. 61 323. This movement will be executed according to the principles just prescribed, but observing what follows. 324. The markers whom the general will cause to be established before the third battalion to serve as the basis of alignment, will be far enough apart to permit the battalion on which the deployment is made to pass between them. 32.'). At the first command the first and second battalions, which are in advance of the line of battle, will face by the rear rank. 326. At the second command, the colonel of the second will caution his battalion to stand fast. The colonels of the third and fourth will each command : Battalion., left — Face. The colonel of the first will command : 1. Guide right. 2. Battalion.! left loheel. 327. As soon as the second battalion is unmasked, it will march; cross the line of battle, and when the first division has passed three paces beyond, the colonel will halt the battalion, face it by the front rank, and align it by the left. 328. When the third battalion has gained, in march- ing by the flank, the twenty-two paces which ought to separate it from the second, its colonel will halt it, face it to the front, and establish it on the line of battle. 329. The other battalions will be deployed as in the preceding examples. 2d. Faced to the rear. 330. When the general shall wish to deploy the column faced to the rear, he will cause it to execute the countermarch, and then deploy it by the com- mands and means prescribed for deploying faced to the front. 62 EVOLUTIONS OF A BlUGADK — rAllT IV. 3d. Faced to the left. 331. A closed column, right in front, having to deploy by battalion in niat;s, faced to the left, will execute the movement in the following manner: 332. Tlie general will first determine the line of battle on the right Hank of the column, then cause the battery to leave the column, and the interval be- tween the first and last three battalions to be closed up. He will then command : 1. Deploy faced to the left. 2. By hattalion in mass, change direction hy the right flunk. 333. This having been repeated, each colonel will command : Battalion, right — Face. 334. The general will then add : 3. March (or double-quick — March). 335. At this, briskly repeated, each battalion will execute a change of (lirection as indicated in the >S^. B., No. 365 and following, except that the chief of the first division of each battalion will place himself on the right of his division, after having aligned it. 336. The movement being ended, the general will command : 4. Guides — Posts. 337. A column, left in front, will be deployed by battalion in mass, faced to the right, according to the same principles. 4th. Faced to the rujht. 338. A closed column, right in front, having to EVOLuri ONS OF A BRiCADE /•/. 7 -' \ s^K^ ^'J !lli »! 331331 I'lO J. t/^ fi-rst denMccjuoro, 2>y h/siiikxZiaK in. ttulss op^ the, favjrik laJ^oJjuxn,, oLa-pSloy colujntTu > iLliJItiii^' r^j z. EVOLUTIONS OF A IJRIGADE — PART IV. 63 deploy by battalion in mass, faced to the rlixlit, it will change direction by tlie left flank, and then deploy by the means and commands above indicated ; but as this movement is much longer than the preceding one, the general may, when circumstances reciuirc it, deploy the column by inversion, according to the principles prescribed for deploying faced to the left, observing what follows. 339. The general will first determine the line of battle on the left flank of the column, order out the battery, and close the intervals, as prescribed No. 332, and will then command : 1. Deploy hi/ inversion faced to the right. 2. By bat- talion in juass, change direction by the left flank. 3. March (or double-quick — March). 340. This movement will be executed according to the principles prescribed Xo. .335. 341. The deployment being ended, the general will add : 4. Guides — Posts. 342. The battalions being thus placed by inversion, the masses will be deployed into line of battle in the direct order, when each battalion will be, in respect to the others, in the inverse, while it's own subdivis- ions are in the direct order. 343. A closed column, left in front, will be deploy- ed by inversion faced to the left, according to the same principles. bth. Oblique to the front or rear. 344. If the column is so oblique to the line of bat- tle as to require any considerable Vnovement of the whole column in order to establish a perpendicularity, 64 EVOLUTIONS OF A BKIGADE — PART IV. the firenoral will cause the line to be marked oblique to the column. 345. The deplo)ments will be executed as prescrib- ed No. 292 and Ibllowing, observing what follows. 34(5. The battalions next to the one of I'orniation will be governed in their movements by the direction of the line of battle. REMARKS OX TIIH MOVEMKNTS OF THE BATTALIONS OF THE SECOND LINK. 347. In taking wheeling distance preliminary to forming to the left or right into line of battle, in wheeling to the left or right into line, and in all the formations from column into line, if it is the intention of the general that the brigade shall be formed in two lines, he will, previously to the commencement of the movement, direct the colonels of the battalions con- stituting the second line to move them out of the column, whence they will be marched to their proper positions in rear of the first line, under the direction of their chiefs. UEMAUKS 0\ THE DISPOSITION OF THE BRIGADE BATTERY IN FORMATIONS FROM COLUMN INTO LINE. 348. In the successive formations from cofttmn into line, the brigade battery will generally take post on the flank of the brigade, and nearest the point d'apjnii of the formation. 349. It will endeavor to bring an oblique fire on the enemy, and will, if possible, silence the opposing ar- tillery, before commencing fire on the infantry masses. Movements which may be executed by a line of bat- talions in masses. Ist. The advance in line. 350. The line being deployed by battalion in mass, ■/r /I iS f; I f, A D -.iiciT. (-0 irat T-.ttnc A " :^6 8 /'id / I ^ I ''!'''ri'i'iVi To iulvocV'te OT. Ivne of hciMacluons Tojtloy h,rit, ormo^isut iVi'i'iVi'l'i KVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART IV. 65 "when the general shall wish it to advance he will designate the directing battalion (the third will here be supposed), then place himself in front of this bat- talion, verifying the direction of its guides in respect to their perpendicularity to the line of battle, rectify the direction, if necessary, and command: 1. The third the battalion of direction. 351. At this, the lieutenant-colonel of the directing battalion will place himself twenty-five or thirty paces in front of the guides, face to them, and establish him- self correctly on their prolongation ; the general, placing himself in rear of those guides, will verify the position of the lieutenant-colonel, rectify it, if necessary, and then command : 2. Battalions^ forward. 352. This having been repeated, the colonel of the directing battalion will conmiand : Guide left, and the other colonels, Guide left (or rir/ht), according as they may find themselves to the right or left of thQ direct- ing battalion. 353. At this command, the right general guide of the directing battalion will place himself six paces in front of his left guides ; the lieutenant-colonel will establish him on the perpendicular, and as soon as assured in that position, he will take points on the ground in conformity with what is prescribed in the ;S. B., No. G51. 354. The chief of the first division of the battal- ion to the left of the directing one will pass to the left of his division, taking post in the front rank, and the guide of that flank will fall back to the rear rank. 355. The lieutenant-colonel of every subordinate battalion will indicate to the guide of its headmost division the direction he ought to follow, and this guide will immediately take his points on the ground. li., No. 667 and following. 360. The other divisions will conform themselves to the rules for the marcdi in column. 361. The colonels will hold themselves on the flanks of their respective battalions, each on the side of direction, and superintend the movement. 2d. To huh the Hue, viarchiiig in advance, and to alitjn it. 362. The line being in march, when the general shall wish to halt it, he will command : 1. Battalions. 2. Halt. EVOLUTIONS OV A BRIGADE — PART IV. 67 363. The line being halted, if the general wish to oive a general alignment, he will place two markers before the directing battalion, and then command : 1. Guides on the line. 364. At this, the lieutenant-colonel of each sub- ordinate battalion will place two markers before its head on the alignment of those established by the general ; and the chief of each first division will pass to the ilank of his division on the side of the direc- tion. 365. As soon as the markers arc correctly estab- lished en the line of battle, the colonels, without re- gulating themselves on each other, will align their battalions by the flank of direction in the manner prescribed No. 295. 366. The battalions being aligned, the general will command : 2. Guides — Posts. ocl. The Hue marching in adcance, to cause it to change direction, 36 7. The line being in march, it is supposed that the general wishes to cause it to change direction to the right ; he will go to the point at which he may wish tbe right of the new line to rest, and place two markers, one at the point d'appui, the other at divis- ion distance from the first. 868. These dispositions being made, the general will command ; 1. Change direction to the right. 369. This having been repeated, the colonel of the 68 EVOLUTIONS OF A BUIGADE — PART IV. first battalion will command : 1. Guile Irft : 2. Bat- talion, 7-if/lif iclied : at this command, the chief of the first division will place himself belore the centre of his division. 370. The other colonels will each command : (InUle rifjht : at this command, the chief of eacli first divis- ion will place himself before its centre. 371. The general will then add : 2. March (or douhle-quick — Maucii). 372. At the command march, briskly repeated, the first battalion will change direction by wheeling, ac- cording to the principle i)rescribed in the S. 7i., No. 348 and following; its colonel will cause it to wheel until its front is parallel to the line of battle ; he will then conduct it forward, halt it three paces from this line, and align it by the right. 373. The other battalions will be marched toward the line of battle, each executing in succession slight changes of direction to the right, so that, on arriving at twenty paces from that line, the headmost division may be parallel to it ; to this end, the leading guide, advancing insensibly the left shoulder, will direct himself circularly to the right; the other guides Avill follow his movement in marching exactly in his trace, and the divisions will each conform itself to the movement of its guide as prescribed No. 154. 374. At the commencement of the movement, the lieutenant-colonel of the second battalion will place himself on the line of battle, and immediately es- tablish a marker at twenty-two paces from the left flank of the first battalion, and another at division distance from the first, and at the instant of detach- ing himself he will be replaced at the head of the column by its senior major, 375. The lieutenant-colonels of the other battal- EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART IV. 69 ions win successively conform themselves to what has just been prescribed for the lieutenant-colonel of the second ; each will precede his battalion on the line of battle by about lifty-five paces. 376. The movement ended, the general will add : 3. Guides — Posts. 377. Chanires of direction to the left will be exe- cuted according to the same principles and by inverse means. 378. It is essential that the battalion on which the movement is made should arrive perpendicularly to the line of battle; to this end, and conformably to the principle established in the S. B., No. 352, the colonel of this battalion will cause the step of the pivot to be j^hortened, if this should become neces- sary ; and if, notwitlistanding this piecaution, some of the divisions be not able to conform themselves exactly to the movement of the first, they will, on halting the battalion, be promptly conducted by the flank into the true direction before the battalion is aligned. 4th. To march the line in retreat. 379. The line being at halt, when the general shall wish it to march in retreat he will command : Face by the rear rank. 380. This having been repeated, the battalions will face in the manner indicated in the S. B., Xo. 1 ,223 and following; the chief of the fourth (or last) divis- ion of each battalion will place himself on the left of 10 KVOI.UTIONS Ol' A lUtKiADK — I'AKT IV. his division in the rear rank, now become the front rank, and the cdiief of cacdi first division will place himself be-fore its centre. 381. These dispositions being executed, the gener- al will designate the directing battalion, and cause the direction to be traced as under the first head, to advance in line, No. 350, and then command : 1. Battalions, forward. 382. This having been repeated, the colonel of the directing battalion will command : Guide right, and the other colonels, Guide left (or right), according as they may find themselves to the lelt or right of the directing battalion. 383. The general will then add : 2. March {ov douUe-quick — March). 384. The line will march in retreat according to the principles presciibed for marching in advance. 385. The line in march can be marched in retreat without halting by the commands and means indicat- ed No. 380 and following, observing what follows. The command, Right about, will be substituted for the command, Face by the rear rani; and the com- mand, Battalions, forward, will be omitted. 38G. The general having halted the line, and wishing to face it by the front rank, will command : Face hij the front rank. 387. This having been repeated, each battalion will face by the front rank ; which being executed, the chief of the first division will retake his place in EVOLUTIONS OF A BUIGADK — PAKT IV. 71 5th. To chani/c direction of I lie line marchimj in retreat. 388. The line marcliing in retreat will change di- rection by the same means and commands as if it wore advancing, observing what follows: 38!). It is supposed that the general wishes to change direction to the left ; he will place two mark- ers on the new direction, the first at the point (Vappui^ and the second at such distance from the first that the battalion may easily pass between them. 390. The first battalion will be conducted to and established on the new direction, as indicated Nos. 368 and 372 ; but it will cross the line of battle ; and when the first division has passed three paces beyond, the colonel will halt the battalion and face it by the front rank. 301. As soon as the battalion faces, the guides of the first division will place themselves on the line of battle, and be assured in their positions by the lieu- tenant-colonel ; which being done, the colonel will align the battalion by the right. 392. The otlier colonels will each direct his bat- talion so that it may arrive, when at twenty paces, parallelly to the line of battle; he will then cause it to pass that line, betAveen the two markers placed in advance by the lieutenant-colonel in the manner in- dicated No. 389. When the first division has passed three paces beyond tlie lino, the battalion will be halted, faced by the front rank, and aligned as pre- scribed for the first. 393. A line of battalion masses, left in front, will march and change direction, advancing and re- treating, according to the same principles and inverse means ; the fourth or last division of each mass will conform itselt to what is prescribed ibr the first, and reciprocally. 72 EVOLUTIONS OF A BUIGADK — PART IV. &th. To break the line formed hy battalion in maaa, into column. 394. The line beln/r at a halt, when the general shall Avish to break it to the right into column by battalion, he will command : 1. Bi/ batlalion, right in front, into column. 395. This having bcch repeated, the lieutenant- colonel of each battalion Avill place a marker before the left guide of its first division, and a second at division distance from the first, in a direction perpen- dicular to the line of battle. 39G. At the same time, each colonel will com- mand : 1. Change, direction hy the left flank : 2. Bat- talion, left — Face. 397. These dispositions being made, the general will add : 2. March (or double-quick — March). 398. At this, each battalion will change direction by the means indicated in the 6'. B. 7th. To ploi/ the line of masses into culnmn. 399. When a line of battalions in mass has to be ployed into column, as the battalions, by reason of their depth and the smallness of the intervals be- tween them, can not be directed diagonally toward the points at which they ought respectively to enter the column, the movement will be executed in the following manner: 400. It will be supposed that tlie line ought to be ployed on the third battalion, right in front ; the general will place himself in front of this battalion, EVOLUTIONS OF A IlIUGADK — PART IV. 73 and aftt-r assuring liiniself that tbe guides are cor- rectly placed, he will command : 1. By battalion in 7nass, on the third battalion, right in front, into column. 2. March (or double-quick — March). 401. At the first command, each colonel who finds himself to the right of the directing battalion will command: 1. Column, forward. 2. Guide left. 402. The colonel to the left of the directing battal- ion will give the same commands, afler causing his battalion to face about. 403. At the command march, the movement will commence ; the first and second battalions will march to the front, and when the last division of the second battalion shall have passed division distance beyond the first division of the third, the colonel will cause his battailion to face to the left, in marching, in order to take its place in column ; Avhen the left guides, arrive on the direction of those of the third, the colonel of the second will halt it, and cause it to face to the front. 404. At the moment of halting, the left guides, facing to the rear, will place themselves on the pro- longation of those of the third battalion ; and the lieutenant-colonel, placed in their rear, will assure them on the direction ; which being done, the colonel will cause his battalion to be aligned by the left, and then order the guides fo face about. 405. The colonel of the first battalion will conform himself to what has just been prescribed for the colonel of the second, as his last division has passed division distance beyond the front rank, first division, of the battalion which entered the column next be- fore his own. 40G. The fourth battalion will enter the column in C 74 EVOLUTIONS OF A BKIGADE — PART IV. like manner; the colonel of the fourth will cause it to fac(; to the left in marching, when its first division has passed division distance beyond the rear rank, last division, of the third battalion, and he will halt his battalion when its left guides are on the direction of those of the third. 407. At the moment of halting, the guides of the fourth Avill promptly place themselves on the pro- longation of those of the third battalion, and the lieutenant-colonel will assure them on that direction ; which being done, the colonel will cause his battalion to be aligned by the left. 408. A line of masses will be ployed into column, left in front, according to the same princi[)les and by inverse means. 409. If the line of battalions in mass are in march, the column can be formed either in rear of the first or last battalion of the line, without halting, by the commands and means prescribed No. 391) and follow- ing, and by the principles indicated No. 199 and following, S. B.^ observing what follows. The bat- talions to the right or left of the one of formation will lace by the k;ft or right fiank, instead of facing about, and each will take its place in column as soon as able to pass. KKMAUKS ox FOnJriNO A COLUMN CI.OSRD IN MASS, FROM A MM-: OK BATTALIONS IN MASS. 410. If it is found expedient to give a greater con- centration to the troops, the general may Ibrm the whole column closed in mass, with a distance of but six paces between the division guides. 8^//. To take deplmjiiuj intcrcah from a line formed by bat- talions ill maas. 411. The line being at a halt, when the general Evo c(jr/OA/s or A b^^ga 0£: B y haJttaJ^BV^ -LTi mAiUi ,071 Fvrat ^ V--^ bcLttoUUuit, laJk*. dtJiiojcnM t,rCterya.lt / «1M nrrrm 4^ 1 '^'^ - ^ ^^ ^ ^B Jf" 4 ZO ^ ^S ^ ^^ ^ rVrrrTrfi EVOLUTIONS OF A BRKJADE — PART IV. « '» shall wish to take deploying intervals by battalion in mass, on any battalion, say the third, he will eausc two markers lo be placed in front of that battalion, a little less than division distance apart, and three paces in front of the line ; hO will then cause the line to be prolonjred, to the right and left, by the means prescribed No. 291. 412. These dispositions being made, the general will command : 1. Bij battalion in mass, on the third battalion, take deploying intervals. 2. March (or double-quick — March). 413. At the first command the colonel of the third will caution his battalion to stand fast; the colonels of the first two battalions will command : 1. Right face ; 2. Battalion, forward, guide left. The colonel of the fourth will command: 1. Left face; 2. Bat- talion, forward, guide right. 414. At the command march, briskly repeated, the colonel of the third Avill establish his battalion on the markers in front, dressing it to the left, in the manner prescribed No. 295 ; the first, second, and fourth bat- talions will put themselves in march by the flanks, and ' when each of the battalions on the right of the direct- ing one separates itself from the battalion on its left, a distance equal to twenty-two paces and the front of three divisions, its colonel will halt it, face it to the front, and dress it to the left upon the markers which have been established by the lieutenant-colonel. 415. The colonel of the fourth, when he has sepa- rated his battalion a like distance from the third, will halt it, face it to the front, and dress it to the right upon the markers, as indicated above. 410. The lieutenant-colonels of the battalions, other than the third, will each establish for his battalion two 7G EVOLUTIONS OK A DlilGADr: — I'A K T IV. markers on the line of battle, in the manner indicated No. 2u9. 417. The movement being ended, the general will command : 3. Guides — Posts. 418. If, however, it should be the wish of the gen- eral to establish the battalions in mass, at deploying intervals, on a line of battle in front of the present one, either parallel or ohllque to it, he will establish two markers to indicate where the battalion of direc- tion, say the third, shall rest, and cause the line of battle to be marked, as prescribed Xo. 291. 420. These dispositions being made, the general will then command : 1. Bi/ hatfalion in )na!aftalion into column, and to cause the line to march in this order, -preserving between every two battalions the interval necessary for deployment. 508. The general wishing to ploy or to break each battalion into column doubled on the centre or into simple column, either by division or by com- pany, will command : 1. Movement ly battalion. 500. This having been repeated, the general will give the commands of caution prescribed in the S. B. for the particular formation into column which he may desire to have executed. 510. These commands having been repeated, each colonel will give the preparatory commands required for the particular movement indicated by the general. 511. The general will then add: 2. March (or douhU-quick — March). to lie to ia3 er- he I of cc- l: ion his ;ab- ,he ace lion lace xme les- tion fthe will )tlier £^0 LUr/of/S OrA Bf^/04O£ -^ -i -en illL. ^ ill'' ..J ■vj'jiia'-'" ^- ^iir"'*-^!! --e -=g^., No. Col ; the lieutenant-colonel ■will then fall back to the side of his lu'admost guide. 520. The chief of each leading division -will take post in the front rank of his division, on the (lank opposite to that of direction, and the guide who was there will fall back into the rear rank. 521. .The senior major will place himself in rear of the guides charged with the direction. 522. These dispositions being made, the general will add : 3. March (or (Jouhle-quick — !Marcii). 523. At this, repeated with the utmqst rapidity, the line will step oiF with life. 524. The right general guide of each battalion will direct his march perpendicularly to the fiont, and the leading guide will follow exactly in his trace. 525. Tlu» chief of the leading division will main- tain himself abn^ast with his guide on the opjiosite flank, and see that the march of the division be in conformity with the principles prescribed in the 5. B.^ No. 667. The other divisions will conform them- selves to the rules for marching in column, 526. The lieutenant-colonel and senior major will conform themselves to what is prescribed in the »S^. B., Nos. 223-4. 527. Evf^ry colonel, placed on the side of direction, will superintend the march of his battalion In column and labor to preserve its interval. 528. As the directing battalion has to be regarded as infallible by all the others, the general will attach EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 95^ himself to it, aud with the jD:reatest care maintain the general guide and guides of'tliis battalion on the per- pendicular, -according to the principles established No. 440. 529. If the ilirection given to this battalion lias been badly chosen, the general will proijiptly per- ceive it by. the crowdings and openings among the fdes.of the headmost division, according to the side to which the guide deviates from the perpendicidar. Those irregularities, although l(jss sensible than they would be in a deployed battalion, will nevertheless sufficiently show that the false direction of the gen- eral guide ought to be promptly corrected. 530. Colonels of the subordinate battalions will look with so much the greater care to the preserva- tion of intervals, as a fi\ult committed in this respect will not be as promptly perceived as in a deployed line. 531. In every battalion the lieutenant-colonel will perform tlie duty attributed to the senior major in the 5. B., No. G71, as often as the colonel may wish to ch.ange the point of direction. 532. The line of battalions in columns being in march, when a subordinate battalion encounters an obstacle, this battalion will turn it in a manner so as to deviate tli^?. least from the direction it ought to follow, and take the double-quick step as prescribed in the S. B., No. 7G1, in order to return into line as soon as the obstacle is passed. When again in line, the battalion will be careful to re-establish its- inter- val by insensible degrees. 533. If it be an interior battalion that has to exe- cute the passage of an. obstacle, the next battalion toward the side of the direction will take care to keep a double interval until the former battalion comes a2ain into line. , 'JG KVOI.UTIONS OF A BRLGADK — PART V. nEMAUKS ON THE MARCH OF A LINE OF BATTALION COLUMNS WITH ni:i'i,r>vi>-o intervals. 534. It has been supposed above that the battal- ions of the line were ployed into double columns; but the rules just prescribed are equally applicable to a line of battalion columns formed in any other manner. o35. When the battalions of the line are in simple columns, the directing battalion will take the guide to the left or right, according as it may have the right or letl in front, and the subordinate battalions will take the guide on the side next to the directing bat- talion. 536. With the right in front, the right general guide in each battalion will be charged with its "di- rection ; the left general guide in the reverse case. 537. If the battalions be in masses, each colonel will hold himself, pending the march, at thirty paces in the rear of his battalion, on the prolongation of its guides ; the columns being at half-distance, each colo- nel will hold himself on the flank of his column on the side of the direction. 2d. To halt the line of cohimnn, and to deploy it. 538. A line of.battalions in columns will be halted by the same commands as a line of battalions de- ployed. 539. The line being at a halt, if it be the wish of the general to give a general alignment, he will con- form himself to what is prescribed No. 363 and fol- lowing. 540. If the battalions be in columns at half-Jistance, and the general shall wish to deploy them, he will halt the line by these commands : U7 dde- will the :bey tbe sub- ploy itcd, the bat- ould .ove- iples ig to al to 1 es- front lion ; icers \ated :)ther .ispo- EvoLuri oni OP ^ m\\ 111 ■5^ e 11 fi im %iyc '11 i I iTlDy — : -ctj EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 1)7 1. Columns, close in mass. 2. March for double- quick — March). 511. At the command march, each battalion -will close up on its leading subdivision. 542. The line being halted and aligned, if it be the wish of the general to deploy the battalions, and they are in double columns, he will command : 1. Deploy columns. 2. March for double-quick — March). 543. If the battalions be in simple columns, the general will, in his first command, designate the sub- division on which each battalion ought to deploy itself. 544. In both cases the movements will be executed, in every battalion, in the manner prescribed in the school of the battalion. 545. If the general does not wish to halt the bat- talion columns when they close in mass, and should he also wish to deploy while on the march, the move- ments will be executed according to the principles prescribed in the S. D. ?>d. The line of columns marching in advance, to cause it to vhanr/c direction. 546. A line of battalions in columns, marching to the front, and it being the wish of the general to cause it to change direction to the right, he will es- tablish two markers on the new line of battle in front of the position to be occupied by the right battalion ; he will at the same time charge two mounted officers to determine successively, in the manner indicated No. 264 and following, the points at which the other battalions ought respectively to arrive ; these dispo- sitions made, he will command : 8 P8 EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 1. Change direction to the rir/ht. 2. Maucji (or dotihle- qiuck — March). 547. The first command hivinfj been ropoatod, each colonel will cause, liis battalion to take the iruide to tlie right, it" that be not already the dircctint; flank; at the same time the chief of the leading di- vision in each battalion will place himself before the centre of his division, and the general guide, charged ■with the direction, will retire. If the columns be closed in mass, the colonel of the first battalion will cause his battalion to take the guide to the left. 548. At the conmiand march, the colonel of the right battalion will cause it to change direction to the right, and then direct it against the two markers placed by the general ; when its leading division is at three paces from the markers, the colonel will halt the battalion ; if the rear divisions have not yet entered the new direction, their chiefs will promptly bring them into it, and as soon as they are established on it the colonel will align the battalion by the right. 54!). Each of the other colonels will direct his bat- talion toward the new line of battle, so that its leading division may be, when at a distance etjual to the depth of a column, parallel to that line ; to this end, the colonel will cause the guides of this division to ad- vance, insensibly and successively, the left shoulder; and when this guide has arrived at three paces from the line of battle the colonel will halt the battalion, and cause it to be aligned by the right. 550. At the beginning of the movement, the lieu- tenant-colonel of the second battalion will place him- self on the line of battle, and replace the mounted officer whom the general had sent thither ; he will im- mediately establish two markers for the head of his battalion, the first at deploying distance from the bat- talion to the right, and the second at division distance EVOLUTIONS or A nRIGADK — PAKT V. 99 iVom tlic first; tlie liciitonant--colonel of each of the other battalions will place himself in like manner on the line of batlb, when the head of his battalion is at a hundred paces from this line. 551. The last battalion column being established on the line, the general will command : 3. Guides — Posts.' 552. Changes of direction to the left will be ex- ecuted according to the same principles and by in- verse means. 553. l\^ the general shall wish to cause the columns to deploy, he will give the order to that eftect to the colonels, who will cause their battalions to close up in halting, and then deploy them. 4.^/*. To cause the line of columns to march in retreat. 554. A line ofbattalions, in columns, being halted, when the general shall wish to cause it to march in retreat he will command : 1. Face by the rear rank. 555. This having been repeated, each battalion will face by the rear rank; the chief of the last division of each battalion will place himself in the rear rank, become the front on the side opposite to that of the direction ; the chief of each first di- vision wiil take his place in the column. bbQ. The line being thus faced by the rear rank, it will be put in march by the same commands and means as a line ofbattalions in columns faced by the front rank, observing to establish markers before the directing battalion, according to the principles pre- scribed in the S. B., No. 734. 100 EVOLUTIONS OF A RnKJADF — PART V. 557. The line marchin<> in retreat -will conform itself to the principles prescribed for a line of battal- ions in columns marching in advance. bth. To halt the line of columns marching in retreat, and to align it. 558. The line marcliins;in retreat will be halted by the same commands as if it were marching in ad- vance ; and when the general shall wish to face it about he will command : 1. Face hij the front raid: 559. This having been repeated, each battalion will be faced by the front rank ; the chief of the first division in each will retake his place in line, and the chief of each last division his in column. C)th, The line of columnH inarching in retreat, to cause it to change direction. 5G0. The line, marching in retreat, will change direction l)y the same commands and means as if it marched by the front rank, observing what follows: 5(j1. The two markers established by the general before the position to be occupied at halting by the first battalion, instead of being opposite to the right and left files respectively of the leading division, will be far enough apart to permit this battalion to cross the line of battle between them, and the same of the markers established for the other battalions. 562. Eaidi colonel will direct his battalion toward the line of battle as prescribed for a change of direc- tion forward, and so that all its divisions may be parallel to this line before passing it ; when the first division, now in the rear, is thi-ee paces beyond the line, the colonel will halt the battalion and face it by EVOLUTIONS OK A IJRIGADI': — PART V. 101 the front rank ; the fjuides of the first division will place themselves on the line between tlie two mark- ers ; and as soon as they are assui'ed in their positions by the lieutenant-colonel, the colonel will align the battalion by the right. 5G3. The general, if it be his wish to deploy the columns, will give a caution to that effect to the colonels, who, in halting, will each cause his battal- ion to close nj) on its leading division as soon as the latter has passed the line of battle by a distance equal to the depth of the column and three paces more ; he will then face the battalion by the front rank and deploy it. 5G4. The line of battalion columns, in march, can be marched in retreat without halting, as prescribed No. oS^). The colonel of each. battalion will see that his interval is maintained. 7th. To close the iiitervali of a line of columns. 565. The line of columns, either simple or double, being at a halt, if the general should wish to close the intervals between them to twenty-two paces, on any battalion, say the third, he will cause two markers to to be placed in front of that battalion, as indicated No. 411. 5G6. These dispositions being made, the general will command : 1. On the third battalion, clone intervals. 2. March (or double-quick — March). 567. At the fii'st command, the colonel of the third will caution his battalion to stand fast; the colonels of the first two battalions will command : 1. Left face. 2. Battalim. form ird, r/uile rir/ht. The colonel of the fourth will command: 1. Right face. 2. Battalion, forward^ guide left. 102 KVOI.UTIONS OK A BRIG ADU— PART V. oGS. At tlie command march, hriskly rcpeatod, tho colonel of tlie thiid -will establish his battalion as prescribed No. 295, the others will march t'lit'ir bat- talions straight-forward, and havinji closed the inter- val which should separate them from the battalion on their left or right respectively, to twenty-two paces,, will each halt his battalion, lace it to the front, and di-ess it on the markers established by the lieutenant- colonels. 569. The lieutenant-colonels of the battalions, other than the third, will execute what is prescribed No. 416. 570. The movement being ended, the general will command : 3. Guides — Posts. 5 71. These battalions may again be made to re- sume their positions in line of battle, with deploying intervals, by the commands and means prescribed No. 411 and following. 5 72. A line of battalions in mass can be closed or opened while on a march by the commands and means prescribed No. 5G5 and following, and No. 41 1 and following, observing what follows. The line Avill not be niaiked in advance, and the colonels on the right and left of the directing battalion will estab- lish their battalions at the proper intervals, by caus- ing them to oblique to the right or left, as the case may be. Article VIII. March in line of battle, of a line of deployed battal- ions, by the flanks of companies. 5 73. A line of deployed battalions, either at a lialt or in march, will advance or retire by the flanks of EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. ' lOS companies, by the commands prescribed, and accord- ing to the means indicated No. 507 and Ibllowing. 5 74. The line thus formed, either at a halt or on a march, advancing or retiring, will be reformed by the commands prescribed in tlie *S'. B., No. 150 and follow- ing, and means indicated No. 507 and following, of these evolutions. Articlk IX. Mai'ch in line of battle, of a line of battalions formed in division columns. 575. A deployed line, either in a halt or on the march, will advance or retire, in division columns, by the commands and means indicated No. 507 and fol- lowing. 576" Double columns will be formed from the divis- ion columns, and reciprocally, as prescribed in the school of the battalion. The division columns will deploy, as prescribed in the same school. HEMARKS ON TlIK PISPOSITIOX OT THE ARTILLERY WITH LINES OF BATTLE. 577. If the march is in line, without the active sphere of battle, the brigade battery will follow the movement in its place ; but if a position is to bo attack- ed, the battery will cover the march of the troops, engage the enemy, and prepare for the attack. Article X. To pass a defile in front. 578. A deployed line encountering, in advancing, a defile which it has to pass, will execute the move- ment as follows ; 104 * EVOLUTIONS OK A IJUIGADK — I'AUT V. 579. It will be supposed that the defile is opposite to the interval between the second and third battal- ions, and that its width is sufficient to give passa^re to the front of a company ; the general, seeing that the line has arrived near the defile, will halt it, and com- mand : 1. I'o pass (lejile in fronts hy (lie rigid of (he third bal- ialiun. 2. Bi/ platoori, left and right, into column. 580. These commands having been repeated, the colonels of the first two battalions will each command : Bg platoon, left tvheel, and the other colonels: By platoon, right tvheel. 581. The general will then add : 3. March (or double-quipk — March). 582. At this, briskly repeated, the battalions will break by platoon to the left or right. 583. The battalions having broken, the general will cause two markers to be placed at the points around which tlie two columns oUght to turn in order to enter the defile; the markers will be posted a lit- tle more than the front of a company apart. The general will then command : 4. Column, forward. \ 584. This having been repeateil, each colonel \ whose battalion has broken to the left will command: Guide right, and each whose battalion has broken to the right, Guide left. The general will now add : 5. March (or dtmhle-quick — March). 585. At this command, briskly repeated, the two iy±ki^Il±lL^LA_Bji3 A EVOLUTIONS OK A BRIGADE — PART V. 105 columns will march to meet each other, and when the two leadinir platoons have arrived opposite to the respective markers, they will turn, one to the right and the other to the left, in order to unite in the de- file ; at the moment of union they will take, by com- mand of their respective chiefs, the platoon on the right the guide to the left, and the. left platoon the guide to the right. 586. The two united platoons will march side by side, each regulating itself on the two guides placed elbow to elbow between them ; these guides will di- rect themselves by the defile. •587. The two next platoons, and, successively, all the others, wjll conform themselves to what has just been prescribed for the two leading platoons on com- ing up with the markers placed before the entrance of the defile. If tTiere is an odd battalion, it will form in simple column by company, behind the col- umn nearest to it. 588. The united platoons will pass the defile in the cadenced pace and with ranks closed, each reg- ulating itself on the two guides placed in the centre, who will march elbow to elbow exactly in the traces of, and at platoon distance from, the guides who im- mediately precede them. 589. In proportion as the two columns issue from the defile, each captain will reform his company as follows : in the right column, the first platoon, which is in rear of the second of the same company, will oblique to the right until it find itself unmasked, and then march forward ; in the left column, it will be the second platoon of each company, which will oblique to the left, and then march up abreast with its first. 590. If it be the wish of the general, after passing the defile, to reform the line, he will, immediately after passing, place himjelf in advance at the dis- 106 KVOLTTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. tanco to wlilcli he may -wish to establish the line of battle, and ])lace two markers on this line for the head of the right column, and the two others for the head of the left, leaving the interval of twenty-two pa(;es between the two colunms. 591. The head of the column having passed the defde, the general will order the colonels of the sec- ond and third battalions to diiect them resj)ectively on the markers whicdi he has established ; and when the leading subdivision of each of these battalions has arrived at three paces from the line of battle, each colonel will cause his battalion to close in mass in halting, and dejjloy their battalions, the second on its last, and the third on its first subdivision^ o92. The colonels of the first and fourth will each, as the head of his battalion issues from the defile, cause it to change direction, th5 first to the right and the fourth to the left, and then direct it perpen- dicularly toward the line of battle — the first at twenty-two paces from the right of the second, and the foui-th the same distance from the left of the third. In halting, at three paces from that line, each battalio4i will be closed in mass on its leading com- pany, and will then be deployed, the first on its last and the fourth on its first subdivision. 593. If, instead of re-establishing the line, as in the preceding exam])le, it be the wish of the general to rest one of the wings, say the right, at the defile, he will cause both columns to take the guide to the right, and halt them the instant that the first eomV pany of the first battalion in the right column issues from the defile; this column, composed of the first and second battalions, will then be formed io the rif/hf^ and the left column, composed of the third and fourth battalions, will close to half-distance in march- ing, and form on the r'ujht into line of battle. 594. If it be the left wing that is to rest at the de- KVOLUTIONS or A BRIOADE — PART V. 107 file, tlie line may be formed according to the same l)rincii)les and by inverse means. REMARKS ON THE PASSAGE OF DEFILKS IN ADVANCING. §95. The two columns beinjr formed by platoon, if the defile should widen suflicientTy, companies may be formed in each column without waiting till the head has issued from the defile. 596. When a sudden narrowing of the defile shall oblige the chiefs of platoon to break off, for the mo- ment, one or two files to the rear, this diminution ot front, as an exception to the rule established in the .S. i>., No. 810, will be made from the side opposite to the guide. 597. If the defile be of suflicient width to receive the front of a division, the general, instead of causing the line to break Iby platoon, will cause it to break by company; but, in this case, the company that is to lead in each column, instead of wheeling, will march forward twice the extent of its front ; and when the columns are put in movement, these com- panies will close upon each other, marching by the Hank, in order to unite at the entrance of the defile. 598. If the defile be not of suflicient width to re- ceive the front of a company, it will be passed in simple column by platoon, right or left in frCnt. 599. The passage of defiles to the front will always be executed by the sr.bdi vision of the right, or that of the left of a battalion ; and when the defile hap- pens not to be exactly opposite to an interval betAveen two battalions, the leading subdivisions, after uniting, will direct themselves diagonally to- ward the entrance of the defile.. REM.vnKS ox Tin; pisposition op the companies op skir- mishers IN passing A defile TO THE FRONT. 0-600. Generally, the skirmishers of each battalion 108 EVOLUTIONS OK A lUUGADE — PAIM V. "Nvill precede their battalion companiei in passing a defile to tiie front. In this case, tlie companies of skirmishers of each battalion, under the command of the junior major, will pass the defile either by file, platoon, or company front, as the width may admit, those of the battalions nearest the defde passing first. 0-GOl. If, however, the skirmishers are required to pass the defile with their battalions, the first com- pany of each battalion will be posted in front or rear of its first-battalion company, closed up on that com- pany, and with a platoon or company front, as the column may be formed by platoon or company. The second company of skirmishers will be posted in like manner in front or rear of the last battalion com- pany. REMARKS ON TIIK PASSAGE OF THE nEFILE l.\ FRON'T BY THE SECOND LINE. C02. If the formation is in two lines, while the first line is passing the defile the general will cause each battalion of the second line to form by company or platoon, according to the manner in which the first line may have broken. After the first line has pass- ed the dwfile, the corresponding battalions of the sec- ond will pass in a similar manner. Article XI. To pass a defile in retreat. ^ 603. The line marching in retreat, and encounter- ing a defile which it • has to pass, the general will cause a halt, and face the line to the front. G04. It will be supposed that the defile is opposite to the interval between the two centre battalions, toon or oompaiiy front, as the by platoon or company. The rmishors will be posted in like ar of tlie last battalion tom- GE OF TUB PF-FII SECOXn LIXE. IS FROS-T nv 1 is in two lines, while the first ,e the general will cause each 1 line to form by company or ;he manner in which the first Ader the first line has pass- jponding battalions of the sec- ir manner. ncLE XL defile in retreat. ng in retreat, and encounter- bas to pass, the general will le line to the (ront. ied that the defile is opposite n the two centre battalions, KVOLUTIONS OF A URKIADE — PAIIT V. 109 and its width sufficient to cjive passage to the front of a company. The general will cause two markers to be placed at fifteen or twenty paces behind the file-closers, in front of the defile, and at a little more than company distance apart, in order to indicate to the two columns the points around which they ought to change direction to enter the defile ; which being executed, he will command : To the rear, by the tcingSy pass the defile. G05. This having been repeated, the colonel of the right battalion of the line will command : To the rear, hi/ the rif/htfiaid-, pass the defile ; and the colonel of tiie left battalion, To the rear, hij the left Jlank^ pass the defile. 606. The two battalions of the wings will imme- diately commence the movement in conformity with what is prescribed in the *S'. B., No. 790 and Ibllow- ing ; and when thfe leading platoon of each column has arrived opposite to the marker placed at the ])oint for changing direction, these two platoons will turn at the same time, one to the left and the other to the right, in (Trder to unite in the defile. To this end, if the head of one of the columns arrive before the other, it will wait for the head of the correspond- ing battalion before turning. As soon as the two platoons unite tliey will take, by command of their respective chiefs — the platoon, now on the left, the guide to the right, and the other 'the guide to the left; the remaining platoons of these two battalions will successively conform themselves to what has just been prescribed for those of the head, and the two columns will thus march together according to the principles indicated No. 586 and following, for the passage of a defile in front. 607. The other battalions will successivelv execute 110 E^()LUTI<)NS or A DUIGADK — PART V. the. same movement; the colonel of each will ^'ivo. one of the comm;ind3 prescribed No. 60.), aecording as his battalion has to ])a?s the. defile by the riiiht or leit Hank, and so that its leading j)latoon may follow, at the desired distance, the rearmost j)latoon of the battalion immediately preceding ; the battalions will enter thcdefiki side by side, as prescribed for the two battalions of the wings. G08. If the defde become of sufFicient width to give passage to a division marching by the front, each captain, as his platoons successively enter the en- larged width, will cause them to tbrm company ac- cording to the principles j)rescribed No. 580 ; other- wise, this movement will only be executed as each company issues from the defde. 600. If it be the wish of the general, after passing, to reform line facing to the defile, he will go either to the point at which he may wish the left of the first battalion to rest, or to the point at which he may wish the right of the fourth or last battalion to rest, and determine the direction of the new line of battle by establishing two markers, distant from each other a little more than the front of a subdivision ; he will then cause the line to be prolonged to the left and right by mounted officers. GIO. As each battalion clears the defile, it will break froni the column, and be directed toward the point at which it should cross the line of battle. Gil. Each battalion will close in mass while mai-ching, and be so directed as to arrive on t^ square with the line, and when four ])aces beyond it\ will be halted by the colonel, countermarched, and deployed, the first and second battalions on their last, and the third and fourth battalions on their first sub- divisions. G12. The lieutenant-colonel of each battalion will pi-e<'ede it, as prescribed in No. 2G9, and establish EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. Ill two markers, the first at deploying distance and twenty-two paces from the one on his riixht or left, as tlie formation is on the left or righ^-^— 'he soeond a little more than snlxiivision distance I'rom the first. 613. The defile, in the preceding exanij^le, has been supposed to l)e behind the centre of the line composed of an even number of battalions ; but it may frequently be otherwise. For instance : it may be that there are three battalions on the right, and only one on the left side of the defile. In this case the general would first send an order to the colonels of the first and second battalions to pass the defile in simple column in advance, and then, seizing the jn-oper time, give the command indicated No. G04, so that there may be no interruption in the movement. So, if the line present an odd number of battalions, a fiimilar course would be pursued in respect to the odd battalion on the riglit or left of the defile. 614. When the defile happens to be behind the right or left battalion of the line, the general Avill cause it to pass by a single wing: to this end, he will substitute in his command the indication hij the left wing or hjj the ru/ht ivitig, for that of hi/ the uu'nf/s. The movement •vill commence by the wing farthest from the defile, so that the battalion opposite to it may be the last to enter. UKM.VRKS ON THE DISPOSITIOX GV THE SKIRMISHUUS IN- PASSING THE DEFILE IN KETREAT. 0-G15. Jf it is not the intention of the general to open the fire of the line before passing the defile in retreat, the skirmishers will generally cover the re- treat, and not pass until the line has passed. If, on the contrary, the general intends to open the fire of the line, the skirmishers will generally pass the de- file previous to the line, those of the battalions near the defile passing first. 112 KVOI.UTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. REMARKS ON THE PASSINCr OF TniC DEFILE IN IlETllKAT BY TUB SKCOND LINE. 616. If the "formation is in two lines, the general will, accordiuii to the width of tlie doQle, and ])revious to passing the defile by the first line, cause ca'.-h bat- talion of the second line to take the formation indicat- ed No. 602. The battalions will then countermarch, and pass the defile previous to the first line, and as prescribed in the same paragraph. REMARKS ON THE 7>1SP0SITI0N OF THE ARTILLI'.RV IN PASS- ING DEFILE IN FRONT, OR IN RETREAT. 617. In passing the defile to the front, the battery will habitually follow immediately after the first two battalion columns that pass. 618. In passing defile in retreat, should a stand be made by the line at its entrance, the battery, or a por- tion of it, will generally take a position to assist in sustaining the line, and will pass the defiled immediately in front of the two last battalion columns. In case it is not intended that the line should make a stand, the battery will generally pass the defile in front of the battalion columns. The disposition of the battery must, however, depend greatly upon circumstances. AUTICLK XII. Changes of front. ^ Perpendicular changes of front. \st. Cliancjn of front foricnyd. 619. The line being deployed, and the general wishing to cause it to change front on the rigiit, he will first determine the direction of the new line ey06i/r/O//S Of- A BR/O/iDE OTvfhTsl 'bouttcd-vovy { 2{9 619] '% Mb !§ % ^ EVOLUTIONS OF A RRIGADE — rART V. 113 of battle, cause two markers lo be placed on it before the position to be occupied by the riiiht company, first battalion, and immediately cause this company to be established against those markers; he will at the same time charge two mounted officers to determine successively the points on the line at which the sub- ordinate battalions ought respectively to arrive, as indicated No. 265 and following. He will then com- mand : 1. Change, front furmard on the Jirst battalion. G20. This having been repeated, the colonel of the first will immediately cause his battalion to execute a chajige of front forward, as prescribed in the S. B., No. 832 and following. 621. Each of the other colonels will cause his bat- talion to ploy into double column, at company dis- tance ; which being executed, he will command: 1. Column^ forward ; 2. Guide right. 622. These dispositions being made, the general wjll add : 2. March (or double-quick— Mahcii). 623. At this, briskly repeated, the subordinate battalions u-ill put themselves in movement toAvard the line of battle ; the leading guide of each, advanc- ing the left shoulder, will so direct himself that, on aruiving at a point opposite to the right marker, placed in advance by the lieutenant-colonel, he may find himself at a distance from the line of battle equal to the depth of the column. ■624. The head of each battalion having arrived at this point will turn to the right, in order to march perpendicularly up to the line of battle, and when at three paces from this line its colonel will cause the column to close in mass and to deploy. 9 IM EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADK — PART V. 625. Each colonel will hold himself on the side of the direction, abreast with the leadinij division of his battalion, pending its march toward the line of battle. G2(). The lieutenant-colonels will place themselves in advance on the line, as prescribed No. 550, for changes of direction of a line of battalions in columns. 627. I'he line being formed, the general will com- mand : 3. Colors— Yosts. 628. A line will change front forward on its lefV., according to the same principles and by inverse means. 2d. Ch>nige affront to the rear. 620. To change front to the rear, on the right of the line, the general will cause the right company, iirst battalion, to be established on the new direction, and place two markers before this company, as pre- scribed in the .S'. B., No. 852 ; he will then commafid: 1. Change front to the rear., on the first battalion. 630. This having been repeated, the colonel of the first will immediately cause his battalion to execute a change of iVont to the rear, as prescribed in the /S. iJ., No. 854 and following. 631. Each of the other colonels will cause his bat- talion to ploy into double column at company distance, face it by the rear rank, and then command: l. Column., forward ; 2. Guide left. G32. These dispositions being made, the general will add : 2. March (or double-quick — March). K VOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADK — PART V. 115 6')3. This having been briskly repeated, the sub- ordinate battalions will put themselves in movement toward the line of battle ; the leading guide, advancing the riifht shoulder, will direet himself as prescribed No. 623, 634. The leading division of each battalion having arrived at a point opposite to the markers, will turn to the left in order to march up perpendicularly to the line of battle, then cross this line between the two markers placed in advance by the lieutenant-colonel ; and when the head of the battalion has passed the line a distance equal to its depth closed and three paces more, the colonel will cause the column to close in mass, to face by the front rank, r#.d to deploy. 635. The lieutenant-colonels will place themselves in advance on the line of battle, and establish upon it the two markers as prescribed No. 561. 636. Changes of front to the rear, on the left of the line, will be executed according to the same princi- ples and by inverse means. 3d. Central change of front. 637. The general wishing to change front on the third battalion, by throwing forward the left wing, will cause two markers to be placed on the direction he njay wish to give to the new line before the posi- tion to be occupied by the right company of that bat- talion, and then cause this company to be established against the markers ; he will, at the same time, order the colonel of the second to have the left company of his battalion conducted to and established on the same alignment, at twenty-two paces from the right of the third battalion. 638. These dispositions being made, the general will command ; lUJ KVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADK — I'AUT V. 1. Change front on the third battalion, left tcincj, for- icard. 2. Maucii (cr douhle^uick — March). 639. The colonel of the third will imuiLHliatcly cause liis battalion to execute a chan<:;e of front forward on it3 right company, and the colonel of the second a chano^e of front to the rear on the left company of liis battalion. 640. The battalion to the left of the third will exe- cute its movement as prescribed for the subordinate battalions in changes o^ fvowt forward on the right of the line, and the battalion to the right of the second will execute its movement as indicated ibr changes of front to the rear on the left battalion. 641. The general, wishing to throw the right wing forward instead of the Icfr, will take, as the basis of alignment, the left company of the second battalion, and command : 1. Change front on the second battalion, right wing^ for- ward. 2. March (or double-quick — March). 642. The second and the battalion to its right will execute a change of front forward, on the left of the second battalion. 643. The third and the battalion to its left will execute a change of front to the rear, on the right of the third battalion. Oblique changes of front. 644. Oblique changes of front will be executed aft- cording to the same principles as the perpendicular changes, but observing what follows : 645. The directing battalion will conform itself to what is prescribed in the S. B., No. 872 ; the subor- dinate battalions, after being ployed into double columns, will be directed toward the new line of battle EV'jiUn N c -' / 1 V1 ^ ^ ^- ' -c: > - - o j - - ca - - <3 ■i ^5 -*• -iFi f •% 1 ^ 1 ' a ! 1 i 1 ' *'^' nV i r^ 1 -^, I 5 EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 117 by the means indicated No. 549 or No. 562, accord- ing as their, change of front may be forward or to the rear. 64G. If the line is in march, the changes of front will be executed by the commands and means pre- scribed No. G19 and following, and by the principles indicated NiO. 844 and following, and 872 and follow- ing, 5". B, If the change is central, the battalions wliich should retire will halt at the commencement of the movement. REMARKS ON CHANGES OF FRONT. 647. In changes of front, the general will always take the right or left company of one of the battalions as the basis of the movement. Clianges of front of two lines. 648. If the formation is in two lines, the first will always execute its movements as if it were alone. The battalions of the second line, conducted by their colonels, will move to their proper posts, taking care to preserve their relative positions with the corres- pending battalions of the first line. Article XIH. Order in echelon. 649. Echelons may be formed parallelly or ob- liquely to the line of battle, either by the right or left of the line, and by battalion, or by two battalions, as •will be explained. Direct echelons in advancing. 650. The general wishing to form direct echelons by the right and by two battalions, will command : 118 r.VOLUTIONS OF A IJRIO ADK— I'AllT V. 1. Echelons hy fwo halialions^ at (so many) paces. 2. Forward, hy the right, form echelons. G51. These commands having been repeated, the ranking chief of battalion of the two right battalions will put ihom in march by the commands and means indic.Tted No. 430 and following, ibrmar(Jiing a line in the order in battle, and take the first as the direct- ing battalion. 652. The right- battalion of the first edielon be- coming thus the regulator of the march of both the echelons, the general, if he think it necessary, will cause markers to be placed behind this battalion in order to assure its direction. 653. The second echelon will, in succession, put itself in march, observing to maintain between itself and the preceding echelon the number of paces pre- scribed in the first command ; its commander will cause that number of paces, taken by the preceding echelon, to be counted, before putting his own in march. 654. In the subordinafe echelon, a file-closer, de- signated in advance, will place himself in rear of and opposite to the left file of the ])receding echelon. This file-closer will march exactly in the trace of that file and abreast with his own battalion ; by this means the chief of the right battalion in the subordi- nate echelon will always be able to maintain the in- terval between his own battalion and that on the left of the preceding echelon. 655. The right battalion in each echelon will hfe charged with preserving the perpendicular distance/ which ought to separate it from the j)i'eceding eche- lon ; the left battalion will march abreast with that on its right, and take care to preserve its interval to the right. 656. The echelon being in march, when the gen- 119 an iit. ral ne, .ish ch, ,ces m\\ HE ach ace irst the ach will ,nd, ed ; ntil I be . on the jive and his ling h in ;om- iiC LUTI N S OF M B R I a A D E cp V" ' .^.^. la.Ua.Vu>i^^. (N" 663J : ,v >\ *; ^ ,v\ ^^"^^ <\'i,'^'^^' EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 119 /^ cral shall wish to reform the line, he will give an order to the commander of the first echelon to halt it. 6.37. The first echelon being halted, the general will determine the direction to be given to the line, and the commander of the first echelon will establish it on that direction. 658. The second echelon will continue to march, and be Puccessively halted by its chief at four paces from the line of battle. 659. The second echelon being halted, its chief will command: 1. Colors and general guides — On the Line. At this, the colors and general guides of each battalion will face to the right, and promptly place themselves on the alignment of the colors of the first echelon; which being done, the commander of the second will add: 2. Guides — On the Line. Each chief of battalion, seeing his guides established, will align his battalion. . .j^___. i A tkti^^^ OHl^Q KVOLUTIOXS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 125 talion about, the commander of the line will rectify the alignment of the directing battalion, the other battalion will be dressed by that, without constraint, however, as to being absolutely on the same general alignment. 695. As soon as the odd battalions which form the second line have faced about, the chief of the first line, of even battalions, will command : . 1. Face to the rear. 696. This will be executed as prescribed No. 691 ; the chief of this line will then command : 2. The ( — ) the battalion of direction. 3. Battalions, forward. 4. March (or doiihle-quick — March). 697. The first line will march in retreat by the means prescribed No. 693 ; each battalion will be directed upon the middle of the corresponding inter- val in the second line, cross this line, and march per- pendicularly to the rear. When it arrives at the position indicated by the general, the first line will be halted and faced about by the commands and means indicated Nos. 693 and 694. 698. The second line, become first, will execute the same movement, and so on alternately. 699. The general will superintend both lines, and determine, according to the ground, the distance he may wish to have between the lines, and the position each ought successively to occupy. To reform the line. 700. The general, wishing to reform the line, will cause the drums to beat a short roll, or the bugles to sound the assembly, after the first line (the one ac- 12G KVOLUriONS of a IIUKJADK — TAUT V. tually in front) is put in marcli, which roll or sound will be briskly repeated by all the drums or bugles of this line. 701. The battalions of the first line will continue to march, and when they find themselves exactly in their intervals of the second, their respective colonels will halt them, face them about, and rectify their alignment; the general will then give a general alignment, if he judge it necessary. RKMAr.ICS ON THE UKTREAT BY ALTKUXATE BATTALIONS. 702. The commander of each line will endeavor to maintain the necessary harmony between its battal- ions, notwithstanding tlie interval between them ; to this end, he will look to the strict execution of what is prescribed Nos. G'J3 and 604. 70o. Uii will more particularly see that the battal- ions, after crossing the second line, direct themselves perpendicularly to the rear, this being the only means by which the interval can be preserved with sufficient accuracy to enable the two lines to reform into one. 704. If the formation is in two lines, the odd or even battalions of the second line will face about at the same time with their corresponding ones of the first line ; they will march to the rear at the same time with them, taking care to preserve their proper rela- tive positions and distances. IlEMAUiCS ON THE MOVEMKNTS OF TIIR AUTILLEUY IN RE- TREATING BY ALTERNATE BATTALIONS. 705. The movement of the battery must depend much upon the state of the action, but g(Mierally it will keep abreast with the line nearest the enemy, and take such position as will most effectively cover the retreat. 127 ssa^e if the to oc- ouble t the tlie 3 cor- ig to » gen- s line tliere- iately ard. , each Id: et»LUTltHt Cf 4 Sfi.CA, aoQjciCc.^ I ^ -^ lit *Js= Fa.! to. J t if U A'" 70 6. EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 127 Article XV. Passage of lines. TOG, The general, wishing to execute the passage of lines, will send an oi'der to the commander of the second line to place it in the position it ought to oc- cupy. 707. The battalions of this line will form double columns, closed in mass, and so disposed that the centre of each mass may be opposite to the middle of the interval to the right or left of the cor- responding battalion of the first line, according to the order given by the general. 708. The second line being thus disposed, the gen- eral will send an order to the commander of this line to execute the passage of lines, and give notice there- of to the commander of the first line. 709. The chief of the second line will immediately command : 1. Pass the line in front. 2. Battalions^ forward. 710. These commands having been repeated, each chief of battalion will command : Guide centre. 711. The commander of the line will then add : 3. March (or douhle-quick — March). 712. At this, briskly repeated, the second line will advance ; each battalion will direct itself upon the middle of the corresponding interval in the first line. 713. At the approach of the second line, each chief of battalion in the first will cause the right and left companies of his battalion to be ployed, as in mass, behind the contiguous companies, in time not to ar- rest the movement of the battalions of the second line. 128 K VOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. * 714. The battalions of the second line will thus pKss the first ; and when they shall have cleared it, the commander of the second will desifrnate the di- recting battalion. Tliis battalion will take the auide to the right, and the subordinate battalion Avill take the guide on the side next to the directing batt;ilion. 715. The battalions liaving arriA^ed at the given position, the commander of the line will cau.^e them to halt and to deploy, or they may deploy on the march, so as to finish their deployment at the re- quired place of halting. 71G. As soon as tlie second line has passed the first, the chiefs of battalion of the latter will cause the right and left companies of their respective bat- talions to return into line. They will then ploy their respective battalions, either in simple or double col- umn, as the general may direct, and take their proper positions in rear of the corresponding battal- ions of the second line. REMARKS ON THE DISPOSITION' OF THK ARTILI-KHV I\ THE PASSAGE OK LINKS. 717. If the second line passes the first for the pur- pose of relieving the latter, the battery will take a favorable position to cover the movement and fire with the greatest rapidity, without changing its posi- tion while the movement is being executed." 718. If the first line is passed for the purpose of an ofifensive movement, the batteiy will take a position in advance of the line, and cover the movements of the troops. Articlk XVI. Dispositions against cavalry. 719. iSIo matter what tlie number of battalions which compose a column or line, not more than one 1^9 ires be ice. aise i to will (so eft) 'ont 'ion, 1 the the lejl the ) be ren- the will s in tion ther Y its iber di- 1^ Mil V Jiv'!'"^«;us9uPr B m nXXMJU) JX.OLCe/6 fori" ionon" ofthe''''" :]ii/'» ,«a«/<"'*' onlonelof''''" i March (or (/ouM*-***'"' 124. At the command wrrl.tW ?«'•''" " column n'liicli is to form tk djwitia;' ' stjodfast. fi'jJIUlie other echelotL* r!! in; M" ; marfli at the same time, eni :u n;' (tomtksiile of the directir: ••■'■-■" • itmrclitothe right or l-:-, • mmkx when it ha* i3,(.-. cfpw from the next echelon:;:^,,. EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE— PART V. 1^0 -vvlll be formed into the same square. The squares >\i!l jreuerally be formed by echelons. 720. A brigade containing four battalions will be supposed in column, by company, at half distance. The general, wishufg to form square, will first cause divisions to be formed. 721. If it is supposed that the general wishes to form echelons on one of the centre battalions, he will command : 1. To form square. 2. Echelons hy hattalion at (so many) paces. S. On (such) battalion right (or /«?/?) in fronts form echelons. 722. At this, the colonel of each battalion in front of the designated one will either command : Battalion^ rifjht face, or, I. Guide left ; 2. Head of column to the rujht; and the colonel of each battalion in rear of the designated one will either command : Battalion^ left face, or, ]. Guide right ; 2. Head of column to the left, as the general may have previously caused to be indicated. 723. These dispositions having been made, the gen- eral will command : 4. March (or double-quick — March). 724. At the command march, the portion of the column which is to form the directing echelon will stand fast. 725. Alllhe other echelons will put themselves in march at the same time, each taking its direction from the side of the directing echelon; and whether it march to the right or left^ it will be halted by its commander when it has taken the given number of paces from the next echelon on the side of the di- rection. IjfO KYOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 72G. At the commencement of the movement the directing echelon will form square; the commander of each of the other echelons, after haltini; it, will rectify the alignment so that it may he parallel lo the directing echelon, and then cauifc i: to form square. 727. If the colunm is at full instead of half-distance, the general will first ibrm divisions, and then close the column to half-distance on any designated divis- ion, by the means heretofore indicated. lie will then form squar^by echelon, as prescribed above. 728. If the column be closed in mass, the general will cause it to take company distance on any divis- ion he may designate, by the means heretofore indi- cated. He will then form square by echelon, as pre- scribed above. 729. If the column at half-distance is so immediately menaced by cavalry that there Is no time to place it in echelon, the general will command: Form sqiKwes. 730. This having been repeated, each colonel will form his battalion into square on its ground. 7;U. When a column closed in mass is so suddenly threatened by cavaliy as not to allow time to take distances, it will be formed as foljows. The general will command : Column acjainsl cavaJry. 732. This having been repeated, each .colonel will form his battalion into square as prescribed in the S. B., No. 1,202 and following. 733. Sc^uares will be marched, columns will be formed, and s(|uares r(^duced, b}' the connnands and means prescribed in the .S'. B., No. 1,049 and folio w- in/cAO£. ^■ '> ffltfl CoU/JTLrv oMourbst CcvyaMru J{<^ '/31 i .^OLUTlOr/SO^'^i-" •-'-. TiTnrS S 11 .. H 11 £^ 1 •=^ O 0. u U \ ^ 1 ^' ?? ;i l i ^3 .S? '— ^ - -— • P 1 * 0. J |] 1 o y '■T "^ ff EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 131 To form square from line of battle. 734. The square from line of battle will always be formed by battalion, and disposed in echelon if there is suflicicnt time. The perpendicular distance be- tween the echelons will be such that, the squares be- ing formed, the first front of the second may find itself at least fifty paces further to the rear than the fourth front of the first echelon. This rule is equally appli- cable to a column to be formed into squares. 735. When the echelons have to march in advance or in retreat, they will be formed according to the principles prescribed No. 650 and following, whether the battalions which are to compose the echelons be already disposed for the formation of squares, or be yet deployed. If the echelons are to remain at a halt, they will be formed on the centre, or on one of the wings, as will be explained. 736. It is supposed that the general wishes to form the echelons on the centre, he will command : 1. To form square. 2. Echelons hy hattalioyi at ('so many) paces. 3. On (such) battalion^ right (or left) ici7if/ in front, form echelons. 4. March Cor c?ou&/e- quick — March). 737. At the command march, the portion of the line which is to form the directing echelon will stand fast. The echelons will then execute what is pre- scribed Nos. 724 and 725. 738. If the general should Avish the echelons to form square, as if formed from double column, it will be executed by the commands and means prescribed in the S. B., No. 1,103 and following; each colonel taking care to give his cautionary commands in time, so that his echelon will halt in its proper place. 739. If the formation is in two lines, the battalions 132 EVOLUTIONS OF^A BRIGADK — PART V. of the second line will move at tlio, same time with the corresponding ones of the first line, MS O/'A Bf?/GAD£ PAIS CVOK/r^ifA/S S^fQAD£ 4 fitiVi'iV: ^ ■i \ 21' 746 \ i^t:.^ i EVOLUTIONS OF A BJllGADE — PART V. 133 744. At tlie second command, the lieutenant-colo- nel of each battalion will trace the new direction as prescribed in the 6\ B., No. 1,175. Pending this operation, each colonel will give the commands and make the preparatory dispositions for a change of di- rection by the llank, and cause it to be executed as soon as the new direction is traced. The change of direction having been executed, he will cause the square to be formed. 745. A colunm at full distance may be formed into oblique squares by the same means ; each battalion will be closed to half-distance on its headmost subdi- vision ; which being executed, the battalion will change direction, as has just been prescribed, and then ibrm square. To reform the line._ 746. The line being disposed in oblique squares, when the general shall wish to reform it, he will cause the squares to break ; to this end, he will com- mand : 1. Reduce squares. 747. At this, briskly repeated, each colonel will cause his square to break. Pending the execution of the movement, the general will place himself in front of tlie square he may judge the most conveniently situated to become the directing battalion, say the third; he will place t^w3 markers in the direction he may wish to give to the line, and cause it to be pro- longed to the right and left, by the means prescribed Nor 291. ^ . 748. These dispositions being made, the general will conmiand : 1. Form line of battle at (such) intervals. 2. The third the battalion of direction. 3. Mauch (or double-quick— ^Imicu). 131 EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE — PART V. 749. At the second command, each colonel will give the corainauds indicated ^No. 421. The lieuten- ant-colonels -will execute Avhat is prescribed No. 423. 750. At the command march, briskly repeated, the movement will be executed as prescribed No. 422. 751. The movement being ended, the general will command : 4. Guides — Posts. 752. If the formation is in two lines, the battalions of the second line will form oblique squares on the positions they pccupy, at the same time as those of the lirst line. REMARKS OX OBLIQUE BQUAItES. 753. The formation of a line into oblique squares gives the facility of placing it, whatever be its extent, as promptly in safety against the attacks of the cav- alry, as if it were a single battalion, without causing the line to quit the position it occupies, and then, after i-eforming each square into colmnn, the line may be marched in any direction. The fires of oblique squares also cross each other in every direc- tion, except that of the squares themselves, and this even when the battalions, before being formed into squares, happened not to be on the same alignment. REMAfiKS ON THE DISPOSITION 8f THE ARTILLEUV WITH THK SQUARES. 754. If a cavalry charge it> threatened, the battery will take up such positions as most effectively to fire upon the enemy, and at the same time avoid the fire of the squares. It maybe found expedient to con- centrate all the pieces near the interior of the angle of the square nearest the enemy ; or the EVOLUTIONS OF A IJIIIGADE — PAKT V.. 135 battery may be divided and placed near the interior angles of" the two squares of the first line, or between the lines. 755. As soon as the pieces arc in battery the ammu- nition pouches will be filled, and the limbers and caissons sent to the rear of the second line. 756. If the gunners are driven from their pieces, they will take refuge in the nearest square. As soon as the charge is repulsed, they will immediately re- turn to their pieces and open fire upon the enemy. END OF EVOLUTIOXS OF A BRIGADE. TITLE VII. EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. General principles for the evolutions of a corps d'ar- mee. 1. The evolutions of a brij^ade compreliendiiifij all the principles and details of the movements which should be made by a single brigade, it only remains to apply these principles to a corps crarmce. 2. In this instruction, a division of the line will be supposed to consist of three brigades, and in every line of battle composed of more than one of these di- visions, they will be posted from right to left in the order of their numbers. 3. For the illustration of this instruction, a corps rZ'a?-?«(3e, consisting of nine brigades, will be supposed, but the rules herein prescribed are equally applica- ble to a division of (he line, or to two or more bri- gades. Posts of the general-in-chief, of the major-generals, and brigadier-generals, in line and in column. 4. In line of battle the general (that is, the particu- lar general-in-chief) will have no fixed position ; he will go wherever he may judge his presence neces- sary. 5. In column, he will hold himself habitually at its head, in order to direct it according to his views. G. In the evolutions, he will })lace himself at the point Avhence he can best direct the general execu- tion of the movement. tVULUTIONS OF A COnPS O *RMk «^ tfffifi ffltflffi i'i'i'iV iVm ftTftuIi iVl'i'l'l'l'l'l Line, of bailie- ifbiwo Imn/S of a- oorjvi oLarmt^ X." .3 EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'aRMEE. 137 7. In all cases the general may repair wherever he may judge his presence necessary, taking care to leave in his habitual position the next in command, or the chief of his stalf, charged with the execution of his orders. 8. In line of battle, major-generals (generals of di- vision) will place themselves at about one hundred and ten paces in rear of the centres of their divisions. 9. In coljimn, they will hold themselves on the di- recting flank, abreast with the centres of their divis- ions, and at sixty paces from the guides. 10. Brigadier-generals (generals of brigade) will place themselves as prescribed in the E. J5., Nos. 3 and 4. 11. Major-generals will look to the exact and regular execution and transmission of all signals or notifications from the general, and commands or in- structions given by themselves pursuant thereto ; ac- cordingly, they may repair wherever they may judge their presence necessary, within the extent of their divisions. 12. Brigadier-generals will look to the exact and regular execution of all signals, notifications, or com- mands coming from their major-generals, and to all commands given by themselves pursuant thereto ; ac cordingly, they may repair wherever they may deem their presence necessary, within the extent of their brigades. General rules for commands. 13. In corps d'armee^ the evolutions and move- ments will be executed by means of signals, bugle sounds, and commands. 14. When the general shall wish a movement to be executed, he will send staff officers to notify the gen- erals of division of the nature of the movement, or he may make use of telegraphic signals to the same 11 138 K VOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. end. Each major-general will then, by staff officers, immediately notify the briiradier-generals of his com- mand of the movement to be made. 15. The general will then cause the attention to be sounded, which will be briskly repeated by the bu- glers of the major-generals, and at which the generals of brigade will each immediately give, by word of mouth, the general commands relating to the ma- noeuvre, and applicable to his brigade. 16. The final command, or that which determines the execution of the general movement, Avill always be given by the general, who to that end will cause the signal of execution to be sounded, which signal will be briskly repeated by the bugles of the major- generals. 17. The command of execution, signified by the sound, will be immediately given by the generals of brigade, and briskly repeated by the colonels, and, if necessary, by the lieutenant-colonels and majors, as* prescribed in the E. ZJ., No. 12. 18. In case the generals of division or brigade have not been notified of a movement previous to the sig- nal of attention, the signal of execution which follows will indicate that the command is to advance to the front in the then order of formation. The generals of brigade will give the preparatory command for forward, immediately after the signal of attention, and at the signal of execution they will command inarch. 19. If during the march the general should wish to halt his command without having previously notified the generals of division, he will cause the signal of execution only to be sounded, at which the generals of brigade will immediately halt their brigades. This rule is f/ene^-al. ' 20. When a line has to execute a central move- ment, the general will repair to the position which he may have selected as the point (Tappui, and inform EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS n'ARAIEE. 139 tbc ijencrals of division of the manoeuvre, as prescrib- ed No. 14. 21, In column, commands will be extended by repe- tition, according to the same principles. 22. As often as a line breaks into several columns, the senior general officer or colonel in each will dis- charge the duties attributed above to the general, or general-in-chief ; but commands will not be given by- signals or bugle sound, unless the column consists of more than one brijjade. 140 EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. PART FIRST. Article I. To open and to close ranks. Article II. Loading at will and the firings. Article III. To cause the line to rest. 23. The general wishing the movements prescribed by the above articles to be executed, will cause the generals of division to be informed of his intention, Avho will, in turn, notify their generals of brigade. The general will then cause the signal of attention to be sounded, at which each general of brigade will give the preparatory commands appropriate for the move- ment, as prescribed in the E. B. 24. The general will then cause the signal of exe- cution to be sounded, when the generals of brigade will give the command which the signal indicates, and cause it to be executed as prescribed in the E. B. EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. 141 PART SECOND. DIFFERENT MODES OF PASSING FKOM THE . ORDER IN BATTLE TO THE ORDER IN COL- UMN. Article I. To break to the front, to the right or left into column. 25. The movements prescribed by the above-named article will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 26. In breaking to the right (or left), to march to the left (or right), each general of brigade after the leading one will take care to move his brigade so that there shall be between the leading subdivision of his headmost battalion and the rearmost subdivision in the preceding brigade the distance of a subdivision andone hundred and fifty paces, in case the battery of his brigade moves in its rear. 27. When the column is at full distance, and the brigade batteries move within the columns of their re- spective brigades, in rear of the leading or three lead- ing battalions, the distance between the leading sub- division of one brigade and the rearmost subdivision of the one preceding will be the length of a subdivis- ion and fifty paces, if the column be formed by com- pany, and a subdivision and ninety paces if the column be by division. 28. These distances in column between the brigades will result from the leading or three leading battalions having moved forward to admit the battery, as pre- scribed in the E. B., No. 216. 142 KVOLUTIONS or A COUPS D'AUMKE. Article II. To break to the rear by the right or left into column. 29. The line will be broken to the rear according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. Article III. To ploy the line into column or in mass. 30. The general wishing to ploy the line, will cause the movement to be executed by the commands and means prescribed Nos. 2.5 and 24. Each general of brigade, at the signal of attention^ will give the neces- sary preparatory commands for ploying in a proper manner his brigade as if by itself. 31. At the signal of execution^ the ployments in each brigade will commence, and be executed simultane- ously, and as soon as each bi'igadier has finished the ployment of his brigade he will conduct it- by the shortest route to its proper position in the general column. .'52. To this end, those brigade columns whose places in the general column are in rear of the bri- gade of formation, may respectively be faced by the rear rank before commencing the march for positions in that cohmm. 33. If the brigade batteries are not in their respec- tive columns, the distance between the leading subdi- vision of one brigade and the rearmost subdivision of the brigade just in front of it will be one hundred and fifty paces, whether the column be by company, or division, at half-distance, or closed in mass. 34. If, however, the batteries are in the columns, the distance between the leading subdivision of one brigade and the rearmost subdivision of the preced- ing brigade will be fifty paces if the column is by V"/- 3 £.VOl(/T/0//S or A COffPS O' ARMi£ />, Ml im ma — 0' _ =' m % m ^. ^ __ «_. X _ ::E.:-r.^: -^-^ am --A.^ est =^ '^^, == >K ""^H< ^r::.:.-.,,, ■» "."r.^_ V^""---. V:::::: . ^^ ^~:: ~^i ..-:-.: ---■■ -^.^ ;::=r= -." --^ .::=:.__ -'■--' TfiiiaiM "~^--,^ ^tiijitti ""^~^.. -mm mt^r\ — iffiin] -^ -- ^*.___ — -> — _ « Plo^nuTa oF a, Una, of thrtu iricfd.dM^iKiy/o Imtt, ^ mlo CO Izc-nrv, wi l?i& r%gTib oFlht s^cortoL Iri^xait. N° 30. EVOLUTIONS 'of A CORPS d'ARMEE. 143 company, and ninety paces if the column is by divis- ion, and this whether tlie column be at half-distance or closed in mass. 35. The major-generals ■will send staff oflicers in time to mark the distance which should separate the briaades of their divisions when in column. PART THIRD. Article I. To inarch in column at full distance. Article 11. Column in route. Article III. To change direction in colum.n at full distance. Article IV. To halt the column, and to align it. 36. The movements prescribed in the above-named articles will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 21. 37. If, in column in route, the pieces of the batter- ies are not able, owing to the narrowness of the way, to march four abreast, the distance heretofore pre- scribed between brigades in column at full distance will not be sufficient for the battery. A proper inter- val, however, for each battery must be obtained, and •when the cadenced step is resumed each battery will form as prescribed in the E. B., No. 215, and the 144 KVOLUTIONS OF A COKTS d'aKMKE. brip:a(los will close up to their proper distances asf)rc- scribcd No. 26. Article V.. To close to half-distance or in mass. Isi. To close the colnnm on (he lendimj nuhdin'sinit, 2d. To close the column on the rearmost siibdi vision. ~'dd. To close the column on an interior brigade. 38. These movements will be executed according to the principles prescribed in the E. B., and by the means indicated Nos. 23 and 24. The proper dis- tances to be taken between brigades are prescribed Nos. 33 and 34. 39. If necessary, the generals of brigade, at the sig- nal of alteniion, will, with reference to their batteries, conform to what is prescribed in the E. B.y No 145. Article VI. To march in column at half-distance, or closed in mass. Article VII. To change direction in column at half-distance. Article VIII. To change direction in column closed in mass. ^st. In mctrchinq. 2d. From a halt. 40. The movements prescribed by the above-named articles will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. 145 4L In changing direction from a halt, each brigade after the leading one Avill change direction by wheeling by its head out of the general column, and by being conducted by its brigadier-general to its new position in column. Article IX. Being in column at half-distance, or closed in mass, to take distances. Inf. To fal-e distances hi/ the head of the column. 2d. To take distances on the rear of the column. 'Sd. To take distances on the head of the cuhunn. 4:th. To take distances on an interior column. 42. The movements prescribed by the above- named articles Avill be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 43. Prior to executing either of these movements, however, the general will cause what is prescribed in the E. B., No. 198, to be executed by each brigade of the column. After the distances are taken the batteries will be ordered into the column by their respective generals of brigade, the colonels of the battalions having had care to leave for the batteries the proper intervals. Article X. Countermarch. Article XI. Being in column by company, to forfn divisions. 44. The movements prescribed by the above- named articles will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 146 EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMKE. PART FOURTH. DIFFEBENT MODES OP PASSING FROM THE ORDEK IN COLUMN TO THE ORDER IN BAT- TLE. Article I. Manner of determining the line of battle. 45. The different modes of determining the line of l)attle have been explained in the E. B. Article II. Mode of passing from cokimn at full distance into line of battle. To the left (or right) into line of battle. Article III. Different modes of passing from column at half-dis- tance into line of battle. 1. To the left (or right), ') 2 On the right {or left), ^.^^^ Une of battle. 3. Forward bg deployment, ^ 4. Faced to the rear, J Article IV. Column closed in mass, forward into line of battle. Article V. Formation into line of battle composed of two move- ments. V»/. 3 ^/. 2 9 ... ^..._. . K * *_ \=r=-^ _% -'■ ■ 1 — rjiir Cohxm,Tb of throe hv^ouoifs r(, ^arwaord. vrvta Zvr^ a/ htn^ttU ^=^ ftrsl iri^oLdf.. ■ /.y.'' r_ • T— — • EVOLUTIONS OP A CORPS d'ARMEE. 14 7 46. All the movements prescribed b}- the above- named articles will be executed accordintr to the principles presciibed in the E. B., and by the means indicated Nos. 23 and 24, the general having first de- termined the line of battle. * 47. In the formation forward, or faced to the rear into line of battle, each brigade, other than the one of formation, will break by its head from the general column, and be conducted so that its leading battal- ion shall occupy its proper place in line. The brigadier-general will then deploy his brigade on the line as recpiired. 48. In the successive formations in line, the gener- al will send a statT officer to mark the point where the flank of each brigade which is nearest the one of formation ought to rest. This ride is general^ whether the battalions are to he deployed or remain in mass. r.EMARKS ON THE FORMATIOX IX MNE. 49. Habitually, the brigades will be formed on the line of battle in their proper order, viz : Jirst, second, th ird, fo u rth , ffth , etc. 50. If, however, the general. should deem it expe- dient to form line at once on the head of the column, and at the same time it is necessary to prolong the line both to the right and left, he may direct the brigades to be formed to the right and left of the point d'appuij without regard to the order of their numbers. 51. In this case, the brigades composing the divis- ions of the line being separated, the major-generals will be assigned commands temporarily by the gen- eral. lib KVOLUTIONS OF A COKPS d'AUMEE. Articlk VI. COLUMNS CLOSED IN MASS. ^ Deployment by battalion in mass. 52. A column in mass, whatever the number of brigades, may be formed into line of battle by de- ployment. l.sL Faced to the front. 2d. Faced to the rear. 3d. Faced to the left. 4lh. Faced to the right. 5th. Oblique to the front, or rear. 53. The general having determined the line of battle, the movements prescribed in the above-named article will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 21. 54. In the formations faced to the front or rear^ each brigade, other than the one of formation, will break from the general column, as prescribed No. 47, and when the leading battalion has arrived on the line the brigadier-general will complete its deploy- ment. 55. In a line of battalions in mass, the distances be- tween tTie brigades will habitually, in presence of the enemy, be such as to afford space for each brigade to deploy its masses, and to leave the distance of one hundred and fifty paces between the flanks of the brigades. 56. If the line of masses constitute a part of the reserve, or other circumstances should render it ex- pedient, the distances in line between the brigades can be reduced to fifty paces. EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. 149 Movements which may be executed by a line of bat- talions in mass. 1«^ To advance in line. 2d. To halt the line marcliiny in advance, and to alif/n it. 3rf. The line marching in advance, to cause it to change direction. Ath. To march the line in retreat. 5th. To chauge direction of the line inarching in retreat. 6th. To break the line formed hj battalion in mass into column. Ith. To ploy the line of masses into column. Sth. To tale deploying intervals from a line formed by battalion in mass. 57. The movements above prescribed will be exe- cuted according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 58. In ploying a line of masses into column, each brigade will ploy as if by itself, and it will then be conducted into the general column as indicated No. 31. nEMARKS OX INVEUSIOxV. 59. The principles prescribed in the E. B., No. 426 and following, for breakhg or ploying into column a single brigade, are applicable to a line of many brigades. PART FIFTH. Article I. To advance in line of battle deployed. Article II. To halt the line, and to align it. 150 EVOLUTIONS OF A COUPS D'ARMEE. Article III. Change of direction, marching in line of battle. Article IV. To retreat in line of battle. Article V. To halt the line marching in retr^^at, and to align it. Artici-e VI. Change of direction marching in retreat. Article VII. March in line of battle of a line of brigades formed in battalion columns. 1st. To cause the line of columns to adoance. 2d. To halt the Hue of columns, and to deploy it. 'dd. The line of columns marchivcj in advance, to cause it to chanrje direction. 4th. To cause line of columns to march in retreat. 5th. To halt the line of columns marching in retreat, and to align it. Qth. The line of columns marching in rctrcttt, to cause it to change direction, 7th. To close the intervals of (t line of columns. Article VIII. March in line of battle by the flank of companies. EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D ARMEE. 151 Article IX. March in line of battle formed in division columns. 60. The movements prescribed in Jbe above-named articles will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 61. In the alignment of deployed lines, the briga- dier-general of that brigade on which the alignment is made will not order his colors to their posts until the alignment is completed. The general will cause him to be notified of this fact. 62. In closing intervals, the general will cause the major-generals to be notified of the distance which should separate the brigades. Article X, To pass the defile in front. Article XL To pass the defile in rear. 63. The movements prescribed by the above-named articles will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 74. In passing to the front, should the defile be op- posite the interval between two brigades, all the sub- divisions will wheel to the left or right, whether by platoon or company. Article XIL Changes of front. 152 EVOLUTION'S OF A CORPS D'aRMEK. Perpendicular changes of front. l«^ Chavgen of front furicard. 2(1. Chaiifjes of front to the rear. Zd. Central changes affront. Oblique changes of front. Article XIII. ORDER TN ECHELON. Direct echelons in advancing. Direct echelons in retreat. Oblique echelons. Article XIV. To retreat by alternate battalions. To reform the line. Article XV. Passage of line. Article XVI. Dispositions against cavalry. Oblique squares. To reform the line. 65. The movements prescribed in the above-named EVOLUTIONS OF A CORPS D'ARMEE. 153 articles will be executed according to the principles indicated Nos. 23 and 24. 66. In retreating by alternate battalions, or in the passage of lines, the general of each line will cause the signal of execution to be sounded for the move- ment of his line.. * 67. In the passage of lines, if the general should not wish to pass the whole line at once, it will be executed by the second line of each brigade passing one at a time. REMARKS ON THE FORMATION ON THE INFANTRY OP THE RE- SERVE. 68. When ii\ line, the infantry of the reserve should most generally be drawn up in close order, with the interval of twenty-two paces between the battalions in mass. In column, the distance between the bri- gades may be reduced to fifty paces. Constitution of the reserve. 69. In a corps d'armee, the artillery of the reserve should be equal to one-half the artillery of the line of battle. 70. The infantry of the reserve will be such part of the whole body as the general may think expedi- ent; generally, however, it will be one-third. 7 1 . The reserve will be under the especial direction of the general-in-chief. 72. The special corps, including sappers, miners, pontoniers, etc., will be attached to the reserves, un- less their services are otherwise needed. 73. The general may mass the whole or a portion of the brigade batteries and cavalry forces, at one or several points on the field, as the state of the action, or his own judgment, may suggest. FINIS. TABLE OF CONTENTS. TITLE VI. EVOLUTIONS OF A BRIGADE. PAGE. General priuciples for the evolutions of a brigade (No. 1) 5 Posts of the brigadier-general in line and in column (No. 3) 5 General rules for commands (No. 7) 6 Position of tlie brigade battery (No. 17) 7 Position of the cavalry of the brigade (No. 20) 8 PART FIRST. Article I. — To open and to close ranks (No, 21) 9 Article II. — Manual of arms (No. 25) 9 Article III.— Loading at will and the firings (No. 26). Re- marks on firing (No. 45). To rest (No. 48). - To stack arms (No. 52) 9 PART SECOND. Article I. — To break to the front, to the right, or left into col- umn (No. 58). To break to the right to march to the left (No. 63). Remarks (No. 67) 14 Article II.— To break to the rear by the right or left into col- umn (No. 68) 15 Artiole III. — To ploy the line into close column or in mass, in rear of first division, first battalion (No. 72). To ploy the line in rear or front of last division, fourth battalion (No. 86). To ploy the line on first or last division of an interior battalion (No. 88). Remarks on ploying a line into a column closed in mass (No. 93) 16 PART THIRD. Article I. — To march in column at full distance (No. 95) 22 Article IT.— Column in route (No. 103). Remarks (No. 108)... 23 Article III. — To change direction in column at full distance (No. 109) 24 Article IV.— To halt the column (No. 112). Remarks (No. 119) 25 156 COXTKXTS. Article V. — To close the column or the leading company to half-distance or in mass (No. 121). To close the column on the roarmoHt company (No. 12, head of column (No. 1(32). To take distances on the rear of the column (No. 160). To take distances on the head of the column (No. 178). To take dis- tances on an interior battaion (No. 189). Kemarka on taking distances (No. 19S) 33 Article X. — Countermarch at full or half-distance (No. 199). Countermarch of a column closed in mass (No. 204) 39 Article XI. — Being in column by corapanj-, to form divisions (No. 208). Same on a march (No. 214). Uemarks on the posi- tion of the battery in the column (No. 215.) rosition of the cavalry (No. 218) 40 PART FOURTH. Article I. — Manner of determining the line of battle (No. 219). 42 Article II. — Mode of passing from column at full distance into line of battle (No. 220). By inversion to the right or left into line of battle (No. 225). Successive formations (No. 232) 42 Article III. — Column at half-distance to the left or right into line of battle (No. 237). Column at half-distance on the right or left into line of battle (No. 240). Column at half-distance forward into line of battle (No. 254), Remarks on forming forward into line of battle (No. 2t5.i). Column at half-distance faced to the rear into line of battle (No. 271). To form Into line faced to the rear without halting (No. 281) 45 Articlk IV. — Column closed in mass forward into lino of battle or inio line faced to the roar (No. 282) 63 Article V. — Formations into line of battle composed of two movements (No. 283)....! 53 Article VI.— Deployment by battalions in mass (No. 288). To deploy by battalion in mass, faced to the front, on first battal- ion (No. 289). Same movement without halting (No. 303). To deploy in mass on fourth battalion (.\o. 301). Line of battle on third, to deploy in mass on third battalion (No. 316) Line of battle on third to deploy in mass on the second bat- talion (No. 322). To deploy battalions in mass faced to the rear (No. 330). To deploy battalions in mass faced to the left (No. 831). To deploy by battalions in mass faced to the right (No. 338). To deploy by inversion faced to the right (.No. 3-39). To deploy by battalions in mass, oblique to the front or rear CONTEXTS. 157 (No. 344). T^emarks on the movements of the battalions of the second line (No. 347). Kcmarks on the disposition of the brigade battery in formations from column into line (No. 348). To advance in lino of battalions in mass (No. 350). To halt a line of battalions in mass, marching in advance, and to align it (No. 362). The line marching in advance, to cause it to change direction (No. 367). Remarks (No. 378). To march the line in retreat (No. 379). To change direction of tlie lino marching in retreat (No. 3S8). To break the line formed by battalion in mass into column (No. 394). To ploy the line of masses into column (No 399). The same movement in niarch- ing(No. 409). Hemarks on forming h column closed in mass from a line of battalions in mass (No. 410). To takedeploying intervals from a line formed by battalions in mass (No. ill). To take deploying intervals forward either parallel or oblique (No. 418). Remarks on disposition of companies of skirmish- ers in a line of battalions in mass (No. 425). Remarks on in- versions (No. 426) 54 PART FIFTH. Article I. — To advance in line of battle deployed (No. 430). General remarks on the march in line of battle ( No. 457) 79 Article II. — To halt the line, and to align it (No. 46:3) 84 Article TII — Change of direction marching in line of battle (No. 474K Remarks on changes of direction marching in line of battle (No. 488; 86 Article IV.— To retreat in line of battle (No. 490) 89 Article V. — To halt the line marching in retreat, and to align it (No. 496) 90 Article IV. — Change of direction marching in retreat (No. 498) 90 Article VII. — March in line of battle of a line of battalions in columns (No. 507). To cause the line of columns to advance (.No. 514). Remarks on the march of a line of battalion col- umns with deploying intervals (No. 534). To halt the line of columns, and to deploy it ( No. 538). The line of columns march- ing in advance, to cause it to change direction (No. 546). To cause the line of columns to march in retreat (No. 6.54\ To halt the line of columns marching in retreat, and to align it (No. 558). The line of columns marching in retreat, to cause it to change direction (No. 560). To close the intervals of a line of columns (No. 565) 92 Article VIII. — March in line of battle of a line of deployed battalions by the flanks of companies (No. 673) 102 Article IX. — March in line of battle of a line of battalions formed in division columns (No. 575). Remarks on the dis-. position of the artillery with linos of battle i No. 577) 103 Article X. — To i)as8 a defile in front (No. 57.8). Remarks on the passage of defiles in advancing (No. 595). K«marks on the disposition of the companies of skirmishers in passing a defile to the front (No. 000). Remarks on the passage of the defile in front by the second line (No. 602) 103 158 CONTENTS. AiiTiCLK XI. — To pass ii dcfilo in rctront (No. CC3). Remarks on tho disposition of the skirmishers in passing the dcfilo in retreat (No. 615). Kemarks on the passing of the defile in re- treat by the second line (No. G16). Keniarks on the disposi- tion of the artillery in passing defile in front or in retreat (No. 617). 108 Article XII. — Perpendicular change of front forward (No. 619). Change of front to the rear (No. 6'2it). Central changes of front (No. 037). 01)Iiiiue changes of front (No. 044). Remark on changes ol front (No. 047). Changes of front of two lines (No. 048) 112 Article XIII. — Order in echelon (No. 649). Direct echelons in advancing (No. 65fl). Direct echelons in retreat (No. 663). Oblique echelons (No. 071). Remarks on the order in echelons (No, 682) 117 Aeticlk XIV. — To retreat by alternate battalions (No. 688). To reform the line (No. 700). Remarks on the retreat by alter- nate battalions (No 702). Remarks on the movements of the artillery in retreating by alternate battalions (No. 705) 123 Article XV.— Passapc of lines (No. 700). Remarks on tke dis- position of the artillery in the passape of lines (No. 717) 127 Articlk XVI. — Dispositions against cavalry (No. 719). To form square echelons by battalions from column at half-distance (No. 721). Same movement — the column at full distance (No. 727). Same movement — column closed in mass (No. 728). To form square when in column at haM-distance (No. 729). To form square when in column closed in mass (No. 731). To form square from line of battle (No. 734). Oblique squares (No. 740). To reform the line (No. 746). Remarks on oblique squares (No. 753). Remarks on the disposition of the artillo- ry with the squares (No. 754) 128 TITLE VII. EVOLUTIONS OP A CORPS D'ARMEE. General principles for the evolutions of a corps d'arm6e (No. 1) 136 A division of the line (No. 2) 136 Pouts of the general-in-chief, of the major-generals, brigadier- generals, in line and iu column (No. 4) 130 General rules for commands (No. 13) 137 PART FIRST. Article I. — To open and close ranks 140 Article IT. — Loading at will and tho firings 140 Article III.— To cause the line to rest 140 • PART SECOND. Article I.— To break to the front, to the right, or loft, into col- umn 141 CONTENTS. 159 Article II.— To break to the rear by the right or loft into col- umn 142 Article III. —To ploy the line into column or in masa 142 PART THIRD. Article I.— To march in column at full distance 144 Article II. — Column in route 144 Article III. — To change direction in column at full distance.'..! 144 Article IV.— To halt the column, and to align it 144 Article Y. — To close to half-distance or iu mass. 145 Article VI.— To march in column at half-distance or closed in mass 145 Article VII.— To change direction in column at half-distance.. 145 Article VIII. — To change dirc^ction in column closed in mass... 145 Article IX.— Being iu column at half-distance or closed in mass, to tak« distances 146 Article X. — Countermarch 146 Article XI.— Being in column by company, to form divisions... 146 PART FOURTH. Article I.— Manner of determining the line of battle 146 Article II.— Mode of passing from column at full distance into line of battle 146 Article III. — Different modes of passing from cohimn at half- distance into line of battle 146 Article IV.— Column closed in mass formed into line of battle 146 Article V.— Formation into lino of battle composed of two more- ments. Remarks on the formation in line 146 Article VI.— Deployment by battalion in mass. Movements which may be executed by a lino of battalions in mass. Re- marks on inversion 148 PART FIFTH. Article I. — To advance in line of battle, deployed 149 Article II.-^o halt the line, and to align it 149 Article III. — Change of direction marching in line of battle... 150 Article IV. — To retreat in line of battle 160 Article V.— To halt the line marcliing in retreat, and to align it 150 Article VI. — Change of direction marching in retreat 150 Article VII.— March in line of battle of a line of brigades form- ed in battalion colnmns 150 Article VIII. — March in line of battle by the flaak of compa- nies 150 Articlb IX. — March in line of battle formed in division col- umns 151 Article X. — To pass the defile in front 151 Article XI. — To pass the defile in rear 151 Article XII. — Changes of front 151 160 CONTENTS. Article XIII — Ordor in echelon 152 Article XIV. — To retreat by alternate battalions 152 Article XV. — Tassnge of lines 152 Article XVI. — Dispositions again.st cavalry 152 Remarks on the formation of the infantry of the reserve 153 Constitution of the reserve 153 ^^m ii^: !^-*.fl^;»?.>i./'^ mm€^m p^ffl ^P^EI^^PWfiBGkfc '-^HB-^H^BMaBWjS^BI^Mii SnT^-^^ flK'.-^*?: llliwl