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 littp://www.archive.org/details/replytoletterofeOOwake 
 
REPLY 
 
 TO THE LETTER OF 
 
 EDMUND BURKE, Esq, 
 
 TO A 
 
 NOBLE LORD. 
 
 By GILBERT WAKEFIELD, B. A. 
 
 Late Fellow of Jefus-CoUege, Cambridge, 
 A NEW EDITION. 
 
 Nunc face ftippofita fervefcit fanguis, et ira 
 Scintillantociili; dicisque, facisque, quod ipfe 
 Non faiii efle hominis non faiius juret Oreftes. 
 
 Persius. 
 
 Alafs ! not dazzled with their noon-tide ray, 
 Compute the morn and evening to the day. 
 The whole amount of this enormous fame, 
 A tale, that blends their glory with their ftame. 
 
 Popt. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 
 AND SOLD BY G. KEARSLEY, NO. 46, FLEET-STREET. 
 
 1796. 
 
REPLY, &c. 
 
 SOIVIE years ago, when the fon of Chatham, 
 who has reverfed with ignoble accuracy that 
 affeaing circumftance of the poet, 
 
 Dignus patriis qui la»tior effet 
 
 Imperils, et cui pater haud Mezentius efTet ; 
 
 when, I fay, this degenerate fon of Chatham, 
 with his puny afTeffors on the treafury-bench, 
 was accuflomed, in all the plenitude of official 
 infolence fublimed by all the acrimony of baf- 
 fled malice, to receive with groans and hifTes 
 the rapturous eloquence of Edmund Burke, 
 an eloquence that would have charmed the 
 Bacchanals of Thrace to gentlenefs and hu- 
 manity ; I felt thofe rifings of inexprelLble in- 
 dignation, which an exhibition of unrivalled 
 
 ^ Genius 
 
( 2 ) 
 
 Genius and confummate Virtue, fpurned by the 
 hoofs of Venality and Barbarifm, would excite 
 in the bofom of Senfibility. Some ebullitions of 
 refentment, fome fallies of vexation, fome di- 
 greffions of complacent vanity, fhould have been 
 conceded to a long career of patriotic fervices^ 
 to extraordinary accomplifhments of intelle6l, 
 to an miiverfal elegance of literature, and to a 
 confpicuous, but pardonable, confcioufnefs of 
 high defert. All but barbarians, unknown to 
 letters and eftranged from humanity, would 
 have weighed the failings of the man with the 
 fupreme endowments of the orator, and have 
 found thofe but as the duft of the balance in 
 competition. A youthful tribe, juft emanci- 
 pated from fcholaftic difcipline, might have re- 
 fie£led alfo, if unimpreiTed by better motives, on 
 thofe ingenuous times of virtuous antiquity, 
 when a precedency of years claimed, and re- 
 ceived, the veneration of a father*. But 
 fcanty was their virtue, and " ears to rapture" 
 
 * Credebant hoc graiide nefas, et morte piandum, 
 Si juvenis vetulo non aflurrexerat, et li 
 Barbato cuicunque puer ; licet ipfe videret 
 riiira domi fraga, et majores glandis acervos. 
 Tam venerabile erat prsecedere quatuor annis, 
 Primaqne par adeo facrns lanugo Cene^tae. 
 
 Juv. xiii. 54, 
 
 were 
 
^ ( 3 ) 
 
 were not their portion. Accordingly, no inci- 
 dent of a fimilar complexion ever gave me more 
 concern, as far as a fequeftered and antiquated 
 ftudent can be fuppofed acceflible to fuch ex- 
 traneous occurrences, than the defeftion of Ed- 
 mund Burke from thofe principles of political 
 attachment, v^^hich had regulated the tenour of 
 his life, and conftituted the materials of his 
 glory. For myfelf, I have ever been inclined 
 to put a conftruaion on this reverfe of conduft, 
 that fhould encroach with lefs inroad on his 
 virtue, than men of fentiments congenial with 
 my own. I confidered what qualification fliould 
 be made in behalf of a wounded fpirit, in- 
 dignant at the ingratitude and infenfibility of his 
 fellow-citizens, who could abandon their faith- 
 ful leaders in the decline of influence, and 
 haften with the mercenary falutations of fervility 
 to " the rifmg morn." I conceived, that the dere- 
 liction of his plan was partly imputable to a 
 deficiency in the genuine love of truth, and 
 partly to an operation of falfe lliame, not pof- 
 fefl"ed of fufiicient magnanimity to retraft thofe 
 indefenfible pofitions, extorted from a better 
 judgement by the impetuofity of paffion, the off- 
 fprmg of inftantaneous vexation on that irrita- 
 bility of temper, which is too frequently in infe- 
 parable concomitant of refined feeling and exalt- 
 
 B2 ed 
 
{ 4 )■ 
 
 ed genius. His fituation reminded me of the 
 unhappy mother, in the poet : 
 
 But, as William Whifton fbmewhere fays inhls 
 memoirs, with his cuftomary franknefs and fim- 
 plicity, that he took frequent opportunities of ex- 
 poftulating with the Bifliops, and reproving them, 
 for their repeated marriages, in violation for- 
 footh ! of the exprefs injun6lions of the apoJloU- 
 cal covjl hut ions \ and received hui fmall thanks iox 
 his pains : fo many will be difpofed to cherifli 
 
 * Eurip. Med. 1078, which, for the benefit of the coun- 
 try gentlemen, who have not enjoyed fuch opportunities of 
 learning Greek as my Lord Belgrave and I, may be repre- 
 lented in the wofds of Ovid : 
 
 Sed trahit invitam nova vis; aliudque cupido, 
 Mens aliud fuadet. Video meliora, proboque ; 
 Deteriora fequor. Met. vii. 19. 
 
 and for the accommodation of thofe, who live ftill more 
 remote, at the extremities of Wales or the- north of Scot- 
 land, I fliall fubjoin principally the fimple verfion of Tate 
 and Stoneftreet : 
 
 A firong deure my yielding foul invades ; 
 
 And paliion this, and confcience that perfuades. 
 
 I fee the right, and I approve it too; 
 
 Condemn the wrong, and yet the wrong purfue, 
 
 110 
 
( 5 ) 
 
 no very elevated conception of my candour in 
 this conftru6tion on the political deportment of 
 Mr. Burke. That he is chargeable, however, 
 with a rellnquilhment of his eftabliflied politi- 
 cal character, not only in my opinion, but the 
 judgement ot the world at large, is demonftra- 
 ble, I think, from one indifputable fa61:. " Who 
 "reads Bolingbroke now ? Who ever did read 
 " him through ? He is gone to the vault of all 
 " the Capulets ;" or equivalent words, were the 
 lively farcallic triumph of our accomplifhed 
 writer over the deiftical remains of that renown- 
 ed nobleman. 1 alfo may fay, " Who reads 
 *' Burke ? W^ho ever has read him through?" 
 His mighty quartos, replete as they are with all 
 the illuminations of philofophic truth, with all 
 the enchanting extravagances of the brighteft 
 fancy, with the fpangles of metaphor, the coruf- 
 cations of wit, and the blaze ot eloquence ; thefe 
 quartos, I fay, with their inexhauflibie ftores of 
 infi:ru6lion, delight, and rapture, lie negle61ed 
 on the fhelf, an, incumbrance to the readers, the 
 receptacle of cobwebs, and the feaft of worms. 
 Yet the folution of this extraordinary phcenome- 
 non is obvious and unqueftionable. The new To- 
 ries and old Whigs, the prefent admirers and parti 
 fans of Mr. Burke, can take no pleafure in " his 
 *' talcs of other timeg," in the thunder of that 
 B 3 oratory, 
 
( 6 ) 
 
 oratory, which was once launched by him and 
 his compatriots at the devoted head of Lord 
 North and the abettors of American fubjuga- 
 «tion ; nor in thofe axioms of conftitutional li- 
 berty and political juftice, breathing benevo- 
 lence to mankind, and raifmg the philanthro- 
 py of their author to the fublime level of his 
 intelleft. This clafs of readers are confronted in 
 every page with pofitions and principles, that 
 were never theirs^ and are now no longer his. 
 They are offended by the hoftilities of argument 
 in the writer^ and feel themfelves unable to 
 fupprefs the lilent impulfe of indignant nature 
 and revolting virtue at the enormous inconfift- 
 ency of the man, on contrafting his prefent ex- 
 crcitations with his former efforts *. The new 
 Whigs are too violently irritated by the fenfe of 
 his defertion to contemplate with complacency in 
 his works the abdicated tenets of a loft, deferted 
 patriot. Thus, between both parties, thefe 
 fruits of genius are abandoned altogether, and 
 fleep in peace, waiting the removal of the pre- 
 fent occupants, when, upon eafier terms to the 
 phlegmatic purchafer, they will, without the 
 feafonable charms of novelty,- 
 
 ^ Hei mihi ! qualis erat, quantum mutatus ab illo 
 
 Heaore ! 
 
 Jf thou beeft he — but oh ! how fall'n! how chang'd 
 
 From him— ! 
 
 Demand 
 
( 7 ) 
 
 Demand new bodies, and in calf's array, 
 Rufli to the world, impatient for the day. 
 
 A(k the bookfellers : they will fhake their heads, 
 and confirm my flatement. Thefe ill-fated vo- 
 lumes may be fuitably compared, with rcfpcft 
 to the prefent and paft admirers of Mr. Burke, 
 to the punifliments of Mezentius : 
 
 Mortua quin etiam jungebat corpora vivis, 
 Componens manibusque manus, atque oribus ora. 
 
 For the later writings of our author are to 
 one the putrid carcafe, that is unfavoury in 
 their noftrils, and contaminates their enjoy- 
 ment ; his former writings are that carcafe to 
 the other. This mighty genius was once the 
 admiration of both parties for his eloquence and 
 his virtue : he is certainly this day but the 
 darling of one at moft, for his eloquence alone. 
 
 Befides, an indifference to truth, or at leaft but 
 a dull perception of her charms, is not obfcurely 
 intimated even by the title of one book. An Ap^ 
 peal from the New to the Old Whigs. The firft 
 queftion, obvious and natural, which I afked, 
 when I read this title, and which Mr. Burke 
 fhould have alked himfelf before he wrote it, 
 was: " Of what comparative importance are 
 B 4 " the 
 
{ 8 ) 
 
 " the fentiments of the old Whigs, or of the 
 *' new F' The proper inquiry, in every inftance, 
 is this alone, " Where is truth, moral and 
 " political, to be found r" With arguments furely, 
 and not with nofes. It appears to me, that fome- 
 thing is effentially wrong in the intellectual con- 
 ftitution of that writer, who makes his Gothic 
 appeal to the fallible judgements of a party ; and 
 weighs, not the cogency of reafons, but the ex- 
 ternal charafters of r^^n, 
 
 After thefe preliminary obfervations, which 
 may contribute, as their intention is, to con- 
 vince the reader of my freedom from all perfonal 
 bias, unfavourable to Mr. Burke, on this occa- 
 fion J I proceed to the pamphlet itfelf, which did 
 not reach me, and that cafually, before this 
 day, February 2.6. 
 
 " To be ill fpoken of, in whatever language 
 " they fpeak, by the zealots of the new feet in 
 " philofophy and pohticks, of which thefe no- 
 " ble perfons think fo charitably, and of which 
 " others tjnink fo juftjy, to me, is no matter of 
 " uneafinefs or furprife." 
 
 Now thefe " zealots of the new fe6t in phllo- 
 " fophy and politicks," to define them in the 
 
 moft 
 
( 9 ) 
 
 moft malignant latitude of acceptation, arc 
 thoie who build on the natural equality of the 
 human race, and the unaflailabJe principles of 
 univerfal juftice, the claim of every citizen in a 
 community, to an equal enjoyment of privilege 
 and protection, and the reafonable comforts of 
 fociety in proportion to his diligence and worth. 
 But is this a neiv JeEl^ and are their -principles alfo 
 new ? JVlr. Burke ! you are a fcholar 3 well 
 verfed, I believe, in the writings of the great 
 geniufes of antiquity. You are yourfelf compar- 
 able, as a man of exuberant conception and 
 fplendid eloquence, to the nobleft of them all. 
 M'ill you condefccnd to inform me, in what ce- 
 lebrated author of Greece or Rome, whether 
 poet, philofopher, or hiftorian, we do not find 
 fuch principles of univerfal liberty, blended alike 
 with an acrimonious abhorrence of fervility and 
 ufurpation, inculcated with enthufiaftic ardour 
 and fedulous anxietv r .shall 1 remind vou of a 
 fentiment in Homer, that morning ftar of litera- 
 ture to the heathen world ? 
 
 'H/xjtu ya.0 r'apstYiS a.-7(oa.ivirui suovo-ura Zsvs 
 Kvsc^, svr av ^).iv Katx Sov\iov yi^t'O-^ kX%<Tiv *. 
 
 * Od. K. 322. Or, as Pope well renders: 
 Jove fixt it certain, that the fatal day, 
 Which makes men fiaves, takes half their worth away. 
 
 He 
 
( 10 ) 
 
 He would have feen, that, in a country like 
 our's, in fpite of thofe imfpeakable and undefcrib- 
 ahle blefTings, 2ifree parliament, and a glorious con- 
 jlitiition in church and ftate ; he would have feen, 
 I fay, through this fog of nominal impofition and 
 infufferable infult, that the greater part of fo- 
 ciety, who can fcarcely provide for mere animal 
 fubfiftence, are necejfarily Jlaves ; mere dependents 
 on the capricious bounties of their fuperiours, 
 and of courfe expofed to all thofe vices, which 
 are connefted with abjea fubordination, with 
 laborious employments that preclude intelleaual 
 improvement, the pureft handmaid of morality ! 
 with thofe degrading accommodations, that fmk 
 a man in his own efteem, and ihut out the vivi- 
 fying influence of generous and exalted fenti- 
 ment. 
 
 Again : to pafs over a long lift of illuftrious 
 heroes through many centuries, even Virgil, 
 who was indebted, not for fubfiftence only, but 
 for life, to the favour of an arbitrary prince, 
 never abandoned that magnanimity of foul and 
 reaitude of thought, congenial to a Roman fpi- 
 rlt. He dared to proclaim the lovelinefs of liberty 
 in the face of his faviour, his benefaaor, and his 
 fovereign : 
 
 •.—. natosque 
 
■ > -■ natosque pater, nova bella moventes. 
 
 Ad poenam pulchra pro libertate vocabit. 
 Infelix ! TJtcumque ferent ea fada minores, 
 Vincet amor patriae, laudumque immenfa cupido *. 
 
 He not only ftates the fa6t, you fee, in the garb 
 of engaging language, but vindicates and extols 
 the motive : eternifing the father, who doomed 
 his fons to death for confpiring to reinftate an 
 exiled monarch in his throne, and dilTolve de- 
 Moc racy! Thefe are the heralds of equality and 
 liberty in ancient times. From Edmund Burke 
 und the 7iew Whigs of our days, I appeal to thefe 
 antiquated Whigs of Athens and of Rome. 
 
 Indeed, I know not, if any topic of medita- 
 tion has been productive to my mind of more 
 furprife, and of regret, and fliame, and horrour, 
 commenfurate to that furprife, than what arifes 
 
 * u?^n. vi. 821. Thus tranflated difFufely, but with in- 
 ■comparable elegance, by Pitt : 
 
 His fons, who arm the Tarquins to maintain, 
 And fix oppreffion in the throne again, 
 He nobly yields to juftice, in the caufe 
 Of facred Freedom, and infulted laws. 
 Though harfli th' unhappy father may appear, 
 The judge compels the fire to be fevere ; 
 And the fair hopes of fame the patriot move 
 To fink the private in the public love. 
 
 7 from 
 
( .2 ) 
 
 from an obfervation of thofe youths of family and 
 fortune, who have received their education in 
 our public fchools and univerfities. The ftudy 
 of thefe authors in queftion forms the chief occu- 
 pation of their time : they read the moft ap- 
 proved of them, pregnant with the coeleftial fire 
 of freedom in their fentiments, in all the 
 charms of melodious verfe, and all the prodiga- 
 lity of grand expreffion, even to the folicitude 
 of imprinting them with exa6t fidelity on their 
 memories ; but, ftrange to tell, and hideous to 
 believe ! without transfufmg the vigour of their 
 precepts into their own lives and converfations. 
 The pure ftream of fober political equality, im- 
 bibed at thefe facred fountains, paiTes through 
 their bofoms, as the fabulous river through the 
 ocean * ; neither intermingling it's current, nor 
 imparting in the tranfit the flighteft flavour of 
 it's qualities. From the democratical inve6iives 
 of Demofthenes and the fervid vehemence of 
 Lucan, that true hierophant of liberty, thefe 
 unaccountable votaries of the claflic ages cringe 
 at court with fulfome adulation, fell their fer- 
 vices of ignominy to a jobbing minifter, and bar- 
 ter for fordid gold their own virtue, the rights of 
 
 * Sic tibi, cum fluftus fubterlabere Sicanos 
 Doris amara fuam non intermifceat undam 
 
 their 
 
( '3 ) 
 
 their countrymen, and the well-being of the 
 human race. 
 
 " It is foothing to my wounded mind, to be 
 " commended by an able, vigorous, and well- 
 *' informed ftatefman, and at the very moment 
 ** when he ftands forth with a manlinefs and re- 
 " folution, worthy of himfelf and of his caufe, 
 " for the prefervation of the perfon and govern- 
 *' ment of our Sovereign, and therein for the fe- 
 " curity of the laws, the liberties, the morals, 
 " and the lives of his people.'* 
 
 Suppofe then we vary the direction of our 
 furvey : fuppofe we put on, for the amufement 
 of a few minutes only, our retrofpeftive fpec- 
 tacles, and contemplate the vafl atchicvemcnts 
 of this wonder-vv^orking ftatefman. Lord Gren- 
 ville, in the bold prominence of irrefragable 
 fa£ls : a-ftatefman. whofe infolence, I think, is of 
 a fabric, for obduracy, beyond that of his com- 
 patriot and coadjutor, existing circum- 
 stances, I mean, in the Houfe of Commons ; 
 who was heretofore my Coryphajus in this re- 
 fpe8:, the undoubted and legitimate heir of the 
 Cibberian forehead of our fathers : 
 
 The genuine mafter of ihe/evenfoU face! 
 
 . ' This 
 
( 14 ) 
 
 This man and his compeers fet out with a defigil 
 to partition and plunder France and her domi- 
 nions ; to reftore priefthood to her ftalls, arifto- 
 cracy to her privileges, and monarchy to her 
 throne : he concludes his courfe with a willing- 
 nefs to fign the eternal death-warrant of prieft- 
 hood, nobility, and royalty in that kingdom, 
 and to acknowledge the eftablifliment of a re- 
 public on their ruins. The only obftacle now is, 
 (a circumftance fupremely laughable to me, but 
 tranfcendently ignominious to this paragon of 
 ftatefmen) not whether France is to be parti- 
 tioned and CONQUERED, but whether ilie lliall 
 preferve her conquests ! 
 
 rifum tcneatis, amici ? 
 
 The pretended motives to this war (for the 
 real motives were, beyond all controverfy, the 
 fuppreffion of a reforming fpirit in the focieties 
 at home, and an actual hoftility againft the hap- 
 pinefsand liberties of Englifiimen) the pretended 
 motives, I fay, were the prefervation of property 
 againft republicans and levellers, and the main- 
 tenance of focial order and rehgion. The iflue 
 has been a reduction of his own country to the 
 extremity of diftrefs, fo as to endanger the very 
 exiftence of our government, and all property 
 moft effeclually, by the probability in no long 
 
 time 
 
( '5 ) 
 
 time of a national bankruptcy, with or without 
 a continuance of the war ; whilft the poor are 
 perifliing in our ftreets with famine, and place- 
 men, jobbers, and contra6lors are glutting their 
 infatiable rapacity with the vitals of their ago- 
 nifing country. The mea7is alfo to this iflue have 
 been a prodigious complication of crimes and 
 miferies, unexampled in the annals of our fpe- 
 cies. Europe and the Indies have been con- 
 verted into one vaft flaughter-houfe, in whofe 
 horrid precin6ts two millions of human beings 
 have been immolated to the Moloch of Englifli 
 minifters, for the prefervation truly! of the 
 faith of Jefus, and for the honour of Jehovah! 
 The profelfors of a religion, which breathes 
 grace, and mercy, and peace, unlimited and 
 undiftinguifliing, to all the children of mortality, 
 have thundered, at the command of fecular fu- 
 periours, their impious anathemas againft French 
 repubhcans, and poured their imprecations of 
 vengeance and extermination to the Father of all 
 flefh, to the God of love and mercy : that God, 
 who then, as thofe very republicans now, 
 *^ laughed them to fcorn, and had them in de- 
 «* rifion." 
 
 What a reverfe is here ! What projects, what 
 means, and what an IfTue to this feries of vaft 
 
 tranfa6tions ! 
 
( i6 ) 
 
 tranfa(5tions ! Is it poiTible for the language and 
 capacities of man to fet forth this fingularity of 
 events,' this wonderful, but glorious, cataftrophe, 
 in any terms of emphafis and ilgnificance, be- 
 yond the efficacy of an unadorned ftatement ? 
 Were even the domineering talents of Mr. 
 Burke to exert all their ener2:ies in the exhibi- 
 tion of this mighty fubje6l, we fhould ftill fay, 
 Materies fuperabat opus ! the high eft flights of 
 eloquence fink beneath the tafk. and are beg- 
 gared, with all their exaggeration, by the plain 
 materials. Such, gentle reader ! is the refult of 
 this fame LordGrenville's political exercitations! 
 fuch are the bleffed fruits, fuch the incalculable 
 benefits, of the manlinefs and refolution of this 
 *' able, vigorous, and well-informed ftatefman 3" 
 benefits and blefiings, characterifed by Mr. 
 Burke himfelf with an unexceptionable accu- 
 racy of phrafe, and that flrift propriety of terms, 
 that extorts even my aflent j as worthy of 
 HIM AND OF HIS CAUSE*. Could wc wifh a 
 feverer puniiliment to our bitterefl enemy'f, than 
 
 * Digniis imperator legione Martia, digna leglo impera- 
 tore. Cicero. 
 
 f Magne pater divum, fasvos punire tyrannos 
 Haul alia ratione velis I ... - - 
 Virtutem videant, intabefcantque rt\\&.a. 
 
 Pers. Sat. iii.35. 
 
 the 
 
( >7 ) 
 
 the complex fenfations arifing at once from the 
 flagitious productions of thofe fcenes of horrour, 
 and the mod complete difcomfiture of fuch 
 audacious heftoring, fuch frantic impotence of 
 malice ? 
 
 ■ Ubi nunc Mezentius acer, et iJIa 
 
 EfFera vis animi? 
 
 Mindful of the two great profeflTors of the 
 poetic art, lately fummoned for another purpofe; 
 were the refufcitation of one man as eafy to me, as 
 the tranfportation of myriads in Charon's wherry 
 over that irremeable ftream is to certain minifters, 
 I would call up the iliade of Homer to reprove 
 Mr. Burke, with accents of fympathetic forrow 
 over deluded zeal and proftituted homao-e, in 
 return for fuch unfeafonable and outrageous 
 panegyric : 
 
 And the fame vivifying caduceus fliouldfummon 
 Virgil from the bowers of Elyfium, to addrefs the 
 incomparable fubjea of the fame panegyrH;, on 
 his political wifdom and fuccefs: 
 
 Ah ! Corv'don ! Corydon ! qua te dementia cepit ? 
 
 And with this diflribution of poetic juftice, I 
 clofe the prefent feries of my remarks. 
 
 C «« The/ 
 
( i8 ) 
 
 " They unplumb the dead for bullets to 
 affaffinate the livrn*;." 
 
 I fele£t for animadverfion but this little claufe 
 only, from one of the fublimeft inve£lives that 
 was ever poured forth by the phrenzy of irritated 
 genius from the fount of eloquence. Oh ! that 
 fuch fplendid ditlion, fuch profufion of living 
 imagery, fuch vigour of conception, fuch fertility 
 of fancy, fuch magnificence of compofition, 
 
 " Thoughts that breathe, and words that burn," 
 
 were mantled in the facred habiliments of Truth ! 
 
 A fairer perlon loll not heaven : he feem'd 
 For dignity compos'd, antl high exploit : 
 But all was falfe and hollow ; though his tongue 
 Dropt manna, and could make the worfe appear 
 The better reafon. 
 
 - Now let us previoufly ftate the circumftances 
 of relation between the allied powers and the 
 French, to affift our judgement on this bold 
 charge of ajjajfmation againft the detefted repub- 
 licans. 
 
 A populous and powerful nation refolve on a 
 new modification of their government, and limit 
 the regal power by certain reftri6^ions deemed 
 
 favourable. 
 
( >9 ) 
 
 favourable, in the opinion of the nation at large, 
 to the liberties and happinefs of the' fubjeft. 
 This monarch, fo conftituted, becomes unfaithful 
 to engagements, accepted with all the formalities 
 of public alTent in the prefence of the people. 
 He is deprived of his office for this breach of 
 honour and of honefty. Now, whether this fove- 
 reign were wrongfully difplaced, or with juftice ; 
 whether this people conduced their proceedings 
 with rigorous propriety and from pure motives, 
 or with a violence and fiercenefs of ufurpation, 
 reprehenfible in any fuppofeable degree you 
 pleafe ; is it poffible for any man, not cankered 
 by the vileft peculation, not giddy with ambitious 
 projedls, not frantic with intemperance of paf- 
 fion ; to maintain, by fober argument, a right of 
 interference with the internal oeconomy of this 
 country, on the part of any foreign potentate 
 whatever ? Are then, indeed, the French juftly 
 deemed ajfajfins, if they repel by force the fan- 
 guinary plunderers and invaders of their terri- 
 tory, who threaten themfelves with flavery, their 
 leaders with deftru£lion, and their capital with 
 the lawlefs vengeance of a ruffian foldiery ? 
 Nay, are thefe people not rather authorifed 
 (I /peak after the manner of men^ and upon the 
 profelTed theories of national politics in the 
 prefent profligacy of human governments) to 
 
 C 2 treat 
 
( 20 ) 
 
 treat thofe fpoilers, as an individual would treat 
 the murderer, who broke into his houfe to butcher 
 himfelf and family, and to fpoil his goods? 
 '*' May he that taketh up the fword, perilli by 
 *' the fword !" I never could contemplate, I 
 freely acknowledge, for myfelf, the conduct of 
 the confederated league in any other point of 
 view than that, prefented in this ftatement ; and 
 had thefe bloodv rava^ers, 
 
 " Who fhut the gates of mercy on mankind," 
 
 been themfelves cut off, root and branch, without 
 ccmmiferation, by the enraged fwords of the 
 republicans ; I fliould have pronounced over their 
 baptifm of death the fentence of the Jewifh 
 captain : " Your blood be upon your own head! 
 " they are guiltlefs!" 
 
 — neque enim lex asquior ulla 
 
 Quam necis artifices arte perire fua. 
 
 Few tears of pity trickled down, few fighs of 
 companion were breathed out, while Phalaris 
 was bellowing the pangs of death in his own 
 bull. 
 
 Upon the whole, nothing now remains but for 
 my Lord Grcnvillc?, this Anak among ftatcfmen. 
 
 this 
 
( 2« ) 
 
 this Lucifer among the twinkling drops of the 
 political hemifphere, to prepare courtly fmiles 
 and phrafes of benignity for a fraternal embrace 
 of an ambalTador from thofe execrable regicides, 
 whom he has reviled with every fpecies of 
 contumelious calumny, " foaming out it's own 
 *' fliame/' in a ftile of the coarfeft poflible vul- 
 garity, that could be raked from the finks of 
 Billingfgate. For myfelf, who have exulted in 
 the fucceifes of the French, and the difgrace of 
 their infolent and odious foes, with a kecnnefs of 
 tranfport not to be defcribed, I have been long 
 prepared to hail the triumphant entry of a 
 republican reprefentative ; and lliall exclaim, 
 with equal fincerity and rapture, 
 
 Dicite, lo Pspr.n ! et lo, bis dicite, Pican ! 
 
 Oh ! may I live to hail that glorious day, 
 
 And fiiig loud Pzeans through the crouded way ! 
 
 Such a determination, therefore, as this upon 
 the prefent cafe, which dignifies real murderers 
 with the title of religious champions, and com- 
 mendable vindicators of peace and order, whilft 
 it calumniates the defenders of their country, 
 their property and their lives, with the atrocious 
 chara6ter of oj^ajfim ; is one of thofe monftrous 
 perverfities, which degrade the fpecies itfelf, and 
 
 C 3 approxi- 
 
( " ) 
 
 approximate to a perfect brutalizatlon of ra- 
 tionality. 
 
 As for our author's " fan6i:uary of the tomb," 
 and " his immunities of the dead," &ic. thefe are 
 the canting whimfies of a wild and gloomy ima- 
 gination ; the hypertragical vvhinings of puerile 
 fuperftition ; the doatings of the nurfe, and the 
 bugbears of the infant. Surely the utilities of the 
 living will form the concern of reafonable men -, 
 not the inexplicable confolations of the dead. 
 
 Id cinerem, aut manes credis curare fepultos ? 
 
 For all is calm in that eternal fleep : 
 
 There Grief forgets to groan, and Love to weep. 
 
 At Shelford, near Nottingham, is the burial- 
 vault of the Earls of Chefterfield. Some years 
 ago, the fexton of that church, who was a tailor 
 by trade, violated ^' the fan£luary of the tomb," 
 by cabbaging dices of red velvet from the coffins 
 of the noble fleepers, and felling them for coat' 
 collars to his cuftomers. The whole pariih was 
 furprifed at the quantity of red capes flaunting 
 through the village, and illuminating the country 
 round. At length the vicar, a fagacious and 
 pious man ! traced the caufe of thefe flaming 
 exhibitions ; and wrote, in terms of the mofl: 
 
 piteous 
 
in) 
 
 piteous horrour and lamentation, to the late Earl 
 upon the fubjeft of fuch terrific and unhallowed 
 depredation. The witty nobleman adminiftered 
 ghoftly comfort to his vicar; exhorted him to 
 moderate the excefles of his forrow -, and to join 
 rather with himfelf in admiring and commending 
 the provident ingenuity of the tailor, for bringing 
 into light and employing ufefully what himfelf 
 and his anceftors had configned to eternal dark- 
 nefs and decay^ 
 
 What our author next advances, here and 
 throughout his pamphlet, of a perfonal nature 
 merely, in juftification of his peniion, is in mofl 
 refpefts fo reafonable, and is altogether conveyed 
 in fuch melting ftrains cf pathetic eloquence, as 
 might difarm even Malice and Antipathy them 
 felves of a wifti to cenfure. By me at lealt, the 
 facred forrows of true genius, and the difconfo- 
 late lamentations of an afflifted father, Ihall be 
 regarded, not with refpeft only, but with re- 
 verence. I have no willi but to counteraci: the 
 pernicious tendency of political extravagances 
 and abfurdities ; and hope, with a warmth of 
 lincerity not exceeded by his deareft friends, 
 that this fun of glory, through a gradual and 
 mild decline, may finally fet in peace. 
 
 C4 As 
 
( 24 ) 
 
 As t© the penfion of Mr. Burke, if the prefent 
 minifters, or any other fet of men, had come 
 forward to the parliament and the public, in a 
 tone, frank, and manly, and explicit: "Mr. Burke, 
 " for a confiderable portion of his life, has de- 
 ** voted, in his fenatorial capacity, thofe talents 
 *' and accompliOiments, 
 
 " Of which all Europe rings from fide to fide," 
 
 " to the fervice of the ftate, and has benefited his 
 ** country in fome moft important inftances : it 
 " is our wifli to recompenfe the merits of fo great 
 " a man, and to provide for the repofe of his 
 " declining years, in a public remuneration, 
 ** fan61ioned by the fuffrage of his country ; and 
 " we apply to that country for this purpofe :"— - 
 if, I fay, a propofal of fuch a nature had been 
 made, and in fome fuch manner, no man, I will 
 venture to fay, w^ould have hinted a fingie fufpi- 
 cion of diflike. All parties and defciiptions 
 would have joined in their applaufe of a meafure, 
 apportioned with difcretion, not lefs honourable 
 to the donors, than the fubjed of it : nor would 
 the Duke of Bedford and the Earl of Lauderdale, 
 I am bold to affirm, been among the laft with 
 their exprellions of afTent, and contributions of 
 efteem. It vyas the clandeftine management and 
 myfterious fecrefy of this tranfa6lion, not unac- 
 companied 
 
{ ^5 ) 
 
 companied by no unreafonable prefumption of 
 the wages of apoftafy, that juftiy excited the 
 generous fenfations of thefe noble perfons ; 
 fyhipathifing in a fpirit of the pureft patriotifm 
 for their exhaufted country, and glorioully ftand- 
 ino- forth as the advocates of oeconomy amidit the 
 unbounded prodigalities of minifteriai corrup- 
 tion *. 
 
 That fufpicion of defertion from the caufe of 
 liberty, as not wholly coincident andcommenfu-r 
 rate with convidion, on which I have juft touched, 
 was but too powerfully aided by a diiplay ot 
 frantic vehemence (charatteriftic in many in- 
 ftancesof profelyteimpofture, which endeavours 
 to atone for it's former obliquities by an inordi- 
 nate fliew of zeal in fupport of it's adopted 
 fa6lion) and a mod callous obduracy to the 
 tender fenfibilities of former friendlhip : an 
 obduracy, as I was informed by a friend to the 
 minilter and a fpeclator of this extraordinary 
 fcene, that affeded the whole afiembly with 
 unfpeakable difguft and horrour at the viftim of 
 fuch wretched palTion ; and imprinted more 
 deeply on the heart of every obferver their love and 
 veneration for the generous affe£iions ot Mr. Fox. 
 
 * Fortunati ambo ! fi quid mea carmina pofTunt, 
 Nulla dies unquam memori vos eximet xvo. 
 
 Mr. 
 
( 26 ) 
 
 Mr. Burke himfelf fhould have difdained the 
 myfticifm and chicanery of fuch paltry mftru- 
 ments. He fliould have fe]t his life diffrraced, 
 his endowments difparaged, and his motives 
 expofeable to the molt legitimate imputations of 
 intereiled accomnK)dation, by acceptin^ron fuch 
 terms the bounty of men, who feem defirous of 
 reducing converts, only to difgrace them : 
 
 " Hate ftronger under fhew of love well-feiVn'd :" 
 
 who join with charlatanical impofture the hard- 
 nefles of inhumanity: who forgive the hetero- 
 doxies of their new affociates, to infure and preci- 
 pitate their ruin, under the femblance of recon- 
 ciliation and benignity. They prefent a branch of 
 myrtle, but under the leaves is a poifoned da'^o-er. 
 
 Exijiing circimjlances have been growing- for 
 fome time paft rather too momentous for jocu- 
 larity s otherwife, as Cicero fomewhere expreffes 
 his furprife, that one augur ,\n\\q\\ he meets another, 
 can forbear laughing in his face; fo 1 have often 
 wondered, that our ftate-augurs can with-hold a 
 fmile of gaiety at each other, from a confcioufiiefs 
 of the grand humbug, which they are carrying- on 
 with fuch complete fuccefs ; cajoling the coun- 
 try, to enrich themfelves. Their conduct re- 
 minds me of a pleafant pailage in the works of 
 
 Pope, 
 6 
 
( 27 ) ^ 
 
 Pope, which might indeed have taught me to 
 fupprefs my furprife, by furnifliing a Iblution of 
 my- perplexity * : 
 
 « It is no wonder in an age of fuch education 
 " and cuftoms, that, as Thucydides fays. Robbing 
 " was honoured, provided it were done with 
 *' gallantry ; and that the ancient poets made 
 " people queftion one another as they failed, 
 " if they zvere thieves? as a thing, for which 
 " no one ought either to be fcorned or up- 
 « braided !" 
 
 Thus far the poet. 
 
 " Aftronomers have fuppofed, that if a certain 
 *' comet, whofe path interfe£ted the ecliptick, 
 " had met tlje earth in fome (I forget what) fign, 
 " it would have whirled us along with it, in it's 
 " excentrick courfe, into God knows what re- 
 " gions of heat and cold. Had the portentous 
 " comet of the rights of man, (which * from it*s 
 ' horrid hair Ihakes peftilence, and war,' and 
 * with fear of change perplexes Monarchs') 
 " had that comet croffed upon us in that internal 
 " ftaie of England, nothing human could have 
 " prevented our being irrefiftibly hurried, out of 
 
 * Eflay on Homer, feft. iii. 
 
 « the 
 
( 28 ) 
 
 " the highway of heaven, into all the vices, 
 " crimes, horrours, and miferies of the French 
 " revolution." 
 
 It is exceedingly to be lamented, that furious bi- 
 gotry in fome, fordid intereft, pride of rank, or fhal- 
 low prejudice in others, Ihould obftru6t or pervert 
 their view in the contemplation of the propofi- 
 tions involved in this quotation : or rather, that 
 with too much difcernment to be deluded them- 
 felves, fuch numbers fhould be reduced by bad 
 paflions anddangerous purfuits toafalfe reprefen- 
 tation of the queftion for the purpofe of deceiv- 
 ing others, and converting their deluded vota- 
 ries into the inftruments of their own ambition 
 and duplicity. The queftion never fubfifted be- 
 tween our prefent political condition, and the 
 exceffes fubfequent on the revolution in France. 
 The alternative truly lay, as every man of fenfe 
 muft inftantaneoufly perceive, and every honell 
 mind as inftantaneoufly allow, between the 
 enormous fpoils of a licentious adminiftration, 
 and a temperate reform of corruptions, which 
 the moft unblulliing retainers of a court could 
 not but acknowledge to exift. It was the de- 
 termined refiftance of all reformations what- 
 foever, and a perfeverance on principle in a 
 fcheme cf domination, which had deprived 
 the people of even the flender dependence hi- 
 7 therto 
 
( 29' ) 
 
 thcrto repofed on the mere fhadow pf a rcpre- 
 fentative conftitution, that made even moderate 
 reformers rife in their demands ; and Cruel im- 
 prifonments and arbitrary perfecutions, upon 
 the infufficient evidence of fpies and informers, 
 a circumftance of itfelf. fufficient to blaft any 
 caufe, with a fucceffion of falfe alarms, and 
 fabricated plots, that drove multitudes from the 
 ftandard of monarchy to the ranks of republi- 
 canifm. I confidently aflert, with the documents 
 of experience and the diftates of philofophy to 
 bear me out in this aflertion, that fuch a refo- 
 lute reje6tion of all propofals for the melioration 
 of a fabric *, which, as human, muft neceflarily 
 want occafional repairs, and fliould improve with 
 improving man ; I aiTert, that fuch acondu6t was 
 probably effeftual beyond all others, even that 
 fo ftrenuoufly oppofed, and fo tragically reviled, 
 
 * But innovation muft be refifted; which, however, as 
 my Lord Bacon obfcrves, Eflay xxiv. is not more turbulent 
 than a " froward retention of cuftom ;'' which remark is 
 preceded by a fentence, fraught with intrinfic wifdom, and 
 extremely pertinent to the prefent difquifition : 
 
 " Surely every medicine is an innovation ; and he, that 
 " will not apply new remedies, muft expe<ft new evils: for 
 «* Tin.e is the greateft innovator ; and, if Time of courfe 
 « alter things to the worfe, and Wifdom and Counfel (hall 
 ." not alter them to the better, what fliall be the end?" 
 
 to 
 
' ( 30 ) 
 
 to bring upon ourfelves " the vices, crimes, hor- 
 " roiirs, and miferies of the French revolution." 
 Such acutenefs of diftrefs, as is fufFered at this 
 moment from famine and other concomitant 
 difafters of the virarj» beyond all example and 
 almoft all endurance, by the inferior claffes of 
 fociety and the poor penfionaries of public 
 bounty, will naturally create a difcontent, in the 
 firfl inftance, with ihe government, under which 
 they labour; and may ripen to a ciifis of defpair, 
 that will involve itfelf and the whole fabric of 
 national exiftence in carnage and defolation. 
 Things cannot remain ftationary long. With the 
 prefent headftrong infatuation of our rulers, a 
 refuge will and mall be fought, in the regular 
 procefs of phyfica! events, from the preflure of 
 infupportable calamity, either in the fiery ordeal 
 of revolution, or the hideous jaws of devouring 
 defpotifm: 
 
 Patet immani, et vaflo refpe£lat hiatu. 
 
 But from defpotifm, the prefent ftate of in- 
 tellectual advancement among mankind, in 
 union with the monftrous unconftitutional ufur- 
 pations of our rulers, and the unprincipled ex- 
 travagance of government expences, are likely, 
 
 I think. 
 
( 31 ) ' 
 
 I think, to fecure the nation, aided by the 
 neighbouring influence of the French repub- 
 lic ; not her arms, but the filent and tranquil 
 operation of her principles on our c]rdra6ter, 
 our manners and, our policy : an impercep- 
 tible efficacious energy ! which nothing can pre- 
 clude, nothing can countera6l, and nothing even- 
 tually refift. I fee that vaft, formidable empire, 
 defcending, like the Nile, from the mountains 
 of ^Ethiopia, circling with it's liquid arms the 
 gay fabrics and the fpacious deferts of monar- 
 chy, ariftocracy, and ecclefiaftical ufurpation. I 
 fee that deluge of mighty waters gradually fub- 
 fide into their wonted channel : I fee them flow 
 with a majeftic tranquillity to the ocean, and 
 all the traces of their former ravages obliterated 
 by one extenfive and expanding Paradife of ver- 
 dure, fertility, and beauty. 
 
 It is a fubjeci: of grievous anxiety and of 
 truly portentous apprehenfion, nor in the lead 
 degree to us, who have devoted ourfelves to the 
 noifelefs occupations of fequeftered literature. 
 
 mutas agitare inglorlus artes, 
 
 that ignorant and befotted ftatefmen, fwollen 
 with ariftocratic haughtinefs, or intoxicated with 
 
 ' power. 
 
( 3^ ) 
 
 power, fliould be paffively endured to play jfuch 
 a defperate game of hazard with all that is valu- 
 able in a community ; and to expofe a whole 
 empire to the lawlefs depredations of the mofl 
 neceffitous and untutored of mankind. And 
 yet the probability of a cataflrophe, fo truly tre- 
 mendous even in idea, is growing daily more 
 and more prefumable, from our difaftrous perfe- 
 verance in meafures, commenced with infanity, 
 purfued with ferocity, and continued from de- 
 fpau". Thefe are melancholy forebodings ; but 
 cannot be too earneftly inculcated, nor too ferl- 
 oufly recommended to the full refledion of my 
 countrymen. The reception of fuch warnings 
 with ridicule, or difregard, will only add to my 
 prcfumption of their validity, from that lingu- 
 lar feif-delufion and infenfate blindnefs, Infepa- 
 rable from the promoters of alarming revolutions 
 on the eve of their appearance. If the prime 
 a8ors in thefe fcenes of madnefs " were aware 
 " that fuch a thing might happen, fuch a thing 
 *' never could happen :" their fears would fur- 
 mount their obftinacy, and lead them to relent, 
 in feafonable conceilions, and gradual reforma- 
 tion. 
 
 Sed tamen efFabor ; diftis dabit ipfa fidefti res 
 Fordtan, et graviter terrarum motibus orbis 
 
 Omnia 
 
( 33 ) 
 
 Omnia conquaflari in parvo tempore cemeSi 
 Qiiod procul a nobis fleftat fortuna gubernans * 
 Et ratio potius, quam res perfuadeat ipfa 
 Succidere horrifono pofle omnia vida fragore. 
 
 Alafs ! the extravagant rampancy of haughty 
 rulers is but too apt to regard the mafs of man- 
 kind as beafts of burden, brought into the world 
 with bridles in their mouths, and faddles on 
 their backs, ready to be ridden with whip and 
 fpur by tHe nurflings of royalty, the defcendents 
 of nobility, and the fable fucceflbrs of the or- 
 der of Melchifedech ! 
 
 The remainder of this extraordinary pam- 
 phlet confifts Q{five feveral divifions. In the/?y? 
 is contained a ftatement and vindication of the 
 writer's political exertions in the fervice of his 
 country, with a detail of the difficulties, oppo- 
 fed to his projeas, from the prejudices of indi- 
 viduals and the peculiar embarraffinents of the 
 times. Such an air of generous felf-eftimation, 
 but attempered with modefty j fuch an appear- 
 ance of fmcerity, that difdains a furrender of 
 it's own worth to the fuggeftions of falfe fhame, 
 pervades this divifion, as imprelTes on the face of 
 the narrative a ftamp of authenticity, that will 
 enfure it's currency with difpafiionate and can- 
 did readers. I myfelf at leaft both wifh it, and 
 
 *^ believe 
 
( 34 ) 
 
 believe it, to be true. A fecond portion is em- 
 ployed on the Duke of Bedford and other parti- 
 culars conne6ted with him. A third is confe- 
 crated to the dirge of parental piety over a fon 
 of his fondefl love. Here indeed are breathed 
 the fighs of immortality ! Here are poured, in 
 forrowful profufion, 
 
 Thofe tears eternal, that embalm the dead ! 
 
 A fourth divifion fulminates a florm of invec- 
 tive, black and loud, upon the revolutionifts of 
 France ; and the laft is occupied in the illuftra- 
 tion of Lord Kepple's chara6ter : a moft 
 ftriking eulogy, fuch as could fcarcely have been 
 hoped from the fondefl: friendfliip of this inimita- 
 ble artifl:, on his magnanimity, his abilities, and 
 his private and public virtues. On two of thefe 
 topics, I fliall prefume to fubjoin a few free re- 
 marks J after premifmg, that the entire compo- 
 fition rolls forward in a flood of fire, deep, flam- 
 ing, and impetuous ; involving every obje6t with- 
 in the vafl: embrace of it's expanfion in one ge- 
 neral conflagration. On the French revolution in 
 particular, which lays every energy of his writh- 
 ing fpirit on the rack of agony, his exertions are 
 in a ftile of terrible fublimity, that thrills to the 
 very marrow of the foul with a pleafmg horrour : 
 
 a fub- 
 
( 3S ) 
 
 a fublimity, in my eftimation, without a parallel 
 in the repofitories of mortal eloquence. 
 
 Qiji genus humanura ingenio fuperavit* I 
 
 _ But, as eloquence is no convertible term for 
 either truth or candour, when we feel our fouls 
 difenchanted by time and refleaion from the 
 forceries of the tongue ; let us find leifure for 
 a difinterefled appeal from the impetuofity of 
 paflion tothefobriety of judgement; and confi- 
 der whether his remarks on the Duke of Bed- 
 ford be compatible either with Truth, with Ho 
 nour, or with Virtue. 
 
 As no circumftances and conneaions of mr 
 life have introduced me tn ,„ • ^ 
 
 knn„,i.^ r L " experimental 
 
 knowledge of this noble perfon, (though, if I 
 
 were mchned to" expatiate beyond my p^raaica 
 .n ormafon, I could extol one tranfcendent ex 
 cellence upon the higheft credibility, and of 
 
 'i« of g.™™/^; T:zz:' IT''''-' '™''™''™- 
 
 -d, negligence. I„ J,, ^Z:^'^^^^ 'f'' 
 port no competition with .he beft wri'ters of a J„ .^ '"^- 
 
 which 
 
( 36 ,) 
 which my mind from the nature of the evidence 
 is perfeaiy allured : 
 
 Vivet extento Proculeir.s aevo, 
 Notus in fratres animi paterni : 
 
 without any conviaion that will authorife on my 
 part the imputation of a fipgle vice) I (hall 
 reftrain myfelf within the circumference of his 
 public charaaer, and defcant on thofe overt 
 aas of political exertion, notorious to the world 
 at large. 
 
 And here furely an ingenuous obferver will 
 find ample materials for the pureft praife, and 
 bid defiance at the fame time to all fufpicion o. 
 infinuating artifice and interefted adulation. 
 
 In the midft of a predominant confternation, 
 that has befotted the intelleas of nobility, and 
 perverted the organs of their intelleaual fight, m 
 confequence of a difpofition to behold the fun of 
 truth, broken and diftorted on the troubled wa- 
 ters of Gallic fury • the Duke of Bedford has 
 preferved his mind in a calm of difpaffionate 
 neutrality : his feelings have continued without 
 diftemper, and his perfpicacity unclouded. He 
 doubtlefs, with all the children of Virtue and 
 Benevolence and Senfibility. has viewed with 
 
 fen fat ions 
 
( 37 ) 
 
 fejiTations of the deepeft anguifli, with fliudder- 
 ing nerves and with a bleeding heart, the fe- 
 rocious atrocities of that unhappy people ; atro- 
 cities, unexampled, I believe, in the fanguinary 
 egifter of human crimes ; atrocities, on which 
 to dwell with deliberate contemplation were an 
 infupportable agony of fpirit. 
 
 cui non conrepunt membra pavore ? 
 
 But his magnanimity and difcernment have con* 
 fpired to inftruft him, how to feparate the 
 aSlors from the caufe ; to diftinguifli the genuine 
 philofophical confequences of radical reforma- 
 tion, from the local, national, and educational pe^ 
 culiarities of the reformers. He has been for- 
 tunate enough to difcover, with other intelligent, 
 unprejudiced, and honeft men, a variety of rea- 
 fons, operative to thefe exceffes, unconnefted 
 with the fevereft principles of equality i reafons, 
 not effentially interwoven with the broadeft 
 fyftem of univerfal Liberty. The grievous op- 
 preffions of that people under the bloody rod 
 of their defpotic tafkmafters, requiring brick, 
 but furnifliing no ftraw^ an infolent and profli- 
 gate noblefle, yet unmollified by poverty and 
 exile, abforbing the vital nutriment of the 
 country, fo that their fleece alone grew wet, 
 when all around them was drynefs and fterility : 
 ^ 3 grofs 
 
( 38 ) 
 
 grofs and defpicable mummeries of fuperflition 
 at once the parent and the child of ignorance 
 and vice, each producing and fpringing from 
 the other with reciprocal operation r thefe, and 
 other concurrent caufes, not difficult to develop 
 and enumerate, with fome probably unknown to 
 me, carried their untutored minds, once un- 
 fettered and put in motion, under the impulfe alfo 
 of their former fufFerings, down the fteep of 
 licentioufnefs and cruelty with accelerated pre- 
 cipitation. To expe£l a well regulated politi- 
 cal oeconomy, without tumult, without violence, 
 without bloodlhed, to eftablilh itfelf at once in 
 fuch untoward circumftances, amidft fuch a 
 conflitt of difcordant fentiments, oppofmg inte- 
 refts,and un-illuminated prepoffeihons, is unphi- 
 lofophical, and mconfequent ; a folecifm in poli- 
 tical reafoning difgraceful to the moft defpica- 
 ble intelje6t, or the very excefs of inexperience 
 and puerility. Immure amaninthegloomyreceffes 
 of a dungeon ; where, for afucceflion of years, no 
 light, fave the cafual glimmerings of aftar, or the 
 pale glances of the moon, (hall render vifible the 
 palpable darknefs, that environs him : tell me, 
 will fuch an one be able to encounter the broad 
 beam of day, and much lefs the meridian blazes 
 of the fun, without giddinefs of brain and a tem- 
 porary extinftion of his fight ? This, if I miftakc 
 
 not. 
 
( 39 ) 
 
 not, may be juftly deemed the condition of the 
 French at the crifis under contemplation. But 
 no peculiarities of this nature (or in an incom- 
 parably lefs degree) accompanied the ftate of 
 Englifli polity and manners, fo as to authorife an 
 indifcriminate abufe and horrour of French prin- 
 ciples, upon a rational expe6^ation of the fame 
 refult in this country, from fimiiar efforts of re- 
 formers. A long twilight of liberty had pre- 
 pared our eyes to meet the emergence of open 
 day without dizzinefs and ftupefaftion. Though 
 the filthy fcum of human authority and hierar- 
 chical domination, with fome abfurdities of lefs 
 extenfive operation, ftill floated on the furface of 
 our religious fyftem, the groffer dregs of Popifh 
 corruption were effeftually drawn off: Chriftia- 
 nity was not confined to the mere externals of 
 oftentatious ceremony, but ferved as a trunk to 
 fupport and nouriili a rational moralitv, con- 
 nefting itfelf with the bufineffes and bofoms of 
 mankind ; and our religion was generally re- 
 garded not as a vifionary myfticifm, and a cloak 
 for hypocrify and crimes, but as a rule of life. 
 
 Thefe are a few, amongft a multiplicity of 
 
 circumftances, that feemed a probable barrier 
 
 againft the dreadful effeas, fo juftly. abhorred, 
 
 but fo irrationally apprehended here; circum- 
 
 E) 4 ftances 
 
( 40 ) 
 
 fiances that might be deemed to render us capa- 
 ble of reaping the fruits of reformation, without 
 previoufly tailing the bitternefs of the root. 
 
 Behold then, with this preliminary provi- 
 fion full before us, a fpeftacle, viewed in all 
 its dependencies and connexions, of no ordmary 
 grandeur. A young nobleman, of the higheft 
 rank, the moft fplendid anceftry, and the am- 
 pleft fortune, Handing aloof from nearly an uni- 
 verfal panic of his peers, at a time when thebafeft 
 arts of Uiinifterial intrigue had deluded the pub- 
 lic fentiment into a confuiion of conftitutional 
 freedom with levelling democracy, and had 
 made even an oppofition to flaughter and de- 
 vaftation a fource of obloquy and danger : be- 
 hold him alTerting with a firm decifion of cha- 
 rafter, with prompt elocution, and cogent rea- 
 foning, thofe maxims of civil polity, that placed 
 the Brunfwic family on the throne ; condemn- 
 ing with indignant energy the grofs depravity of 
 minifters ; and reprobating that ardent thirft of 
 war which appeared, from the fiercenefs of their 
 threats and the envenomed acrimony of their 
 malice, to admit of no abatement, but by 
 quenching it's fervours in the inundation of a 
 whole country with the blood of it's inhabitants. 
 It were eafy to have exhibited this pi£lure of 
 
 firmnefs. 
 
( 41 ) • 
 
 firmnefs, and good fenfe, much more at length, 
 and in all it's attitudes, if an obvious reafon, 
 which refpe6ts myfelf, did not fuggeft the 
 prudence of forbearance on this occaiion. But 
 neither the whifpers of unmanly fliame, nor 
 coward apprehenfion from a charge of adulation, 
 fliall betray me into a real impropriety, by ftu- 
 dying to avoid an imaginary indecorum ; nor 
 fliall Mr. Burke, with all the fafcinations of his 
 eloquence, feduce me from an high admiration 
 and warm applaufe of the Duke of Bedford's 
 conduft. From the diield of aetherial temper, 
 prefented by fuch public Virtue, fuch diiinte- 
 refted Patriotifm, even the furious lance of that 
 flower of chivalry, the weapon of mere mortal 
 paflion, falls innoxious to the ground. 
 
 poflquam arma dei ad Vulcania ventum eft, 
 
 Mortalis mucro, glacies ceu futilis, idu 
 Dilliluit : fulva refplendent fragmiaa arena. 
 
 To pafs over without notice thofe farcaftical 
 afperities on royal grants and tranfmitted pro- 
 perty, furely not perfeftly confiftent in an avowed 
 champion of nobility ; and to difmifs unchaftifed 
 thofe coarfenefles of phrafeology, not very ho- 
 nourable, I think, to fuch exquifite elegance of 
 taftc; I would afk fimply, is it decorous, is it 
 generous, is it manly, is it innocent, to promote 
 
 an 
 
{ 42 ) 
 
 an odium on the Duke of Bedford, from the 
 fuppofed frailties of his progenitors, and from 
 irrelative incidental peculiarities of their private 
 or political condition * ? What high and copious 
 panegyric on the Duke, that through his remote 
 anceftors alone, his character fliould be deemed 
 vulnerable ! And what a fatire is this extraneous 
 digreffion on the head and heart of Mr. Burke ! 
 On his head, for attempting to alTociate two 
 things fo totally unconnected and diffirailar, as 
 prefent worth and antediluvian infirmities, with 
 an expedtation too of duping his readers by fuch 
 a flimfy artifice : on his hearty for a torrent of 
 impotent and inapplicable defamation, calcu- 
 lated to debauch the judgement and inflame the 
 malignant paflions of his readers. 
 
 " The Duke of Bedford conceives, that he is 
 " obliged to call the attention of the Houfe of 
 " Peers to his Majeily's grant to me, which he 
 ** confiders is excelTive and out of all bounds." 
 
 And the Duke of Bedford is, I think, abun- 
 dantly juftifiable in this affertion, and deferving 
 of applaufe, for the fpirit, which prompted him 
 to make it. Mr. Burke ! there muft be fome- 
 
 * Nobilis hie, quocunque venit de gramine. Juv. 
 
 thing 
 
( 43 ) 
 
 thing culpable, it lliould appear to me, either in 
 the difpofition, or the condu6t, of a man of 
 letters, to wifli or require fo large a fum for the 
 fatisfattion of his exigencies. A philofupher, 
 like you, fliould have inured himfelf to circum- 
 fcribe his wants, and moderate every enjoyment 
 purely perfonal, with jealous circumfpeftion and 
 a principled fcrupulofity. 
 
 Quod fi quis veii vitam ratione gubernet, 
 Divitiae grandeshomini funt vivere parce 
 ^quo animo. 
 
 Confider, I befeech you, how many ftudents, 
 not gifted indeed with a tythe of your genius, 
 but in learning and in labour not much inferiour, 
 your penfion would make affluently rich, and 
 happy to the fulleft extenfion of their defires. 
 Condefcend to inftitute for one moment a com- 
 parifon between your enormous grant, and the 
 rule of fufficiency prefcribed by one, well known 
 to you, for men of your intelle6tual and fub- 
 limed chara6ler : 
 
 menfura tamen qua? 
 
 Sufficiat census, si quis me confulat, edam : 
 In quantum litis, atque fames, et frigora pofcunt ; 
 Quantum, Epicure, tibi parvis fuffecit in hortis ; 
 Quantum Socratici ceperunt ante penates. 
 
 Make 
 
( 44 ) 
 
 Make this comparifon, I fay ; and then judge 
 whether you have not difgraced yourfelf, the 
 caufe of letters, and the tenour of your life, by 
 the acceptance of fo vaft a fum, when multi- 
 tudes of your deferving countrymen, from this 
 glorious war of order, of religion, and of huma- 
 nity, are pining in diftrefs, unnoticed and un- 
 known, fhivering with cold, and periihing 
 with famine. Your perfonal dignity, that ge- 
 plus, that fcience, that ftore of literary accom- 
 plifhments, which are all likewife your's in ac- 
 cumulated meafure, " prefled down and running 
 " over ;" have contracted, I fear, a ftain of in- 
 delible diflionour. Either you have never fuf- 
 ficiently imprefled on your mind that dignified 
 fentiment of Pythagoras, 
 
 or you muft have fufFered a temporary rafure of 
 this invaluable maxim from the tablet of vour 
 memory. You, of all mankind, lliould have 
 been aware, that even the benevolence of gra- 
 cious kings might confer but ignominy on Edmund 
 Burke. Refle6t alfo. Sir! that it is a duty of 
 philofophers and Chriftians, to raife ourfelves, 
 after the utmoft capacity of our frail natures, to 
 a refemblance . of the Divinity itfelf. " Be ye 
 6 '* therefore 
 
( 45 ) 
 
 " therefore perfeft, even as your Father, which 
 " is in heaven, is perfeft." True greatnefs and 
 fuperiority of character confift in contraftingthe 
 fphere of our wants, and in the diminution of 
 their number. The man of feweft defires, and 
 thofe defires within thh compafs of his own 
 abilities to fatisfy, exhibits the nobleft pattern 
 of genuine philofophy,and the clofeft approxima- 
 tion to fublimer natures. But the depraved tafte 
 of Mr. Burke may be concluded to regard with 
 more admiration ** the glory of Solomon, than 
 " the lily of the field." 
 
 With refpeft to Mr. Burke's renewed invec- 
 tives on the French, they are virulent, they are 
 furious, they am infernal, to the utmoft capa- 
 bilities of language. But, whether thefe torrent 
 eruptions of outrageous zeal proclaim more 
 loudly the powers of the head, or the perverfi- 
 ties of the heart, is a problem beyond my mate- 
 rials of moral demonftration to refolve. To his 
 vigour of conception, his comprehenfibn and 
 vivacity of thought, his energies of phrafe, his 
 accumulations of original and ftriking imagery, 
 it is difficult for conjefture to fix a limit : but 
 his acrimony, his phrenzies, his abfurdities, his 
 inifreprefentations, and his inconfiliencies, have 
 alfo certainly no bounds. This feems a parallel 
 
 caf« 
 
( 46 ) 
 
 cafe to that flated by Sir Richard Steele between 
 the hierarchy of Rome and the church of Eng- 
 land : the one is infallible, and the other is 
 never in the wrong. It is the cafe, with an ex- 
 ception of variation in their predominant accom- 
 plifhment, of immortal* Marlborough, as efti- 
 mated by the poet of my affeftion : 
 
 In each, how guilt and greatnefs equal ran ; 
 And all, that rais'd the hero, funk the man ! 
 
 When this Jupiter fulminans of literature is dif- 
 chargingall the artillery of heaven (as if it fliould 
 be hell) againft France ^ 
 
 Quicquid habent telorum armamentaria coeli; Juv. 
 
 whilfthe is darting from a black ftorm of wrath 
 his thunder and his lightnings on the republi- 
 cans j whilft he endeavours to difparage thefe 
 fliattered victims of his vengeance by contrafling 
 the fonorous vocabulary of " the Tiirennes, the 
 " LnxembourgSy and the Boiiffiers^' with the more 
 humble and vulgar names of " the Pichegrus and 
 " Jourdans ;" his impofence of paflion not only 
 depraves his judgement *, but betrays his me- 
 mory. 
 
 * Nitimini cohoneftare res turpes, atque, omnibus ar- 
 gutiarum modis pro rebus fubditis, verborum invertitis cor- 
 
 rumpitisque 
 
{ . 47 ) 
 
 mory. Perhaps, the Brunfwkks, and the Co- 
 hourgs, and the Clairfayes, and the PFirtemburgSy 
 may found as big, and may have fought as well, 
 but in much bloodier and more glorious fields, 
 as thefe Turennes, Liixembourgs^ and Bouffiers : and 
 yet the Jourdans and the Pichegrus, to the moll 
 perfeft contentment of my heart ; 
 
 O ! colendi 
 
 Semper, et culti ! 
 
 thefe ignoble fans-culottes, I fay, have exhibited, 
 in thofe mighty heroes of nobility, a moft delec- 
 table exemplification of that fohd and indifput- 
 able maxim : 
 
 T^e man that fights, and runs away, 
 May live to fight another day. 
 
 What ? Is not Mr. Burke av^are, that it may be 
 with generaljliip^ as it is, and has often been, with 
 eloquence and learning /* 
 
 ima ex plebe Quiritem 
 
 Facundum invenies : folet hie defendere caufas 
 Nobilis indoAi : veniet de plebe togata, 
 Qui juris uodos et legum senigmata folvat. 
 
 rumpitisque naturas ; atque, ut dim accidere male fanis fo- 
 let, quorum turbida vis morbi fenfum atque intelHgentiam, 
 depulit, confufa atque incerta jadatis, et inania per rerum 
 figmenta bacchamini. Arnobius. 
 
 When 
 
( 48 ) 
 
 When Marfhal Tallard was riding with the 
 Duke of Marlborough in his carriage, after the 
 victory of Blenheim ; " My Lord Duke," fays 
 the Marflial, " you have beaten to-day the beft 
 ** troops in the world." " / hope^' replied the 
 Duke, " you except thofe %vho have had the honour 
 *' of beating them." 
 
 Let us be infulted no more with fuch boifter- 
 ous nothingnefs, with fuch ineffably contempt- 
 ible bombaft. Our own eyes tell us in the Gren- 
 villes and the Pitts, that heaven-born minijiers 
 exift : and why not generals of the fame zethe- 
 rial extra6tion ? 
 
 -" However, let his Grace think as he may of 
 ** my demerits with regard to a war with regi- 
 ** cide, he will find my guilt confined to that 
 " alone. He never fliall, with the fmallefl co- 
 ** lour of reafon, accufe me of being the au- 
 " thor of a peace with regicide." 
 
 If Ij a fwinijli plebeian, may be allowed to per- 
 fonaie Herod the king, for a fingle moment, 
 " This is Paul unregenerate, breathing out threat- 
 " enings and Jlaughter, rifen from the dead." 
 What a frightful contraft have we here, between 
 Jefus of Nazareth, and Edmund Burke! When 
 
 Chrift 
 
( 49 ) 
 
 Chrift came into the world, peace wsls ftmg* : 
 when he left the world, peace was bequeathed'\'. 
 But War, bloody, favage, unrelenting, extermi- 
 nating War, 
 
 horrid king! befmeared with blood 
 
 Of human facriiice, and parents' tears — 
 
 is the frantic crv, the uniform proclamation, of 
 this infatuated, queftionable prophet of 'arifto- 
 cracy : 
 
 War firft, war lall, war midft, and without end *. 
 
 A peace with regicides! What then would Mr. 
 Burke have thought, had he been a French- 
 man, of a peace with Homicides ? If a man 
 were compelled to make his horrid choice, would 
 he not prefer for himfelf the fingle decapitation 
 of poor unhappy Louis, to fwelling with his war- 
 whoop that terrific yell, which was the prelude 
 to the maffacre, perhaps, of no lefs than two 
 
 (^ * Luke ii. 13, 14. f John xiv. 27. 
 
 X We may reprefent to our imaginations this fpurious 
 difciple of a meek and lowly Saviour, pouring forth his 
 devotional ejaculations to his grim idol, as he is a fcholar, ia 
 terms fomething like the following : 
 
 Cl Ylo/'.siJ.s, y.pvccov "Zarava tsk©^, s ifors asio 
 
 A>.A atsi irpxTovrs, y.ai icrroirov, sv Ts ^io-oiffiv 
 AsiCio' ar-j S' £ix£u /CAuSi, x«< £<ri/^a, cioa, 
 
 E MILLIONS 
 
( 5° ) 
 
 MILLIONS of human beings? many of them, in 
 their individual capacity, of more worth than all 
 the kings in Chriftendom ; and to whom life was 
 as fweet and valuable *, as to the proudeft 
 monarch on a throne. Surely, furely, Mr. Burke ! 
 it is better that one axe Ihould be uncafed for a 
 few folitary vi6tims of royal birth, than that 
 myriads of fzvords fliould leap from their fcab- 
 bards for the affaffination of fuch multitudes of 
 men. 
 
 Though I fpeak thus freely, under the irre- 
 fifl^ble incentives of undifputed and important 
 truths, I feel myfelf, and iliall be deemed fincere 
 by thofe who know me, as deeply imprefled by 
 the unparalleled calamities of that unhappy 
 family, as the generality of fufceptible minds. But 
 for thofe advocates of blood, who could rejoice 
 over the deftruftion of their fellow-creatures, and 
 detail, with exaggerated malignity, the flaugh- 
 ters of the French in their gazettes, with all the 
 exultation of a Cyclops, belching the crudities 
 of human viftims, and befmeared with their 
 gore : — for beings like thefe, I fay, to talk of their 
 
 iXfov ExTvjtrflaj Horn. II. ix. 401, 
 
 and the whole of that divine paflage. 
 
 compailiou 
 
( 5- ) 
 
 companion for Louis and his family, and their 
 deteftatioii of the cruelties exercifed upon 
 them *, is the moft audacious infult on the com-- 
 mon fenfe and feelings of humanity within my 
 knowledge. After a complexion of abfurd in- 
 confiftency, not lefs odious and contemptible, 
 are the commendations laviflied on Mr. Wilber- 
 force for his exertions in behalf of llavery : that 
 politico-theological Satyr! who with one breath 
 can cool the burning anguifli of the African, ^nd 
 with another, in the fame indant, can blaft the 
 fpring from the yearf, by giving his vote to an 
 abandoned m.inifter for the extirpation of half the 
 youth of, Europe by the fvvord ! Men, like 
 thefe, are poffeiTed (it is impoffible!) of no true, 
 fubftantial, fundamental religion whatfoever, 
 feated either in the underftanding or the heart. 
 Their God is Moloch; their Chrift, a fanatic 
 JL'.ggler; their faith, credulity 3 their religion, a 
 
 •* Jam dudiim me fateor, reputautem mecum in anima 
 rerum hujufcemodi monftra, folitum efTc mirari, audere vos 
 dlcere quenqiiam ex his atheum, iiTeligiofiim, facrilcgum : 
 cum, fi veruni fiat atque habeaiur exumen, nullos quam vos 
 magis hujufcemodi par fit appellationibus mmcupari. 
 
 Arnobius. 
 
 ^o?.sy.uj, ovtiuc r^.pxvirr^cci bk rr^g roXsu:;, w; rap si tig to zap sy. 
 r^ svix-jre s^sAot. 
 
 Dion, Hal, ^- Dr.^io^. et Jript. fed. 8. 
 
 ceremonial 
 
( 5^ ) 
 
 ceremonial of paltry fervices ; and their morality, 
 a complication of all unrighteoufnefs. They are 
 indeed the bitterefl enemies of Jefus, and the 
 grolTeil libel on his difpenfation. 
 
 I now clofe thefe ftriflures with a fimple 
 declaration that, whatever conclufion any read- 
 er may choofe to infer from the fpirit of this 
 pamphlet, not one fyllable throughout was 
 prompted by native malignity of heart ; not one 
 fentiment was thrown off by the effervefcence of 
 malevolent emotion againft Mr. Burke, or any 
 being that exifls : fo help me God ! My fole 
 incentive was, an unmingled antipathy to vice ; 
 an antipathy which I will manifeft, unfeduced by 
 intereft, and unterrified by confequences, 'till the 
 touch of Death lliall chill the brain that dilates, 
 ;^nd ftiffen the hand that executes, together. 
 Part of this declaration the fuffrage of my friends 
 will ratify; my condition in life proclaims the 
 reft. 
 
 Hackney, Feb. 28, 1706. 
 
 THE END. 
 
THE 
 
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