m 
 
 ill' 
 
 il iii£ 
 
 if 'ill 
 m 
 
 w 
 
 i,* in: ' 
 
 
 !;;:.:: 
 
 uiii 
 
 WM.: 
 
 
 
DUKE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 Treasure l^om 
 
v* 
 
1 T r^ 
 
 BY 
 
 A SOUTH CAROLINIAN. 
 
 "RESPIOE riNEM.' 
 
 . MOBILE: 
 S. H. GOETZEL & CO, 
 
 186IJ. 
 
( 
 
THE CON FEDERATE. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 The wisest, purest, and best of all the men this continent has 
 given to the world, left ns, in his farewell message of instruction, 
 some counsels of inestimable value, which, if followed by the 
 Nation, would have rendered the disruption of the old Union, 
 which, however, no one can regret less than myself, unnecessary ; 
 and the United States might have moved on in peace and pros- 
 perity for ages. This separation would have been unnecessary, 
 because the causes which led to, and justified it, would not have 
 been allow*ed to spring into existence, if the maxims and admoni- 
 tions of Washington had been lieeded b}' the bigoted fanatics of 
 the North. The Yankee race, true descendants of their fals^ and 
 fanatical progenitors, the bigoted Pilgrim Fathers.^ by their un- 
 ceasing envy, hatred, jealousy and all uncharitableness towards 
 the South, and their egotism, self-righteousness, dissimulation, 
 cunning, cupidity and hypocrisy, have caused the severance of 
 that union between the States which can never be renewed. 
 
 The system of intriguing, selfish class legislation, and unscrupu- 
 lous over-reaching, in all thinjjs, all with whom they came in 
 contact, was inaugurated by the Yankees of the North in the earli- 
 est years of the United States Government, and was steadily, per- 
 severingly and unscrupulously pursued for more than three quar- 
 ters of a century, when it culminated in the election of Abraham 
 Tiincoln as President of the United States, on avowed local, parti- 
 san and fanatical principles. Tliis caused the cup of the South, 
 already filled with wrongs, injuries, outrages and insults, to over- 
 flow. The Union, once so loved bul now so prostituted and de- 
 based, was spurned >vith contempt and loathing. The several 
 States now composing the Confbderacy, each withdrew from that 
 defiled and defiling Union; avowed their determination no longer to 
 
4 THE CONFEDEKATE. 
 
 be a part of the once honored, Lut now degraded United States ; 
 in their sovereign capacities tho.y formed a confederation amongst 
 themselves, and quietly — unfortunately far too quietly — awaited 
 the result. The' result was war, as 1, for one, never for a mo- 
 ment doubted. The question uf peace or war was answered on 
 thel'2thoi April, now nearly two years jigo, by tlie guns of South 
 Carolina at Fort Sumter. 
 
 The bombardment and reduction of. Fort Sumter, forced upon 
 the South 'by the shuffling, duplicity, falsehood, and finally the plain 
 and palpable treachery of the Northern Government, inaugurated 
 a war which still continues, and the end and result vi' which no 
 human wisdom can foretell. Swelling rapidly into vast propor- 
 tions, such as no country has seen for generations, that war now 
 employs the time and occupies the energies of, probably, nearly 
 two millions of men. The pecuniary character of this war is vo 
 less astonishing, no less stupendous, than its military phase. The 
 Aboliti9n Government, by its own admission, has been, for o\ci' 
 one year, and still is squandering money at the fabulous rate ot 
 over three millions a day, or nearly one Thousand millions per 
 anniun. Our own force in the field, and our own expenditure, 
 though very far below that of our Abolition foes, is very great, and 
 would, under any ordinary circumstances, be considered enormous. 
 
 This war has now continued nearly two years, and it seems im- 
 proliable, in the nature of things, that it should continue very 
 much longer. Be this as it may, there is already much specula- 
 tion, North and South, as well as in Europe, as to the conclusion 
 of this devastating strife, Avhicli, in the wide area of its actions 
 and consequences, is visiting sullering and privation upon multi- 
 tudes of the distant inhabitants of Europi', as well as upon the 
 belligerents themselves. Speculations as to foreign intervention 
 are rife ; propositions for a general convention oi' all the original 
 States, e'ro the dissolution, with New Jersey as an arbiter, have 
 been thrown out by Governor Seymour, of Now York, in his first 
 message, and letter writera and editors in AbolitiOndom arc occu- 
 pied in giving out suggestions, and devising ineans for bringing 
 this sanguinary struggle to an end. 
 
 One of the maxims of the "Father of his Country," the wis- 
 dom of which is patent to all, is, " In time of peace prepare for 
 
THE CONFEDEEATE. 5 
 
 war/' At this time I doom tlie converse of the maxim worthy of 
 serious attentio]i — " In time of war prepare for peace/' 
 
 This, under any circumstances, would be a point of importance, 
 but in the present state of our affairs— in view of the causes which 
 precipitated this war, the cliaracter of those who wage it against 
 us, the manner in which they have, carried it on, the avowed end 
 they have in view, and the tremendous stake (no less than liberty 
 or slavery to a vile, fanatical, and vandal horde,) which we have 
 in the issue— render it one of pHmary and vital importance. 
 That this war, like all other wars, must have an end— that peace 
 must eventually come— is clear iu the nature of things— is the 
 plain dictate of ordinary common sense— is proved by all past 
 experience, -as recorded in the pages of history. Such being 
 clearly the necessary finale of this tremendous struggle, is it not 
 advisable, even now, to consider, and reflect, and meditate well 
 what shall be the nature and character of that peace '? What 
 shall be the terms of such peace 1 What is necessary to give ns 
 present indemnity and future security ? What is due to the honor 
 and dignity of the Confederate Government, and what amends 
 shall be demanded from the Abolition Government for all its 
 wrongs, indignities and outrages? Taking it for granted that no 
 one of true Southern blood or feeling can, for a moment, doubt 
 the ultimate triumph of the Confederate States— and that, how- 
 ever outnumbered in men or surpassed in the means and appli- 
 ances of 'war, victory must eventually perch upon our banner, it 
 appears to be a not inappropriate season for considering what use 
 we shall make of that victory to which we look forward with un- 
 wavering confidence, from the tried valor of our gallant soldiery 
 and the approval of benignant Heaven. The ultimate success of 
 our cause is beyond a question. Six millions of people, united 
 as we are, occupying a territory extensive as ours, trained to arms 
 from boyhood, bold, hardy, active and chivalrous, never, have been 
 subjugated in the world's annals. What though the enemy be 
 three, or five- what though they were ten to one ? The result 
 would still ]hi the same. Fighting for our altars and uur fire- 
 sides, for all that is prized by, an(i all that is dear to man, we 
 would meet the insolent invaders, the bigots, the robbers, the 
 ruffians, at every point, and drive back their shattered and bleed- 
 ing ranks in terror and disgrace. 
 
 < i i ■ a 
 
6 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 This hfkS been already siiown on many a bloody field of battle. 
 Not two years of the war have elapsed, but time and again our 
 gallant troops have met the foe — met them on their own chosen 
 fields — met them armed and equipped with the most approved 
 weapons and the choicest accessories of modern war and modern 
 art, and ourselves indifierently armed, badly clothed, and but 
 partially organized and disciplined — and have conrjuored them 
 when they outnumbered us two, and three, and even four to one. 
 True, the successes have not all been ours. The many advan- 
 tages of the enem}'-, and, perhaps, too much confidence or too 
 little prudence on our part, have caused us some serious and sad 
 reverses. But the general balance of events, since the w\ar be- 
 gan, is greatly in our favor. At the end of nearly two years, we 
 arc stronger in every respect than at any preceding period, and' 
 to-day better prepared to cope with the enemy, than at any time 
 since the commencement of hostilities. 
 
 Thus far all the efforts of the Abolitionists to cripple us in our 
 resources, and to " crush out the rebellion," have signally failed. 
 Despite their blockade, we have more and better arms than we 
 have ever had before, and ample supplies of ammunition and mil- 
 itary stores. Despite their several " 0ns to Richmond ! "' Rich- 
 mond is still ours, and they are, perhaps, further than ever either 
 from gaining possession of Richmond or *' crushing out the rebel- 
 lion in thirty, sixty or ninety days." Our enemies, like the apos- 
 tles of Millerisin (a fanaticism of thqir own fabrication), have 
 been obliged to cliange their figures. What time they may now 
 give themselves to accomplish their arduous labors it is impossible 
 to say. One thing is certain ; they will again fiiil ignominiously. 
 A united people, fighting for their honies, u])on their own soil, are 
 not to be subdued, and the superior race is never conquered by 
 the inferior. 
 
 The Southron, descended froiti the Cavaliers of Europe, is of 
 the superior race. Accustomed from his youth to the saddle and 
 the rifle, he may be said to be bt>rn a soldier. 
 
 The Abolitionist of the North, sprung from the scum of Eng- 
 land, of Scotland and of Ireland, bred in bigotry and intolerance, 
 is of the inferior race. Accustomed from infancy to the last, the 
 needle, the axe or the yardstick, to thrift, fraud and chicane, hav- 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 7 
 
 Ing, ill most cases, never mounted a horse or fired a gun in his 
 whole life, he may be safely said to have been born not a sol- 
 diei*. These, with the addition of ignorant and pauper foreigners, 
 the Hessians of this war, constitute the forces of our enemy. 
 
 The motives which actuate us are higher, purer, nobler than 
 those of the enemy, in much the same degree that we are morally 
 and personally superior to them. Their incentives to battle are 
 eonrjuest, plunder, revenge ; ours, religion, home, family, liberty. 
 In such a struggle, I repeat it, the better cause and the superior 
 race, with the favor of Heaven, already so remarkably manifested 
 in our behalf, never can be subjugated. The struggle may still 
 be protracted, desperate and desolating. Our privations and suf- 
 ferings may continue, and even increase; our best blood may yet 
 flow more profusely than heretofore, but victory and independ- 
 ence are certain. 
 
 From State to State, from county to county, from hill to plain, 
 on mountain and by river, we will meet the enemy, and we will 
 conquer them. 
 
 If defeated in one field, it shall only restring our nerves and 
 fortify our resolution to win the next one. If, unhappily, broken 
 and dispersed, we will carry on the guerrilla \yarfare, man to man, 
 wheneveT and wherever wef may meet a foe. Prom every hill and 
 hollow, from every tree and thicket, the sudden fire of death shall 
 flash in the face of the enemy. If unable to cope with the ruthless 
 foe in masses, we will cut them off in 'detail, and by all and any means, 
 until our outraged land is free from their pollution. Their pa- 
 trols, pickets, sentinels, scouting parties, shall be pioked off by 
 the unerring rifle ; their communications broken up, and their trains 
 captured and destroyed. The war shall be by day and by night, 
 and the conflict unceasing, until the Abolition horde shall be glad 
 to escape, if escape they can, with barely life, from the land they 
 so boastfully came to conquer and possess. They shall be at- 
 tacked, wearied, harassed, destroyed, at all times, in all ways and 
 all places, until we shall 
 
 "Make our valleys, reeking caves, 
 
 Live in the awc-struck miuds of men ; 
 Till bigots tremble, when the knaves 
 
 Mention each bloody Southf-ru glen."* 
 
 * Slightly altered from the original, 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ■No. 2. 
 
 " If there was n bag of ocftoe in boll, a. Yankee ivould go altev it I "" 
 
 The above forcible, though not \ory elegant quotation, expresses 
 well the sense entertained by its author of the great principle of 
 all Yankeedom — immeasurable avai-ice. The reinark is attribu- 
 ted to the black, Christopho, once the nominal President of the 
 quasi Republic of Hayti. It comes from one who had ample op- 
 'portunity for observing the unflithomable baseness of Yankee 
 character, as displayed in the West Indies, far from home and un- 
 restrained by the factitious rules of their society, or the fictitious 
 curbs of their peculiar home-moraiity. The authority, I admit, is 
 not a very respectacle one, and I should never have dreamed of 
 quoting it against a gentleman or a respectable people ; but ap- 
 plied to the Yankees, coming from one of that race they profess 
 to consider their equals, and in whose welfare they profess so 
 warm an interest, it seems peculiarly just and appropriate. 
 
 It is this unprincipled and most unscrupulous people with which 
 we are now in conflict. 
 
 In order that we may justly appreciate the true character of our 
 Yankee foes, it is necessary to look a little into their antecedents, 
 and see what record they have left upon the pages of history ; for 
 they, too, like plague, pestilence and famine, the Simoom, the 
 tempest, and the earthquake, and other scourges of humanity, 
 have a history — a history filled with the outrages they have com- 
 mitted upon society, and written in the tears of their helpless and 
 hapless victims. 
 
 Rising into influence and power by their characteristic menda- 
 city and hypocrisy, in the seventeenth century — floating, like other 
 scum, to the top of the cauldron of revolution — for the sins of 
 mankind, probably, certainly for tHeir sorrow, and to their own 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 9 
 
 eternal disgrace and .infamy, tliey seiised upon the powers, and 
 wielded (for a brief period, by the blessing of God) the destinies 
 of a nation. Professing, a desire to reform the Government and 
 restrain the King, they destroyed the Government and mnrdered 
 the King. Prc^rnding to reform the Church and purify religion, 
 they overthrew the Church and destroyed religion.. 
 
 I am no apologists for the Stuarts ; I am no zealous advocate 
 of the Church of- England. Both, no doubt, had their foibles and 
 their faults. But when a king, in many respects worthy of all 
 consideration, and certainly a gentleman and a Christian, is assas- 
 sinated in cold blood, by a wild band of low, unprincipled, and shame- 
 less robbers and villians ; when a church, venerable from its antiqui- 
 ty, the sublime beauty of its service, the pure character, fervid piety, 
 and deep learning of nearly every one of its highest officials, and 
 the unexceptional lives and faithful labors of the Vast majority of 
 its subordinate priesthood, is overthrown, shattered, trampled in 
 the dust by a grovelling, vicious, ignorant rabble, we cannot for- 
 bear the exjDression of sincere sympathy with the one-, nor our 
 just detestation of and deep abhorrence of the other. 
 
 It is no pleasant task to review the history <M the " Puritans," 
 the " Pilgrims," as they are wont to style themselves. A career 
 of such ruthless selfishness, of such unprincipled conduct, of such 
 hypocritical profession, it is impossible to find in the records of 
 any other people. It is not pleasant to unmask hypocrisy, to ex- 
 pose villainy, to unveil vice in all its deformity. It is disagree- 
 able to see human nature thus degraded. It wounds our self- 
 respect to think we are of the same human family. Yet such is 
 the task imposed on one who gives even a brief sketch of the lives 
 of the "Puritans," and their undoubted descendants, the "Yankees." 
 It is not easy to impart a correct idea of these people to the 
 Southern mind. For more than half a century. Southern apathy 
 has permitted our country to be. deluged with Northern books and 
 Northern papers. Our school books, our histories, our journals, 
 even our almanacs, have been written, printed, published, by 
 Northern men in Northern cities. To justify their owa rascality 
 and the villainy of their progenitors, these Yankee Mriters have 
 misstated facts, perverted the Bible and falsified history. They 
 have even, changed the vices and crimes of ther forefathers into 
 
10 ' THE CONrEDEKATE. 
 
 virtues and heroic actions. They claim, and with luitabashcd bold- 
 ness, with brazen impudence, still clnini for those sellish impos- 
 tors the crown and the praise of martyrs and heroes. 
 
 Every page of true history folsifies this infamous and im- 
 pudent claim. But how is true history to be • obtained ? For- 
 tunately, Truth is immortal ! The true records of the iniamous 
 career of the vile sect, of which our vandal enemies, the Yankees, 
 are the legitimate descendants and the true and faithful represent- 
 atives, still exist and can be procured, despite all tlieir mighty 
 and persevering eftbrts, during more than two crnturies, to hide 
 them under mountains of falsehood and misrepresentation. 
 
 The Yanivce Abolitionists declare that " the Pilgrim Fathers 
 fled from persecution in England, and came, self banished, noble, 
 lieroic mai-tyrs, to the desert wilds of the New World to escape 
 from that persecution which they M'ere uuable to resist, and to 
 enjoy the inestimable privilege of worshipping God according to 
 the dictates of their ov/n conscience." Vide Peter Parley, Ab- 
 bott, an(i every Geography and History, and almost every other 
 school-book, published in Yankeedom for the last half century. 
 
 These assertion*, if well substantiated, might give to thie Puri- 
 tans, a claim to some small credit, but by no means to any part of 
 the glory claimed for them by their posterity. They would be 
 entitled to that praise, whatever it may be worth, which is due to 
 those who prefer to abandon their country rather than boldly 
 resist tyranny, and choose to expatriate themselves rather than 
 incur the risk of winning the crown of martyrdom! But not con- 
 tent to permit these cowardly runagates to sink quietly into that 
 oblivion which their insignificance so well deserved, even if the 
 story so industriously manufactured by their descendants were 
 true, they must needs, forsooth, be elevated to the, dignity of 
 patriots, heroes, martyrs ! "Was such unblushing impudence ever 
 heard or seen before 1 Truly is the son worthy of the sire ! " The 
 Yankee does credit to the Puritan ! 
 
 But so far is the Yankee story of the Puritans from being true, 
 it is absolutely and entirely false. In m' hole and in part ; in the 
 aggregate and in the constituents, the whole of this Yankee 
 fable, this Puritan apotheosis, is, in every essential point, not only 
 wholly untrue, but the very reverse of truth. 
 
THE CONFEDKEATE. 11 
 
 Take any Yankee history of the Puritans; change every afin-ma- 
 tion to a negation, and every iKgation to an affirmation, and the 
 work would approximate far -more nearly to thatgr(?at constituent, 
 .the absence of v/hich destroys entirely the value of all history — 
 IVnth. 
 
 The true iiistory of the Puritans is, in substance and briefly, as 
 f(.)llows : 
 
 ])uriug the revolutionary periods in Enj^^land, In the time of 
 Charles I., the biprots and fanatics, of which that distracted period was 
 so painfully prolific, banded their hitherto disjointed forces into one 
 or more parties, and in the hope of power, vengeance fur flmcied 
 wrongs, and the spoils to be reaped by the plunder of the rich in 
 the anarchy and confusion of a revolution, * united against the. 
 Throne and the Church. Upon the overthrow 'of the Throne and 
 the downfiiU of the Chnrch, first one faction and then another of 
 these unprincipled schemers ol)tained possession of the chief pow- 
 ers of the Government. Finally all the /powers of the Govern- 
 ment, civil and religiolis, fell into the hands of the Independents, 
 the real Puritans, with Cromwell at their head. Behold, then, 
 these Purists in religion and politics, these pious and zealons re- 
 formers, these self-styled saints, wielding for .a time the whole 
 power of the English Empire ! And in* what manner did they 
 use the power which they had so surreptitiously and criminally 
 obtained 1 Truly, the spectacle is curious — painful but instruct- 
 ive. The king they had professed to desire only to confine M'ithin 
 the constitutional limits of his prerogative, their leaders — who had 
 neither conquered nor captured him — bought with money from the 
 Scots, his native subjects, to whom, m confidence o4 their good 
 faith, he had nobly surrendered his person and his safety. The 
 Scots — not the nation, but the Puritans amongst them, who held 
 the balaiice of power — basely sold him to his blood-thirsty ene- 
 mies ; thus sharing the guilt and infjimy of this unsupjDassedly in- 
 fiimous bargain of blood. Tlie Puritans, true to their character, 
 their nature, and their instincts, immediately butchered the King.' 
 In. the case of the Church, tliese blood-thirsty' saints acted with 
 equal consistency and equal infamy. The Church m as overthrown, 
 its ministers rol)bed and banished, its property plundered and de- 
 stroyed. For the ( hiu'ch they substituted the Conventicle, for tho 
 
12 THE CONFEDEEATE. 
 
 regularly ordained priesthood, any crazy or intriguing fanatics 
 ^vllo taniied they had " had a call ; " for the religion hallo^ved by 
 centuries, theiv own wild, crude and frantic sectarian doctrines; for 
 the pure morals of the Bible, a still', starched, fanatical, gloomy 
 morality, which proscribed any exhibition of feelings, however in- 
 nocent and noble, and all manifestations of airection, however natu- 
 ral and sacred. 
 
 Pretending to be the very saints of the earth, and entirely sep- 
 arate and distinct from all others, whom tb.ey designated as Gen- 
 tiles, world's people, and malignants, they endeavored to ijiark the 
 distinction by manners the most frigid and formal ; by hair of for- 
 mal cut, by habiliments of sober style and sombre hue, by long 
 faces and longer prayers. Even hi ordinary conversation, aban- 
 doning the common language of common sense, they adopted a 
 jargon mixed up of constant random, irreverent quotations of the 
 obsolete expressions of Holy Writ, and their own sectarian cant, 
 which would have been supremely absurd and ludicrous, had it not 
 been at the same time wicked and impious. ■ All the usual courte-- 
 sies and amenities of social life were forbidden ; amusements the most 
 innocent prohibited ; customs, fetes, holidays the most sacred from 
 time and association, denounced, and every usage, amusement or 
 indulgence which could console or cheer the heart of man, discarded. 
 Even the ordinary sounds of the human voice were objectionable 
 in the view of. these new Pharisees, and a low, halting, hesitating, 
 hoarse and snuffling through the nose, became the chosen tone of the 
 Elect. 
 
 Such is the character and such the conduct of the Puritans in 
 England duj^ing the day of their power. They seemed to think the 
 only conduct pleasing to God was that which was most unnatural 
 and revolting to man; that the only sure road to salvation was 
 that which overran and trod down all the natural affections ; in 
 short, that the only way to Heaven was to make earth as nearly 
 as possible a Hell. 
 
 In the madness of their blind and furious zealotry, they tore 
 down the cross from the churches, although, with characteristic 'ig- 
 norance and inconsistency, they sometimes allowed the mitre to re- 
 main, leaving intact the emblem of rank of the priest, while they impi- 
 0"i]isly trampled on that of his, and, according to their professions, 
 
THE CONFEDEFvAtE. 13 
 
 their God — the sign and banner of a common hope and a common 
 salvation. They banished the Bible from their pulpits, because 
 it was read in the churches. Though kneeling in prayer is en- 
 joined, they determined to pray standing, for the reason that 
 churchmen kneel. In all things they endeavored to be as unlike 
 Chi-istians as possible — and they succeeded ; there ucrc none like 
 them before, there are none others like them now ; may there be 
 no more like them forever ! 
 
 Incapable, from the very coarseness and baseness erf their na- 
 ture, of appreciating harmony, they banished all decent music and 
 all tolerable tunes from their places of worship, and adopted a 
 mode and manner of singing, at their places of worship, v.hich has 
 been the abhoiTcnce and ridicule of all succeeding time. Ignorant 
 of all that adorns, elevates, soothes, and gives a charm to life, they 
 made vandal %var upon the fine arts. They broke down the altars, 
 shattered the windows, overthrew the statues, and destroyed the 
 paintings found either in the churches or in private* habitations. 
 Even the last resting place of the dead was no more sacred in their 
 eyes than it is in the eyes of their Yankee successors. They broke 
 ojDcn the tomb* OjUd defaced the sepulchres. As there are no 
 bounds to fanaticism except those imposed by force, the Puritans 
 continued madly in their wild career, from one outi;*age, from one 
 absurdity, from one monstrosity, to anotHer more outrageous, 
 more absurd and more monstrous still. Finally, abjuring all laws 
 except those of the Bible, as interpreted by themselves, and de- 
 nying all authority on earth except that of Jesus Christ, they were 
 ready to make war upon all law, all rulers and all authority ; and 
 would, inevitably, have thrown everything sacred or civil, into one 
 common anarchy. But this did not suit the views of their leader. 
 Cromwell, the only man of marked genius their party ever pro- 
 duced, had used them for his own purposes, and ^irough their aid 
 he had reached the great object of his mighty ambition. He had 
 no further use for them. He was in possession of supreme power ; 
 they could give him no more. This last phase of their ])arty, the 
 rise of the " Fifth Monarchy " faction, ;threatened even to endan- 
 ger the stability of his power. True to himself, but false to them, 
 as they were to all the world, he determined to destroy them, and 
 he succeeded without difficulty. Taking a few of l)is- armed 
 
14 TEE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 guards, he drove tlio small remaining fragment of the " Knmp " 
 from the Parliament House, locked the door, ai/d put the key in 
 b.is pocket. He told them : '' The Lord is lired of you ! '' Croin- 
 well certainly was tired of them. Thencefortli he ruled Euiiland ; 
 ruled it absolutely— rulrd it in the main wisely and well — i)ut he 
 ruled alone. The Puritan power was ^one forever. 
 
 The nation had long been tired of them, and witnessed their 
 overthrow and di.;grace with joy. 
 
 On the death of Cromwell, there v^'as inndi danger of anarehv. 
 Then once more '' the Saints,*' tiiat is, the Puritans, made their 
 appearance on the stage. They who had ruled the nation in mad- 
 ness; who had gone about with the word of God on their lips, 
 and the sword of God in their hands, ; who had bound kins;s 
 in chains, and nobles with iiidcs of iron, came forth from tiiei?* 
 4 hiding pho.ecs to make one more desperate effort for powx^r, one 
 final struggle for empire. 
 
 But their nday had gone by ; their time had passed away. 
 
 Charles I!, was recalled from his exile, and restored to the throne 
 of his ancestors, amidst the wildest outbursts of loyalty and devo- 
 tion. During his whole reign, caretess, despotic, variable as it 
 was — extravagant, vicious, and licentious as were his conduct and 
 his court, the nation gladly submitted to his authority, and were 
 content to overlook his foibles and his faults. They remembered 
 the reign of " the Saints"-— they had not forgotten when that iron 
 rule of bigotry and intA)lerance weighed upon them lilce an incubus, 
 paralyzhig, blighting, destroying, everything pleasant and loveable 
 in life, everything honorable, • and elevating, and sacred in human 
 nature. Then and there closed the history of Puritanism in Enr- 
 land. Its power to do evil was gone. The Puritans, as a political 
 power, then perished forever. In Europe they are heard of no more, 
 and the very n^inie itself wouljd, long since, have sunk intornerited 
 oblivion, but that, while in power, it had shocked the world with an 
 exhibition of follies, vices and crimes, which have doomed the 
 name of Puritan to a most unenviable immortality. 
 
 So ends the history of the Puritans in the Old World. In my 
 next number I purpose to give a brief history of its commencement 
 and progress in the New. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 Tno. 3. 
 
 In my last number 1 had finished my brief sketch of the history 
 of the Puritans in the Old World. Wo have there seen them, 
 after a most wild and wiclved, though brief career, sink into merited 
 insignificance and contempt. In the meantime, however, a portion 
 of the same worthless faction had effected a lodgement on the shores 
 of the New World. 
 
 In 1620, that unhappy ship, the Mayflower, had, unhappily for 
 'humanity, and doubly unhappily for us, disgorged upon the 
 shores of America its fanatical crew, the spawn of that vile 
 faction v/hose "history I have already, recorded, in the last num- 
 ber ; whose principles, or rather total want of principles, 1 have 
 portrayed ; the progenitors of that infamous and beastly race whose 
 fiitting ruler is the "Ape Lincoln," and whose living incarnation is 
 the " Beast Butler." These vile fanatics, with the false cry of per- 
 secution, against themselves, by the Church of England, and the 
 true principles of persecution against every one else, in their 
 hearts — principles which they very speedily put into practice — had 
 just arrived from Europe, 
 
 It is of this portion of the Puritan clan I now purpose to write. 
 I will mention here that I use the words, Puritan, Pilgrim Fathers, 
 and Yankee, in common. They are almost convertible terms, and 
 signify the same worthless crew, whether in Europe or America. 
 But it is of these — the Mayflower Puritans, the Pilgrim Fathers, 
 I now intend to treat. 
 
 They are the Puritans for whom, especially, the lying Yankee 
 writers have put forth such astonishing claims to respect and ven- 
 eration. It is in their favor that the assertion is so emphatically 
 made that " they fled from persecution on account of their reli- 
 gion, in England, to seek religious freedom iu America." A claim 
 
16 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 more entirely unfounded, more utterly false, has seldom, if ever, 
 been made by man. I have just said they arrived from Europe. 
 I said it advisedly ; they had come from Europe, but not ivom. 
 England, in the sense which their apologists and eulogists mean to 
 convey. The band who came over in the Mayflower (alas ! why 
 did she not sink on the way ! ) had been, for ten years, settled in 
 'Holland, and landed in England only to make the final arrange- 
 ments for their emigration to this continent. This is a notable 
 specimen of the Yankee science of lying ; it conveys a falsehood 
 in the words of truth. They did sail from England, it is true, but 
 they had first sailed from Holland, w^here they had lived for ten 
 years just preceding their exodus. The idea conveyed, and in- 
 tended to be conveyed, by the Yankee waiters, is that the severity 
 of persecution in England drove the Pilgrim Eathers out of the 
 country into the wilds of the New World, and that they sailed 
 immediately from England, the place where they were persecuted, 
 to avoid that persecution. To have stated the whole truth' 
 would have been to have belied the pretension to perse- 
 cution. It would then have read, truly, but Very absurdly, 
 thus : " The Puritans fled from England, wdiere they had 
 not resided for the ten preceding years, to avoid perse- 
 cution ! " How could England have persecuted them w hen they 
 were in Holland 1 This very natural question would have oc- 
 curred to every reader. With ready skill in«their favorite avoca- 
 tion, lying, the Yankee writers omit a very material fiict in their 
 statement, which would wholly disprove their charge of persecu- 
 tion, and then boldly present their false assertion to their readers. 
 'But perhaps they may say that the crew of the Mayflower were 
 originally from England — that they were driven to Holland by 
 persecution at home ; and that, after all, the statement is substan- 
 tially true. Let us see how this matter stands : 
 
 That the Pilgrims were originally from England is true ; it is 
 true, also, that it is said they fled to Holland to escape from per- 
 secution at home. But how is the fact % That persecution has 
 prevailed in England, far too often for the credit of human na- 
 ture, is unhappily too true. Each sect of religion, whenever in 
 power, in that country, has persecuted all who differed with them 
 in religious faith ; and by no sect was persecution indulged in . 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 17 
 
 more freely than by thoPiu'itaus tlicmselvcri, during their brief pe- 
 riod of power. But that they were suliering anything from persecu- 
 tion ftt the time of their emigration to Ilolhmi^, is entirely untrue. 
 
 This baseless slander of the Church and Government of Eng- 
 land is of modern manufacture. This charge of persecution, en- 
 tirely unfounded, and a vile fabrication, was not 'made by the em- 
 igrants to lL)lland themselves, nor any such pretence set, up at 
 the time. This, although perfectly characteristic, both of them- 
 selves and their successors, was too notoriously untrue, and too- 
 easily disproved, for them, brazen as they were, to dare the accu- 
 sation. This task was reserved for their shameless descendants, at 
 a distance of three thousand miles from the scene of action, and 
 after the lapse of more than a century. «' 
 
 The only complaint the emigrants to Holland ever made wjis 
 that " they were obliged to pay tithes for the support of a church 
 in which they did not believe, and at whose altars they did not 
 worship." This, which at any time and under any circumstances, 
 could only have been considered a hardship, or an oppression, 
 they never dared to exaggerate into persecution ; this congenial 
 labor has been gratuitously performed by their posterity. 
 
 It is plain, then, there was no persecution to drive the Puritans 
 to Holland. But was taxation, or tithes to support the established 
 church, although they did not believe in it, an oppression, or even 
 a hardship in their case 1 " Circumstances," says the homely 
 proverb, "alter cases." What were the circumstances in this 
 case ? Here I shall have to reproduce a little true history, which 
 conflicts sadly with the false Yankee history of Puritanism. In 
 the latter half of the eleventh century, William of Normandy 
 conquered England, and assumed the crown of that country, which 
 his descendants have held ever since, and, in the person of Queen 
 Victoria, still hold. By a maxim of the English law, the highest 
 title to all thoTand in the empire, fee simple, as well as the right 
 of eminent domain, is vested in tiie crown. William the Con- 
 queror being, by his conquest of England, the owner of all the 
 land of the kingdom, partitioned it oil* into manors, as is recorded 
 in Domesday Book (a work still extant), and conierred these 
 manors upon his favorite chieftaisis, in reward for their services, 
 but upon certain specific conditions. 
 
18 THli CONFEDKKAIE. 
 
 Tliis division of the iaml of EiijxlnU'l was made in fcndal tl nu's, 
 :iii<l diirin«i tho. supreniacv of the J Ionian Catliolic Chmt-h. Tho 
 ]>rincipal (•onditions pf the grants of these manors were tho nor- 
 lorniance of tlicnsual duties of feudatories, l>y tliysc to wlioni tlje 
 l;ind was given, to their sovereign, and the payment of tithes for 
 ihe support of the Chureii. In every other respect these grants 
 '•f lands were pure l)enefaetions — free gifts — the titles in fee to 
 liie grantees, and to iheir legal heirs, forever. The correspond- 
 ing duties, on the part of llie grantees, of feudal service to the 
 grantor, and his successors in oflice, and the payment of tithes to 
 the Churcli, were never, in any case, omitted, hut were always 
 expressly stipulated. 
 
 lUe (jlreat liarons of the Conqu(>ror suhdividcd those manors 
 amongst their favorites, and they again amongst theirs, almost a<l 
 injiiiitnm. Thus were the lands of England parcelled out, in 
 • very imaginable fpiantity, from the manor of the Great Baron, 
 with its thousa)ids of acres, to the small freehold of the laborer, of 
 a few acres or even the fraction of an acre; but all held on tho 
 Rame specified terms, and all were 'subject to feudal services and 
 Church rates, precisely as in the case of the original grantee, the 
 Great Baron of the Conqueror. "J'hus, then, were all the lands of 
 England held in possession of those who occupied them as n free 
 gift, but upon very easy conditions, whieh gratitude would impel, 
 and honesty would require the donee to I'ullill. The Reformation, 
 in the reign of Henry VllI , did not, in any way, alter these con- 
 ditions, or the obligations of the hcMders of lands, any more than 
 did tho succession of one king to another. The death of one 
 Irliig, and the crowning of another, in no wise released the land- 
 holders from their duty of feudal service, and tlic overthrow 
 of the Church of Rome, and the installati(»n, in its place, of tho 
 Chumi of England, in no manner released them from the duty of 
 
 k paying tithes for the support of the Church. The feudal service, 
 in the first cast', due to -one king, became due to another, his suc- 
 cessor. The obligation of paying tithes, in the other case, to one 
 
 y church, became binding upon the landholders to pay them to aii- 
 olher church, its successor. And lliis dut\-, in the latter case, was 
 
 I made clear and indisputable by the will of the king and the laws 
 
 ,; pf the land. 
 
THE C0NFI'!DERATE. ^ 19 
 
 Wc arc now in n position to examine into the case of the Pnri- 
 tans, and their objections to paying tithes. If they posscsse<] no 
 lands, then thoy were not required to pay tithes; if they did pos- 
 sess lands, the question is, how did they come into that possession 1 
 Lands are neither made nor found. They pass by inheritance, bv 
 gift, or by purchase. In this country, where property in land 
 passes wholly unincumbered, in ordinary cases, b}' any conditions 
 whatever; where the title has been obtained by the labor, the en- 
 ergy, or the perseverance of tiic immediate holder, or of his pre- 
 decessor ; ' to require the owner to pay taxes for the support of a. 
 religion he did not believe in, might well be considered a hard- 
 ship, and the enforced collection of those taxes might vory properly 
 be considered an oppression ; but is the case of the Puritans of 
 En.crland, in any respect, analagous 1 
 
 By no means. If they held their lands by direct descent, they 
 held them from those to whom . they had been given upon the ex- 
 press condition that they should pay tithes for the snpport of the 
 Church. In no possible way could they have avoided this stipu- 
 lation, for if the lands were given to them, or had been purchased 
 by them, they had been accepted, or had been purchased, subject 
 to this well known concTition. If they had been ignorant of this 
 condition, it would have been their own fault, for it is the duty of 
 every man who comes into the possession of land to ascertain thcj 
 full nature of his title, and the duties which such possession may 
 devolve upon him. But they were not ignorant of the condition. 
 Every foot of land in England was hehi sul;)ject to the same con- 
 dition, and the ^act was 'patent to all the world, at least all the 
 English world. The effort, then, of the English Puritans to avoid 
 the payment of tithes, instead of being the .upright scruple of a 
 sensitive conscience, as has been so speciously represented, was, 
 in fact, a fraudulent attempt to commit a dishonest action — for it 
 was an effort to avoid the payment of a just debt, and one which 
 they knew to be just ! How well do we recognize the real char- 
 acter of Puritanism here, and how, at all times, in all places, and 
 under all circumstances, it is always true to itself, and to all its 
 own low and grovelling instincts ! The pretended scruple of a 
 tender conscience w as merely a knavish attempt to avoid the pay- 
 ment of a just debt. Ilo^v worthy are their Yaukcc descendants 
 
20 THE COInFEDERATE. 
 
 # 
 
 of so immaculate an ancestry ! The tcrribiy persecuting Church 
 find Government of England allowed, however, these poor, inno- 
 cent and suffering martyrs, to sell ail their property, at their lei- 
 sure, and to the best advantage, and then, instead (as they them- 
 selves would undoubtedly have done, had the situation of the par- 
 ties be'en reversed,) of seizing upon them, and stripping them of 
 the proceeds of their patrimony, quietly permitted them to sail 
 away, to Holland or anywhere else they might choose to go, un- 
 opposed, uiiobstructed, and unpillagcd ; rejoicing, no doubt, to be 
 so well rid of so factious and troublesome a crew.- They landed 
 in Holland, and with their idolized Pastor, Rev. Mr. Robinson, 
 settled in Leyden. 
 
 The Dutch Government, having permitted them to settle within 
 its territory, thenceforth troubled itself but little about them. , In 
 fact, the Dutch Government seems wholly to have ignored their 
 very existence. In this it manifested much wisdom. It was, 
 doubtless, fully aware what a factious, troublesome, and pernicious 
 gang they were, and very judiciously left them- to their own devi- 
 ces. Here, one would suppose, the Puritans might have rested 
 .satisfied. They never pretended, nor have their lying descendants 
 ever pretended for them, that they we're persecuted by the Dutch. 
 They were not compelled to contribute to the support of any reli- 
 gion but their own. They had full liberty to worship any Thing 
 or any Being they preferred — God or Baal, or no God at all. 
 They might read or not read the Bible — pray standing, walking, 
 running, riding or lying down — might pray as long and as impi- 
 ously as suited them. It was perfectly at their own option to act 
 as awkwardly, feel as frigidly, dress as clownishly, sing as dis- 
 cordantly, and snufiie.as abominably, as suited their own wishes 
 and convenience. In short, they could do as they pleased. Tew 
 noticed them; still fewer cared for them, or what they did, and 
 none interfered with them. 
 
 Thus, it should seem that Holland would have been an elysium, 
 a promised land, to the Puritans, but it did not prove so. Either 
 because they were not persecuted, or more probably, judging by 
 their subsequent history, because they had no one whom they 
 could themselves persecute, their experiment, in Holland, proved 
 a failure. Free from the payment of tithes ; exempt from all reli- 
 
THE CONFEDEBATE, 21 
 
 gious taxation, or vexation of any kind ; with full liberty to wor- 
 ship when, where and how they would, and whatever and whomso- 
 ever they saw fit, the darling Puritans were discontent(jd and un- 
 happy. Their community, notwithstanding the zealous labors of 
 their beloved Pastor, Rev. Mr. Robinson, dragged out an unsatis- 
 factory and pi^ecarious existence for ten years, and then crumbled 
 to pieces. By the advice of the said Pastor, they deterniined to 
 sail for the New World. On their way they landed, and re- 
 mained for a short time, in England. Sailinij: thoiico for the 
 shores of America, their last act, before bidding a fuial adieu to their 
 native country, was the inditing and forwarding a letter to the 
 Church of England — that self-same persecuting Church, which had 
 so grievously oppressed them, and against which their descend- ' 
 ants have since fulminated so many bitter anathemas, tn this letter, 
 which is still extant, there is no rebuke for wrongs received, no 
 complaint of injuries inflicted, no allusion to persecutions suflered. 
 The substance of that letter is an earnest eulogy of the Church of 
 England ; an acknowledgement of many and great favors and ben-, 
 elits received from it ; a profession of sincere thankfulness for the 
 many obligations conferred upon the writers, and a promise to 
 hold the Church, ever, in affectionate and grateful remembrance ! 
 Now, this letter is either true or false, and, whether the one or the 
 other, it is a most unfortunate document for Puritan and Yankee. 
 If true, it proves that all the outcry of Puritan and Yankee about 
 oppression and persecution is wholly and willfully fabricated and 
 untrue ; if the letter be false, it proves the Puritans to have been, 
 what all the rest of their history proves them — the most consum- 
 mate hypocrites, the most abandoned liars, and the most abject 
 and soulless sycophants, the world ever saw. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ISTO. 4:, 
 
 After a cordial and adectionate farewell to tiic (Jhurch of Eng- 
 land, the Puritans sailed for the New World, and in due time 
 * landed upon the shores of America, and upon that part of the 
 coast which is now embraced within the limitsof the State of Massa- 
 chusetts. Thence, in process of time, and from various causes, 
 they eventually settled, or carnc into the possisssion of, the adjoining 
 territory, constituting what is known, at the present day, as the 
 six States of New Enorland. 
 
 What an illustrious instance of placability of temper, and for- 
 giving disposition, was manifested by the Puritans, in thus giving 
 to their new country the name df the old one, from which they 
 had fled, suilering martyrs, to escape the terrible ills of oppres- 
 sion and persecution ! 
 
 Here are the Puritans, on a new soil, free from oppression and 
 persecution ; at perfect liberty to enjoy that darling wish of their 
 pure and pious hearts, the blessed privilege of " worshipping God 
 according to the dictates of their own consciences." Surely they 
 will now be contented and happy. In this new world, under the 
 fostering care of their most mild and merciful religion, their strict 
 morality, and their warm aflection, not only for each other, but 
 for the whole race of man, a new Eden will arise on the Western 
 Hemisphere ; the desert shall blossom like the rose ; peace and 
 brotherly love will prevail ; and at last, 'even on this sinful earth, 
 shall bo realized and enjoyed that heavenly promise In the song of 
 the Sons of Light, " Peace on earth, and good will to men !" Such 
 a result might have been anticipated by one unacquainted with the 
 past history of the Puritans. Such a result might even, to some 
 extent, have been obtained, had not the Puritans simult§,ncousiy 
 
•THE CONFEDERATE. 23 
 
 proved false to all their lofty and high-sounding pretensions, and 
 true to tiieir more grovelling natures and baser instincts. 
 
 NothinjT was achieved by them for the improvement of man- 
 Ivind individually, or the melioration of society. Jealous^', bicker- 
 ii1g, strife, amongst thcjnselves, and treachery, op.pression and tru- 
 elty to others, are the chief (;haracteristics of that model society 
 cstal)lished by the Puritans in New England. Upon their first 
 landing, in a bleak climate, in a cold and dreary, season of the 
 year, upon a wild and sterile shore — weak in numbers, weak from 
 long confinement on shipboard, weak from fatigue and disease,*and 
 terribly straightened for provi.sl..>n8, they were met by the native 
 lords of the soil, at that time strong enough to have exterminated 
 the weak band of Pilgrims, with a kindness, a courtesy, and a wel- 
 come, which would have done honor to an advanced state of civil- 
 ized or even Christian society. The wild Indian, far superior in 
 the native nobility of his soul, to the fanatical Puritans, pitied 
 their weakness, ministered to their necessities, aided them in their 
 difficulties, and fed them in their huiiger. And what was his re- 
 ward ? Treachery the most shameless, and ingratitude the most 
 disgraceful, which blacken the annals of men. 
 
 In their first intercourse with the generous, simple-minded, and 
 confiding Aborigines, the Puritans commenced their well-estab- 
 lished practices, and manifested their true and inhereiit character. 
 Then they began I hat course of deceit, duplicity and chicane, which 
 had rendered them odious in the Old World, and which was to 
 make them infamous in the Nevr. The selfishness, egotism, arro- 
 gance and avarice, which had characterized theni in Europe, mani- 
 fested themselves with ecpial or increased strength in America. 
 The lower and baser passions of humanity had been the springs of 
 action with the Purjtan ; they governed the conduct of the Pil- 
 grim ; they have descended unimpaired, aiid in full force, to their 
 posterity, from generation to generation, and arc as surely the 
 characteristic of the Yankee of to-day, as they were of his pro- 
 genitors in the seventeenth century. 
 
 Too weak, in the outset, for conflict v/ith the Indians, the Puri- 
 tans were content, for the time being, to cheat, to overreach, to 
 defraud tliem. hi tliis thev ea- ilv succi^eded. and tliev. and their de 
 
24 - THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 sceiidants, have made this nefarious success a subject of self-gratu-- 
 latioR, and cotnplacent vain-gloring. 
 
 With the same spirit of brazen effrontery in which their anccf?- 
 tors chiimed " all the religion and all the piety" of their time ; in the 
 the same unblushing impudence with which the Yankees of the pres-. 
 ent generation ha^"!? arrogated to themselves " all the decency and all 
 the morality" of the country, their historians detail the fraudulent 
 transactions of the Puritans, and exult in their successful chicanery. 
 The historians 6t' the Puritans, and their Yankee descendants, tell 
 us that " the Pilgrims bought the lands of the Indians," a,nd specify 
 the amount paid, as, " a bale of blankets," so many " strings of 
 beads," so many "kegs of rum." Stating thus the vast amoiliit 
 df lands purchased, in tens, and tv/enties, and fifties of thousands 
 of acres, and the trifling value of the recompense, they plume them- 
 selves upon that quality, in their ancestors, which so greatly 
 abounds in themselves ; a quality which, in their peculiar par- 
 lance, they name " cuteness," but which is known to the rest of 
 the world by the more clear and explicit denomination of fraud. 
 
 In these very statements, however, where they openly glory in the 
 shameful dishon^'Sty of their progenitors, which, by a peculiar 
 moral obliquity, appears to be praiseworthy in their eyes — so 
 natural, so constitutional, so innate, is mendacity in them — they 
 do not tell the truth ! 
 
 What did the 'Puritans buy from the Indians, and what did the 
 Indians sell 1 What possible idea had an Indian of the exclusive 
 character of title to land, as title to land was understood in Eu- 
 rope ? None whatever. lie might have, and did have, an idea of 
 the right to personal property, but none at all of that to real es- 
 tate, lie could, and did sell, or exchange, or give, his skins, his 
 fish, his game, his hunting implements, or his robe of deerskins. 
 These he had caught, or killed, or made. In these he understood 
 there was title, property. While in his possession they were his, 
 exclusively, and no one had any right to them but himself, ^'^"heu" 
 he sold or gave them into the possession of another, ho fully com- 
 prehended that the title, the property in them, passed away from 
 him to the new possessor. lie could sell them, for they were his ; 
 another could buy them, with his consent, for, being his, he had a 
 right to di'-pose of them. ^ , 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 25 
 
 But the earth belonged to the Great Spirit, and the hunting 
 grounds were lor the common use of his red children. 
 
 True, these hunting grounds were divided out, by imaginary 
 boundaries, amongst* dilTerent tribes, and one tribe was not allowed 
 to use the hunting grounds of another tribe. This, too, the Indians 
 perfectly understood, but even this gave them no conception 
 of pi'operty in la^d, even by a tribe. The tribes themselves were 
 not stationary, but often changed their hunting grounds. The land 
 was wide, the population small, and a tribe, in removing, took 
 possession of unoccupied hunting grounds. Even the division of the 
 hunting grounds of the country amongst the different tribes seems 
 to have resulted rather from the fact that the normal state of all 
 uncivilized races appears to be that of war, and the desire of all 
 to have some settled and specific territory, in which they might, 
 at times, consider themselves in peace and in safety from hostile 
 efforts, than to have originated in any idea of exclusive possession. 
 In each and every tribe the laud was held in common ; no one pre- 
 tended any exclusive title to any portion of it. The habits of the 
 Indians were unsettled and migratory. Their very habitations, 
 light, bark huts, were removable at pleasure. They could be, and 
 often were, removed every few days, and not unfrequently several 
 times the same day. 
 
 I repeat it — the Puritans did not buy the title to the land from 
 the Indians, for the Indians never sold it. It is absurd to say that 
 a man has sold what he never dreamed he possessed, and no Indian 
 ever fancied that he had any peculiar and exclusive individual title 
 to any land wh^itever. 
 
 What the Indians sold to the Puritans was the right to occupy 
 and use their hunting grounds in common with themselves. This, 
 and no more, is what they disposed of to the Puritans. Had they, 
 for one moment, supposed that they were then giving into the 
 hands of the Puritans a power by which they would themselves, 
 at a future time, be expelled from the homes of their infancy and 
 the graves of their fathers, they would sooner have shed the last 
 drop of their blood than have consummated the fatal compact. 
 They proved this at a later day, but it was then too late. Their 
 weak and suppliant visitors had become strong. Every ship from 
 
26 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 the East brought out new bands of adventurers, and soon the for- 
 eigners were too strong for the natives. 
 
 Then, strong in numbers, and stronger still in the advantage of 
 firearms, the Puritans explained to the Indians the full mcanhig, 
 and the consequences of what had been done. They hjjid been too 
 discreet, too " cute," as their Yankee successors would say, to be 
 so explicit in the days of their weakness ; but now they gave full 
 sway to their passions, full expression to their intentions, in the 
 excellent day of their power. Nothing could exceed the aston- 
 ishment, the dismay, the indignation of the Indians, when openly 
 told how shamefully they had been overreached. They remon- 
 strated, they entreated, but in vain. Finally, in the desperate re- 
 solve of a just indignation, they flew to arms. The struggle was 
 a doubtful and protracted one, but gunpowder finally decided it in 
 favor of the Puritans. The Indians were hunted down like wolves, 
 shot like dogs, scattered, overthrown, destroyed. Brave as they 
 were, there was no hope of success, no opening for escape. They 
 perished by multitudes, by tribes. The Puritans carried on the 
 war against the Indians as they alone, or their descendants, ever 
 carried on war in modern times. 
 
 Suffice to say, that they practised upon the Indians all the out- 
 rages, all the cruelties, and the barbarities, which have ever char- 
 acterized savage and pagan warfare. 
 
 It is, probably, not too much to say that the original provoca- 
 tion to the hostilities which so often occurred, was in every case 
 ottered by the Puritans. When no other pretence could be found 
 for making war upon the natives, some of the lowest and most 
 degraded of the Puritans (for as, in every abyss of shame, there 
 is still a lower deep — so, even amongst the Puritans, there were 
 some more debased than the others,) would visit the homes of the 
 Indians, injure or steal their property, insult the men or outrage 
 the females. The Indian, like all noble natures, never very pa- 
 tient of injury or wrong, suddenly stung to madness, very often 
 washed out the injury in blood. Then the Puritans were in their 
 element. One of the "Elect" had been "murdered," and un- 
 sparing war was commenced immediately against the whole tribe 
 of the offender against the majesty of Puritanism. It was pur- 
 sued with inhuman avidity, and the most remorseless severity. 
 
THK COIN i^'KDER ATE. 27 
 
 The tribe, broken and scattered, usually removed towards the^ 
 West. Thus was tribe after tribe cut to pieces, aud driven from 
 their homes, and in this manner-did the Puritans become possessed 
 of many and large additions to the hunting grounds at first so very 
 honestly purchased. 
 
 Let the brief history of one tribe, marked by no unusual or pe- 
 culiar features of atrocity, save in its extensive and wholesale char- 
 acter, serve as an example of tiic Puritan mode of dealing with 
 tlie Indian raee. The Pequods, a tribe of considerable stretigth 
 and power, stung, no doubt, by insult and outrage, had broken 
 into "rebellion.'' Ivcbellion against whom, or what? Wfiat 
 right had the Puritans there, or what claim had they on. the Pe- 
 <]uods to obedience or submission ? But this word, " rebellion,"' 
 was a favorite appellation witii the Puritans, as with their Yankee 
 successors, for all those who resisted their encroachments, or op- 
 posed their exactions. So the Pequods were in " rebellion." They 
 assembled their forces in a stronghold, and fortified it to the best 
 of their limited ability. • 
 
 This rude fort was protected by an abattis of felled trees, the 
 branches turned outward, pointed and sharpened. Here the Pe- 
 quods assembled their whole Ibrce, and made their last stand for 
 independence, and existence as a people. Within the fort were 
 collected their families, women and children, and all their little of 
 worldly goods. The Puritan forces, under Captain Church, soon 
 came upon and attacked them. The defence was gallant and des- 
 perate. At last firearms again triumphed over tlie rude weapons 
 of savage war. The Puritans stormed the fort, mass£^cred the de- 
 fenders, and, setting fire to the wigwams, burned to death tlie in- 
 nocent and the guilty (if there were any there guilty of any higher 
 crime than warmly loving, and boldly defending, their country 
 and their personal liberty), the sick and the well, the hale and the 
 wounded, old and young, male and female, man, woman and child, 
 in one general, merciless conflagration. 
 
 Some few of the warriors, with the wild energy of desperation, 
 broke through the line of fire, and the still more fatal line of Pu- 
 ritan muskets, and made their escape to the neighboring tribes ; ' 
 but the Pequod tribe was destroyed ; it is never heard of more as 
 II nation. 
 
28 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 A few prisoners, old men, women and children, taken captive, 
 were sold into slavery. 
 
 Thus the Puritans had the credit of inaugurating Indian slavery 
 on this continent, as well as that of being the chief promoters of, 
 and principal actors in, negro slavery and the slave trade. " Honor 
 to whom honor is due ! " Let us not deny them their just claim- 
 to these two eminent distinctions. 
 
 Did an Indian chieftain of miarked ability cross the designs of 
 the Puritans, he was disposed of with equal flicility, and equal in- 
 difference to all the dictates of justice and morality. King Philip, 
 of Mount Hope, was one of these. He v/as, if I remember aright, 
 the son of one who had loaded them with benefits. But he would 
 not stoop to Puritan sway, and he was doomed. Unable to con- 
 quer him in fair battle, or to capture him, they resorted to the 
 blackest treachery and crime to accomplish the still greater crime 
 of his destructijon. King Philip had a dear friend, called Sassacus. 
 Sassacus had also another friend, to whom he was much attached. 
 The Puritans caused this friend of Sassacus to be assassinated, and 
 charged King Philip with the crime. By false and lying testimony, 
 they convinced Sassacus of the truth of this villainous slander of 
 King Philip, and stimulated his natural passion for revenge by 
 bribes and threats. Eevenge is considered a virtue by an Indian, 
 and Sassacus consented to murder King Philip. By revealing the 
 haunts, habits, and customs of King Philip, and by betraying, with 
 the basest treachery, all the secrets which had been communicated 
 to him in the openness of confiding friendship, after much time 
 had elapsed, and great efforts had been made, the Puritans sur- 
 rounded King Philip in a swamp, and there he fell, fighting nobly 
 to the last, by a ball from the hand of Sassacus. In a short time 
 Sassacus, himself, was assassinated, and surely, under the peculiar 
 circumstances, it argues no great want of charity to believe, as 1 
 do. believe; that he, too, was murdered by the Puritans. The wife 
 of King Philip, and his infant son, were captured by his Puritan 
 enemies, and both — the one a prince, and the other the daughter 
 and mother of a prince, and the wife, or rather the widow, of a 
 king, were promptly sold, by these mild, charitable, forgiving, 
 Christian Puritans, into life-long slavery in the West Indies. 
 
 The fate of the remnant, the small fragment, of the Indian 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 2*^ 
 
 tribes who cscapcKl dcnth on tlio battle rield, and slavery, nnd who, 
 instead of fleehig to the wilderness of the West, remained within ^ 
 the limits of Puritandom, was scarcely less melancholy, and far 
 less reputable. Without home, tribe, or occupation, they wan- 
 dered about in listless apathy, and soon became worthless vaga- 
 bonds. By associating with the white, they lost all the virtues of J 
 the red man, and soon acquired, in great perfection, all the vice;-, 
 of the Puritan — all save one. In lying they could never even a|v 
 proach their great exemplars. The Puritans supplied them freely 
 with rum, and the lire-water soon completed their utter degra- 
 dation. 
 
 They became the fictims of new and unknown diseases, con- 
 tracted by their association with the Puritans, but never seen* or 
 heard of by their ov/n people. 
 
 They wasted away, and finally perished from the earth. Not 
 two centuries had elapsed from the landing of the Pilgrims, and 
 the Indian race was extinct in New England. They were dead, in* 
 slavery, or gone far towards* the setting sun, so apt an emblem of 
 the fate of their race. 
 
 The Puritans could, no doubt, easily justify themselves for all 
 these enormities, by a few texts from the Old Testament ; such, 
 for example, as, "And Asael arose and executed judgment;" 
 *• Slay the heathen with the edge of the sword ; " or, " Plew Agag 
 in pieces before the Lord ; " and their worthy successors can even 
 fiiid cause of laudation in such devilish deeds ; but history and 
 posterity, will, and have, reversed this judgment, and will yet 
 hold the character and conduct of the Puritans up to a sterner 
 test, and before a more equitable and more august audience than 
 that of their own pliant conscience, or that of their complaisant 
 descendants. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE 
 
 Nt). 5. 
 
 WniLE siich, and so ineflably iiinimons, had boon the conduct of 
 the Pin-itans toward the Indians, let ns examine what was its 
 €l)aracter to each other, and towards the rest of their Own race. 
 Even at the very outset of their career, while scheming, intriguing, 
 and overreaching tlie Indians for the possession of the soil, they 
 were quarreling and striving fiercely amongst themselves for the 
 attainment of political power, and religious domination. 
 
 No sooner had these poor, honest, charitable and philanthropic 
 exiles— these virtuous refugees from oppression and persecution-— 
 these sturdy sticklers for entire political and religious freedom 
 and equality — found the time and the place where they held the 
 supremacy, than they, at once, proceeded to enact laws of terrible 
 severity against all wdio presumed to differ* with them in creed or 
 in practice. 
 
 The Puritans attempted, and that most faithfully, to establish a 
 government upon the purest theocratic regulations, with them- 
 selves as the high priests and the rulers. 
 
 Every one was required to conform his belief to the require- 
 ments of the Puritan creed, and to square his conduct by the Puri- 
 tan code of morals and of manners. EveVy individual was compelled, 
 by their laws, to a prompt and regular attendance at their places 
 of- worship. Absence from the meeting house, and the usual 
 ministrations there, was readily Construed into heresy, the punish- 
 ment for which offence was most prompt and severe,- embracing, 
 as it did, public reprimand and open rebuke, fine, imprisonment, 
 the pillory and the stocks, with a very intelligible indication of an 
 ultimate resort, in case of persistent contumacy, to the stake or 
 the gibbet. Under the pressure of arguniijnts so conclusive, and 
 so potent, the attendance of the Puritan societies upon the minis- 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 31 
 
 trations of their " pastors,"' in tiic " Sanctuary," aixl on the " iSab- 
 bath day" especially, was most satisfactory and exemplary. 
 
 All attended upon these religious ministrations, foi- if the love 
 of God did not draw, the fear of man drove them tliore. Of the 
 character of those ministrations, it is sufficientto say thai they con- 
 sisted chiefly of lono; prayers, and lonc^cr sermons. The nature of 
 these sermons may, in some measure be estimated from the fact 
 that, the 13ible having been exclude/l from their pulpits, as too 
 much like the church, the preacher selected, at his pleasure, some 
 isolated passage of Scripture, and made this text the — at least pro- 
 fessed — subject and foundation of his long discourse. Tlii^ text 
 lie explained, enlarged upon, twisted or perverted, according to 
 his own fancy, his passions, his prejudices, or his general fanati- 
 cism ; generally "> improving the occasion " by a fulsome laudation 
 of his own creed and his own particular sect, or his own special 
 congregation, and a fierce and bitter denunciation of all the world 
 besides, and anathematizing them with all the ills and all the woes 
 his memory could retain, or his imagination conjure up, both here 
 and hereafter, for time and for eternity. In ''civil affairs Puritan 
 rule was no less exacting or severe. All heretics. By which tei'm 
 they modestly designated all the world outside the pale of their 
 own bigoted sect, were wholly ^excluded from " all offices of honor, 
 profit or trust." Nay, inore, the very employment of such un- 
 hallowed persons, even in the most menial capacity, as a day la- 
 borer, as a servant, as a household drudge, was fiercely denounced, 
 and strictly forbidden. In politics and in religion, the Puritan 
 must needs be supreme. The earth was the Lord's — the Puritans, 
 the Elect, the Saints, were the children of the Lord and, of course, 
 entitled to the possession and sovereignty of the earth. No oth- 
 ers had any rights whatever, personal, political or religious. In- 
 deed, how was it possible, in the nature of things, that they should 
 have any right at all, even the right of existence 1 Were they 
 not, in very truth, the children of Belial 2 Having speedily es- 
 tablished matters on this comfortable and satisfactory footing, the 
 Puritans soon took another step. They were then, as now, a na- 
 tion of progress. Having then, as in more recent times, secured 
 all, and more than all, which was their own, they began to look, 
 about thcin to see what they could steal oji* rob irom others. 
 
32 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 In this qufest their peculiar character, and the skill acc[uired 
 from long and successful practice in chicane, soon insured them 
 signal success Having, robbed the Indians of their land, they be- 
 gan to rob each other. Soon they robbed Roger Williams and his 
 followers of their possessions, and, by persecution, drove them into 
 exile. Delighted with their success, and intoxicated with the lux- 
 urious flavor of this taste of persecution, they turned their atten- 
 tion to the Quakers. The mild and peaceable lives of this quiet 
 sect, their meek, subdued,%nd orderly manners, their strict moral- 
 ity, and their undoubted integrity, v»^ere no recommendation, in the 
 eyes of the saintly Puritans, and afforded them no protection. They 
 were expelled, banished, driven out from the society of the meek,, 
 mild, charitable and compassionate Puritans, as though they had 
 been attainted and convicted felons. Nay, more — these immacu- 
 late Saints, these Christians par excellence, these Chosen and Elect, 
 who had but a short time ago been so loud, so vociferous, and so 
 vehement, in their outcries against persecution — proceeded, forth- 
 with, to the enactment of certain wise, salutary, humane, and phi-; 
 lanthropic laws in bejialf of the Quakers. By these laws, it was 
 decreed that in case of the return of a banished Quaker, he should 
 be branded with the letter " H," as a heretic ; if he attempted to 
 preach or promulgate his religious opinions, that he should have 
 his tongue bored through with a red hot iron ; and finally, that 
 for the second offence, he should be hanged ! This, be it distinctly 
 understood, was to be done solely on account of his religious creed, 
 for neither the false-hearted Puritans nor his lying descendants, the 
 Yankees, have ever alleged any other crime against them. These 
 brutal, and worse than savage laws were enacted, and in some cases, 
 wherever opportunity offered, enforced, by those zealous advocates, 
 those devoted apostles of, and those self-sacrificing exiles and mar- 
 tyrs to, the doctrine and principle of " perfect independence -in reli- 
 gion, and entire freedom of conscience " ! Oh ! shame, where is 
 thy blush 1 The Puritans, not content to rule in all civil and reli- 
 gious matters, soon proceeded to interfere with, and legislate for, 
 the direction of private conduct and domestic affairs. Like their 
 Yankee descendants, they were all meddlers and busy-bodies. 
 
 The " Saybrook Platform," the old " Blue Laws of Connecti- 
 cut," remam to this day, a monument of the bigotry, folly and in- 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 33 • 
 
 tolerance of the Puritan, a,nd an object of scorn, of ridicule and 
 contempt, to all the world. It is enough to say of them, Ihat they 
 proscribed all the natural affections, and forbade every manifesto. - 
 tioh of them, however harmless and innocent. As an example, " a 
 man was fined for kissing his wife, on his return from. a long and 
 dangerous sea voyage," and narrowly escaped the whipping-post — 
 the latter ailliir being in a most especial maimer a Puritan " institu- 
 tion." All traveling on the " Sabbath" was strictl}^ prohibited, and 
 the prohibition as strictly enforced. No matter how urgent the 
 necessity, or how terril)lo the reason for traveling, on the " Sab- 
 bath," it must cease. Though the parent were flying to the sick or 
 dying bed of the child, or the husband to that of the wife, if a "Sab- 
 bath " intervened ere the goal was reached', the afllicted traveler 
 and the suffering patient were separated by a chasm as impassable ns 
 the gulf which yawned between Abraham and Dives. Even in 
 sight of the very house containing the sick, or the dying, the ago- 
 nized traveler could not move a step until " sundown " had indi- 
 cated the close of the Puritan "Sabbath," though, in the mean- 
 time, the sick one, whether father or mother, son or daughter, 
 brother or sister, husband or wife, breathed existence away, and 
 passed, unseeing, and unseen by the loved one, though so near, 
 through the shadow of the dark valley. 
 
 At i^ loss how further to annoy and harass humanity, the Puri- 
 tans happily fell upon the notable device of Witchcraft. This 
 afforded a glorious field for the display of Puritan intolerance, 
 bigQtry, malignity and cruelty, and for a considerable time they 
 flourialied and luxuriated in it without stint or limit. 
 
 If I do not err, the Puritans may justly claim all the credit of 
 having been the first to commit murder, in Europe, on the plea of 
 witchcraft; it is certain they inaugurated it on this continent, 
 where they were the first, and only persons, who ever burned 
 witches, as they were the last in this country, as well as the last 
 in Christendom, to discontinue the atrocity. Lest some few of 
 my readers may not fully remember, or comprehend, what is 
 meant by witchcraft, in the Puritan sense of the wgrd, I shall, in 
 as brief terms as possible, endeavor to explain it, as it appeared 
 in New England. • There is usually, in almost every community, 
 one or more poor, innocent, harmless, but helpless old woman. 
 
. 34 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 M-lio. haviiijj^ survived all of her cotemporarics, is unconnected 
 with any immediate relatives, and usually lives alone. Now, in 
 Puritan times, such old women, so situated, were not uncommon. 
 Some weak and sickly ciiild* from the peevishness of illness, from 
 a naturally malicious disposition, or prompted by blder persons, 
 would have, or pretend to have, fit^, spasms, convulsions, and b^'- 
 mu: interroirated, would name one of these unfortunate old women, 
 and charge her with being the cause of this suffering, and with 
 having bewitched him. The poor old woman was instantly ar- 
 rested. ' Removed from her melancholy home, where, in all prob- 
 abillt}-, she was passing away the waning hours of her harmless 
 *and helpless life in sorrowful meditation upon the evanescent char- 
 acter of all human happiness, or speculations on the mysteries of 
 that unknown world to which she must soon depart. She was 
 hurried before her accusers, and at the same time her judges. The 
 pious conclave — the Pastor and the Elders — assembled rapidly as 
 the vultures at the scent of blood, gravely inform her that she is 
 accused of witelieraft. Of course, she promptly denies the charge. 
 But this is all she can do. From the absurdity of the charge, and 
 the intangibility of evidence in such a case, t^e charge can neither 
 bo proved nor disproved. And here, with her denial, one would 
 suppose the matter would end by the dismissal of the poor crea- 
 ture, in peace, to her home. Nothing of the kind. All ho^nor to 
 the Puritans ! They had discovered an infallible method of detect- 
 ing a witch. Where reason, logi(*, and common sense, wholly 
 failed, they met with magnificent success.' By a method, the wis- 
 dom and originality of which is all their own, and for whose mild- 
 ness, gentleness and humanity, tiiey may justly claim all the credit 
 and all the glory, they were enabled to put the question of witch- 
 craft beyond all doubt or cavil. This brilliant discovery was 
 practised in the following manner : 
 
 They tied the old woman, accused of witchcrafl, hand and foot, 
 and plunged her headlong into deep water ! 
 
 If she sank, she was innocent— but in that case she was drowned ; 
 if she swam, she was guilty— and thereupon she was burned ! In 
 either case, whether innocent or guilty, she was sure to perish. To 
 be accused of witchcraft wa^, to the old and helpless, death ; and 
 this wanton wasting of human life was occasioned by the 
 
THE CONFEDERATE, , 35 
 
 malioc of n vindictive brat, the only noUcc of \vho.sc accusation 
 shoukl have been a somid Hogging, and the ignorance, bigotry and 
 superstitious cruelty ot Pastors and Elders, to whom justice would 
 have awarded the halter. This madness made its first appearancto 
 in Salem, in the State of Massachusetts, a State which has been 
 the hotbed, from that day till now, of every grovelling supersti- 
 tion, and every fanatical creed, and every bigoted sect, which have 
 vexed and disgraced humanity. Tiu.' madness, however, was not 
 confined to Salem, nor even to Massachusetts. • The taste of the 
 Puritan for persecution w^as too strong, his enjoyment of human 
 suflering, find the shedding of human blood, too keen, for witch- 
 craft to be <ionfmed to such narrow limits. It spread like wild- 
 fire over all the domain of the Pifiitans. While only the poor 
 and the lowly sufix?red, its progress was onward, and its desolating 
 career unopposed. Pastors and Elders swam with the tide. Even 
 Cotton Mather, the Magnus Apollo of the Yankees, of whose 
 Earning, eloquence and piety they so loudly boast, was one of the 
 witch-hunters and wdtch-burners. ' At last those gifted children 
 who pointed out the witches, grown bolder by impunity, designa- 
 ted some of the Elders and Pastors as the wicked witches, or 
 wizards, who tormented them. This was going too for, and the 
 step proved fatal to witchcraft.^ The sacred caste had been at- 
 tacked, and it rallied, en masse, for the destruction of the enemy. 
 Witchcraft was declared, by the Pastors, to be absurd, and the 
 stories of the afflicted children incredible. The children were 
 soundly beaten, their abettors punished, and witchcraft disap- 
 peared from the world. To New England, however, belongs the 
 distinguished honor of having affordod witchcraft its last resting 
 place on earth. There it spread more rapidly, ravaged more ex- 
 tcTisively, and continued longer and more persistently, than in any 
 other land. There it held its last grand carnival of grief and suf- 
 fering, of agony and blood. 
 
 The ultimate existence, the last struggle, the final triumph, of 
 witchcraft, were all reserved to grace, in an appropriate manner, 
 with their waning glories, the favored land of the Puritan. 
 
 I have now finished my sketch of the character and history of 
 the progenitors of our present Abolition enemies, under the sev- 
 eral names of Independents, Puritans and Pilgrims. I have shown 
 
'66 'hij: cuA^DijKKArE. 
 
 wlin^, they have done, by t lie records of the past, hy which wo may 
 fairly judge what they will do in the future, should their power 
 ever suffice to carry out their intentions. I have little I'urthcr to 
 say of them, until the time of the American licvolution, when, 
 and subsequent to Vv'hich, the conduct and character of their de- 
 scendants — whom, merging all other nanies, I shall hereafter des- 
 ignate solely as Yankee Al:)0'litionists — will require, and shall re- 
 ceive, my special attention. 
 
 Of the Puritans, from the days of witchcraft to the Revolution, 
 it will be sufficient to say that their conduct, under all circum- 
 stances, was characteristic and consistent, and just whs*, judging 
 from their previous career, we should naturally look fpr in such a 
 people. Their actions, in every relation in life, both amongst 
 themselves and in their intercourse with others, continued, al- 
 ways, marked by the same ignoble cunning, the same di^iingenu- 
 ousness, the same intense selfishness, and the same total disregard 
 of the rights of others, which have been the marked charactef- 
 istic^ of the Puritan race in alt their preceding history. 
 
•THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 TSTo. 6. 
 
 We have now traced the histor}^ and the conduct of the ances- 
 tors of our Abolition enemies down to the era of the Revolution. 
 The descendants of these execrable progenitors had at that period 
 become known, and arc still known, all over the world by the 
 name of Yankees — a name now become synonymous with trick- 
 ster and cheat, and infamous wherever loiown, under the wide can- 
 opy of heaven. They caused the outbreak of the American Rev- 
 olution, as their sires had that of England. In precipitating this 
 revolution they, as their forefathers had done, made loud profes- 
 sions of pure principle, and lofty, patriotic feelings. But we know 
 them better now, and distrust their fair pretensions. We have 
 learned, by experience, that whenever the Yankees are loudest in 
 their professions of disinterested and pure motives, then we must 
 look most closely for actions springing from, and controlled by, 
 the grossest cupidity and selfishness. They have taught us that 
 their most lofty professions of pure intentions, and magnanimous 
 principles, are the invariable precursors of some base action ; that 
 when they announce theii; conduct as the result of upright and 
 lionorablc impulses, we are to suspect them strongly of selfish 
 motives and sinister intentions. In this manner, and in this man- 
 ner only, can we judge them correctly, and do ourselves justice. 
 
 The Yankees brought on the war by their resistance to the pay- 
 ment of a tax on stamped paper, and afterwards upon tea. They 
 professed that the tax was as nothing in their eyes, but it was the 
 " principle ! " " Taxation," said !hey, " without representation, is 
 tyranny," and we are resolved to resist that tyranny. The pro- 
 fession was specious, and the principle stated in the maxim true 
 enough. Still I, for one, cannot give full credence to this Yankee 
 profession. Judging by the past history of their fathers, and the 
 
38 THE CONFEDEKATE. 
 
 subsequent history of themselves, I am compelled to (l<Aibt them, 
 and to receive their statement cum grano .sails. Knowing the un- 
 bounded adoration then, and ever since, paid by them to the " Al- 
 mighty Dollar," the depth of their dcvoiion to and their ^edulous 
 v/orsliip at tlio shrine of Mammon, I am compelled to suspect the 
 purity of their very plausible professions, and to suspect that iii- 
 
 ■ terest had more influence upon their conduct than principle ; in a 
 vk^ord, I am forced to the conclusion that their determined resist- 
 ance was rather the result of an unwillingness to loosen their 
 purse-strings than an ardent attachment to liberty, and an unself- 
 
 . ish devotion to the cause of human rights and political independ- 
 ence. This conclusion is foiced upon me the more irresistibly, 
 because their pecuniary interests, at the time, were involved in 
 the question of political freedom, and that the only mode left for 
 them, by which to save their money, was to advocate and support 
 the cause of liberty ; and still further than this, in no instance, 
 cither before or since, which I can recollect, have the Yankees ever 
 manifested any very warrii or zealous interest in the cause o'f lib- 
 erty, unless that cause contributed, in some manner, to their own 
 emolument and advantage. But the Yankees succeeded in their 
 intentions. , 
 
 Boston Harbor was blockaded. The Southern colonies accepted 
 the plausible professions of the Yankees as the true expression of 
 their sentiments. At all events, the doctrine of the Yankees, as 
 contained in the maxim of Otis, already quoted, was true ; it met 
 the approbation of the Southerners ; they sympathised with the 
 Yankees in their privations and sufferings, embraced their party, 
 made common cause with them against Great Britain, joined freely 
 in the struggle, and after an eight years' war, succeeded in win- 
 ning independence for the Yankees, and, as they supposed, for 
 themselves. The Yankees, true to their instincts, and the princi- 
 ples imparted by sire to son for ten generations, have repaid them 
 with characteristic ingratitude ! Here I must beg leave to remark 
 that, by the word Yankee, I do not confine myself to the inhabi- 
 tants of the New England States, for I include all who emigrated 
 to the Abolition States, and the natives of all places where their 
 principles have extended and their doctrines and practices been 
 adopted. Nor do T include in the term, as I use it, as one of 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 39 
 
 shcame and reproach, those wlio, although born in New England, 
 are free from the vices and ianaticism of the land of their birth. 
 There have been many good and worthy men born oven in New 
 England, else had she, long since, met the fote of Sodom and Go-, 
 morrah ! Many of these nol)le men are fighting gallantly, in our 
 ranks, for Southern independence ; of course I do not mean these. 
 By Yanlvce I meiwi a bigot, a fanatic, and an Abolitionist, bo he 
 born where he may, and I call him Yankee, in the opprobrious 
 sense of the word, because Yankeeland was the hotbed from which 
 the vile fanaticism sprang, and the greater part of its children are 
 the propagandists of the fant^ical doctrine. In my usa^re of the 
 term, a man of Southern feeling, actuated by Southern principles, 
 is a Southerner, and an Abolitionist is a Yankee — be they born 
 where they may. In this connection, permit me to say a few- 
 words upon Abolition and the slave trade. Thirty years ao-o, in 
 a public address made in a Northern college, in the early history 
 of Abolitionism, I stated " that the Abolitionists were the legiti- 
 mate, or at least lineal, descendants of those who had stolen the 
 negroes from Africa, and sold them to our ancestors in the South, 
 and that they, these descendants, would, if they ever had the op- 
 portunity, steal them anew and sell them over again." The his- 
 tory of the present war has amply verified my assertion. 
 
 The English nation, which has since, like the Yankees, run mad 
 on the subject of slavery, was the first to fasten it upon the 
 Southern colonies, by force, despite their opposition, entreaties 
 and remonstrances. 
 
 At first the English were the great purveyors of slaves for the 
 Southern colonies, but they were soon rivalled and outstripped, in 
 this infamous contest for gold, by the Yankees. -Hundreds of 
 Yankee ships, with entire Yankee crews, sailed for the coast of 
 Africa, and, on their return, brought back hundreds of thousands 
 of the Africans they had bought, or stolen, to the planters of the 
 South. Wilbcrforce and his fanatical followers, in their terrible 
 descriptions of the horrors of " t#c middle passage," arc silent as 
 to the share the English had in these atrocities The Yankee senti- 
 mentalists, who have gloried in their descriptions of the awful na- 
 ture of this " middle passage," and have painted it in the most 
 direful colors, alike ignore the share taken by their ancestors. 
 
40 -THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 They carefully avoid the truth, as usual. One would suppose, 
 in reading their wild ravings, that the slave trade had been carried " 
 on by Southerners alone, and that the hands of their progenitors 
 were, in this matter, "clean every whit." They fraudulently omit 
 to state, what is the real truth, that, so 41ir as the colonies were 
 concerned, the slave trade was carried on by Yankee capital, by 
 Yankee sailors and by Yankee bottoms, alone.* They studious- 
 ly refrain from admitting another fact, equally true and incon- 
 trovertible, which is, thjit all the " horrors of the middle passage," 
 ^hich so afflict their delicate sensibilities, arose from the grasping 
 avarice and relentlegs cruelty of their Yankee forefathers. The 
 Yankee slave tradeis, with characteristic avarice and inhumanity, 
 allowed to the poor negroes subjected to their coittrol the very 
 narrowest amount of space which could contain the humam frame, 
 and the very least modicum of air, water, and food, which could 
 support human 'life, and this even when crossing "the Line!" 
 Thence, and thence alone, arose all the unnecessary sufferings, all 
 the revolting " horrors of the m.iddle passage." Fiat justicia ! 
 
 When, after the acknowledgement of the independence of the 
 United States, Congress passed an act for the suppression of the 
 slave trade, the Yankees, still deeply interested in the traffic, by 
 their entreaties and their influence succeeded in suspending its 
 operation for some ten years — from 179S to 180S. So much for 
 Yankee history in connection with the slave trade ; and now, hav- 
 ing placed them right upon the record, I must return to the begin- 
 ning of the national history of the United States, from which I 
 have been led away by this digression relative to slavery, and ex- 
 amine into the conduct and character of the Yankees, from that pe- 
 riod to the disruption of the old Union, and in fact, up to the pres- 
 ent time. We shall find, in this examination, much food for re- 
 flection, and many items of information and instruction, which, if 
 well considered and properly improved, may be of great sei'vice 
 to us in the future, by pointing out^ to us the hidden dangers, the 
 shoals, and the quicksands of th^past. By properly heeding these 
 beacons of experience, our new organization may, haply, escape 
 the dangers and difficulties which have rent the old. 
 
 The Yankees, having succeeded in suspending, or postponing, 
 the operation of the law for the suppression of the slave trade 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 41 
 
 plunged into ihao traffic with renewed energy, and redoubled dili- 
 gence. The ueean "was whitened by the canvass of Yankee ships, 
 bearing their cargoes, by thousands and hundreds of thousands, . 
 to tlie markets of the 3<->uthcrn States. This contjnued as long as 
 they could find purchasers ; until, in fact, to use a mercantile ex- 
 ])ression^ they liad '• glutted " the slave market. Then, after hav- 
 ing pocketed the last dollar they could hope to make ifi this very 
 honest and honorable manner, they sold their ships and other ap- 
 pliances for carrying on the slave trade, or diverted them into 
 other channels — ^_joined, open-mouthed, in the loud clamor against 
 the slave trade, commenced their pious enter])rise of Abolition, 
 and proclaiiaed, at least b}' jmpudent assumption, their zealous 
 philanthropy, and earnest affection for the whole African race ! 
 
 How consistent with this proceeding has been the course of their 
 successors ! 
 
 How often have we seen the Yankee, fresh from his home of 
 bigotry, superstition and intolerance, in the North, settle down 
 anumg us, and eventually become the owner of negro property ? 
 ITow often have wo, seen him come into the possession of negroes, 
 cither through sycophancy, fawning and flattery, by marriage, or 
 through cunning, tergiversation, and overreaching by purchase ? 
 And what is the result? As a general rule, they make the very 
 worst masters in the whole South ; exact more labor, feed and 
 clothe their slaves w^orse, and punish them more frequently, and 
 far more severely, than any Southern slaveholder. Some of them 
 remain here permanently, and become good masters and worthy 
 citizens, but many more of them, after securing a fortune, return 
 to the more congenial atmosphere of New England, which is so 
 admirably suited in its folse pretensions, venality and liypocrisy, 
 to their own degraded natures. They remain amongst us long 
 enough to know the groundless nature of their former ideas of 
 slavery, and the utter and shameless falsehood of the thousand 
 and one' slanderous and malicious Yankee tales of slavery and 
 slaveholders ; and no sooner afe they once more settled in Yan- 
 kccdom, than their natural falsehood artd bigotry seem to sjiring 
 into renewed, and more active existence, as if invigorated and 
 strengthened by their long suppression. They become, at once, ' 
 red hot, ramp.iiit, open-mouthed Abolitionists. AH the vi|e avid 
 
42 THE CONFEDEKATE. 
 
 slanderous tales against Southerners and the South, which they 
 once believed through ignorance, and repeated from bigotry, they 
 now, knowing them to be entirely untrue, endorse through sell- 
 interest and fanaticism, and propagate from, malice. They tell all, 
 and more than all, that they have seen and heard, or even im- 
 agined against the South, but there is one thing they are especially 
 careful ndl to tell ; that is, how they, themselves, cleared tiieir 
 skiits of the " crying sin " of slaveholding ! They studiously 
 avoid this subject, and it is wise in them to do so, for the tr^itli 
 would be little to their credit, and a falsehood would be too easily 
 detected and exposed. I do not greatly censure^ them for their 
 silence. A lie, though so easy and so natural to them, \vould not 
 "answer their purpose ; and the truth, besides being disgraceful, is- 
 so strange to, and uncongenial with, Yankee nature, that to tell it, 
 on this or any other occasion, would, doubtlessly, have required a 
 laborious and painful effort ! 1 will tell the truth for them, Spar- 
 ing them the exertion, though I cannot shield them from the mor- 
 tification. 
 
 Wholly unlike, in this as in everything else, the Southern slave- 
 holder, who carefully nurtures, feeds, and clothes his negroes, nurses 
 them in sickness, and decently buries them after death, the 
 Yankee master, when he has resolved to return to his New Eng- 
 land. paradise, immediately sells all his slaves, to the last one, to 
 the highest bidder, and utterly indiiiercnt who the new owner may 
 be, or what kind of a master he may make. The conscientious 
 Yankee, having thus relieved himself from thd taint of slavehold- 
 ing, pockets the money, departs for his congenial home, and never 
 troubles his thoughts again with his deserted slaves, any more 
 than if they were of the beasts which perish, or senseless stocks and 
 stones ! Who ever heard of a Yankee slaveholder emancipating his 
 negroes? To use his own characteristic language, this "would not 
 pay." Now, Yankees never do anything which they think will 
 not pay ; this, in their opinion and language, would manifest, on 
 their part, a very discreditable wmnt of their usual "cuteness." 1 
 doubt if there be a single well authenticated instance of a Yankee 
 slaveholder liberating his negroes, under any circumstances what- 
 ever. 
 
 Many Southern slaveholders have not only emancipated their 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 43 
 
 ii05::roe3, but paid their passage to Liberia, and furnished them 
 ^vith a liberal outfit of clothinix, provisions, and working imple- 
 ments, sufficient to support them for the lirst year, and enable 
 them to enter fairly and easily upon a new life in their new home. 
 The wisdom of tlfis action on the part of these Southern slave- 
 holders may be d(uibted, but the purity of their motives, and the 
 kindness and thoughtfuhiess of their conduct, arc certainly, ac- 
 cording to Yankee ethics at least, beyond all question. Does any 
 one of my readers remember, or has he ever henrd of, a Yankee 
 slaveholder v.ho has adopted the same course towards his negroes'? 
 Yov my own part, I must confess I do not know of one single in- 
 stance of the kind. 
 
 The i^turned Yankee, in the congenial atmosphere and society of his 
 Northern home, becomes immediately a fiery Abolitionist. His lima- 
 ticism and intolerance havmg been so long repressed, in the South, 
 he is like a new convert, and the zeal of his proselyting is unlim- 
 ited. Now he luxuriates in shameless slanders of the manners, 
 customs, morals, and people of the South; now^ he denounces them 
 in unmeasured and unsparing terms. PTaving lived in the South, 
 he is accepted as an authority on all Southern questions, by his 
 Yankee comrades. During his residence in the South he may 
 have heard of some instances of oppression or cruelty inflicted 
 upon a slave. This may or may not be true, for there are some 
 unkind, and occasionally, though rarely, a cruel master, even 
 amongst the Southerners. This I do not wish to deny, for, unlike 
 the Yankees, we of the South have never claimed the risrht " to 
 throw the first stone " at any one, on the ground that we were 
 " ourselves without sin." 
 
 This instance of oppression or cruelty, exceptional and isolated 
 as he knows it to be, if it be true at all, the returned Yankee re- 
 • produces to his Northern audience, garbled, misstated, falsely col- 
 ored, and wilfully exaggerated. Spiced and seasoned to suit the 
 morbid taste of Abolition fanaticism, he represents it as the usual 
 treatment of" slaves by their masters, and a fair example of the 
 character of slavery in the whole South ! His fanatical audience 
 believe, or profess to believe him, and his story is inserted into 
 the Abolition papers, scattered broadcast through the country, and 
 made the ground of new slander, and denunciation of tho South. 
 
44 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 Having catered to the base appetites and vile nntiircti of the Abo- 
 lition pack, the returned Yankee is applauded, caressed and I'eted. 
 He becomes a great nnui in his little circle, and- receives such 
 honor as they can confer upon him. Virtuous ],e[?der ! amiable 
 followers! worthy associates ! Long tnay -he enjoy the dignified 
 position he has so creditably attained, and long may his })ious fol- 
 lowers be cnlightend by his lofty intelligence, and purifu-d by the 
 bright example of his stainless morality ! ITad lie told them the 
 truth, they would not have believed him, or had they believed 
 him, so unwelcome and unpalatable would the truth have been to 
 them, they would have hissed, hooted, and probably mobbed him. 
 In telling them a base falsehood, he has secured their good will. 
 The story he has related accords with their preconceived opinions, 
 confirms their prejudices, and gratifies their animosity to the South ; 
 and so he is welcomed and honored, so fjxr as they can confer 
 honor, by a fidse-hearted and treacherous generation, which seems, 
 in the just retribution of an avenging Providence, to Iiave been 
 "given over,'' in their vices, their follies and their impiety, ""to 
 believe a delusion and a lie." 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ISTo. 7. 
 
 The mode of proceeding, and the means used, by the Yankees, 
 in delaying for ten years the enforcement of tlie law for the sup- 
 pression of the slave trade, now deserve a little consideration. By 
 the same proceedings and the same means, they have succeeded in 
 effecting all their subsequent sectional, imjust, class legislation, 
 throngli which they have enriched themselves from the plunder 
 and spoils of the South, gained under color of law. The proceed- 
 ings were the genuine, natural result of the Yankee character, and 
 may be summed up in the v/ords, electioneering, deception, mis- 
 representation, bribery and fraud. 
 
 The principal means consisted in their unequal and unjust pre- 
 ponderance, through their representatives, in the Senate of the 
 United States. The system of representation adopted by our 
 Government, in the H^use of Representatives, gave one repre- 
 sentative, in that House, for so many thousands of population. 
 This was fair aftd just, for it was the same in the whole country, 
 and operated equally and equitably in every State. But in the 
 Senate of the United States, every State was represented by two 
 delegates, and this was neither fair nor just. By the operation of 
 this law of representation. States of the smallest extent and most 
 limited population, had as many Senators as States the largest in 
 territory and greatest in numbers. Rhode Island had as many 
 Senators as Virginia — Delaware as Carolina. By the operation 
 of this very unequal mode of representation it has, not unfre- 
 quently, occurred, that a State whose population gave it but one 
 representative in the House of Representatives, while the rule 
 gave it two members in the Senate. In the earlier years of our 
 Government, the five Yankee States held ten of the twenty-six 
 seats in the Senate, or nearly half of them. By means of this solid 
 phalanx, always voting together on all sectional questions, aided 
 
46 THE CONFEDKKATE. 
 
 by intrigue, bartor, and corruption by the Ynnliccs amongst the 
 other Senators, and the Representatives G:eheral!y, they succeeded 
 ill staying the operation, of the law lor the suppression of the shivc 
 trade, and in passing alnnost an 3/ act they wished, for tlieir own 
 aggrandizement or the advancement of their pecuniary interest. 
 The Yankees, opposed to all monopolies ' against them, but the 
 greatest monopolists the world ever has seen yet, when the mo- 
 nopoly was for their benefit, succeeded, from the commencement 
 of United States history until the dissolution of the Union, by the 
 means above indicated, in securing to themselves a very largo 
 share of all the power, patronage and benefits of the Government. 
 Engaged in whaling, and oth.er fisheries, they desired the aid of 
 the Government money, and they obtained" it in the form of 
 " Bounty."' They wished to extend their internal trac^, and by 
 the aid of " internal improvements," most unjustly and unequally 
 distributed, aside from tlieir unconstitutionality, they succeeded in 
 this also. They succeeded in monopolizing the whole coasting trade, 
 by the passage of navigation acts. Emi^arked most extensively 
 in manufactures, they managed to destroy competition by the en- 
 actment of high tarilTs, which, while enriching them, were an un- 
 just and onerous tax upon the South. By the operation of the 
 Patent Laws, and the constj'uction they put upon them, they mo- 
 nopolized the benefit of the genius, the laDor and the ingenuity of 
 all nations. ^ 
 
 By refusing the enactment of a law of '' International Copy- 
 right," they reserved to themselves the power of plundering the 
 literary treasure of the world. In their efibrts to plunder the U. 
 S. Treasury on a grand scale, or to overreach the South, or swin- 
 dle otiier countries magnificently, the Yankees generally resorted 
 to the machinery of Congressional legislation, and almost invari- 
 ably with abundant success. It is, I believe, no exaggeration to 
 say that the Yankees, with a population less than a fourth, and a 
 territory not more than a twentieth of the old United States, 
 ]iuinaged, for half a century, to appropriate to their own benefit 
 three-fourths of the public money expended for the improvement 
 of commerce and the defence of the country ; as may yet be seen 
 in the internal improvements, harbor improvements, light-houses 
 and fortifications, from which the North alone has derived benefit 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 47 
 
 and protection. While biich was the nature of the transactions 
 ■between the Ya^ikces and the South in a National capacity, let us 
 ^nquii'e what w^is the character of their (k-alings with us as Indi- 
 vid nais, and in private relations. 
 
 k^carccly had tlio thunders of war ceased — ■^^careely had the 
 Southerners enjoyed a hrief respite from the toils, the sacrifices, 
 ivnd the sufferings, inei-dent to repelling a foreign invasion, when 
 ,tlie whole South was inundated by a Hood of Yankee peddlers. 
 
 If there be any one occupation in the pursuit of money more thor- 
 oughly characterized by, and more entirely theembodimentof, lying, 
 swimllina-, chicanery and fraud, than any other, it is that of Ped- 
 dling; and of all ped-dlers, the Yankees have abundantly proved 
 tliemselves the most <.'ini!HM'itly endowed with all the debasing 
 ijualities, and all the infamous, practices characteristic of this vile 
 and dirty trade. The Yankees, -svith their worUiless merchandise, 
 mounted every hill and traversed every valley in the South. Soon 
 the whole country was filled with the "worthless trash which, by 
 unscru]>ulous and barefaced lying, they had palmed off upon a 
 people thoroughly honest, and because honest, confiding. In city 
 -and town, in village and hamlet, on jDlantation and in cabin, on 
 every hand, and in every house, were to be seen these evidences 
 of Yankee craft, and testimonies of the success of Yankee fraud. 
 Clocks, that would keep no time; tin-ware that w<fuld hold no' 
 water ; broadcloths, cassimeres and domestic goods, which would 
 do no service ; ginghams and calicoes whose colors would stand no 
 washing — all of Yankee manufacture, and all worthless, were scat- 
 tered broadcast through the land. The name of li'ankee peddler 
 became, at once, and lias never ceased to be, a to.nw of oppro- 
 brium, of scorn, and of contempt. The Yankee peddler's cart 
 was regarded with as mucli abhorrence and loathing, and in some 
 measure of dread, as was the " dead cart " in Europe, during the 
 ravages and horrors of the Plague. 
 
 1,11 addition to the curse of Yankee peddlers, \ankee schoolmas- 
 ters, in swarms, soon flooded the fiiir regions of the South, bring- 
 ing with them their nasjil twang, their false morality, their pro- 
 scriptivc religicm, and their fanatical opinions. 
 
 Long and grievously was the South afliicted by these, and vari- 
 ous other poi'tions of the Yankee race. Useless, disliked, worth- 
 
48 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 less like the thistle, like the thistle they were ineraclienLlo. — 
 Scorned, despised, iiisulled, mid justly trampled on by au outraged 
 and insulted people, the Yankee, true to his trainini^ and his in- 
 stincts, bore all, sutlered all, endured all, with fawning and crouch- 
 ing humility. In the pursuit of his idol, the " Almighty Dollar,'' 
 no humiliations were too degrading, no sacrilices of self-respect, or 
 of the regard of others, too great, so that he, at last, succeeded in 
 winning the deity of his worship — Mammon ! Meantime, his 
 'Yankee brethren at home were equally busy, in various ways, in 
 the same eager and unscrupulous pursuit of gold. The press 
 groaned bene:*ith the burden imposed by their nnilagging efforts ; 
 books, pamphlets, magazines, newspapers, in countless thousands, 
 flooded the S(juth. On all subjects, by all authors, and written in 
 all styles, with the sole end of nvikiug money in view, nothing 
 was too good, or too bad for them to print, so that it would only 
 sell. The same editors prepared, and the same presses issued, the 
 Bible and the Koran — the sermons of Qotton Mather and the wri- 
 tings of Thomas Paine — the ethics of Paley and the infidelity of 
 Voltaire — pious psalms and profane songs — moral essays anci 
 licentious romances — all in one general, indiscriminate and unre- 
 garded medley of confusion. 
 
 If the great end of money-making was attained, what, to the 
 ' Yankee, mattered the means ? But this is only one pliase of 
 Yankee character — only, one face of this more than Janus-visaged 
 people. These several occupations, vile and infamous as they 
 were, although steeped in iniquity, in fraud, and in immorality 
 were still far too innocent to engross the energies or circumscribe 
 the efforts of the pious and virtuous Yankee race. In every coun- 
 try in which the Yankees or their progenitors have, for the sins of 
 mankind, been planted, they have sprung, at once, into a mjilevo- 
 lent and noxious existence, more instinct with evil and potent for 
 destruction than the armed fruit of the fabled dragon's teeth of 
 Cadmus. They ^re, ever have been, and, so long as they are sull 
 fered to exist, they ever will bo. the Arabs of the moral and re- 
 ligious world. "Their hand is against every man's, and every 
 Oman's hand is against theirs" — or at least, every man's should be. 
 Of such a race, so impatient of good, so eager for evil to oth- 
 ers, it was not to bo expected that they should long remain quiet, 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 41) 
 
 and contcntoc] with the, comparntivcly innocent, firanscmcnt of de- 
 ceiving, defVnndinfr, and slandering the Southern people. True to 
 their char.ieter and tlieir history, they soon manilested their im- 
 pationo^e with occupations wl^ich, though in sonie measure gratify- 
 ing; to their ignoble natures, still r^^strieted their ]">eculiar genius 
 for eAil within such narrow hounds. They had tasted the luxury 
 of Idood, and had not fomotten its pleasant flavoi*. Thev liad en- 
 joyed the delights of persecuting, and' were anxious to renew the 
 ei-joyment. True and lineal descendants, both in blood and creed, ', 
 from Uie assassins of Ai'chbishop Sharpe, the murderers of Dr. 
 SerVetus and the burners of witches, they grieved over the pleas- 
 uresand thogferiea of the ''good old times," and were eager to repro- 
 duce tliern once more. But how could this be brought a])out ? The 
 question was ft difficult one. Though the Yankees, in morals, in reli- 
 gion, and in feeling, had remained stationary for over two centu- 
 ries, the world had not. It was not easy to renew, in the nine- 
 teenth century, the atrocities which had disgraced the sixteenth 
 and the seventeenth. Persecution, for opinion's sake, was no 
 longer the creed or the practice of Christendom. Men had come, 
 generally, to the conclusion that the boot and the thumb-screwy 
 the halter and- the faggot, and other ingenious and praiseworthy 
 Calvinistic and Puritan devices, were not the most conclusive of 
 arguments. Hanging, burning, racking and quartering heretics, 
 would no longer be tolerated. But Yankee zeal, cruelty and 
 fanaticism, were not to be baulked of their ends by such obstacles. 
 True, the bodWiad escaped their power. Tlie perversity of man, 
 the "total depravity " of human nature in the nineteenth century, 
 would no longer permit these holy Yankee propagandists^ to light 
 the fires of physical 'persecution, or torture the bodies of unbe- 
 lievers. Still they had, happily, a last resource. The higher, the 
 nobler^ the spiritual part of man, was not yet wholly beyond the 
 reach of their power and their vengeance. The offending bodies 
 were beyond the reach even of Yankee intolerance' and Yankee 
 ingenuity, but what a glorious, what adelightfuj discovery ! They 
 could ,yet break the mind upon the wheel of public opinion^ — they ^ 
 could still " crucify the soul !" 
 
 Delighted with this brilliant discovery, the Yankees proceeded < 
 to put it into beneficent operation. ] 
 
OO THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ^. They made Ibcir first essay upon the Masonic fraternity. Anti- 
 Masonry sprung up suddenly la Kcw I^^ii^hiii*:^ Ji'id soon became 
 mad and rampant. 
 
 • Here I mnst hasten to pay a just tril'iite to New En;^-Wnd. — 
 This is the j^enicil home of Puritan hiirotrv, .'uul ilio native l;iiid of 
 Yankee fanaticism. ITere W'.; iind the very locality- in which the 
 fable of Ileatlicn MytholoG-y v.'a:^^, reduced to fact. Here was 
 opened the true box of Pandora, filled with all the ills, tiio aillic- 
 < tlons, and the misfortunes of the liunian family ; and from New 
 England they have liowji abroad to harrass and destroy the hu- 
 man race. The Yankees having opened tlie bo::, incited by that 
 impudent inquisitiveness and impertinent curiosity for which they 
 have a world-v/ide renown, continued to hold it open, v/hile llia- 
 king a thorough investigation of its mysteries, until even Hope 
 escaped and tied far a^^•ay. Erom New England have sprung 
 more sects in religion, factions in politics, and parties in social 
 life, than from all the world besides. Either of entire native 
 growth, or instantly naturalized in the congenial atmosphere of 
 Yankeedom, New England has produced more superstitions, fanati- 
 cisms and follies, than all the rest of Christendom. She is the 
 very land and native soil of all absurdities whoso names tei-mi- 
 nate in ism. For illustration I will mention a few, and only a few 
 of them, for truly their name is legion. In Yankeedom, in that 
 same New England, we find Witchcraft, Mormonism, Matthias- 
 ism, Spiritualism, Millerism, Fourierism, Mesmerism, and Aboli- 
 tionism—and, I greatly fear, no little Atheism . ^, Here sprang 
 up table-turnings, spirit-rappings, spirit communications, Uni- 
 tarianism, Universalism, Deism ; here arose model artists, 
 and free love societies ; here began animal magnetism and 
 Bioloo-y. Here we may find Hicksites, Millerites, Truer- 
 ites, Tompkinsites, and any other kind of ites. Hep wo 
 may see Univcrsalians, Unitarians, Trinitarians, Arians — any kind 
 of arians, even barbarians ; and here we may meet with Shakers 
 and Tunkers. This list contains but a tithe, a mere fraction, of 
 ' the names of the multitude of sects and Actions with which Yan- 
 keedom is rife. 
 
 This sketch, brief as it is, of the nature and extent of the various 
 and discordant elements into which Yankee soci^^ty is divided, is a 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 51 
 
 necessary preliminary to the examination of tlie lolly and pre- 
 suhiptioiis claims, to pre-erniiience over others, of the Yankee 
 race. V/ith a modest asauraiice, characteristic of the Yankees, 
 and wholly nnrivalled by any otlier people, they claim a decided 
 supcri(irity .over all others, in religion, morals, civilization, inanu- 
 factnring skill, inventive geniu.^, naval architecture, intellectual 
 power and literary accomplishments. 
 
 This sketch of their vain glories and ridiculous pretensions, like 
 that of their sects and factions, is far from complete, but it may '< 
 serve as a lair sample of their egotistical claims to distinction. 
 
 To each one of. these vain pretensions I purpose giving a brief 
 consideration. So innate is falsehood, and so exacfgerated is self- 
 love, in the Yankee character, that it is perfectly safe to disbe- 
 lievo all their assertions, and to discredit all their claims. In re- 
 ligion they have reformed and improved, until all true piety has 
 ^ disappeared from amongst them. There is, beyond all doubt, less 
 real religion, less true piety, amongst the Yankee, race, to-day, 
 than in any other people in Christendom ! 
 
 Their thousands of houses devoted, professedly^ to tlic service 
 of religion, not only represent as many diflbrent shades of reli- 
 gious opinion, but are as often nsed for the purposes of bigotry 
 and wrong, as for the promulgation of the peculiar tenets of the 
 creed in whose honor they have been erected. I^pon every " Sab- 
 bath," from ten thousand of what the Yankees profanely call 
 " altars." in New England, resound the d'octrines of their innu- 
 merable sects. There are preached, by the Congregationalist, the 
 Presbyterian, the Episcopalian, the Unitarian, the Universalist and 
 tho Nothingarian, ten thousand different serinons, of which multi- 
 tude of sermons true religion, the religion of the early Christians, 
 the religion of the Bible, would not sanction ten. The staple of , 
 most of these discourses is extravagant praise of the peculiar creed 
 of the preacher, and unmeasured denunciation of that of all the 
 ■world besides. True religion makes its members kinder, truer, 
 more patient, and more charitable to others, than other men. Are 
 the Yankees so ? Does their religion give this evidence of its 
 truth and reality ? All the world knows the contrary, and thus 
 is proved that the Yankees have positively less religion than any 
 other people. As in religion, so also in morals, the Yankees arc 
 
52 THE CONFEDEEATE. 
 
 sad] y defjcient. Here, as in leligiou, tlicir pretensioiis are of the 
 loftiest character. But true iiioralitv, like true reiii^ioii, is evi- 
 
 I .0 7 
 
 deiiced and jud_^-ed of ,by its fruits. True nKn-ality requires, 
 iimoujzst other things, a due observance of, and respect for, the 
 rjfj;hts, lecliuj:;S and privileges of othei-s. This is one of t\m first, 
 and indispensable, tests of its existence. If Yankee morality has 
 yielded any such fruit, it has bceii wholly monopolized by them- 
 selves ; no one outside the pale of Vankcedoni has ever been 
 favored with any particle of this sort of evidence. On the con- 
 trary, Yankee morality, as v/eli as Yankee religion, is -as nnich a 
 by-word of scorn, contempt and reproach, as ever was Punic 
 taith ! In point of civilization, if there is any particular in whic*Ii 
 they have surpassed any of the rest of the civilized world, it is a 
 profound secret to every one except the Yankcss themselves ; while 
 in truth, honeslfiy, kindness, charity, humanity and hospitality, 
 generally considered as the strongest evidences, and invariable 
 concomitants, of a high civilization, it is well known to all that 
 they have been greatly excelled by flir the larger portion of the 
 Christian world. In ship-building the Yankees, taking advantage, 
 very properly no doubt, of the skill of all nations, and the best 
 models of the world, and making some alterations, additions, or 
 other changes, have produced some good vessels, on the strength 
 of which, with their natural egotism and arrogance, they have 
 aspired to the title of the first ship builders of" the v/orld. It 
 would be 'very difficult to name any institution of any kind, or 
 any literary work of any character, the pure and sole result of 
 Yankee mind or Yankee literature, now in existence, which ever 
 has, or ever has deserved, to live for a generation. This may 
 answer their chiim to intellectual power.. As to their literary 
 productions, instead of being the original and native outpourings 
 of their own minds, they are imitated, or pirated from the great 
 writers of all lands. 
 
T 11 E C N I^^ E D E R A T E 
 
 "No. ^. 
 
 J WAS obliged to close, somewhat abruptly, in my last number, 
 ^vlthollt haviiii^- meted out full justice to Yankee prowess in tiic 
 arena of literature, by the limits to Wiilcli I am restricted ; ])Ut 1 
 shall endeavor to complete that duty in this. As, for their 
 own selfish ends, the Yankees had hisistedupon the])assage of high 
 tariff laws, so, for the same selfish purposes, they refused a law of 
 Interiiational Copyright. In both instances they succeeded in com- 
 passing their purposes. In both cases the advantages innred solely 
 to their own benefit. The tarift' laws fostered and supported their 
 manufactures, while taxing heavily all the agricultural industry 
 of the country ; but the cunning Yankees escaped their share of 
 this taxation by the very limited amount of their agricultural in- 
 terests arising from the barren and sterile qualit}' of their soil. 
 The absence of an International Copyright permitted them to 
 exercise their natural propensity for thieving by pirating the best 
 literary works of Europe. In this, as in the former case, they 
 entirely escaped any danger of retaliation. 
 
 The Yankees, themselves, were the sole and entire source and 
 origin of all American literature, and the very mediocrity, infe- 
 riority and worthlessness of their productions, fully insured 
 them against all danger of reprisal. Yankee literatU4.'e, in cases 
 where it was not pilfered wholesale from foreign writers, was a 
 trashy, vapid mixture, a dull melange of French frivolity, German 
 transcendentalism and English formality, liavored and finished as 
 opportunity served by sectarian bigotry, Puritan intolerance, aiv-l 
 provincial ignorance. The largo majority of Ynnkee writers pro- 
 duced a constant stream of books and pamphlets, of no value or 
 importance, vapid, dull, monotonous and wearisome. Those of 
 higlier pretensions selected some distinguished English writer, and, 
 
54 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 so far as their feel)le powers allowed, endeavored to imitate his 
 style. In this, to a certain extent, they succeeded. The jx-culiari- 
 ties of a writer's style are not very difticult of iniitatiuii, espe- 
 cially to the Yankees, who arc gifted with the powers of imitation 
 in a degree surpassed only by their worthy prototype, the monkey. 
 Thus we have seen countless copyists of the singular phraseology, 
 and wild involutions — the inversions, the obscurity and the mys- 
 ticisms of Carl vie, but entirclv wantinijj in his wonderful vir^or of 
 thought, depth and accuracy of judgment, and giant grasp of 
 niind. So, too, have v.e had innumerable imitators of the graceful, 
 flowing and linished diction of Addison, but wholly destitute of 
 his brilliant wit, polished satire, pure morality, and elevated 
 Christian piety. Imitators, counterfeiters, forgers in all things, 
 and at all times, in nothing have the Yankees given more con- 
 spicuous and conclusive manifestations of their native baseness 
 than in those contemptible, puerile, worthless productions, which 
 they have complacently styled their " Literature." Their news- 
 papers have been chiefly devoted to the advocacy of their doc- 
 trines, of carrying out the selfish policy of some local party, some 
 bigoted sectarianism, or some vile proscriptivc and persecuting 
 fanaticism. Their magazines have overflowed with nonsensical 
 rhyme, sickly sentimentality, or mawkish love stories, more tire- 
 some and soporific than " a twice told tale," 
 
 In the domain of invention and discovery the Yankees lay claim 
 to exclusive distinction, and they amply deserve it ; but the dis- 
 tinction is not exactly of the character they would desire. The 
 Patent Office, at AVashington, though greatly reduced in its dimen- 
 sions by conflagration, yet stands an enduring monument, alike of 
 Yankee ignorance and stupidity, and of Yankee falsehood, base- 
 ness and fraud. There may be seen innumerable modes and speci- 
 fications of inventions for all impracticaljle and impossible pur- 
 poses. There you may see dozens of models of " perpetual mo- 
 tion," plans for perfectly squaring the circle, and inventions of 
 lifke character — all the emanations of Yankee mind, aud all con- 
 ceived and concocted in entire ignorance of,. and direct opposition 
 to, the experience, the reason, the common sense of mankind, and 
 the well known laws of philosophy, science and mechanics. There, 
 too, you can find some useful inventions, but, as a general rule, 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 55 
 
 ihoy arc Yankee alterations, or adaptations of the ideas and dis- 
 coveries of some original thiiilver, sonic skilllul and practical sci- 
 onLiiic liiind oi another race than the Yankee. Of all their lying 
 claims to credit for original discoveries and inventions, the only 
 ones that have any foundation in truth "are to l)e found in tlie line 
 of quack medicines. Here the Yankees stand truly unrivalled, 
 and the glory is all their own ! Tliey haye llUed the land with 
 |);itent medicines — with nostrums for the cure of every ill to 
 which flesh is lieir. N(.)t content with Catholicons, for the prompt 
 cure of all diseases, they have sent out special remedies for every 
 specific disease ! 
 
 if any physician of skill and experience discovered a remedy of 
 ]"cal value, the Yankees immediately flooded the country with (b 
 worthless imitation, with conntericit labels and certificates to 
 ensure its being palmed off upon the people. These quack nos- 
 trums display in fair Ijut' glaring colors the native baseness of 
 Yankee nature. Concocted of all and any materials, so they were 
 only cheap, and could be made " to pay" ; put up and vended by 
 those who did not even profess any knowledge either of medical 
 science or chemical principles, they were scattered recklessly 
 through the countiy. That most of these nostrums were of a del- 
 eterious character is beyond question. That a large amount of 
 human suffering, and a considerable sacrifice of human life, have 
 l)een the result of this single enterprise of Yankee cupidity and 
 Yankee inhumanityf cannot be doul3ted. W^at cared they, so 
 they succeeded in making money ! Like " Margrave,** in the 
 " Strange story," the Yankees have ever said, by their actions, 
 more explicit than any verbal declarations — " Let all die— I will 
 live, I will live! " What has human suffering, or the waste of hu- 
 man life, ever mattered to the Yankees, so they could "put money 
 in their purse ? " I now come to manufactures, but before taking a 
 final leave of the Yankees as inventors and quacks, I wish to add 
 a few words to what I have already said upon these subjects. As 
 inventors tlie Yankees are chiefly conspicuous for their usual self- 
 ishness and knavery ; as quacks we have seen that, in addition to 
 these amiable and characteristic qualities, they have manifested 
 their natural inhumanity and cruelty. By the phraseology of the 
 Patent Laws, as construed by the Ymikecs, no lufncst man could 
 
56 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ho protected in the enjoyment r.iid the prolit cS his discoveries or 
 invcijtioiis, .-igainst their interj^olations and inlViiigeniCnts. The 
 applicant far a patent v.as oblii^ed to i]^ive,"nndcr oath, an exact 
 description of the nature :ind character of jiis work- — tl;at it had 
 never been diseovercd or nsed ]\v nny other person ; in snly.stance, 
 that it wa>: an original iiiveTition or discovery of his ov*n. An 
 honcf^t man conld, and would, describe only vvhat he had really 
 invented, and no more. ITcro wns a fine opening:; for Yankee.^ 
 '•enterprise"! if ho sav*'- that the invention v/as one of real im- 
 portance and utility — in a Vv'ord, th'nt it would "pay," he immedi- 
 ately set about converting it L*.) his own use and benefit. lie 
 added or subtracted, a nni!, a screv;, a hinge, or alteredfa tube or a 
 valve, and claimed, and, by the aid of the Yankee Patent Ofiicc offi-' 
 cials, obtained, a patent in his own name for the invention which was 
 really, and truly, the property of another. But it may bethought 
 that this wo.nld avail tbe Yankee but little, as another knave might 
 play u]>on liitn tlie same rascally game which he had played upon 
 the original and true inventor. Not at all. Here the Yankee 
 found an appropriate field for the exhibition of his distinguished 
 ability. 
 
 In the description of his nev/ invention he luxuriated in the 
 exercise of his imagination. Although u)ider oath, tiio Yankee 
 was not to be " cabined, cribbed, confined," by any such trivial 
 restraints as conscientious scruples. What was a lie more or less 
 to him whose whole* life was alio? What Was perjury to him' 
 whom T\6 obligations, howevei- indisputable, no claims, however 
 sacred, could bind ? 
 
 In his specifications, therefore, the unscrupulous and unprinciij^led 
 Yankee, set forth in full, not only all that the original discoverer 
 had invented, and all that ho himself had altered and added, or 
 taken away, but all the additions, subtractions, changes, altera- 
 tions, he could imagine or divine, and boldly claimed to have dis- 
 covered the whole, thus forestalling by fancy and perjury, as far 
 as possible, all competition, and so obtained his patent. 
 
 The unraveling of the tangled web of Yankee falsehood, fi-aud^ 
 impiety and shamelessness, is sickening, but still it must be done. 
 
 In the field of manufocturcs, the assumptions and pretensions 
 of the Yankees have been pre-eminently bold and presuming. Let 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 57 
 
 us ex.imiiiG into their claims, and wc shall ■ find thein, like all the 
 rest, equally I'alse and unfounded. Entering upon this held after 
 they had worn out the slave trade, the Yankees lirst came into 
 competition with the manufacturers of Europe. Instantly their 
 inferiority and inciipacity beCc^me manifest. They tacitly 
 aelmowied<j;cd it themselves i)i tlioir loud wailin/Ts over their fiiil- 
 nres, and their importunate supplications for a protective tariiT, 
 hi this, as usual, and by the usual i^ieans, they snocoeded. xVided 
 by a tarid", wh^h amounted almost to a prohii.»ition of European 
 manufactures, they renevred their efforts. Bub even the tariff 
 they had themselves asked and obtained did not suffice to accom- 
 plish their purposes. Indeed, so inherent is falsehood, trickery, 
 counterfeiting and forgery, in Yankee nature, that it is doubtful 
 M'hether they would not, in any event, have soon resorted to the 
 disreputable practices for which they soon became notorious. This 
 much, hov^cver, is certain : In the ver}^ commencement of their 
 mamifaoturing career, the Yankees, finding their own productions 
 entirely worthless und unsaleable, began that course of counter- 
 feiting the labels, stamps and T)rands, and forging the trade-marks 
 and names of the best European manufacturers, and appending 
 them to their own inferior goods, which continues, to a great extent, 
 to the present day. By these unworthy means, aided by the pro- 
 hibitory action of the tariff, the Yankees succeeded, at last, in open- 
 ing the markets of the South, at least, for the sale of their fabrics. 
 Still, either from the yet inferior quality of their goods, or the 
 natural proclivity to fraud and chicanery of the whole Yankee race, 
 their productions arc thrown into our markets entirely divested 
 of all means of identifying their Yankee origin, and with forged 
 marks, labels and stamps. 
 
 Yankee goods under the name of English broadcloth, En^lisli 
 sheeting, English shirting, arc foimd iu every store. ^ .^French cloth, 
 de laines, ginghams, nmslins, boots, hats, gloves, silks and ribbons ; 
 Italian silks and laces; German muslins and cambrics; Irish linens 
 and lawns ; English cutlery, harness, saddlery, and medicines— all 
 made in Yankeedom — crowd our 'shclvfes in town and city, in 
 country and village. The thread is all English thread— the sew- 
 ing silk is all French sewing silk. In all finer goods the Yankees 
 counterfeit the marks of Europe. Sheffield, Birmingham, Wol- 
 
5S THE CO^'FEDERATK. 
 
 vGi'hampton. London, Paris, Lyons, Genc\;i, Berlin, may be read 
 upon all tli-cir superior fabrics. Falsely accusing the South of an 
 incapacity for manufacturing, they have stolen, l(.)r the best of 
 their staple productions, the names of articles of a superior quality 
 jnade in the South. Their imitations, in this branch of their de-' 
 ception, iiilsehood and fraud, arc marked Virginia Osnaburgs, 
 Georgia Plains, and Lo'.iisiann Cottonades; here they forge the 
 names of Petersbr.rg, MllledgeviUe and Attakapas. 
 
 The Yankees have always S!;id, falsely and sneertugly, that the 
 South could not manufacture ; tiiat Southerners had no ingenuity, 
 no skill, no industry, no perseverance. 
 
 This war has demonstrat'^nl tl}e entire falsity of these assertions. 
 Excluded, by the blockade, from all the rest of the world, South- 
 erners have, in two years, fiiiiy equalled all the- Yankees, nnr-e- 
 stricted in every way, and aided by protective tariffs, have effected 
 ill three-quarters of a century. Their ingenuity, skill, industry and 
 perseverance, liave supplied tlie army witli powder,- rifi^, mus- 
 kets, bayonets, swords, sabres, and all necessary equipments. 
 They "" have crowned our fortresses with cannon, dug from the 
 mine since the commencement of the war." They have given hats, 
 shoes and clothing, to the soldiers, and the people at large. They 
 built the '-Manassas," which frightened the enemy from his pro- 
 priety at the mouth of the Mississippi — the Virginia, which sunk 
 or scattered their vessels at Norfolk — and tlie Arkansas, which 
 ran the gauntlet of their whole boasted Mississippi fleet, near 
 Vicksburg, with impunity, scattering ruin and destruction in her 
 path. These were built under every disadvantage, and the last in 
 the valds of the*Yazoo river, and yet they proved infinitely supe- 
 rior to all their Yankee competitors ! 
 
 "^t has been said that the Yankees were the inventors of horn 
 o-un-flints and wooden nutmegs. Whether this be so or not, 1 do 
 not pretend to 'decide positively, although the dishonesty of the 
 proceeding raises strong presumptions in their favor ; but if true, 
 •these two brillictnt achievements may be considered as the only 
 cases wliere their inventive ability may claim undisputed origi- 
 nality, and their manufacturing skill, at least, unquestioned equal- 
 itv with that of any otlier people. 
 
 We h^ve now reviewed the clair«is, in their various phases and 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. '59 
 
 aspects, which the Yankees have so impudently put forth to dis- 
 tinction and superiority. Their pretensions, like theniselvcs and 
 their Puritan, Independent, Canieron'ian and Covenanting progeni- 
 tors, have proved to be. iu all respects, self-sufficient, unfounded, and 
 mendacious. 
 
 , " Havino-, at last, disposed of these topics, I shall return to their 
 proper character as moralists and Christians, as illustrated in their 
 conduct towards others. 1 have already mentiioned tliat in their 
 jnoral persecutions — the only kind of persecution left to the kind 
 and gentle hearts of the Yankees by the increased enlightenment 
 of the nineteenth 'tentury — the pious and godly Yankees made 
 
 * their first onslaught upon the quiet, peaceable, and unorlending 
 society of the Free Masons. ■ 
 
 For this they had a slight excuse, in their peculiar natures, of 
 which they shall be allowed the full benefit. That a people noto- 
 riously too loquacious to keep a secret of their own, and so curious 
 and inquisitive as to consider the possession «f a secret by another, 
 a wrong and injury to themselves, should hate Afasonry, and en- 
 deavor to destroy it, appears by no means extraordinary, for Ma- 
 sonry was' a secret society.' This was the sole offence of the ]\Ia- 
 spns. No serious charge of any improper motives, or incorrect 
 conduct, or evil intentions, were ever alleged against that ancient 
 fraternity. With the sole exception of the ridiculous, but charac- 
 teristic and base Yankee lie about the abduction and murder of 
 Morgan, which was never credited save by a few children, old 
 women end idiots, even slander had ncv^* attempted to tarnish 
 the fair fame of the society. But the Yankees were bent upon 
 persecution, and resolved to find a victim. In this they only par- 
 tially succeeded. 
 
 Their terrible story of the death of Morgan, the groundwork 
 and foundation of the excitement, v>-^s soon- exposed in its true, 
 falsity, and the commotion began rapidly to subside. In order to 
 prevent Anti-Masonry from dying so speedy a natural death, and 
 to secure to themselves some benefit from their zealous labors, for 
 as yet they had reaped none, the Yankees, with their usual *' cute- 
 ness," and unfailing want of- principle, made an cfibrt to change 
 the character of the Anti-Masonic crusade from a pretended moral 
 and religious, to one of a political nature. They struggled vigor- 
 
 J 
 
60 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ously to make it a stalking-horse upon wiiicii the might ride into 
 power. In this they signally, failed, and then they quietly dropped 
 the whole matter. The sincerity of their pretensions, and the truth of 
 their charges against Masonry, are sufficiently illustrated by tlie 
 two facts, which are indisputable, that there are more Masons, and 
 more Masonic lodges, amongst even the Yankees, to-day, tha.n^ 
 at any preceding time; and that since their lailure to convey Mr. 
 Wirt into tlie White House at Washington, they have never made ' 
 any effort either to suppress the existence, or prevent the exten- 
 sion, of Masonry upon their own soil ! 
 
 Here the recollection of the conduct of their Puritan progeni- 
 tors, in the murder of King Philip, suggests to us the very great 
 probability that if Morgan, or any one else, was really murdered, 
 just preceding the outburst of Anti-j\Iasonry, the Yankee Anti- 
 Masons were themselves the murderers. The cases are true par- 
 allels, the motives identical, and -the action in perfect keeping with 
 Yankee character, supposing there were really any truth in the 
 absurd story of Morgan. 
 
 In a few years the Yankees commenced their great Temperance 
 naovement. Here, for once, they had a good cause to advocate? ' 
 but it is astonishing how soon a good, or a praiseworthy causjei, 
 becomes disgusting and loathsome when it has fallen under the 
 influence and favor of Yankee fanaticism ! That the temperance 
 cause was a good cause, and that the frightful amount of intern-, 
 perance in our country was a crying evil, and well calculated to 
 startle and alarm all worthy members of society, is undoubtedly 
 true. By persuasion, conviction, and a just magnanimity on the 
 part of the friends of Temperance, something has been done for 
 the amelioration of the state of society in this respect, ^nd much 
 more might have been effected but for the bigotry and spirit of 
 persecution iiianifested by the Yankees. 
 
 Who ever heard of persuasion, argument or magnanimity being 
 manifested by Yankees, more especially when they believed them- 
 selves in a position where they could make use of compulsion ? 
 Erom the very outset of the temperance movement, the Yankees, 
 perfectly mad, as usual, in the wildness of their fanaticism, and in 
 full keeping with all their past history, strove vigorously to force 
 men to become temperate by stern rebuke, severe proscription, 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 61 
 
 and furious denunciation. As was custoipary amongst them, thev 
 soon changed this movement from a social and a m.oral, into a 
 ^religious and sectarian contest. Every man who drank at all, 
 tiiough never so small the amount, (,.f alcoholic liquors, or even 
 wine, was denounced as unworthy of c<^nfidence and support l)v 
 the immaculate Yankee temperance apost!es, althou^-h ho hnd 
 never been knov.n to be intoxicated during a long life of useful- 
 ness and honor, while many of thpsc who denounced him had 
 been, until within a yery short period, of very intemperate habits, 
 and some of them absolute and -well known drunkards. So far 
 did these infatuated Yankees go, that they even trampled on the 
 express cofhmand of the Saviour of mankind, when it conflicted 
 with their fanatical doctrines. Wine waS banished from their 
 *' meeting houses " at the " comm.union service,'' and various sub- 
 stitutes adopted in its place. What these substitutes were I am 
 uninformed, but judging from the well known main principle of 
 Yankee character, and mainspring of Yankee conduct, I presume 
 the chief one was cider. This, it is true, was as much tainted with 
 'alcohol as rum, but there was this difference in favor of the Yan- 
 kees—the wine they were obliged to buy, the cider they had to 
 sell ; for the first they must pay out money, for the last they 
 would pocket money. Be this as it may, they denounced all who 
 dared to use wine in the Eucharist, in accordance with the com- 
 mand of Jesus Christ, and refused to commune with them. The 
 natural result of such bigotry, fanaticism and intolerance, is easily 
 anticipated^. The temperance cause, so rudely checked at the out- 
 set, languished, decayed, and, so far as the Yankees are concerned, 
 died a natural death from inanition. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 INTo. 9. 
 
 I HAVE no'^y given a sufficient ■ sketch of the Yankees and their 
 antecedents, and traced Yankee character through all its various, 
 but consistently infemous, phases, through Cameroniait, Independ- 
 cnt, Roundhead, Puritan and Pilgrim, down to the present time. 
 I have portrayed in faithful colors, although with merited and just 
 severity, the conduct and career 'of all these vile sectaries, and 
 political incendiaries, until we find all their false, villainous and 
 infamous qualities and ' characteristics embodied, concentrated, 
 eyen surpassed, by the Yankee's. [From such an ancestry we may 
 well imagine what kind of a posterity would, necessarily, descend, 
 and we find our anticipations not only fully realized, but greatly 
 exceeded. A more unworthy and ignoble race — a Viler, more 
 pernicious, or contemptible rabble, never degraded the bright im- 
 age of God in hurhanity, or desecrated the fair heritage of earth, 
 bestowed in His beneficence. Of this, the facts heretofore stated, 
 and hereafter to be given, being calmly and dispassionately esti- 
 mated, let the truth be decided, and a just verdict .awarded, by a 
 " candid world." 
 
 In alluding to the innumerable follies, superstitions, and fanati- 
 cisms of the Yankees, I have named but a small portion, slightly 
 sketched a few, and dwelt upon none. For this I have neither 
 space nor time. So full is their whole history of such disgraceful 
 records, that fully to enumerate them would require a volume ; to 
 discuss them, a library. - There is one of their absurd and mis- 
 chievous flmaticisms, which came into notice some thirty-five or 
 forty years since, which demands and shall receive more especial, 
 and particular attention. This is Abolitionism. This portentous 
 monster, of Yankee birth and training, it is, which has been the 
 active cause of the aissolution of the once honored Union — which 
 
THE CONFEDEKATE. • Go 
 
 has destroyed a once powerful and respected Republic— wliicli has 
 banded State against State, and armed brother againi^l- brother — 
 ^vllieh has caused the greatest privation, sufiering and afflictio.n, 
 which this continent has ever ki^own— wliich lias already occasioned/ 
 an4 will continue to occasion, the shedding of torrents of blood— 
 and which has opened a fountain of hatred, a Marah of, bitterness, 
 which will not be closed or neutralized by peace, and the amenities 
 of civil life, for. a century to come. That it has been the only just 
 ancl sudicient cause fur t!]e severance of the accursed Union, i do 
 not mean to imply. As a Southerner, and a South Curoiiniun, 1 
 am, on the contrary, of the opinion that sufficiently satisfactory 
 grounils for the dissolution have existed for nearlv half a century, 
 and I hiive been always ready and willing, .-md often tmxious,. to 
 break the bonds which linked us with the treacherous and perfid- 
 ious Yankees, at any time during the last thirty yer.rs. 
 
 Their sectional class legislation, as manifested in naviiiation, in- 
 ternal improvement and tariif laws,. all n^iconstitutional exactions 
 upon the South for the benefit and aggrandizement of the North, 
 were, from their first enactments, ample cause for Southern re- 
 sistance. * 
 
 Still the Southerners were rich, and good humored, and patient, 
 and miglit, possibly, have long continued to suffer themselves to 
 be taxed for the support of the pauper and begging North, had- 
 not the North added to the most grievous wrongs the most aggra- 
 vating insults. Then crftne the issue ; the Gordian knot— the 
 Union— which no skill nor statesmanship could unloose — was 
 proi,nptly severed by the sword. That Yankee bigotry, intol- 
 erance, persecution and hypocrisy, as inAnlfested in their Aboli- 
 tion frenzy, and illustrated in the election of Lincoln, were the 
 immediate cause of the war now raging, is beyond all. question. 
 Upoji the heads of the Yankees rest all the responsibility and all 
 the odium of this internecine strife, and they alone are answerable 
 at the tribunals of God and man for its sufferings, its bloodshed 
 and its crimes. In the madness of their fanaticism, upon the sub- 
 ject of Abolition, the Yankees, who always run mad after anv 
 liinaticism, have excelledand surpassed all their preceding exploits-. 
 In their fanatical crusade against the South, the Yankees,, witli 
 their usual modesty, assumed to themselves the right anc^ tlw 
 
H4 Tlii:: CONFEDERATE. 
 
 povv'er, to sit in judgment and pass sentence on their superiors, 
 without a trial or a hearing. i'orgetLiug , that, even if slavery 
 Y.'ere all that in their. blinc] bigotry they painted it, they and their 
 iuicestors were principally respons^ible for it, they denouiicod 
 
 ! slaveholders and all in communion with them, in terms of un- 
 measured tibuse {ind villiheation, worthy only of Billingsgate, oi* 
 Yankees, and 'which conld hardly be applied with full justice eveil 
 to murderers and pirates. 
 
 With their usual pliancy of conscience and flicility of memory, 
 they f(<rgot to state that they, themselves, were the original negro 
 
 I -stealers and negi'o traders, and omitted to tell us, if slaveholders 
 raerited such appellations, vvitli what epithets we ought properly 
 to designate the original Yankee slave traders and kidnappers ! 
 Jndulghig in their wonted impudence aud arrogance, they assumed 
 the power and the right to pass judgment upon an institution 
 
 '^ coeval with the human race, and to denounce slavery as a great 
 evil in morals, a terrible sin ii\ religion ! Quoting in support of 
 their wild uintasy, a few isolated texts of the Bible, they declared 
 that slavery was in violation of the principles of Holy Writ, and 
 contrary to the will of the Most High. For many a long year 
 the Southerner, thus insolently summoned before the bar of public 
 opinion by the fiilse-hearted and mendacious Yankee, defended his 
 cause, weakly and unwisel}^, on the ground of necessity. Tacitly 
 admitting that slavery was an evil, as charged, by the insolent 
 Yankees, he told him that the South was not responsible for it, 
 and was unable to remedy it. He told the Northern fanatics that 
 the institution was first imposed upon ns by the English, Govern- 
 ment, then fxrmly fixed and riveted by their Puritan ancestry, and 
 that now it was not in our power to remove it without imminent 
 danger of ^elf-destruction. This was true as flir as it went, but it 
 was not the v.diole truth, nor was the position the most favorable 
 or the most advantageous M'hich the South v/as entitled to assume. 
 Abolition fanaticism has been the occasion of this much of good, 
 that the history and character of slavery have been fully investi- 
 crated, and are now perfectly understood. The result has been the 
 entire justification of the South, and the complete condemnation 
 and disgrace, could so base and abject a rabble be disgraced, of 
 the Abolition fanatics of the PN^or'ch. The historical part of that 
 
 \ 
 
THE CONPEDEKATE. 65 
 
 very Bible; from which the Yankee fixnatics pretended to draw 
 tlieir authority to wage war upon slavery — that Bible which they 
 iklsely pretend to believe — records the existence and progress of 
 slavery from the very dawn of the creation of the race of mani 
 In that sRP.ie' Bible arc found the laws, regulations and commands, 
 of the very De'.ty tho Yankees impiously, because falsely, pretend 
 t/O worship, for the guidance of masters, and the treatment, man- 
 agement and control of slaves. These as clearly indicate the ap- 
 proval of God of the institution of slavery, and as evidently con- 
 template its continuance through all time, as those for any other 
 relation of life, such as parent and child, and husb^md and wife^ 
 Throughout the Old and the New Testament there is no law, drdi- 
 i3nnce, or command, forbidding slavery; there are many for its 
 regulation. These were given by Moses to the people, in the im- 
 mediate presence of God, and with his express sanction, as "mani- 
 fested by the pillar qf^ cloud which overshadowed the Tabernacle. 
 Those laws were never abrogated by the Saviour, nor questioned 
 b}^ His Apostles ; nay, one of them, very unlike a Yankee fanatic, 
 sent back a runaway slave to his mastej. At the very period of 
 the sojourn of the Saviour and His Apostles, slavery, in its severest 
 form, and tqif^n almost incredible extent, pervaded the whole Ro- 
 man world. The master held the absolute fiite of the slave in his 
 hands, and mighlf at his own pleasure, beat, torture or slay him, 
 xmquestioned and unpunished. Yet the Saviour did not see fit to 
 interfere w'ith slaver}^ as He found it in the world, and His im- 
 mediate Apostles, like all His true apostles and followers ever 
 since, followed His example, and wholly refrained from all inter- 
 feranco with an institution of wdiich he had expressed no dis- 
 approval. 
 
 Truly and justly has it been said, "that to fmd any precedent 
 or any justification of his fanaticism, the Yankee must have a new 
 Bible, and a new God; " and it must be an Abolition revelation, 
 and an Abolition Deity. It has been the good pleasure of that 
 God whom all Christendom adores, in the pages of that Revela- 
 tion which every true Christian reveres, to reveal to us that, in 
 some instances, slavery existed by His own especial interference 
 and will, in furtherance of the wisest manner of carrying out the 
 decrees of His providence. 
 
66 THE CONFEDEEATE. 
 
 The Tevrs, His chosen peopk', \vcro csi slaved laiore than once, 
 oometimes this was for the punishment of their sins, or the sins 
 of their fo refit hers ; sonietimes it was for their own benefit. 
 
 When a powerful nation, they were conquered by Nebuchad- 
 nezzar, and carried as shives to Babylon, where they remtiined, os 
 I a punishment, in slavery, for the space of seventy years. In their 
 infancv as a people, they v/erc enslaved in Egypt during the lapse 
 of four hrmdred years, but thisSvas for_ their benefit. They went 
 down into Egypt a small and scanty band — Israel, his twelve sons, 
 the Patriarchs and their families— but they increased, and multi- 
 T-diod, and Wtaxed strong 'in slavery, and they went up out of 
 Egypt a powerful and niighiy nation. The Abolitionist Yankees, 
 had they lived in the times, and in the dominions, of Nebuchad- 
 nezzar and of Pharaoh, would have rebelled against those mon- 
 archs, and waged War for the liberation of their Hebrew slaves, 
 and thus endeavored their feeble utmost to defeat the decrees of 
 the Almighty, and impiously entered, to the extent of their puny 
 power, into a contest with Omnipotence ! 
 
 Is it, by any means, cert^iin that they are not doing so eyen now ? 
 
 But even if well assured of this, it is doubtful whether Yankee 
 bi"-otry and fanaticism would cease their usual matlf)roceedings. 
 
 They, who are notorious for giving information to the Deity, 
 p-d volunteering theiy advice as to His action, in their long and 
 impious prayers, would, probably, not hesitate in their frenzy to 
 oppose His will, although made perfectly clear and indisputable to 
 eveii their benighted minds. Taking into consideration the facts 
 that slavery has always existed in tlie world, from the earliest 
 Pges — that it has never been forbidden, but approved by th§ Al- 
 mighty — that it was not rebuked, but sanctioned by the Saviour — 
 and that it was encouraged and sustained by His Apostles, one 
 would suppose that the Yankees would be a little more reserved 
 in their denunciations, a little more reasonable in their conduct. 
 If they had any particle of modesty, or any shadow of reverence 
 for anything, one would think that they might profit by the wis- 
 dom of the counsel of Gamaliel in relation to the persecution of 
 the Disciples of Christ by the Jews, and " take heed lest in this 
 matter they be found fighting £^gainst God." How do these bigoted 
 fantitics know that the enslavement of the African race is not in 
 
THE CONFEDERATE, 67 
 
 direst accordance with, the will and ordinance of Jehovah 1 How 
 <i(\^ they be certain that this is not for the ultimate benefit of the 
 Africans, as was the enslavement of the Hebrews in Egypt ? Or 
 what assurance have tliey that it is not for punishment oi" tlie sins 
 of theViiselves or their forefathers, as in the captivity at Babylon ? 
 Is there not sufficient evidence in the Bible the Yankees profv's.-; 
 to believe, and to whose precepts they pretend" to conform, for 
 warranting the belief that African slavery should exist, that it 
 should be perpetuated, and that it is in perfect accordance witli 
 the Divine decrees ? 
 
 Is it not admitted that Ham settled Africa, by all Christian peo- 
 ples 'I Is it not acknowledged that the Africans are his desccjidant;?-, 
 by all Christendom 1 Was not the punishment of slavery to his 
 brethren, for himself and all his posterity, denounced, for his 
 offences, by the Patriarch Noah, speaking in the power and the 
 Avisdoni of the Most High, and by His special authority 1 If the 
 Yankees do not deny these flicts — facts which all the rest of the 
 Christian world admit — what possible justification can they find, 
 in Sacred Writ, for their mad crusade against slavery ? If they 
 deny them, tftfen, indeed, they must needs have a new Bible and a 
 new God ! And have tliey not already supplied"themselves with 
 these necessary adjuncts to the cause of bigotry ? That they have 
 another God — not a new one, by any means, to them— but another 
 than Jehovah, the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob, 
 I am well aware ; it is Plutus, the God of Money ! and they hav- 
 ing been occupied, man}^ years, in revising, altering and improving 
 the Revelation of the Almighty, it is highly probable that they 
 have succeeded at length in providing themselves with -a new 
 Bible — not the Bible dictated and inspired by Omniscience, but 
 the text-booR and Bible of— Bigotry ! It w'ould bo in perfect 
 keeping with Yankee character, to have armed themselves with 
 such w(^pons, by such means, to carry on their unhallowed crusade. 
 
 Having commenced the attack upon slavery in a perfectly char- 
 acteristic stylo, the Yankee fanatics have carried it on in a like 
 consistent and, to them, natural manner. 
 
 Newspapers were established to support, encourage and propa- 
 gate their heresies, and put in charge of unprincipled men ; worth- 
 less persons traversed the countryf lecturing against shivery. Pul- 
 
68 THE CONFEDERATE. ^ 
 
 pits resounded with the outcries of fanatical preachers against the 
 South. Abolition societies were formed throughout Yatikeedoi-n. 
 Into all the books with which their presses groaned, falsehoods, 
 and slanders of slavery and slaveholders were slily insinuated, 
 even when these very books were intended' for, and in reality sent, 
 to the Southern market. Abolition pamphlets, sermons, newspa- 
 pei*s, almanacs, in countless numbers thronged every highway and 
 byeway of the reading world. In all these the institution of sla- 
 very, and the slaveholders, were virulently attacked and furiously 
 denounced. The very Constitution of our forefathers, considered 
 as a monument of wisdon"i, by the rest of the world, by which 
 Southern rights were protected from outrage, and Southern 
 property from pillage, but which put a check upon these mad en- 
 thusiasts in their wild career, was spunied, trampled, spit upon, 
 and denounced as "a leasjue with Death and a covenant with 
 Hell." Fanaticism and intolerance had full license, and enjoyed, 
 as they still do, a grand saturnalia. 
 
 In the very insanity of their zealotry, the Yankee Abolitionists, 
 not satisfied with having belied the Bible, by pretending to find in 
 it a sanction foy their outrageous creed and abommable practices, 
 deliberately set aside .the positive commands of God, when not ia 
 accordance wuth their wishes, and trampled on the Decalogue, 
 when it would have restrained their persecutions. Falsely de- 
 claring that the Bible prohibits slavery, and upon this ground re- 
 fusing to hold communion with slaveholders, they forgot, or delib- 
 erately disobeyed, the express laws, written by the finger of God 
 upon the tables of stone, .which say : " Thou shalt not kill," and, 
 " Thou shalt not steal." In the fierce ardor of their pretended love 
 towards the slave, and their anxiety to restore hini to his rights, 
 they forgot all love, or rather became all hatred, to the master, 
 and wholly forgot that he had any rights at all. 
 
 They commenced the systematic stealing £>f olir sl^N^es, and 
 when they were pursued by the master, they coldly murdered the 
 Avhite owner. Their love for the black, emblematical of their own 
 black hearts, prompted them to ajiy and every deed' of oppres- 
 sion and cruelty to Southern men wdiich did not require courage 
 and manhood, or where they could avait themselves of the advan- 
 tage of overwhelming numberl^. Keenly solicitous, alike for the 
 
THE COIN FEDERATE. GO 
 
 tomporal happhiess cud tlie eternal ^vcl^are of the Airican, tlio 
 Yankc6 Abolitionist, by every' means of Av hi eh he could avail him- 
 self, incited the ignorant slave to rob, to murder, and to run a\vay 
 from his master. The Yankee preaehers, in their philanthropic 
 zeal,. have petitioned tlie United States Congress, three thousand 
 
 "at a time, for the suppression of slavery in the South, while, again 
 forgetful of the Decalogue and the seventh comraandnient, none 
 were moved to petition for the abolition of polygamy in Utah ! 
 
 The fate of the poor slave, who was himieif utterly ignorant of 
 his very wretched condition, occupied all^the time, the zeal and 
 efforts of these pious enthusiasts, while th^'^bominations of !Mor- 
 monism appear to have been considered by them as wholly un- 
 worthy of their notice. Amongst these bigoted preachers, Hem-y 
 AVard Bcecher who recently escaped the merited punishment (u" 
 his enormities by a mob in New Jersoy, through the aid of th.- 
 
 ' police, stands conspicuous, not for his ability, but his infamy. lie 
 is, so far as I know, the first if not the Only preache^* of the Yan- 
 l:ees,'who has totally discarded all the decent observances of his 
 profession, and ©penly recommended murder from the pulpit, say- 
 ing " that Sharpe's rifles were the best arguments to use against 
 the slav<?owners," in Kansas. I pay him the distinction of this 
 special notice, not only on account of his own particular merit, but 
 in deference to the claims of his family. He is the brother of 
 that " Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stov/e," who is the author of that 
 false, mallcidus and infamous caricature of Southerners, and slan- 
 der of the South, called '"Uncle Tom's Cabin," a work which, 
 though quite notorious, and quite successful in the great object for 
 which it Avas written, moiiey -making, is one which- no man of de- 
 cent self-respect would not blush to own as his production, and 
 which no w^oman but a " Beecher" would have written. The 
 father of fhis amiable pair is " Lyman Beecher," a preacher, whose 
 excessive bigotry and intolerance drove him to Ohio, even from 
 the bigoted and intolerant city of Boston — Boston, which, mod- 
 estly calling itsdf the "Modern ^thens," is like to ancient Athens 
 in nothing — not even its idolatry ; for while the Greek Athenians 
 worshipped many gods, the Yankee Athenians worship only one — 
 Gold ! These Beechers are not without talent, but, from the ma- i 
 levolencc of their natures, it has never manifested itself except in 
 working evil to '-society and to humanity. 
 
THE CONFEDERAT, 
 
 ISTo. 10. 
 
 The Yankees, having embraced their last and wildest fanaticism, 
 Abolition, with more than common ardor, commencedj and still 
 continue, their scheme of proselyting and propagandism with even 
 more than their wonted intolerance, bigotry, and utter disregard 
 of all upright or honorable principles. In addition to the means 
 and appliances for the furtherance of their netarious ends, hereto- 
 fore stated, they endeavored, by every dishonest and sinister 
 method, to scatter their inflammatory prints, and spread their in- 
 cendiary doctrines, binding most of their Abolition publications 
 suppressed by the Southern post offices, they resorted to the vil- 
 lainous plan of sending them, as wTappers, with the goods and 
 merchandise they shipped to the South. Their unprincipled emis- 
 saries penetrated all parts of the Southern States, mingling secretly 
 with the slaves, endeavoring to instil their vile doctrines into the 
 minds of the negroes, and to iiacitc them, by every means and 
 every inducement, to the most liendish acts of incendiarism, out- 
 rage and assassination. 
 
 These devilish emissaries, when detected, were immediately 
 expelled from the society, and banished from the limits of th% 
 Southern States. Here the South committed a great oversight, a 
 serious error ; instead of banishing these fiendish fanatics, they 
 should have hanged them to the nearest tree. , 
 
 The professions of the Abolitionists were, in the commencement, 
 ecjually fiilse and fair. " They wished only to convince the South- 
 ern people of their error, and l^hen leave the matter entirely in 
 their own hands. They were very warmly interested in the wel- 
 fare of the negroes, but, at the same time, they were full of kind- 
 ness and affection towards their masters. They would never coun- 
 sel lior countenance the violation of the laws of the land, nor any . 
 infraction of the Constitution." Oh, no ! immaculate, unspotted, 
 
THE CQNFEDERATE, ' .71 
 
 unequaled plillantbropists, they were the last persons in the world 
 who could bo guilty of such enormities ! Their tender and sensi- 
 tive consciences impelled them, as a l)ounden duty, to point out 
 to " their Southern brethren " the sin of slaveholdins, and this 
 solemn and unavoidable duty they must needs perfi)rm 1 
 
 That duty, however, once discharged, they would wash their 
 hands of the whole affair ; and, ;their own skirts being clear, they 
 would leave the conduct of slavery, and the fearful responsibili- 
 ties of the slaveholders, to rest between them and their Maker ! 
 Mild, charitable^ pious, apostolic Abolitionists ! These profes- 
 sions, so plausibl}^ and persistently put forth, were like all of those 
 of the whole race, for three centuries, entirely unfounded and 
 utterly false. At the very time -they were, with shameless hy- 
 pocrisy, putting them forth to the world, they were straining every 
 energy to induce the slaves to rise against their masters- — to inau- 
 gurate a servile war in the South — to stimulate tlio negro to the 
 commission of every enormity and atrocity, and to fill the whole 
 land with outi-age, conflagi;ation and blood ! These fixir and false 
 professions did not, however, long continue. Thc}^ disappeared in 
 the first years of Abolitionism. 
 
 SoQii as the Abolition party saw the addition to their numbers, 
 and the increase of their strength, which they bellied the sure in- 
 dications of their final success, they threw oflT the mask, and avowed, 
 in unmistakable terms, their vile schemes and their fiendish inten- 
 tions. They unblushingly avowed that they we're " ready and 
 willing,'^whenever and wherever the opportunity occurred, " to 
 put a knife into the hand of every slave to murder his master" ! 
 The Abolition fanaticism was now wide-spread and rampant, and 
 in'the wild intoxication of anticipated triumph, these disgraceful 
 principles, which would have covered with ineffable infjimy (tea- 
 then or a savage, w^re openly avowed, not only by the lower 
 rabble of Yankeedom, but by their presses, their pulpits, and 
 their Representatives in Congress ! The South was given very 
 distinctly to understand that the institution of slavery was to bo 
 confined to the States where it already existed, and finally to bo 
 " eradicated," even there. The Abolitionists openly announced 
 "that they would not permit slavery to be introduced ihto 
 any new Territory," and that " no new State, whoso constitution 
 
• 72 " THE COKFEDEKATE. - 
 
 did not prohibit it, sliould be admitted into the Uiiion." This 
 brought on the great first struggle between the North and the 
 South, and prod need' the -Kansas war. The right of Southern citi- 
 zens to remove, Av«ith their property of every descl'iption, to any 
 new Territory, is one beyond all reasonable doubt, bat the wisdom 
 of testing the matter in Kansas is not quite so manifest. Slavery, 
 Tike everything else under the control and management of man, 
 ninst suiMnit to the teachings of experience, and be controlled by 
 the l;i\vs o'f nature. It is perfectly evident that neither in location, 
 climate- rior soil, nor in the character and nature of those who 
 were clearly to be,1in all human probability, the large majority of 
 its inhabitants, was Kansas at all adapted, or in any v/ay suited, 
 to be the held upon which to try the rights of the • South in the 
 experiment of introducing slavery into a new Territory. The 
 equal, if not superior, rights of the South to the occupancy and 
 use of the Territories is both clear and fndisputable. The Terri- 
 tories were allth^ common property of all the States, won by the 
 expenditure of their blood and treasure in common, but not in 
 equal proportions. Tlie proportion, of each, paid by the South, 
 being far greater than that paid hy the North. That the South 
 paid far the larger proportion of the money needs no argument, 
 for she has always done so, for all governmental expenditures, 
 since the beginning of our national history. That she bore a like 
 unequal part of the burden, in men, is easily established. What 
 may have been the relative amount of soldiers furnished by the 
 North in the Revolutionary war, 1 do not nam recollect, nor have 
 I, at this tinfe, any means of ascertaining ; but, fortunately, i do 
 remember the respective quotas furnished, by the North and the 
 South, during the second war with Great Britain, and the war 
 witb|Mexico, and from these we may draw a lair inference as to 
 what' was the rati^ of the Yankees in- men at the Revolution. In 
 the war of 1812-1814, the South furnished 96,812 soldiers; the 
 entire North, 58,552, making a majority in favor of the South of 
 38,260. The whole of the Yankee States furnished, for this war, 
 5,162 men, and the single State of South Carolina, 6,696, being, a 
 majority over New England of 534. * 
 
 In the Mexican war the disparity was still greater. The North 
 contributed- 23.054 ; the South 53,630 — nearly double in the abso- 
 
^^HB CONFEDERATE. 73 
 
 lute number of men sent into the lield, and in proportion to .popu- 
 lation, four times as many as the North ! Of. those sent by . the 
 North, Yankeedom furiiished only 1,048 — Massachusetts sending 
 1,047 ; New Hampshire immortalized itself by sending one ! and 
 the other New England States 'none ! Thus we see that both in 
 the war of 1812 and the Irlexican war, the South contributed 
 twenty times as many soldiers as all Yankeedom 1 It is, there- 
 fore, fair to conclude that, even in the Revolutionary war, the 
 Southern troops exceeded in numbers those of the North. 
 
 In point of taxation, in every shape, the inequality lias been in- 
 finitely greater, for here the " cute " Yankees have managed, 
 through cajolery and cozening, that the South should contribute 
 not only twenty to their one, but an hundred, or a thousand ! The 
 South, having thus paid by liir the larger portion, in men and 
 money, for all the Territories which becaibe the common property 
 of the country, would seem to have been entitled to, at least, an 
 equal share of them for their own benefit, and to be used at their 
 own pleasure, and to protection therein, by the Constitution and 
 the laws of the Federal Government, which botji guaranteed these 
 rights to the Southern, in common with all her citizens. But 
 "no," said the mild, the pious, the benignant North; " ^^ou shall 
 do no such thing ! " There is a' " Higher Law,'' said Garrison, 
 and Phillips, and Beecher, an|J Greeley, " a law above the Consti- 
 tution and the acts of Congress." There is an "Irrepressible con- 
 flict," said Seward, and Yankeebigotry and intolerance soon caused 
 his prediction to be realized. Some few Southerners had removed 
 to Kansas, taking with them their slaves. Instantly all the Aboli- 
 tion hive was in commotion. Bigotry had said that slavery must 
 not be extended, and fanaticism resolved to maintain the asser- 
 tion. All Yanlvcedom was in a violent ferment. The Abolition 
 press, pulpits and societies, were active and diligent. Emigration 
 societies were formed, and the most restless and degraded of the 
 Abolition horde were fitted out, armed and equipped with rifle 
 and musket, and sent to Kansas by the societies, to outnumber, 
 rob, oppress and murder quiet and peaceable Southern citizens. 
 But in subduing the Southerners j^i Kansas then, as in the Confed- 
 eracy now, the Yankee vandals met with but indifferent success. 
 The Southern people, seeinsr tho current of events, and intentions 
 
74 THE CONFEDEKATE/* 
 
 of the Yankees, went to the assistance of the slaveholders in 
 Kansas ; Yankee superiority in numbers was not sufficient to win 
 '^hem success in open field of battle, and ajl they could eii^^Qi was, 
 in their natural and craven line of conduct, a little stealing, and 
 an occasional myrder. Still, this effort of the Yankee Abolition- 
 ists was not wholly unproductive of soivie of the characteristic 
 i-ices and evils, which seem inevital>ly to attend upon all the ex- 
 T>eriments of fanaticism. 
 
 In Kansas, during the strife, there sprung into malign existence 
 the inflimous nam.e and oractices of Jayhawkers. 
 
 There rose into notoriety the ignoble villains, Montgomery and 
 Jim Lane, and the vulgar ruffian " Ossawatamie," or " Old John 
 Brown." There originated the germ of the same John Brown's 
 murderous raid into Virginia, and his cold-blooded cruelties and 
 murders at Harper's F^ry. This was the second scene in the 
 Abolition drama which had opened in Kar-sas. But the plans of 
 the principal actors had now changed ; their tactics were altered 
 entirely. In Kansas. the Yankees had proposed to themselves the 
 congenial task pf^-obbing and destroying Southerners, by over- 
 whelming numbers, it is true, but still in a manner somewhat 
 open, and a character witWsome specious pretensions to manliness, 
 but at Harper's Ferry everything was to be done in darkness, in 
 ^ecresy, and in entire concealment ; gi'obberies' and conflagrations, 
 murders, outrages and assassinations, were all to be confined to 
 the hours of night !., The hellish project failed, in a great measure ; 
 its instruments were 7iiostly shot, or captured and punished more 
 or less ; and Old John Brown fell into. the hands of Virginia and 
 Governor Wise, and was hanged. 
 
 These impressive and instructive lessons were not wholly lost 
 upon the Southern people. They began to. see and appreciate the 
 position the}- would occupy, should this vile and unscrupulous 
 iabble of Abolition ever obtain power to carry out their wicked 
 and pernicious designs, it was well that the South was aroused, 
 fur the time was rapidly approaching ..when to have been found 
 sleeping upon their posts would have proved irretrievable disas- 
 ter, and utter ruin to her and to her . cause.. The Abolitionists 
 had long been striving for the attainment of power commensurate 
 with their fanatical and destructive designs. For this they had 
 
THE CONFEDERATE, 75 
 
 labored day and night, jn season and out of season, by all means 
 however grovelling and debased ; and this power they had, to a 
 considerable degree acquired. Town by town, county by comity, 
 State after State, they had brought into their ranks, until the 
 whole North 'had ^ubiiiitted to their sway. Their power and in- 
 fluence wure manifested in the passage of what they called "per- 
 sonal liberty" acts, by the legislatures of all of the Northern 
 •States. These " personal liberty bills" were for the protection 
 and security of the runaway slave, and in^osed, in most cases, 
 the punishment of fine and imprisonment upon the master who 
 dared to seek -for the restoration of nis property. They were in 
 direct violation of the Constitution, the laws of Gv)ngress, and the 
 decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. They were' 
 complete " nullification," and they were carried into operation. 
 They amounted, essentially, as a destruction of the Constitution 
 and a dissolution of the Union. In the greater part of these States 
 laws were enacted refusing the use of t^Q legal prisons of the 
 State to the officers of the United States for the safe keeping of 
 refugee slaves whom they had captured. 
 
 But all this power, and it will be readily perceived that it was 
 a tremendous one, did not satisfy the Yankees. It had proved 
 instifiicient to enable them to carry out, with entire success and 
 triumph, their devilish enterprises in Kansas and in Virginia. The 
 ai(i of the State power, and the assistance of the State Governors, 
 had enabled them to do much evil — to inflict many injuries, and 
 pei^petrate many wrongs and outrages upon the South, but the ex- 
 tent of this power was too limited, and its field of operations too 
 confined, to afford a proper arena for the display of their infernal 
 ability, and the full accomplishment of the fiendish objects con- 
 templated and proposed by their evil and malevolent genius. ^No 
 more contracted area than all the States of the whole Union would 
 satisfy their unlimited ambition ; no power less extensive than that 
 of the whole Federal Government would answer their unmeasured 
 requirements ; no influence lower, or less potent, than that of the 
 President of the United States would enable them to realize, in 
 full fruition, all the ferocious p\^ns of their diabolical infatuation. 
 Tliey determined to seize the reins of the Federal Government, 
 to take the control of the political destinies of the whole country 
 
76 , THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 into their own hands — to lill Congress with their creatures, and 
 place their puppet in the White House. 
 
 They resolved to malvc a desperate struggle |br the possession 
 of all the influence, the 2^'^^siige and the power, which attach to 
 the name of the Government ; they spared no /means, neglected 
 no appliances, omitted no efforts, to secure the victory, and they 
 succeeded. Abraham Lincoln, their candidate, their thorough 
 proselyte, their zealous partisan and friend, was elected, by. a 
 minority vote. President of the United States* 
 
 But he v\'as the last one ever to be elected to that once august office. 
 
 Buchanan was the last actual President, and Lincoln is the last 
 President elect of the old United States. Others may bear the 
 title, perhaps, but no one will ever again exercise official power 
 or authority over all the territory once embraced in the limits of 
 the United States. The Abolitionists succeeded in electing their 
 candidate, but they were not destined to reap the tyiticipated fruits 
 of their victory. 
 
 The Yankees' first wild cry of exultation was scarcely uttered j 
 when they began to perceive that they had, in reality, but little 
 ground for triumph and gratulation. Scarcely had they raised the 
 cup, and tasted the first delicious flavor of power, when it was 
 dashed from their lips, and shattered to atoms. WJien the elec- 
 tion of Lincoln w^as ascertained to be beyond a doubt. South Car- 
 olina at once seceded from the Union; she was soon followed jjy 
 others, until she, and Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, 
 Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Virginia, North Carolina, 
 Tennessee and Kentucky, had quietly but firmly cut off their con- 
 nection with the old Union, and formed amongst themselves an 
 independent association, which i§ known by the title of the Con- 
 federate States. 
 
 They endeavored to make a just and equitable settlement with 
 the Government at Washington, and to withdraw in peace. ^ The 
 miserable and disgraceful shuffling, duplicity and falsehood of 
 Lincoln and his unprincipled Cabinet, and their final open and un- 
 questionable treachery, are familiar to us all, and are known to 
 the world. The result was the taking of Fort Sumter by South 
 Carolina, and the commencement of open war. The Abolitionists 
 stood aghast at the unexpected result of their own handiwork. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 77 
 
 The whole result for which they had toiled, and intrigued, and 
 lied, and sinned, for nearly half a century, had slipped through 
 their fingers in the very hour of their fencied triumph and secu- 
 rity. Those very Southern States which they had so long ruled 
 unjustly and oppressively, and which they had fondly hoped they 
 should now be^able to rule absolutely, and at their pleasure, they 
 found, to theit terror and amazement, that they were not to rule 
 at all. That the only way by which they could govern one nfan 
 in, or one acre of Southern soil, was war — and a war where viC' 
 tory was by no means certain to be in their favor,* and where a 
 bitter and tremendous struggle, with great suffering and loss, even 
 on their side, was well assured. Buchanan's term of office expired, 
 and it. became necessary that their champion, and the exponent of 
 their doctrines, should be inaugurated. 
 
 Then was seen, for the first time in history, the elected Chief 
 Magistrate of a powerful people cravenly and sneakingly slipping 
 in disguise into the capital of the country, to assume the reins of 
 government ! 
 
 Then w\as seen, for the first time in the history of this country, 
 that same Chief Magistrate, in abject terror of his life, inaligu- 
 rated into his high office under the countenance and protection of 
 shining bayonets, gleaming swords and loaded cannon. 
 
 What a sad spectacle for the contemplation of the admirer of 
 republics, and the lovers of free governments ! 
 
 But the shameful scene is over, and by the aid of a disguise, 
 and a hireling soldiery, Lincoln has become President of ^uch 
 portions of the old United States as are willing to acknowdedge his 
 ^way. 
 
 But what shall he, and his wild, mad, disappointed faction do 
 now ? The alternative lies between a peaceable release* of all 
 claim to power or autfhority over the Southern States, or a bloody 
 and protracted war. The conclusion to which he and they would 
 naturally come need not have been doubtful. That a horde of 
 wild fanatics, whose appropriate motto would be, from their very 
 origin, " rule or ruin," should decide in favor of. war was per- 
 fectly natural, and indeed inevitable. Without war they must 
 quietly yield up their power to tax, to oppress, and to persecute 
 the South. Rather than relinquish, for all time to come, these 
 
78 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 dear deliorhts, let blood flow in torrents, and treasure be wasted 
 like water ! 
 
 In perfect keeping, • and entire consistency with" all their past 
 history, and tliat of their whole race, the Yankees chose war. . 
 
 What to them were the rights of others, when they stood in the 
 way of their fanaticism? What to them-' was taxation, or. death 
 in the filed of battle 1 They would cunningly avoid the one, and 
 cr^venly shun the other. These evils were for others — not for 
 them ; were they not the " cute Yankees 1 " 
 
 The war in^igurated by their selfishness and arrogance is now 
 raging. In my next number I purpose to show how they have 
 prospered in it. ' 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 t:n o. 11. 
 
 In the last number v:o have seen the success of Yankee fanati- 
 cism in the dissolution of the Union, the overthrow ol" the Great 
 Republic, and the inauguration of a tremendous civil war. These 
 deplorable results are due to Yankee bigotry and intolerance 
 alone. The Yankees have won the just meed of the scorn, the 
 contempt and the hatred of the whole, civilized world, and the ab- 
 horrence of posterity for all succeeding time. They have set the 
 world on fire, and will be ren^iembered with Erostratus ! Branded 
 by a history, blackened in every page by the records of disgrace- 
 ful achievements, they have succeeded, at last, in winning an odious 
 celebrity, and- damned themselves to an infamous immortality 
 which totally eclipses tfe turpitude of their worthy brother, Ben- 
 edict Arnold, and must greatly mitigate the self reproach, and 
 alleviate the remorse, of Judas Iscariot. 
 
 Having resolved upon the subjugation of a people over whom 
 they had no shadow of just claim to any authority, the Yankees, 
 with their invariable hypocrisy, sought to justify their violent and 
 despoticf conduct by pretensions and assertions equally specious 
 and fallacious. They would, if possible, hoodwink the world, and 
 make it believe that their cause, instead of being one of aggres- 
 sion and oppression, was that of order and legal right. They 
 wea*e not plunging the country into all the horrors of a terrible 
 iiiternecine war for the empty bauble of power, or the ignoble 
 ends of gain," but for the " Constitution as it is," and tlie " Union 
 as it was " ! Doubtless, when they found they could gain no more, 
 this would, for the present, have satisfied them ; for, in truth, the 
 "Constitution," by their mal-practices and State laws, had become 
 a mere dead letter, and the " Union," by their knavery, was made 
 only one broad field for their exactions, extortions and peculations. 
 
80 THE CONFEDEKATE. 
 
 In addition, they were the ostensible defenders of the " honor of 
 the National Flag"' ! This, like the former, was a flilse and un- 
 founded pretension. The Flag for which they professed such de- 
 voted affection was not surrounded by any prestige of glorious 
 association. Adopted by Congress, in 1818, it had never floated 
 over any field for the maintenance of the honor of the country, or 
 the defence of human rights. 
 
 Its o!ily claims to distinction were the somewhat cfoubtfaj glories 
 of the FJoiida, the Black Hawk, and the Mexican wars — doubtful, 
 because the causes in which they wore gained were of rather ques- 
 tionable right, justice and magnanimity. It was truly in fine keep- 
 ing with their A\;hole history- that the Yankees should be the people 
 to precipitate this unjust and unnatural war. Their native home, 
 New England, had been the source of, or the efficient agent, in 
 causing all the rebellions, insurrections and civil strife, Avhich have 
 dishonored our country's character. There arose the ''Shay's Re- 
 bellion," the " Dorr Insurrection," and the " Hartford Conven- 
 tion," whose now well ascertained purpose was to organize an 
 armed resistance to the Government of the United States, which 
 treasonable design was only prevented J^'om manifesting itself 
 openly by the promptitude of the United States in concluding a 
 precipitate treaty of peace, conceded to the clamors of the North 
 at the expense of the cause for which the war was begun, the dig- 
 nity of the Government, and the rights of the people. Resolved 
 upon an act of baseness, in bringing on a- civil war, the Yankees, 
 by a flitality' we*" might consider singular, were it not characteristic 
 of, and in entire keeping with, their invariable course thioughout 
 their, entire history, were obliged, by tlieir natural proclivity to 
 degradation, to superadd to the act itself any available accessories 
 of disgrace. The doctrine of State Rights had been carried into 
 effect in the enactment of the, so-called, *• Personal Liberty bills," 
 by every one of the Yankee States, and the Federal Constitution- 
 and laws set at defiance. The State of Massachusetts, the centre 
 and heart of New England, the seat of the " Modern Athens," the 
 very soul of Yankeedom, and the hotbed of all fanaticism and 
 superstition, had not only enacted a " Personal Liberty bill," but 
 had passed- a series of " Joint Resolutions," still, so iar as I am 
 informed, unrevoked, declaring that " when Texas came into the- 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 81 
 
 Union, Massachusetts went out." Texas divi conic into the Union, 
 and according to her own resolve, Massachi^^setts was out — had. in 
 fact, seceded. 
 
 In addition to all this, the Hartford Convention, which had 
 assembled at Hartford, in the State of Connecticut, on tiie 15tli 
 day of December, 1S14, had adopted a report, of which the fol- 
 lowing paragraph forms a portion : 
 
 ^^In ea^es oi^ deliberiiie, dangerous and palpable infractions of the 
 Constitution, affecting the sovereigatij of a State., and the liberties 
 of the people, it is not only the right., hut the chtty., of each State P) 
 interpose its authority for their protection i>i the manner best calcu- 
 lated to secure thai end. When emergcncl'es occur 'which are cither 
 beyond the reach of judicial tribunals, or too ^^?'e.95f?2^ to admit of 
 the delay incident to their forms, States, which have no common 
 ■um2nre, must be their oivn judges, and execute their oion decisions.'''' 
 
 Here are laid down, by the Yankees themselves, and in terms 
 as explicit and emphatic as the most ardent States Rights man or 
 Secessionist could desire, the very doctrines of State Sovereignty 
 and Secession which the South has ever believed and maintained, 
 and for which she is now battling in the field. To justify their 
 vindictive and unrighteous war upon the South, it was necessary 
 for the Yankees, with characteristic inconsistency, to act in direct, 
 opposition to their own professed principles, in open violation of 
 the teachings of their own example, and, by their shameless ter- 
 giversation, to stultify themselves before the world. To these, 
 and other acts correspondingly ignoble and degrading, they did not 
 hesitate to resort. They initiated, and still conduct, the war in a 
 spirit of bitter malignity, of thieving avar;ce, of wanton destruc- 
 tion, of shameless outrage and unbounded cruelty, totally un^ 
 worthy of a civilized people — unknown in the annals of modern 
 war, and which would reflect shame and disgi-aee upon heathen 
 Caffres of Africa, or the brutalized Bushman of Australia. To 
 increase the bands of armed hirelings they were raising for the 
 slaughter and subjugation of a free people, they impressed or in- 
 veigled into their rani;s all of the ignoi-ant, pauper, and criminal 
 emigrants from Europe, and emptied their jails and penitentiaries ! 
 Professing to the South, and to Europe, that, whatever the result 
 of the war, the institution of slavery should not be interfered with, 
 or in any manner altered, they have, from the very outset, stolen 
 
82- Tii'E CONFEDERATE. 
 
 our slaves and appropriated their labors to their own benefit, ex- 
 acting, at the same time, and in the severest manner, the utmost 
 possible amount of that labor. Pretending that they \vould re- 
 spect private property, they have, in all cases, greedily stolen 
 v/hat they could convert easily to their own use, and wantonly 
 destroyed what they could not take away. In a spirit of vandal 
 recklessness they have burned private dwellings, pillaged and de- 
 stroyed private and public libraries, and without. Juiy military 
 necessity, wasted and desolated the country wherever they have 
 passed, with hejiriless and saviige barbarity. In the lace of their 
 solemn assurances to Europe, by Seward, Adams and Dayton, 
 Lincoln, in his Proclam;Uion of September, endorsed and enforced 
 as far as he could by that of the 1st January, has announced eman- 
 cipation, instant and unlimited, of all the slaves in the South. 
 
 True it is, as has been well said by some of the English papers, 
 this is mere hrutem fulmen^ and might just as wisely and effectually 
 have been extended to Brazil and to Africa, as confined to • the 
 Confederate States, but it shows the immeasurable falsehood and 
 baseness of the Yankee character and Government, and displays, 
 in their true colors, their bitter animosity and implacable hatred 
 towards our country and our people. Erom the first despotic 
 commencement, in Baltimore, the Yankees have observed neither 
 truth, nor faith, nor justice, nor decency. 
 
 They have trampled upon all laws, and made the tyrannical will 
 of a military dictator, wherever their forces have been in the 
 ascendancy, the sole legislative and judicial arbiter. Eree and 
 unoffending citizens have been arrested, in the day and in the night, 
 without legal warrant, and kurried from their homes to some mil- 
 itary Bastile, where they have remained incarcerated for months, 
 not only without trial, but without accusation, but merely on the 
 suspicion of their entertaining Southern sympathies ! 
 
 Women, of education and refinement, have, in the same lawless 
 manner, been long imprisoned in houses, inconvenient, unhealthy, 
 and without comfort, expose^! at all times, ai>d generally under 
 their close surveillance, to the insults of a base, licentious and un- 
 principled soldiery. Even children have been arrested in the 
 streets, and plundered of. their toys, or theii* apparel, because they 
 either did, or were supposed to, display the colors of the South. 
 
THE CONFEDEPtATE. 83 
 
 What a holy horror have the Yankocs manifested of the stars and 
 bars of our iiag, and the gray color of onr soldiers' uniforms ! 
 . These autocratic pmcecdings, first enforced against Southerners, 
 with the sanction and apphiuse of tlie North, Ity th.e Linc.dn des- 
 potism, were sodu e\tcnde(f to. their own citizens; This, continued 
 and increased to the present time, lias begun to excite some alarm 
 amongst the Yardices themselves. They are beginning to perceive 
 that in the ejj^rt to usurp the lihu.rties of the South, they have 
 raised up a power which has strip] icd Uwm n{ their own. They 
 will appreciate this more fully hererd'ter. Liberty, law, and con- 
 stitutional government have disappeared from the North forever. 
 A stern and grinding despotism now rules, and will long continue 
 to rule, that abject and degraded people. In this we, of the South, 
 can feel but little interest. A population so willing to bow^ to 
 the power, and lay their dearest rights at the feet, of a fanatical 
 and despotic ])uffoon, in order that they may be enabled to gratify 
 their unappeasable hatred, and glut their immeasurable avarice, in 
 the enslavement and plunder of a free people, can claim but little 
 sympathy in their bondage, from any one, and least of all from the 
 South. • • 
 
 The infamon?! notoriety won by the North in the atrocities which 
 have characterized their conduct of this war is, by no means, to 
 be confined to the subalterns, or the rabble of the Yankee army. 
 In the eternal shame and diso-race of their inimmerable savage 
 enormities, their wholesale burglaries, their arsons, their rapes, 
 and their murders, their Generals and Commanders-in-Chief 
 share in all the disgrace, and will participate in all the obloquy, 
 which history and posterity will award to their crimes, with the 
 lowest of their subordinates. Amongst these the lying Pope, in 
 his orders in Virginia, and the assassin McNeill, in his murders 
 in Missouri, stand in a light somewhat unenviably conspicuous; 
 but high above them all, the Beast Butler, in his reign of terror 
 in New' Orleans, has attained an eminence of intamy which dwarfs 
 their minor claims to indelible disgrace into compar;!tively pigmy 
 dimensions. To the proceedings <')f this unmitigated moral mon- 
 ster, this modern Polyphemus, I must give a somewhat particular 
 attention. To compare him to Suwarrow or Haynau would be 
 the wildest extravagance of flattery, lie commejictd his disjiraci- 
 
84 . THE CONFEDERATK. 
 
 fill career in the city of Inoav Orleans by the cold-blooded niurder 
 of Mumford, ^Yhich remains, inexplicably, unaverjged«by our Gov- 
 ernraent to the present time. The infamous order which has foi*- 
 ever associated his name with those of the vilest and most de- 
 graded, of all the human monsters whb have disgraced their kind, 
 appeared speedily after his occupation of the city. In order to 
 do full justice to the enormities of this human Brute, .1 shall avail 
 mvself of a oortion of the Messa<^e of the GovMiior of Louisi- 
 ana to the Legislature of the State, where they are forcibly and 
 eloquently depicted : 
 
 In a short time the enemy entered (New Orlealis), and its Gen- 
 eral comm.euced a career of brutality and ingenious villainy to 
 which no parallel can be found in the history of conquered cities. 
 Soon the celebrated order was issued, inviting his soldiery to the 
 jrratification of the most beastful lusts upon our noble-hearted 
 women. The abhorrent disgust spontaneously expreseed by the 
 civilized world at this brutal ifuffianism, extorted a lame apology 
 and impotent justification .of the outrage, but his subsequent 
 actions evince that it was the natural emanation of a mind capable 
 only of the vilest thoughts, and guided by the lowest instincts of a 
 depraved nature. The history of his despotio* domination over 
 our fellov/ citizens of New #rleans stands out as a beacon light to 
 warn other communities that destruction is preferable to such hu- 
 miliation, and to justify to the world the righteousness of resist- 
 ance to a nation whose Rulers and Generals transplant to the nine- 
 teenth century the maxims of conduct which were thought to have 
 been buried fimong the records of heathenish antiquity. 
 
 You will find on our recovery of the capital evidences of the 
 same vandalism. The majestic statue of the revered examplar of 
 resistance to tyranny, with which the liberality of your predeces- 
 sors had adorned the State House, has 'been abstracted, and the 
 valuable library, the accumulation of successive. years of judicious 
 expenditure, has been partially destroyed, and the residue removed. 
 The doors of the penitentiary were opened by these avengers of 
 desecrated laws, and the whole of the convicts were turned loose 
 and invited to become volunteers in their crusade f6r tlie re-estab- 
 lishment of the Union and the supremacy of law. Some accepted 
 the invitation, and joined the ranks of their fellows in the Federal 
 army. Others refused indignantly, and avoided compulsory ser- 
 vice' by flight. A large number Have been carried to New Orleans 
 and imprisoned for their refusal. 
 
 Spoliation of private property has been systematically incul- 
 cated among their needy soldiery, and here, as elsewhere in our 
 countrv, the costly furniture and ornaments of private residences 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 85 
 
 have been purloined, and (lospatehed with eager linstc to mlovn the 
 hulls of pauper adventurers. The transparent veil of war for the 
 restoratiou of the Constitution and the Union, witli which the 
 Government and followers of Lincoln have vainly endeavored to 
 conceal their designs, has been penetrated at last even by a portion 
 of their <)wn subjects, and the truth seems about to dawn upon 
 them, that in the effort to destroy our liberties, tliey have madly 
 lost their own. What sacrifices shall we not endure i-ather tlian 
 be reunited in a (jlovernment which has cotnitenanced such atroci- 
 ties, and has made a once honored republic tire reproach of the 
 world ! 
 
 That all these and many other enormities, such as compellins; 
 planters to divide their crops with 'his brother, Ar. J. Butler, or 
 to have their negroes driven off, and their homes and property 
 burned and w.-isted, the robbery of the citizens of their gold and 
 silver, their bills of exchange, and other commercial representa- 
 tiv,es of money, and their remittance to the North in his own 
 name and for the enrichment of himself; and the systematic em- 
 bezzlement of the commissary and other stores of his own Gov- 
 ernment, were practised by this hoary reprobate is indisputable. 
 It' is even vouched for by the letters of his Yankee confreres who 
 were residents of New Orleans dm'ing the time of his domination. 
 Yet, in defiance of the-public opinion of the civilized world, this same 
 Butler, I'eluctantly superseded at the latest, in compliance with 
 the indignant remonstrances of the representative of the French 
 Government, is received in New York city with an ovation, and 
 the Yankee Congress, insensible of shame and of decency alike, 
 endorse all his villainous conduct, and fully participate in, while 
 they in no degree diminish the qn.antity or the quality of his utter 
 infamy, by passing a vote of thanks to this vile murderer, de- 
 bauchee and marauder. • 
 
 From the outbreak of the war, the Yankees have been vainglo- 
 rious and boastful of wonderf^al and gallant feats which they " were 
 going" to perform. Their bravado, like'that of all braggadocios, 
 has been most ridiculously belied by their constituiionally craven 
 conduct. 
 
 ■' All the hard fighting of this war, and all the bravciy shown, 
 has been done, and exhibited, by the people of the West, who arc 
 as naturally brave as the Yankees are naturally cowards. The 
 Yankees have placed their confidence in their '-chariots and their 
 
86 THE CONFEDEFwATE. 
 
 horsemen" alone. They have not remembered that '' the hattlo 
 IS nut always to the strong.*' They h:i\e trusted to overwhelm- 
 ing numbers, and the power 17*1 v.en to them bv the use of their onlv 
 goJ — Money, forgetting that "The Lord He is God, and thr.t Ho 
 ruieth in the hosts- of Heaven and ilio ai in ies <.)f earth.'' With 
 their great Anaconda they wore '• to crush out the rebellion in 
 nitiety days"' ; but four times ninety days have elapsed, and the 
 '' rebellion" is not "crushed" out, but the Anac(jaida is. In the 
 contraction of its huge coils for the crushing operation, it came in 
 contact with a resistancxi "from Southern (ire and kSputhern steel, at 
 "Manassas, at Columbus, at Corintli, at Richmond, at Frederick.--- 
 burg, at Vicksburg, and many other places, which not only aston-" 
 ished the crushers, and prevented the crushing, but pretty eifect- 
 ualiy^" scotched the snake "! In almost every battle the Yankees 
 have either, as at Manassas, marched away from the Held, before 
 the figlit, to the sound of our guns, (.)r if they aw^aited the first 
 .shock, have been scattered like sheep by our gallant soldiery, 
 leaving the foreign and Western troops to bear the heat and bur- 
 den of the day, and to fight out the war which Yankee fanaticism 
 had. begun. On the land, though usually greatly outnuiubered, 
 we heave in a large majority of our battles defeated the enemy'. 
 They have never won any success, unless wdien they were at least 
 three or four to one, and even in some of these unequal conflicts 
 we have been victorious. On the w-ater, the Yankees' own chosen 
 and boasted field, iiaving no Jiavy, we have had bat little opportu- 
 2iity U) try conclusions with them ; still, I inuigine, they retain no 
 very flattering memories of the exploits of the ram Manassas, the 
 Virginia, the Arkansas, aud of the Sumter and the 290, or Ala- 
 bama ; an^ now let them look out for the Florida. With their 
 tremendous army, which they boast of as containing over a mil- 
 lion of men — with an immense na\'y in their hands, and none to 
 oppose them — with an >e,xpcnditure of a thousand millions of dol- 
 lars, already squandered, and more than a thousand millions of 
 dollars already appropriated, the Yankees have effected nothing 
 towards the accomplishment of their great end — the subjugation 
 of the South. 
 
 In the meantime, the disgrace of tlieir Government, in the Cabi- • 
 net, has bei.n more complete than that of their armies in the field. 
 
THE CONFEDEKATE. 87 
 
 Willi the mingled whining and bullying of a braggart ar.d a cow- 
 urd, the Yankee Government, in teJTible fear that England or 
 franco might sometime render ns that justice due alike to us and 
 themselves, by recognition or intervention, have endeavored to 
 stave oft' the dreaded \3vil by jVitiful aj^peals to amity and friendlv 
 existing relations, and contemptible threatenings of vengeance in. 
 case of interference ; they would then not only subdue us, which 
 they cannot now do, but would, at tlie same time, fearfully punish 
 both Great jjritain and France! Miserable, shameless Yankees, 
 at all times alike contemptible and revolting ! England and 
 Eraiice have both shown an unfair preference in favor of the Yan- 
 kee Government, by denying us our just rights, in accordance with 
 their own established usage, and their own construction of Inter- 
 iiational Law. Not content with this, the Yankees threaten them. 
 with condign punishment should they ever presume to right the 
 wrong ! To gain an a%^antage over the South the Yankees 
 humiliated, themselves by voluntarily, and unasked, yielding their 
 assent to the Paris treaty relative to privateers, which in the hour 
 of their pride they had refused. But this was not to be tlieironly 
 humiliation in the eyes of Europe. In the mad presumption, so 
 truly Yankee in its character, Wilkes had insulted the British flag, 
 and taken from under its protection the Commissioners of the 
 Confederate States. The act was an act of piracy, but all Yan- 
 keedom was in an extacy of joy and jubilation j Congress ap- 
 plauded, and the Yankee Secretary of the Navy complimented 
 Wilkes, and the city of New York feted him. Eor a short time 
 Wilkes, the Yankees, and their Govern ment^ were in all their glory. 
 But their triumph was of brief duration. All England was in a 
 tempest of indignation, and the partial Governmen-t was compelled 
 to act justly, promptly and vigorously. The Yankees would have 
 temporized, but this was not permitted. Finally, after all their 
 boasting, the prisoH^-s so gloried over were humbly restored to a 
 British deck, and Seward, conscious of the absurd and ridiculous 
 position of himself and his Government,, promulgated a long- 
 winded and rambling letter of explanation", which concluded witli 
 the ludicrous statement that '• the prisoners were restored in con- 
 formity with established American precedent and usage" ! If so, 
 ^ why were they ever imprisoned, or why not released until peremp 
 
88 TIIE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 toriiy demanded ? But all the world understands the full merits 
 of the case. The Yankees yielded to fear what they refused to 
 justice. Never was the Prime Minister, even of the most petty 
 German State,. so humiliated, so degraded, so trampled on. 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 ISTo. 13. 
 
 War, like intoxication, whether that of alcohol or gambling, 
 always tears away the veil with which interest, habit, or hypoc- 
 risy, have induced men to shroud and conceal their true charac- 
 ters and natural propensities, and displays the real individuality 
 of the person in genuine colors and natural proportions. It has 
 thus unmasked the Yankees, in the present conflict, no less com- 
 pletely than it did in those of his Puritan progenitors, whether 
 with Europeans or Indians. While making themselves, by their 
 'cowardice and pusillanimity, in the affliirs of privateering and the 
 Trent, the laughing-stock of Europe, they were reaping an abun- 
 dant harvest of undying shame and reproach by their perfidious^ 
 and savage conduct of the war in America. Our brave privateers 
 who had unfortunately flillen into their hands, were unfeelingly, 
 and in the gratification of an inhuman cruelty, exhibited in fetters ; 
 marched manacled through the streets to eater to the base pas- 
 sions of a vile rabble ; thrust into loathsome dungeons like felons, 
 and threatened with the gibbet ! This threat would, undoubtedly, 
 have been carried out, but for the consequences to their pet, Co^ 
 Corcoran, and some others, fortunately in our hands at the time, 
 by these same Yankees who have been the most wholesale pri- 
 vateers of all Christendom, and who are, many of them, even * 
 now luxuriating in the .privateering spoils of their fathers ! 
 
 As one, amongst in^umerable other instances in which the Yan- 
 kees have manifested an entire destitution of honesty, and a fair 
 sample of their morality, may be cited tlieir persevering efibrts to 
 flood our country with counterfeit Confederate money. This base 
 proceeding they, instead of any endeavor at concealment, which 
 an instinctive consciousness and shame of guilt which generally 
 dictates even the basest of men in their disreputable career, the 
 
.90 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 Yankees, with imblushing effrontery, boldly proclaim to the world. 
 Read the following article, cut from a late Mobile Register : 
 
 Yankee Honesty. — Counterfeiting is shamelessly avowed and 
 published to the world at the North. In Harper's Weekly (Jan. 
 10) — a paper which pretends to some decency — we find the fol- 
 lowing advertisement : 
 
 Confederate [Rebel) Money. — Eac simile Treasury Notes, so. 
 exactly like the genuine that where one will pass current the other 
 will go equally as well. Five hundred dollars in Confederate 
 Notes of all denominations, sent by mail, postage paid, on the 
 receipt of $5, by W. £. Hilton, 
 
 11 Spruce street, New York. . 
 
 That W. E. Hilton is a consummate scoundrel is an unques- 
 tionable fact, and that the Harpers are but little better is a very 
 fair inference. In connection with the above extract from Harper's 
 Weekly, it is quite refreshing to peruse in the Yankee histories of 
 the Revolutionary war, their fierce and bitter reprobation and de- 
 nunciation of the British for their attempts to 'depreciate the 
 American currency by the surreptitious circulation of spurious Conti- 
 nental money. The pious indignation and holy horror of the Yankee 
 historians are unbounded ! But this, and even their enormous 
 plunderings of their own Government, to the amount of millions, 
 could not at all satiate the Yankee cravings of avarice, nor check 
 their innate proclivity to knavery. Besides their wholesale rob- 
 beries of the Southern and the Northern Governments, they in- 
 dulge themselves in their wonted avocation, minor peculation, even 
 at the expense of their own sick, and wounded soldiery. See the 
 ajmexed article : 
 
 Yankee Like. — The New York Tribune says.it is currently 
 reported that large. bundles and bales of new bandages and lint, 
 'contributed by the people for poor wounded soldiers, have been 
 sold to paper makers at Dalton, Mass. 
 
 These extracts must be admitted as unquestionable evidence, as 
 against Yankees and Abolitionists, for they are taken from papers, 
 one under the editorial control of Raymond, and the other under 
 that of Greeley — two as genuine Yankees, and as bigoted and 
 fanatical Abolitionists, as can be produced in all New England. 
 In conformity to their natural and inherent propensity for imita- 
 tion, «spa«ially iia a«tions of very questionalald reputation, the Yau- 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 91 
 
 kees followed the example of Great Britain in another disrepu- 
 table and unjustifiable practice, of M'hich no one ever complained 
 more lugubriously than they did 'when it was enforced against 
 themselves. The British, considering the colonists " rebels " 
 against the majesty of the British Empire, refused, for a longtime, 
 to release their captives upon any terms whatever. The Yankee 
 newspapers of the time, and all their histories since, teem with 
 doleful descriptions of the sufierings of the republican prisoners in 
 the enemy's jails and prison hulks ! So the Yankees, affecting to 
 look upon Confederate prisoners as " rebels " against their majesty, 
 determined not to liberate them at all, either on. parole, or in ex- 
 change. They adhered to this unfeelhig decision until the fiite of 
 war had thrown the larger number of prisoners into the hands of 
 the Confederates. 
 
 Then the Yankee €rovernment, driven, at last, by the sufferings 
 of its own soldiers, and their loud and bold remonstrances, as well 
 as those of their friends and relatives, was forced to abandon the 
 position so inhumanly assumed. It still pretended to consider 
 the Confederates as rebels, and itself as the legitim'ate and only 
 Government, and, being a persistent stickler for forms and appear- 
 ances when in accordance witt its interests, consented only to an 
 " informal" exchange. Before the formalities of that exchange ' 
 could be completed, the chances of war, by the fall of Fort Don- 
 elson, had thrown the balance of prisoners considerably in its own 
 i^ivor. Instantly, with wonted treachery and bad faith, it refused 
 to fulfill its agreements, and no exchanges were, for a considerable 
 time, effected ! The career of the Yankees has becij distinguished, 
 in its whole course .since the commencement of this war, by un- 
 provoked destruction of property, and inexcusable waste of life. 
 Even as I write, new instances of their destructive and barbarous 
 proceedings are furnished me, in great abundance, by the daily 
 papers, from which 1 have already made, and shall continue to 
 make extracts. Not content with the wanton, lawless burnings of 
 dwellings, and other property, by their unbridled soldiery, it has 
 been encouraged and sanctioned by their Generals, who by their offi- 
 cial orders and personal participation, have lent their countenance to 
 these dastardly crimes. See the orda* of Brig, Gen. Mitchell : 
 
d2 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 Reauquarters Post, ) 
 Nashville, Temi., Jan. 1), ISGo.-^' 
 
 Special Order No-. 9. — I. In consequence of the wanton destruc- 
 tion of a locomotive and construction train upon the Nashville and 
 Chattanooga Railroad this day, by one Richard McCann and 
 Thomas Kilkird, leading a gang of outlaws, the property of those 
 men will be destroyed. ■ Col. Moore, 85th Illinois volunteers, will 
 proceed immediately with his regiment along the line of the Rail- 
 road to the houses of the j^ersons above named, and destroy their 
 houses, barns, fences and other property susceptible of destruction 
 upon their respective grounds, by fire or any other means at his 
 command. 
 
 11. It is hereby announced that the property of all parties en- 
 gaged in interriipting the workings of the Nashville and Chatta- 
 nooga Railroad, or other railroads in this vicinity, or of the ])as- 
 sage of the Cumberland river, will be treated in like manner with 
 the property mentioned in the above order, so far as it is in the 
 power of the General commanding at this post so to treat it. 
 
 in. All property of any kind belonging to any rebel or rebel 
 sympathizer, found wathin one mile of the locality of any similar 
 outrage perpetrated upon the line of railroad, or on the banks of 
 the river in this vicinity, will be destroyed in the manner , de- 
 scribed. 
 . By order of Brig. Gen. R. B. Mitchell, commanding post. 
 
 John Pratt, A. A. G. 
 
 The' "one Richard McCann and Thomas Kilkird" here men- 
 'tioned in the first section of this order, are officers in the service 
 of the Confederate States. They were engaged in breaking up 
 the communications of the enemy and arresting his supplies, things 
 fully sanctioned by usage in the wars of the most enlightened 
 nations, and practised by them at all times. The "gang of out- 
 laws" w^ere Confederate soldiers \ Yet the property of these offi- 
 cers is wantonly destroyed by order of this Yankee General, for 
 the crime of obeying the commands of their own Government. 
 
 But even this does not satisfy the destructive propensiiles of 
 General Mitchell. By the third section of this order the property 
 of all within a mile of the place, on railroad or river, where the 
 Confederate forces may dare to interfere with His Highness' con- 
 venience, is to be ruthlessly destroyed, although they be entirely 
 innocent of any complicity with, or knowledge of, the matter, un- 
 less they are recreants and traitors to their country ! In murder- 
 ing, the Yankees are equally discontented with being confined to 
 
THE pONFEDEPwATE. ' i),'; 
 
 ininriiicd and urioflbnding men, and have, yxWa the saiicLkui *.;i' ihc; 
 presence, and in obedience to the orders, of no less than a liehi 
 officer, commenced the cold-blooded and cowardly assassination of 
 helpless women and children, as seen in the following- article : 
 
 Murders in Missouri. — The Jacicson Crisis pnblishes the fol- 
 lowing stateinent on the anth'ority of a gentleman direct from Mis- 
 souri : 
 
 Col. Wm. R. Pennick, in command of a regiment of militia, not 
 fong since left St. Joseph with his troops in search of " bnsh- 
 whackei's," and having readied Clay county, arrested Chas. Pul- 
 lins, who le^'t Bnehanan in company with Capt. Gibson I'or the 
 Southern army. Pulljns was taken to Liberty, a mock trial was 
 gone through wi!:h,and he was condemned to be himg. He 
 offered to prove that he was a regularly enlisted Confederate sol- 
 dier, but N\ as denied the privilege, and accordino-ly hung. After 
 hanging Pullins, Pennick proceeded two or three niiks further, 
 and found two men sitting in a widow's door. He asked them if 
 they knew of the whereabouts of any bushwhackers. Upon bein'>- 
 answered in^'the negative he pnK'ceded a short distance, when he 
 Avas attacked and his regiment repulsed by men concealed in the brush. 
 Pennick immediately returned to the widov/'s house, hung the two 
 men he had seen there and burned the house. Crossing the river 
 into Jackson county, nominally in search of Quantrel, some of his 
 men arrested a boy who was taking clothes to Quantrel's command. 
 They went to the Jiouse of the boy's mother, who was a v/idow, 
 seized and hung both her and her son. This man, Pennick, disgraces 
 the position of Grand Master of the Masonic fraternity in Missouri. 
 
 Piring upon hospitals where the yellow flag is flying, and bom- 
 barding towns witiidut notice, are savage but common Yankee 
 practices. 
 
 Conduct so gratuitously cruel, so horribly atrocious, has never 
 l)een witnessed in any civilized nation, even in the most vindictive 
 conflicts of civil war, since the times of Puritan dominationjn Eng- 
 land, or the campaign of their worthy competitor for the prize of 
 ( ternal infamy, the Duke of Alva, in the Low Countries. Even 
 the least corrupt of the tools of Lincoln, it appears, cannot long 
 serve his Government, or associate with his other instruments of 
 tyranny and violence, without contracting a large portion of their 
 mendacity, and much of their natural baseness ; witness the follow- 
 ing order, recently issued by Gen. Rosecrans : 
 
 Retaliatiox. — The following (says the Rpbel Banner of the 
 20th) is the order of Gen. Rosecrans, under which the Confeder- 
 
94 THE CONFEDESATE., 
 
 ate officers captured in the 1)attles near Jilurfreesboro' have been 
 sent to Alton, 111., to Le kept in close confinement : ' 
 
 HeADQUAE.TERS DEP/Vr.TMENT CuMEERJ^AND, .) 
 
 Murfreysboro', Jan. G, 1863. ' \ 
 General Order Nor — The General commanding is pained to in- 
 form the commissioned offii^ers of the Confederate army taken 
 prisoners by the forces nnder his command, tliat, owing to the 
 barbarous measures announced by President Davis in his recent 
 proclamation, denying paroles to our ofHcers, he will be obliged t(f 
 treat them in like manner. It is a matter of regret to him that ■ 
 the rigor appears to be necessary. He trusts that such remon- 
 strances as may be made in the name of justice, huiifanity, and 
 civilization, vs-ill reach the Confederate authorities as will induce 
 them to pursue a different course, and thereby enable him to ac- 
 cord to their officers the privileges which he is alv^^ays pleased to 
 extend to brave men, even fighting for a cause v\diich he consid- 
 ers hostile to our nation, and disastrous to human freedom. 
 Bv command of General Eosecrans. 
 
 ■ C. GODDARD, A. A. A. G. 
 
 In this order Gen. Eosecrans, who has hitherto occupied a rather 
 more respectable place in public opinion than the balance of the 
 Yankee officers, has degraded himself to their level. In designa- 
 ting- the proposed measures announced in the proclamation of 
 President Davis, as "barbarous," he was guilty of deliberate 
 falsehood, for he was fully aware that they were in just retaliation 
 of the well known murders and other enormities of the "Beast 
 Butler-' in New Orleans. This is plainly and explicitly stated by 
 President Davis in his Proclamation. This order of Eosecrans 
 is in fiict, an endorsement and approval of the course of Butler 
 in New Orleans, and justly makes its author a participant in his 
 degradation and infamy. But the Government of Lincoln is not 
 to be surpassed in baseness even by the basest and most zealous - 
 of its subjects. Not satisfied with the operation of their paper 
 blockade, that vile despotism, in violation of all the usages of 
 war, and in a cruel, vindictive, and inhuman manner, perfectly 
 •characteristic of the Yankee race, have declared quinine, opium, 
 and other medicines necessary for the relief of suffering, the resto- 
 ration of health and the salvation of Hfe, " contraband of war " ! 
 The Yankee officers and soldiers make war upon defenceless men 
 and helpless women and children, and the Yankee Government 
 valiantly assails the sick and the dying ! It may be supposed 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 05 
 
 that the Yankee character has now been painted in strong colors, 
 and is complete, but such is not the case ; the portrait still needs 
 the finishing touch. In entire keeping with their invariiible course of 
 treachery and inhumanity, the base Yankees attempted to make the 
 exchange of prisoners, into which they wore finall^i compelled, the 
 means of dealing us another assassin-like stab. Our soldiers in 
 their povrer, who were just about to return to their homes, and to 
 mingle once more with their comrades in arms, were driven, by 
 their Yankee guards, into the pest-houses where their patients had 
 died of small-pox ! The Yankees, in their fiend-like malignity 
 and constitutional cowardice, hoped by this means to introduce 
 " that loathsome disease amongst the Confederate soldiers, and thus 
 to destroy by the plague the gallant enemies they trembled to en- 
 counter in the field. To this last extreme of baseness no savage 
 tribe, of which I have any knowledge, has ever yet descended, 
 even in their most barbarous wars. This lowest depth of treachery 
 and villainy was reserved for the Yankees. The picture is now 
 complete, and the Yankee Abolitionist stands out conft>sscd, and 
 in bold relief, the greatest moral monster of the wo^d. By this 
 last act he has crowned all his deeds of degradation, and stands 
 alone, conspicuously pre-eminent in unapproachable infamy. The 
 Yankees have becom.e converts to, and have improvjed upon, the 
 doctrine of the British Ministry, which was reprobated by every 
 civilized nation, and so eloquently and emphatically denounced by 
 the great Earl of Chatham : they have, in this war, unscrupulously 
 " used all the means which God, and nature, and Satan, have put 
 into their hands." Would not the innumerable atrocities* com 
 mitted, and the persistent violation of all la\Ys, human and divine, 
 by the Yankee fimatics during this war, fully justify the South in 
 raising the black flag 1 Do they not even seem to require it 1 
 And this is the people who would have us renew the Union with 
 them ! These are they who dream of reconstruction ! Never, 
 never, never ! Rather than this, let us have war forever — "war to 
 the knife ! " Rather than this, let our last brave defender die in 
 our last stronghold, striking gallantly to the last for a murdered 
 people and his ruined country. Rather than ever again have any 
 further connection with the abliorred Yankee, in any way what- 
 ever, political or commercial, moral or religious, it were far better 
 
OG . THE. CONFEDEKATE., 
 
 to rc^sort to even a v/orse alternative liiaii aimihilatioi::, and be- 
 ^; eome the subjects of England or of France, or even of the nuobt 
 -consummate dcppot of the most petty state in Europe. Any des- 
 tiny, any fate, is preferable to subjecLion to, or association v/ith, 
 that abandoned^ race, whose abominations and atrocities would put 
 to shamo the bestiality of a Caligula, or the cruelty of a Nero. 
 Although I have but 'little lliith in it, the indications of a speedy ■ 
 acknowle(%C!nent of our national independence, or intervention, 
 by the European powers, and the marked change of opinion and 
 feeling at the North, threatening a civil conliict within the domains 
 of Lincoln, furnish some grounds for anticipating the probability 
 of the conclusion of peace at no very distant day ; and it becomes ^ 
 important to consider the extent, character and ti:'rms, of that 
 peace which the Confedera-te Govermnent may with propriety, 
 dignity and proper self-respect, consent to ratify. Here my task 
 I is greatly diminished, and my purpose anticipated, by Mr. Foote, 
 in a series of appropriate and able joint resolutions offered by him 
 on the 13th of Januarv in the Con2;ress of the Confederate States, 
 of the- use of which I gladly avail myself. The joint resolutions 
 are as follows : 
 
 The people of the Confederate States of America having, in the 
 progress of the pending w^ar, most clearly demonstrated their 
 ability to maintain by arms the claim to separate independ- 
 ence, which they have heretofore asserted before the world,, and be- 
 ing inflexibly resolved never to relinquish the struggle in which 
 they are engaged until the great object for v/hich they have been 
 contending shall have been finally accomplished ; in view of the 
 flict that a great political reaction in opj)osition to the bloody and 
 unnatural war nov/ in a course of prosecution, has displayed itself 
 in several of the most populous and influential States of what was 
 once honorably known as " the United States of America" ; and, 
 in view of the additional fact that, even amoiig the avowed oppo- 
 nents of despotism and the recognized friends of peace, in the 
 North, a grave and deplorable misapprehension has of late arisen 
 in regard to the true condition of public sentiment in the South 
 touching the question of reconstructing that political Union once 
 existing under the protection of what is known as the Federal 
 Constitution. Now, in order that no further misunderstanding of 
 the kind referred to may hereafter prevail, and in order that the 
 unchangeable determination of our Government and people, in 
 reference to the terms upon which alone they would bring the 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 97 
 
 sanguinary struggle to a close, may be made known, the Congress 
 oi^ .he Confederate States of America do resolve as follows : 
 
 '^1. There is no plan of reconstructinf: what was formerly known 
 as the federal Union, to which the people of the Confederate States 
 will ever consent. Wrongs too grievous and niultijDlied have been 
 committed upon us and upon our most cherished rights, by a tmited 
 North, since this unprovoked and.most wicked war commenced ; 
 a majority of the people of the Northern States have too evidently 
 shown themselves to be utterly incapable of self-government, and 
 unmindful of all the fundamental principles upon which alone re- 
 publican institutions can be maintained. They have too long sub- 
 mitted patiently to the iron rule of the basest and most degrading 
 despotism that the world has yet known ; for too long a period of 
 tim§ they have openly and unblushingly sympathized with the 
 lawless and ferocious miscreants who have been sent into the bosom 
 of the unofiending South to spill the precious blood of our most 
 valued citizens — to pollute and desecrate all that we hold in espe- 
 cial respect and veneration — to rob us of our property — to expel 
 us from our homes, and wantonly to devastate our country — to 
 allow even of the possibility of our ever again consenting to hold 
 the least political connection with those who have so cruelly out- 
 raged our sensibilities and so profoundly dishonored themselves, 
 and in association with whom we feel that we could not expect 
 that freedom which we love, that self-respect which we are deter- 
 mined ever to cultivate, and the esteem and sympathy of civilized 
 and Christian nations. 
 
 2. Whilst the Confederate States of America are not at all re- 
 sponsible for the existing war, and have been, at all times, ready 
 to participate in such arrangements as would be best suited to 
 bring it to A close, in a manner consistent with their own safety 
 and honor, they could not. yield their consent to an armistice of a 
 single day or hour, so long as the incendiary proclamation of the 
 atrocious monster now bearing rule in Washington City shall 
 remain unrevoked ; nor could the Government of said Confeder- 
 ate States agree to negotiate at all in regard to a suspension of 
 hostilities* except ttpon the basis of a formal and unconditional 
 recognition of their independence. 
 
 3. Whenever the friends of peace in the North shall grow 
 strong enough to constrain Abraham Lincoln and his flagitious 
 Cabinet to withdraw said proclamation, and propose an armistice 
 upon the basis aforesaid, the Government of the Confederate 
 States will be ready to accede to said proposition of armistice, 
 with a view to the settlement of all existing difficulties. 
 
 4. Should peace be at any time brought about, the Confederate 
 States of America would freely consent to the formation of a just 
 Jiiid mutually advantageous commercial treaty with all the States 
 
98 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 now constituting the United States, except Neio England — with 
 whose people, and in whose ignoble love of gold, and brutif^"-^<g 
 fanaticism, this disgraceful war has mainly originated — in consl^l- 
 eration of which facts the people of the Confederate States of 
 America are firmly and deliberately resolved to have no inter- 
 course whatever hereafter, either direct or indirect, political, com- 
 mercial or social, under any circumstances which could be possibly 
 imagined to exist, with said States of New England or the people 
 therein resident. 
 
 5. Tile Government of the Confederate States, in consideration 
 of the change in public sentiment which has occurred in several of the 
 Northern States, wherein political elections have been recently held 
 —sympathizing most kindly with those by whose manly exertions 
 that change has been brought about — would be willing to conclude 
 a just and honorable peace with any one or more of said States 
 who (renouncing all political connection with New England) may 
 be found willing to stipulate for desisting at once from the further 
 prosecution of the war against the South ; and, in such case, the 
 Government of the Confederate States would be willing to enter 
 into a league, offensive and defensive, with the States thus desist- 
 ing, of a permanent and enduring character. 
 
 6. The Government of the Confederate States is now willing, as 
 it has heretofore repeatedly avowed itself to be, whenever the 
 States bordering upon the Mississippi river, or any of them, shall 
 have declared their inclination to withdraw from the further pros- 
 ecution of the war upon the South, (which, could it be successful, 
 would only have the effect of destroying their own best market,) 
 to guarantee to them, in the most effectual and satisfactory man-' 
 ner, the peaceful and uninterrupted navigation of the said Missis- 
 sippi river and its tributaries, and to open to them at once the 
 markets of the South, greatly enhanced ^ in value to them as they 
 would be by the permanent exclusion of all articles of New Eng- 
 land growth or manufacture. 
 
 7. The course of practical neutrality in regard to the pending 
 war heretofore pursued by the States and Territories west of the 
 Rocky Mountains, has afforded the highest gratification to the 
 people of the Confederate States of America ; and it is hoped that 
 the day is not far distant when said States and Territories, con- 
 sulting their own obvious safety and future welfare, will withdraw 
 from all political connection with a Government which has, here- 
 tofore, been a source of continual oppression to them ; and when 
 said States and Territories, asserting their separate independence, 
 shall appropriate to themselves the manifold advantages sure t© 
 result from such a movement — among which may be reckoned, 
 1st. Relief from grievous and exhausting tariff regulations, now 
 being rigidly enforced. 2d. Relief from all the discredit result- 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 99 
 
 jng inevitably from the prosecntioii of the present unjust and un- 
 authorized war. od. Relief from the pressure of a despotism- the 
 most. heartless and atrocious ever yet established. 4th. Relief 
 from the crushino; weigllt of taxation unavoidably growing out of 
 the war. 5th. The exclusive use and cnjoyinent of all the rich 
 mineral lands stretching along the slope of the Pacific. 0th. Free 
 trade with all the nations of the earth, and a future maritime 
 growth and power that has no parallel ; and lastly, a monopoly of 
 the trade of the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 These joint resolutions, with some alterations and additions, will 
 embody all those essential rules and principles which, in ray opin- 
 ion, are absolutely necessary for the governance of the South in 
 the conclusion of 2^eace. The entire exclusion of New England 
 is absolutely indispensable, but upon this point I^hall have a few 
 words to add at the end of this number. 
 
 The integrity of the territory of the States of the Confederacy 
 must be preserved entire and perfect. Further, Maryland, should 
 she desire it when released from her present thraldom, must be 
 allowed to become one of the Confederate States. We should 
 rejoice to own, as part of our country her fair territory intact, and 
 her magnificent Bay, if such be her real wish ; but if she shall 
 prefer submission to Northern despotism to freedom and honor 
 with the South, we can very well do without her, and God forbid 
 that we should use any efforts to influence, far less to sway her 
 decision ! Notwithstanding the expressed opinion of Lincoln that 
 there is no line for a division of the country, we can find one, I 
 believe, running with the Northern boundary of Maryland and 
 Virginia, the Ohio river, and the north line of Missouri, and thence 
 west indefinitely. To admit any free State, or a State partly free, 
 into our Confederacy, would be suicidal. While perfectly willing 
 to live in entire harmony, and to conclude equitable treaties with 
 the Northern States, we must be especially on our guard against 
 all " entangling alliances" with them. Let them enjoy the free 
 navigation of the Mississippi river, in its whole extent, and the 
 immense advantages of our markets, if they will first do us jus- 
 tice, not only by ceasing to make war upon us, but by the repeal 
 of all their " personal liberty bills," and all other acts of legisla- 
 tion hostile to the South, and guaranteeing to us, so far as rests with 
 them, the security of our slave property. Let the owners of run- 
 
100 THE CONFEDEBATE. 
 
 away slaves be well assured that they shall have every proper 
 facility * for, and assistance in, the capture of their absconding 
 property, both by the people and the laws of each of the North- 
 ern and Western States with which we may establish friendly 
 relations ; and if the slave cannot be i^imd and recovered, let the 
 State into which he first escaped be required, as in justice it should 
 be, to indemnify the ov/ner for his loss. These same States should, 
 at the same time, agree to introduce into the South no article of 
 New England's manuficture or production, nor any kind of mer- 
 chandise which has ever been, even for an hour, in one of her ports. 
 This obligation should extend to and cover all the property of New 
 Englanders, no matter where they are located, nor where they 
 may have established branches of their Yankee houses. 
 
 All books, periodicals, newspapers, and printed matter of every 
 description, the production of Yankee presses, or with which any 
 Yankee, no matter where, has had anything to do whatever, either 
 as writer, publisher or vendor, should be as strictly excluded from 
 the whole territory of the Confederacy as we would exclude "plague, 
 pestilence and famine." When the Western States will promptly 
 and cheerfully aid us in carrying out these objects, demanded by 
 our self-respect and our security alike, then, and not till then, let 
 them enjoy all the pleasure and the profit of friendly commercial 
 intercourse with the Confederacy. 
 
 Towards the fanatics of New England our course sh'ould, in my 
 view, be entirely different. As said the English, after the destruc- 
 tion of the Armada, " war ever, with the Spaniards," so say I, 
 "war ever, with the Yankees ! " No peace, no truce, no armis- 
 tice, but open unsparing war, until these pests of society and bane 
 of the whole human family, disabled, crushed, paralyzed, impotent 
 for evil, are wholly confined to their own barren hills, and within 
 their own rock-bound coast. Eor my own part I would willingly 
 see them, in the language of their pet Butler, " exterminated," 
 but this, I am well aware, is impracticable. The leviathan of the 
 sea, the behemoth of the land, the king of the forest, may, but 
 worthless vermin never can, be exterminated. When their an- 
 noyance becomes intolerable, they are destroyed by thousands; 
 still thousands escape to their holes and their hiding places, and 
 notwithstanding their noxious and noisome character, are secure 
 
THE CONFEDERATE. 101 
 
 in their insignificance. They are thenceforth but little heeded, and 
 are regarded with conteiuptuous dislike, or scornful indillerencc. 
 In that position I might ceaste to abhor them, but now my hatred 
 is as deep and enduring as that of Hannibal for Rome. I would 
 confiscate their property on land and ravage their commerce upon 
 the sea. Even w^erc their ships wrecked upon our coasts, their 
 crews should bo imprisoned and fined, in retaliation for their law.s 
 to fine and imprison the master who, in pursuit of his slave, en- 
 tered their land of bigotry and misrule. We cannot consider 
 them " as we do the rest of mankind, enemies in war — in peace 
 friends," but must look upon them at all times as foes — in war 
 avowed, in peace secret, but bitter enemies. I would strip them 
 of their property until they had fully indemnified us for the slaves 
 they have stolen, and paid for their luxury of the " underground 
 railroad." 
 
 To recompense all the evils ; to repay all the millions of which 
 they have plundered us is, I know, impossible. Even if their 
 whole barren country were brought to the hammer, and we were 
 to blacken their bodies and sell them to the planter, as they have, 
 themselves, blackened their souls and sold them to Satan, the 
 whole amount would scarcely be a tithe of the immense debt con- 
 tracted by ther villainy. They are the people, and the only one 
 pretending to be civilized, who realize Burke's description in his 
 vivid picture of the character of the Hindoo idolaters who inhab- 
 ited the Carnatic — " a people who would either sign no conven- 
 tion, or whom no covenant and no obligation could bind." 
 
 We cannot safely enter into any treaty with them, even if we 
 would, for they have violated every obligation, and trampled upon 
 every sanction ; and like perjured men, have no security to a)fier 
 for the faithful performance of their stipulations. Here, from 
 their own follies and vices, all their boasted ingenuity fails them 
 in morals and diplomacy, as it will again ere long, in what they 
 regard as of vastly more importance, temporal prosperity and 
 the acquisition of money. The markets of the South are already 
 closed against them forever ; those of the W^est soon wdl be, and 
 in those of the rest of the w^orld they confess ther inability to com- 
 pete with their European I'ivals. The time of a just but terrible 
 retribution draws rapidly nigh, when, unable longer to^ell thei^" 
 
Ivl2 THE CONFEDERATE. 
 
 inferior goods in any market in the world, their warehouses will 
 be closed, their manufactories will fall down piecemeal, their ships 
 rot idle in port, and the Yankees will be reduced to that poverty 
 they so much dread, and which they have committed so many 
 frauds, vices and crimes to avoid. May none of them ever be 
 naturalized, or even permitted to settle down, upon any terms, 
 in the South. Let these bigoted, fanatical, mischief-making, 
 would-be enlighteners, instructors, exemplars, and reformers of 
 the moral, political and religious world, be branded, like Cain, for 
 their crimes, and held up to the lasting scorn and derision of the 
 woi^ld. More intolerant than the Mussulman, their war-cry has 
 ever been, " Puritanism and tribute, or the sword ! " and outraged 
 humanity will make their infamy immortal ! 
 
 They will be recorded in history, and remembered by posterity, 
 as the Ishmaelites of Europe, the Bedouins of civilization, the 
 Pharisees of Christendom, the disgrace of mankind, the dishonor 
 of the Christian faith, the bane of morality — hostis Jmmafii gen- 
 eris — the curse of society, and the enemies of the human race. 
 
 H. 
 
■'"^^'Iiiiiiiiiiiliilliilli 
 
 ii 
 
 
 
 
 , '■'''■ ■■:^' '- 
 
 {, ';'■ r'' Ay 
 
 Ii! 
 
 
 
 
 ''■■'■: ''■•■''.' 
 
 :^''v':';|:'''':'!|ii:':':i; 
 
 
 
 
 
 mjpM