/ Oft INDEX TO THE PRINCIPAL TOWNS. (.Hotels mentioned in the Guide, pages 505-514.) -Abergavenny, 137 Abeiystwith, 138. Abingdon, 160. Alnwick, 395. Ashton, 344. Aylesbury, 191. Banbury, 192. Bangor, 182. Barnstaple, 111. Bath, 95. Beaumaris, 249. Benford, 364. Berwick, 399. Beverley, 422. Birkenhead, 246. Birmingham, 203. Bishop Auckland, 406. Blackburn, 339. Bolton, 259. Boston, 431. Bourne, 421. Bradford, 343. Brecknock, 137. Bridgewater, 117. Brighton, 26. Bristol, 102. Buckingham, 192. Bury, 338. Bury St. Edmunds, 469. | Buxton, 228. Caermarthen, 132. | Caernarvon, 140. Cambridge, 433. Canterbury, 2. Cardiff, 128. Cardigan, 136. Carlisle, 255. Chatham, 2. Chelmsford, 471. Cheltenham, 157. Chester, 149. Chichester, 75. Chippenham, 101. Cirencester, 154. Clitheroe, 340. Cockermouth, 330. Colchester, 471. Conway, 250. Coventry, 199. Darlington, 389. Dartmouth, 112. Deal, 5. Denbigh, 208. Derby, 355. Devizes, 94. Devonport, 116. Doncaster, 389. Dorchester, 44. Dover, 6. Droitwich, 158. Durham, 389. East Bourne, 19. Ely, 454. Eton, 90. Exeter, 110. Exmouth, 49. Fleetwood, 254. Flint, 247. i Folkestone, 14. Gateshead, 394. Gloucester, 156. Grantham, 388. Gravesend, 8. Great Grimsby, 430 Greenwich, 7. Guildford, 34. Halifax, 343. Harrogate, 377. : Hartlepool, 411. Harwich, 480. Hastings, 28. Hatfield, 372. Haverfordwest, 135. Hereford, 145. Hertford, 483. Holyhead, 249. Honiton, 48. Horsham, 30. Huddersfield, 363. Hull, 359. Huntingdon, 387. Hythe, 14. Ipswich, 477. Kendal, 269. Keswick, 288. Kidderminster, 153. Knaresborough, 377. DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Lancaster, 254. Leamington, 194. Leeds, 35C. Leicester, 354. Leominster, 145. Lewes, 28. Lichfield, 210. Lincoln, 421. Liverpool, 221. London, xxi. Lowestoft, 478. Lynn Regis, 457. Macclesfield, 227. Maidstone, 12. Malvern, 151. Malmesbury, 101. Manchester, 229. Margate, 4. Marlborough, 94. Merthyr Tydvil, 170. Midhurst, 76. Milford Haven, 134. Monmouth, 144. Montgomery, 141. Morpeth, 395. Nantwich, 212. Newark, 388. Newcastle, 391. Newcastle-under- Lyme, 221. Newmarket, 465. Newport, 67. Northallerton, 386. Northampton, 226. Norwich, 465. Nottingham, 443. Oakham, 365. Oldham, 343. Oswestry, 180. Oxford, 162. Pembroke, 135.. Penrith, 302. Penryn, 126. Penzance, 127. Peterborough, 420. Plymouth, 114. Pontefract, 384. Poole, 105. Portsmouth, 72. Preston, 254. Ramsgate, 4. Reading, 92. Reigate, 22. Retford, 389. Richmond, 440. Ripon, 378. Rochdale, 341. Rochester, 2. Rotherham, 355. Rugby, 203. St. Albans, 197. St. Davids, 135. St. Ives, 127. Salford, 230. Salisbury, 42. Sandwich, 5. Scarborough, 423. Sheffield, 376. Shields, 414. Shoreliam, 78. Shrewsbury, 147. Sidmouth, 49. Southampton, 56. Stafford, 212. Stamford, 388. Stockport, 227. I ~ “1 Stockton, 411. Stoke-upon-Trent, 221 . Stratford-on-Avon, | 190. Stroud, 155. . Sunderland, 412. Swansea, 131. Tamworth, 357. Taunton, 118. Tenby, 133. Tlietford, 465. Thirsk, 380. Tiverton, 118. Torquay, 112. Totness, 113. Truro, 126. Tunbridge Wells, 11. Tynemouth, 414. Ulverstone, 286. Wakefield, 356. Warrington, 238. Warwick, 193. Wednesbury, 178. Wells, 96. Westbury, 96. Weymouth, 44. Whitby, 424. Whitehaven, 297. Wigan, 253. Winchester, 52. Windsor, 89. Wolverhampton, 237. Worcester, 152. Ventnor, 70. Yarmouth, 479. York, 438. SKETCH MAP ENGLAND 0 and WALES S C Obr L A AD \ 9 Moffat ( „Appleby ' stan ^—4 r.htrkbum %oUxm / Oldham. ’mwIT StatTa Oxlia^l DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM. rtclcun Av'vd CU&y- It?5 ^ c> w.bi> S her s BLACK’S GUIDE TO ENGLAND AND WALES CONTAINING PLANS OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES, CHARTS, MAPS, AND VIEWS, AND A LIST OF HOTELS ELEVENTH EDITION. HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, WESTMINSTER. EDINBURGH ADAM AND CHARLES BLACK 1874 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/blacksguidetoeng01adam PREFACE. 9/4,s- ■bbzl 8 This Guide is arranged according to Routes and Districts, which, considering the vast scope of the country, is held to he the most convenient mode of imparting information ; but to afford every facility of easy reference, an Alphabetical List of the principal towns is placed on the boards at the beginning, in addition to the more copious Index which will be found at the end of the book. Numerous Plans of Towns, and Charts of favourite Touring Districts and Railway Routes, are interspersed throughout the text, to add as much as possible to the utility of the work. The Plans comprised are those of the principal towns of England, such as London, Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Hull, Southampton, Plymouth, Brighton, Cheltenham, Leamington, Oxford, and Cambridge. To this edition new plans have been added of Portsmouth, Norwich, and Worcester. The Population is given according to the Census of 1871. Edinburgh, May 1874. IV HOTEL CHARGES. The following scale shows trie average charge for the several items which enter into the traveller’s bill. The prices in the first division of the scale are rarely exceeded in any of the ordinary Hotels, while, in some, charges even more moderate may sometimes be met with. The prices in the second division show the charges in Hotels of the highest class in the principal cities. Bed, Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. Breakfast, Is. 6d. to 2s ... Dinner, 2s. to 3s. Tea, Is. to Is. 6d. .~ . Supper, Is. 6d. to 2s. Port or Sherry, per bottle, 3s. 6d. to 5s. Porter or Ale, per bottle, Is. Brandy or other spirits, per measure, 6d. ... Attendance, Is. to Is 6d. Private Room, 2s. to 5s. 3s. to 5s. 2s. to 3s. 3s. 6d. to 5s. Is. 6d. to 2s. According to what is ordered. 5s. to 6s. 9d. to Is. 2s. to 5s. 5s. to 10s. If the Traveller requires his tsble to be furnished beyond the ordinary scale of comfort, he must be prepared for a proportionate increase of charge. The payment of the gratuities to servants at Inns is a source of great annoy¬ ance to travellers. It largely contributes to the tourist’s comfort when the charges under this head are included in the bill. This practice has now been adopted by many Hotel-keepers. When this is not done, the following rules will enable the tourist to calculate the charges for himself. GRATUITIES TO SERVANTS. 1 . A single gentleman, taking the general accommodation of the Hotel for one or two meals as a passing traveller, Waiter, Boots, and Chambermaid. 6d. This includes the removal of any reasonable weight of luggage; but extra messages and parcels are charged separately. 2 . A single gentleman, staying a day and night, and taking his meals in the hotel, Is. 6d. or 2s. lor servants, and if he stays several days. Is. or Is. Gd. per day. 3. A gentleman and his wife, occupying a sitting room and bed-room, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. per night for servants. If accompanied by sons or daughters, or other relatives, half tins rate from each; but no charge for children under nine years of age. 4. A party of four or six for one night about Is. Gd. each. In country and village inns, even the lowest of the payments above quoted may he unnecessarily liberal, while in some of the fashionable hotels in London, the highest may be considerably under par. CONTENTS ACCORDING TO ARRANGEMENT OF ROUTES. l'AOE 1. London—Rochester—Canterbury. [Margate—Ramsgate—Sandwich —Deal.] Dover 2. London to Woolwich, Gravesend, Rochester, and Chatham by Railway 5. London to Folkestone and Dover, by Railway 4. London to Canterbury, Ramsgate, and Margate, by Railway 6. London to Deal, by Railway 6. London to Tunbridge Wells, by Railway 7. London—Maidstone—Hythe and Folkestone 8. London to Maidstone, by Railway 9. London, Sevenoaks, Tunbridge, Rye, and Winchelsea 10. London to Hastings 11. London to Hastings, through Tunbridge Wells 12. London—Uckfield—East Bourne 13. London to Lewes and Brighton, through Croydon and East Grin- stead ..... 14. London to Brighton, through Croydon and Cuckfield 15. London to Brighton, through Croydon, Reigate, Crawlev and Hickstead ... . . 1C. London to Brighton, through Sutton, Reigate, and Cuckfield 17. London to Brighton, by Railway 18. London to Lewes and Hastings, by Railway 19. London—Epsom—Dorking—Horsham—and Worthing 20. London to Arundel and Little Hampton 21. London to Dorking and Guildford, by Railway 22. London to Croydon and Epsom, by Railway 1-6 8-10 10 11 11 12-14 14 15-17 17 18 18-19 20-21 21 22 22 23-25 25-29 30-31 31 32 33 S'l CONTENTS. PAGE 23. London to Chichester, through Guildford and Midhurst—thence to Bognor . . . . ' 34-35 24. London to Chicnester, through Guildford and Petworth . . 35 25. London to Portsmouth, through Esher, Godaiming, and Petersfield 36 26. London to Gosport, through Alton and Fareham ... 37 27 London to Southampton, through Farnham, Alton, Alresford, and Winchester . . 37-39 28. London to Southampton, tnrougn Bagshot, Basingstoke, and Win¬ chester . . . .39 29. London to Southampton, through Alton and Bishop’s Waltham 39-40 30. London—Basingstoke—Whitchurch—Andover—Salisbury—Bland- ford—Dorchester—Bridport .... 40-44 31. London to Exeter through Basingstoke, Shaftesbury, and Honiton 45-46 32. London to Exeter, through Basingstoke, Andover, Amesburv, Win- canton, Ilminster, and Honiton . . . 46-49 33. London (by Railway) to Winchester and Southampton, thence to New Forest, Lymington, Isle of Wight,. Portsmouth, Chichester, Arundel, Worthing, Steyning ..... 50-78 34. London to Portsmouth, by Brighton and South Coast Railways 79-81 35. London to Portsmouth, by South Western Railway . . 81 36. London to Guildford and Farnham, by South Western Railway 82 37. London to Salisbury, by South Western Railway . 82 38. London to Poole, Wareham, and Dorchester, by South Western Railway ... .... 83-84 39. Hastings to Ashford, Canterbury, and Margate, by Railway 84-86 40. Hastings to Brighton, Chichester, Southampton, and Dorchester, by Railway . . . 85-86 41. Portsmouth (or Gosport) to Salisbury, by Railway . . 87 42. London to Richmond, Staines, and Windsor, by South Western Railway ....... 87-90 43. London to Bath, through Maidenhead, Reading, Newbury, Marl¬ borough, and Devizes ...... 91-96 44. London to Bath and Bristol, by Great Western Railway . 97-103 45. Bath to Southampton, through Salisbury . . . 103-104 46. Bath to Poole, through Warminster, Shaftesbury, and Blandford 104-105 47. Bath to Weymouth, through Frome .... 105-106 48. Bath to Bridport, through Shepton Mallet, Ilchester, and Crewkerne 106-107 49. Bath to Exeter, through Shepton Mallet, Ilminster, and Honiton 107-108 50. Bath to Exeter, through Bridgewater and Taunton 108-110 51. Exeter to Teignmouth, Torquay, and Dartmouth . 112 52. Exeter to Plymouth and Devonport, through Totuess . . 113-115 CONTENTS. vii PAGE 53. Exeter to Plymouth and Devonport, through Ashburton 115-1X6 54. Bristol to Exeter and Plymouth, by Railway . 117-120 66. Exeter to Tavistock, Calhngton, Liskeard, Lostwithiel, and Truro . . . 121-123 66. Exeter to Launceston, Bodmin, Truro, Penzance, and Land’s End 123-127 WALES. 57. From Bristol along the coast of South Wales, through Newport, Cardiff, Swansea, Caermarthen, Pembroke, Haverford, St. David’s, Cardigan, Aberystwith, &e. . 128-136 68. A Tour through Wales . . . 136-143 59. Bristol — Chepstow — Monmouth — Hereford—Ludlow—Shrews¬ bury—Chester—Liverpool . . . 143-150 60. Bristol to Gloucester, Worcester, and Kidderminster . 150-154 61. London to Gloucester and Cheltenham, by Railway . 154-157 62. Gloucester to Birmingham, by Railway . . . 157-159 63. London to Gloucester, through Maidenhead, Faringdon, and Ciren¬ cester ....... 159-161 64. London to Oxford, through Maidenhead and Henley . 161-166 65. London to Gloucester, through Oxford and Cheltenham . 166-167 66. London to Hereford, through Gloucester and Ledbury . 167-168 67. London to Hereford, through Gloucester and Ross . 168 68. London to St. David’s, through Cardigan . . . 169 69. London to Haverfordwest and Milford, by Oxford, Gloucester, Ross, Monmouth, Brecon, and Caermarthen . . 169-171 70. London to Aberystwith, through Oxford, Gloucester, and Here¬ ford . 172 71. London to Worcester, through High-Wycombe, Oxford, and Pershore . . . . 172-173 72. London to Aberystwith, through Worcester and Leominster 174-175 END OP WALES. 73. London to Shrewsbury, through Aylesbury, Kidderminster, and Much-Wenlock . . . . 175-177 74. London to Shrewsbury, through Aylesbury, Kidderminster, Brose- ley, and Colebrook-Dale .... 178 75. London to Holyhead, through Coventry, Birmingham, and Shrewsbury . ... 178-182 76. London to Newbury and Hur.gerford, by Railway . . 183 77. London to Westbury, by Railway . . . 184 78. Dover and Folkestone to Reading and Bristol, by Railway 184-186 79 London to Oxford, by Railway . 186-187 CONTEXTS. viii 80. Southampton to Oxford, by Railway . 81. London to Birmingham, by Oxford, Woodstock, and Stratford-on- Avon ... ... 82. London to Birmingham, by Aylesbury, Buckingham, Banbury, and Warwick ...... 83. London to Birmingham, by St. Albans, Dunstable, Daventry, and Coventry ..... 84. London to Birmingham, by Railway 85. London to Denbigh, through Birmingham, Newport, Whitchurch, Wrexham, and Mold ... 86. London to Chester and Holyhead, through St. Albans, Woburn, Northampton, Lutterworth, Lichfield, Stafford, and Nantwich, 87. London to Chester, through Newport, Whitchurch—continued to Parkgate ....... 88. London to Liverpool, through Dunstable, Coventry, Lichfield, Stone, Knutsford, and Warrington 89. London to Manchester, through St. Albans, Northampton, Leices¬ ter, Derby, Macclesfield, and Stockport . SO. London to Manchester, through Buxton and Stockport 91. London to Manchester, through Derby, Matlock-Bath, Bakewell, and Chapel-en-le-Frith .... S2. Birmingham to Liverpool or Manchester, by Railway 93. Liverpool to Manchester, by Railway 94. Birmingham to Manchester, by Railway, direct 95 London to Liverpool, by Trent Valley line of London and North Western Railway ...... 96. London to Warwick and Leamington, by Railway . 97. London to Shrewsbury, through Birmingham, by Railway . 98. Shrewsbury to Chester and Birkenhead, by Railway 99. London to Chester and Holyhead, by Railway 100. London to Lancaster and Carlisle, by Railway 101. Carlisle to Glasgow and Edinburgh, by Caledonian Railway 102. Carlisle to Dumfries, by Railway 103. London to Macclesfield, by North Staffordshire Railway 104. Manchester to Bolton and Preston, by Railway 105. Liverpool to Preston, through Ormskirk, by Railway 106. Carlisle to Whitehaven, by Railway .... 107. London to Whitehaven, by Preston, Fleetwood, and Ravenglass 108. Carlisle to Newcastle, by Railway TAGE 187- 188 188- 190 190-196 196-199 200-205 205-208 209-216 216- 217 217- 223 223-227 228-230 231-235 236-238 239-240 240 241-242 243 243- 244 244- 246 247-250 251-255 256 256 257- 258 258- 260 260-261 261-263 263-265 265-206 CONTENTS. THE LAKE DISTRICT Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland . . . Principal Towns and Lakes— Kendal—Birthwaite—Bowness—Windermere—Ambleside—Ulverston— Keswick—Derwentwater—Bowder Stone—Vale of St. John—Sour- Milk Gill—Buttermere, Crummock, and I.owes Water—Whitehaven— St. Bees—Ennerdale Lake—Wast Water—Penrith—Giant’s Oaves— Lowther Castle—Ulleswater—Hawes Water Mountains— Scawfell—Helvellyn—Skiddaw—Coniston Old Man—Langdale Pikes 109. Ulverston—Coniston Lake—Ambleside 110. Kendal—Bowness—Hawkshead—Coniston 111. Kendal to Ambleside ...... 112. Ambleside—Rydal—Grasmere—Thirlemere—Keswick 113. Ambleside—Langdale—Eskdale—Egremont—Whitehaven 114. Whitehaven—Cockermouth—Bassenthwaite Lake—Keswick . 115. Keswick—Borrowdale—Buttermere—Scalehiil—Cockermouth 116. Keswick—Borrowdale—Wast Water—Egremont 117. Keswick—Threlkeld—Penrith ... 118. Penrith—Ulleswater— Patterdale—Kirkstone—Ambleside 119. Penrith—Shap—Kendal County of Lancaster ...... END OF LAKE DISTRICT 121. Manchester to Bury, Haslingden, and Blackburn, by Railway 122. Manchester to Rochdale and Leeds, by Railway 123. Manchester to Huddersfield and Leeds, by’Railway’ 124. Preston to Blackburn, Burnley, Colne, Skipton, and Leeds, by Railway ... ... 125. Manchester to York, through Huddersfield and Normanton, by Railway 126. Manchester to Sheffield, Gainsborough, Hull, and Grimshy, by Railway . ... 127. London to Leeds, by Leicester, Derby’, and Chesterfield, by Railway 128. Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway 129. Leeds to Selby and Hull, by Railway . 130. London to Kendal, through Bedford, Nottingham, Huddersfield, and Kirby Lonsdale ... 131 London to Carlisle, through Hatfield, Stamford, Newark, Don¬ caster Borough bridge, and Applety ix PAGE 267-268 269-311 311-319 320 321 322 323-324 325-326 327 328-330 331 332 333-334 335 336-337 338-340 341-342 344- 345 345- 348 348 348-351 351-356 357 358-360 360-370 3i 0-37 2 X CONTENTS. 132. London to Loughborough, Nottingham, Chesterfield, Sheffield, Barnsley, Wakefield, Leeds, Ripon, and Thirsk 133. London to Newcastle-upon-lyne, through Ware, Huntingdon, Stamford, Grantham, Newark, Doncaster, Boroughbridge, Dar¬ lington, and Durham ..... 134. Newcastle to Berwick-upon-Tweed, through Morpeth and Alnwick 135. Newcastle to Coldstream, through Wooler ... County of Durham ..... 136. Newcastle to Edinburgh, by Jedburgh 137. London to Sedbergh, by Boroughbridge, Leyburn, andAskrigg 138. London to Durham, by Boroughbridge and Bishop-Auckland 139. London to Alston, through Wolsingham, Stanhope, and St. John’s Weardale . ..... 140. London to Sunderland, by Boroughbridge, Thirsk, Yarm, and Stockton ....... 141. London to Tynemouth, by Durham, Sunderland, and South and North Shields ...... 142. London to Kirby Moorside, through Helmsley, Blackmoor 143. London to Whitby, through Baldock, Stamford, Grantham, Don¬ caster, York, and New Malton .... 144. London to Scarborough, through York and New Malton 145. London to Whitby, through Lincoln, Hull, and Scarborough 146. London to Market Harborough, through Newport Pagnel, Olney, Wellingborough, and Kettering 147. London to Bedford, through St. Albans and Luton 148. London to Higham Ferrers, through Kimbolton 149. London to Flamborough Head .... 150. London to Hull, by York, Market Weighton, and Beverley 151. London to Market Weighton, by Bawtry, Thorne, and Howden 152. London to Great Grimsby, through Lincoln and Market Rasen 153. London to Great Grimsby, through Spalding, Boston, and Louth 154. London to Cambridge, through Ware 155. London to Cambridge, through Royston 156. London to Harrowgate, Ripon, and Thirsk (through Leeds), by Railway ....... 157. London to York (through Leicester and Derby), by Railway 158. York to Durham, Newcastle, and Berwick, by Railway 159. London to Hull, through Rugby, Leicester, Nottingham, and Lin¬ coln, by Railway ..... 160. London to Northampton and Peterborough, by Railway 161. London to Hull, through Peterborough, Boston, and Grimsby, by Railway PAGE 373-38C 380-394 394-399 339-400 400-401 402 402-403 404-407 407- 408 408- 409 410-415 415 416 417 417-424 424-425 426 426 427 428 428- 429 429- 430 430- 432 432 433-436 436- 437 437- 439 439-443 443-446 446-447 448-419 CONTENTS. 162. London to Hull, through Cambridge, Ely, Peterborough, and Bos¬ ton, by Railway ..... 163. Hull to Bridlington and Scarborough, by Railway 164. York to Scarborough, by Railway 165. York to Pickering and Whitby, by Railway 166. London to Wells (Norfolk), through Cambridge, Ely, and Lynn 167. London to Lynn, through Roystoc, Cambridge, St Ives, Chatteris, March, and Wisbeach ..... 168. London to Lynn, by Epping, Newmarket, and Brandon 169. London to Wells, by Newmarket, Brandon, Swaftham, and Fakenham ...... 170. London to Norwich, by Epping, Newmarket, Thetford, and Wymondham ...... 171. London to Norwich, by Chelmsford, Braintree, Sudbury, Bury St Edmunds, and Thetford 172. London to Norwich, by Chelmsford, Braintree, Sudbury, Bury St Edmunds, Ixworth, and Scole Inn, 173. London to Norwich, by Romford, Chelmsford, Colchester, and Ipswich ....... 174. London to Cromer, by Newmarket, Brandon, Walton, and East Derham ...... 175. London to Cromer, by Norwich and North Walsham 176. London to Yarmouth, through Chelmsford, Ipswich, Scole Inn, Bungay, and Beccles .... 177. London to Yarmouth, through Ipswich, Woodbridge, Saxmund- ham, and Lowestoft ..... 178. London to Harwich, through Chelmsford and Colchester 179. London to Southend, through Barking, Rainham, Stanford-Ie- Hope, and Hadleigh ..... 180 London to Southend, through Romford, Brentwood, Billericay, and Rayleigh ..... 181. London to Bedford, by Railway .... 182. Peterborough to Stamford, Melton-Mowbrav, and Leicester, by Railway ....... 183. London to Ware and Hertford, by Rail wav 184. London to Huntingdon, by Railway 185. London to March and Wisbeach, by Railway , 186. London to Downham and Lynn, by Railway 187. London to Norwich and Yarmouth, through Cambridge, by Railway . .... 188. London to Norwich, through Ipswich, Haughley, and Diss, by Railway ....... 189 Norwich to East Dereham. Swaffham, and Lynn, by Railway xi PAGE 449-452 452- 453 453- 454 454- 455 455- 458 458- 45S 459- 460 460- 4C2 462-486 467-468 469 470-473 473-474 475 475- 476 476- 479 480. 480- 481 481 481- 482 482- 483 483- 484 484 484 485 485-487 487-490 490-491 -Ml CONTENTS. PAGE 190. Norwich to Ely, Peterborough, and Leicester oy Railway 491 191. London to Newmarket, by Railway 491-492 192. London to Bury St. Edmunds, by Railway . 492 193. London to York, by Great Northern Railway via Grantham and Newark . . 493-494 194. London to York, by Great Northern Railway via Boston Lincoln. and Retford . 495 195. Bristol to Gloucester by Railway . 496 196. London to Gloucester, Chepstow, Cardiff, and Swansea (South Wales), by Railway . 496-497 197. London to Banbury, through Buckingham, by Railway 497-498 198. London to Oxford, through Winslow, Bicister, and Islip 498 Description of Yorkshire and Northumberland . . 499-504 Index and Hotels .... 505 MAPS, CHARTS, AND PLANS OP TOWNS. P4GE 1. London (Sketch Plan) ...... xx 2. Do. (Environs) ...... xxviii 3. South-Eastern Railway—-Reigate to Dover, Canterbury, Deal, Rams¬ gate, and Margate ...... 9 4. London and Brighton, and South Coast Railways—London to Brighton, Portsmouth, and Hastings . . . . .23 5. Rrightoii ... .... 26 6. South-Western Railway—London to Southampton . . 51 7. Southampton ....... 56 8. Isle of Wight and part of Hampshire .... 65 9. Portsmouth ....... 72 DJ. Great Western Railway—London to Bath and Bristol . . 97 11. Bristol ........ 102 12. Plymouth ....... 114 13. Great Western Railway continued, and South Devon Railway—Bristol to Exeter and Plymouth . . . . . 117 14. South Wales (Sketch Map) . . . . .127 15. North Wales ( Do. ) . . . 142 16 The River Wye — Monmouth to Chepstow . . . 144 17. Bristol and Birmingham Railway—Bristol to Gloucester, Cheltenham, Worcester, and Birmingham ..... 151 18. Worcester ....... 152 19. Cheltenham . . . . . . .156 20. Oxford . . . . . , . .162 21. Leamington ....... 194 22. North-Western Railway — London to Birmingham . . 199 23. Birmingham ....... 203 24. Liverpool ....... 221 25. Manchester . .... 225 26. Derbyshire * . 232 XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE 27. North-Western Railway continued—Birmingham to Lancaster, Liver¬ pool, and Manchester ...... 237 28. Lancaster and Carlisle Railway ..... 251 29. Newcastle and Carlisle and Tynemouth Railways . . 265 30. Lake District of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Lancashire . 267 31. Leeds ........ 357 32. Hull.359 33. Sheffield ........ 376 34. Newcastle-upon-Tyne ...... 392 35. Cambridge ........ 434 36. Midland Railway — Birmingham and Rugby to York, with the connect¬ ing lines ........ 436 37. York.438 38. North-Eastern Railway—York to Newcastle . . . 440 39. Do. do. continued—Newcastle to Berwick . 442 40. Great Eastern Railway—London to Cambridge, Ely, Norwich, and Yarmouth ....... 455 41. Norwich ........ 466 42. Great Eastern Railway—London to Ipswich, Bury, and Norwich 487 43. Great Northern Railway—London to York, Hull, etc. . . 493 44. Map of England ..... End of the Volume. VIEWS- Several views of Scenery and Buildings are interspersed throughout the Volume. ENGLAND, LONDON. Tlie capital of England is situated on the banks of the Thames fifty miles from its mouth. It extends into four counties, but the largest portion is in Middlesex. It returns 20 M.P. to Parliament, and the Population according to last Census, within the Metropolitan and Parliamentary borough district, was 3,008,101. In this guide we confine ourselves to a brief notice of what is most necessary for the Tourist to know in visiting the Metropolis. For further particulars we refer to the separate Guide, where full information will be found regarding the various objects of interest in detail. GOOD HOTELS, WITH MODERATE CHARGES. At Railway Stations. — Euston Square, Great Northern (King’s Cross). Great Western (Paddington). Grosvenor (Victoria Station, Pimlico). Ter¬ minus (London Bridge). Terminus (Cannon Station). Charing Cross (Char¬ ing Cross Station) ; each of these hotels can accommodate 200 persons at least. In or near the City arid East End. — Albion, 153 Aldersgate Street. Salis¬ bury and Farmer’s Club, Salisbury Square, Fleet Street. Anderton’s, 162 Fleet Street. Bridge House, 2 Wellington Street, London Bridge. Castle and Falcon, 5 Aldersgate Street. Cathedral, 48 St. Paul’s Churchyard. Guild¬ hall, 33 Gresham Street, Cheapside. Queen’s, St. Martin’s-le-Grand. Royal, 24-26 New Bridge Street, E.C. Radley’s, 10 New Bridge Street, E.C. Central, between City and West End. —Ashley’s, 13 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. Bedford, 14 Piazza, Covent Garden. Craven, 45 Craven Street. Arundel, private, 13 to 26 Arundel Street, Strand, near Temple Station. Caledonian, Adelphi Terrace, Strand, overlooking Thames Embankment. Haxell’s Royal Exeter, 371-375 Strand. Golden Cross, 452 Strand. Morley’s, Trafalgar Square. The Hummums, Covent Garden. Richardson’s, Piazza, Covent Garden. Tavistock, Piazza. Freemasons’ Tavern, 61-63 Great Queen Street, W.C. xviii HOTEL CHARGES. West End. —Westminster Palace Hotel, Victoria Street. Palace Hotel, Buckingham Gate. The Grosvenor, Victoria Station, Pimlico. Ford’s, 13-16 Manchester Street, Manchester Square—Bd. 2s. 6d. ; bt. 2s. ; dr. 3s. 6d.; t. 2s.; at. optional; p. r. 6s. Langham Hotel, Langham Place. Alexandra Hotel, St. George’s Place, Hyde Park. So. Kensington Hotel, Queen’s Gate Terrace. For Foreigners. —Hotel Sabloniere etr de Provence, 17 and 18 Leicester Square. Hotel de Versailles, 2 Leicester Place. Hotel de l’Europe, 15 Leicester Place. Hotel de l’Univers, 2 Earl Street. 1’anton, 28 Panton Street. Royal, 26 New Bridge Street, Blackfriars—Introduction required. Bd. 2s. to 3s. ; bt. 2s. ; dr. 3s.; t. Is. 6d.; at. optional. First Class Family Hotels for the Aristocracy and Foreigners of Distinc¬ tion. —Clarendon, 169 New Bond Street. Claridge’s, 42 to 45 Brook Street. Burlington, 19 and 20 Cork Street. Cox’s, 55 Jermyn Street. Fenton’s, 63 St. James Street. Albemarle, 1 Albemarle Street. Hatchett’s, 67 Piccadilly. York, 10 and 11 Albemarle Street. Limmer’s, 1 and 2 George Street, Han¬ over Square. Long’s, 16 New Bond Street—Bd. 3s. 6d. ; ht. 2s. 6d.; dr. 4s. 6d. to 8s. ; t. 2s. ; at. optional; p. r. 6s. to 12s. DINING HOUSES. Some of these are famed for particular dishes ; these are placed within brackets. Hours 1 to 5 p.m. City. —Hill and Lake’s, 49 Cheapside. The Cock, 201 Fleet Street (steaks, chops, and snipe kidneys). Dolly’s, Queen’s Head Passage, Paternoster Row (quiet chop-house). Izant’s, 21 Bucklesbury. Pimm’s Poultry. Central (hours 1 to 7).—The London, 191 Fleet Street, comer of Chancery Lane. Carr’s, 265 Strand. Divan Tavern, 103 Strand. Upton’s, 91 Strand. The Bedford, 2 Bedford Street, Strand. West End (hours 3 to 7).—St. James’s, 3 Church Place, Piccadilly. Fcderau’s, 190 Piccadilly. St. James’s Hall, 28 Piccadilly, and 69 and 71 Regent Street. Blanchard’s, 169 Regent Street. The Pamphilon, 17 Argyle Street, Regent Street. RESTAURANTS. Groom’s, 16 Fleet Street, close to Temple Bar. Verrey’s, 229 Regent Street. Gaiety, 343-344 Strand. Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street. Rault’s, 13 Oxford Street. The Pall Mall, 18 Pall Mall. Giraud’s, 61 Castle Street, Leicester Square. SUBURBAN Those marked thus * are famous for white-bait. Richmond —Star and Garter, and Castle. Sydenham —Crystal Palace Re¬ freshment Department. Blackwall —*Lovegrove’s Dock Tavern. Greenwich —* Crown and Sceptre ; * Trafalgar; The Ship. Gravesend —*The Ship. Cremorne Gardens, Chelsea—Smith’s. For further particulars see “ Black’s Guide to London.” Book of Cab fares published by Knight & Co. Price 2s. 6 lington. ) Arcades—Burlington. 1 Lowt.her. > Portland. J Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall. Arsenal, Woolwich. See Woolwich. Bank of England. Battersea Park. Bazaars—Soho Square. Loudon Crystal Palace, 108 Oxford Street, etc. Pantechnicon, Motcomb St. Isl ington, U pper St,, Islington. Baker Street. Portland and German Fair, 19 Langhara Place, etc. Bethlehem Hospital. Breweries—Barclay and Perkins. Meux’s. Whitbread’s. Bridges—London. Westminster. Waterloo. Blackfriars. Southwark. Ilungerford Railway. Lambeth Suspension. Chelsea Suspension. Various Railway Bridges. * British Museum. Buckingham Palace. Cathedrals. Chapels—Whitehall. The old Banquet¬ ing Hall. St. James’s. Inner Temple. Savoy, Chapel Royal. Admission by ticket of the Proprietor. Open to the public. Introduction by a member. Order of Secretary for War. Admission free. Open to the public. Admission free. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Order of a Governor, except on Sunday, Mon¬ day, or Saturday. Order of the Firm. Do. Do. For pedestrians only, charge one halfpenny. Admission free, on Monday, Wednesday, ami Friday, from 10 to 5. Catalogues, 4d. Admission (during the absence of the Court) by ticket signed by the Lord Chamberlain. See St. Paul’s and Westminster. Admission during Divine Service. Do. do. (At S a. m. and 12 noon.) Order of a Bencher. Omnibus routes marked. ibus EUSTON eofii WESTERl j ^-'STATION ?ffctc1 STGiles ^ZansdowTu f&ipncs' VevonshireUt ’crponfiue Barracks tfftuW, Uj B EL&P^VJ A jCtnsintjlon-Ji/» of Parliament. ) Museums—British. Asiatic Society. East India, India Office. Of Geology, Jermyn St. Open to the public. [The Hall is famous for Lord Mayor’s feasts and City elections, not forgetting the figures of Gog and Magog. In tire library may be seen the signature of Shakespeare attached to a deed of convey¬ ance.] Every day except Friday, from 10 till 4 ; Sun¬ days, 2 to 6—free. Order of the Proprietor. Open to the public. Order of a Governor. Open to the public. Order of a Governor. See Lords and Commons. Order of a Bencher. See the Temple Church, which is remarkably fine, and the Temple Gardens. Open to the public. Free,Monday, Tuesday, and Saturdays,10 to 10. Open to the public, on week days, from 1 to 6 ; Sundays, 2 to 0. Order of the Archbishop. Bencher's Order. Free on Wednesday and Saturday by order from Lord Great Chamberlain’s Office. On other days, order of a Peer, or of the Usher of the Black Rod. Open to the public on Tuesdays and Fridays. Open to the public. Do. Do. Order of the Master of the Horse. Ticket signed by the Master. [When coining is going on the Mint is well worth a visit.] Admission to the top, 3d. Do. 6d. Open to the public. Open to the public on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Order of a Director. Open to the public. Open to the public on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, from 10 to 4. xxu SIGHTS IN LONDON. PLACES. Sir J. Soanes’, Lincoln’s Inn Fields. United Service, Whitehall Gardens. Kensington. " National Gallery, Trafalgar Square. ) See also Sheepshank’s Gallery. ) Opera Houses—Italian, Hayinarket. ) Covent Garden. 1 Parliament, Houses of. Palaces—St. James’s. Buckingham. Kensington. Pantechnicon, Halkin Street, West Parks—Hyde. Green. .Regent's. St. James's. Battersea. Victoria. Polytechnic, Regent Street. Police Courts. Post-Office, St. Martin’s-le-Grand. Prisons—Millbank. 1 Pentonville, etc. J Queen’s Mews. Regent’s Park. Royal Exchange. Royal College of Surgeon’s Museum. Schools—Christ’s Hospital.’ N Charter House. Merchant Tailors. y St. Paul’s. Westminster. ) Science and Art Department. Soanes’ Museum. Society of Arts. Somerset House. St. James’s Palace. * St. Paul’s. St. Stephen’s, Walbrook. Sheepshank’s collection of Pictures, Kensington Museum. Statues—in Streets, Squares, etc. Queen Elizabeth, Fleet Street. Charles I., Charing Cross. Charles II.. Soho Square. James II., Whitehall Gardens. William II I., St. James’ Square. Mode of Obtaining Admission. Open on Thursdays and Fridays, in April, Max, and June, by Ticket obtained on application. Member’s ticket or introduction. Free, Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday, 10 to 5. Open to the public on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. Admission free to House of Lords on Wednes¬ day and Saturday, by order from Lord Great Chamberlain’s Office. The House of Lords is open during the hearing of Appeal Cases. To hear debates in House of Lords, order of a Peer; in House of Commons, of the Speaker or of a Member of Parliament. Order of the Lord Chamberlain. Admission Is. [The Lectures on Scientific subjects and Experiments are very attractive and instructive.] Open to the public. Order of the Postmaster-General or Secretary. Order of the Home Secretary. Ticket of Secretary to the Masterofthe Horse. Open to the public. Do. Member’s order or introduction. Open to the public. See Kensington M usenm. Admission by Ticket. [The Curiosities and Pictures are attractive.] Every day except Wednesday, by Member’s order. Open to the public. Order of Lord Chamberlain. Admission to body of Cathedral free; to Whispering-Gallery, 6d.; to the Ball, Is. fid.; to Model Room, Great Bell, Library, etc., 6d. ; to the Vaults, fid. In all 3s. Admission during Divine Service, Open to the Public. Single Tickets, from Ss. 6d. to 21s. Open to the public. See Bazaar. \ Open to the public. Order of a Governor. SIGHTS IN LONDON. XXIU Places. Statues— Continued. Queen Anne, St. Paul’s Church¬ yard. George I., Grosvenor Square. William, Duke of Cumberland, Cavendish Square. George III., Cockspur Street. George IV., Trafalgar Square. Wm. Pitt, Hanover Square. Fox, Bloomsbury Square. William IV., King William Street, City. Queen Victoria, Royal Ex¬ change. Duke of Wellington, Piccadilly. Hyde Park. Royal Exchange. Sir R. Peel, Cheapside. Dr. Jenner, Kensington Gar¬ dens. Gen. Sir Chas. Napier, Trafal¬ gar Square. Geu. Sir H. Havelock, Trafal¬ gar Square. Various in Westminster Hall and corridor of House of Commons. Sydenham Palace. Temple Church. Bar. ) Gardens. f Thames Tunnel. Thames Embankment. Theatres—Opera Houses, Italian, Covent Garden, and Haymarket. Adelphi, Strand (Webster’s). Alhambra, Leicester Square. Amphitheatre and Circus, Hol- born. Astley’s, Westminster Bridge Road. (Horsemanship.) Charing Cross, King William St. Mrs. German Reed’s, 14 Regent Street. Prince of Wales, Tottenham St., Tottenham Court Road. Queen's, Long Acre. Drury Lane, Drury Lane. Gaiety, Straud. Britannia, Hoxton. Globe, Newcastle St., Strand. Grecian, City Road. Christy Minstrels, St. James's Hall, Piccadilly. Mode of Obtaining Aomissiok. Saturday, 2s. 6d. Other days, Is. Shut on Sunday. Hours of opening, Monday, 9 a.m., Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, 10 a.m., Saturday, 12 noon. Closed at 6 p.m. Fares by Railway, from London Bridge or Victoria Station, on one shilling days, in¬ cluding admission, 1st class 2s. 6d. ; 2d class, 2s. ; 3d class, Is. 6d. Order of a Bencher. Outer portion open to the public during Divine Sendee. Open to the public. Admission, Id. Open to the public. Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. Opens 6.30 p.rc. Opens 6.30 p.m. XXIV SIGHTS IN LONDON. Places. Mode of Obtaining Admission. Theatres— Continued. St. James's, King St. Haymarket (Buckstone’s). Lyceum, Strand. New Royalty, Dean St., Soho. Olympic, Wyeh Street.(Liston’s). Princess's (Webster’s), Oxford Street. Sadler’s Wells, Clerkenwell. Strand, Strand. Surrey, Blackfriars Road. Victoria, Waterloo Road. Standard, Bishopsgate. Times Office. * Tower of London. Tussaud’s Exhibition, Baker Street. United Service Museum, Whitehall Yard. Vernon Gallery. National Gallery. * Westminster Abbey. Westminster, Palace of. Whitehall Chapel. * Windsor Castle. Woolwich Arsenal. * Zoological Gardens, Royal. Boxes, 5s. ; Pit, 3s. 6d. Opens 6.30 p.m. Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Opens 7 p.m. Boxes, 5s. ; Pit, 3s. 6d. Opens 6.30 p.m. Boxes, 2s. ; Pit, Is. Boxes, Is. 6d.; Pit, 6d. Order of the Editor. Admission, 6d. to the Armoury, and 6d. to view Regalia. Admission, Is. Daily from 11 till 4, by Member’s order. [The collection of arms and armour is good.] Open to the public. Admission free, during Divine Service, to Body of Church and Poets* Corner. To Chapels, 6d. The rest free. Open to the public (see Houses of Lords and Commons). Open during Divine Service. Admission to the State Apartments by ticket, to be obtained gratis from Colnaghis, 14 Pall Mall; Mitchell, Bookseller, 33 Old Bond Street; Droosten, Allan, and Co., Print- sellers, 126 Strand ; Keith, Prowse, and Co., Musiesellers, 4S Cheapside. Open Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, from 11 to 4. (Winter 11 to 3.) Order of the Secretary of War. Admission, Is., except on Monday, 6d. HOW TO SEE THE PRINCIPAL SIGHTS OF LONDON. Group I. West End .—Starting from Charing Cross, and passing the Horse Guards and Whitehall Chapel, visit the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, Bucking¬ ham Palace, and the Park. All this may be accomplished in one forenoon, if the Tourist cannot spare more time. Group II. Central .—Visit the National Gallery and British Museum. Group III. East End .—Visit St. Paul’s, and passing the Post Office and Goldsmiths’ Hall, proceed to Guildhall, the Bank of England, the Mansion House, and Exchange, and thence to the Tower, finishing the long day’s work at the Thames TuDnel, and returning by Cannon Street and the Thames Embankment. Group IV. Visit Regent’s Park and the Zoological Gardens. Group V. Starting per railway from the Victoria Station, Pimlico, the forenoon may be most satisfactorily spent at the Crystal Palace ; and if time presses, the evening may be most agreeably passed at the Kensington Museum. The visit to Windsor Castle will consume one day; and an excursion to Greenwich Park, including a visit to the Hospital, and the inspection of the Arsenal and Dockyard at Woolwich will fill up another. A third may well be devoted to Hampton Court Palace and Gardens, and Bushy Park; and a fourth to Kew Gardens and Richmond Park. Kate .—If there be abundance of time at command, most of these series can be sub¬ divided as may suit the convenience of Tourists. iChippdng B; Ve.m Ihxvyton /ETON COLLEb^ ^iWK^>SOR CASTtj 0fr: TV 57 J H^Unslcrw iICHMDND Wf Park Wimbledon. XOURT mgston U<*ilands P- o > f-> o 67 65} G2* GOf 57 * 56 54 60f 49 Deptford, cr. river Ravens- bourn, to Greenwich, 1 mile, thence to Woolwich, oj. Blackheath. Shooter’s Hill. Welling. Crayford. cr. river Cray. Dartford. ^2 cr. river Darent. Horn’s Cioso. Northtleet. Gravesend. B 5 * 8} 17 201 22 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Greenwich Hospital. Greenwich Park, a roy¬ al demesne, the favourite resort of Londoners. Woodlands. Charlton House, a fine specimen of the old manor house, the work of Inigo Jones, Sir T. M. Wilson, Bart. Belvidere, the seat of Sir Culling E. Eardlev, Bart. Wickham. At Hartford may be seen the remains of n nunnery founded by Ed¬ ward III. A branch of the old Roman Watling St. passes through the town. Here Wat Tyler’s rebel¬ lion commenced. Ingress Park. Northfleet commands a very extensive view. The church contains several handsome monuments. Milton Church. 2 LOUDON.—ROCHESTER.—CANTERBURY. [MARGATE.—RAMSGATE.— SANDWICH —DEAL] DOVER— Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. — zj r > i'l rH O vessels ply regularly between this place ami London. Op¬ posite the Block House, on 47 j Chalk St. 23} the Essex shore, is Tilbury Fort, bavin" a strong battery. Cobliam Hall, (Earl of 44} Gads Hill. 26} Darn ley), surrounded by Cobliam Woods. 42J Strood. 00 tv^ l -'"SU cr. river Medwav. Rcrlu-ster is a city of great antiquity. The objects must 42 ROCHESTER. 29 deserving ol notice in it are the Cathedral and the remains of the Castle, which occupy a commanding position, over¬ looking the Medway. Popul. 1861. 16.862. It returns two members to Parliament. 41 Chatham. 30 Ilartlip. 37 Rainham. 34 34 Newingham. 37 32} Kev St. 38} 31 Sittingbourne. 40 Morris Court. 29} Bassckild. 41} Rodmersham, W. Lush- iugtou, Esq. Rndfield. 23 43 Linslead Lodge, Lord Tevnham. Green St. Norton Court, Rt, Hon. S. R. Lushington. Ospring. Syndale House, W. Tlvde, Esq. 25 46 Belmont, Lord Harris. 21J Boughton. 49} At some distance to the right, Chilham Castle, J. IJ. Wildm-in, Esq , and Godmer- sham Park, It. Knight, Esq. 17 Harhledown. 54 15>- CANTERBURY. 55-i ON LEFT FROM LOND. Gads Ilill is tlic scene of Falstaff’s famous ex¬ ploit. Chatham is situated to the left of Rochester about £ of a mile from the high road to Dover. It is celebrated for its extensive dockyards ami naval arsenal. It has also an hospital for seamen and ship¬ wrights, and a victualling- oftioe for the navy. It is also a depot for troops destined for India Population (1861 36,177. One Member. At the distance of 1 mile is Milton Royal, famous for its oysters. Liustead. At a short distance. Tey Ilham. Faversham, 1 mile dis¬ tant. P 'pul. 5858. Nash Court. Hoath wood. ITall Place. Hales Place. Canterbury' is pleasantly situated on the Stour. It is the metropolitan see of all England. The chief object of attraction is the magnificent cathedral, with a fine choir, an altar-piece, designed by Sir James Burrough, a remarkable painted window, and the shrine of Thomas a Becket. It was begun in 1174, and not finished till the reign of Henry V. Under the Cathedral is a church for French Protestants, a colony of whom settled here after the revocation of the edict of Nantes, and established the silk manufacture, which still continues, though in a declining state. Besides the Cathedral, Canterbury contains four¬ teen parish churches—one of which, St. Martin’s, is built of Roman bricks, and is supposed by antiquarians to have been erected so early as the second century' of the Christian era. In the Church of the Holy' Cross, St. Dunstan’s, is buried the head of Sir Thomas More. In the eastern suburbs, a short distance from the Cathedral, are the remains of St. Augustine’s Monastery, formerly a mag¬ nificent building, which, with its precincts, occupied 16 acres of ground; the ancient gateway, still remaining, is a fine specimen of architecture. This building for a long period lay almost entirely in ruins, and part of it was used as a common tavern and brewliouse. However, in 1814 it was purchased by CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL CANTERBURY.—WIIITSTAELE.—HERNE 1!A1 &. J. B. Hope, Esq., M.P., a son of the author of “ Anastasius,” who not onty saved it from further desecration, hut has restored the gateway and built witliin the Abbey walls a Protestant missionary college. Mercery Lane, one of the ancient avenues leading from the High Street to the Cathedral, is interesting to the visitor from its having been, according to tradition, the usual resort of the numerous pilgrims who in former times flocked to Canterbury to pay their devotions at the shrine of Thomas a Beeket, where, as Chaucer expresses it— “ And specially from every shire’s ende Of Engle loud to Canterbury they wende.” * A pilgrimage to Canterbury will well repay the tourist, especially if he chance to be an ecclesiologist. Of the walls by which Canterbury was anciently surrounded, some remains still exist; hut all the gates have been taken down excepting one, Westgate, w hich forms the entrance by the London road. At the south-west extremity of the city are the remains of an ancient castle, a little to the east of which, and adjacent to the city wall, is a high artificial mound, called the Dane John (from Donjon), the sides of which are cut into serpentine walks, and tastefully adorned with trees and shrubs. The summit commands a fine prospect of the surrounding country, and the whole forms a favourite place of public resort. Canterbury has no manufacture of any importance, and, since the formation of the railway to Dover, has lost much of the traffic which it formerly possessed. Many of the lower class of inhabitants are engaged in the hop grounds by which it is surrounded. Canterbury has some trade in corn, and good markets for provisions of all kinds. It returns two members to Parliament. Popula¬ tion 21, 000. Six miles distant frqm Canterbury is Whitstable, a fishing village on the north coast of Kent, and near the mouth of the Swale, the estuary which sepa¬ rates the island of Sheppey from the mainland. It is connected with Canter¬ bury by a railway. Population, about 3000. Four and a half miles further to the eastward is Herne Bay, which lias of late years been partially frequented by the people of the metropolis as a summer bathing-place, for which its situa¬ tion is well suited. But the extensive scale upon which it was laid out gives it an unfinished appearance, and the greater gaiety of Margate and Ramsgate attracts by far the larger number of visitors. Tiie pier, or rather jetty, which is built on wooden piles, extends three-quarters of a mile into the sea, and forms a fine promenade. Herne Bay contains several charitable institutions, for which the inhabitants are chiefly indebted to the munificence of Mrs. Thwaits. Nearly three miles to the east of Herne Bay is the ancient village of Reculver, the site of the Roman station Regulbium, and afterwards the seat of royalty * Canterbury Tales. 4 M ARGATE.- RAMSG ATE. under the Saxons. The encroachments of the sea on this part of the coast have swept away many of the houses and part of the churchyard, which is situated on the edge of a cliff; but this has been preserved by artificial means from further devastation, and the two lofty towers of the ruined church, which form a well-known landmark to sailors, are kept in repair under the direction of the Trinity House. Immediately beyond the Reculvers is the Isle of Tlianet, on which are situated Margate and Ramsgate. Margate (II miles to the eastward of Herne Bay, and 16 miles, by the turr.- pike road, from Canterbury), originally an inconsiderable fishing village, has become of late years one of the most favourite and frequented watering-places in the kingdom. It contains numerous hotels, bazaars, assembly-rooms, a theatre, and other means of amusement for visitors during the bathing season. A stone pier, 903 feet long, and 60 feet wide in the broadest part, with a light, house at the extremity, forms a much-frequented promenade. During the summer and autumn, steamboats pass every day between Margate and Lon¬ don, performing the voyage in from six to seven hours. Population, 12,000. Three miles west of Margate is Birchington Park, in which aie two hand¬ some towers, one of which has a peal of 12 bells. Two and a half miles east of Margate is Ivingsgate, situated in a bay formed by an indentation in the chalk cliffs which line all this part of the Kentish coast. Kingsgate was formerly called Bartholomew's Gate, but received its present appel lation in consequence of Charles II. landing here on his way to Dover in 1683. A mansion was erected here by Ilenry, third Lord Holland, on a plan resembling Tully’s villa on the coast of Bake: it is now partly in ruins, which have a fantastic and not unpicturesque appearance. Adjacent to Kingsgate io the North Foreland, a bold promontory with a lighthouse on its summit. About 11 mile to the south of the North Foreland is the pleasant village and watering-place of Broadstairs, distant 3 miles from Margate and 2 from Ramsgate. Broadstairs is much resorted to during the bathing season, and is preferred by many on account of its quiet and retirement, as compared with the larger watering-places in its vicinity. It has a small pier for the protection of fishing-boats, but passengers from London are landed by boats from the Ramsgate steamers, which call here daily during the summer season. Popu¬ lation, 1549. Near Broadstairs is Piermont, a villa which was the frequent residence of Her Majesty when a child. Ramsgate, 16 miles (by road) from Canterbury, and 4 miles from Margate, is situated at the south-east extremity of the Isle of Thanet. Besides being greatly resorted to as a bathing-place by visitors from London and elsewhere, Ramsgate has also considerable coasting trade, and both ship-building and rope-making are carried on. The harbour, which embraces an area of 48 acres, is formed by two stone piers, of which the eastern extends 2000 feet in length, and if one of the finest works of the kind in the kingdom. The western SANDWICH.— DEAL pier is 1500 feet long, and has a lighthouse at its extremity. The harbour admits vessels of 500 tons burden, and is divided into two parts by a wall, fitted with sluices, and forming an inner and an outer harbour. The voyage between Ramsgate and London by steamboat occupies from seven to eight hours. Po¬ pulation 11 , 805 . On the east side of Ramsgate is East Cliff Lodge, the seat of Sir Moses Mon- tefiore, Bart.; and a short distance to the southwest of the town is Pegwell Bay, famous for its shrimps. Pegwell Bay possesses also an interest of another kind, since it was here that, according to tradition, Hengist and Horsa landed, about the year 446 a. d. A road also leads from Canterbury to Sandwich and Deal. At the distance of 3} miles it passes Littlebourne, near which, on the right, is Lee Priory, Sir F. S. H. Brydges, Bart. Three miles farther on is Wingham, and near it, on the right, is Dane Court, E. R. Rice, Esq. A little farther in the same direction is Goodneston, Sir B. W. Bridges, Bart. Three miles and a quarter from Wingham is Ash; and three miles farther, the town of Sandwich. This was formerly a place of some importance, but its harbour has long been choked up with sand. It is a Cinque Port, and contains 2944 inhabitants. About 54 miles from Sandwich is Deal, also one of the Cinque Ports, and situated near the Downs, which extend about 8 miles in length and 6 in breadth, between this place and the Goodwin Sands. Deal wa3, before the general rise of steam tugs, the general rendezvous of the East India and other fleets. Here was also an establishment of pilots, for the more safe conveyance of shipping into and out of the Downs, and up the rivers .Thames and Medway. Deal is defended by a castle, and along the coast are several martello towers. Be¬ tween this place and Sandwich is Sandown Castle, built by Henry VIII; andabout a mile from the town, on the other side, is Walnier Castle, held till his decease by the Duke of Wellington, as Warden ot the Cinque Ports. Deal has of late years become frequented as a watering-place, and its appearance been in consequence greatly improved. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in boat-building, sail¬ making, and other pursuits of a nautical character ; and the Deal boatmen have a deservedly high repute for their skill and intrepidity in affording assistance to vessels in distress. For Parliamentary purposes Deal is included in the bo¬ rough of Sandwich, which, conjointly with it, returns two members to Parlia¬ ment. Population, 8000. Six miles distant from Deal is the S. Foreland Lighthouse ; and three miles beyond, Dover. Margate, Ramsgate, and Deal are all connected with the metropolis by railways, for which see pages 10 and 11. 6 ROUTE TO DOVER— (Jonhnuel. 1 ON EIGHT FE031 LOND. From lover. Resuming the Route to Dover. O ON LEFT FEOil LOND. 1—1 Nackingtou, Lord cr. the river Stour. Bifrons, H. E. Taylor, Sondes. Esq. Renwell. Beaksbourne House. m Bridge. 58J R. Peckham, Esq. Bridge Place. High am. Bourne Place. 61 Ileden, J. P. Plumptre, Charlton Place. 10 Barham Dcwn. Esq. Denhill. Barham. Broome Park, Sir II. 7i Halfway House. C3J Woolwich Wood. O.venden, Bart. Wootton Court, Sir P. S. H. Brydges, Burt. 5 Lvdden. G6 At a little distance. 3 Ewell. G8 W aldershare, Earl o; n Buekland. 69* Guillord. Just entering Dover, on tlie riaht. are the new barracks and fortifications. .gp® cr. river. 71 DOVER. Dover is situated in a deep valley, formed by an opening in the chalk hills, which surround it in the form of an amphitheatre. On one of these, situated to the eastward of the town, and rising abruptly to a height of 320 feet above the sea, is situated the ancient Castle. The walls of Dover Castle embrace an area of nearly 35 acres of ground, within which space are contained towers and other buildings of various ages, from Roman to recent times. The appearance of the whole, from the commanding elevation which it occupies, is very im¬ posing. Other portions of the heights adjacent to the town are also fortified. The harbour, which is-formed artificially by piers and jetties, has recently been deepened and much improved, at vast expense. The town has been greatly extended of late years, and is now a fashionable and much-frcquented watering- place, with every accommodation for the convenience of visitors. It is situated at the point of our island which makes the nearest approach to the coast oi France, which is distant only 21 miles, and which is distinctly visible in clear weather. By means of the submarine electric telegraph, Dover now keeps up a constant communication with France, and through her, with a great portion of the continent. It was formerly the principal place of embarkation for the continent, but has been partially superseded in that respect by Folkstone. Dover is one of the Cinque Ports, and returns two members to Parliament. Population 28,000. The hotels and inns are numerous About half a mile to the south-west of Dover is Shakespere’s Cliff, a bold prominence of chalk, now tunnelled through by the railway, and the name of which is derived from the well-known description in the fourth act of “ King Lear,” which it is supposed to have suggested. But portions of the summit have fahen at various times, so that it now retires inland, and no longer “looks fearfully in the confined deep,”—though still affording a magnificent and “ dizzy” prospect. Days for seeing Castle, Monday and Saturday. Li. LONDON TO WOOLWICH, GRAVESEND ROCHESTER, AND CHATHAM, BY RAILWAY. 3i Miles. 7 ON RIGTIT FROM LORD. Railway to Brighton and Dover branches off. The Hailway passes through th<- centre of Woolwich, which is distant 8 m. from London by road, and about 9A m. by water. Here is a Government dockyard, esta¬ blished in the reign of Henry VIII., consisting of a narrow strip of land, which extends for more than half a m. along the banks of the river. But the chief object of interest is the R. Arsenal, which covers mure than 100 acres, and forma the grand depot of artillery for the use of the army and navy. It seldom contains fewer than 24,000 pieces of ordnance, besides smaller arms innumerable. Here nre foundries for can¬ non, and every other descrip¬ tion of warlike stores. On the adjacent common are exten¬ sive barracks, a Royal Mili¬ tary Academy for the educa¬ tion of young gentlemen designed for the military pro¬ fession, and a Military Repos¬ itory. containing weapons of destruction of almost every ago and nation. There is a large convict establishment here employed in the Govern¬ ment Dockyard and the Arse¬ nal. On the opposite side of the Thames u new town is springing up, called North- Wool wich. l*op. of Parish 0,605. Plumstead. Behidere Park, Sir C. E. Eardlcy, Bart. Lesness Park. May place. Crayford. SvraitRcombe. From London Bridge, by Greenwich railway, for 24 miles. Enter Kent. The Greenwich railway was the first constructed line which had its com¬ mencement in the metro¬ polis. It is constructed throughout upon arches, which form a viaduct 22 feet in height above the ground. This line forms the point of departure for both the Brighton and Do¬ ver lilies. cr. river Bavens- bounie. 27 28 24 23 22 \ Lewisham Station. Blackheath St. Charlton St. Close to the Station is the fine old manor house of Charlton, Sir T. M. Wilson. Bart. Woolwich Dockyd. St. Woolwich Arsenal St. 20 Abbey Wood St. 18 Erith St. Erith can boost of a pretty ivy- covered church, containing a few monuments and brasses, but much defaced. 35 river Cray. HARTFORD. cr. river Parent. 12 Grcenhithe St. Northfleet. O ^3 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Rotherhithe. Deptford, almost a sub¬ urb of London, has a royal dockyard, which embraces an area of 31 acres. The workhouse occupies the site of Sayes Court, the residence of the celebrated John Eve¬ lyn. Here Peter the Great studied shipbuild¬ ing. Pop. of Parish 40,242. To Greenwich, II mile. 4 5 7 8 81- Green wich, the birthplace of Queen Bess and her father, distant 5 m. from London Bridge by road, is chiefly re¬ markable for its magnificent hospital, originally designed for a royal palace, but appro¬ priated since 1094 to the pur¬ poses of an hospital for de¬ cayed seamen. Additions were made subsequent to this date by Sir Christopher Wren, A-c. There is also a Royal Park, enclosing 200 acres, on an eminence oi which stands the Observa¬ tory. The Park is grenth resorted to by the people of Loudon for the purpose ol recreation. The Ranger's house is occupied by the Earl of Aberdeen, w ho holds that office at present. Greenwich, Deptford, and Woolwich, form together tin- borough of Greenwich, which returns two members to Par¬ liament. Pop. 167,000. 11 Plumstead and Erith Marshes; beyond, the 13 Thames. 16 Dartford, a small town situated on the river Da- rent, is noted for its gun¬ powder and paper mills. The first paper mill in England was erected here. Pop. 5314. 19 Greenhithe. Ingress Abbey—The Hire. At Northfleet some snip- l building is carried on. Lima 8 LONDON TO WOOLWICH, GRAVESEND. &c., BY RAILWAY— Continued. 5 sj - « s ~ ON RIGHT FROM LOND. bn Gravesend has ereatly in¬ creased in size of .ate years. and become a favourite place of resort for the pleasure seekers of the metropolis. There are 3 excellent landing piers for the steamers and a 8 GRAVESEND. 23 variety of attractions tor visitors. Pop. 18,782. 1 M.l'. Milton Church. Between Gravesend and Rochester the Railway Chalk. passes through a tunnel, nearly along the line for- Cobham Hall, the noble merly occupied by the seat of the Earl of Darn- Thames and Medway Canal. ley, 3 miles. It contains a fine collection of pic- 3 Higham St. 28 tures. Cobham Woods possess peculiar charms tor those who delight in sylvan scenerv. Strood, at which the railway terminates, forms a suburb of Rochester, STROOD. 31 with which it is conuect ed bv a- handsome stone cr. river Medway bridge. Together with the adjacent parish of to town of ROCHESTER (p. 2). Frinsbury, it forms a part of the borough of Roches- CHATHAM (p. 2). ter, which returns 2 mem¬ bers to Parliament. ON LEFT FROM LOND. is extensively burnt in the neighbourhood. The chureW. is ancient, and contains sou»e interesting monuments. Rosherville gardens and pleasure grounds are well laid out, and with their adjuncts, form a great attraction to Cockney holidav-makers. 3^ miles distant is Cow¬ ling Castle, built in the reign of Richard II.,once a place of great strength: it is now chiefly in ruins, parts of which are very picturesque. 2 miles from Stroud is UpnorCastle.on the west bank of the M edway .built in the reign of Elizabeth for the defence of the river. It forms a large ordnance depot for gun powder. III. LONDON TO FOLKSTONE AND DOVER, BY RAILWAY, 88 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. II a ^ j ON LEFT FROM LOND. 67 From London Bridge, by Greenwich and Brighton railways, to ReigateJunc. St.(p.24). 21 Horne, 4 miles. Through Bletchingley Tunnel, 1080 yards. Crowhurst. Hever 3§ miles. Hever Castle, formerly the resi¬ dence of Anne Boievn, is one of the most interest¬ ing relics in the kingdom. Many of the rooms are in the same state as when visited by Henry VIII. Adjacent to Hever is Chiddingstone, a village rich in specimens of old English architecture. It belonged till lately to the Waldo family. 61 57 52 Godstone St. Enter Kent. Edinbridge St. Penshurst St. Penshurst, (Lord dc Lisle and Dudley), the ancient seat of the* Sydney family, who became possessed of the manor in the reign of Edward VI. Here Sir Philip Sydney was born in 1354. It is a fine old mansion, of quadrangular 27 32 37 Godstone, 2 miles. Tandridge Court, Earl of Cottenham. Westerham, 5 miles Population, 21G2. Seven Oaks, 6 miles; and near it, KnowlePark, Countess Amherst (p. 16). SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY. R EI CATE TO DOVER, CANTERBURY, DEAL. RAMSGATE & MARGATE.; I :iprey\TE kSHfOILD \Gatton yk'siirhutt h /£ \ utn.i.i i, Jun./frw V ManlJf jP* I SrA •'(S 1 ? Tirtge \ Ola ntitfn ‘irnef &undal. ; yyx~^^ Eleh/ini RoX&. Jt^U/ln^ iTTuimj g ,7 \,isn.'i.i Saiuhjdit • lrham FOLRESTOTSJ tin deft Ch iddmifxCgrr^y^ *«5® I AMctunn SrvrnOftfrS •• J'/n iutni>fsi:i WNlridA oug* e Thr»w tr>T df^- }' 'iQpfrrthi Batrh VWvft^SC^ OodinrrTham J mfa,rd \ - ;r,j Sfthnft { j „ lT75?vf« Rtvifthley 'onisHnj ttettiruj ■SdJ-trr faclanoTorif .. TANTBRBr anglry y .S'lnjilrhurjljr^ fhrtejutni '’jf^itTirhshi Add'h a n^ niton 1 7Zf|y/' ' Hvmlmii *[«« X; if ] \ -Thislrr /[ rtf ham hhillcndi. ' -TPt&fJ Slnti(o): Itr/stonT roAsh i/Stonrmqurhi Jj^odabaro .._/ /< " ^sjbrtholorfiny f 'T«*ut erdpn SluaxtlppjK /hn/ir\ ifohkro Qtterdrn \ xuul o \y n/t'a RAMSGATEl Asnrom) WiUAshtu xiun S’eWhqtoT* 1 MARGATE Renninaton Broadstairi !UDw \rhnin LONDON TO FOLKESTONE AND DOVER— Continued. s - c = o ON RIQI1T FROM LOND. £ 5 P-i o form, enclosing a spacious court. The state apart¬ ments are adorned with rare portraits and paintings by eminent masters. Pen- shurt was also the birth¬ place of the famous Alger¬ non Sydney. 47 Tunbridge Junction St. 41 Branch to Tunbridge Wells, 5 miles. of the railway is placed, covering 12 acres of ground, and consisting of offices, workhouses, andwarehouscs for the reception of goods. Tudeley. 42 Paddock Wood J unc- 46 Capel. tion St. Cranbrooke, 5$ miles. Frittenden, 3£ miles. Sissinghurst Castle, G 38 35 cr - river Teise. Harden St. Staplehurst St. 50 53 miles from the Staple- hurst Station, is an an¬ cient mansion now in ruins. It was used dur¬ ing one of the wars of cr. river Beult. the last century as a prison for French cap- 32 Ilcadcom St. 56 tives. Biddendcn, 4 miles. Tentcrden, 9 miles. 27 Pluckley St. 61 Smarden. Bethersden. Great Chart. Branch to Rye and 21 ASnFORD JUNCTION 67 Hastings. ST. (p. 13). Kingsworth. Aldington. Wcstenhangcr House, an ancient manorial resi- -ff>£3 cr. river Stour. dence of thetimeof Rich- 13 Westcnbanger and 75 ard I., Visct. Stranglord. Hvthe St. To nythe, 3 m. (p. 14). Sandling Park, W. 2 miles west of Hvthe is Lympne, the. Portus Lema- Deedes, Esq. some remains of an ancient Saltwood. castle. Cheriton. Saltwood Tunnel, Folkestone, 4 mile. 952 yards. 2 miles west of Folke- 6 Folkestone St. 82 stone is Sandgate (p. 14). Martello Tunnel, The engineering features G3G yards. ot the lihe between Folke- | Abbot’s ClitI T unnel, atone and Dover are well | yarua. 9 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Ightham, 7 miles. Branch to Maidstone, 10 miles (p. 14). Sutton Valence, 4 m. Chart Sutton, 5 m. East Sutton, Sir E. Fil mer, Bart. Bough ton Malherb. Charing, 54 miles. Po¬ pulation, 1241. Surrenden House, Sir E. C. Dcring, Bart. llothficld, Sir ltichard Tufton, Bart. Goddinton House, Rev. N. Toke. Branch to Canterbury, Ramsgate, &c. (seep.10). Willesborough. Sevington. Mer sham Hatch, Sir N J. Knatchbull, Bart. Smeeth: Sellinge. St ami ford. Monks Horton, If m. Postling. Beachbnrough, Rev. W. E. Brockman. Newington. Hawkinge. Capel le Feme. Hougham. 1^ m. irom Hougham, 1C LONDON TO FOLKESTONE AND DOVER. BY RAILWAY —Conti turd. r~ - ;)N RIGHT FROM lOND. E SB I III worthy of attention. The railway is alternately car¬ ried through tunnels, and upon artificial embank¬ ments formed on the face of the chalk cliffs, and washed at their base by the sea. In blasting the Round- down clitf for the occasion lin 1843)* upwards of 19 f 000 pounds of gunpowder were used, and within a few se¬ conds 400,000 cubic yards of chalk thrown down by the explosion to a depth of nearly 4QQ feet. Shakespere’s Cliff Tunnel. 1393 yards. DOVER ip. 6). £ = 1 c •§ ON LEFT FROM LOND. land 2£ from Dover, are the |ruinsof St Radigund’s Mo¬ nastery, founded at the close of the Hth century. 88 IV. LONDON TO CANTERBURY, RAMSGATE, AND MARGATE, BY RAILWAY, 101 Miles. £ ei £ S ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £ S |£ ON LEFT FROM LOND. From London Bridge to Ashford, as in preceding route. -3 Leave main line to Do¬ ver. 34 67 Kennmgton. Hinxhill, and beyond Along the valley of the Mersham Hatch, Sir N. J. river Stour, which the line East well Park, Earl ol Knatchbull, 15art. crosses 5 times between Winehilsea and Notting- Brook. Ashford and Canterbury. ham, miles. 29 Wye St, 72 God mersham Park, R. Crundell. Knight, Esq. Denge Wood. 25 Chilham St. 76 Cliifham Park and Castle, J. B.Wildman,Esq. Mystole House. To Feversham, 7 miles. Chartham. Fishpond Wood. Horton. Harbledown: — Hal! Milton. 81 Place. Thaaington. CANTERBURY 'p. 2|. Hales PL, Railway to Whitstable, 6 miles. Beverley Park. Fordwich. 17 Sturry St. 84 Herne Bay, 6 miles through the village of Herne. Stodmarsh. Grove Hill House. 13 Grove Ferry St. 88 Westbere. Hoath. Chislet Court. IS 5 ® cr. riv. Wantsum, Sarre Bridge. Reculver, 3$ miles. Branch to Sandwich and Deal, 9 miles. and enter I. of Thanet. 8 Minster St. 93 Birchington, 3 miles. Pegwell Bay. St Lawrence. 4 RAMSGATE (p. 4). 97 Broadstairs, 2 miles from Dandelion. Ramsgate, and 3 from Margate, through St Pe¬ ter’s ip. 4). N.Foreland Lighthouse. Kingsgate. MARGATE (p. 4). 101 To Reculver, 8 miles. I Herne Bay, 11 miles. { Y. LONDON TO DEAL. BY RAILWAY, 102 Miles. M ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £ *3 o % >- Ci Worth. Sholden Lodge. I From Deal to Dover, by coach, 8 miles, passing through W aimer and Kings won Id. From London Br. to Minster St. (p. 19). C C £ o £ 3 hJ ON' LEFT FROM LOND. j 93 cr. riv. Stour, and leave I. of Thanet. SANDWICH (p. 5). 93 About 1 mile before reaching Sandwich is Rich bo rough Castle, the ancientRutupice, a Roman station, and probably out of the earliest Roman works in the island. It is now a ruin, standing on aj mound, the base of which! is washed by the Stour. To Ttamsgate, by coach, 6 miles. DEAL (p. 5). 102 Sandown Castle, where Col. Hutchinson died a prisoner. Deal Castle. Walmer Casilo. VI. LONDON TO TUNBRIDGE WELLS, BY RAILWAY, 46 Miles. E^ C £ 3 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £ . U-h £ c U c J ON LEFT FROM LOND. Mabledon Park,J. Dea¬ con, Esq. Bidborough. Southborough Bounds. Nonsuch Green. 6 Tunbridge (p. 9). 41 Summerhiil. Great Lodge, Pembury. TUNBRIDGE WELLS. 46 Tunbridge Wells is a celebrated watering-place upon the borders of Kent and Sussex. The chalybeate spring, to which the town owes its origin, was first no¬ ticed in the reign of James I., by Dudley, Lord North. The town has much increased of late years, and contains all the usual requisites of a watering-place. It is celebrated for the salubrity of its air, and the neighbourhood is extremely picturesque and beautiful. Population 14,000, Excursions may be made to Penshurst, (Lord De Lisle and Dudley), 6 m. distant; Bridge Castle, 2 m. dis¬ tant ; Hever Castle, 7 m. distant; Bay ham Abbey (Marquis Camden), 6 m. distant, the ruins of which are extremely picturesque. There is a modem mansion in the Gothic style. Two miles beyond Tunbridge Wells is Eridga Castle, the seat of the Earl of Abergavenny. 12 Vll. LONDON.—MAIDSTONE.—HYTHE AND FOLKESTONE, 69J Miles. ON RIGHT TROM LOND. Lewisham, a very po¬ pulous village, extend in near a mile on road to Bromley,5 miles distant. Eltham Lodge. 68J G7£ GG} G6 m Kemnel. Frognal, Visct. Syd ney. At a little distance, Chiselhurst. Two miles distant. Lullingstone Castle, Sir P. Hart Dyke. Bart. To Seven-Oaks, 8 m. To Tunbridge, 8£. St. Clerc, W. J. Eve¬ lyn, Esq., and 3 miles from Wroth am at Igh- tliam. Oldbury Place, W. Elers, Esq. Ofl’ham. Bradbonrnc House,Sir W. Tvvysden, Bart. To Tunbridge, 13£ m. 60 OTi 55-f 53 .V G2} 40 4ol 434 35} Green-Man turnpike. fS?® cr. Surrey Canal. Turk’s Head or Half¬ way House, llatcham. Hewcross Square. SjQ cr. Croydon Canal. Newcross. Enter Kent. Lewisham. rJJ-g cr. river Ravens- bourn. Lee. Eltham. The church contains se¬ veral interesting monu¬ ments. Here are the ruins of an old palace, in the time of Henry VII. one of the most magnificent royal edifices in England. The great hall is now used as barn—the splendid roof of finely carved wood is in t good state of preservation This is still Crown property. Southend. Sidcup. Foot’s Cray, cr. river Cray. Birchwood Corner. Pedham Place. Farningham. cr - river Darent. The Cock. Wrotham. Wrotham Heath. Royal Oak. A short distance to right, West Mailing and East Mailing. Larkfield. Ditton. cr. river Medway MAIDSTONE. n 2} 31 I *ii ON LEFT FROM LOND. I Lee Lodge. I I.ee Manor House, F I Perkins, Esq. j Lee Grove, T. Brand- ram, Esq. | Well-Hall, R. Sutton, | Esq. Park Farm Place. To Hartford, 8} miles. 9 1H 12 J 1 North Cray. l oot's Cray Place. 14 16} 17* 20 } 24 Addington. 20} Leybourne - Grange, Sir J. H. Hawley, Bt. 30 Aylesford and Friar's 30 i Place, Earl of Aylesford Preston Ilall. 34} Maidstone, the county town of Kent, is situated on a pleasant declivity, chiefly on the right hank of the Medway. In the vicinity are very extensive hop plan¬ tations, and the town is surrounded by gardens and orchards. Maidstone has in extensive and flourishing trade in hops, grain, fruit, stone, &c. The paper- LONDON.—MAIDSTONE.—HYTHE AND FOLKESTONE. — Continued. 13 mill) employ upwards of 300 hands. The Archbishop’s I’alace is a Gothic structure, rebuilt about the middle of the fourteenth century. It has undergone considerable alterations since that period, but is still a pleasant and convenient residence. Among the other buildings worthy of notice are, the County Hall, County Gaol, Chapel of Newark Hospital, All Saints Church, and a very ancient stone bridge. The town contains a grammar school, a proprietary school, 4 charity schools, 19 alms-houses, and 9 Dissenting meeting-houses. The county gaol was erected in 1818, on the improved radiating plan, at an expense of £200,000. Maidstone has returned two members of Parliament since the reign rf Edward VI. It formerly contained a college, founded by Archbishop Cour¬ tenay in the reign of Richard II.; but it was suppressed by Edward VI. Po¬ pulation in 1871, 26,000. About 1J miles north-east of the town is Pennenden Heath, where the county meetings have been held from a period prior to the Conquest. Roads lead from Maidstone to Hythe, Folkestone, and Dover, Can¬ terbury, Rochester, Tenterdcn, and Romney, Tunbridge and Tunbridge Wells, and to Westerham. It is now connected with the metropolis by two railways. ON RIOF.r FROM LOND. Leeds Castle (C. W. Martin, Esq.) a fine old mansion, surrounded by a moat, situated in wild park. Leeds village has an air of remote an¬ tiquity; and farther to the right East Sutton Place, Sir E. Filnier, Bart., and Ulcombe Ho. Opposite Lenham, Chil- stone House, G. Dou¬ glas, Esq.; Calehill Pk., 11. Darell, Esq.; and fur¬ ther to the right, Surren- den-Dering, Sir E. C. Dering, Bart. Hothfield Place, Sir R. Tufton, Bart. Goddinton, Kev. N. Toke. Four miles distant, Great Ollantigh. §1 Route to Folkestone c O ON LEFT FROM LOND. 6 continued o 301 Park Gate Inn. 39.1 At a little distance 28} Harriets ham. 41* Hollingbourn. 25| Lenham. 44 The church is a large and handsome structure, and contains curious stalls and monuments. Otterden. 221 Charing on the left. 471 To Favcrsham lOf m. To Canterbury 13£ m. Pett Place. 191 Hothfield Common. 501 At a distance, Eastwell Park, Earl of Winchilsea and Nottingham. 161 Ashford, 53} To Favcrsham 141 m 1 At the confluence of two branches of the Stour. The church contains several monuments well worthy of notice. Pop. 5522. To Canterbury 14* m. 15i Willesboronch. 54* 131 Mersham Hatch. 5G Mersham TTntch, Sir N. J. Knatchbull, Bart. At a distance Eving- 91 Sellinge. 60 ton. Sir Courtenay Ho¬ llywood, Bart. New-Iim Green. Monks-Holtca. 14 LONDON.—MAIDSTONE.-HYTHE AND FOLKESTONE— Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Route to Folkestone continued. ON LEFT FROM LOND. To New Romney 9 miles. This borough is one of the Cinque Ports. It formerly sent two members to*Parliament, —the right of election being vested in the mayor, jurats, and com¬ monalty ; but it is now disfranchised. Pop. of parish, 10(5-. Sand gate is a village of considerable repute as a watering-place. It has a castle, originally built by Henry VIII., now employed as a mar- tello tower. 6 if HYTHE, One of the Cinque Ports, formerly a maritime town of great importance. It is a thoroughfare for per¬ sons going to or coming from France; the channel here being only 27 miles across to Calais, and the voyage being often made in one tide if the wind is fair. Returns 1 M.P. Pop. i of town, 3001, and Pari, j borough, 21,367. ; Seabrook Bridge. Sandgate. Three miles distant, Sibton, J. Uneack, Esq. Hythe, near the church is the villa of Professor Coleman, and beyond, Beachborough, Kev. W. D. Brockman. 633 68 Marine Villa, Earl of Darnley. F07.KEST0NE. 69f Folkestone was at an early period a place of note, but it is only recently that it has risen into importance. It has greatly increased since the directors of the South-Eastern Railway have made it a principal station for communi¬ cation with France. Swift steam-packets pass daily, and often twice a day between Folkestone and Boulogne (a direct distance of 29 miles), the voyage being accomplished in two hours. The harbour has been greatly extended and improved, and numerous modern buildings erected for the accommodation of visitors, by whom it is resorted to during the summer months. The surround¬ ing country is very beautiful. Dr. William Harvey, the discoverer of the cir¬ culation of the blood, was a native, and left a sum of money, with which a school has been endowed. Customs dues collected in 1857, £135,381. Pop. 12,700. YIII. LONDON TO MAIDSTONE, BY RAILWAY, 43 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. S ™ 9 ej C /— c ON LEFT FROM LOND. From London Br. to 12 Stroud St. 31 Cobliara Hall, Earl of (p. 7 and 8). Rochester. DarnJey. 10 Cuxton St. 33 c Snodland St. 37 4 Aylesford St. 39 Leybourne Grange, Sir MAIDSTONE (p. 12). 43 The Mote, Earl of J. H. Hawley, Bart. Romney. iX.—LONDON, SEVENO-riKS) 1 L'NIJIIIDGE, RYE AI)D WINOHELSEA, 1 “j m JUiles. S'S c ON RIGHT FROM LOND. o c c £ £.3 From London to Well. Lewisham Bridge, see page 12. GO Lewisham Bridge. 5 Brockley. Catsford Bridge. .50 Rushy Green. 6 Sydenham. 574 South End. 71 Beckenham Place, J. Ca- tor, Esq, Warren Ho. 5G Clay Hill, BROMLEY. 9 Eden Farm, Lord \uck- land (Bishop of Bath and Wells.) I ON LEFT FROM LOND. Lee. Horn Park. To Greenwich, ~i miles. Burnt Ash Grove. Plaistow TTall. Cainden PI. Marq. Cam¬ den. Bromley House. Chiselhurst. Leesons, Lord Wynford 5 miles. Bromley derives its name from the quantity of broom with which it was for¬ merly surrounded. It is pleasantly situated on the Ravensboum, and possesses a spring whose waters afford great relief in a variety of infirmities, from the cha¬ lybeate with which they are impregnated. The church contains a monument to the memory of Dr Hawkesworth, (the author of the Adventurer,) and the tomb of the wife of Dr Johnson. Bishop Warner, in 1G6G, here founded a col¬ lege for 20 clergymen’s widows. Population, 65n5. J ON RIGHT FROM LONI). >- , y; > Route continued. ON LEFT FROM LONI). 5-H Mason’s Hill. 104 Langley Pa., E. Good- hart, Esq. Leaves Green. Southborough. Magpie Hall. Hayes and Hayes PI. Oakely Farm. Bromley Common. Ilolwood Ho.,(J. Ward, 52 Lock’s Bottom. 13 Esq.)once the seat ot Mr. Pitt. 51 Farnborough. 14 Farnborough Hall. High Elms, Sir J. W. Lubbock, Bart. 49| Green Street Green. 151 Chelsfield. New House. 48J Spratt’s Bottom. 16| Halstead and Hal&terul Place. Ilichmore liilL 174 Knock bolt, AshgTove Cottage. Chevening and Cheve- 45 Morant’s Court Hill, 20 Dunton Green. wing Pa. kail Star hope. the summit of which coin- The third Earl posseM^H! a mandj a line prospect. 16 LONDON.—SEVENOAKS.—TUNBRIDGE AND WINCHELSEA Conttnis*4. gieat mechanical genius, and greatly improved the printing-press. Combe bank. Chipsted PL Montreal PI. Earl Am¬ herst. This seat received its name from the 1st Lord Amherst, in memory of his success in the reduction of Montreal, in Canada. To Westerham, 4-i m. Keppington. Col.T. A us ten. Ash Grove. 43 41 River Head. Belle Vue. Panthurst. Foxbush. Meopham Bank. Leigh Pa. Hail PI. F.T.Bailey,Esq Pensliurst Pa., Lord de Lisle and Dudley. At a short distance is the fa¬ mous oak, planted at the birth of Sir P. Sidney, and now 22 feet in circumfer¬ ence. The park is adorned by a noble sheet of water, called Lancup Well. See p. 8. Wood's Ca^t.e. 40 $ 371 SEVENOAKS is a pleasant town, and de rives its name from seven oak-trees which formerly occupied the height on which it is built. The church is an elegant build¬ ing, and, from its command¬ ing situation, is a conspicu¬ ous object. The town has a Grammar-School, and a large range of alms-houses, instituted by Sir William de Sevenokc, a foundling, brought up by some chari¬ table persons in the town from which he received his name. Population of pa rish, 4G95. 24 River HilL Watt's Cross. Flying Horse. 35 30 f 284 27 243 271 Bradboume IIouso. Wilderness Park, Mar¬ quis Camden. Knowle Park (Earl Am herst),formerly the seat of the Sackvilles, Dukes of Dorset, whose title is now extinct. This magnificent mansion covers upwards of five acres of ground and furnishes specimens of the architecture of a variety of ages,—the most ancient being as old as the Mareschels and Bigods, the most modern being the erection of Thomas, first Earl of Dorset, in the reign of James I. It has an invaluable collection of pictures and antique busts 'l he park contains herds of fine deer, a variety of ex¬ cellent timber, and covers an extent of five or six miles in circumference. Rumsted. Horn’s Lodge. I TUNBRIDGE, on the Medway, Is celebrated for its manu factures of turnery ware. It lias a free grammar- school, founded and en- d wed by Sir A. Juddc. a native ot the place. Pop. of town. 5919. or. River Medway To Tunbridge Wells, 51 miles. Wood’s Gate. Kip ping's Cross. Lindridge. 30 341 364 38 To Maidstone, 1.13 miles. Postein Pa. J. E. West, Esq. Summer Hill, the resi¬ dence of Cromwell's Gene¬ ral Lambert alter the civil wars. Two and a-quarter miles distant is Tunbridge Wells. LONDON.-SEVENOAKS.—TUNBRIDGE ANl) WINCHELSEA — Continued. J7 ||J ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Sc £ c u. o ON LEFT FROM LOND | -*■ Enter Sussez. Lamberhurst. - Two miles distant, Bay- ham Abbey (Marquis Cam- 25 |40 Court Lodge. den), founded about the 22 -"$0 cr. River Teise. Scotncy Castle, an wi-i year 1200, beyond which, Stone Crouch, (Kent). 43 cicnt seat situated in a deep at Frant, is Shernfold, vale on the banks of the and Eridq-e Castle, Earl oi Bculth. Abergavenny. To Battle, 12 miles. 20] Flint well. Bedgebury Park. 44 f Elfords. Lillesden. 174 Highgate. 474 Oak field Lodge. To Battle, 11 miles. To Cranbrook, five m. 111 Hawkhurst. Sandhurst. 50! To Tenterdcn, five m. Here a road leads to Four Oaks, through \V hitebread Lane, saving 1J mile. cr. River Rother, °-4 Two miles distant, Mer- ringlon Place. At a distance are the ru- and enter Sussex. ins of Bodyham Castle, a magnificent building, sup- 10] Nirthiam. •Mi posed to have been built by Beckley. 551 one of the Dalyngriges, a Ifamily of great consequence [in Sussex in the fourteenth 7| Four Oaks. 57] 59 G Peasemarsh. and fifteenth centuries. 2 RVE (p. 29.) G3 Mountsficld, at the en¬ trance of Rye. WINCHELSEA. G5 Winchelsca Castle. X. LONDON TO HASTINGS, 635 Miles. - -7. c c l! ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £ 3 £ c o I ^ 1 ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Tunbridge Wells, 13 19 London Bridge to Flim- 441 To Rye, 18± miles. miles. well (Kent.) as above To Lewes, 24 miles. 1G Hurst Green (Sussex.) 4'1 Iridpc PI. Ladv Mickiv- cr. river Rother. tliwayt, Bart. Robert’s Bridge. Court 1.0. ; and, farther 11 Vine IlalL 521 to the right, Darvell Bank. At a distance, Ashburn- ham House, Earl of Ash- burnham. ] ON LEFT FROM LOND. Framfield, A. Donovan, Esq. Here a road leads of! to East Bourne, distant 19£ miles. Plasket Park, Viscount Gage. Glynde,3m Lord Dacre and Glyndboume. Firle Place, Visct. Gage. XIV. LONDON TO BRIGHTON THROUGH CROYDON AND CUCKFIELD, 51$ Miles. sp C ON RIGHT FROM LOND. ON LEFT FROM LOND. a. £ London to Merstliam. U- ^ 34] \7 3 At the 19th milestone, to Brighton, through Reigatc. 1 1 4 Near on Red-Hill Com- 2 7.j Horley. 24 To Brighton through mon Leith Hill Tower, a conspicuous object in this neighbourhood. Hickstcad, 24 miles. j Enter Sussex. Richman’s Green. 24 Worth-Bridge. Northfolk Arms. 27] 21 ] Balcombe. 29] 20 ] Whiteman’s Green. 5] * lb A 32| 15 CUCKFIELD, Pop. cf 36.] 14] parish, 1851,31»6. 37 si Friar’s Oak Inn. 423 Danny, W. J. Campion, Esq. Woolsonbury Beacon. Clayton. 44] 5f Piecombe. 45 A O Patcham. 48] 24 Withdean. 49 Brighton 51] XV. LONDON TO BRIGHTON THROUGH CROYDON, REIGATE. CRAWLEY, AND HICKSTEAD, Miles 1 C ~3 -1 1 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Z ?£ £.5 | ON LEFT FROM I.ONTK Westminster Bridge to 43 34 A CROYDON. 9} 17* T'p. Gatton House, W Currie, Esq. Merstham. Gatton Park, Lord Monson. 31 REIGATE. 24 Gatton is remarkable as The church contains se* having possessed the privi- veral costly monuments. A lege of sending 2 M. P s. castle formerly stood here. while it had seven electors. but no part of the building jiow remains. The Priory (Earl Somers) stands on the site of a convent of Au- L r ustmes. (See ai>o p. 24.) Chari wood House, J. Pop. lfi.oon. * At the County Oak, Fraser, Esq. enter Sussex. To Horsham, 7 miles. CRAWLEY. 291 Tilgate Lodge. cr. a branch of 09 1 river Adur. 14 9 A HICKSTEAD. 4 n« 42S Albourne Place. Albourne Green. Hurstpierpoint. fij Piecombe. 4 6 A i Patcham. 49 1 Stanmer Paik, Earl cf °4 Chichester. 1 RRIGHTON. V2] : l XVI. LONDON TO BRIGHTON THROUGH SUTTON, REIGATE, AND CUCKF1ELD 523 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. si B BP From Lond. At a distance Mordon Park. 494 461 45 Clapham Common. Tooting. Mitcham, cr. river Wandle, Once celebrated for the excellence of its trout. 3(1 6 4 44 SUTTON. Ilf Nork IIo. E. of Egmont. Tad worth Court. 39f Banstead Downs. Obelisk. 13 ! 34 a 33f Walton Heath. Gatton Inn. 18 19 Gatton, a famous nomi¬ nation borough, now dis- ! ranch ised. 31J REIGATE. Thence to Brighton by Crawley and Cu_k- field 21 L ON LEFT FROM LOND. Carshalton House. Carshalton Park. Carshalton church con- ains a handsome monu¬ ment to the Gaynesford "amily. The Oaks (formerly a seat of the Earls of Derby), a noble mansion, co manding fine views. Upper Gat ton House, W. Currie, Esq. Gallon l'a. a noble man- ion, the approach to which ;th< ught 10 quai anything of the kind in the kingdom, | LONDON & BRIGHTON & SOUTH-COAST RAILWAYS. (LONDON TO BRIGHTON. PORTSMOUTH & HAST1NCS.) .HASTINCS ufiiZeonards lirvnrt fpchill ' iiCs-field- ^.lyhbulrih,/n, ■ /1 US'! ' rmne _ - jj r^xlddinyi )firsts, id tfi/i ffmr fLnitfierhrarf \ll«/ulley k) /'* UidcUthii/TL _ Z, '' -U~■•>. * Tofejl -Jj, Bactfou 11 Cl£(Wfin&[_ . II rsTtyirriej "\si>orl XVII. LONDON TO BKlUHTON, BY RAILWAY, SI Miles. 23 ■ON RIGHT FROM LOND. At New Cross is the Royal Naval School, founded in 1843- C to _IFrom London Bridge by Greenwich Rail¬ way for If ru. TpS cr. Surrey Canal. 48 New Cross St. 3 One and a half m. dis¬ tant is Dulwich, noted for its college and picture-gal¬ lery. The college was founded in 11131). bv Ed¬ ward Alleyn, a player, for the education and main¬ tenance of poor scholars. The picture-gallery, be¬ queathed to the College by Sir Francis Bourgeois, R.A., and rich in speci¬ mens of the Dutch school, is open to the public. 454 North Surrey Indus¬ trial Schools. Beulah Spa, 1 mile, and beyond it Streutham, where Dr. Johnson was wont to spend much of his time with the Thrale Family. Ci ovdon and Epsom railway branches off. Huyliiig Park. Forest Hill St. Sydenham. The rosting-place of the Crystal Palace. Anerley. Norwood. From Upper Norwood, most, extensive views of London asd the surrounding country ma; be obtained. Sydenham, Anerley, and Norwood, arestations used only by the Croydon and hpsom trains. Croydon (East) St. The town of Croydon is to the right of the railway. fSee p. 33). 54 104 Smitham Bottom, a broad open valley, through 37 1 which the coach road passes; beyond are Ban stead Downs. Godstone Rnad St. To Godstone 8 miles,I on left. 134 Two miles distant, The Oaks, formerly a seat oi l 353 the Earls of Derby. Woodmansternc. Gatton Ho, Lord Mon- son, a magnificent struc¬ ture, surrounded by an extensive park. The adjacent village of Gatton, long notorious as a rotten borough, wa* 32 Stoat's Nest St. Merstham Tunnel, 1820 yards. Merstham St., used only by the South- Eastern trains. 14| 19 ON LEFT FROM LONG. 1 Deptford. Greenwich (see p. 7). To Lee and Eltham. The scenery in the neigh¬ bourhood of this portion of the line presents many attractions; the country is richly cultivated, and the church spires rising in the (1 istance form pleasing fea- tuies in the landscape. Beckenham. Eden Farm, Lord Auck¬ land (Bishop of Sudor and Man). Addiscombe College, for the education of cadets for the E. I. Co.’s service. Addington Park, 3£ m., Archbp. of Canterbury. Purley House, once the residence of John Horne Tooke, and whence the title of his work, “ The Diversions of Purley,” was derived. Sanderstead Court. Coulsdon. Cbaldon. Marden Park, Sir W. R. Clayton, Bart. Merstham House, Sir W. G. H. Jolhtie, Bart. 24 LO.VDO.V TO BRIGHT )N—Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From Blight From London. ON LEFT FROM LON I). disfranchised in 18C2 by the Reform Act, a sho.t time previous to which it had oeen purchased by the 5th Ld. Monson for L. 100,000. Railway to Reading, through Dorking and Guildford, (p. 185). Reigate, situated on the M ole, and buiJ t upon a rock ol white sand ,mueh valued for the manufacture of fine articles of glass. An object of much curiosity here is the Baron’s Cave. (See p. 22 .) 30 Redhil! Junction St. Earl's Wood embank¬ ment, over Earl’s wood Common. 21 Leave South - Eastern line, to Dover, (p. 8). Nutfield. Many years ago a vast number of Roman coins were dis- / covered here. llolmesdale Lodge. cr. 2 branches of the river Mole. 25 Horley St. 26 Chari woo.l. Cross county boundary and enter Sussex. Burstow. Crawley, li mile. 15^0 cr. river Mole. Branch to Horsham, 8 m. (See p. 3Ui. 21 Three Bridges St. Pass through Tilgate Forest, part of The Weald. cr. branch of R. Mole. Balcombe Tunnel, 1120 yards. 30 Worth, 1J m. distant, has an ancient Saxon church. East Grinstead, 7 ni , a market-town. Pop. of parish, 1861, 4266. It formerly returned two M.P.'s, but is now dis¬ franchised. (See p. 20.) Slaugham Place. 17 Balcombe St. About 1^ mile from the sta¬ tion is the Ouse Viaduct, one of the most stupendous works of the kind in the kingdom. It consists of thirty-seven arches, of 30 feet span each. The height from the water to the surface of the road is 100 feet; height of the abutments, feet; tin- length of she whole upwards of a quarter of a mile. 34 Balcombe House. 2,J m. distant, Wakehurst Pi., J.J.W. Peyton,Esq. Anlingley. Linafieiu. Cuckfield, 2 miles, is a small but pleasant mar¬ ket-town, with a fine and spacious church. Bop. oi 13 Hayward's Heath St. 30 Branch to Lewes aim Hastings, (p. 25). i W'vebfieltL ^ par. 3o3tf. LONDON TO BRIGHTON— Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Cuckfield Place. Clayton Priory. Hurstpierpoint, 2 m. Albourne Place, 3 m. Danny Ho., W. J. Cam¬ pion, Esq. Newtimber. Withdean. Branch to Chichester and Portsmouth, (p. "][)). Burgess Hill St. I Hassock's Gate St. Clayton Tunnel, 2240 yards long, passes through the range of the S. Down hills. Patcham Tunnel, 480 yards. Descent to BRIGHTON. 44 51 Keymer; Ditchling. To Lewes, by road, y m Cl ayten. Fangdean. Patcnam. Stanmer Park, 2 miles, Earl of Chichester. Preston. Branch to Lewes anti Hastings, 3-i miles. XVIII. LONDON TO LEWES AND HASTINGS (ST LEONARD’S,, BY RAILWAY, 74 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From St Leon. Leave line to Brighton. 38 | Ditchling. — Ditchling i Beacon, one of the highest 30 points of the S. Downs, is B58 feet above the sea. Westmeston. Plump ton. Combe Place, Rev. Sir G. Shiffner, Bart.—Ham- sey Place. 254 i Branch to Newhaven, m. Newhaven Is situated at the 1 mouth of the Ouse, and forms the port of Lewes. Its harbour| has recently been improved, ^C) 1 and ia the point of embarkation - - o for Dieppe, the steamers which ply daily, making the n&ssage in i or 6 hours. Fop. 1886. Beddingham . Firle Place, Viset. Gage. Firle Hill, 820 feet high. Selin eston. Berwick Court 18 From London Br. to 24). Cook’s Bridge St. The range of the South Down Hills lies to the LEWES. ton (see p. 85). Shrift cr. river Ouse. The line here runs be¬ tween the S. Down range. Glynde St. ■ £ ON LEFT FROM LOND. Line of S. Down Hills| to the right. i Berwick St. I 38 44 484 51J 56 Wivelsfield. Chailcy, 2| m. Chiltington. Wellingham, 2$ m. Cliff: the highest point of Cliff' Hill, round which the railway winds, called Mount Cabum; it commands an extensive view. Glynde Place, Lord Baer' , Glymlbourne. 26 LONDON TO liEWES AND HASTINGS— Continued. OW RIGHT FROM LOND. Willingdon. Branch to Eastbourne, 3 miles (p. 19). £ $5®' a. •£ i 14 I The coast is here lined by the martello towers, ilt at thp period of the threatened French inva¬ sion, and which extend at intervals along great part of the Kentish and Sussex coasts. St Leonard's consists svholly of modern struc¬ tures, erected within the last few years for the ac- ommodation of visitors, and is at present one of the; most fashionable and fre¬ quented watering-places on the English coast. The esplanade is one of the fin- est’in Europe. cr. riv.Cuckmcre. Polcgate St. 60 The railway now leaves the South Downs, which stretch southward to Beachy Head, and runs through a level tract, with the sea on the right hand. 101 West Ilam and Pe- vensey St. Pevensey is a very an¬ cient place. It was proba¬ bly the Anderida of the Romans, and the Andre- desceaster of Saxon times. Bexhill St. Bulverhithe. Bo poop. ST. LEONARD'S. HASTINGS. 634 Arlington. Branch to Hailsham, 34 i. Hailsham is a small market-town, .59 m. from London by road. Pop of Pariflh, 2098. On the east of Pevensey are the ruins of Pevensey Castle 34 XXIII. LONDON TO CHICHESTER THROUGH GUILDFORD AND MID- HURST, 62 Miles, THENCE TO BOGNOR, 7i Miles. Uj* o 02 Richmond Tark, the -g most charming of tlie Royal Parks in the neigh¬ bourhood of London, and a favourite resort of the 50 citizens (Sec p. 88 ). Bushy Park (See p. 88 ). Hampton Court (See p. 60). Ember Court, Sir C. 48J Sullivan, Bart. 45 Esher Place. Burhill, Burwood no., Sir R. Frederick, Fart. Byfleet. Send Grove. Sutton Place, J. J. W. Weston, Esq. Stoke Place. Woodbridge, R. D. Mangles, Esq, M.P. Guildford gives the title of Earl to the North family. To Farnham, m. To Odiham, 19^ m. To Basingstoke, 26 m. 42 * 38* 32* Losely Place, Sir C. E. Scott, Bart. Northbrooke Place. From the Surrey side ol' London Bridge to Wandsworth. KINGSTON, on the Thames, over which Is a handsome bridge of five arches. On the north side of the chnrch is a stone, used,according to tradit ion, at the coronation of our ISaxon Kings. Railway sta¬ tion. Pop. 15,000. Thames Ditton. ESHER. Esher Place was the seat of Cardinal IVolsey. Cobham Street. Jjy-vJ cr. river Mole. Kipley. GUILDFORD, the county town of Surrey, outheWey. Theprincipa buildings are the grammar school, erected in the reign of Edward VI.; three parish churches — one of which contains monuments in memory of Arch. Abbot and Mr. Speaker Onslow; Abbot’s Hospital; several meeting-houses and chari¬ table institutions; a new gaol, a theatre, the ruins of an ancient fortress, &c. The town carries on a con¬ siderable trade in corn and timber. In the neighbour¬ hood are powder and paper mills. One M.P. Popula¬ tion 9000. cr. river Wey. 6 12 13 * 16 19* 23| 29* Westbrooke Place. At a distance, Pepper Harrow (Viscount Mid- leton), situated in a beautiful park, contains some good pictures. 28J GOT) ARMING, on the Wey, which is navi¬ gable from hence to the Thames. The chief trade is in timber, and in preparing silk and worsted for stock¬ ings and gloves. In tlio vicinity are several papet end corn mills. Pop. 2321 33 £ ON LEFT FBOil LOND. Wimbledon Park, for¬ merly Earl Spencer’s, now subdivided for villas. Norbiton Place. Combe House. Combe Wood, II. R. II the Duke of Cambridge. Claremont (King of the Belgians), where the Princess Charlotte died, and more recently the residence of Louis Philippe and his family. Paiushill Park. Pointers. Hatchfold. Ockham Park, Earl of Lovelace, a descendant of the sister of John Locke, and the husband of Lord Byron's only child, now dead. Clandon Park, Earl of Onslow. About 2 miles east of the town is the Merrows race-course. To Dorking, 11 \ m. To Horsham, 19 w. To Reigate, 18 m. Catherine TTill, on tne summit of which are the ruins of a chapel of un¬ known origin, but rebuilt in the time of Edward I. Shalford House. Gosden House, J. Sparkcs, Esq., and at a distance Wonersli, Lord Grantley. LONDON TO CHICHESTER THROUGH GUILDFORD, &c—Continued. 35 ON EIGHT FROM LOND. £ X O O £ o O ^ J-t - ON LEFT FROM LOND. Easking House. Lea House. Cosford House. 27 20 Iping House, Sir C. J. J. Hamilton, Bart. Woolbeding House. Two miles distant, Chilgrove House. West Lavant House. Stoke House. Oakwood, J. Baling, Esq. 17 m i-4 4 6 4 Milford. HASLEMERE lias a cliapel containing some painted glass. It re¬ turned two M.P.’s till dis¬ franchised by the Reform Act. Pop. of par. 1851, 955. Enter Sussex. Fernhurst. ITenley Green. MIDHURST (See p. 76). Singleton. West Dean. Binderton. Mid-Lavant. CHICHESTER (p. 75). 35 Busbridge. 42 To Petworth, 9) mdes. 45 4GJ 491 55 ^ 5G 58 60 62 Cowdray Park, Earl of Egmout. Here a road leads to Chichester over Rook’s Hill, and through East. Lavant, 6 miles. Cannon House, Rev. L.V. Ilarcourt. Molecomhe. Goodwood, Duke ol Richmond. XXIV. LONDON TO CHICHESTER THROUGH GUILDFORD AND PETWORTH, 63J Miles. ES £ c ON RIGHT FROM LOND" £r ON LEFT FROM LOND. o »-l 634 From London Bridge 284 to Milford, Surrey. 35 264 Witley. 37 23$ Chiddingfold. 40 Over Cripple Crouch Hill, and enter Sussex. To Haslemere, 3-J m. 204 Fisher’s Street. 43 Shillinglee Park, Earl 19$ North Chapel. 44 of Winterton. Pitskill, W.T.Mitford, Esq. Petworth nouse.Genl. 14$ PETWORTH. Pop. 1851, 49 To Arundel, 114 miles Wyndliam. 2427. To Midhurst, 0J m. Lavington House, Bishop of Oxford. cr. river Bother. 10 i Duncton. 531 Burton Pa. (A. W Biddulph, Esq.), a noble mansion, erected by Halimker Pa. Duke of Richmond. Here are pre¬ served two curfews, sup¬ posed to be as old as the t ime of William I. Goodwood, Duke of Richmond. (See p. 76). Upper Waltham. Halnaker. The church contains a rich monument of the De La Warr family. 55$ 60 63$ Leoni, an Italian archi¬ tect of great repute. Eartham (Mrs. E. Iluskisson), built by Hayley the poet. Hen* Cowper the poet visited him. It was at onetime the residence of the late Mr. Iluskisson, M.P. CHICHESTER (p. 75). 36 XXV. LONDON TO PORTSMOUTH, THROUGH ESHER, GODALMING, AND PETERSFIELD, 72j Miles * ON RIGHT FROM LOND. To the right of this place is a deep dell, called the Devil’s Punch BowL To Alton, 13 miles. To Selborne, rendered famous by White’s char¬ ming history, 10 miles. Catherington House. Southwick Pa. (T. Thistlethwayte, Esq.) an elegant mansion,erected on the site of an old manor-house, built here in the time of James I., and in which two mo* liarchs were entertain¬ ed, Charles I.and George I. The former was here at the time of Bucking¬ ham’s assassination. Within the park stood the ancient priory of Black Canons, where Henry VI. and Margaret of Anjou were married. Porchester Castle, on the Southwick estate, was used as a French prison during the war. It is now a fine ruin. In the interior is an old Saxon church, well pre¬ served. The grounds are unfortunately, dur¬ ing the summer months, degraded into tea-gar¬ dens. S 7 72 37i 36f 31f 28 J 2Gb 23' 191 m 15} lOf 4J From London Bridge to Milford, Surrey, (p. 35.) Mousehill. Hind Head Hill. Seven Thorns, Hants. Liphook. Rake, Sussex. Sheet Bridge, Hunts. PETERSFIELD, a small neat town, of consi¬ derable antiquity,is princi¬ pally supported "by its road trade. Near the chapel is an equestrian statue of William III. One M.P. Population, 5655. Butser Hill, 917feethigh. Thesummit commands a most exten¬ sive view. Horndean. To Havant, 4^ m. Thence to Hayling, 5 miles, a small island 5 or 6 miles east of Portsmouth. Its attractions as a watering- place are increasing. Over the Forest of Bere, comprehending about 10,000 acres, of which one. third is enclosed. The quantity of timber is trifling compared with what it once yielded. Some deer are kept. Purbrook. Portsdown Hill, 447 feet high, and runs east and west nearly seven miles. On the summit is a monument to the memory of Lord Nelson. It commands one of the most ex. tensive and beautiful prospects in the south of England, includ¬ ing Chichester Cathedral, Ports¬ mouth, Isle of Wight, South¬ ampton Water, «fcc. A grand annual fair is held in July on the summit. Cosham. E 2 c x £ o ON LEFT FROM LOND. 35 35J 40$ 43$ 46 49A 63' 541 To Petworth, 14 m. Haslemere, 6) m. 2 m. distant, Holly- combe. To Haslemere, 12 m Miekhurst, 9 miles. Rotate Lodge, Col. C. Wyndham. Heath House, Sir W. G. H Joliiiie, Bart. 57 Ditcham, Earl of Li¬ merick. Up Park. 61$ Idsworth Park, Sir J. C. C. Jervoise, Bart. Blendworth Lodge, Sir W. W. Knighton, Bt. Horndean Ho., and at a distance, Stanstead. 65$ 67 Purbrook House. 67? Portsea Bridge. Enter Portsea Island. Hillsea. PORTSMOUTH, (p. 72). 68 $ 72b By the new road lately cut through hilly parts, the distance is reduced to 69 miles. jiXW. LONDON TO GOSPORT, THROUGH ALTON AND FAR EH AM, 78i Miles. 37 - d ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 1 From | Gospor e c C -3 £ § 78 i From Ilvde Pa. Comer 22 to Filmer Hill, Hants, (p. 39.) 56| Brook wood Park. 19.1 West Meon. 59 18 Warnford. 604 m Exton. 62 Coihampton House. 16 Corliam pton. 624 Hi Droxford. 64 Swanmore House. Hill Pound Tnn. Forw. over Waltham Chase. 66.} Park Place. Uplands, J. Beardmore, 9 Wickham, remarkable as the birth¬ place of William ofWyke- liam, the architect of Wind¬ sor Castle, and founder of the college at Winchester and New College, Oxford. 691 Blackbrook, G. T. M. Purvis, Esq. 5.1 FARED AM. at the head of Portsmouth harbour, carries on a consi¬ derable trade in corn and coals. During summer it is much frcquente l for sea¬ bathing Top. 4011. 73 1 Forton. GOSPORT, (p.?J.) 77.1 784 ON LEFT FROM LOND. j IT all Place. Westbury Home, Vis¬ count Gage. Belmont. In the grounds are the remains ot an an¬ cient mansion, said to have been in a decayed state before 1610. About 2 m. from Exton is a Roman camp. Midlington Place. Hill Place. Wickham church is an ancient building, contain ingseveral interesting tombs and monuments. Roche Court, a mansion nearly 700 years old. Cams nouse, II. P. Dclme, Esq., prettily situ¬ ated at the head of Ports¬ mouth Harbour. Fleetland House. Brockhurst XXY r II. LONDON TO SOUTHAMPTON, THROUGH FARNH AM, ALTON, ALRESFORD, AND WINCIIESTER, 77 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. I ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Basingstoke, 173 m. llawley House. Sandhurst Military Col¬ lege. 77 51 46| Clare House From Hyde Park Cor¬ ner to Bagshot, Surrey , p. 41.2 d F rimley. 30 J -£$0 cr. river Black- water, and enter Hamp- sliire. Famborough, (Railway 32 station.) FARNHAM, {Surrey,) 33 on the Wey, is famous for ' “ its hops and its large wheat market. The church has a beautiful altar-piece, and lianusomemomunents. The castle, the residence of the To Guildford, 10 m. 2i m. distant is Moor Park, formerly the resi¬ dence of Sir William Tem¬ ple. Here is a cave ; n ;< rock through which flows a stream of pure water. Tl* 38 LONDON TO SOUTHAMPTON THROUGH FARNHAM. &c .—Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Willey Place, J. Ward, Esq. Northbrook House. Bishops of Winchester, contains a good library, and a valuable collection of paintings. Wm. Cobbett was a native of this place. Population 3926. 34J Bentley Green, Hants. 42J Froyle Place, Rev. Sir T. C. Miller, Bart. Froyle. To 0diham 9 m., to Basiugstoke, 10$ ui. To Winchester station, 7i New Place, J. Rawlin- son. Esq. Upton House. Old Alresford House, I/Ord Rodney. Ovington. Avington (J. Shelley. Esq.) contains some valu¬ able paintings. The park is 3 m. in circumference To Basingstoke, 17^ ra. —Whitchurch, 13—An¬ dover, 13—Stockbridge, 9—Romsey, 11. Cranbury Park, Thos Uhamberlayne, Esq Chilworth House. Portswood House. 30* 29} 281 221 21 19} IS} 12 11 9} 7} 3 Holybourne. ALTON on the Wey. Tlie inhabitants are princi¬ pally employed in the culti¬ vation of hops, and in the manufacture of stuffs. Population 32S6. Cliawton. Ropley Dean. Here the valley of the Itehin commences. Bishop’s Sutton. ALRESFORD, a neat little market-town on the Itehin, has a small manufacture of linsevs. It formerly sent a representa¬ tive to Parliament. Inl833, a large quantity of English silver coins of "the reign of William I. were found in a field a short distance from this torni. About 7000 of these coins are now in the British Museum. Pop. of parish of New Alresford 1546. Seward’s Bridge. WINCHESTER, (p. 52). St. Cross. Compton. Otterboume. Chandler’s Ford Bridge. Junction of the Boad. 46} 47} 48} 541 5G 57} 58} 65 66 67} 69} 71 } 74 ON LEFT FROM LOND. spot is said to have been a favourite place of retire¬ ment with Swift when Secretary to Sir W. Temple. Fir Grove. Waverley Abbey, late Lord Sydenham. Pierrepout Lodge. Mareland House. Great Lodge. Arthur Young called the vale between Farn- ham and Alton the finest 10 miles in England. To Selbome, 4 m. Cliawton nouse, E. Knight, Esq. Tichborue nouse, Sir Edward Doughty, Bart. To Bishop’s Waltham, 10| m. To Gosport. 22£ m. Hursley Park (Sir W. Heathcote, Bart.), very picturesque, and contain¬ ing remains of one ol Cromwell’s field fortifica¬ tions. North Stoneham Park, ij. W. Fleming, Esq | South Stoneham Park. lyONDON TO SOUTHAMPTON. THROUGH FARNHAM, &e —Continued. 39 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From South. From London. ON LEFT FROM LUND. Bellevue. SOUTHAMPTON, (p. 56-) 77 Midanbury House, M. Hoy, Esq. Bittern Lodge. Chessel House, Lord Ash- town. XXVIII. LONDON TO SOUTHAMPTON, THROUGH BAGSHOT, BASINGSTOKE!. AND WINCHESTER, 74i Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Ill §1 £ c ON LEFT FROM LOND. 744 From Hyde Park Comer to Hall Place. 29] BASINGSTOKE, Hants, (p. 52.) 45] Kempshot Park; and beyond, Farleigh House Dummer House, once 22] Popham. 52] occupied by T. Terry, the actor and correspondent of Sir Walter Scott. 21 4 East Stratton. 53] Stratton Park, Rt. Hon. Sir F. T. Baring, Bart. Grange Park, Lord Ash¬ burton. 17] Lunwavs Inn. 57] 14] Worthy. 60] Worthy. Aviugton, J. Shelley, Esq. 12 WINCHESTER, (p. 52.) Thence to Southampton, 62] 74 1 12 miles, (See p. 38). XXIX. LONDON TO SOUTHAMPTON THROUGH ALTON AND BISHOP'S WALTHAM, 75} Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From South. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Pelham Place. 28 214 24] From Ilyde Park Comer to ALTON, Hants, (p. 38.) Chawton. Farringdon. 47] 48] 50] To Selborne, 2 miles, which has been rendered famous by “ White’s Natu¬ ral History of Selborne.*' Chawton House, E- Knight, Esq. To Selborne, 2 milca Rotherfield Pork. 23 East TisteiL 52] Brook wood Park. CC Filmer HilL 56] Basing Park To Gosport 22 niiieiu 40 LONDON TO SOUTHAMPTON THROUGH ALTON, &c.—Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Northbrook House. Swan more House. To Winchester, 10$ m. Botley Grange. 10 61 BISHOP’S WALTHAM, a small town carrying on a considerable trade in lea¬ ther. It has immemorially been the property of the See of Winchester. Here are the remains of the Bishop’s castle, originally built by Bishop Henry deBlois, bro¬ ther of Kin" Stephen. It was demolished during the civil wars by the Parlia¬ mentary army under Wal¬ ler. William of Wykeham, to whom it owed much of its grandeur, made it his fa¬ vourite residence, and died here at the age of eighty. Pop. of Parish, 2267. 65i Eastward- of the town is Waltham Chaee, a waste of 2000 acres, belonging to the Bishop of Winchester. To Gosport 13 miles. Botley. 68 | Northam Bridge. cross river Itchin. SOUTHAMPTON, (p. 56.) 751 ON LEFT FROM LOND. XXX. LONDON.—BASINGSTOKE.—WHITCHURCH.—ANDOVER.—SALISBURY.- BLANDFORD—DORCHESTER.—BRIDPORT, 13-13 Miles. IN RIGHT FROM LOND. Kensington Palace, the fa¬ vourite residence of Queen *nne, and in which Queen Vic-I toria was bom ; and Holland! House, Lord Holland. Here Addison spent his latter years,! 1 30 v and died During the Third,. on t Lord Holland's time this house 1 was the famous resort of the Whig leaders. Gunnersbury House, the Baron Rothschild. Ealing Park. Brentford is the county town of Middlesex, being the place where the elections are held. Here stand the enormous gin distilleries of the late Sir Felix Booth, Bart. Two miles to the right i3 Osterley Park, Earl of Jersey. Sir Thomas Gresham's house stood on the site of the present one. Pop 1861,9521. Barracks. Powder Mills. West Bedfont, and far-; lfl1 „ tlier to the right Stanwell * * -*4 Park, Sir J. Gibbons, Bart./ 1251 From Hyde Park Comer to Kensington. Hammersmith. Turnham Green. Brentford, cross Grand Junc¬ tion Canal. Hounslow. Twickenham, 21 m. distant. cr. the New river. Bedfont. n 13 Chiswick Ho., a beauti¬ ful seat of the Duke of De¬ vonshire. Here both Fox and Canning died. On the opposite side of the Thames is Kew, cele¬ brated for the beautiful gar¬ dens and gigantic conser¬ vatory attached to the royal palace. Beyond Brentford Sion Ho. the noble resi¬ dence of the Duke of Northumberland. Drilling ground. Ilanworth Park. Feltham. Ashford. LONDON.—BASINGSTOKE.—WHITCHUKOH.—ANDOVER, &c.—Continued U ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From Bridport From Lond. 1 H Two miles distant An- kcrwycke House, G. S. Harcourt, Esq. 1181 Staines. f£50 cr. the Thames and 164 8 i enter Surrey. To the right is Runny- 117 Egham. its. mode, where the barons obtained from King John Windsor is 5 m. to the right. the grant of Magna Charta. Sunninghill, Silwood 113| Virginia Water. 21 t Park, and beyond Ascot To Reading through Oak- I race-ground. ingham, 18 m. Bagshot Park. 1083 Bagshot. 26 - Sandhurst Military Col¬ lege. 107| 1041 Golden Farmer. Black water, Hants. 97 1 “' 2 f 304 Yately nouse. 994 354 Bramshill Park, Rev. Hartford Bridge. Sir W. H. Cope, Bart.; and beyond, Heckfield 981 Hartley Row. 361 Place, Viscount Eversley. To Odiham, 5 m. Tilney Hall. 964 Murrell Green. 381. Newnhara. 954 Hook. 391 Old Basing. Basing House, (p. 35.) 92 Mapiederweil Hatch. 42f Basingstoke carries on a considerable trade in HO* Ci CO BASINGSTOKE. 451 corn, malt, timber, and To Alton, 6 m. coals. To Winchester, 17-V m. To Stockbridge, 21 m. Worting House, and 874 Worting. •171 oeyond, Tangier Many- lown, Sir R. C. H. Ry- •roft, Bart; and Mal- shanger. 842 Clerken Green. 50 Ash House. 81 a Overton. 53 Laverstoke Hall, M. Portal, Esq. Freefolk Priors, M. Portal Esq. 781 WHITCHURCH. 00 2 To Kinfssclere, 7 m. thence to Reading, 1 dh m. To Newbury, 13 m. To Winchester. 13 m. TTurstboume Park, Earl of Portsmouth. 761 Hurstboume. 58.1 Andover is a well built town. The church is a spa¬ cious structure, and has ex¬ isted as far back as the time of the Conqueror. The 711 ANDOVER, on the lett nanK oi tne Anton 63.’, i ON LEFT FROM LOND. Laleham.Earl of Lucan. Hampton is 7 m.,King- Egham Park, Colonel I. Salwey; Kingswood rf>dgc arid Beaumont lodge, Viscount Ash- rook, are to the right of Igham. Wentworth. Hall Grove,and beyond Obeiisk which is visible }r many miles around. Hawley Ho. Elvetham, Lord Cal liorpe. Beyond, about 3 milrc rom the road (near Orii- am), is Dogmersfield 'ark, Sir II. B. P. St. Winchfield House. Hack wood Park, Lord Hall Place. Ash Park. Whitchurch is a mar ket-town, and disfranchis¬ ed borough. Population in 1851 was 1911, naif ag ricultural. Shalloons and serges are manufactured also paper for the use of the Bank of England. Long Parish House. Near Andover there arc the remains of some Ro- man encampments. An- 42 LONDON.—BASINGSTOKE.—WHITCHURCH.—ANDOVER, Ae.— Eg. gvJ ON RIGHT FROM LOND. p c fc'C borough returns one mem¬ ber to Parliament. The To Newbury, 16 m. chief business is malting and the manufacture of ToLudgershall,7im. thence to Devizes, 20 m. silk. Pop., 5500. To Amesbury, 11m. Amport Park, Marquis of Winchester. To Winchester, 14 m. 1 t Between Andover and 69J Little Anne. 65i 1 the verge of the coun ty are several remains of camps. 63 J Middle Wallop. 71 LobcombeComer.en.Wilts. 59f Winterslow Hut. 75 4^0 cr.theriver Bourne. The College, J. H. Camp¬ bell Wyn(Iliam, Esq. 53| SALISBURY. 81 [ tii, jjaijiiigoiunc. 1 Three m. beyond Ando- er. to the right, is .Wey-I Laverstock House, Salisbury, the capital of Wilts, situated near the confluence of the rivers Willey, Avon, and Bourne, is distinguished for the pleasing arrangement of its buildings. It has ten principal streets, crossing at right angles, and through them at one time was conveyed a stream of water, taken from the Avon by sluices. That part of Salisbury denominated the Close is occupied by the Cathedral, the Bishop's palace, the houses of residentiary clergy, and many spacious private dwellings. The Cathedral, erected in the 13th century, is the most elegant and uniform structure of the land in England. The spire, which was built a centun later, is celebrated for its beauty and its height, which is upwards of 400 feet The length of the Cathedral outside from west to east is 480 feet. The length of the grand transept is 232. The interior is particularly rich in sepulchral mo¬ numents. The great east window, the window at the west end over the central door, and the chapter-house, are also worthy of notice. Salisbury contains three parish churches, and several dissenting meeting-houses, a grammar school, where Addison received his education, Assembly Rooms, a Theatre, an Infir¬ mary, and several charitable institutions. The Council-House, an elegant building, was erected at the sole expense of the 2d Earl of Radnor in 1795. Salisbury was formerly celebrated for its manufactories of cutlery, which, how¬ ever, have of late years declined. The city returns two members to Parliament. Salisbury races generally take place in August, on the plain about three miles from the city. Population, 13,000. About three miles from Salisbury’, on the left, is Longford Castle, the seat ol the Earl of Radnor. It contains a valuable collection of pictures. At the dis¬ tance of 2% miles stands Clarendon Castle, the ruins of which may still be traced, but not in such a state of preservation as to enable one to form any idea of the former grandeur of the building. It was here that, in the reign of Henry II., the laws regarding ecclesiastical authority, known by the name of the “ Consti¬ tutions of Clarendon,” were framed. Old Sarum, famous for the privilege it for- SALISBURY —LONGFORD CASTLE.—WILTON. 43 merly possessed of returning two members to Parliament, was situated about one mile from Salisbury. The tree beneath which the election took place was cut down in 1831. There are visible traces of the walls of very extensive religious houses that once existed here. At the distance of 8 miles from Salisbury, situated in the Plain near Amesbury, is the famous monument of antiquity called Stonehenge. It consists of a number of very large stones arranged in a circular form, and still partly connected witli each other at the top by flat pieces placed in a transverse direction. Antiquarians are not agreed as to the object of this rude structure, or by whom it was made. By some it has been attributed to the Druids; by others, to the Danes; and by a third party, to the Romans. About three miles from Salisbury io the ancient town of Wilton, at the conflux of the Willey and the Nadder, long noted for the manufacture of carpets; but this business has now declined. The town returns one member to Parliament. Pop. 1861, 8657. Adjoining the town is Wilton House, the celebrated seat of the Earls of Pembroke, now occupied by the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, who lias at a vast expense erected a fine church in the town. Here Sir Philip Sydney wrote his “ Arcadia.” Twelve miles from Wilton is Ilindon, near which is the famous Fonthill Abbey, now the property of the Marquis of Westminster. A little to the south of Fonthill, and about ten or eleven miles from Wilton, is War- ilour Castle, the seat of Lord Arundell of Wardour. In the grounds are the ruins of the ancient castle. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. From B rid port Resuming the route to Bndport. a g O ^3 C ON LEFT FROM LOND. Stratford St. Anthony. 50J Combe Basset. 84i Handley. Rushmore Lodge, Lord Rivers. 43J Woodgate9 Inn. ( Dorsetshire .) 91i To Cranborne, 4 miles. St. Giles’ Park, Ear] of Chettle,Eastbury Park. Shaftesbury, about 11 miles distant, formerly possessed one of the 30 :o Cashmore Inn. 961 Shaftesbury. The garden is spacious aud pleasant.and the park is about two miles in cir¬ cumference. There is also a beautiful grotto, said to have cost L.10,000- At no great distance is Critcliill House, 12. C. Sturt, Esq. richest nunneries in the 36i Tarrant nintor.. 98 S kingdom. It returns one M.P. Population, ‘SOSS. 331 Fimperne. 101* Blandford race ground Bryanston, the beauti¬ ful seat of LordPortman. Down House, Sir J. J. Smith, Bart. 311 BLANDFORD. Population, 1500. To Shaftesbury, 11J miles. To Sturminster, 9 do. To Wimborne Minster, 10 do., thence to Poole, OJ do. cross river Stour. 1031 Langton House Whatcombe House. 26 Winterborne Whit¬ church. 108J i . 841 4 Wilton House (Earl of 85}>Pemhrokc), occupied by 853 lit. Hon. Sidney Herbert. 87 4 89} 90} 94 » Tern Ho., T. Grove, Ksq. To Sturminster, 8 m. Fifohead House. To Stalbridge, II m. Stalbridge Pa., and, bevoud, Thornhill. Ven House, Sir W. C. Mcdlycott, Bart. Sherborne Castle, Lord Digby. The centre was built by Sir W. Raleigh, whose family were depriv¬ ed of the estate in a most disgraceful manner by James I. who bestowed it on his infamous favourite, Carr. 4(j LONDON TO EXETER THROUGH BASINGSTOKE, kc.—Continutd. UN RIGHT FROM LOND. From Exeter. Brympton House. 461 To Castle Cary, 1 4 \* m, Ilchester, lj. m., Ilium* ster, 14 m. Three m.(list. Montacute House, W.Phelips, Esq. 41] 39 To Ilchester, 10} m., Somcrton, 11 m., Ilmin- ster, 8 in. 361 Hinton St George, Earl Poulett. To Ihniuster, 4J m. 334 To Ilminster, 5i m., Taunton, 13 m. 28^ ' 201 164 YEOVIL (Somerset,) an ancient town, with ma¬ nufactories of gloves, £ 87j 92 94 961 lOOf Rom-ten ao4.t Fontliill Abbey (Marquis of Westminster), erected by the late Mr. Beckfurd, under tlie direction of Wyatt. The tower lias now fallen down, and the edifice suffered greatly. Farther to the left i9 Pyl House, J. Benett, Esq, and Wardour Castle, Lord Arundcll of Wardour. 48 LONDON TO EXETER THROUGH BA SING WOK 14, Arc.— Continued. a picture gallery, a library, Ac. Within the ground* tor, to the Danes. To Bruton, 5 Castle Cary, 5 miles At a distance Redlynch, Earl of Ilchester. Holbrook House. Hadspen House. Yarlington Lodge, F. Rogers, Esq. Cadbury Castle, or Ca- malet, was formerly one of the most stupendous fortifications in the king¬ dom. In it is a spot call ©d King Arthur’s Palace. Many Roman coins have been found here. To Bruton, 8 miles, Cas¬ tle Cary, 4 miles. To South Petherton, 1 m, Dillington House. To Langport. Of miles. Jordan’s House, W. Speke, Esq. To Taunton, 11 miles. Four miles distant Wol¬ ford Lodge ; near which is Hembury Fort, said to be the finest Roman camp in Devonshire. Tracey House. 1 p 0 of h 571 Bayford, Somerset. 107 : 564 WINCANTON, 108 an ancient town watered by the Cale. Here are the re- mains of an Augustine Priory. One mile distant is Horwood Spring Popula- tion of parish, 2450. 541 Holton. 110 52f Blackford. lllf 51 Cadbury, 1134 surrounded by beautiful scenery. The church con¬ tains a very curious epitaph in memory of Lady Magda- len Hastings. 49 Sparkford. 1154 431 ILCHESTER, 121 on the south bank of the Ivel, is a place of conside¬ rable antiquity, having been 374 fortified in the time of the Romans. Pop.of par.,781. Petherton Bridge. "5-8 cross river Parret. 127 344 Sea ring ton. 130 33 White Lackington. 1314 314 ILMINSTER 133 was formerly famous for its manufacture of cloth. It has a handsome church, containing a monument in memory of Nicholas Wad- ham and his wife, th-? found¬ ers of Wadham College at Oxford. Pop. 3241. 254 Buckland St Mary. 139 cross river Haven, and enter Devonshire. 231 Heathfield Arms. 141 164 HONITON, 148 1 a neatly built town, in a fine vale on the Otter, noted for die manufacture of lace. The church contains some ancient monuments. Pop. 3470. | ON LEFT from lond. To Shaftesbury, 10 m. Shanks House. To Sherborne, 8 mile*. To Sherborne, 6 miles. To Sherborne, 8 miles To Yeovil, 4 miles. Hinton St George. Earl Poulett. To Chard, 5 } mile?. At Horton, 1J mlrt dis- To Axminster, 7 mile* Four miles distant N Bramble Hill, as if s* LONDON TO EXETER THROUGH BASINGSTOKE. kr.—Oonlinvtd. 49 S " B Z JN EIGHT FROM LOND. ON LEFT FROlf LOND. £ o Oakfield House. Deer Park. 15 Weston. 1494 Combe House. Feniton Court, Right non. Sir J. Pattesou. 13 Fenny Bridges. 1514 To Ottcry St. Mary. 21 Corscoinbe House. Ks- cot, Sir J. Kennaway, Bt. *5-2 cross river Otter. miles. S. T. Coleridge was born here. Larkbear House. 6) Rockbeare. 1584 Rockbeare House. 4| Iloniton’s Clist. 1604 Bishop’s Court, Lord Graves, Winslade, and Farriiigdon House. Poltimore, Lord Polti- cross river Clist. more. Brockliill House. 4 Heavitree. Ifl3| North brook Lodge, H. D. Seymour, F,sq. Ilivlier Neweourt. Pvnes (SirS.TI. North- Powderlmm Castle cote, Bart ), 2 miles. EXETER (p. 110). 1644 (Earl of Devon). Nine miles from Honiton is Sidmouth, a fashionable watering-place, situated at the mouth of the river Sid, celebrated for the beauty of the surrounding scenery. It stands between two hills, nearly enclosing it on all sides but the south, which lies open to a beautiful bay of the English channel. The views between this place and Seaton are considered the finest on the south coast oi Devon. The climate is extremely mild and salubrious. Sidmouth is much fre¬ quented by company in the bathing season, for whose accommodation there are warm baths, a public room, libraries, &c. It has also an ancient church and several meeting-houses. Knowle Cottage here was long celebrated lor its gardens, conservatories, and the fine collection of articles of vertu it contained. Tourists used to be freely admitted in the summer months to the house and grounds. Pop. 2572. Five miles from Sidmouth, and 12 miles from Exeter, is Bicton (Clinton Ro!!e, Esq.), the seat of the late Lord Rolle, and now occupied by Lady Rolle. The park, upwards of 1U00 acres in extent, is stocked with deer and fine timber. The mansion is beautifully situated, and commands an extensive view of the sea. About 81 miles from Sidmouth, and lOf miles from Exeter, is Exmouth, at the mouth of the Exe, the oldest and best frequented watering-place in Devon. It is celebrated for the mildness of its climate, the town being well sheltered from the north-east and south-east winds by some high hills which rise almost close behind it. The rides and walks in the neighbourhood are remarkably beau¬ tiful Here are Assembly Booms, baths, libraries, and other accommodations for visitors. The Beacon Hill, on which stands the handsome chapel of St Mar¬ garet, commands one of the finest views in the west of England. The road from Exmouth to Exeter through Topsham is remarkably beautiful Population. 5228. • £ 50 XXXIII. LONDON TO 'WINCHESTERAND SOUTHAMPTON, BY KAILWAY, 80 Miles. Battersea Helds. A public park is to be laid out here. Battersea Church con¬ tains a monument to Henry St. John, the cele¬ brated Vise. Bolingbroke. Branches to Kew, Brentford, Richmond, and Windsor (p. 87). Wimbledon Park, for¬ merly Earl Spencer’s,but now subdivided for villus. Prospect Place. Combe House, and be¬ yond, Richmond Park. (See p. 88). One mile and three quarters beyond Kingston Station is a branch railway to Hampton Court, which the visitor reaches by a bridge across the Thames. Hampton Court palace and gardens form one of the most favourite places of holiday resort to the people of the metropolis, and are open to the public, free of charge, throughout the year, except upon Fridays. The palace originally belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, and was presented by him to Henry VIII. It was enlarged in 1U94, under the direction of Sir Christopher Wren. Wolsey’a apartments have lately been restored, and possess great attractions for the visitor. Both the house and gardens possess numerous objects of interest, not the least among which are the cartoons of Raphael, and many fine paintings. Thames Ditton (near which is Boyle Farm, Lord St. Leo¬ nard’s). And further to the right. East aud West Moulsey, all favourite places of resort to anglers. Ember Court, Sir C. Sulli¬ van, Bart. Walton on Thames, Ashley Park, Sir H. Fletcher. Bart. Mount Felix (Earl of Tan- kerville). Oatlands Park, lately suhd : -i vided to some extent, for) villas. Wey bridge. 1 mile. Ham Haw Park, \\ ohcua fu/. From Waterloo Hoad to 78 ; Vauxliali Station. 75 Clapliam Common St. -f??# cr. river Wandle. At the mouth of which, near the banks of the Thames, is Wandsworth numerous people are here engaged in dyeing, print¬ ing calicoes, &r. Wimbledon and Mer¬ ton St. 72 69 1 68 Malden St. 101 or. riv. Hogsmill. Kingston St. The town of Kingston is W mile distant from the station. It contains the stone on which the Anglo- Saxon kings were crown¬ ed. Since the opening of the railway, a new town, distinguished as Ivingston- on-rail, or New Kingston has sprung into existence Pop., 9790. Stockwell. Clapliam, and Clap- ham Common. Balham Hill. Tooting. Garrat, a hamlet, the ancient practice ot elect¬ ing a mayor at which gave the title to Foote’s farce, “The Mayor of Garrat.” To Merton, | mile. Mitcham, 2 miles. Mordon, 2^ milts. Mordon Park. Cannon Hill. Malden, mile. To Ewell, 4 miles. bong Ditton. 65 Esher and Claremont Stations. dg-'V cr. river Mole. 15 63 Walton and Hersham 17 St. 61 Weybridge St. 19 1 mile beyond, on the right, is a branch railway to Addlestone and Chert- , sey, miles long. Pop. of ^ Weybridge, 1603. | Esher, 1 mile, and Esher Place : beyond is Claremont, once the residence of the Princess Charlotte and Prince Leopold, now King of the Belgians, and latterly th asylum of the late Louis Pitilippe, ex-King of the French. Hersham Green. Burwood Park, Sir Richard Frederick, Bart Painsliill Fark, 2 m. From the summit ol St. George’s Hill (Earl of Ellesmere), about a mile I distant,ts atinc panoruiuicl ‘NIOldlAlVHinOS 01 NOONOI xwi ot Mmx® m -mzsim LONDON TO WINCHESTER AND SOUTHAMPTON— Continued. OS RIGHT FROM I.OND. 6*5 P 3 Basingstoke Canal. Ottershaw Park. , Horsell. Chobham, miles. Knapp Hill, and The Hermitage. Bisley. Bisley Common. Chobham Hills. 55 Frimley Green. To Fnmley li mile; Ragshot, 5J miles; Win- dlesham, 6J miles. Sandhurst Military Col¬ lege, 3$ miles. 47 Elvetham House, Lord Calthorpe, formerly a place of great extent and magnificence. Here a fa¬ mous entertainment was given to Queen Elizabeth lry the Earl of Hertford in 1591. Beyond is Bramshill, the seat of Rev. Sir W. H. ^ Cope, Bt., built for Henry Prince of Wales, eldest son of James I. Tilney Hall. Newnham. | Chineham. Two miles from Okl Basing is the Vine (W. L. W. Chute, Esq.), a mansion built by the first Lord Sandys. The ruins of Holy Ghost Chapel arc visible frotu the line. cr. river Wey, and Wey Navigation Canal. Ham Haw Common. Woking Heath. Woking St. The line here continues alongside of the Basing¬ stoke Canal, which after¬ wards crosses the railway. Cross Black water river, and enter Hants. Cross line of Reading, Guildford, and Rei- gate Railway. Farnborough St. Fleetpond St. £ 3 ON LEFT FROM LOND. view over the Thames and adjacent country, embrac¬ ing HamptonCourt.C'hert- sey, Windsor, &c. *25 Byfleet. Wisley. Pyrford. Hoebridge Place. Branches to Guildford, Godalming, and Farn- liam (p. 82). Pirbright. Continuation of Rail- 1 •*vay from Guildford to Portsmouth. 33 Farnborough Place. Farnham, (U- miles (see p. 37). 37 Aldershott Camp, on left of Farnborough Sta¬ tion. I 40 Dogmersfield Park Sh*| H. P. St. John Mildmay. Bart. Three miles south of Winchfield is Odiham, the birth-place of Lilly the Grammarian. Near it are the remains of an old castle, in which David, king of Scotland, was con¬ fined for eleven years after his capture at Neville’s Cross. Population of Odi¬ ham parish, 2833. Winchfield St. Tunnel, 80 yards long. i .£$43 cr. Whitewater river. Embankment over valley of the Loddon. Line passes through the village of Old Basing, the iscene of a severe battle fought in 871 between the Danes and the Saxons, |when the latter, under the 'command of Alfred, were defeated. Nateley Scures. Ruins of Basing House, famous for the gallant de¬ fence which it made under John, fifth Marquis of Winchester, against the Parliamentary troops. 11 held out during two yearr., and was ultimately stormed by Cromwell. LONDON TO WINCHESTER AND SOUTH AM PTON— Continued. 52 Weston, Stoke Charity, Wonston, Hunton. Winchester race course, in Worthy Down. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From South. Strathfieldsnye (Dukeof 32 Wellington), 64 miles. 1 branch to Reading, 15 miles (see p. 137)- Winklebury Hill, an an¬ cient encampment. Worting House. Manydown House (Sir R. C. H. Rycroft, Bart). Malshanger House. Oakley Park. Hall Place. Ash Park. Overton, a large village, formerly a market town, 4J milt's. Whitchurch, G miles. Andover, 11£ miles. 22 £3 Basingstoke St. Basingstoke is mentioned in Doomsday Book under the name of Basingtoches , and is described as having been always a royal manor > Malting and the com trade) form its principal business Basingstoke had before the opening of the railway a very extensive coach traf¬ fic, from its position on one of the great western roads. Pop. 4654. Lichfield Tunnel, 20u yards. Popham Hill Tunnel,' 200 yards. Andover Road St. 13 48 58 Over Micheldever em-l bnnkment, raised more* than 100 feet above the meadows. Lunways Inn Tunnel.I WINCHESTER. 67 ON LEFT FROM LOND.i Hackwood Park, Lord Bolton, 1 nnle. Herriard Park, 3 miles Kempshot Park. North Waltham. Popham Beacor, 460 feet high, affords a fine view from the summit. Stratton Park, Rt. Hon, Sir F. T. Baring, Bart., contains a fine collection of paintings. Stratton belonged to Thomas Earl of Southampton, and by the marriage of his daughter to the illus¬ trious patriot, Lord Wil¬ liam Russell, it came into the possession of the Bed- lord family, who sold it to the grandfather of the present possessor. Micheldever. 3 miles distant, the Grange, Lord Ashburton. Kings Worthy, Head- horn Worthy, Abbots Worthy, Easton ; and be¬ yond, Avingtou Park, J. Shelley, Esq. The origin of Winchester is involved in obscurity ; but tradition, and the evi¬ dence of our oldest historical monuments, concur in representing it as one of the earliest settlements of the first inhabitants of the island. It was termed Caer Gwent by the Britons, Yenta Belgarum by the Romans, and Wintanceaster by tin Saxons. It became the capital of England under the Saxons when the country was united under the sway of Egbert, King of Wessex, in the beginning of the ninth century, and it retained this dignity till the reign of Edward the Confessor in the middle of the eleventh century. Here lie the bones of Alfred the Great and of the famous Canute. In this city, in 1002, commenced the horrid mas¬ sacre of all the Danes who had settled in England. From this massacre sprung the old English custom of the Hocktide merriments. Here William the Con¬ queror built a castle and a palace, part of the foundations of which is yet to be seen. Here bis son, William Rufus, was crowned, and here lie was buried' winchester. 53 irtd here were the royal mint, treasury, and public record-office. Winchester nli'ered severely during the wars between Stephen and the Empress Matilda. Here Richard Coeur-de-Lion was crowned a second time with great pomp after his return from the crusades. Here John ratified his ignominious submission to the Pope’s agent, Pandulph, and did homage to him for his crown. Henry III. was born here, and always bore the name of Henry of Winchester. Henry IV. here married Joan of Brittany. Parliaments were held in this city both it. the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Prince Arthur, son of Henry VII., was born at the castle ; and Henry VIII. entertained the Emperor Charles V. at the same place in 1522. At the Reformation, it suffered severely from the dis¬ solution of its monasteries and other religious buildings, so that it had the ap¬ pearance of a city sacked by a hostile army. Here Queen Mary was married to Philip of Spain. James I. made Winchester the scene of the disgraceful trials of Sir Walter Raleigh, Lords Cobham and Grey, and their assumed ac¬ complices ; and three of these royal victims, the Hon. George Brooke, brother of Lord Cobham, and the priests, Watson and Clarke, were executed here on the Castle-hill. The castle was garrisoned during the civil war, first by the ad¬ herents of the Parliament, from whom it was taken by the Royalists in 1643. After the battle of Naseby, it was retaken by Cromwell, who blew it up with gunpowder, battered to pieces the fortifications of the city, and demolished Wolvesey Castle, the bishop's palace. His troopers stabled their horses in the cathedral, and committed great excesses, demolishing the monuments, and mu¬ tilating and injuring parts of the edifice. The bishop’s palace was rebuilt in 1684. Winchester was a favourite city of Charles II., who commenced the erection of a palace in 1682 on the site of the old castle, which, so far as finish¬ ed, stands there now, and is occupied as barracks. Richard Cromwell, after resigning the Protectorate, passed the remainder of his life in retirement in the neighbourhood of this city, at the old manor of Merdon at Hursley. Winchester is situated on the eastern slope of an eminence, at the foot of which flows the beautiful river Itchen. The city has a solemn and venerable appearance. It consists of several good streets, lighted with gas, and well paved. Of the five ancient gates only two are now remaining ; and all traces of the ditches and old walls have been obliterated. The most interesting public build¬ ing in Winchester is the cathedral. Ivinegils, the first of the Saxon kings who embraced Christianity, laid the foundation of a cathedral here, which, after his death, was carried on by his son, Kenewalch, and completed in 648. It stood on the spot which is occupied by the existing building. Having fallen into de¬ cay, it was rebuilt by St Ethelwold in 980. Bishop Walkelyn, the prelate who was first appointed to the see utter the conquest, rebuilt the central tower, and made various important repairs and additions. Bishop Godfrey de Lucy rebuilt a portion of the east end towards the close of the eleventh century. Various extensive improvements were made about the middle of the fourteenth century bv Bishop William de Edington; and his illustrious successor, William de 54 WINCHESTER. Wykeham, who held the see of Winchester from 13G6 to 1404, rebuilt nearly t e whole of the cathedral to the westward of the central tower. A considerah'j part of the church to the east of this tower was restored by Bishop Richard Fox in the early part ot the sixteenth century. The building is in the form of a cross, its length from east to west being 550 feet, and the breadth of the nave and aisles 86 feet. The nave, 250 feet in length, is considered one of the finest in England. The length of the trausepts is 186 feet. The tower is 138 feet in height, and 50 feet by 48 in breadth. By far the noblest part of the building is the west front, built by William of Wykeham, with its great central doorway, its noble window, rich with perpendicular tracery, its buttresses and pinnacled turrets, its crowning tabernacle, with its statue of the builder, and its pinnacled side-aisles. The interior has a peculiarly solemn and magnificent appearance, and is richly ornamented. Around the w'alls are numerous monuments of bishops, deans, nobles, and gentlemen of neighbouring families. The chapels or chantries of Wykeham, Edington, Fox, Cardinal Beaufort, Waynflete, and Gardiner, are of the most beautiful and elaborate workmanship. “ So delicately, so elaborately are they carved out, that they have more the appearance of being wrought in ivory (ban in stone. In these, on stately tombs, the sides of which are figured with the richest panelling, lie the effigies of these magnificent old prelates, and here were daily masses chanted for the repose of their souls.” The workmanship of the choir is remarkably rich and beautiful. On the floor, a plain bevelled stone of dark marble marks the tomb of William Rufus ; and arranged on each side of the sanctuary are six mortuary chests, containing the bones of many of the most eminent Saxon princes. Behind the altar is a magnificent stone screen of the most exquisite workmanship, erected by Bishop Fox ; and a painting by West, of the raising of Lazarus, now occupies the place where the high altar ormerly stood. In the floor of Prior Silkstede’s chapel, in the old Norman south transept, is the tomb of Izaak Walton. The most interesting building in Winchester next to the cathedral is St. Mary's College. William of Wykeham, by whom it was founded and endowed, was ori¬ ginally a poor boy of the neighbouring town of Wickham, who, having attracted the notice of Nicholas Uvedale, the lord of the manor, was sent by him to the old grammar-school of Winchester, which stood on the very spot where his college now stands. It has been justly said, that “his architectural works at Dover, Queenborough, Windsor, and other castles for the king—the building of his two colleges, this and New College, Oxford,—and his rebuilding the nave of his cathe¬ dral—mark him as the greatest architectural genius of the age.” Winchester College was begun in the year 1387, and was completed six years afterwards. The society consisted of a warden and ten priests, who are perpetual fellows, three chaplains, three clerks, and sixteen choristers, a schoolmaster and under master, and seventy scholars. The establishment continues in the same condition ; bui be¬ sides the seventy scholars, there are now taught a considerable number of youths who are not on the foundation The college is built round two courts with towers WINCHESTER,. 55 over each gateway. The buildings in the second court are in a far superior style to those in the first. The dining-hall is a splendid room in the ancient Gothic style, with a lofty groined roof. In a chamber adjoining the kitchen is a very singular emblematical figure in oil-painting, usually termed “the trusty servant.” The chapel is lofty, finely roofed, and the large windows are filled with stained glass. On the south side of the chapel are the cloisters, enclosing a quadrangle of 132 feet square. In the midst of the quadrangle is a little Gothic chapel, where a monk used to perform a daily mass for the dead. It is now the library of the establishment, and contains a collection of valuable old books. To the westward of the cloisters and library is the school, a detached building, erected in 1G87. Over the entrance is a fine bronze statue of Wykeham, cast and presented to the college by Caius Gabriel Cibber, father of Colley Cibber. The Hospital of St Cross is situated about a mile from the city, in the centre of a delightful part of the valley of the Itchin. A pleasant path leads to it across the meadows. To the left is the hill of St Catherine’s, near the summit of which there are traces of an ancient fortification. Behind St Catherine’s, on the top of Twyford down, there are some vestiges of the great Eoman road from Portus Mag¬ nus (Porchester) to Winchester. The Hospital of St Cross was erected in the time of King Stephen by Henry de Blois, and was originally intended for thirteen poor men, a master, a steward, four chaplains, thirteen clerks, and seven choristers. The hospital was built in a quadrangular form; and three sides of the square yet remain. On the outer front of the gateway tower is a statue of Cardinal Beaufort, who may be regarded as the second founder of the institution. The Church of St Cross, which is one of the most interesting monuments of architectural anti¬ quity in the kingdom, consists of a nave and side aisles, with a chancel and tran¬ septs, and a massy Norman tower over the intersection. The view from the leads of the tower is very fine. The hospital was stripped of much of its income at the Keformation. It still, however, affords a handsome revenue to the master, and comfortable subsistence to thirteen poor brethren. The brethren wear black cloaks, with a silver cross on the breast. A small remnant of the ancient hos¬ pitality is still kept up; for any one who presents himself at the porter’s lodge is entitled to receive a horn of ale and a slice of bread—the ale, however, being of the thinnest and the bread of the hardest. The Winchester Museum, situated in Jewry Street, contains valuable speci¬ mens of archaeology, ethnology, mammals, birds, &c. It is open on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays ; admission free. Winchester returns two members to Parliament. Population of the city, 14,700. A road leads from Winchester, a distance of 24 miles, to Gosport, passing through Twyford (where there was once a Eoman Catholic seminary, at which Pope received part of his education), Botley and Titclifield, the church of which is an interesting structure, and contains the effigies of Wriothesley, first Earl of Southampton, and his wife and son. Near the town are the ruins of Titclifield House, in which Charles I. was twice concealed. 56 LONDON TO WINCHESTER AND SOUTHAMPTON— Continue*. ON RIGHT FROM LON'D. Compton. Otterbourne, and be¬ yond, Cranbury Park, T. Chamberlayne, Esq. Four miles distant, Hursley Park, Sir W. Heathcote, Bart. The park is very picturesque, and contains the very perfect remains of one of Cromwell’s held forti¬ fications. Branch to Salisbury, g North Stoneham Park, J. W. Fleming, Esq., well wooded, and command¬ ing fine views. Beyond, Chilworth House. Portswood House. Bannister House. Bevois Mount. Bellevue. (From Winchester.) ON Lb;FT FROM LON D. , The railway runs hence through the valley of the lichen. Hursley, 5 miles from Winchester, was once the property of Richard Crom¬ well, in right of his wife, Dorothy Major. His daughters, after his death, sold"the estate to Sir \V. Heathcote, who caused the ancient mansion to be taken down. A seal was found on this occasion in one of the walls, which proved to be the seal of the Common¬ wealth. Hursley will al- waysbe associatedwith the name of Rev. John Keble, late Vicar, and author of “ the Christian Year.” Bishopstoke St. Dr. Gamier, Dean of Winchester, holds the living of Bishopstoke. His gardens are most attrac¬ tive, and admission is readily granted to any re¬ spectable person present¬ ing a card, and signifying a wisli to see them. The Himalayan collection is very fine. Admiral Hawkes, one of the naval heroes of the reign of George II., is buried in North Stoneham church. The line crosses the river Itch in by a viaduct. SOUTHAMPTON. 74 80 Hospital of St. Cross. (See p. 55.) St. Catherine’s Hill. Twytord House. Twyford Lodge. Shaw ford Lodge, and 4 miles distant. Rose Hill Park, Earl of Northesk. Bambridge House, Lieut-Gen. Sir John Uanbury, K.C.H. Marweil Hull. Branch to Gosport, 16 miles (p. 81). Swatliling. Townhill Park. South Stoneham Ho. Midanbury House. Bittern Grove. At Bittern was a Roman station, the Clau- sentum of the Itinerary. Roman remains are found here. Chesscl House, Lord Ashtown. Southampton is beautifully situated at the head of the bay called the South¬ ampton Water, having the river Itchen on the one side, and the Test or Anton on the other. It was anciently fortified, and the remains of its walls and castle still exist. The town appears to have had its origin in the Saxon times, and ia mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle under the year 873. During the ninth and tenth centuries it was frequently ravaged by the Danes ; here Canute occa¬ sionally resided ; and it was while he stayed at Southampton that the well- known incident occurred in which he rebuked the flattery of his courtiers. In the sixteenth century Southampton was visited by the Emperor Charles V., by Edward VI., Philip of Spain, and Queen Elizabeth ; and it was for some time the residence of Charles 1. Southampton possesses an exceUent harbour lor U3^ SOUTHAMPTON. 57 mercnantmen, anti ila value and importance nas been greatly increased by the recent formation of docks of a capacity sufficient to receive vessels of the largest class, and steam-vessels. This town has long been a place of great trade with Spain and Portugal, chiefly for the importation of wine and fruit. It has also a considerable trade with Prance, with the Baltic ports and Canada, and with the Channel Islands. It carries on a brisk coasting trade; and is the most convenient port for steam-boats plying to Guernsey, Jersey, St Malo, Granville, and H&vre. There are also regular trading-smacks and schooners between London and Southampton. The total amount of the gross revenue collected at the cus¬ tom-house in Southampton in 18G1 amounted to £79,496. The formation of the South-Western Railway has proved of great benefit to the trade and local interests of Southampton, which is now the principal station for the West India, and also the Peninsular and Oriental packets, by the latter of which the overland com¬ munication with India, through Egypt and across the Isthmus of Suez, is main¬ tained; this line of route has been further extended to Sydney and New Zea¬ land. Southampton was anciently defended by double ditches, battlements, and watch-towers. Of the gates, the only one remaining is an imposing structure called Bargate, on the north front of which are two figures, said by tradition to represent the famous Sir Bevois of Hampton and the giant Ascupart, whom he Blew in single combat. Southampton contains a great number of large and well- built houses, and the principal streets are spacious and well paved. Southampton contains five churches, of which St Michael’s is remarkable for its high slender octagonal tower, which serves as a landmark to ships entering the harbour; it has also a Catholic chapel, and several places of meeting for dis¬ senters of various denominations. There is a grammar-school, founded in the time of Edward VI. On the north side of the town is an asylum for female orphans, the children of soldiers; and there are various charitable institutions. About half a mile from the Bargate stand the barracks, which enclose an area of two acres, but this is not now a military station. Since the fire which occurred at the Tcwer of London in 1841, the engraving department of the ordnance establishment has been removed to Southampton, at which town the execution of the national survey of Great Britain is at present carried on, and upon which numerous engravers are now employed. The Ordnance Survey of England and Wales, which was commenced in 1791, has been completed on a scale of one inch to a mile, with the exception of the six lorthern counties, at a total cost of L.662,000. The remaining portion, as well as a similar survey of Scotland, at present in progress, is being proceeded with upon the scales of six and three inches to a mile. Southampton was incorporated into a borough by Charles I., and is also a county of itself: if is divided into five wards, and governed by a mayor, teu THE NEW FOREST. 58 aldermen, and thirty councillors. It returns two members to Parliament. Population of Parliamentary borough, 54,000. From Southampton to Salisbury is 214 miles—Lymington, 20J—Portsmouth, 174—Gosport, 10^—Poole, 34—Winchester, 12. The mildness of the air, the facility of making excursions by water as well aa by land, the vicinity of the Isle of Wight and of the New Forest, contribute to render the town a desirable place for either a temporary or a permanent resi¬ dence, which is further recommended by the excellent supplies of fish, fruit, meat, and other necessaries. A number of pleasant excursions may be made in the neighbourhood of Southampton. About three miles from the town is the celebrated Netley Ab¬ bey',* one of the most picturesque ruins in England. The founder of this abbey was Peter Roche, Bishop of Winchester, who died towards the middle of the thirteenth century. Its inmates were of the Cistertian order. At the dissolu¬ tion it was granted to Sir William Paulet, afterwards the celebrated Marquis of Winchester. The abbey is now a complete min, so that scarcely any part of it can be distinguished, except the remains of the chapel. The walk to it from the town of Southampton is one of enchanting beauty. The abbey itself is ai- most completely concealed by the luxuriant foliage of the trees among which it is embosomed, and, altogether, the spot is one of singular loveliness. THE NEW FOREST. In the neighbourhood of Southampton is that large tract of woodland term© ’ the New Forest, than which there are probably few spots in England more in¬ teresting, or more worthy of being visited. The New Forest was originally formed by William the Conqueror in the year 1079, about thirteen years after the battle of Hastings. Its shape is a kind of irregular triangle, wide at the south, and drawing to a point towards the north, contained within a circumfe¬ rence of about fifty miles. Great odium has been heaped on the memory of William, particularly by the monkish historians, because of his alleged conduct in afforesting these woodlands, and it has been confidently asserted that he de¬ stroyed a large number of villages and churches, drove out the inhabitants, laid their lands waste, and formed the New Forest in their room. These statements, however, are greatly exaggerated, for it is obviously impossible that such an ex¬ tensive depopulation could have taken place in a country which, from the na¬ ture of it, must have been from the first very thinly inhabited. At the same time, he cannot be absolved from all reproach in this matter, for it is evident that many persons must have been dispossessed of their lands ere such an extensive tract could have been wholly at his disposal. His son, William Rufus, was kil¬ led in this forest, according to popular tradition, by a random arrow, but the precise circumstances attending his death are involved in doubt. This event * Leland states that the proper name of the place is Lettley, which is supposed tn bp s cor¬ ruption uf the Latin words de L'fio Locot THE NEW FOREST. 50 took place near Stoney Cross, at a short distance from Castle Malwood. An oak formerly stood on the spot, but this has now disappeared, and its site is marked by a triangular stone about five feet high, bearing the following inscription com¬ memorative of the event:— “ Here stood the oak on which an arrow, shot by Sir Walter Tyrrell at a stag ( glanced and struck King William II., named Rufus, in the breast, of which he instantly died, on the 2d of August a.d. 1100.” “King William II., surnamed Rufus, being slain as is before related, was laid in a cart belonging to one Purkess,* and drawn from hence to Winchester, and was buried in the cathedral church of that city.” “That where an event so memorable had happened might not hereafter be unknown, this stone was set up by John Lord Delaware, who had seen the tree growing in this place anno 1745.” Stoney Cross is visited in summer by great numbers of persons from South¬ ampton, Winchester, and the neighbouring towns. The New Forest has preserved its ancient boundaries more exactly, and re¬ tains more of the forest than any of our other forests. Part of it is now private property, but 65,845 acres belong to the Crown, subject to certain rights of com¬ mon, of pasturage, pannage, and fuel, belonging to proprietors of estates within or adjacent to the forest. For local purposes, the forest is divided into nine bailiwicks, and these are again subdivided into fifteen walks. Formerly the chief officer of the forest was the Lord Warden, who was appointed by the crown during pleasure, by letters-patent under the Great Seal, and was generally some person of distinction ; under him were a lieutenant, a bow-bearer, two rangers, a woodward, an under-woodward, four verderers, a high-steward, an under-steward, twelve regarders, nine foresters, and fifteen under-foresters. Besides these ancient officers of the forest, there was one of later institution called the purveyor, whose business it was to assign timber for the use of the navy. The forest is now managed by a deputy-surveyor under the Commis¬ sioners of Woods and Forests. There is a numerous population within the limits of this forest. Their moral condition, though much improved of late years, is still low. “ On the skirts of the forest,” says William FTbwitt, “and round its vast heaths, are numbers of poor huts, whose inmates have very little visible means of existence, but profess themselves to be woodmen, charcoal-burners, and so on ; but it is pretty well * Purkess lived at Minstead, and maintained his family by burning charcoal. His male descendants have continued to occupy the same house, a7id to carry on the same trade till very recently. The last of the lineal occupiers of the hut died an old man a few years ago. It is said of this family that they always possessed a horse and cart, but never attained to the possession of a team. This tradition is thus referred to in Mr. Stewart Rose’s ballad of the Red King:— “ And still so runs our forest creed,— Flourish the pious yeoman’s seed, Ev’n in the self-same spot; One horse and cart their little store, Like their forefathers, neither more Nor less the children’s lot.” no THE NEW FOREST understood that poaching and smuggling are their more probable vocations Some of their cabins are the rudest erections of boughs, turf, and heather. Their poles for charcoal-burning are reared in huge pyramids, with the smallest end uppermost. * * * Many of them, like those in the woods of America, are mere squatters ; but the attempt to disturb them is much the same as to disturb a hornet’s nest. Conscious that there is no strength but in malting common cause, they are all up in arms at any attempt to dislodge any of them.” Horses are reared in great numbers in the New Forest. They are of a dimi¬ nutive breed, and are supposed to be descended from the Spanish jenets driven ashore on the coast of Hampshire in the dispersion of the Armada. They are often seen feeding together in herds of twenty or thirty, and have a very pic¬ turesque appearance amid the forest scenery. Great numbers of them are an¬ nually taken and sold. They are useful for any kind of employment, and are remarkable for the hardiness of their nature, and for their agility and sureness of foot. The forest abounds also with red and fallow deer. It likewise contains a breed of hogs, which have about them several of the characteristic marks of the wild boar. Besides these wild hogs there are many of the domesticated breed in the New Forest, who are turned out to feed on acorns and beechmast during the “ pannage” month, which begins about the end of September, and lasts for six weeks. The curious mode by which they are collected and ma¬ naged is described by Gilpin in Iris Forest Scenery, and is too well known to re¬ quire to be quoted here. The New Forest is a district of great interest both to the sportsman and the naturalist, as it abounds in birds of almost every species and in winter its shores are thronged by aquatic birds. Its extensive tracts of heath render the forest a favourite resort of the honey-bee, which everywhere rovers the surface of it, and is frequently a source of considerable profit to the cottagers. The various roads by which the JNew Forest is traversed, including that part of the railway from Southampton to Dorchester, which traverses the forest to Ringwood, are all accurately delineated in the chart which accompanies this description. The tourist may, therefore, choose for himself the route which he will pursue, according as his time may permit, or his taste incline. Wo shall briefly point out such objects as are deserving of especial notice. The visitor who wishes thoroughly to explore this interesting district would do well to take some of the forest towns, such as Lyniington, Lyndhurst, Christchurch, &c. as central points, and from these places as his head-quarters make excursions in various directions. Taking Southampton as the point of departure, the road passes the pretty village of Millbrook, the churchyard of which contains a monument to Pollok, the author of the “ Course of Time,” who died at Shirley, near this place, in 1827, at the age of twenty-nine. A mile farther on is Redbridge, at the head of Southampton Water, a place of great antiquity, which enjoys a considerable trade in com, coal, timber, &c. A little beyond a road leads off on the left to Lyndhurst, the little capital of the Forest, distant about 9 or 10 miles from Southampton. A little firther on the road passes Tottou, near which is Testwood House, the THE NEW FOREST. 61 seat of Miss Bourne. Proceeding onward the tourist readies Cadnara Park, distant between 9 and 10 miles from Southampton. From this place a plea¬ sant excursion may be made along the valley of the Avon to Fording bridge; whence the tourist may proceed to Ringwood, a distance of six miles, by Blackford Green, and the village of Ibbesley. A short way beyond, to the right of the road, is Rufus’s stone, formerly described, and to the left is Castle Mai- wood. Proceeding onward we reach Stoney Cross, a place much visited in sum. mer by large parties from Southampton, Winchester, and the neighbouring towns. A little to the left is the sequestered hamlet of Minstead, which stands in one of the finest parts of the forest. “ On one side,” says W. Howitt, “ are open knolls and ascending woodlands, covered with majestic beeches, and the village children playing under them ; on the other, the most rustic cottages, .almost buried in the midst of their orchard trees, and thatched as Hampshire cot¬ tages only are—in such projecting abundance—such flowing lines. * * The whole of the cottages thereabout are in equal taste with the roof, so ditl'erent to the red staring square brick houses of manufacturing districts. They seem, as no doubt they are, erected in the spirit and under the influence of the genim loci. The bee-hives in their rustic rows, the little crofts, all belong to a primi¬ tive country. I went on, now coming to small groups of such places, now to others of superior pretensions, but equally blent with the spirit of the surround¬ ing nature—little paradises of cultivated life. As I advanced heathery hills stretch¬ ed away on one hand, woods came down thickly and closely on the other, and ft winding road, beneath the shade of large old trees, conducted me to one of the most retired and peaceful of hamlets. It was Minstead. * * * Herds of red- deer rose from the fern, and went bounding away, and dashed into the depths o 1 the woods ; troops of those grey and long-tailed forest horses turned to gaze as 1 passed down the open glades ; and the red squirrels in hundreds scampered away from the ground where they were feeding. * * * Delighted with the true woodland wildness and solemnity of beauty, I roved onward through the wildest woods that came in my way. Awaiting as from a dream, I saw far around me one deep shadow, one thick and continuous roof of boughs, and thousands of hoary boles standing clothed as it were with the very spirit of silence. I admired the mag¬ nificent sweep of some grand old trees as they hung into a glade or ravine, some delicious opening in the deep woods, or the grotesque figure of particular trees, which seemed to have been blasted into blackness, and contorted into inimitable crookedness, by the savage genius of the place.” Minstead Manor House is the property of II. C. Compton, Esq. Returning to the road, and passing Bolderwood Lodge, a little to the left, we shortly after reach Picked Post, and a short distance beyond it is the pleasant village of Ringwood, seated on the banks of the Avon, which spreads near the town into a large sheet of water full of little islands. Ringwood existed during the Roman occupation of Britain, and was a place of some importance in the Anglo-Saxon times. It contained in 1861, 3751 inhabitants, who are chiefly employed in the manufacture of woollen cloths and stockings, and in brewuig 62 THE NEW FOREST.-CHRISTCHURCTi ale and strong beer, for which the town has acquired a considerable name. Tie country around the town is rather flat. The roads from Southampton to Poole, and from Salisbury to Christchurch pass through Ringwood. At the distance of nine miles from Ringwood is the town of Christchurch. There are two roads parallel to each other which lead to it, with the river Avon flowing between them. The road on the left bank of the river passes by Kingsbar, Bistern Park (II. C. Compton, Esq.) Avon, Sopley, and Staple’s Cross. In the vicinity of the latter are the mansions of Hinton House, Hinton Admiral, and High Cliff. The country between Ringwood and Christchurch is flat, and the lanes close and woody. The town of Christchurch takes its name from its church and priory, founded early in the Saxon era for a dean and twenty canons of the order of St Augus¬ tine. William Rufus bestowed the church and convent upon Ranulph Flam bard, Bishop of Durham, who rebuilt the church upon a more superb scale, and its revenues were greatly augmented by Richard de Rivers, Earl of Devon, to whom the manor was given by Henry I. At the dissolution, the annual income was L.544, 6s. Some fragments of the priory walls are still standing. The church, which is in the form of a cross, is a very interesting specimen of the Norman style, though modern additions have been made to it. Within the church, there are some curious ancient monuments ; and the tower commands a delightful and extensive prospect. The town is supposed to have been of Ro¬ man origin, and in Saxon times was called Tweonea, or “ the place between the rivers.” Near Christchurch are Heron Court (Earl of Malmesbury) and Sand¬ hills (W. Hose, Esq.) It returned two members to Parliament since the reign of Elizabeth ; but the number was reduced to one by the Reform Act. The popu¬ lation in 1801 of the parliamentary borough was 9368. The rivers Stour and Avon, after uniting about 14 miles below the town, flow into Christchurch bay, which is spacious, but shallow and dangerous. “ There is a curious circumstance peculiar to this harbour and the neighbouring port of Poole in Dorsetshire,—that of the tide producing two high waters ; a phenome¬ non quite inexplicable from the general laws of tides, and only to be accounted for by the situation of this coast as regards the Isle of Wight, and from the con¬ traction of the channel by the jutting out of the point of land on which Hurst Castle stands.”* In the neighbourhood of the town are the remains of a camp and entrench¬ ments, with several tumuli and barrows. Christchurch is about 20 miles distant from Lymington. The intervening district is flat, cultivated, and enclosed. The road is parallel to the coast the whole of the way. A little to the right of the road is a large house built by Lord Bute. It stands on a cliff directly opposite to Cherbourg, fr om which it is about 60 miles distant. This cliff, which is termed Hordle Cliff, rises about 150 feet above the level of the sea. The flatness of the scenery is a little diver¬ sified by various hollows or narrow dells, through each of which a small rivulet tads its way to the sea. The most remarkable are those of Chuton, Ashley, and * Gilpin’s Forest Scenery, Vol. ii. n. l *6. I-YMTKGTON.— LVNDHraST. 63 Ffford. About two or three miles farther along the coast, stands Hurst Castle, built at the extremity of a remarkable natural causeway, which runs two miles into the sea, forming, between the castle and the Isle of Wight, a narrow chan¬ nel, which, at high water, scarcely exceeds 200 yards in breadth. The castle was erected in the time of Henry VIII. Here Charles I., after being removed from the Isle of Wight, was confined for some time previous to his trial and execution. Between Hurst Castle and Lymington is the small village of Mil¬ ford, which commands fine views of Alum Bay and the neighbouring part el Wight. Three nules farther on is the town of Lymington, agreeably situated on the right bank of the river of the same name. It is 9 miles from Lyndhurst, 19 from the Southampton station, and about 90 south-west from London in i straight line. Lymington is a neat well built town, and pleasantly situated. It is a corporate town and parliamentary borough, and returned two members siaci the reign of Elizabeth, but now only one. The parish church, dedicated to Thomas a Beclcet, contains many handsome monuments. The population amounts to about 5000. Lymington is subordinate to the port of Southampton. Its foreign trade is unimportant, and the coasting trade is on the decline. Considerable improve- ments have, of late years, been made in the town with the view of affording ac¬ commodation to visitors during the bathing season. The chief manufacture in the neighbourhood is salt. Near Lymington is Cadlands, the seat of A. It. Drummond, Esq., and Wallhainpton, the seat of Sir G. Burrard, Bart. About tw-o miles from L\ mington is the village of Boldre, for above twenty years the scene of the pas¬ toral labours of the Itev. William Gilpin, author of “ Forest Scenery,” and various other works on the picturesque. He built ana endowed two schools here out of the profits of the sale of his drawings, and lies buried in Boldre churchyard. Thi church, which is an ancient and primitive looking structure, stands on the sum¬ mit of a thickly wooded eminence, and commands a variety of interesting views. Midway between Lymington and Lyndhurst is Brockenhurst, a pleasant fo¬ rest village, of Saxon origin, and recorded in the Doomsday Book by the name of Broceste. Part of the church was erected before the Conquest, and the font is a very antique and curious piece of workmanship. Near the village are Brockenhurst Park. Watcombe House (now pulled down) was, for three years, the residence of the philanthropic Howard. To the south-west of Brockenhurst there is a heath called Sway Common, over which various tumuli are scattered. The road from Brockenhurst to Lyndhurst passes through a very interesting part of the forest. Near Lyndhurst stands Cufi'nells (Sir Edward Poore, Bart.) on a rising ground embosomed in trees, and most delightfully situated in the verv heart of the forest. It was the property of the late Sir Thomas Tancred, of whose heirs it was purchased by the late Sir George Kose, who made very considerable additions to the mansion. The situation of Lyndhurst is very beautiful. It has been considered as the capital of the New Forest ever since the era of its forma- 64 LYMINGTOJV-BeACLIEU abbey. tion, and the forestal courts are still held here. An ancient stirrup is preserved in the hall of the King’s House, the official residence of the Lord Warden, which is said to have been that used by William Rufus at the time he was shot by Sir Walter Tvrrel.* Opposite to the King's House stands a large square buildin * called the King’s Stables. A fine prospect of the forest may be obtained from the tower of the church. Lord Lyndhurst derives his title from tliis place. Po¬ pulation of parish 1522. From Lyndhurst to Southampton is a distance of between 9 and 10 miles. The road joins that which leads to Stoney Cross at the village of Rumbridge. Before closing our description of the forest we may direct the attention of the tourist to an interesting excursion which may be made to Beaulieu Abbey. Th:s spot may be reached by crossing Southampton water to Hvthe, and proceeding from thence to Beaulieu, a distance of 5 miles. The river Beaulieu is a mere forest stream till near the abbey, when it expands into a lake covering mam acres. The Abbey of Beaulieu was founded by King John in 1204 for monks of the Cistertian order. The wall which surrounded the precincts of the abbev is nearly entire in several parts, and is finely mantled with ivy. Of the build¬ ings of the abbey considerable parts remain. The abbot’s lodge was converted, after the dissolution, into a family seat The ancient kitchen and the refectory, and a long building supposed to have been the dormitory, are still standing. The refectory is now turned into a parish church, and was repaired some years ago at the expense of the late Lord Montagu, uncle of the Duke of Buccleuch. Beau¬ lieu Abbey possessed the privilege of sanctuary, and it afforded a temporary pro¬ tection to Margaret of Anjou, Queen of Henry VI., and her son Prince Edward, on her return from the continent, at the time of the Battle of Barnet. It also afforded shelter to Perkin Warbeck after the failure of his attempts in the west of England. At the dissolution, the manor of Beaulieu was granted to Thomas Wriothesley, afterwards Earl of Southampton. In the reign of William III. this estate became the property of Ralph, Lord, afterwards Duke of, Montagu, by his marriage with the heiress of the Wriothesleys. His son John, second Duke of Montagu, transmitted it to his daughters, Isabella and Mary, from whom, by intermarriages, the manor has descended to the Duke of Buccleuch. At Beaulieu was also an Hospital of Knights Templars. The ruins of the hospital, which are now converted into farm buildings, stand about half a mile distant from the water, on a rising ground which commands extensive views. The tourist may vary his route back to Southampton by sailing down the Beaulieu or Exe river to Exburv,—a distance of rather more than 3 miles, and proceeding from thence across the country to Calshot Castle, about 44 miles * “ And still in merry Lyndhurst hall Red William’s stirrup decks the wall. Who lists the sight may see; And a fair stone in green Mai wood Informs the traveller where stood 1'he memorable tree .”—Red King T.i luusliai Ytntuftq .niuAenforth^ Si'llii hO. biirusr ■ !U„Uu ft’itnr. lida-rP'ryj}< llut.htfdfiir\i (Wr >• .//«/*' Vtl.VOTO Jaij/y r£\*i*fs *‘4 2 'uufsMor ■C.'ti/ilv, -tt kiOSPO rt^isfuki itiiiiit’tfj to (Mragc iinioClIu' V/i/lI***!/•' .1:1 111 .iii . iSfe, C#- ' 1 -"Y" V y ' ♦ JZyitfriiitiirH -4r,iZh?u ) J/AiV.v,' r.n Mini bmowj hi*** I y.iUro.'i-/, i^Snr^uirrli ' A. .IlnJtft' Chijffrt,.t, j iIciMuIh' ■I ■ ■ il/nr.ii , , i&noJ.hii/h, l^llil.lnr,yotf,\ >' )Mj» yVfL »A* * * "m/A/.'iz 1 if iDliliihuf lOUdiiirHi *H/r'„f So ndroo focken Pf A.tCBli fSl.E OP WIGHT. G.5 from Exbuiy. From Calshot he may proceed by Fawley to Hythe. and cross the water at that spot, or proceed to Dibden and Eling, and there cross to Soufli- am pton. ISLE OF WIGHT. Southampton is a most convenient spot from which to make an excursion to the Isle of Wight. The passage from Southampton to Cowes, the usual land¬ ing-place in Wight, is performed by regular steam-boats in little more than an hour. The passage from Portsmouth seldom exceeds half that time. The Isle of Wight (the Vecta or Vectis of the Romans) is separated from Hampshire by a beautiful channel, called the Solent Sea, the breadth of which varies from four to six miles, but at one point, near Hurst Castle, its breadth is only one mile. In this channel, though it contains no harbour of importance, there are many places of perfect security, where ships may ride at anchor. The best of these is Spithead, the great rendezvous of the British fleet in time of war. The form of the island is an irregular ellipsis, measuring 23 miles from east to west, and 13 miles from north to south. Its circumference is about 60 miles, and its superficial contents have been variously estimated at from 105,000 to 130,000 acres, of wliich a great portion is highly productive. It is said to have been formerly covered with woods, but to have been in a great measure denuded by its vicinity to Portsmouth, and the great demand of that naval arsenal foi timber. “ The face of the country may be rather described as undulating than as hilly though there is a range of hills, or rather downs, running from east to west through the island, with a few points of considerable elevation. There is a great variety of rural scenery, adorned with a great diversity of foliage ; and though there are few or no woods, yet, as the fields are enclosed within hedge¬ rows, among which fine trees, and especially stately elms, grow most luxuriantly these, added to the beauty of the verdant fields, present to the eye of the tra¬ veller a succession of most pleasing prospects. The two sides of the island pre¬ sent each a peculiar character. The northern side is marked by every thing that is rich, lovely, and picturesque ; the southern, or the part called the Bad of the Island, abounds in bold wild rocks, precipitous projections, ravines, fearful chasms, and other features of the imposing, and a few even of the sublime. In some parts, these opposite characters are greatly mingled. There is a peculiar scenery on the south side of the island, which is so striking to all strangers, as to require a special notice. It is a continued sinking of a tract of land, about seven miles in length, and from a-half to a-quarter of a mile in breadth. This singular district consists of a series of terraces, formed by fragments of rocks chalk, and sandstone, which have been detached from the cliffs and hills above and deposited upon a substratum of white mark This whole undercliff, for such is its common name, is completely sheltered from the north, north-west, and west winds, by the range of lofty downs or hills of chalk or sandstone, which rise boldly from the upper termination of these terraces, on elevations varying F 66 ISLE OF WIGHT. from four to six and seven hundred feet in height. The two extremities of the range are indeed higher, as St Boniface Down is 800 feet above the level of the sea, and St Catherine's Hill on the west nearly 900 feet. The protection afforded by this mountain barrier is greatly increased, by the very singular and striking abruptness with which it terminates on its southern aspect. This, in many places, consists of the bare perpendicular rock of sandstone ; in others of chalk, assuming its characteristic rounded form, covered with a fine turf and underwood.” * The river Medina, which, rising at the foot of St Catherine's Down, falls into the Solent Channel, at Cowes, divides the island into two hundreds of neariv equal extent, called respectively East and West Medina, the former compre¬ hending 14, the latter, 16 parishes. The population of tlie Isle of Wight is 66,000. Previously to the passing of the Reform Bill, the boroughs of Newport, Newton, and Yarmouth, returned each two members to Parliament, but Newton and Yarmouth are now dis¬ franchised, and four members are returned for the county, and one for the borough of Newport. The Isle of Wight was first invaded by the Romans, a. n. 43, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius, and they retained possession of it till 495, when it was reduced by Cedric the Saxon. It suffered severely during the wars of the Saxon heptarchy, and was also frequently plundered and devastated by the Danes. It was on various occasions invaded by the French, but in almost every attack they were beaten and driven back to their ships by the islanders, who had made s\ s- ematic preparations for their defence. After the naval superiority of Britain as established, this island was completely secured from the calamities of foreign invasion, and during the civil war between Charles I. and his Parliament, the inhabitants enjoyed comparative freedom from the prevailing commotions. The Lordship of the Isle of Wight was conferred by William the Conqueror on William Fitz-Osbornc, who is known in English history under the title of the Earl of Hereford, and for more than two centuries the island continued to be governed by its independent lords. But in 1293, Edward I. purchased the re¬ galities for the sum of L.4000 from Isabella de Fortibus, Lady of Wight, and, since that time, the island has been governed by wardens, appointed by tho Crown. The office has now become a sinecure, and it is understood that the present governor, Viscount Eversley, does not receive any salary. In the year 1644, the weak and unfortunate Henry VI. conferred the title of king of Wight on Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, and crowned him with his own hands; but the empty title expired with the nobleman who first bore it. The Isle of Wight derives additional interest from the fact of its having been of late years the frequent place of residence of the Queen, as in 1844 Her Majesty and the Prince Consort purchased the mansion of Osborne, with its park, and the adjoining estate of Barton. Osborne House is situated in the immediate neighbourhood of East Cowes, and near the north coast of the island. Since it has been in the possession of Her Majesty and the Prince, the original ntan> * Encyc. Brit. vol. xxi. p. 82. ISLE OF WIGHT.-NEWPORT. 67 eion has been greatly enlarged by the addition of a new wing, at the south-west corner of which is a massive tower which forms a conspicuous object for miles around, and the summit of which commands a magnificent and varied prospect. Population of Cowes, 5182. Hotel: The Gloster. On landing at Cowes, the tourist may proceed by railway, 4} miles, to NEWPORT, the capital of the island, a neat and thriving town, situated in a pleasant valley chequered with gardens and groves, and well-watered on the east and west by copious streams. Newport is the most ancient as well as the largest existing town of the island, and it contains a population of some 8000 souls. The parish church is a large plain structure, originally erected in the year 1172. It has, however, been frequently repaired. Here was discovered, in 1793, the coffin of the Princess Elizabeth, who died a prisoner in Carisbrook Castle, about a year and seven months after the execution of her father, Charles I. It was asserted that Cromwell had caused her to be poisoned, but Clarendon declares this accusa¬ tion false. The other places of worship in Newport are, several Episcopal chapels, with a Roman Catholic, and other Dissenting chapels. The Grammar School, erected in 1G19, is an object of some interest, as the place chosen for the memor¬ able conference between Charles I. and the Parliamentary Commissioners, which goes by the name of the Treaty of Newport. One of the best public buildings in Newport is a public library, called the Isle of Wight Institution, which was built by subscription in 1811, and is now well furnished with books and periodical publications. There are also two assembly rooms in the town, a Mechanic's In¬ stitution, and other societies for the promotion of science and education. In the immediate vicinity of Newport is the picturesque village of Carisbrook, once the capital of the island under the independent Lords of Wight. The church is of great antiquity, and is supposed to stand upon the site of a Saxon church, built some centuries before the Conquest. Adjoining the church are the remains of a priory of Cistertian Monks, founded by Fitz-Osbome, Earl of Hereford, but now converted into sheds and stables. Opposite to it, on a steep hill of nearly a circular form, stand the romantic ruins of Carisbrook Castle. Its ivy-clad towers and battlements have an eminently picturesque appearance. At the north-east angle, on a mount raised much higher than the other buildings, stands the Keep, the original fortress, supposed to have been built by the Saxons as early as the sixth century. In theeleventh century, the castle was considerably enlarged by Fitz-Osbome, who surrounded the whole with a fosse. Various addi¬ tions were made to it at different times, the last by Queen Elizabeth, when the outer walls, which still remain, were made to enclose about twenty acres ol ground. Among the curiosities pointed out to strangers is a well 300 feet deep, from which water is drawn up by means of a wheel turned by an ass. Another well, in the centre of the Keep, said to have been 310 feet deep, has been partially tilled up. The most memorable incident in the history of Carisbrook Castle, is the con- tmement of Charles I., who took refuge ltere after his Hight from Hampton 68 ISLE OF WIGHT -WOOTON BRIDGE. Court, Sth November 1G47. The Governor, Colonel Hammond, at first treated him as a guest, and placed no restriction on his movements. He was afterwards, however, subjected to close imprisonment, during the course of which he made several unsuccessful attempts to escape. The apartments in which he was con¬ fined are now ruinous, but a window is still pointed out as that by which he made the attempts to regain his liberty. After Charles’s execution, his two youngest children, the Duke of Gloucester and the Princess Elizabeth, became inmates of Carisbrook Castle. The latter died here, and the former, about two years after the death of his sister, was li¬ berated by the influence and advice of Cromwell. The old hunting-forest, called Parkhurst, which extended over nearly 4000 acres, and came close up to Newport and Carisbrook, is now so completely cut down, that scarcely any thing remains but brushwood. The walks through it are, however, still extremely pleasant. A delightful excursion may be made from Newport to the north-east, in the direction of Fernhill and Wotton Bridge. The mansion at Fernliiil was built by the late Duke of Bolton, when he was governor of the island. Behind it there is a plantation of noble trees, and the grounds are laid out in excellent taste. Wotton Bridge is a remarkably pretty village, on the left bank of the river Wotton, about 31 miles from Newport. About two miles from Wotton Bridge, on the shore of the Solent Strait, there is a place called King’s Quay where King John is said to have landed when he came to the Isle of Wight, after signing Magna Charta on the field of Runnymede. He remained three months in concealment in this neighbourhood, devising means to subvert the provisions of that charter. In the fine season of the year, a passage-boat goes and returns every day between Wotton Bridge and Portsmouth. At no great distance from this village is Osborne House, the residence of Her Majesty. Near this are Norris Castle and East Cowes Castle (Viscountess Gort.) Crossing the river Wotton, and passing a beautiful mount called Kite Hill, a delightful walk of 1| miles will bring the tourist to the ruins of Quarr Abbey. This once famous establishment was erected in the twelfth century by Baldwin de Rivers and Richard his son, who were both buried within its walls. It was dedicated to St Mary Magdalen, and the monks were of the Cistertian order. The abbey derived its name from the stone quarries in its neighbourhood, which furnished a great part of the stone cm ployed in building Winchester Cathedral. Of the abbey scarcely any part now remains except some of the outer walls, which are said to have enclosed thirty acres of ground, and a very small portion the abbey' offices, which have been converted into barns and other farm-build¬ ings. After the dissolution, Quarr Abbey was purchased by a Mr Mills of South¬ ampton. His son sold it to the Lord Chief Justice, Sir Thomas Fleming, with whose descendants it still remains. From Quarr Abbey', a pleasant footpath leads to the church yard of Binstead : a.rd a liMle farther on is the town of Ryde, whichj eighty years ago, was only a ISLE OF WIGHT—RYDE—APPULDERCOMBE. r, <) fishing-village, but is now a considerable and beautiful town, surrounded with groves, villas, and cottages. The views from the town and neighbourhood are very fine. East of Ryde, are Ryde House, St John’s, St Clare, Fairy Hill, and the Priory. A little farther on, near the mouth of Brading Haven, is the pretty village of St Helen's, built round a green near the sea. Striking inland, a plea¬ sant road will convey the tourist to the village of Brading, picturesquely situated on the slope of a hill at the bottom of Brading Haven. The church, which is supposed to occupy the site of the first church erected in the island in 704, is an interesting building, and contains some antique tombs. Close to the village stands the old mansion of Nunwell, the seat of Sir TI. Oglander, Bart., the repre¬ sentative of the oldest existing family in the island, whose founder, Richard Okelandro, came over with William the Conqueror. Their family chapel and burying-place are in the church of Brading. Population of Ryde, 9269 A short distance from Brading is the neat village of Yaverland, where there is a curious little church of great antiquity. From this point the tourist may return to Newport by Sandham Heath, Alverstone, and Ashey Down, from the summit of which there is one of the finest views in the island. Another excursion, frequently made from Newport, is that to Ventnor. Pro¬ ceeding by Carisbroolc the tourist, about 3 miles from Newport, reaches Gat- combe, a handsome modern mansion, pleasantly situated. It was formerly the seat of one of the Worslevs. About three miles farther on is the populous village of Godshill. The church, a large and venerable pile, stands in a verv picturesque situation, on the summit of a steep hill that rises in the centre of the village, and commands an extensive and beautiful prospect. This church was one of the six in the island which Fitz-Osborne, Earl of Hereford, bestowed along with the Priory of Carisbrook on the great Abbey of Lyra, in Normandy. In the interior of the church are the monuments of the Worsleys, from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century, together with the monuments of some of the Leighs of Derbyshire and the Wight, whose daughters transferred by marriage these possessions to the Worsleys, ancestors of Lord Yarborough. In the village of Godshill is a grammar-school, founded above 200 years ago by one of the Worsley family. About a mile to the south of the village is Appuldur- combe, which was long the seat of this ancient and honourable family. It stands on the site of a very old manor-house, and was begun in 1710 by Si. Robert Worsley, and finished by his grandson Sir Richard. The mansion has four regular fronts of the Corintuian order, and a handsome colonade facing the south. It contains a large collection of paintings, drawings, and statues, some of which were in the old manor-house for many generations. The sculptures and drawings were collected by Sir Richard, the last Baronet, during the course efan extensive tour through Egypt, Turkey, Italy, and Greece, during the years 1735- 7. The grounds, which are extensive, are laid out in admirable style, and adorned with line bcccli trees and venerable oaks. On the most elevated point, 70 ISLE OF WIGHT.—UNDERCLIFF.—YENTNOR there is an obelisk 70 feet high, erected to the memory of Sir Robert Worsley the founder of the present mansion. The ruins of a castle, called Cooks’ Castle, stand on the summit of a rocky hill about a mile distant. Sir Richard Worsley, 'he last Baronet, died here in 1813, and his niece, by her marriage, carried the mansion and estates to the first Earl of Yarborough. It. was in Appuldurcombe that Worsley’s History of the Isle of Wight was written. It was begun by Sir Robert, who died in 1747, continued by his son Sir Thomas, and finished and published by his grandson Sir Richard in 1781. A short distance from Appuldurcombe is tbe Undercliff* and watering-place of Yentnor, which, so late as 1830, was little more than a hamlet, but has now become a populous village, in consequence of being greatly resorted to as a winter residence for invalids. The scenery in the immediate neighbourhood is very delightful. YENTNOR. Hotels: The Royal, Marine, Esplanade, etc. Population, 3500. Rail from Ryde. Yentnor is very well deserving of a visit, on account of its picturesqueness and beauty. A little to the south-west of the Cove is Steephill, and about a mile and a half farther on, tbe romantic village of St. Lawrence, which contained the smallest church in Great Britain, it being only 25 feet long and 12 wide ; but an addition of 15 feet was made to tbe length a few years ago, so that the building is now 40 feet long. From the heights behind the village, the beauties of the Undercliff are seen to great advantage. A plea¬ sant road leads along the coast through Mirables to Sand Rock, where there is an excellent hotel. A romantic path leads from the hotel to a chalybeate spring, situated in the face of a bold gloomy cliff, about 130 feet above the level of the sea. Over the spring there is a pretty cottage, erected by Mr. Waterworth, a surgeon of Newport, who discovered its virtues in 1809. According to the analysis of Dr. Marcet, the Sand Rock spring contains a larger proportion of alum and iron than any other mineral water yet dis¬ covered. It has been found very useful in the cure of those disorders which arise from nervous affections and debility. A short distance from the spring is Black-Gang Chine, a gloomy fissure in the rock, formed by the action of a stream of water, running seaward from the interior of the island. In some places the cliffs on either side of it are 500 feet high. The rocks are almost black in colour. There is scarcely a trace of vegetation and the scenery is wild * The UnderelifTis a strip of land about six miles long and from a quarter to na.f a mile in breadth, which seems to have settled down and slipped towards the sea, exhibiting a jumble of rocks, overturned and broken mounds of earth, deep hollows, and numerous springs, forming falls of water, collecting into pools, and hurrying to the sea. (M. Simond). It appears that the Vndercliff has been formed by a succession of landslips. One of these took place in the yen'- /799, when a large tract of the high cliff, extending to from SO to 90 acres, near Niton, was, on a sudden, seen sinking and sliding towards the sea. Another of these landslips happened in the winter of 1810—1811, close to Bonchurch, and there was another in 1818. Sir James Clark is of opinion, that Torquay, in Devonshire, and the L T ndercliff, in the Isle of "Wight, are the twe aiaces on the English coast best suited to persons threatened with consumption. ISLE OF WIGHT.—LOSCOMBE CHINE.—THE NEEDLES. 71 and sublime. A large and commodious hotel stands immediately at the head of the chasm A short distance from this is the pretty village of Niton, at the foot of St Catherine’s Down, where there is a comfortable little inn, which may serve as a resting place and centre of observation for days, as all the most beautiful and striking scenes of the island are within short distances. Returning to Ventnor, a short distance to the east, is Bonchurch, a lovely spot abounding in tasteful villas. The little parish church is of Saxon or early Nor¬ man construction. The Undercliff commences at Bonchurch, and the tract be¬ tween this place and Niton is by far the most interesting part of the island A short wav far on is Luccombe Chine, and about a mile beyond it is Shankhn Chine* the most beautiful and most frequently visited of all those curious ra¬ vines, which form one of the most characteristic features of the coast of this island. Its appearance from below is as if the solid cliff had been rent in twain from top t 0 bottom. The sides of the chasm present a striking contrast,—the one is almost perpendicular, with comparatively little vegetation,-the other is more shelving, and is shaded with tall trees or wild brushwood, and enlivened by some cottages most picturesquely situated. The descent to the Chine is by a rude winding path in the sea-cliffs, near a quiet little inn. To vary the road the tourist may return to Newport by the villages of New- church and Arreton. On the Downs of Arreton are two large sepulchral bar- rows, which are generally referred to the period of the Danish invasion. Another delightful excursion, and the last we shall notice, is to the north-west if the island, in the direction of Freshwater Bay and the Neediest About 21 miles from Newport is a beautiful spot called Park Cross, which combines some of the finest features of a gentle rural landscape. A mile far¬ ther on is Swainston, the fine country seat of Sir John Simeon, Bart, which occu¬ pies the site of an ancient palace of the Bishops of Winchester. A little beyond is the small village of Calbourne, with its antiquated little church, and near it is West- over, the fine mansion of the Hon. W. IT. A. A’Court Holmes. Passing through a succession of shelving downs and quiet valleys we reach the river Yar, on the opposite bank of which is Freshwater village, the birth-place of the celebrated philosopher, Dr. Robert Hooke. At the western extremity of the singular pen¬ insula formed by the Yar are the Needles, and the stupendous rocks and cliff's of Scratchell’s, Alum and Tolland Bays. The Yar takes its rise just behind a creek called Freshwater Gate, in the centre of Freshwater Bay, and running due north, right across this end of the island, falls into the Solent Strait at Yarmouth. Near Freshwater is Norton Lodge, the seat of Admiral Sir G. E. Hamond, Bart., G.C.B. In Freshwater Bay there are two very remarkable isolated rocks —one • Sir Richard Worsley says the term “ chine” is applied to the backbone of an animal, which forms the highest ridge of the body. Hence the word chine may be thought peculiarly expres¬ sive of a high ridge of land cleft abruptly down. t The word Needles is supposed to be a corruption of Nieder/els, and signifies TTndcruiift, thus showing that precisely the same process took place with regard to the Needles Ihat Is now going on at St Catherine's Point — that these rocks were originally a lands'ip ivhien has hem wished bv the action of the sea into its present shape. 72 SCRATCHEI.L’S BAY.—THE KEEDLES.—PORTSMOUTH. of rather a conical form, and the other a hold nigged arch, which is now neam 600 feet from the cliffs of the island, of which it once formed a solid part. Freshwater Cave is a romantic cavern, about 120 feet in depth. The view from the interior, looking seaward, is at once curious and beautiful A little beyond it are three other caves of less magnitude. Scratchell's Bay is often visited by tourists. Its towering chalk precipices of the most dazzling whiteness are verv remarkable for their narrow streaks of black flint, which make them resemble “ a ruled sheet of paper.” The great object of attraction, however, is an im¬ mense cave, which is entered by a magnificent arch 150 feet in height The cliffs on this part of the coast are, in many places, 400 feet high, and afford shelter to the sea-fowl, which congregate here in prodigious numbers. Scratch- all's Bay is bounded on the north by the celebrated Needle rocks, which are five in number, though only three of them now stand boldly out of the water. They have been formed bv the action of the sea on the sharp point of land at the western end of the island. They are.white, with a black base, and curiously streaked with the alternate strata of flints. The tallest of these rocks, which was about 120 feet high, disappeared in the year 1764, its base having been worn through by the continual action of the sea. It is evident, that, from the opera¬ tion of the same cause, the present Needles will, at no distant period, wholly disappear, and that others will be formed in their stead out of the narrow extre¬ mity of the island. A lighthouse is built on the highest point of this western part of the island, at an elevation of 715 feet above the level of the sea. At the Needles the tide rises only eight feet, while at Cowes it rises fifteen feet. North¬ ward of the Needles is Alum Bay, which derives its name from the circum¬ stance of that mineral being frequently picked up on the beach. This bay pre¬ sents one of the most striking scenes on this coast. The cliff on one side con¬ sists of a vast precipice of chalk ; on the other it is beautifully variegated by a succession of strata of different coloured sands and earths,—white, black, red, blue, and yellow ; in some parts pure and unbroken, and in others blending into every variety of tbit. A very interesting voyage may be made round the island, and the magnificent scenery jus f noticed is seen to much greater advantage from the sea than from the land. The order in which the various places along the coast present them¬ selves in the course of this trip, may be learned by consulting the chart which aecojr panics this description. PORTSMOUTH. From Cowes or Ryde the tourist may proceed to Portsmouth, the strongest fortified town in England. Portsmouth is 73 miles from the General Post-Office, London, by the old mail road, and about 90 by railway; from Southampton it is 18 miles. It stands on an island, divided from the mainland by a small creek or arm of the sea. This island, called Portsea, is about fifteen miles in circum¬ ference and contains nearly 5100 acres of land of great fertility. The Romans p PORTSMOUTH 73 had a station at Porchester, on its northern shore ; and it is supposed that the Roman name for a harbour, Portus, has been transmitted to the modern PoiT- chester, Portsea, Portsmouth, Portsdown, and Gosport. Portsmouth is first no¬ ticed in the Saxon Chronicle, a. d. 501. Its favourable situation as a naval arsenal led at an early period to the works that have since distinguished it. Richard I. granted a charter to the town ; and it has lately been ascertained that there was a naval station here in the reign of John. Portsmouth was burnt by the French in the time of Richard II. It was fortified by Edward IV., Ri¬ chard III., and Henry VII.; and in the reign of Henry VIII. became the prin¬ cipal station of the English navy. During the great civil war, the town was garrisoned for the Parliament. Great additions have been made to its fortifica¬ tion, especially in the reigns of Charles 11., William III., and George III.; and it is now believed to be impregnable. The ruins of Porchester Castle are fine (See p. 36.) One of the great advantages of this place is that very fine anchorage known by the name of Spithead, which lies about half-way between the mainland and the Isle of Wight, but nearer to the latter. It is protected by the high land of the island from southerly winds, and from northerly and easterly winds by the main land. The entrance to the harbour of Portsmouth is very narrow, but with suft ficient depth of water for the largest ships. The channels by which vessels ap- proach the mouth of the harbour are commanded by batteries of such power that an enemy’s fleet, however strong, would be annihilated before it could reach even the entrance. Within the narrow gut at the entrance, on one side of which is Portsmouth, and on the other side Gosport, the water spreads out into a wide oasin, in which those ships of war that are under repair or preparing for sea are riding. About a mile and a-half from the entrance, the water branches off in various directions, and, by the help of the tide, is navigable to Farnham and to Porchester Castle, a pile of antiquity that will reward the curiosity of a visitor. As the town of Portsmouth is surrounded with walls, the streets are, for the most part, narrow, and consist of houses of inferior appearance. Some of the buildings are of ancient date: one especially, in the High Street, is worthy of notice, as being the dwelling in which Villiers, Duke of Buckingham was assassinated bv Felton in the reign of Charles I. The walls which surround the town are shaded by trees, and afford a good promenade for the inhabitants. The parish church is a venerable object, and is said to have been originally erected in 1220 ; but the chancel is the only part left of the original building. Its interior is very beautiful. At the west end is the tower, added in 1693 which is 120 feet in height. The walls of the church are adorned with a variety of handsome monuments. In the parish register is to be seen the registration of the marriage of King Charles II. with the Infanta of Portugal, 22d May 1662 Portsea stands to the north of Portsmouth, and contains the dockyard an the principal establishments connected with it. It is considerably larger than Portsmouth, and, like it, is strongly fortified. Outside the fortifications aro Sar.dport and Southsea, extensive suburbs, containing some Handsome houses. 74 PORTSMOUTH. The dockyard at Portsmouth may be regarded as the grand naval arsenni o( Britain, and the head-quarters or general rendezvous of the British fleet. The dockyard, accordingly, is the largest in the kingdom, covering nearly 120 acres, and every possible attention is paid to its extension and improvement. On the land side it is completely separated from the town by a wall 14 feet high ; and along the harbour it has a wharf-wall of nearly three-quarters of a mile. Strangers are admitted to the dockyard without any formal introduction. In the centre of the wharf-wall, facing the harbour, is the entrance into the great basin, the dimensions of which are 380 by 200 feet, and its area 2^ acres. Into this basin open four excellent dry docks ; and on each side is another dry dock, all capable of receiving ships of the largest class. Besides these, there is a double dock for frigates. There are also six building-slips, two of which are capable of receiving the largest vessels. The dockyard contains all the offices necessary for the construction and equipment of vessels. The block machinery invented by the late Sir Marc Isamburt Brunei (the engineer of the Thames Tunnel) is especially deserving of notice. The machinery, which is impelled by steam, is capable of producing 1400 blocks daily, and supplies the whole of the British navy. The number of men employed in Portsmouth dockyard during th" war was considerably above 4000, of whom about 1500 were shipwrights and caulkers, the remainder were joiners, smiths, sawyers, sailmakers, ropemakero, &c. On the eastern extremity of the dockyard are the houses and gardens of the Commissioner and principal officers of the yard, the chapel, the Royal Naval College, and the School of Naval Architecture. The dockyard has several times suffered considerable injury from fire. In 177G, it was set on fire by the notorious incendiary, Jack the Painter, who was executed for the crime at Winchester in 1777. The gun-wharf, adjacent to the dockyard, is an immense arsenal, consist¬ ing of various ranges of buildings for the reception of military and naval stores and artillery. The small armoury which contains upwards of 20,000 stand of arms, is a spacious building, and the great object of admiration. The victualling department has recently been removed to the opposite side of the harbour. The expense of this depository is said to have amounted to half a million of money. The storehouses are of vast dimensions. A special object of curiosity at this establishment, is the machinery substituted for manual labour in making biscuit. A fine new steam corn-mill, recently built at an expense of L.76,000, is also an object worth)' of attention. On the same side of the harbour is the noble building for tbe reception of sick and wounded seamen. Portsmouth and Portsea, with their suburbs, contain nine places of worship in connection with the Establishment; and those of Protestant Dissenters are still more numerous. There are also a Roman Catholic chapel and a Jewish svna gogue. Portsmouth enjoys a considerable foreign and coasting trade. The gross amount of custom’s duty collected in 1861 was £26,565. CHICHESTER. 7. r > The earliest known charter of the borough was conferred by Richard I., but the corporation is said to have been established by Henry I. It first returned members to Parliament 23d Edward I. The borough limits formerly included the town and parish of Portsmouth, but they were greatly extended by the Re¬ form Act. The enlarged borough returns two members to Parliament. The population of Portsmouth has greatly increased during the last 40 years. By the census of 1871 it amounts to nearly 113,000. On the western side of Portsmouth harbour is the market-town of Gosport. Early in 1840, a floating bridge was established, which plies across the harbour between these places every half hour. The distance is about a mile, and the passage is made under ten minutes. A second bridge is intended to be esta¬ blished. The population of the town of Gosport is 7789. The tourist may return to London either by the branch railway from Gosport, which joins the South-Western Railway at Bishopstoke, or by the South Coast Railway, by way of Brighton. (See chapters xxxiv. and xxxv.) At the distance of 17] miles from Portsmouth is the city of CHICHESTER, an Episcopal residence, and a place of very great antiquity. Chichester is situat¬ ed about seven miles from the western extremity of the county of Sussex. Its distance from London is 62 miles, south-west by south. It is placed near an Srm of the sea, on a gentle eminence, nearly surrounded by the little river La- nnt. Its site is supposed to be identical with that of the Roman Regnum. At the period of the Conquest, it was conferred on Roger de Montgomery, Earl ot Aleneon, who built a castle witbin the city walls. This fort was demolished in the first year of Henry I., and no traces of it now remain but an artificial mount of moderate height. During the great civil war, Chichester was held for the King by Sir Edward Ford, High Sheriff of the county ; but it was taken by Sii William Waller in 1642, after a siege of ten days. The cathedral and bishop's palace, together with several of the churches, suffered severely from the ravages of the Parliamentary soldiers. The city remained in the hands of the Parlia¬ ment during the remainder of the war ; and Algernon Sidney was governor in 1645. The city consists principally of four spacious streets, named after the four cardinal points, and meeting in one common centre, at which is an ancient oc¬ tangular cross, one of the most eiegant structures of the kind in England. Chi¬ chester is surrounded by an ancient stone wall, for the most part in a state of excellent repair. Two public walks, planted with fine trees, have been formed on the artificial mound of earth thrown up within the walls. The cathedral was erected in the twelfth century, but has undergone frequent repairs. It is adorned with a beautiful steeple, and contains portraits of all the kings of England down to George I., and of the bishops of Seises and Chichester till the Reformation 76 CniCUESTI'R. - MIDHUEST.—PETIVORTEI. Here are also to be seen some finely carved oak stalls; the chantry of St. Richard, an exquisite specimen of Gothic workmanship; and a monument, hy Flaxman, to the memory of the poet Collins, who was horn in this city in 1720 or 1721, and died here in 1756. Chillingworth, famed for doubting, was chancellor of this diocese, and was buried in the cloisters in 1G44. The other buildings worth)' of notice are, the Bishop’s Palace, the Deanery erected by Bishop Sherlock, the Council- room, the Guildhall, formerly the chapel of a monastery, and the Theatre. Chi¬ chester has seven parish churches, several meeting-houses, and charitable institu¬ tions. The present corporation is established under a charter of James I., but it has been a borough from time immemorial. It lias sent two representatives to Parliament since Edward I. a.d. 1295, but now only one. Pop. about 8000. At a short distance from Chichester is Gooclwooa, the splendid seat of the Duke of Richmond. It is of an oriel form, consisting of a centre and two wings. The principal front is 166 feet long, and each of the wings 106 feet. The park is nearly six miles in circumference, and is adorned with fine trees. Races are annually held here in Ju’y, and much resorted to. The course is singularly picturesque. The house contains a collection of valuable paintings and statues. The views from different parts of the grounds are rich and extensive. Within the demesnes of Goodwood were lately the ruins of Halnaker House, an interesting structure of considerable antiquity; but of late years it fell so fast into decay, that it became unsafe to visit parts of the ruins, and the greater part of these have now been taken down and sold. Half a mile to the south of Hal¬ naker are the ruins of the Priory of Boxgrove, founded by Robert de Ilaia in the reign of Henry I. The church and the refectory are the only remains of the conventual buildings. About nine miles from Goodwood is the pleasant watering-place of Bognor. Twelve miles from Chichester, on the London Road, is Midhurst, pleasantly situated near the Arun. It was an ancient borough by prescription, having re¬ turned representatives to Parliament since 4th Edward II. Since the Reform Bill, it has returned one member to Parliament. The population of the Pari, torough in 1851 amounted to 7021. Near the town, in the midst of a beautiful and extensive park, are the ruins of Cowdray House, once the magnificent seat of the noble family of Montagu. It was destroyed by fire 24th September 1793. The eighth Lord Montagu perished about the same time in the falls of Lauffen in Switzerland; and his only sister and heir married the late W. S. Poyntz, Esq., who erected a new house in the park, about a mile from the ruins. The latter is sow in possession of the Earl of Egmont. From Midhurst a road leads by Hasle- mere, Godaiming, Guildford, and Kingston to London. About 64 miles east of Midhurst, 12 north of Arundel, 14 north-east from Chichester, and 49 south-west from Loudon, is the town of Petworth, situated on a branch of the Arun. The church contains the remains of many of the Percies, Earls of Northumberland. Close beside the town is Petworth House, the magni¬ ficent mansion of Gen. Wyndham, erected by the proud Duke of Somerset. The CHTCHESTER CATHE1)UAL CHICIIESTER.-ARUNDEL.-WORTHING. 77 interior contains one of the finest collections of boohs, pictures, statues, and busts in the kingdom. Several of the rooms are hung with tapestry. Here is pi e- served the sword used by Hotspur at the Battle of Shrewsbury. The park wall is about twelve miles in circumference. The enclosure is beautifully undulated and graced with trees of the noblest growth. In front of the mansion is a sheet of water of considerable extent. Eleven miles from Chichester is the town of Arundel, situated on the south¬ ern declivity of the South Downs, at the base of which runs the river Arun. It is 56 miles distant from London, and 21 from Brighton. The town was incor¬ porated by charter of Elizabeth, and has returned members to Parliament since the reign of Edward I. The Reform Bill took away one of its representatives. Arundel is a place of great antiquity, and is mentioned in the will of Alfred the Great. At the Conquest, the earldom of Arundel was conferred upon Roger Montgomery, who made it his place of residence. From the Montgomerys it passed into the possession of the family of Albini ; from them to the Fitzalans; and from them, by marriage, to the Howard family, its present possessors. The principal object of attraction is the splendid baronial castle, the residence of the Duke of Norfolk. It is of veiy remote antiquity, and must have existed in the Saxon times, as Caatrum Uarwulel is assessed in Doomsday Book. It is a quad¬ rangular Gothic building, enclosing about five acres and a-half of ground, the walls being from five to twelve feet in thickness, and the ground plan very nearly resembling that of Windsor Castle, with a circular keep in the middle, raised on a mount 110 feet in height from the fosse below on the outside. It proudly overlooks the whole castle, and is a conspicuous object from the surrounding country. It is in perfect preservation, but is almost entirely overgrown with ivy. The castle has undergone various sieges, during the last of which, in 1643-4, it suffered so severely from the Parliamentary troops under Sir William Wal¬ ler, that it ceased to be the residence of its noble possessors till the time of Charles, eleventh duke, by whom it was restored to its ancient magnificence. Its internal arrangements and decorations are eminently calculated to exhibit the talent and taste of that nobleman. Among the many specimens of the arts with which it is adorned, are several curious paintings of the Howard family ; a large window of painted glass in the dining-room ; and the Baron's Hall, ornamented with a painted window of the signing of Magna Charta. Arun¬ del Castle enjoys the peculiar privilege of conferring the dignity of earl on the possessor without any patent or creatior from the Crown ; a privilege not enjoyed by any other place in the kingdom. The Church of St Nicholas, a handsome Gothic edifice, contains some splendid monuments of the Earls of Arundel. A noble town-hall has lately been erected by the Duke of Norfolk. The river Arun is famous for the rich and delicate mullet which it produces. It is con¬ nected with Portsmouth by means of the Porstmouth and Arundel CanaL Arun¬ del is a bonding port. The trade is principally in timber, coal, and corn. The population is 3000. NEW SHOREHAM—STEVNINU. 7h South-east from Arundel, on tlie coast, is the watering-place of Worthing, which, from an obscure village, has within the space of a few years risen to great popularity as a sea-bathing place. It is 10 miles west of Brighton, 20 east of Chichester, and 57 south of London. It possesses the advantage of a fine, firm, level sand, affording the utmost facility for bathing, even in the most tempestuous weather ; and opportunities for exercise, either on horse or foot, for several miles. The climate is so mild, that myrtles and fig-trees grow in it to great perfection. The scenery in the neighbourhood is remarkably picturesque. The town contains a chapel-of-ease and four dissenting chapels. The houses, though not large, are commodious ; and it is well supplied with libraries, baths, and other accommodations for visitors. Population 5805. A few miles to the east of Worthing is the borough of New Shoreham, at the mouth of the Adur. It has the best harbour on this part of the coast, and carries on an extensive foreign and coasting trade. A noble suspension- Lridge was built over the Adur in 1833, at the expense of the Duke of Nor¬ folk, which has considerably shortened the distance between Worthing and Brighton. The church is an ancient and interesting building, supposed to have been erected in the twelfth century : it was repaired and beautified in 1822. The proportions and decorations of its interior are particularly elegant and graceful. The borough returned two members to Parliament from 23o Edward I. till 1770, when an act passed extending the right of election to all persons possessing freehold property to the annual value of L.2 within the rape of Bramber, except what is included in the borough of Horsham. New Shore- ham is six miles distant from Brighton, with which town it is connected by the South Coast Railway. The population, in 1861, of the pari, borough was 32,622. About six miles to the north of New Shoreham is Steyning, at the foot of a hill near the Adur. It was a borough by prescription, and returned two mem¬ bers to Parliament from the 26th Edward I., but is now disfranchised. The town has been recently much improved, both in buildings and in general ap¬ pearance. The church is very ancient, and is considered a fine specimen of Norman architecture. In 1861 the population was 162C. In its immediate vi¬ cinity is the insignificant borough of Bramber, now also disfranchised. Here are some remains of a castle which seems to have once been a pit ce of great strength and size. About ten miles from Steyning is the town of Brighton. XXXIV. LONDON TO PORTSMOUTH. BY BRIGHTON ANI) SOUTH 79 COAST RAILWAYS, 95 Miles. £ 7 E o ON RIGHT FROM LOXD. E £ ON LEFT FROM LOND. t-P ' T J From London Bridge 50^ 44* to Brighton (p. '23). Tunnel under Windmill Hill, 20b yards CO Hove St. 51* Port si a de ; on tlie Downs to the northward is the Devil’s Dyke, a vast The line here runs on an embankment, with a view of the English Chan¬ nel on the left. Ruins of Aldrington church, probably the site of the Roman Portus natural amphitheatre in the hills, much resorted to by visitors from Brighton, 5 miles distant. The summit of the ad¬ jacent hill commands a .most extensive, splendid, and varied prospect. 40* 54f Adurni. Southwick St. 1 Portslade House. 39J Kingston St. 55* Kingston has a wharf. ( Kingston House. wth some trade, and os- Buckingham Houoo, II. The line here runs along hunts an active appear C. Bridger, Esq. the north side of the inlet which forms Shoreham harbour. ance Bramber, 3 miles distant, on the east bank ; and, 1 38J Shoreham St. 5 61 mile beyond, Steyning, on the west bank, of the river Adur. 45*0 cr. river Adur. Sompting. Broadwater. 3GJ Lancing St. AS j Cisburv Hill, 2} miles 34 WORTHING p. 77). 61 1 distant, is the site of a Ro¬ man encampment. The station is but a short distance from the town. Highdovvn Hill, 4 miles The entrance into the to the north-west of latter is remarkably pleas- Worthing (on the summit mg. of which is the tomb of an eccentric millert, deserves Rccne. • visit, on account of the beautiful prospect which it commands, and which includes Chancton- bury Ring, also the site of a Roman camp. Castle Goring, Sir G. R. 31a Goring St. 634 Goring. Irookc Pechell, Bart. E&jt Preston. Michelgrove Park. , Poling t 29 Angmering St. 68 Rustlngton. 80 LONDON TO PORTSMOUTH— Continued. Bail worth Park. The town of Annul el is 2 miles distant from the station, to and from which passengers are conveyed by omnibuses (see p. 77). i Arundel Castle (Dukej of Norfolk) Tortingtnn. Madehurst Lodge, 3j miles. Walberton House, R. Prime, Esq. Slindon Lodge, Countess of New¬ burgh. Dale Park, J. Abel Smith, Esq. A vis ford House. Aldingbourne House, R. flasler, Esq. Oving. Boxgrove Priory, 2J miles. Halnakcr House, 3 miles, Goodwood Park^milcs, Duke of Richmond tsee p. 76>- Rumhold’s Wyke. Salt Hill F.Smith, Esq.; Northlands; Oakwood, J. Baring, E c q. ; Sioke House, Sir Henry Roper; j6 miles distant, West Dean House, Rev. V. Harcourt. Funtington. Racton. Westborne;—1* mile be¬ yond, Woodlands, and Stan stead House. 204 231 21 18 Arundel and Little- hampton St. cr. river Arun. Ford St. Yapton St Bognor St. Bognor, 3 miles distant, is a retired watering-place, frequented during th bathing season. Drayton St. e point of depar fur Goodwood). 16 1 CHICHESTER (p. 75). 13 Bosham St. Emsworth St. From J London | ON LEFT FROM LOND. 68.t Littlehampton is a re¬ tired and pretty watering- place at the mouth of the Arun : it is 4 miles distant by road from Arundel. i 74 Bamham. Arundel and Ports¬ mouth Canal. 74 At Bognor is Arrant Lodge. 77 79 Fishboume. Chichester Harbour. ■ 82 1 86 The village of Ems¬ worth is situated on the north side of an extensive inlet of the coast, partly occupied by Thorney and Hayling Islands, the latter of which is resorted to by visitors during the LONDON TO PORTSMOUTH— Continued. *S1 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. ° £ From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND Warblington. 7 Havant St. 88 Bedhampton. Farlington. Purbroolt House. Two nnd a-half miles neyond Havant is branch railway (by Cosham) to Fareham, on the Gosport Junction liue (see below). Hillsea. Kingston. Portsmouth Harbour. Porchester Castle, ruins. Havant is a small and neat market town. Popu¬ lation, 2470. Along north side of Langston Harbour. Enter Portsea Island. PORTSMOUTH. 95 Adjacent to Portsmouth on the south-east is South- sea, resorted to as a bath¬ ing-place during the sum¬ mer season. 1 XXXV. LONDON TO PORTSMOUTH (GOSPORT), BY SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY, 90 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. The railway between Bishopstoke and Gosport traverses a richly wooded and varied tract of coun¬ try, adorned with nume¬ rous seats and villages. Botley. Funtley. Blackbrook. Hcathlield T itch field, 2 miles. Foxbury. Rowner. Alverstoke. Haslar Hospital, for the reception of sick and wounded seamen: it is ca gable of accommodating! ■wO men at one time. Jtf 10 From Waterloo Road to Bishopstoke St. (p. 56). Cross valley of Itchen by Allington viaduct cr. river Hamble. Botley and Bishop’s ! Waltham St. Tapnage Tunnel, 20U yards. cr. Titchfield riv. i Fareham Tunnel, 600 yards. Fareham St. (p. 37). Along west side of Portsmouth Harbour GOSPORT. On opposite side of harbour is PORTSMOUTH. E o P'S ON LEFT FROM LOND 85 90 80 Leave main line Southampton. Allington. Durley. Bishop’s Waltham. 31 mil s :p. 40 1 . Wickham,} m. tp. 37) : near it. Park Place, and Rookesbury, W. Gnrnier. Esq. Uplands Home. .T. Brardinore, Esq.—Rnclie; Court, Sir J. B. W. Srnythe Gardicer, Bart. From Fareham a branch railway proceeds eastward to Portsmouth,passing [by Porchester and Cosham , along the base of Ports- down, and round the earl side of Portsmouth ha- ! hour. The distance from Fareham to Portsmouth by this route is 9 miles, making the total from London 94 miles. Fleetland House: and, on opposite aide of 1.ar¬ bour, Cams House, 11 P. Deimd, Esq. G 82 XXXVI. LONDON TO GUILDFORD AND FARNHAM, BY SOUTH¬ WESTERN RAILWAY, 41$ Miles. : UN RIGHT FROM LOND. Leave main line to Win¬ chester and Southampton. 161 From Waterloo Road to Woking St. (p. 51). £ S Worplesdon. Cross small feeders of river Wey. 11 GUILDFORD 'p. 34). 304 Henley Park. Branch to Reading, pass¬ ing by Farnborough St. on the South Western line (see p. 185). Tamil am Castle, Bishop of Winchester. 44 The line between Guild ford and Ash is also used as part of the Reading, Guildford, and Reigate line (see p. 185). Ash St. Cross coach road from Guildford to Farn- bam. FARNHAM (p. 37). 37 41-] ON LEFT FROM LOND. Village of Woking, 1$ miles. Ripley, 4 miles; near it, Ockham Place, Earl of Lovelace. Send, 2 miles ; near it, Sutton Place.—Stock PI. | Clandon Park, Earl On¬ slow, 2 miles. Branch toGodalming,4m Line of chalk hills, forming part of the North Downs, here called the Hog’s Back, on the top of which runs the coach road between Guildford and Farnham. Near this road j is Hampton Lodge (H. L. I Long, Esq.) Poyle Park. Near Farnham is Moor Park (see p. 37, 38), and 1 mile distant, Waverley . Abbey, the seat of the late Lord Sydenham. XXXVII. LONDON TO SALISBURY, BY SOUTH-WESTERN RAILWAY, 96 Miles. £■= £§ ON RIGHT FROM LOND. C — From Waterloo Road to Ilishopstoke St. 22 74 Hursley Park, Sir W. Ueathcote, Bart., 2 miles. 20 (p. 50). Chandler's Ford St. 76 Amfield Wood. Timsbury. ^2 cr. Andover Can. Micliaelmarsh. Mottisfont. 15 Romsey St. 81 cr. river Anton, East and West Tytlier- ley; near the latter, Ty- which continues to the right of the line for some tuerley House: beyond, Norman Court, C. B. 11 Dunbridge St. 85 Wall, Esq. Enter Wiltshire. East Grirnstead. Clarendon Lodge, SirF. 7 Dean St. 89 H. H. Bathurst, Bait, (see p. 42). Luverstock House, a la- SALISBURY (p. 42). 96 natic asylum. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Leave main line to Southampton. Chilworth, 13miles; near it, Chil worth House. Baddesley House. For account of Romsey, see p. 104. Fast Dean. West Giimstead. Aldsrbury House. Loigford Castle (Earl of Radnor), 1$ mile; and near it, New Hall. XXXVIII. LONDON TO POOLE, WAREHaM, AND DORCHESTER, BY 83 SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY, 141 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Bannister House. Ereemantle Park, Sir G. H. llewett, Bart. Shirley House, Sir C. H. Rich, Bart. Millbrook. Test wood House, Miss Bourne. Lyndhurst, 2$ :n. fp.C3). £■= £q 61 59 56 53 From Waterloo Road to Southampton (p. 56). Pass along shore of Southampton Water. Blechynden St. cr.head of South¬ ampton Water at mouth of river Test. Redbridge St. EnterNew Forest(see p. 58). Lyndhurst Road St. 80 82 85 88 50 Lyndhurst, 3| miles. 45 Wilverley House. Burley Park. Uddings, E. H. Great- hed, Esq.; and 2 m. beyond, Gauut’s Home, Sir It. P. Glyn, Bart.; further to right, Horton Park. Wimborne Minster, 1 m. distant, is a market-town of great antiquity, situated on the banks of the river Stour. A nunnery was established here in the be¬ ginning of the 8th century, on the site of which the minster, or collegiate church, was afterwards built. Ethelred, brother of King Alfred, was buried here. Pop. 1SG1, 2271. 2 m. beyond is Kingston Lacy. Merley House. Henbury House, 2A m. Lytchet Minster, Sir C. E. Scott, Bart. South Lytchet House. Charborough House, i. S. W. S.E.Drax, Esq.,G is. 41 35 26 20 15 cr. Lymington Water. Brockenhurst St. Cross Lymington and Ringwood turnpike road. Holmesley St, Leave New Forest. Ringwood St. (p. 61). cross river Avon, and 3 m. beyond, en¬ ter Dorsetshire. cr. river Stour. Wimborne St. 91 96 100 106 115 Lytchet Common. Poole Junction St. 121 iPass along shore of | Wareham Harbour. LlM cr. river Piddle. WAREHAM ST. 126 j Wareham is a small and 'ancient borough, situated! .between the livers From© ON LEFT FROM I.OND. On opposite Yank of Southampton Water, Marchwuod House. Eling. A;hurst Lodge. Beaulieu (Duke ot Buc- eleucli), 4 m. (p. 64). Brockenhurst Park. Lymington, 4 milea. Wallhampton, Rev. Sir G. Burrard, Bart Christchurch, 7J miles) (p. 02), and near it Sand hills, W. Rose, Esq., and Heron Court, Earl of Malmesbury. Holmesley Lodge. Canford Magna. Canford House, Sir I. B. Guest, Bart. Branch to Poole, 2 m and 5 m. from Poole,Stud land, iu the Isle of Pur- heck. Corfe Castle, M m. dis I Itint, is a small town situ- lated in the district called Ithe Isle of Purbevk. The! 84 LONDON TO POOLE, WAREHAM, AND DORCHESTER— Coiilinwd. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Stokeford. Moreton. Woodsford. Ilsington House. Kingston House. Stinsford. n and Piddle, across each of which is a bridge. It had formerly 8 churches, now reduced to 3. Here was formerly a priory, found¬ ed in the 8th century. Much of the clay dug m the Isle of Purbeck is 'brought to this place and forwarded to Poole, to be shipped for the Stafford¬ shire potteries. Wareham returns one M.P. Pop. of Pari, bor., 6500. Along valley of river Frome. Wool St. Moreton St. DORCHESTER (p. 44). 131 136 141 castle from which its name is derived is now in ruins. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the neigh bouring clay-works and stone quarries. Corfe Cas tie is now included in the borougn of Wareham. Fop- 1900. Near Corfe Caotle is Encombe, a seat of the Earl of Eldon. Holme. Isle of Purbeck. Bindon Abbey. Lulworth Castle, J. Weld, Esq., 3 miles. Weymouth, 10£ miles. West Knighton. Whitcombe. Came Abbey. XXIX. HASTINGS TO ASHFORD, CANTERBURY, AND MARGATE, BY RAILWAY, 71 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM HAST From Margate. From Hastings. ON LEFT FROM HAST. Fairlight. Bromham Park, Sir A. Asliburnham, Bart. Guestliug. Icklesham. Hastings In the distance, Beau- port, Sir C. Lamb, Bart., and beyond. Crow hurst Park. Winchelsea Castle, in ruins. 62 WINCHELSEA St. (p. 29). 9 Udimore. East Guildford. 60 RYE St. (p. 29). 11 Leesham House, and beyond, Church Place. Playden. Snargate and Brenzatt. Appledore St. IS 1 HASTINGS TO ASHFORD, kc.—Continued. 85 ON EIGHT FEOM HAST. From I Margate, j 1 From | Hastings. ON LEFT FEOM HAST. Warehorn. Kenardington. 50 HAM STREET St. 21 Orlestone. Mersham Hatch, Sir N. Knatchbull, Bart. 44 ASHFORD St. 27 Kingsworth. Here join the South Eastern Railway, and proceed to MARGATE, as in p. 10. 71 ♦ XL, HASTINGS TO BRIGHTON, CHICHESTER, SOUTHAMPTON, AND DORCHESTER, BY RAILWAY, 157 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM HAST. From Dorches. tx u ON LEFT FROM HAST Branch to Hayward’s Heath, on the Brighton line (p. 24). 1324 From Hastings (St Leonards) to Lewes, as in p. 26. 244 Lewes and Hastings turnpike road. The line between Lewes and Brighton passes be¬ tween the ranges of chalk hills, with several deep cuttings. Kingston. Lewes ract course. Kingston Tunnel, 90 yards. 1 Hahnar 128 J Fa’.mcr St. 224 86 HASTINGS TO BRIGHTON. CHICHESTER, 4w>- Continue*. ON RIGHT FROM HAST. From 1 Dorches 1 ' e “1 6» 1 ON LEFT FROM HAST. Stanmer Park Earl of Chichester. Falmer Hill Tunnel, 602 yards. Cross Brighton and Lewes turnpike road. The viaduct by which the Hastings branch joins the main line is de¬ servedly admired : it consists of 27 arches, of which that which crosses the London road is el¬ liptical, with a span of 50 feet, and at a height above the ground of 73 feet. The other arches are semicircular, and of 30 feet span. The total longth of the viaduct is 400 yards. Bedhampton, and BeF mont Castle. 1244 87 Ditchling Road Tunnel, CO yards. Cross London road by curved viaduct, 330 yards long, and enter BRIGHTON. Thence by South Coast Railway, past Worth¬ ing, Arundel, and Chichester, to Havant St. (p. 81). 32J 70 Brighton Barracks. 2J miles beyond Ha¬ vant, line to Portsmouth branches off (see p. 81k Farlington. Purbrook House, 1 mile. The line here runs along the base of Portsdown, 447 feet high (see p. 3(3). Langston Harbour. Portsea Island. Wimmering. Southwick Park, T. Thistlethwayte, Esq., 2 miles. Nelson’s Monument, on top of Portsdown. 83 81 78 Cosham St. Porclaester St. Fareham St. 74 76 79 Portsmouth, by road, 3$ miles. Portsmouth Harbour. Porehcstcr Castle, pro¬ bably the site of a Roman station (see p 73). Cams House, II. T. Delm6, Esq. From Fareham to Bishopstoke (as in p. 81). Branch to Salisbury, 22 miles (see p. 82j. 67 Bishopstoke St. 90 61 SOUTHAMPTON, (p. 56). 96 | Thence to Dorchester, as in pp. B3-S4. Slinsford. DORCHESTER. Csune Abbey. \L\. PORTSMOUTH OR GOSPORT) TO SALISBURY, BY RAILWAY, 87 42 or 38 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM PORTS. if From Portsm. ON LEFT FROM PORTS. Railway to Chichester, 13 miles. 38 From Portimout.i to 1 'osham St. 4 Portsmouth Harbour. 13 21 fierio*' to Farei.am St. (p. 81). Thence to Bishopstoke St. (p.81) 9 20 Junction of line from Gosport, 5 miles. Thence to SALISBURY (p. 82). 42 (or by Gosport branch). 38 XLII. LONDON TO RICHMOND, STAINES, AND WINDSOR, BY SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY, 26 Miles. In the distance, Chel¬ sea Hospital, on the further bank of the Thames. Battersea Park. llivcr Thames, and be¬ yond, villas of Lady Shel¬ ley, lit. Hon. L. Sulivan, &c. Putney College, lately used as a school for en¬ gineers, but now empty. On the opposite side of the Thames, Fulham Palace (Bishop of London.) Barnes Elms Park, Barnes, i mile distant, i3 a pleasant village on the banks of the Thames. I 10 24 21 20 2G From Waterloo Road to Vauxhall St. (p. 50 .) Wandsworth St. Viaduct across river Wandle, 1000 feet. Putney St. Putney, which is con¬ nected by i wooden bridge with Pulliam, on the op¬ posite ban t of the Thames, was the birth-place ot Thomas Cromwell, and also of Gibbon the histo¬ rian. Pop. of parish, C481 Across Barnes Com¬ mon to Barnes St. ON LEFT FROM LOND. A short distance be¬ fore Wandsworth station, leave main line to South¬ ampton. Handsome and exten¬ sive almshouses of the Fishmongers’ Co. Wandsworth. Putney Park, Earl of Ripon, and beyond, Wim¬ bledon Common and Wimbledon Park, (Earl Spencer.) now subdivided for villas. East Sheen. Roehampton, 1 mile. The Priory (lit,. II on- Sir J- L. Knight Bruce). 83 LONDON TO RICHMOND, STAINES, AND IYIX DSO R— Con Untie j. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. — O Kew Gardens, 120acres in extent, contain a choice collection of exoticplants, and are laid out with much taste. The con¬ servatory is the largest in the empire. They are open to the public, and form a favourite place of resort to the people of the metropolis. Here are also a royal palace, the fa¬ vourite residence of Geo. III., and an observatory. Kew, 1£ mile. Kew Park. 17 16 Twickenham Park. St. Margaret’s. ? — A loop line here branches off on the right, and, cross¬ ing the Thames, rejoins the main line near Hounslow, after passing by Chiswick, Kew, Brentford, and Isle- worth. Mortlake St. 9 RICHMOND, noted for the beauty of the sur¬ rounding scenery; the view from Richmond Hill is probably the finest in the vicinity of London Here the Star and Garter Hotel occupies a remarkably fine situa¬ tion, and is famous alike for the prospect it commands, and the dinners it affords. The view from the windows extends over a country almost unequalled in beauty, and rendered classic by Pope, and Thomson, and Horace Walpole. Richmond Park, one of the most charming of the Royal domains, is much resorted to by Londoners. This Park is 8 miles in cin-uit, and contains 2253 acres. Pop. ot Richmond 7423. cr. river Thames, and enter Middlesex. 10 Islewovth and Sion House (Duke of Nor¬ thumberland), lj mile. Whitton Dean House. Kneller Hall. Whitton Park. Two miles beyond Twickenham station, the loop line from Barnes re- joins the main line. Hounslow, 1 mile dis¬ tant (see p. 97). Popu¬ lation, 5760. Hounslow Heath. 14 } Twickenham St. 11 } Twickenham, a village on the Middlesex bank of the Thames, presents some pretty scenery, and possesses interest from hav¬ ing been the residence of Pope, whose villa has, however, been taken down; the grotto which he constructed in the grounds still remains, wi$h an obelisk which he erected to the memory of his mother. Pope was buried in Twickenham church, and there is a monument to him in one of the galleries «Here too is Orleans House, occupied foi some time by the late King of the French while Duke of Orleans, and first a refugee in this country. It is again the property of the Orleans fa¬ mily. Pop. of parish 8077. 11 Feltham St. 15 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Sheen common; and, beyond, Richmond Park. In the latter are White Lodge, occupied by H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, and Pembroke Lodge, held for life by Lord John Russell. nere the line skirts Richmond Green and the remains of the old palace of Richmond. Queensberry Villa, Sir J. B. Dundas, Bart. Richmond Bridge, and, beyond, on the Surrey side, Queensberry House |(Duke of Buccleuch.) Marble Hill, Genera Jonathan Peel. To Hampton Court, through Bushy Park 3^m. On the farther bank of the river, opposite Twick¬ enham, is Ham House (Earl of Dysart). Bushy Park was occupied bv his late Majesty, William IV., when Duke o! Clarence, and afterwards by his widow, the late Queen Dowager, it contains a magnificent avenue of hor.-e-chesnut trees, planted uuder the di¬ rection of William III. Strawberry Hill, 1 mile, once the residence of Horace Walpole (Earl of OrlordJ, whose celebrated collection of paintings, sculptures, and yanous objects of interest, was dispersed by public anc- . lion in 1C43. at the instance of ttwo 7Ui Earl Wald eg rave, j Hanworth Park, 1 mile. , Kenton Park, 2 miles. | VIEW FROM RICHMOND HILL. LONDON TO RICHMOND, STAINES, AND WINDSOR— Continued. 8!) ON RIGHT FROM LON I). £ ^ i o.9 £> I East Bed font. Stanvvell, If m.; and' Stan well Place, Sir J. | Gibbons, Bart Staines is a market town on the banks of the Thames, near the western boundary of Middlesex An ancient stone near the church, which bears the date of 1280, marks the limit of the jurisdiction possessed by the corpora¬ tion of London over that portion of the Thames which is to the westward of the metropolis. Popu¬ lation of town, 25S4. 8 Gf 4 Ashford St. Over Shortwood common. STAINES. go ON LEFT FROM LONI) Er. C Feltham Park. I 1 8 j Ashford Lodge. 19J Laleham,Earl of Lucan. D uncroft House. cr river Coin, and enter Bucking¬ hamshire. Wraysbury (or Wyrardisbury) St. On the opposite side of the Thames is Egham, and near it the famous Runnemede; a short dis¬ tance beyond which is an island in the river (called Magna Charta Island), where the great charter was signed in 1215. Old Windsor. Horton. i Ditton Park, Duke of| Buccleugh. Eton, (see pp. 90 and 98 ) Datchet St. I^Scr. river Thames. I WINDSOR. The village of Datchet is si¬ tuated amongst beautiful mea¬ dows. The admirer of Shale- Ispeare will naturally associate with this place the immortal poet’s matchless delineation of , the amorous Falstaff, and the I humorous retaliation of the “Merry Wives of Windsor.* 24 25 Windsor is an ancient borough situated on the south bank of the Thames, 15 miles east of Reading, and 22 miles distant from London by the road through Brentford, Hounslow, and Colnbrook. It possesses an ancient church, a theatre, barracks, and a good free school, and returns one member to Parliament. The town has no manufactures, and possesses in itself little to interest the stranger but the attractions of the adjacent castle make it the frequent resort of visitors especially since the facility of communication afforded by the opening of the railways. Population, 12,000. Windsor Castle has been the principal seat of British royalty for nearly eight centuries. The Saxon kings had a palace at Old Windsor long previous to the Conquest. The present castle was founded by William the Conqueror, but was almost rebuilt bv Edward III., with the assistance of the celebrated William of Wykeham, who was made clerk of the worke. Great alterations were made by Sir Jeffry Wyatville during the reign of George IV. St George’s Chapel is a splendid specimen of florid Gothic architecture. It contains the stalls of the Knights of the Garter; and here the ceremony of installation takes place. At the east end of the chapel is the royal vault, where the remains of George III. and his Queen, George IV., the Princess Charlote, the Duke of Kent, the Duke of York, William IV. and his Queen, &c., are deposited. Edward IV. and his Queen, Henry VI., Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour, and Charles I., are also XI.III. LONDON TO BATH THROUGH MAIDENHEAD, READING, NEW- 91 BURY, MARLBOROUGH, aud DEVISES, 1075 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From Bath. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Hyde Park, site of the 105J Kensington. ij Old Brompton. Crystal Palace. Kensington Palace (p. 40.) Holland Ilonse, Lord 1031 Hammersmith. 4 Holland, (p. 40). Gunnersbury House, the Baron Rothschild. 1025 Turnham Green. 5 Chiswick House,Duke of Devonshire. Here the famous horticultural fetes Sion llill House, and Boston House. Wyke House. Osterley Park, Earl of Jersey. o O Brentford. Here are the enormous distilleries of the late Sir Felix Booth, Bart. 7 were held. Richmond, 2£ miles distant. (See p. 88.) Sion House, Duke of Northumberland, lies low, but is a very mas¬ sive and extensive build¬ ing. Its enormous size conveys an idea of grandeur, which excites a peculiar feeling of res- Spring Grove. 935 Smallbury Green. 9 pcct. The park and grounds are laid out with great taste, and orna¬ mented with a profusion of wood and water. The house is said to contain 365 windows, to equal Heston and Heston House. 97$ Hounslow. (The road here leads to Staines on the left). 9| in number the days in a year. Worton House. Whit ton Dean. Whit ton Park. Cranford Park. Darlington. 95 Cranford Bridge. 12} Sunbury, 3^ miles. Hatton. Sipson. Hannonds 1 worth. Iver Grove. Langley Lodge, J. Jackson, Esq. Langley Marsh, and at a little distance, tang¬ le v Park. 935 92 905 The Magpies. Longford. •*^0 er. river Coin. Colnbrook. To Windsor by Datchct, 35 miles. 14 135 17 TTcath Row. Stanwell Place, Sir J. Gibbons, Bart. Ditton Park, Duke of Buccleugli. Datchct. Wexham. Stoke Place. Baylis House (Lord Godolphin) once the scat of Philip Dormer, Earl of Chesterfield. It is now used as a Roman Catholic School. 8GJ Slough. 1 mile distant is Stoke Pogcs,where the poet Gray is buried, and a monument is erected to his memory in Stoke Park, one of the finest seats in Bucks, and the propertyof the Kt.IIon. H. Laboucherc. It for¬ merly belonged to the des¬ cendants of Wm. Penn of Pennsylvania. 20$ Upton. Chalvcy Grove. Burnham Grove. Eton and Windsor. 92 LONDON TO BATH THROUGH NEWBURY, &c, -Continued. ON BIGHT TE03J BOND. Farnlmm Royal. Burnham. Hitcham. Taplow. Taplow House, and at adistance,Forniosa Place, SirG. Young, Bart; Hed- sor Lodge, Lord Boston, and Dropmore. 44 m. distant is Hur¬ ley Place, an ancient man¬ sion, in a vault below which the principal pa¬ pers which produced the Revolution of 1688 were signed. Stubbings, H. Skrine, Esa Hall Place, Sir G. E. C. East, Bart. Bear Hill. Bear Place. Wargrave. In it s church is tne monument of T. Day, author of Sandford and Merton. Shiplake House, J. Phillimore, Esq. Holme Park, Robert Palmer, Esq. 8GJ Salt-Hill, the scene of the Eton Mon- tem till its suppression in 1848. cr. the Thames 21 80J MAIDENHEAD. At the Greyhound Inn in this town, Charles I. took leave of his family. Pop. 3S95. Maidenhead Thicket. 27 " 5 * Hare Hatch. 32 73 £ Twyford. Here is a small part of Wilts. cr. river Loddon. 34 Cavcrsham Park. Ac elegant modern mansion, which formerly belonged toEarlCadogan, stood in this park, was burned down a few years ago. The present mansion, built for Mr. Crawshav, surpasses cither of its predecessors. Charles I. was confined in Old Caversham House, after the affair of Holniby. Prospect Hill. G8J READING, the capital of Berks, is si¬ tuated on the Rennet, ;>nd carries on a considerable trade in flour. Arch. Laud, Merrick the poet, and Bel- grave the mathematician, are natives of Reading. It returns two M.P.’s. Pop. 32,000. cr. river Ken net. Roads here lead to Walling¬ ford on the left, and to Basingstoke on the right. 39 Tilehurst. C;dcot Pa., J. Blagrave, Esq. Englefield IIouse,R P. Benyon de Beauvoir,Esq. 65J G3± Gil cot Green. Tkeale. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Dorney. Weston. Bray. From Maidenhead Bridge may be seen Clief- den, a seat of the Duke of Sutherland. The first Cliefden House was built byVilliers,Duke of Buck¬ ingham. Both it and its successor were destroyed by fire. St. Ives Place. Henden House. Holyport. Bray wick Lodge. Shottesbrook Park, A. Vanisittart, Esq. Waltham Place. St. Lawrence, Wal¬ tham. Stanlake. Whistley Park. Hurst Park. Bulmershe Court, J. Wheble, Esq. White Knights, a beau¬ tiful seat which belonged to the Duke of Marlbo¬ rough, lias now disap¬ peared, hut the American Gardens remain. Maiden Erlegli, E. Golding, Esq. Whitley Park. Coley Park, J. B Mon eke, Esq. 7 m. dist. Stratlifield- save,Duke of Wellington. Southcot. 12 m. Bramshill Ho., Rev. Sir W.H. Cope,Bart. Sulhampstead House; and 3 miles distant, Oak- field. LONDON TO BATH THROUGH MARLBOROUGH AND DEVIZE ^—Continued. 03 EJ £3 62 Jack's Booth. 45^ 58 Woolhampton. Midgham. 49J 54J Thatcham. 53 j Benham House. Denham. Woolhampton House, Viscount Falmouth. Midgham Hout>e. Dunstan Park. Shaw was the head nuarters of Charles 1. at tnelast battle of Newbury. In the wainscot of one of the rooms is a hole, said to be that of a musket- shot fired through one of the windows at the King, while standing near it. Near Speen,Domiington Castle, famous for its re¬ sistance to the Parliament, and for being the residence of Chaucer during the lat¬ ter part of his life. Fleet Park. A vington. Denfoid House, G. H. Cherry, Esq. Chilton Lodge. 511 47, NEWBURY. This town was formerly famous for its woollen ma¬ nufactures, which gave celebrity to John Winch- comb, commonly called Jack of Newbury. It was the scene of two dreadful actions between Charles and the Parliament, the King commanding in per¬ son on both occasions. Population, 61 Gl. Halfway House, cr. river Kennet. 56 60 Congreve, Esq. Wasing House. Crookham House. Greenham Houoe, A. Croft, Esq. Church Speen. Benham Place. Hampstead Park, Kintburv. Barton Court, Admiral J. W. D. Dundas. Chilton House, To Oxford, 30 miles. 42J Hungerford is situated on the Kennet, and carries on a consider¬ able trade by means of that river and the Avon canal. In the Town-hall is preserved the Hungerford hom, given along with a charter by John of Gaunt to this town. 64 i Hungerford Park Inglewood House. Somerset Hospital, so called from its founder, the Duchess of Somerset, for the accommodation of the widows of 30 clergymen, and of 20 laymen. Littlecott Park, E. W. L. Popliam, Esq. Ramsbury Manor, Sir R. Burdett, B«irt. 39f 38 * 35 i at the extremity of which, on the left, is Tottenham Park, Marquess of Ayles¬ bury, who is also the‘pro¬ prietor of the forest, re¬ markable as the only one in the kingdom belonging to a subject. In the park was erected in 17S1 by Thomas, Earl of Ayles¬ bury, a column in honour -'S'fi cr. Ivennet and Avon Canal. Froxfield, Wilts. Cross Ford. Savernake Forest, 67i 69 Little Bedw'in. 711 Great Bedwin, 2| miles, a small town, of very an¬ cient origin. The church is an ancient and curious structure, and contains many interesting monu¬ ments. Pop., 2263 94 LONDON TO BATH THROUGH DEVIZES, &c.— Continust. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. ToWoottonBasset,17 ra. To Swindon, 11 m. Caine is an ancient bo¬ rough, returning 1 AI. P Pop. 5128. Two miles distant is Bo- wood, the noble mansion of the Marquis of Lans- downe. 2 in. from Caine, in a different direction, is Compton Basset, the seat of G. 11. W. Heneage, Esq. Round way Park, Ed¬ ward Colston, Esq. ToChipponliam, 101 m. 1 Kowde £ j: 30. •-’/ 4 26 26 of his uncle, Charles, Earl of Aylesbury, from whom he inherited the estate. MARLBOROUGH, an ancient town on river Ken- net. and consisting principally of one street. It is chiefly sup¬ ported by its market and road trade. Us remarkable build¬ ings are, St Mary’s Church, St Peter's, the Market Mouse, and a commodious prison, em¬ ployed as a county bridewell and gaol. The Castle Inn, (on site of the Castle, was once the residence of the Earl of Hertford, and in its grotto, Thomson composed his Sea¬ sons. It now constitutes fl portion o. f the building ol Marl¬ borough College, incorporated by Royal Charter in lbZX Marlborough returns one Pop. 36G0. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 7H 184 Fyfield. Overton. West Ivennet. Silbury Hill. Here are the remains of a British barrow : it is 170 feet high, its diameter at the base is 500 feet, at the top J 0.5 feet. Near this place also, (at Avebury) there are the remains of one of the most gigantic Druidical monuments in the world. Beckhampton Inn. A road here leads to Bath, through Caine, and Chip penham, 243 in. Wansdyke. DEVIZES is a borough of consider¬ able antiquity, situated in the centre of Wiltshire. 1 lie dim cli of St. John’s is interesting on account of its various specimens of architecture. De¬ vizes returns one M. P. Pop. 6554. 77 791 804 To Andover, 233 m. Manton. Rainseombe House. Oare House, Goodman. Stowell Lodge, Rev. M . Lockeridge House. Kennet House. 84 : sc; Four miles from Chip¬ penham isCorsham House, the seat of Lord Methuen, celebrated for its choice collection of pictures. Bishop’s Cannings. South Broom House, R. Parry Nisbet, Esq. Potterne. Eastwell, T. H. Grubbe, Esq. To Ludgershall, 20 m. To Salisbury, 22 m. To East Lavington, 4 m and beyond, West Laving- Iton, Lord ChurclihilL I Poulihot. LONDON TO BATH THROUGH DEVISES, &c .—Continued. 03 ON RIGHT IEOH LOND. 5 Bromliam. Moperton Cottage, the residence of Thomas Moore. 154 11} To Chippenham, m. Between Melksham & Chippenham is Lay cock Abbey, the seat of W. li. Fox Talbot, Esq. Neston, J. B. Fuller, Esq. Box. Shockerwick. H 4* 3 i Swains wick. Charlcombe. cr. Kennet and Avon Canal. Summerham Bridge. Melksham consists of one long street, and tile houses aie chiefly constructed of freestone. In the vicinity arc two mi¬ neral springs, whose wa¬ ters have attracted much popularity. Shaw Hill. Atford. Kingsdown Hill. c o 51 s_ — 91f 9G 994 103 ON LEFT 1'HOII LON I). Seend. Seeiul Lodge, IV. 11 Ludlow Bruges, Esq. To Bradford, 6 m. Sliaw nouse. Cottles House. MonktonFarleigli. Bathford, Somerset. A little farther on right, the Roman road to Ciren¬ cester. Bath Easton. 104 Warleigh House, II Skrine, Esq. Bathford House. Claverton, and Claver- ton IIo., G. Vivian, Esq. Bntlianiptou. BATH. 1071 Bailiwick. Bath, a city in Somersetshire, is noted for the beauty of its buildings. These, consisting almost entirely of stone, present a liner appearance than those of any other city in England. The river Avon runs through the midst of it. There is an elegant bridge over the river, and it has been made navigable as far as Bristol. Bath owes its celebrity to its medicinal springs. These must have been discovered very early, as v/e find that the Homans bad fixed a station, and erected baths here a.d. 43. Many of these have been discovered in a very perfect state. Their reputation has continually increased since the middle of the lGth century', and invalids now resort to them from all quarters.* The principal springs are those called the King’s and Queen’s. The temperature of the coolest is 97°, of the warmest, 117° of Fahrenheit. The medicinal properties in all are nearly the same. Bath is also frequented by great numbers for pleasure as well as health. For these the numerous public buildings and hotels afford ample accommodation. Of the former the pump-room, beside the King’s Bath, and the Assembly Rooms, said to he the best adapted for the purpose of any in the kingdom, are the most con¬ spicuous. The Abbey Church, or Cathedral, is a fine building. It was founded by Bishop King in 1495, hut not finished till 1582. It suffered much on the dis¬ solution of religious houses, hut was restored by' Bishop Montague in 1G0G. It has lately been repaired. In the east end of the church Prior Birde’s chapel presents a beautiful specimen of tracery. Amongst the numerous monu¬ ments, with which in fact the church is encumbered, are those of Sir W. Waller, * Pepys, witli all liis peculiar quaintness, describes a visit lie paid to Bath in 1GG8. Sec Diary, vol. IV, pp. +G8-474. 96 BRADFORD.-TROWBRIDGE.-WESTBURY.-FROME, &c. the Parliamentary General, and his wife; Quin the actor; Beau Nash, styled king of Bath in his day, and the great improver of the place;* and Dr. Haweis, one of the founders ot the Church Missionary Society, claim attention. In a cemetery formed out of his own grounds, lies William Beckford, the author of Vathek. The Guildhall, situated in the High Street, is a noble building. Close to it is the market, which is abundantly supplied with provisions of every kind, but espe¬ cially with fish. In Bath there are twenty-four churches and chapels, belonging to the Established Church, and sixteen Dissenting chapels. There are several hospitals, alms-houses, and charity schools. There is a well managed theatre also. Four newspapers are published here. The city is divided for municipal purposes into seven wards, and is governed by a mayor, fourteen aldermen, and forty-one councillors. It returns two members to Parliament. Bath and Wells form a diocese extending over the county of Somerset, and containing 388 parishes. The Thames and Severn are united by a canal called the Kennet and Avon, which passes from Bath to Newbury. Population, 52,000. Nine miles fron Bath is Bradford-on-Avon, the inhabitants of which are en¬ gaged in the manufacture of fine broad cloths. The church is an ancient edifice containing several handsome monuments. Pop. 4291. About three miles farther is Trowbridge, of which Crabbe the poet was rector. There is a monu¬ ment to his memory in the church. It is celebrated for tho manufacture of the best kerseymeres in the kingdom. Population, 9026. Five miles from Trowbridge, and 15 from Bath, is Westbury, a town of con¬ siderable antiquity, with a venerable church containing monuments. Pop. oi pari, bor., 6495. Some distance beyond Westbury is Erie Stoke Park, the seat c l Sir S. W. Taylor. Nine miles from Trowbridge, in another direction, and 13 from Bath, is the large and populous town of Frome, situated on the river of the same name. It is noted for its ale. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the woollen manufacture. It returns one member to Parliament. Near Frome is Marston Hall, the seat of the Earl of Cork and Orrery. Pop. of town, 9522. Nearly 12 miles from Frome, and 1SJ from Bath, is Shepton Mallet, which carries on an extensive manufacture of knit-stockings and woollen goods. The market cross, erected in 1500, is a curious structure, consisting of five arches sup¬ ported by pentagonal columns, and adorned with sculpture. Population, 4868. About 41 miles from Shepton Mallet, 18 from Bath, and 17 frim Bristol, is the ancient city of Wells, forming a bishop’s see jointly with Bath. It derived its origin from a collegiate church erected in 704. The cathedral is a spacious Gothic structure, and is reckoned one of the most splendid specimens of this order of architecture in England. The west front, in particular, is much admired. The Cathedral is open to the public. In the Episcopal palace Bishop Kidder and his lady were killed by a portion of the building falling in during the great storm in 1703. The chapter house and St. Cuthbert’s Church are also worth notice. Wells formerly returned two M.P. Annual races are held here. Pop. 4500. * See Oliver Goldsmith’s "Life of Nash.” wstAT warn Mnwt LONDON to BATH i BRISTOL. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO BATH AND BRISTOL. 97 About 5| miles from Wells is the town of Glastonbury, where stood the famous Abbey of that name, one of the richest and most powerful monastic institutions m England. The last abbot was hanged on account of his refusal to surrender the Abbey to Henry VIII. The ruins of the monastery contain the ashes of King Arthur, King Edgar, and many illustrious nobles and prelates, but there are now no remains of their monuments. The only parts of the monastery in to¬ lerable preservation are the chapel of St. Joseph, and the abbot’s kitchen. The old cross in the centre of the town has been replaced by an elegant structure. The church of St John is a handsome building, surmounted by a beautiful totver, and that of St Benedict is a venerable edifice erected by Abbot Beer. On a hill north¬ east of the town is the Tor or St Michael’s Tower, the only remaining portion of a church and monastery which formerly stood there. The George Inn was formerly an hospital for pilgrims to the shrine of St Joseph. Population 3670. XLIV. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO BATH AND BRISTOL, 1181 Miles. £3 ON EIGHT FEOM LOND. £ .3 Proceeding from the terminus, the traveller passes the beautiful grounds of the Kensal Green Cemetery, en¬ closing a space of 50 acres. Here the Duke of Sussex and the Princess Sophia, two of Sir Walter Scott’s daughters, Sydney Smith, Allan Cunning¬ ham, Tom Hood, Joseph Hume, &c., are buried, jjoa There is a tower on. * * Hanger Hill which com mands a most extensive and charming view. Hanwell Park. Ill Paddington Station is situated near the end of Praed Street. It is every way suited for the purpose to which it is appropriated; and, from its proximity to the canal, affords every fa¬ cility for conveying goods to the Thames. Ealing Station. At some distance from tlie station is the Wharn- cliffe Viaduct, so called in compliment to Lord Wharn- cliffe. Chairman of Com¬ mittee of House of Lords on the Incorporation Act. The erection is over the Brent, and is 900 feet long. Hanwell Station. Southall Park. 109 J Southall Station. The railway now crosses the Grand Junction Canal. Hayes, and beyond, Hillingdon House (Tbo Count De Salis). £ o o ^ o ON LEFT FROM LOND. Kensington Gardens and Palace. ( Acton, a suburban pa¬ rish. Berrymead Priory. About a mile from the m station, and upon the left, s is Ealing, a suburban out¬ work of the metropolis. Ealing Park. The Middlesex Lunatic Asylum is a magnificent building,remarkable both for the convenience of its arrangement and the en- lightemnent of its sys- • i tem. Heston, 2 miles. Brentford, 3 m. Here Ed¬ mund Ironside defeated the Danes in 1016. The Chapel of Ease for New Brentford reckoned among its former incumbents the celebrated O) philologist, John Home Tooke. Pop, 9521. Hounslow, famous for being the scene of a tournament preparatory to the obtaining of Magna Chart a. Also for being the spot where the forces of Charles I. and those of the Parliament frequently encamped. Pop. 5760. TT 98 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO BATH AND RRISTOL— Continuee. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. B2 ? .2 At a distance on the right is Uxbridge, an an¬ cient borough, "and pol¬ ling place for Middlesex. Ii is famous for its corn- market. It gives the title of Earl to the Mar¬ quis of Anglesey. Pop. 3815. Chalfont St. Giles where Milton finished Paradise Lost. Stoke, Pa. lit. Hon. H. Labouchere. Stoke Pogis, the spot where Gray finished several of his poems. Here Sir Ed. Coke enter¬ tained Elizabeth in 1601, aud presented her with jewels to the amount of £1000. And at a distance Beaconsfield, the resi¬ dence of Waller and Edmund Burke. Dropmore Lodge. Hedsor Lo. Ld. Boston. 105J 1025 100 West Drayton Station. On the right Iver Court and Iver Grove. Langley Station. Slough Station. Slough is distinguished as the residence of Sir John Herschell, whose father, the late Sir William Her¬ schell, also made many of his most important dis¬ coveries here. (See also £>• Si.) ON LEFT FROM LOND. 13 16 18| Near Arlington are some remains ot D’Oyley House, the seat of the famous Henry St. John Viscount Bolingbroke. Staines. At Runnemede, near Egham, Magna Charts was forced from King John in 1215. Colnbrook, a small an¬ cient market-town. Ditton Park, (Duke of Buccleugh.) famous for its ancient oaks. Eton.* (See also p.90). Windsor, to which » branch line, 3 miles in length, is now opened. (See p. 89.) • Eton College was founded in 1440, by Henry VI., for the education of 70scholars. Besidn U.c«, there are generally several hundreds of the sons of the nobility and gentry receiving then education there. The total number has usually amounted to about 500. The chapel is a fine old Gothic structure, containing a monument to Sir Henry Wotton, who was lonp Provost of the College. At the west end of the ante-chapel is a beautiful marble statue of the founder, Henry VI. and in the centre of the principal court is another in bronze. The library contains a curious and valuable collection of books, an excellent assortment of Oriental MSS., and seme beautifully illuminated missals. Eton was till lately the scene of a curious triennial pageant, called the Eton Montem. It has been discontinued since 1848. Among the many great men who were educated at Eton may be mentioned, Sir Robert Walpole, Har¬ ley Earl of Oxford, Lord Bolingbroke, Earl Camden, the famous Earl of Chatham, Outred the mathematician, Boyle the philosopher, Lord Lyttelton, Gray, Horace Walpole, West, Waller, Fox, Canning, the Marquis Wellesley, Hallam the historian, and the Duke of Wel¬ lington. Pop. 2840. Two m. from Slough Station is the town of Windsor, on the Thames, having an ancient church, a theatre, barracks, and a good free school. (See page 89.) Windsor Castle has been the principal seat of British Royalty for nearly eight centuries. The Saxon kings had a palace at Old Windsor long previous to the Conquest. The pre¬ sent castle was founded by William the Conqueror, but was almost rebuilt by Edward III., with the assistance of the celebrated William of Wykeham, who was made clerk of the works. Great alterations were made by Sir Jeffry Wyatville during the reign oi George IV. St. George’s Chapel is a splendid specimen of florid Gothic architecture. It contains the stalls of the Knights of the Garter; and here the ceremony of instal¬ lation takes place. Beneath it are the remains of Edward IV. and his Queen, Henry VI., Henry VIII. and Jane Seymour, Charles I., George III. and Queen, George IV., the Princess Charlotte, Duke of Kent, Duke of York, William IV., &c. The keep or round tower in the centre of the castle is perhaps the most remarkable part of the build¬ ing. Here James I. of Scotland was confined. In the little park is a tree supposed W GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO BATH ANI) BRISTOL— Continued. pg ON EIGHT FEOM LOND. Burnham Grove. Taplow. At a distance of 10 95f milcs is High Wycombe, the handsomest town In Buckinghamshire. It sent 2 members to Par. since Edward I. It gives the title of Earl and Baron to the Marquis of Lansdowne. Wycombe Park, Sir G. IT. Dash wood, Bart.; and Wycombe Abbey, Lord Carington. Haywood Lodge. Shottesbrook, A. Van- sittari, Esq. White Waltham, the birth-place of Hearne gyj the antiquary. Two miles distant is Wargrave, and 3 miles beyond itisllenley-upon- Thames, a place of con¬ siderable antiquity, and famous as the place whence the adherents of Charles I. were driven out by Earl of Essex. Holme Park, R. Pal- mer, Esq. Archbishop Laud, Mer¬ rick the Poet, and Bla- grave the mathematician, were natives of Reading; and here Milman the poet, and the late Sir Thomas N. Talfourd, author of Ion, &c. were educated. Caversham Park (G. Crawshay, Esq.) Here Maidenhead Station. Maidenhead is a market- town in Berks. It was an¬ ciently called South Arling¬ ton, and subsequently Mai- denhithe. Besides the Great Western viaduct over the Thames, there is a magnifi¬ cent bridge of 13 arches, erected at an expense of £ 20 , 000 . Twvford Station. Stanlake House. Woodley Green. Bulmarshe Court, J. Wheble, Esq. White Knights, formerly a seat of the great Duke of Marlborough, now demolished. Reading Station. Reading, a market, bo¬ rough, and county town in Berks. It is a place of great antiquity, having existed in the time of the Saxons. It was frequently taken and retaken during civil wars in 1643. The earliest charter extant is that of Henry III. It has returned two mem¬ bers since 23d of Edward I. £ g i, o -5 22i 30 ? 35f ON LEFT FEOM LOND. Burnham Abbey. Bray, famous for its vicar. This worthy gen¬ tleman’s conscience pos¬ sessed in a peculiar degree the quality of accommodating itself to circumstances. He changed his religion three times. On being reproached as a turncoat, he used to say, “Nay, nay, I always keep to my principles, wdiich are these—to live and die Vicar of Bray.” Stubbings, II. Skrine, Esq.; and beyond, Hall Place, Sir G. E. C. East, Bart. Reading Is fumnus on mnn,v Recounts. It was taken ‘bj the Danes in the ninth cen¬ tury, after they had defeated Alfred the Great. It acted « prominent part in the expul¬ sion of John Charles I. and James II. (See Page 92.) Some of the houses in Reading are constructed oi timber, hut greater part of the old town is of brick. In the suburbs are many hand¬ some houses. Here are some remains ol an abbey for Bene¬ dictines. founded by Henr\ 1. in 1112. Reading is well furnished with charitable and religious institutions. Whitley Park. Three-mile-Cross. be “ Herne’s Oak,” immortalised by Shakspeare. The great park is situated on the south side of the castle, and includes the beautiful avenue of trees, nearly three miles in length, called the Long Walk. It is terminated by the colossal equestrian statue of George III., in bronze, by Wcstmacott. The drive through the park to Virginia Water is exceeding’? striking. The interior of the castle is magnificent. The corridor or gallery, 520 feet In length, leading along the south and east sides of the court, is richly adorned with bronzes, marbles, pictures, &c. The state-rooms are gorgeously fitted up, and contain many paint, ings by the most eminent masters. Tickets to view these rooms may he had in London of Messrs. Colnaghi, Pall-mall East. Her Majesty’s private apartments can only be seen during the absence of the Court from Windsor by virtue of a special order from the Lord Chamberlain. Half a mile from Windsor is Frogmore, the f&vounte residence of her late Majesty Queen Charlotte, and of the late Duchess of Kent. Six miles distant is Ascot Heath, fc here races are annually held in J une 100 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO BATH AND BRISTOL— Continued. stood Caversham House, where Charles I. had au interview with his child¬ ren in 1647. • Maple Durham. Maple Durham House, Michael Blount* Esq, a fine Elizabethan build- Hardwick House, H.P. Powys, Esq. Purley. Whitchurch. Combe Lodge, S. W. Gardiner, Esq. Basildon. Gathampton. Near Goring, the Ro¬ man way called Icknield Street crosses the Thames. Mineral spring, for¬ merly much frequented for cure of cutaneous diseases. Three miles from Walling¬ ford St. is the borough of that name, returning: 1 M P. One of its churches contains the tomb of Blackstone, au¬ thor of the Commentaries. His grandson represented this town in the parliament dissolved 1652. Population 77V4. Cholsey. Hagbourne. Milton. Pour miles to the right is Abingdon, a borough returning one M.P. It carries on an extensivi corn-trade. It gives the title of Earl to the family of Bertie. Population of Pari. bor. (1S61) 5680. Near it is Nuneham Courtenay, the seat of G. G. Vernon Harcourt, Esq. The old Faringdon mansion-house held out to the very last in favour of Charles I. The mo¬ dern house is an edifice of considerable beauty. Beckett Park, Vis¬ count Barrington. 77 Pangbourne Station Pangbourne is a place of great antiquity. Roman remains have been found here. It is united to Whit¬ church on other side of the Thames- 731 Goring Station. Goring had formerly a nunnery for Augustines, founded in the reign of Henry II. of which some remains are still visible. South-Stoke village, in Oxfordshire, united by a bridge over Thames to Moulsford in Berks. The Railway, by a via¬ duct, crosses the Thames for the last time near Little Stoke. 70} Wallingford Road St. 58} 54} 41} 44J Didcot Station. Steventon Station. JISP cross Wilts and Berks Canal. Wantage Road Station Faringdon Road St Faringdon is noted for its trade in bacon and hogs, about 4000 of the latter being slaughtered even’ year. Pop. of Great Faring- ilou 2943. Coley Park, J. B. Moncke, Esq. Southcot House. Callcot Park. Tilekurst. Northcot. Belle-isle House. Purley Hall. Basildon Pa., Charle: Morrison, Esq. South Bridge. 474 53 5GJ GO G3J Goring is united by bridge orer the Thames to Streatley in Berks The road to Oxfon passes through Walling lord. Aston Tirrold. North Moretou. Satwell. BriglitwelL Aldington. In the church is a monument to Vernon, the founder of the Vernon Gallery. Wantage, celebrated as the birtlnplace of Alfred the Great; and also of Bishop Buller. Po] 3064. Uffington Castle, sup¬ posed to he the work of the Britons, afterwards occupied by the Romans. At a short distance is the celebrated figure of a white horse cut in the chalk hill. Wayland Smith’s forge is also in the neighbourhood. Compton House, and beyond Ashdown Park (Earl Craven). Bourtou. GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY TO BATH AND BRISTOL— Continued. 10] ON BIGHT FROM LOND. O ~3 Ph 3 Higliworth, a market- town. Pop. of par. 4372. It is situated on an emi¬ nence near the vale of the White Horse. On Biunsden Castle Hill are the remains of a Roman encampment. NearHigh- worth is Coleshill, a tine mansion belonging to the Earl of Radnor. Branch Railway to Ci¬ rencester, Stroud, Glou¬ cester, and Cheltenham Stratton. Lydiard Park, Vis¬ count Bolingbroke. Ivy House. Brinkworth. Dauntsey. Christian Mai ford. Langley Burred. 10 m. to the ri r U C fa a- fa P3 40} TO WARMINSTER, 16} Wilts. (P.103). 38* Ciockerton. 36} Longbridge Deverill. 20 30} East Knoyle. 26} 25} SHAFTESBURY, Dor- CO setshire . (P. 43). 21} Fontmell Magna. 35} 20} Sutton Waldron. 36} 19} Iweme Minster. 37} 16*1 Stuiupain. 40} ON LEFT FROM BATH. 3 miles distant, Font- hill Abbey, Marquis of Westminster. Pyt House, Vere Fane Bennett. Esq. To Salisbury, 2U miles. Hanford House, H BATH TO POOLE THROUGH WARMINSTER— Continued. 105 6 o' Sx- ON RIGHT FROM BATH. 2 c *■£ ON LEFT FROM BAT H. Bryanstone House, Lord iPortman. Dorvn House, Sir John James Smith, Bart. 14 Blandford, see page 43. 42? To Salisbury, 22 miles. Laugton House, To Dorchester, 16 miles. 12 cr. river Stour. Charlton Marshall. 44? Charborough House, J. S. W. S. E. Drax, Esq. 11 Spetisbury. 45? 2 m. dist. Kingston Hall Lady Bankes. Lower Henbury House. Coombe Aimer. Higher Henbury House, W. G. Paxton, Esq. 54 Corfe Mullen. 514 Merley House. To Wimborne Minster, 3J miles. 24 Junction of the road. 544 On Brownsea Island, 'Brownsea Castle. POOLE. 56| Poole derives its name from the pool or bay on the north side of -which it is situated. The harbour is reckoned the best and safest in the channel, and will admit vessels of 14 feet draught. Formerly, the principal branch of business was the Newfoundland fishery, but the inhabitants are now largely engaged in the import and export trade to the Baltic, America, Portugal, &c. Poole has an ancient church, several meeting-houses, free and charity schools, besides charit¬ able institutions. It returns 1 member to Parliament. Pop. 10,000. Midway between Poole and Christchurch is the new watering-place of Bournemouth. XLV1I. FROM BATH TO WEYMOUTH THROUGH FROME, 623 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM BATH. Marston House, Earl of Cork and Orrery. 49| tn Siisyton Mallet, 7 m. BATH. From Bath to Becking-ton, | 1 u see page 103. cr. river Frome. FROME 13 is a large and populous town, the inhabitants of which are chiefly employed inthe woollenroanufacture. One M.P. Pop., 9722. Bruton. The objects most worthy of notice are the church, a curious ancient hexagonal cross in the market-place, the market-house, the hos¬ pital, and the free school, Pop. of par. 2232 23; Westcombe House, To Warminster, 161 m. To Amesbury, 15j m. To Hindoo, 133 m. To Wincanton, 4} m., thence to Sherborne, 9 m. 106 FROM BATH TO WEYMOUTH THROUGH FROME— Continued. I"-- | ON RIGHT FROM BATH. I_ I Hadspen House, Cadbury House. To Castle Cary, through Sparkford, 11 4 m., and to Yeovil, 5i m. Maiden Castle, one of the strongest and most extensive British camps in England. It consists of a hill enclosed by two, and, in some places, three ditches, and the enclosed area contains upwards of 160 acres. fi s' O i^l ON LEFT FROM BAT I. 374 Pitcorube. 251 At a distance, Redly ich Park, Earl of Uchester. To Shaftesbury, 15£ m. CO _fN Sherborne, *(Dortsetsh.) 364 81 •*$0 cr. river Frome. DORCHESTER, p 44 544 5! Monkton. 57 Came Abbey. 4 MELCOMBE REGIS. 621 Herringston Lodge, E. W. Williams, Esq. Pup. of Pari. bur. of Mcl- combe and Weymouth, 10,000. -S?® cr. riv. Wev. Lulworth Castle, J., WEYMOUTH, 62f Weld, Esq., 16 m. from Weymouth, is frequently! (See p. 44.) visited by strangers. * Sherborne is situated on a branch of the Yeo, which divides it into two parts, called Sherborne and Castleton. In the latter are the ruins of a castle, the last place that held out for King Charles. The principal object of attention is the church, which was a cathedral till the see was removed to Old Sarum iu 1075. It was then converted into an abbey church, and is now one of the finest in the west of England, containing specimens of various styles of architecture, from the time of the Normans to that of Henry VII. In the south transept is a splendid monument to the memory of John, Earl of Bristol, who died in 1698. Near this is a tablet with lines by Pope, to the memory of a son and daughter of William Lord Digby. Here also Sir Thomas Wyatt the poet was buried. The abbey is now occupied as a silk manufactory. Pop. 1861, 5523. Adjoin¬ ing the town is Sherborne Castle, the seat of Lord Digby. The centre was built by Sir Walter Raleigh, whose family were robbed of the estate by James I. XLVIII. BATH TO BRIDPORT THROUGH SHEPTON MALLET, ILCHESTER, AND CREWKERNE, oii Miles. ON RIGHT FROM BATH. From Bridp. From Bath. ON LEFT FROM BATH, Dunkerton. 4 Combhay, Cnmerton Park, J Jav- lets, t>i RaOstock. 74 BATH TO BRIDPORT THROUGH SHEPTON MALLET. 4lc —Continu'd. 107 = d | p -C 1 ON RIGHT FROM BATH. 0-3 ig C « 1 ChileoTnpton.and 2miles distant, Stone Easton, Sir 432 Stratton on the Fosse. 104 J. S. Hippesley, Ban. 40| OakhilL 134 c To Wells, 5J miles to Glastonbury, 9 in. 382 SHEPTON MALLET carries on an extensive ma- 154 nufactory of knit-stockings, and woollen goods. Its principal curiosity is the inarket-eross, erected in 1300. Pop., 4868. Pylle Home. 36 Street on the Fosseway. 18! 3 miles dist. King’s Wes¬ ton House, F. H. Dickinson, 301 West Lydford. 232 Esq. cr. river Brue. cr. river Yeo. To Yeovil, 4J m. •24 ILCHESTER, on the south bank ot the Ivel. is a plare of considerable anti- ouity, having beeu fortified in the time of the Romans, l'op. 781. (bee p. 48). 30| 182 Junction of the road to 354 Crewkerne. Hinton St George, Earl 134 CREWKERNE, in a valley watered by the 402 To Crewkerne, 93 rn. Axe and the Par ret. The church is a noble Gothic structure, richly adorned with carved work. Pop. 3506. 12| 101 Misterton. 42 Mosterton, Dorsetsh. 44 BEAMINSTER. 48 Parnham, Sir H. Oglan- a town of considerable anti¬ quity, on the banks of the To Axminster, H ra. Brit. It has several manu¬ factories for sail-cloth. Its church is adorned with curious carving, and con¬ tains several monuments Fop., 3014. u Bradpole. 53 BRIDPOItT, fee p. 44. <54! ON LEFT FROM BAT a. Ash wick Giot? trachey, Esq. To Frome, 12 m. To Chard, 8 m. To Ilminsfer, 8 m. To Axminster, 13£ m. To Lyme Regis, 16 in To Dorchester, )?$ n> XLIX. BATH TO EXETER THROUGH SHEPTON MALLET, ILM1NSTER, AND HON1TON, 75 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM BATH. | From j Exeter. J I From 1 Bath. ON LEFT FROM BATH. Combhay. Camertnn Park. 71 67 4 Dunkerton. Radstock. 4 74 Woodbarrow Hoiifte. 108 BATli TO EXETER THROUGH aHEPTON MALLET, be,—Continued ON RIGHT FROM BATH. East Pennant Park. 3m. distant, Kine’sWes- ton House, F. H. Dickinson, Hsq. 1 From 1 Exeter. I From Bath. ON LEFT FROM BATH. 63f Stratton on the Fosse. Stratton House. 60.1 OakhilL 144 Ash wick Grove, R. 59} cross the Mendip Hills. SHEPTON MALLET, 16} Strachey, Esq. 571 (p. 107.) Cannard's Grave Inn. 17} Street on the Fosseway. 19} 54} WraxhalL 21} 50} West Lydford. 241 43} cr. river Brue. ILCHESTER, (p. 107.) 34 31} ILMINSTER. 43} 16} HONITON, (p. 48.) 534 EXETER, ip. 110.) 75 1 L. BATH TO EXETER THROUGH BRIDGEWATER, AND TAUNTON, 81i Miles. £ § £ jc ON RIGHT FROM BATH. £§ p - 74} Dunkerton. 4 Camerton Park. 73} Radstock. 7} 2 miles distant. Stone Easton Park, Sir J. S. 70} Chilcompton. 10} Hippesley, Bart. 69} Old Down Inn. 12 2 m. distant, Chewton Priory. 68} Emborrow. 12} Hay don Seat. IS 5 ® cr. Mendip Hills, l which command fine views. 1 To Bristol, 21 miles. ) li m. distant is Wokey 63 WELLS, (p. 96.) 18} Hole, a romantic cavern, 'the approach to which is [remarkably picturesque. 57} GLASTONBURF, (r. 97.) 23} 65} Street. 25} ON LEFT FROM BATH. Prior Park. Fielding laid the scene of the early years of Tom Jones at this place ; and its former oc¬ cupant, Mr Allan, is the Allworthy of his novel. To Frome, 7} miles. Woodbarrow House. Ammerdovn, J. T. Jol- liffe. Esq., and near it Har- dington Park, Lord Polti- more. Norton Halt. Stratton House. Masberry Castle. To Shepton Mallet, 5 n,. To Shepton Mallet, 8J m To Somerton. 7 miles. BATH TO EXETER THROUGH BRIDGEWATER &e — Continued. 109 ON RIGHT FROM BATH. Sbarpham Park, the birthplace of Fielding. Shapwick House. 2 m. dist. Halsewell Ho. C. J. K. Tynte, Esq. Walford House. Hestercombe House. 1 m. dist. Pyrland Hall, Sir W. W. Tea, Bart. To Minehead, 23 m. To Wiveliscombe, 12 m. Heatherton Park, A. Adair, Esq. To Milverton, 4 miles. HolcombeCo., P. Bluett, Esq. To Tiverton, 51 miles. E S e^l 1 C ° - ON LEFT FROM BATH. 54 Walton. ■27 i 52| Piper's Inn. 28| 51f Ashcott. 2 94 Over Polden Hill to 35i 45| Bawdrip. cr. river Parret. 391 41 f BRIDGEWATER, p. 117 . 38} North Petherton. 423 36 Thurloxton. 45} 35 Walford Bridge. 46i 48| To Bath through Glas tonbury and Wells, 41 i m. 32-1 Bath Pool. vS?® cr. river Tone. Batts House, Sir G. A. Robinson, Bart. 2 m. dist 30| TAUNTON, p. 11B. O *0 Ainberd House. 29 Bishop’s Hull. 52} 281 RumwelL 531 24 f Chi Ison. 56} 23| WELLINGTON (See also p. 118) 57} lias manufactories of earthen- ware, series, and druggets. The church, a handsome build- ins: of Gothic architecture, con¬ tains the monument of Sir John Popham, a liberal patron of this town, whose house was garri¬ soned for the Parliament army in the time of Charles I. It is from this place that the Duke of Wellington derives his title ; and in his domain is a lofty stone column on Blackdown Hill over- looking the town, erected to commemorate his victories. 22| Rockwell Green. 58} 19} Maiden Down (Devon). 62 m South Appledore. 64 Bridwell House. 13| Welland. 67} Bradfield, B.B.Walrord, 12 CULLOMPTON, (See also p. 118) 69} Esq. To Honiton, 10£ on the Culme, carries on a con- •iderable woollen manufacture. The church is an ancient and venerable structure, consisting of three aisles, one of which is • beautiful specimen of Gothic architecture. Near the font are two curiously carved pieces of oaks Pop. 2205. 1 9 Bradninch. 72i\ 110 RATH TO EXETER THROUGH BRIDGEWATER, &c .—ContiniMd |e g Sjr. ’- ON RIGHT FROM BATH. r v O ON LEFT FROM BATH. feW Spraydown House. Killerton Park, SirT. D. 44 Broad Clist. 76f Poltimore House, Lord Aclciud, Bart., M.P. Poltimore. 2J Langaton. 79 EXETER. 81| Wear House,(Sir J. T. B. Duckworth, Bart.,) near Topsliam. Exeter, the capital of Devonshire, on the banks of the Exe, is a large city, ex¬ tending about three miles in circumference. It is intersected by four principal streets, which meet in the centre. A handsome bridge has been thrown over the river at an expense of L.20,0UO. The cathedral of St Peter is a magnificent structure, and contains numerous monuments of its bishops and of the Bohun and Courtenay families. Its western window is much admired, and the Bishop’s Throne is remarkable for its height and elaborate carving. The north tower con¬ tains a clock curiously ornamented, and an immense bell (the great Tom of Exeter), weighing 12,500 lbs., both the gifts of Bishop Courtenay. Near the cathedral (and south-east) is the Bishop’s Palace, a venerable building. On the north¬ east of the city are the ruins of Rougemont Castle, said to have been erected in the time of Julius Caesar, and formerly the residence of the West Saxon kings. The guildhall, in High Street, rebuilt in 1464, contains several valuable por¬ traits. A commodious custom-house has been erected cn the quay. Northern- hay, a public garden, well wooded and beautifully laid out, is the fashionable promenade, and commands a series of fine prospects. Formerly, Exeter was the emporium of thin woollen goods, such as serges, :n. Tregerrick. 2 m. (list. Duporth. Penrice. 3 m. (list. Trenarran, .1 [ hevoyn. Croft West. Trewkiddle. Heligan, J. II. Tremayne Isq. To Tregony, 4J miles. Penzauce. Trewitlian. 3 m. (list., on river Fal _Tewartlienick, the seat ol G. TV. I'. Gregor, Esq. About 10 m. from Tre- gony is the disfranchised borough of St Mawes. The castle was built by Henry VIII. Opposite StMawcs Pendennis Castle, of the same period. These two castles occupy very ele. voted and strong positions commanding the entrance to Falmouth Harbour. Pen dermis contains a small depot of arms, and is gar- ■soiled by a company of soldiers ’ Penealenick. Tiumbeson. Park. 3 miles from Truro, on the river F aj, is Tregothnan House, Viscount Falmouth. J.V1. KXETER TO LAUNCESTON, HODMIN, TRURO, PENZANCE, AND LANDS END, 123i Miles. ON RIGHT PRUM EXET. 1 = *4 From Exeter. ON LEFT FKOIU EXK! C!»ve House. Hatiswuud. 121 Adderwater. 21 Barley House. Willow-Hayes. Hurston 124 EXETER TO LAUNCESTON, BODMIN, TRURO, Ac —Continued. ON RIGHT PROM EXET. lei c a pi 117 116 Lilly Bridge. Tap House. ^4 The neighbourhood ol Croekernwell is finely wooded, and the banks of 1141 1121 Cheriton Cross. Croekernwell. 84 11 the river Teign are pecu- Here is a moving-stone and liarly attractive. a cromlech. 1081 Merry-Meet. 15 105] South Zeal. 18 cr. the river Taw. 104| Sticklepath. 18| 1 Okclands. 101 Okehampton, 221 i About a mile south-west a town of considerable an- ■of the town, are the ruins tiquity. It formerly return- of the castle disuiautled by ed 2 M. P., but is now Henry VLLI. disfranchised. Place House. 95 cr. the river Oke- meiit. Over Sourton Down, to 281 tvlillaton. Bndestow. Bidlake. j Lewcross. ( Stowford. Hayne, C. A Harris, Esq. Lifton Down. 86 Lifton. 371 85 Cadron. 381 cr. the river Tamar, and enter Cornwall. One mile from Launces¬ ton is Werrington House, LAUNCESTON 40? Duke of Northumberland, is situated on an eminence, a fine mansion, beautifully on the summit of which are situated on the river'famar. the ruins of its castle, an 14J miles distant is Ca- ancient fortress, supposed to melford, which, before the have been erected bv the Bri- Reform Act, returned two tons. The church is a hand- M. P. Here,according to fioine building, ornamented tradition, King Arthur was with some curious carving. mortally wounded in bat¬ tle, with his nephew. Mo- The town returns one mem¬ ber to Parliament. Pop. i>400. dred. Six miles distant, on ON LEFT FROM EXBT. Great Fulford,(B. Ful- ford, Esq.) which lias been the property of the Fuiford family since the time of Richard I. Hockworthy. Ramstey. Okehampton Park. Lower Bowden. Leawood, C. P. Ham- lyn, Esq. Great Stadon. Lower Stadon. Down House. Lew Trenchard. Portgate, and farther oti Sydenham, J. H. Trt^ mayne. Esq Lifton Park. In the distance End- sleigh, Duke of Bedford. Launceston is 115 miles from Tavistock, and 1(>4 miles from Callington. Almost adjoining Laun¬ ceston is the disfranchised borough of Newport. The whole village is the pro¬ perty of the Duke of Nor¬ thumberland. EXETER TO LAUNCESTON, BODMIN, TRURO. &c .—Continued. 125 ON RIGHT FROM EXET. a precipitous and rugged headland, are the ruins of Tintagel, King Arthur's castle ; and near it the small fishing town of Bos- sinney, which, before the Reform Rill, returned two M. P. Three miles from Tintagel is the singularly lomantic little town of Boscastle. To Stratton, 18 miles. Tregadillick. This cross, which has been ornamented with scrolls, is now much de¬ faced by age. The manor here once belonged to the Knights Hospitallers. 3 miles distant is Pen- carrow, seat of Rev. Sir III. H. Molesvvorth, Bart. Colquite, D. Hoblyn Fctre, Esq. Boscarne. To Cameiford, 12 m. To Wadebridge, 8 m. (Near it are nine enor¬ mous stones called the Sisters.) In the vicinity of Ca¬ meiford two battles were fought, one between the Saxons and the Britons, the other between King Arthur andMoixlred, his nephew. 14 miles distant is the seaport town of Padstow, at the mouth of the Ca¬ mel. It has a consider¬ able trade in herrings, pilchards, and slates, and manufactures serges. Dr Prideaux was a native of this town. St ltEoder. Trebursey. 764 74? 73? 71? Trerithick Bridge. cr. Pen pont W ater. Five Lane’s Inn. Trewint. Palmer’s Bridge. Jamaica Inn. Four Holes Cross. 46? 481 49 51| 674 45 s ® cr. the river Fowey. Temple. 55? 614 BODMIN was formerly a place of con¬ siderable importance, and contained a priory, cathe dral, and 13 churches. Of these only one remains, a very handsome building, containing a curious antique font. The principal trade of Bodmin is in wool. It returns 1 M.P. Pop. 1851, 6337. 59A Lanivet Ford. 534 524 Junction of the ro-d. St (Jolumb, Major. 3} miles to the right. St Columb is 246 miles from London. Fraddon. 61: 63f 691 701 494 Summer Court. 4 4 31 Trespon. 731 78 | ON LEFT FROM EXET.' Trebursey House, W. A. H. Arundell, Esq. At a dist. Trebartha Hall, F. Rodd, Esq. The road now crosses Bodmin moor. On a down in this neigh¬ bourhood are some monu¬ mental stones, supposed to be the remains of a Druidi- cal temple. Lanhydroc, T. J. Agar Robartes, Esq. To Lostwithiel, 6 mile*. At Lanivet are the rc- jmains of an ancient mo¬ nastic building. St Columb derives itsv 'name from its church, St IColumba. At a distance Treken-J ning. | St Michael, an inconsi¬ derable, disfranchised bo- : rough. Though consisting 126 EXETER TO LAUNCESTON, BODMIN, TRURO, &c—Continued. £ = Sw 1 From | Exeter. 44i St. Enne. 79 42 Buckshead. 81* 41 TRURO is considered the capital of Cornwall. It is situated at the conflux of the Kenwin and the St. Allen. It car¬ ries on a considerable trade in tin and copper ore, and has works for converting tin into bars and ingots. It returns 2 M.P. Pop 1861 11,337 The Parliament of the Lord Warden of the Stanneries, and the Vice- Warden’s Courts, are held here. At a short distance is the church of St. Mi¬ chael Penkivel, in which the gallant Admiral Bos- cawen is interred. Lord Truro takes his title from this town. 82 J- 39f Calenick. 831 36 Perranwell. 00 ■►M 32 Tregolls. 91* 291 Buttris. 93 J 00 > a poor-house and gaol. St. Mary’s Church contains some very ancient monuments. St. John’s Church was formerly a chapel belonging to the Knights of Jerusalem. As a watering-place this town has the advantage of a fine level sandy shore, and the vicinity afiords a great number of agreeable walks and rides. There is a mineral spring here. A large tract of country north of Swansea abounds with coal, and copper-works. From Swansea, an excursion may be made to the district of Gower or Gwyr, the south-west of which is inhabited by a colony of Flemings who settled there in the reign of Henry I. They do not understand the Welsh language, are distinguished by their dialect and provincial dress, and rarely intermarry with the Welsh. The most interesting objects in this district are Oystermouth Castle, five miles from Swansea, a majestic ruin, commanding a delightful prospect, with the Mumbles Point close at hand—the rocky scenery of Caswell Bay—a huge cromlech called King 132 CAERMAUTIIE7L Arthur’s Stone, upon a mountain called Cwm Bryn, near Llanrliidian—Lhe pic¬ turesque ruins of Penrice Castle, so called after the family of Penrice, who settled here in the reigii of Edward I.—a modern villa, of the same name, the seat of C. R. M. Talbot, Esq.—Oxw-ieh Bay—the neat village of Cheriton—the bold promontory of Wormshead, &c. Boating excursions to Oxwieh, Penrice, Worms- head, and other places on the shores of the promontory of Gower, are sometimes undertaken by parties of pleasure from Swansea during the summer months. From Swansea to Pont-ar-Dulais is 9 miles—Neath, 8—Briton Ferry-, 5— Cardiff, 89—Caermarthen, 26 The upper road from Swansea to Caermarthen then leads by Melin Cadleg, 3| miles; Corseinon, with its elegant and beautiful churches, 5 miles; (on the right to Neath, 10 miles); Pont-ar-Dulais, 8 }; Cenbrenlwyd, (Caermarthenshire). 10J; Bryn-y-Maen, 11; Llaunon, 13!;; Pontyferem, 17; Llangyndeyrn, 21, The lower road lies through Llanwelly and Kidwelly, 9 miles from Caermarthen. The castle of Kidwelly was formerly of great extent, and to it King John retir¬ ed when at war with the barons. It is said to have been built soon after the Conquest by William de Londres, a Norman adventurer, (a. d. 1094,) who con¬ quered Glamorganshire. The gateway is very fine, and the whole a magnificent remain. It is now the property of the Earl of Cawdor. CAERMARTHEN is one of the most wealthy towns in Wales, elevated above the navigable river l owv. It commands a view of one of the most beautiful vales in the principa¬ lity. This town was the site of the Roman station Maridunum. Here the Welsh held their parliaments, and established their chancery and exchequer. In the 38th of Henry VIII. it was created a borough. Caermarthen carries on a fo¬ reign and considerable coasting trade. The Tory is famed for its salmon. It conveys ships of 250 tons up to tha bridge. Here are established the Cambrian and a Cwmreigyddion society. Here also are a handsome town-hall, market- house, free grammar-school, an institution called the Presbyterian college, several meeting-houses, national, Lancastrian, and Sunday schools. The remains of the castle have been converted into the county gaol. At the west end of the town there is a column to the memory of General Sir T. l’icton, who represented the borough in Parliament. The Ivy- Bush Inn was once the property of Sir Richard Steele, who was interred in St Peter’s Church. In the neighbourhood of this town he wrote the comedy of the Conscious Lovers. The famous magician, Ambrose Merlin, was a native of Caermarthen. Here also was born Lewis Bailey, Bishop of Bangor, and author of the Practice of Piety. Population 10,500. It joins with Llanelly in returning one M.P. About two miles from Caermarthen is an eminence called Merlin’s Hill, near the brow of which is Merlin’s Chair, where superstition says the famous prophet used to sit when he uttered his prophecies. A number of interesting objects are to be seen on the road from Caermarthen to Llandilo Yawr about 15 miles distant. The first object of notice is Aber- gwili Palace, the noble mansion of the Bishop of St David’s, with its highly- or¬ namented grounds ; then Grongaer Hill, the snot to which the poet Dyer has CAERMARTHEN.—LAUGHARNE.—TENBY.—PEMBROKE. 133 given so much celebrity. At some distance to the right is Middleton Hall, (E. H. Adams, Esq.), a very splendid mansion. Nearly opposite Bhiw-yr-Adar is Golden Grove, the property of the Earl of Cawdor, inherited from his maternal ancestors the Vaughans. Beyond this is Dynevor Castle, seated upon a lofty hill clothed with venerable oaks, once the regal seat of the ancient Cambrian inonarchs. The last prince who inhabited it was Ivhys ap Tew Dwr Mawr, an ancestor of its present possessor, Lord Dynevor. The forces of Henry I. besieged it in 122C, but were defeated with the loss of 2000 men, by Llywelyn Prince of North Wales. Newton Park (Lord Dynevor,) the view from the summit of Golwg-y-byd, the British fortress on the rugged eminence of Careg Cennen, and the ruins of Dryslwyn Castle will also be found well worthy of attention. About 12 or 13 miles from Caermarthen are the ruins of Laugharne Castle, built or rebuilt by Sir Guido de Brian in the reign of Henry III. The town of Laugharne is one of the cleanest and best built towns in South Wales. Dean Tucker was a native of this place. The neighbouring heights command grand and extensive sea views. One mile distant is another ruin called Roche’s Cas¬ tle, but supposed to have been a monastery. A few miles from Laugharne the village of Llanddowror, on the south bank of the Taff; the scenery is highly beautiful. Five miles distant from Laugharne is a place called Green Bridge consisting of a natural excavation through which runs a small rivulet, and there disappears till it mingles its waters with the ocean. About 27 miles from Caermarthen is Tenby, a fashionable sea-bathing place, delightfully situated on a rock facing Caermarthen Bay. The shore is well adapt¬ ed for bathing, and the sands afford delightful promenades. Here are all the usual conveniences and amusements of a watering place. The trade of Tenby consists of coal and culm, and the oyster and trawl fisheries. Here are some remains of a castle supposed to have been erected by the Flemings. The an¬ cient walls of the town are still sufficiently perfect to show its former strength and extent. The religious establishments of the town and suburbs have been numerous. The church is a spacious structure, with a spire 152 feet high ; the interior contains some fine old monuments. Many pleasant excursions may be made from Tenby ; among others, to the Isle of Caldy, 3 miles from the shore. The tower of its ancient priory is still standing. About 4 or 5 miles from Tenby are the ruins of Manorbeer Castle, once the property of the Barri family, supposed to have been erected about the time of William Rufus. It was the birth-place of Gi raldus de Barri, commonly surnam- ed Cambrensis, the celebrated historian of Wales. It has evidently been a place of great strength and importance. A little farther on are the ivy-mantled walls of Carew Castle, and about 3 miles from Pembroke the ruins of L-amphey, ones the residence of the bishops of St David's, afterwards a seat of the great Lord Essex. Ten miles from Tenby is PEMBROKE, the capital of Pembrokeshire, pleasantly situated on a navigable cieek of Mil- 134 PEMBROKE.—MILFORD HAVEN. ford Haven. It was formerly surrounded by a wall, some parts of which are still visible. It carries on but little trade, and owes its chief importance to its neighbouring Royal dockyard. Population 13,700. It is united with Tenby, Wiston, and Milford, in returning one M.P. On an eminence west of the town are the remains of a castle which ranks among the most splendid monuments of antiquity in South Wales. It was the birth-place of Henry VII., and is famous for the brave defence made by its garrison in favour of Charles I. The natural cavern called the Wogan lies immediately under the chapel, and opens with a wide mouth toward the sea. Pembroke gives the title of Earl to the senior branch of the Herbert family—Earls of Pembroke and Montgomery. To the south of Pembroke is Orielton, the seat of Sir John Owen, Bart., and beyond it Stackpole Court, the baronial mansion of the Earl of Cawdor, placed on the west side of the pool on a fine eminence at the edge of a bold declivity. It bore originally a castellated form, and during the civil wars was garrisoned for the king. It came into the possession of Sir A. Campbell, ancestor of the Earl of Cawdor, by his marriage with Miss Lort, the heiress of this extensive domain. In the vicinity is Bosherston Mere, a remarkable cleft through which, during heavy gales from the south-west, the sea is forced up from beneath in a column 30 feet in height. A short distance east of Bosherston Mere is a curious hermi¬ tage called St Govan’s chapel. Carew Castle (T. G. W. Carew, Esq.), 4 miles from Pembroke, is well worthy of a visit. The road lies through rich and pictur¬ esque scenery. A little to the north a fine view of Milford may be obtained. A great part of Carew Castle is in a state of excellent preservation, and it ranks among the most beautiful and interesting ruins in the principality. It was one of the royal demesnes of the princes of South Wales, and with seven others, was given as a dowry with Nest, daughter of Rhj's ap Tew Dwr, to Gerald de Windsor, an ancestor of the Carew family. Henry VII. is said to have been entertained here in his progress to Bosworth Held. In 1644, it was garrisoned for the king, and held out a long siege. Half-a-mile to the south-east of the castle is the church of St John the Baptist, a large and venerable structure. Within this parish are Freestone Hall, J. Allen, Esq.; and Wilsdon, on the site of which Cromwell took up his quarters when besieging Pembroke Castle. The tourist is conveyed from Pembroke to Milford Haven by railway. The entrance to the haven is remarkably fine, and the extent and smoothness of the water give it the appearance of a lake. The harbour is said to be one of the best in Europe, and is capable of holding all the navy of England in perfect security. At the upper end of the haven is Milfobd, a remarkable neat well built town. Its trade is small and is principally connected with the dock¬ yard. Steam-packets sail daily to Waterford. The church is a very elegant building, with stained glass windows and a lofty tower at the west end. The custom-house, quay, observatory, and hotel, also deserve notice. The scenery around Milford is very picturesque. On a fork of land, formed by the confluence of the two rivers Cleddy and Cleddeu, stands Rose Castle, an ancient seat of the Owens, and higher up on the estuary of the Cleddeu is Picton Castle, the seat of the late Lord Milford, and now the residence of J. H Philipps, Esq IIAVERFORDWEST.-ST. DAVID’S. 135 Tne ancient style of grandeur in which the mansion was built is somewhat in¬ congruous with the modern alterations made on it. The castle commands a fine view towards Landshipping, where the two rivers meet, and jointly form Milford Haven. Close to Picton Castle is Slebech, once an ancient commandeiy of the Knights of Jerusalem. About 8 miles from Milford Haven is Haverfordwest. On the road is Steyn- ton, where Sir William Jones was a scholar. HAVERFORDWEST, a sea-port, market, and borough-town, is beautifully situated on an eminence above the navigable river Cleddy. It was the capital of the possessions of the Flemings, granted to them in the time of William Rufus and his son Henry. Its public buildings are three churches, a handsome guildhall, and the gaol, origi¬ nally the keep of an ancient castle, an extensive fortress erected by Gilbert de Clare, first Earl of Pembroke. In the civil wars, this castle was garrisoned for the King. Haverfordwest unites with Fishguard and Narberth in returning one M.P. Population, 6G00. From Haverfordwest to Pembroke by water is 15 miles, by the road, 10, to Cardigan, 28A. About 101 miles from Haverfordwest is Narberth, a small neat town, with the picturesque ruins of a castle. Popu¬ lation of borough, 1209. On the road to St. David’s, at the distance of about 6 miles, are the ruins of Roche Castle, commanding a most extensive view by sea and land. It sustained a siege against the Parliamentary forces during the civil wars. ST DAVID'S, sixteen miles from Haverfordwest, is an ancient but almost deserted city though still exhibiting indications of past splendour in its ecclesiastical remains, The cathedral is a venerable Gothic structure, displaying much ornamental ar¬ chitecture. It contains a variety of ancient monuments, and the bishop’s throne is of exquisite workmanship. Near the cathedral are the ruins of the Episco¬ pal palace, formerly a magnificent building, founded by Bishop Gower in the fourteenth century, and a chapel, the only relic of St Mary’s College, which was founded by John of Gaunt and Blanche, his wife. David, the national saint of Wales, with the consent of his nephew, King Arthur, is said to have removed the metropolitan see from Caerleon to Menevia, afterwards named St David’s. He was the first of 26 Archbishops of Menevia, and died here about the year 1544, after he had filled the metropolitan chair of Wales for sixty years, and was interred in his own cathedral. About 500 years after his death, he was canonized by Pope Calixtus II. His successors exercised the archiepiscopal power down to the time of Bishop Bernard, (consecrated in 1115,) who, by command of Henry I. resigned this power to the see of Canterbury. St David’s had once seven suf¬ fragans included within its metropobtan pale, viz, Worcester, Hereford, Llaiv 136 ST DAVID’S —FISHGUARD.—CARDIGAN.—TOUR THROUGH WALES. duff, Bangor, St Asaph, Llanbadarn, and Margam. It has had a greater num¬ ber of prelates than any other see in the kingdom, and has numbered among its bishops Bull, Lowth, Horsley, Burgess, &c. At present Bishop Thirlwall, the historian of Greece, presides over this see. The shrine of St David's, in ancient times, acquired the highest celebrity, and in the list of monarchs who resorted to it are to be included the names of William the Conqueror, Henry II , Edward I., Eleanor, his queen, &c. Population of parish, 2199. One mile west from St. David’s is the shell of St. Stephen’s Chapel, commanding an extensive view of Wkitsand Bay, in which stand six dangerous rocks called the Bishop and his Clerks. About 15 miles from St. David’s is Fishguard, situated on a bay of St. George’s Channel, forming an excellent harbour. In this and the adjoining parish are extensive quairies of excellent slate. Population of borough, 1593. About 6i miles from Fishguard is Newport, where are the ruins of a castle. In the vicinity are several Druidical remains. About 10 miles from Newport is the town of Cardigan, one mile before which are the ruins of St. Dogmell’s Priory The village of St. Dogmell’s is a remarkably picturesque object. CARDIGAN, the county-town of Cardiganshire, is situated near the mouth of the Tcifi. It carries on a considerable coasting trade. The principal buildings are, the church, a venerable structure; the town hall; the gaol; and an ancient bridge of seven arches. On a low cliff, at the foot of the bridge, are the ruins of the castle, once a strong fortress, but destroyed in the civil wars. A mansion 1 as been erected, by Mr. Bowen, on the site of the keep, the dungeons of which serve for cellars. Cardigan joins with Aberystwith, Adpar, and Lampeter, in returning one M.P., and gives the title of Earl to the family of Brudenell. Population 3500. The Teifi is celebrated for the richness of its scenery, particularly between Cardigan and Kilgerran Castle. From Cardigan to Haverfordwest is twenty-six miles, Nnrberth, twenty-six, Newcastle Emlyn, ten. About twenty-two miles from Cardigan is Aberaeron, a neat little sea-port, pleasantly situated at the mouth of the river Aeron, a stream celebrated for its trout and salmon. The scenery of this vale is particularly beautiful. Sixteen miles from Aberaeron is Aberystwith, whence the tourist may proceed by Machynlleth, Dolgelly, &c. See p. 139. LVIII. A TOUR THROUGH WALES. ox eight raosi beist. m ON LEFT EKOJI BEIST. From Bristol, Glouces- gjgj tershire, to St. Ar- 1 j van’s, Monmouthsh. 8551 Llanfihangel Tor-y- 19 23 mynydcL A TOUR THROUGH WALES— Continued. 137 c ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. p 2 P-. § 350| To Monmouth, 73 m. Clytha, W. Jones, Esq. 347 Coldbrook House, F. 11. Williams, Esq. ;> u 1 23 nn. farther a road leads on the right to Monmouth hi m., and on the left to Usk, 4 in. Ragland, famous for the ruins of the ancient castle of the So¬ mersets, Earls of Worces¬ ter, now Dukes of Beau¬ fort. It was almost en¬ tirely destroyed during the civil wars, after a siege of ten weeks, when garrisoned for the royal cause. Lord Raglan takes his title from this place. Clytha House. Junction of the roach ABERGAVENNY, 6*5 ON LEFT FROM BRIftT.| 2iU 31: 37? Usk is a place of great antiquity, situated on a tongue of land formed by the confluence of the Olna and Usk. It lias an an cient church, and the ruins of a priory. But the chief object of attention is the ruins of its castle. The Usk abounds with salmon, Pop of par. 2112. To Usu, 5.1 m. Clytha Castle, situated on an eminence, is a mau¬ soleum that was erected to the memory of the heiress of the house ol Tredegar. an ancient town situated at the junction of the Gavenny with the Usk. The ruins of the castle, which is in a very dilapidated state, form a very picturesque object. The church of St Mary was the chapel belonging to the priory, and contains many ancient monuments. The free grammar-school was founded in the reign of Henry VIII. The trade of the place has greatly declined, but during summer it is much frequented by visitors. Near Abergavenny is the '.agar-loaf mountain, 18S2 feet above the level of the sea. The ascent is easy, and the summit commands an extensive and beautiful prospect, 'i nis place gives the title of Earl to the Neville family. Pop. 4621. To Hereford, 24 m. Hill Ho. 3393 Pentre Inn. 39j Gian Usk Park, Sir J.| 3374 Enter South Wales. 414 Baiiey, Burt. Gwcmvale, J.Gwynne, Esq. More Park Here are the picturesque ruins of Tretower Castle. 333 Crickhowell, a small hut pretty town on the Usk. To the east of the town are the ruins of the castle. Pop. of par. 1516. Tretower. 46 To Merthyr Tydvil, 14 j miles. Buckland, J. F. G Wynne- Hollord, Esq. BIU.l KNOCK or 57? 32 U BRECON is delightfully situated at the confluence of the Honddu with the Usk; hence the British name of the town Aberhonddu. The objects chiefly deserving of attention are the ruins of the castle, consisting of some remains of the “ Keep” called “ Eiy-Tower,” so named from Dr. Morton, bishop of Ely, who was confined here by Richard III., and the scene of the conference of the bishop with Stafford Duke of Buckingham : the scanty remains of the priory founded in the reign of Hen ry I.: the Church of St John, at the end of which is a beautiful Saxon stone font: St Mary’s Church, with a steeple SO feet in height: St David’s Church, on the north hank of the Usk ; and Christchurch College, once a Dominican 133 A TOUR THROUGH WALES— Continued. priory, attached to which is a free grammar-schooL There are also several meeting-house? and charitable institutions. The ancient mansion called Breck¬ nock Priory, is the property of the Marquis Camden. Mrs Siddons was a nati'Ai of Brecon. One M.P. Pop. 6000. Ion right from brist. 4 m. dist. is Aberedwy. oneofthemost picturesque village! in Wales. Welfield, E. D. Thomas, Esq. 305 E2 BUILTH, a small town, delightfully 291 289; 2863 great strength. About i mile distant are the Pari Wells, much frequented. cr. river Wye. veep the river Wye on thi left cr. river Ithon. Rhayader. cr. river Wye. 2wtc. Ystwith (Cardi ganshire.) /&£ cr. the Ystwith. Pentre Brunant. Fountain Inn. Devil’s Bridge, a slnrul.irlv romantic spot, where a deep cleft in the rocks is crossed by two arches, one above the other,- beneath which the rapid river Mynach descends in terrific cascades. The lower arch is said to have been built by the monks of Str&ta-Horida Abbey, in reurn of William Rufus," and the upper arch was thrown over it in 1753. The Bafod Hotel, Devil’s Bridge, is an entire re¬ novation of the old Hafod Arms Hotel. The extensive a' tions and improvements l»een effected by a comp-« _ whom the property now be longs. 269J Eskynald. 261! ABERYSTWITH. From Bristol. ON LEFT FROM BRIST. 73| 87| Noyadd. . 99 1 Hafod, late Duke of New^ castle. The grounds ar^ remarkably beautiful. Xearthisspot areextensive lead mines. 102 106 109 117a Cross wood, Earl of Lisburne. Caermarthen, 46J, Car- ,digan, 57 k- a sea-port, borough, and market-town, situated at the mouths of the Rheidol and the Ystwith. It is the largest town in the county. It was once fortified with walls, a portion of which still remains on the shore. The castle, situated wes! of the town on a rock projecting into the sea, was founded in 1109 by Gilbert De Strongbow. It was afterwards destroyed, but was rebuilt in 1277 by Edward L It was a fortress of great strength, and once the residence of CadwaBaoet A TO UK THROUGH WALES— Continued. 13D It was finally destroyed by Cromwell. The ruin was the property of the late Duke of Newcastle. The to™ contains two churches and several meeting¬ houses, assembly rooms, a chalybeate spring, a library, baths, a theatre, &c. The castle house was built by the late Sir Uvedale Price of Foxley, Bart., after de¬ signs by Nash. Aberystwith has a considerable coasting trade in corn, lead, oak, bark, and butter. It is much frequented for sea-bathing. Extensive walks have been formed in the vicinity. There are several lead mines in this neigh¬ bourhood, so rich in silver that the district is called by the Welch Potosi From the Gogerddan mines, at present unworked and little known, Sir Hugh Middleton accumulated the wealth which he expended in his great under¬ taking of bringing the New River to London. Aberystwith unites with Car¬ digan, Adpar, and Lampeter, in returning one M.P. Pop. nearly 7000. About 3 miles distant is Nanteos, W. E. Powell, Esq., and Gogerddan, Pryse Loveden, Esq. S3 £2 QN RIGHT FROM BRIST. O CJ O to P- CJ « From Machynlleth you may cross to Shrewsbury through Welsh-Pool. 243| Machynlleth (. Mont¬ gomeryshire ,) a very ancient market-town and borough, beautifully situated at tne confluence of 1354 the Dulas and Dyfi. It forms the centre of the woollen trade in this part of the country. Here is an ancient structure to which Owen Glyndwr is said to havesummonedthenobility and gentry of Wales in 1402. Forward to Dinas Mo wd- Pop, 1640. dwy, 13 miles. 2421 ^0 cr. the river Dyfi. Junction of the road. 1364 239| Esgairgeiliog. Enter Merionethsh. 139| 235| Junction of the road. 1434 To Dinas Mowddwy, 6$ miles. 231| Dinas Mowddwy road. 1474 223| DOLGELLY, 1504 ON LEFT FROM BRIST. To Towyn, 1) mile. situated in a fertile valley on the river Wnion, surrounded by mountains, and greatly celebrated for its beautiful scenery. It is much frequented by persons making excursions of pleasure, and there is perhaps no place in the principality whence so many excursions may be advantageously made. Those mostly taken are to Machynlleth, the waterfalls, Barmouth, Cader Idris, Dinas Mowddwy, thence to Bala, over the mountains, and back through the vale in which the Dee rises. Owen Glyndwr assembled his Parliament at Dolgelly in 1404. Some Roman coins have been found in this vicinity, bearing this inscription, imp. cassar traian. A considerable trade in coarse cloth is carried on at Dolgelly. Pop. 18G1, 2217. Near Dolgelly is Cader Idris, ip height the second mountain in Wales. The summit is 2830 feet above the town. 140 A TOUR THROUGH WALES— Continued. Its ascent is much easier than that of Snowdon, and its summit, in a clear dev commands a ■view more than 400 miles in circumference. Two miles from Dol- gelly is Nannau, once the residence of IJawel Lele, an inveterate enemy of Owen Glyndwr. It was the ancient seat of the family Nanney of Nannau, but now through marriage, is that of Sir R. TV. Vaughan, Bart. In the upper part of the park are the remains of a British fort. Ten miles distant from Dolgelly is Bar¬ mouth, one of the most frequented watering-places in Wales. The intervening scenery is remarkably grand. From Dolgelly to Bala, 18 miles; to llarlech, 18 miles. ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. Llwyn. Tynycoed. cr. river Wnion. Llanelltyd. B2 c ON LEFT FROM BRIST. 152 To Barmouth, 10 miles. To Harlech, 17 miles. 2 miles distant is the vil¬ lage of Festiniog, situated in a most enchanting vale. Near it are the falls of the Cynfael, and between them a singular rock called Hugh I.oyd's pulpit. The summit of Snowdon is 3571 feet above the level of the sea. It is about 5 or G yards in diameter, and is surrounded by a low wall. In a clear day, part of Eng¬ land, Scotland, Ireland, and the Isle of Man may l»e distinctly seen. Fla3-y-Nant, Sir R. B. Williams Bulkeley, Bart., Lord-Lieutenant of the County. 2154 2101 209; 2021 201 , Trawsfvnydd. Maentwrog, remarkable for the pictu resque scenery by which it is surrounded. Taa-y-Bwlch Inn. Pont- Aberglasly n is a single stone arch built over a rapid mountain tor¬ rent that divides the coun¬ ties of Merioneth and Caer¬ narvon. Beddgelert (Caernar¬ vonshire.) Here guides maybe procur¬ ed to ascend Snowdon, the summit of which is (j miles distant. 1634 1684 lrn , Plas-Tan-y-Bwlch. W aoj 2 G. Oukeley, Esq. Th* I grounds are extensive and interesting. To Criccieth, 11| m., to Caernarvon by Lianllyfni 25 miles. 176 The surroundingseenery is remarkably sublime and picturesque. 1774 Persons wishing to as¬ cend Snowdon from Caer¬ narvon should proceed to the village of Dol Bedarn, and there procure a guide. 194J 1894 Bettws- Garmon. CAERNARVON, an ancient town, situated partly on the Menai strait, partly on the estuary of the Seiont. It was the only sta¬ tion the Romans possessed in this part of Cambria. 1844 1894 To Pwllheli, 22 miles, to Nevin, 21 miles. Coed Helen. Some fragments of the walls of the ancient city still remain. Near the Seiont was a strong fort, long the residence of the British princes. The principal ob¬ ject of interest is the castle erected by Edward I. The external walls are nearly entire, and aie from 8 to 10 feet tiiicic. This castle was the birth-place of Ed¬ ward II. T1 e room in which he was born is still shown. It was taken and re- A TOUR THROUGH WALES— Continued. 141 taken during the civil wars. It was held by the late Field-Marshal the Marquis of Anglesey as constable. On the outside of the town walls, a spacious terrace ex¬ tends from the quay to the north end of the town. There is a fine view from the summit of the rock behind the Caernarvon Hotel. In the vicinity are numerous Druidical circles and ancient monumental stones. It is surrounded by the wildest of Snowdonian scenery. Caernarvon gives the title of Earl to a branch of the Herbert family. Population 9400. It joins with Conway, Criccieth, Pwllheli, Bangor, and Nevin, in returning 1 M.P. ON RIGHT FROM BRTST. >» ? "c -r ~ r ~ 1 From | Bristol. ON LEFT FROM BRIST. 186$ Llanfair. 192$ Plas Llanfair. Bryntvrion. Vayuol House. 181$ Menai Bridge (p. 182) 1974 178$ BANGOR (p. 182). 200 Trebortli. From Bangor you may proceed by Pen Maen Mawr to Aberconway, and re¬ turn through the vale of Llanrwst to Cerniogau Mawr, and thence to Capel Curig (see pp. 180-181), or proceed through St Asaph and Holywell to Chester. The tourist may return to Bristol by Chirk, Oswestry, Welsh-Pool, Montgomery, Weobley, Hereford, and Monmouth. For a description of the road from Bangor to Oswestry, see pp. 180-181. Porkington, W. Orms- by Gore, Esq. Broom Hall. To Bala, 26 miles. To Llanfyllin, 8 miles. One mile distant is Powis Castle, the seat of the Earl of Powis. Leighton Hall. To Newtown, 9 m., to Llanfair, 12 m. Gunley, Rev. R. II. II. l’ryce. Nantcribba, Viscount Hereford. To Newtown, 81 miles. Llanfair, 12 miles. 113$ 110 107$ 104$ 100 $ 97$ Oswestry. Llynclys. Llanymynech. cr. riv. Vyrnwy, & enter Montgomeryshire. Junction of the road. About a mile farther, a road leads off on the right to Welsh-Pool hy Guiis- field, 7 miles. New Quay. WELSH-POOL Is one of the chief marts for Welsh flannel. Population 7uuo To the north of the town, on Moel-y-Gulfa, is an obelisk erected in commemoration of Lord Rodney’s victory over the French fleet in 17S2. 265$ I To Shrewsbury, 17$ m 208$ To Ellesmere, 7$ m. 271 To Shrewsbury, 16 m. To Shrewsbury, 15$ m. 274$ 278$ 281 1 m. distant, on the opposite side of the Se¬ vern, is Buttington where, in 894, the Hanes were routed by the generals of King Alfred. Llwynderw. 951 -ft?? cr. the Severn. 93$ Forden. 89$ MONTGOMERY. 283 285$ 289$ The church is a venerable cruciform structure, containing an exquisitely carved screen and rood-loft, removed from the priory of Cherbury at the dissolution of that establishment. In the south transept is a sumptuous monument to the memory of the father of the celebrated Lord Herbert of Cherbury. The latter was born at Eyton in Shropshire in 1581. Montgomery was formerly surrounded by walls, and possessed a castle supposed to have been founded by Baldwin, A TOUR THROUGH WALES— Continued, 142 lieutenant of the marches, to William the Conqueror. This fortress seems te hare been held by the ancestors of Lord Herbert of Cberbury and was the prin¬ cipal residence of that family, and a branch of the Herbert family, Earls of Pem¬ broke and Montgomery, derives the latter title from this place. During the civil wars, it was garrisoned for the King by Lord Herbert, who surrendered on the approach of the Parliamentary army. The Kovalists attempted to take it, but were completely defeated. Only a few fragments of the building now remain. Not far from the castle, situated on a hill, is a very extensive British fort. Montgo¬ mery unites with Llanidloes, Welsh-Pool, Llanfyllin, Newtown, and Machynlleth, in returning one M.P. Pop. of Montgomery borough 1861, 1276. About two miles south-west stood Blackhall, once the hospitable residence of the Herbert family. It was consumed by fire. At a short distance is Lymore Park, one of the seats of the Earl of Powis. At the distance of 24 miles, on the Shrewsbury road, stands the priory of Cberbury, founded in the reign of King John. About 5 miles from Montgomery is the long mountain or Cefn Digol, celebrated as the spot where, in 1291, the last battle took place between the Welsh and the English E3 ON RIGHT FROM CRIST. O o o To rn « ft, - Mellington. lO 00 Red-Court House. 293} 824 Bishop’s Moat. 296} Three m. distant, Wal- cot Hall, Earl of Powis, and near it are the re- m BISHOP’S CASTLE (Salop.) The Bishops of Hereford 298} mains of several encamp- had formerly a castle here, meats. which, however, has long Bince been destroyed. The town prior to the Reform Act, which disfranchised it, returned two M.P. Pop. of par. 2083. cr. river Clun. 75 Clun. 303} cr. river Teme. Knighton unites witli 63 KNIGHTON ( Radnorsh.) 310} New Radnor, Fresteign, or in Welch Tref-y-Clawdd, Rhayader, Cefn Llvs, and derives its name from its Knuclasiu returning one situation on the earthen M.P. rampart raised by Olfa as a separation between the British and Saxons. A castle formerly stood here, but no traces of it are now visible. Pop. 1655. 313} 65 Norton. To New Radnor 7} m. ifjg cr. river Lug. 63J PRESTEIGN, 315} situated partly in Radnor and partly in Hereford. It lias a cliurcli, a town-ball, where the assizes are held, and a free school. To the north of the town there is a circular hill, ornamented with plantations and de- i lightful walks. Pop. of L Par. 23S3. ON LEFT EBOM BE1ST. To Bishop’s Castle Oakley House, and be- To Ludlow byOnibury, 8 m., by Bartord G 17 m. To Ludlow, 17 m. Two miles distant Stanage Pa, E. Rogers. Esq. toil Park. To Ludlow, 16 m. Hereford, 28 m. Ten bury, IS in., Leominster 14} m. nUeh &rr hynCa f etheeda Pairhyn Qi Larvan Gh/rinop-f^ Tremadoi Portnupta IVUlieTi Llane/hytl Bannoutli\ Caderldrie Bardiey I. (j.Omttsh BufiFinl. Trr/r ' Mot S'-nil t.’Wt/T I Tal-y Ui/n 0 rj u l p SKETCH MAP OF NORTH WALES - Rail trays -—-- Roads Only t/io*f ar*> inserted i/iat are described in the Guide Book. AFervstw-vt b y/U.^"‘ J ‘‘ rn ' W j BarTholorru*. EdOi' A TOUR THROUGH WALES—Continued. 143 s-g ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. c ^ y* 4» To New Radnor, 73 m. Eywood. At a distance Harpton Court, Rt. Hon. Sir T. F. Lewis, Bart. Newport House. Two m. distant is Lady Lift, an eminence com¬ manding an extensive pro¬ spect. Gamstone, S. Peploe, Esq. Foxley. In the distance Gar- nons, Sir G. H. Cotterell, Hart., and beyond Moccas Court, Sir V. Cornewall, Hart. 615 GO 56] 54‘ 51. 49| 47: 444 424 41? 384 37| 36] 18 From Bristol. 4^0 cr. river Endwell. Rodd ( Herefordshire ). 317 Titley. 318f KINGTON ( Uerrfordsh .) 322] carries on a considerable clothing business, and a trade in iron and nails. Mrs Siddons first acted in a barn in this town. Ly onshall ( Hercfordsh .) 324] Woonton. 327] Sarnesfield. 329 WEOBLEY. 331 a small town, noted for its malt liquor. Here stood an ancient castle, which was taken from the Empress Maud by King Stephen. Wormesley. 334] Brinsop Court. 336] Tillington. 3374 Cross Elms. 340] White Cross. 3414 342> HEREFORD (seep 143.) MONMOUTH (see p. 144.) 360] Beachley. 378] ON LEFT FROM BR1ST Staunton Park, (J. K. King, Esq.) and beyond Sliobdon, (Lord Bateman.) Titley Co. Whittern, Moor Court. Sarnesfield House. Tiltington Co Burgliill Co. LIX. BRISTOL.—CHEPSTOW.—MONMOUTH.—HEREFORD.— I.UDLOW.— SHREWSBURY.—CHESTER.—LIVERPOOL.—1584 Miles. 155] Eedland Court, Richaid Vauelian. Eedland House. Ovcrcourt and Kno1e]5(3 Park, W. C. Master, Esq. I ' Sedbury Park, G. Orme- 1454 rod, Esq. Westbury. Compton Green-Field. Aust or Old Passage. cr. river Severn. The old passage has now been ereatlv unproved. Beachley. 64 lii 124 Stokeliouse and Leigh Court, \V. Miles, Esq. Cole House. 2 m. dist. King’s Wes¬ ton, P. \V. S. Miles, Esq. Holly House Beacliley Lodge, 144 BRISTOL. CHEPSTOW, MONMOUTH, die.—Continue i. ON RIGHT FROM GRIST. On the other side of the Wye, Hardwicke House. St Lawrence. About a mils from Chepstow is Piercefield, a noble mansion, celebrated for the views obtained from its walks, which extcn along the banks of the Wye for 3 niiies. 41! The ruins of Tintein Abbey, 4 miles from Chep¬ stow, belonging to the Duke of Beaufort, form a remarkably beautiful and picturesque object. The monastery was founded in the year 1131 by Walter de Clare. At the dissolution, the site was granted to H enry second Earl of Wor- ccstcr, ancestor of its pre¬ sent possessor. The ruins are seen to great advantage from a spot about half a mile down the river. 139] 3$0 cr. river Wye. CHEPSTOW, Monmouth. Chepstow carries on a con¬ siderable trade in timber, coals, grindstones, iron, anti cider. The most interesting object is the ruins of the cas¬ tle, situated on the edge of a lofty precipice overhanging the Wye. The ruins are covered with ivy, and pre¬ sent a very picturesque ap¬ pearance. Here Henry Martin, one of the regicides, was confined for more than twenty years. The oldest portionsof the building were ejected about 800 years ago by William Fitz'osborne, Earl of Hereford. The church, which wasformerly the chapel of a Benedictine I Priory, contains the monu- jment of Henry second Earl of Worcester.and the grave¬ stone of Henry Martin. I Pop. 3364. St Arvans. Clearwell Cattle, Pari of Duuraveii and Mount arl.i 138] 135] 133] 1282 WvndclifF. Tintern. Llandogo. Bigswear, Iron Bridge. cr. river Wye, and enter Gloucestershira Redbrook. Enter Monmouthshire. 4^0 cr. river Wye. e 17 19 20 23 25 30J The ride* and walks in the vicinity of the town are peculiarly romantic. Prom the summit of Ky- min hill, where a monu¬ ment to Nelson has been elected, there is a pros¬ pect of remarkable extent and beauty. To Mitcliel Dean by Coleford, 13 m. To Ross, 10 £ m. MONMOUTH. Monmouth, the capital of the county, is pleasantly si¬ tuated at the confluence of the Monnow and the Wye. The principal objects aret:u town hall, the county gaol, the free school, St Mary’s church, St Thomas’s church, the ruins of the once cele¬ brated castle, the remains of the ancient walls, &c. The inhabitants are chiefly em¬ ployed in the iron and tin works in the neighbourhood. Monmouth, together with Usk and Newport, returns one M. P. to Parliament. Pop. of borough 5 ( J00. Henry Y. and Gcotlrey of Monmouth, the historian I or chronicler, were natives of this town ON LEFT FROM ERLST. The tide rises here to a, great height (on some oc¬ casions over 60 feet), and very suddenly. To Monmouth by the old road througn Trelleck, 14 miles. The view from the sum¬ mit of Wyndclifl’ extends into nine counties, and is considered one of the most beautiful in England. Onemiloanda half from Monmouth is Troy House, (Dukeof Beaufort,) once famous for its gardens, which have been converted into orchards. Here are shown the, cradle of Henry V., and the sword which lie bore at Agincourt. To Abergavenny by Dingestow and Tregare, 1G£ m., by Ragland, 17 in.: To Usk by Ragland, 13 ui.l II. THE LOWER WYE. (MONMOUTH TO CHEPSTOW.) Stauntoiiy MONMOUTH J.ffiiodcholt ’Enclosure DidFieUls Tam L/oi if nan (a Faroe WoM 7J ^ / f kfim ■ J) l(W H/l \P$ Arcfoh , TJmjFr HnrF ' vivA^* ./ TregoynTlt yC'V^X M hjt. hi i .• X, '■ WJ^fo&k M. ill/)/-Vrood Trmfffi/I ,.P>‘ .. . i ,V nlFlort H P,-niiV„n’:r_ i"'$CfkgZt \ Ji/r\ A'/>i-„ /iyifrt uwlterftrrd | man dOrore, tLotyeZ ■arwell , Anaait : rPnrl>-\ U^g£y\ L,lanif/uini Siotof] [j *’ Berrh V Krwll Mt ' f .Block, Edinburgh.. BRISTOL CHEPSTOW. MONMOUTH, HEREFORD, &C-LOnUnued. 143 B tr go ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. c w ON LEFT FROM URIST. I23| Welsh Newton, ( Here - 35 Harewood, Sir H. II 08 - fordskire.) kyns, Bart. 1194 St Weonards. 39 Treago, P. R. Mynors, Lystou House, Ilenry 115| Wormelow Tump. 424 Esq. Whittaker, Esq. Bryngwyn, J. Phillips, Esq., and 1 in. distant. Mvnde Park, T. G. Sy- Near Callow are the re" mains of Itomau Camps. In the distance Holme Lacy, Sir E. F. Scudamore Stanhope, Bart. 1134 Callow. cr. river Wye. 45 Allensmore Park, E. I> Pateshall, Esq. 2 m. dist. Rotherwas Park, C. Bortenham, Esq. 1094 HEREFORD. 49 The principal building is the cathedral, refounded in the time of William I. It contains numerous sepulchral monuments as far hack as the eleventh cen¬ tury. The library contains a great number of MSS., among which is Wyc- liffe’s Bible. The cathedral was much injured by the fall of the west front in the year 173G, which has been since rebuilt, though with little regard to con¬ sistency of architecture. Two of the five churches of the city were destroyed during a siege in 1G45. The other buildings worthy of notice are the court-house, the Bishop’s Palace, the College inhabited by the vicars choral, the county gaol, the Theatre, of which the Kemble family had for many years the direction, the ruins of a monastery of Blackfriars, &c. The principal manufactures are those of gloves, leather, and flannels. The county has long been celebrated for cider. A triennial meeting is held here of the three choirs of Hereford, Worcester, and Gloucester, for the performance of oratorios, and the profits are appro¬ priated to charitable purposes. Guillim the Herald, Nell Gwynne, and Garrick, were natives of Hereford. It affords the title of Viscount to the Devereux family The borough returns tw r o M.P. Pop. 18,300. To Ledbury, 151 m. To Worcester, 255 rn. Brornyaid, 14 m. Race Course. 1074 Holmer. 1064 Pipe. Moreton House, 105.1 Moreton. 104 Wellington. Hampton Court, (J. 1004 Hope under Dinmore. Arkwright, Esq.) said to have been built by Henry IV. It belonged at one Wharton. time to Baron Coningsby, 99 the General ot William III. 4^0 cr. river Arrow. Leominster has various 964 Leominster. meeting-houses, free and This town carries on a national schools, and cha- considerable trade in fiats, L To Hay, 19} m. To Kinston by Yazor. 28}, by Weoblcy, 29j m. 508 51| K03 4 544 572 Winslrv, Sir J. Johnstone, Bart, V. B 594 Ryelands, R. Lane, Esq. 61 f The river Lugg flows on ,the east and north sides »©f Leominster, and two |4f> BRISTOL, CIIE1 STOW, MONMOUTH, HEREFORD, i'j— Continue'!, ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. f= & C W ritable institutions. Race* are held in August. It re¬ turns one M.P. Pop. 5658. To Tenbury, 11 m. To Ludlow, 12£ m. To Bromyard, 11 £ m. Berrington, Lord Rod¬ ney. 94 wheat, wool, cider, hops, &c. The principal objects are the church, rebuilt at the commencement of last cen¬ tury,—the Butter cross, a singular building of timber and plaster, erected about the year 1633,—the market- house, the gaol, and the House of Industry, which was part of a priory. This town gives the title of Ra- roi^o the Earls of Pomfret ■*£^3 cr. river Lugg. Two roads lead from Leo¬ minster to Ludlow, the one by Stockton Cross 1 $ m. Ashton 21, Brimfield 21, Ashford Rowdier 1|, Ludlow 2 J- all 10 m., or by Lnston. S O £.a P-ir w G4J ON LEFT FROM BRIST. j smaller streams pass through the town. It is of ancient date, and many of the timber and plaster houses are ornamented with curious and grotesque carvings. To Kington, 21 m. To Presteign, 14$ m. Eyton Hall, E. Evans, Esq. II igh wood House. Moor Park, J. Salvc-y, Esq., and beyond Ash¬ ford Hall. 9 j Orleton. Richard’s Castle. 88 Overton, ( Shropshire .) The Sheet. 86 A LUDLOW 684 • The Tlaye Park, J. Sal¬ ley, Esq.’ 70.1 The Lodge, J. Salwey, Esq. 71 i Ludford Park, E. L. Charlton, Esq. To Presteign, 161. 21 m. distant, Henley Court. To Cleobury Mortimer, 1 U m. To Bridgnorth, 19J. is a populous and very ancient town, situated on an eminence at the junction of the rivers Corve and Teme. Here are the ruins of a castle which was long the residence of royalty, and afterwards of the Lords Presidents of the Welsh marches. Prince Arthur, the brother of Henry VIII., held his court, and died in this castle, and Milton’s Mask of Comus was first performed here under the direction of tne Earl of Bridgewater. In one o/ the towers, Butler wrote a part of Hudibras. The church contains a number of curious antique monuments and inscriptions. One M. P. Pop. 6000. Oakley Park, Ladvj Windsor. | I Stone Ho. Earl of Powis ; Sibdon Cattle and ui J To Much Wenlock, 18 miles CO Race Course. 73| In the distance Stanton 83J Bromfield Cliurch. 744 Lacy, and beyond Down- ton Hall, Sir C. ii R. Roughton, Bart. «U 7Sj Onibury. Swkesay. 77 7 9 BRISTOL, CHF.PSTOW, MONMuUTH, HEREFORD, dec.— Continued. ] 47 ON RIGHT FROM HR 1ST. Acton Scott HalL To Much Wenlock, 123 miles. 1$ mile distant is Caerl Caradoc or Cralock, at the top of which the remains of an old British camp are still visible. Longnor Hall. To Wellington, 17 miles. Three miles distant Acton Burnell Castle, Sir C. F. Smythe, Bart. To Wellington, 14 miles. Condover, E. W. S. Owen, Esq. Longner Hall, and be¬ yond Attingham HaJl, 1 Lord Berwick. £ £• 1 % 6*2 O A ON LEFT FROM BRIST. little distance, Walcot Pa. Earl of Powis. 78 80} To Bishop’s Castle, bv 76} Stretford. 811 Lydbury North, 9J miles. 7H Felhampton. 83 ■\Vistan9ton. 72i Little Stretton. 86 “4 O Church Stretton. 1 ^ CO 694 All Stretton. 88| Here are the traces of Watlmg Street, one of the finest specimens of a Ro- 66.1 Lee Botwood. 91} man road in the kingdom. It is formed of large stakes, with wattles woven be¬ tween them. It commences at Dover, and terminates at Cardigan. 651 Longnor. 92} 64] .Dorrington. 94 Lyth HilL 60} Baiston Hill. 98 cr. the Leol brook. 57-f SHREWSBURY. O o Shrewsbury is situated on two eminences, and surrounded on three sides bv the Severn. The streets are narrow and steep. It was formerly surrounded hv a wall, defended by several towers, of which scarcely any vestige now remains. Its castle has now become private property, and part of it has been formed into a mansion. Shrewsbury and its neighbourhood have been the scene of various interesting events. The town itself has sustained many severe sieges; and, four miles distant, at Battlefield Church, is the spot where the famous battle took place, in 1103, between Henry IV. and Hotspur. Shrewsbury has on various occasions, for short periods, been the residence of royalty, and Parliaments hav® also been held within its walls. The town contains many public buildings worthy of notice, among which may be mentioned the different churches, the town-hall, the market-house, the county-hall, the infirmary, the gaol, the free grammar-school, founded by Edward VI., and raised into great repute by Bishop Butler; the theatre, said to have formed part of an ancient palace, &c. There are two handsome bridges over the Severn, and a delightful promenade on its banks, called St Chad’s Walk, or the Quarry. Shrews¬ bury is the chief mart for Welsh webs, which are made in Montgomery. 148 BRISTOL, CHEPSTOW, MONMOUTH, HEREFORD, Sec. — Continued. and dressed here. This town is also famous for *ts brawn and cakes. It returns two members to Parliament. Pop. 23,300. Four miles from the town are the interesting ruins of Haughmond Abbey, founded in the year 1100, by William Fitzallan. Of the abbey church the nave only remains, having a roof of fine oak. Speaker Onslow, Dr Burney, and many other eminent men, were natives of this town. From Shrewsbury to Newport is 18 miles; to Welling¬ ton, 11 miles; to Drayton, 18 miles; Oswestry, 18 miles; Bishop’s Castle, 20 miles; Montgomery, 21} miles; Welsh-Pool, 19 miles. Shrewsbury is con¬ nected by railway with all parts of the kingdom. ON RUiHT FROM BRIST. About one mile from "Shrewsbury is a column, surmounted by a statue of General Viscount Hill erected in 1816- At a distance Sundornt Castle, A.W. Corbet, Esq To Wem, 4| miles. To Whitchurch, 11£ m. j To Wem, 9J miles. Oteley Park, and be; Bettisfield Park. Sii Hanmer, Bart., and Gre¬ din gton Hail, Lor 1 nyon. green, commands a de lightful prospect. | m. beyond Overton Bryn-y-Pys, F R. Pii Es'q.and Maesgwayl Lodge, near wljicli Gwernhayled, and, tin miles distant, Em Park, Sir It. Pulestoi Bart. To Whitchurch, 13 m. Cefn Hall. to Chester, 8 miles. 'placeof Judge Jeffreys. e & So |ts DN LEFT FROM BRIST. 104 i 2 miles beyond Shrews-j bury is Shelton, celebrated 'or an immense oak,44 feet! 3 inches in circumference. | 54} Albrighton. 52 Harmer Hill. 106} 50! Middle. 108 48| Burlton. 109} Petton Hall. 46 Cockshut. 112} 4*2J cross F.llesmere canaL H5| Hardwicke House, Sir J. R. Kvnaston, Bart. 414 Ellesmere. Pop. 3643 116! To Oswestry, miles. To Llangollen, 15 miles. 36i f Overton, ( Flintshire .) 121! Overton Lodge. Rose Hill. In the distance Wyn- Eyton, (Denbighshire.) nstay. Sir W. W. Wynn liiri^and beyond Ruabon. 1 31A Marchwiel. 126} Erddig, S. Yorke, Esq. , 29} WREXHAM 129 To Ruthin, 10 miles. is a populous and well-buil town, noted for its fairs To Mold, 12 miles. . e The church is a splendid building, of the fifteenth century. The interior i richly adorned, and contain a superb altar-piece, besides a number of beautiful mo L - numents. Pop. 8GU0. 1 Gwersyllt Hall, and GwersyUt HilL BRISTOL, CHEPSTOW, MONMOUTH, HEREFORD, he.—Continued. l4l> ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. From Liverp. [ From Bristol. ON LEFT FROM BRIST. Horseley Hall. Nctherleigh House. Grcsford Road. 133 Gresford Lodge, Sir II A. Johnson, Bait. Trefalen. Eaton Hall, Marquis of Westminster. Eccleston. 23 cross river Alun. Pulford, {Cheshire.) 135] cross river Dee. l?a CHESTER. 140f Chester is an ancient and populous city situated on an eminence. The old houses are singularly constructed. They have porticoes running along the front, affording a covered walk to pedestrians, and beneath these are shops and warehouses on a level with the street. The castle is said to have been erected in the reign of William the Conqueror. A part of the original building has been repaired, and part of it was demolished, and a range of magnificent build¬ ings has been erected on its site. They consist chiefly of an armoury contain¬ ing nearly 30,000 stand of arms, barracks, court of justice, county gaol, the shire hall, the r ffices of the palatinate, and a curious ancient chapel. Thecathedr.il was the church of the dissolved abbey of St Werburgh. It contains curious monuments, and a neat choir. The bishop’s throne was formerly the shrine of St Werburgh. The chapter-house, a beautiful edifice on the east side of the cloisters, appears to have been erected in the time of Handle, the first Earl of Chester, whose remains, together with those of his uncle and several of his suc¬ cessors, were deposited here. St John’s Church, on the east side of the city, without the walls, is supposed to have been founded by Ethelred in 689. In Trinity Church lie the remains of Matthew Henry the commentator, and of Par¬ nell the poet. Sir J. Vanbrugh was a native of Chester. Chester contains va- tious other churches, several meeting-houses, charitable institutions, public libraries, &c. Chester was formerly a Roman station, and abounds with anti¬ quities. Its ancient walls, which are still standing, are about two miles in cir¬ cumference, and form a delightful promenade, commanding fine views. There are four gates in the city walls. Races are held in spring and autumn on a fine course called the Roodee. Here Edward of Caernarvon received the submission of the Welsh in 1300. It was besieged and taken by the Parliamentary forces in 1045. It returns two M.P. Pop. 36,000. Eaton Hall, a seat of the. Marquis of Westminster, situated on the banks of the Dee, about 3i miles from Chester, is a superb mansion, rebuilt in the Gothic style, from designs by Sir Porden in 1813, and is fitted up with great splendour. It contains West’s two fine paintings of Cromwell dissolving the Parliament, and the landing of Charles IF. From Chester to Holywell is 181 miles; to Great Neston, 10J; to Park- gate, 12; to Frodsham. 11 : to Tarporlev, 1‘JJ, 150 BRISTOL. CHEPSTOW, MONMOUTH. HEREFORD, Continued. ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. From Liverp.. i From Bristol. 1 i ON LEFT FROM BRIST. Hoole House. Chorlton. cr. Ellesmere canal. Moston Hall. Backford Hall, B. Glegg, Esq. 14 * Backford. 144 Mollington Hall. Hcoton Hall. o ■U|C0 Great Sutton. 147.1 Tliree miles distant I’uddington Hall, and Burton Hall. 8 Eastham. 1504 Thornton Hall. Sutton Hall. Bromborough Hall. Birkenhead Priory, a fine picturesque ruin. It was founded about 1150. 6 | 41 2 1 Bromborough. Lower Bebington. Tranmere. Woodside Ferry. (S 5 ® cross river Mersa 7 LIVERPOOL. (See p. 221.) 1511 15.3! 1561 2571 158} Poulton Hall. Birkenhead (see p.246.) LX. BRISTOL TO GLOUCESTER, WORCESTER, AND KIDDERMINSTER, 80} Miles. ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. of Beaufort. Alveston Lodge. I Ducie. Tortwor of Ducie. To Dursley, 3 miles, I near which is the village I of Nibley, where W " Tindale was born. £ From Bristol. ON LEFT FROM BRIST. 78 Ilorfield. 24 Henley House. 764 Filton. 3f Pen Park. 744 Patchway House 6 Over Court. 73| Almondsbury. 7 Knole Park, W. C. Mas¬ ter, Esq. 'locking ton. 71 Alveston. 94 704 Ship Inn. 10 1 miledist. is Thombury, an ancient town, with an elegant church, and the ruins of a castle, erected by the Duke of Buckingham who was beheaded by Richard 674 Junction of the road. 13 in. 654 Falfield. 143 Hill Court House, H. 64| Stone. 16 Jcnxier Fust, Esq. 624 Newport. 17f 614 Berkeley Heath. 19 1J mile dist. is Berkeley, the birth place of Dr Jenner, the discoverer of vaccina¬ tion. Here is Berkeley Castle, the ancient baronuu BRISTOL & BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY. (BIRMINGHAM TO WORCESTER. CHELTENHAM, GLOUCESTER & BRISTOL.) XHEMEXttj ( Ifdjbicn, StnirifM Unsfiidiii ttrhotini : Urrwrrlr^ SanrfhU iflal^stVwen I Aortfil'jfhl, ~~ J^mhm/ccf' ranJcieu Q mgs omen 'Brorkifortfi. Bu.ffi 'ofmi ft Hml.-rf . ( Bj/dftm! Villi Inr ' I'm n hi barnxieif ' il'iithAr/.' I’lNmisorovt: Vl'llftoll " ) i, Pit3frr»mh-\ ^KJlamln’i rlc !U on//// s I) rl / //< p on In/ JMiuhthtitfi =4»rt^ 'inrhrmrttrr^^.'/ y ZJ^jyortfi /jV.ivtr/o woir^iC'iv-s. ,In-fib,rFJ W KllhJSt^iryl \&X/r»M'Xv.v7)M/v/' Irrki'h'H X R/x>il .Vca/Y<(/7^7Y£ An>ii/,firipi\\ ^ uilhnrolviir Cfui i r,im/r \ll"4\ . Jhhy.s I HfyeJcA Til' 'ijutoiirv Urbit-jhiiiH Kill ilrii Ukdisriiig?. IKriant/toll iXS r ortnn f < n- rrlut ri )' >Piinlnp 'S 'Fr.Ma^cn ^y0y{jy J ■f’iilii/1 > Rrnbuni w%. T X/tyhtfW' iavr/j/o/j \$\iiivlcpiK' BRISTl TEXH.gS^ drlldTOL TO OLOUCESTP.lt. WORCESTER, be.—Continued,. 151 i g 5 ON Rinur FROM BRIST.IS? 1 mile distant theLeaze : Mvs P. Hickes. Alkerton, II. Purnel Hickes, Esq. in the distance. Spring Park, Earl of Ducie. In the distance, Stand* r >3.J tali Park. 574 To Painswlc!: 61 miles. Cirencester, 17 miles. To Cheltenham," miles. To Tewkesbury, 10J m. Chambers’ Court. Pull Court, W. Dowdes- vrell, Esq. Ham Court. To Perslmre, miles. 51 46» 35§ 28.' 251 3 miles distant Croome Court, Earl Coventry. The Ithyd, Sir E. H Lechmere, Bart. Sevt.ni End. Cambridge Inn. 22 * cr. the riv. Stroud, and the Thames and Severn Canal. Moreton Valence. 27 Hard wicke. 29 GLOUCESTER. 33^ (See p. 156.) !$?) cr. riv. Severn, and the Gloucester Canal. Division of the roads. Longdon, (Worcester shire.) Upton. 5) miles beyond Upton are Malvern Wells, situated at the foot of the Malvern hills; and, 2J miles further is Great Malvern, a village of considerable antiquity, and the principal place of accommodation for those who visit the wells. Its church, erected in the reign of Henry VII., contains se¬ veral curious monuments. Behind the village the Mai vern Hills rise 1441 feet abovethe levelof theSevem. Hanley Castle. Rhyd Green, (To Great Malvern, 4 m.) residence of the Berneley family, and now the seat of Admiral Sir M. Ber¬ keley. It was founded ' soon after the Conquest,) and has been the scene of various historical events, among others of the mur¬ der of Edward II. The castellated form of the mansion is still preserved, and it contains a large collection of portraits. Gossington Hall. Frampton Court, II. C. Clifford, Esq. Smiles distant Fretherne Lodge. 542 Hiudwicke Court, T. J. L. Baker, Esq. Quedgeley House, J. C. Hayward, Esq. Hempstead Couit, Kev. S. Lysons. To Ledbury 10 miles, Great Malvern, 8 miles. I New Ho. Earl Coventry. | 5 miles from Upton is I Mndresfleld Court, thescat I of Earl Beauchamp. 55J 59 Blackmore Park, T. C, Hornyokl, Esq. 152 BRISTOL TO GLOUCESTER. WORCESTER, &*.- Continued. ON RIGHT FROM BRIST. II "5 Prom Bristol. ON LEFT FROM BRIST. Spetchley, R. Berkeley Esq. 16f Powick. cr. the river Teme. 63A Powick Court, 148 St John’s. cross river Severn. Go A Bouphton House, and, beyond. Crow’s Nest, To Tewkesbury, 15^ m. To Pershore, 9 1 To Evesham, 16 1 To Alcester, 16* To Droitwich, 6*3 | 14| WORCESTER. 66 Worcester, the capital of the county of that name, is nearly in the centre of England. It is finely situated on a gradual ascent from the left bank of the Severn, over which there is an elegant stone bridge. The circumference of the city is four miles, and on the east side it is sheltered by a range of hills. The streets are in general well built, and the chief one, the Foregate, is very hand¬ some. The cathedral is an elegant fabric, of the 13th and 14th centuries re¬ stored in 1830. It is 394 feet in length, 78 feet in breadth, and 162 in height. A new peal of bells has been set up in the tower at a cost of £3000. The interior of the cathedral is a splendid specimen of Architecture. The choir is magnificent, the pulpit is octagonal, and consists of stone. The monuments are numerous; that of King John is the most ancient royal monument ex¬ tant in England. The statues of Bishops Wulstan, Oswald, and Hough, and the tomb of Prince Arthur, son of Henry VII., a curious piece of antique workmanship, in the Gothic style, claim attention. The cloisters where the monks formerly resided are now occupied by the dignitaries of the cathedral Adjoining is the chapter-house, appropriated to the King’s school, but used also at the triennial meetings of the choirs of Worcester, Hereford, and Glou¬ cester. The other public buildings worthy of notice are the Episcopal palace, close to the Severn, the residence of George III. and his Queen during their stay at Worcester in 1788; Edgar's Tower, a curious specimen of antiquity; the guildhall, a handsome edifice (in the Foregate); the town-hall, countv gaol, the market-house, and infirmary. There are numerous churches and chapels in Worcester, and several places of worship for Dissenters. There are also many hospitals and eharitable institutions, a library, theatre, race- ground, &c. Formerly Worcester carried on a considerable trade in woollen cloths and carpets, but that has given place to the manufacture of gloves and porcelain, the latter more remarkable for the beauty of the work than for the extent to which it is carried on. The trade by the river is very considerable consisting partly in colonial produce, supplied by Bristol and Liverpool, and partly in culinary salt brought from the brine springs of Droitwich, six miles distant, and earned to some of the western counties of England, and some parts fti South Wales. The hop market of Worcester is one of the largest in the PLAN OF WORCESTER CATHEDRAL v L ady fCJuipUrliouA I .£ Lltrrary (ri-eat Cross Aisle. ST JOHN'S College Kail ■kd^l W ©MC1ST1E BRISTOL TO GLOUCESTER, WORCESTER, kc.—Continu'd. 153 kingdom. The country around the city is highly fertile, and the markets held on Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday, are well supplied. The Severn affords abundance of fresh-water fish. Here Charles II. was defeated by Cromwell in 1651. Worcester gives the title of Marquis to the Duke of Beaufort. It returns two members to Parliament, and is divided for municipal purposes into six wards. It is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, and thirty-six councillors. It is connected by railway with Bristol and Birmingham, and thus with all parts of the kingdom. Population 33,000, C o £ o ON RIGHT FROM BRISTOL G to ON LEFT FROM BRISTOL. Perdiswell, Sir O. P. lOf Droitwich Canal. 691 Wakeman, Bart. Westwood Park, Rt. Hon. Sir J. S. Pakiugton, cr. river Salwarpe. Bart. To Droitwicli, 4} miles. 8? Ombersley. 71* Ombersley Court, Lord Sandys. In the distance, Wit ley Court (Lord Ward), and beyond. Stanford Court, Sir T.E Wilmington, Bart. Hill Grove. Hartlebury. 76 To Stourport, 2 miles Bewdley, G miles Oakland, II. Talbot, Hartlebury Castle (Bi- Esq. shop of Worcester). GrecnliilJ, G. Talbot, Esq. KIDDERMINSTER. 80J Blakcbrook House, J Best. Esq. Lea Castle. Broomlield House. Kidderminster is a large and populous town on the Stour, famous for the ma¬ nufacture of carpets. The old church is a noble Gothic pile, cont aining nume- rous monuments. The walks in the churchyard command fine views of the town and its vicinity. The town possesses several charitable institutions. It re¬ turns one member to Parliament. Population 20,000. The Staffordshire and Worcester canal, which passes through Kidderminster, opens a communication with Hull, Liverpool, Bristol, Manchester, &c. In the vicinity are the remains of an ancient castle, the vestiges of an encampment at Warsal Hill, and a chalybeate well at Sandburn. Richard Baxter was for many years vicar at Kidderminster, and Baskerville the printer was born in the vicinity. From Kidderminster to Bewdley is 3 miles, to Stourport 4 miles, to Tenbury 16 miles, to Leominster 27 miles, to Ludlow 24 miles, to Bridgenorth 13i miles to Stourbridge 6< miles. Bewdley on the Severn is chiefly supported by its navi¬ gation, and has a considerable trade in tanning leather. Population 7600. It returns one Member of Parliament. Stourbridge is a handsome town noted for the manufacture of glass. The canal, which passes the town, communicates with the adjacent counties and contributes greatly to its prosperity. Pop. 8166. 154 BRISTOL TO GLOUCESTER, WORCESTER. kc.—Cou:intui.ey, Esq. Buscot Park, late P. Loveden,Esq. 31 f 27? LECHLADE. FAIRFORD. The church, erected towards the close of the fifteenth century, by John Tame, a merchant, for the reception of some painted glass which he had captured at sea, is a very interesting building, and contains a number of curious monuments, amongst which is that of the founder and his son, Sir E. Tame. cr. river Coin. CIRCENCESTER, p. 154. in Trewsbury Mead, about 2 miles distant, is a spring called Thames Head, the primary source of that ri¬ ver. 754 80 71 Along the Roman road to Birdlip. 100 Oakley Park, (Earl Bathurst,) formed by Lord Bathurst, the friend of Pope. To Cricklade, GJ miles. Malmesbury, 11A miles. Charlton Park, Earl of Suffolk and Berkshire. Mincliinhampton, 10 m. Stroud, 11 m. Misserden Castle, (late Sir E. B. Sandys, Bart.) Whitcomb Park. Prinknash Park, T. J. Howell, Esq. This place formerly belonged to the Abbots of Gloucester. LONDON TO GLOUCESTER THROUGH MAIDENHEAD. 9 ON RIGHT FROM LONI*. Dolan Cotlii, J. Jolines, Esq. To Aberystwith through Aberaeron, 2d miles, Tre¬ garon, 11 wiles. To Abcrystwitn, 391 m. Cryglas. Trevaeww. 70. 621 33, 32.! 31 21 i From Hvde Park Comer to From London. LLANDOVERY (Car¬ marthenshire, p. 17L) 1374 Pumsant. 1974 -£$43 cr. river Teivv. 204| LAMPETER (Cardigan¬ shire,) a small town on the west bank of the Teivy, which is noted for its salmon. The church is an ancient build¬ ing, with a square tower. Here is a college founded by Bishop Burgess for the edu¬ cation of Welsh clergymen. 2054 Allt Yr Odyn Arms. 213| Rhvdowen. 2154 NEWCASTLE EMLYN ( Caermarthensh ire), delightfully situated on the banks of the Teivy. The ruins of a castle, occupied by the Royalists during the civil war, stand on an emi¬ nence commanding a fine prospect. 225± !, Llangoedmore. 234 1 CARDIGAN, (p. 136.) 235.4 St Dogmell’s Pem- Irolccshire. 2364 3 NEWPORT, (p. 136.) 245 f 3 FISHGUARD, (p. 136.) -1 u 252iJ a Mathry. 258? Penlan. 260 4 Hendra. 2654 ST DAVID'S, (p. 135.) 2674 ON LEFT FROM LONI). Two m. distant Rcnllvs- To Caermarthen, 22 m Lampeter forms one of le Cardigan district of urglis, returning one f.P. Pop. of Lampeter Allt Yr Odyn. To I< ilgarron, 8 miles. A t his place are the ruins of a .astle occupying the sum¬ mit of a naked rock rising from the bed of theTeivy. The surrounding scenery is very interesting. Llangoedmore Place. Castle Maelgwu. To Haverfordwest, 261 miles. Here are the remains of an abbey, standing in a beautiful situation. To Haverford west, 13 m Glynammel. LXIX. LONDON TO HAVERFORDWEST AND MILFORD, BY OXFORD, GLOU¬ CESTER, ROSS, MONMOUTH, BRECON, AND CAERMARTHEN, 2551 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £2 To Hereford, 121 miles. Goodrich is remarKable for the ruins of its castle, one of the most pictu resque objects on the banks of the Wye It was alternately From Hyde Pa. Corner 1344 to Wilton, Herefordsh. (p. 168.) 1304 Goodrich. 1294 Whitchurch. E o 121 125 1261 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Goodrich Court (seat ol the late Sir S. Meyrick) is an admirable imitation of the antique, and by far the most perfect thing of ■its kind in England. Near Whitchurch is Sy 170 LONDON TO HAVERFORDWEST AND MILFORD, Ac.— Continued. eH 1 ON RIGHT FROM LOND 1 §■§ ON LEFT FROM LOND, possessed by the Pari i a- mond’s Yute, a lofty rock. ment forces and the Royal- surmounted by an encamp- ists during the civil wars. To Hereford, 18 miles 124 ; MONMOUTH, (p. 144.) 130| mem, and commanding a fine prospect. Abergavenny by Rockhek and Llanvapley, 15 m. To Gloucester bv Mit- chel Dean, 27 m., 'Cher.- stow, 15^ miles 122 Wonastow. 1334 '1344 Troy House, Duke of Beaufort. 121 Dingestow. Dingestow Court, S. Bosanquet, Esq. To Usk, 7 miles. 1184 Tregare. 1374 At a distance the ruins of Ragland Castle. 117 Bryngwyn. 1384 Clytha, W. Jones*, Esq. 113} Llanvihangel. 1424 Coen Morgan. 112| Llangattock. 1434 Llanover nouse, Sir B. Hall, Bart. Coldbrook House, F. H. Villiams, Esq. 1084 ABERGAVENNY, tp. 137.* 1474 To Pontypool, 9 miles; Newport, 17; Usk, 10. Near Abergavenny is the H ill House. Sugar Loaf mountain, 185(i feet high. Pentre Ho. lOGf Pentre. 148| 10G Llamvenarth. 1494 1| miles farther enter South Wales. 104 -~{70cr. river Grwvnev. Enter Brecknockshire. 1514 Gwemvale, J. 0wynne. 102 CltlCKHOWELL,(p.l3J.) 1534 To Merthyr Tydvil, 1 V K*l- miles. More Park. Danv Park. Penmyarth. Glannsk, Sir J. Bailev Bart. Here are the picturesque ruins of Tretower Castle. 991 Tretower. 1553 Buck-land House, J. P. To Hay, 15 miles. 964 Bwlch. 159 Gwynne Holford. Esq. Skethiog House. * Peterstone Court, and 94| Llansaintfraed. 1614 928 Skethiog. 162| in the distance Tregoyd, 914 Llanhamlacli. 164 To Hay, 15± miles; Builth, 0'i miles. 884 BRECON,* (p. 137.) cross river Usk. 1674 Neath, 27 miles. 86 Llanspyddyd. 1694 i'enpont House. 83 Penpont. 1724 -6^0 cross river Usk. 791 Rhyd Brue. 175f 774 Trecastle. Here is a good inn. 178 764 LlyweL j 179 | Enter Caermaithensh. ! ■ * About 18 miles from Brecon is the market-town and borough of Merthyr Tyavil, ntuaiei LONDON TO HAVERFORDWEST AND MILFORD. &c .—Continued. |7| Ion right from lond. i From Milfor I From iLondo ! To Builtli, 23 miles; Lampeter, 18 miles. Ten miles from Llandovery are tine chalybeate springs of Llanwrtyd,similar to those of Harrowgate. They are much frequented in sum¬ mer. 1 Maesllydan. Blanoes, D. Jones, Esq., 3 miles distant Liwyny- wormwood, Rev. Sir E. if. 68} LLANDOVERY, a small town on the Bran, on the west bank of which arc the ruins of a castle. A considerable quantity of woollen stockings are made here. Pop. of Borough 1855. Llwvnybrain. . laliarw 67 LI an din gat. cross river Towey. 108.} i 1 I 56$ LLANDILOFAWR, a neat well built town, on the west bank of the Towey. The river abounds with sal¬ mon, trout, and eels. Pop. of parish 5440. loo.; 1 Pantglas, D. Jones, Esq. 511 Cross Inn. 204} 47 f Cothy Bridge. 207} 45 White Mill. 210 A Near Aberewili is Mer¬ lin's Cave, shown as the scene of the magician's in- 434 Abergwili. 212 cantations; and, at a short distance is the spot where he is said to have been 44 CAERMARTIIEN, (p. 132 ) 224 buried. 18} NARBERTH, (p. 135.) 1237} 74 HAVERFORDWEST, (p. 136.) 248 MILFORD, (p. 134-) 12554 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Another road leads from Manoravon, D. Pugh ■a- .. tregib. Beyond Llandilofawr is Golden Grove, Earl of awdor. Grongar Hill, celebrated y Dyer, and the ruins of Dryslyn Castle, on an emi nence, commanding a fim view of the vale of Towey p. 132. Middleton Hall, E. H Adams, Esq. Abergwili Falac ,(Bish | on of St Dav.'d’s) rebuilt! in 1830. in Glamorganshire, at the head of the vale of Taflf, celebrated for its rich and thick veins of coal, as well as for its romantic beauty. Merthyr Tydvil is famous for the number and extent of its iron works, the most remarkable of which are those of Dowlais and Cyfartha, the former oelonging to Sir John Guest and Co., the latter to the Messrs Crawshay. Near Merthyr Tydvil is Dowlais House, the seat of Sir 1. B. Guest, Bart. The trade of this town has been greatly benefited by the construction of both a canal and a railway to the seaport of Cardiff, distant about 24 miles. The Vale of Neath Railway connects Merthyr with Swansea. Two M.P. Population of parish 49,794. About 3 miles north of Merthyr Tydvil are the scanty remains of the ancient cattle of Morlais, said to have been the seat of the kings of Brecon. It was demolished ■ 1404 137: 135| 1251 Bilston, one of the most extensive villages in this country. Here are manufactories of japanned and enamelled goods, and in the vicinity are coal mines, stone quar¬ ries, iron forges, and slit¬ ting mills. Pop. of town and chapelry 24,364. cr. Birmingham Canal. WOLVERHAMPTON. (See p. 237.) 1194 cr. Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. Tettenhall. The Church contains an antique carved font, and a painted window. Enter Shropshire. SHIFFNAL. The church is a spacious building, containing several monuments, one of which is in memory of W. Wakely, who lived to the age of 124 years, under the reigns of eight different Kings and Queens. Pop. of Par.5,923. cr. Shropshire Canal. Ketley Iron-Works. Watling Street, one of the finest specimens >f Roman road in the king aom. A line of road has been surveyed from Wellington to Chirk, by which 7 miles iwould be saved in goi»g| from Watling Street toi Chirk, instead of going byl Shrewsbury and Orleton. O T3 £ § -4 120 ON LEFT FROM LOND. At Bradley there is a fire in the earth which has been burning for many years in spite of every en¬ deavour to extinguish it. 122 a l To Dudley 7 miles, and ““ J to Himley Hall, Lord Ward, 5 m.; to Stour¬ bridge 10 m., to Kidder¬ minster 15 J m., to Bridge- nortli, 14 m. 1241 135| Wrottesley Hall, Lord Wrottesley; 21m. farther, Patshull, Sir Robert Pigot, Bart. Hatton Grange, R. A. Slaney, Esq. Shiifnal Manor, Lord [Stafford. To Shrewsbury by Cole. brook-Dale, 20 miles. To Much-Wenloek, 10J miles. To Bridgenorth, 16J m. To Newport, 8 miles. 141 The Wrekin, 1®0 feet high. The summit, occu¬ pied by an ancient fortifi-l cation, commands an ex¬ tensive prospect. 180 LONDON TO HOLYHEAD THROUGH COVENTRY, SHREWSBURY, &e. — Continued. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. Attingham, Lord Ber¬ wick. Longner, R. Burton, Esq. Sundorne Castle, A. W. Corbet, Esq., 3 m. To Drayton, IS miles. ToWem, 11 m. Thence to Whitchurch, 9 m. To Ellesmere, 17 miles. Berwick House, Hon. H. W. Powys. Great Berwick. Great Ness, J. Ed¬ wards, Esq. Boreatton Hall, R. Hunt, Esq.; and Bore¬ atton Park. Pradoe, T. Kenyon, Esq. Tedsmore, T. B. Owen, Esq. Halston Hall. Whittington Castle, in ruins, situated on the borders of a lake, and shaded by fine old trees. To Ellesmere, 8 miles. To Whitchurch, ID m. if. h, O | 111J 1081 1071 1051 1021 S9i J&Q cr. river Tern. Atcham. cr. river Severn. Lord Hill’s column. SHREWSBURY (p. 174.) 153J cr. river Severn. Shelton. 155J Montford Bridge. 157| JVig cr. river Severn. Kesscliff. 161| At the Queen’s Head, a 167 J turnpike road passes on right through Whitting¬ ton to Gobowen, which is one mile shorter than that through Oswcstrv. OSWESTRY. 171J ON LEFT FROM LONJ>. Chilton Grove, J. Vau- ;han, Esq. Preston Hall. BreiddenHill, and the pillar erected in honoui of Lord Rodney. Knoclcin Huh. Hon. C Bridgeman. Aston Hall, W. Lloyd, Esq. Sweeney Hall. Porkington, W. O. Gore, Esq. To Welsh Pool, 15 m. To Llanfair, 194 m. To Llanfyl- lin, 14 m. To Bala, 25 in. Oswestry was formerly surrounded by walls, which, together with its four gates, were all taken down about 1782. Of its castle, which appears to have been erected in the reign ot King Stephen, the only portion existing is on a lofty artificial mount at the west end of the town, commanding a rich and extensive prospect. Oswestry has two churches (one a venerable building, its tower covered with ivy,) a free grammar school, a town hall, a theatre, several meeting houses, and charitable institutions. It formerly carried on a considerable trade in Welsh woollens. Pop. 7300. Belmont, J. V. Lovett, Esq. At a dist. Brynkinalt, Viscount Dungannon. 88-1 cr. riv. Ceiriog, & enter Denbighshire. CHIRK. 177 Pentrepant, T. G. W. Carew, Esq. Chirk Castle, R. Myd- delton Biddulph, Esq. Chirk, a populous village, celebrated for the beauty of the surrounding scenery. The church contains a number of ancient monuments of the Myddelton family ; and in the churchyard are several aged yews. In 1165, Chirk was the scene of a severe contest between the English and the Welsh. About two miles distant, on the road to Ruabon, is a landscape of remarkable beauty. To the left is Chirk Castle, (R. Myddelton Biddulph, Esq.), an ancient and noble castellated mansion, situated on an eminence, which commands a prospect, it is said, into 17 counties. About three miles beyond Chirk is the aqueduct ol the Ellesmere canal, constructed by Mr Telford, in 1805. It consists of 19 stone arches, supporting an iron trough. 1007 feet long, and is a wonderful effort of in¬ genious contrivance LONDON TO HOLYHEAD THROUGH COVENTRY, SHREWSBURY, Ac. 181 —Continue a. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. At a distance Wynnstay, Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart. The ruins of Caer Dinas Bran, or Crow Castle, a Welsh fortress of great antiquity, situated on a conical mountain, and al¬ most inaccessible on all sides. At a short distance from Llangollen is the site of the palace of Owen Glen- dower. 1 - - LLANGOLLEN. Llangollen Vale is greatly celebrated for its beauty. 2 m .distant from Llangol¬ len, on the road to Ruthin, are the beautiful and pictu¬ resque remains of Valle Cru- cis Abbey, founded in 1200. They are covered with ivy, and shaded by lofty ash trees; and near the ruins is Elliseg’s Pillar, erected by Concenn, in memory of his ancestor, Elliseg, who was killed fighting against the Saxons, in 607. cross river Dee. ON LEFT FROM LOND. \ 1833 Plas Newydd, originally the retreat of Lady Eleanor Butler and MissPonsonby. On the opposite side of the rivet, on the summit of a hill, is a British en¬ campment, once the retreat of Owen Glendower. 5 miles from Corwen is the beautiful cascade of Pont-y-Glyn ; and, a little beyond, the charming vale of Edeirnion. The -whole of the scen¬ ery along the Conway, an far as Bettws, is of a resj beautiful description. Voelas Hall, C. W. G. Wynne, Esq. Penrhyn Castle, Hon. E. G. Douglas Pennant. 69 664 66 ' 534 Enter Merionethshire. CORWEN, a neat small town, much resorted to by anglers, as the river abounds with trout, grayling, and salmon. The church is an ancient build¬ ing, romantically situated; and in the churchyard is an old stone pillar, called the sword of Glendower. Cerrig-y-Druidion, Denbighshire. Cernioge-Mawr. S&H cross the Conway by Waterloo Bridge. The arch is 105 feet in span 1914 174 204 207 Beyond Corwen is the citadel of the Druids, to which Caractacus retreated after Ids defeat at Caer Caradock. Glyn Dyffryn, with a bridge and waterfall. To Bala, 113 miles. To Caernarvon by Maeufc. wrog, 383 miles; thence to Menai Bridge, 9 miles. 44 39 Bettws-y-Coed, {Caer¬ narvonshire^) has a curious bridge across a stream amidst rocky scenery. Capel Curi, a romantic place near several lakes abounding with fish. From this place the traveller may take a guide to visit Snowdon, the pass of Llan- beris, &c. The road now proceeds along the Ogwen lake, and through a defile of thegrand- est description to 304 Tyn-y-Maes Inn. 230 25;] Llandegai. 234] 24 BANGOR (See p. 182.) 2364 214 Menai Bridge. 239 1164 2214 Snowdon,3571 feet high. Treliorth; and beyond, Vaynol, T. A. Smith, Esq. Llandcgai. The church contains a handsome monument in memory of a Lord 1S2 LONDON TO HOLYHEAD THROUGH COVENTRY, SHREWSBURY, — Continued. and Lady Penrhyn. On the left is a celebrated slate quarry, of immense extent A railroad, constructed at the expense of L.170,000, leads from the mountain to Port Penrhyn, from which between 500 and 600 tons are shipped every week Dn the right is Penrhyn Castle, (Hon. E. G. Douglas Pennant), an elegant mansion built in the reign of Henry VI., on the site of an ancient palace be¬ longing to Roderick Molwynog, grandson to Cadwallader, the last King of the Britons. It has lately been improved by Wyatt, and is surrounded by beautiful grounds. In this castle is preserved an elegant specimen of the Hirlas, or ancient drinking horn. Bangor, a neatly-built city, lying in a narrow valley between two ridges of rock, with the beautiful bay of Beaumaris to the north. It possesses a cathedral, containing monuments of several Welsh princes, &c.; a Bishop’s palace, the resi¬ dence of the Bishop of Bangor, a free grammar school, and several charitable institutions. The surrounding scenery is peculiarly magnificent. Pop. of bor. about 7000. On a rocky eminence * m. east of Bangor, formerly stood a castle, built by Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, during the reign of William II. Beau¬ maris is distant 4 miles. Bangor is one of the Carnarvon district of burghs. Menai Bridge. The foundation of the Bridge over the Menai Strait was laid August 10, 1819, by Mr Telford, engineer. It was opened January 30, 1826. The height of the roadway above the surface of high water is 100 feet. The main opening of the bridge is 560 feet between the points of supension, and the road¬ way is 30 feet in breadth. South of this is another and more stupendous work, the Britannia tubular bridge, which conveys the railway from Caernarvonshire to Anglesea. (See account of it, p. 250). There is frequent steam communication during the summer months between Menai Bridge, Bangor, Beaumaris, and Liver¬ pool. From Menai Bridge an entirely new road has been made through the Island of Anglesea, crossing the main ridge at 160 feet below the level of the old road. It is broad, smooth, and well-paved; and, by crossing the Stanley Sands, the circuity by the Four-mile-bridge is avoided, and the line to Holyhead rendered very direct. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. From Ilolylid. From London. ON LEFT FEOM LOND. 2 m. from Menai Bridge, on the summit ot a rocky eminence, called Craig-y- Dinas, is a column erected’in 1816 in honour of the Marquis of Anglesey ; and, 6 m. N.L., Beaumaris and Baron Hill, hir R. Bulkeley, Bart, 2 m. disU Hixdrevaig. m 15 13* 12 4J Llanfair. Pentre Berw. Llangristiolus Church. Caean-Mon, or Mona. Ceirchiog Inn. 241 245* 246f 248* 255* Plas Kewjdd (Marquis ol Anglesey), formerly one of the principal groves in An¬ glesea sacred to Druidic worship; Plas Gwyn; and, 3 m- distant, Plaa Coch, W. B. Hughes, Esq. To Aberflraw, 6 miles, a small fishing port, at the mouth of the river Aber. Pop. 1238. Penrhos Hall, Lord Stanley ot Alderley. 2 * Junction of the old Holyhead Road. Cross Stanley Sands by the embankment. HOLYHEAD. (See p. 249). 258* 260* LXXVI. LONDON TO NEWBURY AND HUNGERFORD, BY RAILWAY, 61} Miles. IS? ON RIGHT FROM LONO. Leave main line of G. W. R. Prospect Hill. Tilehurst. Calcot Park, J. Bia- grave, Esq. Theale. Englefield House, R. P. B. tie Beauvoir, Esq. Brail field H all, 2} mile*. Benham House. Benliam Lodge. Midgham. Woolhampton House. Bucklebury, 3 miles. Dunstan Park. Thatcham. Shaw (see p. 93). To East Ilsley, 9* miles. To Abingdon, 20 miles. 1 mile distant, Donning- lon Castle, and Donning- ton Grove. (See p. 93.) Church Speen andSpeen Hill. Benham Place. Elcot Park. Barton Court, Admiral J. W. D. Dundas. Avington. Denford House, G. H. Cherry, Esq. Chilton Lodge and Chilton House. Edington. la £ 5 B 25-, 20 } 163 14! 12 From Great Western! Railway Terminus toj Reading, pp. 92, 99. The whole course of the line is through the valley of the Kennet. Theale St. Aldermaston St. Woolhampton St. Nearly along the banks of the Kennet and Avon Canal, here running close to the river. Thatcham St. cr. river Kennet and Avon Canal, and continue along south bank of river. NEWBURY (see p. 93). Kintbury St. HUNGERFORD. ('See p. 98.) Thence to Marlbo¬ rough, by coach, 10 miles. To Devizes, 241 miles (see p. 94). £2 2 a o J 35J 41 44J 46J m 52| 58J 614 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Town of Reading. Coley Park, " J. E. Monck, Esq. Branch line to Basing¬ stoke (see p. 187). River Kennet. Sulhampstead House. Ufton. Pad worth. Aldermaston Park, W. Congreve, Esq., U m. Wasing, and ~Wasing House. Brompton. Crookham House. Crookham End House. Crookham Heath. Greenham House, J. A. Croft, Esq. Sand ford Priory, and beyond, Highclere Park (Earl ot Carnarvon.) To Andover, 16 m.; to Whitchurch, 12 m. Enborne. Hampstead Park. West Woodhay, miles; and beyond, Wal- bury Hill, the site of an ancient encampment; near it is Inkpen Beacon, 101J feet, the highest of the chalk hills which form the North Downs. Hungerford Park. 184 LXXVIL LONDON TO WESTBURY, BY RAILWAY, 1094 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From Westb. 154 Corsham House, Le.'d Methuen. Monk’s Park. Neston Park, J. B. Ful- ier, Esq. Shaw House. Atworth, 3 miles. 9* Broughton Gifford. Great Chalfield. Staverton. Woolley. Bradford, 1J mile (see p. 96). Upper Studley. N. Bradley. SJ Frome, 6 miles (p. 96), and beyond Marston Park, Earl of Cork and Orrery. Railway terminus to Chippenham St. (p. 101). Along valley of river Avon to Melksham St. (see p. 95). Population of Melksham, 6236. ■1543 cr. river Avon. cr. Wilts and Berks Canal. Trowbridge St. (see p. 96). WESTBURY (p. 96). The line from Chippen¬ ham to Westbury forms part of the Wilts, Somer¬ set, and Weymouth Rail¬ way, which was intend¬ ed to extend to Dorchester and Weymouth on the one hand, and to Salis¬ bury on the other, with branches to Sherborne and Bridport, and also to the main line ot the G. W. R. near Bridge- water. 931 100 ON LEFT FROM LOND. 24 miles beyond Chip, penham, leave main line of G. W. R. Notton House. Lackham. Laycock Abbey, W. H. F. Talbot, Esq. Bowden Hill. Spye Park (J. B. Starky, Esq.), 3 m. To Devizes, 7) miles. Whaddon. 1054 109* Hilperton. Rowde Ashton.W. Long, Esq. ; Heywood House, H. G. G. Ludlow, Esq. To Longieat Park. f Marquis of Bath), 8 m. About two miles from Westbury the figure of a horse is cut out of the chalk ridge, and forms a prominent object for some miles round. A few yards above is an oval trench or fosse, attributed to the Danes in the time of Alfred. The locality is called Bratton Castle, from Bratton, a village one mile distant. LXXVIII. DOVER AND FOLKESTONE TO READING AND BRISTOL, BY RAILWAY, 195J Miles. ON RIGHT FROM DOVER. Leave line of Brighton Railway, by Croydon, to 1 London. £3 c £ M I £ u c > it - o From Dover, by South Eastern Railway, to 128.' Reigate Junction St | (pp. 8-10J I 67 ON LEFT FROM DOVER Leave line to Brighten. DOVER AND FOLKESTONE TO HEADING AND BRISTOL— Continued. 185 From Bristol. From Dover. ! ON LEFT FROM DOVER. 1074 Thence, by Reading, Guildford, and Rei- gate line, to Guildford (p. 34). 88 Wonersh Park, Lord Grautley. 1 mile before reaching j Guildford, leave branch to Godalminp: (p. 34). Loseley Place. 1014 Ash St. 94 Leave branch to Farn- ham (p. 37). cr. Basingstoke Canal. cr. river Black- water, and enter Hampshire. Cross main line of South Western Railway. Farnborough Place. 974 Farnborough St. 98 954 96 Blackwater St. Sandhurst St. 100 101 J 1 i 5^41 cr. river Black - water, and enter Berks. Village of Sandhurst. The railway crosses the “ Devil’s Causeway,” a line of ancient Roman road. Finch am pstead, 1 mile. Barkham, 1£ mile. 894 Wokingham St. Wokingham (or Oak- ingham) is a market town situated within the pre¬ cincts of Windsor Forest. It has an extensive mar¬ ket for poultry : the in¬ habitants are principally engaged in the malting and flour trades, in throw¬ ing silk, and in the ma¬ nufacture of boots and shoes. It is a corporate town, with an alderman and eleven burgesses. Population, 2404. 10 G Bear Wood Park, John Walter, Esq. Maiden Erlegh, E. Gold ing, Esq. White Knights (the house of John Duke ol Marlborough) is demolish¬ ed, but a portion of his garden remains. (Seep. 92.) Clandon Park, Estil Onslow. Sutton Place, J. 1. W Weston, Esq. Ash Common. Frimley. Chobham Hills distance. Sandhurst College,lmile. The Royal Military Col 3 ge at Sandhurst, for tin istruction ot officers foi otatf appointments, and 01 cadets for the army, is a plain edifice with a Doric portico, calculated to af¬ ford accommodation to 430 students. A chapel, an observatory, and a riding school are attached to the college. Bagshot, 4 miles. Hennikins Lodge. Luckley House" Easthampstead Park (Marquis of Downshire), 2 £ miles. Buckhurst Hill, | mile. Hurst and Hurst Grove., 186 DOVER AND FOLKESTONE TO READING AND BRISTOL— Continued. PSi ON RIGHT FROM DOVER. o O > i- o t-c ON LEFT FROM DOVER. Bulmershc Court, G. Wkeble, Esq. cr. feeder of Loddon. Early Park. cr. river Loddon. Caverslian: Fork (p. 99). 824 Join line of G. W. Railway, and reach READTh 1 G (seepp. 92-99) Thence to BRISTOL, as in pp. 100- 101. 113 1954 7 m. distant, Stratlifield* aaye, Duke of Wellington. LXXIX. LONDON TO OXFORD, BY RAILWAY, 63 Miles. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 53 Leave main line of G. W. R. Sutton Courtney, 1 £ miles. 56 Town of Abingdon, 2| miles (pp. 100,160). Radley House, Sir G. Bowyer, Bart. Sunningwell, 2 miles. Bagley Wood. South Hinksey. 1 63 3 miles distant is the village of Curnnor, ren¬ dered classic ground by the genius of Scott. In a field adjoining the church¬ yard some remains of the ancient manor-house of Curanor Hall are still vi¬ sible, but most of the ruins, which were in a dan¬ gerous state, were pulled down in 1310. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Long Wiltenham. Appleford. The Thames, ami be¬ yond, Nuneham Park, G. G. V. Harcourt, Esq., much visited by Oxonians. Sandford. Iffley. Junction of theCherwell with the Isis. 10 From Great Western Railway terminus to Didcot St. (p. 100). cr. river Thames and enter Oxfordshire. Abingdon Road St cr. Thames again, .nd re-enter Berkshire. The line for some dis* per.y the Isis, since it does not acquire the for¬ mer name until after its, junction with the Thame, some distance lower down. and 187). LXXX. SOUTHAMPTON TO OXFORD, BY RAILWAY, 741 Miles. 187 ON RIGHT FROM SOUTH. From Oxford. From South. “| ON LEFT FPOM SOUTH. 9 Leave main line of S. W. R. to London. From Southampton, by South Western Railway, to Sherfield, and Archer Lodge. Strathfieldsaye, 23 miles, the seat of the Duke ot Wellington, and beyond, UecUield Place, Viscount Eversley. 42J 34 a Basingstoke St. (p. 52). Leave Hants, and enter Berkshire. Mortimer St 32 394 The Vine, W. L.Wiggett Chute, Esq. One of tliis family (John Chute) was the friend and correspon¬ dent of Horace Walpole. Bramley. Silchester, the site of a Roman station, probably the Calleva Atrebatum of the Itinerary. Numerous antiquities are found here. The remains of an amphi¬ theatre are discernible outside the walls. Mortimer Strathfield. Hunters' Park. Mortimer Hill. Moor Place. Oakfield House. Burghfield. cr. river Kennet, and join Hungerford branch of G. W. Railway. 273 READING SL 47 (pi). 92, 99). Thence, by Didcot, as in preceding route, to OXFORD (see also pp 162-1GC). Oxford has now become an important centre of railway communication by the completion of the various lines in connection with it, of which the two most 188 OXFORD. important are the Oxford and Rugby, and the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolver¬ hampton. The Oxford and Rugby line runs through the valley of the Cher- well, by Banbury, and, entering Warwickshire, passes near Southam, and joins the London and North Western Railway at Rugby ; thus opening a commu¬ nication with the midland and northern districts. The Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway extends from Oxford in a general north-westerly direction as far as Worcester, passing a short distance to the west of Wood- stock, and by Moreton-in-the Marsh, Chipping-Campden ; and Evesham; from Worcester its course is chiefly northward by Droitwich (where a branch connects it with the line of the Birmingham and Gloucester Railway), Kidderminster, Stourbridge, and Dudley, to Wolverhampton, near which towr it joins the northern section of the London and North-western line. LXXXI. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY OXFORD, WOODSTOCK, AND STRATFORD ON AVON, 1161 Miles. g'S ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 2 = rv 1 O rz £ - -j 115 J From Tyburn Turnpike 1 Fnnrs Place. to Bayswater. Hanger Hill, and be¬ yond, Twyford Abbey. 111 } Acton. cr. river Brent 5 Han well Park. 1071 Southall. Hayes End Park. 104 Hayes End.' 12 j 102 j Hillingdon. 13J Hillingdon House, Count de Salis. 101 } UXBRIDGE 15 cr. river Coin and Grand Junction Canal, and enter Bucks. Denham. 971 Gerard’s Cross. 19 Chalfont House, J. N. BEACON SFIELD. Hibbert, Esq. 93} The church contains the re- 23 Wilton Park,C.G .Dupre, mains of the Rt. Hon. Ed- Esq. imund Burke, and the poet ’Waller is interred in the churchyard. Pop. of pa¬ rish 1662. 29 To Amersham, 7 nd’-rs. 87} | H1GH-WYCOMBE, Brands House, J. Hev/- i s '..he finest town in the man, Esq. Icountv It lias a handsome ON LEFT FROM LOND. Kensington Palace (see ?• 40). Holland House, Lord Holland. (See p. 40.) The Priory. Ealing Park. Osterley Park, Earl of Jer¬ sey. Southall Park. Park House. Delaford Park, Langley Pai k, and Iver Grove. Buistrode, Duke of Port' land. Hall Barn, built by the Rt. Hon. Edmund Burke, and beyond, Dropmore Lodge (Lady Grenville), and Cliefden (Duke oi Sutherland). To Great Marlow, 5 miles. Wycombe Abbey, Lord 'Carington. t LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY OXFORD, WOODSTOCK, &c— Continued. 189 Hughenden Manor, Rt. Hon. B. Disraeli, M.P. St. Michael’s church, an old. Norman building with ancient font, and monuments of the Mont'fort family. Plummers’ Hill, and 3 miles distant, Bradenham House, late I. D’lsraulx, Esq. 84 80 i Aston House, which is Kingston. Thame Park, Baroness Wenman. Rycot Park. Holton Park. Headington House. The town-hall, erected in 1757, by John, Earl of Shelburne, a free grammar school, and an ancient church, orna¬ mented with a fine altar piece, and a superb monu¬ ment to Henry Petty, Earl of Shelburne, and Sophia, the first wife of the first Marquis of Lansdowne. The Wycombe stream turns fifteen paper and corn-mills. One M.P. Pop. 5000. West-Wycombe. Here is a handsome mau¬ soleum, erected by the late Lord Le De Spencer. Stoken Church ( Oxon ). Wycombe Park, Sir G. II. Dashwood, Bart. place. Kiddington Hocao (Lord Vaux.) Shrewsbury. 2 miles distant tunuua iiic.uuiiai ui ami quity in the county, sup posed to be of Druidical or Igin. Weston House. Sir George U. Phillips, Bart. 74! Tetsworth. 42! 69 Wheatley Bridge, cr. river Thame, cr. river Cherwell. 474 < 624 OXFORD. 54 60 W olvercote, 564' 544 WOODSTOCK is famous for its manufac¬ ture of gloves and other leathern articles, but that of polished steel has declin¬ ed It has a handsome town hall, erected from a design of Sir W* Chambers, at the sole expense of the Duke of Marlborough, and is celebrated in history as the occasional residence of 62 Henry I. and II., and of fair Rosamond. One M.P. Pop. of Pail, borough 7000. 474 En stone 69 has a church dedicated to St Keneim. 72f qua t Chapel House. .40! Compton Hill, ( War¬ wickshire .) 75J '394 Long Compton. 77 hi SHIPSTON, {Worcesters. 83 Wycombe Park, SirG.H Dashwood, Bart. Sh.’rbourne Castle, 36| (Earl of Macclesfield.) containing two libraries, an armoury, several fine specimens of painting and sculpture, and among other portraits an origi¬ nal of Catherine Parr, Queen to Henry VIII. Nethercote House, Sir R. P. Jodrell. Bart. . A dwell House. Cuddesden Palace,Bishcp ,f Oxford. I Shotover Rouse. -- | Blenheim, the magnifi- 56 4 1 cent seat of the Duke of Marlborough, erected in the reign of Queen Anne for the great Duke. Sir J. Vanbrugh was the architect employed, and half a million was granted by Parliament for the erection. The interior is splendidly adorned, and with great taste. Ditchley Park,* Vis¬ count Dillon ; and be¬ yond, Cornbury Park, Lord Churchill. Tidmington Hall. , 3J miles (list. Foxcote House, P. II. Howard, Esq, 1 See Scott’s Wnodstooa, 190 LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY OXFORD, WOODSTOCK, he.—Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. From Birmin. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Honninston Hall, the 3H Tredington. 85 Rev. H. Townsend. Lower EatinsrtonHall, 29i Newbold. 87 E. J. Shirley, Esq. 271 cr. river Stour. Alderminster. 89 Alscot Bark, J. K. Alveston House, Sir T. G. Skipwith, Bart. Alveston Villa, and beyond Charlecote House, G. Lucy, Esq. 22 i Re-enter Warwicksh. 135^3 cr. river Avon. STRATFORD ON AVON. 94 West, Esq. Stratford on Avon, celebrated as the birth-place of Shakspeare. The house in which he was born is situated in Henley Street. It has lately been purchased by subscription, and will be carefully preserved for the inspection of future genera¬ tions. The approach to the church, which is delightfully situated on the banks of the Avon, is by an avenue of lime-trees. In the chancel is the celebrated bust of the poet, in front of which he and his wife are buried. The town-hall in High Street was erected in 1768, the year before the Jubilee. A good statue of Shak¬ speare stands at the north end of the building. The interior is adorned with portraits of Shakspeare, Garrick, and the Duke of Dorset. In the High Street also are the remains of an ancient cross, and adjoining them is the guildhall, a portion of which is occupied as a grammar school, where it is said Shakspeare received his education. By railway, the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton line now connects Stratford with all parts of the kingdom. Pop. of township, 3672. Clopton House, and beyond, Welcombe Lodge. 15 HENLEY-IN-ARDEN. 101J Beaudesert House, Wooton Hall, Sir C. F. Smythe, Bart. Here was the ancient forest of Arden. 10 In the market-place are vestiges of an ancient cross. Hockley House. 106 J and beyond Oldberrow Court. Umberslade Park. To Warwick 10 miles. Packwood House. cr. river Thame. BIRMINGHAM. (see p. 204.) 1164 Edgbaston (Lord Cal- thorpe.) I.XXXII. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY AYLESBURY, BUCKINGHAM, BANBURY, AND WARWICK, 115J Miles. From Tyburn Turnpike to 114J Paddington. STaSrSioa 11211 Kilburn. R Hen,"."r'uce, (LordTe„- I ^0 cr - river Brent, terden.) i J From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 1 To Kensal Green. 2 f Brandesbury House. At a distance, Wem bley Park. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY AYLESBURY, &c.— Continued. 191 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Forward to St Albans through Elstree, 10£ m. Crabtree. Grove. Bushey Grove, S. Marjoribanks, Esq., and beyond Aldenham Ab¬ bey, W. Stuart, Esq. To St Albans, 3 miles. Watford Place. Nascott. Russell Farm. Cecil Lodge. a-2 ° a 107J 105 102 loot Edgeware. Stanmore. Bushey (Herts.) iS?® cr. river Colne. WATFORD. The church contains seve¬ ral fine monuments. Here are mills for throwing ■silk and making paper, l’op. 4385. (See p. 200.) 10 i 131 14f Langley House. To Hemel Hempstead, 2£ miles, and bevond, Gades- bridge Park, Sir Astley P. Cooper, Bart., and Gorham- bury, (Earl of Verulam). 95J cr. river Gade and Grand Junction Canal. King’s Langley. 191 93* Two Waters. 92 Box-Moor. 22 231 Berkhampstead Castle. To Dunstable, 11 miles. Northcote Court, and Ash- ridge Park (late Earl of Bridgewater, now (1855) Earl of Brownlow). A monastery was erected here about 1283, which, after the dissolution, became the seat of royalty, and was frequently the resi¬ dence of Queen Elizabeth when Princess. The conven¬ tual buildings were nearly all pulled down during the present century by the late Duke of Bridgewater. Weedon House. Lillies, the seat of the late Lord Nugent. Creslow Pastures, Lord Clifford, Whaddon Hall, (W. S. Lowndes, Esq.) 5 miles. Swanbourne House, (lit. Hon. Sir T. F. Fremantle, Bart.) Stukelejr 6 m., the church of which is one of the most perfect Saxon buildings in England. 89 BERKHAMPSTEAD. 2G* 87* North Church. 27J 84 81 77 TRING. Aston-Clinton (Bucks. AYLESBURY, a town of great antiquity, is situated nearly in the middle of the county, on an eminence in the fertile tract called the Yale of Aylesbury. The church is an ancient and spacious structure, with a large churchyard. Here is "a town-hall, county-gaol, and a market-house. The inhabitants of this town and its vicinity rear a great number of early ducklings, which are sent to the London market. Two M.P. Pop. 28,000. 31} 34i 381- 73i 721 GGi cr. river Thame. Hardwicke. Whitchurch. WINSLOW, cr. river Ouse. 41* 43 48* ON LEFT FROM LOND. Cannon’s Park, once the seat of the Dukes of Ckandos. Bentley Priory, Mar¬ quis of Abercorn. Hill House. Moor Park, Lord Ebury. To Rickmansworth, 3 miles. Cashiobury Park, Earl of Essex. The Grove, Earl of Clarendon. The chief portion of Lord Chan¬ cellor Clarendon’s fine collection of pictures is to be seen here. Langley Bury. This place is famous for its paper mills. Box Moor Hall. Westbrook Hay, Hon. G. D. Ryder. Ashlyns Hall, J. Smith,"Esq. Cliampneys. Tring Park. Aston Clinton. To London through Wendover, 40£ miles; to Thame, 9f miles; to Bicester, 16* miles. Green End, W. Rick- ford, Esq. Two miles from Ayles¬ bury is Hartwell House, (J. Lee, Esq.,) for many years the residence of Louis XVIII. as Count de Provence, and of the Duke and Duchess D’Angouleme. On "the road to Bices¬ ter,Wotton House,(Mar¬ quis of Chandos.) Oving House. Three miles distant Claydon House, Sir H. Verney, Bart. ]9*2 LONDON ro BIRMINGHAM BY AYLESBURY. &c Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOXD. If Ls, -2 Three miles distant is Stowe, the magnificent seat of the Duke of Buck- fingham, celebrated by the muse of Pope, and,* un¬ til lately, enriched by a! choice collection of valu¬ able works of art, includ¬ ing plate and furniture of the mostcostly description a fine gallery of paintings, a library of 10,000 vols., and an extensive collection of MSS. Owing to the pecuniary embarrassments ;of the noble owner, these , were all disposed of by public auction in 1848. Morton House, Rev. W. Andrewes. Morton Lodge, H. Smith, Esq. Biddlesdon Park, Q Morgan, Esq. To Towcester, 11 miles. Farthinghoe. Tlienford Hall, id. Severue, Esq. fii c To Warwick through Southam, 22J in ilea. 59 a BUCKINGHAM, " 4 an ancient and irregular built town on the Ouse. The inhabitants are chiefly em¬ ployed in agriculture and lace-making. The church is an elegant building, erected in 1780 on an artificial mount fonnerly occupied by a cas¬ tle. The altar is adorned with a copy of Raphael’s transfiguration, presented by an ancestor of the pre¬ sent Duke of Buckingham. The other public edifices are the town-hall, new gaol, free grammar school, meeting¬ house, and the remains of the chapel of St John and Thomas a Becket. This town suffered greatly by fire in 1725. It returns one M.P. Pop. 3700. 55 | Westbury. 52 i BRACKLEY ( Northamp .) is one of the oldest boroughs in England, and still contains many remnants of its pristine greatness. It has a handsome market-house, two churches, a free school, and the ruins of an I hospital, said to have been erected by the Zouehe family. Pop. 2239. cr. Oxford Canal. 44 BANBURY (Oxen.) on the Cherwell. is famous for its malt liquor, its cheese, and the cakes which are called by its name. Here was formerly a castle of great strength, which sustained two severe s eges during the civil wars. The only I remains now in existence are a small portion of the wall. Pop. 4000. One M.P. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 554 I To Banbury. 18 miles. ■ Five miles from Buck¬ ingham iaChetwode. in the church of which is some fine stained glass, of great antiquity. Clietwode Priory, H. Branbridge, Esq. Two miles from Buck¬ ingham, on road to Stoney Stratford, the remains of a Roman villa were disco¬ vered in 1837* 60* 62* F.venley Hall, Hon. P S. Pierrepont. To Oxford, 203 miles. Broughton Castle, Lord 711 [Save and Sele. I To Chipping Norton, 12 miles. I To Deddington, 65 m. 42 Drayton. 73iJ 41 Wroxton. 74| Wroxton Abbey, Earl of Guilford. Alkerton, where Lydiat the astronomer and ma¬ thematician w as buried. 85 | Upton, ( WanmcJcsh.) 784 Upton House, Captain J. Russell. To Stratford on Avon, 125 miles. 56 EdgehiU, remarkable as the spot where the first battle between Charles I. and the Parlia¬ 7 Radway Grange, F. S. Miller, Esq. ment was fought. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY AYLESBURY, Ac —Continued. J yg a& _ S3 S O ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 1 0 21: o ON LEFT FROM LOND. 31 f KINETON. The castle formerly existing 83| fimiles distant is the village GfTysoe Opposite its church is a hill, on the side of which here is said to have been was cut the figure called the built by King John. Red Horse, which gives name to the adjacent vale. Compton Vomey, Lord 291 Compton-Verney. CO Walton Hall, Sir C. Willoughby De Broke. cr. Roman Way. Mordaunt, Bart. To Stratford on Avon, Newbold Park. 27! Wellesbourne Hastings. CD *>|Ca Charlecote, G. Lucy, Esq. and beyond, Alveston House, Sir T. G. Skipwith, Bart. The Hill. 231 Barford. 91! -3^0 cr. river Avon. Grove Park, Lord Dor- Warwick Castle, Earl ol 201 WARWICK. 94 J. Warwick. mer. Warwick is situated nearly in the centre of the county. It stands on a rocky hill, having a somewhat abrupt acclivity, watered by the Avon. This town is believed to be of Saxon origin, and was formerly surrounded with walls. It has three churches, of which St Mary’s is the most remarkable. It has a lofty square tower, supported by piers, between which carriages may pass. The interior is richly adorned, and contains a number of ancient and curious monuments. Beauchamp chapel, a beautiful specimen of the Gothic style, contains a monument to the memory of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, the founder of the Lady chapel. This chapel is considered the most splendid in the kingdom, with the exception of that of Henry VII., in Westminster Abbey. Here is also a monu¬ ment to Dudley, Earl of Leicester, Elizabeth's favourite. The other public build¬ ings are, the county hall, the court house, gaol, bridewell, theatre, market house, free grammar school, the county asylum, public library and news-room, and several meeting houses. The races are held twice a-vear on a plain near the west end of the town. Warwick returns two M.P. Population, 11,000. Several manufactures are carried on here, particularly those of combing and spinning long wool. Warwick Castle, the magnificent residence of the Earl of Warwick, is situated at the south-east end of the town, on a rock washed by the Avon. * The date of its original erection is unk no wn. Caesar’s tower, the most ancient part of the structure, is 147 feet high. Guy’s tower, 128 feet high, was erected in 1394. The approach to the grand front exhibits three stupendous towers, and the entrance is flanked with embattled wall covered with ivy. The interior is remarkable for splendour and elegance. The principal suite of apartments extends 333 feet in a straight line, and is adorned with valuable paintings and curious specimens of ancient armour. In the green-house is a beautiful antique vase, well known as the Warwick vase, found at Tivoli, and capable of containing 168 gallons. About a mile from Warwick is Guy’s Cliff, the retreat of the famous Earl Guy, and where he and his * A most destructive fire occurred at Warwick Castle, in December 1871, which did great damuge to the building. O 194 LEAMINGTON—KENILWORTH. Countess are supposed to be interred. Blacklow hill, opposite, is the spot where Piers Garaston was beheaded in 1312 Two miles from Warwick is Leamington, or Leamington Priors, one of the most fashionable spas in the kingdom. It is pleasantly situated on the Leam, which is crossed by a handsome bridge. The waters are used, both internally and for the purpose of batliing, and are found very efficacious in many chronic disorders, in diseases of the skin, and visceral obstructions. The principal build¬ ings are the new pump-room and baths, which are supposed to be the most ele¬ gant in Europe; the assembly-rooms, concert and ball-rooms, the reading-rooms and library, the biliiard-room, the Regent Hotel, the museum and picture gal¬ lery, the theatre, &c. The Ranelagh and Priory Gardens form delightful pro¬ menades. Leamington possesses also two churches, an Episcopal chapel, a meeting-house, a Roman Catholic chapel, an institution for the gratuitous sup¬ ply of baths to the poor, national schools, several libraries, &c. The rides and walks in the vicinity are interesting and attractive; and very delightful excursions may be made to Warwick Castle, Kenilworth, Stratford, &c. Pop. 18,000. K enilworth is five miles distant from Leamington, and about the samedistance from Warwick and from Coventry. Its name is said to have been derived from Kenulph, a Saxon King of Mercia, and his son Kenelm. In Queen Elizabeth's time it was called Killingworth ; but the original and correct designation is now restored. The ruins of its magnificent castle form one of the most splendid and picturesque remains of castellated strength to be found in the kingdom. It was founded by Geoffrey de Clinton, Lord Chamberlain and Treasurer to Henry I., but it shortly passed to the Crown. Henry Ill. granted the castle to the fa¬ mous Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, and Eleanor his wife, for their respec¬ tive lives ; and when the Earl took up arms against the King, it was the great place of resort for the insurgent nobles. After the defeat and death of the Earl of Leicester, his eldest son, Simon de Montfort, continued to shelter himself in this fortress. He shortly afterwards withdrew to France, but his adherents held out the castle for six months against all the forces the King could bring against it, and they ultimately capitulated upon highly favourable terms. In the time of Edward I. it was the scene of a splendid and costly tournament. Edward II. was kept a prisoner in this castle before his removal to Berkeley Castle, where he was ultimately murdered. In the reign of Edward III., Kenilworth passed into the possession of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who made large addi¬ tions to it. When his son, Henry Bolingbroke, became King, it again became the property of the Crown, and so continued till the reign of Elizabeth, who conferred it on her favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. This noble¬ man expended enormous sums in adorning and enlarging this structure. The following description of the appearance of the castle at this period is given by Sir Walter Scott in his novel of “ Kenilworth —“ The outer wall of this splen¬ did and gigantic structure enclosed seven acres, a part of which was occupied bv extensive stables, and by a pleasure-garden, with its trim arbours and par- LEAMINGTON. team ITou+e A-& C| &• Stonelt'ijJh Du-, of Cuml> Abl>« -SIadj Sen boh) ■S*j\fary* (Jt, ■ of Built op Tuchln-wok K ENILWOUTH. 195 lerres, and the rest forming the large base-court or outer yard of the noble castle. The lordly structure itself, which rose near the centre of this spacious enclosure, was composed of a huge pile of magnificent castellated buildings, apparently of different ages, surrounding an inner court, and bearing, in the names attached to each portion of the magnificent mass, and in the armorial bearings which were there blazoned, the emblems of mighty chiefs who had long passed away, and whose history, could ambition have bent ear to it, might have read a lesson to the haughty favourite who had acquired, and was now augmenting, this fair domain. A large and massive keep, which formed the citadel of the castle, was of uncertain though great antiquity. It bore the name of Caesar, probably from its resemblance to that in the Tower of London so called. * * * The ex¬ ternal wall of this royal castle was, on the south and west sides, adorned and defended by a lake, partly artificial, across which Leicester had constructed a stately bridge, that Elizabeth might enter the castle by a path hitherto untrod¬ den, instead of the usual entrance to the northward, over which he had erected a gatehouse or barbican, which still exists, and is equal in extent, and superior in architecture, to the baronial castle of many a northern chief. Beyond the lake lay an extensive chase, full of red deer, fallow deer, roes, and every species of game, and abounding with lofty trees, from amongst which the extensive front and massive towers of the castle were seen to rise in majesty and beauty.” Elizabeth visited Leicester at Kenilworth in the years 1566, 1568, and 1575. The last visit, which far eclipsed all other “ Royal Progresses,” has been immor¬ talized by Scott. A reference to the ground plan of the castle, and some ex¬ tracts from the inventory of Leicester’s furniture, in the appendix to Scott’s “ Kenilworth,” will afford some idea of the enormous extent of the place, and the costliness of its decorations. After Leicester’s death Kenilworth was seized by the crown, and was ultimately granted by Cromwell to certain officers of his army, who demolished the splendid fabric for the materials. After the Restoration, Charles II. gave the property to Sir Edward Hyde, whom he created Baron Kenilworth and Earl of Clarendon. For a long period the castle was left ruin; but the present Earl of Clarendon has manifested a praiseworthy anxiety to arrest its decay. The only remaining part of the original fortress is the keep or Caesar’s Tower, the walls of which are in some places sixteen feet thick. The remains of the additions made by John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, are termed Lancaster buildings. In the latter are to be seen the relics of the great hall, a fine baronial room, 86 feet in length, and 45 feet in width. Although the erections oi Leicester are of the most recent date, they have the most ancient and ruined ap¬ pearance, having been built of a brown friable stone, not w r ell calculated to stand the weather. “ We cannot but add,” says Sir Walter Scott, “ that of this lordly palace, where princes feasted and heroes fought, now in the bloody earnest of storm and siege, and now in the games of chivalry, where beauty dealt the prize which valour won, all is now desolate. The bed of the lake is now a rushy swamp, and the 106 LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BV ST ALBANS. DUNSTABLE, Ac. maiay ruins of the castie only serve to show what their splendour once was, and to impress on the musing visitor the transitory value of human possessions, and the happiness of those who enjoy a humble lot in virtuous contentment.” si £ J ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 0 E 2 £ ON LEFT FROM LOND. Resuming the route to Stank House. Birmingham, Priory. -'iriS cr. Warwick and Grove Park, Lord Dor- Guy’s Cliff, Hon. C. Birmingham Canal. mer. B. Percy. Ths learned Dr Parr 17f Hatton. 97k 102. 1 , To Birmingham through was perpetual curate of 14| WroxhalL Hockley, 17 miles. Wroxhall Abbey, C. Springfield. Temple Balsall. 10 Knowle. ■Hie church is a handsome building, containing some curious carving. 105| Wren Hoskyns, Esq., the representative of the cele¬ brated Sir C. Wren. The mansion stands on the site of a nunnery, erected by Hugh de Hatton in the n Solihull. 107| time of King Stephen. Malvern Hall. Olton House. n Spark Brook. 1138 BIRMINGHAM. 115* LXXXIII. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY ST ALBANS. DUNSTABLE, DAVENTRY, AND COVENTRY, 108} miles. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. 108} 105J 1005 98 * Oak Hill, Sir P. H. Clarke, Bart. The Grove. Beech Hill Pa. Trent Pa. R. C. L. Bevan, Esq. Wroth am Park, Earl of Strafford. Tittenhanger Park Earl of Hardwicke. At a distance Hatfield House, the princely seat of the Marquis of Salis- 943 . bury, erected at the com¬ mencement of the 17th century. It belonged to James I., and was ex- 91f changed by him for Theobalds. Charles 1. was a prisoner here. Two miles beyond is Brocket , Hall, the seat of Viscount] ggi; c-'aunerston. From TIicks’s Hall to Islington. Highgate. Whetstone. BARNET is a neat town, situated ou the top of a hill, and cele¬ brated for the battle which took place,in 1471, between the houses of York and Lan¬ caster, in which the great Earl of Warwick lost his life. An obelisk has been erected on the spot. South Mimms. Ridge Hill, ( Herts .) London Colney. cross river Colne. ST ALBANS. ON LEFT FROM LOND. Caen Wood, Earl of Mansfield. While occu¬ pied by the great Lord Mansfield it narrowly escaped destruction by the Gordon Rioters; anil Fitzroy Farm. Totteridge Park. Derharc Park. Clare HalL 14f I 17}' Calse" F.O. 21 LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY ST ALBANS, .—Continued. 107 St Albans is a town of very great antiquity, having derived its origin from (he ruins of the Roman Verulamium. An immense number and variety of anti¬ quities have been discovered here at different times, and some vestiges of the ancient town may still be seen at a little distance from St Albans. Here was for¬ merly a magnificent abbey and monastery for Benedictine monks, of which the fine old abbey church and a large square gateway are now the only remains. The abbey was founded by Offa, King of the Mercians, in honour of St Alban The church was made parochial in the reign of Edward VI. It has all the ap¬ pearance of a cathedral, and its interior exhibits the various styles of several ages of architecture, and is adorned with numerous rich screens and monuments. Its appearance from the hill, on the Watford Road, is very striking. The town contains three other churches, in one of which—the church of St Michael—the fine monument to the great Lord Bacon may be seen. St Albans has also a new town-hall, several meeting-houses, and charitable institutions. Two battles wero fought here during the wars of the Roses; the first, in 1455, when Richard Duke of York obtained a victory over Henry YI.; the second, in 1461, when Margaret of Anjou defeated the king- maker Earl of Warwick. St Albans returned two members to Parliament till 1852, when it was disfranchised. Popu¬ lation 8000. Sir John Mandeville, the traveller, was a native of this town, and there is a monument to his memory in the abbey church. There is one also to the good Duke Humphrey of Gloucester. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. To Hatfield, 6 miles; to Luton, 101 miles. Gorhambury, (Earl of Verulam. In the park are the ruins of the Old House, the residence of die Lord Keeper and his illustrious son, Lord Ba¬ con. Rothampsted. Market Cell, and 2 miles distant, Luton Hoo, J. G. Leigh, Esq. Four miles distant is Chalgrave, the church of which is very old, and contains several monu¬ ments; and 1 mile be¬ yond, is the church of roddington, in which are tombs of the Cheyne and Strafford families. To Woburn, 4J miles. Milton Bryant. I Batticsden Park, Sir E. IT. P. Turner, Bart.; and beyond, Woburn Abbey, l Puke of Bedford. 1 From 1 Birmin. 1 From London. 84} Redbourn. 25} 76 DUNSTABLE, Bedfordsh. famous for its manufacture of straw-plait bonnets and baskets-, and for the size of its larks, great numbers of which are sent to London. The church is an ancient and interesting building, a part of it having been for¬ merly attached to a cele¬ brated priory in the time of Henry I. Charles I. slept at the Red Lion Inn on lus waytoNaseby. Pop.4470. 33} 72} HocklifFe. 37} 166 } Brickhill (Bucks). 43} ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Watford, 8 miles. Childwick Bury, J. Lo¬ max, Esq. Beech wood Park. Sir T. G. S. Sebright, Bart. About II mile distant are the remains of a Bri¬ tish fortification, called Maiden Bower; not far from which are still to be seen vestiges of another named Tottenhal Castle. Here is the Roman Watling Street. To Leighton Buzzard 3§ miles HocklifFe Grange, !v B T. Gilpin, Esq. Stock Grove. 798 LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY ST ALBANS, <5zc .—Continued ON RIGHT FROM LOND.| Wolverton House. YY T olveiton Park. Cosgrove Hall, J. C. Mansel, Esq. Cosgrove Priory. Stoke Park. j Easton Neston, Earl of! Pom fret. * To Northampton, 9 m. | Pattishall House. . To Northampton, 8 m. I i 2 miles distant is Nor¬ ton Hall, (B. Boifield. Esq ), and, 2 miles farther to the right, Whiltou. Wei ton Place, R. T. Clarke, E?q. To Lutterworth, 16 m. At a distance Ashhy St Leger, containing a sasall room in which the gun¬ powder plotwas concocted. The house belonged to Catesby, one of the con¬ spirators. (See p. 202.) Ashby Lodge, G. H. Arnold, Esq. Dunchurch Lodge. Bilton Grange. ' Bilton Hall. j To Rugby, 2} miles. i I |1 644 574 564 -^0 cr. Grand Junction Canal. Fenny Stratford. STONY STRATFORD is built on the Watling Street. It suffered greatly from fire in 1742. 4$0 cr. riv. Ouse and the Grand Junction Canal. Old Stratford, ( North¬ amptonshire .) as 45 52 | 53 494 TOWCESTER, (p. 202.) 4i^0 cross river Tow. 47 Foster’s Booth. 414 Weedon Beck. ft>0 cr. Grand Junction Canal. 3 7 4 DAVENTRY carries on a considerable ma¬ nufacture of silk stockings, shoes, and whips. On an adjacent eminence, called (Danes’ or Borough Hill, are some of the most extensive encampments in England. I Pop. 4124. 60 624 66 724 344 Braunston. 1 ere is a handsome church and a curious stone cross. 32 | 294 4£?0 cr. Oxford Canal, at the commencement of the Grand J unction Canal. Willoughby, ( War¬ wickshire?) Dunchurch. 763 80 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Great Brickhill House, P. D. P. Duneombe, Esq. In the distance, Whad- don Hall, W.S., Lowndes, Esq. Denshanger, and, 3 miles distant, Wicken Park. Wakefield Lodge, Duke of Grafton. Whitlebury Forest. To Bracklej, 11 miles. At a distance, Ererdon Hall, and Fawsley Pa. Sir C. Knightley, Bart., and beyond is’ Canons Ashby, Sir H. E. L. Dry- den, Bart, representative of the Poet Dryden. Drayton Grange, (Lord Overstone); and, 4 miles distant, Catesby House. Beyond is Shuckburgh Park, Sir F. Shuckburgh, Bart. To Southam, 10} miles. To Banbury, 16} miles. To Southam, 8 miles. Dunsmoor Heath. 244 J Black Dog Inn. 85 1 } mile distant, Bonr-I ton House; and Birburv Hall, Sir T. Biddulplt,' Bart. < ...... iMnljdlllll iTDXEB TOTM mammsr LONDON to BIRMINGHAM Aitjamit (! mmtni. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY ST ALBANS, &c .—Continued. 199 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. | m. distant is Wolston House, and, on the other side of the river Dove, Brandon House; and, 2 miles further, on the right, Combe Abbey, a seat of Earl Craven. The present loble mansion stands on the site of a Cistercian monast ery. Several of the apartments are very fine, and contain many valuable portraits. Pinley House. The Charter House. Hawkesbury Hall. To Lutterworth, 15-£ m. To Nuneaton, 8£ miles. To Tamwortli, 18£ m. Meriden HalL Berkswell Hall, Sir J. E. Eardley Wiimot, Bart. To Warwick, 14 miles. Elmdon Hall, A. Spooner] Lillingston, Esq. Eg o g 24| Knightslow Cross. 85} 2 22 - 20 18. Ryton. 4P? cr. river Avon. Whitley Bridge. TpV cr. river Sow. COVENTRY is a city of great antiquity, with very narrow streets. The churches, St Mary’s Hall, and several private houses, present interesting subjects for the study of the antiquarian. By means of canals, Coventry carries on a considerable trade, and there is an extensive manu¬ facture of watches and rib- 86J 89; 91} 154 bons. Two M. P. Pop. 41,647. Allesley. 94 12 Meriden. 974 9| Stone Bridge. 99? 54 Wells Green. 104 BIRMINGHAM, p. 203. 1094 Ryton Ficuss. 1 mtle beyond Ryton to Southam, 94 miles. Whitley Abbey,Viscount Hood. Here Charles I. '.s supposed to have fixed his station when he unsuc¬ cessfully summoned the, city of Chester in 1642. Styvichall, A. F. Gre- gory, Esq. To Kenilworth 5 miles, thence to Warwick . p »r in. To Stoneleigh Abbey, Lord Leigh, 5 m. Allesley Parti, Neale, Esq. E. V Pncldngton Hall, Bard of Aylcsford. To Colesliill and Coles- miles. *200 LX-XXIV. LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY RAILWAY, 112* Mi.es. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. ? = A line of railway now connects the Camden Town Station with the East and West India Docks, passing round the north and east sides of the metropolis. Kilburn, Willesden, and beyond Hampstead. The hill commands a charming and varied prospect. Brandesbury House. Wembley Park. To Stanmore, 3* miles, Edgcware 4i, Barnet 10 *. Cannons. Bentlev Priory. 109* 106* 104 * 101 Bushey. 09 96 * 94f To St Albans, 7 miles. Abbot’s Langley. Booksellers’ Provident Institution. 91* 1 * m.distan 4 isHemel- Ilempstead. The church go appears to be of Norman origin, but has subse¬ quently und ergone va¬ rious alterations. The interior is highly orna¬ mented. Pop. of par. 1S61, 7948. Beyond is Gorham bury (Earl of Verulam), and Gades- 84* bridge, Sir A. P. Cooper, Bart. London Terminus, Euston Square. The new entrance hall, completed in 1849, at a cost of £150,000, is a fine specimen of decorative architecture. The railway passes through a deep ex¬ cavation to Camden Town Station, the grand depot for the goods and locomotive de¬ partments of the company. Primrose Hill Tunnel, 1220 yards long. Kilburn Station. Willesden Station. Sudbury Station. Harrow Station. Harrow on the Hill. It is situated upon one of the loftiest hills iu Middle¬ sex, commanding extensive and delightful views. Pep. of parish, 5525. Pinner Station. Bushey Station. Watford Station (Berts) Three-Quarters of a mile distant is Watford, a popu¬ lous and well-built market- town, almost surrounded by the Coin, on which are mills for throwing silk, and making paper. The church contains numerous brasses and tombs of an¬ cient date. Watford Tunnel, 1 mile, 170 yards in length. King’s Langley St. cr. Grand Junction Canal. Boxmoor Station. Recross the Grand J unction. 2 g Or3 3 6 * 13* 16* 17* 21 24* Berkhampstead St. 28 * See desenp tion of the Portraits, by Lady Theresa Lewis, in poraries of Lord Chancellor Clarendon.” ON LEFT FROM LOND. Kensai Green Ceme¬ tery, one of the prettiest resting places near Lon¬ don. Branch to Kensington. Twyford Abbey. Sudbury. Harrow on the Hil), 1 mile, famous for its school and the eminent men, such as Byron and Sir R. Peel, who hive been educated there. Eastburv House. At a distance, Moor Park, Lord Ebury. To Rickmansworth 4 miles, Amershan, 10 miles, High Wycombe, 17 miles. Cashiobury Park, Earl of Essex, and Grove Park, Earl of C.'arendon, containing a collection of pictures, part of that formed by Lord Chancel¬ lor Clarendon.* Hunton Bridge. Grand Junction Canal and river Gade. Two Waters, so called from Junction of the Gade with Bui bourn Brook, is famous for its paper-mills. Westbrook Hay, Hon. G. D. Ryder. To Chesbam, 6 miles. To Amersham, 12 m. her “ Friends and Contern- LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY RAILWAY.— Continued. 201 ON EIGHT FROM LOND. To Dunstable, 11 miles. Three miles distant is Ashridge Park, the seat of the late Duke of Bridgewater, and after¬ wards of the late Earl of Bridgewater, occupies the site of an ancient building, formerly a mo¬ nastery, which, after the Reformation, became the seat of royalty, and was the frequpnt residence of Queen Elizabeth when Princess. In 1602 it passed to the Lord Chan¬ cellor Ellesmere, an an¬ cestor of the Bridgewater family. This fine estate is now held by the Earl of Brownlow. To Ivinghoe, 2J miles; Dunstable, 9 miles. Tring is If miles dis- 'tant from the station. It is a very ancient place, and is supposed to be of Roman origin. It has a fine church with carved roof, and several monu¬ ments. Pop. 3130. Ivinghoe. To Dunstable, 9 miles. To Dunstable, 7 miles. To Ampthill, IS miles. To Bedford, 26 miles. SOJ In Great Berkhamp- stead, Bishop Kenn and Cowper the poet were bom. Ilere are the re¬ mains of a castle, former¬ ly the residence of the kings of Mercia. The church contains numerous brasses and other monu¬ ments. Pop. 3631. North Church Tunnel, 360 yards in length. TRING STATION. From Tring, an elevated ridge of ground, called the Chiltern Hills, extends to Oxfordshire. To suppress the banditti who formerly infested this place, an officer, called the Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, was appointed by the Crown. The duties have long since ceased; but the office is retained to enable any member of Parliament to resign his seat. Clieddington Junction Station. Leighton Junction St LEIGHTON BUZZARD. 31! Aslilyn’s Hall, A Smith, Esq. To Aylesbury, 9 miles. To Wendover, 6 miles. Tring Park, a beauti¬ ful seat, adorned with pleasing scenery. Hereisthe junction of the Aylesbury with the Birmingham Railway. Mentmore, the Baron Meyer de Rothschild. To Wing, 5J miles. Liseombe Park, H. W. Lovett, Esq. Leighton Buzzard is half-a-mile from the station, and is situated in the north-eastern extremity of the county of Bedford, on the banks of the Ouzel. Here is a pentagonal cross of curious architecture. The church is a very old building, containing a font, stone-stalls, &c. The Grand Junction Canal passes close to the town. Pop. of township, 1861, 4330. Seven miles from the sta¬ tion is Woburn, a small but neat town. It is a place of some antiquity, and has been twice destroyed by fire. The church is a venerable building, entirely covered with ivy. It contains several monuments, and an altar-piece by Carlo MarattL The inhabitants of Woburn are chiefly employed in lace-making. Woburn Abbey, the seat of the Duke of Bedford, is a magnificent quadrangular building, and contains a splendid collection of paintings, statues, busts, &c. The park is 12 miles in circumference, and is well stocked with deer. Battlesden Park, Sir E. H. Page Turner, Bart. Linslade Tunnel, 290 yards in length. Enter Bucks. Stoke Hammond, andl Great Brickhill Manor, I P. D. P. Duncombe, Esq. I 202 LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY RAILWAY— Continued. ON EIGHT FBOM LOND. Fenny Stratford. Newport Pagnell, 4 miles. Olney, 9 miles Linford House, and beyond, Gayhurst Park, Lord Caring ton. Castle Thorpe. Hanslope House. Court een Hall, Sir C Wake, Bart. To Northampton, 4 m. Market Harborough, 21 miles. To Northampton, 7f m, Brockhall, T. R. Thorn¬ ton, Lsq. At a distance Althorp (Earl Spencer). There is a fine picture gallery and a still finer library here. H mile distant is the village of Crick. The hill through which this tunnel is carried forms a portion of the high ground which sepa- 65f Bletcliley Junction St. 60 WOLYERTON St. This is the company’s central station, where they have extra engines, work¬ shops, &c. Ten minutes are usually allowed at this station. Here are female attendants,* and refresh¬ ments and every accommo¬ dation may be obtained. cross YYolverton Viaduct, 660 feet in length Enter Northampton¬ shire. 524! ROADE Station. 494 Blisworth Junction St. Bugbrook Suspension Bridge. Stowehill Tunnel, 500 yards in length. 42J- WEEDON Station. Weedon has handsome and extensive barracks, garrisoned by a regiment of the line, anil a demi-field battery of artillery. It has also an extensive powder magazine, and is a depot of arms. cross Birmingham and Holyhead road. Crick Station. Crick is the choice “meet” of the Pytchley hunt. Kilsby Tunnel, 1 mile 640 yards in length, 24 feet wide, and 22 feet in 46| 521 37i ON LEFT FBOM LOND. * Females are also in attendance at the London, Watford, ham Stations. Branches to Banbury, 31 5 m.; and to Bucking¬ ham and Oxford, 31? m. Stony Stratford, 2 m. Buckingham, 9 miles. Stony Stratford is si¬ tuated on the Ouse. Many of the inhabitants are employed in lace making. Four miles distant from Stony Stratford, but in Northamptonshire, is Wakefield Lodge, the seat of the Duke of Grafton. Wolvertou House. Stoke Park, and beyond, Easton Neston, a seat of the Earl of Pomfret, which for¬ merly contained a splendid collection of ancient paint¬ ings and marbles, given by a Countess of Pomfret, in 1755, to the University of Oxford. The adjoining church contains several curi¬ ous and interesting monu¬ ments. 1 mile from the latter is Towce-ter, situated on the ancient Watling Street, near the river Tow The church contains a monument in me¬ mory of Wm. Sponne, who founded a college in this town the time of Henry VL Pop. 2417. To Towcester 4 miles. Everdon Hall. To Daveutry, 4 miles, near which are the very perfect remains of Ro¬ man field works on Wat¬ ling Street; Southam, 14 miles; Leamington, 21 miles; Warwick,23 m. 1£ mile distant is Stowe Nine Churches, contain¬ ing a beautiful monu¬ ment to the memory ot Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Latimer. The sculp¬ tor of this exquisite work being unknown. Norton Hall, B Bot field, Esq. Ashby St Leger, fn the church of whicn is a mo¬ nument to SirW.Catesby behead* d at Leicester after the battle of Bos worth Field (see p. 196). , Rugby, Coventry, and Firming 69f 752 wimmmm Aston. I St ation J [SaJtley Station !\sAile/ BORDIy#i.E; GREKN LITTLE BOBDESLE? LONDON TO BIRMINGHAM BY RAILWAY— Continued. 203 ON EIGHT FEOM LON 0, s-§ o - height above the rails, and cost upwards of £300,000. Enter Warwickshire, cross Oxford and Coventry Canal. 1 From 1 London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. rates the waters of the Avon from those of the Ouse and Nen. Stamford line brandies To Lutterworth, 7 m.; toMarketHarboro’, 19 m. Midland Railway joins. 29f RUGBY Junction St. 82f Hill Moreton. One mile distant is Rugby, a market-town in the county of Warwick, famous for its grammar-school, founded in the reign of Elizabeth by Lawrence Sheriff'. The school is now considered one of the best in the kingdom. The late cele¬ brated scholar, Dr. Arnold, author of the History of Rome, &c., was one of its head masters. Adjacent to the town is an eminence called Castle Mount, from its having originally been the site of a castle supposed to have been erected in the time of King Stephen. The Midland Counties, the Trent Valley, the Stam¬ ford and the Leamington Railways commence here. Pop. of Rugby 1861, 7818. One mile and a half from Rugby is Bilton Hall, remarkable as having been the residence of Addison. In the garden is a long avenue called Addison’s Walk, this having been his favourite promenade. To Dunchurch, three miles. Trent Valley line joins. Newbold Grange. Newbold Hall, Sir T. G. Skipwith, Bart. Holbrook Grange, T. Caldecott, Esq. Wolston. At a distance, Combe Abbey (Earl Craven). 231 Brandon Station. Sowe Viaduct. Branch to Leaming¬ ton. 891 Brandon Hamlet. Whitley Abbey, Vis¬ count Hood. Branch to Nuneaton. 18* COVENTRY (see p. 199). Allesley Park, E. V Neale, Esq. Berkswell Hall, Sir J. E.Eardley Wilmot, Bart. At a distance, Packing- ton Pa., Earl of Ayles- ford. The Birmingham and Derby Junction branches off here. 15 13J 9 * 6 Allesley Gate Station. Dooker’s Lane Station. cr. Woonton Green Viaduct. Hampton Junction St. Marston-Green Station. 3i Stechford Station. 94 97i Branch to Warwick. To Southam, 13 miles. To Kenilworth,5 nulca. 99 i 1031 1061 Elmdon Hall, A. Iqq Spooner Lillingston, Esq. BIRMINGHAM St. 112 } Birminou.* m, a large commercial and manufacturing town, is situated in tha 204 BIRMINGHAM. north-east corner of Warwickshire. It is seventy-nine miles south-east from Liverpool, and the same distance north-east from Bristol, both in a straight line. As Birmingham is nearly in the centre of England, its situation is elevated. The soil around it is light, but has lately been much improved. The appearance of the city itself is mean—a great multitude of the houses being inhabited by workmen. St. Martin’s church is the only building of great antiquity. Its ex¬ terior is poor, having in 1690 been cased with a covering of bricks to preserve it from falling. The spire alone remains in its original state, a graceful monument of olden architecture. The interior is grand and imposing, though disfigured by a coating of plaster and by tawdry ornaments. St. Philip’s Church is an elegant building, and, in the opinion of many, forms the chief architectural ornament of the city. Besides these two, there are upwards of twelve churches and chapels be¬ longing to the Established Church, and forty-five Dissenting chapels, several of them elegant in form. Till lately, Birmingham possesed few public buildings worthy of notice, but the citizens are adding to their number. The town-hall is a splendid edifice of the Corinthian order, the material being Anglesea marble. Its length is 166 feet, breadth 104 feet, and height 83 feet. The saloon, 140 feet long, 65 feet wide, and 65 feet high, contains one of the largest organs in Europe. The grammar-school is a fine Gothic edifice, designed by Mr. Barry, and erected at an expense of L.4000. The theatre, the banks, the libraries. Society of Arts, Ac. are also worthy of notice. The schools in Birmingham are numerous and flourishing. Among these may be mentioned the free grammar-school founded and chartered by Edward VI. Its income derived from land is L.3000 per annum ; the Blue Coat School and the Protestant Dissenter’s cuarity school are supported by subscriptions. There are several associations for moral and intel¬ lectual improvement, such as a mechanics’ institution with a library of more than 1500 volumes, the Society of Arts, and a philosophical institution. The old library contains above 30,000 volumes, and the new library above 5000. The savings banks and provident institutions and societies, are numerous and highly beneficial. There are also many charitable institutions well supported. The Dispensary, Humane Society, and Magdalen Institution merit great praise. From a very early period Birmingham has been renowned for its manufactures in steel, iron, Ac. This trade is now carried on to an extent elsewhere unequalled. The principal branches of it are, plate and plated wares, ornamented steel goods, jewellery, japannery, papier inache, cut-glass ornaments, steel-pens, buckles and buttons, cast-iron articles, guns and pistols, steam-engines, toys, Ac. Birming¬ ham is connected with Loudon and various places by means of canals, and forms a centre of railway communication with even- part of the kingdom. The railway from London to Birmingham, which was opened in 1837, is now amalgamated with the Grand Junction line, the two forming the London and Korth-Western Railway. Birmingham returns three M.P. Population, 343,700. LONDON TO DENBIGH THROUGH BIRMINGHAM, NEWPORT, &c. 205 The journey is performed in 2 hours 45 minutes. Omnibuses leave the follow¬ ing offices in London and Birmingham for the railway stations. London officer: —Spread Eagle, Gracechurch Street j Cross-Keys, Wood Street; BoIt-in-Tun, Fleet Street; Swan with Two Necks, Lad Lane ; George and Blue Boar, Hol- born ; Spread Eagle, Regent Circus ; Golden Cross, Charing Cross ; and Green Man and Still, Oxford Street. Birmingham offices:—Swan, Castle, Hen and Chickens, Albion, and Nelson. LXXXV. LONDON TO DENBIGH THROUGH BIRMINGHAM, NEWPORT, WHITCHURCH, WREXHAM, AND MOLD, 206J. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. s| 2 c el o-c o 1-1 20 GJ, From Hicks’s Hail to Aston Park, once the 97 Birmingham, (p. 199.) 109.1 residence of James Watt. cr. the Warwick Canal. 95* Hockley Brook. Enter Staffordshire. 110f' 94| Handsworth. ms Prrry Hall, J. Gough, Esq. 75^2 cr. the river Tame. r \ Great Barr Hall, Sir F. 914 Snail’s Green. 115.j . E. Scott, Bart. 2 miles distant Aldridge Lodge. 88 £ WALSALL has a fine and spacious church 118 To Lichfield, 91 miles. subscription library, several meetinsr houses, and other dis sentiner chapels, a free grammar. English Blue Coat, and Sund \y schools. The inhabitants are principally employed in manu¬ facturing' hardware used in saddlery. 1 M.P. Pop. 37,700 ] r cr. the Essington and Wirley Canal. 85* Bloxwich. 120 * Forward to Cannock, 1 811 Church Bridge. 124| mile. To Castle Brom- wich, 15 miles. 79f Four Crosses Inn. 12GJ n Hatherton Hall, and bo- [ vond, TeddesleyHall, Lord Hatherton. 77k Spread Eagle. 129 2 miles distant Strettou Hall. London and North 1 mile south of Ivetsev Western Railway. Bank is Boseobel House, where the Penderellslived 72t Ivetsey Bank. 1341 who concealed Charles II. after the battle of Worces¬ ter. In a field near the house is the Koval Oas, 70> Weston under Lizard. 1361 : ON LEFT FROM LOND, Edgbaston Hall, Lord Soho, M. R. Boulton, Lsq. Sand well Park, Earl of •artmouth. Hampstead Hall. 2 miles distant Bentley louse. To Wolverhampton, 6$ RQton IlalL To Wolverhampton, 7* dies, Brewood, 2| miles. 2 miles distant Somerford Weston Hall. Earl of 206 LONDON TO DENBIGH THROUGH BIRMINGHAM, NEWPORT. &c. planted on theoriginal spot from an acorn of the tree in which Charles was shel¬ tered. The exiati d tc *go. , Boughey, Bart. To Stafford, 123 miles. To Ecclcshall, 93 miles. Bradford. B. Chetwynd Park, Borough, Esq. To Drayton, 4$ miles. To Drayton, 3 miles. Buntingsdale Hall, . Tayleur, Esq. To Whitchurch by Igh field, 8 miles. 2 mill distant, Cloverly Hall, . W. Dod, Esq. Sandford Hall. To Newcastle unde Lyme, 22 m.,—Nantwich 11 m.,—Chester, 20 m.,- iMalpas, 5 miles. At a distance, Comber mere Abbey, V Combermere. sj £ p Q 67^ Bloomsbury. Enter Shropshire. 1394 6 GI Woodcote. 1393 NEWPORT, a small town near the Homan 1421 64 LWatlingStreet, possesses an ' old church, (part of which jhas been rebuilt in such a st\le as totally to destroy its venerable character,'land several other places of wor¬ ship. The humorous poet, Turn Brown, is said by some to have been born here; but others affirm that Shiff- nal was Iris birth-place. Pop. 2S56. 62f Chetwynd. 1434 60i Stanford Bridge. 1464 .584 Hinstock. 148 564 Shakeford. 1504 544 Sutton Heath. rfrt, cr. river Tern. 1524 52| Tern Hill. 1544 51 Bletchley. 1554 484 Sandford. 1584 44* Great Ash. 161| cr. the Ellesmere Canal. 1634 434 WHITCHURCH Is pleasantly situated on an eminence, at the summit of which stands the church, a i handsome edifice rebuilt in 1722 , on the site or a more ancient structure. It con¬ tains several effigies of the Talbots, one of which is to the memory of the fa¬ mous Earl of Shrewsbury, “ the English Achilles.” Here are also a house of in- 1 ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Shiflhal, 4-1 miles. Woodcote Hall, John otea, Esq. The rums of Lilleshall 23 miles distant Lilies all, Duke of Sutherland. To Wellington, Similes Longford Hall, R. Mi To Shrewsbury, 16 m. Wellington, 14-3 miles. 2 miles distant Hawke tone (Viscount Hill), cele¬ brated for its combination of natural and artificial beauties. In the grounds there is an obelisk sur¬ mounted by a statue of Sir R. Hill, first Protestant Lord Mayor of London. dustry, a free school, meeW* LONDON TO DENBIGH THROUGH BIRMINGHAM. &t. -Continued. OQ7 ON RIGHT FROM LONDj £ t Iscoed Park. Emral Park, Sir E. Pu- leston, Bart. Cefn. To Chester by Holt 14 miles, by Pulford Ilf m. 1 mile distant, Acton Park, (Sir R. H. Cunliffe, Bart.) the birth-place of the infamous Judge Jef¬ freys beyond, — Hoseley Hall. Gwersyllt Hall. Plas Issa. There is another road from Mold to Denbigh by Alien Kilken, Llangwyfan, Llandyrnog, and Whit¬ church, 3£ miles shorter than the route described. ' Llwynegrin. Gwysaney Hall, P. D. Cooke, Esq. Kilken HalK Halkyn Castle, Marquis of Westminster. To Caerwys, 1 mile. 39 £ 32 * 30 27 i 22J 15J 94 ing-houses, chanty schools, and alms-houses. Pop. of town, 3704. Little Green. Bangor Iscoed, (Flint¬ shire.) cr. the river Dee. Marchwiel, (Denbigh¬ shire.) The church contains several monuments, and a stained glass window, executed by Kggerton. WREXHAM, a flourishing town, noted for its fairs. The principal object is the church, a noble structure of the fifteenth century, surmounted by a tower of great beauty. The interior is highly ornament¬ ed, and contains a superb altar piece, besides a num¬ ber or monuments of pecu¬ liar beauty. Pop. 8(100. Wrexham and Ruthin are included in the Denbigh district of burghs. (See also p. 148.) Caergwrle, (Flinish.) MOLD, a small neat town, with a church containing some good monuments. In the vicinity are cotton-milis, On an eminence called the Moel Fammau is a monu¬ ment, erected in honour of the Geo. III. jubilee. Top. of Par. bor. 1861, 3735. it forms one of the Flint dis¬ trict of burghs. £ i 167z mi 176 ! 179 Nannerch. 184 191 197 ON LEFT FROM LOND — 1 mile distant Hanmer I Hall, Sir J. Hanmer, Bart. Gredington, Lord Ken¬ yon, and Bettisfield Park, Sir J. Hanmer, Bai t. To Ellesmere, 10 miles. Erthig, S. Yorke, Esq. To Oswestry, 15 m.,— Llangollen, 12 miles,— Ruthin, 16 miles. Another road, 24 miles in length, leads from Wrexham by Ruthin, 3£ miles shorter than the road by Mold, Ruthin is situ¬ ated on the declivity of i hill in the vale of Clwyd. The principal objects arc the church, the town-hall, the free school which has produced many eminent scholars, and the remains of the castle. Pop. of Pari, bor. 1861, 3372. 2 m. from Ruthin is Pool Park, Lord Bagot. Lees wood, J. W. Ey ton, Esq., and beyond Nerquis Hall Tower. To Ruthin, 8 miles. Rhual. Rhual Issa. Penbedw. Moel-y-Gaer mountain.. 1280 feet high. The sum ^ mit has upon it some, fine remains of a military! work. 208 LONDON TO DENBIGH THROUGH BIRMINGHAM, &c. -Continu'd. ON EIGHT FROM LOND. Q Bryn Bella, (Sir J. S. 4£ Piozzi Salusbury,) once the residence of Madame Piozzi, friend of Dr 31 •Johnson, while Mrs Thrale. She bequeathed this property to the present owner, a relative of her last husband. p Llanerch Park. Bodfari. ON LEFT FROM LOND. O kJ _ 202i 8 miles distant, Glany- wern, J. Madocks, Esq. Pont Ryffyfh. cr. the river Clwyd. and enter Denbighshire. Whitchurch. DENBIGH. 203| 205J 20GJ Near this bridge is Lleweny Hall, contain¬ ing a fine Gothic hall, fitted up as an armoury. At a short distance are extensive bleaching works, established by the late Hon. T. Fitz- maurice.* Denbigh, the capital of Denbighshire, is pleasantly situated on a rocky emi¬ nence in the beautiful vale of Clwyd. The castle, now in ruins, was founded in the reign of Edward I. It underwent a siege during the civil wars, and after the Restoration of Charles II. was blown up with gunpowder and rendered completely untenable. The ruins cover the summit of the craggy hill, and the prospect through the broken arche3 and frittering walls is extensive and beautiful. Denbigh has been compared to Stirling in Scotland, and has a very imposing aspect from a dis¬ tance, with the ruinous castle crowning the summit of the hilL The parish church is situated at Whitchurch, one mile from the town, but is seldom used by the in¬ habitants, who generally attend divine worship at the ancient chapel of St Hilary. In the porch of the parish church, partly ruinous, are the effigies in brass of Richard Middleton of Gwaenynog, and Jane, his wife. He was governor of Den¬ bigh Castle in the reigns of Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth. William, his third son, was a sea captain, and a poet; Thomas, fourth son, became Lord Mayor of London, and founder of the family of Chirk Castle; Hugh, the sixth son, ex¬ pended an immense fortune in bringing the new river into London. An ancient priory for Carmelites existed at Denbigh, but the conventual church, now con¬ verted into a malt-house, is all that remains of the institution. Denbigh had formerly a considerable manufactory of gloves and shoes. It unites with Holt, Ruthin, and Wrexham, in returning one M.P. Pop. 6300. The vicinity hounds with beautiful and interesting scenery. It gives the title of Earl to the Fielding family. * Mr Fitzmaurice was brother of the first Marquis of Lansdowne, and married Mary third Countess of Orkney. In order to encourage his tenantry in Ireland, and promote the national manufacture of linens, lie erected a bleaching establishment here at an expense of L.2000, in which, under his own superintendence, 4000 pieces were bleached yearly. It is said he usually travelled in his coach to Chester, and when there stood behind a counter. LX XXVI. LONDON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD, THROUGH ST AL- 209 BANS, WOBURN, NORTHAMPTON, LUTTERWORTH, LICHFIELD, STAFFORD, AND NANTWICH, 274 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LONG. To Kettering, 13$ nu; Wei lingborough. 11 m. ; 1£ m distant, Abington Abbey (a lunatic asylum), and beyond Overstone Park, Lord Over¬ stone. To Market Harborough, 15£ m.; l^m. distant, Bough- tou House, R. W. Howard Vyse, Esq, Brampton House. Spratton House. Cottesbrooke House, Sir J. H. Langham, Bart. Thornby Hall; and, 2 miles distant, is Naseby, where the decisive-battle was fought be¬ tween Charles I. and the Parliamentary forces under Cromwell. The village is considered the centre of England, and the highest ground in it. 3 rivers, the Welland, Nene, and Avon, take their rise in this parish. Sulby Abbey, G. Payne, Esq. To Leicester, 16 miles. At a distance, Bosworth H ill, G- F. Turville, Esq. MUterton Hall. To Leicester, 12$ m. 274 208 206* 203| 200 * 196) 193* 190* 187 185 Ullesthorpe House. Claybrooke Hall. 184 181 17!) From Hicks’s Hull to NORTHAMPTON, p. 224. Kings thorpe. Chapel Brampton. Creaton. To the left of this place is Holmby House, where Charles I. was imprisoned. Thornby. Welford. 1^45 cr. river Kil worth, and enter Leicestersh. North Kilworth. Walcote. LUTTERWORTH, on the Swift, has a con¬ siderable stocking trade. The church is a large handsome building, ami contains several tombs of the Feildings, and a carved oak pulpit, the top of. which is said to have I formed part of that from| which Wyckliffe deliver!*!’ his discourses. The ihu in which lie expired is ilao shown. He w-a buried here in 13£/; but, in 1428, liis body was taken up and burnt, and his ashes cast into the Swift. Pop. 2289. Bitteswell. Claybrooke. Higli Cross (on Wat- ling Street). Here two Roman roads, the Fosse iu>d 1 S.g £ c 6a J3 66 674 701 73J 77i 801 83J 87 89 ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Daventry, 12 miles. 2 miles distant Upton Hall. Kmgsthorpe House, and Althorp Park, Earl Spencer. (See p. 202.) Teeton House. Hollowell and Guilds* borough Hall, W. Z. L. Ward, Esq. 3 miles distant Stan ford Hall, (the Baroness Braye.) To Rugby, 8 miles ; to Coventry, 13^ miles. Coton Hall. Newnham Paddox Earl of Denbigh. 210 LONDON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD, Sec .— Continue. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 178 1751 To Ashby de la Zouch, 16} miles: M arket H s- worth, 7 miles. 174 } Lindley Hall. Watliug Street, cross each other. Smockington. Burbage. HINCKLEY, noted for its ale and manu¬ facture of hosiery, has a church with an oak roof, curiously ornamented, a very ancient town-hall, &c. Pop. of town, 1S61, 6344. In the vicinity is a spring called the Holywell, for¬ merly dedicated to the Virgin. IS! ON tstr FROM IONU 96 98} 99} To Nuneaton, 5 miles. Weddiugton Hall, Nuneaton, and 3 miles beyond, Arbury Park, C. N. Newdeeate, Esq. Ansley Hall, Sir J. N Ludford Chetwode, Bart. 1671 Witherley. 1061 Atherstone Hall, C. 166} H. Bracebridge, Esq. 2} m., Grendon Hall, Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart., and 4 m. dist., Gopsall Hall, (Earl Howe.) To Burton upon Trent, 20 miles; toTamworth, by Grendon, 9 miles. 1621 11 mile distant, Pooley *61 Hail. To Ashby de la Zouch. 15S} 13 m.; Burton upon | Trent, 15 miles. Tamworth Castle. Wigginton Lodge. Camberford Hall. 156} Packington Hall. Stowe Hall. 150} cr. riverAnker, and enter Warwickshire. ATHERSTONE carries on a considerable trade in hats. In a meadow north of the church the Earl of Richmond en¬ camped previous to the battle of Bosworth Field. Hall End. Wilnecote. Enter Staffordshire. TAMWORTH, (p. 357.) fZQ cr. river Tame and Grand Junction Canal. Hopwas. LICHFIELD 107} 1111 113' 115} 117} 123} 2 m. distant, Caldecote Hall. Oldbury Hall. Mancetter House, Mancetter Hall, and Mancetter, a Roman station. Merevale Hall, W. S. Dugdale, Esq.; and 2 miles beyond, Easterly Hall. To Coleshill, 9} miles, Sutton Coldfield, 7} m. Drayton Manor, Sir R. Peel, Bart. Bonehill, and beyond Middleton Hall, Lord Wenlock. Hint's Hall, W. H. C. Floyer, Esq. Swinfen Hall, J Swin- fen, Esq. Freeford HalL R. Dyott, Esq., Maple Hayes and Pipe Grange. is finely situated on a branch of the river Trent. It is divided by a sheet of water into two parts, the city and the close, the latter being fortified. The cathedral, erected chiefly in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, is the most interesting object in the town, and, from its elevated situation, visible at a great distance. It is 491 feet by 153, and surrounded by a wall. It suffered much in the famous siege which it underwent during the Parliamentary war, but has since been twice tho¬ roughly repaired. The exterior is almost unrivalled for the elegance of its archi¬ tecture, and the interior corresponds in splendour and magnificence. Of tho numerous monuments, those of Dr. Johnson and Garrick, the former a native of LONDON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD. Stc .—Continued 211 tha town, chiefly merit attention. There are also monuments to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Miss Seward, and the celebrated work of Chantrey repre¬ senting two sleeping children. The other places deserving notice are, the house in Bacon Street, where Dr Darwin wrote his Zoonomia, and the house on the west side of the Market Place, the birth-place of Dr Johnson, a statue of whom now adorns the same street. This statue is 19 feet high, in a sitting position, and on the pedestal are three bas reliefs illustrative of the doctor’s life. Also the market- house, the town-hall, the Hospital of St. John, the spot where Lord Brooke fell during the siege of the cathedral, indicated by a pavement of white pebbles, and an inscription recording the event, and the free school of St John, where Ashmole, Addison, Johnson, Garrick, Wollaston, Hawkins Browne, and many other emi¬ nent men received the rudiments of their education. Lichfield contains three parochial churches, several chapels and meeting-houses, charitable institutions, a theatre, library, Ac. The city is a county in itself, with exempt jurisdiction, and sends one member to the House of Commons. It affords the title of Earl to the Anson family. There is little trade except with the interior by means of canals and railway. The brewing of ale also yields considerable profit. The markets are held on Tuesdays and Fridays. Pop. 7400. ON RIGHT FROM IOND. To Ashboran, 24 miles; Abbot’s Bromley, 10J miles. Elmhurst Hall, C. .T. Smith, Esq., Liswis Hall and Haunch Hall. Armitage Park, J. H. Lister Esq.; Lea Hall. In the vicinity of Rugeley, the Grand Trunk Canal is carried over the Trent by means of a noble aqueduct. To Stone 12J miles. Colton Hall, Bishton Hall, and beyond, Blith- lield House, (Lord Bagot.) Shugborough, (Earl of Lichfield), the birth¬ place of the famous Lord Anson, celebrated for its natural as well as sculp¬ tural beauties. Tixall Hall, Sir T. A. C. Constable Bart. Ingestre Hall, Enrl of Shrewsbury, and beyond, Sandon Hall, Earl of Har- rowby. 'd e~ B o c X* U-> — O 'O c P-4 o ON LEFT FROM LON1). To Birmingham, 16* miles, Walsall, 9 miles. 1471 Longdon Green. 12G| Beaudesert (Marqui^ of Anglesea,) a nobh 1401 Longdon. 1274 building in a noble park. 1441 Brereton. 1291 143 RUGELEY carries on a considerable trade in hats, and has several mills and iron forges. The church has been rebuilt, but has an old tower at the west end. About 2 miles north of the town on Cannock Chase is a famous spring. Pop. 4362. 131 Hagley Park, th< Baroness de la Zouche. Stoke House. 140J Wolseley Bridge. 1331 Wolseley nail, Sir C. Wolseley, Bart. Haywood House. 137 MTlford 137 Brockton Hall, W Cketwynd, Esq. Brockton Lodge. Milford Hall. LONDON TO CHESTER AND HUEVHEAD, &c.— Continued. 212 IN RINHT FROM LOND. 1 From Holyhd. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 135j Weeping Cross. -f±g0 cr. the Stafford 138| To Walsall, 15 miles. and Worcester Canal, and the river Penk. To Stone, 7$ miles ; Sandon, 5 miles. 1331 cr. the river Sow. STAFFORD, 140f To Newport, 10 miles. the capital of the county of that name, is situated on the north bank of the river Sow, about three miles above its junction with the Trent The situation of the town is low but pleasant, the streets being in general regular, and built of stone. A castle, erected here at a very early period, was several times demo¬ lished and rebuilt, but finally destroyed during the Parliamentary war. Ifs ruins now occupy the summit of a neighbouring hill The county-hall is an elegant and spacious edifice in the centre of the town. Near it is the market¬ place, well adapted to the purpose intended. There are also four churches, (the most remarkable of which, St. Mary’s, is cruciform, and contains a curious font), several Dissenting places of worship, a free school founded by Edward VI., a county infirmary, county jail, and lunatic asylum. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in the manufacture of boots and shoes, cutlery, and the tanning of leather. Isaak Walton was a native. There is also considerable traffic with the neighbouring counties by means of railways and canal. The town returns two M.P., and has done so since the reign of Edward I. It gives the title of Marquis to the Dukes of Sutherland, and that of Baron to the Jemingham family. Population, 15,000. Johnson Hall. 130 Great Bridgeford. 144 cr. the river Sow. 1281 Walton. 1453 126 * ECCLESHALL, I47j 1 Creswell Hall. Seighford Hall, F. Eld. Esq. Acton Hall Eccleshall Castle, Bishop jof Lichfield and Coventry. a neat and pleasant town, situated on the banks of a small stream that flown into the Sow. In its church Bishop Halse concealed Queen Margaret when she fled from Muckleston. It contains a few monuments of the Bosville fa¬ mily. Eccleshall Castle, the residence of the Bishops of Lichfield and Coventry, was founded at a very early period, and rebuilt in 1310, in consequence of damage received in the civil wars, was repaired in 1695. To Stone, C miles. Charnes Hall, IV. Y juge. Esq, and Brougli- ton Hall, Sir H. 11. Hrr.ughton, Bart. ' | 123 Croxton. 151 121 , 1 ! Broughton. 153 To Newport, 9 miles Suguall HulL LONDON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD, &c.— Continued. 213 ON RIGHT FROM LONI). To Newcastle-under-' To Newcastle-under- Lyme, miles. Hough House. Crewe Station, and be¬ yond, Crewe Hall, Lord Crewe. To Newcastle, 15 m. 1 £3 c • a c 5 o o rz N Pn o [117} Muckleston. 156} Enter Shropshire. 114* Dorrington. 1594 113J Woore. 1604 Enter Cheshire. 1115 Bridgemore. 162} 108} Walgherton. 165} Stapeley. 104} NANTWICH 169} ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Drayton, 4 miles. Muckleston Hall, Oak¬ ley Hall, Sir J. N. L. Chetwode, Bart. Adderley Hall, and be¬ yond, Shavington, Earl of Kilmorey. To Drayton, 8 miles. Dorrington Old Hall. To Whitchurch, 13£ m. Drayton, 7 miles Doddington Hall, Sir H. D. Broughton, Bart. Stapelcy House, Rev- J as. Folliott. To Whitchurch, 10 m Drayton, 12f miles. stands in a low flat situation on the east bank of the Weaver. The houses aro for the most part old, and built of timber and plaster. The church is large and cruciform, with stalls, stone pulpit, and an octagonal tower. The Dissenters have several meeting-houses, and there are several ranges of alms-houses. The prosperity of the town was formerly owing to its brine springs and salt-works, which were of great antiquity and celebrity, but only one spring is now worked. The chief manufactures are of shoes, cheese, gloves, and cotton goods. The Chester, the Ellesmere, the Liverpool, and Birmingham Junction canals, and tht Middlewich Branch canal unite in the neighbourhood of the town, and the Grand Junction canal passes at no great distance. The Crewe station, a great focus oi railways, is close to Nantwicli. Pop. of township, 622 5 . Two miles distant, the Rookery. 103} cr. river Weaver. Acton. 170} Pool Hall (F. E. Mas¬ 102} Ilurleston. 171} sey, Esq.) was built in the 16th century, and is one of the most vener¬ able specimens of domes¬ tic architecture in the 101} Barbridge. 172} county. Calveley Hall, E. D. Davenport ? Esq., and 4 m. to the right, Darnliall, T. 3 Corbett, Esq. cr. Chester Canal. 1 Dorfold Hall. 7 miles distant, Com- bermere Abbey (Vis¬ count Combermere) an ancient Cistercian abbey. It is beautifully situated. 6 m. distant is Cholmon- deley Castle (Marquis of Cholmondeley), to whom Nantwich gives the title of Baron. Haugnton. 214 LONDON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD, &c— Continued ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Tilstone Lodge, l. ToL leraaclie, Esq. t*. o — « I 98!' Highway Side. To Northwich, 10 milei. The Bank, and 2 mile* farther to the right, Oui- ton Hall, Sir P. De Mai pas Grey Egerton, Bart. 95f TAKPORLEY is pleasantly situated, clean¬ ly and neatly built, and is noted for its annual fox¬ hunt. The church is an an¬ cient structure, containing several monuments with in¬ scriptions, interesting to the antiquary, and some armo¬ rial bearings in windows of coloured glass. The inha¬ bitants are chiefly employed in the manufactureof stock¬ ings and leather breeches. In 1G42, a battle was fought at this place between Sir W. Brereton and the Royalists from Chester, who, on this occasion, were victorious. Pop. 1212. 1781 3 miles distant Aston Hayes, Grey Booth, Li&q. To Frodsham, 71 miles, Northwich, 12 miles. \ To Frodsham, 9i miles. I I Houle liouec. To Frodsham, 11 miles; Liverpool across the Ferry, »j 8 , Park Gate, 12. i ! 94 Clotton. 180 93 Dudden. 181 914 Tarvin. 1824 90 Stamford Bridge. 184 88| Vicar’s Cross. 185| cr. Chester Canal. 86f Boughton. 1874 854 CHESTER (p. 149.) 1884 cr. the river Dee. ^®cr. Ellesmere Can. 81 Bretton ( Flintshire.) 193 Hawarden gives the title of Viscount to the Maude family. Aston Hall. The picturesque ruins of Ewloe Castle are delight¬ fully situated in a sylvan dingle, in which the forces of Henry II. met with a signal defeat from the sons iof Owen Gwynedd. - Q i | To Flint, 3 miles. * HAWARDEN, a well-built town, with the ruins of an ancient castle. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the collieries and in the manufacture of earthen-ware. Pop. of township, 652- Ewloe. 198 Northop. 2004 ON LEFT FROM LOND. Twomiles distant are the ruins of Beeston Castle, erected by Randle Blun¬ dell, Earl of Chester, in 1220. It was dismantled during the civil wars by or¬ ders of the Parliament. This fortress stands on the slope and summit ofasand- stone rock, which forms on one side an almost perpen¬ dicular precipice of great height. The outer court encloses an area of about 5 acres. The walls are pro¬ digiously thick, and nave several round towers. A deep ditch, sunk in the so¬ lid rock, surrounds the keep, which was entered by a drawbridge opposite two circular watch-towers still remaining. Camden speaks of a draw-well bored to the base of the rock, a depth of 90 yards, and com¬ municating with a brook in the vale below. Littleton Hill. To Whitchurch, 15 m. Boughton Hall. Eaton Hall (Marquis of Westminster). To Wrexham, 10$ cl To Mold, 6i miles. Hawarden Castle, Sir S. li. Glynne, Bart Hawarden Hayes. Northop Hall. To Mold, 3 miles. Lower Saughton, Mid¬ dle Saughton, and Upper Saughton LOIN DON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD, &c.— Continued. 215 ON niGHT FROM LOND. To Flint, 2£ miles. Three mileB beyond is Downing, formerly the residence of the cele¬ brated topographer, T. Pennant, Esq., and one mile beyond it, near the sea, Mostyn Hall, Lord Mostyn, 'and farther along is Talacre, Sir P. Mostyn, Bart. 70f 67 Cl} The see of St Asaph was founded so early as 543, and comprises parts of the counties of Flint, Montgomery, Denbigh, Merioneth, and Salop. Bodhyddan, W.S. Con¬ wy, Esq.; farther to the right Pengwern, Lord Mostyn. Halkin. HOLYWELL derives its name from a spring called St Winifred’s Well. In the vicinity are extensive lead mines, and numerous manufactories of paper, snuff, copper, and cotton. It joins with 7 other Flint boroughs in returning 1 M.P. Pop. of Pari. Bor. 5335. Brick Kiln, cr. river Clwyd. ST ASAPH, a small but pleasant and very ancient city, situated between the Clwyd and Elwv. The cathedral is a neat plain structure, and the east windowhas painted glass. This see has'num¬ bered among its bishops the excellent. Dr. W. Beve¬ ridge. In the churchyard is the tomh of Bishop Isaac Barrow, who was tutor to the great mathematician and divine, Dr Isaac Bar¬ row, his nephew. The Episcopal palace, recently rebuilt, is a commodious re¬ sidence, and the scenery of the Clwyd is particularly beautiful. It affords the title of Viscount to the Earls ofAshburnham. Pop. 1861, 2063. This is one of the Flint dist. of burghs. p n Sj 203| 207 212f ON LEF1 FROM LOND. Halkvn Castle, Mar¬ quis of 'Westminster. Brynfued. 1£ mile dist. Bryn Bella, Sir J. S. Piozzi Salushurv, the heir of Madame Fiozzi. Llanerch Park and Bronwylfa, General Sir Henry Browne, K.C.H. Wyglair ana Cefn. Three miles distant Plas Heaton, J. Heaton, Esq.; and beyond,Faenol, one of the best old houses in the county of Flint. To Denbigh, 3f miles. Bodelwyddan, Sir J. H Williams, Bart. I Kinmel Park, H. R. Hughes, Esq. Gwrych Castle, L. H. B. Hesketh, Esq.; Bryn- dulas, J. Hesketh, Esq. Marie. Bodyscallan. 52} 50 47} cr. the river Elwv. Llan St Sior or St George ( Denbighshire .) ARERGELE is much frequented in the bathing season, there being excellent sands, and the sceneryin the vicinity beau¬ tiful. Near it is a huge cal¬ careous rock called Cefn-vr Oge, in which are several natural caverns. Pop. of parish 3308. 221 f 224 Llandulas. 226 \ cr. river Conway. 38* ABERCONWAY (Caer- narvoruhir* } 235 $ Dyffrynaled, P. W. Yorke, Esq. Three miles distant Coed Coch, J. L. Wynne, Esq.; farther to the left Garthewin, B. H. Wynne, Esq. Brynsteddfod, J. C. Jones, Esq. f 216 LONDON TO CHESTER AND HOLYHEAD. &c.— Continued. OX RIGHT FROM LOND. fi P ^ eJ P12 ON LEFT FROM LOXD. j i. O i Gloddaeth. Over Penmaen Mawr. To Llanrwst, 12 miles. To Beaumaris across the 294 Mountain to Aber. 244? Lavan Sands and Ferry, 5* miles, but this route is by no means safe, as the sands frequently shift. Penrhyn Castle, Hon. E. G. Douglas Pennant. 25? LlandegaL 2484 Snowdon in the dis¬ tance. Lime Grove, 24 BANGOR (p. 1821. 250 214 Menai Bridge. (See p. 182.) 2524 Treborth, and beyond Vaynol, T. A. Smith, Esq. To Beaumaris, 4 miles, -?50 cr. the Menai To Llangefhi, 6J miles end Baron Hill. Sir R. B. W. Bulkcley, Bart. Strait, and enter Anglesea. HOLYHEAD (p. 249). 274 ! 1 LXXXVII. FROM LONDON TO CHESTER THROUGH NEWPORT AND WHITCHURCH, 183* Miles,—Continued to PARKGATE, 195* Miles. 0 9 RIGHT FROM LOND. From Parkgatc From London. / ON LEFT FROM LOND. ^ From Hicks’s Hall to j 32 Whitchurch, p. 206. 1634 • Enter Cheshire. 4 50 Grindley Bridge. 1651 Combermere Abbey, Viscount Combermere. ’ About 2$ miles distant is Cholmondeley Castle (Marquis of Cholmonde¬ ley), an elegant mansion, adorned witn a library and a fine collection of paint¬ ings. Bolesworth Castle. 25J Hampton Guide Post. 23 1 Broxton. 169? 172? 14 mile distant is Mai. pas, a well built town, si¬ tuated on an eminence near the Dee. The church is a handsome building, containing a vault of the Cholmondeley family. Bishop Heber was a na¬ tive of this town. Carden HaU, (J. JL Lecfce, Es 5 -) FROM LONDON TO CHESTER— Continued. 217 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. o & l! ON LEFT FROM LOND. - -J 193 Handley. 1754 Aldersey Hall, S. Alder* sey, Esq. is? Golbourn Bridge. 1764 Eaton Hall, Marquis of Westminster. 17 Higher Hatton. 1784 Rowton Boughton Hall. 134 Boughton. 182 Hoole Hall. Bache Hall. 12 CHESTER, p. 149. 1834 Mollington Hall, J. Ffeilden, Esq. 94 Mollington. 1851 Moston Hall. 6| The Yacht. 1884 Puddington Hall Burton Hall, R. Con- greve, Esq. 2 i Enderton. 193 To Liverpool, by Wood side Ferry, 104 nnles. n GREAT NESTON. 194 PARKGATE. 1954 Parkgate is much resorted to for sea-bathing. It is also noted as a station from which packets sail for Ireland. LXXXVIII. LONDON TO LIVERPOOL THROUGH DUNSTABLE, COVENTRY, LICHFIELD, STONE, KNUTSFORD, AND WARRINGTON, 206 Miles. Packington Hall, Earl cf Aylesford. ?, miles distant is Max- stoke Castle (T. Dilke, E*q.), a considerable part of which ~«nains in the same state as when erected by Edward UI. Here also are the remains of a priory built by the same monarch. Blyth Hall (W. S. Dug- dale, Esq.), formerly the property of Sir W. Dug- dale, author of the Mcnasticon. Hams Hall, C. B. Ad* deiley. Esq. 106J 102J From Hicks’s Hall to Stone Bridge, War¬ wickshire (p. 199). COJ.ESHILL. The church is a fine specimen of Gothic archi¬ tecture, containing nu¬ merous monuments, par¬ ticularly of the Clinton and Digby families, and two of cross-legged (knights. It affords thel Ititle of Viscount to the) [Earls Digby. 993 103f ON LEFT FROM LOND. To Warwick, 14 miles; to Birmingham, 93 miles Coleshill Tark, Lord Digby. 38 LONDON TO LIVERPOOL, kc.—Continued. S j ? s ON RIGHT FROM LOND. O « b. 0 —3 ON LEFT FROM LOND. i 100 J Curdworth Bridge. cr. river Tame. ffyQ cr. Birmingham 105f Canal. Moxhul Hall, B. P. G. C. Noel, Esq. Middleton Hall, Lord Wenlock. 98| Wishaw. 1 07 f To Tamworth, 5 miles. Enter Staffordshire. 941 Basset’s Pole. lllf To Sutton Coldfield, 2| Cftnwell Hall, Lord Wenlock. miles, and beyond Sutton Park. Hints TIall, W. H. C Floyer, Esq. 911 W eeford. 114S Thickbroom Cot. 894 Swinfen. 1164 Shenstone Pa., E. Grove, Esq., and beyond. l'reeford Hall, R. Dyott, Esq. cr. Wyrley and l otherley Hall. Essington Canal. To Derby, 23J miles; Abbot’s Bromley, 11J m. Stowe House. 871 LICHFIELD* (See p. 210. 114 s To Birmingham, 1!$ m. Walsall, 9 miles. Pipe Grange. Elmhurst Hall, J. Smith, Esq. Maple Hayes. 831 Longdon. 1223 Beaudesert Park (Mar¬ quis of Anglesea; a mag¬ nificent mansion, sur- Armytage Park. 811 Brereton. 124f rounded by fine trees. 79f RUGELEY 1261 The Grand Trunk Canal carries on a considerable is here carried over the trade i n hats, and has seve- Trent by a noble aqueduct. ral mills and iron forges. Hagley Park, the an ancient church, &e. Baroness De la Zouche. Pop. of town, 4362. Two miles distant, on Bellamore House. Colton Hall, Bishton 774 (Seep. 211.) Wolselev Bridge. 1284 Cannock Chase is a fa¬ mous spring. Wolselev Hall, Sir C. -C-ii cr. river Trent NVolseley, Bart. and Grand Trunk Canal. Blithfield House, (Lord 76f Cohvich. 1291 Bagot.) The church contains a number of monuments of the Ansons and W olseleys. Great Haywood. Shugborough (Earl of Lichfield), the birth-place of the great Lord Anson. Tixall Park, Sir T. A. C. Constable, Bart. 751 130| Shirleywich. Ingestre Hall, Earl 7’2J 1331 Tbit road to Lichfield is 4J miles nearer than that through Northampton and Lutterworth LONDON TO LIVERPOOL THROUGH DUNSTABLE, he.—Continued. 210 - eU C O OX EIGHT FROM LOND. o 1 C ^3 ON LEFT FROM LOND. U. 5 >f SlLrewsbury. This seat las belonged to the same family since the time of 134 1364 Kdward III. Sandon Hall, Earl of Uarrowby; and beyond Cliartley, Earl Ferrers, andthe ruins of Chartley Castle. 72 69* Weston. Sandon. To Stafford, 4£ miles. 1395 Stoke. To Leek, 16£ miles; to 651 STONE 140J To Stafford, 7 miles; Cheadle, 10 miles. has a handsome modern to Eecleshall, 5* miles. Stone Park, Earl Gran- church, a free school, and ville. other charities. Pop. of township, 4509. cr. Grand Trunk Canal and the Trent. Meaford Hall,Viscount St Vincent. 63J Darlaston. 142J Darlaston Hall, S. S. Jervis, Esq.; and be¬ yond, Swinnerton Park, T. Fitzherbert, Esq. Barlaston, It. Adderlcy, 61| Tittensor Mill. 144} Esq. J!§S5! cr. river Trent. Trentliam Inn. 146 Trentham Park, (Duke of Sutherland), sur¬ rounded by beautiful and 60 59i Hanford. 146J extensive grounds. Fenton Hall; and mile distantis Stoke upon Trent. Butterton Hall. Clayton. Keele Hall, R. Sncyd, Etruria Hall. 56J NEWCASTLE -UNDER- 149| Esq. LIME, p. 221. To Burslem, 2 m. 5ii Chesterton. 1514 Clough Hall. 51£ Talk-on-the-Hill. 154J Linley Wood. cr. Grand Trunk Canal. Enter Cheshire. 50 Ckurch-Lawton. 156 Lawton Hall, C. B. Lawton, Esq. Rode Hall, R. Wilbra- Moreton Hall. 47 Moreton. 159 ham, Esq. 454 Astbury. 1G0| Buglawton Hall. Eaton Hall, G. C. Au- trobus, Esq. 44 CONGLETON, a neat town near the banks of the Dane, having manu¬ factures of silk, ribands, cotton, s nd leather. Pop. 12,344. 162 Somerford Park, Sir C W.Shakerley, Bt., and beyond Brereton Park. Somerford Booth’s Hall, C. Swetenham, Esq., and Swettenham Hall, T. J. W. Swettenham, Esq. 40i cr. river Dane. Hulme Walfield. Marton. 1655 Thornveroft Hall. 39J Siddington. 1662 Capesthorne Hall, E D. Davenport, Esq. I 220 LONDON TO LIVERPOOL TFIROUGn DUNSTABLE, (fee_ Continued. E £■ s| ON BIGHT FROM LOND. 9 1=5 £ 9 ON LEFT EKOM LOND. Henbury. Birtles, and Alderley Park, Lord Stanley of Al- Uerley. 34f- Chelford. 1711 Astle Park. Withington Hall, J Glegg, Esq., and 3 miles distant, Over Peover, Sir 31| H. M. Mainwaring, Bart. Norbury Booth’s Hall, Ollerton Gate. 1711 Toft Hall, It. Leyces- P. Legh, Esq. 29} ter, Esq. Tatton Park, W. T. KNUTSFORD 1761 Tabley Hall, seat of Egerton, Esq., M.P. is said to have derived its Lord de Tabley, a hand- name from Canute or Knut some edifice of the Doric passing the ford here with his army. Many of the in- order, containing a fine picture gallery. Within habitants are engaged in the grounds is the old the manufacture of cotton. hall of Tabley, a vener- Annual races are held here able structure covered in July. Pop. of town with ivy, standing on an 26f 3575. island in a lake which adorns the park. High-Legh Hall, G. C. Le CO CO ford Hall. Bank Hall, J. W. Pat¬ ten, Esq. 16J Sankey Bridge. 189} Bewsay Hall, Lord Lilford. cr. Sankey Navi- gatiou. 190} Bold Hall, Sir H. Bold 15J Sankey. Iloghton, Bart. 11 Ramhill. 195 Halsnead Hall, R. Two m. dist. Sherdlev Willis, Esq. House and Sutton Lod^e. 8 PRESCOT, 198 In Prescot was born Knowsley Park, the noted for its manufacture the celebrated actor, J. magnificent seat of the of watch-tools and move- P. Kemble* Earl of Derbv : and one ments. At Ravenhead are The Hasles, Sir T. B mile to the right Eccles- celebrated plate - glass Birch, Bart. ton Hall. works. Pop. of town, 6066. Roby Hall. Child wall Hall, Mar- Croxteth Park, Earl of Sefton. 4 Knotty Ash. 202 quis of Salisbury. LIVERPOOL, p. 221. 206 Hotels at Liverpool: Large New Hotel, front of Lime Street Terminus of the L. and N. W. Kailway; the Waterloo, Washington, Adelphi, Queen’s, Victoria. Stork, Lawrence’s Temperance, dtc., &c. •- if B olauic Ifanliii 'BRUNSWICK' New Ferre forth&ConXoy IAN MERC \cri‘"’_ J. Edn> LONDON TO LIVERPOOL THROUGH DUNSTABLE, he.—Continued. 221 Newcastle-under-Lyme is a place of considerable antiquity, and a corpo¬ rate town so early as the reign of Henry VI. A castle was built here during the reign of Henry VII.; but no vestiges of it remain, except a portion of the mound on which it was built. The town has an old church, several meeting-houses, and a range of alms-houses, founded by the second Duke of Albemarle. The chief manufacture is that of hats. There are several silk mills, a paper and a cotton mill; a few of the inhabitants are engaged in the potteries. Two M.P. Pop. 16,000. Stoke-upon-Trent is one of the new Parliamentary boroughs created by the Reform Act. This borough has this peculiarity, that instead of comprehend¬ ing one principal town and its suburbs, it consists of a considerable district, ex¬ tending 7| miles in length, and about three miles in breadth, and including the market-towns of Burslem, Hanley, Lane-End, Stoke, Tunstall Court, &c. This dis¬ trict is commonly termed the “ Potteries,” and is the chief seat of the earthen-ware manufacture in England. In the borough, or in its immediate neighbourhood, a very large proportion of the population is engaged in the manufactory of earthen¬ ware. Coals, marl, and potter’s clay are dug in the vicinity. At Etruria is the superb mansion erected by the late Josiah Wedgwood, the great improver of the earthen manufacture of the district. Stoke-upon-Trent returns two M. P. Pop. 130,000. It is connected by railway with all parts of the kingdom. Liverpool, second only to London, stands on the Lancashire shore ot the Mersey. Liverpool held out against Prince Rupert for twenty-six days in 1644, when it was taken and the inhabitants put to the sword. The town was very soon after retaken by General Meldrum, and continued to remain true to the popular cause. Liverpool was merely a chapelry attached to the parish of Walton till the reign of William III. In 1650 but 15 ships belonged to the port. It was at one time deeply engaged in the African slave trade, and in 1764 more than half this trade was carried on by the merchants of Liverpool. Since the great extension of the cotton manufacture it has become the port where the great bulk of the raw material is received, and whence the exports of manu¬ factured goods chiefly take place to all parts of the world. Liverpool, it is asserted, possesses one-tenth part of the shipping of Great Britain ; one-third part of the foreign trade; one-sixth part of the general commerce; and more than one-half as much trade as the port of London. The customs-dues amounted in 1867 to L.3.620,409, and the cotton imported to 2,250,500 bales. The imports are about thirty millions in value, the exports exceeding that sum by a tenth ; and it is calculated that more than 3000 tons of goods pass daily between Liver¬ pool and Manchester alone. Nearly one-third of the tonnage inwards and out¬ wards is engaged in the trade with the United States; in 1867 the tonnage was 531,805. Considerable traffic is carried on also with Africa, the West India Islands, with Brazil, and other parts of South America, and with the East Indies. Its intercourse with Ireland is greater in amount than that kept up with all the other ports of Great Britain. The inland trade of Liverpool is much assisted by 222 LIVERPOOL. means of the Leeds Canal, by the London and North-Western, the Lanca¬ shire and Yorkshire, and the Great Northern lines of railway ; and by the appli¬ cation of steam power to navigation. The docks of Liverpool are constructed on a most stupendous scale. They consist of wet, dry, and graving docks, which are bounded by wide and commodious quays, and immense warehouses. The wet-docks occupy an aggregate of upwards of 200 acres, and the quays are fully 20 miles in length. The dry-docks occupy an area of over 30 acres. In the river front there are two gigantic floating landing-stages. Till the beginning of the present century, the streets of Liverpool were narrow but successive improvements have given the town a grandeur not to be met with in any other port in the kingdom. The public buildings are—the Town-hall, the Exchange buildings, the Custom-house, St. George’s Hall, Brown's Free Public Library (which latter contains the Derby and Mayer Museums), and the Public Offices, Dale Street. The Exchange buildings form tlrree sides of a square, in the centre of which is a group of statuary, in memoiy of Nelson, executed by Westmacott in 1813. The Custom-house contains also the post-office, the excise-office, the stamp-office, the dock-treasurer’s and secretary’s offices, the board-room, and offices of the dock committee. At the junction of London Road and Pembroke Place is an equestrian statue of George III. by Westmacott. In front of St. George’s Hall is an equestrian statue of the late Prince Consort by Thomycroft. A companion figure of her Majesty is in pro¬ gress by the same artist. On the triangle at the foot of Islington is the Welling¬ ton column, surmounted by a gun-metal figure of the Iron Duke. It is 132 feet from base to apex. St. James’s cemetery was, prior to 1828, a stone-quarry. On the summit of the rock, at the northern entrance, is a beautiful chapel after the Greek design, in which are some good mural monuments. The late Mr. Huskisson was interred in this cemetery. Over the place of sepulture is a mausoleum, in which stands a graceful statue in marble (by Gib¬ son) of the great statesman. A duplicate of this statue in bronze, the gift of Mrs. Huskisson, is placed in front of the custom-house. There are two other exten¬ sive cemeteries, one at Anfield to the north, and the other in Smithdown Lane to the south, of the town. Liverpool contains over seventy places of worship connected with the Church of England, and more than 190 Catholic and Dissen¬ ters’ chapels. There are numerous day, evening, and Sunday schools connected with these places of worship, besides large schools, the property of the corpora¬ tion. There are medical, as well as provident and religious charities, and several literary societies. There are six theatres, and a great variety of places of amuse¬ ment. The news-rooms are—the Exchange, the Athenaeum, and the Lyceum, with the latter is associated an extensive library, but a separate property. The public schools are—the Liverpool College, the Liverpool Institute, with Queen's College, and the Royal Institution schools. Walton College, distant about three miles from Liverpool, is a private establishment. At Everton is St. Edward’s College, for the reception of Homan Catholic youths. There are several extensive conventual establishments for the education of girls of that faith. LIVERPOOL. 223 Ths markets of Liverpool are ten in number. The manufactures of Liverpool are on a large scale. There are several exten¬ sive sugar refineries, chemical works, founderies, wood and iron ship-building yards, steel works, anchor and chain cable founderies, and roperies. The value of the corporate estates may be taken at three millions. The dock estate, which is separate from the corporation property, has a revenue of L.441,632, as appears by the returns of 1867. Between 1786 and 1868 upwards of L.300,000,000 have been expended in improving the town, in the formation of new streets, purchasing old obnoxious property, and in carrying out stringent sanitary improvements. Liverpool has five public parks, which will cost an immense amount of money. The site of Liverpool, from some unaccountable cause, is unhealthy ; the death-rate in it is higher than any elsewhere in Great Britain. According to the Registrar-General’s return of births and deaths, the deaths and marriages are double, while the births are little more than half, the number of the average of all England. It has been noticed that Liverpool, since 1740, has invariably doubled its population, town and dock dues, imports and exports, customs, receipts, and payments, every sixteen years. It returns three members to Parliament; one additional having been obtained by the Reform Bill of 1868. Pop. 493,300, being an increase of nearly 50,000 since 1861. The country round Liverpool abounds, in every direction, with noble rest dences. Of these, the most important are Knowsley Hall (Earl of Derby): Croxteth Hall (Earl of Sefton) ; Lathom House (Lord Skelmersdale); Childwali Abbey (Marquis of Salisbury); Speke Hall (W. Watt, Esq.); Hale Hall (J. J. Blackburne, Esq.); Woolton Hall ; Allerton Hall; Allerton Towers, etc. LXXXIX. LONDON TO MANCHESTER THROUGH ST ALBANS, NORTHAMP¬ TON, LEICESTER, DERBY, MACCLESFIELD, AND STOCKPORT, 186 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £ O ON LKFT FROM LOND. Milton Bryant. Woburn Abbey, Duke of Bedford, see p. 201. 14Sf From London to Ilock- Uffe,Bed/ordsh. (p. 19G- 197) 371 Hockliffe Grange, R. T. Gilpin, Esq. Battlesden Park, Sir E. H. P. Turner, Bart. Wavendon Hall, H. C. (Ionre, Esq. Horton House. Sir R. H. Gunning. Bart. 1441 136 WOBURN, fp. 201). Enter Buckinghamsh. cr. river Ouse. NEWPORT PAGNELL, an ancient town ou the banks of the Ouse, formerly famous for its lace trade. Cowper the poet lived many years at Olney in the vici¬ nity. Pop. 3476 411 50 GayhurstFaik. A room in this mansion was the retreat of Sir Everard Digby, one cf the Gu) Fawkes cons]; ; rator8. 224 LONDON TO MANCHESTER THROUGH ST ALBANS, kc.—Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 2 in. distant is Castle Ashby, the seat of the Marquis of Northampton. Delapre Abbey, E. liou- verie, Esq. To Kettering, 13f m. To Wellingboiough, 11 miles. Abington Abbey, nou a Lunatic Asylum. Boughton House, R W. Howard Vyse, Esq.; and beyond Overstone. Lord Overstone. Pitsford Hall and Moulton Grange. Lamport Hall, Sir C. E. lsharn, Bart. Artliing worth Hall, Rev. H. R. Rokeby. Dingley Hall, H. H. H. llungerford, Esq Carlton Curlieu Hall, Sir J. H. Palmer, Bart. Nosely Hall, Sir A. G. Hazlerigg, Bart. Stretton Hall, Rev. Sir G. S. Robinson, Bart. Staugliton Grange. Birstal House. Wanlip Hall, Sir G. Palmer, Bart. Quorndon nalL To Nottingham, 15£ m. 3 miles distant Prest- wold Ha. C. W. Packe, f.»q , and Burton Hall. j £*§ 2g 1274 Horton Inn, North¬ amptonshire. 122 Queen’s Cross, one of those crosses erected by Edward I. in memory of Queen Eleanor. 120 NORTHAMPTON, p.296 1181 Kingsthorpe. 113| Brixworth. 1114 Lamport. 109| Mai dwell. 107* Kelmarsh. 105 Oxendon Magna, cr. river Welland, and enter Leicestersh. 1024 MARKET HARBO- ROUGH, a small town car¬ rying on a trade in carpets. It is supposed to be of Ro¬ man origin, and there are tra¬ ces of a Roman camn in the vicinity. Charles 1. hxed his head quarters here immedi¬ ately previous to the battle of Kacebv. Pop. 2302. 97 Kibworth. 944 Great Glen. 914 Oadby. 88 LEICESTER, (p.354.) 86* Belgrave. t' 54- cross river Soar. 81 Mountsorrel, (p. 35*2.) originally called Mount Soar Hill, from its situation on the banks of the Soar. 77 LOUGHBOROUGH, ip. 3521 71 Kegworth. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 584 64 3 miles distant, Cour- teen Hall, Sir C. Wake Bart. 66 2 miles distant, Upton Hall. To Daventry, 12 miles. 674 Kingsthorpe House, 72* To Welford, 13 miles; thence to Lutterworth, 8$. 744 76* At a distance Cottes- broke Park, Sir J. H. Langkam, Bart. 78* 81 Kelmarsh Hil, Lord Bateman. 83* To Lutterworth, 13 m. 89 91J Wistow Hall, Sir H. Halford, Bart. 944 98 99| 105 109 115 Brad gate Park. Rothley Temple, T. Babington, Esq. Switkland Hall, Earl of Lanesborough. Quorndun House, E. B. Farnham, Esq. Garendon Park, C. M. Phillipps, Esq. To Ashby ue laZomli, 12 miles. j Wbatton Uouad. ' I'' -111 I 111 I III n jii Obser\ CH AP£L~~Sj QrdtalLLi Infantry. Hanrxtcknf ^uL' of Bridgewat j?’ s tRuUarJ Halt i/)NDON TO MANCHESTER THROUGH ST ALBANS, be—Continued. 225 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Thurlston Hall. El vast on Castle, Earl of Harrington To Nottingham, 16 m.; Mansfield 22 m.; Alfreton 15 ) m ; Ches¬ terfield, 23| in. ; Helper, HA m.; Matlock. 17A m.; Wirksworth, 14 m.; Buxton, 31| m. Kedleston, Lord Scars- dale. Bradley Hall. Ashbourne Hall, once a seat of the Boothbys, and where the Pretender spent a night in 1745. A short distance from Ashbourne is the pictu¬ resque village of Tissing- ton, celebrated for the annual custom of “ Well dressing” on lloly Thursday. Tissington Ilnll, Sir vV. Fitzherbert, Bart. Sandy Brook Hall, Sir M. Blakiston. Okeover Park. 1 lam Hall, (J. W. Russell, Esq:), noted for its pic turesque scenery. On the grounds is a grotto in which Con¬ greve wrote the “ Old Bachelor.” To Bakewell, 18 miles. To Buxton, 12 miles. Ball Hay. The Abbey. llighfield House. Horton Hall. Rudyard. 2 m. distant, Swith- ainley Hall. Fodcn Bank. To Buxton, 11 miles; to Chapel-en-le-Fnth, 12A miles. Ilurdsfield House, J. Brocklehurst, Esq., jr. Titlieringtou Hall l b 4 O fi 1 C C R O O 'O fa q G3 cr. river Trent, and enter Derbyshire. Elvaston. 123 60 DERBY, (p. 355.) About ^ mile from Derby, on the banks of the river, is Little Chester, the Derventio of the Romans. 126 46f ASHBOURNE is noted for its cattle fairs. Many of the inhabitants are employed in the cotton manufacture. The church is a good specimen of early English, and has various brasses and tombs to the Boothbys, &c. Pop. 3501. 139} cr. river Dove, and enter Staffordshire. 37 Winkhill Bridge, cr. the riv. Hamps. 148 31 f LEEK, p. 227. 154} 30i Pool End. 155} 27 Rushton Marsh. 159 25f .3S41 cr. river Dane, and enter Cheshire. 160} 18f MACCLESFIELD, p. 227. 1C7} list cr. river Bollin. Butley. o ON LEFT FROM LOND. Donnington Park, Marquis of Hastings. Osmaston Hall, Sir R. E. Wilmot, Bart. To Burton-upon- Trent, 11 \ miles. To Uttoxeter, ISf m. Radbome Hall, £. S. Chandos Pole, Esq. Longford Hall, Hon. E. K W. Coke. At Mayfield, near Ash¬ bourne, is the cottage in which Moore composed Lalla Rookh.” 6 miles distant is the romantic vale of Dove- dale. Mayfield Hall, and 2 m. distant, Calwich Hall, C. Granville, Esq. To Uttoxeter and Doveridge Hall (Lord Water park), 10£ m. Wooton Hall, and beyond, Alton Towers, (Earl of Shrewsbury), a noble seat. Ashenliurst Hall. Westwood House. To Cheadle, 10£ miles. To Burslem, 9£ miles. To Newcastle under- Lyme, 11A miles. Reservoir of the Trent and Mersey Canal. East Cliff Hall. Gawsworth, Earl of Harrington. Park House. To Knutsford, 11m. Birtles, and beyond, Aide, ley Park, Lord Stanley of Alderley. 226 LONDON TO MANCHESTER THROUGH ST ALBANS, &c.— UOHttnve.1. eg I ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 5 C 1 Two miles dist. Styper- son Park. Shrigley Hall. Two miles distant Lyme Park, T. Legh, Esq. Poynton Hall, Lord Vernon. Two m. beyond, Marple Hall.T.B. Isherwood.Esq. To Bamsley, 33 miles ; Huddersfield, 38 miles. Woodbank. 121 111 10A 9| 6 | Hope Green. Poynton. Norburv. Bullock Smithy. STOCKPORT, p. 227. cr. river Mersey, and enter Lancashire. 5] Heaton Norris. 4 Levenshulme. Ardwick Green. MANCHESTER, p 229. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 1734 1744 1754 1764 Adlington Hall, C. R B. Legli, Esq. Two in. distant Mottram St. Andrew, L. Wright, Esq. Two m. dist. Bramal! Hall, W. Davenport, Esq 179] 180? 182 184 186 Trafford Park, Sir II. De Trafford, Bart. Northampton is situated on the north bank of the Nen. It is a place of con¬ siderable antiquity. During the wars of the Roses, a great battle was fought near the town (July 10th 1460,) in which the Lancastrians were defeated by the Kingmaker, Earl of Warwick, and Henry YI. taken prisoner. In the civil wars of Charles L, Northampton was taken by Lord Brooke, and fortified for the Parliament. The principal objects deserving of notice are, All-Saints Church ; St Peter’s, a remarkably fine and curious specimen of enriched Norman architec¬ ture ; St Sepulchre’s, supposed to have been erected hv the Knights-Templars about the beginning of the twelfth century; St. Giles’, adorned with several curious monuments; the Castle Hill meeting-house, which contains a tablet to the memory of Dr Doddridge, who exercised his ministry, and conducted an academy for the education of ministers, in this town for more than twenty veal's; the Baptist meeting-house, in which is a monument to John Ryland; the town- hall ; the county-gaol; the county-hall; sessions-house; new corn-exchange, &c. Of the several religious houses which existed before the Reformation, the Hospitals of St Thomas and St John yet remain. Of the castle, which was near the west bridge, there are only the earth works, and of the town walls there are no traces. The principal branch of trade carried on in Northampton is hoot and shoe-making. Considerable business is done in currying leather, and some stockings and lace are made. It has also several iron foundries; and its horse-fairs are much fre¬ quented. It is connected by railway with all parts of the empire. It returns two members to Parliament. Population 41,000. Six miles distant is Althorp, the seat of Earl Spencer, containing numerous fine pictures, and a very extensive library * of curious and scarce books, chiefly collected at great expense by the second Earl, one of the greatest bibliopoles of his day. * See Dr Dibdin’s description oi tt LONDON TO MANCHESTER THROUGH ST. ALBANS, Ac.— Continued. 227 Lkek is an ancient town, possessing extensive manufactories of silks, twists, buttons, ribands, shawls, Ac. There is iD the churchyard a curious pyramidal cross, the origin of which is involved in obscurity. It is about 10 feet high, and is decorated with imagery and fretwork. Here are the remains of Dieu la Croix Abbey. The scenery surrounding the town is peculiarly romantic. Pop. 10,045. To Congleton, 54 miles. Macclesfield is situated on the edge of a dreary district called Macclesfield Forest. It is now the principal seat in the island of the silk throwing trade, and is connected by railway with all parts of the empire. It is likewise the chief place for the manufacture of silk handkerchiefs, and possesses extensive copper and brass-works. The most important factories are situated on the Bollen. Macclesfield has a church founded in 1278 by Eleanor, Queen of Edward I. but since restored. There are two chapels adjoining this church, one belonging to the Marquis of Cholmondelev, the other to the Legh family of Lyme. An ancestor of the latter family served under Edward III. and his son the Black Prince, during all their wars in France, and the estate of Lyme was given him for re¬ covering a standard at the battle of Cressy. Besides St Michael’s, there are four other churches in the town and suburbs, various meeting-houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, town-h ill, assembly-rooms, a subscription library, containing upwards of 20,000 volumes, a mechanics’ institute, a free grammar-school, with an annual revenue of L.1300, and more than fifty schools of all kinds. When the Factory Commissioners visited Macclesfield, it was found that, of the children in the employment of the manufacturers, 90 per cent could read. Macclesfield returns two members to Parliament. It affords the title of Earl to one of the noble families of Parker. Pop. 35,400. Stockport, situated on the Mersey, is a town of great antiquity, famous for its manufactures of cotton and hats. By means of a canal, this town has water com¬ munication with the rivers Dee, Ribble, Trent, and Severn, and thus with the greater part of the kingdom. It is also a focus of railways. The trade which it carries on is very extensive. It contains three churches, several meeting¬ houses, a Catholic chapel, a theatre, a library and news-room, a free grammar- school, and other charitable institutions. It returns two members to Parliam. ::t Pop. 53,000. Stockport is 176 miles from London by the newest read. 228 xc - LONDON TO MANCHESTER THROUGH BUXl'ON AND STOCKi’ORT 182) Miles. ON BIGHT FROM LOND. Bradley Hall. Ashbourne Hall, for¬ merly a seat of the Boothbys. Sandy-Brook Hall, Sir M. Blakiston, Bart. Tissington Hall, SirW. Fitzherbert, Bart. To Tides well, 7 miles. Bank Hall. 56J 431 42 i 40fl 38 34} 29 h 284 22 J 20 18 * 6 * From Hicks’s Hall to DERBY, p. 223. ASHBOURNE, p. 225. Sandy-Brook. Bentley. New Inn. Newliaven Inn. Hurdlow House. Over Street. BUXTON. White Hall. Whaley Bridge, p. 232. STOCKPORT, p. 227. MANCHESTER, p. 229. = "2 I ON LEFT FROM LOND. 126 1394 1401 141| 1441 1484 153 154 159J 162i 166* 175* 1824 Ham Hall, J. IV. Rus¬ sell, Esq. To Haddon Hall, (Duke of Rutland), 9 m. and be¬ yond Chatswortli, (Duke of Devonshire). To Leek, 12 miles; Con- gleton, 16 miles; Mac¬ clesfield, 10 miles. Lyme Park, T. Legh, Esq. Trafford Park, Sir H De Trafford, Bart. Buxton is situated ou the lower part of a deep valley surrounded by bleak hills and extensive tracks of moorland. The old town stands upon much higher ground than the new, and has the remains of a cross in The market-place. Buxton is celebrated for its waters, which annually attract from 12,000 to 14,000 visitors. They are of the calcareous class of mineral waters, and have long been cele¬ brated for their medicin.,1 virtues. Their temperature is lower than those of Bath, and they are more agreeable for bathing. They are administered inter¬ nally to persons in whom the digestive organs are feeble, and are found very effi¬ cacious in the cure of gout and rheumatism. The Crescent at Buxton is an ex¬ tensive and elegant structure, comprising two hotels, a library, an assembly- room, &c. The stables, which are of very great extent, are built in a circular form, and have a covered ride 160 yards round. This immense pile of building was erected by the 5th Duke of Devonshire at a cost of L.120,000. Near the Crescent is the Old Hall, built in the reign of Elizabeth by the Earl of Shrews¬ bury, in whose custody Mary Queen of Scots was placed. Here are still shown the apartments which the unfortunate Queen occupied in one of her visits to Bux¬ ton. The public baths at Buxton are very numerous, and are fitted up with every attention to the convenience of the visitors. St. Ann’s Well is remarkable, be¬ cause, by means of a double pump, either hot or cold water may be obtained within a few inches of each other. The church at Buxton is an elegant edifice built in 1812 by the late (sixth) Duke of Devonshire. Here are also places of worship for Presbyterians, Independents, and Wesleyan Methodists. The public walks at Buxton are laid out with much taste, and the environs abound with MANCHESTER. 229 natural curiosities and romantic scenery. Half a mile distant is Poole’s Hole, a cavern of considerable dimensions, containing among other curious objects an immense congelation, called the “ Flitch of Bacon,” and a large mass of stalactite called the “ Queen of Scots Pillar,” from having been visited by Mary during her sojourn at Buxton. Two miles from Buxton is the Diamond Hill, where the Buxton diamonds are found, close to which there is a tower built by the Duke of Devonshire. Four miles distant is Chee Tor, a huge ma*s of limestone, which rises above 300 feet perpendicular from the river Wye. There are various other places in the vicinity, which deserve a visit, such as Miller’s Dale, Cresbrook, Monsal Dale, Ashford, Axe Edge, from which on a favourable day the mountains of North Wales may be seen, the Marvel Stone, &c. About five miles from Buxton, on the road to Castleton, is a spring called the “ Ebbing and Flowing Well.” Pop. of Buxton about 2000. Manchester, as its name shows (Man-castra) was a Roman station, and is supposed to have taken its rise in the reign of Titus. Under the Saxons, it be¬ came the abode of a Thane. After the Norman Conquest, William gave the place to William of Poictou. The barony descended to the Gresleys, and the De la Warres, and at length the manorial rights became vested in the family o( Moseley. In the civil wars, Manchester ranged itself on the side of the Parlia¬ ment, and sustained a siege conducted by Lord Strange, afterwards Earl of Der¬ by. Manchester was distinguished fur its manufactures so early as the times of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. At first the woollen was its chief branch of trade; but since the middle of last century, cotton has taken the lead, and Man¬ chester has now become the great centre of that manufacture. Of late, the spin¬ ning and weaving of silk have been introduced, and the printing and dyeing of silk are also extensively carried on in this city. The manufacture of ma¬ chinery has risen to great importance and perfection in Manchester, and it has also manufactures of linen, small-wares, hats, umbrellas, &c. Its commerce is greatly aided by its communications with almost every part of England, by means of railways and canals. The district in which the city stands con¬ tains some of the best coal strata in England; a circumstance to which the place is indebted in no small degree for its prosperity. One of the most interest¬ ing buildings in Manchester is the collegiate church (now the cathedral), a noble Gothic building, containing several chapels and chantries, a richly orna¬ mented choir, a number of monuments, &c. It was built in 1422. The reputed founder was Thomas Lord De la AVarre, but several other persons assisted in building it. Considerable additions were made in the sixteenth century and many alterations and additions are of recent origin. Of the numerous chapels all but one are private property. The chapel of the Derby family is that which possesses the greatest share of historic interest. St Mary’s chapel contains several interesting monuments of the family of the Chetliams; and there is a marble statue if Humphry Chetham, erected by one who in early life was an inmate of Chetham’s Hospital; and the Traft'ord chapel, in addition to the memorials of the ancient family from which it takes its name, 230 MANCHESTER possesses a very handsome monument to the memory of Dauntsey Holme, Esq., a distinguished philanthropist. There is an Independent College in Manchester, and the Wesleyans have a College at Didsburv, four miles from Manchester. There are about 50 churches in Manchester, besides the cathedral; and a church¬ building society has been formed to promote additional church accommodation. The Dissenters have also numerous places of worship, and Manchester has been long distinguished as possessing a greater dissenting population than most other towns in the kingdom. The ecclesiastical g vernment of Manchester was for¬ merly vested in the warden and four fellows of the collegiate church, but it has recently been erected into a bishoprick, and the collegiate church consequents elevated to the rank of a cathedral. The first bishop was consecrated in 1817. The free grammar-school of Manchester was founded in the early part of the fifteenth century by Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, and is very richly endowed, but is far from effecting the good which its splendid resources might produce. Chetham’s Hospital, or the College, was originally founded by the De la Warres, in the reign of Henry VI. After the dissolution, it became the property of the Derby family, and was purchased from the celebrated Countess of Derby, in compliance with the will of Humphry Chetham, an eminent merchant, for the purpose of forming a Blue-coat hospital and library. Tlii- institution provides for the education and support of eighty poor children. The library consists of upwards of 25,000 volumes, and there is an annual provision for its augmentation. The inhabitants of the town are allowed free access to it under certain regulations. The educational institutions in Manchester were long defective both in number and quality, but great exertions have been, and are now making to extend the benefits of instruction to all classes of the community. One of the results of tliis commendable spirit is the Swinton School for poor children; a model of its kind. There are two Mechanics’ Institutions in the town, several Lyceums, an institution called the Athenaeum, a Literary and Philosophical Society, numerous charitable institutions, &c. The other public buildings worthy of notice are, the Exchange, the Infirmary, the Society of Arts or Royal Institution, the Town-Hall, the two Theatres, the new Museum of Natural History, the New Bailey Prison, the Chamber of Commerce, the Free Trade Hal!, Free Library, Owen’s College, Ac &c. A Botanic Garden was formed here in 1830, and there are three Public Parks, the Peel, Phillips’, and Queen's. There are six railways diverging from Manchester, which furnish the city w ith the greatest facilities for extending its trade—viz. the Liverpool and Manchester, the Manchester and Leeds, the Bolton and Bury, the Manchester and Birmingham, the Manchester and Sheffield, and the Manchester and Bowden lines. The immense-mills, workshops, and foun¬ dries, well deserve a visit from the tourist. Manchester returnstliree M.P. Pop. 355,600. The Manchester races are held twice a-year at Lower Broughton. Salford is separated from Manchester by the river Irwell. It is a large and populous town, returning two M P. Here has been erected a monument to Sir ii. Peel. Pep 124,800. M. LONDON TO DERBY. MATLOCK-BATH, BAKEWELL, CHAPEL-EN- 231 LE-FRITH, AND MANCHESTER, 187 Miles. s-s C c C O ON RIGHT FROM I.OND. 2 5 o -a Front Hicks’s Hall to fa c 61 DERBY. 126 573 Kedleston Inn. 129* In the church are several monuments ot the Curzons, Lords Scarsdale. Allestree Hall. W. 54f Weston Underwood 132;} Evans, Esq. Inn. 52| Cress-hands Inn. 134| 50* The Black Swan. 1363 48J Bateman Bridge. 138* 47* Wallbrook Bridge. 1393 \Vie.well Hall. 47 WIRKSWORTH, p. 232, 140 Haddon Hall, (Duke of 43 Matlock. 144 Rutland.) Chatsworth, the nohle seat of the Duke of Devon- 34 i Bake well. 1523 shire. 324 Ashford. 154* 2 miles distant, Hyssop llall, Countess of New- bursdi. To Sheffield, 17 miles -"£>43 cross River Wye. 314 Little Longstone. 1554 21)1 Wardlow. 157f To Castleton, 4£ miles * } mile distant from the ON LEFT FROM LONDs Mark Eaton Hall, P Mundy, Esq. Kedleston, the magnifi- centseat of Lord Scarsdalc. The grounds are about 5 miles in circumference. In the park is a spring nearly allied in its qualities to the waters of Harro¬ gate. The house may he seen every day from 11 o’clock, A.k. till 3 F.M Ilopton Hall. To Ashbourne, 15 miles. Ashford Hall, Hon. G. H. Cavendish. In pas¬ sing from Ashford to Wardlow, a view is ob- tained of Monsal Dale, one of the most delightful scenes in Derbyshire. At Whestone, one mile 4 Castleton.—This town derives its name from a castle, the remains of whieh are situated on a steep rock. It is supposed to have been erected by William Peveril, the natural son of the Conqueror. It has been held at different times by various distinguished individuals; among others, by Simon de Montfort, and John of Gaunt. Owing to its situation, it was almost impregnable. This castle has given its title to Sir Walter Scott’s Peveril of the Peak, and forms the scene of a considerable portion of the events of that, popular novel. The vicinity of Castleton abounds in wild and romantic scenery. For centuries the only acces¬ sible road to Buxton and Chapel-en-le-Frith was hv a deep descent called the Wiunets or Windgates, from the stream of air that always sweeps through the chasm. Dark, rugged, and perpendicular precipices are seen on each side of the road. At one of the sudden turns of the road to the left, a most beautiful view of Castle! on vale opens to the eye. Among ttie curiosi¬ ties in the vicinity are the Peak Cavern or Devil’s Cave, a magnificent and extraordinary work of nature, situated about 100 yards from the village. The mine called the Speedwell Level; the waterfall in the navigation mine which falls 30 yards; Mam-Tor, or the Shivering Mountain, 800 feet above the level of the valley, the summit exhibiting traces of a Roman encampment aDd of two barrows; the ancient lead mines of Odin, at the southern foot of Mam-1 or; Eldon Mole, .1 miles'distant, between 70 and 30 yards in depth ; Brad well cavern, remarkable for the beauty and richness of the stalactites it contains, and the Blue John mine, situated on the side of Tree Clift, opposite Main Tor, the only mine in which this beautiful material is found in masses of suffi¬ cient size for working. Its recesses are supposed to he connected with a series of caverns ex rending over an area of many square miles, and including Eldon Hole, Peak cavern, Speedwell, and Bagshaw's cavern at Bratlwell. The charge for exploring the mine is, for one person, 2s.; for three, 4s. 6d.; for four, 5s. ; and Is. per head for every additional person. The guides make an additional charge if a Bengal light be used. The churchyard of Hathersage, 6 miles front Castleton. is the reputed burial-place of Little John the companion of Robm Hood. The 232 LONDON TO DERBY, MATLOCK - BATH. MANCHESTER. &C.— Continued. >N RIGHT FROM LOND. Marple Hall, T. B. .Tsherwood, Esq. Wood Bank. From Manch. road is Tideswell, a small town, situated in a valley amid bleak naked hills. The church, a fine building erected about the begin¬ ning of the 14th century, contains some curious monuments. The ebbing well, which is supposed to have given a name to the town, has ceased to flow.* 20 CHAPEL-EN-LE-FR1TK, a neat small town, sup¬ ported by the manufacture of cotton. 17 Whaley Bridge. cr. river Govt, and enter Cheshire. 13J Disley. 12 Hoo Lane. 94 Bullock Smithy. 7 STOCKrORT, or by the new road, which avoids the steep and disa¬ greeable passage through the town. cr. river Mersey. | MANCHESTER. | From [London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. from Tideswell, there is an ancient cross of rather ele¬ gant design. 167 Bank Hall. 170 Horridge, T. G. Gis¬ borne, Esq. Taxall Lodge. 173J 175 Lvme Park, T. Legb Esq. 1774 180 Poynton Hall, Lord Vernon. Bramall Hall, W. D. Davenport, Esq. 187 1 Trafford Talk, Sir H. Be Trafford, Bart. Wirksworth is a place of great antiquity, and the capital of the lead-mine district. The church is a handsome Gothic structure of the fourteenth century, and contains some interesting monuments and tombs. The lead-mines afford the chief means of employment, but there are cotton, hosiery, hat, and some other manufactories, in the neighbourhood. The Barmote Courts for determining disputes among the miners, and offences against their ancient laws, are held here twice a-year ; and here is deposited the ancient brass dish used as a standard for measuring the ore. Sir John Gell, the road passes through Hope-Dale, a beautiful vale, in which is a very ancient Milage where a church existed before the Conquest. * 4 miler.from Tideswell is the pleasant village of Eyam, remarkable as the spot where the devotedness of Monpessou and his wife was exhibited during the great plague of 16G6 The dis¬ ease, which was conveyed by a box of cloth, spread with an astonishing rapidity, and carried eff 250 persons out of a population of 330. Mr. Monpesson, who then held the living of Eyam. resisted all solicitations to desert his flock. To prevent as much as possible the efl'eets of con¬ tagion, he closed the church, ami preached to the people in a narrow dell, called Cucklett-dale, it a little distance from the town. For seven months, during which the pestilence continued its ravages, this devoted pastor watched over Eyam. He retained his health, but his wife fell a victim to the fury of the disease, and was buried in the churchyard, where her tombstone yet remains. Miss Seward was born at Eyam, v>i which her father was the rector. At a place on Eyam Moor, known as Wet-withins, is a druidical circle, consisting of sixteen stones, enclosing a space about ninety feet in diameter. Bill'S ' ■ EES Jiltis ./■ H /') JM v -"_ '*Sg2§i' lioflnnrto Coin b.* \ Mbsi Wtssmf/ l M.U*Ci.ESF£E£i XodeJu ^Lonijtu [1 ft OIL Sheii v uerton derLipne Oakamt ALTON TOW I cAttxr. [ttooretei StolM British Mil. MIRI ROTHERHAM To (jain uboy S- flT c/'i-r.i Isti r, 'Mutton Shinn iiuj ton !SH£FFIE\D ' >.Jfjin • l.^ortTi' Fit I W'Oy JSeiphton j Stefa tP\ >Koh,L V\; //. -JlfirTow TinImint Sn rtftpt&n- ;CHjWTSV/ORTH Lsovex* H&qth, \ ^ HARDW^KHd i',rfKV.-mV \ — tiopttfii (•/ft?*! WfT' ^.TLOCK B AT H " j'lJ-fi'.],;, bV^ fTonl^ '•'pints'. j\ JSeljtlon Itkn\u*lcTk jMOKfON HALL Betiuyale.Abb, ‘pktxtMOi WLiltlf [' / if^WTT nottt \\ A”. jI Stopletbnl fSlapdoit l / OER> JJhxrtholon if#, Eilin.’ LONDON TO MANCHESTER, DERRY, M ATLOC K-B AT 11 , &c .-Continued. 233 Parliamentary general, resided at Hopton, in this parish, but the ancient family seat is now pulied down. Pop. of town 2592. Two miles Irom Mlrksworth is Cromford, situated in a deep valley, enclosed on three sides by lofty limestone rocks. This town owes its prosperity to the cotton manufacture. The late Sir Richard Arkwright, the inventor of the spin¬ ning frame, erected here a spacious cotton-mill, now occupied by Messrs R. and P. Arkwright, who employ about 800 persons. To the left, after passing through Scarthin-Nick (a perforated rock), near Cromford, is Willersley Castle, a spacious mansion erected by Sir R. Arkwright, and now possessed by his grandson. The gardens and grounds are open on Mondays and Thursday’s. Two miles from Cromford is the village of Matlock on the Derwent, a favourite summer resort for invalids and tourists. Matlockdale, in which the village stands, extends for two miles north and south, and is bounded on each side by steep rocks, whose naked sides rise to the height of about 300 feet. The Derwent flows through the dale, and its banks are lined with trees, except where the rocks rise almost per¬ pendicularly from the water. 01 these the most striking is the High Tor, which rises to a height of 396 feet. Opposite to it is Masson, a rock of greater elevation than the Tor, but inferior to it as a picturesque object. The mineral springs and beautiful scenery of Matlock have caused a great influx of visitors, for whose ac¬ commodation excellent inns, lodging-houses, and bathing establishments have been erected. The buildings arc grouped in a singular manner up the mountain side. Matlock is not only a place full of interest in itself, but is also the centre of a dis¬ trict every part of which has its attractions. The usual amusement of strangers consists in visiting the caverns and mines, the petrifying wells and the rocka Of the caverns, the Rutland cavern is the largest, and, when lighted up, has a very magnificent appearance. The Cumberland cavern is the most interesting to the geologist. The Devonshire cavern is remarkable for its flat roof and per¬ pendicular sides. The Fluor cavern is the one from which the floor spar is ob¬ tained. The Speedwell mine contains fine stalactites and sparS; and in the Side- mine is a grotto, in which are to be found crystallizations of calcareous spar of unequalled beauty and richness. At the museums, the mineralogieal productions are on sale, formed into vases and ornamental designs, and specimens of spars, fossils, &lc. may be purchased. The walks in the neighbourhood of Matlock are very delightful. The sum¬ mit of Masson commands most attractive view’s over a vast extent of countrv. Two miles from Matlock, on the Wirksworth road, are the crags of Stonehouse, commanding a magnificent prospect. About the same distance is Bonsall, a pic¬ turesque mining village, with an ancient church and a curious old cross. The village of Old Matlock, two miles from Matlock-Bath, is inhabited chiefly by persons employed in the lead-mines and in the cotton manufacture. The“ Ro¬ mantic Rocks” are a very interesting series of masses and fragments, which appear as if just tom asunder, the angles exactly corresponding, so that if the spectator could by any possibility move them back, they would fit with th° greatest nicety. Altogether, at Matlock the tourist, the geologist, and the mi¬ neralogist, may enjoy advantages which few other places can afford. 234 LONDON TO MANCHESTER, DERBY, M ATLOCK-BATH &C-— Continued. Eight miles north-west by west is lladdon Ilall, the seat of the Duke of Rutland, situated on a bold eminence on the east side of the Wye, and affording a complete picture of an ancient baronial residence. No part of the building is of a date later than the sixteenth century. The tower over the gateway on the east side of the upper quadrangle is supposed to have been built in the reign of Edward III. The chapel is of the time of Henry VI.; and the tower at the north-west cor¬ ner, on which are the arms of the Vernons, Ac. is nearly of the same period. The gallery was erected in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. All the principal rooms, except the gallery, were hung with loose arras, a great part of which still remains- The doors were concealed behind the hangings, but there were great iron hooks by which the tapestry could be held back, to avoid the inconvenience of lifting it up every time of passing in and out. The workmanship of these doors is very rude and ill-fashioned. The chaplain’s room is an interesting old place, and contains a number of objects calculated to convey an idea of the mode of living two centuries ago. The park was ploughed up and cultivated about sixty years since ; but in the vicinity of the mansion there is still a sweeping group of luxu¬ riant old trees. The gardens are composed of terraces ranging one above ano¬ ther, each having a sort of stone balustrade. The prospects from the leads and the watch-tower are extremely fine. lladdon was, soon after the Conquest, the property of the Avenells, from whom it came to the Vernons. The last male heir of this family, Sir John Ver¬ non, was commonly called the King of the Peak, on account of his hospitality and magnificent mode of living. He died in the seventh year of Elizabeth, and lladdon passed by marriage with one of his daughters into the possession of the family of Manners, then Earls of Rutland, and was their principal seat till the beginning of the last century, when it was superseded by Belvoir Castle in Leices¬ tershire. In the reign of Queen Anne, the first Duke of Rutland maintained seven score servants in this ancient seat of old English hospitality. The Duke of Rutland has a shooting seat at Stanton Woodhouse, in Darlev Dale, a short distance from lladdon. Twelve miles north by west of Matlock is Chatsworth, the magnificent man¬ sion of the Duke of Devonshire. The public entrance to the domain is near the pretty village of Edensor, where there is an excellent inn for the accommo¬ dation of visitors. Chatsworth was among the domains given bv William the Conqueror to William Peveril, his natural son;* but in the reign of Elizabeth, it was purchased by Sir W. Cavendish, who commenced a mansion house here, which, after his death, was completed by his widow, the famous Countess of Shrewsbury. The present building was nearly completed by the first Duke of Devonshire previous to 1706, but a wing was added by the late (sixth) Duke. It is composed of four nearly equal sides, with an open quadrangulat court within. The middle of the court is occupied by a marble statue of Orion, seated on the back of a dolphin, round which the water of a fountain is con¬ tinually playing. The rooms of this palace are spacious and lofty, some of them hung with tapestry, and adorned with beautiful carvings, executed by Gibbom end Watson. The pictures are not numerous, but there is a valuable eoi- * See Scott’s Peveril of tlie Peak, chap. i. p. 1. f.ONDON TO MANCHESTER, DERBY, MATLOCK-BATH, he.—Continued. 235 lection of books, and many exquisite works of sculpture by Canova, Thorwaldsen, Chantrey, Wyatt, Westmacott, &c. Chatsvvortb gardens are among the most cele¬ brated in the kingdom. The grand conservatory is 300 feet long by 145 feet wide, and comprises an area of about an acre, in the centre of which is a car¬ riage road. Nothing of the kind was ever before planned on so gigantic a style ; but the late Duke of Devonshire was fortunate in the possession, as his servant, of Sir Joseph Paxton, now of Crystal Palace notoriety. To the south and south¬ east of the mansion are some curious water-works, formerly much celebrated. The park is about nine miles in circumference, and is beautifully diversified with hill and dale. The prospect from different parts of it are exceedingly fine. The old House of Chatsworth was for thirteen years the prison of Mary Queen of Scots, —a circumstance which caused her name to be given to a suite of apartments in the building, which are supposed to correspond in situation with those which she in¬ habited. It was here also that Hobbes, the philosopher, passed many of his days. Four miles from Chatsworth is Bakewell, a place of great antiquity, much resorted to by anglers, as the river abounds with trout, grayling, &c. The ma¬ nor of Bakewell originally belonged to William Peveril, natural son of William the Conqueror. It is now the property of the Duke of Rutland. In the town there is a cotton manufactory established by the late Sir R. Arkwright, and in the vicinity are marble works and lead mines. The church, an ancient cruciform structure, exhibits the styles of three different periods of architecture, and con¬ tains several curious monuments of the Vernon and Manners families. In the church-yard is an ancient cross. On Stanton manor, four miles distant, are rocking-stones and a Druidical circle. A delightful excursion may be made from Matlock to Dove Dale,* distant 13 miles. The scenery of this far-famed spot is of the most romantic description. In the vicinity is the town of Ashbourne, the church of which contains numerous monuments, including a beautiful specimen of sculpture by Banks, to the memory of a daughter of a former Sir Brook Boothby. Ashbourne Hall, till lately the mansion of this family, is situated in the vicinity. Here the Pretender spent a night in 1745. At Mayfield, near Ashbourne, is the cottage in which Moore com¬ posed “ Lalla Rookh."’ On the Staffordshire side of the Dove is I lam Hall, the mansion of Jesse Watts Russell, Esq. Ilam church is a venerable ivy-covered edifice, and contains an interesting monument by Chantrey. Pleasing excursions may also be made from Matlock to the Druidical remains at Arbor Low,—the Router Rock,—Robin Hood's Stride,—the masses of rocks hearing the name of Bradley Tor, which are all within a short distance, and are objects of attraction to the antiquarian, the artist, and the lover of remarkable and picturesque scenery. Winfield Manor House, Hardwick House, and Newstead Abbey, formerly the property of Byron, and now that of Colonel Wildman, are frequently visited by parties from Matlock, and will amply repay the notice of the tourist * Set description of the Dove in Walton ami Cotton’s Angler. 236 XCII. BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER, BY RAILWAY,97$ Miles. ON RIGHT FROM BIRM. From Liverp. From I Birmin.l ON LEFT FROM BIRM. 97* From Birmingham to Perry Hall, J Gough, Esq. 93| Perry Bar St. 34 Hampstead Hall. 90j Newton Road St. 6i Sandwell Park, Earl of Dartmouth. Great Bar Hall, Sir F. E. Scott, BarL cr. river Tame. Charlemont. Darlaston is $ m., anil Bilston, 2i miles distant. 2 m. distant is Walsall. Bentley Hall, the house in which King Charles lay concealed after the battle of Worcester. Moseley Court. Hilton Hall. 87| 854 83 Bescot Junction St. Willenball St. WOLVERHAMPTON, p. 237, (126J miles from London.) 94 11! 14 ! To Wrottesley Hall, (Lord Wrotteslev) 5 m. DimstaU Hall,’ H. Hor¬ dern, Esq. Oxley Hall, A. Hordern, Esq. n\ Four Ashes St. 20 1 Bcmcrford HalL Hatherton Hall, Lord Hatherton. Teddesley Hall, Lord Hatherton. 75! 73! Spread Eagle St. Penkridge St. 214 24 2 miles distant, Strettrm Hull, and beyond Westoa Park, Earl of Bradford Tillington House. 68 STAFFORD, p 211. Here the Trent Valley line joins. 29\ 3 J miles distant is Stone,| on the line of the North Staffordshire Railway, which branches off at the Norton Br. station. Swinnerton, T. Fitzlier- bert, Esq., and beyond, Darlaston Hall, S. S. Jer¬ vis, Esq., and Meaford Hall, Viscount St Vincent. Trentliam Park, Duke of Sutherland. Whitmore Hall, E. M ainwaring, Esq. Eutteitou Hall. 62J 58 j 54 | Norton Bridge St. Standon Bridge St. Whitmore, (from j .London, 155f miles.), Newcastle-under-Lyme' is 4J miles distant, and Stoke upon Trent fii milea distant. This station if fixed hete as an accom¬ modation to the pot tern:*. 35 384 43 Scighford Hall, F. Eld, Esq. 2i m. distant is Ecdes- hall, in the church of which Bishop Hals* con¬ cealed Queen Margaret after her escape from Mucklestone. Near it is Eccleshall Castle, iBishop of Lichfield,) founded at a very early period, and re¬ built 1510. (See p. 12.) vvtt^sr* 1 imm ranair mm BIRMINGHAM to LANCASTER LIVERPOOL to MANCHESTER (! mi iitiii. 2L lg!5\ J' y si */ // Ln " • •• - / v' — - -TrJ^vyX — 7 if ^ , ^r\ X V>}T BIRMINGHAM TO LIVERPOOL OR MANCHESTER— Cotitinued. 237 ON EIGHT FROM BIKV. To Newc;istle-under- Lvme, 5} miles; Potte- rie , 7 miles. Betley Hall, C. Toilet, Esq. Crewe Hall, Lord Crewe. Manor Hall. Stanthorne Hall. *2 miles distant is North- wicli, the inhabitants of which are chieflv employ ed in the manufacture of salt, which is obtained from brine springs in the vii'iiuty. Pop. 1368. Winninjjton Hall, Lord Stanley of Alderley. Marbury Hall, J. II. S. Barry, Esq. Wincham Hall. Belmont Hull, J. Leigh, Esq. Arley Hall (R. E. Eger- ton Warburton, Esq.) in the distance. s 5 F ON LEFT FROM BIRM. — 23 51} Madeley St. 45} To Woore, 3£ miles, Audlem, 8 miles distant. Crewe has now become 43} Crewe Junction St. 54 an important centre of (from London 166} m.) railway communication. 41f 39 Coppenhall. Minshull Vernon St. 554 58} lines to Chester, Man¬ chester, Lancaster, and 36} 32 Winsford St. 61 and there are extensive refreshment rooms, with every accommodation for HARTFORD St. 65} passengers. Winsford village is celebrated for its salt- woiks. Vale-Roval (Lord De- 29} Acton St. 68 lamere), erected.on the site of an ancient abbey. 25 Preston Brook St. 72 Aston Park, Sir A. J. Aston, G.C.B. 22} Moore St. 74 Norton Priory, Sir R. Brooke, Bart. 19 WARRINGTON, 78 Bewsay Kail, Lord (and!90£ m.fiom London.) Lil lord. Wolverhampton (122 miles N. W. by W. of London, and 14 miles N. W. of Birmingham) is a place of great antiquity, and the most populous town in Staffordshire. A monastery was erected here about the tenth, and refounded in the sixteenth century, but no remains of it now exist. Of its numerous churches, St. Peter’s (the collegiat&church) is the most remarkable. It is an ancient Gothic edifice, containing many brasses and other monuments, a curious font, and a stone pulpit, more than 800 years old, cut out of one block. In the church-yard is an ancient cross, covered with a profusion of rude sculpture. The chief manu¬ facture of the town consists in locks and keys, japanned goods, and other articles of hardware. TwoM.P. Pop. 68,300. Two miles distant is Tettenhall, the church of which contains a carved font, and a curious painted window. Three miles distant from Stafford is Ingestre Hall, Earl of Shrewsbury; near which are Tixall Hall, Sir T. A. C. Constable, Bart.; Sandon Hall, Earl of Harrowby, and Shugborough, Earl of Lichfield. The latter was the birth-place of the celebrated naval commander and circumnavigator. Lord Anson. The Crewe and Chester Railway commences at Crewe (1G0 miles from Lon¬ don), and leads by Nantwich, 4 miles; Calveley, 7} m.; Beeston, 10} m.; Tat- tenhall, 14 m.; Waverton, 18 m.; to Chester, 21 miles; thence to Birkenhead. 15 miles. Distance from Chester to Holyhead by railway, 85 m., and thence, to Dublin per steamer, GO miles. A steam-boat leaves George’s Pier Head, Liver¬ pool, for Monk’s Ferry, 20 minutes before the train starts from Birkenhead, and returns to Liverpool on the arrival of the trains from Chester. 238 WARRINGTON.—WIN WU K. Warrington is one of the principal stations on the line, being midway between Lirerpool and Manchester. About half a mile from the station is the large and populous town of Warrington, on the north bank of the Mersey in Lancashire. It is one of the oldest towns in Lancashire, and was a Roman station. A bridge was built here over the Mersey by the Earl of Derby, for the purpose of enabling Henry VII. to pay him a visit with greater convenience. The principal manu¬ factures are cottons, shoes, and fustians, and in the vicinity are pin, glass, and iron-works. Vessels of 70 or 80 tons burthen can come up the river to within g short distance of the town. The church is of Saxon origin, and erected before the Conquest, hut the injuries which it received during the civil wars iiave destroyed most of the traces of its antiquity. It contains some curious mo- numents, especially one to the memory of Sir Thomas Boteler and his ladv. There are also chapels of ease, meeting-houses, free schools, &c. During the Civil Wars, Warrington was the scene of several severe conflicts. From the press of this town, the first newspaper ever published in Lancashire was issued, and it was also the first town in the country from which a stage-coach was started. Howard’s work on Prisons was printed at Warrington, as were also the most ol Mrs Barbauld’s poems, the earlier writings of the late Thomas Roscoe, the works of Dr Ferrier, Gibson, and many others. In 1757, an academy was esta¬ blished here, which rapidly rose into celebrity, under the direction of Dr Aikin, Dr Priestley, Dr Taylor, Dr Enfield, and the Rev. Gilbert Wakefield, but the esta¬ blishment was unfortunately broken up in 1783, and from its fragments a col¬ lege was formed at York, which has been recently transferred to Manchester. I; rad ley Hall, in the neighbourhood of Warrington, is supposed to occupy the site of one of the castles of the Havdocks. a powerful family in Lancashire during the time of the Plantagenets. Pop. 32,000. Warrington affords an earldom to the Grey family, Earls of Stamford and Warrington. One M.P. About two miles and a half from Warrington station is Win wick, which (with the exception of Doddington in Cambridgeshire) possesses the richest rectory in the kingdom, the patronage of which has been lodged in the hands of the Stanley family since the reign of Henry VI. According to tradition, this place was the favourite residence of Oswald, King of Northumbria, and near the church is pointed out the spot where he fell fighting against the pagans of Mercia, a.i>. 642. St Oswald’s Well, about half a mile to the north of the church, was originally formed, according to Bede, by the piety of pilgrims who visited the spot. The earth and water are supposed to be possessed of peculiar sanctity., and from it all the neighbouring Roman Catholic chapels are supplied with holy' water. The church, a large irregular structure, of very' remote antiquity, contains a number of interesting monuments and curious brasses. There are no less than thirty- seven endowed charities in the parish. Two miles and a quarter from Winwick is Newton Junction Station, (8-1 miles from Birmingham, 196J from London,) where the Grand Junction Railway terminates, and the journey to Manchester or Liverpool is continued on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. XCI1I. LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY, 31J Miler,. 23S tliis Railway was opened September 15,1830, and cost nearly L.1,000,000 sterling. Tlie principal station is in Lime Street, Liverpool. ON EIGHT FBOM LIVEB. Childwal’. Hall, Mar¬ quis of Salisbury. Roby Hall. Halsnead Hall, R. Wil¬ lis, Esq. Hold Hall, Sir H.Bold Iloghton, Bart. At a distance Bewsay llall, Lord Lilford. Winwick Hall. Trafford Park, Sir Humpherv Ds TrafTord, Hart. I 28 I.ims St Station. Broad Green St. 26J Roby St. 26 Huyton St- 22 | 21| 19| 18 l&f 15| 15^ 15 12 f ioi 8i 7|l 4 Huyton Quarry St. Rainhill St. Lea Green St. ST HELEN’S JUNC¬ TION ST. (90 m. from Birmingham 202£ m. from London ) Collin’s Green. cr. Sankey Viad. Warrington Junction Station. NEWTON STATION. Here the Grand Junction Railway joins. Preston junction St. PARKS1DE ST. (85f miles from Birming¬ ham, and 198J from Lon¬ don.) There is a tablet erected near the spot where Mr Huskissonwas killed on the day of the opening of this railway. The North Union Railway branches oft here to Wigan and Preston. KENYON JUNCTION STATION. Here the Bolton and Leigh Railway joins. Bury Lane St. Flow Moss. The Railway here crosses Chat Moss, which, until the formation of the railroad, was a most dangerous and treacherous bog, in some places 30 feet deep. Astley St. Barton Moss St. Patricroft St. Ecrles St. o o ON LEFT FROM LIVER. P=i ^ Newsliam House. 3* 5* 6 } 9 101 in 131 in in 1G 1GJ Croxteth Park, Earl of Sefton. The Hasles, Sir T. B. Birch, Bart., and beyond Knowsley Park, Earl of Derby. Prescot, noted for its manufacture of watch tools and movements. In the vicinity are nume¬ rous collieries. Pop. 0066. Eccleston Hall. Shirley Hall. St Helen’s. Here are copper and glass works. A coal railroad leads to Runcorn. The manu¬ factory of plate-glass at Ravenhcad is the largest establishment of the kind in the kingdom. Pop. of St Helens 18,396. At a distance bares wood Hall and New llall, i Sir R. T. Gerard, Bart. Haydock Lodge, and Golborne Park, T. Legh. I6sq. At Newton there is an old hall, said to have been formerly the residence of royalty. £ of a milt distant there is an an¬ cient barrow covered with very old oaks. 18} Pennington and Pen¬ nington Hall. 20 } 23 23* 2G£ Worsiey Hall, the noble residence of the 27$ Earl of Ellesmere. 240 LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY— Continue* s 4 C P- ON BIGHT FROM LIVER. P 5 o « £3 ON LEFT FROM LIVER. 3 If Weaste Lane St. Cross Lane St. 284 29! MANCHESTER. 85 m. from Birmingham; 188^ m. from London. 31J XCIV. BIRMINGHAM TO MANCHESTER, BY RAILWAY, DIRECT, 85 Miles. ON EIGHT FROM BIKM. Crewe HaII, Lord Crewe. Brereton Hall, and beyond. Somerford v *rk, Sir C. Shakerley, Bart. Davenport Hall, and Swet- tenham HalL Withington Hall, Astle Park. Alderley Park, Lord Stan¬ ley of Alderley. Mottrum HalL Poynton Park, Lord Ver¬ non. Branch to Macclesueld, 9 miles. c z: From Birmingham on the Grand Junct. Bail. 31 17 13| 12 104 H CREWE St. fp. 247.) SANDBACH ST. HOLMES CHAPEL. CHELFORD ST. Alderley St. Wilmslow St. Handforth St. Cheadle St. STOCKPORT ST. 5J Seaton, Norris St. 41 3" i! i Heaton, Chapel St. Levenshulme St. Longsight St MANCHESTER. 5 E ON LEFT FROM B1RM. 54 58f 62j Peover Hall, Sir H.M. 68 Main waring, Bart. 71f To Altringliam, or Al- 73 trincham, 8 miles, a mar- 744 ket town, which has 76! 7Q3 some manufactories of yarn, worsted, and cot- ton. It is connected 79! with Manchester by a railway 7J miles in 801 82" 83! 85 length. Pop. 662S. This railway commences at a spacious station in London Road, Manchester, which is to be used jointly bv this and the Manchester and Sheffield Railway Company. The railway is conducted through Manchester upon a viaduct, in which occurs an extraordinary skew arch, crossing Fairfield Street at an angle oi only 244 degrees. The span of the bridge is about 128 feet 9 inches. It is considered to be one of the finest specimens of iron-bridge building ever executed. The viaduct, at the Manchester end of the line, contains considerably more than 100 arches. At Stockport is an immense viaduct, which crosses the Mersey at an elevation of 111 feet measured to the top of the parapet. Soon after leaving this viaduct the railway enters a deep cutting, in which occurs a short tunnei 297 yards long, the only one on the line. On the remaining portion of the line are several extensive viaducts. The Bolling viaduct consists of 11 arches, of 49 leet span. The Peover viaduct, crossing the river of that name, consists of 9 or 10 arches of about 40 feet span, and 70 feet high. The Dane viaduct consists ot 23 arches of 63 feet span, and crosses the river Dane at an elevation of about 95 feet from the surface of the water to the top of the parapet This rtihvay was opened throughout the whole line on the 10th of August 1842. XCV LONDON TO LIVERPOOL, BY TRENT X ALLEY LINE OP U41 LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY, 201 Miles. uiv RIGHT PROM LOND.I £ > i r' J Midland Railway, to Leicester and Derby (chap, cxxvii.). CO New bold. Harborough Magna. Newbold Revel, Sir 113| T. G. Skipwitb, Bart. Monks Kirby, 2 m. and beyond, Newnham-Pad- dox, Earl of Denbigh. Withybrook. 1104 O cc •w- From London to RUGBY, (pp. 199-203). T50 cr. riv. Avon, cr. Oxford Canal- Stretton St. Stretton is on the Fosse Way, an ancient line on Roman ;or probably Bri¬ tish) road. Shilton St. Bulkington St. cr. Ashby de la Zouch Canal, and en¬ ter valley of R. Anker, a tributary of the Trent. ;■§ I ON LEFT FROM LOND. 82| 871 Leave main line of N Western Railway. Holbrook Grange. Oxford Canal. Brinklow, and beyond, Combe Abbey, Earl" Cra veu, 3 miles. 901 92f To Coventry, 6 miles. Anstey Hall. Coventry, 6 miles. Bedworth, 2 miles. Arbury Park, C. N. Newdegate Esq., 2 miles. Chilvers Coton. Hinckley, 4 m. (see p. 210 ). Wedding-ton Hall and Bindley Hall. Caldecote Hall. Line of ancient Wat- ling St. Gopsall, Earl Howe, 5 m. To Ashby de la Zouch, 13f miles. Grendon Hall, Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart. 104$ Nuneaton St. Nuneaton is a consider¬ able and well-built mar¬ ket town, 8i miles from Coventry, and 23 m. from Birmingham. The ribbon manufacture is carried on |here, and abundance of leoal is procured in the [neighbourhood. Popula¬ tion, of town, 4645. 99E Atherstone St. (seep. 210 ). Cross Watling Street. ^0 cr. Coventry Canal twice. cr. riv. Anker. Stoekingford, 2 miles Ansley Hall, Sir J. N. L. Chetwode, Bart., 34 miles. Oldbury Hall. 1 m. before Atherstone is Mancetter, the site ol the Roman Manduesse- durn. Mancetter House. Bentley Park. Baxterle.v Hall, 2f m. To Colesiiill, 10 miles. Merevale Park, W. S. Dugdaie, Esq. Coventry Canal parallel. Shuttinsrton. Amingtou Hall, C. H. W. A’Cuurt, Esq. Railway to Derby, ' quis of Saliabui y. XCVI. LONDON TO WARWICK AND LEAMINGTON, BY RAILWAY, 243 97£ Miles. CN EIGHT FROM LOND. s a il r r 5 From London, by North Western Rail- Leave main line to Birmingham, 18£ miles. 91 way, to COVENTRY (p. 203). The railway here turns to the southward. 86$ Kenilworth Castle, 1 mile (see p. 194). 41 Kenilworth St. 93$ Leek Wootton. cr. river Avon. Milverton. Warwick Castle, Earl of Warwick, l£ mile (p. 193). A short distance to the right of the line is Guy’s Cliff, and, near it, Black- low Hill (see p. 194). LEAMINGTON. 97 ON LEFT FHOM LOND. Wliitley Abbey, Vis¬ count Hood, 1 / miles. Baginton Hall, 2 m. Stoneleigh Abbey, Lord Leigh, 2 miles. Stoneleigh Park, Lord Leigh, 14 m. Askow. Town of Leamington, 2 mile (see p. 194). XCVII. LONDON TO SHREWSBURY, THROUGH BIRMINGHAM, BY RAILWAY 1562 Miles. ON EIGHT FEOM LOND. From Shrewsb. From London. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 43| From London to Birmingham (p. 203). 112$ Thence to Leave main line to Li¬ verpool and Manchester. Bilbrook House. 29$ 28$ Wolverhampton St. (p. 236). Stafford Road St. cr. Stafford and Worcester Canal. 126| 1273 In the distance Him- ley Hall, Lord Ward. Dunstall Park. Tettenhall. The Wergs. Chillington Pak, T W. Giffard, Esq., 1* mile. 25 Codsal St. Enter Shropshire. 131$ Wrottesley Park, Lord Wrottesley, 1 mile, and beyond, Patshull Park, Sir R. Pigot, Bart., 1£ m. Donington. Tonge, and Tonge Castle; beyond, Weston I’ark, Earl of Bradford, 2J miles. 22 Albrighton St. 134$ Albrighton Hall. Boningale, 1£ mile. Hatton Hall, R. A. Slaney, Esq 1$ mile. 244 LONDON TO SHREWSBURY— Continued. Si P E C ON RIGHT FROM LOND. £ P 93 u s Cl, O ON LEFT FROM LOND. Aston Hall. 17 *f 3H1FFNAL, (see p. 173) 139 Shifnal Manor, Lord i large market town, for- Stafford. 'merly a great thorough- Colebrook Dale, 6 milts Decker Hill. fare for coach traflie. &> (p. 178). Priors Leigh. pulation of parish, 5923 New Daw ley. Through Oakengates Wombridge. TunneL 13* Oakengates St. 143 Ketley Iron Works Kadley. Oakengates, a small place on the line of Wat- ling St., is the Uracona of the Roman Itineraries. Junction of branch from 101 Wellington St. 146 Colebrook Dale, 4J m. Admaston. (see p. 179). The Y\rekin, 1320 fee* high. Allscot. Admaston Street. Orleton Hall. Walcot St. 150 Wrockwardine. Uppington, 1$ mile. Withington. cr. river Tern and Shrewsbury Canal. 1524 Attingham Park-, Lent 3i Upton Magna St Berwick. Uffingtou, and beyond Sundorne Castle, A. IV. Corbet, Esq. cr. Shrewsbury CanaL Longner Castle. cr. river Severn. Longner Hall. SHREWSBURY 1564 (p. H7). XCVHI. SHREWSBURY TO CHESTER AND BIRKENHEAD, BY RAILWAY, 67J miles. ON BIGHT FBOAI SHEEWS. Green Fields. Preston Gubbals, 1 mile, and beyond, Hardwick Grange, Viscount Hill, and Acton Reynold Hall, Sir V. R. Corliet, Bai t, -*3 .'Z I From Shrewsbury to 53J| Leacon St. H — r- Ph ^ 4s ON LEFT FEOJI SHEEWS. Berwick Hall, Hon. H. W. Powys. Beyoiid river Severn, Ross Hall, and further on. Isle Park. SHREWSBURY TO CHESTER AND BIRKENHEAD— Continued. xi 5 e B $ RIGHT FROM SHREW. u..i: 03 2 o a? ON LEFT FROM SHREW. Middle, 2 miles. 50 Baschurch St. 74 Walford. Weston Lullingfields. -3955 cr. river Perry, a Ruyton, 2$ miles. Boreatton Hall. Bagley. small affluent of the Boreatton Park. Woodhouse, 1J mile. To Ellesmere, 6* miles. 44 J S Severn. Rednall St. ■§955 cr. Llanymvnech 13 Fredoe, T. Kenyon, Es .. 14 mile Tedsmore IfaB, E. B. Owen, Esq., 1 mile. Halston Hall. branch of Ellesmere Aston Hall, W. Lloyd, Esq., If mile. Canal. Cross high road from London to Holyhead. • Whittington Castle, in Whittington St. Oswestry, 2 miles (sec mins. 4)1 38 p. 180). Ellesmere, 53 miies ‘II /fUburn }frerlf cam Sibineze T-cosbif' )3Qrfcotar 'anrGill .Liao' flornliv ^J'ortetOH. 'ft niifhi 1-011 Mil jontfijnv Cffotffrn \crdalr i i > ft/fit \ uhbif/^~f\ Hu . \ S a/Av/tl l < tr/rtf ml. Lcmi'tl ( J '""rtNIUTlX - ..eg* •nt'eif I.it. SnnJ.-fana Al^ 1 ' .K^itbi/ftfi’h, ^ .rtJt*uit£> .IrmtlmuiU 1 „ X ' (attrite" ftitrt/oruif/' /rrk<.obun< •fhicriitr ” y - tr / JP " , XcX " /AM.r/M Morecai r^ritics/ety • < >ti///n _ CARL13 ■f/Z^tfn/ fJiaylar ~ Jf&aofft toft, *T* • JLamanby . fi/msMl - /.rtlncaite. Hurrah irlcArutrau yX Lai tin iftjh •Ira' ,(*,/. th#L '/tOn-icJe vwy(' fvfiirni/itt’ii if JDiornlftf~ -_,X ( j) J// i-k/rthu-. Ia£*V ’ „ --.ir/fyS ... T.itJitunjnoto /-/• Jo, /, / . . x /, / .////• ■ l , , W/ ci • rf r SknUl/iw 7-s / . v > '■<7 - ° ■!>:■,hlfilJ 'fei>y I f istje 1 hiT^\_ Ab.il/ufham' 1 J’irkln/ Irolctb i . >r/to/f/ifl*^ freledu frrer Rai% (itatm Out ton lOWHl* .liutatio* aito<-\ •tfjnnv't Bu!m^m*r«*\\T^X ~7 'tfitton/iii’/'o N «, 'O' liimio^lViVyC ^ ^ Z?/y// ■/. • ( innbcr-' &ntht^,t^ L As&tm, iillotJi •!articl'd, bit . c. LONDON TO LANCASTER AND CARLISLE, BY RAILWAY. S00* Miles. 251 ON RIGHT FROM LOND. To Manchester, 16J m. Heley Hall, Lord Eings- down. Lnce Hail. * Haigh Hall, rendered classic by Sir Walter Scott, the ancient seat of the Bradshaigh family, has descended by mar¬ riage to tli e Earl of Craw- furd and Balcarres. It contains a tine collection of pictures. Adlington Hall, R. C. B. Clayton, Esq. Duxbury Hall, W. S. Standish, Esq. Gillibrand Hall. Astley Hall, Sir H B. Hoghton, Bart. Cnerdon Hall, R. Townley Parker, Esq. Barton Lodge. Claughton Hall, T. F. uBrockholcs, Esq. ON LEFT FROM LOND. 16S 112J 1111 From London, by N. Western Railway (Trent valley line), to STAFFORD (p. 242). Thence, by Warring¬ ton, to Newton Bridge St. on Liverpool and Man¬ chester line (p. 238). Thence, by North Union Railway, to Golborne St. 132£ 1881 189 Junction of lines from Birmingham, 29| m., and Shrewsbury, 29 miles. To Liverpool, 14£ m. Golborne Hall, and Haydock Hall, T. Legh Esq. New Hall, Sir R. T. Gerard, Bart. 105J 102 99^ 96J 94J WIGAN St. (see p. 253). Standish St. Coppull St. EUXTON. Leyland St. 1951 Winstanley Hall, Bankes, Esq. M. Standish Hall, C. Standish, Esq. 7 m. distant is Lathom House (Lord Skelmers- dale), occupying the site of the ancient bouse, 19SJ w hich, under the com- 7 mand of the heroic Coun- tess 0 f Derby, success¬ fully resisted the Parlia¬ mentary forces during a siege of 3 months. 2041 Euxton Hall, W. J. Andcrton, Esq. Shaw Hall, containing a museum of natural history, and some curi- 2061 oua frescoes brought 1 from Herculaneum. 92* 901 85 J 82f Farrington Gate. PRESTON (see p. 254). Broughton St. Brock St. 208 2101 215 2172 I I Penworthnm Priory, 1j. Rawstoue, Esq. Branch to Fleetwood, 20 miles. Trenchwood. Asliton Lodge, J. Pcd- dcr, Esq. Newsham Hail. Myerscough Hall. Myerscough House. Kirkland Hall. See Introduction to Scott’s “ Betrothed,” pp. 8-10. 252 LONDON TO LANCASTER AND CARLISLE— Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LGND. 1 From | Carlisle. y & o « £ § ON LEFT FROM LOND. Barnacre. Lower Wyersdale. Cleveley. CO o *|M Garstang, seated on the left bank of the Wyer, which abounds with trout, gudgeon, &c. The church of the parish once belonged to the Abbey of Cockersand. In the vicinity are several cotton factories, and the ruins of Greenhalgh Castle, which the Earl of Derby garri¬ soned for Charles I. in 1643. It was subsequently dismantled by the Parlia¬ ment. Pop. of parish 7221. 2193 Quernmoor, 2 miles. 77J Scorton St. 223 -5^43 cr. river Wyer To Homby, 9 miles. To Ingleton, 18£ miles. 2* miles distant, Quemmore Park, and Halton. 75 73J 69 Bay Horse St. Galgate St. LANCASTER, (See p. 254.) Thence, by Lancaster and Carlisle Railway, cr. river Lune, by viaduct of 9 arches—3 of wood and 6 of stone. 2254 226f 2314 Fcrton Lodge. Cockerham Hall. Ellel-Grange. Thumham HalL Ellel-HaU. ' Ashton Hall, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. Stodday Lodge. 66 Hest Bank St. 2344 65 Bolton-le-Sands St. 235£ Borwick Hall. 3 Carnforth St. 237 Yealand Village and Leighton Hall. 581 Burton and Holme St. 242* Beetham Village. i Benson Knott, 1098 feet above the level of the sea. 55* 50 41* Milnthorpe St. cr. Lancaster and Kendal Canal. Kendal Junction, cr. river. Mint by viaduct of 6 arches, each 50 feet span. Low Gill St. 245 250* 259 Levens HalL a man¬ sion rich in oak carvings. The gardens al 60 are much admired. Sizergh Hall, (W. Strickland, Esq.), the ancient seat of the Stricklands. One apart¬ ment in it called the “Queen’s Room,” is said to have been occupied by Catharine Parr. Here the Kendal and Windermere Railway branches off; Kendal is 2 miles distant, Winder- mere, 10*. LONDON TO LANCASTER AND CARLISLE— Continued. 253 'on right from lond.! I 3 miles distant, the vil¬ lage and township ol' Rea- giU. Brougham Hall, Lord Brougham, surrounded by fine woods; and Brougham Castle, supposed to occu¬ py the site of a Roman station. 2 miles from Penrith, Edenhall, Sir G. Mus- grare,Bart. 6 miles north-east of Penrith stands a Dmidical circle 350 yards in circum¬ ference, formed of 67 stones, some of them 10 feet high, known by the uame of Long Meg and her daughters. Long Meg —an unhewn block of red freestone, 15 feet in cir¬ cumference and 18 in height—stands a little apart from the circle. Newbiggen Hall. "Railway to Newcastle, and 4 miles distant Corby Castle, P. H. Howard, Esq. II 37 291 22 Tebay and Orton St. Alternate embank¬ ments, and cuttings in solid granite over shap Fells. The depth of cutting ranges between 5(J and 60 reet, and width at base 30 feet. Sbap St. Clifton Moor St. scene of a skirmish be¬ tween the Royal troops under William, Duke of Cumberland, and those of the Pretender, in 1745. 19J river Eamont by viaduct of 5 arches 50 feet in span, and 70 in height, 17J Penrith St. Penrith, an ancient market town. Its church has been rebuilt, but the walls of the old castle re¬ main. The town had a population in 11 6668 . Plumpton St Southwaite St. Brisco St CARLISLE. From London. ON LEFT PROW LON n. 2634 2704 Shap Wells, a saline spa, a few hundred yards uom the line after emerg¬ ing from the cutting. One mile distant are the remains of Shap Abbey, which at the time of tlie dissolution belonged to the ancestors of Hogarth the painter. 2781 Lowther Castle, the scat of the Earl of Lousdale, a splendid modern struc -1 ture, standing in a paikof £00 acres. 2801 2831 4 miles north-west of .Penrith, Greystoke Castle, II. Howard, Esq. 2871 2931 Hutton Hall, Sir H. R. I'. Vane, Bart. Wreay Village. 2971 Upper by Village and ch. 3001 Railway to Maryport. Wigan is an ancient town, situated near the little river Douglas, on the banka of which the Saxons were defeated by King Arthur. It is noted for its manu¬ facture of cotton goods, and its large brass and pewter works. The vicinity also abounds with cannel coal. Wigan has two churches, of which All-Saints is old, and contains tombs of the Bradshaigh family, ancestors of the Earl of Crawford 254 PRESTON.—LANCASTER. and Balearres. It has also a town-hall, several dissenting chapels and meeting houses, free blue coat and national schools, and various literary and charitable institutions. There is a monumental pillar here in honour of Sir T. Tyldesley, who was killed at the battle of Wigan Lane, in 1651, when the Royalists under the Earl of Derby were routed by Colonel Lilburne. Wigan was visited by the Pretender in 1745. In the vicinity is a sulphurous spring, with a neat building for the accommodation of visitors. Two M.P. Pop. 39,000. Preston is a town of great antiquity, on the north bank of the Ribhle. There were formerly two monastic institutions in Preston, one called the Hospital of St Mary Magdalene, the other a monastery of Greyfriars The last was occupied as a prison until about fifty years ago, and traces of it yet remain. During the civil wars Preston was first occupied by the Royal party, but was quickly taken by the Parliamentary forces, and the mayor killed in the assault. It was afterwards retaken by the Earl of Derby, who demolished the defences. At Ribbleton Moor, near Preston, the Duke of Hamilton was defeated, in 1648, by Cromwell; and, in 1715, the friends of the Pretender were routed by Generals Willes and Carpenter at the same spot. Preston contains five churches and one chapel, belonging to the Established Church, and numerous chapels belonging to dis¬ senting bodies. It has also a guild-hall, a town-hall, a corn exchange, a cloth and a market-hall, assembly rooms, a theatre, &c. What are called the “ Guilds” of Preston are held every twenty years, when the trades meet with banners and music, form a procession, and hold a jubilee at considerable cost to the town. Preston is well provided with schools of all descriptions. About 10,000 Sunday scholars are gratuitously educated. Preston is a port—vessels of 150 tons ascend¬ ing nearly to the town, and the customs duties amounted in 1850 to L.76,295:8:6. Sir Richard Arkwright was born at Preston in 1732 ; and here, in 1768, he com¬ menced, in connection with a mechanic named John Kay, some of his improve¬ ments in the cotton-spinning mechanism. The chief manufacture is cotton, but there is also a good deal of flax-spinning executed here. Two M.P. Pop. of borough, 85,400. The N. Western Railway connects Preston with all parts of the empire, and a line 20 miles in length, connects it with the mouth of the Wyre, where is situated the new watering-place of Fleetwood, with an excellent hotel, erected by Sir P H. Fleetwood, Bart. As a bathing-place it possesses very superior attractions. Pop. about 3000. From Preston a canal leads to Kendal, through Lancaster. Lancaster is situated on the Lune, at some distance from its entrance into the sea. The principal object is the castle, a strong fortress, erected in the reign of Edward III. by John of Gaunt. It stands upon the summit of a hill, and forms a very striking feature in the general view of the town. It is now converted into the county gaol. The county courts now attached to this venerable building * Some interesting traditions regarding Wigan are recorded by Mr Roby in his “ Traditions of Lancashire.” A small volume on similar subjects by a young author of great promise has also been recently published at Wigan. See also Introduction to Scott’s “ Betrothed,” pp 8 10- CARLISLE. 255 are chiefly of a modern date, and are extremely commodious. On the north ol the castle stands St Marys, the old church, which is later English, and contains carved stalls, screen, and monuments. A town-hall, lunatic asylum, theatre, assembly rooms, several alms-houses and an excellent grammar-school are among the other public buildings of the town. Lancaster has a considerable trade, the river being navigable (though with difficulty) for vessels of between 200 and 300 tons. Cotton and hardware manufactures constitute the principal exports. A large trade in coal and limestone is carried on by means of the canal, which is carried over the Lune by an aqueduct erected in 1797, at an expense of L.48,000. Lancaster affords the title of Duke to the Prince of Wales. Pop. 17,000. Carlisle is an ancient city, pleasantly situated on an eminence nearly en¬ closed by three streams, the Eden, the Caldew, and the Peteril. It is supposed to be of British origin, and there is reason to conclude that it was a Roman station. It appears to have been first fortified about the time of Agricola; the erection of its castle is attributed to William Rufus. Carlisle was taken by David, King of Scots, and afterwards besieged unsuccessfully by Robert Bruce in 1312. It suf¬ fered severely during the civil wars, having declared for Charles I. In 1745, it surrendered to Prince Charles Stuart, and on being retaken by the Duke of Cum¬ berland, was the scene of many cruel severities upon the conquered. After the junction of the kingdoms it sank into decay, but has made great progress since the commencement of the present century. The principal business of the town consists in its manufactures of cotton goods and ginghams, and in a coasting trade. There is a canal from Carlisle to the Solway, and some traffic arises also from its lying on the North Western line of Railway from Loudon to Edinburgh, Glasgow, &c. Before the Reformation, there were several ecclesiastical establish¬ ments in the city. It was erected into a see by Henry I. in 1133. Dr Paley was Arch-Deacon of Carlisle, and is buried in the cathedral, where a monument has been recently erected to his memory. The cathedral is an ancient building of red freestone, some parts of which are assigned to the Saxon times. It has however suffered much from neglect and the lapse of time, and contains a few monuments of interest. There are numerous other churches in Carlisle, several meeting¬ houses, a Roman Catholic chapel, a Mechanics’ Institute, a theatre, a grammar- school founded by Henry VIII. and forty-seven other schools of various kinds. The court-houses were built at an expense of L.100,000. A considerable portion of the old castle still remains, comprising the keep, a lofty and massive tower, in which is a very deep well. The whole has been restored and is a striking feature of the town. Towards the north were the apartments in which Mary Queen of Scots was confined on her flight to England, after the battle of Langside. Car¬ lisle gives the title of Earl to a branch of the Howard family. Two M.P. Pop. 31,000. Excellent Hotels at the railway station, Carlisle. 256 Cl. CARLISLE TO GLASGOW (105 Miles) AND EDINBURGH (101 Miles) BY CALEDONIAN RAILWAY. £ i r —* ON EIGHT FROM CARL. S- VI c C iS ON LEFT FROM CARL. r JH o Railway to Newcastle. 105 101 From Carlisle. cr. river Eden to Rockcliffe St. Railway to Mary- port and Whitehaven • 101 97 4 Mouth of river Eden, and Solway cr. river Esk. Firth. 96} 92} Gretna Junction. iSJfe cr. small river oc Sark, and enter Scotland. The line is continued tlirough the valleys of the Annan and Clyde, by 85 81 Ecclefeclian. 20 Hoddam, Admiral 79 75 Lockerbie. 26 Sharpe. 65 } 61} Beattock. 39} 47 43 Abington, 58 and 38} 341 Symington, 66} to 31} 27} Carstairs Junction, 73} Carstairs House. where it divides, the left 11. Monteitli, Esq. baud branch passing through Clydesdale to GLASGOW, 105 and the right hand branch, by Midcalder, to EDINBURGH. 101 _1 CII. CARLISLE TO DUMFRIES. BY RAILWAY, 32} Miles. ON RIGHT FROM CARL. a 4 ? — 1 From | Carlisle. ON LEFT FROM CARL. In the distance, Ne- therby, Right Hon. Sir Jas. Graham, Bart. 24 From Carlisle, by Caledonian Railway, to Gretna Junction. Thence, along north side of Solway Firth, by Annan, to DUMFRIES. CO 15 17} 32} Kelhead. CHI. LONDON TO MACCLESFIELD, BY NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE 257 RAILWAY, 165} Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 11 £ rt 38} From London to Colwich St. on Trent valley line of North Western Railway, (p. 242.) 127 Chartley Hall, Earl 34 Ferrers, 2 mile 3 . Sandon Hall, Earl of Harrowby. 341 Along valley of river Trent to Weston St. Sandon St. 131} 134 Milwich, 2} miles. 27 Hilclerstone, 3 miles, and Hilderstone Hall. Near Stone is Stone Hall, Earl Granville. Stone Junction St. 133} Stone is a small market town, 6 miles north of Stafford, on the banks of the Trent, and near the Grand Trunk Canal. A considerable manufacture of shoes is carried on here. Pop. 4309. Barlaston Hall, R. 24} Adderley, Esq. Lane End, 2 miles. 23 Continue along Grand Trunk Canal to Barlaston St. Trentkam St. 141 142} Long-ton Hall. Fenton Hall. Enter the district of “ the Potteries ” (see p. 221 .) Branch by Lane End to Uttoxeter, and thence to Birmingham and Derby Railway, which it joins at Burton and Willington. Etruria Hall. 20 Stoke St. (see p. 221.) 115} 18f 755^ cr. Grand Trunk Canal. Etruria St. 146f Tunstall. Clough Hall. in Burslem St. 147| I ( I I 53J' Harecastle Junction St. 151J ON LEFT FROM LOND. Leave Trent valley line to Stafford. Great Haywood. Shugborough Park, Earl of Lichfield. Tixall Park, Sir T. A. C. Constable, Bart. Ingestre Hall and Park, Earl of Shrewsbury. Weston Hall. Grand Trunk Canal, and river Trent. Stafford, by road, 5 m. Branch to main line of North Western Rail¬ way, which it joins at Norton Bridge. Darlaston Hall, S. S. Jervis, Esq. Meaford Hall, Vis¬ count St Vincent. 2 miles distant, Swin- nerton Park, T. Fitz- herbert, Esq. Trentham Park, Duke of Sutherland. Stoke Lodge. Newcastle-under- I.yne, 2 miles; beyond, Iieele Hall. Wolstanton. Chesterton, supposed to be the site of a Roman station, perhaps the Me¬ diolanum of the seventh Itinerary. Talk-on-the Hill. Branch railway to Crewe 8 } miles. ) Church Lawton, and | Lawton Hall. 258 LONDON TO MACCLESFIELD— Continued. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. Mow Cop, or Mole Cop, Hill, on the borders of Cheshire and Stafford¬ shire, 1091 feet high. Congleton Edge. Bosley. Chnrnet Valley line to Leek and Ut'toxeter branches off here. Sutton St James. c ~ c g Hi 4 | cr. Macclesfield Canal, and enter Cheshire. Mow Cop St. Congleton St. cr; Macclesfield Canal. North Rode St. MACCLESFIELD (see p. 227). 1541 157J 160J 1G5$ ON LEIX FROM LOND. Lode Hall, R. Wilbrii' ham, Esq. Macclesfield Canal. Lamsdill Hall. Astbury. Congleton, f mile (see P- 219), and beyond, Somerford Park, Sir C. P. Sliakerley, Bart. Buglawton Hall. North Lode Hall. (lawsworth, Earl of Harrington. From Macclesfield a branch railway extends to Cheadle Station on the Manchester and Birmingham branch of the London and North Western line. CIV. MANCHESTER TO BOLTON AND PRESTON, BY RAILWAY, 31 Miles. ON EIGHT FEOM MAN. Salford (see p. 230). River Irwell; and be¬ yond, Kersall Hill, Irwell House, and Heaton Park, Earl of Wilton. Branch to Bury and Haslingden. Clilton Hou-e, and be¬ yond, Stand Hall. Kearsley Hall. Dailey Hall. Darcy Lever, 1 m., and Bradsliawe Hall, T. Bradshawe Isherwood, Esq., representative of President Bradshawe, temp. Chas. I. Smithills Hall, P. Ains¬ worth, Esq., 2 m. Halliwell Lodge; be yond, Moss Bank. Lostock Park. 291 26$ 24 22 $ 205 From Salford Station, Manchester, to Oldfield Road St., and Pendleton St. Clifton Junction. Dixon Fold. Stone Clough St. Halshaw Moor. Moses Gate St. BOLTON (see p. 259). ON LEFT FEOM MAN. Trafford Park, SirH. De Trafford, Bait. Peudlebury. Clifton Hall, and be¬ yond, Worsley Hall, Earl of Ellesmere. Kearsley Moor. Farnworth and Kears ley. Great Lever. Bolton Moor. Deane. Hulton Park, W. Hul ton, Esq., 2 m. Aspul) MANCHESTER TO BOLTON AND PRESTON— Continued. 2. r ){l ON EIGHT FROM MANC. B-S o c ON LEFT FROM MANC. Horwich. lGi 14* Anderton Hall; be¬ yond, Rivington Pike, and Rivington Hall, l£ in. 121 Lostock Lane St. Red Moss. Horwich and Black- rod St. cr. river Douglas. Adlington St. .dS® cr. Leeds and Liverpool Canal. 14 * 1C| Haigli Hal!, Earl of Craufurd and Balcanes, 2j miles. (See p. 251., Aldington Hall, R. C B. Clayton, Esq., 1$ m. 18f Ellerbeck Hall. Duxbury Park, W. S. Standisli, Esq. Gillibranil Hall. GA m. from Chorley, on the road to Blackburne, is Hoghton Tower, for¬ merly a splendid mansion, and, for several genera¬ tions, the principal seat of Sir H. B. Hogliton’s family, but now in a ruinous condition. The eminence on which it stands commands an ex¬ tensive view of the sur¬ rounding country. Shaw Hall. Cuerdon Hall, R. T. Parker, Esq. CHORLEY, see p. 260. 22 Astley Had, Sir H Bold Hoghton, Bart. Euxton St. where the line joins the North Union Railway to PRESTON (see p. 254.) 25 31 Euxton Hall. Bolton, or Bolton-le-Moors, is said to be of Saxon origin. The principal trade is the cotton manufacture and its subsidiary branches, as bleaching, calico- printing, machine-making, &c. There are above thirty coal-mines in the parish. Blackrod contains a sulphur spring. The country, for six miles round Bolton, has undergone very considerable improvement within the last few years; villages have sprung up where there was not a dwelling, and hamlets have become the seat of a dense population. Within six years, five new churches have been erected in the neighbourhood of Bolton, and besides these two or three others are projected. Bolton has a town-hall, a theatre, and assembly-rooms, numerous churches and meeting-houses, a free grammar-school, &c. Between Bolton and Wigan are found large quantities of cannel-coal, which is often manufactured into snuff-boxes, candlesticks, &c. Bolton suffered severely in the civil wars, especially during the great siege, when Prince Rupert and the Earl of Derby stormed the town, and dislodged the Republican troops. In consequence of this achievement, the latter was beheaded in Bolton after the battle of Worcester Bolton returns two M.P. Population 83,000. The Manchester, Bolton, and 260 BOLTON—CHORLEJf Bury Canal was begun in 1791, and completed soon after. About one and a half mile N.E. of Bolton, President John Bradshawe, one of the regicides, had a seat at Bradshawe Chapel. At a place called Hall-in-the-Wood, one mile from Bolton, Samuel Crompton invented the machine called the “Mule.” A railway leads from Bolton to Leigh, and thence to the Liverpool and Manchester Kaii- wav, joining it at Kenyon. Leigh is seven miles from Bolton. It enjoys a con¬ siderable share of the cotton, and a portion of the silk trade. In the church there is a private chapel of the Tyldesley family, which contains the remains of Sir Thomas Tyldesley, the distinguished royalist, who fell at the battle of Wigan- lane. Pop. 10,621. The first mile of the railway between Bolton and Preston, from its junction with the Manchester and Bolton Kailwav, is considered a fine specimen of engi¬ neering skill. It runs through the south-west side of the town in a curve, and crosses nine streets under as many bridges. The construction of the roofs of the bridges is much admired. They consist of cast-iron beams and present a flat surface to the eye of the spectator underneath. Chorley is situated on the banks of the Chor, whence it takes its name. A family of the same name held the manor of Chorley from a very early period. The staple manufactures are cotton fabrics, muslins, jaconets, and fancy articles. There are five coal-mines in the neighbourhood, and a lead-mine at Anglezarke. The old church is an ancient building. There is a grammar-school, and several churches, meeting-houses, and charitable institutions. Pop. 15,013. CV. LIVERPOOL TO PRESTON, THROUGH ORMSKIRK, BY RAILWAY, 261 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LIVER. £§ O £ C 3 ON LEFT FROM LTVER. ^ £ From terminus in Great Howard Street, Everton. Liverpool, to Kirkdale. Bootle Lane St. River Mersey. cr. Leeds and Branch line to South- Walton. Walton Hall, and be¬ yond, Croxteth Park, fciarl of Sefton. Knowsley, Earl of Derby. Branch line to Wigan and Bolton. Liverpool Canal. port, 1G miles, a small watering place situated on the south side cf the entrance to the estuary of the Ribble, which has been of late years much 25 Walton Junction St. li resorted to during the summer. Broad and level sands extend along the whole coast between this place and Liverpool. Fazakerley 4$i3 cr. Leeds and Liverpool Canal. Bobile. Orreil. Stand Park. LIVERPOOL TO PRESTON— Continued. 261 _ d = c e £- ON EIGHT FROM LIVER. o 1c Cl, £ ^ ON LEFT FROM LIVER. 21J Aintree St. ^43 cr. river Alt, and Leeds and Liverpool Canal. n Netherton. Crosby Hall, W. Blun¬ dell, Esq. Ince Blundell Hall, T Moor Hall. 20 Maghull St. Town Green St. 6} Weld Blundell, Esq. Lydiate and Auglitou. To Wigan, 11 miles. Lathom House, Lord Skelraersdale, 1} mile (see p. 251). St. John’s. 15} 13 ORMSKIRK, a market town, 12 miles north of Liverpool, has two large annual cattle- fairs. The church contains the burial place of the Earls of Derby. Pop. 6426. Burscough St. Vfjg cr. Leeds and Liverpool Canal, cr. Douglas Navigation. ii 13} To Southport, m. Scarisbrick 11 all, C. Searisbrick, Esq., 3 m. 9}. Rufford St. 5^ cr. river Douglas. 17 Rufford Hall, Sir T.G, llesketh, Bart. Chorlev, 7 miles. Eccleston, 2 miles. Leyland. Farrington. Walton-le-dale. 7j Croston St. Farrington Moss. Charnock Moss. 6 miles beyond Cros¬ ton, join North Union Railway and proceed liv it to PRESTON (p. 254). 19 26} Bank Hall. Bretherton. Longton. Hutton Hall, 2 miles. Howick Hall, 2 miles. Penwortham Lodge. Penwortham Hall, L Rawstone, Esq. CVI. CARLISLE TO WHITEHAVEN, BY RAILWAY, 40 Miles. ON RIGHT FROM CARL. A monumental pillar at Burgh Marsh, near Dalston, commemorates the death of Edward I. there in 1307. Thursby, $ mile. Crofton Hall, Sir W. Brisco, Bart. Micklcthuaite. 36} 32J From Carlisle, cr. river Caldew. Dalston St. cr. river Warn pool. Curthwaite St. Along valley of river Wampool. Cross coach road from Carlisle to IV lute- haven. ON LEFT FROM CAIIL. Ralston, f mile. Hose Castle, Bishop of Carlisle, 1 mile. CARLISLE TO WHITEHAVEN— Continued. 2(32 ON RIGUT FROM CARL. Wavertou. WIGTON St. Wigton is a small mar¬ ket town, in wbicli some manufacture of cotton is carried on. About a mile distant, at Old Carlisle, are the remains of a Roman station. Pop. 4011. Cross coach road. 115 Bromfield, mile. Langrigg. Aspatria. Allonby, 2 miles dis¬ tant, situated on the coast, is much resorted to for bathing during the summer season. It com¬ mands an extensive view of the Solway Firth, with the opposite shores of Scotland. Cross Canonby. Netherhall, J. P. Sen- house, Esq. River Ellen. Shortly after leaving Marvport, the railway approaches the sea, and continues close along the shore, with the sea on the right, nearly the whole way to Whitehaven. Workington, situated on the south bank of the Derwent, near its mouth, has a good harbour, and carries on a considerable trade in coals and iron, the produce of the mines in its neighbourhood. There is also an extensive salmon fishery. Pop. 1851, 5837. On the east side of the town is Work¬ ington Hall, H. Curwen, Esq., beautifully situated od an elevation near the m Leegate St. 21 * Brayton St. 19f Aspatria St. Along valley of the river Ellen, which the line crosses se¬ veral times. 15 J 18* 20J 181 10i Arkleby St. 21* Cross road from Allon¬ by to Cockermouth. Bulgill St. 23J 14i Dearham St. cr. river Ellen. 25* 12 MARYPORT, a small seaport town, at the mouth of the river Kllen. It carries on con¬ siderable trade in the ex¬ port of coals to Ireland, and has increased in size of late years. Pop. 6037. 28 10 Flimby St. 30 4* H WORKINGTON St. cr. river Derwent near its mouth. Near Workington the line recedes inland, but again approaches the shore 1 mile before reaching Harrington St. cr. Lowca Beck. Parton St. 33 138 $ ON LEFT FROM CARL. Ilesket Newmarket, 10 miles distant, a small but neatly built market town, on the banks of the river Caldew. Pop. of parish, 1983. Brayton Hall. Allhallows, 3 miles Plumbland. Gilcrux. To Cockermouth, 7 m (see p. 330). Tallentire Hall, W. Browne, Esq., 3| m. River Ellen. Dearham, 1 mile. Ellenborough, a Ro¬ man station, gives title of Earl to the Law family. Cockermouth, G miles. Flimby is a small place, much frequented for bathing during the sum¬ mer season. Railway to Cocker¬ mouth, 8$ miles,running throughout along the val¬ ley of the river Derwent, which it crosses several times. Distington, 2 miles; near it, Lilly llall and Hays Castle. Moresby, near which is j the site of a Roman sta- ( CARLISLE TO WHITEHAVEN— Continued. 263 ON RIGHT FROM CARL. O ON LEFT FROM CARL banks of the Derwent. It is a large quadrangular structure, of considerable antiquity. Mary Queen of Scots took refuge here on landing in England, after the battle of Lang- side ; and the apartment which she occupied is still distinguished as the Queen’s Chamber. 1J Along the foot of the 38J cliffs of new red sand- I stone which here line the coast, to WHITEHAVEN (p. 289). 40 tion, probably the Arbeju of the Notitia. Whitehaven Castle, Earl of Lonsdale. CVII. LONDON TO WHITEHAVEN, BY PRESTON, FLEETWOOD, AND RAVENGLASS, 293$ Miles. ON RIGHT FROM LOND. 83J From London, bv North Western ltail- way, to PRESTON (p. 251). Leave railway to Lan¬ caster and Carlisle. Thence, by Preston and Wyre Railway, to ON LEFT FROM LOND. 2l0i River Ribble; and, on opposite bank, Penwor- tham Lodge, and Pen- wortham Hall. Ashton, and Talketh Hall. Lancaster Canal. Cottam. Salwick. Treales. Greenlialgh. Singleton, and near it, Bankfield. Poulton is called Poul- ton-le-Fylde, to distin¬ guish it from another place of the same name, known as Poulton-lc- Sand, also in Lancashire, and situated further to the north, on the shore of Morecambe Bay. Thornton. Mouth of river Wyre. 80i Lea Road §t. 77$ Salwick St. 75$ Kirkham, a market town, 19 miles south by west of Lancaster, is a small but improving place. It has some manu¬ facture of cotton; sail cloth and cordage are also made, as well as coarse linens. Pop. 3380. 213i 216 218 Clifton. Newton. Ribby Hall. Branch to Lytham, 4 miles, a small watering place, pleasantly situated on the north side of the estuary of the Ribble. Near it is Lytham Hall, T. Clifton, Esq. Great Plumpton. Hardhorn. G8J POULTON, a small market town, two miles distant from the west bank of the Wyre. 225 6 ? Across west side of estuary of Wyre to FLEETWOOD (see D. 2541. 230J Branch to Blackpool, 3£ miles, which is much frequented as a summer bathing place. It ex¬ tends about a mile along the shore, in front of a fine sandy beach. Near it is Rakes Hall. Rossall nail, Sir P. Hesketh Fleetwood, Bt 264 LONDON TO WHITEHAVEN, BY PRESTON, he—Continue,l. s-g C C £ o ON RIGHT FROM T.OND. O O 'O | ON LEFT FROM LOND. Pm © |J. From Fleetwood, by steamer, across More- cambe Bay, 12J miles, to Piel I. and Castle (in Rampside. Leece, 504 Piel Pier. 243 ruins), Fouluey I., Roe I., and Walney I. Thence, by railway, to To Ulverstone, by rail- 45 Furness Abbey June- 2481 Furness Abbey in way 6A or by road 5 miles (see p. 278). tion St. ruins, the property of tlie Earl of Burlington, (see p. 279.) Estuary of the Dud¬ don, and lhuldon«8ands: Along east bank of bevond, Black Combe, 1919 feet. river D addon to Swarthmore, Coiiis- 00 CO Kirkby St. 255 head Priory, and Bard- sca Hall, T. R. G. Brad- dyll, Esq. 258 35 Broughton St. Broughton Tower. Broughton is a small market-town, situated at the head of the estuary of Millom Castle the Duddon, which divides Lancashire from Cumber¬ land. Pop. of parish 1250. Black Combe. 31 Under Hill St. 2621 29 i Holborn Hill St. 2G4 28 Silecroft St. 265J 21 Bootle St. 2721 Muncaster Castle, (Lord Muncaster.) 18 Eskmeals St. 2751 Irton, and Irton Ilall, S. Irton, Esq. 1G§ RAVENGLASS. Drigg St. 277J 14J 279J Gosforth, 3 miles. 124 Seascales St. 281 The railway hence Ponsonby Hall, E. runs along the sea« shore Stanley, Esq. cr. river Calder. as far as St Bees. Calder Abbey. Calder Bridge, 2 miles. 11 Sellafield St. 283 I Tvnemc Barton jfmrH VHIEIJiSs to! Aon Cinrto I kinllA 1 mjnvo n [taunt L|>u^C. ■vensTvorrh firtidusi/lc 4eddt ‘rn dhi ILrdlry* Shirwholm lid nit/ Affik Slal/y' ■\annhi ui Jrnivrrfi/in^ 9 ^ Ik ^ dMAnmah Whintffi ■V H ill uirn Jf rtdae Jhitificnf' "M"£5-£-3S lfrt rituUrY^ y:dq< dros^ J; Wnt/uu Remind' *- £W>.v.V , ,r nOumL- ■Wa rllcridgc\ t/iccul iltwhistie Wall To cilLSOD ThirtMaU Ca.\ ^f^ffi.7nk-»lLs, >/' UJ> < f7ir/£ njuad -' " 1 Ash Clnuih. k s' Kos( fll/l / H — J r .amHaT trrt’tuhdli liilsland Spa. f ind.il Tarn QemtSn. (TaHaMl giJliri Tay\ astlry\irriii- jiiMiuih.’nf' i ftijtwhitti [A? forty . ’WcJhfrolf Jn/bJroud. And dignified by battlements and towers Of some stem castle, mouldering on the brow Of a green hill.’'- WORDSWOXTK. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 271 One mile and a-half to the west, at the termination of a long ascent over an open moor, is the bold escarpment of limestone rock, called Underbarrow (or Scout) Scar. It is a remarkable object, and would repay the trouble of a visit for the splendid view of the distant lake mountains, and the interjacent country, which it commands. A hill, rising abruptly on the east of the town termed Benson Knott, has an altitude of 1098 feet above the level of the sea. From the summit of this hill, an extensive prospect is also obtained. Levens Hall, the seat of the Hon. Mrs Howard, five miles south of Ken¬ dal, is a venerable mansion, in the Elizabethan style, buried among lofty trees. The park, through which the river Kent wmds betwixt bold and beautifully wooded banks, is separated by the turnpike road from the house. It is of con¬ siderable size, well-stocked with deer, and contains a noble avenue of ancient oaks. The gardens, however, form the greatest attraction, being laid out in the old French style, of which this is perhaps a unique example in the kingdom. They were planned by Mr Beaumont, (whose portrait, very properly, is pre¬ served in the Hall,) gardener to King James II. Trim alleys, bov/ling-greens, and wildernesses fenced round by sight-proof thickets of beech, remind the be¬ holder, by their antique appearance, of times “ long, long ago.” In one part a great number of yews, hollies, laurels, and other evergreens, are cut into an in finite variety of grotesque shapes. -“ a spacious plot For pleasure made, a goodly spot. With lawns, and beds of flowers, and shades Of trellis-work, in long arcades. And cirque and crescent framed by walls Of close-clipt foliage, green and tall. Converging walks.” White Doe of Rylstone. The gardens, as may be imagined, harmonize well with the old Hall, the inte rior of which also deserves more than a passing glance. It contains some ex quisite specimens of elaborate carved work— “ The chambers carved so curiously, Carved with figures strange and sweet. All made out of the carver’s brain.” Christabel. The work in the south drawing-room is exceedingly rich, as may be conceived from its having been estimated that, at the present rate of wages, its execution would cost L.3000. The carved chimney-piece in the Library is a curious and interesting piece of workmanship. Three of Lely’s best portraits hang on the walls of different chambers, as well as other portraits of personages of conse¬ quence in bygone times. The entrance hall is decorated with relics of ancient armour of various dates, and one of the rooms is adorned with some splendid pieces of tapestry, descriptive of a tale from one of the Italian poets. Sizergh Hall, the seat of the ancient family of Strickland, situate thiee and a half miles south of Kendal, at the foot of a bleak liill facing the east, is 272 WINDERMERE. also deserving of a visit. It is an antique fortified building, standing in an un¬ dulating park, delightfully sprinkled with wood. Only a small portion ol the old Tower remains, frequent additions and repairs having given an irregular but picturesque aspect to the whole pile. It contains a considerable collection of carved oak, tapestry, portraits, and armour. The other seats in the neighbourhood are, Abbot Hall, Kirkland (Mrs Wil¬ son) ; The Vicarage, Kirkland (Rev. J. Barnes); Helm Lodge, two miles south (W. D. Oewdson, Esq.); Heaves Lodge, four miles south (James Gandy, Esq.); Sedgwick House, four miles south (John Wakefield, Esq.); Dallam Tower, seven miles south (George Wilson, Esq.); Mosergh House, four miles north (Mr. Machell); Shaw End, five miles north (Henry Shepherd, Esq.); Low Bridge House, six miles north (R. Fotliergill, Esq.); Raw Head, four miles east (Mr Sleddull); Hill Top, three miles east (William Wilson, Esq.) WINDERMERE [Hotels: —Windermere.; A small steamer during summer makes several voyages daily from one extremity of the lake to the other. Windermere is now rendered easy of access to tourists by railway both from the north and south. On the arrival of the trains, coaches leave the station at Windermere for Amb'leside and Keswick, from whence interesting excursions may be made in various directions. Coaches also travel daily between the Windermere railway terminus and Coniston. We would by all means recommend those strangers who have sufficient time to circum-ambulate this, which is the queen of the lakes, and largest sheet of water in the district, to do so at an early period of their visit, that the quiet scenery with which it is surrounded may not be considered tame, as will probably be the case if the survey be delayed until the bolder features of the country have been inspected. Windermere, or more properly Winandermere, is about eleven miles in length, and one mile in breadth. It forms part of the county of Westmorland, although the greatest extent of its margin belongs to Lancashire. It has many feeders, the principal of which is formed by the confluence of the Brathay and Kothay shortly before entering the lake. The streams from Troutbeck, Blelham Tarn, and Esthwaite Water also pour in their waters at different points. Numerous islands, varying considerably in size, diversify its surface at no great distance from one another,—none of them being more than four and a half miles from the central part of the lake. Their names commencing with the most northerly are—Rough Holm (opposite Rayrigg), Lady Holm (so called from a chapel THE LAKE DISTItlCT. 273 dedicated to our Lady, which once stood upon it), Hen Holm, House Holm, Thompson’s Holm, Curwen’s or Belle Isle (round which are several nameless islets), Berkshire Island (a little below the ferry points), Ling Holm, Grass Holm, and Silver Holm. Windermere is deeper than any of the other lakes, with the exception of Wast Water, its depth in some parts being upwards of 240 feet. It is plentifully stocked with perch, pike, trout, and char, which last, at the proper season, is potted in large quantities and forwarded to the south. It is a remarkable fact, that at the spawning season, when the trout and char leave the lake, the former fish invariably takes the Rothay, and the latter the Bra thy. The prevailing character of the scenery around Windermere is soft and graceful beauty. It shrinks from all approach to that wildnes3 and sublimity which characterise some of the other lakes, and challenges admiration on the score of grandeur only at its head, where the mountains rise to a considerable height, and present admirable outlines to the eye of the spectator. The rest of the margin is occupied by gentle eminences, which, being exuberantly wooded, add a richness and a breadth to the scenery which bare hills cannot of themselves bestow. N umerous villas and cottages, gleaming amid the woods, impart an aspect of do¬ mestic beauty, which further contributes to enrich the character of the landscape. Around the shores of the lake there are many places which may be made the temporary residence of the tourist while exploring the beauties of the adjacent country, and probably he may find it advantageous to make several of them his abode in succession: Bowness, on the east shore, half way between the two ex¬ tremities, and therefore the most eligible; Ambleside, one mile beyond the head of the lake; Low Wood Inn, a mile and a half from its head on the east shore; the Ferry Inn on the promontory over against Bowness; and Newby Bridge at its foot,—all furnish comfortable quarters for the tourist, where boats, guides, and all his other wants can be supplied. We shall commence our perambulation at the town first named, proceeding along the west border, and returning by the east border of the water. BOWNESS. [Hotels: —Crown; Royal; Old England.] This pretty village is placed on the edge of a large bay, opposite Belle Isle, about eight miles from Kendal, and six from Ambleside. It has two excellent hotels, which, from the delightful character of the adjacent country, and the con¬ venient situation of the village for making excursions, are much frequented during the touring season. The Church dedicated to St Martin is an ancient structure with a square tower, and a finely painted chancel window, which originally belonged to Furness Abbey. The churchyard contains a monument erected to the memory of Richard Watson, the late learned Bishop of Llandaff, the author of “the Apology for the Bible,” and other well known works. He was born at Havershare, in another part of the county, in which village his T 274 WINDERMERE. father was schoolmaster for upwards of forty years. He was interred at this place: the inscription upon his tomb is simple and unpretending. “ Ricardi Watson, Episcopi Landavensis, cineribus sacrum obiit Julii 1, A.D. 1816, jEtatis 79.” The interior of the church may be described in these lines, taken from “ the Excursion,” which have doubtless been suggested by this, or a similar structure. " Not raised in nice proportions was the pile. But, large and massy, for duration built; With pillars crowded, and the roof upheld By naked rafters, intricately cross'd Like leafless underboughs, 'mid some thick grove. All wither'd by the depth of shade above. Admonj'ory texts inscribed the walls— Each in its ornamental scroll inclosed. Each also crown’d with winged heads—a pair Of rudely-painted cherubim. The floor Of nave and aisle, in unpretending guise. Was occupied by oaken benches, ranged In seemly rows- And marble monuments were here display'd Thronging the walls, and on the floor beneath Sepulchral stones appear’d with emblems graven. And foot-wom epitaphs, and some with small And shining effigies of brass inlaid.” The school-house has been lately rebuilt through the munificence of the labs Mr Bolton of Storrs. It stands on an eminence to the east of the village, and forms a handsome edifice. The view from the front is exquisitely beautiful, compris¬ ing the whole of the upper half of the lake. The mountains round the head, into the recesses of which the waters seem to penetrate, arrange themselves in highly graceful forms, and the wooded heights of the opposite shore cast a deep shadow upon the “ bosom of the steady lake.” From this point Belle Isle ap¬ pears to be a portion of the mainland. In addition to the villas afterwards enumerated, there are in the neighbourhood, Holly Hill (Mrs Bellasis), The Craig (W. R. Gregg, Esq.), Birthwaite (G. Gard¬ ner, Esq.), Rayrigg (Major Rodgers,) The Wood (Miss Yates), St Catherine’s (the Earl of Bradford), Elleray, Orrest Head (John Braithwaite, Esq.), Belle Grange (Mrs Curwen), Wray (Wm. Wilson, Esq.) Several interesting walks will be pointed out to strangers, amongst which we may mention those through the parsonage-land to the Ferry Point, and to Storrs. If the tourist will take the trouble to proceed about half a mile along the road to Brant Fell, he will be rewarded by one of the finest views of the lake he can obtain. The Fells of Furness are seen across the lake, but the murmur of -“ bees that soar for bloom, High aa the highest peak of Furness Fells,” * is of course inaudible. A pleasing walk of four or five miles may b3 obtained * WoRDSWOnTH. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 275 thus: pursue the road to Ambleside until it enters that from Kendal (this por¬ tion of the walk will be particularized presently): turn to the right, and keep on this road for about a mile. The Wood, St Catherine’s, and Elleray, are passed on the left. The last was the property of late Prof. Wilson of Edinburgh, and was at one time occupied by the late Major Hamilton, the author of Cyril Thornton, of a history of the Peninsular Campaigns, and other literary works. The house is perched upon the hill-side, having beautiful views of the sur¬ rounding scenery visible from its windows. It is thus alluded to in one of the poems of its late owner: “ And sweet that dwelling rests upon the brow (Beneath its sycamore) of Orrest Hill, As if it smiled on Windermere below, Her green recesses and her islands still I ” A narrow lane branches off from the Kendal road near the Orrest Head gate, by which Bowness will be reached one mile and a-half from Orrest Head. The more distant excursions will include the valley of Troutbeck,* the circuit of the two sections of Windermere, Esthwaite Water, and Coniston Lake. These are but a few, but an inspection of the chart will suggest others. Boating upon the lake will probably be the amusement resorted to earliest and most fre quently. The various islands should be visited, especially Belle Isle, upon which strangers are allowed to land. It contains Mr. Curwen’s residence, erected in 1/76, in the form of a perfect cycle. The island is rather more than a mile in circumference, and contains upwards of thirty acres. It is intersected by neat walks, over which fine trees throw their massy arms. The islet to the left of it is Hen Holm, the next Lady Holm. Wansfell Pike is beheld over the former. The eminences to the right are those of the Kentmore Range, Hill Bell, and High Street. Fairfield is in full view, crowning a chain of hills terminated by Rydal Nab. CIRCUIT OF WINDERMERE, FROM BOWNESS. Quitting Bowness for Ambleside, the stately woods of Rayrigg are entered three-quarters of a mile from the former place. A bay of the lake is then seen to project almost to the road. Rayrigg House stands on the left near the waters’ edge; shortly before emerging from the wood, the road ascends a steep hill, and then pursues a level course, affording from its terrace a magnificent view ol the lake—a view “ to which,” says Wilson, “ there was nothing to compare in the hanging gardens of Babylon. There is the widest breadth of water—the richest foreground of wood—and the most magnificent background of mountains, * For a description of this valley, refer to page 283 276 WINDERMERE. not only in Westmorland, but—believe us—in all the world.” Our old acquaint¬ ances, the two Pikes of Langdale are easily recognized. On the left is Bowfell, a square-topped hill, between which and the Pikes, Great End and Great Gablt peep up. On the left of Bowfell, the summit of Scawfell Pike is faintly visible. The road is intersected two miles from Bowness by the Kendal and Ambleside road, at a place called Cook’s House, nine miles from Kendal. A road proceeds into Troutbeck in a line with the one over which we have been conducting the tourist. From Cook’s House to Troutbeck Bridge is almost a mile. From this place a road conducts by the west bank of the stream to the village of Troutbeck, the nearest part of which is a mile and a half distant. Continuing our progress towards Ambleside, Calgarth, embosomed in trees, is passed on the left. The late Bishop Watson built this mansion, and resided here during the latter years of his life; it is still occupied by his descendants. Two miles beyond is Low Wood Inn, which, standing pleasantly on the margin of the lake at its broadest part, is an excellent station for those who are able to devote a few days to the beauties of the neighbourhood. Most of the excursions recommended to be made from Ambleside may, with almost equal advantage, be performed from this inn. Close at hand is Dove’s Nest, the bouse Mrs. Hemans inhabited one summer. Her description of the place, taken from her delightful letters, will not be deemed uninteresting:—“ The house was originally meant for a small villa, though it has long passed into the hands of farmers, and there is, in consequence, an air of neglect about the little demesne, which does not at all approach desolation, and yet gives it something of touching interest. You see everywhere traces of love and care beginning to be effaced—rose trees spreading into wildness—laurels darkening the windows with too luxuriant branches; and I cannot help saying to myself, ‘ Perhaps some heart like my own in its feelings and sufferings has here sought refuge and repose.’ The ground is laid out in rather an antiquated style; which, now that nature is beginning to reclaim it from art, I do not at all dislike. There is a little grassy terrace immediately under the window, descend¬ ing to a small court, with a circular grass-plot, on which grows one tall white- rose tree. You cannot imagine how much I delight in that fair, solitary, neglected-looking tree. I am writing to you from an old-fashioned alcove in the little garden, round which the sweet-briar and the rose-tree have completely run wild; and I look down from it upon lovely Winandermere, which seems at this moment even like another sky, so truly is every summer cloud and tint of azure pictured in its transparent mirror. e • • o « a e “ I am so delighted with the spot, that I scarcely know how I shall leave it The situation is one of the deepest retirement; but the bright lake before me, with all its fairy barks and sails, glancing like ‘things of life’ over its blue water, nrevents the solitude from being overshadowed by anything like sadness." TnE LAKE DISTRICT. 277 ’ Wansfell Ilolm (J. Hornby, Esq.) is seen on the right, immediately before reaching the head of Windermere. The road for the last three or four miles has been alternately approaching to and receding from the margin of the lake, but never retiring further from it than a few fathoms. At Waterhead is the neat residence of Mr. Thomas Jackson, and further on, Waterside (Mr. William New¬ ton,) is passed on the left. A mile beyond is Ambleside, afterwards described, from which we continne our perambulation. Passing Croft Lodge (J. Holmes, Esq.) on the right, Bra- thay Bridge is crossed at Clappersgate, one mile from Ambleside, and shortly afterwards Brathay Hall, (G. Redmayne, Esq.) is seen on the left. A bay, called Pull Wyke, there makes a deep indentation; and looking across the lake, Wans- fell Holm, Low Wood Inn, and lower down, Calgarth, the seat of the late Bishop Watson, are pleasing objects. Wansfell Pike and the Troutbeck Hundreds tower above them. The road to Hawkshead having deviated to the right, the village of High Wray is gained, five miles from Ambleside; and three miles beyond is the Ferry Inn. At this place the shores suddenly contract, and between the two promontories a public ferry is established, by means of which, passengers, cattle, and vehicles are conveyed across the lake at a trifling charge. About the year 1035, a marriage was celebrated at Hawkshead, between a wealthy yeoman from the neighbourhood of Bowness, and a lady of the family Sawrey of Sawrey. As is still customary in Westmorland amongst the rustic population, the married couple were attended by a numerous concourse of friends, some of whom were probably more than cheerful. In conducting the bridegroom homewards, and crossing the ferry, the boat was swamped, either by an eddy of wind, or by too great a pressure on one side, and thus upwards of fifty persons, including the bride and bridegroom, perished. While at the Ferry Inn, the tourist should not fail to visit the Station, a pleasure house belonging to Mr. Curwen of Belle Isle, stand¬ ing on a spot whence fine views of the circumjacent scenery are commanded. “The view from the Station,” says Professor Wilson, “is a very delightful one, but it requires a fine day. Its character is that of beauty, which disappears almost utterly in wet or drizzly weather. If there be strong bright sunshine, a ‘ biue breeze ’ perhaps gives animation to the scene. You look down on the islands which are here very happily disposed. The banks of Windermere are rich and various in groves, woods, coppice, and corn-fields. The large deep valley of Troutbeck stretches finely away up to the mountains of High Street and Hill Bell—hill and eminence are all cultivated wherever the trees have been cleared away, and numerous villas are visible in every direction, which, although not perhaps all built on very tasteful models, have yet an airy and sprightly character; and with their fields of brighter verdure and sheltering groves, mav be fairly allowed to add to, rather than detract from, the beautv of a scene, one of whose chief charms is that it is the cheerful abode of social life.” At a short distance from the land is Belle Isle, upon whicb stands— “ A Grecian temple rising from the deep.” 278 WINDERMERE. the residence of H. Curwen Esq. The island is rather more than a mile in cir¬ cumference, containing upwards of thirty acres. Neat walks, over which fine trees throw their massive arms, intersect the island, which in high floods i* but in two. Strangers are allowed to land ; and as the views are extremeh pleasing, they should avail themselves of the privilege. The village of Bowness is a pretty object on the east margin of the lake. * One mile and a half from the Ferry Inn, the stream called Cunsey, which runs from Esthwaite Water, * This island was formerly the property and residence of the Philipsons, an ancient Westmor¬ land family, who were also owners of Calgarth. During the civil war between Charles I. ami the Parliament, there were two brothers, both of whom had espoused the royal cause. The elder, to whom the island belonged, was a Colonel, and the younger a Major in the royal army. The latter was a man of high and adventurous courage ; and from some of his desperate ex¬ ploits had acquired amongst the Parliamentarians the appellation of Robin the Devil. It hap¬ pened when the king’s death had extinguished for a time the ardour of the cavaliers, that a cer¬ tain Colonel Briggs, an officer in Oliver’s army, resided in Kendal, who having heard that Ma¬ jor Philipson was secreted in his brother’s house on Belle Isle, went thither armed with hu double authority, 'for he was a civil magistrate as well as a military man— Great on the bench, great in the saddle, Mighty he was at both of these. And styled of War as well as Peace,) •vith the view of making a prisoner of so obnoxious a person. The Major, however, was on the alert, and gallantly withstood a siege of eight months, until his brother came to his relief The attack being thus repulsed, the Major was not a man who would sit down quietly under the injury he had received. He therefore raised a small band of horse and set forth one Sundav morning in search of Briggs. Upon arriving at Kendal, he was informed that the Colonel was at prayers. Without further consideration he proceeded to the church, and having posted his men at the entrance, dashed forward himself down the principal aisle into the midst of the as¬ semblage. Whatever were his intentions—whether to shoot the Colonel on the spot, or merely to carry him off prisoner—they were defeated : his enemy was not present. The congregation was at first too much surprised to seize the Major, who, in discovering that his object could not be effected, galloped up the next aisle. As he was making his exit from the church, his head came violently in contact with the arch of the door-way, which was much smaller than that through which he had entered. His helmet was struck off by the blow, his saddle girth gave way, and he himself was much stunned. The congregation, taking advantage of the confusion, attempted to seize him; but with the assistance of his followers, the Major made his escape after a violent struggle, and rode back to his brother’s house. The helmet still hangs in one of the aisles of Kendal church. This incident furnished Sir Walter Scott with a hint for his de¬ scription of a similar adventure in Rokeby, canto vi. 14 All eyes upon the gateway hung, When through the Gothic arch there sprung norseman arm'd at headlong speed— Same his cloak, his plume, his steed— Fire from the flinty floor was spurn’d, The vaults unwonted clang return’d ! One instant’s glance'around he threw Fiom saddlebow his pistol drew. Grimly determin’d was his look, His charger with his spurs he struck— All scatter’d backward as he came. For all knew Bertram Risingham Three bounds that noble courser ea*e. The first has reach'd the central n*ve THE LAKE DISTRICT. 279 ig crossed. At a short distance from the place where this stream joins the lake, is the island called Ling Holm. On the opposite margin, the Storrs promontory is seen projecting into the lake. Two miles beyond is the village of Graith- ivaite, in the vicinity of which is Graithwaite Hall, (J. J. Rawlinson, Esq.) From this place to Newby Bridge the road passes through a woodland section of th« country, consisting chiefly of coppices. As the foot of the lake is approached, it narrows rapidly and becomes truly “ Wooded Winandermere, the river- lake.” Landing, (John Harrison, Esq.,) is passed on the left shortly before reaching Newby Bridge, at which there is a comfortable inn. The stream which issues from the lake takes the name of the Leven. From this place to the principal towns in the neighbourhood, the distances areUlverston, eight miles. Ken¬ dal, by way of Cartmell Fell, ten miles—by Levens Bridge, fifteen miles. Am- bieside, by the road we have described, fifteen miles. Bowness, nine miles. On crossing the bridge, Mr Maehell’s neat residence is seen on the right, and fur¬ ther on, Fell Foot, (-Starkie, Esq.,) is passed on the left ; a short distance beyond, Town Head, (Wm. Townley, Esq.,) is near the road on the left, about two miles from Newby Bridge. The road passes under an eminence of tha Cartmell Fell chain, called Gummer’s How, which forms a conspicuous object in all views from the upper end of the lake. Six miles from Newby Bridge is Storrs Hall, the mansion of the late John Bolton, Esq. (now Rev. T. Stanaforth), seated amongst fine grounds which extend to the margin of the lake. It was built by Sir John Legard, Bart., but extensive additions were made by its lata owner. Here Mr Canning was wont to pay frequent visits, withdrawing for a time from the cares of public life to breathe the fresh air of nature.* The road The second clear’d the chancel wide, The third he was at Wycli fife's side. ******* While yet the smoke the deed conceals, Bertram his ready charger wheels— But flounder'd on the pavement floor, The steed and down the rider bore— And bursting in the headlong sway, The faithless saddle-girths gave way. 'Twas while he toil'd him to be freed, And with the rein to raise the steed, That from amazement’s iron trance, All Wyclifife’s soldiers waked at once.”— • The following passage from Mr Lockhart’s Life of Scott graphically describes one of these visits, to which the presence of Wordsworth, Southey, Scott, and Professor Wilson gave pecu¬ liar interest ** A large company had been assembled at Mr Bolton’s seat in honour of the minister—it included Mr Wordsworth and Mr Southey. It has not, I suppose, often happened to a plain English merchant, wholly the architect of his own fortunes, to entertain at one time a party embracing so many illustrious names. He was proud of his guests; they respected him, and honoured and loved each other; and it would have been difficult to say which star in the con¬ stellation shone with tire brightest or the softest light. There was ‘ high discourse,' intermingled with as gay flashings of courtly wit as ever Canning displayed; and a plentiful allowance on all 280 AMBLESIPE. leading from Kendal to the ferry is next crossed, and soon afterwards Femey Green (George Greaves, Esq.), Burnside (G. A. Aufrere, Esq.), and Belle Field, l Mark Beaufoy, Esq.), are successively passed immediately before Bowness, the termination of our perambulation of twenty-nine miles is regained. AMRLESIDE. IHotels: —Salutation; Waterkead; Queen’s; White Lion. ] Amblesuje, a small and irregularly built market-town of If03 inhabitants, i situate on steeply inclined ground, a mile from the head of Windermere, upon or near to the spot formerly occupied by the Roman Station—Dictis. Lying immediately under Wansfell, and surrounded by mountains on all sides, except towards the south-west the situation is one of great beauty, and consequently during summer it is much frequented by tourists, who make it their abode for some time. There are several inns ; two of which, the Salutation and the Com¬ mercial, are excellent establishments. The chapel is a modern structure, hav¬ ing been rebuilt in 1812. In a field near the edge of the lake, are the indistinct remains of Roman fortifications, where coins, urns, and other relics, have been frequently discovered. Numerous excursions may be made from Ambleside ; and the interesting walks in the immediate neighbourhood are still more abundant The valley of Ambled le, on the border of which the town stands, is well wooded, and watered by several streams ; the principal river is the Rothav, which flows from Grasmere and Rvdal Lakes, and joins the Biathav, shortly be¬ fore entering Windermere. Upon Stock Gil-l, a tributary to the Rothav, there is a fine fall, or farce, in a copsewood, about 700 yards from the Market Cross, the road to which passes behind the Salutation Inn. The fall, or rather falls, for there are four, are 70 feet in height. Portions of all four are visible from the usual stand ; but the views may be pleasingly varied by descending the bank to the stream, or proceeding farther up the Gill. Loughrigg Fell, a rocky hill which rises opposite to the town, to an eleva¬ tion of 1000 feet above Windermere, commands extensive prospects of the vale and surrounding mountains, as well as of Windermere, Grasmere, and Rydal Lakes, Blelham, Loughrigg, and Elterwater Tarns, with the towns of Ambleside and Hawkshead. sides of those airy transient pleasantries in which the fancy of poets, however wise and grave delights to run riot when they are sure not to be misunderstood. There were beautiful and accomplished women to adorn and enjoy this circle. The weather was as Elysian as the scenery. There were brilliant cavalcades through the woods in the mornings, and delicious boatings on the lake by moonlight; and the last day. Professor Wilson (‘ the Admiral of the Lake,’as Canning called him,) presided over one of the most splendid regattas that ever enlivened Windermere. Perhaps there were not fewer than fifty barges following in the Professor’s radiant procession when it paused at the point of Storrs to admit into the place of honour the vessel that carried kind and happy Mr Bolton and his guests. The three bards of the lakes led the cheers that hailed Scott and Canning; and music, and sunshine, flags, streamers, and gay dresses, the merry hum of voices, and the rapid splashing of innumerable oars, made up a dazzling mixture of sensations as the flotilia wound its way among the richly-foliaged islands, and along bays and promontories peopled with enthusiastic spectators.*’ LOWER FALL-RYDAL THE LAKE DISTRICT. 281 From the summit of IVansfell Pike, (1590 feet in height,) which stands on the east, the mountains have a highly imposing appearance, and thence may be seen the whole expanse of Windermere, with its islands ; but on account of the altitude of the spectator, the view is not so fine as that from another part of the Pike, called Troutbeck Hundreds, a little to the south. The village of Rydal, supposed to be a contraction of Rothay-Dale, is placed in a narrow gorge, formed by the advance of Loughrigg fell and Rydal Knab at the lower extremity of Rydal Mere, one mile and a quarter from Ambleside. Here, in the midst of a park containing great numbers of noble forest trees,* stands Rydal Hall, the seat of Rev. Sir R. Fleming. The celebrated falls are within the park, and strangers desirous to view them, must take a conductor from one of the cottages near the Hall gates. The fall below the house is beheld from the window of an old summer house. Amongst the juvenile poems of Words¬ worth there is a sketch of this cascade.— “ While thick above the rill the branches close, In rocky basin its wild waves repose, Inverted shrubs, and moss of gloomy green. Cling from the rocks with pale wood-weeds between ; Save that aloft the subtle sunbeams shine On wither’d briars, that o’er the crags recline. Sole light admitted there, a small cascade Aumes with sparkling foam the impervious shade; Beyond, along the vista of the brook, Where antique roots its bristling course o’erlook, The eye reposes on a secret bridge. Half grey, half shagg d with ivy to its ridge.” The chapel, from its prominent position, arrests the stranger's notice the mo¬ ment he arrives at the village. It was erected by Lady le Fleming in 1824, at her own expense. Rydal Mount, for many years the dwelling of the poet Wordsworth, stands on a projection of the hill called Knab Scar, and is approached by the road leading to the Hall. It is, as Mrs Ilemans in one of her letters describes it, “ a lovely cottage-like building, almost hidden by a profusion of roses and ivy.” The grounds, laid out in a great measure by the hands of the poet him¬ self, though but of circumscribed dimensions, are so artfully, whilst seeming to be bo artlessly planned, as to appear of considerable extent. From a grassy mound in front, “ commanding a view always so rich, and sometimes so brightly solemn, that one can well imagine its influence traceable in many of the poet’s writings, you catch a gleam of Windermere over the grove tops,—close at hand * “ The sylvan, or say rather the forest scenery of Rydal Park, was, in the memory of living men, magnificent, and it still contaos a treasure of old trees. By all means wander away into those old "-oods, and lose yourselves for an hour or two among the cooing of cushats, and the shrill shriek of startled blackbirds, and the rustle of the harmless glow-worm among the hist year’s red beech leaves. No very great harm should you even fall asleep under the shadow of an oak, while the magpie chatters at safe distance, and the more innocent squirrel peeps down upon you from a bough of the canooy. and then hoisting his tail, glides into the obscurity of the loftiest umbrage "—Professor Wilson. 282 AMBLESIDE. are Rvdal Hall, and its ancient woods,—right opposite the Loughrigg Fells, ferny, rocky, and sylvan, and to the right Rydal Mere, scarcely seen through embotvering trees, whilst just below, the chapel lifts up its little tower.” The walk to Rydal, on the banks of the Rothay, under Loughrigg Fell, is ex¬ tremely delightful. Though more circuitous than the highway, it presents finer combinations of scenery. The tourist, intending to take this round, should pur¬ sue the road to Clappersgate for half a mile to Rothay Bridge, and having cross¬ ed the bridge, enter the first gate on the right. The road leads alongside the river, passing many handsome villas, to Pelter Bridge, 2| miles. Rydal Hall, with its park, and Rydal Mount, will be frequently in sight. Behind, Amble- side, backed by Wansfell, has a picturesque appearance. On the right are the heights of Fairfield and Kirkstone. By crossing the bridge, the Keswick road will be gained, and the tourist can then either return to Ambleside, or proceed to Rydal, which is 300 or 400 yards further. Those who are fond of long walks ought to abstain from crossing the bridge, but, keeping to the left, pursue the road behind the farm house, called Coat How, which leads along the south-west shore of Rydal Mere. This mere being passed, the road ascends the hill side steeply for some time, until it reaches a splendid terrace, overlooking Grasmere Lake, with its single islet, and then, climbing again, joins on Red Bank the Gras¬ mere, and Langdale road.* Here the tourist has the choice of returning to Ambleside by Loughrigg Tarn and Clappersgate, or proceeding to Grasmere village, in doing which he will pass in succession Tail End, the Wyke, and the Cottage. The village is a sweet little place, at the head of the lake, 4 miles from Ambleside. In the churchyard are interred the remains of the poet Wordsworth. An excellent hotel (Broivn’s Prince of Wales) occupies a fine position on the side of the lake Grasmere. Allan Bank stands on a platform of ground behind the village. This house was, for some time, the abode of Wordsworth (and subsequently of Thomas de Quincey). The house, however, in which he lived for many years, and in which he composed many of his most * This is by far the best station for viewing the Lake and Vale of Gtasmere. Probably it wat this very view that called from Mrs Hemans her sonnet entitled A REMEMBRANCE OF GRASMERE. “ O vale and lake, within your mountain um. Smiling so tranquilly, and set so deep ! Oft doth your dreamy loveliness return. Colouring the tender shadows of my sleep With light Elysian;—for the hues that steep Your shores in melting lustre, seem to float On golden clouds from spirit-lands remote Isles of the blest;—and in our memory keep Their place with holiest harmonies. Fair scene Most loved by evening and her dewy star ! Oh ! ne’er may mat:, with touch unhallow’d, jar "’he perfect music of the charm serene 1 Still, still unchanged, may one sweet region wear Smiles that subdue the soul to love, ana tears, and prayer 1 THE LAKE DISTRICT. 283 beautiful pieces, is at Grasmere Town End.* The singularly shaped hill called Helm Crag, is conspicuously visible from Grasmere. Its apex exhibits so irregular an outline as to have given rise to numberless whimsical comparisons. Gray compares it to a gigantic building demolished, and the stones which com¬ posed it flung across in wild confusion. And Wordsworth speaks of ** The ancient Woman seated on Helm Crag.** The narrow valley of Easedale, a dependency of Grasmere, lying in a recess between Helm Crag and Silver How, deserves a visit for its picturesque and se¬ cluded beauty. " The spot was made by nature for herself." It contains a large tarn, and a small cascade, called Sour Milk Gill. The me¬ lancholy fate of John and Sarah Green, who lived in this vale, is now pretty generally known through Mr. De Quincey, who published an account of it in his “ Recollections of the Lakes.” About a mile from Grasmere, on an eminence, over which the old road to Ambleside passes, and exactly opposite to the middle of the lake, is the Wish¬ ing Gate. It has been so called, time out of mind, from a belief that wishes formed or indulged there have a favourable issue. Apart from any adventitious interest, the gate is an excellent station for viewing the lake. A pleasing excursion, of ten miles, into the retired side-valley of Troutbeck, may be conveniently taken from Ambleside. As the latter part of the route is practicable for horsemen and pedestrians only, those who take conveyances will be compelled to return by the road they went, as soon as they arrive at the head of Troutbeck, unless they proceed by way of Kirkstone to Patterdale. The tourist must pursue the Kendal road for two miles, and take the first road on the left when he has passed Low Wood Inn. From the eminences of this road, many exquisite views of Windermere are obtained ; and, perhaps, the finest view of the lake that can be had from any station, is that from the highest part of it. The mountains in the west present an admirable outline, and the whole length of the lake stretches out before the spectator, ** -with all its fairy crowds Of islands, that together lie As quietly as spots of sky Amongst the evening clouds.” * The whole valley of Grasmere, in fact, teems with memorials of Wordsworth. There is •carcely a crag, a knoll, or a rill, which he has not embalmed in verse. To this cottage at Town End, which is now partially hidden from those on the highway, by the intervention of soma Infer built cottages, Wordsworth brought his bride in 1802. Previous to his departure to fetch bvr, he composed his Farewell, in which these lines occur,— “ Farewell, thou little nook of mountain ground, Thou rocky corner in the lowest stair Of that magnificent Temple, which doth bound One side of our whole vale with grandeur rare; Sweet garden-orchard, eminently fair. The loveliest spot that man hath ever found l w 284 AMBLESIDE. 4 There ie not," says Professor Wilson, “ such another splendid prospect in all England. The lake has much of the character of a river, without losing its own. The islands are seen almost all lying together in a cluster—below which all is loveliness and beauty—above, all majesty and grandeur. Bold or gentle pro¬ montories break all the banks into frequent bays, seldom without a cottage or cottages embowered in trees ; and, while the whole landscape is of a sylvan kind, parts of it are so laden with woods, that you see only here and there a wreath of smoke, but no houses, and could almost believe that you are gazing on the primeval forests.” One mile and a half from Low Wood, one ex¬ tremity of the ‘ long vale-village’ of Troutbeck is reaohed, at a point about a mile from Troutbeck Bridge. The rude picturesqueness of its many-chimneyed cottages, with their unnumbered gables and slate-slab porticoes, will not be pas sed unnoticed by the tourist, as he bends his way towards the hills. “ The cot¬ tages (says the writer from whom our last extract was made) stand for the most part m clusters of twos and threes, with here and there what in Scotland is called a clachan —many a sma’ toun within the ae lang toun—but where in all broad Scotland is a mile-long scattered congregation of rural dwellings, all dropped down where the Painter and the Poet would have wished to plant them, on knolls and in dells, on banks and braes, and below tree-crested rocks, and all bound together in picturesque confusion, by old groves of ash, oak, and syca¬ more. and by flower gardens and fruit orchards, rich as those of the IJespe- rides?” The road pursues the western side of the valley, at some distance from the lowest level, which is occupied by the stream giving its name to the village On the opposite side, the Howe, the residence of Captain Wilson, K. N., will be observed, and further on, the chapel is perceived on the banks of the stream, near the bridge, by which the roads are connected. That on the east side is the most direct road from Bowness to the valley, but it is objectionable on account of its not conducting the traveller through the village. The road on the west¬ ern flank joins the Kendal and Ambleside road at Troutbeck Bridge, keeping throughout on the banks of the stream, the meanderings of which, on its way to Windermere, round rugged scaurs and wooded banks, are continually in sight. Half a mile beyond the chapel, is the only inn in the valley, bearing the quaint title of “ The Mortal Man,”—a name acquired from the lines, composed, doubt¬ less, by some native poet, which a few years ago decorated the sign-board— “ O Mortal Man, who livest on bread, What is't that makes thy nose so red ?— Thou silly ass, that looks so pale. It is with drinking Birkett’s ale." Two miles beyond the inn, the tourist has immediately below him, a tongue or swelling from the bottom of the vale called Troutbeck Park, which is visible even from the surface of Windermere. Taking his station here, and turning to the north-east, the spectator has the mountains of Kentmere before him. The nearest elevation is called the Yoke, the two next, having the appearance of the humps on a dromedary's back, are Hill Bell and Froswick,—and further on is the take district. 285 High Street. Having left the Mortal Man three miles behind, and climbed the side of Kirkstone for some distance, a road through the fields, on the left, will be discovered, which passes in succession three farm-houses, High Grove, Mid die Grove, and Low Grove, in Stockdale, and enters Ambleside, three miles from the deviation. A favourite excursion, with the temporary residents in Ambleside, is that through the two Langrai.es. If the object of the tourist be merely to view the vale of Great Langdale (the finer of the two) with Dungeon Gill Force, and to ascend the Pikes, he will traverse a road perfectly practicable for carriages; but if he desire to see something more of the country, by visiting Skelwith and Col- with Forces, Little Langdale and Blea Tarns, he must be content to go on horse¬ back, in a car, or on foot. This circuit, which we shall describe, is about eighteen miles in length. With the intention, then, of visiting the two Langdales in suc¬ cession, the tourist will leave Ambleside by the road to Clappersgate, wiruling on the banks of the Brathay, (near the source of which he will be ere long,) un¬ der the craggy heights of Loughrigg Fell. A newly-built chapel mil be observed in a charming situation on the south bank of the river. “ Sweeter stream-sco- nery,” says Wilson, “ with richer fore, and loftier back-ground, is nowhere to be seen within the four seas.” A few hundred yards above Skelwith Bridge (three miles from Ambleside) the stream is precipitated over a ledge of rock, making a fall twenty feet in height. The cascade is not so remarkable in itself, as for the magnificent scenery around it. Langdale Pikes have a peculiarly striking appearance. By this bridge the traveller is conducted into Lancashire, in which county the road does not continue for more than a mile before it re¬ enters Westmorland at Colwith Bridge. A short distance above the bridge, the stream, issuing from a tam farther up, makes a fine cascade called Colwith Force. It is in a dell close to the road, and is about 70 feet high. A stupen¬ dous mountain, called Wetherlamb, occupies a conspicuous position in a chain of lofty hills on the south-west. Proceeding, Little Langdale Tarn becomes visible on the left—on the right is Lingmoor, a hill which serves as a partition between the two Langdales. At the termination of the inclosed land, amongst a few trees, are two dwellings, called Fell Foot, seven and a-half miles from Ambleside. One of them was formerly an inn, whereat the gangs of pack-horses were refreshed previous to their ascent of the mountain passes of Wrynose and Hardknot—this being the route by which the manufactures of Kendal were transported to the western coast. Taking the road to the right, and ascending some distance between the mountains, a solitary pool of water, named Blea Tarn, is perceived in the bottom of an elevated depression. Those magnificent objects,— -the two huge peaks That from some other vale peer into this, are the two Pikes of Langdale. The more southern one is named Pike o’ Stickle —the other, and higher, Harrison Stickle. Having passed the tarn, the road 286 ULVERSTON. winds down a steep descent into the head of Great Langdale, that part of it cal¬ led Mickleden, through which is the road over the Stake into Borrowdale, being right before the eye. Mill Becks, a farm-house, at which refreshment is usually taken, is soon reached. Here a guide to Dungeon Gill Force, and to the sum¬ mit of the Pikes, can be obtained. The former is a fell of water, formed by a stream which runs down a fissure in the mountain’s side not far above the house. A curious natural arch has been made, by a large stone having rolled from a higher part of the mountain, and got wedged in between the cheeks of rock. Over the bridge thus formed, ladies have been known, like Wordsworth's Idle Shepherd Boy, to possess the intrepidity to pass.* Two roads traverse the valley, one of which keeps under the hills on the left, the other takes the mid¬ dle of the vale ;—the former is to be preferred by those unencumbered with car¬ riages. One mile and a half from Mill Becks, is the little Chapel of Langdale, whence a road strikes up the hill-side, crossing Red Bank into Kydal, or Gras¬ mere. A large sheet of water, hung amongst the meadows, which now comes into sight, is Elterwater Tarn, at the head of which stands Elterwater Hall. The stream feeding the tarn is crossed by a bridge, a short distance above the tarn Near the bridge are the works of Elterwater Gunpowder Company. A little fur¬ ther in a recess, on the flank of Loughrigg Fell, is Loughrigg Tarn, a lovely spot on which Wilson has composed some beautiful lines. Ambleside is only three miles beyond Ambleside abounds with villas. Among them may be named, Fox GhylJ lH. Roughsedge, Esq.), Fox Howe (Mrs Arnold), Rothay Bank (J. Crossfield, Esq.), Oak Bank (C. Robinson, Esq.), The Cottage (II. P. Lutwidge, Ewj.), The (Jake (Dr Davy), The Knoll (Miss Martineau), Covey Cottage (G. Partridge, Esq.), Bellevue (M. Harrison, Esq.), Green Bank (B. Harrison, Esq.), Hill Top (T. Carr, Esq.), Brathay Hall (G. Redmayne, Esq.), Croft Lodge (J. Holmes, Bsq.), Wanlass How (Mrs Brenchlev), Wansfell Holme (J. Hornby, Esq.), Wray Castle (J. Dawson, Esq.), Rydal Hall (Rev. Sir R. Fleming), Rydal Mount ,the residence of the late William Wordsworth, Esq.), Glen Rothay (W. Ball Esq.), Allan Bank (Thomas Dawson, Esq.), The Cottage (Mrs. Orrell). ULVERSTON. [Hotels : —Sun, Braddyll’s Arms, Temperance.] Ulverston, a market-town and port, containing about lili30 inhabitants, situate in that division of Lancashire, termed “ North of the Sands," is supposed to de¬ rive its name from Ulph, a Saxon Lord. It is about a mile from the estuary of the Leven, with which it is connected by a canal, constructed in 1795, and ca- • “ There is a spot which you may see If ever you to Langdale go. Into a chasm, a mighty block Hath fallen, and made a bridge of rocfe : The gulf is deep below. And in a basin blacK and small, Re.ieives a lofty Waterfall/* Words w geth. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 287 pabie of floating vessels of 200 tons. The appearance of the town is neat, the greater part of the houses being of modern erection. The parish church, dedi¬ cated to St Mary, received considerable additions in 1804 ;butatower and Nor¬ man doorway of the old structure still remain. From the sloping ground behind the church, a delightful view of the bay and neighbouring country may be ob¬ tained. A new and elegant church, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected at the upper end of the town in 1832. Amongst other buildings of recent erec¬ tion, the Savings’ Bank may be noticed. The town contains a Theatre, Assem¬ bly Room, and Subscription Library, and two good Inns,—the Sun and Brad- dyll’s Arms. Ship-building is carried on to some extent ; and the manufacture of check, canvass, and hats, is a considerable branch of trade. The Duke of Buccleuch is Lord of the liberty of Furness, of which the Manor of Ulverston forms part. Conishead Priory, the seat'of T. R. G. Braddyll, Esq., has been termed, from its beautiful situation, “ the Paradise of Furness.” It is situate two miles south of Ulverston, near the sea-shore, in an extensive and well-wooded park, which is intersected, like most old parks, with public roads, forming a favourite Dromenade for the inhabitants of the town. The mansion, which has lately been rebuilt in a style of magnificence of which there are few examples in the north of England, occupies the site of the ancient Priory, founded by William de Lan¬ caster, the fourth in descent from Ivo de Taillebois, first Baron of Kendal, in the reign of Henry II. Upon the dissolution of the religious houses, it fell into the hands of Henry the VIII., whose cupidity was excited by the great extent of its landed possessions. The interior of the mansion possesses some good paint¬ ings of Titian, the Carracci, Romney, Reynolds, and other celebrated painters. Holker Hall, a seat of the Duke of Devonshire, is placed in a noble park on the opposite shore of the Leven, about three and a half miles east of Ulverston. The noble owner has a good collection of pictures, among which are many ex¬ cellent paintings by Romney. Six miles north-east of Ulverston is the village of Cartmell, in which is an ancient church, once a priory, of unusual size and beauty, dedicated to the Vir¬ gin. A short distance from the village is a medicinal spring called Holywell. Six miles and a half to the south-west of Ulverston, in a close valley called Beckansgill, or the glen of deadly nightshade, from that plant being found there in great abundance, are the beautiful remains of Furness Abbey, now belong¬ ing to the Duke of Devonshire. This abbey was founded in 1127, by Stephen, F.arl of Montaiiine and Boulogne, afterwards King of England; “This prince conferred the greater part of the district, excepting the land of Michael Flem¬ ing, on the Abbey of Furness, by a charter dated 1126, in which, for the first time, the name Furness ‘ Fudernesia’ or the further ness, is found. By this in¬ stitution it was held till the dissolution, when it reverted to the Crown, and be¬ came part of the duchy of Lancaster. In the year 1662, it was granted by Charles Ii. to the Duke of Albemarle, and his heirs, with all the rights, privi- 288 KESWICK. leges, and jurisdictions belonging thereto. The Lordship is now held by the Duke of Buccleuch, to whom the property of the Duke of Albemarle descended by marriage. In the early part of English history, the Falls o» Furness formed the boundary between Scotland and England, and in 1138, a terrible eruption from the north laid the whole peninsula desolate. The ruins of the castle of Pile of Fouldrey form a monument of that invasion.”* The ruins amply attest the former magnificence of the structure. The length of the church is 287 feet, the nave is 70 feet broad, and the walls in some places 51 feet high, and 5 feet thick. The walls of the church, and those of the chap¬ ter-house, the refectorium, and the school-house, are still in great part remain¬ ing, and exhibit fine specimens of Gothic architecture ; the chapter-house, 60 feet by 45, has been a sumptuous apartment ; the roof, which was of fret-work, was supported by six channelled pillars. The great east window, the four seats near it, adorned with Gothic ornaments, and four statues found in the ruins, are particularly worth}' of notice. By the ebbing of the tide, the sands of Morecambe Bay, lying between Lan¬ caster (lienee usually termed the Lancaster Sands) and Ulverston, are twice a day, to the extent of several miles, left perfectly dry, except in the channels of the rivers Kent and Leven, and may be crossed by vehicles of every description. Guides, who are remunerated by Government, are stationed at the places where the rivers flow, to conduct travellers across in safety. The whole distance from Lancaster to Ulverston is twenty-two miles. From Hest Bank, the point ofen try upon the sands on the eastern shore, to Kents Bank, is a distance of eleven miles. Three miles of terra Jirma are then crossed, and three miles of sand fol¬ low, lying between the shores of the Leven estuary, from the nearest of which Ulverston is distant something more than a mile. If the proper time be chosen, (which can be easily ascertained by inquiry at Lancaster and Ulverston,) there is no danger in crossing these sandy plains, and yet few years pass in which lives ire not lost. + KESWICK. [Hotels: —Keswick Hotel; Royal Oak ; Queen’s Head; King’s Arms.] Keswick, a market-town in the parish of Crosthwaite, and county of Cum- berland, is situate on the south bank of the Greta, in a large and fertile vale, little more than a mile from the foot of Skiddaw, and half a mile from Der- wentwater. It contains 2610 inhabitants, and consists of one large street. The principal manufactures are hnsey-wolsey stuffs, and edge-tools, particularly the former. Black-lead pencils, made of the plumbago (or wad, as it is provincially called,) extracted from the mine in Borrowdale, are also a considerable branch * Baines' Hist, of Lancashire, Vo!, iv. p.(£>7- t “ I must not omit to tell you that Mr Wordsworth not only admired our exploit in cros¬ sing the Ulverston Sands as a deed of * derring do,* but as a decided proof of taste : the lake scenery, he says, is never seen to such advantage as alter the passage of what be calls its mu. jesttc barriLi."—Mrs He-mans' Letters. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 289 of manufacture. Char, taken in Butterniere lake, is potted in targe quantities during the proper season, and forwarded to the south of England. The Town Hall, erected in 1813, upon the site of the old Court House, stands in the centre of the town. The clock-bell, which was taken from a building that formerly stood on Lord’s Island in the lake, has the letters and figures “ H. D. R. 0. 1001,” upon it,—a decisive proof of its high antiquity. The parish church, an ancient structure, dedicated to St Kentigem, stands three quarters of a mile dis¬ tant. A new church of elegant proportions was erected on the east of the town by the late John Marshall, Esq., who became lord of the manor by purchasing the forfeited estates of Ratcliffc, Earl of Derwentwater, from the Commissioners of Greenwich Hospital, to whom they were granted by the Crown. A manorial court is held annually in May. The two museums, kept by Messrs Crosthwaite and Hutton, deserve it visit, as they contain specimens illustrating the natural history of the neighbourhood, as ■well as many foreign curiosities. Minerals and geological specimens are kept on sale. Mr FLintoft’s accurate model of the lake district, the labour of many years, should also be inspected. For the tourist this model possesses peculiar interest, exhibiting, as it does, an exact represen¬ tation of the country through which he is travelling, with every object minutely laid down, and the whole coloured after nature. The dimensions of the model are 12 feet 9 inches by 9 feet 3 inches. There are two good hotels, the Royal Oak and the Queen’s Head, besides numerous inns, at which guides, ponies, boatmen, and boats can be obtained. Tourists desiring to make a prolonged stay may also be accommodated with comfortable lodgings at many private houses. Greta Hall, the residence of the late Dr Southey, the Poet Laureate, is seated on a slight eminence near the town, about 200 yards to the right of the bridge across the river on the road to Cockermouth. The scenery visible from the windows has been finely sketched by himself in these hexametrical lines • “ 'Twas at that sober hour when the light of day is receding. And from surrounding things the hues wherewith day has adorn'd them Fade like the hopes of youth till the beauty of youth is departed : Pensive, though not in thought, I stood at the window beholding Mountain, and lake, and vale; the valley disrobed of its verdure ; Derwent retaining yet from eve a glassy reflection. Where his expanded breast, then still and smooth as a mirror. Under the woods leposed; the hills that calm and majestic Lifted their heads into the silent sky, from far Glaramara, Bleacrag, and Maidemnawr to Grisedal and westernmost Wythop. Dark and distinct they rose. The clouds had gathered above them, High in the middle air huge purple pillowy masses. While in the west beyond was the last pale tint of the twilight. Green as the stream in the glen, whose pure and chrysolite wateis Flow o'er a schistous bed, and serene as the age ot the righteous. Earth was hush’d and still; all motion and sound were suspended * Neither man was heard, bird, beast, nor humming of insect.. Only the voice of the Greta, heard only when all is in stillness.” U 290 DERWENT WATER. The lake sometimes called Keswick Lake, but better known by tbs name of DERWENTWATER, is about half a mile from the town. A scene of more luxuriant beautv than this lake affords can scarcely be imagined. Its shape is symmetrical without being formal, while its size is neither so large as to merge the character of the lake in that of the inland sea, nor so circumscribed as to expose it to the charge of insignificance. The admirers of nature are divided in opinion as to the re spective merits of this lake and Ulleswater ; some assigning the palm of supe¬ riority to the one and some to the other. Those who are familiar with the Al¬ pine scenery of Scotland, which so far surpasses in savage grandeur any thing within the Emits of the sister country, almost uniformly give the preference to Derwentwater, while those who have not possessed opportunities of contemplat¬ ing nature in her sterner moods are more deeply impressed with the more ma¬ jestic attributes of her rival. Derwentwater approaches to the oval form, extending from north to south about three miles, and being in breadth about a mile and a half, “ expanding within an amphitheatre of mountains, rocky but not vast, broken into many fantastic shapes, peaked, splintered, impending, sometimes pyramidal, opening bv narrow vallies to the view of rocks that rise immediately beyond, and are again overlooked by others. The precipices seldom overshoot the water, but are arranged at some distance ; and the shores swell with woody eminences, or sink into green pastoral margins. Masses of wood also frequently appear among the cliffs, feathering them to their summits; and a white cottage sometimes peeps from out their skirts, seated on the smooth knoll of a pasture projecting to the lake, and looks so exquisitely picturesque, as to seem placed there pur¬ posely to adorn it. The lake in return faithfully reflects the whole picture, and so even and brilliantly translucent is its surface, that it rather heightens than obscures the colouring.”* The principal islands in the lake are Vicar’s Isle, Lord’s Island, and St Her¬ bert’s Isle. Vicar’s Isle or Derwent Isle is that nearest the foot of the lake ; it contains about six acres, and belongs to Captain Henry, whose residence is upon it. Lord’s Island, of a size somewhat larger than the last, has upon it the hardly perceptible remains of a pleasure-house, erected by one of the Rat- cliffes with the stones of their deserted castle which stood on Castlerigg. This island was once connected with the mainland, from which it was severed by the Ratcliffes, by a fosse, over which a drawbridge was thrown. St Her¬ bert’s Isle, placed nearly in the centre of the lake, derives its name from a holy hermit who lived in the seventh century, and had his cell on this island. The remains of the hermitage are still visible. To St Cuthbert ol Durham this “ saintly eremite” bore so perfect a love as to pray that he him- » So transparent is the water, that pebbles may be tuaily seen fifteen or twenty feet below its surface. THE LAKE DISTRICT. 291 self niighl expire the moment the breath of life quitted the body of his friend, so that their souls might wing their flight to Heaven in company. Near the ruins, the late Sir Wilfred Lawson, (to whose representative the island at present belongs,) erected a few years ago a small cottage which, being built of unhewn stone, and artificially mossed over, has a venerable appearance. There are three or four other islets, the largest of which is Rampsholm. At ir¬ regular intervals of a few years, the lake exhibits a singular phenomenon in the rising of a piece of ground, called The Floating Island, from the bottom to the surface of the water. Its superficial extent varies in different years, from an acre to a few perches. It is composed of earthy matter, six feet in thick¬ ness, covered witli vegetation, and is full of air-bubbles, wliich, it is supposed, by penetrating the whole mass, diminish its specific gravity, and are the cause of its buoyancy. This natural phenomenon is situate about 150 yards from the shore, near Lowdore. The walks in the neighbourhood of Keswick are numerous and interesting. From Crow Park and Friar Crag, two places situate on the east shore, near the foot of the lake, beautiful views of the lake, vale, and surrounding mountains are obtained. From a wooded eminence called Castle Head, standing on the left of the Borrowdale road, about half a mile from Keswick, there is an en¬ chanting prospect extending on the south into the “ Jaws of Borodale,” in which Castle Crag appears like a prominent front tooth. Cat Bells, on the other side of the lake, are fine objects, as well as other mountains which tower over the vale of Newlands. From a summit, called Castlerigg, one mile from Keswick on the Ambleside road, there is a most extensive view, comprising the lakes of Derwentwater and Bassenthwaite, the fertile vale through which the Derwent winds on its passage from the one lake to the other, and the heights of Skiddaw. Gray declares that, on leaving Keswick, when he turned round at this place tc contemplate the scenery behind him, he was so charmed “ that he had almost a mind to go back again.” A walk over Latrigg, “ Skiddaw’s Cub,” will furnish the stranger with innumerable delightful prospects ; and, in fact, it is impossi¬ ble to stir in the neighbourhood of Kesivick, without having scenery' of the finest description before the eye. One mile and a-half from Kesivick, on an eminence to the right of the old road to Penrith, is a small Druidical circle, measuring 100 feet by 108, consisting of forty-eight stones, some of which are 7 feet high. Perhaps an excursion exhibiting more beautiful prospects of rock, wood, and water, than that round Derwentwater, does not exist in the vicinity of the Lakes. It is not more than 10 miles in length, if Grange Bridge be the limit of the ride in that direction ; but if the excursion be extended to Bowder Stone, two miles must be added. Leaving Keswick by the Borrowdale Road, Castle Head, Wal¬ low Crag, and Falcon Crag, are successively passed on the left. A hollow in the summit of Wallow Crag is visible from the road. There is a tradition current in the country, that, by means of this hollow the Countess of Derwentwater cf 202 RORROWDALE. fected her escape when the Earl was arrested for high treason, carrying with hei a quantity of jewels and other valuables. It has ever since borne the name ol the Lady's Rake. Barrow House stands two miles from Keswick, on the left of the road. Behind the house there is a fine cascade 124 feet in height, which may be seen on application at the lodge. A mountain road strikes off at this point to the village of Watendlath, two miles from the deflection. The road, after passing the village, near which there is a tarn, re-enters the Borrowdale road a little beyond Bowder Stone. In making the ascent to the village, splendid views of the lake and Skiddaw are obtained. One mile beyond Barrow, the road having passed under Thrang Crag, is Lowdove Hotel, behind which is the cele¬ brated Lowdore Waterfall. The grandeur of the rocks around the stream ren¬ der the scene impressive, whatever may be the state of the weather, but the cas¬ cade is dependent in a great measure for its effect on the quantity of water. After heavy rains, the noise of the fall may be heard as far down the lake as r’riar Crag. Gowder Crag rises on the left, Shepherd’s Crag on the right, of the waterfall. One mile further, Grange Bridge, spanning Borrowdale Beck, is at¬ tained. Should the tourist desire to see the curious mass of rock called Bowder Stone, the road into Borrowdale must be continued for a mile further. This immense block, which has evidently rolled from the heights above, stands on a platform of ground, a short distance to the left of the road. A branch road has been made to the stone, which rejoins the Borrowdale road further on. It hits been computed to weigh upwards of 1900 tons. Its summit may be gained bv means of a ladder which has been affixed to it for the use of strangers. “ Upon a seniicirque of turf-clad ground, A mass of rock, resembling, as it lay Right at the foot of that moist precipice, A stranded ship, with keel upturned, that rests Careless of winds and waves." Wordsworth. Close to Bowder Stone, but on the opposite side of the river, from the bank of which it suddenly rises, is an elevation clothed with wood called Castle Crag, so termed from a Roman fortification having once occupied the summit, the fiu’nt traces of which still remain. Some of the relics found here are shown in one of the museums at Keswick. Returning to and crossing Grange Bridge, the village of Grange is passed, and, one mile beyond, are a few houses called Ma- nesty, near which is a small medicinal spring. Passing under the summit styled Cat Bells, the road enters the pretty village of Portinscale, 4§ miles from Grange Bridge, near which are many elegant villas. Keswick is but a mile and a quar- er beyond. An agreeable excursion of thirteen miles and a half may be made from Kes¬ wick into the famed Valley of St John. The Penrith road must be pursued or four miles, to the village of Threlkeld. This road, lying almost the whole way on the banks of the Greta, passes under the mountain-masses of Skiddaw and Saddleback, (more poetically called Blencathara.) In a recess of the lattei THE LAKE DISTRICT 293 mountain, deeply embosomed in huge cliffs, there lies a piece of water called Scales Tarn, which exaggerating travellers have described as an abyss of waters upon which the sun never shines, and wherein the stars of heaven mav be seen at noon-day. In the same tam, tradition asserts that two immortal fish have their abode. Amongst the acknowledgments which the Minstrel, in his “ Song at the feast o( Brougham Castle,” states had been made to the secret power of the good Lord Clifford, when a shepherd boy in adversity, was the following:— " And both the undying fish that swim In Bowscale Tarn did wait on him. The pair were servants of his eve In their immortality; They moved about in open sight. To and fro for his delight.” The old hall at Threlkeld has been long in a state of dilapidation, the only habitable part having been for years converted into a farm-house. This was one of the places of residence of Sir Lancelot Threlkeld, a powerful knight in the reign of Henry VII., and uncle to the Lord Clifford above-mentioned, who was wont to say that “ he had three noble houses—one for pleasure, Crosby in West¬ morland, where he had a park full of deer ; one for profit and warmth, namelv, Van with, nigh Penrith ; and the third, Threlkeld on the edge of the vale of Kes¬ wick, well stocked with tenants to go with him to the wars.” These “ three no¬ ble houses” are now the property of the Earl of Lonsdale, and are all occupied as farm-houses. A short distance on the Keswick side of Threlkeld, the road leading into the Vale of St John branches off on the right. A branch of the river Greta, called St John’s Beck, runs through this valley, which is narrow, but extremely pic¬ turesque, being bounded on the right by Nathdale or Naddle Fell, and on the left by Great Dodd, a hill at the extremity of the Helvellvn chain. The chapel occupies a striking situation on the right, at the summit of the pass between St John's Vale and .Naddle. Though standing at such an elevation, the sun never shines upon it during three months of the year. There are fine retrospective views of Saddleback, and the peculiar conformation of the summit which gives its name to the mountain may be clearly perceived. The high road to Keswick is gained four miles and a half from Threlkeld. From the end of Naddle Fell in the Vale of Thirlspot, near to Thirlemere, some sweet glimpses of that lake may be obtained. The rock which has given celebrity to the valley stands near the extremity on the left. The resemblance to a fortification is certainly verv striking. It is the scene of Sir Walter Scott’s Bridal of Triermain, in which there is (he following description of the appearance which the rock presented to the charmed senses of King Arthur :— " With toil the King his way pursued By lonely Threlkeld’s waste and wood, Till on his course obliquely shone The narrow valley of St John, 204 vale OP ST JOHN. Jown sloping ro tne western sky, Where lingering sunbeams love to l»e. * » * * * * * Paled in by many a lofty hill, The narrow dale lay smooth and still. And, down its verdant bosom led, A winding brooklet found its bed. But midmost of the vale, a mound Arose with airy turrets crown’d, Buttress, and rampire's circling bound. And mighty keep and tower ; Seem’d some primeval giant’s hand The castle’s massive walls had plann’d, A ponderous bulwark to withstand Ambitious Nimrod’s power. Above the moated entrance slung, The balanced drawbridge trembling hung. As jealous of a foe ; Wicket of Oak, as iron hard, With iron studded, clench’d, and barr’d. And prong’d portcullis, join’d to guard The gloomy pass below. But the grey walls no banners crown’d, Upon the watch-tower’s airy round No warder stood his horn to sound. No guard beside the bridge was found. And, where the Gothic gateway frown’d, Glanced neither bill nor bow. • * * • * * * * -when a pilgrim strays. In morning mist or evening maze. Along the mountain lone. That fairy fortress often mocks His gaze upon the castled rocks Of the Valley of St John." Keswick is nine miles and a-half trom Threlkeld by way of the Vale of Si John. The ridge of Castlerigg, whence there is the splendid prospect already noticed, is crossed one mile from Keswick. A drive round the lake of Bassenthwaite is frequently taken by tourists whilst making Keswick their head-quarters. This lake lies three miles to the north of Derwentwater, from which it is separated by low meadows, that in wet weather are flooded to some extent ; it is four miles long, and about one mile broad. The pleasant village of Portinscale is a mile and a-quarterfrom Keswick. Two miles beyond, the road which must be pursued quits the old Cockermouth road near the village of Braith waite,—between the two villages the tourist has Grise- dale Pike directly before him. The road then becomes elevated, forming a fine terrace whence the beautiful vales of Thornthwaite, Braithwaite, and Keswick, are beheld, with all their luxuriance of wood. Skirting the base of Lord's Seat and Barf, and after making many ascents and descents disclosing delightful views of the lake, backed by Skiddaw, Ouse Bridge is crossed nine miles and a-half from Ives- vick. Thebridge spans the Derwent soon efterit issues from the lake. A quarter cl THE LAKE DISTRICT 295