DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/suffolkinxviithc01reyc THE BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK SUFFOLK IN THE XVIF.« CENTURY THE BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK BY ROBERT REYCE, 1618 NOW PUBLISHED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM THE MS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM WITH NOTES BY LORD FRANCIS HERVEY LONDON JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET 1902 Edinburgh : T. and A. Constable, (late) Printers to Her Majesty Ojhr'l,(ok- TO THE MEMORY OB’ MY BROTHER JOHN WILLIAM NICHOLAS HERVEY WHO DIED B'EBRUARY 25, 1902 A ZEALOUS STUDENT OF THE HISTORY OF SUFFOLK AND A TRUE FRIEND TO ALL CLASSES OF SUFFOLK PEOPLE I DEDICATE THIS VOLUME F. H. ’ * ^^^TpPtcmb * '« i '.v Tj SI£flH ' ’ ,f y '1 '<>''/y*^' 4)^1 (tJlpllW'lliM ' >11 -r .•’^ .■«»• >«i r" ^ r» A«ki4 ikiNi ...^ r.f j» ’-« > 3*#* J» ‘’■.V'f'i itw ■*%’■ i.^ t 0/fkif* **• -T ■f'' CORRIGENDA Page 236, line 4, omit the words ‘ in the Supplementary Notes (p. 292).’ ,, ,, ,, 6, omit‘(p. 292).’ ,, 251, ,, 2, for ‘ Etheldreda,' read ‘ Etheldreda\’ ,, 266, in note to page 117 Hadleigh, for ‘1585,’ read ‘1485.’ ,, 269, in middle of page, for ‘ potuit,’ read ‘ poterit.’ ,, 277, line 5, for ‘literam,’ read ‘literarum.’ ,, 283, line 13, for ‘Ironsides,’ read ‘Ironside.’ ,, 294, in Supplementary Note (4), for ‘Brachland,’ read ‘Brackland.’ ,, 295, last line but one, for ‘ audem,’ read ‘ laudem.’ I'i I . «W).. >n * . "S.^* ii iSt.^ ., >1 l i’ i I >«i' 21 iiKiuiu^i ii('4 .9 f, ^mIMIIIIII .*■1. • i,-«i ' Til t6(lklA/ip*t'^ fH A| l♦:v^♦"flfjlii|[^,f '.i*vt4 i« ‘ '••>41 ** <11*»1.! 'Ji'l) ' I'li" > <■•< I»1 ii ^iiti ^>l^< iirti ojlf <<»I , m ■ ■t ‘ ■ A BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Or a plaine aud familier description of the Country, the fruits, the buildings, the people and inhabitants, the customs, the division politicall and ecclesiasticall, houses of Religion, with all their severall valuations, the cheifest men of learning, as of Divines privy Oouncellours, martiall men, and Navigators of former times, with severall other things of memorable note, and observation within the County of Suffolk. To the right Worshipfull, his much honoured and respected good friend S'^ Rob: Crane, Knight, all true happiness in this life, and eternall glory in the life to come. S’’ your continuall and vndeserved favours towards mee, hath made mee often to consider by what means I might expresse my thankfull affection to you. And albeit I was much abashed to see how weakely I was furnisht for the signification of my intention to so honored a friend, yett well remembring that a generous mind measures the esteeme of things given, nott by the seeming veiw or price, butt by the true intention of the giver, from hence it is that I have adventured, even with the true meaning of an vpright heart, to present vnto A o BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK you the best Jewell that I haue; which is this course and homely manuscript, the fruits and effects of my recreative opportunities, which by all the meanes that I could I haue laboured to gather together for the benefitt of this Country, vnto the which next vnder God, I doe owe that little that I haue, for my birth, education, and habitation. And indeed wdiat is more commendable (in my weake judgement) than curiously to search outt the best ornaments of his native soile? yea what can bee more pleasing to the judicious vnderstandinge than plainly to see before him the lively vsage of elder times ? the alteration of names clean worne outt, the revolution of families now wholly extinguished, the traces of antiquity, the memorials of our honorable ancestors, with the monuments of their best deservings, exciting us to imitation, and the notes of their fraile blemishes, admonishing us to eschew them. The supreame powers have framed all sublunary things transitory and subject to revolution; notwithstanding the which every one naturally doth foster in himselfe a secret longing, and silent desire for his ever continuance in this beautiful frame, which seing it cannot possibly bee (for every one upon the date of his period must of necessity returne) yett hath the witt of man found outt this meanes so much as lyeth in him to perpetuate the reverend memory of his honorable parents, ancestors, and much beloved friends departed, by erecting vnto them the lively counterfeiting resemblances, eflBgies, pyramids, epitaphs, and monuments, as doth plentifully appeare in our churches cloysters, and many such consecrated places. DEDICATION 3 Butt I will wade noe further iii the reason of things, much lesse to detaiue you any longer from the survey of the particulars in the table following. All that which I desire or would any wayes expect is that it would please you to vouchsafe (upon the acceptation hereof) your silence and honorable promise nott to lend, give, or any wayes alienate this tractate; butt to leave and bequeath it to your posterity; save onely by transcript of any particular (which may hap to bee desired) to gratifle your affected favorites. And thus S*' wishing you what soever may become your owne vertues or my desires with all due remembrance of my selfe to you, and to my good Lady, I lieere take my leave, beseeching the Almighty to send you both many long, and happy dayes in this life, and most comfortable and blessed ends for the life to come.—Ever yours in the true tender of my best power and affections Reyce. This 9'’’ of february 1618. lA X’vv'MhI<•,•••** »»*, »*" I ,1‘ t,'0 0, ' , ,# **MWP^- - *-. I f ' ii‘ ^§r T*^;i 4 ^ • r .-• • ■ - ■ ‘*^^*%^** vi***^* tot r'•»i^i?-v' 1 ^ ' '•• * .'^r**'**-* •’ .r' ' «.■ • ■*■ i,_ i ^ ^ ’i'». • '7 ‘ ■'.- ■ _ '_ > * *' k>''«;%,'*« - -f(,‘9>f0H9fllggi ^ r‘.^ .,-» iaJ^, " ’ ■..•■ ■'- - ., ‘ f .. ory^' -<_► ., -» «•'/ .- 5 •*-* ■■’• * ’ *'*•« ■■ t ' -• ' M ^ H * 1 . THE BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK The Name Where diversity of Authours do all concurre for signifi¬ cation of the name of Suffolk it were vanity well reproveable to bee curious in Etimologising; lett it therefore suffice to vnderstand that so soon as ever the inhabitants of this land were reduced into any regular destinction, this county received the name of Suffolk, and such as here dwelled were by the Saxons (then lords over all) termed the people in the south, as scituated southward from the county of Norffolk, since which time it hath evermore reteyned that name. Clymate Now as the county is one of the remotest shires of all England eastward, so according to the best supputation of our moderne Geographers it is scituated in the northern latitude of 52 degrees and 8 minutes, and in the East longitude of 24 degrees, reckning from the very middest and inmost part of the Country. The length When I consider the vttermost length of this shire in right line, as from Thurlow on the west vnto Gorlestone 6 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK next Yarmouth towards the East part it reacheth 50 miles, butt to take a more fitter length as the naturall shape of the Country lyeth in right line, as from Exening on the West to Aldborough on the East it extendeth scarce to 40 miles. The hredth The bredth whither I take it on the west side from Brandon to Clare in right line 18 miles or in the very middest from Loppham to Stratford in right line 19 miles or to take another bredth more Eastward, as from Bungey to Dunwich in right line 20 miles. I find nott much to differ sane onely in the narrowest of tlie East part it is butt 5 miles over, from all which the curious may thereby with more redinesse estimate the compasse thereof. The borders The bounds and limitts of this shire I find to haue bin alwayes certaine, lying all along Essex towards the south, as much uppon Norfolk towards the north, at the one end though nott in so long a space uppon Cambridge¬ shire on the west, and the other end with a far longer way towards the Fiemmish Sea, on the east, and that so nere, as such as did inhabit the inland country 12 miles from the sea, might easily in that late seige of Ostend Anno [ ] very often times heare that earth and sea quaking sound of the Cardinals cannons, wdien with his insensate fury hee vncharitably raged against so silly an enemy. THE BORDERS 7 To sliew you now how the land of this east side lyeth fashioned, I must first tell you that towards Essex somewhat southward, this continent within a very little space as within [ ] miles, receiveth 3 inletts, the first and greatest called the Stoure which divideth those parts from Essex, the other nott past a mile of is called the Vre, from whence after the foreland hath marched somewhat circularly aboutt [ ] miles, it meeteth with the Deave inlett, after the abandoning whereof, the headland runneth full north, vntill it cometh to Orford haven, where incountering with two other inletts after you have doubled the point at Orford, the maine land trendeth full north east to Aldborough, Dunwich and Sowowld, where passing by another inlett into the Oockell ryver the shore extendeth into the sea like vnto a promontory or cape which here is called Easton nesse, and so still trendeth northward vntill it cometh to Lestoft, where it maketh another little cape or point, which having once doubled the land, in fleeing manner goeth back from the sea vntill it hath determined his vttermost limitts at the great and broad sea at Yar¬ mouth, where the Ryver of Hierre devideth Suffolk from Norfolk. The severall Ryvers Butt to come more neerly and to shew in what sort this Country is devided from the bordering shires it is to bee vnderstood that there bee two ryvers the one called the Ouse which is the lesser by some called the Dune, the other the Waueney, both which arising almost out of 8 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK one head between Lopham and Poord and running cleane contrary courses doe devide tliis shire from Norfolk. The Waveney The Waueney taking thus his beginning runneth east¬ ward passeth by Sturston, after which nott far from Ocly it receiveth a Ryvelett called the Eye, whose beginning being about Ockolde, running by Aye, Broome and Ocley, falleth into the Waveney which here forward continueth his course by Sylam, Plyxton, Bungay, Beckles, vntill receiving Mylford water, it still passeth along by Somerley, Horningfleet and St. Olaves, where receiving Preston brooke, it at length cometh to Burgh Castle, where meeting with the navigable Hierre, they wander embracing each other, vntill they fall together into the sea neer Yarmouth. The Ouse The Ouse of some called the Dune, from his head runneth westward by Thelnetham, Hopton, Knattes hall, and Ewstou, where it entereth on another ryvolett descending from two heads, whereof the one beginneth nott far from Pakenham, the other neer Tostock, which vniting aboutt Jkesworth goe to Bardwel, Pakenham and so into the Dune at Ewston, from whence this Dune runneth to Thetford, to Downham (from which town it taketh the name of the Dune as many suppose) and so to Brandon never ceasing vntill it joyneth it selfe with the great Ouze. THE SBVERALL RYVERS 9 The Dale The west part of Suffolk is for the most part devided from Cambridge shire, by the ryver of Dale whose beginning is aboutt Oatteledge, from whence it goeth by Ashely, Daleham (of whom many doe conjecture that this ryver deryveth his name) Molton, Kenford, Kennett and Worlington, nott far from whence embracing a ryvolett called the Burne, they poure outt their streames together into the great Ouze, which hastning to Ely in Cambridge shire, from thence runneth into the sea at Lynne in Norfolke. The Burne This Burne ariseth nott far from Burne Bradfeild from which goeing by Wheltham, Noughton, St. Edmunds Bury, the 3 ffornhams, Hengrave, Plempton, Lackford, Jclingham and Mildenhall, beneath the which it enter- taineth the Dale with whom vnited it falleth into the great Ouze as hath been sayd. There is also on the west part of Suffolk next unto the borders of Cambridge¬ shire a little streame or ryvolett (though in summer often dry) which beginning about great Bradley and passing by Thirlow, Wratting and Kedington at the length falleth into a lake nott far from Stoure meare. The Stoure This lake of 20 acres in compasse at the least is the head and source of that great ryver of Stoure which B 10 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK devidetli Suffolk from Essex, from this poole or lake it taketh his course ever eastward, passing by Stoke, Glare, Cavendish, Meiford, Sudbury, Cornard, Buers, Nayland, Stratford, Oattiwade bridge vntill it sheddeth it selfe into the Flemmish Ocean between Harwich and Orwell haven. Clarus Now on the North or Suffolk side this ryver for his great enlargement and beauty receiveth divers ryvoletts, the first whereof aryseth at Poslingford (called in old time Oeuxis as some imagine) butt more truely Olarus from the cleernes of the streame, hideth it selfe in the Stoure on the east side of Glare making a right angle in the point of a ruinous Castle. The next ryver arising from two heads the one at Wickham brooke, the other at Chedber do after a while congratulate each other aboutt Stanfeild from which passing by Hawkeden, Somerton, and Boxted, they doe at the length joyne with the Stoure at Meiford. Another ryver taking his source from betwixt the Waldingfeilds, trendeth by Edwardston, Boxford, Foisted and Stoke falleth into the Stoure right against Boxsted in Essex. The fifth beginneth north west of Cockfeild and run¬ neth to Lavenham, Brent-Ely, monkes Ely and Chels- worth, where at the bridge it enterteyneth another ryver or smal current called from antiquity Walshams ryver coming from Preston and Kettlebarston thus passing forward, yett nott the vttermost bounds of the towne. THE SBVBRALL RYVERS 11 butt it receiveth a second streame called in old time the Bretton coming from Brettenham, Hitcliam and Bildeston, soon after the which, this ryver continueth his course to Nedging Seamer bridge, Aldham, Hadley, Layham, Shelley Higham, and so openeth it selfe into the swift running Stoure. The next that runneth into the Stoure is a very smal brooke which cometh from Oapel. The last ariseiug between Oapel and Bentley, runneth by Tatiston, Holbrooke, and Stutton where it saluteth the Stoure. Cockell There remaineth yett something to bee spoken of those brookes and streames which ariseiug from the inward parts of this County doe discend into the Ocean whereof the one is called the Cockell borrowing his name from Cokely towue neer vnto the which it ariseth, and so goeth to Hallesworth where it meeteth with another brooke coming from Wissett, thus speeding to Wen- haston and Blighborrow it bequeathes it selfe into the bottome of the deep sea northward from Walderswick. So likewise into this haven do two other little brookes flow, the one coming southward from Dunwich, the other northward from Easton and Sowolde. The Foord The next ryver called the foord riseth at Yoxford, passeth by Poordly and Theberton vntill at Mismere haven it doth yeild it selfe into the ocean. 12 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK As wee doe discend lowarde into the inward of this country wee find another speciall ryver called of old time Promus who making his beginning at Tattiugton and Framingham discendeth to Marlesford and so of the south east of Farneham eiitertaynetli another ryver called the Gleme which cometh from Rendlesham and both the Glemhams thus passing forth to Snapbridge it imbraceth another ryver coming from Carlton by Sax- mundham and so continuing his course by Yken receiveth a third smal brooke, with all which accompanied it fetcheth a great compasse towards Aldborough and Sud- burne, at tlie length dedicates it selfe into the broad sea at Orford. So likewise nott far of another current flowing from Ohillesford and Butley doth here hide it selfe in the deep sea. The Deane To come vnto the Deane ryver, which ariseth about Debenham from whence it flowetli full east to Mickfeild, Winston, Orettingham, Letheringham, Wickham, where then turning full South, it passeth by Rendlesham, Vfford !Melton and Woodbridge, beneath the which it enter- tayneth a brooke arising of two heads the one by Otely the other south of Henly, which vnitiug west of Martles- liam soon after meeteth with the Deane which thus accompauyed passeth forward to Waldringfeild, Hemley where swallowing up Brightwel brooke, it never ceaseth vntill leaving Baudsey on the east it falleth into the ocean at Baudsey Haven. THE COMMODITIES FROM THE SOITUATION 13 Oru'el The last river on this side, is the Vre who taking his scource about Bacton, runneth to Stow, beneath the which after it hath received the brooke coming from Ratlesden and Onehouse, it hasteneth to Needham, Blakenham, Bramford, Jpswich receiving beneath Stoke south from Ipswich the Ohatsham Water and Belsted thus never ceaseth vntill it drovvnetli it selfe in the bottomlesse well in the mouth of the Haven named of old from the said ryver Vrewell haven, butt in these dayes Orewell haven. The commodities from the Scituation It is nott amongest the least, for which tins shire is indebted to nature, to receive so fitt a scituation, that so quickly and commodiously it can vent and make returne of such commodities which it aflordeth, for if navigable ryvers, diversitie of commodious havens, for exportation and importation, neernesse vnto the quickest and readiest marketts of best trade, and with as little pirrill and smal charge as any other shire may bee justly acknowledged the sole meanes of a proflttable and commodious scitua¬ tion, then shall this shire of all such as truely know it, justly deserve that true commendation. I must confesse as all other earthly benefitts are accompanied with some incommodities, for it is objected it lyeth open and is ready for forreigne invasion, there bee so many havens, harbours, creekes, and other places of ready discent, that the enemy is soon entered, and this is more con- 14 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK firmed by the frequent proofe of the silly Dunkirkes who before the peace concluded between Spaine and England, robbed our shores, came into our havens, and carried away our loden vessels, rifling often times whole townes: Butt that which is common to all other sea bordering shires (as what shore is free from their insulting, audacious, and their furtive preying) ought nott here to bee reckned as a perticuler incommoditie, neither may those furtive assaults, with a more momentary returne bee reputed as a warlike invasion, which whensoever it shall bee effected, by that time the invaders meet with our deep myrie soyle, our narrow and fowle lanes, our manifold inclosures, severed with so many deep ditches, hedges, and store of wood, bushes and trees, seing the impassablenesse of this Country, with any martiall forces, albeit there were noe other meanes of resistance, they will have just cause to repent their rashnesse. The discommodities of the soyle Whereas it is said, being so seated as this country is nere the hart of the Realme, peopled as it is in the fatt of the laud, which is a sufficient cause for the encrease of the great wealtli, if trouble some times of domesticall insurrections, or civill devisions, should betide, it cannott bee butt that it should bee sooner desired, quicklyer spoyled, rifled, and overcome than any other remoter place should bee. THE DISCOMMODITIES OF THE SOITE 15 The discommodities of the scite To this as it is great folly to withstand whatsoever cannott be eschewed, so it is as great discretion wisely to vndergoe whatsoever is of necessity fore ordained, when such occasions doe befall bad is his inarkett that maketh the best, yett former experience hath sufficiently confirmed that in the highest extremity of such miser¬ able events (which noe Country is att all times free from) the parts have alwayes so wisely governed and sheltered themselves from the rage of such tempests that howsoever the winds have swelled and stormed, yett they have ever safely guided there bark to their wished port. There bee some shires in this realrne which do reckon their far distance from their Court for a high commoditie, thereby misliking other parts neerer seated within the view of the same in respect they are ever¬ more groaning vnder the remedylesse burden of the oppressing purveyors and takers. True it is there is noe lawes how upright soever butt throw abuse may vndergoe a blemish. The fertility of this soile for variety of provision, the neernesse of this country for neer and ready carriage, the fittnes of our havens for quick con¬ veyance of the same hath emboldned such officers far to exceed their commission, the redresse whereof many finding it impossible, others so difficult and therewithall so chargeable hath caused nott onely this country, butt divers others to cry outt full loud of such monstruous vexation, which att length coming to her majesties vnderstanding, for further preventing whereof signified 16 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK her princely mind was, in regard of hir household pro¬ vision, to have from every shire a generall contribu¬ tion, for which end commissioners in every shire being appointed, there was composition made for a proportion- able rate for the 1593 which kind of composition to endure vntill the Country otherwise desired, howbeit after divers consultations, the composition still con- tinueth, and the rates which yearly have been since agreed upon and payd towards the provision of his Majesties house-hold according as the prices of things fell outt, to bee yearly in value so neer as I could learne amounted each year to these sumes here following, as they bee here sett done with the Compounders for each yeares provision towards her Majestie’s house-hold. The first meeting about Queen Elizabeth’s house-hold provision was at Stow markett Sept: 12^’’ 1592. The first warrants for Composition mony was aboutt the 4*''* Aug: 1593. For composition mony for one year to begin the 20“* of July. Compounder then supposed S*' Robert Jermyn K 1594. S*' Phillip Parker K‘ and Edward Grimston Esq"^ com¬ pounders with S’" John Heigham K‘ 1595. S"^ Phillip Parker lU compounder, 1596 and 1597. The first Orders about the composition 28^*^ September in the 40 year of Queen Elizabeth. Vpon our first meeting at Stow markett the day and year above written, wee the Justices of the County of Suff., whose names are here vnder written, advicedly considering (whether it is fittest for the quiet and THE DISCOMMODITIES OP THE SOITE 17 benefltt of this County to liolcl the composition made for the delivery of provision of victuals for her Majesties most honorable household, or to leave it to the purveyors to take provision according to her IMaJesties lawes, and so to give warning for the dissolving of the composition) doe assent and agree for this one yeare ensueing that the composition shall hold. And that the same mony bee performed with the most benefltt of the County, wee doe agree that order shall bee taken according to our vsuall divisions that for this present year there shall be levied by the feast of the Nativity of Christ next the siime of vj® ij' xvj®, which shall bee for one whole yeare to pay and make provision of all sorts of victuals that are to bee delivered, which is litt to be expressed in our warrant, and in each warrant to bee made for the Leavy of mony, both that the County may know that such leavy serveth for one whole yeare to bee ended at the feast of the Nativity of our Lord God 1599. And that in regard of negligent payment heretofore the County hath been putt to a generall losse, which now is fitt to bee ju’evented, the payment to begin on Satter- day next ensueing twelfe day next at M"" Scryveners house in Ipswich. And because the care hereof is to bee committed to one sufficient man, who having mony in his hands may make provision so timely as the same may bee bought and provided for att the best and easiest prices, wee therefore doe desire that John Wentworth, Esq"® shall for this yeare take uppon him that charge as may c 18 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK bee Attest for the service of hir Majesty and easy for the Country. And because this Gent: now desired to take care of this service upon him, shall nott bee wearied in the same, wee agree that hee shall nott (without his voluntary consent) stay in the execution of this service butt for the time of one year within which wee now present doe promise for our selfes yearly upon the 28*'** day of September if itt bee nott Sunday (if Sunday) then the day before to meet at Stow markett, and there to Consider of the continuance of this composition, and if agreeing therevnto, then to appoint some other of the Justices to take the care of the service for one yeare following, and to take the account of the former Gentle¬ man, and so yearly to bee observed during continuance of the composition. Further it is consented that if the mony precepted to be collected shall willfully bee witliliolden, and nott payd as it ought to bee, that the Justices of peace within whose devision such refusers shall dwell, shall nott onely have care to see Arst that the rate assessed upon such refusers bee equall and indiAerent, and therefore in this service to looke to the rates imposed by the high con¬ stables. But also that the service mony bee the better provided by such Justices, shall see the mony within ten dayes after such refusal to bee payd to the Gentleman that hath the care of the provision for the time being, and shall further bind such refusers with sureties, to appeare att the next Sessions within those limitts which such refusers doe dwell, to move them to conformity, which if they shall nott yeild vnto, then to bind such THE DISCOMMODITIES OP THE SOITE 19 refusers to appeare before the Lords of the Oounsell or Officers of the green cloth at the Court to answere such contempt. And because the greatest greife of many of the inhabi¬ tants of this County, in misliking the composition, doe arise from the vnequall imposition of the rates by the high constables, wee doe order for our selves present and doe desire the Justices absent to call in their severall divisions the high constables before them, and to see to the rates of every towne that indiflerency may be used as it outt to bee. Phillip Parker John Gylbert Anthony Felton Rob*® Jermyn Thomas Kempe Mathew Crocheroode Willia Spring Anthony Wingfeild Thomas Ryvett Edward Bacon John Higham William Clopton Wheat 100 qrtens at 40® the quartern . Butter 40 barrells at 25® the barrell Bacon 40 flitches at 5® the flitch Capons 20 doz: hens 4 doz: chickens 100 doz: and pulletts 4 doz: VealesSOO: at 10® a peice . Porkes 60 at 8® 4‘' a peice Styrkes 30 at 23® 4‘* a peice . Boares 6 att 20® a peice Wax 600''^: at 6‘’ the pound . Suni, 602 16 0 200 00 00 050 00 00 010 00 00 110 00 00 150 00 00 025 00 00 035 00 00 006 00 00 026 16 00 20 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK 1598 John Wentworth Esq*^ compounder £ s d 1599 John Gurdon Esq'' compounder . . 602 16 0 1600 Thomas Plater Esq'' compounder 1601 Rob* Gosnoll Esq'' compounder 1602 Thomas Eden Esq'^ compounder 1603 William Brook Esq'' compounder . . 551 16 0 1604 Thomas Dade Gent: compounder 1605 William Brooke Esq' compounder 1606 William Brook Esq' compounder Rob* Lane Gent: comimunder John Lane Gent: compounder George Ooppin compounder . 800 00 00 Rob* Gosnall Esq' compounder . . £732 Rob* Bright Esq' compounder . 600 00 00 Samuell Colman Gent: compounder . £800 John Feltam Gent: compounder . . 800 00 00 Thomas Gawyn Gent: coinpounder . 800 Thomas Gawyn Gent: compounder . 800 00 00 Thomas Macroe Gent: compounder Thomas Macroe Gent: compounder Besides these proportions which may give the judicious a sufficient estimate of the fertilitie and oppulency of this country, the provision for the victualling of the Royall Navy in Queen Elizabeths dayes was yearly from these parts for the greatest part furnished. Over and besides the yearly provision of Oates for her majesties stable which before the year 1585, that auxiliary forces were sent from hence to the Netherland warres, were never from these parts fetched or furnished. A LEARNED MINISTRY 21 A learned Ministry I know the adversary obtrudeth other derrogatoryes to this County, butt being nott worth the answere I passe them by: to overgoe aii which whatsoever, the Lord hath voutsafed many singuiar benefltts as proper to this country among which this one is nott the ieast, the great number of religious, grave, reverend, and learned ministers of Gods holy word, which are planted in this sliire, travel¬ ling in the Lords harvest, with sound doctrine and upright life, from whence the Bishop of this Diocesse hath often said that hee was verily perswaded that there was never a Bishop in this Realme, nay in Europe, having respect to the smal extent of his Diocesse, that had so grave, so learned and judicious a ministry as hee had, but especially in this County, which I shall speake to the sole glory of God, the onely author thereof, whom I earnestly entreat that wee may bring forth some more fruit, which so mighty meanes requireth, to the end that at the latter day it doth nott stand up to condemne us, I acknowledge here bee some yett defectiue, some which say nott, and some which say and doe nott, butt though Judas mis¬ carried the rest of the Appostles were thereby nothing blemished, so though there bee many counterfeit, lett nott the good thereby bee suspected, or want their due commendation. Clothing Another large benefitt wherewith this County is furnished is the excellent commoditie of clothing, which 22 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK of long time liatli here flourished, enriching the Country and bringing there vnto nott a little praise and commen¬ dation. Now as the numbers of this trade are many, so are there clothes distributed into severall kinds, both for size, proportion culler and mixture all which being wrought and made up, are vented by the marchant into all parts of the world. Jt is observed that these artificers doe sett many poore persons a-worke which other wise knew nott how to live, especially of the women kind, whereof whole villages and townes, doe live and maintaine themselves by spinning, that know nott else what to doe to gett their living, in this trade it is reckoned that hee which maketh ordinaryly 20 broad cloathes every weeke, cannott sett so few a-worke as 500 persons, for by that time his wool is come home, and is sorted, saymed, what with breakers, dyers, wood setters, wringers, spinners, weavers, burlers, Sheermen, and carriers, besides his owne large family, the number will soon bee accomplished, some there bee that weekly sett more a-worke, butt of this number there are nott many, yett every for his rate, as his stock, creditt, knowledge, and diligence will serve, by reason whereof it is commonly observed that the country where these clothiers are seated, is better peopled and more inriched, then other parts where noe clothing is occupied. Againe at this day there is another kind of this trade, nott long since found outt, by which many of the poorer sort are much sett a-worke, and with far more profitt as they say, this trade is commonly called Kembing. The artificers hereof doe furnish themselves with CLOTHING—THE AIRE 23 great store of wool, every one so far as his ability will extend. This wool they sort vnto many severall purposes, being washed, scoured, kembed and trimmed, they putt it outt to spinning, of which they make a line thred according to the sort of the wool, of these spinners (for that the gaine of this worke is so advantageable and cleanly in respect of the clothing spinning, which is so vncleane, so laboursome, and with so smal earnings) they have more which offer themselves, than there can att all times worke be provided for, now when their wooll is made into yarne, they weekly carry it to London, Norwich, and other such places, where it is ever readily sold to those who make hereof all sortes of fringes, stuffes and many other things which att this day are used and worne. The Aire To come now to the temperature of this country, which though it is nott in all places alike, yett it is commonly esteemed that the aire is as sweet and healthfull generally, as in any other country whatsoever, butt that part which extendeth it selfe towards the champaine is deemed to bee the purest, as well purged and refined with the northerne blasts, where the aire being somewhat peircing is deemed very apt and fltt for recovery of health in decayed bodies, for which cause it is well obserued that the physitians from the vniversitie have prescribed vnto their sick patients to live in this aire, where they haue confined their habitations, for and 24 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK vntill their recovery. And of all other places especially at and ahoutt St. Edmunds Bury, the other parts inclining towards the sea coast, though the aire here is uott esteemed so pure by reason of those winds which blow from the sea, and so are deemed vnwholesome. And albeit the sea with the marshes and fenns, doe vent in summer poysened aire, vapours and fogges, and in winter cold exhalations and mists, then the which nothing is more enemie to the health of man or beast, yett all these are corrected, and refined by the east winds, which being the healthfullest quarter, and coming from the sea so purgeth and cleaneth the aire, that by reason thereof it is made pure, subtle and very health- fiill. The other parts of the shire remote from the Sea and amongst the inclosures doe every where carry sufficient arguments of a most healthfull and temperate clymate as the severall habitations of so many gentle¬ men in every place scituated so curiously and preserved so carefully do sufficiently testifie. Now if the temperature of the aire serveth much for the fruitfullness of the ground, as it hath bin a common received opinion from all antiquitie, then no doubt butt nature who striving to beautifie all her creatures with so many excellent ornaments, hath herein had a principall care, to adorne this her particular workmanship, even as with a crowne besett with many rare precious stones, or as a garland bedecked with infinite flowers of most delightfull regard and sweet smelling savour, all which the fattnes of the ground and richness of the soyle here doth sufliciently affirme, when from the same so many THE EVBNNES OP THE COUNTRY 25 diversities of sundry fruits, and commodities in each season of the year doe arise. These seasons as nature hath foreordained them for the setting forth of her best Jewells to the use of man: so this shire being scituate more eastward than divers shires of this Realme saluteth the gladsome spring, visiting these parts somewhat more timely than in other westerne parts, entertaineth the welcome summer which with a most mild course lovingly nourisheth, and kindly ripneth all sorts of fruits, to the end that the joyfull harvest, and collection of the earth’s benefitts may bee in the best and fittest time, which is ordinarily finished some three weekes before St. Michael, vnlesse some latesome yeares fall outt, tlie winter though it bee often sharp, and enduring, yett it is never so violent and stormy as in other places, by reason whereof all things haue the full of their naturall and timely growth withoutt any lett or hinderance of the same. The evennes of the Country This Country delighting in a continuall evenes and plainnes is void of any great hills, high mountaines, or steep rocks, notwithstanding the which it is nott alwayes so low, or flatt, butt that in every place, it is severed and devided with little hills easy for ascent, and pleasant Ryvers watering the low valleys, with a most beautifull prospect which niinistreth vnto the inhabitants a full choyce of healthfull and pleasant situations for their seemly houses. D 26 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK The soyle The soyle it selfe receiveth nott in every place one certaine kind, butt in some places as among the inclosures it is heavy with clay, and sometimes entermixed with chalke in other places as ueerer the champion it is lighter with a sandy and variable earth, and in those clay countries where the ground is so heavie the best husbands withoutt six strong horses in one plow will nott till their land, so that generally, the country in winter time out of the common roads is very foule. Butt nature hath countervailed this defect with a naturall fatnes, and richnes in the soile; whereby each part is endowed most plentifully: for those parts inclin¬ ing to the east having sufficient tillage, abound with all meadow and pasture by reason whereof their greatest commodities are raised by feeding and grasing, the other parts westward towards the champion having sufficient meddow, aboundance of tillage, and feeding of many sheep, doe from hence raise their greatest profitts. The midle parts of the country are rich in pasture and plenty of meddowes butt their chiefest is come grounds from all which riseth the gain that fllleth their purses. Minerals Whilest I further proceed in this discription, I could never learne or read that any minerals were found in this country, how great soever the desire of some hath MINERALS 27 bin to search the hidden entrails of the earth in her deepest bosome for gaine; yett I have heard that in ancient time there was a mine of Gold oare about Banketon in Hertismere hundred, butt the experience of this dayly so much contrarying the same, made mee to receive it butt as an vuprobable heare say. Thus hath nature supplying us otherwise with a more ample countervaile, justly denied us the benefitt of any minerals or mettals within this country. Stone Neither is heere to bee found any quarries of stone for the use of building, our best stone is that smooth peple which serveth us for paving of courts and streets, and is either gathered in the plowed feilds, or fetched from the brookes, and ryvers, where throw the extremity of the current it is washed outt of the bankes or else brought from the sea shores, where at every tide it is washed and driven up through the violence of the waves, and surges of the sea beating up the same. From these senceles things, order now requireth to carry my steps to things of life, and vegitable, where in the first place, if I should spcake of the infinite change of delightfull flowers, which by the skill of the curious gardiner are in every place growing, or of the super¬ numerary variety of most wholesome and sweet smelling herbes, which the wild feilds and pleasant gardens most plentifully affords to the curious searching herbalist, or if I should touch butt one part of the endles choice of 28 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK the well pleasing and inticing fruits which our orchards do bring forth, the least of these would require an ample treatise of it selfe all which omitting as nott much materiall, though full of great delight, and discending to things of more common benefitt, and necessary use, and estimation, it followeth in the first place to speake of our come and tillage as our greatest commodity withoutt which wee could nott live. Come Since experience first taught the necessary use of come and tillage for the sustentation of this earthly life, there is I am perswaded no country, butt hath improved to the vttermost the enclination of their soile therevnto, so againe since the excellent Orator Oycero first did teach, that of all things whereof any commodity is to bee gotten, nothing could be better for the state of a freeman, or more commodious in a common wealth than husbandry, or tillage of ground, vnto the which all sorts ought to sett their hands, both for the necessity of sustentation vnto life, because without the same wee cannott live, as also for that it yeilds a most plentifull and honest gaine without deceit or lying. This hath moved many of our ancestors most painfully to bee travelling that way, and in the latter times, though the earth through extreme age is become less fruitfull then in former times, hath moved all mankind, so long as nature cannott bee maintained without the same, to bee ever industrious in that most profittable vnderstand- OORNE 29 ing, from whence this County naturally ever fertile hath alwayes yeilded to the painfull husbandman a rich increase of graine; by reason whereof this country so abounding hath evermore had sufficient to feed the populous number of ther owne inhabitants, even in the scarcest yeares, albeit the superfluous expence in all sorts dimiuisheth their store often times very much, upon which the greedy covetuous marchaut, presently to supply his neighbours or countries wants, furnishes the ports from forregne parts with graine, whereas if there was a wary regard in all sort to prevent the wastfull expence, and with a heedfull care that it should nott passe from our ports to seeke vent in forregne coasts, as oftentimes by stealth it doth, it could nott bee butt that our owne home store would suffice to keep us, with a plentifull supply vnto our bordering neighbours. Now as this Country is different in soile, so is it variable, in producing of his fruits, those parts inclining to the east commonly called high Suffolk, do especially and cheifely consist upon pasture and feeding, contenting themselves onely, with so much tillage as will sattisfie their owne expences. The midle parts although enjoy¬ ing much meddow and pasture, yett far more tillage doe from thence raise their clieifest maintenance. The westerne parts ether wholly champion or neer, the feilding abounding by tillage and flockes of sheep, doe from thence emprove their greatest commodities, the husbandman before hee can tast the fruits of his labour endureth much travel, for before hee can rightly pre¬ pare his ground, plow it well, composse it fittly, sow it 30 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK seasonably, and reap it in due time, bee passeth a long tedious course with much expence, for in the heavyest grounds scarce six horses of good strength can furnish one plow, who in the latter end of March beginning to break up their lands to fallow doe never cease vntill by twy fallowing, try fallowing, compossing, and some¬ times four-fallowing, they have sowne their rye, mislin, and wheat, or else have layd up their laud for barly, which in March or April following they sow in those lands thus summer tilled. Having thus toyled for one yeares crop the farmer that hath hired his farme for a time now almost expired. Having oiiely respect for his owue profitt taketh a second and a third crop, which seldome quiteth his charge, whereas the good husband, that ever desireth to make his crop certaine, and to cherish the ground for the time to come, taketh seldome above two crops, and often butt one crop, whereby hee is ever sure of a good crop, which though it happeneth to prove cheap, yett being plentifull far exceedeth for profitt the proportion of other yeares when come is att a higher price. Having thus done to give more strength and courage to his ground, hee giveth the same another summer tilth, which though for every acre it may stand him above 26% yett is hee thus commonly sure of a good crop of cleane graine, for the diversitie of graine being as in other places, every one is sowed in his season, and in a fitt ground according to his value. HOPPS 31 Hopps I may nott here next to the come omitt to speake of our hopps, which when tliey were first perceived to delight in our soile, well was hee that could entertaine this plant, and of many, even in the best meadow ground which they had, they sett it, where in short time it mightyly increased, others draining vnprofltable marshes and moores proved to plant there, which likewise brought great profitt and aboundance, othersome being desirous to be partakers of that fruit, which they saw so many enriched withall, as also for the supply of their owne expence, planted nott in good ground, butt in the best which they had or could spare, which was somewhat dry or hard, and so oftentimes mett with a sufficient crop and gaine. Thus whilst this kind of commodity thrived excellently well, and brought forth such profitt to the owners, that many in short time proved wealthy thereby, many leaving theire wonted trade, betooke themselves onely to bee hoppe masters, as tlie tytle was then given them, in which new found mistery of planting, setting, drying and trimming they employed themselves wholly: supposing thereby to extract more than an Indian quint¬ essence, for whilst in those times the marketts and faires proved quick, and Sturbridge, London, and the westerne parts vented whatsoever this or any other country could bring forth, there sprung up a new com¬ pany, some from London, some from other parts called hoppe merchants: these prying into the last yeares store then remaining, diligently harkening from beyond the 32 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK sea what likely hood there was from those parts, and carefully looking into every garden, and hop yard here at home, in what towardnesse they stood, comparing the former yeares experience, with the time present, at length with themselves resolved and concluded of a price, who travelling into the Country where these hopps were, they offered to the owners at their owne doors, either for those remaining or for new at the next gathering to come. The great desire of this commodity at home by the marchants, made the inhabitants every way as de¬ sirous for their supply, and thus whilst every one sought to bee inriched with this comodity, see how they were contraried in their excessive desires. First such grounds as were any wayes fltt for this purpose were raised and lett att most exceeding high rates; both roots and pooles double encreased their wonted prizes, workman¬ ship proved more chargeable then formerly. And yett when the owner lookt to have all these richly recom¬ pensed with a plentifull crop, behold such was the influence of the heavens, and the vnkindnesse of the Sea¬ sons these sundry yeares past, that in the best grounds hopps failed; the prizes fell and the markett abated, w'hich when the owner perceived, reckning therewithal! his great charge, with most vncertaiu gaine, (if not certaine losse) gave up this new trade, by reason whereof this kind of commodity is now come to decay in these parts, I know nott what this last yeares price 1602 of hopps at 10£ (the like never before heard) may allure some to allure their former experiments. Butt the decay of woods for poals, with the vsuall charge, and WOOD—TIMBER 33 the vncertainty of the profitt, especially other countries being now replenished with hopps, hath made the generall care here to bee onely for the home expence, and that upon wast grounds otherwise nott to bee employed. Wood The fewell which in all places here groweth for the full supply of our expence is wood of all sorts, plentifull enough in every place, save towards the Champion, where for that it is nott so commonly growing exceedeth other places in price, butt the necessity and want thereof daily growing, and feared more generally hereafter occasioneth divers now for sparing the remaining store, which negligent carlessenes of former times had vn- advisedly consumed, to suply their expence with sea cole, either from the next port or navigable river. Timber So likewise for timber, I confesse now nothing so plentifull as of late dayes, what with multiplicity of curious buildings, variety of costly shipping, where with all along our ports, our country is served most comodi- ously, with the endlesse wars of this latter age, and lastly with the continuall desire of Marchants in travers¬ ing all the countries and kingdomes of this inferiour world for gain, hath almost vtterly consumed our timber, a decay long since espied, butt hereafter will bee more bewailed, vnlesse there be some universall care some E 34 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK waies to repaire so important a mine, whereof there is noe great likelyhood, since generally there is more respect to a present private benefltt how smal soever, than to the great advantage of the comon wealth hereafter. Of things lohich breath life Thus leaving here further to discourse of things vegi- table, I thinke it now fitt to turne my whole speech some what to note out those creatures which Hue by breathing ; wherein omitting all sorts of venemous wormes, as the adder, snake, and slow worme, with that most noysome breed of ratts, so chaced and persecuted by the quick nimble footed catt. I will lett passe likewise all sorts of beasts here bred serving for veuery as Badgers, Otters, and Foxes not so coihon as in other places, sett for the most part so generally hiirtfull: for where hee marcheth he is infinitely pursued for his manifold robberies and murders, how bee it in many places scaued and favored of Gentlemen of the better sort, nott upon any hope that they will at any time prove good members for the common wealth, butt onely for the maintenance of their game and sport, which they are perswaded would be much in this kind shortned, if they should suffer so antient a family by such a vniversall conspiracy totally to be extinguished, supposing hereby it to be more policy to keep the souldier here at home in some practise against the time of a forraiue invasion, then by the total abolition of so peevish an adversary to haue all domesticall discipline overthrowne by Security, HARES—CONIES—DEER 35 Hares So againe I meane to passe by the hare tlie cheife sport of the yeomanry, most clelightfull for their chace, especi¬ ally when necessity teacheth the practise of so many subtill shifts for safety of life to escape the fury of so many devouring adversaries. Conies Of the harmlesse Conies, which do delight naturally to make their aboad here, I must say somewhat more, for their great increase, with rich profitt for all good house keepers, hath made every one of any reckoning to prepare fitt harbour for them, with great welcome and entertain¬ ment, from whence it proceeds that there are so many warrens here in every place, which do furnish the next marketts, and are carried to London with noe little reckoning, from whence it is that there is none who deeme their houses well seated, who have nott to the same belonging a comon wealth of Conies, neither can hee bee deemed a good house keeper that hath not plenty of these at all times to furnish his table. Deer For deer this Country cannott glory of so many parkes as it was wont to have, the necessities of this latter age hath given such a downfall of the pleasures of this kind, that necessary profitt is had in a more general estimation: many are of opinion that the Romans were the first who 36 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK brought deer into this land, and that first inclosed parkes: which were afterwards overthrowne againe by the Danes and Saxons and so continued vntill the coming of the Normans, at which time there were noe parkes left in England as our histories do testifie. Butt amongst other calamities which the Normans added to the servitude of this nation, this was nott the least, that for the main¬ tenance of their venery they overthrew whole townes, and villages, which they did enclose for their game, of which they made men of the best sort to become their keepers: and so these parkes have continued with us to these latter times. But when reason and daily experience had so long taught what store of ground was employed uppon so vain a commodity, and how many occupiers dwelled sometimes within the compasse of one parke, whereby great plenty of come and cattle were seen to bee diminisht with the copious procreation of humane issue: by reason whereof the prince was vnfurnished for his wars, and other occasions, being not able to lead so many men into the feild as his predecessors had done, withoutt hire of forraine aid, whose supplies were deemed more hurtfull than profittable. In time parkes were layd open, and so in every succeeding age as the desire of profitt increased more parkes were disparked than newly inclosed. In this latter age, and so chargeable a world when necessity teacheth every one to emprove his owne to the best avayle, many of our greatest parkes are layd open, where now many families with husbandry and tillage are maintained. The number of our parkes remain¬ ing are very few, and I thinke daily will grow fewer, for THE HOGGE 37 many of tlie greater sort hold it good policy to have noe parkes of their owne, whereby to bee readier furnisht from the supply of others, and as many do think to eat more venison at their owne tables, than such as have parkes of their owne. Thus parkes growing here very few (though some doe inclose smal grounds for their owne vse) the course of the world being that when things are scarcest then are they most desired: so yett at this day this kind of provision was never more desired, and the owners of it never more importuned: whose kind desire to satisfle every owne is sure to leave to themselves the least benefitt of their owne store. The Hogge To proceed to other beasts of more common vse for the nourishment of man and furnishing of good house-keepers tlie hogge hath the next place in this breviary, for what with the great multitude of Milch Cattle which are here daily fed and maintained, especially in high Suffolk, upon which depends the swines cheifest maintenance and keeping, and what with the great quantity of mast or acorns especially in fruitfull yeares: here are such very great numbers of all sorts of hogs kept and brought up, that besides the large expence of that sort of meat at home, which very liberally furnisheth the meaner sort the greatest part of the year, here are very many severall droves of hoggs sold to furnish the marketts at London and there abouts, over and besides a very great number which yearly are spent in victualling of ships here at home and the Navy and fleets abroad in other shires. 38 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Sheep Albeit that the home bred sheep of this shire do nott compare in greatnesse of their mould, with those of the inlands of this Island especially in those parts of this country which is towards the heath and barren Champion, and where our greatest numbers of flocks bee, yett in respect of the richnesse of the soile which breeds the finest wool, the fleece is fine, the flesh is sweet, soon fatt, ready for breed, and ever bringing great profltt to the owner, as is well knowne to those parts next the Champaine whose cheifest wealth ariseth from flockes of sheep. Goat As for the goat hee is a stranger with us, hee likes nott our fatt fertile soile, hee comes from our western parts, where hee delights in the hungry feed amongst the sharp rockes, and steep mountaines, hee is very seldome with us, vnlesse, some for rarity and pleasure doe entertaine them, or for phisicks severall vses do maintaine and breed them. Bullock Whitest I thus search into the variety of profittable beasts which this country affords, I may nott here omitt the huge number of bullocks, which partly of our owne breed, and partly brought in great droves from the best faires, famous in this respect throughoutt the land are yearly by our grasiers fed, and soon returned to their BULLOCK 39 exceeding benefitt and profltt, by which as the fertility of this soile is much perceived, so is the richnesse of it more bewrayed, when as I doe remember that great number of large dairies of most goodly milch cattle which in every place are kept, but especially in the cheife parts of this shire tending to the East, more naturally given to meddow, pasture and feeding than the rest of the shire, in all which is here much excellent cattle reared up yearly both for breed, labour, and feeding, butt omitting those for draught and stall, wherein they are made most serviceable for the necessary vse of man, and tilling of the ground: I will rest longer upon the milch kine, whose first breed coming from other harder and barrener countries, doe here so thriue with the fatnes of the soile, and grow with the temperature of the aire, that such cattle as are of those, in these parts ordinarily bred are every wayes if nott superiour, yett equivalent with the best that any other shire in this land affords. These milch neat for stature are very large, well knit with long bodies, deep sides, great vdders, broad foreheads, with most smooth, fair, and beautifull homes, of this sort I have seen divers dairies of 40, some 50, some 60 cowes that would nott willingly be sold for six pounds a beast one with another of which price albeit some may come short, yett others doe exceed it. And I know that good husbands to have their grounds and dairies well sorted, and furnisht doe ordinarily bestow after that rate, but in some plentifull yeares this price is much abated. I must confesse, there is also another kind of breed in other parts of the 40 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK shire which are deemed good milch cattle for the quality of the ground whereon they are fed, yett come short of that price and reckoning, albeit in bone and stature nott far inferior. The husbandman saith good pasture makes the best cattle, and experienee daily teaclieth that the grasse being naturally most sweet where the beasts are well pastured, gives great abuondance of milk, and makes the cattle soon to come to their full growth and perfection. If I should here sett downe what great profltt doth arise from these dairies, both for butter and cheese, or if I should speake of the great commendation which by our histories at home, and by writers abroad, in former times have been given to the goodnesse and excellency of this cheese, by which they never doubted to compare it with any other cheese of any forraine nation w'hatsoever. I might peradventure speake beyond common creditt. But herein it fareth as in other trades of this world that when things throw their just meritt and goodnesse have attained to such a name and estimation that every one desireth to bee partaker of them, such is the covetuousnesse of this world that nott content with any moderate or large bounds of gaine, it daily still desireth and labours for more ; that whilst thus adulterating their ordinary commodities which was wont to heap up their wealth, through the falsifying of their common wares, the wonted glory of their commodities is at the least eclipsed, their present marchandize justly suspected, and forsaken, if nott themselves hazarded with poverty. All which I speake to this end, whilst in the dayes of our forefathers this BULLOCK 41 shire carried away the prize for excellency of this kind, at this day it is suspected, and the wonted estimation much abated ; for whilst every one striving to make the most of their dairy, holding outt in the wonted proportion, butt much giving in in the wonted quality, it cannot bee that things should be so currant as they were wont to bee in times past. If I should say with the common proverbe that whilst the cheese was in the mak the butter was at markett, I may peradventure touch the perticular vse and custome of many, butt nott the general course every where, or of every one. Sure I am whither for the goodnesse or generall want, in noe age was this commodity in more request here, as may appeare by the late borne trade of cheese mongers, which yearly from London at all seasons flock hither to buy it at any hand. What the certain proportion that is here yearly raised of this proflttable commodity, I cannott any wayes learne. Butt this I most certainly And and observe that it is the expence that among the inhabitants here, especially of the meaner sort, that being at all times so ready a dish, and ever in season, againe much of that by many loads is sold at Sturbridge, and at other fairs both outt of this shire and within. Butt when I recount how great a quantity is spent here in victualling many ships here at home for long voyages, besides the revictualling of many passengers driven in with weather for harbour, and then for transportations hereof are often times stollen from havens commodious for that purpose for forraine markets of surest and greatest availe. Finally when I call to mind how much F 42 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK is carried from our ports to London to furnish the expences of the Citty, with the Navy, and all sorts of fleets which goe for the furthest regions. I am perswaded there is noe shire in this land so rich or beneflciall to the Realm e this wayes, for to come to a more perfect certainty hereof it hath bin faithfully observed, when upon search by account bookes were supputed in one ordinary year from one haven here there was carried to London aboue 900 loads of butter, and cheese, whilst it cannot bee thought butt 3 times as much is here fro other havens vented. The Horse Among the many ornaments of this shire, I may not omitt to speake here of the horse, for the breeding whereof this country hath many apt places of most proflttable vse, wherein some chuse the low and fruitfull grounds, the fertility of which soile being a rich black mould, they deem most fltt for these purposes; butt experience teachetli that the low grounds seldome or never do afford a strong colt for service, or of quick life or spirritt, butt onely such as are fltt for burden and draught, the better sort for their breed as nere as they can well make choice of is knowls or the height of hills, where good ground is with plenty of pasture, from whence they find that because of the aire aboue is there alwaies fresh, pure, and transparent, and the soile beneathe is flrme and almost stony, the colt here bred is most puissant, and strong for service, of quick life, and THE HORSE 43 spirritt, of high pride, and most comely shape. Now albeit I cannot speake much of the excellency of this country bred horse, not because here wanteth fitt places, and meanes for the generation of so generous a creature, butt men are nott so industrious and skillful in this most excellent quality, yett haue I just cause to commend those here, that by all good meanes do preserve, and maintaine the breed of horses, among which I haue seen and well observed, nott some butt many horses here bred of good shape and quick sperit, which haue for readines in all points of service nott a meane recommendation. And of those I haue seen some coming over beyond sea, haue been admired for their painfull travell in long journies, their flrme carriage in time of service, their quicknes, and readines in all necessities, butt of all for their continuance in time of battle, never giving in, butt when other the choicest of all other countries, especially if the march haue bin any thing long, or the skirmish any thing hott, haue soon fainted, and tyred ; these haue been still noted to bee yett most fresh, carrying their riders with nott a little creditt, and estimation, which if it were of our better sort here well weighed, would encourage every man to breed, and having bred to make much of so special a worth which every country cannott speake of, butt such is our slothfullnes here in this respect, that for the most part wee rather desire to bee furnisht from our dear faires with the refuse of other countries, though after our long labour, and great cost wee commonly meet with pampered counterfeit, or deceipt. Now for our horses of burden, or draught 44 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK experience of long time teacheth us, how vncertaine this proofe is of that which wee pay so dear for at others hands, causeth us to esteeme our owne home bred the more, which every way proveth so well for our owne use and profitt, that our husbandmen may justly compare in this respect with any other country whatsoever, albeit they often complain that many vain sports, and idle occasions did never in any age consume more good horses than this age doth, which otherwise might prove of great use to them and the common wealth. Foides Thus having breifly spoken of the beasts, it followes in the next place to speake of the birds, wherein wee will still aime at brevity, because wee have nothing here in particular which other countries enjoy nott, those which wee esteeme tame birds, are our house doves, turkies. Swans, Geese, Peacocks, ducks, hens, and such like. Of our wild fowles the pattridge, pheasant, woodcock, ring dove, turtle dove, quails, larks, lapwings, plover, bitterne, bustard, suite, dotterel, sheldrake, shoveler, pewit and such like, of all which as the instinct of nature hath taught each in its season doth afford the good house¬ keeper a dainty supply. Of rauens, rookes, Jackdawes, kites, bussards, ringtailes, pyes etc. because they are not commonly eaten butt are ravenous and hurtfull in their prey I marshal them by themselues. HAWKES—SINGING BIRDS—WATERS 45 Haivkes The Sparhauke and Gosse hauke are found here in divers places often times to breed, butt nothing so commonly as in former times, partly in respect that the woods where they delight are nott so cherished as heretofore, and especially because that exercise some¬ times of due right belonging onely to Gentlemen and persons of quality is so now taken up of every Coridon mean, and base companion, whiles each one deceives another of the eggs, and often of the whole ayrye, the store and game is spoiled, and the haukes resort to their places of quieter abode and better entertainment. Singhig birds For birds of note here, which with their severall tunes do delight us, most deservedly in the first place is the nightingal, after whom followes the thrush or [ ] the mavis, linnett, the gold finch, the sparrow, the robbin, the tit mouse or wren, the sterling, the swallow the black bird, with divers others whose notes I cannott commend vnto you, as the Oookcow, the Jay, the wood spight, the owle, and more both in the woodland, and nere the sea, whose names being vnknowne I must passe in silence, and so finish the particular of the land. Waters My next labour intended is for the water, the most necessary of all the elements with such things incident 46 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK therevnto ; and first with the fresh water, which albeit I cannot speake of any strang vertues and qualities which it hath here as in other places and countries, yett I must afiirme that nature hath afforded us such a sufficient store of the same, most wholsome for the health of man, that in the greatest droughts wee never want, and in the greatest rages wee seldome sustaine much harme. Fresh Springs Our purest springs being on the tops of hils, doe from thence sundry wayes conveigh most clear streames making fertil all those places by which they passe, who taking the advantage of each hanging ground adjoyning, and meeting with the low vallies are become full rivers running with swift currents to the no smal profitt and enriching of many a towne, village and dwelling. In these fiattest countries where streames are nott so plentifull, fresh water ponds some by nature, butt many by art are supplyed, these contained in clay bottomes and cleansed with the reflex of the sun are made more wholesome, and proflttable for use. The fish in these rivers of fresh waters are Roach, pickerill. Eels, minaws, perch, dare, trout, barbel, gudgeon, smelt, shrimp. Ore- vices, and lampreys; butt in our ponds or pooles are carp, tench, and roaches etc. Sea Fish The fish which our sea and salt rivers affords, either in shallowes of the havens, within our harbors, and coasts, SEA FOWLE—BUILDINGS 47 or without in the depths, or maine sea, in their severall times and seasons are these, the herrings, sprats, rochet, gournourde, plaice, tubitt, mackerell, haddocks, thorn- back, mayds, soles, lamps, whitings, cod, pilchard, conger, garfish, crafish, muscles, oysters, cockle, crabs, lobster, welkes, and periwinckles, the manner of taking of all which, with their engines, netts, hookes, baits, and other necessaries fltt for a whole particular volume, I omitt as here nott so pertinent. Sea Foicle Yett before I conclude this breife description of the sensible creatures of the land and Sea, I may nott leaue to shew you what sea fowle our parts afford, which albeit Hying in the aire doe fetch their chiefest main¬ tenance, and living from the fish of the sea, and those wee call seapies, coots, pewits, curlewes, teal, wiggeon, brents, duck, mallard, wild goose, heron, crane, and barnacle. Having thus far passed by your patience, my purpose now aimeth at the discovery of the reasonable creatures of this country. I meane the inhabitants, and first of their buildings. Buildings And first of their buildings, among wdiich sort I reckon their castles so often mentioned in the dayes of our forefathers, the ruines whereof are yett in many jdaces 48 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK extant, so that at this day here is in Suffolk noe castle fully standing, or att least wise none fortified or defens- ahle. Such is the state and policy of this land at this day, and so far differing from former times, and the present administration of other countries, who thinke that the security of a coihon wealth is impayred when such buildings are ruinated. But as daily experience teacheth us, our kind of aire is not profittable for all kinds of patients, so each dayes proof learneth us that one sort of policy or goverment is not fitt for all countries and coihon wealthes. King Stephen licensed his Barons and nobility to build them as many castles as they would upon their owne demeanes hoping thereby that they would have imployed their vse to his advantage a^d cofhodity, butt finally w'hen hee saw that they were rather fortified against himselfe in the end, than vsed in his defence, hee repented, all too late of his inconsiderate grant, wherein there was no remidy left butt by force to subdue them. His successor King Henry the 2*^ came noe sooner to the crowne, butt warned by the harmes of his predecessor, and daily fearing w'hat damage hee might sustaine in suffering such forts and holds, so that within a short time hee coihanded a thousand castles within this Realme to bee vtterly overthrowne and defaced. Among the which the cheifest in these parts were sometimes belonging to that vnquiet and seditious Baron Bigott Earle of Norfolke, as the castle of Bungay, and that of Framingham which of long time hee kept against Henry the 2'^ vntill at length seing greater preparations at hand against him; for the payment of a MANSIONS OR DWELLING HOUSES 49 thousand markes hee compounded with the King. This Earle Bigott in King Stephens time had also a castle at Ipswieh, which the King beseiged and att last tooke it, butt at this day there is noe mention where it should stand. There was also a castle at Hagenett not far from Ipswich pertaining vnto Ranulph Brock which about the 10**^ yeare of King Henry the 2‘' was by Beaumond Earle of Leicester with certaine bands of the Earle Bigott taken, burnt, and throwne downe, butt where this castle should stand at this day it is nott certainly knowne. There is mention of a castle at Often, rather remembred by the continuing name and scituation, than by the mines, or any other memorable testimony. The castle of Eye is often spoken of, but the place of scituation is vnknown. There was also a famous castle at Clare upon the river Stoure sometimes belonging to the Duke of Clarence, butt time the consumer of all things hath left there nothing butt lamentable mines upon a most beautifull scituation. The castle at Glemisflord besides the scituation on high sheweth yett some traces and mines. There was a castle also at Orford, and king John about the 6*^* year of his raigne commanded the castle of John Lacy at Dynnington to bee taken and vtterly raced downe. Mansions or dwellhuj houses The next sort of buildings are their mansions and dwelling houses, which by the traces of antiquity yett remaining, I find to bee far differing from them of the G 50 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK former times, who used in the scituation of their houses to regard proffitt more than pleasure, and safety more than wholsomnes of the aire. Prom whence wee find that all our antientest houses, for their more security and quiet against all worldly accidents were ever so placed that they were ever environed with a broad and deep ditch or moat, and to that end for the most part they were enforced to the low valleys, that they might the more easily draw water from the next river to enclose their houses. These houses were alwayes built low nott with many rooms or aboue one or two storyes, butt these more in length than in largenesse. Thicke were their wals, of squared or rough stone, brick or strong timber, their windows smal, their chimnies large, or instead of them to haue round harthes in the midst of their great hals or roomes, with round holes or lovers aloft in the roofe, which carried away the smoake never offending: whereas our buildings at this day is cheifly to place the houses where they may bee furthest seen, haue best prospect, sweetest air, and greatest pleasure, their wals thin, whither with brick, stone or timber, their lights large, all for outward shew, their roomes square, raised high comonly with 3 and often with 4 stories, their chimnyes as many butt smal, their roofes square, and so slender that they are enforced often to repaire, and in all buildings this one thing is observed, spare of stuffe scarcity of timber (which is too general) and that workman that can doe his worke with most beauty, least charge, (albeit nott so strong) hee is most required. Indeed the carelesse wast of this age of our wonted TENEMENTS 51 plenty of timber, and other building stuffe, hath enforced the witt of this latter age to devise a new kind of com¬ pacting, vniting, coupling, framing, and building, with almost half the timber which was wont to bee vsed, and far stronger as the workemen stick nott to alErme, butt the truth thereof is nott yett found outt soe. Tenements The mean person, and so the poor cottager whose purse will nott seme to bestow much, thinkes hee doth very well if hee can compasse in his manner of building to raise his frame low, cover it with thatch, and to fill his wide pannells (after they are well splinted and bound) with clay or culme enough well tempered, over which it may bee some of more ability both for warmth, continu¬ ance, and comelinesse doe bestowe a cast of haire, lime, and sand made into morter and layed thereon, rough or smooth as the owner pleaseth. Each inhabitants wealth whereof hee maintaineth himselfe is that which by his owne industry hee hath purchased, or was left him from his friends, consisting either of lands or woods. The better sort which rest nott upon arts and sciences, haue here their severall Lordships, Mannors, messuages, and other hereditaments by which they furnish their estate. The meaner sort that are glad to fasten upon any thing for their sustenance doe content themselfes with some simple cottage or tenement alone, or else with some 3 or 4 acres therewith, all which belongeth to some Manner or Lordship nott far of, where upon besides their ordi- 52 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK nary trade resteth their cheifest support. The Manner its selfe if the Lord dwelleth nott on it, is lett outt to some farmer, with some of the demeanes, whilst the Lord so often as occasion of proflfitt or otherwise calleth, keepeth his court where the free tenants doe their suit, and upon every death pay their releife. And when their customary tenants doe their service and fealty, vpon every death or alienation doe pay their fines, heriotts, and other such duties and services as the custome of each manner doth lead them to. The demeanes of many Manners proportioned into severall farmes are hired and occupied by farmers for rent or yeares more or lesse according as the Landlord and tenant can agree, upon such fine, consideration, and income, as is there payed and agreed upon. And this is the rule of all farming at this day, where noe owner can have any thing bee it never so meane or smal butt in this age wherein all things are so improved hee shall have tenants enough, which will offer and give vureasonable rates for grounds. Butt happy is hee that to have his ground and houses well vsed can bee content with a reasonable rent well payed of an honest tenant, who besides his owne profitt doth good to his neighbours and others, and seeking glory to God and commendation to his Landlord. Entercourse Whilst I thus goe forward in the discourse of this shire, I thinke it nott amiss to speake here of those wayes and meanes by which they repaire, and haue HIGH WAVES—BRIDGES 53 entercourse one with another. As of the high wayes and bridges here, by which passage from place to place is continued, and the inhabitants doe meet to trafflck one with another. High tvayes These high-wayes howsoever at the first upon great wisdome, and consideration, layd outt both large and wide, are now in this latter age throw the immoderate desire of the next bordering Lords in continuance of time so straitned, and narrowed in many places, that what with the foulenesse of the wayes, which in the clay woodland soyle is ever increased especially in winter season, that the ordinary passage one from another during that time is made most difficult: yea the vsual and most common roads, if they were nott yearly re¬ paired, and continued, by vertue of the severall necessary statutes to that end made ; they would in the winter season breed a loathsome wearinesse to the passenger. Bridges Neither can I adde any better report of our bridges, which suffering their decay in time through the con- tinuall violence of the floods, would receive a totall distruction, (whilst every one denies the charge putting it of from himselfe) to the great interruption of the common entercourse, if the diferent Magistrate by the life and execution of good lawes did nott enforce a repaire of the same. Of those bridges I find divers as 54 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK here doe come to my remembrance, as the river of Stoure hath a bridge at Wyckeso, at Glare, at Melford called Radbridge, at Sudbury called Balliugton bridge, at Buers, at Neyland, at Stratford, and Oattawade bridges. The river vre hath these bridges at Stow, at Needham, at Bramford, at Sproughton, and at Stoke neer Ipswich. The river Deave hath these bridges at Wynston, at Oretingham, at Letheringham, at Wickham, and by Woodbridge. The river Gleme hath these bridges, at Farneham and Snapebridge. The Oockell river hath Blighborrow, and Easton bridge. The Waveney hath these bridges, at Sturston, at Thorpe, at Harleston, at Bungay, at Beckles, and att Muttford Bridge. The river Ouse hath these bridges at Euston, at TJietford, at Downeham, and Brandon. There is also another river ^ without name whicli hatli these bridges as at Lavenham two, at Brent-Ely, at Chelsworth, at Seamer, at Hadleigh and at Heigham. I omitt the rest upon other smaller rivers vnspoken of, both for brevities sake, and also nott worthy the recitall. Language To come unto the persons tliemselves of this Country inhabitants, when I remember their names and language, I find no dialect or idiom in the same different from 1 This river riseth in the furthest parts of Cockfeild towards Felsham, and passes through Lavenham, Brent-Ely, Monkes-Ely, and at Chelsworth bridge meets with the river Brett (rising att Brettenham) which gives name to the said river till it falls into the river Stoure below Higham. LANGUAGE—FREE SOHOLES 55 others of the best speach and pronunciation. For as wee border nott upon any forreine limitts of different tongue, by whose vicinity in our common traffick wee haue cause by encroaching upon others to diversifle our owne naturall language; so having no naturall defect proper to this soile, doe wee disgrace that with any broad or rude accent which wee receive at the hands of gentility and learned schollers, whereof wee haue many trained up in the best and purest language. Howbeit I must confesse our honest Country toyling villager to expresse his meaning to his like neighbour, will many times lett slip some Strang different sounding tearmes, no wayes intel¬ ligible to any of civill education, vntill by the rude com¬ ment of some skillfull in that forme, which by dayly vse amongst them is familier, they bee after their manner explaned. Butt this being onely among the ruder sort, the artificer of the good townes scorneth to follow them, when he naturally prideth in the counterfitt imitation of the best sort of language, and therefore noe cause to observe any thing therein. Free Scholes Now among the best meanes of a comely language, I cannott call to mind anything that doth more further the same than good scholes for youth, who well seasoned at the first are always after fitter for the best impres¬ sions. Of these scholes heere bee many where there is no good towne that is withoutt them, so againe for free scholes heere bee sundry, well founded and 56 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK endowed, whom I beseech the Lord so to blesse that they may still more and more bring forth many good members for the state and commonwealth, and of these free scholes I find to be at Ipswich, St. Edmunds Bury, Hadley, Boxford. Degrees of Callings—Poore When I consider the degrees and severall callings of our country inhabitants I thinke it fltt to begin with the poorer sort, from whom all other sorts of estates doe take their beginning. And therefore of our poore thus much. It is familiar with the nature of man to weigh benefitts received, with feathers and light weights, butt incommodities, hee weigheth with lead and heavy weights, complayning evermore with a long and large report of them, such is the corrupt and froward judgement of many in these dayes, who esteeme the multitude of our poore heere to bee a matter of heavy burden, and a sore discommoditie, thinking that as noe greife is greater than their owne, so no incommoditie to bee greater than that which is where they dwell. Butt if such did remember that as well the poore as the rich proceed from the Lord, and that the rich cannott stand withoutt the poore, or if they did see how far the nomber of the poore in other shires do exceed ours, they would nott esteeme of our poore as a burden, butt as a looking glasse wherein the rich may see his owne estate, if once the Lord should bereave him of his benefitts which hee doth dayly abuse. Indeed I must say as it hath pleased the THE HUSBANDMAN 57 Lord to voutsafe vs some poore, so what with the power- full effort of the prevayling word, and the due regard of the commanding law, much charitable reliefe is heere vsed, so that few there bee that goe vnreleived, whither they bee poore by impotence or by casualty. As for the thriftles poore, whither hee bee riotous, idle person, or vagabond, the list of the late godly lawes, if it may still by execution bee increased, will so reform the quality of them, or diminish the number of them, that there will bee much spared to add to the reliefe of the other, it is by common experience tried, upon what reason I know nott, that in those parts of this shire, where the clothiers doe dwell or have dwelled, there are found the greatest number of the poor, and in the other parts where the meaner sort doe practise spinning of thred linnen and other such like womens imployments are nothing so many poor. Butt God in all ages, and in all places haue appointed the poore to bee as the trials of the rich, and the humble thoughts which smoake from a poore mans cottage are as sweet a sacrifice vnto the Lord as the costly perfumes of the princes pallace. The Husbandman Tlie husbandman who folioweth in the next place though hee thriveth ordinarily well, yett he laboreth much, and if the frowning yeares should nott sometimes diminish his crop, hee would never care what hee offered for the hyre of lands. H 58 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Yeomanry In the next rank commeth our yeomanry, whose con- tinuall vnder living, saving, and the immunities from the costly charge of these vnfaithfull times, do make them so to grow with the wealth of this world, that whitest many of the better sort, as having past their vttermost period do suffer an vtter declination, these onely doe arise, and doe lay such strong, sure, and deep foundations that from thence in time are derived many noble and worthy families. Townes-man From hence as I march forwards, I come to the occupyer of the good towne, whose smooth speech, and civill con¬ versation iucreaseth the number of his customers, who from hence whiles hee striveth with the best, and with his trade of all sorts of diversities which hee fetcheth from London and other such places venting them with often returue to his best customers of the next neighbour villages, hee in short time climeth to much creditt and wealth. Butt see such is the world, which is nothing butt a shop of all change, that too often it falleth out for these riches thus hastily gotten which can abide noe induring continuance, they receiue in exchange first decay, which when willingnes in surety-ship hath layd oppen too manefestly, then poverty too, too quickly remediles seizeth them. THE GENTLEMAN 59 The Gentleman When I come to Suffolk Gentlemen to whose beginning, the memory of man attaineth nott to the contrary, whither of learning, valour, vertue, or any other just cause whatsoever arisen, I find the number as great as any other places, or shires; yett when I regard the smal bounds which this country affordeth, with the number of Gentlemen therein conteyned (I meane such as are Gentlemen of Auncestry) and endued with large lively- hoods. Patrimonies, and ample revenues, I suppose I should nott incurre matter of reproofe, if I should pre- ferre this country to many other shires far greater in this realme. If as many doe affirme nobility is best con¬ tinued by those convenient meanes by which att first it did arise, then no doubt, butt the learning, wisdome, heroicall valour, upright justice, approved goverment, with many other things the true sources of generosity, all which seasoned and as it were crowned with the purity of true religion, and godly life, whicli is heere cntertayned and embraced among this sort, is the onely and principall cause, why so many worthy families haue so long time remaned within so narrow a precinct. Againe the wholsome sweetnes of the aire here generally is such, that from hence are at this day heere to bee seen so many curious costly builded houses wherein though the meanest gentleman provideth to bee well furnished, yett the better sort doe most of all excell, if nott exceed others beautifull buildings, the more adorned with costly furniture which every owner seeketh to 60 BREVIAEY OF SUFFOLK haue, butt much more by a liberall hospitallity, giving kind entertainment to all sorts, butt yett governed with an even hand, ever wisely regarding the end. And in this sort as they visitt one another much, meett often conversing most familyarly together, which so winneth the good will one of another with all reverent regard of the meaner sort, true love and vnfeyned affection of their neighbours, that if differences doe arise which are very seldome, such is the great discretion ever tempered with love and kindnes among them, that these devisions are soon smothered and appeased. So againe what with the enterlacing of houses in marriage (a practise at this day much used for strengthening of families thereby) such is the religious vnitie wherewith in all good actions they doe concurre, that whatsoever offendeth one dis- pleaseth all, and whosever sattisfleth one contenteth all. And thus for all expences if they can make even att the yeares end with their receipts, they think they haue sufficiently thry ved, howbeit all are nott of this mind, because there bee many which with a very wise and wary foresight do much yearly improue and increase their estate, whitest others nott so provident, butt overtaken with too well meaning and good nature, doe become depressed with the alternate vicissitude of this world, and so are Lnforced sometimes to suffer a revolution. Knights Whitest I still march forwards to our next degree of Gentry called Knighthood, finding scarce twenty at the KNIGHTS G1 most within this shire which are honoured with this worthy order at this day, it giveth some occasion to thinke that in the times of our forefathers there were in this our shire many more gentlemen and knights than at this day, for verification whereof, when the list of sixty knights with their coat armours is produced which were within this county in the dayes of that most famous prince King Henry the third (which I haue here inserted as I find it in many coppies reteyned) it is nott greatly contraried, howbeit waighing now seriously the order of these times, wherein raigned so many heroicall and magnanimous princes whose renowne could nott be conteyned in this our Vltima Britauia it is found that our mighty kings of those times, to follow on the traine of theire good fortunes, in scattering so many proud monuments of their rare glory in forreine Countries were inforced to the expence of much treasure, and were constreyned by all honorable rewards, to allure, draw forth, if nott to enlarge the number of all their best nobilitie, and so to fitt them for those glorious warres from whence this renowned prince King Henry the third for the better furnishing himselfe with mouy, aboutt the 38 year of his raigne upon the rebellion of divers townes in Gascoigne, and upon the great slaugliter of his subjects there, preparing to goe thither in person witli all speed with his great force and power, commanded his musters to bee taken, and all able men to bee putt in readiness, and whosoever might yearly dispend in lands 15^ to take upon him the order of kniglithood, to accompany him to those warres. So againe about the G2 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK 41 year of liis raigne upon the like eommandment and proclamation much treasure was brought to the King’s Coffers, by fines for refusal of this order, and nott long after the king comming himselfe into the Exchequer sett a fine of five marks on every shreeves head, that had nott distreyned every person within his jurisdiction of 15^ yearly rent in land to receive the said order as was commanded vnto him. The like was also in the 24**’ year of the raigne of that great prince King Henry the 8“* who against the coronation of Queen Anne caused all Sheriffs to certifie the names of all such as might dispend in land yearly 40^ to bee invested with the honour of Knighthood, or else to bee fined att the discretion of Thomas Cromwell hU of the Jewell house, and counsellour to the King, by order appointed to the same. By all which it appeareth what was the occasion in those dayes, of so many worthy knights, whose haughty courage adventuring in all dangers, and conquering by perseverance, ended with all honour. From whence it is certainly beleived, considering the ample estate of sundry in these dayes, that if the soveraigne of this land should now march to such honorable adventures they might goe far better accompanied, with more different troupes of brave minded Cavaliers. Butt to come to the list of the memorable Knights of those dayes heere in Suffolk as in the dayes of King Henry the 3*^ thus I doe find them to stand marshalled, who accompanied the King to forreine wars bearing these coat Armours: S'' Hugh Houell beareth sable, a crosse or. S'" Stephen Houel the same with a lambeux argent. KNIGHTS 63 Sent Moore ermin 2 cheurons Gules and a labell azure. S'" Robert de Vflord sable a crosse ingrailed or. S'' Jolin de Payton the same, and a mullett argent. S'' Thomas de Vflord the same and a bend argent. S"^ Guy Ferrers Gules a fer du mouline argent, and a baston in bend azure. S"^ Thomas Loveyne Gules billetted or, a fesse argent. S' Edmund de Pakenham quarterly or, and gules, in the first an eagle displayed vert. S’’ Hugh Talmache argent a frett sable, gr Talmache the same and a labell gules. S'' Thomas de Blakenham azure crucile 2 bars or. S' Nicholas de Wayland argent upon a crosse gules 5 escallops or. S' W’" de Wayland the same and a lambeux azure. S' Piers de Tadington sable a crosse or resurcilee. Anno Gratise 1200, facta est descriptio Albericus de Veare Robertas fil: Roger! WiHus de Totestooke Walterus de Berdwel Robertas fll: Walter! G!lbertas de Sancto Claro Gilbertas de Maneton Robertas de Halsted Petras fll: Adam! Robertas de Horn!ger Normanas de Rysbye Rogeras de Mor!eux WnUelmas de Hastings Rogeras de Howe Gibtas fll: Radalphi Robertas de Langtofte Wliias Rlandas Galfridus de Welfecbam de Mllltlbas Sanct! Edmandi. Habertas de Hanest! Raynoldas de Brocklaye Radulphas de Prescraj' Walteras de Saxham Petrus de Lyvernieare Hugo de Jllighe Comes Rogeras Okbertus de Wachesam Radus de Leucham Adam de Cockefeild Gilbertas Peckham Stephanas de Brocdeshe Gervaslus de Rolngle Symon de Patishall Richardus de Jckwoorde Walterus de Wurdwell Alanus de Flempton Adam de Barningham 64 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK gr -^m (jg Bovyll quarterly or and sable. S'" John de Bovyll the same a martlett gules. S*' Gerarde Wachesame argent a fesse and 3 croyssants (I suppose cressants) in cheife Gules. John Wachesame the same with a baston in bend azure. S’^ Robert du Boys ermin a crosse sable. S" [ ] Shelton azure a crosse or. S*^ John Mollington argent a fesse between 2 chevrons azure. gr peachie argent a fesse between 2 chevrons, sable. S'" Robert Peachie the same and a label azure, bezanted. S'" Hugh Peachie argent a fesse betweene chevrons gules a lambeaux azure. S’" Richard Oornerd azure a fesse, between 2 clievrons or. S'" Thomas de Gray the same and a label gules. S*^ John de Tendering the same and a label fleuronee argent. S" W“ Wawncy gules 6 gauutes argent. S"^ Edmond Hennegrave argent a cheife indented gules. S*' Symon de Oockefeild argent a saltire engrailed sable and a label gules. S’" Richarde Cockefeild azure a crosse between 4 cockes or. S'' John de Creatinge argent a chevron between 3 stars of 6 points gules. Richard de la Rochell or Rochelle masculy gules and ermin. S'' John Le Moyne or a saltier engrailed gules. KNIGHTS 65 S’" John Carbonell gules a crosse argent a border indented or. S'" John Wayland azure upon a lyon rampant argent, a baston in bend gules. S’" Richard Wayland the same and a baston in bend or. [ ] de Holbrooke or crusylee and a chevron gules. S^' John Cleere or a lyon rampant Gules queue furche and a coller argent. S’^ John de Gedding checquy argent and gules, a fesse azure between 3 bucles or. S*' Robert Royden checquy argent and gules a crosse azure. S’' [ ] Peachie argent a chevron Gules, a border sable bezanted. S’ Peirs Burgate, pally of 6 argent and sable. S’ Bartholomew Davillers argent 3 escocheons gules. S’ John de Lowdham argent 3 escocheons sable. S’ [ ] Saye quarterly or and gules in the 1®* a leopard passant azure. gr -^m jTitzrafe or upon 3 chevrons gules 9 flower de luces argent. S’ Peirs de Denardiston azure 2 barres argent in cheife a leopard passant or. S’ W“ de Boyton azure 3 escallops or. S’ Alleyn de Goldingliam bendy imdee argent and gules a labell azure. S’ John de Dagworth ermin a fesse gules bezanted. S’ W“ Kirketott azure upon a crosse argent 5 escallops gules. I 66 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK S*' Hugh de Morieux azure 3 foyles de moores or. Roger Sturmyn quarterly or and gules upon a bend azure 3 plates. Andrew Sagaville quarterly or and gules a bend vert. Robert Barkeswortli chequy argent and gules upon a bend azure 3 lyons argent. S’" Lawrence de Hamelldone argent a frett gules florited sur le nowes or. S" Robert Burnevyll gules a saltire engrailed argent between 4 cinque foiles or. S' Robert D’Aspal azure 3 chevrons or. S' Edmond Peachye argent a fesse and 2 chevrons gules, chap : semy de martletts sable. S' John Wellnethan or 3 plates upon a fesse azure. S' Hubert Jernegham argent 3 buckles lozengee gules. Having thus passed over the list of these worthy knights, from whom such is the injurious vicissitude of this world’s revolution that scarce six att this day are heere to bee found in right line discended from any of these brave martiallists. I will leave them as I find them inrolled in the ancient histories of former times, and come to the survay of those knights which in these our dayes lived, and were dwelling heere in this country of Suffolk at the death of the late most renowned Queen Elizabeth which I haue heere sett downe in priority according to their creation and antiquity (so neer as I could find outt) with their severall coat armours thus in french blazoned. Guylliaume de Waldegrave Chevalier port en son escue d’argent et de Gules party parpal. KNIGHTS 67 Thomas Cornwallis chevallier port sable guttee d’argent sur un fesse de le mesme trois oyseaux de Cornovayle de le primier, membree et becque de Gules. Phillip Parker chevalier port d’argent vn lion passant de Gules entre deux fesses de sable sur lesquelles 3 besants 2 & 1 chargee en chef de trois testes du cerfe de le troisieme somme (ou arme) et lampasse de le mesme, vn croissant pour difference. Robert Jermin chevalier port sable vn croissant entre deux molletts mises en pal d’argent. Nicholas Bacon chevalier port de Gules a vn chef d’argent charge de deux estoilles a cinque rayes de sable persees Gules. John Heigham chevalier port de sable vn fesse eschequee d’or et d’azure entre trois testes de chevaulx racees d’argent. Antoine Wingefilde chevalier port d’argent sur vn bend de Gules trois peres des ayles de le primier, entre deux cotizes de sable. Thomas Barnardiston chevalier porte d’azure vne fesse dawncy d’ermines entre six crois recroisettes d’argent. Henry North chevalier port d’azure vne lion passant gardant entre trois fleures de lys d’argent. Robert Gardiner Chevalier port de Gules vne chevron entre trois testes de griffons racees d’or. Clement Heigham chevalier port sable vn fesse eschequee d’or et d’azure entre trois testes de chevaulx racees d’argent, en chefe vne lambeaux d’argent a 3 pieces, i)our difference. Robert Drury chevalier port d’argent a vne chef de 68 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK vert charge d’vne Taw entre 2 estoilles a cinque coignes d’or perforates d’gules. Thomas Jermyn chevalier port sable vne croissant entre 2 estoiles de 5 rais mises en pal d’argent en chef vn lambeux a trois peices d’or pour difference. Guylliaume de Waldegrave chevalier port d’argent et de gules party per pal en chef vne lambeaux a trois peices de sable pour difference. Guylliaume de Poley chevalier port d’or vne lion rampant de sable arme et lampasse de gules. Robert Ashfleld chevalier port sable vne fesse engrule entre trois fleurs de lys d’argent en chef vne lambeux a trois peices pour difference. Henry de Glemam chevalier port d’or vne chevron entre trois torteaux de gules. Edmond Wyttypoll chevalier port partie per pal d’or et de gules a 3 lyons au leopards, passant gardants trans- mutees mises I’un sur I’autre tout dedans vne bordure de I’un et de I’autre. Guylliaume Cornwallys chevalier port sable, gutte argent sur vne fesse de le mesme trois oyseaux de cornovayle de la primier membre et becque de gules, charge en chef d’un lambeux a cinque pendents de Gules. Albeit this is the vttermost number of the knights that were in these dayes, yett I cannott butt observe in them the right steps to all true advancement, for the elder sort descended of a traine of worthy knights, seeking to equalize their honorable ancestors in all bounty, hospi- tallitie, good justice, with faithfull love of their neigh¬ bours and the common wealth. The late soveraigne KNIGHTS 69 though at sundry other times yett especially at her pro- gresse into these parts, Anno 1578, as most deservedly vouchsafed them this honour, the other sort, whiles the strenght of their youth endured to give increase to their noble desires, marched among martiall troopes in forreine regions, wherein the sharpest encounters and most honorable services made such ample proofe of their heroicall valour, that the geueralls for due reward, even in veiw of the most dispightfull enemy, thought it most fitt to advance them to this dignity, as in the late admirable services in the low countries, and Ireland, in France at the seige of Roan 1591, and in Spaine at the most memorable voyage and winning of Cadez anno . . . so some againe by their great knowledge, learning, wisdome, government, and experience found proflttable both to Country and commonwealth, and so marching every way in desert with the foremost received of the prince like honour and dignity, yea and that with the more true commendation by how much void of all lively example of noble ancestors (the onely spur to true glory) they have attayned in such just manner the seat of true honour that they leave the sound foundation and con¬ tinuance of a most noble progeny. Butt I must leave these and shew’^ you now that so soon as it pleased the almighty to conclude the period of our late most renowned Soveraigne Queen Elizabeth, and to vouchsafe our mighty King James to sway the scepter of this English Monarchy, hee soon perceiving, by the decay of the nobility of this land, the w'onted ancient glory of this famous commonwealth greatly 70 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK impayred, yea the bright sun shine of this Hand to bee in a sort eclypsed, by so many heroicall persons who lay raked up in the ashes of darke obscurity, which other¬ wise brought upon the stage of honour, might justly deserve all honorable employments, for the glorious recovery of so ruinous republic, caused curious inquiry to bee made into all places where true vertue and worthynes harboured, where excellent learning flourished, where sound fortitude, high courage, and noble resolu¬ tions were naturally entertayned. And to the encourage¬ ment of all noble minds at his royall entrance into this realme, hee advanced many such of the better sort in every shire to honorable and worthy place, supposing that as they were men which exceeded in vertue, so was it most convenient they should exceed in honour. And among other at our kings first coming to London, lying at the charter house, hee made among many others out of other parts, these then here abiding knights. Edmond Bacon chevalier, port de Gules a vne chef d’argent chargee des deux estoiles, a cinque rayes de sable perforate d’or, a vne lambeux a 3 pendents de Gules. Edmund de Lewkener chevalier port d’azure a 3 chevrons d’argent, cressant pour difference. Thomas Rowse chevalier port de sable a vne viuure mise en fesse d’or entre trois croissants d’argent. Jehan Taseborough chevalier port d’argent vne chevron entre 3 bourses ou bourdons d’un peleryn pendents sur les battens de sable, les bourses fourny et bastonnets garnies d’or, croissant pour difference. KNIGHTS 71 Soon after against King James his coronation after his generall summons into all shires upon the 23*^ of July 1603, I find these gentlemen following then dwelling in Suffolk were knighted at Whitehall. Anthoine de Felton chevalier du Bath port gules a deux lions passants d’ermyn mises Tune sur I’autre. Robert Barker chevalier du Bath port d’azure et de sable partie pour fesse nebulee entre 3 mertlettes d’or, a vne canton d’ermyn. Calthrop Parker chevalier port d’argent vne lion passant de gules entre 2 fesses de sables charges de 3 bezants 2 & 1 en chef 3 testes de cerfe sable somme et lampasse de le mesme a vne croissant pour difference et vne lambeaux a 3 pendents de [ ] pour le 2 difference. Robert Drury de Ruffam chevalier port d’argent a vne chef de vert charge des deux estoilles a 5 rayes d’or perforate Gules. George Waldegraue de Hytcham chevalier port d’argent et de gules party en pal a vne mullette sable pour difference. Thomas de Eden chevalier port d’argent sur vne fesse de Gules 3 garbes d’or entre 2 chevrons d’azure chargdes de 6 coquilles, de la primier. Henry Warner chevalier port per bend indentee argent et de sable. Isaac Appleton chevalier port d’argent a vne fesse de sable entre 3 pommes de gules furille et rame de vert. Henry Oolte chevalier port d’argent a vne fesse entre 3 poulains courrantes de sable. 72 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Jehan Guylbert chevalier port d’azure a vne chevron d’ermyn 3 aigletts esployees d’argent membre at armee d’or. Jehan Quayntforth de Somerly chevalier port vne saltier ermyn entre 4 eigletts esployes. ^ Jehan Pretiman de Bogton on Baukton chevalier sans escue car il n’estoit Gentilhome pour lors de depuis il a acquis ses armes et ports a ceste heure, d’or vne lion passant entre 2 fesses mises entre 3 estoilles de cinque de gules 2, 1. Thus from the plentifull store of most sufficient persons a smal time hath some wayes repaired this late declining order which noe doubt butt according to every man’s expectation will in short season bee fully accomplished to equalize the greatest number of any former age. To step yett further to the nobility and Barrony sometimes either seated in this shire, or denominated from some place within this country, I find that those ancient houses sometimes heere happily seated, were long since extinguished, by transferring their honours into other families, the first whereof, as I could yett attaine vnto was Baron of rkesxfortli Gilbert Blonde Baron of Ikesworth who built the great priory there, and by Alice Colekirke his wife hee left William Blonde, who by Sarah Mountchansey his wife 1 See Morgan’s Sphere of Gentry, lib. 2nd, fol. 113. BARON OF MOUNTOHANOY 73 had Hubert Blond, who marrying Agnes de Insula left William Blond his onely son, who by Cecilia de Vere his wife left William Blond the last of that name slaine withoutt issue at the Battaile of Lewes in the 48 year of the raigne of King Henry the third 1264, and 2 daughters by whom the inheritance was carried away. As Agnes the eldest sister married to William de Creketott, and Roisia the second sister espoused to Robert de Valonys both great persons of those times the said Gilbert Blond bare in his sheild armoriall Masculee or and sable. Baron of Mountchancy Aboutt the same time in King Henry the 3‘' his dayes as antiquity noteth, flourished the ancient Barons of Mountchansey whose seat was then at Edwardston, vntill Waryn de Mountchansey who married Joan the first daughter and co. heire of William the great ^Marshall of England, and left his sole heire Johanne marryed to William de Valance descended outt of France, and in his right Earle of Pembroke the same IMountchancy bare Or upon 3 escocheons varry 2. 1. 2 barruletts Gules. Earles of Clare Gilbert Earle of Angie in Normandy for his good service to the conquerer at the conquest of this land, had among other things bestowed upon him the honour of Clare with the strong Castle there, hee left 4 sonnes, K 74 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK as Gilbert, Roger, Walter, and Robert. This Gilbert marrying the daughter of the Earle of Claremonte had Richard his eldest son which succeeded him, Gilbert his second son from whom is discended Richard Earle of Penbrooke that was the great warriour of Ireland, and Walter his third son. The said Richard the eldest son was slaine by the Welch men, and left Richard that died withoutt issue, his eldest son and Roger Earle of Clare his second son who marryed Amicia the daughter and co heire of William Earle of Glocester (from whom all the successors were called Earle of Glocester) and had issue Gilbert de Clare Earle of Glocester father to Richard de Clare Earle of Glocester, who begatt Gilbert de Clare the 2 ‘^ Earle of Glocester (who marryed Jane d’Acres daughter to King Edward the first) father to Gilbert de Clare S'* Earle of Glocester slaine in battaile at Sterling in Scotland 1295, without issue, leaving 2 sisters who transferred the inheritance to other families as Eleanor the eldest marryed to Hugh Spencer the younger after executed by the barons for evill counsell to King Edward the 2“* 1326, and Margarett the second co heire to Hugh Lord Audley after whose death King Richard the 2“* this earldome of Clare and Glocester Into a dutchy of Glocester whereof Thomas of Woodstock Duke of Glo¬ cester, murdered at Calice was the first duke. Humfrey Plautagenett fourth son of Henry the 4*’* murdered at Bury St. Edmunds was the 2'* duke of Glocester, and Richard Plantagenett after by the name of King Richard the S'* slaine at Bosworth was the last Duke of Glou¬ cester. Butt the heires males of the first duke heere BARON OF DINNINGTON failing King Edward the S'* made Lyonell Plantagenett his S'* son duke of Clarence who marrying Elizabeth the sole daughter and heire of William Burrough Earle of Vlster left one sole daughter and heire marryed to Edmund Mortimer Earle of March, and Earle of Clare in right of his wife, the issue male of which house soone after failing King Henry the 4**" made Thomas Planta¬ genett his 2'* son duke of Clarence slaine in Prance withoutt issue. After this honour had lyen extinguished a long time king Edward the 4*** made his brother George duke of Clarence, butt with his vnfortunate end this noble dignity here took his last farewell. Baron of Dinnington Aboutt the time of King Henry the 4‘** John Phillip Baron of Dinnington, continued at Dinnington vntill S'^ William Phillips his son that married Joane the daughter and heire of Thomas Lord Bardolpli in whose right hee was Lord Bardolpli, left Elizabeth his sole daughter and heire married to John Beaumonde viscount Beaumont the said Phillips bare quarterly Gules and argent in the first quarter an Eagle displayed or. Bygod Earle of Norfolk Roger Bygod Earle of Northfolk and marshall of England in King Edward the 2** his time lived much as his ancestors formerly had done at his strong castle at Framingham vntill Joane his sole heire was married to 76 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK John Lord Mowbray, the said Bygod bare for his coat armour, party per pale or aud vert over all a lyon rampant Gules. Lord Willoughby of Parhavi William Willoughby Knight created by King Edward the 6“^ Lord Willoughby of Parham, where the Barron was long resident vntill that posterity found more delight to settle themselves in other Countries. Lord Wentworth So in the time of King Henry the Thomas Went¬ worth was created Lord Wentworth of Nettlested where his seate was then, and so long since butt at this day the posterity of that house do settle themselfes in other shires where neerer the court they are furnished with houses of greater state and acceptation. Earles of Suffolk There was also sometimes Earles of this County issued outt of ancient home bred families of this shire, who in those dayes had their cheife residency in these parts, as their severall monuments yett here extant do sufficiently testifle. This dignity was in time advanced to a dutchy, and as all things once coming to their highest period doe forthwith decline, so with the dayly change of this world it att length suffered an vtter downfall. GLANVILL, EARLE OF SUFFOLK 77 Glanvill, Earle of Suff: Butt first of the Earles whereof I And that William de Glanvyll baron of Bronhelme founder of the church of Bronhelme aboutt the 17^** of King Henry the first marryed Beatrice daughter of William de Sagavyle and had issue Randolph de Glanvill Lord of Bronhelme and cheife justice of England, created by King Henry the 2'^ the first Earle of Suffolk, hee built the Abbey of Buckland, and by Havisia his wife left two Sons, William Glanvil the eldest, and Geoffrey the 2'* son Lord of Ooverham who by Mar- garett his wife daughter of S"^ Geoffrey de la Hay Knight left two daughters and heires Emma married to S'' John Grey of Ealton, and Alice married to Robert Fitzrandolph lord of Middleham, William Glanvill the eldest son baron of Bronhelme and Earle of Suffolk died aboutt the 11'^ of King Henry the 3*^ and was buried in the Abbey of Buck- land leaving issue behind him Gilbert de Glanvill Earle of Suffolk, who for going against tlie king witli the barons and Symon de Mountforte, forfeited all and was fined for the same, hee had issue 2 sons Randolph de Glanvil the first and Gilbert de Glanvil the second son, who had issue S"^ Randolph de Glanvil knight, who left Elizabeth sole daughter and heire married to S"^ John Wingfeild knight, where ended the second branch of that honorable family of the Glanvylls. Vescrj Earle of Suffolk Randolph de Glanvyll the elder son founded the Abbey of Leyston and left onely one daughter and heire named 78 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Maud which was married to William de Vescye who by reason hereof was by king Edward the 2'^ created Earle of Suffolk, who left onely one daughter and heire Sarah Vescye which was married to S'^ Hugh Vflord Knight, and thus both the two honorable houses of Glanvill and Vescye tooke end almost together. Wingfeild Butt to proceed S*' John Wingfeild knight abouesaid left one onely daughter and heire named Isabell marryed to Michael de la Pool Lord Wingfeild whom King Richard the 2'^ in the 6**^ year of his raigne made Ohancellour of England, and for his great love vnto him, seing the heir male of the Vffords to faile in the 9**^ yeare of his reigne hee created him Earle of Suff: butt as to a man of much pride it is impossible that fortune should be long faithfull, and as prosperity exceeding a mans desert gives occasion to the vnwise to bee evill disposed and overween of themselues, so the immoderate honor and wealth of this new' Earle puffing up his heart w'ith a proud conceit of his ow'ne w'orthynesse, and a great contempt of the nobility and many others, whom by all meanes hee pursued, maligned and disgraced, that in the end spying liis owne danger wherein he stood (though too late) hated of all men, and w'ith all extremity persued of the nobility, hee privately fled out of the realme, and with great infamy died at Paris in France 1389. Hee was the son of William de la Pool whom King Edward the 3“^ made knight Bannerett and Katharine his wife sister of John WINGFEILD 79 Norwich knight by whom besides this said Michael de la Pool was left S'' Edmond de la Pool knight, and Mar- garett de la Pool married to-Nevill. Now this said Michael de la Pool had issue John de la Pool, besides Michael de la Pool the eldest son who being restored to his fathers dignity was the 2'' Earle of Suffolk, and died at the seige of Harfleur in the time of King Henry the about 1415, leaving Blanch de la Pool, married to the Lord Scrope, Michael de la Pool the 3‘* Earle of Suffolk slaine at the battaile of Agincourt withoutt issue in the time of King Henry the 1415, and William de la Pool the 4''*' Earl of Suffolk created in the 22'^ yeare of King Henry the Marquesse of Suffolk and soone after Duke of Suffolk. A lively example to teach in what instability this worlds weale standeth, what mischeife pride bringeth, and what miserable end it often procureth. This new Duke naturally high minded, no wayes able to brooke the glory of another, carried himselfe with such a disdaine of any others advancement, that himselfe onely being in favour, endeavoured to withstand every man, that at length such a deadly hatred w'as borne him, both of the nobles and commons, first for the conspiracy against Humphry Plantagenett duke of Glocester regent of England during the minority of King Henry the 6“* murdered at Bury as before is said, then for his counsell in the kings government suffering the losse of so many townes as hee did in France, with many other hainous matters objected against him in open parliament, as att the length hee was committed to the tower, and after¬ wards to blind the world and the eyes of the commons 80 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK rysen in armes for liis impunity, hee was for 5 yeares banished the realme, butt Gods justice so persued him that in the transportation of liimselfe to forreine parts, hee was taken at sea by certaine English men, who would never suffer him to goe to Land vntill in Dover road upon the side of a boat, after they had beheaded him they layd his body with the head on the sands, from whence it was after conveyed and here buried in Wingfeild College 1450, though some say hee was buried at the Charterhouse att Hull. Hee maried Alyce the sole daughter and heire of Thomas Chaucer son of that famous poett S'" Geoffrey Chaucer knight, by whom hee had one son John de la Pool duke of Suffolk, maried to Elizabeth daughter to Richard Plantagenet duke of York and sister to King Edward the 4*^** of this Elizabeth hee begatt 3 sons and one daughter Anne de la Pool married to the Duke of Rothesay the king of Scotts eldest son, John de la Pool the eldest son created by King Edward the 4^** earle of Lyncolne, who riseing in armes against King Henry the 7® with Martin Sward, was with him slaine in battaile at Stoke feild withoutt any issue 1487, upon the suddaine tydings whereof his father died presently for very sorrow. Edmund de la Pool 2*^ son Earle of Suffolk being oftentimes very graciously pardoned by King Henry the 7® for sundry new treasons and attempts was att length committed to prison and 1512 about the 4® yeare of King Henry the 8® was beheaded without any issue. Soon after the which Richard de la Pool the 3^ son banished the realme was with the French side slaine at the Battle of Pavy, in whose dayes was extinguished the GRAY DUKE OF SUFFOLK 81 noble house of the de la Poole’s. Such is the vnrestfull estate of all humane affaires, that being once entered into this world, the condition of their conversation runneth into infinite and intolerable miseries, and the higher men are raised in degrees of felicity the readier they incline to revolution. Brandon Duke of Suffolk Nott long after this King Henry the 8® installed S'' Charles Brandon viscount Lisle duke of Suffolk after married to Mary his sister widdow of Lewis the 12“' King of France, to whom succeeded his sons Henry and Charles both Dukes of Suffolk who died very young. Gray Duke of Suffolk These two having yeilded to nature withoutt any issue the Lady Francis his first daughter and co-heire was married vnto Henry Gray Marques Dorsett Lord Ferrers of Groby, whom King Edward the 6*^'' in the 5 yeare of his raigne created the last Duke of Suffolk, in which dignity hee not long continued, for when men are drowned in the ambitious desires of great tilings, most vehement is their hope which guideth all their actions to see the vttermost effect of all their purposes, in the managing whereof, when abandoning right they blindly run on with lawlesse lust, lamentable is the destruction and losse into which as into a bottomles and irrecoverable sea they L 82 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK quickly plunge themselfes. So fared it with tliis noble duke who whilest hee thirsted for the soveraignty of his daughter, and rashly arming himselfe against his lawfull soveraigne, hee was soon apprehended and sentenced with the losse of his head to sattisfie the penalty of so great a fault, which being performed in the first yeare of Queen Mary 1554 gaue a sorrowfull end, to the last duke of that noble family here in Suffolk. The Divisions of the County I proceed now to shew how this county is divided, the better to see the goverment, and the more easily to comprehend all that which followes. This county is divided into three vnequall parts the first and greatest is called the Gueldable because that here are all issues and forfeitures paid to the King; The second and next greatest part is called the Franchise or liberty of S‘® Edmonds Bury, where all issues and forfeitures were paid in old time to the Abbott of Bury, butt since the suppression that royalty belongeth to the Earle of Suffolk as high steward of the same, who putts in an vnder steward who acts in quality of an vnder sheriff vnto whom all issues and forfeitures are paid. The last and least part is the liberty or franchize of St. Etheldred, or Audrey which sometimes appertayned to the prior of Ely to whom it was granted by the Kings of this realme without any exception of civill or ecclesiasticall jurisdiction. ST. ETHELDRED 83 The Liberty of Beccles This country for the length of it, and devided with so many liberties vseth every quarter to keep sessions in 4 severall places, the first is for the Gueldable ever on the Munday held at Beccles or else at Blythborrow by the Justices of those precincts whither do resort these hundreds Lothingland, Mutford, Wangford, Blything and Hoxon. St. Etheldred The second Sessions beginneth ever on the Wednes¬ day and is liolden at Woodbridge for the liberty of St. Audrey by the Justices of that circuit whither doe resort these hundreds, Carleford, Thredling, Wylford, Plomysgate and Loesse. The Friday in the same weeke is the second quarter Sessions for the Gueldable held at Ipswich by the Justices of that devision where do appeare these hundreds, Har- tysmere, Stowe, Bosmere and Sampford. The last and fourth quarter Sessions is for the liberty of St. Edmunds Bury and beginneth ever on the Munday following the other 3 former Sessions, and is holden att Bury St. Edmunds by the Justices which dwell in that Franchize w'hither these following hundreds do resort, Cosford, Babergh, Rysbridge, Thedwardstrey, Black- burne, Lackeford, Thyngoe, and the halfe hundred of Exning. Besides this the borroughs of Ipswich and Bury St. Edmonds according to their Charters doe keep their Sessions quarterly in their severall places. 84 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Goverment derided And to come yett more neerer to the goverment of the shire I perceive it aflordeth a double regard, the one for the temporality the other for the spirituality both which as one vnited member of this English common¬ wealth do derive their authority from the Soveraignes of this land, and because the temporality is the greatest, I will as is most fltt begin with the same, which I againe putt into two branches that is the civill and the martiall government. Temporality Now for the civill with which I will begin first; so soone as the soveraignes of this land had distributed their dominions into certain limitts and portions called shires from the Saxon word which signifieth to cutt or devide, they committed their shires to some worthy person, who for his vallour and courage, could well defend his Country from all violence and danger, erect¬ ing herein a dignity, and ever advancing some excellent men to the same, onely to haue a wary regard for the goverment of the commonwealth. This cheife oflicer that thus ruled was called Comes, such an one as at this day wee take to bee an Earle, who was as the kings lieutenant to direct and to dispose, from the which name of Comes, as a Comite, every shire was called a County, and some call those Countes, that is Earles, as those who vnder the King yeilded an account for matters of justice, within their jurisdictions, where they were TEMPORALITY 85 highly esteemed and obayed for their upright justice, true vallour and magnanimity. From whence at their creation they were crowned with circles of Gold, and apparrelled in scarlett of honor, tryumph, marching within their places among the number of kings as sup¬ porters of his crowne and commonwealth. Of later yeares since this Monarchy hath received the best and absolute kind of goverment, the king each yeare in every shire electeth some Gentleman borne within this shire, both of worshipfull calling, and sufficient living, or else some other of like place and degree, resident within this County to bee his cheife officer there. This officer is called in lattine, Vicecomes as one appointed vice comitis, that is in the Earles stead, who in our common language is called a Sheire Reeve, that is to say the Reeve or baylive of the sheire or county, whose office is orderly to doe the execution of the com¬ mandments of the magistrates, and to gather up and account for the profitts of the shire that come to the kings exchequer. This Sbeir reeve attendeth ujjpon the execution of the sentences and commandments of the tribunals or Judges, if any fines or amerciaments bee levied in any of the kings courts upon any man, or any arrearages of accounts, or any other such occasions the shire reeve of the County doth gather the same, and is respondent therefore in the exchequer. In all contro¬ versies when it is come to an issue of the deed or fact there is a writt directed to the sherifle of the shire where the controversy is, to returne a Jury of 12 lawfull men to passe in triall of the cause. 86 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK The Sherifle serveth the Justiees of the peace in their quarter Sessions, as also the Justices called Itinerantes in their great Assizes, when they come into the shire, which is twice in the year, to dispatch and void actions, criminall and civill, depending at the common law, and w'hich bee now come to issue. The Sheriffe hath also the charge of all the prisoners committed to the prison, and when any is condemned to die, it is his charge to see the sentence executed, and so the execution of all other sentences, and judgements according to the law as the Judges do ordaine. This oflScer being once chosen by the Soveraigne outt of the better sort of the shire as one of sufficient 'wisdome, and abilitye, for that yeare is the generall and highest minister for justice and govern¬ ment of the Country. And albeit heretofore when this County of Suff: was vnited vnto Norfolke one Sherifle superintended both Counties, because the best of them was then deemed vnable to furnish a Sherifle for each perticular county, yett in these latter times, the estate of each County upon good consideration being well wayghed is found to bee so well emproved, and amply increased with suflScient choice of the better sort that to each County is appointed a severall Sherifle. So that yearly heere is within this County one sufficient person deputed to performe that place as by the order and number of Sherifles since the first year that this county was devided from Norfolk in the table here following doth appeare. KNIGHTS OP THE SHIRE 87 Knights of the Shire The conveiiientest place of assembly for the whole County is at Ipswich which is the County towne, where the knights of the shire for each parliament are chosen and where the Sheriffe keepeth his county dayes. Butt the most vsuall place for the assizes in respect of the conveniency of the Judges circuitt from Cambridg to Suffolk, and Norfolk is at St. Edmunds Bury. The common prison for all criminals belonging to the franchise of Bury is at Bury St. Edmunds, and for the liberty of St. Audrey it is at Melton. Butt the common Jayle for the Gueldable for all sort of offenders is att Ipswich. In all matters of charge which come from authority to bee levied generally up this Country this proportion is commonly vsed in their rates, if there come a warrant of 120^ to bee levied of the County, the liberty of St. Edmunds Bury beareth two parts that is 40^, the liberty of St. Audrey one part that is 20^, the Gueldable doth bear one halfe that is 60^. And for that choice of the knights of the shire and burgesses for every parliament followeth alwayes the summons to the parliament, it is to bee vnderstood, that when the Soveraigne hath once resolved of a parliament, the regall writt is sent to the Sheriffe of every county in England for the election of two knights for the parlia¬ ment, wherevpon upon some County day appointed by the Sheriffe, the Sheriffe in the presence of the free¬ holders of the shire thither summoned and assembled for that purpose readeth the Soveraignes regall writt for 88 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK election of the said knights, and then nameth and pro- poundeth some one vnto them for the first place, and then for the second place, which there elected by the greatest number of voices, the knights thus elected with all thankfullnes to the Country doe promise their vtter- most endeavours for the best good of the country. And whereas for the wages of the said knights during the parliament, they were then to bee rated and appointed how to bee levied in the full county, by the free holders then assembled, the said knights they elected do there promise to remitt the wages and charges. And so the whole County of Suffolk sendeth to the parliament two knights, which since the first devision of the shire from Norfolk were in every parliament as here followeth. Anno Elizabeth 23. S"^ Nicholas Bacon Knight Thomas Sackford Esq"^ . . 27. S"^ William Drury Knight S"^ Robert Jermyn Knight . . 28. S'' Robert Jermyn Knight S'" John Heigham Knight . . 31. Anthony Wingefeild Esq’' Arthur Hopton Esq’^ . . 35. Edmund Bacon Esq"^ S’" Clement Heigham Knight . . 39. S’'William Waldegrave Jun"^ Knh Henry Warner Esq’^ ^ . . 43. S*^ Henry Glemham Knight Calthrope Parker Esq*" And for the burroughes and ports within this county which doe send burgesses to the parliament house, so Anno Anno Anno Anno Anno Anno jl581 }l585 }l587 }l589 ]l593 }l601 JUSTICES OP THE PEACE 89 soon as the writt of Summons cometh to the Sheriffe, tlie Sheriffe maketh his warrant and sendetli to the cheife offleers of every burrough wlio ought to send burgesses to the parliament within this eounty, to make election of their burgesses for the parliament newly summoned, where¬ upon each burrough forthwith maketh election of their burgesses which they doe send to the parliament accord¬ ingly. Now the burroughs and ports which doe send burgesses to the parliament are these which I find as they here follow. The burrough of Ipswich—The burrough of Dunwich— The burrough of Orford—the burrough of Aldborough— The burrough of Sudbury—The burrough of Eye—The burrough of St. Edmunds Bury—which burroughes send two burgesses a peice to the parliament. So likewise for the Clergie, the whole county att each parliament affordeth a Clarke, chosen one time outt of the Clergie within the Archdeaconry of Suffolk, and att the next time outt of the cleargie within the Arch¬ deaconry of Sudbury, which it sendeth to the Convoca¬ tion house. Justices of the Peace And because the state of this country may bee the better deemed, I thinke it nott amisse here to insert the names of all the Justices of the peace which were resident here within this Country, and as they were pleaced in the commission of the peace att the assizes for this County held at Bury St. Edmunds the 21st of February M 90 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK 1602 in the 4o and last yeare of the raigne of that great and famous princesse Queen Elizabeth. John Clynch one of hir majesties Justices in the ^— Henry North Kn* William Waldegrave Kn‘ Phillip Parker Kn* Arthur Heveningham Kn* Robert Jermyn Kn‘ Thomas Barnardiston Kn*' Nicholas Bacon Kn* John Heigham Kn* Henry Glemham Kn* Robert Gardiner Kn‘ Anthony Wingefeild Kn* Edmond Wyttypoll Kn*' William Poley Kn‘ Henry Gaudy Esq’'® Michael Stanhope Esq”® Robert Ashfeild Esq”® Francis Jermy Esq”® John Thurston Esq”® John Jermyn Esq”® John Gurdon Esq” Henry Warner Esq” Thomas Rowse Esq” Mathew Orochroode Esq” Nicholas Garnish Esq” Lyonell Talmache Esq” Edward Bacon Esq” Anthony Felton Esq” Edward Lewkener Esq” John Ryvett Esq” Thomas Stutevile Esq” Thomas Eden Esq” John Lang Esq” Thomas Crofts Esq” Edmund Pooley Esq” Robert Barker of Parham Esq” Thomas Ryvott Esq” John Le Hunt Esq” Thomas Playters Esq” John Tasborough Esq” Edward Honynges Esq” JohnQueintforthof Sowerby Esq” William Grymeston Esq”® Edmund Bokenham Esq” Thomas Kempe Esq” John Gilbert Esq” William Clopton Esq” Thomas Tyrrell Esq” Robert Gosnoll Esq” George Waldegrave Esq” Arthur Penning Esq” ^ The words ‘ Queen’s Bench ’ seem to be required here. See p. 136, and the note thereto. MARTIALL GOVERMENT 91 Martiall Goverment To come now to the other branch which is of martiall goverment, if any bee curious to vncierstand what numbers of able men bee within this shire, lett him by the better observation of these bands here already established, selected, and alwayes in action furnished, give a probable conjecture; so may hee aime at his desire which he shall find far beyond his expectation. For since this latter age that the Bishop of Rome with the Jesuits his fire¬ brands, have sett the fiames of devision in all the king¬ doms of this part of the world, from whence hath proceeded these lamentable tragedies, which noe former time could equalize, necessitie hath enforced each state to arme it selfe in its owne defence, vnlesse it should willingly suffer it selfe to bee totally devoured by the next mighty power, whom the pope had authorized upon his secure weake, and vnprovided neighbour. And there¬ fore the most wise and carefull Soveraigne Queen Elizabeth of ever w^orthy memory by the advice of her prudent counsell for the defence of this realme, and of all such as had recourse to her protection, did sundry yeares since in every shire throw hir dominions establish certaine bands of ordinance or martiall goverment, or regiments as a subsidiary cohort, ever furnished, trained, and ready in action to suply all occasions which shall befall either defencively or offencively, as in the yeare 1588, when the Spanish Leviathan floating upon our narrow seas, with his huge invincible Armado, to make an vtter conquest of this Hand, our supreme authority 92 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK called the forces of sundry Countries to the fittest places for protection of the state, and entertainment of so great a guest. Among others there then marched by commandment of authority vnto the Camp of Tilbury in Essex out of this County these bands and Captaines as you have them here sett downe all choice men and dis¬ ciplined and singularly furnished. S’" William Waldegrave Knight had in his band 500 men. William Spring Knight had in his band 500 men. S'" Nicholas Bacon Knight had in his band 500 men. S'" John Heigham K‘ had in his band 500 men. Robert Foorde Esq’’ had in his band 500 men. Those bands which were left in the County to defend the Inland with the ports and landing places were these. S’’ Robert Wingfeild K‘ had in his band 500 men. S’’ Phillip Parker K‘ had in his band 500 men. S’’ Robert Jermyn Kn* had in his band 500 men. S” Tliomas Barnardiston Kn‘ had in his band 500 men. I omitt other forces then at home reduced into a regular forme of discipline well furnished and appointed. So againe in August 1599 when authority called cer- taine forces both footmen and horse men outt of this shire into the parts of Essex near London for defence of the Court against secret purposes intended, there went outt of this shire certaine troopes of horsemen well mounted, with good armour, and faire coats, whose cap¬ taines with their companies were as here followeth. The number of horses with the names of the owners of the same, which were delivered to George Brooke Esq’' the 15 of August 1599 to bee conducted to Brent- MARTIALL GOVERMENT 93 wood in the County of Matie. Francis Jermy Esq'’ William Snyder Esq' Robert Gosnold Esq' Margarett Cornwallys . Francis Warner Gent: . Leonard Spencer . William Glover Robert Mawlyn Samuell Crosse John Purpett Francis Colby Esq' John Sowthwel Esq' Humphry Wingefeild Esq' Francis Colborne . George Kyrke Robert Snelling Robert Cutler Anthony Penning . Francis Brewster . Robert Aldred Richard Berry Thomas Plater Esq' William Grudgfeild John Wells Michael Hare Esq' John Tasborough Esq' . Robert Barker esq' Ambrose Duke Gent Thomas Edgar Gent Essex for the service of her 2 Edward Cage . . 1 2 William Mylduall . . 1 1 Thomas Syclemore . 1 1 Arthur Jenny Esq' . 1 1 Edmund Barker . . 1 1 John Nollar . . .1 1 Nicholas Battelye . 1 1 Richard Selling . . 1 1 William Mott . . 1 1 Robert Langley . . 1 1 John Queintforth Esq' . 2 1 William Grymeston Esq' 1 1 John Ryvett Esq' . . 1 1 Samuell Hassett gent: . 1 1 John Hawfen . . 1 1 John Lane . . .1 1 William Smyth . . 1 1 George Gooding . . 1 1 George Harisou . . 1 1 Richard Brooke Esq' . 1 1 Edward Bacon, Esq' . 1 1 Anthony Bull Gent: . 1 1 William Blomefeild . 1 1 Christopher Burrowe . 1 2 William Smart . . 1 2 John Knap . . . 1 1 John Morgan . . . 1 1 Humfrey Yermoutli . 1 1 Anthony Cooke . . 1 94 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Symon Mawe Gent . 1 John Brame . . . 1 William Bull . . 1 William Gooding . . 1 Thomas Ballett . . 1 Edmund Pooley Esq’’® . 1 John Gilbert Esq’^ , . 1 John Mawlby . . 1 John Aldrydge . . 1 The number of horses in j Subscribed— Phillip Par Robert Elmye . . 1 Robert Woorlyche . 1 Thomas Bateman . . 1 Sigismund Jollye . . 1 James Selling . . 1 Francis Claxton . . 1 William Oudden . . 1 Nicholas Battely Jun’’ . 1 William Aldhuse . . 1 1 is 81. ER. Anthony Wingfeild. The names of the knights and gentlemen especially appointed by letters from her majesty to find lawnces and light horses within the limitts of S*' Phillip Parker and S" Anthony Wingfeild knights. Light Lawnces, Horses. S" Pliillip Parker Lyonell Talmache S’" Edmond Wyttypol Robert Foorth . Richard Brooke Francis Jermy . John Browne S" Anthony Wingfeild Anthony Bull Francis Colby Anthony Felton . Robert Barker . Phillip Tilney Thomas Rowse . 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 MARTIALL GOVERMENT 95 There was also att that time out of the Franchise of Bury another regiment of horse men committed to- Harvie of Ikeworth Esq*' which were likewise conducted to the parts about London for the service of hir Majestie which were as followeth. S* William Waldegrave S* Robert Jermyn S* William Spring S*' Thomas Kytson -Mannock Esq* Roger Martin Esq* John Daniel Esq* John Gourdon Esq* Thomas Eden Esq* William Clopton Esq* . George Colt Esq* -Poole Esq*® Thomas Coe clothier . William Auston John Brand clothier . Thomas Appleton Esq* -Shoreland . S* Thomas Barnardiston Robert Reyce -Smyth of Barthelmewes George Colte Francis Thornedycke Samuell Colman . Lawnces. 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Light Horses. 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 96 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK -Fortescue Esq''® . William Olopton Esq" -Doylye Esq" John Gilbert Esq" Robert Rolfe Esq"® William Foorde Esq"® . George Waldegrave Esq" . William Risbye Esq"® Roger Martin Esq"® . Francis Todder Esq"® . Robert Rookewood Esq" John Nunne Esq" William Webbe Esq"® . -Claxton Esq"® -Castleton Esq"® . -Ry vett Esq"® Edward Rook wood Esq"® . -Sty ward Esq"® . -Waren Gent: . -Golding Gent: Thomas Estottyvile Esq"® . John Jermyn Esq"® -Tolcarne Esq" -Smyth of Hunden Thomas Crofts Esq" . -Croftes of Bardwel Robert Drewry of Ruffam Esq"® S" John Heigham Light Lawnces. Horses. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 HAVENS AND PORTS 97 Light Lawnces. Horses. S'" Henry North.1 1 Henry Warner Esq’^ .... 1 0 Edward Lewkener Esq™ ... 1 1 Roger Barber Gent: .... 1 0 -Hayward Gent: .... 1 0 -Dandye Gent: .... 1 0 -- Muskette.1 0 1 would be loath to omitte here the generall forces of our Oleargie both on foot and horse backe, as they are charged in respect of their livings, whose doctrine ever more tending to a forward encouragement of every good subject in this dutifull service, is much more confirmed, with their owne lively examples of large and cleare shining lights in this kind of worke. In times past they were mustered and trained by themselves, and by Oaptaines appointed by their Diocesan, butt experience teaching the charge was great, made the owners to require they might bee inserted into the companies and trayned bands of the layetie, which since it was used they acknowledge their charge lesse, and tlieir armes better enabled to their great content for the service of the State. Havens and Ports And because I have nott as yett spoken of our Havens, Oreekes, and landing places before I goe any further I will sett them downe. Ipswich the greatest now in use, 98 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK whose neernes to the maiue sea, security of large har¬ bour, great conveniency for building of ships, very nauch there in practice, with diversity of traffick to all parts of Christendome, hath mightily inriched this towne. The next to this lyeth Woodbridge an inland haven with a convenient port and harbour sufficiently commodious for erecting of shipping and traffick of merchandize. Our next haven is Orford, somewhat neerer the sea. Then Aldborough full vppon the maine sea. So likewise Duuwich in time past most convenient, though now decayed, and almost swallowed up by the sea. Not far from which is Sowolde. And then Leystofte, vntill you come to that part of Yarmouth which is on the south side of the river Hiere, doe finish the number of our havens of all which I forbeare to speake vntill in the next part I come to the description of every towne and village. Sh ipping Lett it suffice to know that our shipping from these places are furnished according to each mans abilitie, fly boats, wherry boats, barges, lighters, keeles, barkes, hulkes, hoyes, and shipps, which in the whole doe make a convenient navy. And therefore for our navy and forces at Sea if I should nott here afford them a place, I might justly bee challenged, butt as in all former times they haue willingly shewed their ready deuty, so in these our dayes they haue with all approved diligence employed their ever ready assistance. In the 18‘^ yeare SHIPPING 99 of King Edward the 3*', being the yeare of our Lord 1359; when to bee revenged of John the French King for his severall injuries ollered vnto him, King Edward went with his huge fleet of 700 ships, and 14151 mariners to the seige and taking of Oalice, as is found in tlie rowle of that fleet extant in the Kings Wardrobe in London, there appeareth that from the ports in this shire was then furnished, from Dunwich, C ships and 102 marriners, from Orford 3 ships and 62 marriners, from Ipswich 12 ships and 239 marriners. A proportion very great yett sutable to those times, when as no person or place spared to straine themselves to their vttermost ability to furnish the necessities of so noble and mag¬ nanimous a prince. In these our dayes Anno 1588 to march with our forces against that huge Castillian Babell I find that the towne of Ipswich at their owne costs and charges furnished 2 ships well victualled, armed, and manned. So in the English voyage to Portugall anno 1589 vnder those two famous generals S’^ Francis Drake and John Norrys knights I find from these parts these ships furnished. In the first squadron was the Susan of Aldborough of - tunne over which was Oaptaine Olyfford. In the 2'’ Squadron was the James of Ipswich of 180 tunne over which was Oaptaine Bindes. The William of Ipswich of ICO tunne over which was Oaptaine Boyer. The red lyon of Ipswich a hoy of 160 tunne over which was Oaptaine Ohampernell. In the 3^* Squadron was the pelican of Aldborough of 180 tunne over which was Oaptaine Appleton. 100 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK In the Squadron was the Greyhound of Aldborough of 180 tunne over which was Oaptaine Pullysant. In the 5“" Squadron was the William a hoy of Ipswich of 200 tunne over which was Oaptaine Furthowe. Beacons Here I may nott omitt the great use of Beacons which are in these parts erected neere the sea side, upon the highest hills, which may be furthest seen into the inland, these in times of danger upon the enimies invasion, are carefully watched both with foot and horse, and upon the enimies discovery are fired, which presently gives knowledge to the next inland Beacons, whose fires once perceived the whole Country ariseth and presently armeth. The beacons which wee haue are these. Another good observation both pleasing and profit- table I cannott here omitt to expresse the state of this country in former times, by which the judicious com¬ paring things to these dayes may well see the vicissitude of this worlds revolution. And this is a coppy of the names of all the hundreds, burroughs, townes and vil¬ lages with the Lords of every cheife Manner there within this county of Suffolk, as they were certified into the Exchequer by vertue of a writt directed to the Sheriffe of this county from King Edward the 2'* in the yeare of his raigne 1315. Edwardus del grii Rex Angl dus Hibernie dux Aquitanie vi8 Corrl Suff. Saltern. Quia quibusdam certis causis certiorare LORDS OF MANORS 101 volumus que et quot hundred sunt in Battia tua et quo? sint et que et quot Civitates, Burgi, et viit sunt in quolibt hundred illorfi, et qui sunt dfii eorundem Tibi pi-ecipimus injungend qiiod rood et vijs oibus quibus plenius et diligentius poteris te informes de premissis. Ita qd sup px. pfrum tuu ad Scaccarij nfi Thesaurarios et Barones nros de eod scaccio possis inde plenius informari et tu ipse in propria psona tua sis ad dictum Scaccum sup px pfruih turn ex hac causa nisi tune licehc a nobis hueris absens esse et tunc p illu que sup dictum profrih turn p te mittes ad Scaccarij pd Thesau? et Barones nros pred de premissis fa8 plenius informare. Ita qd in te vel in ipso quern pro te ad dictum Scaccarium sic mittes defcus aliquis non inveniaf^ p qd ad te graviter capiamus. Et habeas ibi hoc Bfe. Teste me ipso apud Clipston quinto die Marti] Anno Regni nri Nono.^ Hundredum de Hertismere et Stone sunt in vi8 CoS Suff. Villate eorundum Villa? de Eye . et est dhs ejusdem dhs Edwardus Rex Witheringselt dhs Epus Eliensis Aspall . dhs Wiltus de Bottiler Cranle '] Coke lingate | Sutton et 1 Langton J 1 1 ■ dhs dhs Rex Anglig Yakeslee dhi 1 ' dhs Rex Angli§ prior 1 de Hoxon Burgate dhs Petrus de Burgate * See Fuller’s Worthies, 365. 102 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK 'Joties de Hoe Oclee ^ . diii Nicbus de Beaufu Sutton 1 Broome . diii Robtus de Bokinham .Jobes Boylounde Barthus Davillers Redgrave ^ . dfii . j 'Abbas de 8*^*° Edmondi Hered: Thome Talbott Rickiugall J Finninghani'j . diis 1 . hue? ptem Adam de Coniers ^^Westhorpe j Wyverston . . diis Hugo Hovell Brokeford'i . diis Abbas 8“^** Edmundi Thwyate j Cotton Mendlesham . dni . et est dns • ] Wyllebnus Bryseworth Richardus Champeigne Jobes Boutetort Thorndon . dns diis Edwardus Rex Redlingfeild . diis j'priorissa monialis de 1 Redlingfield Bryseworth . . Dili 1 'George de Thorpe \ William le Parker Melles . dns Jobes de Swymford Thrandeston . dni I^Petf Manneysyn \joftes Madefeild Palgrave . diis Abbas de Sc*® Edmondi Woortham . . Dili 1 'Abbas de Scto Edmondi \ Gerardus de Wachesham Gyslyngham . diii . 1 Fulcho de Goldingham Jobes de Westlee Baketon . dns .Jobes de Boylande Epus Norwices LORDS OP MANORS 103 Thornehoon'i . dhs . Prior de Ely Stoke j Wickham . dhs . Abbas SctiJoftisColcest? Ryshangle . . dhs Thomas de Hicklinge Hundredum de Stowe est in vie: Com: Sufi: Haughle . dhs dhs Edwardus Rex Wetberden . . dhi Abbas Seti Edmondi , Radus de Scales Onebouse . dhs Barthus Davillers Tborney Newton ’v . dhs Riebus de Admondvill \ Gipping j . dhs Arnoldus Mowntney Creting . dhs Thomas de Latymer Shelland . dhs Robtus Belett Stowe . . dhs Abbas Sct§ Osithe 'Robtus de Vfforde Combees . dhi . . . Jobes de Thorpe Wybus de Boyton Pryor de Butler Finbergh . dhi Jobes Piparde Robtus fil: Walter! 'Riebus Weylande Buxhall . dhi Rogerus Sturmy Robtus Cockerell .Jobes Tendringe Newton vetus . dhs Wittus de Boyton Herston . dhs Prior de Butler 104 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Hundrediim de Bosmere et Cleydon in Manu vi8: pro Dno Rege Bramford . dhs Blakenham sup: aqua Somersham . . dns Ringesele . dns Barking . dfis Stoneham . dns Codenham . . dhs Hemyngton . . dhs Creating . dhs AVyllesham . . dhs Swynelande . dhs Thurleston . . dhs Cleydon ^ . dhs Akenham j Beighlam Nettlested Blakenham J . dhs . dhs Bayleham . Often "j BrycettJ . dhs . dhs Battisford . . dhs Muckfeild . dhs Stoneham . dhs Ashe . . dfis Gosebecke . . dhs Creating . dhs Helmingham . dhs Epus Eliensis Abbas de Becherlewyne Johes de Bohun Joties de Burnevylle Prior Eliensis Comes Norff. Pryor de Royston Johes Bacon Pryor de Wymlington AVittus de la M. Thomas de Latymer Prior scti petri de Gippo Johes Bacon Prior Eliensis Thomas de Vere Johes de Burnavill Richus Loveday Phus le Columber: Johes de Boyland Petf. Gernegen Phus Harneys Radus de Gosebecke Prior de Creating Johes de Thorpe LORDS OF MANORS 105 Westerfeild. . dus Whettenton . diis Henley . . dils Witlus de Weylande Epus Eliensis Sacristar Norui8 eccti? trinitat/is Dimidium Hundred! de Mutford est in manu Edi de Hennegrave pro Dno Rege Mutford . diis . Edus de Hennegrave Kyssingland . dns . Robtus de Monte alto Gyselham . dns . Edus de Hennegrave Hundredum de Sampford est in manu Vi8 Coin: Kyrketon . diis . Wittus Vicedelue Herkested . . diis . Wittus le Bretoun Statton . dns . Wittus Vicedelue Bergholt . dus Phus de Orebye Heigham . diis . Johes de Reynes Roydon . dns . Robtus de Roydon Capell . . dns Wittus filius Radi Belsted mag . dns . Abbas de Albemarlia Tatingston . , diis . Johes Holbrook Freeston . diii l-Johes de Holbrook (Johes de Freston Belsted pva . . diis . Johes de Goldingham Hintlesham. . diii 1 " Johes Talbot \Margeria Pypard Everwarton . dns . Barthus Davillers Holbrook . diis . Johes de Holbrooke Brantham . . diis Wittus de Brantham 106 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Stratford . dns Shelley . dns Wenham mag: dna Wenham pva j Holton . dns Bentley . dns Whersted . . dns Corpedocke. . dns Chylminton . dns Woolf erton i Sproughton . dns Hundred um de Hoxon Hoxon dns Sylham 'i Essham J dui Mendam dui Stradbrooke'i Wyngefeild / dns Tattington cum'| Brundisli J dns Badingham dni Bedefeild^ dni Stasted j Weeleberge dns Johes de Stratford Joties de Applebye Petronella de Hol- broocke . Witlus de Boyton Hugo Tallemache Robtus de Roydon Ricbus de Corpedocke Edwardus Rex Angli§ Wiitus de Ormesbye in manu Epi Norwicensis . Epus Norwicensis Alicia de Scto Mauro Prior Monachof de Thet- ford Comes Oxoni Roger filius Wiiimi (^Ricbus de Brewsa in \ custodia Edi Bacon Wiitus de Rumgton Wiitus de Bovill Ricbus de Mandevill Radus de Hardi’ichshall I'Comes Marescaly prior \ de Eye Wittus de Bovyll LORDS OF MANORS 107 Horbam ■» . dni Atblington/ Denham . dns Way bred "i Wetbersdale/ dlls Fresingfeild . dili Laxfeild . dni Dynington . . dni Kelsball '> dila Carleton / Wirlingworth'i . dlls et Soham J Bedingfeild’i Sowtbolte / . dili { Petr Gernegan Roger filius et heres Wiiti de Hungerford in custod: Joh: de Gray Jobes de Castre Oliverus de Ingham 'Abbas scti Edmondi Egidij Launce • Richus filius Egidij de Brewsa in custodia .Edi Bacon Jobes de Pownte Jobes de Hoe Wittus de Bovill Radus de Hardrichshall Comitissa Mareschals noig dotis Abbas scti Edmundi Abbas Scti Edmondi 'Abbas de Colcestria Matild relicta Edi Bedingfeild Wiiius de Bovill noie custod: bef: • Wittmi Gyllingham 108 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Dimidium Hundred! de Luthingeland est in manu Comitis Richmondif Bradwel Belton, et Fritton Oston Flixton - Blundeston Lounde Jernemuth pva Gorleston Lowystock Gorton Gunton Hopton Somertowne Askebye et Herlingfleete Burgh dhi dni dui dhi dhi dhs rBarthus Davillers \ Prior de Leighes ( Edus Bacon Wittus de Amye Robtus de Blundeston f Johes de Brittannia \Comes de Richmondia j"Prior de Norwico \johes de Gorton ( Roger de Lowdham Robtus de Inglose Katherina filig, Osberti Prior de Bromholme Hundredum de Blithinge est in manu TV: de Norwico Thesaurario Layston . . dhs Westleton . . dhi f Abbas de Leyston \Pet? de Dunwico "Witius de Bovylle Augustinus de la - Faleyse Johes de Rysinge LORDS OP MANORS 109 Deereham Yoxford . Bromfeild "j Pesenhall J- Melles J Mydleton'i Fordlee / Blithburgh Sybton 'j Wallepole J- Cuckeley J . dni dfli . dni . dns . dni Wenbastoni Tburcton / . dni Wolbeston Heveningbam Halleswortbl Cratefeild / Wyssett ' Holton Spectesball Runburgb dni dni dni Brampton y . dm Stoven J Reydon -j Sowtbolde J- . dni Easton J ( Prior monacbor de Tbet- ford Adam de Swyllington rNicbolaus de Segrave IWalterus de Norwico { Adam de Swyllington Ricbus de Weylonde Johes de Clavering ( Abbas de Sybton Robtus Rose Jobes de Fressingfeild Petronella de Nerforde Johes de Cove Tbomas George Witius de Weston /■Robtus de Vbbeston (.Roger de Heveningbam r Johes de Argenton I Johes de Cove t Wiitus de Rosse (Petronella de Nerford ( Wiitus de Kerdeston Robtus de Sefeilde Richus de Byskele ( Andomaf de Valence Hered: CoS Glocestef: Thomas de Bavente 110 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Wrentham . . diii Benaker ^ Bulcampe V Brege J Huntingfeild Lynsted mag; Lynsted ^va diii dns Cheddestonl Blitheforde J . dfii Westhall ^ Sowtherton )■ Henham J Vggeshall "I Frostenden/ . dfii . dui Northalls . diii Hensted"!^ Cove i . dui ( Symon de Pereponte Hered: Niciii de Poyn- inges. 'Symon de Pereponte Wilius de Kerdeston Johes de Comone .Johes de Peringland /Rogerus filius et heres vWiiimi de Huntingfeild { Joiies de Boylounde Hugo Hovell Thomas de Bavente Hamo de Micklefeild 'Rohtus de Aspal Walter de Bernham Wittus de Kerdeston .Wittus Ibbegard /Katherina filia Osberti ^Richus de Byskele f Jobes de Cove Walter de Cove j Petronella de Nerforde iRichus de Byskele ' Symon de Pereponte Margeria de Poynings - Jobes de Cove , Petronella de Nerforde. LORDS OF MANORS 111 Hundredum de Wangford est in manu w: de Norwico Thesauraf: Werlingham) Cove J . dhi Saterley "j Shadingfeild J- Willingham J . dui Ilketeshall , . dui Southelmham . diis Beckles 'j Endegate/ . diis Bungey . dua Barsham ) Shipmeadowi . dui Mettingham . dhi Ryngefeild -j Readsham pva/ . dui Elghe 1 Weston V Vpredishamj . dui /■Andoma? de Valence Comes Penbrook Abbas Scti Edmondi Hugo de Berry Katherina filia Osberti ( Ectus de Saterley Hugo de Berry Elizabeth Bruysgard f Comittissa Marischale A Guido Ferre I Jacobus de Ilketeshalle Epus Norwicens Abbas Scti Edmondi rOomitissa Marischatl \ noie dotis ( Robtus Barsham Henry de Wyllington Walter de Norwico 'Comittissa Marischal Guido Ferre Jacobus de Ilketeshall , Walter de Norwico ( Roes de Readsham Johes filius et heres Wiiti de Vallibus ("Edus Rex Angli§ ^Hugo de Berry 112 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Libertas Sanctae Etheldredae in qua sunt quinque Hundred: et dimid: quae sunt prioris Ely. Vizt. Plomesgate, Carleford, Willford, Colneys, Loes, et Thredling, vt patet in sequentibus. Aldeburgh "j . dfii HasellwoodJ Sudburne . dns Tunstall WantisdenJ . diia Benhale FernehamJ Saxmundham . dni . diis Rendham'i^ . dni Brusyard j Perham . dns Snapes "j . diis Freston/ Blaxhall . diis Doningworth^ . dfii Iken J Stermsfeild . . dns Glemham'j Glemham . . diii Stratford J Cramford "v Swystlingj . diii Otteley Hunc . dns Grundisburgh"/ . diii Burgh i Hundredum de Plomesgate /"Prior de Snapes I dementia deTitleshalle . . Prior Eliensis Comitissa Marischall: I" Guido Ferre \Wittus de Cleydon . . Thomas Verley ^ Johes de Brusyard \Henricus Hoe . . Robtus de Vfford Prior de Snapes . . Richus de Weylonde rComes Norff: I Roger Sturmyn . . Jobes de Mandavill rWiSus de Kerdeston \ Prior de Butley I" Prior de Leyes \WiHus de Dallizoune Jobes Paynell r Robtus de Tuddenham lEva de Viford LORDS OF MANORS 113 Dealings "i Dealings V . SackefordJ Clopton Haskton Martlesham 1 Newborne Waldringfeikl J Playford Drightwelj Culphoe Tuddenhaiu / Foxehall ^ Kessegravej Alderton Holeslee Sansham / Ramesholte'i Drunesicale j Peterstree'l Wickham Lowdham ^ Ryshemere ^ Allingsburnej Wetnesham. Dawdresey Dayton \ Capele / Sutton Melton'll Vfford J :/■ dfii dlls dlls dlls dili dili dlls dlls dlls dili dili dili dlls diis dlls dlls dili I Robtus de Tuddenham iJohes Hubert Thomas de Lattymere David de Fletwicke Ricbus de Drewsa r Johes Playford I Johes de Lampett I'Johes de Vidoun \ Johes de Lowdham Johes de Holbrooke Hugo de Naunton Comes Norffolciae r Johes de Peyton IComes Mariscall f Robtus de Vfford ^Johes de Lowdham f Johes de Holbrooke iRichus Lewe Edmundus Dacon Robtus de Vfford Symode de Ratlesden Richus de Glanvill j'Robtus de Vfford \ Prior Eliensis 114 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Bredefeild \ Boulge I Debache et ps de Dallingho dfia rMargaretta Regina An I gliae Walton 'I FylstowJ Nacton 1 Levington V Stratton J Trymlee'i Frymleej Bokelsham\ Helmlee Altereston . Kyi'keton ffaltenhamj Hundredum de Colneys dus . Comes Noi’ffolciae dui j Johes de Holbroocke 1 Johes Stratton dhi rEpus Cestriae 1 Wittus Vicedeluer Dfii . Prior de- Hundredum de Loes Framyngham Soame Comitis j dus Cretingham . dus Brandeston . dus Ketlebergh . diis Ashe , dlls Rendesham . dus Kenton dus Monewden . . dus Easton dus Marlesford . . dus Comes Norffolciae Johes Colvyle Wittus Weylonde Comes Norffolciae Comes Norffolciae Johes de Colvyle Nigellus de Kenton Johes de Abdam Johes Charles Barthus de Sakevyle LORDS OP MANORS 115 Carleford i Letheringhamj dfii jhl: Willi Weylande IWilius de Bovylle Hoe, Woodbridge'j Dallinghoe ) dhs . Comes Norffolcise Eyke Buttler"^ Gategraue j dhs . Comes Norffolciae Hundredum de Thredlinge Debenham'i dhi r Prior de Elye Wynston / 1 Wittus de Beauchampe Ashfeildl Thorpe / dhi ("Robtus de Monte alto iNigellys de Kenton Framisden'i^ Petaghe J dhs . Robtus de Monte Alto Dimidium Himdredi de Ixeninge Novus mercatus . diis . . Johes de Argenton ( Comes Penbroocke Thomas de Kemeswye Thomas de Gardinis Non est aliqua Civitas in Comitatu Suffolciaj Burgi 'I Villa Gippewici yin manibus diii Regis Dounewich Oreford J Sciendum quod in libtate Scti Edi est villa Scti Edmondi, et Abbas de Scto Edo est dns ejusde villae. 116 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Hundredum de Babergh est in eadem libtate, et Abbas de Bury est dns ejusdem Hund. Stoke Neylande . dna Assington . dfis Buers . dha Newton Boxefordi diis Grotton / dns Waldingfeild mag: dhs Lanham dns Posted dns Weston dna Cornard mag: ^ Cornard pva j dni Sudbury dfis Acton . dns Waldingfeild pva. dni Eleigh Monachof . dns Illighcombus? dni Preston dns Melford dlls Cavendish dlls Somerton dns Stansted diis Shympling . dlls fMargaretta Regina \ Angliae Roger Corbett dna de Poyninges Wiiius Boutevilleine Abbas Scti Edmundi Jobes Brokesbourne Comes Oxonij Jacobus de Lamberne dna Egidiade Horkesley Abbattissa de Mallinges Thomas de Graye Comes Glocestriae Robtus de Buers I'Wittus fil: Radi IWitius de Beauchamp Prior Cantuarensis Abbas Setae Osithae Jobes Shelton Prior Scti Jobis Jertem Abbas Scti Edmundi Jobes de Clynton Thomas de Burgh I" Gerardus de Waches- l ham Robtus fil: Walter! LORDS OP MANORS 117 Edwardston dhs Mylding diis Remegius de Mylding Cookfeild dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Glemisford . dhs Epus Eliensis Boxted dhs Witlus de la Lee Hartest dhs Epus Eliensis Lawshall dhs Abbas de Ramsey Alpheton dhs Jobes de Welnetham Hundredum de Cosforde est in eadem libtate et Abbas de Bury Scti Edi est dus ejusdem Hundred! Hadleigh dhs Prior Cantuariensis Keryson dhs Hugo de Dispenser Hecham i Watchara ( dhs Ej5us Eliensis Seamoiir dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Biltyston dhs ^ Thomas de Loveyne Helmesett . dha Johanna de Bohun Nedging dhs Henry de Stanton Leyham dhs Hugo de dispenser Aldhain dhs Comes Oxonij Whatfeild-)^ Nawlton J dhs Thomas de Okefeild Chellisworth dhs Jobes de Scto Philberto Brettenham dhs Comes Glocestr Kettebarston dhs Thomas de Rydeware Thorpe dhs Hugo de Morieux Sec Weavers funerall monuments, fol. 629. 118 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Hundredum de Risbridge est in eadem libtate et Abbas scti Edi est dns ejiisdem Hundred! Haveryll . dns Henricus de Helvin Wrotting mag: . dhs Richus de Talleworth Thrillo mag: . dns Gilbertus Peachye Bradley mag: . dfis Johes Boutetourte Cowluges . dhs Robtus de Aspall Dalham, cum'^ Tunstall / . dha Regina Margaretta Mowlton . dhs Wittus de Beaiichampe Ouuesden . dhs Wilius Kreketott Chetbar . dhs Thomas de Veredon Stradesele . . dhs Comes Glocestf: Stansfeild . . dhs Thomas de Graye Poselingworth . dhs Richus de Cornerde Honedon . dhs Comes Glocestf: Stoke Boyton ^ et Chylton J . dhs Prior de Stoke Wydekeshee . dhs Hamo de Sutton Wetherisfeild . dhs Wittus de Grymesby Wrotting pva . dhs Albericus de Capells Thrillo pva . . dhs Abbas Scti Edmund! Bradley pva . dhs I'Jordanus de Wythers- \ feild Lydgate . dhs Johes de Hastings Denham . dha Margeria de Saye Gydysley, cum) Kenford > . dha Comitissa Glocestef Appeden . dhs Wittus de Waunty LORDS OP MANORS 119 Wickham brooke . dns Johes de Hastings Denardeston dus Thomas de Gray Hawkeden . dfis Thomas de Mowlton Chippele dfis Gilbertus Peachey Clare . . in manu Dili Regis Kediton dus rMargaretta de Willow- l bye Bernerston . dfia (Margaretta de Willow- i bye Hundredum de Thedwardstrey est in eadem libtate et Abbas scti Edi est dfis ejusdem Hundred! Ratlesdon . . dus . , Epus Eliensis Bradfeild Monachor\ Bradfeild Saynt Cleere Hegesett Pakeuham Rushebrooke' Rowgham Baketon Woolpitt Lyvermoore mag Tymworth ^ Felsham cum'> Gedding J Stanefeild Bradfeild pva Welnetham mag: Welnetham pv^a: * See Weavers funerall monu: fol: 779 in the church of Saxam parva. ►diis Abbas Scti Edmundi diis Abbas Scti Edmundi dfis diii dns Abbas Scti Edmundi Edus Peachye |Edus de Gedding Abbas Scti Edmundi 120 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Testocke Thurston Fakenham I Barton J dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Amstanton Drenkystonj dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Hundredum de Blackbourne est in eadem libtate Westow dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Culford, cum'i Jngbam j dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Ewston '1 GnatishallJ 'Waite? de Pateshall dhi Elionora Charles dha de Knatteshall Troston dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Fakenham pva dhs Wiltus de Fakenham Wridewel dhs Thomas de Wrydewel Bernham dhi . . ■ Jacobus de Scbrile .Edus de Hennegrave Fakenham mag: . dhs in manus dhi Regis Lyvermore pva dhs Barttius de Lyvermore Honewoorth dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Sappeston . dhs in manu dhi Regis Thorpe dhs Thomas de Fakenham Hepworth . dhs Abbas Scti Edmundi Conneweston-i Hopton J . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi Hyndercley . . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi Watlesfeild Stanton j . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi LORDS OP MANORS 121 Badwel Ashwel . dns . . Wittus Criketott Elmeswell . . dns . Abbas scti Edmundi Langham . dlls . Wiltus de Criketott Rickingale . . dns . Abbas scti Edmundi Ixeworth . dni f Edus de Pakenham IWittus de Criketott Berdwel dili • Johes de Pakenham 1 Isabella de Wykes Barningham . diii rJohes de Mutford 1 Petrus de Whalesworth Weston dlls . Hugo Hovell Thelnetham. . dlls . JoHes de Thelnetham Walsham dlls . Edus de Pakenham Norton . dns Johes de Pakenham Hunterston . dns Wittus de Langham Stow . . dlls Gatfrus Peachye Hundredum de Lacford est in eadem libtate et Abbas Scti Ecli est dlls ejusdem Hundredi Brandon . dns Epus Eliensis Elveden . dlls Abbas scti Edmundi rPrior Eliensis Lackingheath . dili IComes Glocester Myldenhall . . dlls Abbas Scti Edmundi Frekinham . . dlls Epus Rolfensis Tudenham . . dlls Edus de Hennegrave Dunham . dlls Abbas Scti Edmundi Wangford . . dlls Abbas Scti Edmundi Eareswell . dlls Robtus de Tudenham Q 122 BREVIAEY OF SUFFOLK Wrydlington . dns . Andoma? de Valence Cavenham . . dhs . Comes Glocestf. Heringswel 'i [■ diis Jclingham Barton J , Abbas Scti Edmundi Hundredum de Thingowe est in eadem libtate et Abbas Scti Edi est dns ejusdem Hundredi Barrow . dha . Comitissa Glocest?. Brokeley"! . dhi /"Alexander de W’^alsham Read / \ Abbas scti Edmundi Hawstead . dhs Thomas fil: Eustacbe Horningsheath' mag Horningsheath . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi pva Ickesworth . . dhs Thomas de Ickesworth Risbye . dhs . Abbas scti Edmundi Lackford . dhs . Jobes scti Philberti Chevington . . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi Hergrave WhepstedJ . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi Newton . diis Abbas scti Edmundi Saxham mag: | Saxham pva ) . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi Westely . dhs Abbas scti Edmundi Fornham omnium Sctorum . . Abbas Scti Edmundi Hengrave . dhs I'Edus de Hennegrave Flempton / ’ \Abbas scti Edmundi The mannor of Mildenhall or was purchased by the Abbot EOLESIASTIOALL GOVERMENT 123 of Bury St. Edmunds of King Richai’d the first to raise money for his expedition into the Holy-land. Summa omnium villarum tarn infra lihtates quam extra 453. Thus having passed through the politicall order and devision of this Country, lett us now come to the eclesias- ticall devision and goverment of the same conceiming the which I And that In elder times when regularity upon the increase of devotion received a beginning, then the Bishop of the East Angles, superintended over this shire, having his sea then here at Felixstow, where one Felix a Burgundian the first Bishop ruled there 17 years, soon after the seate of the Bishopricke was removed to Donwich, and then it was called Episcopates Dunoniencis or Dononise in processe of time, as the number of the faithfull Christians did increase. About the yeare of our Lord God 673 there was another Bishop ordained who had his seat at Helmam butt this con¬ tinued nott long, the sole Bishopricke remayned at Don¬ wich vntil from thence it was translated to Thetford. Now in those dayes the Bishops were given to much devout life and contemplation, and ordained their seas in simple and mean places that were fitt for contempla¬ tion, prayers and devotion, vntill the dayes of William the Conqueror they were by law enjoyned to come outt of smal townes into great Cittyes, where they might bee fitter to teach, and preach vnto the people, by reason whereof among the severall translations of the sundry seas of this realme, the sea of Thetford was translated then to Norwich where it hath continued ever since. 124 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK so that this shire is allotted now to the Diocesse of Norwich, whereof the Bishop hath foure Archdeacons as foure eyes to superintende vnder him his whole Diocesse, two whereof are in Norfolk, and the other two in Suffolk, which have ecclesiasticall jurisdiction over the whole shire, as the Archdeacon of Sudbury and the Archdeacon of Suffolk. The Archdeacon of Suffolk hath jurisdiction over these 12 Deanneryes following viz'' the Deannery of Wangford, Hoxone, Orforde, Loes, Oolneys, Sampforde, Southelmam, and Luthingland, Donwich, Wylford, Carle- ford, Bosmeare, and Ipswich. The Archdeacon of Sudbury hath Jurisdiction over these 8 Deanneries viz' the Deannery of Sudbury, Stowe, Clare, Blackbourne, Hartismeare, Thedwards- tree, Thyngowe, and Fordham within Cambridgeshire. I thinke it nott altogether amisse to speake of the severall religious houses sometimes in this shire. I cannott bee long in the recital of them for want of advertisements, butt such as have come to my hands with the first fruits and tenths which they payed, or being nott qualified and valued, I have here sett them downe as I find them. The Religions houses somethnes in Suffolk The monastery of Bury St. Edmunds payd for first fruits—£1669-13®-11‘' ob: and for tenths £166 19® 4‘' ob. q". The Armes of the Abbey were azure 3 paire of Keyes endorsed or 2.1. RELIGIOUS HOUSES SOMETIMES IN SUFFOLK 125 The armes of S‘ Edmund the King were, azure 3, crownes, or. Azure, 3 crownes each transfixed with 2 arrowes saltire wayes, or, this was the armes of S*' Edgar king of England of the Saxon race, and are at this time the armes of the towne of Bury St. Edmunds. The Chappell of St. Pernell at Bury St. Edmunds payd £10 17 1‘* and for tenths 2P 8^* ob: The Chappell of S*^ Peters there payd £10 IS'" ll** ob: and for tenths 2P 10'‘f. The Ohauntry there in St. Maryes Church founded by Jenkin Smith £6 9® 4"^ and for tenths 12'^ 1P‘^. A Chauntry there founded by S"^ W“* Carew Knight £4 2 * 6*^ and in tenths 8^ 3‘*. A Chauntry there founded by W" Cooke £6 13 4*^ and in tenths 13® 4"*. Another Chauntry there founded by Jenkin Smith £6 00® 0‘' and in tenths 12®. . . . A Chauntry of St. Thomas in St. James Church founded by W" Esewel £4 19 4“^ ob:—9® 11^*. A Chappell of S*' Nicholas withoutt East Gate founded by the Abbott of Bury £6 19® 2'‘ . . . 13® 11‘‘. . . . The Chappell called the charnell founded by the Abbott of Bury £6 00® 00'', in tenths . . . 12® O '. A Chauntry founded by Margarett Woodham £G 00® O'* ... in tenths ... 12® 0. A Chauntry in Ampton, £G 00 00, in tenths 12® O'*. A Chauntry in Myldenliall, £4 G® 8'*, in tenths 8® 8‘'. A Chauntry in Myldenliall called the charnell £G 12 8'^. in tenths ... 13® 3'*^. The priory of Ikesworth founded by Gilbert Blunde 126 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Baron of Ikeswortli in the time of King Henry the S'* £168 19^ 7'* and in tenths £16 17^ ll'*i. A Ohauntry in Acton £7 2® 8'’i in tenths 14® 3**^. A Chappell in Lavenham called the Peter service which payd £5 6® 8'* in tenths 10® 8‘'. A Ohauntry in Melford founded by Olopton £6 6® 8'* in tenths ... 12® 8''. A Ohauntry at Melford founded by John Hill £7 5® O'* . . . in tenths . . . 14® O'*. A preist there called our Ladies preist — £4 00® O'* in tenths 08® 00'*. A Chappell geven there by Jeoffery Foote payd £6 13® 4'* in tenths ... 13® 4‘*. A Ohauntry in Bury £6 13® 4‘* in tenths—12® The Oolledge in Sudbury—£122 17 4'* in tenths £12 05® 10'*. The Oolledge of Stoke next Clare payd for first fruits £324 4® 2'* in tenths £32 8® 5'*. The Ooledge of Denstone £22 8® 9* in tenths 44® lO'J. A Ohauntry in Haverill £3 11® 8'* in tenths—7® 2'*. Another Ohauntry in Haverill £3 3® 6'*i in tenths 6® 4'*i. A Ohauntry in Kedington—£6 2® 1‘* in tenths 12® 2'* ob: The Monasterye of Aye—£161 2® 3'*|^ in tenths £16 2 ® 2 '*|. The Monasterye of Redlingfeild £67 2'*| in tenths £6 14® i. The Monasterye in Bungay—£62 12® 3'* in tenths £6 4® 2'*i. RELIGIOUS HOUSES SOMETIMES IN SUFFOLK 127 The Oolledge of Mettingham £202 7^ 2'* in tenths £20 4® 9‘‘. The Monasterye of Flixton £23 O'* 8*' in tenths 46® 5**. The Monasterye of S‘ Olaves in Herinfleete £49 11® 8*^ in tenths £4 19® 2'*. The Oolledge of Wyngefeild £69 10® 5'' in tenths £6 19® Oh The Ohauntry in Dynnington £9 0 7^^ in tenths 18® Of. Another Ohauntry there . . . £26 4® 7*^ in tenths 53® 6^**. A Ohauntry in Oarleton—£10 7® 3‘’ ob: in tenths 20® 8''f. A Ohauntry in Brundish £30 0® 7** ob: in tenths £3 0® 0''f. The Monasterye of Sybtou—£200 15® 7** ob: in tenths £25 1® 6‘'f. The Monasterye of Leyston £181 17® I"* ... in tenths £18 03 8''i. The Prior of Wangeforth . . . £90 9® 4''^ in tenths £3 0® ll''f. The Prior of Blythborough £48 7® 11*’ ... in tenths £4 16® 9''i. A Ohawntry in Huntingfeild £4 17® d** ... in tenths 0 9® 9‘‘i. The Monasterye of Brusyarde 56 2® 1'* . . . in tenths £5 12 2% The Ohawntry in Orford ... 6 13® IP’ in tenths 0 13® 4‘’f. The Monasterye of Oampsey . . . £132 8® 9 ’ in tenths £18 4® 10*'i 128 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK The pension of Geoflery Ohrespe M‘ of the Ohauntry there ... £8 13® 4*^ and in tenths 17® 4“*. The pension of John White Olarke there ... £6 13® 4^* in tenths 13® 4*^. The pension of Francis Woodhouse ... £6 13® 4** in tenths ... 13® 4"*. The pension of Thomas Bokeler there ... £6 13® 4^ in tenths ... 13® 4*^. The pension of Thomas Parker there ... £6 13® 4^ in tenths ... 13® 4**. The Monasterye of Butley . . . £318 17® 3'*^ in tenths £31 17® 3‘*|. This priory was founded by Glanville whose coat armour the pryory bare, viz* or a cheife indented azure. The Monasterye of Woodbridge . . . £50 3® 6*^^ in tenths £5 00® 4**^. The Priory of Letheringham . . . £26 18® 4“* ... in tenths 0 53® 10'’. The Ohauntry in Eyke . . . £8 00 00 in tenths 0 16® 00. The Hospitall or Oomm_aundery of S* Johns in Batisford £53 16® O'’ in tenths £5 7® 0'’. The Monasterye in Ipswiche . . . £88 6® 8'* in tenths £3 16® 8'’. The Ohauntry within S* Lawrence Parish there £6 10® lO** in tenths 0 13® 1'’. The Prior of the holy Trinitie in Ipswich bare for the armes of that house, azure a Trynity argent. Ohrist Ohurch stood where the Wittypolles house now standeth, it was a house of canons, and the governour thereof, called the Prior of the holy Trinity. RELIGIOUS HOUSES SOMETIMES IN SUFFOLK 129 The Priory of S*' Peters in Ipswich or S‘ Peters Abbey stood in that place where the Oolledge was after founded by Cardinal Woolsey. The black Friers stood where the hospitall now standeth. The White Friers stood where the County Jaile is now kept. The Grey Friers stood vpon the fresh river neer the fryers bridge. At Ipswich was the priory dedicated to the holy Trinity commonly called Christ Church, founded by Normanus and John de Oxenford into the order of black canons, valued at £38 6® 9*'. At Ipswich was the monastery dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul founded first by Thomas Lacy and Alice his wife, butt afterward by Cardinall Woolsey into the order of black Canons whos value was £88 6® 10'’. At Ipswich was a friery founded by Henry Mavesby, Henry Redred, and Henry de Lowdham into the order of Friers preachers. At Ipswich was a friery founded by the Lord Bardley, S’ Geoffrey Hadley, and S'' Robert Norton knights in the yeare of our Lord 1279, into the order of Carmelites or white friers. At Ipswich was a friory founded by Robert Tiptofte into the order of gray friers. At Ipswich was a friory founded by John Hares who gaue ground to build the house larger into the order of blaek Friers. At Blythborough was a priory founded by King Henry u 130 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK the first and Richard Belvois Bishop of London into the order of black cannons whose value was £48 8“ O'*. At Bricett was a priory dedicated to S‘ Leonard into the order of blacke canons. At Bungay was a Nunnery founded by Roger Glanvill and Gundrede his wife, and Alleyn the ancester of Thomas de Brotherton Earle of Norfolk into the order of nuns whose value was £62 2^ 1^. At Brusyard was a monasterye whose value was £56 2^ !<*. At Butley was a priory dedicated to S‘ Mary founded by Rafe de Glanvill into the order of black Canons whose value was £318 17^ 2‘*|. At Oampsey was a Monastery dedicated to the blessed Virgin Mary whose value was £182 9® 5‘'. At Clare alias Stoke Clare was a priory dedicated to St. John Baptist founded by Henry Earle of Essex and Isabell his wife into the order of black monkes or Austen friers. At Knobersburgh or Burgh Castle was a religious house founded by Fursey a Scottish man, and Sigisbert King of the East Angles. At Denston was a Ch: founded whose value was £22 8^ 9''i. At Dodmesh was a Monasterye dedicated to St. Mary founded by the Ancestors of the Duke of Norfolk in value £42 18^ 8‘'|-. At St. Edmunds Bury was a monasterye dedicated and founded by King Canute into the order of black monkes whose value was £2336 16^ O'*. RELIGIOUS HOUSES SOMETIMES IN SUFFOLK 131 At Edwardston was a monastery founded by Peter Bishop of Winchester. At Eye was a Monastrye dedicated to St. Peter founded by Robert Mallett Lord of Eye into the order of black monkes whose value was £184 9® 7‘*f. At Flixtone was a monasterye in value £23 4® l‘'f. At Heringlleet was a Monasterye dedicated to St. Olaves, founded by Roger Fitz Osbert into the order of Canons regular in value £49 11® 7"’. At Hoxen was a Monasterye. At Leyston was a-dedicated to S*' Mary foundeil by Raphe Glanvill and S*' Robert de Vflord into the order of white Canons premonstretensis in value £181 17® 1% At Letheringham was a pryory in value £26 18® 5''. Att Mettingham was a C-dedicated to the blessed Virgin St. Mary founded by S" John Norwich Lord of Mettingham in value £202 7® 5''J. At Rusford was a Monasterye dedicated to our Lady founded by Robert Bishop or Earle of Lyncolne. At Lytleburgh was a pryory dedicated to St. Mary into the order of black cannons. At Batisford was a hospitall commanderye dedicated to S*’ John in value £53 10® 0'^ At Redlingfeilde was a Monasterye dedicated to St. Mary founded by Manasses de Guyes into the order of black Nunnes in value £81 2® At Rumburgh was a priory dedicated to S* Michael into the order of black monkes. At Snape was a Priory dedicated to S‘ Mary founded 132 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK by W“ Martell and other the Kings progenitors into the order of black Monkes Roffenses, in value £99 1® 11''^. Stoke eh: was in value £324 4® 11'^^. At Sudbury was a priory dedicated to S*' Batholomew founded by Symon de Sudbury Arch Bishop of Canter¬ bury and John Ohartsey into the order of black monkes West or friers preachers, in value £122 13® 3'^. At Sybtou was a monasterye dedicated to S'" Mary founded by William Oheyney sive de Cayneto into the order of black monkes Oestertiaus in value 250 15 At Walton was a pryory dedicated to S* Peolix into the order of blacke monkes of Rochester. At Wangforde was a pryorye dedicated to S*' Mary founded by Anserde of France into the order of black Monkes Oluniacensis whose value was £30 9® 5'^. At Wiiigfeild was a O-in value £69 14® S'*. Att Woodbridge was a Monasterye dedicated to St. Mary in value £50 3® 5**^. At Wykes was a religious house founded by our kings progenitours in value £92 12® 3'^^ this was a Monasterye and dedicated to S'" Bennett. At Ixeworthe was a pryory founded by Gilbert Blunde in value £280 9 5. Learned Men Having thus far proceeded, whilest I haue now finished my collections concerning the Clergie and religious persons, in whom all sorts of learning is seen to flourish, I haue thought it fltt to conclude my desires with a very LEARNED MEN 133 breife commemoration of all such learned men of this shire as could come vnto my knowledge, whose singular vnderstanding in all humane erudition hath eternized their fames to their succeeding ages. Vnder these I comprehend all Scholasticals, and Monasterians of former times, with the Theologians, civilians, comon Lawyers, Phisitians, Martiall, and States men, privy counsellours, travellers both by sea and land, with all other well deserving of their countrye for any excellent art or faculty of former times. The first that I find of any note was Thomas de Illeigh borne of an ancient familye sometimes here in Suflolke who being a white or Carmelite fryer here in Ipswich was a learned writer in the dayes of king Edward the first about the year of our Lord 1275. John Eversden a monke in Bury abbey was an excel¬ lent historiographer in the dayes of king Edward the 3‘* about 1328. Richard Angervylle borne at Bury son of S’" Richard Angervylle knight, was for his great learning in those times of King Edward the 3^* about 1334, made Bishop of Durham and after that Lord treasurer and Lord Oiiancel- lour of England. John Paschall a Carmelite fryer in Ipswich nott far from whence hee was borne was for his great learning made Bishop of Landalle in the time of King Edward the 3'* about 1351. Robert Compotista a learned Monke in Bury, John Stokes an Augustine fryer borne in Suffolk, and Henry Bederick of Bury an Augustine fryer were all learned 134 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK men and writers in the time of King Edward the 3*^ about 1363. Symon of Sudbury borne here at Sudbury was in King Edward the 3'* his time for his great learning and knowledge made Bisho23 of London, after that Arch Bishop of Canterbury, and so afterward Lord Ohancel- lour of England about 1374. Boston of the Abbey of Bury wrotte a cataloge of the writers of the church and other learned treatises in the dayes of King Henry the 4® about 1402. John surnamed of Lydgate of the towne where hee was borne here in Suffolk was a monke in Bury Abbey, an excellent poet, yea the chiefe as was supposed in this science for that age, in France and Italy hee learned the languages and sciences with great profltt and know¬ ledge, as the workes which hee wrote doe sufficiently testifie, hee lived in the time of King Henry the about 1423. Thomas Riugsteade Doctor of the law and Vicar of Mildenhall, a notable preacher, that wrote divers treatises hee lived in the time of King Henry the about 1424. Nicholas Kenton borne here in Suffolk a carmelite fryer in Ipswich, provincial! of his order throughoutt England was a great learned Olerke and wrote much in the time of King Edward the 4‘^ about 1462.^ 1 See Weavers funeral monuments fol: 438. COMMON LAWYERS 135 Common Lawyers For common Lawyers which this shire liath afforded, I find that in the time of King Edward the first about 1289 was S*' Thomas Wayland knight discended of an ancient family here in Suffolk, Lord Oheife Justice of the king’s bench, who being condemned for favoring his servants in a case of Murder, tooke Sanctuary in the Church of the fryers minors in Bury St. Edmund for whieh afterwards hee was banished the realme. In the time of King Richard the 2'* about 1381, was S'’ John Cavendish knight then discended of an ancient family here in Suffolk where hee dwelled. Lord cheife Justice of England, who in the commotion time at Bury by John Wrawe a preist, with the assembly of a great power of rebells destroying all the houses and Manners of men of law in those parts (whom they infinitely persued and hated) was taken slaine and beheaded by the said Rebells, with S’" John of Cambridge then prior of S‘ Edmunds Bury. S’’ William Jermy was one of the Justices of the king’s bench, and died 1485.^ S’' John Suylliarde knight diseended of the Ancient family of the Suylliards of Aye here in Suffolk was in the time of King Henry the 7® one of the Justices of the king’s bench and afterward Lord cheife Justice of England. S' James Hubert knight a second brother, borne here at Monkes Illeigh in Suffolk, from whom all the houses of that name now in Norfolk are discended was for his great 1 See Weavers fun: monuments fol: 758. 136 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK learning and knowledge attorny to King Henry the 7% and after Lord cheife Baron of the exchequer, he lyeth buried at Christ church in Norwich 1507. S’’ Christopher Jenny knight son of S'' Edmond Jenny here of Suffolk was in the time of Henry the 8*'' Baron of the Exchequer. S' Nicholas Hare knight, a grave wise, and learned lawyer, discended from the ancient family here in Suffolk, was in the time of King Edward the 6*^ Master of the Roles, and uppon the death of King Edward for one fortnight was Lord keeper of the Seale, vntill Stephen Gardiner Bishop of 'Winchester was then elected by Queen Mary. S' Clement Heigham Knight issued from that worship- full family here in Suffolk, being a very prudent, learned and judicious Lawyer, was in the time of Queen Mary made Lord cheife Baron of the Exchequer. S' Robert Southwell of Hoxon in Suffolk knight, was for his good knowledge in the common Lawes in the time of Queen Mary made Master of the Roles. S' William Cordell knight, borne here at Melford in Suffolk, where hee left sufficient monuments of his great wealth, for his good knowledge in the common lawes, was in the dayes of Queen Elizabeth made Master of the Roles. Thomas Sackford borne at Bealings in Suffolk was in the time of Queen Elizabeth made Master of the Requests. John Clynch borne here in Suffolk was in the time of Queen Elizabeth made one of the Justices in the King’s bench. STATESMEN 137 S'" Edward Cooke knight borne here in Suffolk, was a great lawyer, and wrott many severall reports of the cases, jffeadings, and lawes of this realme, hee was for his great learning and vnderstanding made Attorney Generali in the dayes of Queen Elizabeth, and then Lord Cheife Justice of the coiTion pleas, and after that Lord cheife Justice of the King’s Bench, from which hee was removed and made one of the privy counsell to King James. Robert Barker borne here at Bildeston was a good lawyer, and being made Sarjeant was of great use and practice even vntill his death. S’^ Robert Gardiner Knight borne here at Hartest in Suffolk was for his good vnderstanding in the common lawes in the dayes of Queen Elizabeth made Lord Cheife Justice of Irelande, where hee governed sundry yeares with good commendation. Statesmen To come to our statesmen and men of councell as order calleth mee, I must (having noe ancient remembrances come into my hands) begin with Thomas Wolseye borne here in Ipswich, of so poore parents, that hee was trained up from his youth in all kinds of learning by the devotion of well disposed persons of those times, attaining to perfect years hee proved well learned, fine witted, a good philosopher, very eloquent, butt passingly ambitious, and as mine author saith, vndoubtedly hee was a man borne to honour supposed rather to discend from the s 138 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK furtive pleasures of some magnanimous prince, then to bee a poore butchers son. Exceeding was hee was, faire spoken, high minded, full of revenge, vitious of his body, lofty to his enemies were they never so bigge, most curteous to those that sought his freindship, a ripe scholeman, thrall to his affections, brought to bed with flattery, insatiable to gett, and more princely in bestow¬ ing as appeareth by his two Colledges, the one at Ipswich overthrowne with his fall, the other at Oxeford vnflnished as it was nott the like in Christendome. A great preferer of his servants, an advancer of learning, stout in every quarrell, never happy till his overthrowe, wherein hee shewed such moderation, that the houre of his death did him more honour than all the pompe of his life passed. In his life time hee was first chaplaine to King Henry the T^*", who soon after sent him Ambassadour vnto the Emperor Maximilian, which embassage hee discharged so expeditely and well, that the king with his counsell marvelled at him, at his returne hee was made Deane of Lyncolne, and presently after almoner to King Henry the 7**^, after whose death hee behaved himselfe so politickly, that hee was one of the privy counsell to King Henry the 8^’* who loved him entirely for his wise behaviour and pithy perswasions hee alwayes vsed to the Counsell in all matters of importance hee managed all the kings affaires for the provision, furnishing and trans¬ porting of his most puissant army into France, vntill the king had wonne Terwyn and Tornaye, the Bishopricke hee gave vnto his Almoner, for his diligence in that journey. At the King’s returne outt of France hee made STATESMEN 139 him Bishop of Lyucolue, and after that in the same yeare Arch Bishop of Yorke, wherein contending with the Arch Bishop of Canterbury for the primacy and superiority of the crosse, for that he could nott prevaile in that, butt would bee in degree above the Arch Bishop, hee procured Pope Leo the to create him preist Cardiuall of the tytle of St. Cecilia, and legate de latere, with which degree hee thought himselfe meet to beare rule among tlie temporal power, and spirituall Jurisdiction, yett nott sufficient to revenge and correct the taunts of Canter¬ bury offered vuto him, for which hee wrought so with the king, that Canterbury was shortly after displaced, and hee himselfe made Chaucellour of England. After this for maintenance of his pompe and glory, hee gott the Bishopricke of Durham and the Abbey of S* Albanes in commendation, soon after hee performed two embassages to the Emperour Charles the 5*^'* furnished and attended with all state as a most noble prince in all points, and nott long after hee went againe into France, represent¬ ing the King of Euglands person capitulating with the Imperialists for the delivery of the French King and Pope Clement the 7“’ both then being prisoners. To be briefe as all forreiue chronicles report of him, the king reposed himselfe upon the will and advice of the Cardinall in all matters wholly vntill at length the King finding his dis¬ simulation in some matters of great importance, wherein he vsed him, conceived displeasure against him, which once oppenly perceived, infinite were the complaints, which on every side came against him for his great pride, and presumption, oppression and covetuousnes, uppon 140 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK which hee was discharged of the great seal, and being sued, and condemned in a premunire, by which hee for¬ feited all his goods and livings, the king of his clemency left to him the Bishoprickes of Yorke and Winehester, with which if hee could have contented himselfe as many suppose, hee might have continued, butt his wonted pride resting still within him, caused a more generall and serious search into his actions. So that being at the length arrested upon treason, as hee was going to London he dyed in Lecester Abbey, nott without suspicion of poyson as was thought in the 22‘* yeare of King Henry the 8^*^ 1530. Thomas Lord Wentworth borne here at Nettlested in Suffolk where the seat of that family in those times was, he was by King Henry the 8*** made Lord Chamberlaine of the King’s household, and after one of his privy counsell. S'" Anthony Wingefeild knight discended of that most honorable family here in Suffolk, where hee was borne, was by King Henry the 8‘^ made controuler of the king’s house, knight of the order of the garter, and then one of his privy counsell. Stephen Gardiner borne at S*' Edmonds Bury in Suffolk of meane parentage, yett adorned with learning, and many excellent gifts, was made one of the privy counsell to King Henry the 8^** and after that was made Bishop of Winchester, and in the first yeare of Queen Mary was made Lord Chancellour of England, for his ripe knowledge and experience hee was imployed in severall Embassages. And being a great enemy, and bloudy persecuter of Gods MARTIALL MEN 141 saints hee dyed fearfully, and vncomfortably about the 3'' yeare of Queen Mary, Anno Dili 1555. S*' Edward Waldegrave knight, borne here at Sudbury and discended of that most aneient, and worshipfull family here in Suffolk, was one of the privy counsell to Queen Mary. S" Thomas Oornwallys knight high Sheriffe of Suffolk and Norfolk at Queen Maryes coming to the crowne, for his acceptable service at that troublesome time, was after that made Controuler of the Queens household, and then privy councellour, and last of all treasurer of Callyce, which hee resigned not two months before it was surprized. S*' Nicholas Bacon knight borne at Drinkeston in Suffolk having gotten once good knowledge in the comon lawes, w'as first Attorney in the Court of Wards, and after that was made Lord keeper of the great seal of England, 1558, in which place hee continued 18 yeares, performing his charge to the great admiration of all men. A man of such deep witt, and experience in all matters of state and policye, that in forreyne countries hee was reputed of great fame and admiration, and at his death was accounted one of the greatest statesmen, for wise counsell and deep policye that these parts of Christendom afforded in those dayes. Martiall men To come to our martial men, and persons of military service, which our Country have afforded, even from our 142 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK best families, for noble persons have the best capacities, (and as Cicero sayeth) whether they give themselves to goodnes, or vngratiousnes, they doe in either of them so excell, as none of the comon sort can come neer them. I will here begin with the honorable and most ancient familie of the Wingefeilds, whereof I find that 1355 about the 29*^^ yeare of King Edward the S'* S’^ John Winge- feild knight issued from this house of Suffolk, being a man of great wisdome and experience for counsell, and a most valiant Oaptaine for resolution, and action, was by order of the king appointed to attend uiipon Edward prince of Wales comonly called the black prince in his voyage to Gascoigne. This knight served the prince in these his warres of Aquitaine, whereof hee kept a faith- full register, as by his letters of those times written without any affectation doe appeare: being present and an especiall actor at that memorable battle of Poictiers where the prince tooke the French King prisoner, hee was of the prince for his great valour, advice, and resolution entirely beloved, honorably respected, and highly advanced. Butt to come more neerly to these dayes, in the 7 yeare of King Henry the 8® Richard Wiugefeilde knight issued outt of this noble family, and an 11“^ brother, was made deputy of Callyce, hee was one of the kings privy chamber, and for his great lu’udence and know¬ ledge, employed in many honorable actions, as uppon the death of the French King, hee was appointed with the Duke of Suffolk to receive the French Queen the king’s sister, to capitulate for her dowry, and to see her safely MARTIALL MEN 143 conducted into England. In the 14**^ yeare of the king’s raigne, hee was appointed with the high admirall of England among many other great personages to waft the Emperour (who had been here in England with the king, highly entertained, and feasted royally) over to the coast of Biscay in Spaine, returning from whence hee was at the taking of Morlais in Brittayne 1522. In the 13‘^ of the kings raigne hee was sent among many other Nobles, knights, and Gen?: to accompany Oardinall Wolsey sent from the king vnto Callyce to treat with the embassadors of the Emperour, and the French king for a peace, and to pacifle the variance into which the Emperour and French King were lately fallen to the renewing of the warres. In the 15 yeare of the King hee sending an Army of 10000 men into France vnder the leading of the Duke of Suffolk, this S'" Richard Wingefeild then Ohancellour of the Dutchy of Lancaster was captaine of the rereward of the battle, and with two of his brothers Robert Wingefeild and S’" Anthony attending uppon the Duke served with great resolution, and commendation at the winning of the castle of Bonnegard, the towne of Bray, Montdedier, and in other places during all those wars vntill the dissolution of the sayd army. Nott long after this S’" Richard Wingfeild Ohancellour of the Dutchy was made knight of the garter, and about the 17 yeare of the king 1525 hee was sent in Ambassage with Cutbert Tunstall Bishop of London into Spayne, to comune with the Emperour upon divers great causes, for the release of the imprisonment of the late French king, and for wars to bee made. 144 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Here observing still the course of times albeit some¬ what swerving from our course begun, while wee are sojourners with this honorable family, wee cannot butt among the rest deservedly remember that about 1533 in the 24“^ yeare of king Henry the 8“^ Humijhry Winge- feild of Greys Inne, brother to the sayd S* Richard was chosen speaker of the parliament, which place hee per¬ formed with great commendation, hee was after made knight, and the 12 brother, from whom the house of Brautham of this name is discended. In the 31®*' yeare of the kings raigne 1540 was Anthony Wingfeild knight, captaine of the kings garde at the entrance of the Lady Anne of Cleve, hee was one of the kings Justices att the araignement of Edmond Knevett for striking in the Court the same yeare, and so continued captaine of the kings garde vntill the 5 yeare of King Edward the 6: when hee was advanced and made controuler of the king’s house. About the 21 yeare of the raigne of Queen Elizabeth of never dying memory which was about 1579 when Rome and Spayne joyning together sent their forces into Ireland to joyne with James Fitz Maurice an Arch- rebell, against her majesty their lawfull soveraigne, S'" Will“ Drury then Lord Cheife Justice with his forces marcheth against them, and suppresseth them, in which journey another stemme of this ancient stock Captain Jaques Wingefeild, that had so long time served in those wars, was Master of the ordinance, which place hee performed with great fidelity and commendation. In the English voyage into Portugall 1589 vnder the INIARTIALL MEN 145 two famous generalls S^’ Francis Drake and S’’ John Norrys served Oaptaine Richard Wingfeild Lieutenant Collonel to Generali Norrys, and Oaptaine Anthony Wingfeild Lieutenant Colonell to the Master of the great ordnance, with exceeding great valour and commenda¬ tion both at the Groine at Ponte de Burgos at Lysborne, and during the whole voyage, the true relation whereof well penned is sett downe in the published discourse of all that voyage written by the said Col: Anthony Wiug- feild, a man of great imployment action and observation in that Spanish journey. Neither must I bee silent of that worthy knight Edward Wingfeild adventuring with the forwardest in all the actions of this voyage, who though hee bee seated in another shire yett is hee discended out of this noble family which wee liave now in hand. I will here conclude the breviary of this honorable family with S‘' John Wingfeild knight, a man much vsed for his valour and skill in the late Netherland wars, whose haughty courage seeking rather to win a long lasting fame than a short lasting life, was ever glad of any good occasion, whereby to shew his heroicall nature, and inclination, and therefore being especially imployed in that late famous voyage, and winning of Calez, where hee had the leading of the choicest troupes, leaving a singular patterne for all noble knights, preferred an honourable death in feild, before a lingering death in bed, to win honour to theire Country and glory to themselves. The next that cometh to my consideration is S*' Robert T 146 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Jerningliam sometimes of this shire, a man of great imploymeut, in the tlayes of King Henry the 8“^ who serving in the wars of France vnder the leading of the Duke of Suffolk, after the winning of Bonnegarde, Bray, and montededier was there among many other persons for their valiant service during all those wars knighted in the 15 yeare of King Henry the 8: 1523. So in the 19 yeare of that kings reigne about 1527 the same S’^ Robert Jerningliam as principall of 80 other English Gentlemen went in that great army sent by the kings of England and France into Italy for the delivery of the Pope then imprisoned, and for expelling of the Emperialists out of Italy, of these wars during this voyage S“' Robert Jerningliam was treasurer, hee was nott long before that Captaine of Newneham bridge, where hee was exceedingly commended for his approved service to his Oountrye, against the French, to whom with a smal number hee gave a great overthrow, and this was in the 16 yeare of the king 1524. Another brave Gentleman of this family, being one of the old bands of Bouloigne, was slaine amonge many other valiant gentlemen at Muskleburrow feild in Scot¬ land, in the 1: yeare of King Edward the 6: 1547. I find also mention made of S' Henry Jerningham who came to ayde Queene Mary at Framingham Castle who was shortly after Captaine of the gaurde to the Queen. Neither may I omitt the Honorable memory of the most ancient house of the Waldegraves of this shire whereof in the 36 yeare of King Henry the 8: 1543 S*^ William Waldegrave knight captaine of 200 Suffolk MARTIALL MEN 147 men which hee led in the marches of Callice did most valiant service against the French forces, which in great number had entered the English pale, vntill by the true valour of S*‘ Willm Waldegrave, and S’^ George Somersett they were repulsed with great losse and infamy. The same S‘' William Waldegrave among many other knights and honorable personages, vnder the Marquess of Northampton served in tlie siqipression of Kett that Norfolk rebellion which was in the 3: of Edward the 6: 1519. Hee was also present among many other knights and gentlemen with the Commons of these parts, which first of all other came to Queen Mary to give hir assis¬ tance, being at Framingham vpon the death of King Edward the 6: the next yeare after that hee died at his charge at Callyce upon the 12 of December 1554 his body being buried in our Lady church ther. John Cornewallys of this Worshipfull family of Suffolk knight for his valiant service at the winning of Morleis in Brettayne in the 14: of King Henry the 8: 1522 among sundry others was knighted. I have omitted Richard Jerningham knight Oaptaine of Tournay when it was delivered by the French to King Henry the 8: 1519. S'" George Blague Commissioner for the musters at the journey into Scot¬ land the 1: of Edward the G: was for his approved service knighted at IMuskleburrow feild 1547. S'" Ralpe Coppinger knight, borne here and issued out of this family of Suffolk and pensioner to King Edward the 6: at Muskleburrow feild so valiantly behaved him- 148 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK selfe in the aide of S*^ Andrew Flammock the kings standard bearer of horsemen in repelling the most furious assault of the Scotts, and saving the standard from taking that he was there knighted 1547. In the 36 yeare of King Henry the 8: 1544 S’" Edward Warner of this Country knight, serving in the wars during all the Scottish expedition, vnder the Earle of Hertford, then generall of all the kings forces, was for his approved good service, among many other of like desert knighted at Lieth in Scotland. The same S' Edward Warner served as Marshall of the feild vnder the Marquesse of Northampton then generall appointed for the suppression of Kett and that Norfolk rebellion. S' Phillip Tilney knight in the 5: yeare of King Henry the 8: was a most valiant Captaine in the rereward of the battle at Flodden feild vnder the Earle of Surrey, then the kings lieutenant, where James the 4: king of Scotts was slaine, whilst the King was in France, at the winning of Terwyn and Tournay, hee was especially imployed for keeping the place where the feild was fought, and for safe garde of the ordinance this befell in the year 1513. Before I proceed any further I cannot butt impart to you a certain note which I have met withall, drawn out of a very ancient booke remaining sometimes with the heire of that family, con¬ cerning a worthy ancestor of that house as followeth. This booke pertained in times past vnto S' Frederick Tylney of Boston in the County of Lincolne knight at Aeon in the land of Jewry in the 3** yeare of King Richard the first, this knight was of a tall stature MARTIALL MEN 149 and strong body, remaining enterred with his forefathers at Terringtou neer vnto a towne of his own name in Marshland, the just height of that knight is there very carefully kept vnto this day. After whose decease the inheritance of his lands fell successively vnto 16 sundry knights of his owne house and name dwelling at Boston, vntill such time as the possession of the elder brother fell vnto an heire generall which was married to John Duke of Norffolk. The last knight of that name was Sir Phillip Tylney of Shelley in the County of Suffolk father vnto Thomas Tylney of Hadley Esquire, vnto whom the said booke pertained in the 64 yeare of his age and in the yeare of our Lord 1556. Among the number of so many valorous captaines of due estimation, I may nott in any sort omitt the reverent remembrance of that valiant and prudent S'' William Drury Lord Justice of Ireland 1579 presently after S’" Henry Sydney, who albeit hee was seated in another shire, yett coming so newly out of this shire, and family so long time seated here, wee cannott butt reckon him among the principall of those most sweet and beautifull flowers, which the healthfull garden of this clymate hath brought forth, but finding my author hath so lively delineated his heroicall resemblance, I will vse his owne words which are these. S'' William Drury was a very valiant, wise, and a gentleman of great experience, discended of an ancient, and a Worshipfull house, though of a younger brother, in his youth being a page, and serving in the Court: and as in yeares so in knowledge of all courtly services hee did grow and increase, and 150 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK became to bee as gallant a courtier, as none lightly excelled him, being very religious and a follower then of the Lord Russell then Privy Seal, and after Earle of Bedford, hee was of him well countenanced and enter¬ tained, by reason whereof hee served vnder him at Muttrell, and in Bullongnois in France, after the end of which wars he came to Callice, from out of which hee oftentimes issued performing many good services about Cambray, Arthois, and at last at Bruxelles where hee was taken prisoner, from whence being redeemed, and ransomed, hee proveth the service of the sea, and with one ship very well appointed, hee maketh proofe of that adventure, butt his beginning was very hard for 9 dayes together hee fell into such a storme that hee dispaired of any recovery, notwithstanding whom the sword could nott affray, the seas could not dismay, hee became ever one, alwayes of good mind and great courage, the storme ended hee continued his intended purpose, becoming in time an excellent seaman, and very expert in all maritimal services, wherein having finished his deter¬ minations, hee returned into England, attending still upon the Earle of Bedford, with whom in the 3 yeare of King Edward the C: 1549 hee went to the suppression of Devonshire commotion, and rebells doing there very good service. After which in course of time hee went to serve at Berwick, where for his valour, and good behaviour hee was made Provost Marshall vnder the Earle of Sussex then Lord Lieutenant, and thereupon for his sundry notable good services, was honored with the degree of knighthood, soon after this upon a necessary INIARTIALL MEN 151 peice of service to bee done in Scotland by the said Earle upon Queen Elizabeth’s command, the Earle being sick and vnable to goe, deputed this S'' William Drury for his generall, who furnished with convenient forces, and accompanied with certaine honorable knights and resolute captaines, entered Scotland, and whilst the nobility were in great division about the murther of the Earle of Murrey, hee tooke, spoiled and burned sundry forts, and Castles, and in the end beseiged, and tooke the towne and castle of Edenburough, with delivery of the same according as hee w'as commanded to the use of the king. Thus having finished his commission hee returned with great praise, and high commendation vnto his old charge. In very short time after, her Majesty having good experience of the valour of this knight every way, as well for his valiantnesse in marshall affaires, as for his wisdome in civill goverment, draweth him from his office and charge at Barwick, and removeth him into Ireland, there to bee employed in the office of Lord President, and assigneth him the whole goverment of the whole province of Munster, a place that would afford sufficient occasion to make use both of sword and law. Being once placed, and settled in his charge by the Right Honorable S'' Henry Sydney then Lord Deputy, hee acquitteth himselfe very well every way, being as severe a Judge as a zealous defender of the dutifull and obedient, to the great good liking of her majesty, the terror of the wicked, the comfort of the good, and benefitt of the common wealth. After some time of tryall in his office, S'^ Phillip Sydney was revoked into 152 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK England, and S"^ William Drury was made Lord Deputy and Justice of Ireland, hee was noe sooner entered into bis office, butt forthwith the rebellion and wars of Desmond began in Munster, vnder James Fitz-Maurice, and the Italians lately come from the Pope, for the pacifying, or rather subdueing of which wicked rebellion hee tooke such continuall travell and troubles, and so consumed his body, that being nott able to hold outt any longer, hee fell sick and died in the citty of Watterford, from whence his body was carried to Dublin, and there buried the S'* of October 1579, to the great sorrow of all English men, and the noe smal hinderance of her highnesse service. S' Ralph Chamberlaine captaine of the castle att Callice, at the losse whereof hee with Edward Grimston the controuler of Callyce were taken and sent prisoners into France. John Brend borne and dwelling here in Suffolk in many military expeditious in forreine parts, having obteined great experience with much valour, and dexterity, was after employed here at home, and 1: of Edward the 6: at that voyage into Scotland, vnder the Duke of Somersett, Lord Protector of England, and Generali of the kings army, was captaine of 1400 pyoneers, and after that in another forreyne expedition, wherein hee behaved him- selfe with all wise resolution to his high commendation, hee there in the feild and in the full view of the overthrowne adversary received the honorable order of I knighthood. The next that cometh to my remembrance is Thomas MARTIALL MEN 153 Oliestoii a man yett living borne about Myldenhall where hee now liveth, butt descended of mean though honest parents, who having an extraordinary spirit above his education, wherewith hee being noe wayes content, forsooke his father and mother, and vnknowne to them, betooke himselfe to Martiall adventures in forreyne regions, where Hee profitted so much that in few yeares both for discretion, vnderstanding, and valour, aboue his age, hee became imployed in many good places, and services, wherein I am the bolder to make report, because I haue seen the severall writings, warrants and commissions authorizing him in his severall places, charges, and employments, of all which particularly I haue here taken the summary notes, and dates as here do follow. Robert Earle of Leicester Baron of Denbigh &c: Lieutenant and Oaptaine generall to Queen Elizabeth of all her army and military forces imployed in the defence, and goverment generall of the vnited Provinces of the low Oountryes, by his letters pattents dated at the Hague the 3: of February 1585, appointed captaine Oheston to the leading of 150 footmen in those warres vnder her majesties charge. Robert Earle of Leicester, Lieutenant of Queen Elizabeth, and Oaptaine generall of all her forces in the vnited provinces, by the Counsell of the State appointeth Thomas Oheston Marshall of the campe, Provost of the company of 25 horses, and 25 harquebuzers to enter into all villages, townes, and all wayes and roads, to punish, and to doe justice on all Brygands, theives, and robbers, and charge vnder the u 154 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK broad seal, the pattent written in French, and dated at the Hague the 17: of September 1586. Roger Lord North Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire, by letters from the privy counsell appointeth Oaptaine Thomas Oheston to haue the charge, veiwing, mustering, and trayuing of all the foot bands, with the allowance of armour and Muster master, dated at Oatlege 17: September 1595. By letters of the Generalls, Robert Earle of Essex, and Charles Lord Howard dated the 27: of March 1596 att London Captaine Thomas Cheston was authorized to muster, assemble, and levye 100 men within the County of Cambridge and Elye, for hir highnesse present service to conduct them to Harwich, from whence with all expedition to bee transported to Plymouth. Robert Earle of Leicester by letters dated at Dor¬ drecht the 2: of November 1587 dispatcheth Thomas Cheston, (being discharged of all services) to the Court at England, with intelligences, two servants, armour, and carriages, to take post horses, shipping, guides at the Queens prices and charge. Peregrine Willoughby Collouell, Generali for hir Majesty of all the English infantry in the low Countryes, and governour of the towne and Marquizate of Bergen signi- fleth by letters of the 14 of October 1587, that by his Excellencies appointment the company of Captaine Cheston were casheired and discharged, and that the said captaine had discharged all recknings, payments, and accounts, between him and his band, and so licenceth him to goe with his two servants, bagge and baggage. MARTIALL MEN 155 armour, and otherwise, to goe to England or other- wayes. Before this by other letters pattents in french dated at Arneham the 8: of May 1586 Thomas Oheston was appointed Scout master to place all watches, seutiiiells, and charge in and about trenches, and campes at anye time throughoutt the armye. By letters of the 8: of June 1587 at Greenwich Robert Earle of Leicester generall of the Queens forces in the low Oountryes appointeth Oaptaine Thomas Oheston to lead 150 footmen in those services against the Spaniarde. By letters pattents of Queen Elizabeth dated at Dublin the 4: of December in the 26 yeare of the raigne of Queen Elizabeth, Thomas Earle of Ormond Treasurer of Ireland wittnessing the same, Thomas Oheston Gent: was appointed high Sherifle of the Oounty of Kerry in the Province of Momonie. And last of all the said Oaptaine Oheston for his good service in Ireland, his great valour, and desart in bring¬ ing in the head of that Arch traytor of Ireland the Earle of Desmond, the Queen commanded these armes in this sort to bee given to the said Oaptaine Thomas Oheston. Barry wayve of ten peices. Gold and ermin, over all a saltier Gules. And to the Orest uppon a helmett on a wreath gules, or, and ermin, an arme or gantlett for the right hand, holding a sword upright, and thereupon a mans head cutt off, all proper, with this motto. Ex merito. And shall I here amongst the memory of so many brave worthies, bury the remembrance of Thomas Oaven- 156 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK dish Esq*^ borne of that worshipfull family here at Trimley ? noe I may nott his haughty desires, his proud fortune, and his invincible courage hath so eternized his name to his posterity, that I cannott butt vouchsafe liim some honorable remembrance as most deservedly in this our breviary, especially for sea adventures. In the yeare 1585 having furnished outt a ship wherein hee was Oaptaine, and going to Virginia, to Florida, to the Islands of Dominica, Hispaniola, and to the West Indies, with Richard Greenvill, at his coming home hardned to sea, and emboldned through the good successe of the voyage: hee tooke uppon him selfe a voyage into the South, for which hee built a new brave ship from the keele called the Desire of 140 tunne, furnishing her with two yeares provision for all things necessary, and so furnishing himselfe with another smal ship called the Content of 60 tunne, and a little barke of 40 tunne comprehending in the whole six score and five men. Hee sett saile from Plymouth forward on his voyage the 21 of July 1586. When hee was well entered into Ills voyage, though hee mett often with most fearfull and desperate dangers, in vnknowne coasts, through long stormes, nothing could dismay him in his haughty resolution, for by long and often alternate proofe of prosperous, as of adverse fortune hee had gotten by great experience the very mother and misteries of wisdome in all maritimal accidents, in such sort, that with an vnconquered mind hee overcommed all diffi¬ culties, and having passed a world of dangers, having passed the equinoctiall line foure times, and also the MONUMENTS IN OHUROHES 157 streights Magellanes, hee finished his voyage round about the globe of the earth in the space of one yeare and ten months, with invincible courage, great good goverment, and incredible celerity, to the admiration of all men, and so after hee had taken and burnt 20 saile of Spanish ships, and burned divers townes and villages, hee arrived at Plymouth the 9: of September 1588. Monuments in Churches Thus having finished my observations of this kind, which some few among many of just desert, and com¬ mendation, which the occurrences of these times haue vouchsafed to impart, I thinke it now fitt to conclude this my breviary, with the commemoration of elder times in another kind, for if the life of antiquity bee vndermined and consumed with the length of dayes, which soon doth eate, and weare outt all worldly tilings, then what is more pleasing and delightfull then to renew the memory of the decayed monuments of our forefathers wliich every ingenious disposition ought to preserve, nature teacheth every one to perpetuate the reverend estimation and continuance of his ancestors from whence he is descended in respect whereof, art hath devised, since that in respect of our fraile condition, humane essence cannott evermore here subsist, (after the records of humane history liave once represented the virtuous course of a godly life to the high honour of the Eternall, and the heroicall adventures of a good compatriot, to 158 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK the best behoofe of the publick benefitt) to continue so much as may bee the honorable memory of every well deserving person by heroicall eflBgies, moral symbols, and significant representations, these monuments being expressed in stone, glasse, and such materials in our Temples where all divine worship attending the last resurrection is performed, (to signifle a supernatural! desire to aspire to that devine and blessed immortalitie) doe yett remain subject to envy, bitternesse of malice the injury of weather, and the revolution of time, and so doe prove soone defaced, and worne outt, of the truth hereof dayly experience teacheth: which hath occasioned mee often to frequent, and studiously to observe those sacred places where these monuments are, and are seen dayly to fall to decay, of which number I thought it now good here to repaire the mines of some honorable monuments, nott for that they doe conferre any profltt to the immortality of the soul of any owner, butt ouely to continue the reverend opinion and memory of the departed, and the decency of things, and the seemly commemoration of such records, tending much to excite the regarders to all honorable indeavers and piety of life. And in the first place as most neerest into mee I must goe to the church of Lavenham full of the monu¬ ments of the ancient and sometime Lord of that towne the Earle of Oxeford, though full many of them within this 40 yeares that I have knowne them, are worne outt, and decayed, which to supply I will now in- deavour what I can. MONUMENTS IN CHURCHES 159 In the Church windowes I find these escocheous. Veare .... Will: Conqueror . . Quarterly Gules, and or impaled. . Gules two lyons passant Gardant or, empaled. Lord Wells. . . . Or, a lyon rampant sable, queue furche. Mandeville. . . Oxeford .... . Quarterly or, and Gules. . Quarterly gules, and or, in the 1 a mullett argent empaled. Lord Say Earle of Essex . Quarterly or, and gules in Mandeville Essex , the I a lyon passant azure. , Quarterly or, and gules a saltire llo wred counterclianged empaled. Beauchamp B: Bedford . . Quarterly or, and gules a Bygod E: Norfolk bend sable, empaled Oxeford. . per pale or, and vert, a lyon ramp¬ ant Gules, empaled Oxeford. Lord Bulbeck. . , , verte a lyon rampant argent, wounded on the shoulder Gules. Lord D’engayne . . Gules, a fesse dauncette between 6 crosse croslets or, empaled Oxeford. Quincy E: of Windiest* . Gules, 7 mascles or, 3: 3: 1. Vfford. , sable, a crosse engrailed or, and Quincy empaled. Beamonde E: of Leicester . Gules a cinque foile ermine perforated. Courtney E: of Devonshire . or, 3 torteaux, empaled Oxeford. 160 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Rivers E: of Devonshire . or, a lyon rampant azure. Lord Sandford . . Barry ende of 6: argent, and azure. Lord Furnivall . . or, a bend betweene 6: martletts gules. Folliott. Gules a bend argent. Mortimer of Wigmore . Barry of 6: or, and azure, an escochion argent in cheife, 3 palletts of the first between 2 cantons gyrons of the 2'’. Mountchansie . . Barry of 10: argent and azure, of Edwardston. Hastings .... or, a maunch gules. Earle Warren . . cheeky or, and azure, empaled Oxeford. Lord Arginton , . Gules 3: standing cups covered or, empaled Oxeford. Lord Badlesmere Argent a fesse betweene 2 genereux Gules. Mortuomare . . . vt antea, empaled Badlesmere. Lord Rosse . . . Gules 3 water bougetts argent, empaled Badlesmere. Lord Tiptofte. . . argent a saltire engrailed Gules, empaled Badlesmere. Glocester .... or, 3 chevrons Gules, a labell of 3 points azure. Pitz-Roy Earle of Glocester. Lord Beaumond azure, a lyon rampant or, betweene 8 fioure de luces or, empaled by Oxeford. MONUMENTS IN CHURCHES 161 Lord Fitzwater . • or, a fesse betweene 2 chevrons gules, empaled by Oxeford. Monthermer . . • or, a spread eagle vert, membred gules, emiialed by Glocester. Vfford .... • Sable, a crosse ingrailed or, em¬ paled by Oxeford. Norwich . . . per pale gules, and azure a lyon rampant argent, empaled by Vfford. Ingram, Lord Cowcye . Barry of 6: vary argent, azure, and gules, empaled by Oxeford, then thus quarterly azure, 3: crownes in triangle or, within a bordure argent, 2'' quarter Vere, the 3'^ as the 2 ': the 4: as the 1: Vere empaled. Sergeaux . . . • Argent a saltire sable 12 cherries gules, stalkes vert. D’Albigney Earle of Arundel . Gules a Lyon rampant or. Oxeford empaletli. Howard.... • Gules, a bend between 6 crosse croslets Ached argent. Lord Playze . . • per pale or and gules a lyon pass¬ ant gardant argent. Lord Scales . . • Gules 6 escallops argent 3.2.1. Howard empaletli. Phittone . . . • ermine 3 annuletts gules one within another. Howard empaleth. Duboys .... • ermin a crosse sable. Howard empaleth. X BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK 162 Walton. argent upon a cheife indented sable, 3 besants. Howard empaleth. Stapleton .... argent a lyon rampant sable. Scales empaleth. Lord Bardolphe . . azure 3 cinquefoiles or. Scales empaleth. Courtney .... or 3 torteaux a labell of 3 points azure. Scales empaleth. Lord Powyes. . . or a lyon rampant Gules. Carle- ton, Scales empaleth. Archdeacon . . . argent 3 chevrons sable. Vere empaled. Lord Scroope . . . azure a bend or. Vere empaled. Nevill Earl of Salisbury . Gules a saltire argent, a Stafford . . . . labell of 3 points gobbon'ye argent and azure. Vere em¬ paled. or, a chevron and a bordure en- grailed Gules. Vere empaled. Montague Earle of Salisbury . argent 3 fueyls in fesse gules. Vere empaled. Langham of Suffolk. argent a fesse gules. Vere em¬ paled. Glanvyll . . . . argent a cheife indented azure. Vere empaled. Montfichett . . . Gules 3 chevrons or. Vere em¬ paled. Meschines Earle of Chester . or 3 barrs Gules. Beauchamp of Somersettshire . Varry argent and azure. MONUMENTS IN CHURCHES 163 Bohim Earle of Heriford . azure a bend argent cotized or, between 6 lyons rampant or, empaled Vere. Plantaginett Duke of Glocester . quarterly Prance and England a bordure argent, em¬ paled Boliun. Thus far in the church of Lavenham concerning the matches of Oxeford, and with Oxeford, and with their allyes in every time, butt because more life will bee given to these, if the lineall discent were here sett downe, I haue to that end here expressed the Genealogie of that Honorable family, and whereas our antiquaries would derive him from Charlemaigne, who invested that family with the Earledome of Guysnes, I will begin with tliat of most probability and truth, as in sundry records I find the same, and so with that Earle who came first into England with the Conqueror. 16i BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK ALBERICKE DE VEARE coming into England with William the = Conqueror was the 7: Earle of Guysnes who being honored [ with many possessions in Essex, built a Monastrye at Colne i where hee lyeth buried. j I Albericke de Yeare the 8: Earle of Gu 3 'snes, Portgrave and Shreeve of London and = Midlesex, Cheife Justice of England, and bj' Henry I: made Lord Chamberlain of England, hee was slaine in a commotion by the citizens of London in the 2^ yeare of King Stephen 1140. it is written of this man, that hee went into the holy land with Robert Curtois where hee fought valiantly against the Saracens often overcoming, and when by his prowesse hee had recovered S‘ Georges banner which the Saracens had gotten, all the Christian princes gave theire consent hee should beare S'^ Georges sheild in the first part of his escocheon, or with his owne armes. and after for his valiancy they gave him a Star of Silver to beare in the first quarter of his sheild, because a certain star did shine so clerely that the Christian armye at darke midnight did overcome the Saracens. BEATRIX the daughter of Harlow^-n Earle of- Alice the daughter of Geo- frye Mandevyll, aunt vnto Geofrye Mandevyll, the 1: Earle of Essex. Albericke de Yeare 9. Earle of Guysnes Lord Chamberlayne of England, = Euphemia daughter of who for taking part with Maud the Empress against K. Stephen W™ Cantelupe K*® the Intruder, was made the 1st. E. of Oxford: hee d. 1194 1. wife si. pro. = Adelizia the daughter of Henry of Essex, Baron of Raleigh. Albericke de Yeare = Adelizia daughter of Roger 1. son, 2'^ Earle of Bygod Earle of Norfolk, Oxford. died without lawful issue, 17 King John. 1214. Robert de Yeare 3‘* Earle = Isabell sole da. and beire of Hugh de of Oxford, died 5. Hen. Bulbeck Baron of Bulbeck and of 3. 1221. Margarett his wife the 1'* da. and coheire of Rich. L‘' Mountfichett. Hugo de Yeare 1. son 4. Earle of Oxford = Amicia the daughter of Sayer Quincy, died the 48. Hen. 3: 1263. I Earle of Winchester. Robert de Yeare 5. Earle of Oxford = Alice the dau. and heire of Gilbert died the 24. of Ed. 1. 1295. I Baron of Saundford. Alphonsus de Yeare 2. son, died before his brother, the 2^ of Edward 3'*. Robert de Yeare 6. Earle = INIargarett the da. of Roger of Oxford 1. son. hee Mortimer of Wigmore. died without issue. Hee died 1331. d = Jane the da. of Sir Richard Folliott Knight. John de Yeare the 7. Earle of Oxford = died 23"* of E'* the 3*. Albery de Yeare 2^ son. = Alice the da. of 10 Earle of Oxford John Lord died 1. Hen. 4.1400. Fitzwater. John de Yere K*' 3'* son, died without issue 19. R. 2. Margaret = 1. Hen. Lord Beaumont of Lincolnshire. 2. John DevereuxK* of Gar¬ ter, Constable of Dover. GENEALOGIE OP OXEFORD 165 X I I Rose = Jeoffrj-e Mandeville, the Juliane = to Hugh Bj-god 1. Earle of Essex, s.p. the 1. Earle of Norfolk. 2. to Payne Beauchampe Baron of Bedford. William de Veare Henry de Veare, Adelicia. .Sarah. = S' Richard Engayne S’* son B.B. of 4‘'' son. of Lincolnshire. Hartford. > I leabell = John Courtney Earle of Devonshire. Henry de Veare of Addington in Northamptonshire. 2: son. Elionor = Hugh de Naunton Esq. in the time of E'* the 2'*. Hugo de Veare S'* son. = the da. and heire of W*” Mount- Avice = chancy Knight and Baron of Edwardstone, both died with¬ out issue. William son and Lora = Reginald Lord heire of John Argenton Plantagenett of Horseheatb. Earle Warren. Maud the da. and 1. coheire of Bartholomew Lord Badlesmere Baron of Leeds. Margarett the 2'* coheire to John Lord Tiptoff. Marjerey the S'* coheire to W™ Lord Rosse. Elinor the 4. coheire to W™ Bohim Earle of Northampton, Essex, and Constable of England. Thomas de Veare 1 son. the 8 Earle of Oxford died the 45 of Ed. S. 1S70. Maud da. and coheire of Rafe Vfford, Lord Cheife Justice of Ireland. 9 16G BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Richard de Yere 1. son of 11. Earle of Oxford died 4. Hen. 5. 1415. Alice da. and coheire of Rich'* Sergeaux of Cornwall K‘ and of Phillippa his wife, da: of Rich. Fitz- allen, Earle of Ar- rundell and Surrey. John de Yere Alice = John Fitz Lewes K*. 2^ son. died without issue. 9. Hen. 5. John Yere 1 son. 12. Earle of Oxford beheaded for Treason 5. Ed. 4. 1462. Alice da. and heire of John Howard K* and of Johanna his wife da. and heire of John ^Yalton K* which John Howard was the son and heire of John Howard K* and of Margarett his wife, da. and heire of John Playze of Stansted Mont Fitchett in Essex, K* which John Howard was the son of Robert Howard of East Winch in Norfolk, K‘ and of Margarett his wife, da. and coheire of Robert Lord Scales, which Robert was the heire generall of S'' Robert du Boys K* and S' Edmond de Phitton K*. John Yere 13. Earle of Oxford died without issue 4. of Hen. 8. = 1. Margarett da. of Richard Nevill, Earle of Salisbury. 2. Phillipija da. of Rich. Scroope K‘. S' George Yere K* S'* son, died before his brother John. = Margarett da. and heire of S' Wil¬ liam Stafford K*. Aubery 1. son, beheaded with his father. John Yere 14. Earle of Oxford surnamed Little John of Campes. Died without issue 18. Hen. 8. 1526. = Anne the da. of Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth. = S' Anthony 1. sister and Wingfield coheire. K*. Dorothy. = John Nevill 2. sister Lord Latimer, and coheire. John Yere 16 Earle of Oxford = 1. Dorothy da. of Ralphs Nevill, 4. Earle of AVest- j-— moreland. J 2. Margery sister of S' Thomas Golding. Elizabeth = Thos Lord Darcy of Chich. Anne = Edmond 1. Lord SheflBeld. Edward t'ere 17. Earle of = 1. Anne Trentham 1 Mary = Peregrine Bartie Katharine = Edward Lord Oxford, died 2. of King maid of honor to >— Lord Willoughby Windsor. James. Queen Elizabeth. J of Eresbye. f Cecill da. of Y'illiam -( Cecill Lord Burley t 1 wife. John Yere of Kirby Hall in Heveningham, 1. son. S' Franeis Yere K* the famous Generall in the Netherland warres. Henry Yere 18 Earle of Oxford, Elizabeth = William Stan- Bridgett = Francis Lord Susan = Phillip Herbert Baron Bulbeck, Samford and ley 6. Earle Norrice of Earle of Mont- Badlesmere, Lord Chamber- of Darby. Ricott. gomery. laine of England 1615, borne 1592. GENEALOGIE OF OXEFORD 167 0 Robert de Vere the 9 Earle of Oxford, by Rich. S'* was made Marquis of Dublin, and the year following Duke of Ireland, for his evill counsell to the King hee was banished the realm. Hee died at Lovaigne a banished man, the 16. of Rich** the S'* 139s without issue. When the King made him Duke of Ireland, hee gave him these Armes:—Quarterly azure. 3 Crownes in triangle, or, a bordure argent in the S'* and 3'* quarter Vere, in the 4. as the 1. Phillippa the da. of Ingelrame De Coucy Earle of Bedford. Robert Vere, K‘ S'* son = Johanne da. of Hugh Courtney K* and of Phillippa da. and heire of S'" Warren Archdeacon of Devon, K‘. —Thomas 4. '—Richard 5. Knights. —Mary, a nun at Barking in Essex. —Jane = Lord W™ Nor- rice of Oxfordshire, K‘. —Elizabeth = W"* Vi- count Bouchier. D.s.p. Hitherto in Lavenham Church. Vrsula. 3. sister = 1. George Windsor Esq. and coheire. S. S'" Edmond Knightley Sergeant-at-law. John Veer K* 1. son and heire. Alice da. and heire of Walter Kyll- rington at Col- brooke K*. JohnVeer younger = Agnes da: of Tho. Fachell, Thomas Vere Esq. = Elizabeth da. of Thos. Hunt of Coldingham. I John Vere, by the favor of King Hen. 8. as next heir to his = Elizabeth da. and heire of kinsman John the 14 Earle of Oxford, succeeded as 15 1 Sir Edward Trussell of Earle of O.xford. Hee died 31 of Hen. 8. 1539. and lieth | Cubleston in Staffordsh. buried at Heveningham in Essex. K* and Banneret. Frances = 1. Hen. Howard Earle of Surrey. S. Thomas Stainings. Auberey Vere = R. da. of Robert S'* son. Spring of 3'* son. Lavenham. Jeffery of Hevening¬ ham in Essex, Esq. = the dau. of I Harkins I of Essex. I Mary da. and heire = Charles Sackford of AVoodbridge Kt. Master of the Requests to Queen Elizabeth. k I S' Horatio Vere K* 3"* son. a great leader in martial adventures. Daniel Vere captaine. Sydrache A'ere slaine in the beseiging of Daventure 1593. I Susanna lived at Naples. Judith. John Vere Esq. ser¬ ving Stephen Gar¬ diner, Kshop of AVinchester, went into Spaine 4. of Ed. 6. and after to Naples, where under the King of Spaine he was Captaine of a Castle. Hee died 1575. = Nuntia da. of AA'ill. Gre¬ gory of South¬ ampton. 168 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Spj'ings Geneologie The next matter that I doe find there in that Church worthy of observation is in the chappell on the north side of the chancell called Braunches chappell. I find there uppon a marble gravestone vnder a statue of brasse armed from head to feet, is this Epitaph. Orate pro anima dementis Heigham armigeri qui obijt xxvF die Septembris anno dni Mittimo ccccc cujus animae propitietur deus. Amen. Above one single escocheon of Heigham, sable a fesse componee or, and azure, betweene 3 horses heads erased argent. So againe I find that Spring who dwelled there long since in the trade of a clothier hath built a good part of the steeple, as his armes, upon the top of the steeple round about in places all engraven in free stone do sufficiently shew so likewise uppon sundry windowes in glasse, and upon the outt side of the south side of the chancell his armes all in free stone, and in another chappell curiously carved in wood, doe sufficiently shew, they were so great benefactors to the building of this church that I cannott but here sett downe what I find of them. Orate pro animabus Thome Spring qui hoc vestibulum fieri fecit in vita sua, et Mar- garetse vxoris ejus qui quidem Thomas Spring of Laven- ham Clothier Thomas Spring of Laven- Thomas obijt septimo die ham Clothier that built mensis Septembris anno domini the vestrye, hee Mar: Mifiimo cccc IxxxvU et pre- SPRINGS GENEOLOGIE 169 Margarett and lyetli dicta Margareta obijt anno buried in the vestrye. domini Mittimo cccc Ixxx quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen. His statue is in brass praying, and vnder him 4 sons on the one side on their knees and vnder hir on the other side 7 daughters on their knees with this mark in an escocheon. In the vestrye—Orate pro anima Jacobi Spring qui objit 31 die Augusti Anno dni Mittimo cccc lxxxxiij° cujus animaj propitietur deus. Amen. In Springs chappell on the north side of the church which is curiously carved full of escocheons upon a gravestone there I find this epitaphe. Orate pro animabus Thomae Spring et Aliciae vxoris ejus qui quidem Thomas obijt Anno Dhi millimo cccccx°, et pre¬ dicta Alicia obijt xx° die mensis Januarij Anno Dili millimo cccccxij, quorum animabus propitietur Deus. Amen. Vnder their statues in brasse on the mans side are 4 sons, and on the womans side are 4 daughters, 4 escocheons at each corner one with the clothing marke, butt noe armes. Vpon the outt side of the chappell on the south side of the chancell are 16 escocheons of Springs coat carved in free stone with this inscription in text letters. Orate pro animabus Thomae Spring armigeri, et Aliciae vxoris ejus, qui istam capellam fieri fecerunt anno dni Mittimo cccccxxv. Y 170 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK * Hoc tegitur saxo Johannes Spring miles qui quidem Johannes obijt 12 die mentis februarij anno a christo nato millimo cccccivii cujus anima propitietur deus Amen. This epitaph in Hitcham church vnder his statue aU armed in brasse 2 escocheons 1 Springs single coat the 2 Spring empaled IValdegrave and ^loun- chancj quarterly. Thomas Spring of Lavenham, surnamed the Rich Clothier who built 2 chappels in Lavenham Church, and a great part of the vpper part of the steeple there. Hee died as appears by his epi¬ taph. 1510.* =1. Alice da: of Thos: Appleton of Waldringfield Gent. =2. The Da; of one King, of Boxford. S'John Spring k‘lyeth = Dorothy da: of S'Will: Anne the 1: da: = S'Thomas Jerm 3 n Rose 2'* da: = M'Gibbon buried at Hitcham 2: Ed: 6. 1547. Waldegrave k‘ lyeth buried at Cockfield. K‘: of Linne. S' Will™ Spring of Pakenham k* died 3: Feb: 1599. = 2 . 1. Anne da: of S' Thomas Kitson. Susan widdow of Talmache, da; of S' Ambrose Jer- myn k‘. Bridgett = 1. Tho: Fleetwood Esq. 1. da. 2. S' Rob: Wingfeild k‘. Frances 2: da; = Edmond Wright Esq. I 0 Thomas Spring of = Juliana da: of 51' Fairy Pakenham 1: son. Sheriffe of London. John Spring of Pakenham = Anne sister of Esq. died 14 Novem: 1601. hee changed his coat armour and left outt the cinque foyles, and bare the chevron engrailed. S' Jonathan Trelawny of Devonshire. Margarett. 1: da: died a maid. Dorothy = Edmond 2: da. Jermyn Esq. Anne. = Thomas 3. da. Hynson Esq. S' Will: Spring k* married. SPRINGS GENEOLOGIE 171 James Spring 2 son, slain in a quarrell Cecily = Robert Sextin of between Brent Ely & Lavenham, Levenham. buried in the Vestrye as appears by his epitaph dated 31 Aug: 1493. Robert Spring clothier at the first, after¬ wards an esquire. —1. Anne the da: of Thos: Eden of London. =2. Emma da: of Parris of Linton in Cambridge¬ shire. Bridgett = Audley of the Isle of Wight. 3: da: —1. Elizabeth = Jno: Gynney of Norfolk, Esq: —2. Dorothy = W" Humberston Esq: —3. Bridgett = Thos. Thwaites of Hardingham in Norfolk Esq: —4. Grizell died unmarried. —5. Frances = Rob‘ Ashfeild of Stowlangtoft Esq: —6. Mary = Chas. Cleere of Stokesley Esq: f I Henry. 7. son. a priest. Robert. Jerome = 1. da. of Stephen = da: of 5. son 3. son. Lovell. 6: son. Downes, mar. beyond 2. a da: London. of Gray. John = Katherine 4 son. da: of Peryn. Nicholas 2 son. Robert Spring of Islingham Esq: died 1593. =1. The 2. da. and coheire of Foster of Birch. =2. Anne da: of Ho- gon of Norfolk. Thomas William 3: son Edward 4: son slaine in slaine in a captaine Ireland. Ireland. slaine in the unmarried. wars of the low countries. -7 children. Elizabeth da: of William Risbye. Robert Spring Anna da: William Robert Jerome and 2. son. 3: son 4. son 2: coheire Marchant died of Eden of without 3: in London. issue. Norfolk. 4: o. 6: I I Thomas Spring. Anne. Elizabeth. Robert. John. Elizabeth died young. Dorothy = John Roberts of Wallsham. Margarett = . . . John- 7. Juliana = John Hayes. 8. Frances = Moase. I 172 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK In the east window on the same chappell are there sett 4 escocheons, 2 whereof are with Springs clothing marke as before, and 2 are with these coats, argent, on a chevron between 3 mascles gules, 3 cinque foyles or, at the nether end of the window was there written, Orate pro animabus Thomm Spring et Aliciae vxoris ejus qui istas fenestras vitreas fieri fecerunt anno Dui— 1527.—1527. So that this coat of armes was obtained 15 yeares after his death. Thus far the Church of Lavenham, the next and neerest vnto it, is the Church of Preston, which I cannott passe what there I doe find. There being the coats of the greater number of Suffolk ancient, and grounded Gentry, which wee have at this day, as you may see by that which here followeth. And in the first place in the Chancell, The Holy Trinitye . Azure a trinitye argent. That is in a feild azure 3 rundles in tryangle, and a 4: in the middest, wherein is written Deus, in the rundle on the right side, is written Pater. In the rundle on the left side is written Filius. In the rundle on the base point is written spiritus sanctus, all which 3 are vnited to the word Deus in the middest, with this word est, as Pater est deus, Filius est deus, and Spiritus Sanctus est deus, and yett these three are distinguished SPRINGS GENEOLOGIE 173 in the borders with these words, non est, as pater non est Filins, Filins non est spiritus sanctus, and Spiritus sanctus non est Pater: these were sometimes the armes of the holy Trinity of Ipswich, vnto which the cheife Manner of this towne did sometimes belong, and from which it taketh here the highest place.^ St. Johns of Jerusalem . Argent a crosse petoncee or, betweene 4 other crosses of the same, this was sometimes the coat armour of Jerusalem from whence the order of knights called of S*" Johns of Jerusalem did beare this coat, to this order in many shires many principall Manners did belong, whereof there was one in this towne, and that a cheife Manner which did beare this coat in honour of the patron of this order. Mortimer . . Azure florited argent this was the ancient coat of a knight sometimes dwelling in this towne called Mortimer ' The Mannour of Preston belonged to the Priory of the Holy Trinity in Ipswich. The Manner of Masters in Preston belonged to the Hospitall of St. Johns of Jerusalem both these Manners were granted by King Hen; 8 to S'' Andrew Judde Alderman of London, amongst other things in the 35'*' of the said Kings reigne. 174 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Oxford . . . Jermyn . . . Rookewood . . Wingefeild . . Heveningham , Brewse . . , Jerningham . , whose statue in armour is yett in the window there, and Lord of the Manner of Mortimer.^ Quarterly Gules, and or in the 1: a mullett argent, given by the name of Veare of long time Lord of the principall of this towne. Sable a cressant betweene 2 mulletts in pale argent, sometimes Lord of a Manner here. Argent 6 chesse rookes sable 3.2.1. Lord sometimes of two Manners here. Argent upon a bend Gules, 3 paire of winges displayed of the 1: cottized sable, sometimes Lord of the cheife Manner here. In the Church Quarterly or, and Gules a bordure sable semy de escallops argent. Argent a lyon rampant gules, crowned proper Queue furche crucylee of the second. Argent 3 fermeaux or buckles lozengee Gules—the buckle though deemed of the ignorant, butt a thing of base 1 See Weavers fun; monuments fol. 809 and Morgan’s Sphere of Gentry, fol: 28, lib: 1. IN THE CHURCH 175 Waldegrave Clopton . . Heigham Ashfeild . . Naunton . . Talmaclie vse, yett with the ingenious vnder- standing, it hath alwayes bin a re¬ semblance of honorable employment, so that it is commonly borne in the sheilds, armes, and devices, and Im¬ presses of princes, great persons, and many honorable families, as love, ami tie, and freindship vniteth, and concordeth the affections of such as have bin distracted, devided, and through discord, and varience tome, and rent asunder, so the use of the buckle is to vnite, and to bring to¬ gether sundry things by distance seperated, and far removed, that so tyed together with the band of long experienced wisdome, and prudence there may arise such a vnited power, and strength, and force that doth prove invincible and indissolvable. parte per pale argent, and gules. Sable, a bend argent, 2 cottizes daun- cette or. Sable a fesse componee or, and azure, betweene 3 horses heads erased argent. Sable a fesse engrailed, betweene flower de luces argent. Sable 3 martletts argent. Argent a frett sable. 176 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Tylney . . Jermye . . Mannocke . Felton . . Wentworth . Bacon. . . Glemham Parker . . Spring. . . Foorde . . Gosnolde Coppinger Grimeston . Gourdon . . Drury . . . . Argent a chevron between 3 grifiens heads erased Gules. . Argent a lyon rampant gardant gules. . Sable a crosse flewrye argent. . gules 2 lyons passant ermyn crowned proper. . Sable a chevron between 3 Leopards heads, or. Lord of Nettlested. . Gules, upon a cheife argent 2 mulletts peirced sable. . Or, a chevron between 3 torteaux gules. . Argent a lyon passant gules, between 2 bars sable charged with 3 bezants 2.1. in cheife 3: buckes heads cabossed sable. . Argent on a chevron between 3 mascles gules, 3 cinque foiles or. . Gules, 2 bends varry argent and sable, on a canton or, a demy grey hound currant sable, of Butlye. . Parted per pale embattelled or and azure. . Bendy of 6: or, and gules, on a fesse azure 3 plates, all in a bordure pur- pure. . Argent, on a fesse sable 3 rowells of 6 points or peirced gules. . Sable 3 leopards heads florited or. . Argent, uppon a cheife vert 2 mulletts or pierced gules. S'" Rob: Drury of Rougham. IN THE CHURCH 177 Crofts .... Or, 3 bulls heads coupee sable 2: 1. Cornwallys . . Sable guttee argent, upon a fesse argent 3 cornish choughs proper. Bernardistou . Azure, a fesse dauncettee ermyn, between 6 crosse crosseletts argent. Jennye . . . Ermyn, a bend gules, between 2 cot- tizes or. Duke .... Azure, a chevron between 3 brents argent beakes, and feett gules. Garnislie . . . Argent, a chevron azure, between 3 escallops sable, of Kenton. Lewkener . . Azure, 3 chevrons argent, a mullett or, for difference. Polye .... Or, a lyon rampant sable, armed and langued gules. Crane .... Argent, a fesse betweene 3 crosse crosselets bottonee fltche gules. Appleton. . . Argent, a fesse sable, betweene 3 apples gules stalkes vert. Plater.... Argent 3 bends vndee azure. North .... Azure, a lyon passant between 3 flower de luces argent. Payton . . . Sable, a crosse engrailed or, a mullett ill the 1: quarter argent. Gawdye . . . Vert, a tortoise in fesse argent. Sackford . . . Ermyn, uppon a fesse gules 3 escallops argent. Rowse . . . Sable, a fesse dauncette or, between 3 cressants argent. z 178 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Fits-le-Hunt^ . Estoteville . . Wittypoule . . Bleverhassett . Tyrrell . . . Siiyllyarde . . Noou . . . . Warner . . . Eden . . . . Colte . . . . Harvey . . . Bookenliam . . Vert a saltier or. Parted per pale argent and sable, a saltier engrailed counterchanged ermynes, and ermyne. Parted per pale or and gules 3 lyons passant gardent counterehanged all in a bordure eounter colored gules, and or. Gules, a chevron ermyn between 3 dol¬ phins hauriant argent, of Lowdham. Argent, 2 chevrons azure a bordure engrayled gules. Argent, a chevron gules between 3 pheons sable. Or a crosse engrailed vert, quere, whether a plaine crosse of Martles- ham. Quarterly in the 1:^ per pale indented argent and sable, in 2'* and 3‘' azure a flower de luce or, 4: as the 1: Argent, upon a fesse gules 3 garbes or, between 2 chevrons azure each charged with 3 escallops ar: Argent a fesse between 3 colts currant sable. Gules, upon a bend argent 3 trefoiles vert. Argent a frett azure. * Hunt of Bradly pva the same coat. 2 Another Author has it parted by bend, sed quaere. IN THE OHUROH 170 Fastolphe Tasborough . Lucas . . . Ryvett . . Olynch . . Golclingham . Turner . , Southwel. . Bacon. . . Martin . . Tymperly Reade. . . . Quarterly or and azure, over all a bend gules charged with 3 crosse croslettes argent. . Argent, a chevron between 3 palmers scrips hanging on pilgrimes stafles sable garnished or. . Argent, a fesse between 6 annuletts gules. . Argent 3 bars, and 3 trevetts in cheife sable. Anne daughter and co-heire of S'" Tho: Rivett of Chipenham in the County of Cambridge Knight married Hen: Lord Windesore of Bradenham, about the yeare 1590. . Gules 3 rings gemell vnder a cheife or. . Argent a bend wavye gules. . Ermyn on a crosse argent perforated quadrangularIy,4:ferdumoidinessable. . Argent 3 cinque foiles gules peirced. . Argent, on a fesse engrailed gules, 3 mulletts or peirccd sable, between 3 escocheons gules, of Hessett. . Argent, a chevron between 3 maschles sable, a bordure ingrailed gules. . Quarterly gules and argent, in the 1: an escallop or. . Azure upon a bend or, 3 cornish choughs sable beake and leggs gules, all in a bordure argent. 180 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Yaxlye . . Oolbye . . Cavendish . Daniel . . Doyley . . Hoberde . . . Ermin a chevron sable between 3 mul- letts gules peirced. . Azure a chevron between 3 escallops or, all in a bordure or. Another author has the chevron en¬ grailed and bordure, sed quere. . Sable, 3 harts heads cabossed argent, attired or. . Argent, a pale fucilee sable. . Gules, 3 buckes heads cabossed argent attired or. . Sable, a star of 7 points or, between 2 flanches ermyn, that is 3 points on the one side, and 3 points on the other side, the 7 and last point up¬ right, somewhat longer than all the rest, to signifle that Justice, vpright- nesse, and true dealing ought to bee equally in all parts, where soever wee become, and with whom soever wee haue to deal, (and this was the morall signification of this coat, when as it was first given, as sable a star of 8 points between 2 flanches ermyn) butt especially when wee look up to heaven to our Creator, we must endeavor to converse in his presence with more than a common worldly integrity. Now if it bee demanded why here is butt 7 peices IN THE CHURCH 181 Honynges Farley Hare . . Brooke . Warner . Reave Brewster or points, and hereof one longer than the rest tending upright on high: this may bee supposed to bee the cause, that the bearer of this coat here resident within this shire, and the inheritance of this family, and so the coat absolute, and entire by a daughter of the elder brother being transferred, and carried away into another family, hee hath required authority to grant this manner of bearing, rather than to carry it with the difference, and blemish of a 2'* brother, which as the coat standeth, and being sett in his proper place would exceedingly give blemish to the same. Quarterly Gules, and vert a lyon ram¬ pant argent. Argent on a bend vert 3 buckes heads cabossed argent. Gules, 2 bars and a cheife indented or. Gules, upon a chevron argent a lyon rampant sable crowned or, Aspal. Or, a bend engrailed between 6 roses gules leaved vert. Sable, 3 speares heads azure, upon a chevron between 3 flower de luces or. Sable, a chevron ermyn between 3 stars of 6 points or. 182 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Thurston . . Warner . . . Woolricli . . . Barker . . . Penninge . . Orocheroode S" Rob: Hitcliam S'" Rob: Gardiner Lanye . . . D’eux . . . .' Lord Cooke . . Sergeant Barker Beddingfeild . Barrow , . . Argent, 3 hutchetts sable garnished or. Brmyn on a crosse ragulee sable 5 stars of 6 points or, of Framingham. Gules, a chevron between 3 birds volant argent. Parted per fesse nubulee azure, and sable, 3 martletts or, a canton ermyn. Gules, 3 buckes heads coupee argent a cheife indented ermyn. Or, a saltire ermyn between 4 lyons heads eraced sable. Gules, upon a cheife or, 3 torteaux, a cressant for difference. Gules a chevron between 3 griflBns heads eraced or. Or, a lyon passant idem upon a bend between 2: flower de luces gules. ^Or, a fesse varry argent and azure between 3 trefoiles gules. Parted per pale gules and azure 3 spread eagles argent. Barry of ten, or and sable, over all a bend gules. Ermin 3 spread eagles, gules. I And but one eagle displayed of. Sable 2 swords per saltire argent between 4 flower de luces or. ' See Morgn’s Sphere of Gentry lib: 1: fol: 90, on Duty. 2 Symoncls Dewes of Stow hall in Suffolk bore the same coat. IN THE OHUROH 183 Brooke Mouniuges Kempe .... Sparrow . . . . Brende . . . . W“ Oordel . . S' Stephen Soame . S' Thomas Skinner S' John Prettyman S' Will: Devereux . Or, a Crosse engrailed parted per pale gules, and sable, of Nacton. Quarterly azure, an insett escoche- on argent invironed with 9 incres- sants or, 2 upon a pile in point gules a cressant or between an incressant and decressant gules in a feild or. S'* as 2'*, 4*'*' as P*'. Gules 3 garbes or, all in a bordure engrayled of the same. Argent 3 roses gules seeded or, a cheife of the 2**. Argent 3 speares heads of the same upon a chevron sable between 3 left hands of the 2'*. Gules a chevron ermine betweene 3 griffins heads erased argent. Gules, a chevron between three malletts or. Or, on a fesse between three luers gules, a lyon passent, or. Gules, a lyon passant between 2 bendletts and 3 mulletts or. Argent, a fesse, in cheife three torteuxes gules. Lord Willoughby of i , } Or, fretty of 8 peices azure. Parham.... 1 S' Rob‘ Drury . . Argent on a cheife vert, a T be¬ tween 2 mulletts or of Hasted. S' Michael Stanhope Quarterly ermin and gules. 184 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK S'" Thomas Hugon . Ratcliffe .... Wolverston . . . Blagge .... Everard .... Batman .... Beudish .... Bohan . Brokesby .... Tassall .... Vesey. Smith of Halesworth Worthington . . . Argent, a chevron engrailed verry or, and gules between 3 hurts, each charged with a lyons paw crazed of the feild. Argent a bend engrailed sable, a mullett for difference. Sable, a fesse wavee between 3 wolves heads copee or. Argent 2 bendletts engrailed gules. Gules on a fesse argent between 3 estoiles, 3 mulletts sable. Sable 3 cressants ermin, a bordure engrailed argent. Argent a chevron sables between 3 rams head eraced, az: Gules, a cressant ermin, an orle of martletts or. Nubulee of 6 peices argent and sable, a canton ermine. Argent, on a fesse sable, between 3 eagles displayed azure, 3 cres- sants of the feild. Ermin on a crosse sable, 4 martlets or. Quarterly, azure and gules, on a bend or, 3 escallops sable in 2: and 3 quarter a griffins head eraced, or. Argent, 3 muck forkes sable on a canton ermin a dexter hand gules. IN THE OHUROH 185 Gooderich . . Argent on a fesse gules between 2 lions passant gardant sable a flower de lis between 2 cressants or. Huggett . . . . Gules, 2 bars argent, on a bend or, 3 leopards heads sable. Harbottle . . . . Azure, 3 guttes bendways or, a bordure ermine. Hull of Bornebridge) ermin, 4 bars gules, over all 3 or Whepstecl Moore I inescoclieons or. Moore.Argent a chevron ermin between 3 moores heads full faced couped. Morris of Helmingham vert a hart trippant and attired or. Muskett of Hawley Argent 2 bars gules, between G leopards heads 3.2.1 gules. Maw of Rendlesham Az; 2 bars argent between 6 mart¬ lets 3.2.1, or. Playne of Lavenham or, on a pile sable 3 mulletts of the feild. PartridgeofFinborow checquee ar: and sa: on a bend or, 3 escallops sable. Gooday of Kettle- \ Argent a fesse wavee between 2 barston . . . i leopards heads sable. Goodwyn of Ston- ) or, 3 palletts sable, on a cheife ham pva: . . . j gules 3 martletts of the feild. WanworthofSomer-l Gules, a saltire ermin, between 4 leytown . . , i spread Eagles argent. Freston .... Argent, on a fesse gules, 3 leopards heads or. 2 A 18G BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Grome of Bury . . Or, 3 piles gules, on a cheife azure 2 helmetts or. Bull of Sprougliton Cooke of Bury . . Argent, 3 bulls heads erased sable. Or, a chevron engrailed gules be¬ tween 3 trefoiles slipped azure, on a cheife gules, a lyon passant argent. Coe. Argent, 3 piles wavee gules between 12 martletts sable. Barker, or Barber of Bury ... Bales of Wilby . . 1 Or, 2 chevrons between 3 flower de t luces gules. Or, a lyon passant between 3 crosses formee sable. Goulding .... Gules a chevron argent between 3 bezants. Barwick of Westrop Argent 3 beares heads eraced azure, musled or. Battry of Bury . . azure, on a chevron between 3 crosses bottonee fltched or, 3 boares heads gules, tushed or. Bulbrooke . . . Argent, a fesse wavee between 2 helmetts sable. Arrowsmitli . . . Gules 2 broad arrowes p saltire between 4 lyons heads eraced or. Allington .... Sable a bend engrailed between 6 billetts argent. Gray of Aye . . . Gules a lyon rampant double queue ermin within a bordure argent. Plesance .... Sable, a crosse ermin between 4 escallops argent. IN THE CHURCH 187 ermin, on a cheif indented azure, 3 leopards heads or. or, a fesse between 6 lyons heads eraced gules. Gules, 3 griffins heads eraced or, a cheife indented ermin. Argent a chevron between 3 leopards heads gules. Argent 3 winges eraced gules. Ermin, a chevron quarterly or and sable, between 3 cressant gules. Ermin, on a fesse gules, 3 bezants. Azure, a chevron between 3 lyons heads eraced or. argent, a cross sable fretted or. argent a chevron between 3 tygers heads eraced sable, on a cheife sable, 3 martlets argent. Johnson of Lavenham Parted p bend argent and sable 3 trefoiles slipped counterchanged. Alleyn of Pornham . Parted p bend bevill argent and sable 6 martlets counterchanged. Poster of Copdock . Sable a chevron ermin between 3 pheons heads, or. Claxton .... Gules, a fesse between 3 hedge hoggs argent, a canton arg: Metholde .... Sable, 6 escallop argent 3.2.1. Now because I find further hanging in the church in a folded table, the armes of Queen Elizabeth somewhat Scryvener] . . . Gooding of > . . . Ipswich Snelling j . . . West. Saxton . Winch. Clarke . Windham .... Thwayt .... Clarke of Hadley . 188 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK cleanly drawne, with leaves to draw over them for their better keeping, and vnderneath thus written Elizabetha Magna Regina Anglim, and the whole forme of the escocheon is placed extraordinarily, some wayes differing from the comon sheilds of the Soveraignes of this land, I have thought it fitting here, to give the blazon of each coat, with the reason of the bearing of the same. Elizabeth the Monarch of great Brittaine beareth in hir Emperiall sheild quarterly quartered as the 1: 2 and 4: the 3: onely a single coat. In the first Quarter— England Gules 3 lyons passant gardant or, this eoat compre- hendeth 2 coats. William the conquerer Duke of Normandy, who sub¬ dued this land, absolutely bare 2: lyons passant gardant or. Elianor the sole daughter and heire of William Earle of Poictow, and Duke of Aquitaine married vnto Henry the 2'' King of England, from whom all our Kings of England are discended bare for Aquitaine Lozengee gules et or, and for Poictiers d’or a trois bendes d’azure a la bordure de Gules. After much contention for the suppressing of Aquitaine with the armes, there was a new Dutchie of Guyenne erected with these armes. Gules a lyon passant gardant or, which at a peace between S‘ Lewys king of Prance, and Henry King of England was eoncluded, and the said armes and Dutchie was given to England in lieu of all his right which hee claimed in Prance. And to this 3'* lyon of Guyenne being FRANCE 189 of the colour and forme of the other 2 was annexed vnto them and alwayes after given by the kings of this Realme. France 2: Azure 3 flower de luces or. The first kings of France as Pharamonde bare sable trois crapauts d’or his successors changed this coat and bare Gules 3 crownes d’or which continued vntill Olodoveus the first Christian king of Prance who gave azure semy de fleurs de lys or: Edward the 3'^ king of England, son vnto Phillippa his mother daughter and sole heire vnto France, and of Phillip the 4*’’ King of Prance, made tytle to the crowne and kingdome of France as next heire, bearing the armes of Prance in his sheild. And when the French king John, the 2'* of that name was taken prisoner at the battle of Poictiers, and the chiefe standard of Prance, with S’’ Jeoflrey Oharny bearer thereof also slaine, and taken: quartered the French armes in his sheild, which his successors justly haue borne to this day. Odo the 29 King of Prance anno Dili 891 was the first that in the french banners bare the flower de luces withoutt number, which continued by all the succeeding kings vnto Anno Dni 1380. Charles the 6: being the 52 king of Prance, who having lost the great and blody battle of Agincourt, and after that lost vnto King Henry the 5: King of England, all Normandy, the Citty of Paris, and divers other great townes in Prance : seing that the English had so far prevayled, daily going forward in 190 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK their victories, because hee saw the king of England beare in his escocheon the armes of Prance, azure semy de fleur de lys sans nombre d’or, to distinguish both their coat armours, he bare onely 3 flower de luces for the armes of France which the Soveraignes of this land do justly vse to this day. Prance.3 the 3 quarter as the second England .... 4 the 4 quarter as the first. Now for that here may arise a question sith that King Edward the 3** at the first quartering of the coat of France with England, placed the flower de luces in the first place, before the coat of his ancestors, and so since the kings of England succeeding him, have observed the same order as it is to this day, why the armes of Queen Elizabeth are nott expressed here after the same forme as shee did beare the same all her life: before any answere bee here vnto expressed, I thinke it is fitting, first to sett downe a reason, why the coat of France was sett downe in the first place. The right side of the sheild is the place of cheife preheminence, and honour, whatsoever is most worthy either for the cause of it selfe, or for the cause of another, that is to say, for the dignity of that which is thereby represented, challengeth the preheminence of place, butt the 3 flower de luces have been (ever since they were borne in any sheild) the armes of a kingdome, and were judged of the prince as most fitt to occupie the cheifest place of the sheild. Insignia ab antique fuerunt Ducatuum arma, Normaniae, scilicett et Aquita- niae. For the Duke of Normandy did beare in his PRANCE 191 targett, Gules 2 lions passant garclant or, which coat after the conquest was advanced as the ensigne of the king of England, and then by the marriage of Elianor daughter and heire to William Duke of Aquitaine, who bare in a sheild, gules a lion passant gardant or. The 3'* lion was added to the coat of England. Now why England is here preferred before Prance it is thus commonly answered. Albeit the civill law saith Quilibet a suo jure recedere potest, yett this bindeth not evermore to relinquish his owne right, the comely order of devine institution, and the settled course, and observation of all reverend antiquity is that the mas¬ culine as more worthy should proceed the feminine, and the husband should goe before the wife. If the wife hath so far disparaged her selfe, by matching with her too base inferiour, yett even nature teacheth that shee must bee content to bee subject to her husband as her head, and so hee must goe before her in place, and order. And albeit that sometimes upon some consideration of circumstances of time and occasion, men are often moved to relinquish their owne right, yett are they nott hereby ever bound to doe the same. Quae aliquando propter necessitatem introducta sunt non debent semper in Argumentu trahi, saith the civill law. Though the superior do invite his inferior to his house, and for kind- nesse and respects sake, desirous to give his guests good content doth vouchsafe to give him the upper hand at his table, yett it followeth nott butt that afterwards hee may assume his owne right, so in the latter and publick actions especially of eminent persons, which ought 192 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK alwayes to bee juditious, and accomplished, men do use their best right, truly expressing it at the full with all circumstances and due observation of former times. In the 2‘^ quarter on the left hand is the conquest of the Normans over the Saxon kings of this land compre¬ hended. Edivard the Confessor 1 azure a crosse patonce between 5 martletts or. The Brittaines having sett up Vortiger whose line continued vntill Oadwallader the last king of the Brit¬ taines, and being nott able to defend themselves against the Scotts and Piets which miserably wasted the country, they called in the Saxons for their ayde, who being a warlike nation, vnder Hengist and Horsus, two brethren enter the land, and noe soner entered, butt doe aspire to the crowne, and after sundry battles joyning with the Scotts and Piets, they doe make a full and absolute conquest of this land in the yeare of Christ 585, and so the Brittaines subdued. Then began the Heptarchy that the land was devided among the Saxons into seaven kingdomes. Whilest the Saxons fell into their devisions the Danes tooke occasion oftentimes to enter into this land, and when they had ruled here about 487 yeares, about the last yeare of Athelstane the king of the west Saxons, Swanus a Dane invadeth and conquereth the land anno dni 1012, hee was crowned king and raigned as his line continued to Cnute Harold and Hardy-Onute. Hardy-Onute the last Danish king being poysoned at a marriage feast at Lambeth 1042, after the Danes had VPPA KING OP THE EAST ANGLES 193 wasted and spoyled this land 250 yeares from their first yeare butt reigned as kings butt 28 yeares. S‘ Edward the Confessor expelled all the Danes and reduced the whole Hand into a Monarchy, this Edward the Con¬ fessor was King of the west Saxons, and the last king of the Saxon bloud that reigned in England, hee was lineally descended from Cerdicius a Saxon the first king of the west Saxons, hee bare azure a crosse patoncee or, vnto the which Edward the Confessor added the 5 martletts or, as without legges denoting thereby that hee was almost spoiled of his kingdomes by the Danes whom at the length hee totally subdued and expelled. Vffa king of the East Angles 2 Azure 3 crownes in triangle or. the armes of Vffa sometimes king of the east Angles whose kingdome was won by the west Saxons, and vnited to their dominion by S‘ Edward the Confessor. Swen the king of Sweden bare azure 3 crownes in triangle or. Edward king of the West Saxons 3 azure a crosse patee fitche or. This was the coat armer of Edward the first king of the West Saxons, hee was the son of Alfred king of the west Saxons, hee began his reign anno dni 901. hee vanquished the Danes Scotts, and Welchmen, hee won and joyned the king- domes of the east Angles, and Mercia to his owne dominions of the west Saxons. 2 B 194 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK King Edicard the Martyr of Shafteshut'y 4 Azure a crosse florited between 4 crownes or. This was the armes of king Edward the son of king Edgar, who about 975 was made king of England, butt this Edward, being vnlawfully begotten of a Nun, (for w'hich his father Edgar did 7 yeares penance) was by Queen Alfred, when hee had raigned 3 yeares most shamefully murdered, as hee was drinking on horse backe, being hott at the chace, to preferre hir owne son to the crowne. after his body had been buried 3 yeares at Warham, with many miracles att his Sepulture, and during his time there, his body was taken up, and with great reverence and solemnitye buried at Shaftesbury, from whence he was surnamed K: Edward the Martyr of Shaftesbury, this Edward was the king of the West Saxons, the son of Edgar K: of the West Saxons, the son of Eadred K: of the West Saxons, the son of Edmund the 1: k: of the west Saxons, the son of Edward the first K: of the West Saxons as is abovesaid. Over all this 2'’ quarter is an inescocheon. King of Noricay Gules a lion rampant or, holding in all his 4 pawes a crooked Danish halberde argent. The Danes had of long time spoyled and overcome this land. A tribute of Guilthdag was of long time paid to the Brittaines by the King of Denmarke, which now w’as extinguished. But Swanus king of Denmarke that was crowned absolute king of England, by the helpe O^SAR ROMANORUM 195 of the Englishmen sailed into Denmarke, and conquereth the Gothes, Vandals, and Swedes, hee was the mightiest prince that ever reigned over the English people, for hee was king of Denmarke, England, Norway, Scotland and Sweden. In the S'* quarter on the right hand is a single coat. Ccesar Romanorum Gules between two cottizes in bend argent 4 capitall attique letters or, as S: P: Q: R: which doe signifle Senatus populus que Romanus. Vpon the difference between Cassebelane king of Brittaine and Androgens, the Romaines take occasion to enter this land, Julius Caesar conquereth it, and maketh it tributary to the Romans, this was one of the armorial ensignes and standards vouchsafed them by the Romans, butt at length the Romane monarchy decaying, after the Romanes had bin Lords of this land 483 yeares, and neglecting the government, the Brit- taines did expell the Romanes, and so they sett up Vortiger for a British King. In the 4“* and last quarter of the sheild are foure coats quarterlye. Brutus 1: Gules a lyon passant gardant or. This was the coat armor of Brutus the son of Silvius Posthumius, who coming with the Trojans into this land, subdued and inhabited it, in the yeare of the world 2855, and 196 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK before Christ 1108 yeares, hee was the first king of the Brittaines, hee raigned here with his posterity 636 yeares, this coat of armes hee gave to Locrinus his eldest son, which coat Locrinus did beare, as all the kings succeeding him vntill Belinus. Belinus 2: azure 3 crownes in bend or. Belinus king of the Brittaines discended lineally from Locrinus bare azure 3 crownes in bend or, which coat hee tooke upon himselfe, and did beare for his notable victories, being thrice crowned in severall kingdomes, which coat was borne by the kings his successors vntill the time of Vter Pendragon. Stvanus 3: azure 3 crownes in pale or. These were the armes of the kings of the west Saxons whilest they were heathen, butt after that they were christened, they bare azure a crosse patonce or, but when the kingdome of the great Brittaines began to decline, and the Saxons fell at devision after they had subdued this land, and devided it into their Heptarchy, the Danes take occa¬ sion upon the devisions to enter into this land, and when the Saxons had ruled here about 487 yeares, about the last year of Athelstane King of the West Saxons, Swanus a Dane, king of Denmark invadeth and conquereth this land anno dni 1012, hee was crowned here king and reigned, and his line continued 250 yeares vntill Cnute, ST: GEORGE 197 Harold, and Hardy Onute the last Danish King died, and all the Danes were expelled by Edward the Con¬ fessor. This Swanns bare or: 3 crownes in pale or, as it was borne by all the Danish kings, whose dominions com¬ prehended Norwaye Swethden and Gothland. St: George 4: Argent a crosse Gules. Wlien Joseph of Arimathea, who buried the body of Christ came into Brittaine with Vespasian, in the time of Arveragus king of great Brittaine 53 yeares after Christ, hee converted many to the Christian religion, and baptised them hee christned Arveragus king of Great Brittaine, and gave him a sheild of silver, in token of cleannes, innocency and purity, and a crosse of gules in token and signification of the bloud of Christ shed upon the crosse, which armes were alwayes borne by the kings of this land, and by the name of St. Georges crosse, vnto whom they were dedicated, and who as patron of this land vsed the same. This Arviragus was father of Marius king of Great Brittaine father to Coellus king of Great Brittaine, who died without issue in the 12 yeare of whose raigne anno dni 177, the Brittaines forsaking there worshipping of idols, and false gods, by the meanes of Joseph of Arimathea and others whom Eleutherus Bishop of Rome sent hither were converted to Cliristian faith, received the Godspell, and were baptized. 198 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Ireland Azure a liarpe corded and garnished or. In the base point of the escocheon is the ancient coat armor of Ireland, azure a harpe corded and garnished or, which Realme and Island from all antiquity did belong to the Soveraignes of this land, and rebelling, it first suffered a conquest by Henry the 2'* king of this Hand, whose successors the soveraignes of this realme have ever since governed it, and as occasion hath served by royall force hath subdued it, with the rebels of the same, placing it among the chiefe flowers which doe adorne and bedecke the diadem of this English monarchy. Last of all and over all in the fesse point of the grand escocheon there is an inescocheon quartered, whose first and last quarter is argent 3 lyons passant gardant gules, the 2'^ and 3*^ quarter is quarterly gules, and or, 4 lions passant gardant counter changed. Rodericke the great Rodericke the great, or Rodrymawre prince of all Wales bare quarterly gules and or, 4 lyon passant, counterchanged, from whom discended Owen ap Griffith prince of South Wales, whose heire generall in fine was married to Llewelyn ap Griffith prince of all Wales, wffio bare also quarterly gules and or, 4 lyons passant gardant counterchanged, whose heire generall was married to S'' Tudyr ap Grono Knight the father of Meredyth ap Tudyr, the father of Owen ap Tudyr, the father of Edmund SCOTLAND 199 Earle of Richmond, the father of Henry the King of England. All within the garter the cheife ensigne of tliat most iionorable order, first instituted by the most famous king Edward the 3‘' aboue the same on an helmett Emperiall royally mantled vert and doubled ermyn, a crowne Emperiall surmounted by a lyon passant gardant crowned with the same, supported by a dragon gules, and a lyon rampant gardant or crowned as the former, both standing upon a labell with divers wreathes and folds inscribed thus, Elizabetha niagna Regina Anglise. There is further in this church the Royall armoriall ensignes of our most dread Soveraigne and mighty monarch James King &c: quarterly quartered as in the first France and England, the 2*’ quarter Scotland, the 3‘‘ Ireland, and the last as the first, in all which there is nothing vnusuall to bee observed, saving in the second quarter. Scotland Or within a double tressure counterflowred a lyon rampant gules. Albanactus the 3'* son of Brutus had by his father given him for his portion the northern part of this Hand called Scotland, with these armes, or a lion rampant gardant gules, which the kings of Scotland haue continued to this day, butt the addition of the floure de luces in a double tressure fell outt to bee upon this occasion. Oharlemaigne the 23'* king of France about the yeare of our Lord God 795, being much troubled with 200 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK the Saxons in his wars, which were crept into every country, and especially here in this land (begun then newly to bee called England) sent Ambassadours to Achaius then the 65: kings of Scots, to haue a league and alliance with him, to suppresse the Saxons in this land, that they might not bee so noysome to France: after many reasons, and long debating of both sides, the league was concluded to remaine for ever. The Articles were these. Imprimis—the injuries of the Englishmen or their wars against either France or Scotland, should bee revenged and withstood by both. If the frenchmen bee injured, or molested by the English men, the king of Scots shall furnish France with a pow'er of men at the charge of Prance. If the Scots bee invaded by the English, the Scots to bee aided and succored by the french at their charge. If any of the subjects of either of them thus confederated shall privyly give aide in armes, victuals, or advice to the Englishmen, against any of these confederated it shall be treason in the offender. It shall not bee lawfull to any of the parties confederated to make any peace or truce with the English, withoutt the consent of the other party. Here upon the Scots sent many souldiers to Oharlemaigne by whose helpe the English and Saxons were in every place putt to the overthrow. Les fldeles Escossois desquelles Oliarlemaigne se servit pour leur grand fidelitie qui estoit en eux, et en perpetualle memoire de ceste alliance, Achaius fitt mettre les fleurs de lys en double traitt. The faithfull Scots of whom Oharlemaigne made vse, and in perpetuall MEMORIALS IN THE OHANOEL 201 memory of this alliance, Acliaius caused the flower de luces to bee sett in a double tressure about the lyon, which is so vsed to this day. This fell outt to bee when as Egbert the 17 king of the west Saxons reigned, anno dni 795. Signum representat rem signatam. This sheweth that the Scottish lion depended wholly upon the defence of the french lillies, the Scott being at that time butt a meane prince, thought it noe embusing of his kingly estate, to confesse and that in open armes, that hee should bee defended from henceforth by the aide of the french king. There bee furthermore other memorials in the Chancel of this church, which I cannot omitt as the epitaph of Queen Elizabeth, her motto Semper eadem, reduced into a regular embleme, and certaine verses of thankesgiving for the two famous deliverances of this land from the invincible armado 1588 and from the powder treason. Glory for ever bee vnto the Lord. Deo Bis vltori Sacrum. Ad Memoi’iam Classis Hispaniae Anno Dhi 1588. Submersae Subversse. Vidimus (hevi trepidi cum vidimus) equora Ibera Classe tegi: centum, et senas quater ilia vehebat Non vincenda rates, veteres, ingentia nautae Obstupuere ratum nova coi’pora viderat illas. 2 C 202 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Estqj suas miratus opes Neptunus, et in se Advenisse omnes ridet Telluris honores. Nos verb horruimus toti tot tympana crebrse Clangoremqj tubae, strictos super omnia cultros Flagrorumqj minas; quae barbarus omnia Iberus, Gentis in exitium quaesiverat arma Britannae, Nos lacerae viduaeqj rati spes credimus. Ilia Sulphure, et igne gravis, ventis (spoliata magistro) Traditur, et votis exit crudelibus : Hosti Mista, suis pereat flammis, sed perdat et hostem Ventis vecta suis perit haec, sed perdit et hostem Vidimus hie laeti velis albentia primb ^quora, nunc sanie, et tabo pallentia Ibero. Excutitur cursu Classis, pars aequore mersa est, In medijs pars ardet aquis, pars flumine caeco Errat, et ignotis vix tandem allabitur oris. Ritb Deo Saxumqj datum nomenqj Bisvltor Vicerat bine hostes luserat inde dolos Perditione prius, nunc proditione petebant Prodita perditio est: perdita proditio. Semper Eadem. Still alwayes one, though Spayne and Hell did blowe, Though Laiola’s brood, and Rome their might did showe. With restlesse surge hir rocke to vndermine, Yett clouds above and beames of grace devine. Have kept hir rocke, and crowne that is on high. Still alwayes one, that shee in truth might dye. EPITAPH OP QUEEN ELIZABETH 203 AD Memoriam proditionis pulverarise anno 1605. Indicatae vindicatae. Vidimus (6 laeti cum vidimus) eruta caeco, Roma tui sceleris quanta, quot arma specu! Ferrum, saxa, faces, et doli sulphure faeta, (Scilicet his Meretrix vina dat hausta cadis) Hac latuere diu magni sub fornice Tecti, Jussa manere manum Pause sceleste tuam, Legibus ilia olim penetralia sacra ferendis. (Proh pudor !) horrendum pene tul^re scelus, Rex, princeps, proceres patres, flos plebis et vno Ictu corruerent, ipsaq, Religio, Admotura sacras aderat manus vltima flammas. Prodit disperdit, vindicat ista Deus. Nil Erebum pudeat scelerum: scelus hoc dabit vnum. Infandosq, homines, Eumenidasqj pias En Erebo accessitt sceleris nova forma, paremq, Huic Erebum sceleri postulat ilia novum. Par sceleri dabitur pretiuin ? Modus vnus vtriqj Nullus erit poenee: nullus erat sceleri. Par merito laus danda Deo ? Modus vnus vtriqj Nullus erit laudi: nullus erat merito. Memoriae Sacrum. Religione, ad primaevam sinceritatem restaurata. Pace fun- data. Moneta ad suum valorem reducta. Rebellione domestica vindicata. Classe insti'uctissima apparata. Gloria navali resti- 204 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK tuta. Scotia a Gallis liberata. Gallia malis intestinis praecipiti sublevata. Belgica sustentata. Hispanica classe profligata. Hibernia pulsis Hispanis, et rebellibus ad deditionem coactis, pacata. Redditibus vtriusqj Accademiae lege annonaria pluri- mum adauctis. Tota deniq, Anglia ditata, prudentissirneq^ annos xlv administratae. Orbec^ terrarum semel atqj iterum circumnavigato Elizabetha ter maxima Angliae Franciae et Hiberniae Regina, victrix triumpbatrix. Pietati, et bonis artibus dedita, plurimarum linguarum peritia imbuta. Preclaris deniq, turn animi turn corporis dotibus, Regijsqj virtutibus supra sexum dotata. Pia et placida morte maximo subditorum desi- derio et dolore animam Christo reddidit die 24° Martij Anno salutis 1602: Regni 45 -^tatis Lxx. Heu quantulum tantae Heroinae monumentum. Thus far outt of the monuments of the church of Preston. The next church that I would now peruse, and where I find some store of monuments is at Buers S*' Maryes, where for that they doe concerne the ancient family of the Waldegraves, now within these thirty yeares since I first knew them much decayed and worne outt, I will by deducing that Geneologie by my owne collections perfect each thing what I can by the notes there still remaining. And because I find that by successive tradi¬ tion from some of the best vnderstanding of that family, it is constantly, and probably delivered, that at the conquest time in the battayle of Hastings, Waldegrave of Waldegrave in Northamptonshire bearing armes against William the Conqueror, upon condition that Waldegrave of England should marry his daughter and heire, vnto WALDEGRAVE GENEOLOGIE 205 Waldegrave of Normandy, who came in with the Con¬ queror, and bare the same coat of armes which Walde¬ grave of England did beare: viz*’ Parted per pale Argent and gules, hee should haue his pardon, which was granted vnto him by the Conqueror, as appeareth by the said pardon in french yett extant, and remaining in the pos¬ session of the Lord of the Manners of Waldegrave, Slypton, and Byton in Northamptonshire among the writings of those Manners, with the seal of the same armes still whole fixed, which Manners were sold to one M*' Lane by S’" W“ Waldegrave K* about the latter end of Hen: 8: since which time such hath been the slack¬ ness of this family that neither at the sale did they reserve, or since haue made meanes to recover butt the coppy of so worthy a memoriall. For the first 4 matches of Waldegrave with Ryston, Hastings, Nevill, and Daubney, because I could never see any warrant nor mention of them by any empale in Buers Church, or any where else, save onely in the new gallery at Smalbridge, lately built about some 40 yeares agoe, where the matches are onely placed, which I suppose were taken outt of the discent framed at the first by some one who wanting directions for the originallities, to putt on more beauty for the entrance of this discent, added these names for matches, eminent in those times. Howbeit it may bee these matches were whilest the family was seated in Northamptonshire, which I cannot yet hardly beleive, because at this day in the said 3 townes of Waldegrave, Slypton and Byton or in their churches, there is not the least trace, marke 206 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK memorye by any escocheon or otherwise of any Walde- grave whatsoever. For the first Richard Waldegrave k* buried at Buers, whose epitaph I found at the first worne outt, and imperfect, as here you may see, I can hardly bee per- swaded, vntill I see good evidence for it that hee ever matched with Daubney, because in the epitaph his wives name is Johanne, and I found uppon the stone remaining one escocheon of Waldegrave plaine withoutt any difference empaling another coat, as, or three bars gules. Besides it cannott bee but this first S'" Richard Waldegrave k‘ had another wife before or after, who was the widow of Robert Buers, and her name was Johanne the daughter of John Sutton k* and did beare, or 3 chevrons sable. So I deeme this S*’ Rich: Waldegrave was the first of that name that came into Suffolk, and that by the marriage of Buers widow. Because I find nott before that time any here of that name mentioned, either in history or others discent, or in any records of knights fees, aydes or tenures. Butt at this time Smalbridge and Buers were belonging to the Sylvesters, with whom in the next degree S’^ Richard Waldegrave the son matched, at or about which time the manner of Sylvesters in Buers and Smalbridge came into the family of the Waldegraves by purchase, and not by marriage of any heir, and this I haue heard probably and certainly reported. At the marriage of the Isabell (sister to King Hen: 3*^) vnto Frederick the 2‘* Emperour an ayde was granted WALDEGRAVE GENEOLOGIE 207 about anno 1235 where I find thus, Heredes Richi de Waldegrave, Walter! de Barningham, Katherinse le Wake, Johnes de Thorpland, et atij tenen? in East Bar- sham tenen? media? j feed militis de OoS WarrenS et idem Comes de Rege in eapite. Againe about the 20: of Hen: 3^* 1235, I find that one Richard Waldegrave with others paid the halfe of a knights fee for lands in Norfolke as an ayde towards the marriage of the Lady Isabell vt supra. Wliich proves the Waldegraves were here in Norfolk and Suffolk 165 yeares before the match with Sylvester. In Hillary terme 40 Ed: 3** 1365, I find thus Richardus de Waldegrave miles et Johanna vxo ejus quse fuit vxo Robti de Buers tenen? mannerium de Wickham brooke de rege in eapite vt de honore de Montegomeri p servitiu vnius feod militis. In Buers discent I find thus, Robert de Buers the son and heire of S*' Andrew Buers K*" (who married Alyce the daughter of S’^ Nicholas Poynings k* Barry of 6: or and vert a bend gules. Who was after married to S’’ John Sutton k* or 3 chevrons sable) married Johanne Sutton or 3 chevrons sable, renupta Richardo Waldegrave militi per pale argent, and gules. . . . et Dnse Johannse vxoris ejus qui quidem Richardus obijt prime die mensis Junij anno . . . et . . . obijt . . . die mensis Maij Anno Dni Millesimo. Vnder this epitaph in Buers church thus defective were the Armes of Waldegrave empaling this coat. Or, 3 bars gules. Hie Jacet Richardus Waldegrave miles qui obijt Anno 208 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Dni 1400 et Johanna vxor ejus quae obijt 10 dje mensis Junij anno dni 1406 quoru animabus ppitietur deus. Amen. Qui pro alijs oral pro se laborat. The world the maze. Hee built the chappell on the north side of the church of Buers, where hee lyeth buried, hee built the vestry and the greatest part of the Steeple. Hie Jacet Richardus Waldegrave miles qui obijt 2: die Maij Anno Dni 1434 et Johanna vxor ejus Alia Thomae de Montecaniso militis, quae obijt in Festo sti Dionisij Anno Dni 1450, quoru ambus propitietur Deus. Amen. Hie Jaeet Thomas Waldegrave miles et Elizabetha vxor ejus 1* Alia et vna heredio Johis Fray militis nuper eapitalis Barronis Scci Dni Regis qui quidem Thomas obijt 28 die mensis . . . Anno Dni 1500, quorum ambus propitietur deus. Amen. The names and coats of armes as Weddegrave hath matched into their familyes Waldegrave . Risbon . . Hastings . . Nevill . , . Daubney . . Sylvester Mountehaney Parted per pale argent and gules em- empaled. Sable, 3 mulletts in bend between 2 cottizes engrailed argent. Or, a manche Gules, an ermyn for diAerence. Gules a saltier ermyn. Gules 4 fucills in fesse argent. Ermyn upon a chevron sable 3 crosses engrayled or. 12 closetts argent and azure. WALDEGRAVE ARMES 209 Dureward . Fraye . . . Wentworth . Mannock. . Drurye . . Reynsfortli . Myldemaye . Pagett . . Jermyn . . Bacon. . . Cressener Chayney . . . Ermyn 3 cressants or upon a chevron sable. . Ermyn a fesse sable between 3 figgs frayes gules. . Sable a chevron between 3 leopards faces or, a rose or upon the chevron for difference. . Sable a crosse florited argent. . Argent upon a cheife vert a Tan be¬ tween 2 mulletts or peirced gules. . Gules a chevron engrayled argent be¬ tween 3 flower de luces of the same. . per fesse nubulee argent and sable 3 grey hounds heads coupee counter changed collored gules garnished or. . Sable upon a crosse engrailed or 5 lyons passant sable, between 4 Eagles dis¬ played argent. . Sable a cressant between 2 mulletts in pale argent. . Gules on a cheife argent 2 mulletts sable peirced or. . Argent on a bend engrailed Sable 3 trefoiles slipped or. . Gules 4 fucills in fesse argent charged with as many escallops sable, a mullett argent for difference. 210 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Such families as em^oaled Waldegrave Fabyan . . Mannock. . Spring. . . Lord Marney Lord St. John Buers . . . Heigham. , Harris. . . Wyseman Cooke . . . Clopton . . Gray . . . Goorden . . Ermyn 3 flower de luces, all in a bor- dure ingrailed gules. Argent a chev¬ ron between 3 crosses formee fitched sable. In Wormingford church. Sable a crosse florited Argent. Argent 3 cinque foiles or upon a chev¬ ron between 3 mascles gules. Gules a lyou rampant gardant argent. Argent upon a cheife gules 2 mulletts or. Ermyn on a cheife indented sable 2 lyons rampant or. Sable a fesse componee or and azure between 3 horses heads erased argent. Or three cinque foiles of the same peirced upon a bend azure. Sable a chevron ermyn, between 3 corronetts of tylting staves argent. Or a chevron chequee gules and azure between 3 cinque foiles azure. Sable a bend argent between 2 cottizes dauncettee or. Barry of 6 argent and azure over all a bend gules, of Burnt Pelham. Sable 3 leopards heads florited or. I confesse I have seen this discent following which SUCH FAMILIES AS EMPALED WALDEGRAVB 211 I dare nott exiiresse it for truth, although some of the family doe much doate in it. And so forward as is found in the former discent. For confirmation of the 2^ match with Touny it is said that Raphe Touny Earle of Hampsted in the time of King Will: Rufus, who bare argent a manch gules, had one Rafe Touny whose heire generall was married to S’^ Waren of Waldegrave k‘ by which marriage the family of the Waldegraves had the Manner of Touny in Buers S*' Maries now called Tawny Parke which they haue at this day. For the match with Lord Bruse and Lord Borough they alledge their armes in Buers church, butt if it were so this were nott enough. For the match with the daughter and heire of Lindsey, who bare gules, 6 eaglets or, they alledge Waldegrave by this marriage had the manner of Lindsey which they sold, butt to this it is much marvelled that before the Match with Raynsforth who in the 2'' quarter brought in this coat, in 14 discents it could never bee seen in any empale match or quarter. For the Match of Oressener it was nott before Sylvester, but S‘’ Richard Waldegrave that married the daughter and heire of Montchansie for his first wife, married the daughter of Oressener for his 2'* wife, and by this Oressener whose ancestor had married the daughter and heire of Ferrers, came the Manner of Ferrors in Buers vnto the Waldegraves, which is confirmed nott onely by evidences butt even by the escocheons in the church. For the match witli Sylvester they alledge that Symon 212 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Sylvester a Saxon Earle of Leicester in tlie time of the conquest, who bare parted per pale indented argent and gules, died without issue leaving a brother of whom S* Symon Sylvester is discended who left his daughter and heire named Johanne married to S"^ Richard Walde- grave in whose right liee had the Planner of Sylvesters in Buers, which if it were true, why did they never quarter the coat before this day, and why is there no evidence to confirme this, and how cometh it to passe that this last Sylvester had another coat differing from the first. So they haue no warrant for 2 coats by the name of Mountchancye, much lesse to take Lindsey’s coat out of Reynsforth’s quarter and to place it where they doe. Neither is there any warrant to Quarter Danvers coat, albeit Fraye matched with the daughter of Danvers. Waldegrave Waldegrave Tounye Lindsey 1. Per pale argent and Gules. 2. Per pale argent and Gules. 3. Argent a manch gules. 4. Gules 6 eagletts displayed or. Sylvester . . Sylvester . . Montechancy Montechancy 5. Per pale indented argent and gules. G. Ermyn upon a chevron sable 3 crosses engrailed or. 7. Or 3 escocheons varry upon 2 barrs gules. 8. 12 closetts argent and azure. Vauncy 9. Or a fesse varry argent and azure. MELFORD CHURCH. CLOPTON MATCHES 213 Creake Moyne Fraye . 10. Gules, an eagle displayed ermyn. 11. Argent 2 bars and 3 mulletts in clieife sable. 12. Argent a fesse sable between 3 figge frayes gules masoned or. Danvers . . Reynsfortli . Welnetham . 13. Argent 3 martletts or upon a bend gules. 14. Gules a chevron engrailed between 3 flower de luces argent. 15. Or a fesse azure charged with 3 plates. 16. Gules a crosse floured argent. Butt the true escocheon of the Waldegraves is—1. Waldegrave. 2. Montchancy. 3. Creake. 4. Vauncy. 5. Moyne. 6. Fraye. 7. Raynsforth. 8. Lyudsey. 9. Welnetham. 10. as the 16 coat. Melford Clnircli. Clopton Matches Thus far Buers church and by reason of the same from other places. I will nowe goe to the Church of Long Melford, where there be good store of monuments fitt to occupy one of both Judgement and vnderstanding. ^ The first worthy of observation is this which I find that, in fenestra prope campanile in Summitate ecclesiee is this written. Orate pro anima honorabilis principissse Dam Alicise Ducisse Suffolciae. There were these armes ’ See Weavers Fun: monuments fol: C59 and 747. 214 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Delapole azure a fesse between 3 leopards faces or, which empaled Prance and England, which was the daughter of Richard Plantagenett Duke of Yorke sister to King Ed: 4, and to Rich: 3'’.^ There is also a costly tombe of S'" Will: Cordall k* master of the Rolls, who bare Gules a chevron ermyn between 3 griflBns heads erased argent. The rest of the church is fuimished and occupied wdth the armes, matches, monuments, epitaphes, and grave¬ stones of the Ancient family of the Oloptons, though with the weather and time much defaced, and worne outt, of all which I will sett down what I have observed here, as also of some monuments in other places, which may give light to the discent of this family. The names of such families as Clopton hath matched udthall Clopton .... Sable a bend argent between 2 cottizes or. Wockington . . . Azure a fesse between 6 lions ram¬ pant or. Tendering . . . Azure a fesse between 2 chevrons argent. argent on a crosse 5 escallops or. 1 Qu; Whether Alice or Elizabeth. Mills catalogue of Honour fol: 351 and 539 calls her Elizabeth. She bare France and England q''terly on a label ar: 9 torteuxes, she was wife of John De la Pole Duke of Suffolk who died Anno 1491. OLOPTON FAMILIES 215 Gray of Bokenham Juett . Cockrell . . . . Trussell . . . . ^ Pigott . . . . Mylde. Drurye . . . . Frauncis . . . . Darcy. Marrowe . . . . Lunsford . . . . Azure a fesse between 2 chevrons or a labell of 3 points gules. Argent on a crosse gules 5 flower de luces or. Ermyn on a fesse azure 3 lions rampant or. Argent a frett gules, bezanted upon every knott. ^ azure a bend between 6 crosse crosletts fitched argent. Gules 3 picke axes argent in some places or. Argent a lyon rampant sable under a fesse cheeky or and blew. Argent on a cheife vert a letter Tau: between 2 mulletts or peirced gules. Gules a saltire between 4 crosses pattee or. Argent 3 cinque foiles gules. Azure a fesse engrailed between 3 maides heads coupee, the faces proper, the heads garnished or. Azure a chevron between 3 boares heads coupee or. * I suppose that coat to bee the Howards coat, and azure sett for gules by a mistake. 2 Richard Pigott was made sergeant at law in 4 Ed: 4 Michaelmas term Anno 1464. See Baker’s Chronicle fol: 219. 216 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Knevett . . . . Argent a bend sable a bordure engrailed of the same. Royden . . . . Cheeky argent and gules a crosse azure, aliter a bend azure. Jermyn . . . . Sable a cressant in pale between 2 mulletts argent. Peryent . . , . Gules 3 cressants or. Barley . . . . . Ermyn 2 bars nubulee sable. Crane . . . . . Argent a fesse between 3 crosse crosletts fitched gules. Elmes . . . . . Ermyn 2 barrs sable on each 5 elme leaves transposed or. Wanton . . . . Argent on a chevron sable a crosse argent.^ Cressnor . . . . Argent on a bend engrailed sable 3 crosse crosletts fltched or. Tyrrell . . . . Argent 2 chevrons azure within a bordure engrailed gules. Saye . . . . . Parted per pale azure and gules a chevron argent voided and coun- terchanged of the feild. Everarcle . . . . Gules a fesse nubulee between 3 stars of 6 points argent. Bleverhassett . . Gules a chevron ermyn entre 3 dolphins hanriant argent. Bozum . . . . Argents 3 burbolts in pale gules. Plater . . . . . Argent 3 bends wavee azure. Wentworth . . . Sable a chevron between 3 leopards faces or. 1 See Morgan’s Sphere of Gent, lib; 2^ fol; 51. FAMILIES MATCHED WITH OLOPTONS 217 Walsingham . . . Pally of 6 argent and sable a fesse gnles. Brookesby . . . Barry of 6 nubulee argent and Sable a canton gules. Peacocke . . . . Gules on a fesse argent 3 lozenges sable between 3 plates, every plate charged with a peacockes head erased azure. Dives . . . . . Gules a fesse dauncette or between Downes . , . Barnardiston 3 cressants ermyn. . Argent 3 pales vndee gules. . Azure a fesse dauncette ermyn between G crosse crosletts litched Waldegrave . . argent. . Per pale argent and gules. The navies and arvies of such families as have matched icith the family of the Cloptons Haunfeild ... Or a chevron sable. Gerberge . . . Geynye . . . . Sable a fesse between 2 chevrons or. . Azure an escocheon within an orle of eight martletts or. Tendring . . . . Argent a fesse between 2 chevrons azure. Cockerell . . . Bardewell . . . Vt antea, Drurye vt antea. . Gules a goat saliant in pale argent attired or. Erpingam . . . Vert an inescocheon within an orle of martletts argent. 2 E 218 BKEVIARY OF SUFFOLK Beauchamp . . Walcott . . . Broughton . . Jerningham . . Harleston . . Bendish . . . Badwel . . . Frewkesmere Cavendish . . Gedney . . • Lewes . . . . Rookewood . . Skergell . . . Gates . . . . Josceline . . . Pooley . . . . . Gules on a fesse between 6 martletts or a mullett sable. . Azure an inescocheon and an orle of martletts argent. . Argent a chevron between 3 mulletts gules. . Argent 3 buckles lozengee gules 2 . 1 . . Argent a fesse sable voyded ermyn. . Argent a chevron sable 3 rams heads azure. . Sable a chevron between 3 mulletts or. . Sable a griffin segreant between 3 crosse crosletts fltched argent. , Sable 3 buckes heads crossed argent attired or. . Argent on a fesse azure between 3 leopards faces gules 3 eagletts displayed or. . Sable a chevron between 3 trefoiles slipped argent. . Argent 6 chesse rookes sable. . Ermyn a Saltire gules. Skergell. . Per pale gules and azure 3 lions rampant gardant or. . Azure on a round wreath argent and sable 4 haukes bells or in quadrangle. . Or a lyon rampant Sable. FAMILIES MATCHED WITH OLOPTONS 219 Hobert. . Smyth . . Oorclall Aldliam . Vavasor . Appleyard Byshop . Ashfeild . Brewster White . . Staflorde Olaxton . Marten . Cleve . . Smyth. . Reeve . . Sable 2 flaunehes ermyne over all a comett of 7 points or. Argent a chevron gules between 3 Crosse crosletts sable. Gules a chevron ermyn between 3 griffins heads erased argent. Or 2 flaunehes sable 2 hounds in pale passant sable. Or a fesse dauncettee sable. Azure a chevron or between 3 owles argent. Argent on a bend between 2 cottizes gules 3 bezants. Sable a fesse engrailed between 3 flower de luces argent. Sable a chevron between 3 estoiles argent. Gules a chevron between 3 boares heads coupee argent. Or a chevron Gules, a canton ermyn. Gules a fesse between 3 hedge hogges argent. Argent a chevron between 3 mascles sable a bordure engrailed or. Argent 3 mulletts or upon a fesse sable, between 3 wolves heads erased sable. Ermyn 3 torteaux. Argent on a fesse engrailed sable between 3 escallops azure 3 eagles displayed or. 220 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Strangeman. . Per bend argent and sable a staffe ragulee counterchanged. Tyndall . . . Argent a fesse dauncette gules 2 cressents in cheife of the same. Wright . . . Argent on a chevron azure between 3 grey hounds currant sable 3 trefoiles argent.^ Tliwaytes . Argent on a fesse sable 3 bezants between 3 flower de luces gules. Vaughan . . . Gules 3 bezants 2.1. on each a lions head erased azure on a cheife argent 2 halberds p saltire sable blades azure betw: 4 pellets sable. Baynarde . Sable a fesse between 2 chevrons or. Fitz Langley . Argent a fesse between 6 oaken leaves gules. W“ Cloptou . . Or, on a bend azure 3 crosses buttonee or. Here I might take good occasion to sett downe the discent of the ancient family of theCloptons. Butt well knowing that as yett it can noe where bee found perfect, and the best coi^pies are herein very defective lest I should comitt an error I had rather bee silent. Dewes. . . . Or, a fesse vaire betweene 3 eater- foils gules, aliter or, 3 caterfoils gules. 1 Another author has the feild or—sed quere. WINGEFIELD GENEOLOGIE 221 John Reve alias Melford the last Abbott of Bury St. Edmunds (with the consent of the covent vnder the seal of the said Monastry) did amongst other things in the Chancery yeild up the mannour of Melford alias Long Melford and tlie hundred of Baberge in the County of Suffolk with all their appurtenances &c: to King Henry on the 4*^^^ of November in the 31 year of the said King. The said Mannour continued in the Crown till the 1: year of Queen Mary when the said Queen viz: the 12**^ of Janu: in the first year of her raigne by her letters pattents dated at Westminster did settle her Mannour of Melford alias Long Melford with the appur¬ tenances on William Cordell, Esq’^ Solicitor general to her then majesty, and to his heires and assignes for ever, to hold of the said Queen and her successors as of her Mannour of East Greenwich in Kent &c. Wingefield Geneologie The next churches which I will peruse are the churches of Wingefeild, Dynnyngton and Letheringham, for these doe principally containe the memorials of the most ancient family of the Wyngefeilds. I will thereon sett downe myne observations. Gules a paire of winges argent the first coat of the Wingefeilds in Wingefeild Church. The families and coats of Amies of such as Wingfeild hath empaled and matched xcithall Fastolphe . . Quarterly or and azure upon a bend gules 3 escallops argent. 222 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Peacliye . . . Honypott . . Glanvill . . . Bovylle . . . Hastings , . . Russell . . . Gawlshall . . Fitzlewes . . Lord Awdeley . Veare.... Wentworth . . Hardewicke. . Bleverhassett . Gerard . . . Byrde . . . . Cecill . . . . Doreward Rivers Waldegrave Argent a fesse between 2 chevrons gules. Argent 10 torteaux 4.3.2.1. Argent a cheife Indented azure. Quarterly or and sable. Or a manch Gules. Argent a clievron between 3 crosse crosletts fitched gules. Barruly of 6 or and azure a canton ermyn. Argent a chevron between 3 trefoiles sable. Ermyn a chevron Gules. Quarterly gules and or in the first a mullet argent. Sable a chevron between 3 leopards heads or. Argent on a saltire engrailed azure 4 roses of the first. vt prius. Azure a lyon ermyn crowned or. Argent a crosse florited between 4 martletts gules. Barrulee of ten argent and azure upon 6 escocheons sable 6 lyons rampant argent. Ermyn on a chevron sable 3 cressants or. Argent a fesse and canton gules. Per pale argent and gules. FAMILIES MATCHED WITH WINGPEILD 223 Harling . , . Brewse . . . Drewrye . . . Knollys . . . Denney . . . Harrington . . Bacon . . . . L: Willoughby . Risby . . . . Argent a vnicorne rampant sable. Argent a lyon rampant gules crowned or queue furche crucyle of the 2'. Argent upon a chiefe vert 2 mulletts or pierced gules. Azure a crosse sarcele voyded p tout between 12 crosse croslets or. Gules, a saltire argent semy de crosses formee or. Sable a frett argent. Argent on a fesse engrailed gules 3 mullets or peirced sable between 3 escocheons gules. or a frett azure. Gules on a bend argent 3 crosses patee sable. The families and coats of Armes of such as have empaled and matched with Wingfeild Delapoole Lord Hoo Lord Bonvylle Brandon . . Framlingham Azure a fesse between 3 leopards heads or. Quarterly argent and sable. Sable 6 mulletts argent peirced gules, 3.2.1. Barry of ten argent and gules over all a lyon rampant or. Argent a fesse gules between 3 cornish choughs sable leggs and beakes gules. 224 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Hall . . . . Ermyn on 5 barruletts gules 3 esco- cheons or. Brewse . , . vt prius. Echingliam . . Azure a frett argent a bordure indented or. . Azure 3 chevrons argent. Lewkeuer Noone . . . . Or a crosse ingrayled vert. Sackford . . . Ermyn upon a fesse gules 3 escallops argent. Naunton . . . Sable 3 martletts argent, 2.1. Rush . . . . Gules upon a fesse between 3 colts currant argent 3 hurts azure. Soane . . . , Per pale or and vert uppon a fesse counterchanged 2 cressants or and vert between 4 others counter¬ colored. Barrow . . . Sable 2 swords per Saltire argent between 4 flower de luces or. Warner . . . Quarterly in the 1 p pale indented argent and sable in the 2'^ 3*^ azure a flower de luce or the 4: as the 1: Spencer . . , Quarterly argent and gules in the 2** quarter a frett or over all on a bend sable 3 mulletts argent all in a bordure gules and argent counter- changed. Gilbert . . . Argent uppon a chevron sable between 3 leopards heads azure 3 roses of the feild. NAUNTON’S GENEOLOGIE 225 Huggen ^ . , . . or, on a fesse between 3 crosse croslets sable, as many escallop shells of the first. Namitons Geneologie Aagaine because there is in the Church of Lethering- ham some other monuments of the family of theNauntons sometimes there seated and resident, I thought it well fitting to conclude this labour with the discent of that family so much as at this day can bee gotten. * This was miswritten Hogon in fol: 70. 226 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK S'’ HENRY DE NAUNTON K* a man of great possessions, = a as in Roger Austens records, in the time of King Hen: 3: and Edw: 1: Hugh de Naimton Esq: in the time = Eleanor daughter of Robert de Veare of Edw: 2: I Earle of Oxford. S' Thomas Naunton K*^ of = Margery da: and Cavente in Rulfam 3: I heireof S'John son. ! Aspall K*. S' Bartholomew Naimton K' of = Naunton hall in Rendlesham 2: son. Alargery Naunton sole da: = S' Roger Drury K'. and heire 10: Rich: 2:. She brought unto her husband Cavente in Rougham. Margarett Naunton da: and sole heire = S' Robert Fitzrafe K*. Robert Naunton 2“* John son died Christopher 4: son Dorothy 1: da: died Margary 2“* da: mar: son died without young. died young. unmarried. to Will: WaUer of issue. Ramsholte in Suff: Anthony Naun¬ Charles Tristram John William Henry Johanne ton 1: son 2** son 3** son 5: son 6: son 7: son 1: da: died young. died young. died young. died young. died young. died young. died young. Elizabeth died young. Cecylia. William 3: son. Anthony 2: son died young. e NAUNTON’S GENEOLOGIE 227 a EMME the daughter of Tay. Joaue da: of John Argentine or of Darcy of Danbury or of both. Hugo de Naunton the younger Eleanor da: and heire of S''Will: in the time of Ed: 2: and Ed: 3. heemar. to his 2'* wife Catharine da: of Howard. Bovyll K‘ of Letheringham 1: wife. John de Naunton 2'' son hee died lieutenant marshall of Ireland vnder the Lord Morley. 1: Rich: 2'' to whom his father gave the Mannour of Layer del Hay in Com: Essex, and a Knights fee, with the ad- vowson of the Church of Stratford in Suff: 44: Ed: 3: Agnes the dan: of Baude. afterwards marr: to Robert Tay. Peter de Naunton 1: = Margarett da: of .John son. in the time of Rich: 2'' and Ed: 3. Barney of Gunton. 11: Hen: 4: Edward de Naunton who inherited the said lands in Essex and Suffolk. Peter de Naunton Hen: 5: 1418. Margarett Doyley aunt to S'' Henry Doyley. Robert de Naunton Esq: = in time of Hen: 6: and Ed: 4: . . the dau: of Tymperley. Will: de Naunton 2'^ son. obijt, sine prole: Bridget! Naunton mar: 1. S" James Hobart, K*’ At¬ torney to King Hen: 7: 2. John Doreward Esq: ■| Margery da: and heire of = Thomas de Naunton Esq: lived = Emma daughter of S' Thomas Roger Brusyard Esq: in the time of Ed: 5: Rich: 3'': Tay Knight, and Hen: 7: 1498. Bridget! 3‘‘ da: mar: to Thomas Almott of Creting, Esq: Katherine 4: da: mar: to Blackburn Gent: Will: de Naunton Esq: hee = Elizabeth 1: dau: to S' lived in the times of Hen: 8: and Ed: G: 1540. Anthony Wingfeild Knight of the Garter. Anne 2^ da: mar: to Ralfe Hayman. Ursula 3: da: mar: to Robert Gosnold Esq. Elizabeth da: and = Henry Naunton Esq: 4: son. = Bridget! da: heire of Everard Asheby Esq'. lived in the time of Queen Mary and Elizabeth 1562. of Pallgrave Esq. S' Robert de Naunton k‘ 2: son, orator of the Vniversity of Cam¬ bridge and Master of the requests to King James and afterwards Secrctarj’ of State to the said King. I Anne mar: to Rich: Jeffery gent. Elizabeth unmarried. 228 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Here lyeth Henry Naunton Esq’’® lately patrone of this Church, and Tristram Naunton both sons of William Naunton Esq’’ and of Elizabeth his wife, and Elizabeth wife to the said Henry Daughter of Everard Ashely Esq*", and Elizabeth daughter to the said Henry and Elizabeth. Patruus ignotus, Genetrix vix nota, sororcjj Occumbunt, sequeris tu mihi sancte pater : Chara domus, terras fugitis neqj sic fugitis me: Vos sequar in caelos : queis sine, terra gravis. Patri, patruo, matri, Sororculseq, charissimis Flevi Robertus Naunton Anno Dili 1600. These epitaphes bee in Letheringliam Ohurch. FINIS. NOTES PREFACE TO THE NOTES The Manuscript of which a copy is printed in the foregoing pages, is numbered 3873 in the Harleian Collection in the Bi’itish Museum, where also are to be found two modern versions of the Breviary by Jermyn and Davy (Additional mss. 8200, 1915, 5829). But as these versions are not altogether trustworthy, I have thought it best to reproduce the text of the original seventeenth century Manuscript, adhering as closely as possible to Reyce’s spelling, punctuation, and syntax, notwithstanding that these are somewhat independent of strict rule. The orthographical and other vagaries of the author are seldom such as to obscure his meaning, while, on the other hand, they may serve to im¬ part in perusal a not unpleasing sense of quaintness redolent of his time and his surroundings. My thanks are due to Mrs. Salmon, of 56 Bloomsbury Street, W.C,, for the care which she has taken in transcribing the text, and for the assistance which she has given me in revising the proofs. NOTES Dedication, page 1. Sir Robert Crane, of Chilton, to whom the Breviary is dedicated, came of a knightly family long established in Norfolk and Suffolk. He gained a Baronetcy in 1626, and was High Sheriff of Suffolk in 1632. He was frequently returned as Member of Parliament, once for Bury St. Edmunds at the first election of members for that borough in 1614, and at other times either for the borough of Sudbury or for the county of Suffolk. Sir Robert was twice married, but died without male issue in 1642 at the age of fifty-five. By the marriage of his widow to Isaac Appleton, of Waldingfield, the Cranes were brought into connection with the family of Reyce. Mr. Hollingsworth, eager for the fame of Stowmarket, in his history of that place attempts to connect Sir Robert Crane with Chilton, a hamlet of Stowmarket, but the Chilton which was the family seat of the Cranes is near Sudbury. (See Page’s History of Suffolk.) Sir Robert Crane was a ‘ Pariiament man,’ as he saj's of himself, in referring to the danger which he had gallantly incurred in forwarding the Countess of Rivers, a Royalist dame, safely on her journeys at the outbreak of those hostilities between the King and his subjects, of which Sir Robert lived to see only the commencement. Isaac Apple- ton is on the list of the Suffolk committee men for the Associated Counties; so is Sir Symonds (or Simond) d’Ewes, mentioned below. The author of the Breviar3q who expresses therein a preference for the ‘ absolute’ form of government, had gone under ‘ the waves of this troublesome world’ before the Civil War began, and was perhaps for this reason spared the misery of estrangement from his most cherished friends. But the sacrifice of Raleigh in the verj^ j'ear of which the Breviary bears the date, the foreign policy of the Stuarts, and the high doctrines in Church and State which they favoured, might have caused Reyce to reconsider his political predilections. A daughter of Sir Robert Crane was married to John, Lord Bellasis, a brave and trusted officer in the King’s service, of whom, while 231 232 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Governor of Newark, a curious and truly ‘Pepyslan’ anecdote Is to be found In Pepys’s Diary, under date Feb. 4,1664-65. Lord Bellasls, who was a Catholic, lived through the period of Commonwealth and the reign of Charles ii., under whom he was at one time Governor of Tangier, subsequently Captain of the Corps of Gentlemen Pensioners; later still, was put In prison on the occasion of Titus Oates’s alleged revelations; was made First Lord of the Treasury by James ii., and died after the Revolution. He seems to have been somewhat ready with his weapon; In a quarrel with the Princes Rupert and Maurice swords had been drawn, and only the sudden entry of King Charles i. parted the disputants (Evelyn’s Diary, etc., ed. 1854, vol. Iv. pp. 155-56). In 1663, Pepys tells us In his Diary for the 15th May of that year, there had been a ‘ falling out ’ two days previously at an entertainment given by Lord Oxford, ‘ there being there ’ (among others) ‘ my Lord Bellases. . . . There were high words and some blows, and pulling off of perrl- wlggs, till my Lord Monk took away some of their swords, and sent for some soldiers to guard the house till the fray was ended. ’ Sir Henry Bellasls, the son of Lord Bellasls, appears to have Inherited the fiery temperament of his father. Along with some other sprigs of nobility, he was apprehended for the murder of a tanner near Stoke Newington (Z>iary, Feb. 22,1661-62). A few years afterwards. Sir Henry was mortally hurt In a drunken duel with his best friend, Tom Porter, who was himself wounded In the encounter {Diary, July 29,1667). On the 8th August, Pepys reports that ‘ Sir Henry Bellasls Is dead of the duel he fought ’; and adds, ‘ It Is pretty to see how the world talk of them as a couple of fools, that killed one another out of love.’ Dedication, page 3. The compiler of the Breviary ofSiiffolk, Robert Reyce or Ryece, was a native of Preston, a village adjoining Lavenham In Suffolk, for which county his father was a Justice of the Peace. The younger Reyce received part of his education at Geneva under Beza, and married Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas Appleton of Little Waldlngfield. Reyce died In 1638, having survived his wife about nine years, and was burled, as she also had been. In the chancel of Preston Church, where their tombstones may still be seen. He lived on terms of Intimacy with Sir Symonds d’Ewes of Stowlangtoft, an antiquary of repute (1602-1650), who was associated with Spelman, Selden, and Cotton. (See the Introduction to Page’s Histon'y of the County of Suffolk, 1847.) NOTES 233 Breviary, page 5. Suffolk is now considered to be situated between 51° 57' and 52° 35' North Latitude, and between 21' and 1° 45' East Longitude. Page 6. The area of Suffolk has been variously computed at different times. In the first edition of Kirby’s Suffolk Traveller, published in 1735, the length of the county from east to west is stated to be 52 miles, and the breadth from north to south 28 miles. The area is reckoned at 748,160 acres. This calculation is repeated in the second edition dated 1764. But Mr. Arthur Young, the celebrated author of the Agricultural Survey of Suffolk, published in 1797, follow’ed by Mr. Shoberl in his Description of Suffolk, compiled about 1813, and by the editor of the fourth edition of the Suffolk Traveller, under date 1829, practically adopts a reckoning by which the county is treated as an oblong, 47 miles in length by 27 in breadth, and containing 1269 square miles, or 812,160 acres. Mr. Suckling (1846) says that the aggregate of the parochial surveys reaches 918,760 acres, and in 1853 Mr. Glyde, in his Suffolk in the Nineteenth Century, puts the measurements, from east to west at 56 miles, and from north to south at 32 miles, and the area at 947,681 acres. With this estimate agrees substantially the estimate in the Agricultural Returns of 1901, viz. 946,011 acres of land, and 2754 acres of water, giving a total of 948,765 acres. Sameimge. The siege of Ostend, which lasted from early in 1601 to September 1604, was one of the most famous sieges in history, and is said to have cost the besieged 50,000 lives, and the besiegers as many as 80,000. The operations were begun by the Archduke Albert, known as the ‘ Pious,’ who had formerly been in orders, and a cardinal. The siege was at length brought to a successful issue by Spinola, to whom the town was surrendered. The distance from Ostend to the nearest point of the Suffolk coast is about 90 miles. Page 7. The rivers which in the text are called the Ure and the Deave (elsewhere written Deane), are the modern Orwell and Deben. The ‘ Ryver of Hierre’ is the Yare. Page 9. The ‘ ryver of Dale ’ is now known as Lee Brook. ^ Burne Bradfeild’ is Bradfield Combust. The name has nothing to do with the name of the River Burn or Larke. ‘ Stoure meare ’ is Sturmer. Page 11, ‘ Cokely ’ is the modern Cookley. ‘ Sowolde ’ is South wold. Page 11. ‘ Silly Dimkirkes.’ Here, as with reference to the garrison 2g 234 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK of Ostend (p. 6), Eeyce seems to use the word ‘ sillj" ’ in a sense which is now obsolete. At page 6 the meaning seems to be innocent or inoffensive, here it may rather signify crafty. ‘ Silly ’ Suffolk has been supposed to mean saintly, or blessed, from the number of religious houses in the county. Page 13. ‘ Purveyors' The following extract from Hallam’s Middle Ages (vol. iii. p. 148, ed. 1856) will serve to show the nature of the grievances which Reyce reprehends, and had, no doubt, experienced: ‘ The real prerogatives that might formerly be exerted were some¬ times of so injurious a nature that we can hardly separate them from their abuse ; a striking instance is that of purveyance, which will at once illustrate the definition given above of a prerogative, the limits within which it was to be exercised, and its tendencj' to transgress them. This was a right of purchasing whatever was necessary for the king’s household, at a fair price, in preference to every competitor, and without the consent of the owner. By the same prerogative, carriages and horses were impressed for the king’s journeys, and lodgings provided for his attendants. . . . But the royal purveyors had the utmost temptation, and doubtless no small store of pre¬ cedents, to stretch this power beyond its legal boundary, and not only to fix their own price too low, but to seize what they wanted without any payment at all, or with tallies which were carried in vain to an empty exchequer.’ Reference may also be made to Hallam’s Constitutional History (vol. i. p. 364, ed. 1834), where, alluding to the period of which Reyce is treating, he tells us that ‘ purveyance had been restrained by not less than thirty-six statutes, as the Commons assert in a petition to the king; in spite of which the impressing of carts and carriages, and the exaction of victuals for the king’s use, at prices below the true value, and in quantity beyond what was necessary, continued to pre¬ vail under authority of Commissions from the Board of Green Cloth, and was enforced, in case of demur or resistance, by imprisonment under their warrant. The purveyors, indeed, are described as living at free quarters upon the country, felling woods without the owners’ consent, and commanding labour with little or no recompense.’ Mr. Green, too, has vividly exemplified the mischiefs of the system {History of the English People, vol. i. p. 456) ‘ The prerogative of purveyance, by which the king in his progresses NOTES 235 through the country had the right of first purchase of all that he needed at fair market price, became a galling oppression in the hands of a bankrupt king who was always moving from place to place. “ When men hear of your coming,” Archbishop Islip wrote to Edward (the Third), “ everybody at once for sheer fear sets about hiding or eating or getting rid of their geese and chickens or other possessions, that they may not utterly lose them through your arrival. The pur¬ veyors and servants of your Courts seize on men and horses in the midst of their field work. They seize on the very bullocks that are at plough or at sowing, and force them to work for two or three days at a time without a penny of payment. It is no wonder that men make dole and murmur at your approach, for, as the truth is in God, I myself, whenever I hear a rumour of it, be I at home, or in chapter, or in church, or at study, nay, if I am saying mass, even I in my own person tremble in every limb.” ’ Purveyance finally went by the board soon after the Restoration. Page 16, line 5. The word ‘ year ’ is required before ‘ 1593.’ Same page. '■ Stowmarket.' Mr. Hollingsworth in claiming for this place a prescriptive right to be regarded as the county town of Suffolk (History of Stoivmarket, pp. 128-29,161), rates its importance rather too highly. There is no prescription in the matter; but it may be said that Stowmarket is the usual place of assembly for the whole county, the convenience of its central position no doubt dictating the selection. Mr. Hollingsworth mentions a case (May 12,1578) in which a county meeting was held in the town, when many resolutions were passed for the keeping up the training of men. In the reign of Charles i. the Assizes seem to have been held there for a short period, but this Avas probably owing to the exigencies of the Civil War, or on account of pestilence. Mr. Hollingsworth says that at two different periods the General Sessions were held at Stowmarket; if this was so, the Sessions meant are, I suppose, the Quarter Sessions for the Ipswich Division of the county. But the principal occasion of resort to Stowmarket was in connection with the preliminaries of political elections. Candidatures were here discussed and settled ; even the nominations made; and the great question whether thei'e should be a contest and a poll was determined. The actual elec¬ tion in the County Court took place under the directions of the sheriff, generally at Ipswich, It is still considered to be a rule of 236 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK etiquette that meetings of the magistrates for the whole county- should be summoned to Stowmarket. Same page. ‘ Justices of the coztnty of Suffolk.' See note to page 82 in the Supplementary Notes (p. 292). Page 17. ‘ ice doe agree that order shall bee taken according to our vsual divisions.' See note to page 82 (p. 292). Same page. ‘ vj<= ij'xvj®.’ Read this, £602, 16s. Page 19. ‘ rates of every towne.' The word town is here used in the sense of township, and is practically equivalent to parish. Same page. 'Styrkes.' This means young cattle, steers or heifers, between one year and two years of age. Same page. ‘Wax 600 lb. at 6d. the pound... £26 16 00.’ There is a miscalculation here; 600 lb. of wax, at 6d. the pound, would come to £15. Page 20. It is presumed that the names of the compounders, to which no date is prefixed, represent the successive yearly holders of the oflBce. The series would thus end with the year 1617, the year prior to that which gives date to the dedication of the Breviary. Page 21. The Bishop of the Diocese to whom Reyce refers was either John Jegon, Master of Benet College, Cambridge, who was Bishop of Norwich from 1602 to 1617, or his more distinguished successor. Doctor John Overall, translated from the Bishopric of Lichfield to that of Norwich in 1618. Overall was the reputed author of, inter alia, that part of the Church Catechism which relates to the Sacraments. The allusion to the ‘ smallness ’ of the diocese, which in Reyce’s time included the Archdeaconry of Sudbury as well as that of Suffolk, and thus extended over the whole of Suffolk and Norfolk, and a part of Cambridgeshire, would probably provoke a perplexed smile from the present right reverend occupant of the See of Norwich. Henry viii., we know, had it in contemplation to erect a separate See for the county of Suffolk. ‘ Byshopprychys,’ wrote that monarch, ‘to be new made . . . Suffolke —Bury.’ A like intention is ascribed to Charles i., who ‘designed to divide the See of Norwich into two, it being very great for the number of Churches, and to make Sudbury or Bury (where there are two very fair churches) a See.’ (See Tymms’ S. Mary’s Church, Bury St. Edmunds, 1854, p. 99.) In much earlier times, it seems, there had been some notion of erecting an Episcopal See at Bury. IMr. Tymms quotes a bull of Pope Calixtus, issued in 1123, to the following effect: NOTES 237 ‘ Sane si locus vester in Episcopatum fuerit commutatus, et Episco- palis ibi constituatur sedes, nullus ibi ullo tempore nisi monachus in Episcopatum ordinetur.’ And, lastly, but a few years ago, an effort was made to effect a readjustment of the Sees of Ely and Norwich, with the view of making a separate Bishopric for Suffolk ; but the plan was launched in unpropitious times, owing to the depressed condition of agriculture, partly from a succession of bad seasons, and partly from the stress of foreign competition. Page 25. ‘ Three xveekes before St. Michael,' This must be understood to refer to Old Michaelmas— i.e. October 11. Same page. ‘ The evennes of the Country,' Here I take leave to insert two descriptions of this region—one of gi-eat antiquity, the other not a century old—written by observers widely separated from one another in point of time, and of very different characters; both somewhat inaccessible to the general reader. The first extract is from Abbo of Fleury, the second from Cobbett’s Rural Rides. Abbo’s description of the region, which includes the county of Suffolk, is as follows :— ‘ At pnedicta orientalis pars cum aliis turn eo nobilis habetur, quod aquis pasne undique alluitur, quoniam a subsolano et euro cingitur oceano, ab aquilone vero immensarum paludum uligine, qum exori- entes propter aequalitatem terras a meditullio ferme totius Britanniae, per centum et eo amplius millia cum maximis fluminibus descendunt in mare. Ab ea autem parte qua sol vergitur in occasum, ipsa pro- vincia reliqute insuhe est contigua, et ob id pervia; sed ne crebra irruptione hostium incursetur, aggere adinstar altioris muri fossa humo prsemunitur. Interius ubere gleba satis admoduni lasta, horto- rum nemorumque amoenitate gratlssima, ferarum venatione insignis, pascuis pecorum et jumentorum non mediocriter fertills. Be piscosis fluminibus reticemus, cum hinc earn, ut dictum est, lingua marls allambit, inde, paludibus dilatatis, stagnorum ad duo vel tria millia spatiosorum innumerabilis multitudo prastei'fluit. Quae paludes prae- bent pluribus monachorum gregibus optatos solitarite eonversationis sinus, quibus inclusi non Indigeant solitudine eremi, ex quibus sunt sancti monachorum patris Benedicti caelibes caenobitae in loco celebri hac tempestate.’ So far, Abbo and his elegant Latinity: we now turn to the robust and masculine English of William Cobbett 238 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK ‘ There is no doubt but that this (Ipswich) was a much greater place than it is now. It is the great outlet for the immense quantities of corn gi'own in this most productive County, and by farmers the most clever that ever lived. I am told that wheat is worth six shillings a quarter more, at some times, at Ipswich than at Norwich, the naviga¬ tion to London being so much more speedy and safe. Immense quantities of flom- are sent from this town. The windmills on the hills in the vicinage are so numerous that I counted, whilst standing in one place, no less than seventeen. They are all painted or washed white; the sails are black; it was a fine morning, the wind was brisk, and their twirling altogether added greatly to the beauty of the scene, which, having the broad and beautiful arm of the sea on the one hand, and the fields and meadows, studded with farm-houses, on the other, appeared to me the most beautiful sight of the kind that I had ever beheld. The town and its churches were down in the dell before me, and the only object that came to disfigure the scene was THE BARRACK, and made me utter involuntarily the words of Black- stone: “The laws of England recognise no distinction between the citizen and the soldier; they know of no standing soldier; no inland fortresses; no barracks.” “ Ah ! ” said I to myself, but loud enough for any one to have heard me a hundred yards, “such icere the laws of England when mass was said in those magnificent churches, and such they continued until a sex)tennial parliament came and deprived the people of England of their rights.” ‘I know of no town to be compared with Ipswich, except it be Nottingham; and there is this difference in the two: that Notting¬ ham stands high, and, on one side, looks over a very fine country; whereas Ipswich is in a dell, meadows running up above it, and a beautiful arm of the sea below it. The town itself is substantially built, well paved, everj'thing good and solid, and no wretched dwell¬ ings to be seen on its outskirts. From the town itself you can see nothing; but you can, in no direction, go from it a quarter of a mile without finding views that a painter might crave, and then, the country round about it, so well cultivated; the land in such a beautiful state, the farm-houses all white, and all so much alike; the barns, and everything about the homesteads so snug; the stocks of turnips so abundant; the sheep and cattle in such fine order; the wheat all drilled; the ploughmen so expert; the furrows, if a quarter of a mile long, as straight as a line, and laid as trul}- as M’ith a level, in short. NOTES 239 here is everything to delight the eye, and to make the people proud of their Country'; and this is the case throughout the whole of this County. I have always found Suffolk farmers great boasters of their superiority over others, and I must say that it is not without reason. ‘ Coming from Ipswich to Bury St. Edmund’s, you pass through Needham-market and Stowmarket, two very pretty market towns; and, like all the other towns in Suffolk, free from the drawback of shabby and beggarly houses on the outskirts. I remarked that I did not see in the whole County one single instance of paper or rags supply¬ ing the place of glass in any window, and did not see one miserable hovel in which a labourer resided. The County, however, is flat; with the exception of the environs of Ipswich, there is none of that beautiful variety of hill and dale, and hanging woods, that you see at every town in Hampshire, Sussex, and Kent. It is curious, too, that though the people, I mean the poorer classes of people, are extremely neat in their houses, and though I found all their gardens dug up prepared for cropping, you do not see about their cottages (and it is just the same in Norfolk) that ornamental gardening walks, and the flower borders, and the honey-suckles, and roses, trained over the doors, or over arched sticks, that you see in Hampshire, Sussex, and Kent, that I have many times sitten upon my horse to look at so long and so often, as greatly to retard me on my journey. Nor is this done for show or ostentation. If you find a cottage in those Counties, by the side of a hy lane, or in the midst of a forest, you find just the same care about the garden and the flowers. In those Counties, too, there is great taste with regard to trees of every description, from the hazel to the oak. In Suffolk it appears to be just the contrary; here is the great dissight of all these three eastern Counties. Almost every bank of every field is studded with pollards, that is to'say, trees that have been beheaded, at from six to twelve feet from the ground, than which nothing in nature can be more ugly. They send out shoots from the head, which are lopped off once in ten or a dozen years for fuel, or other purposes. To add to the deformity, the ivy is suffered to grow on them, which, at the same time checks the growth of the shoots. These pollards become hollow very soon, and, as timber, are fit for nothing but gate-posts, even before they be hollow. Upon a farm of a hundred acres these pollards, by root and shade, spoil at least six acres of the ground, besides being most destructive to the fences. 240 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK ■Why not plant six acres of the ground with timber and underwood? Half an acre a year would most amply supply the farm with poles and brush, and with ever 3 'thing wanted in the waj' of fuel; and wh}’ not plant hedges to be unbroken by these pollards ? I have scarcely seen a single farm of a hundred acres without pollards sufficient to find the farm-houses in fuel, without any assistance from coals, for several j'ears. ‘ However, the gi’eat number of farm-houses in Suffolk, the neatness of those houses, the moderation in point of extent which you generally see, and the great store of the food in the turnips, and the admirable management of the whole, form a pretty good compensation for the want of beauties. The land is generally as clean as a garden ought to be; and, though it varies a good deal as to lightness and stiffness, they make it all bear prodigious quantities of Swedish turnips; and on them pigs, sheep, and cattle, all equally thrive. I did not observe a single poor miserable animal in the whole County. ‘ To conclude an account of Suffolk, and not to sing the praises of Bury St. Edmund’s, would offend every creature of Suffolk birth; even at Ipswich, when I was praising that place, the very people of that town asked me if I did not think Bury St. Edmund’s the nicest town in the world. Meet them wherever you will, they have all the same boast; and indeed, as a town in itself, it is the neatest place that ever was seen. It is airy, it has several fine open places in it, and it has the remains of the famous abbey walls and the abbey gate entire ; and it is so clean and so neat that nothing can equal it in that respect. It was a favourite spot in ancient times; greatly endowed with monasteries and hospitals. Besides the famous Benedictine Abbey, there was once a college and a friary; and as to the abbey itself, it was one of the greatest in the kingdom; and was so ancient as to have been founded only about forty j'ears after the landing of Saint Austin in Kent. The land all about it is good; and the soil is of that nature as not to produce much dirt at any time of the year; but the country about it is flat, and not of that beautiful variety that we find at Ipswich.’ {Eastern Tour, March 1830.) Page 27. ‘ A mine of Gold oare about Banketon.' Camden, in his Britannia, alleges that the thirst for gold led King Henry viii. to make excavations at Norton, and of the king’s works it is thought that evidences are still to be found in that parish, on the Little Haugh property. At Bacton, however, which is, I suppose, the Banketon of NOTES 241 the text, no record or tradition exists of any gold-mining. Mr. Hol¬ lingsworth misquotes Reyce, making him allege that the expense of the operations caused the Bacton woi’ks to he discontinued. He must have mistaken ‘experience’ for ‘expense.’ Page 29. ‘ the superfluous expence' Here, as also at page 33, with reference to hops ‘ onely for the home expence,’ and in other places, Reyce uses the word ‘ expence ’ where modern economists speak of ‘ consumption.’ Page 30. ‘ mislin.' A mixed crop, usually of rye-corn and wheat. Page 32. ‘ allure some to allure their former experiments' The second ‘ allure ’ is a ‘ lapsus calami ’ for renew, or repeat. The cultiva¬ tion of the hop, except it be for an acre or two near Stowmarket, has practically ceased in Suffolk. Page 35. ‘ harmlesse Conies' Except where rabbits are enclosed in warrens, they would not now, in gardens, coppices, shrubberies, or on farms, be regarded as harmless. But they still furnish tables—and also heads, the skins or felt being sent to Stockport, etc., and converted into hats. Page 36. ‘ The Normans . . . for the maintenance of their venery overthretv whole toxcnes and villages.' In this connection the Anglo- Saxon Chronicle may be quoted. Under date 1087, the Chronicle says of William the Conqueror, ‘ He made many deer-parks, and he estab¬ lished laws therewith, so that whosoever slew a hart or a hind should be deprived of his eyesight. As he forbade men to kill tlie harts, so also the boars; and he loved the tall deer as if he were their father. Likewise he decreed by the hares that they should go free. His rich men bemoaned it, and the poor shuddered at it. But he was so stern that he recked not the hatred of them all.’ In the ‘ Victoria' History of Hampshire, now in course of publication. Dr. Round warns us against giving implicit trust to the accounts formerly credited of the destruction wrought by William i. in the New Forest. Pages 37-44. ^ The Hogge—Sheep — Bullock—The Horse.' Suffolk still prides itself on its breeds of swine, sheep, cattle, and horses, which, in their present degree of perfection, though founded in all probability on the stocks described by Re 3 xe, have, bj'judicious crosses, and prolonged attention to important ‘points,’ undergone so great modification, that our worthj’ author would scarcely be able to recognise in the descend¬ ants the salient traits of the ancestors, which he so warmly commends. 2h 242 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK Pagre44. ‘Quails.' Possibly Rejxe means the landrail or corn-crake. ‘ Suite.' This must, I think, be a slip of the pen for snite, another name for snipe. Snite is akin to snout, and refers to the long beak; snipe points to the snip-snap of the beak in feeding. Page 45. By 7 James i. c. 11, passed not long before the date of the Breviary, which recites 2 James i. c. 27, a good law which had not yielded the good success which had been expected of it, stringent pro¬ visions were enacted to prevent the waste of corn and gi’ain, and the destruction of immature game by untimely hawking. Same page. ‘ thrush or [ ].’ The blank space should perhaps be filled with the alternative word throstle; ‘ the uood-spight,' is the green woodpecker. Page 46. ‘ the fresh water.' The average rainfall of Suffolk will be found to amount to about 24 inches a year, with 16 inches or so for a minimum in a season of drought, and perhaps 32 or thereabouts in a year of floods. The ‘ expence,’ as Reyce would phrase it, of water is now so much greater than formerly, that we can hardly agree with him that ‘ in the greatest drought wee never want,’ and in the uplands the provision of a due supply of water is among our most pressing and difficult problems. One trouble attendant on the labours of those who are employed in the task of obtaining water, and too familiar to our modern well-sinkers, viz. the emanation of foul gas, was experienced in very ancient times, as appears from the following narrative taken from the pages of a quaint twelfth-century Chronicle :— ‘ Contigit autem ante annos aliquot apud Orientales Anglos in vico quodam tres viros operarios, dum studio incolarum puteum vetustum purgarent, et largioris aquee desiderio e terrae visceribus producendae altius foderent, subito exanimari; quo viso incol® eundem puteum ruderibus impleverunt, et locum exitii mternum exanimatis sepulchrum esse voluerunt. At istud non adeo mirum est, quia hinc probabiliter ratio reddi potest. Forte enim fundus putei habuit sive argenti vivi sive alteriusrei noxiae venam occultam, quae, ut creditur, dum a fos- soribus earn contigit aperiri, dirum et pestilentem spiritum exhalavit, qui onmem sensum praeveniens in momento exstingueret fodientes.’ —William of Newburgh, Lib. v., under date 1197. Same jmge. ‘ dare.' This is another name for dace. Dare accentuates the darting, dace the dashing movement of the fish. PageiS. ‘King Stephen licensed his Barons and nobility to build NOTES 243 them as many castles as they icoukl.’ The reign of Stephen was one of the most dismal in our history. The picture of this period given in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is one of unrelieved misery and un¬ limited oppression. I take the following extract from Dr. Ingram’s version (pp. 365, sqq.), under the date 1137 ‘Every rich man built his castles, which they held against him’ (King Stephen): ‘ and they filled the land full of castles. They cruelly oppressed the wretched men of the land with castleworks ; and when the castles were made, they filled them with devils and evil men. Then took they those whom they supposed to have any goods, both by night and by day, labouring men and women, and threw them into prison for their gold and silver, and inflicted on them unutterable tortures; for never were any martyrs so tortured as they. Some they hanged up by the feet, and smoked them with foul smoke; and some by the thumbs, or by the head, and hung coats of mail on their feet. They tied knotted strings about their heads, and twisted them till the pain went to the brains. They imt them into dungeons, wherein were adders, and snakes, and toads, and so destroyed them. Some they placed in a crucet-house, that is, in a chest that was short and narrow, and not deep, wherein they put sharp stones, and so thrust the man therein that they broke all the limbs. In many of the castles were things loathsome and grim, called “ Sachenteges,” of which two or three men had enough to bear one. It was thus made: that is, fastened to a beam, and they placed a sharp iron (collar) about the man’s throat and neck, so that he could in no direction either sit or lie, or sleep, but bear all that iron. Many thousands they wore out with hunger. I neither can, nor may I, tell all the wounds and all the pains which they inflicted on wretched men in this land. This lasted the nineteen winters while Stephen was king, and it grew continually worse and worse. They constantly laid guilds on the towns, and called it “ ten- serie” (perhaps = assessment), and when the wretched men had no more to give, then they plundered and burned all the towns; that well thou mightest go a whole day’s journey and never shouldest thou find a man sitting in a town nor the land tilled. Then was corn dear, and flesh, and cheese, and butter; for none was there in the land. Wretched men starved of hunger. Some had recourse to alms, who were for a while rich men, and some fled out of the land. Never yet was there more wretchedness in the land ; nor ever did heathen men worse than they did; for, after a time, they spared neither church nor 244 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK churchyard, but took all the goods that were therein, and then burned the church and all together. Neither did they spare a bishop’s land, or an abbot’s, or a priest’s, but plundered both monks and clerks; and every man robbed another who could. If two men, or three, came riding to a town, all the township fled for them, concluding them to be robbers. The bishops and learned men cursed them continually, but the effect thereof was nothing to them ; for they were all accursed, and forsworn, and abandoned. To till the ground was to plough the sea ; the earth bare no corn, for the land was all laid waste by such deeds ; and they said openly that Christ slept, and His saints. Such things, and more than we can say, suffered we nineteen -winters for our sins.’ Page is. ^ Ilagenett.' This is supposed to be identical with Haughley Castle, near Stowmarket. It may be observed that, of the strongholds mentioned by Eeyce, two only are situate within the limits of the Franchise of St. Edmund, and of these Glemsford was probably very insignificant, whilst Clare, from the circumstances of its tenure, was neither an obstacle to the central power nor a menace to the neighbouring country, as were the fortresses of the marauding barons, whose loyalty was as doubtful as their exactions were oppressive. In nothing were the valour and prudence of that great prince Henry ii. more conspicuous than in his resolute suppression of the baronial castles. Page 50. ‘ lovers,’—that is, louvres, or fumerells—apertures for letting out smoke, and often surmounted by structures of wood or stone, elegantly fenestrated. PageoZ. ' Highxvayes — Bridges’ As regards Highways, ‘the several necessary statutes to that end made,’ to which Re}'ce alludes, were principally the Statute of Winchester, 13 Edward i. st. 2, c. 5, and the 2 and 3 Philip and Mary c. 8, under the latter of which surveyors were appointed yearly at Easter-tide. This Act recites that the highways are ‘now both very noisome and tedious to travel in, and dangerous to all passengers and carriages.’ It was followed by other laws for the same object in the fifth, eighteenth, twenty-seventh, and twenty-ninth years of Elizabeth’s reign. Lamentations similar to those rehearsed in the Statute-book, and repeated by Eeyce, are still to be heard, and the uneasy shifting of the burden and responsibility of road mainten- NOTES 215 ance from highway boards to parochial surveyors, and from parishes to district councils, and the making of ordinary roads main, and the ‘ dismaining ’ of old turnpike roads, and so forth, with which we have been acquainted during the last forty years, seem to indicate that we have not in fact attained to counsels of pei'fection. The question is, however, one of increasing urgency and moment owing to the intro¬ duction of new methods of locomotion ; of the bicycle, which requires a smooth, and, as far as possible, a dry surface; of the motor-car, for which a firm and solid substratum is needed. It is to be hoped that the district councils and the county authorities will bestir themselves, in their several capacities, to do away with the soft, rotten, uneven, rut-seamed and runnel-scored lanes of which complaint has been so often made. It seems even possible that some part of the traflSc, as regai’ds both goods and passengers, which has been swept off the ordinary highways on to the rail-roads, may find its way back to the ancient tracks. As to Bridges, ‘pontium reparatio’ was an old obligation of the inhabitants of every county and franchise, etc. This obligation was defined and declared by the Statute of Bridges (22 Henry viii. c. 5), which is considered to be the initial step in the long series of enact¬ ments by which administrative and financial duties were imposed upon the Courts of General or Quarter Sessions. No doubt there was not always an eager rush on the part of the local authorities to assume liability in respect of particular bridges. Mr. Suckling, in his History of Suffolk, dilates upon a rather notable instance—that of S. Olave’s Bridge at Ilerringfleet. The name appears also as S. Tholowe’s or S. Tooley’s. In 1296, a jury empanelled by the Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk, returned that the erection of a bridge would be of great benefit to the countrj'. ‘ Whereupon,’ says Mr. Suckling, skipping a century and a quarter, ‘ leave was given, for among the patents of the ninth of Henrylv., 1420, is one for building a bridge.’ But it was not till the reign of Henry vii. that the bridge was constructed, at the expense of Dame Margaret, the wife of Sir James Hobart. So here, at length, the public were advantaged at the cost of the individual, and the old rhyme was reversed which relates that So-and-so, ‘ of his great bounty. Built this bridge at the cost of the County.’ But Dame Hobart’s bridge was the cause of much subsequent trouble. About 1659 the county—whether Norfolk or Suffolk Mr. Suckling does not clearly show—was amerced at the Assizes in respect of this bridge, and 246 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK a commitee was appointed to report. The bridge was patched from time to time, but was ‘ presented ’ about 1758 at Norfolk and Beccles Sessions. Fresh surveys and reports were made ; plans and estimates were ordered, with no immediate practical result, except that the bridge was again presented in 1761 and was surveyed afresh, but nothing was done till 1768. (Suckling, vol. ii. pp. 18-22.) Page 54. ‘ Wyckeso.’ This is Wixoe. ‘ Sturston' is Stuston (see p. 8), the Tutestuna and Estutestuna of Domesday; the Tutestun of Jocelin’s Chronicle (Gage’s Edition, p. 88); apparently called Sutton in the list of manors of the time of King Edward ii. (Reyce's text, p. 102.) Same page. ‘ I omit the rest,' Reyce omits, for instance, all bridges over the River Larke or Burn. In Speed’s map, 1610, bridges are shoAvn at MildenhaU, Barton Mills, and Icklingham, but none higher up, though there must have been a bridge at Bury Eastgate. At the Toll- gate the river was, perhaps, still crossed by means of a ford. Page 55. ^strang different sounding tearmes.' The schoolmaster and schoolmistress have been much abroad since Reyce’s time; but ‘ idiom’ and ‘dialect’ may still be detected in the common speech of our ‘honest country toyling villager,’ and I am not sure that the ‘ arti¬ ficer,’ or even the teacher, altogether ‘ scorneth to follow them.’ Page 61. ‘ whosoever might yearly dispend in lands 15^ to take upon him the order of knighthood.' ‘ Knighthood was made compulsory on all freeholders possessing an estate of £20, and was frequently en¬ forced, as for instance by proclamation to the sheriffs in the nineteenth of Henry iii., and by Edward i. in 1278. Writs for distraint of knight¬ hood were issued to enforce this law, and continued to be issued down to the time of Charles i., the only difference being that the estate for which knighthood was compulsory was raised fi-om £20 to £40 per annum. Elizabeth and James i. issued these writs, apparently, only on one occasion in each reign ; but the practice was revived and rigidly enforced by Charles i. in 1629. It was finally abolished, with all feudal tenures and customs, in 1661.’^ {Dictionary of English History, Low and Pulling.) Page 62. ‘ a lanibeux,' i.e. a label. 1 I must, however, correct the last remark of the learned editors. Com¬ pulsory knighthood was abolished in 1640 by 16 Car. i. c. 20; ‘ From henceforth no Person or Persons of what condition, quality, estate or degree soever, shall at any time be distrained or otherwise compelled by any writ or process NOTES 247 Page 63. ‘/«r du mouline,' a mill-rind, usually written fer de moulin. Same page. ‘ Cr%icile,' strewn or studded with crosses. Same page. ' resurcilee.' The correct spelling is recercelee, curved backwards. Each of the four limbs of the cross is bifurcated, and the extremities are bent outwards like rams’ horns. Same page, footnote. '■Anno Gratice,' &tc. The list of the knights of S. Edmund here given is probably taken, but with a different sequence of names, from the Chronicle of Jocelin de Brackland. (See Gage’s Edition, p. 88.) That Chronicle, however, gives the names of two knights not mentioned in Reyce’s catalogue, viz. ‘ Allexander de Kirkebi,’ and ‘ Arnaldus de Charneles.’ Page 64. ‘ S’’ John de Bovyll.' The martlett is the sign of ‘ differ¬ ence,’ or ‘ cadency,’ for the fourth son. Page 65. 'Sir [ ] de Holbrooke.' ‘Crusylee’ is the same as Crucile, p. 63. The meaning is that the field is studded with crosses. Same page. ‘ Sir Alleyn de Goldingharn.' ‘ Bendy undee ’ is equiva¬ lent to bendy wavy. Page 66, top line. ‘ foyles de moores’ are, I suppose, mulberry leaves. Same page. ‘ florited sur le nowes ’ means bearing flowers (fleurs de lys) at the points of intersection. Same page. ' plates ’ are silver discs or roundles. Page 67. 'Phillip Parker.' ‘Somme (ou arme)’ means antlered; ' lampasse ’ means eyed. Same page. ' John Heigham.' ‘ Racees’ = erased. Same page. 'Thomas Barnardiston.' ‘Une fesse dauiicy’ means a fesse dancettee, i.e. with (strictly) three bold indentations. ‘ Crois recroisettes ’ = cross crosslets. Page 68. ‘ Robert Ashfield.' ' Engrule ’ = engrailed. Same page. ' Edmond Wyttypoll.' ' Lyons au leopards,’ that is, like the royal lions of England, passant gardant, or at any rate not ram¬ pant. Boutell’s English Heraldry, 1889 (pp. 84, 85). ‘ Transmutees ’ = counterchanged. Pape 69. 'SeigeofRoan'—i.e.'B.on&w. The Norman city had under- of the Court of Chancery or Court of Exchequer, or otherwise by any means whatsoever, to receive or take upon him or them respectively the Order or Dignity of Knighthood, nor shall suffer any fine, trouble, or molestation what¬ soever, by reason or colour of his^or their having not received or not taken upon him or them the said Order or Dignity.’ 248 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK gone one siege in 1562, -when, after a gallant resistance, to -which a British force had greatly contributed, the place -was taken by Guise. In 1591 the parts were reversed. But the besiegers were on this occa¬ sion foiled by the skill of Parma. Same page. ‘ winning of Cadez, anno Cadiz was taken in 1596, by an English force under the command of Lord Howard of Effingham and the Earl of Essex. The city was sacked, but the citizens were treated with clemency. This expedition was a veritable singeing of the beard of the proud Spaniard. Pflfife 70. ‘ Thomas Bou'se.’ ‘ Une viuure mise en fesse.’ Viuure, or vivre, is by Littre derived from the Latin vipera, a viper. The term is explained by Boutell, as follows : ‘ a Barrulet or Cotise Dancett^e ’ (p. 159). The sense in the text seems to be a ‘fesse dancettee.’ The resemblance of these charges to the conventional representation of the sea-serpent may be noticed. Page 71. ’■Robert Barker,' ‘ Partie pour fesse ’ should be ‘ partie par fesse.’ Same page. 'Isaac Appleton.' ‘Furille’ I take to mean having leaves = feuillees. Page 72. 'Jehan Pretiman.' ‘Ports’; the‘s’is superfluous. Page 74. 'King Richard the 2“*, this earldom,' etc. Some such word as ‘ erected ’ seems required before ‘ this earldom.’ Same page, ■ith and oth line from the bottom. 'Murdered at Bury St. Edmunds.' Whether ‘Duke Humphrey ’ was murdered—suffocated •with a bolster, or otherwise,—or whether he died a natural death, is not certain. He came, no doubt, to a sudden end, at a period when such was usually regarded as due to human crime, if not to divine vengeance. Page 77. Camden, in his Britannia, expresses himself somewhat scornfully on the subject of the alleged erection of an Earldom of Suffolk by Henry ii. in favour of Kandolph de Glanvill. Reyce’s state¬ ments are sufficiently explicit, though he gives no authority for them. Philemon Holland’s translation of Camden’s work appeared in 1610, and it is scarcely to be supposed that Reyce was not acquainted with it. It is to be regretted, therefore, that he did not respond to Camden’s challenge, and furnish pi'oofs. NOTES 249 Page 81. 'Mary, his sister, ividdoxv of Lewis the 12"', King of France.' Our late revered sovereign, Queen Victoria, graciously caused one of the windows in S. Mary’s Church, Bury St. Edmunds, to be filled with stained glass in menioi’y of the princess above mentioned, whose remains had been transferred to S. Mary’s Church from the Abbey of S. Edmund, where she was at first buried. Page 82. The Divisions of the County. The dilTerentiation of East Anglia into well-defined shires was of tardy accomplishment; indeed it may be said in some sense to remain incomplete, inasmuch as (setting aside the diocesan arrangements which are reported to have prevailed before the death of S. Edmund), the plans for erecting a separate Bishopric of Suffolk have miscarried. The primitive Eal- dormen, and subsequent Earls, as well as the Bishops of the district, took their style from ‘ Est-Engle ’; afterwards Norfolk and Suffolk conjointly conferred the lay titles; and, though Reyce asserts that Kanulf de Glanville was made Earl of Suffolk by Henry ri., the usually received opinion is that Suffolk did not by itself constitute an earldom until Robert de Ufiiord was promoted thereto by Edward nr. A separate Sheriff was not appointed for Suffolk till 1576; prior to that date there was as a rule but one Sheriff for Norfolk and Suffolk, chosen, it would seem in the more recent years of the period, alternately from either county. It may have been partly owing to the wide extent of the East Anglian ‘ bailiwick ’ that large areas were carved out of it, and constituted exempt jurisdictions. Suffolk was thus divided at a period earlier than the Conquest. The Liberty of S. Etheldreda, which was granted originally to the Prior and Convent of Ely, and on the dissolution of that house to the Dean and Chapter, is said to date from the reign of Edward the Confessor. The Liberty of S. Edmund, which was conceded to the Abbot and Monks of Bury by the same monarch soon after his accession, was but the continuation of a franchise previously granted to the king’s mother, Emma of Normandy, as a marriage portion, either by Ethelred in 1002, or by her second husband, Knut, in 1017. (See the Introduction to Gage’s Thingoe, and Arnold’s Meynorials, vol. i. p. 255.) ‘Carta nostra loquitur de tempore regis ^dwardi, et de tempore matris sum reginm Emma?, qum habuit viii. hundredos et dimidium in dotem ante tempora sancti jEdwardi.’ The Confessor, after his coronation in 1043, pounced upon the possessions of ‘ the lady,’ as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells us, ‘ because she was 2i 250 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK formerly very hard upon the king her son, and did less for him than he wished before he was king, and also since.’ Thus it was that the Franchise came into the king’s hands; and it had scarcely done so when, at the request of the monks, it was re-granted to them. Hitherto the superior jurisdiction of Bury Abbey had been restricted to the town of Bury and the circuit indicated by the four crosses placed at the distance of a mile from the extremities of the town, under the Charter of King Edmund about 942 or 945, and the Charters of Knut and Hartha-Knut. Now, a district extending over about two-fifths of the whole county of Suffolk was placed in the main under the rule and governance of the Abbot and Monks. The Lords of the Franchise had thenceforth to secure and to improve the position which they had won, and in their efforts to this end they were brought, during succeeding centuries, into frequent contact, and occasional collision, in spiritual concerns, with the Bishops of the East Anglian Diocese, and with the Metropolitan See of Canterbmy; in temporal affairs with the Sovereigns of England and the Judges of the land; with the Sheriffs; with the Bishops of Ely and the Ai'chbishops of Canterbury, as secular magnates, and with certain lay grandees, as for instance the Lords of the Honour of Clare. I must leave for another opportunity, should such be afforded me, a detailed examination of the history and incidents of the gi’eat Liberty of S. Edmund, which remained in the hands of its monastic rulers till the day when Abbot Reeve surrendered his Abbey to Henry viii., November 4,1539. What provisions were thereupon made for its governance does not clearly appear. The Act 27 Henry viii. c. 24 (1535) had already, while ‘Troy still stood,’ in some degree lessened the importance of the secular privileges of the Franchise; but its continuance as a separate area of jurisdiction was safeguarded, and by the Statute 32 Henry viii. c. 20 (1540), elaborate precautions were taken against the extinction, by merger or otherwise, of the Liberties, Franchises, Privileges, and temporal Jurisdictions of the former lords, and for the protection of the rights of the Stewards and Bailiffs of Liberties against the intermeddling of the Sheriffs. These enactments must also have applied to a greater or less extent to S. Etheldreda’s Franchise, and thus in the earliest edition of Camden’s Britannia, published in 1586-87, it is said by the learned author that the County of Suffolk ‘dividitur politice in tres partes, quarum una “The Geldable,” quod ex ea tributum exigitur, altera Libertas NOTES 251 S. Edmundi, quia ad ejus mouasterium spectavit, tertia Libertas S. Etheldreda dicitur.’ I know not whether the Dean and Chapter of Ely, who succeeded the Prior and Convent as custodians of the Woodbridge Liberty, were less retentive of their rights than were the heirs and assigns of Sir Nicholas Bacon, and of the Earl of Suffolk, the lay lords who stood respectively in the shoes of the Abbot of Bury and of the Steward of S. Edmund’s Franchise; but in 1673 Blome, in his description of Suffolk, states that ‘Suffolk is more generally divided into two parts; viz. the Franchise or Liberty of S. Edmund, and the Geldable,’ in which apparently he includes the Division of Woodbridge. And in this view Gibson, in his edition of Camden, published in 1695, concurs. At what date a single Commission of the Peace for the entire county of Suffolk was first issued I have been unable to discover. It is said that the Form of the Commission was revised by authority about the year 1590-91, and it may be that on this occasion one Commission was adopted for Suffolk, though there are some indications that the change was made at an earlier date. The Quarter Sessions, however, and the Assizes, continued to be held for the Franchise of S. Edmund separately. The Sessions are still so held; the Assizes were so held by virtue of separate Commissions of Gaol Delivery and Oyer and Terminer till 1839, when the separate Commissions were, contrary to high judicial authority, discontinued, and the separate Grand Jury which had hitherto been convoked for the Liberty ceased to assemble. Of the eastern part, or body of the county, the history so far as regards the Sessions is as follows, A practice similar to that described by Reyce prevailed till after the passing of the County Management Act, 1858, which was introduced into Parliament with the object of facilitating the union of county divisions for financial and administra¬ tive purposes. Under this Act resolutions were passed on March 12th, 14th, and 17th, 1860, at the Beccles, Woodbridge, and Ipswich Sessions respectively, by which it was agreed that the three Divisions should combine for the civil and fiscal business of the Justices. For the trial of prisoners and determination of appeals, the last Quarter Sessions for the Woodbridge Division were held in October 1860; for the Beccles Division, the last Quarter Sessions were held in June 1865. Page 85. ‘A Sheirc Reeve.' A glimpse of the sheriff at work in very early times has been preserved for us by Archdeacon Hermann and 252 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Abbot Sampson. The incident is mentioned by IVIr. Gage in the Intro¬ duction to his History of Thingoe Hundred, and by him, following Hermann, is referred to the reign of Athelstan (925-940). I know not why ilr. Arnold should have sought to assign to it a later date, unless perhaps he relied upon Sampson’s implied chronology. But IMr. Arnold was aware that Sampson had fallen into some confusion in this respect. (See the Introduction to the Memorials of St. Edmundshury Abbey, pp. xxii and xxiv; and, for Hermann’s and Sampson’s respective narratives, see pp. 30 and 112). Hermann is the more ancient authority; Sampson may perhaps have had no other. Moreover, after the grant, in 942 or 945, by Athelstan’s successor, Edmund, who conferred upon the guardians of the shrine of his martyred namesake an exempt juris¬ diction over an area extending a mile in every direction from the town in which lay the sacred spot, it may be questioned whether the boldest sheriff would have presumed to invade the sanctuary, or, indeed, whether he could even have held his Court on the ‘ Thinghoe,’ which is within the limits of the ‘ Banna lenca,’ as traced by King Edmund’s charter. More probably the charter itself was granted in order to render impossible for the future such proceedings as are ascribed to Sheriff Leofstan. It is May Day ! The pleasant hills in and around Bederichsworth, now St. Edmund’s Bury, and the leas and meadows which wind between them, have put on their spring bravery; the cornfields are like emeralds; in the pastures the ray-grass erects its countless blades to greet the sun, and is shining like steel; the blackthorn is in full flower, the whitethorn is preparing to follow suit; orchards, with their mimic snow-showers, mock the phantom of departed winter; black buds of ash, ruddy buds of oak, now big to bursting, are waging their annual struggle for priority, and peasants are wondering whether the season will yield ‘ soak ’ or ‘ splash ’; cowslips deck the fields; paler oxlips carpet the woods; among the oxlips the spires of the spotted orchis blush crimson; here and there, in copses at Saxham, or Whep- stead, or Chevington, the wild hyacinth shows the deep indigo of its earliest bloom; brake and ferns protrude their tender coils from the rusty litter of their old attire in the Brackland, and at Fornham; Broom-ley promises a wealth of yellow bloom; Mary-buds are winking in Tayfen; cuckoos are shouting, nightingales tuning up, plovers whistling, lambs bleating,—in short, the great vernal pageant and transformation scene is being enacted, to the joy and refreshment of NOTES 253 mortal men; and we may take it that, the Danish lion now at length reposing in peace with the English lamb, this is, for Bury and the country round, a merry day for old and young. Not, however, for all, without exception. Mr. Sheriff Leofstan, the Vicecomes, or King’s Bailiff, of Est-Engle—f.e. of Norfolk and Suffolk, has arrived, to hold in person, on the accustomed day, the great assembly of the shire. Accompanied by bailiffs, ‘ bound ’ or otherwise, and apparitors, he has opened his court, just about the spot where the East Anglian School now stands, on the hillock known as Thinghoe— the mount of council—to which the neighbouring folk, duly summoned by horn-blasts in every village and hamlet, have been streaming since daybreak. What business the meeting in general transacted that day is not recorded, but it is clear that Mr. Sheriff was in a very bad temper. Possibly his accounts with his Royal Master were not quite in order; the balance may have been on the wrong side; his ‘ proffer ’ insufficient; and his Worship may have looked forward anxiously to the recurrence of the Shire-mote in the hope of taking the kinks out of his tangled computations by some adroit stroke of business. And his pleasant dreams of estreats, fines, amercements, and so forth, were so miserably falsified ! Scarcely the proverbial ‘ brass farthing’ to be gotten anywhere ! To use the now familiar expression of a renowned Suffolk warrior, the ‘ total bag,’ so far as appears, was represented by one poor woman. And she had absconded—whither? To the shrine of Saint Edmund the Martyr! ‘ Absconded, has she ? ’ roars the mighty man, purple w’ith passion ; ‘ to the shrine of—Bosh! ’ he bellows. ‘ Follow after her, take her, fetch her away ! ’ Off start bailiffs and tip-staves, more afraid of the sheriff, whose powers are rude and certain, than of the Saint whose abilities are as yet open to doubt; away they go, all along the slope where the Northgate Street now runs, and along the bottom of the ‘ Angel ’ Hill, even to the wonderful wooden temple where the body of the martyr was resting. They enter the basilica; they demand the surrender of the culprit. Bomfleld the priest and Leofric the deacon stoutly refuse. The minions of the sheriff ‘ ausu daeinonico permoti ’ profane the sanctuary; they seize the terrified woman, ‘ ac earn deducunt qua possunt vi.’ The clerics fall on their knees, horror-strcken ; the wail of their litanies and impre¬ catory psalms rises to the roof. Meanwhile the impious Reeve, fortified in his madness, we may suspect, with copious draughts of some parti¬ cularly fiery mead, has followed his satellites into the church, reckless 254 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK of the consequences : ‘ Non progressum ulterius absque dedecore sui.’ Swift vengeance fell upon him. The Devil, his master, gripped him there and then. ‘ Possessus a dfemone diris cruciatibus torquebatur,’ writes Sampson, to whose account we turn for the moment. ‘ Et elisus in terram, spumas in ore trahens, dentibusque stridens, per plateam rotabatur.’ See him, the greed 3 % sacrilegious tyrant, wallowing on the pavement, foaming at the mouth, gnashing his teeth ! His victim escaped ! The miscreant breathed his last, groaning dreadfully. He is buried ; but even in the grave he cannot rest. Quoth Sampson, ‘ csepit nocturnis horis in vieinia commanentes inquietare.’ He has become a ghoul, a vampire; he—or the Devil in his likeness—a terror to weak minds, and a public nuisance. Nobody in the neighbourhood can get a wink of sleep. And so the dishonoured corpse is dug out again, sewed up in a calf-skin, and plunged into a pond, ‘ mergitur in stagnum, insutus tergore vitulino, tale sic habens monumentum, “ Quique non resurget in j udicio,” cum impiis,’ concludes Hermann, severe to the last. But Sampson, great-hearted Sampson, who in his wide charity can bestow a kindly thought even upon the sinner, winds up his tale in a more gentle spirit: ‘ Qui utinam ad hoc sit traditus in preesenti Sathanfe, ut spiritus in die judicii salvus fiat.’— Arnold, Memorials, vol. i, pp. 30, 112 . Page 86. The table of Sheriffs is wanting. Lists can be found in Kirby and Page. Pagcil. 'levied generally up this Country.' ‘Up’ should be upon. Page 88. 'And so the whole County of Suffolk sendeth to the parlia¬ ment two knights.’ It seems to have been supposed by some former writers on the antiquities of Suffolk that, in times prior to the constitution of separate Shrievalties for Norfolk and Suffolk, the two counties jointly sent representatives to Parliament. Thus Mr. Hollingsworth, at page 129 of his History of Stoicmarket, states, under date 1581, ‘ This was the first parliament in which two separate members apart from Norfolk were sent from Suffolk.’ And Mr. Page, in his History of Suffolk, says that Sir Edmund de Hemegrave ‘was one of the knights returned to Parliament for the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk in the 46th of King Edward iii.’ But reference to the Parliamentary Return, known as ‘Sir William Fraser’s Return,’ shows that the representation of the two counties was distinct from the beginning. NOTES 255 Page 89. ‘ The burroughs and ports ichich doe send burgesses to the parliament.' Suffolk was well represented in those days, by two knights of the Shire, and fourteen burgesses. We have now but three borough members and five county members; Orford, Dunwich, and Aldborough, as well as Sudbury and Eye, having ‘ gone under,’ and the representation of Bury St. Edmunds having been reduced to one member. As illustrating some constitutional aspects of the historj' of borough representation, and also the manoeuvres of politicians in their en¬ deavours to control it, the statement subjoined, for the use of which I have to thank my cousin, the Rev. Sydenham Hervey, may be not without interest ‘The Case of St. Edmund’s Bury. The Honble. Carr Hervey, Esq., and Aubrie Porter, Esq., sitting members, against Jermyn Davers, Esq., and Gilbert Affleck, Esq., Petitioners. ‘ King James the first by letters-patent in the fourth year of his reign ordained that the Town of St. Edmund’s Bury should be from thenceforth a Free Borough, and thereby incorporated the inhabitants of the said Town by the name of Alderman and Burgesses, and con¬ stituted an Alderman, 12 Capital Burgesses, and 21 Burgesses of the Common Council for the government of that Corporation. ‘And by Charter in the 12th year of his reign he granted that there should be two Burgesses to serve in Parliament for the said Borough, to be elected by the Alderman, 12 Capital Burgesses, and 21 Burgesses of the Common Council, or the majority of them. ‘ In pursuance whereof the Elections and returns thereupon were constantly made by the Alderman, Capital Burgesses, and Burgesses of the Common Council, without any interruption by the Populace upon any pretence whatsoever till the year 1080. ‘ In 1680 some persons (who had a considerable share in the govern¬ ment of that Corporation in the times immediately preceding the year 1660) upon some general notions that all elections by a select number alone were derogatory to the freedom of Parliament (which opinion had indeed received some sort of countenance fi’om a pretended ordinance of the usurping powers about the year 1656), prevailed upon some of the inhabitants to assume to themselves a right of, electing the Burgesses to serve in Parliament; who proceeded thereupon to elect Sir Thomas Cullum and IVIr. Rotheram in opposition to Sir Thomas Hervey and Mr. Jermyn, grandfather to one of the present petitioners, 25G BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK who were elected and returned by the select number alone; whereupon Mr. Rotherani petitioned the then House of Commons, and insisted upon a pretended right of election residing in the Populace; but upon hearing the merits of that petition, ’twas resolved that Sir Thomas Hervej' and Mr. Jermyn were duly elected, as by the Journal of that House doth appear; and the Elections have ever since been accordingly made conformable to that determination without any dispute until this present Election, when the Petitioners insisted that they were elected by some of the Populace of the said Town in opposition to the sitting-members, who were elected and returned by the select number as usual. ‘ So that the single question will be. In whom the right of Election resides, whether in the Freemen and inhabitants of the said To^vn, as is asserted by the petitions, or in the Alderman, Capital Burgesses, and Burgesses of the Common Council, agreeable to the words of the Charter, to constant usage, and the determination abovesaid? ‘Twas formerly objected by Mr. Rotheram’s Councel that there could be no such thing as a right of Election subsisting by Charter; and admitting there could, yet it could not be vested in the governing part of the Corporation alone, exclusive of the Populace. ‘ But to this was opposed, first, Co. 4 Int. 49,2 Rolls Abr. 198, Hob. 14, 15. Secondly, constant and universal experience; and thirdly, the con¬ stitution of two-thirds of the Parliamentary Boroughs in England, who elect at this day in several manners by force of their several Charters. ‘ But ’tis observable that even supposing the truth of what the then petitioner urged, yet no right could result therefrom to the petitioner, for since it can never be proved that we did elect by prescription, and ’tis asserted that we cannot elect by our Charter, the plain consequence of it must be that this Borough has no right to elect members at all, a consequence which would not only divest this Borough of the best of its franchises, but would render precarious the rights of above half the Parliamentary Boroughs in England. ‘Then ’twas objected that Bury sent Burgesses to Parliament by prescription; but there being no evident traces of any such right, they produced an old memorandum or two endorsed only upon some old writs of summons as long ago as the reign of Edward i., wherein men¬ tion is made of the Seneschallus Libertatis Sancti Edmundi, though no elections were ever pretended to be made thereupon. NOTES 257 ‘ But it being plain that the Liberty of St. Edmund was a franchise comprehending 7 Hundreds and an half, entirely distinct from the Borough; that the Steward of that Liberty was not the person to whom the precepts for electing Burgesses to seiwe for this Borough had at any time been directed; nor did ever any Steward of the Liberty (which is an office enjoyed at this day by grant from the Crown) pretend to be the Returning Officer for this Borough ; that piece of evidence was dropped as utterly inapplicable to the dispute then on foot; and according the Alderman is admitted to be the Returning Officer by the present petition. ‘N.B. That St. Edmund’s Bury was not anciently a Town of any considerable note; the Inhabitants were called Homines or Vassall. Sancti Edmundi, and generally belonged to the Abbot, who was a Lord of Parliament; but it began to increase as the Abbey grew great, by wdiose reputation and protection it chiefly subsisted; and this is the reason no mention is made of the Town as a Borough either in Dooms-day Book or any other ancient record. “’Tis therefore humbly insisted upon that the right of electing Burgesses to serve in Parliament for the said Borough depends upon the same common foundation with the rights of the greatest part of the Parliamentary Boroughs in England; which in consequence must be equally aflected by anything which may invalidate the effect of this Charter, or render precarious the right of Election depending there¬ upon, especially since the determination of Parliament has added the highest authority to the privileges of this Corporation.’ The ‘Case’ is well and lucidly stated, and its arguments prevailed. The Election, against which a Petition was lodged, took place in September 1713. A Committee of the House of Commons reported adversely to the Petitioners on April 9, 1714, and the House decided the points at issue, in accordance with the Committee’s Report, on the 7th of the same month. In Sir William Fraser’s Return is to be found this entry, under date 30 Edw. I, (1302)- ‘ Suffolk County, pominus Hugo Pecche. I „ Thomas de Bavent. Bury St. Edmunds Borough, No return made.’ From the same Return it appears that in 1337 (11 Edw. iii.) by writs dated 18th August, the Mayors and Bailiffs of certain towns 2 K 258 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK were directed to send three or four men to the Parliament. For the town of Bury St. Edmunds, the following were elected— Robert de Greswell, Johannes Osborn, Lucas fir Edmundi. The Parliament to which they were returned is not, however, regarded as a regular Parliament. Page 91. ‘ Martiall Government,' Before the century in which Reyce wrote had closed, an event, of which the scene was laid in Suffolk, though the dramatis persona; were not natives of the County, led to the introduction of the first Mutiny Bill. The regiment, which after¬ wards ranked as the first of the line, had been ordered in 1689 to join at Harwich other forces which were being assembled in readiness to cross to the Continent. Lord Macaulay describes the occurrence {History, vol. iii. pp. 38-43): ‘ There was much murmuring, but there was no outbreak till the regiment arrived at Ipswich. There the signal of revolt was given by two captains who were zealous for the exiled king. The market-place was soon filled with pikemen and musketeers running to and fro. Gunshots were wildly fired in all directions. Those officers who attempted to restrain the rioters were overpowered and disarmed. At length the chiefs of the insurrection established some order, and marched out of Ipswich at the head of their adherents. The little army consisted of about eight hundred men. They had seized four pieces of cannon, and had taken possession of the military chest which contained a considerable sum of money. At the distance of half a mile from the town a halt was called; a general consultation was held ; and the mutineers (Scots) resolved that they would hasten back to their native country, and would live and die with their rightful king.’ They marched northwards, and across the fens towards Sleaford, when they were overtaken by King William’s forces and surrendered. ‘ A few of the ringleaders were brought to trial at the next Bury Assizes, and were convicted of high treason, but their liv-es were spared. . . . This event facilitated a change which, it is true, could not have been long delayed, but which would not have been easily accomplished except at a moment of extreme danger. The time had NOTES 259 at length arrived at which it was necessary to make a legal distinction between the soldier and the citizen,’ Same page, ‘•certaine bands of ordinance.' Lord Macaulay cites from Somers’ treatise known as the Balancing Letter, ‘ an anecdote well worthy to be remembered, which had been preserved by tradi¬ tion in the noble house of De Vere’ (of whom we shall hear more from Reyce, pp. 158-167). ‘ One of the most illustrious men of that house, a captain who had acquired much experience and much fame in the Netherlands, had, in the crisis of peril, been summoned back to England by Elizabeth, and rode with her through the endless ranks of shouting pikemen. She asked him what he thought of the army. “ It is,” he said, “a brave army.” There was something in his tone or manner which sho’wed that he meant more than the words expressed. The Queen insisted on his speaking out. “Madam,” he said, “your Grace’s army is brave indeed. I have not in the world the name of a coward; and yet I am the greatest coward here. All these fine fellows are praying that the enemy may land, and that there may be a battle ; and I, who know that enemy well, cannot think of such a battle with¬ out dismay.” ’ Page 92. ‘ August 1599 . . . defence of the Court against secret purposes intended.' This may have had some connection with the failure of Essex to restore order in Ireland, and the suspicions of treachery which attached to him. Page 93, ‘ Mylduall.' This must be read Myldnall, for Mildenhall. Page 94. ‘ limitts of S' Phillip Parker and S' Anthony Wingfeild, knights.' Page 95. ‘ out of the Franchise of Bury another regiment.' In Kirby’s Suffolk Traveller (ed. 1735), I find the following statement regarding the Suffolk militia of that day :— ‘Towards the military defence of the kingdom this County furnishes as its quota to the militia four regiments of foot, the White, the Red, the Yellow, and the Blue, each consisting of six companies. The White is raised in the South part, the Red in the North about Hoxne Hundred, the Blue in the East about Beccles, and the Yellow in the West about Clare. There is one regiment of horse of four troops, each severally carrying the colours of the foot regiment, and belonging to them, being raised in the same parts of the country. The militia is 260 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK under the command of the Lord-Lieutenant of the County, the most noble Charles, Duke of Grafton, being the pi-esent Lord-Lieutenant.’ This was the military organisation maintained under the Act 13 and 14 Charles ii. cap. 3, and other statutes made shortly afterwards. It seems to have roughly corresponded with the Sessional Divisions, following probably the lines of the earlier organisation of the forces of the country, and it may be supposed that the ‘ limitts of Sir Phillip Parker and Sir Anthony "Wingfeild ’ describe the eastern part, as the Franchise does the western part, of the County. From Emm’s Justice of the Peace (ed. of 1758) it appears that, under the regulations of the Militia Acts of Charles ii., towards the total assessn.ent of £70,000 per mensem for England and Wales, Suffolk was made responsible for £3655, 11s. 2d., an amount greater than that of any other contributory area except London, which ranked highest, and Kent, which was assessed equally with Suffolk. Norfolk, Essex, Devon, and Yorkshire were rated at a less considerable figure. Under the new system, introduced in 1757, and attributed to William Pitt, by which the old obligation attaching to individuals in respect of the ownership of property was replaced by fixed quotas imposed upon counties and parishes, out of 32,000 men Suffolk had to find 960—a number equal to that demanded from Norfolk, Essex, Kent, but less than the force supplied by Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Middlesex, Hants, Devon, or the ‘Tower Hamlets.’ Epochs in the history of the constitutional force of the nation are marked by the Assize of Arms, 1181, and the Statute of Winchester, 1285. Subsequent legislation in the reigns of Henry iv., Philip and Mary, and James i. brought it down, in principle, writes Stubbs, to our own times as the militia. (Select Charters, pp. 146-47.) It is noticeable that Reyce makes no mention of the Lord-Lieutenant. It is believed that the Lieutenants of Counties were appointed after, and because of, the rebellion of Kett in Norfolk, in the reign of Edward vi. They came to supersede the Sheriffs in the execution of military power. Page 97. ‘ the generall forces of our Cleargie both on foot and horse backe.' This is a striking testimony to the patriotism of the clergy, and helps us to realise the truth of the boast that ‘ none was for a party, but all were for the state,’ in the great crisis of Elizabeth’s reign. NOTES 261 In far back days another example is recorded of the warlike ardour of the clergy in resisting the assaults of a hated invader. Lappen- berg (vol. ii. p. 34) cites from Ingulphus, with needful hesitation, it is true, a charter of Burhred, King of Mercia, bearing date, it is supposed, of the year 868. The king, alluding to the forces gathered together at Nottingham to expel the Danes, expresses particular gratitude to the clergy for waiving the privilege of exemption from military service granted to them by his father Ethelwulf ‘ Gratias exsolvo speciales omni exercitui meo, maxime tamen viris Ecclesiastis . . . qui . . . contra nefandissimos paganos in Exercitum Domini prompt! et spontanei convenistis.’ We may, perhaps, live to see our parish clergy accompanying the able-bodied men of their flocks on Sunday afternoons, or on other occasions, to rifle practice. The time might be worse spent. Page 98. ‘desa'ipiion of every toicne and village' This, if ever completed by our author, has not come down to us. Page 100. ^The beacons ichich wee haue are these’ The list of the Suffolk beacons is wanting, and I am not able to supply the names of the stations. One at Westleton, near Dunwich, was maintained at the cost of Hoxne Hundred. (See Page’s Suffolk, p. 373.) Beacons, or signal fires, on the coast and on conspicuous positions in the inland country, intended to give notice of the approach of an enemy or other danger, have been used from an early period in England. According to Stow, beacons were set up by Edward ii., when the landing of Mortimer and Queen Isabella was expected. They were regularly used at stated places along the line of the Borders, to give warning of raids of the Scots. Lord Coke says that regular beacons, ‘pitch boxes as they now be,’ were established only after the reign of Edward iir. Inland beacons were erected by the Sheriff at the expense of the country; beacons on the coast were originally under the superintendence of the Lord High Admiral, and subsequently, by 8 Eliz. cap. 13, transferred to the Corporation of Trinity House. {Dictionary of English History, Low and Pulling.) Lord Macaulay, referring in his History of England (vol. 1. p. 290) to the end of Charles ii.’s reign, writes :— ‘ There were still to be seen, on the capes of the sea coast, and on many inland hills, tall posts surmounted by barrels. Once these barrels 2C2 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK had been filled with pitch. Watchmen had been set round them in seasons of danger; and within a few hours after a Spanish sail had been discovered in the Channel, or after a thousand Scottish moss¬ troopers had crossed the Tweed, the signal fires were blazing fifty miles off, and whole counties were rising in arms. But many years had now elapsed since the beacons had been lighted; and they were regarded rather as curious relics of ancient manners, than as parts of a machinery necessary to the safety of the State.’ Page 101. ‘ suppx.pfrum tuu,' i.e. ‘ supra proximum profferum tuum.’ The proffer was the Sheriff s tender of accounts to the Exchequer. Same page. Footnote, ^ See Fuller’s Worthies, 365.’ The footnotes to Reyce’s text are usually, if not always, of later date than the author’s own time. Same ‘ Hertismere et Stone.' I am not able to give any explanation of the words ‘et Stone.’ The Hundred is now called simply Hartismere Hundred. Same jiage. ^Cranle, Coke lingate, Sutton, et Langton,’ i.e, Cranley Hall, Cookley Farm, and Langton Green, near Eye. Sutton I take to be Stuston. Page 102. ‘ Sutton ’ is certainly Stuston here. See the note to p. 125. ‘ Redgrave ’; Reyce should have written ‘ de Sancto Edmondo,’ as also lower down under Palgrave and Woortham. Page 103. 'Pryor de Butler.' In both places the text should be Butlee or Butley. Page 105. ‘ Station ’ is Stutton. Page 106. ‘ Chylminton' is Chelmondiston. Same page. ‘ Hoxon,’ see note to p. 125. Same page. ‘ Weeleberge,' i.e. Wilby. Page 109, ' Blithburgh,’ and page 111, ‘ Bungey.’ These two places had been visited, in Reyce’s younger days, by an awful storm, the ravages of which are mentioned by Stow in his additions to Holinshed, and formed the subject of a special monograph by one Abraham Fleming, a clergyman, who was at one time Rector of S. Pancras, Soper Lane. NOTES 263 It was on Sunday, the fourth of August 1577, so our authorities inform us, that the tempest broke over Blythhurgh during the time of morning service. It ‘strake through the wall of the church into the ground about a yarde depe, draue doune all the people on that side, above twentie persons,’ and after playing most amazing pranks, ‘ fled towards Bongie, a towne six miles off. The people that were striken doune were found groueling more than halfe an houre after, whereof one man more than fortie yeares, and a hole of flfteene yeares old, were found Starke dead; the other were scorched.’ Thus Stow. Mr. Fleming takes up the wondrous tale of the vagaries of the elements, when the hurricane reached Bungay, where, as at Blythhurgh, the parishioners were assembled in church, ‘according to order.’ A palpable prevailing darkness was accompanied by a terrific downpour of rain, and varied at intervals by tremendous ‘flashes of lightning,’ duly followed by appalling ‘cracks of thunder.’ The church seemed to ‘ quake and stagger,’ and the congregation were so frightened ‘ that they were in a manner robbed of their right wits.’ And then ‘there appeared, in a most horrible similitude, a dog, as they might discerne it, of a black colour; the sight whereof, togither with the fearful flashes of fire which then were seene, moved such admiration in the minds of the assemblie, that they thought doomesday was already come.’ ‘The black dog,’ continues the Reverend Mr. Fleming, who had got an opportunity, and meant to use it, ‘ or the divel in such a likenesse . . . passed between two persons, wrung the necks of them bothe at one instant dene backward, in so much that, even at a moment where they kneeled, they strangely dyed.’ Another man got from the black dog such a ‘ gripe on the back that therewith all he was presently drawen togither and shrunk up, as it were a peece of lether scorched in a hot fire.’ Besides this, the ‘ Clark of the said Church was smitten doune,’ and the clock gear was ‘ wrung in sunder and broken to peeces.’ Mr. Fleming adds that the ‘ like thing entred ’ Blythhurgh Church, ‘ where, placing himself uppon a maine balke or beam whereon some (time) ye Rood did stand, sodainly he gave a Swinge doune through ye church, and there also slew two men and a lad, and burned the hand of another person that was there among the rest of the company, of whom divers were blasted.’ Dreadful, indeed 1 and doubtless the storm was of the most violent and destructive character. But the black dog, or ‘ the divel in such a likenesse’? Must we rake up the mysterious arcana of the Knights 2G4 BREVIARY OP SUFFOLK Templars, and the old emblematic superstitions of the Black Dog? In the ‘Churchreeve’s Books’ of Holy Trinity, Bungay, quoted by Mr. Suckling in his Antiquities of the County of Suffolk, vol. i. p. 154, occurs this entry ‘ 1588. Paid a year’s whipping the dogs out of the Church, Is. 4d.’ "Vre must remember that our author himself says that the congrega¬ tion ‘ were in a manner robbed of their right wits.’ Piecing together this natural circumstance and the fact that dogs were, in those days, in the habit of following their masters to church, so that in addition to the offices of churchwarden, sexton, etc., the situation of dog- whipper was of quite common occurrence, we may fairly conclude that the event which seemed to have so dire an import, amounted to no more than this—viz. that some poor terrified dog, seeking, as animals are wont to do in such emergencies, the comfort of human protection, rushed into the church to escape the fury of the elements, and found, on arrival, that the congregation, including vergers, bell¬ ringers, clerk, dog-whipper, and all, were too utterly scared to give the frightened quadruped any solace or help whatever. Page 113. The parishes and manors in Wilford Hundred are mixed up with those belonging to the Hundred of Carlford. ‘Sansham,’ must be what is now called Shottisham. Can the name as given by Eeyce be equivalent to Saintsham? As to Sutton, which may have been the village or hamlet where S. Edmund was first buried, as related by Hermann, see note to p. 125. Page 114. ‘ffaltenham.’ This is meant for Falkenham. Page 115. ‘ Puttier ’ should be Butley. Samex>age. ^Dimidium Hundredide Ixeninge.' Exning, it will be remarked, is here treated as a half-hundred (including the northern part of Newmarket which is properly an adjunct or offshoot of Exning), and tacked on to the list of the hundreds and manors which are not within the Franchise of S. Edmund. Speed (1611) reckons Exning and the Suffolk part of Newmarket in Lackford Hundred, in which they are now included. Mr. Page places Exning and Newmarket in Stow Hundred, pp. 521, 532, 543; but somewhat inconsistently reckons Exning again in Lackford Hundred, pp. 832, 835, without further mention of Newmarket. NOTES 265 Mr. Shoberl mentions that Exning was in the reign of Edward i. a half-hundred of Cambridgeshire, and proceeds—‘Kirby, in his Suffolk Traveller, says that this place with Newmarket is reckoned in the Hundred of Stowe; but the general method which makes this detached district part of the Hundred of Lackford is here adopted ’ (p. 45). In Dr. Yates’s collections now in the British Museum, vol. ii., is preserved a printed notice to the following effect:— ‘ The names of the towns in the several hundreds within the Liberty of Bury St. Edmund’s in the County of Suffolk, of which The Right Honorable Frederick William, Earl of Bristol, is the Chief Steward, who hath the execution and return of all writs within the same.’ Then follow the names of the townships arranged in columns. The table includes— ‘ Bury St. Edmunds, Thingoc. Exning, Lackford, Glemsford, Babergh, Monks Eleigh, Babergh. Newmarket, Lackford. Sudbury, Babergh.' The notice then continues :— ‘Mr. Holmes of Bury St. Edmunds is Deputy Steward of the said Liberty; to whom all attornies and others whom it may con¬ cern are I’equested to send the writs, and they will be Immediately executed.’ In manuscript at the foot of the notice occurs the following memo¬ randum : ‘Exning is by some reckoned i hundred of Stowe, and in Coll; Burien: is said to be in the Libertj' of Ely. Glemsford is also disputed by some.’ The notice is without date, but must be somewhat earlier than 1826. Same page, 'ejusde' should be ‘ ejusdem.’ Page 116. 'Margaretta Regina Anglice.' This was the sister of Philippe le bel, King of France, and second wife of King Edward i. Saynepiage. ‘Comes Oxonij.' This I suppose to have been Robert de Vere, 6th Earl of Oxford, mentioned at page 164. 2l 266 BREVIARY OF SUFFOLK PageWQ. ‘ TT^eslph« < 1 » Wiog«rtilnk/:«lUm: obfjt 111 MkiJ hiiJuofkmiliodoDiD- U1& « aD imnnluiom vt in anllquli ohkrtli hadW ropkrltu/ ol: kino pro. a Johknnk kmul n bond I bolirooiio Ocromr crook- Iota buttono flicbnl »blo. Klisl>otbk flilk ot bcroo quo omnam horoillUtom Wia(- (etidofik nkiHto (n dotom kUttIK. WiHuk IViocofelld miloo. Aifonl on k slfliMbotba dlU band fulwSpkllkof WlncokrfoDI. I HonlpotL Jobco WincrloUd * Bllokhalbkflllkot boiro ThoinkoWingofolId mllaoClIllaaqtiJ miloo Wuo ot Odhnrtf tilknvlllo oura n: opnlonU horoditeU do htroo. mllltU. laotborlnchk ol klibi bkbuil ot Miobkol da 1* Poolo 1 oomoo Suffotdi olrijt Poriaoija. 13 Klionork' W^jj^ollil ohoa IVinfofolbl milok rlr iivMn* = uobiliUUa Intorfull eipatllTooi k^uilkiiia* ol In Aibua prolljo oiiisk oum Ikude Bdwknio prin- dpi nifro laorrviona praosrllni- qaoiuoolobrl pufnnapud |>lebnioa ^leru ron «pt«, cniua toUua oipodlUonlo noU tlilalMml oeripolL knno y9. Ed. R^ 3: 13U. aopulluo kimd Ulborinc- a Manckrilk Alla ol hono a WiHuo C^rbonoll I Wittml iiovUido l.otbo' miloo pfimu* rinfhkni mllllbk inkiTiu, MkrtkrlU Alik ltu(onlo Hkolinn do Blduc In NoHt mllilU aepultk oum marilo apud L«lhoriii(bkm. nomkk Moabrar 8 Ihii Norfolda oblji Voao lUo IXm, 1 mkrituoL folld intlksC; Aliuo. t Hio Jk«M dAo Kobtui Winffoild tnlloa ol Klifkbelba rx: ojiu qnl quidera HuNiu obijt 3 dio Mklj 1400. quorum anlmnbuo proptUotur douo Amen. Kotkuo Wtetofdld do Lolboriu* ’ bom miloo oMIt 11; Hon: 4. 11^. aopulluo apud Lolborincham. -Ktlmbclbk V 'Anna -Mar^rolla onupU HenH< iDlbonina Wli^olld do bolbonn^ikiD Aliuo a Kllmbotb. ol bona SI Hod: M: IMO. Dux Sti|alof Uoor|ij Johanna Gawioli : Thomao SlanloT id Hon; 0;knuo 1 iklon anoo^L rd wi^olldar 0 Winffoild bra ~lilkr||krllk Lo —Kklborlna C, t -Uimliatb*a.« .-Anna 4.0 uptk Ju^f lioajrll arm. lopu U'lttmo Uinndon millti. lupu Jobannl Pratnljn(baiii annltonx t Alian Rj'Ubo. Ricbarduo do Wine rolbl Wanilodonar SAIlua. WANTtSDKN I ol Anthoniuo V 4Aliuo aul lio Al; Tbo; III —Bluabolha Winflcild Alia 1. ■anoU' moeudlo viiyo. — Bli i b tbaWlugfoild Alia S. ooupla Frunoiooo Ildl (on Hnbt. Utuwoo _. .. — Wlnxfeild Alla wardo Btobln^bam k'iDffoild Alias, onupla sAnnaSAIIaoloohoreo —3. IlenrteuoWmcfolld Kllonora Alia RieM eom. Rirtn 3 Alina cticuo cl Ramoburo etrcliota Wltti oiec- woobllor. Slariochall eomiiii Uouobior ■>' —ALiValloraoiVinffnld Caliol]. 1. ox. onupta Ocorgio — IX ThomaalViu^olId 2 Robluo IVingfolUI s T Aliuo In^tlmi- muoonliniaoopal- Koful Ilarlinx t Ilarllng in Norl Sill, r^iou IViHr Cbambcrlaino. erinfliam IdAiAudlo}. Wlngfoild. (olldof U|>U>ii. I l^uanoo 1 „ Honrifluo Aliiuol beroi Winafeild &AI;dui Dorolheam Ah liaeon do Hoipott. Slaru Wlnffoild oou|>ta Wmmo; llano* do (Vro:* tta WInffolbl KoiNrtuo Wuiffoild lU > I onupta JoAl lathcringhain miloo. do VauUo- Abuo ot boroo. 8o- K,::' JoAco M'Inglotlii t Aliuo oiiuoo aaiatuoooloborrluiua oeoubult oxpufnalione Oadlum 1608. OomlU Uaulba. loOup. ;f(dd Ol loaboUam KiehardI Elimbolba JobamiM s Anna Alia ci am- Coelil do Rurglox nupla KoboNa Winifolld i boroo JoAli iUuo In Com: North- Hamiaon do A; Aflua. I Calilbutl do ampton Valioll Karoos. NorlToloia-. Robarum Hon; 8. I llarboUUu Wing- folld do IVanlio- irittuo M'ingfoiM A Aliuo a eoqioro. Hen. 7 oblJt I4M (topulluo apnd hanna^AUa Thamaii ll'aldngrnvo mill. 10 WIngfoild 0 AL «iua> ommua a ^ibuo llou. 7 db olio aaritor ad Rmluoro oum 0 eonfroditur forlitor ooni- r4Jdar:0 Aliuo NadiorilUatm Ifuoifnduo Wingfolb Anna Alla Joliio Brc umfnduoWlugfolld n UlUaboUia Al: ol bei do Bmniham 1 Ai; I Thomat NoviU rt holro. | Uanlabriilgla miliUi Paului Tt'inffoild « Ellmboiha vx: X Al: In navhU began. i*Vlogf«lld a .kp'«x:^IaA,llaU»lcau Uilbort do 3 AL I Will-. cslldlx aiuoa laelilllMlm ] Calioi) i|ul oadm Axil apud K holton In Com: UuuU (So. WW./un «. > Slargarolla Alia ot bom Rkbanli Dunirhxd do Bati. or: ot Johann, oior o]no Al: el bore* dia Rogorl Hanlek tnlllllo dAI RoNua Wl^cild do V]>toii s jillainontU magnl nomlnU ' do CbUton In Com: Bliok: mllillo. Trllonoourl in Com: Lrn« or: ox: Rlxa- bolb: Al: ol bora Pauli Oroobau) ro- Koboniu Wiugfeilil ilo V|iV,u Blliahotho onupta 1: Doruibea a Bdw. Moriooti A, Calihulto Downing doSUnfordlnOora: UdouI: Armlgoro. Blimboiba = Thomao Brocao Al: cl borw PonaU Btooao da Bur mine In Coiu: lioneu aonaiD Allam dAI IHrelOrobrrolle- m Comitic CXntiJ. AnUuD.u*Wing(elldXAla Ctelabngeli^ a Thumao Wlng- folld mlla do Hoo. 3 Aliuo. liargarolla JoM ^inno. Bllmbolha 1 Alla Drufanli ml^ CuijS!!. I Narborougb in Oem; Caroluo Wingfalld ar; Al; ox: Jana Soror Fran- oiod Knolljo mil. aria Wii«- A): Ti: Alia Jaquoo Wlnffoild 3 miiupT*-maanua milituo In llloor- 'MSI a Wingfoild = MargaroUa Alia Thomao Pol- tii^balo do I’bunao Wingfodd do Rlioabolba Alla do KfmbMiej Margarolla 1; Al: onnptoNwboIao liodjn do Cbelmmlon In Udo:B uff. •SKi BIlmLilia liaolniok in Com: NoHf. Joboi Wlnffoild - Bioabotbaffl -imla Wlnffoild Ktadorjek. .belha Wiiif- 1 ooupu (M- o Downiof do Ronruo Wlnffoild • KliialMlbam Aliam Jubio do Duubam mag! I Ooldlng do raulooKol- Al: ol borw I oliamp in Com: Umax Duxil. amlgero. Antbonlu Crioa do ]lroko.llolio. Kalhorina Wlnffoild. Jana 6: AI: onujrtaWmo Oujlgaw do WmIhoIi. ram Allam An* Uiony DonnymO. .)W' Rohtui WloffoUd Kdwi A: lUliu. t Ul WiDffoUd do Rimbol- mlloa f Al: el boroo oxor la Alia Jacobi iUrring- 0 dux: Blimboib Allam Foator do Com: Bboraoum. WingfoUd 1^01 Wi^oOd aoboroa onupta WiDjrfoili 4. ADaol ^iSla*oi* ohorao (nnupta WAL080RAVB OF WALDBORAVB. Ookryn* Wal(l«(i«T« Bv]. s Tbo • da: of m Bdward WaldafibTo « Uabni da: and htin oddoan Hill of 8»itoB In il Edward •lic c aaoJ in tbf x«o tbo »id Maboll dtcoajod Ibt 1 Souls Jmui bOTO goony. Or^l:> 'y y; da s Rob: Ryaoe of pTMlon. Km. Ji •lullcoof Tor- - lobn WaUogtnro of U I Friwi = Anno da. of RoebcoUr ryo Walitomvo Kwi. s Anno da: of S* aoo burlaa nl Bum | RobortDnirrof ): ties: 8c ia«. Hautod K'. S« John. Anthony Wniiant s Franol* da. to S' Rob; Waldofntro s S*da.andeDh( I Bdward NoviU 8* md. of Foolor of K* 1 non. Byrdi. Hlo Jaoot Jobs Waldoyra** annitor Aliui at horoo Bdnardi Waldofm** iMbelll ul; Sua ool nui- don Jobos ohm 8 dio Ooiohna Anno du IMf. oulua animat prot>lllelur drua. Amon. WaldifiniN Orata imt Anlmalnia titotyil Wal.locrax anninn ftUi ot horodia Wlttmi Waldaynva mUiUa, ol Amm nuata lyolua tioatwII irolaa fUlarum HoharU Dnn mlUtta, i)«IOaomiia obl)ta>tla JuUI Anno Obi l5iA <}uorain aarinabua piocilUaliir douo. Hil^m ooiiulro, •__.. Aucual IS81. aM Mary Fnnota hla wlfo diod tbo >1 Movombor 160L leavinx babind Ibain & aona. that ia to ar—tVllitam. Riobanl. GooTfo, Bdvard and Bdmooil, wbteb Uary Fmou oauaad thia alona to b(« mado by bar txooulor. In lUtcbam A’bureb. = Aboil of Cooks Anna Waldayrara. a of 8* Han^ Jarmlnghan IV of Daotxitbct )&M. and lafi of OooMy, Kolfht. livinconaaonaiullhroo daDfhtanoovhoaa Souls Jaau' hatrijioroy. And tbt sld R' W- Wald««inva diad a Coom tValdarrara of m Mary Fiaoaia mtoham, Altomay of H' Rlob: ( belt, Knlfbi. da: rh&Ui a il U»lgluua%tri’. Kdvard Waldt fatda^ao • Jane da: of Aokwortb 8'Will: Wald- UmthltO: II TTilitun I s Blisbatb .U; of >b: Wall i'^dagn** — bUrgaratt da: of Knigbla. aftar many boambla aw- aieaa in tba LowCountris. died at .Salultury In tha ^“caiida^d*B I: BdvanI Wyatt B«|. >: Walter Mild- lollingatad of IU«ila0 Winool John Waldagmao r Will: \Wldifim»« ot Smalhndge K* bi Waldoinya of Mary <* da; and Thomaain 1: da: = W** Kemp. I eohoirr of John HaaMbatiD.l Moor* Porttnan of C'biahartcr. of Ijiawteb. KllMlMdl*' 0 godly 1: KbsUMh ahtor to 8' Roto lyatb buriatl S' W> Waidagrura k«. i Tbonaa Mildmay, KlUabalh hia vtfa «ho liaad togathar dl«d IMI. and waa marriaga f I ytaraia and had Uaue 0 oona ana a buncti at Buara. daughUra, Ibe sid Blimbatb darnriad tbia Ufa t: CfiMU lia: of tba Lord tbo 10 ot May 1081. and tbo lalil 8’ W* WM- Pigolt, d. without dagrara tbui far on tbo tomba iaua Mtt up In tbo life tima of S' AV* Waldagrara BUmLui. S' Cbariw Uaudya K'. Ainy 1: da: died an infant BUaLiby taaae Atbalor of Anne a Lwa>« bfi l;da Norfolk, fan, yda. of fim» if Anne a L«w>* bfunnoeka DilmU a Tbo Kaigblay in Margarait a W* Olopton blwnrdWaldwnTO ofCrotlon. oflAwfwdfaq. Marr»‘aTbo: Clop ip widow of S' Rlob: Bingham. 1; Blimbatb da. and liairo ot AvanalL -1 I 1 I It Tbo: Baekfug- Tbomaa bam. Watlar BdwMd Anna Waldafnvo a S' line Drury Knigbt Duke University Libraries □00959469% «* ^4 .. f f i i I