Iff | L utfaiogecf £ itC *rV; v *i t * • . /.? , ''*? % ■ * S' " y ' » • Ifg :;■;' GENERAL S. M. JACKSON 1862 tw/il CT Cataloged Pampbiet Co flection Duke University Library y ? i . General S. M. Jackson and His Horse “Frank.” Photographed at Falmouth, Va., May 24, 1862 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/diaryofgeneralsmOOjack DIARY OF GENERAL S. M. JACKSON The following Diary was kept by General, then Lieu- tenant Colonel, S. M. Jackson, for the year 1862, and was discovered among his papers after his death. It was kept in a small pocket account book and is therefore very brief. He appears to have abandoned the practice of keeping a diary after this year, as none has been found for the other two years of his service. The Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserves, (40th Penna. Infantry) which General Jackson had the honor to com- mand during the major portion of his service, was one of the fighting regiments of the Civil War. Out of a total enrollment of 1179 the losses in killed and wounded were 681; and of the more than two thousand regiments that composed the Union Armies it stands eighth in maximum percentage of losses to its enrollment. The following short history of the regiment is taken from the work of William F. Fox, entitled “Regimental Losses in the American Civil War.” “The Eleventh sustained the heaviest loss of any regi- ment in the Pennsylvania Reserves, while its percentage of loss is among the largest of any in the War. It was recruited in Western Pennsylvania, and arrived July 26th, 1861, at Washington, where it was assigned to the Second Brigade, which was then commanded by General Meade. At Gaine’s Mill, the Eleventh held its position in the face of a terrible fire until the other troops had been forced to fall back, when, being surrounded by the enemy, it was obliged to surrender. Company “B” was detailed on fatigue duty just before the fight commenced, and thus escaped the fate of their comrades. The captured men and officers were exchanged August 5th, rejoining the Army before it left the Peninsula. Resuming their place in the First Corps, the Reserves took part in the battles of Manassas and South Mountain. When they entered the field at Antietum, the Eleventh had less than 200 men in line. Some recruits w r ere obtained and some of the wounded returned, so that it went into action at Fred- ericksburg with 394 officers and men, of these 211 were killed or wounded in this battle. After a few months of needed rest at Washington the Reserves were assigned to the Fifth Corps, in which command they served at Gettysburg and in the Wilderness campaigns. The Eleventh was relieved from duty May 30th, 1864, and ordered home for muster-out, the recruits having been transfered to the 190th Pennsylvania Regiment.” John H. Jackson, September 30, 1925. Apollo , Penna. [ 4 ] Diary of General S. M. Jackson For the Year 1862 Wednesday, Jan. 1, 1862 Lying in Camp Pierpont, Virginia. Ordered up at 5 o’clock A. M. expecting an attack from the enemy. Detailed as field officer of the day for the left flank of pickets for Jan. 2nd, '62. Weather warm and pleasant through the day. Became stormy in the evening. Wind blew N. W. Thursday, Jan. 2, 1862 On picket at Balls House. Reprimanded by General Meade very unjustly for having property destroyed. Night clear and cold. Signal rockets seen in direction of the enemy. Friday, Jan. 3, 1862 Built cabin for winter quarters. Day cold and wintery. Saturday, Jan. 4, 1862 Finished cabin for winter quarters. Day ruff and cold. Snowed in forenoon. Sunday, Jan. 5, 1862 All quiet in camp. Rev. Torrance of New Alexandria, Westmoreland Co., Pa., preached to the soldiers at 2 o’clock P. M. Commenced snowing about dark. Monday, Jan. 6, 1862 About two inches of snow on the ground. All quiet along our lines. Received three letters from home in- forming me of the marriage of cousin Mary J. McCartney. Tuesday, Jan. 7, 1862 All day in camp. Everything quiet. Weather very cold. Some talk of an advance. Wednesday, Jan. 8, 1862 Received orders to attend a survey of commissary goods. [ 5 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Board to consist of Col. Magilton of the 4th, Lt. Col. Jackson of the 11th and Cap’t Henderson of the 7th Reg’t. Received orders in the evening that I was de- tailed as field officer of the pickets. Thursday, Jan. 9, 1862 On picket at Balls House. Day pleasant. Night wet and disagreeable. Quartered with Company H. 7th Regiment. Friday, Jan. 10, 1862 Came in from picket. Roads very muddy. Slept a good part of the day. Sent in a pass from camp for twenty-four hours. Saturday, Jan. 11, 1862 Went to Washington. Drew three hundred and fifty dollars of my pay. Day mild. Roads very muddy. Went to Mr. Cunninghams, Georgetown, to stay all night. Sunday, Jan. 12, 1862 At Mr. Cunninghams, Georgetown. Went to the camp of the 4th Penna. Cavalry to see some old friends. Returned to Camp Pierpont in the evening. Weather warm. Roads muddy. Monday, Jan. 13, 1862 All quiet along our lines. The day became very stormy and cold. Pay Master came to camp in the evening. Companys G, H and I received their pay. Tuesday, Jan. 14, 1862 Fine sleighing snow on the ground. Pay Master paid the balance of the Regiment. Heard of the resignation of Simon Cameron, Secy. of War, and the appointment of Edwin M. Stanton. A good deal of surmising in camp about the resignation of Cameron. Day cold and ruff. Wednesday, Jan. 15, 1862 Rained all day, snow nearly gone, camp very slushy and disagreeable. Ordered on picket on the right flank for the 16th inst. Reported to General Reynolds. [ 6 ] General S. M. Jackson Thursday, Jan. 16, 1862 On picket at the pike, had command of four companies one from the 3d Regt., one from the 6th and two from the 8th Regt. One the Kittanning Company, Captain Henry. Day clear, night cold. Friday, Jan. 17, 1862 Returned from picket, roads getting very muddy. Found two letters from home on my return. Slept most of the afternoon. Met Capt. Wilkison, Chester Davis and McRea of Blairsville in camp. Came out on a visit. Saturday, Jan. 18, 1862 All quiet along the lines. Camp very muddy. Re- ceived a letter from S. G. Thompson, Coulters Regiment from Annapolis, Md. Sunday, Jan. 19, 1862 Mud! Mud! Mud! Nothing but mud. Went to hear Rev. Torrence preach in the evening. Monday, Jan. 20, 1862 All quiet along our lines. Received glorious news from Kentucky. General Zollicoffer killed. Col. Gal- lagher leaves for home on furlough. Tuesday, Jan. 21, 1862. All quiet. Ordered a court martial for the trial of John Alt and others of Company K. Capt. Porter, Lt. Coder and Lt. Jackson on court. Lt. McCoy, Judge Advocate. Wednesday, Jan. 22, 1862 The news of the glorious victory in Kentucky confirmed. George Hays of Pittsburgh, visits us. Weather con- tinues soft, roads very muddy. Thursday, Jan. 23, 1862 Nothing new in camp. Visited by I. Stewart of In- diana. The Regimental court tried the case of Private John Alt of Co. K. Took one-half months pay from him. Camp continues very muddy. [ 7 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Friday, Jan. 24, 1862 All quiet along our lines. The court having finished the business brought before it, adjourned. The findings of the court were read on Dress Parade. Received several letters from home. Commenced raining at dark. Saturday, Jan. 25, 1862 Some snow on the ground, turned in warm and became slushy toward night. No war news worthy of note. Sent in the report of the “Recitation” for the week. Received orders from Headquarters to prevent the smuggling of liquor into our camp. Sunday, Jan. 26, 1862 Morning cold, mud completely frozen up. No war news worthy of note. Wrote a letter to my wife, also one to my brother. Received a letter from home by the hand of Hugh Forbes, informing me of the ill health of mother. Monday, Jan. 27, 1862 Received orders from Headquarters to expend 40 rounds of ball cartridge at target practice and report the result each evening to Brigade Headquarters. Morning cold, afternoon soft. Had Messrs. Porter, Long and Spier at dinner. Tuesday, Jan. 28, 1862 All quiet along our lines. Companies E, F and G came in from picket. Reported the result of target practice to Headquarters. A fight in Company K between John Alt and Bill Morrison. Wednesday, Jan. 29, 1862 Nothing new in camp, rained all day, mud worse than ever. Thursday, Jan. 30, 1862 Stable fell down upon our wagon horses in the morning at 5 o’clock, two of them killed. Sam Bovard visits us from the 13th Penna. Regt. Col. Rowleys Board of Ap- praisers meet at the Headquarters on appraising of the horses. [ 8 ] General S. M. Jackson Friday, Jan. 31, 1862 Nothing new in camp. Visited by James Cunningham of Livermore, and Robert Cunningham of Georgetown. Officers convene for recitation. Lesson, the manual of arms. Received two letters from home. Weather warm and muddy. Saturday, Feb. 1, 1862 Weather soft, camp very muddy. No news of import- ance from Burnsides, Hallack, or Buell. News of an attack upon Savannah by General Sherman. All quiet along the Potomac. Sunday, Feb. 2, 1862 All quiet in camp. The ground frozen. No war news of importance. Monday, Feb. 3, 1862 Morning cold. Commenced snowing about 9 o’clock A. M., fell to the depth of 3 inches, turned soft in the evening. Commenced raining about dusk. Tuesday, Feb. 4, 1862 Cold, more snow. Went with Dr. DeBenneville to Division Hospital to have some false reports settled up in reference to the character of the Doctor. Got the matter settled. Officers met for recitation. Night cold. Wednesday, Feb. 5, 1862 Morning cold. Sent in the report of target practice for the 4th inst. Companies ordered out today on parade. Day warm and pleasant. Heavy cannonading in the direction of Alexandria. Col. Gallagher returned. Dick Jack died. Thursday, Feb. 6, 1862 All quiet in camp, day warm and soft, camp muddy. Received orders in the evening that I was detailed as field officer for the left flank of picket for the 7th inst. Friday, Feb. 7, 1862 On picket at Balls House, nothing new along the line. [ 9 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Cameron Dragoons came in with 13 rebel prisoners, took them in the neighborhood of Fairfax Court House. Sent in furlough. Saturday, Feb. 8, 1862 Received cheering news from Hallack. Fort Henry taken. The Stars and Stripes waving in Tennessee, bully for Commodore Foote. Day cold and frosty. Re- ceived a letter from home, all well there. Sunday, Feb. 9, 1862 The victory at Fort Henry, Tennessee, confirmed. All quiet on the Potomac. Monday, Feb. 10, 1862 Day very pleasant, nothing new along our lines. Sadly disappointed by not getting my furlough, hope it may come tomorrow. Tuesday, Feb. 11, 1862, All quiet along our lines. Day cold, commenced snow- ing about noon. Officers met for general recitation. Wednesday, Feb. 12, 1862 Day warm and pleasant, roads very muddy. Glorious news from Burnsides. Roanoke Island in our possession. Received leave of absence for ten days. Thursday, Feb. 13, 1862 Left camp, early in the morning for home. Stopped at Cunningham’s in Georgetowm. Left Washington at 5 o’clock P. M. Friday, Feb. 14, 1862 Steaming over the Alleghenies homeward bound. Ar- rived at Pittsburgh at 2 P. M. At home at 11 P. M. Great rejoicing upon my arrival. Saturday, Feb. 15, 1862 Visited my old homestead, found mother and all my friends well. A great anxiety to hear from all in camp. [ 10 ] General S. M. Jackson Sunday, Feb. 16, 1862 At home, went to hear the Rev. Delo preach ; heard a very good sermon, saw many of my old friends. Monday, Feb. 17, 1862 Went out to mothers to meet Lt. Mills of Co. G, who is home on sick leave. Saw him, and returned to town in the evening. Tuesday, Feb. 18, 1862 In town all day. Received news of hard fighting at Fort Donaldson, Tennessee, battle commenced on Thurs- day the 13th, and is still raging. Settled in full with W. C. Bovard, and lifted our note. Wednesday, Feb. 19, 1862 Received the glorious news of the surrender of Fort Donaldson. 15,000 prisoners taken. Buckner, Johnson and Pillow in our possession. Heavy losses on both sides. Thursday, Feb. 20, 1862 The news of our success at Fort Donaldson confirmed. Floyd and Pillow escaped. Visited my sister, Mrs. Martin. Day cold and disagreeable. Friday, Feb. 21, 1862 Remained in Apollo during the forenoon. Went to Mrs. Smiths for dinner with Lt. Cline by invitation of Mrs. Smith. Visited my mother to bid her adieu before leaving, and likewise my Uncle James and family. Saturday, Feb. 22, 1862 In Apollo until 12 M. Bid farewell with my wife and little daughter. Felt very sorry on parting with them. Left town in company with Capt. Speer, Miss Kuhn and my brother James. Reached Pittsburgh about 7 P. M. Witnessed the grand torch light procession. All night at Mr. Hayes. Sunday, Feb. 23, 1862 Went to hear Rev. Wilson preach in company with Mrs. Hays, Mr. Hays and William. Met Doc Herron [ 11 ] Diary for the Year 1862 who had just returned from the army on the Potomac. Left Pittsburgh for Washington at 4 P. M. Monday, Feb. 24, 1862 Arrived in Washington city about 10 o’clock A. M. in company with Senator Cowen and Capt. Herron. Terrible storm, houses, etc., blown down. Reached camp about dark. All well in camp save great excitement oc- casioned by the storm. Tuesday, Feb. 25, 1862 Morning very cold. News of another victory at Win- ton, North Carolina. Also the news that our forces had taken Nashville, Tennessee. Detailed for picket on the 26th inst. Reported to Gen. Meade for orders. Wednesday, Feb. 26, 1862 Morning clear and cold. Marched to picket at Balls House. Night wet and cold. Thursday, Feb. 27, 1862 Returned to camp. Received marching orders, officers to have no baggage transported. Received the news that Banks was repulsed. Troops moved up from Washington. Friday, Feb. 28, 1862 Day cold and stormy. Went out for inspection at 9 o’clock. Inspected the arms of the regiment, became very tired of my job. Gen. Meade mustered the regiment for pay in the afternoon. Received the news that Banks had crossed the Potomac. Saturday, March 1, 1862 Morning cold. All quiet in camp. Good news from Tennessee. Gen. Buell’s forces encircle the enemy. No news f^om home. Sunday, March 2, 1862 Morning pleasant. The success of Gen. Banks con- firmed. Commenced snowing about 1 o’clock P. M. Received orders to make out new muster rolls. Engaged [ 12 ] General S. M. Jackson all evening in complying with this order. Night wet and dismal. Monday, March 3, 1862 Morning wet and disagreeable. Received the intelli- gence of the death of General Landez. Marched the regiment to the Chain Bridge and back in the afternoon. Received notice that I was detailed as field officer for the left flank. Tuesday, March 4, 1862 On picket on the right flank. Morning cold, day be- came pleasant. 15 or 18 rebels seen at Peacocks on Diffi- cult Creek. Night very dark and dreary. Wednesday, March 5, 1862 Morning cold. All quiet in camp. Company K holds an election for 2d Lieutenant. Elected Orderly Butler. Regiment marched in the afternoon to the Chain Bridge and back. Thursday, March 6, 1862 Morning pleasant. Received the news of the evacua- tion of Columbus by enemy, and of it’s occupation by our troops. The regiment marched to Difficult Creek and back. Evening pleasant. Friday, March 7, 1862 All quiet along our lines. Day cold. Marched to Difficult Creek and back in the afternoon. No war news of importance. Officers met for recitation. Saturday, March 8, 1862 Morning cold. No news of importance. General Meade excuses the regiment from going to Difficult Creek. The regiment goes out on drill at 1 o’clock P. M. Had a long and satisfactory drill. Borrowed 30 dollars from R. G. Armstrong. Received two letters from home. All well. Sunday, March 9, 1862 Morning pleasant. Received the news of Col. Gary’s entrance in to Leesburg, the enemy fled before him. [ 13 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Visited by Lt. Righter of Col. Black’s regiment. Evening very pleasant. Monday, March 10, 1862 Morning wet. Received orders to move immediately. Left Camp Pierpont at 12 o’clock. Moved on a forced march. Camped at Hunters Mills 15 miles from Pier- pont. The rebel pickets fled before us. Many of our men dropped out on march. Tuesday, March 11, 1862 Morning clear and cold. Sent out Companies A, B, C on picket. Took a position a little in rear of our camp. Received the news of General McDowell’s division oc- cupying Centerville. The enemy fled before our troops. Reported evacuation of Manassas. Boys all stout and hearty. Detailed as field officer of the pickets. Wednesday, March 12, 1862 On picket. Eat dinner and supper at . Went to Flint Hill. Saw General Brooks. Heard of the Man- assas evacuation by the rebels. The soldiers rejoicing over the news. Night pleasant. Thursday, March 13, 1862 Returned from picket. Relieved by Lt. Col. Todd. Reported verbally to General Meade. Received orders to drill the regiment at 9 and 2 o’clock. 2 of the boys in Company G arrested for stealing. Friday, March 14, 1862 Morning cool. Received orders to be prepared to move on the shortest notice. Drilled the regiment at 9 o’clock. Received orders to move immediately. Left camp at 6 o’clock P. M. Marched 6 miles on the Alexander Pike. Encamped for the night at Stulls Mills. Night cold and drizzling rain. Slept at house. Saturday, March 15, 1862 Left camp at 7 o’clock A. M. Rained all day. Marched 18 miles. Encamped at 5 o’clock P. M. The men wet and tired. Night cold and wet. Our men suffer severely [ 14 ] General S. M. Jackson from rain and cold. Sat by a camp fire in the rain all night, without closing an eye. Sunday, March 16, 1862 Left camp at 10 o’clock A. M. Marched through Falls Church village. Great Union demonstration by the ladies. Reached Alexandria at 5 o’clock P. M. En- camped miles south of the city. Night cold. The hills covered with troops. Monday, March 17, 1862 Had breakfast at Mrs. Camps. All bustle and con- fusion about the camps. General Heintzelman’s Division embarked. Went to Headquarters to have a requisition for clothing signed. Received the General’s permission after some coaxing. Night cold. Visited by Captain Herron. Tuesday, March 18, 1862 Morning cool, day pleasant. Heard of Burnside’s vic- tory at Newburn. Hard work to keep our men out of the city. The regiment required to drill twice a day. Wednesday, March 19, 1862 All quiet along the lines. The transports return from taking out Heintzelman. Expect to get off soon. Visited by Hon. John Covode and Lady. Thursday, March 20, 1862 Morning wet, and rained on us all night. Our camp in a miserable condition. Rained all day. Soldiers nearly drowned. No prospects of a move. Soldiers complaining of their condition. Our beds and clothing all wet, many of us suffering with cold. Friday, March 21, 1862 Morning wet. Great complaining among the soldiers. No news of importance. Still fighting on Island No. 10. Received a letter from home. All well. Wrote to Mrs. Jackson. Saturday, March 22, 1862 Morning wet. No news of importance. No indication [ 15 ] Diary for the Year 1862 of a move. Still fighting at Island No. 10. Received orders to draw whiskey for the soldiers. Sunday, March 23, 1862 Morning Pleasant. General Smith’s Division leaves. No war news at all this day, no papers came to camp, Received a notice that I was detailed on a general Court Martial to convene on the 24th inst., at Division Head- quarters. Monday, March 24, 1862 Morning cold. Attended the General Court Martial. Court consists of Gen’l Ord, Cols. Simons, Tigert and Magiller ; Lt. Col’s. Mclntire, Jackson and Kirk ; Majors Woolruff and Snodgrass. Tried three cases of little im- portance. Tuesday, March 25, 1862 Court met at 9 o’clock A. M. Tried two cases. Capt. Henry and Lt. Murray. Court adjourned to attend the review of Geneal McDowell’s Corps. Review at 2 o’clock P. M. 35,000 soldiers reviewed by General McDowell. Wednesday, March 26, 1862 Court met at 9 o’clock A. M. Tried five commissioned officers of the 12th Regiment P. R. V. C. for absence without leave. Court adjourned sine die at 5 o’clock P. M. Visited by Mr. Cunningham, Miss Georgia and Miss Annie Cunningham. The evening pleasant. No news of importance. General Keys Corps leaves for the south. Thursday, March 27, 1862 Morning pleasant. No news of importance. Visited by members of Company B, 56th Reg’t P. V. Fine regi- mental drill in the afternoon. General King’s Division reviewed by General McDowell. Friday, March 28, 1862 All quiet along the lines. The 103rd Penna. Regiment encamps handy to our quarters. No prospects of a move. Full report of the battle of Winchester. [ 16 ] General S. M. Jackson Saturday, March 29 , 1862 Morning cold. No news of importance. Commences to snow about noon. The afternoon very ruff. Snowed all evening. Visited by Hon. John Covode and Senator Shandaler of Michigan. No indications of a move. Sunday, March 30 , 1862 Morning wet. Snow pretty nearly melted away. No news of importance. The boys bring in tents to shelter them from the storm. The Col. complains a little, but shows no definite resistance to their actions. Went with Major Hugus to Mr. Camp’s to stay all night. Lay on the floor. Rained all night. Vivid lightning. Monday, March 31 , 1862 Morning pleasant. No news of importance. Left Major Hugus at Mr. Camp’s. Gov. Curtin visits the Reserve Corps. General McClellan leaves for the south. Word of the Paymaster coming. Evening cool. Tuesday, April 1 , 1862 Morning pleasant. Received a letter from Wm. Kirk- wood informing me of confinement of my wife and of the birth of a daughter. The resignation of Major Litzinger accepted. Great preparations for a move. Anticipate a move tomorrow or the next day. Wednesday, April 2 , 1862 Morning clear and pleasant. Received two letters from home. Friends all well save Martha, who is fast recovering. No war news of importance. Expecting our Paymaster every hour. Long drill in the afternoon. General Harney passes through our camp. Thursday, April 3 , 1862 All quiet. Paymaster not yet arrived. Day very beauti- ful. No definite indication of a move. Boys becoming very restless and tired of our inactivity. Friday, April 4 , 1862 All quiet. Col. Gallagher goes to Washington. Long [ 17 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Regimental in the forenoon. One Brigade of General Franklin’s Division goes to Manassas. We expect to leave in a few days. Sent in a pass for 24 hours to visit Washington. Saturday, April 5, 1862 Morning wet. Went to Washington. Saw the Pay- master. Baffled in receiving my money. Got a check for it, but to late to get the boat. Went to Georgetown to stay all night. Sunday, April 6, 1862 Morning very pleasant. Left Washington for Alexan- dria at 2 o’clock P. M. Saw Generals McDowell and Wadsworth leave for Budds Ferry. Arrived at camp at 4 o’clock P. M. An election ordered for Major. Monday, April 7, 1862 Morning cold. Officers met to nominate a candidate for Major. Failed to make a nomination. Commenced snowing. Day very disagreeable. No war news of im- portance. Reported General McClellan was fighting at Yorktown. Johns appears to be ahead for Major. Tuesday, April 8, 1862 Morning very wet and disagreeable. Snow nearly all melted away. Johns elected Major by 50 majority over Porter. The returns disagreed to by General Meade on account of not receiving a majority of all the votes cast. Received orders to move on tomorrow. Good news from Island No. 10 and Yorktown. Wednesday, April 9, 1862 Morning cold and wet. Island No. 10 capitulated. Com. Foote in possession of the Island. Settled in full with J. T. Way & Co., Hendy & Harris, and Riegel Barra & Co., Philadelphia. Received orders to draw whiskey rations for the men. First Brigade ships for Manassas. Thursday, April 10, 1862 Morning clear. Snow melting away very fast. Re- ceived an account of our great victory at Pittsburgh Land- r 18 1 General S. M. Jackson ing. General Johnson killed. Beauregard wounded and the army completely routed. Union loss in killed, wounded and missing 10,000. Rebel loss 15,000. Re- ceived orders at 1 1 o’clock P. M. to march the next morn- ing at 6 o’clock. Friday, April 11, 1862 Morning pleasant. Left camp at 6 o’clock A. M. By the way of the South River Turnpike. Passed through Fairfax. Much disappointed by the size and appearance of the place. Town small and dilapidated. Rebel fortifi- cations a farce. Encamped 3 miles beyond Fairfax. Night pleasant. Saturday, April 12, 1862 Struck tents at 6 o’clock. Came in sight of Centerville Fort at 9 o’clock. Passed through Centerville. Rebel dead horses strewn along the road. Stopped for dinner on the Bull Run battle field. Reached Manassas at 2 o’clock P. M. Encamped % mile beyond Manassas. Sunday, April 13, 1862 Morning very pleasant. Many of the men go to visit the Bull Run battle field. Wrote a letter to my wife. Went out in the afternoon to examine the rebel fortifica- tions etc. Saw two rebel graveyards. One with two hundred graves. Lt. Watman, of Meade’s staff, has his horse stolen by a rebel. Monday, April 14, 1862 Morning wet. Moved our camp % mile south, to a ridge of woodland. No papers this day from Washing- ton. Put on a Board of Survey with Captain Thomas of the 3rd Reg’t and Captain Henderson of the 7th. Con- demned a lot of beans and ox tongues. Put our camp in good order. No news from Yorktown. Tuesday, April 15, 1862 Went out on picket. Established our line about l 1 ^ miles from camp, in sight of Bladensburgh. Took dinner, supper and breakfast at Mr. Carroll’s. [ 19 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Wednesday, April 16, 1862 Morning pleasant. Returned from picket at Mr. Car- roll’s. Reported verbally to General Meade. Ordered out on Brigade drill at 2 o'clock P. M. Received the Philadelphia morning papers at 5 o’clock P. M., which contained the news of the fall of Fort Pulaski, and it’s possession by our troops. Received a letter from home. Thursday, April 17, 1862 Morning pleasant. Held an election for Major. Can- didates Capt. Porter and Adj’t Johns. Johns elected by 124 majority. Received orders to march at 6 o’clock A. M. on the 18th inst. Friday, April 18, 1862 Morning pleasant. Left camp at 6 o’clock. Marched on the line of the railroad. Stopped for dinner at 12 M. Men tired and worn down. Stopped at 3 o’clock P. M. at Catletts Station. Encamped for the night. Saturday, April 19, 1862 Morning pleasant. Paymaster commences to pay off the troops. Major Litzinger came to camp, looks bad. Commences to rain. Ordered out on picket. Left camp at 4 o’clock. Crossed Cedar Creek. Men waded the creek. Night very disagreeable. Sunday, April 20, 1862 On picket at Cluffs House. Rained all day. Col. Hays general officer of the day. Several contrabands came in all breaking for the north. Relieved at 5 o’clock P. M. by Lt. Col. Thompson of the 3rd Regiment. Monday, April 21, 1862 Morning wet. Major Ball finishes the payment of the Regiment. The mail leaves for Washington and the north. First mail for one week. Major Litzinger leaves for home. Day very w r et. [ 20 ] General S. M. Jackson Tuesday, April 22, 1862 Morning clear and pleasant. Clouded up about 9 o’clock A. M. Balance of the day showery. Company B still out on picket, being unable to cross Cedar Creek. Lt. McCoy appointed Adjutant. Bull Run bridge swept away by the flood. Our railroad communications cut off from Alexandria and Washington. Evening wet. Wednesday, April 23, 1862 Morning pleasant. No war news of importance. Wrote a letter to my wife. Sent it by E. G. Stitt. Detailed as General Officer of the Pickets. Reported to General McCall for instructions. Thursday, April 24, 1862 Morning cool. Relieved Col. Roberts on picket. Made my headquarters at Mr. Weavers. Commenced to rain in the evening. Night cold and wet. Friday, April 25, 1862 Morning wet. Cedar Creek very high. Relieved by Lt. Col. Anderson of the 9th Reg’t. 1st Brigade ordered to march to Fredericksburg. The move postponed on ac- count of the rise in Cedar Creek. No war news of im- portance. Reported to General McCall at 12 o’clock. No mail since the 16th inst. Saturday, April 26, 1862 Morning pleasant. 1st Brigade ordered to march to Fredericksburg. Leaves camp at 1 o’clock P. M. Expect to march on tomorrow. Visited by Adj’t Uncapher and Captain Cook, of the 11th Penna. Volunteers. No letters from home for ten days. Boys becoming uneasy about our mail. Sunday, April 27, 1862 Morning clear and cold. Received our mail from the north. Friends all well at home. Wrote a long letter to my wife, and also one to my brother James. Dress Parade at 6 o’clock P. M. Regiment looked well. [ 21 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Monday, April 28, 1862 Received orders to march by 8 o’clock A. M. Day clear and pleasant. Marched through a beautiful valley in the forenoon. Came to the Rappahannock hills about 2 o’clock P. M. Roads very bad. Encamped at 3 o’clock. Went out on picket at night. Tuesday, April 29, 1862 Struck tents at 5 o'clock A. M. 11th Reg’t on the right. Day pleasant. Traveled through a fine country. Reached Falmouth at 4 o’clock P. M. Marched through the town. Encamped 2 miles outside town. Marched 23 miles this day. Rebel pickets in sight on the south side of river. Wednesday, April 30, 1862 Morning wet. Day quiet in and about our camp. No war news of importance. The boys all busily engaged in clearing off our camp ground. Troops mustered for pay. Thursday, May 1, 1862 Morning wet. The news of the surrender of New Orleans to our forces confirmed. Great rejoicing among our men. No news of importance from Yorktown. Day became very pleasant. Friday, May 2, 1862 Morning fine and pleasant. Went to visit Falmouth and Fredericksburg. Saw the bridges that were burned by the rebels, three in number. Had a beautiful view of the city. Every thing about it looks dead, save a few ladies flirting around on the streets. Received a letter from home. Gerty sick. Saturday, May 3, 1862 Morning very pleasant. On picket at Lees House. Had dinner and supper at Mr. Lees. Day warm. No war news of importance this day. Remained with the Captain of Co. H, 7th Regiment all night. Sunday, May 4, 1862 Morning beautiful. Returned from picket at Lees [ 22 ] General S. M. Jackson House. Reached camp at 10 o’clock A. M. Visited by Captain Herron of the 4th Penna. Cavalry. Went with him to his camp. Met Captain Young, Captain Connor, Captain Gallop and Lt. Robinson. Received a dispatch informing us that the rebels were leaving Yorktown. Monday, May 5, 1862 Morning pleasant. 3rd Brigade came in. Put on Board of Inspection with Major Woolworth and Captain Speed to examine some clothing issued in the Brigade. General McDowell and staff goes over to Fredericksburg. Yorktown ours. General McClellen pursues the rebels. Tuesday, May 6, 1862 Morning wet. Six men of Company G come up from hospital at Alexandria. The news of the evacuation of Yorktown confirmed. Heavy skirmishing with the enemy’s rear at Williamsburg. Wednesday, May 7, 1862 Morning cool. Visited by Captain Herron of the 4th Penna. Cavalry. Rumored in camp that Beauregard had surrendered his forces to General Halleck. Needs con- firmation. The rebels make an obstinate stand at Wil- liamsburg. McClellan pushes them hard. Thursday, May 8, 1862 Morning pleasant. No news of importance. Major Johns commissioned this day. Full report of the retreat of the rebels from Yorktown and Williamsburg received. No mail received this week. Several prisoners brought in this day. Friday, May 9, 1862 Very fine morning. All quiet along our lines. Good new’s coming in hourly from General McClellan on the Peninsula. The boys in fine spirits. Captain Herron ordered down the river. Saturday, May 10, 1862 Morning clear and warm. Heard of the 12th Regi- ment being attacked whilst coming over from Catletts [ 23 ] Diary for the Year 1862 yesterday. One killed, one wounded, and five taken prisoners. Our boys commenced work on the railroad bridge across the Rappahannock. Heard of another vic- tory at West Point on York river. Sunday, May 11, 1862 Morning fine. Received a letter from home. All well. Wrote a long letter to my brother James. 4th Penna. Cavalry comes in from Washington, ordered over the river. Col. Gallagher ordered out as General Picket Officer for tomorrow. Monday, May 12, 1862 Glorious war news. Norfolk ours. Gossport Navy Yard ours. Merrimac blown up. Good for General Wool. The boys in fine spirits. Fine Regimental drill in the afternoon. Col. Gallagher returns from picket. Tuesday, May 13, 1862 Morning clear and warm. Received full particulars of the taking of Yorktown. 200 pieces of ordnance falls into our hands. Gossport Navy Yard partly destroyed by fire. Portsmouth taken by General Wool. R. Jones elected 1st Lt. Company A . Wednesday, May 14, 1862 Major Hugus very sick. Col. Gallagher also sick. Day wet. Lt’s. Kennedy and Butler, and Serg’t Rogers return from recruiting service. Captain Herron returns from picket up the river. General Shields joins Mc- Dowell’s Corps. No war news of importance. Thursday, May 15, 1862 Major Hugus still very sick. Col. Gallagher better. Day very wet. Detailed as field officer of the pickets. Went out at 3 o’clock P. M. Night wet. Remained at Greens House all night. Picket line quiet. Friday, May 16, 1862 On picket at Greens House. Morning pleasant. In- dications of clear weather. Received a letter from my [ 24 ] General S. M. Jackson wife. All well at home. Relieved by Major Woolworth of the 3rd Regiment. Saturday, May 17, 1862 Morning pleasant. Regiment ordered out for review and inspection by General McCall. Had command of the regiment. Day very fine. Great military display by the troops. Pensacola, Fla., taken by the Federal troops. Sunday, May 18, 1862 Morning pleasant. All quiet along our lines. Ewing of Company E dies in hospital. Ordered out for review and inspection tomorrow at 9 A. M. by General Veneen- selar. Monday, May 19, 1862 Morning dark and cloudy. Brigade reviewed and in- spected. Troops appeared in good order. Complimented highly by General Veneenseler. Heard of the repulse of our Gun Boats below Richmond. Tuesday, May 20, 1862 Morning very pleasant. Hause of Company H dies in hospital. Received the news of the death of Lt. Donald- son at Alexandria, Va. All quiet in our department. Ex- pect to cross over the river soon. Wednesday, May 21, 1862 Morning clear and warm. Went to review of the 4th Penna. Cavalry. Col. Gallagher still on Court Martial. No war news of importance this day. Thursday, May 22, 1862 Morning wet. Sent Thomas Layton, “Deserter,” to General Court Martial for trial. Ordered out on picket at Z/ 2 o’clock P. M. General Shield’s Division joins us this day. Relieved Col. Thompson on picket. Col. Roberts General Field Officer. Friday, May 23, 1862 Morning clear and pleasant. All quiet along the picket line. Relieved by Major Woolworth. McCall’s Division [ 25 ] Diary for the Year 1862 reviewed by President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton. Reached the field in time to see part of the review. Saturday, May 24, 1862 Morning wet. Our men all draw leggins. Went to an artist to have a likeness of my horse taken. Received orders to return all the tents save five to each regiment, for field officers. Sunday, May 25, 1862 Morning clear and warm. Received a letter from my wife. All well at home. Visited by S. G. Thompson of the 11th Penna. Vol. Heard of the repulse of Banks’ Column. General Shields moves his Division to reinforce Banks. General Ord moves as his support. Monday, May 26, 1862 Morning pleasant. Received orders to prepare to move immediately. Did not leave until 2 o’clock P. M. Marched about 5 miles. Encamped on the river below Fredericksburg. King’s Division and Reynold’s Brigade cross the river. Tuesday, May 27, 1862 Morning warm and pleasant. No papers this day. Great excitement among our troops. All quiet along our lines. No rebels to be seen. Many rumors about Banks, etc. General McDowell leaves for Manassas. Wednesday, May 28, 1862 Morning warm. 18 of our sick moved to Washington. The papers come into camp. Banks all right. Rumored that Shields and Ord had bagged the rebel. General McClellan encircles Richmond. Pickets 15 miles beyond Fredericksburg. Thursday, May 29, 1862 Morning warm and pleasant. General King’s Division leaves for Catletts. No news of importance. General McClellan has another fight at Hanover Court House. Union victory. Rumored in camp that General Seagle [ 26 ] General S. M. Jackson is to take command of the Reserves. Meets with general approbation among the boys. Friday, May 30, 1862 Morning clear and warm. Received three letters from home. Friends all well. Wrote to my brother and sister. Had a fine Regimental Drill in the forenoon. Heard from General McClellan. Rebels reinforced at Rich- mond. Evening wet. Saturday, May 31, 1862 Morning dark and cloudy. Raining a little. Ordered to have one day’s rations cooked and ready to march at short notice. Captain Louden leaves for Washington, sick. Corinth evacuated by the rebels and occupied by General Halleck's forces. Our pickets driven in by the enemy. Our men expect an attack tonight. Sunday, June 1, 1862 Morning wet. Glorious news from Shields. Jackson and his forces surrounded. Col. Kenly of the 1st Mary- land Regiment retaken. Beauregard retreating from Corinth. Great rejoicing among our men. Day becomes clear and warm. No news from General McClellan. Monday, June 2, 1862 Morning very warm. Regimental Drill on the street. Visited by Captain Mclntire of Company B, 56th Penna. Regiment. Another great battle in front of Richmond. General Casey’s Division repulsed. Our troops finally victorious. The enemy driven back at this point of the Railway. Tuesday, June 3, 1862 Morning very warm. The findings of the court in the case of Rust Layton announced. To forfeit all pay due, to serve one year confinement in D. C., and to be dis- honorably discharged. Good news from McClellan. The rebels driven back in front of Richmond. Went to see Captain Herron. [ 27 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Wednesday, June 4, 1862 Morning very wet. River rising. Fears entertained for the safety of the bridges. Railroad bridge sweeps away about 2 o’clock P. M. Received detailed account of the battle of Saturday and Sunday in front of Richmond. Our loss about three thousand killed, wounded and miss- ing. The enemy’s greater. They fall back on Richmond. Col. Rippy, of Pittsburgh, killed. Thursday, June 5, 1862 Morning cool. Think the rain over for the present. Heavy detail made to rebuild the bridges. Glorious news from General Hallack. Army of ten thousand rebels taken prisoners by General Pope, 15 thousand stands of arms taken. The rebels retire in the direction of Mobile. Nothing late from General McClellan. Friday, June 6, 1862 Morning pleasant. Received a letter from my wife. All well at home. Col. Gallagher sick. Dr. Kurtz ordered to 85th Penna. Reg’t at Richmond. Our Reg’t loth to part with him. Good news from Halleck’s De- partment. Fort Wright and Memphis ours. Further particulars from the fight of Saturday and Sunday before Richmond. The loss on both sides very heavy. Saturday, June 7, 1862 Morning cool and pleasant. Received orders to be ready to move on short notice. Great enthusiasm among our men, all are in hopes that we are to join McClellan at Richmond. Cheering news from Halleck’s Depart- ment. Beauregard’s army completely demoralized. Fifty thousand deserters reported from his ranks. Sunday, June 8, 1862 Morning pleasant. Wrote a long letter to my wife. Transports arrive for the use of our troops. The First Brigade leaves for the steamboat landing, to embark. Re- ceived the news of the fall of Fort Wright and Memphis city. [ 28 ] General S. M. Jackson Monday, June 9, 1862 Morning pleasant. The 3rd and 4th Regiments leave for embarkation. Our Regiment ready to move. Went with Captain Speer down to the steamboat landing. Marched down with the Regiment in the afternoon. Passed through a beautiful country. The 1st Brigade moves down the river. Tuesday, June 10, 1862 Morning w'et. 3rd and 7th Regiments leave. Com- pany A of our Regiment and our private horses shipped. Leave the balance of the Regiment stand all day in the rain. Got on board the Steamer John Brooks about 6 o’clock P. M. Gen. McCalls flagship. Lay at the wharf all night. Heard of the Bucktail Regiment being cut up by the rebels. Wednesday, June 11, 1862 Morning clear. Boat left at 6 o’clock A. M. Ran on a sand bar about 9 o’clock, remained here about three hours. Got off and ran to the mouth of the river. Saw- some beautiful places on the river shore. Lay at the mouth of the river to midnight. Started down the Bay. Thursday, June 12, 1862 Running down the Bay. Reached Yorktown about 8 o’clock A. M. The town a small dilapidated looking place. Arrived at West Point at 10 o’clock and White House 1 o’clock P. M. Disembarked and reached camp at 3 o’clock. Found 1400 wounded and sick at White House. Ordered to be ready to move at 7 o’clock A. M. tomorrow morning. Friday, June 13, 1862 Left camp at 8 o’clock A. M. Marched along the railroad track. Day very hot. Encamped about 7 o’clock P. M., 10 miles from Richmond. Received orders from General McClellan to lay on our arms all night. Met Cy Fry of the 101st Penna. Reg’t. Got a full report of the Battle of Fair Oaks from him. Slept but very little this night. [ 29 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Saturday, June 14, 1862 Morning warm. Reported in camp that our wagon train was captured last night by the rebels. The tele- graph line cut between this and White House. 7 of our guard killed. 2 boats burned at Garlic Landing. Our wagon train comes in all right about 2 o’clock P. M. Sunday, June 15, 1862 Morning warm. Quarter Master Torrence sent to Savage Station for ammunition. Visited by Rev. Boyd of Allegheny County and several other gentlemen from the north, came down to look after the sick and wounded. Afternoon very wet. Rev. Boyd preaches in the evening. Received two letters from home. Monday, June 16, 1862 Morning cool. Wrote a letter to my brother James. Visited by Sam T. Bovard of the 102nd Penna. Volun- teers. No news of importance from the advance in front of Richmond. Occasional shots heard in that direction. Expecting General McClellan down to review our Divi- sion. Tuesday, June 17, 1862 Morning warm. No news of importance. Heavy fir- ing in the direction of the James River. Supposed to be an attack upon Fort Darlin. Ordered out on picket at 4 o’clock P. M. Night pleasant. Ordered to move to- morrow morning. Wednesday, June 18, 1862 Morning pleasant. Division: moves at 5 o’clock A. M. Had command of the Rear Guard. Marched about 6 miles this day. Encamped within 5 miles of Richmond. Rebels in sight from our camp. Heavy cannonading all afternoon above our camp. Expect a general engagement this night. Our boys anxious for the fight. Thursday, June 19, 1862 Morning warm. Cannonading still continues on our right. 1st and 3rd Brigades move up to Mechanicsville. [ 30 ] General S. M. Jackson Received orders to drill the Regiment in Skirmish drill. Lt. Elder and Serg’t Townsend of the 62nd Penna. Reg’t visit our Reg’t. No war news of importance this day. Friday, June 20, 1862 Morning warm. Detailed on a General Court Martial. Rebels commence to shell our camp. Diverting to see the boys “squat” when the shells fall among us. Went to the Court Martial. Col. Hays brought before the Court for trial. Moved our Court to get out of the range of the rebel guns. Saturday, June 21, 1862 Morning w T arm. Received three letters from home. All well. Went to Court Martial. Tried Lt. Stanton of the 3rd Infantry and a captain of the 12th Infantry. Sev- eral deserters come into our lines this day. Went out with the Regiment on picket at 6 o’clock P. M. Our picket in sight of the enemy, could hear them talk, sing, etc., dis- tinctly. Sunday, June 22, 1862 On picket on the banks of the Chickahominy. Day very hot. Had dinner at Mr. an old secession- ist. The rebel pickets in sight all day and hard at work during the night on the fortifications. No deserters came today. Relieved by the 4th Reg’t at 6 o’clock P. M. Night warm. Monday, June 23, 1862 Morning warm. Attended Court Martial. Tried Lt. Lantz and Captain Rice both of the 7th Reg’t P. R. V. C. Afternoon wet. Notice to be ready to meet the enemy at any moment. The general impression was that we would be attacked soon. Tuesday, June 24, 1862 Up at 2 o’clock A. M. and Regiment in line of Battle. No attack made by the enemy. Court met at 10 o’clock. Tried Col. Geo. S. Hays. Day very warm. A deserter comes in from the 3rd Louisiana Regiment. Reports the [ 31 ] Diary for the Year 1862 rebel army in a demoralized condition. Heard volleys of musketry all afternoon. Wednesday, June 25, 1862 Morning cool. Regiment in line at 3 o’clock A. M. Went to Court at 8 o’clock. Tried Lt. Nightingale of the 2nd Reg’t P. R. V. C. Wrote a letter to Mr. Cun- ningham of Georgetown. Our Regiment goes out on picket at 8 o'clock P. M. Very quiet along the lines. Sick this night. Thursday, June 26, 1862 Morning warm. Still very unwell. The rebels attack us on our right about 5 o’clock P. M. The battle terrific. The 3rd, 1st and part of the 2nd Brigades engaged. Com- pany A of our Regiment in the fight. Battle closes at 9 o’clock P. M. Friday, June 27, 1862 Ordered to fall back to Gains Creek. Forces move back at day light. Battle commences early in the morn- ing. Lore of Company H killed about 9 o’clock A. M. Battle became general about 3 o’clock P. M. Our regi- ment went into the fight about 4 o’clock. Remained in fight to dark when we were surrounded. Saturday, June 28, 1862 Reached Richmond about daylight, a prisoner, together with Adj’t McCoy and Lt. Corder. Put in a tobacco warehouse with some other fellow prisoners “officers.” I was completely worn out. Lay down on the floor and slept about two hours. Sunday, June 29, 1862 Col. Gallagher, Major Johns, 6 Captains and 11 Lieu- tenants of our Regiment came in prisoners, and 295 of our men. Among them Brother Thompson who passed through the fight safely. Monday, June 30, 1862 Morning warm. Several of our wounded came in. [32] Gbnbral S. M. Jackson The enemy hauling in their wounded all day. Word of McClellan falling back on James River. Heard of an- other fight on Sunday evening. Many of the secesh gentlemen come in to see us this day. Lt. Col. Switzer of the 62nd Reg’t brought in. Tuesday, July 1, 1862 Morning very warm. Have had nothing but the bare floor to lie on. Heard of a terrible battle on Monday evening. Rebel loss said to be much greater than ours. Two officers brought in from the 4th Penna. Reg’t. Gen- eral McCall and General Reynolds taken. Wednesday, July 2, 1862 Morning wet and cool. Secesh crowing over their victories. They expect to take McClellan and his whole army. Thousands and thousands of their wounded com- ing in. Thursday, July 3, 1862 Morning pleasant. Received some old cotton rags to lie upon. Sent two letters home through the military authorities. Don’t know whether they will be sent or not. We adopt religious services twice a day, to consist of reading, singing and praying. Friday, July 4, 1862 Morning cool. Had prayer, etc., about 9 o’clock. When some national songs were sung in commemoration of the day. Short speech made by Col. Simpson. Several secesh came in to see us this day. Went around to see our wounded. All doing well. Saturday, July 5, 1862 Moved our quarters up town. Field officers put in one room. Generals McCall and Reynolds brought into our quarters. 13 field officers and 2 Generals on one floor. Several secesh came in to see us this day. No important news from McClellan this day. Several officers sick with diarrhea. [ 33 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Sunday, July 6, 1862 Morning warm. General Magruder, Provost Martial Alexander and several other secesh came in to see us this day. They tell us that we will be sent to North Carolina in a few days. Wrote a letter to my wife. Had religious services in the morning and evening. Officers becoming very impatient of this prison life. Lt. Butler of Company K, sick. Monday, July 7, 1862 Morning very warm. Papers report the death of Gen- eral Meade. Judge Gillham, author of Gillham’s Manual, came in to see us. No news of importance from General McClellan. Papers say he holds a strong position at the mouth of the Chickahominy River and being reenforced. Afternoon very hot. Reported that all below the rank of field officers to be paroled. Tuesday, July 8, 1862 Morning warm. Captain Whiting receives permission to go see the wounded. Report all doing well. No news from McClellan this day. Our prisoners complain of be- ing starved. Day very hot. Wednesday, July 9, 1862 Morning warm and dry. Reported that McClellan had moved out some distance from his late lines, and re- pulsed the enemy. General Humphrey Marshall of Ken- tucky calls to see the prisoners. Dr. Smith of the U. S. Regulars brought in. He reports our sick and wounded at Savage’s Station in a deplorable condition. He left there on Friday last. Thursday, July 10, 1862 Very warm. No news of importance from General Mc- Clellan. Our imprisoned privates sent to Bell Island on the James River. Glad to hear of them leaving the city. Papers contain General McClellan’s address to his troops delivered 4th of July. He promises to take Richmond at the cost of any blood and treasure. [ 34 ] General S. M. Jackson Friday, July 11, 1862 Morning wet. Papers report General McClellan as being strongly reenforced. General Wood calls to see Captain Whiting. Gives him fifty dollars. Col. Simpson writes to General Winder in reference to the filth and offal back of our prison building. Lt. Col. Mclntire, Major Woolworth and several of our wounded officers brought in. Saturday, July 12, 1862 Morning pleasant. Got hold of a romance called “The Scalp Hunters.” Found it to be an interesting tale. Read it through this day. Heard nothing from General McClellan this day. Prisoners becoming very tired of their confinement. Mr. Bruno, of Pittsburgh, held as a citizen prisoner is reported to leave for home on the morrow. Sunday, July 13, 1862 Morning warm. Major O’Neal leads the religious services this morning. Informed that the Federal surgeons were to be sent north tomorrow. All hands busy writing to their friends to send by the surgeons on the morrow. Wrote to my wife and Major Ball. Monday, July 14, 1862 Morning warm. Fifteen of our surgeons leave for home this day. Papers state our forces in Gordensville. No news of importance from McClellan. Informed that we would be exchanged in a few days. Prisoners all re- joicing over the news. Tuesday, July 15, 1862 Morning very warm. Col. Magruder calls to see Major O’Neal. He informs us that the arrangements for the exchange of prisoners has been made, and that we will get off in a few days. The officers jubilant over the news. No news from General McClellan. Rained in the evening. Wednesday, July 16, 1862 Morning w’arm. Papers report that a general exchange [ 35 ] Diary for the Year 1862 of prisoners is about to be effected. Col. Switzer receives a letter from his brother. He is supposed to be wounded by his friends at home. No news from McClellan's army of importance. Monk, of Company K, dies of wounds received 27th of June. Thursday, July 17, 1862 Morning warm. Lt. Burk is brought to our prison. He is wounded on the leg, but doing well. He reports Captain Speer is going to recover. Captain Lewis is dead and buried. Dr. DeBenneville comes up to see us. He reports our wounded as doing well considering their treatment. Friday, July 18, 1862 Morning cool. Captain Speer together with over 400 wounded leaves for the north. Col. Gallagher gets per- mission to visit our wounded. He reports them all doing well. No news from McClellan this morning. Captain Whiting of the 6th U. S. Cavalry exchanged for Captain Smith of the C. S. service. Whiting expects to leave for Washington on the morrow. Saturday, July 19, 1862 Morning pleasant. Lt. Burk together with some 600 wounded leaves for the north. Sent a letter to my wife by hands of Lt. Burk. Major Whaly of the 5th Texas Regiment (formerly of Uniontown, Pa.) calls to see Major Johns and Captain Bierer. Captain Whiting leaves us for Washington. One of Company D’s wounded men dies. Sunday, July 20, 1862 Morning warm. A lieutenant prisoner brought in from Orange Court House. He reports General Popes army at 75,000 strong, and advancing toward Richmond. No prisoners sent off this day. Major O’Neal leads in our religious exercises this day. No news from General McClellan this day. Monday, July 21, 1862 Morning warm. Papers report our troops at Beaver [36] General S. M. Jackson Dam Station on the Richmond and Fredericksburg R. R. thirty miles from Richmond. No prisoners leave this day. 500 wounded expect to be sent off tomorrow. A clergy- man brings us some books and tracts to read. Major Whaly calls again on Major Johns. This day seems long and dreary. Tuesday, July 22, 1862 Morning warm. Six hundred of our wounded leave for the north this day. Dr. DeBenneville goes with them. Rumored that we are to be taken to Salsbury, N. C. No news from General McClellan this day. All those having opera glasses taken from them when captured, had them returned this day. Wednesday, July 23, 1862 Morning pleasant. No prisoners sent north this day. Papers report that the exchange has been suspended upon the question of arresting civilians by the Federal Govern- ment. Prisoners very much discouraged. Have little hopes of getting off for some months. Thursday, July 24, 1862 Morning sultry. Papers report that the exchange of prisoners has been stopped on account of General Mc- Clellan’s having advanced. Two Confederate officers visit Major Davidson. They expect a battle between Jackson and Pope. Wrote a letter to my wife and one to brother William. Friday, July 25, 1862 Morning warm. Wrote a letter to Brother Thompson. Col. Bruster receives a letter from the Adj’t Gen’l of Va., informing him that the arrangements for our exchange were all made. Puts the prisoners in good heart. Dr. Smith leaves for Washington. We send our letters with him. Saturday, July 26, 1862 Morning pleasant. Papers contain no news of im- portance. Difficulty among the officers on the 3rd floor. [ 37 ] Diary for the Year 1862 General Longstreet calls on Col. Stockton. Tells him that we will be sent north next week. Evening stormy. Sunday, July 27, 1862 Day cool and pleasant. Got the New York and Phila- delphia papers of the 17th and 18th, through the kindness of General Longstreet. Read with great interest by the prisoners. No news in reference to our exchange this day. Can’t hear from our men on the Island. Some think they are suffering for want of food. Monday, July 28, 1862 Morning warm. Papers report that General Halleck has been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Federal forces. Prospects of an early exchange brightening. The date of our capture, etc., taken by the officers, for the purpose of making out an exchange list. Day very hot. Tuesday, July 29, 1862 Morning warm. Nothing of importance in the papers this morning. Becoming some what discouraged in refer- ence to our exchange. No news from McClellan or Pope this day. Wednesday, July 30, 1862 Morning warm. Papers contain the articles to govern the exchange of prisoners, which requires an immediate exchange of the prisoners now on hand. Prospects of getting off in a few days good. Papers say McClellan is withdrawing his forces from the James River. Evening wet. Thursday, July 31, 1862 Morning warm. Nothing important in the papers. Sent a letter to my wife. Finished reading “Earnest Lin- wood.” No word from McClellan in the papers this morning. No prisoners sent off this day on account of break on the rail road. Afternoon wet. Friday, Aug. 1, 1862 Morning wet. Papers say that Generals Pope and Jackson’s armies are within a few miles of each other, and [ 38 ] General S. M. Jackson a battle is hourly expected. Reported that our Gun Boats had engaged them at Fort Darling last night. Don’t know the result. Saturday, Aug. 2, 1862 Col. Gallagher goes to see our sick and wounded in Libby Prison. He finds Private Conor of Co. B, who was captured on July 1st, who informes him that Ser- geants Swartz and Hassell of Co. K, and some others had escaped from the battlefield of June 27th. Also that Col. Gallagher’s horse was killed on Monday, June 30th, and that my horse and the Major’s were safe. Our men on the Island doing well. Sunday, Aug. 3, 1862 Morning warm. Six hundred of our men leave for home. Lt. Trabue discovers that some of the officers have escaped. Great excitement in our prison. Lt. Col. Hatch, Captain Oakley, Lt. Riddle, Lt. Murphy and Lt. Masters gone. Miss Weaver and her father arrested for assisting the prisoners to escape, as they supposed. Eve- ning wet. Monday, Aug. 4, 1862 Morning warm. Some 25 or 30 of the citizens arrested in the vicinity of our prison, supposed to have aided those officers in making their escape. Many of the ladies ar- rested. Lt. Trabue dismissed. Ordered to move back to Libby Prison. Our new quarters crowded and filthy. Tuesday, Aug. 5, 1862 Morning hot. 3000 of our men brought down from Belle Island, and sent on north. They are marched by our prison. Saw my brother and many more of our men. They are looking pretty hard, but in fine spirits, rejoicing over the event of their release from prison. The officers incarcerated at Salisbury, N. C., said to be released today. Wednesday, Aug. 6, 1862 Day cool and pleasant. Lt. Col. Hatch and Lt. Masters recaptured and brought in. Put into close confinement. [ 39 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Papers report an engagement between McClellan and the enemy at Malvern Hill. The Federals capture three pieces of artillery. Porter’s Mortar Fleet in the James River. Col. Gallagher sick. 4000 released prisoners of the enemy return to Richmond. Thursday, Aug. 7, 1862 Day very hot. Five or six prisoners brought in from McClellan’s army. His scouts at Savage Station nine miles from the city. Papers say that there has been fight- ing between Pope and Jackson’s armies, but can hear noth- ing of the result. We are told that we will start north tomorrow. Friday, Aug. 8, 1862 Continues very hot. 96 of our men brought in prisoners Taken by Stuart’s Cavalry near Fredericksburg. No word of our release. Col. Gallagher still very unwell. No news of importance from General McClellan. We have much difficulty in getting drinking water. Saturday, Aug. 9, 1862 Day very warm. About 1700 of the Lynchburg prison- ers brought here on their way north. Lt. Col. Star joins our mess. Col. Gallagher still sick, said to have dumb ague. Papers report the blowing up of the Arkansas. Nothing important from McClellan or Pope. Sunday, Aug. 10, 1862 Day very warm. Troops moving all day in the direc- tion of Gordensville. A battle said to be in progress be- tween Jackson and Pope. No news from McClellan. Presume he has joined Pope. Evening wet and cool. Monday, Aug. 11, 1862 300 prisoners brought in from Pope’s army, including General Prince (a battle fought on last Saturday, and our forces repulsed). Informed that we would be sent north on the morrow. Great rejoicing among the officers. Col. Gallagher recovering from his sickness. Salisbury officers expected here this night. Cols. Cockran and \\ ilcox to be released. [ 40 ] General S. M. Jackson Tuesday, Aug. 12, 1862 Morning very warm. Told to prepare for leaving for home. All hands in good cheer. Left Richmond at 12 o’clock M. Had to walk 15 miles. All very much fatigued. Reached our boats about 8 o’clock P. M. Great rejoicing when we came in sight of the good old flag, the Stars and Stripes. Boat remained at landing till 3 o’clock A. M. Wednesday, Aug. 13, 1862 Landed at Harrisons Landing at 7 o'clock. Our Regi- ment gone, except 100 men left for hospital guard. The boys glad to see us back. Got my dinner and supper at the hospital. Reported to General Seymour. Received no orders. Some of the released officers going home. Thursday, Aug. 14, 1862 Day pleasant. Reported to General McClellan, and requested to be sent to the Regiment soon. Went to General Seymour, General Porter and General Morell’s quarters to have our move dispatched. Received orders for all the officers to join our Regiment at Aquia Creek by way of Baltimore and Washington. Friday, Aug. 15, 1862 Left Harrison’s Landing at 9 o’clock A. M. Col. Gallagher gets sick leave for 20 days to stop at Fortress Monroe. Reached Fortress Monroe at 4 P. M. The Col. leaves us here. We leave for Baltimore at 5 P. M. Very pleasant trip across the Bay. Accommodations good. Saturday, Aug. 16, 1862 Arrived at Baltimore at 7 o’clock A. M. Remained in Baltimore until 3^4 P. M. Bought clothing, etc., in Baltimore. Reached Washington at 5 P. M. Stopped at Brown’s Hotel. Went to Mr. Cunningham’s after supper. They are all surprised to see us. Sunday, Aug. 17, 1862 At Mr. Cunningham’s, Georgetown. Went over to the city with Mrs. Cunningham, Miss Annie and Georgie. [ 41 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Met many old acquaintances in Washington this day. Captain Nesbit and Spires sick. Returned to Georgetown to stay all night. Monday, Aug. 18, 1862 Went to Washington early. Took the officers of the Regiment to the War Department. Received four months pay. Lt. Mills, Sloan and ten men of our Regiment ar- rive in Washington on their way home on recruiting service. Glad to see them once more. Sent $500 to my brother and $100 to Martha with Lt. Mills. Tuesday, Aug. 19, 1862 Went to the Quartermaster General to get transporta- tion for my men to Fredericksburg. Col. Gallagher ar- rives in Washington from Fortress Monroe. He is still sick. Captain Bierer gets leave of absence for 20 days. Wednesday, Aug. 20, 1862 Left Washington at 7 o’clock A. M. Reached Aquia Creek at 2 P. M. and Fredericksburg at 4 P. M. The men wild with joy on seeing their old officers. Reported to General Meade for duty. The Regiments not Brig- aded under the new organization. Thursday, Aug. 21, 1862 Morning warm. Ordered to report to General Jackson of the 3rd Brigade. We are to occupy the right of the 3rd Brigade. General Meade dissatisfied with the ar- rangement. Received orders to put my command in marching order. Left camp at 8 P. M. Out all night. Friday, Aug. 22, 1862 Moving up the north bank of the Rappahannock. Got little or no sleep last night. Heavy cannonading in the direction of Pope’s army. Marched about 15 miles this day. Night pleasant. Saturday, Aug. 23, 1862 Struck tents at daylight. The 11th Regiment acts as rear guard this day. Heavy cannonading up the river. [ 42 ] General S. M. Jackson Reached Rappahannock Station about 5 P. M. General Pope’s troops drawing off from here. Some forage burnt at the Station. Move on in the direction of Warrentown. Stopped at midnight, 5 miles from Warrentown. Sunday, Aug. 24, 1862 Left camp early. General Reynold’s Division brings up the rear. Generals Pope and McDowell pass us about 11 o’clock A. M. Reached Warrentown about 3 o’clock P. M. Encamped on the west of Warrentown !/> mile from town. Large bodies of troops moving out to join Siegle and Banks toward the river. Monday, Aug. 25, 1862 Morning cool. Our men suffer for want of blankets. Col. Coulter calls to see us. Received orders to move. Day becomes very hot. Moved out on the road, and re- mained there all evening. Reported that General Mc- Clellan’s army was here. Tuesday, Aug. 26, 1862 Troops up at 4 o’clock A. M. Column moves out at daylight in the direction of Sulphur Springs. Very heavy cannonading commences about 8 o’clock in the morning. Left camp about 12 o’clock. Marched in a westerly direction about 3 miles and encamped. Captain Kesler returns. Brings our mail. Heard from home, the first for ten weeks. Wednesday, Aug. 27, 1862 Morning cool. Ordered to be ready to move immedi- ately. 3rd Brigade takes up the line of march through Warrentown. Our Division follows General Siegle’s Division. Jackson reported at Manassas. Expect a fight with him this night or tomorrow. Passed through New Baltimore at 5 P. M. Encamped 10 miles from Warren- town. Thursday, Aug. 28, 1862 Column moves at 4 o’clock A. M. About 150 rebel prisoners brought in. Placed in a church for safe keep- [ 43 ] Diary for the Year 1862 ing. Came up to the rebels at 9 o’clock A. M. The Adjutant and three men of the 8th Regiment wounded. We took two rebel guns. Jackson skidaddles. We turn from the Alexandria Pike in the direction of Manassas. Heavy firing in direction of Bull Run. Encamped near Bull Run. Friday, Aug. 29, 1862 Up at 4 o’clock. Army in motion. Great alarm last night, caused by a horse running among our men. Fight- ing commences on our right about 8 A. M. We are moved forward to the engagement. 1st and 2nd Brigades en- gaged in a wood. We are brought under fire about 2 o’clock. Remain engaged till dark. One man killed and six or eight wounded in my Regiment. Saturday, Aug. 30, 1862 Moved to the right at 3 o’clock A. M. The fighting at this point was very severe last night. Our Regiment thrown in advance as skirmishers. Little fighting in the forenoon. The battle commences in earnest on the ex- treme right about 2 o’clock P. M. We were moved to the right and engaged the enemy about 4 o’clock P. M. The enemy flanked us on our left and are forced to fall back. Sunday, Aug. 31, 1862 Our Division at Centerville. The loss of our Regi- ment in yesterday’s fight, about 50 killed and wounded. Lt. Kuhn killed. Adj’t McCoy, Captain Stewart, Lt. Jones, Lt. Kennedy and Lt. Coder wounded. Our men have been without food since Thursday evening. We are completely worn out. The 11th Regiment down to 100 fighting men. Monday, Sept. 1, 1862 On picket last night 2 miles in front of Centerville. Slight skirmishing with the enemy all night. Moved back at 3 o’clock in the morning. Left Centerville at 2 o’clock P. M. Attacked by the enemy handy Fairfax. The enemy driven back. Generals Kerney and Stevens killed. Encamped all night at Fairfax. Night wet and cold. [ 44 ] General S. M. Jackson Tuesday, Sept. 2, 1862 Troops moving back all night and forenoon. Our Division leaves Fairfax at 12 M. Marched to near Arlington Heights, and encamped for the night. Saw many of the new troops here. The 122nd Pa., 107th N. Y. and the 125th Pa. Regiments all encamped in this vicinity. Night cold. Our men near frozen. Wednesday, Sept. 3, 1862 Left camp early in the morning. Marched in the direction of Hall’s Hill. Halted about 9 o’clock A. M. Remained here all day. Our Quartermaster and many of our sick men return to us. Received several letters from home. General McClellan made Commander-in- Chief. Thursday, Sept. 4, 1862 Morning cool. The 139th Pa. Regiment comes in Col. Collier’s. Captain Sample’s Company from Apollo in this, also Captain Parr’s Company from Leechburg. Saw many of my old acquaintances. S. T. Bovard of the 102 came to see me this day. Moved at 4 o’clock to Upton’s Hill. Encamped here all night. Friday, Sept. 5, 1862 Morning cool. Our men draw clothing, blankets, etc., etc. Our camp moved about one mile to the left toward Alexandria. Met several old acquaintances from Western Penna. belonging to the 132 Pa. Regiment. Among them Lt. Bair and Rob’t Walker from Leechburg. Night cool. Saturday, Sept. 6, 1862 Morning cool. Ordered to muster my Regiment for pay. Engaged most of the day in making out our muster rolls. Regiment inspected by Col. Taggart at 4 P. M. Col. Gallagher returns. Boys all jubilant on his return. Division crosses the river into Maryland. Sunday, Sept. 7, 1862 Our Division marched all night. Reached Leesborough this day about 5 P. M. Reported that Jackson was in [ 45 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Frederick City, Maryland, with 40,000 rebels. Great excitement in Washington occasioned by the advance of the rebels. Encamped at Leesborough all night. Monday, Sept. 8, 1862 Morning cool. Our Division attached to General Burnside’s Corps. John Elliott, Hospital Steward, ar- rested by the Captain of a Regular Battery. Some of our men go down to have him released. They are all arrested. General Burnsides orders them drummed out of camp. Tuesday, Sept. 9, 1862 Went to General Burnsides and had the order counter- manded except in the case of Elliott and McMillen. They are still kept under arrest. Army moves in the direction of Brookville, Md. Encamped at Brookville all night. Col. Gallagher takes command of the Brigade. Wednesday, Sept. 10, 1862 Morning warm. Orders to be ready to move at day- light. The orders countermanded. Division leaves Brookville at 1 o'clock P. M. Marched about 5 miles in the direction of Frederick. Encamped for the night. Could not get our wagons up this night. Slept with the Col. all night. Thursday, Sept. 11, 1862 Left camp at 7 o’clock. Marched through a broken country. Reached Popular Springs about 4 o’clock P. M. and encamped for the night. Received a letter from my wife. All well at home. The rebels reported to be 5 miles in front of us on the Frederick Road. Friday, Sept. 12, 1862 Left camp at 10 o’clock. Marched out to the Pike and turned in the direction of Frederick. General Reynolds and Staff ordered to Harrisburg, Pa. General Meade takes command of the Reserves. Encamped near Fred- erick this night. [ 46 ] General S. M. Jackson Saturday, Sept. 13, 1862 Morning cool. General Renoe’s Division attacked the enemy last night near Frederick. Drove them before him. Our Division moves forward at 9 o’clock. Reached Frederick about 4 P. M. Encamped here for the night. General Renoe still driving the enemy toward the mountains. Captured 6 pieces of artillery. Sunday, Sept. 14, 1862 Morning cold. Left camp at 5 A. M. Marched through Frederick. The citizens cheer us on all sides. General McClellan passes our column. Our men cheer him vociferously. Our Division attacks the enemy at 4 P. M. at South Mountain. Drives him from the moun- tain. Captain Brady and Lt. Jackson killed. Monday, Sept. 15, 1862 Col. Gallagher, Captain Nesbit, Captain Bierer, Lts. Kennedy and Torrence wounded. Our Regiment nearly annihilated. The victory complete. The enemy in full retreat. Our Cavalry brings in long lines of prisoners. Pass through Boonsborough and Keetsville. Press the enemy closely. Tuesday, Sept. 16, 1862 Come up with the enemy handy to Keetsville. Heavy cannonading in front. Cross Antietam Creek. Engage the enemy about 6 P. M. The battle continues all night. Col. McNeal of the Bucktails killed. Our Brigade on the right. The enemy shell us all night. Wednesday, Sept. 17, 1862 Battle commences at day light. Our Brigade brought into action about 7 A. M. Terrific fighting. Captain Kistler and Lt. Waugeman wounded. Our little Regi- ment badly cut up. The battle continues all day. We drive the enemy back on the right and left, and hold the center. Thursday, Sept. 18, 1862 The enemy falls back. We are in possession of the [ 47 ] Diary for the Year 1862 whole battle field. I send men to bury our dead. Ride over the battle field. The sight beyond description. The field covered with dead horses and men co-mingled. Friday, Sept. 19, 1862 Not well this morning. The rebels effect a retreat across the river. We capture a quantity of their artillery and many prisoners. We are told that we have thirty thousand on this side the river. Our division moves for- ward to near Sharpsburg. Saturday, Sept. 20, 1862 Morning cool. Went with Col. Kirk to the river. Saw many wounded rebels. Went to see the 134th Regt., Col. Quay's. Saw many Pennsylvanians. Jim Coulter of Leechburg, Pa., comes from Hagerstown to see me. He tells me that brother James is there a Lieutenant in a company of Militia. Sunday, Sept. 21, 1862 Adjt. McCoy, Lt. Johnson and Burkman returns to the Regiment last night. Brother James comes to see me from Hagerstown. Go back with him. Saw many of my old friends belonging to the State Militia. Returned in the evening. Monday, Sept. 22, 1862 Morning cool. Expecting orders to move. Had our Company officers engaged in making out the pay rolls. Wrote a long letter to Wm. Kirkwood, and one to Col. Gallagher. Samuel Jack, D. Bizrer, John B. Guthrie and Robert Coleman came down from Hagerstown to see their friends in Company G of the 11th. Tuesday, Sept. 23, 1862 Go with my Apollo friends to the battlefield. They were much interested in the appearance of the field. Re- turned to camp. Lt. Col. Copely and some old Penna. friends call to see us. The day very warm. Still antici- pating orders to move. Hear of the death of Captain Nesbit. [ 48 ] General S. M. Jackson Wednesday, Sept. 24, 1862 We move our camp toward a field about 300 yards in rear of old camp. Received orders to be ready to move at a moment’s notice. All bustle in camp. No orders to move. Remain all night. Thursday, Sept. 25, 1862 Morning cool. The ground covered with frost. Cap- tain Reed of North Washington, Westmoreland, Co., Penna., calls to see me. He belongs to the Penna. Militia. All quiet about camp today. We finish our muster and pay rolls for July and August and send them in. The day warm. Friday, Sept. 26, 1862 Morning cool. Captain S. Louden’s resignation ac- cepted and sent in. The Militia from Chambersburg still calling to see us. Wm. Hugus ordered to be dis- charged as Band Master. He leaves for home on the morrow. Lt. Righter of the 62nd Pa. Regiment calls to see me. He wants to quit the service. Saturday, Sept. 27, 1862 Morning cool. Major Hugus leaves for home. I ac- company him to Sharpsburg. He is sorry to leave the Regiment, but glad to get home. Col. Anderson and Captain Gusten arrested for disobedience of orders at the battle of South Mountain. Received orders to appoint officers to fill all vacancies. Sunday, Sept. 28, 1862 Morning warm. Major Mechlin of Westmoreland County calls to see us. He tells us of the death of Captain Kistler. Captain Porter ordered out as field officer of the pickets. Heard from Col. Gallagher. He expects to be able to return at the expiration of his leave. Adjt. McCoy visits the 133rd Regt. Evening cool. Monday, Sept. 29, 1862 Morning warm. Ordered to take command of the Brigade. Col. Kirk being sick. Went wfith Captain [ 49 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Dick, Lt. Chamberlin and Quartermaster Snodgrass to take dinner with a Maryland farmer. Had a fine dinner. Rev. Torrence joins the Regiment. Had a letter from Col. Gallagher. Tuesday, Sept. 30, 1862 Morning warm. Received a mail from Washington. Had a letter from brother Will. All well at home save our baby. No war news today of importance. General Siegles’ Corps at Bull Run. Our Sutler arrives at camp. Wednesday, Oct. 1, 1862 Morning warm. Visited by Adjt. Noon of the 133rd Regt. Had turkey for dinner. Rev. Torrence and my- self visits the battlefild. Mr. Torrence much interested in the appearance of the field. Got wet on our return. Received orders to make a report of the Regiment’s actions in the two battles. Thursday, Oct. 2, 1862 Morning warm. Sent in my report of the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. Lt. Robert S. Townsend of the 62nd Pa. Regiment, calls to see me. Received orders to have my command ready to be under arms at a moment’s notice, as President Lincoln was expected to be here to review the Corps. Ordered out at 3 P. M. The President didn’t come. Friday, Oct. 3, 1862 Morning warm. Ordered out early in the morning to be reviewed by President Lincoln. The President did not arrive until 2 P. M. All tired waiting. General McClellan accompanies the President. Evening warm. Saturday, Oct. 4, 1862 Morning warm. Our Regiment out on picket. Very quiet in camp. No war news this day. Dr. Rugh of New Alexandria, Westmoreland Co., calls to see us. Afternoon wet. Mr. Park of Indiana, takes his son home. Sunday, Oct. 5, 1862 Morning cool. Received a letter from sister Lizzie. [ 50 ] General S. M. Jackson All well at home save brother James. Martha and the children well. Wrote a letter to my wife. Mr. Torrence preaches to the Regiment in the morning and evening. Captain Stewart returns to duty. His wound almost well. Night cold. Monday, Oct. 6, 1862 Morning cool. All quiet about the camp. Wm. Sterrit of Saltsburg calls to see me. Heard by him from all my old friends about Saltsburg. He stays all night with us. Night cool. Tuesday, Oct. 7, 1862 Morning warm. Received a letter from sister Lizzie. All well at home. Col. Magilton inspects the Regiment. Could raise but 150 guns. Been unwell for some days. Have fears of rheumatism commencing on my system. Good news from General Grant’s Department. He whips the rebs at Corinth. Wednesday, Oct. 8, 1862 Morning warm. Had a letter from brother James. He informs me of his disposing of our store, and of his purchase of D. Risher’s farm. The friends all well at home. Wrote to brother James and sister Lizzie. Mr. Barker of Ebensburg, and a correspondent of the New York Tribune calls to see us. On Board of Survey at Captain Adair’s. Thursday, Oct. 9, 1862 Morning warm. Not very well this day. Take some medicine which gives me ease. 54 recruits join our Regi- ment. Expect orders to move soon. Ordered to have our ammunition, etc., replenished. Friday, Oct. 10, 1862 Morning warm. Still a little unwell. All quiet about camp. Mr. Rowen of Freeport, Armstrong Co., calls to see me. Hear through him from many of my old friends at home. He stays with me all night. Had Regimental drill this day. Night wet. [ 51 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Saturday, Oct. 11, 1862 Morning wet. Had a fine rain last night. Had no mail this day. Day cool. General Buell defeats Bragg in Kentucky. The rebels at Chambersburg, Penna. Mr. Earhart of Saltsburg calls to see me. Wrote a letter to my wife. AH quiet in camp. Sunday, Oct. 12, 1862 Morning cool. Received our mail this morning. Had several letters from home. The friends all well. Wrote to my wife, to Major Hugus, Lt. Stewart and many others this day. The enemy at Frederick, Md. Monday, Oct. 13, 1862 Morning wet and cold. Rumored that the rebels were in our rear. Papers report that they had crossed the Balti- more and Ohio Railroad at New Kent. Reported that we had captured a portion of them at Edwards Ferry. Col. Kirk resigns. Tuesday, Oct. 14, 1862 Morning pleasant. Received an order requiring us to make a report of the ammunition on hand. Went to see the 142nd Pa. Regiment, Col. Cummings, drill. Dr. DeBenneville buys a horse. Had no mail this day. Re- ceived no papers. Reported Buell had captured Bragg’s trains. Wednesday, Oct. 15, 1862 Morning cool. Division Surgeon orders a careful polic- ing of all the camps in the Division. Mr. Torrence much worse today. Papers report the result of the election in Penna. yesterday as favorable to the present administra- tion. Evening cool. Thursday, Oct. 16, 1862 Morning cool. Ordered on picket. Our Regiment draws new clothing today. Went out on picket at 4 P. M. Made my headquarters at Mr. Pock’s house. Adjt. McCoy, Captain Porter and Lt. Burk stay all night with me at Mr. Pock’s. Had a fine night. [ 52 ] General S. M. Jackson Friday, Oct. 17, 1862 Morning cool. Rained last night. On picket at Mr. Pock’s. All quiet along the line. Relieved by 12th Regt. Papers report the result of the reconnoissance yesterday. Charlestown occupied by our troops. Had a letter from my wife. All well at home. Evening cool. Saturday, Oct. 18, 1862 Morning cool. General Jackson returns and takes com- mand of our Brigade. A soldier of the 9th Regiment drummed out of the service at 8 A. M. today . Had a fine Regimental Drill this forenoon. Nothing important in the papers this day. Sunday, Oct. 19, 1862 Morning wet and cold. Mr. Torrence very sick. Rumors of the rebels being in our rear. The papers state they crossed the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at New Kent. Reported that we had captured a portion of them near Edward’s Ferry. Col. Kirk resigns. Monday, Oct. 20, 1862 Morning cool. Captain Speer returns. He has re- covered from the effects of his wounds. General King’s Division goes to Bakerstown. Our men fix up their quarters as if they designed staying all winter. Papers contain nothing of interest. Evening cold. Tuesday, Oct. 21, 1862 Morning cold. Had orders to be ready to move at a moment’s notice. Ordered on a Board of Survey to ex- amine some great coats at Lieut. Norris Brigade, Quarter- master Department. Evening cool and stormy. Ex- changed horses. Wednesday, Oct. 22, 1862 Morning cold and stormy. Ordered to reconvene the Board of Survey on great coats. Day very stormy. Re- ceived a letter from William Kirkwood. My wife and children well. Went with Captain Speer to the 155th [ 53 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Pa. Regiment. Papers contain nothing important this day. Night clear and cold. Wrote to M. and K. Thursday, Oct. 23, 1862 Morning cold. Ordered to report immediately at General Meade’s headquarters. Met Captain Lowe and Captain McClellan. Ordered to inspect the 3rd Brigade. Went out in inspection at 1J4 o’clock P. M. Inspected the 9th, 11th and 12th Regiments. The men in want of shoes, clothing, etc. Friday, Oct. 24, 1862 Morning cool. Been unwell yesterday and today. In- spected the 10th Regiment this morning. Ordered to re- port at General Ricket’s Headquarters to inspect the 90th Regiment, Penna. Vol., Col Lytel’s. Evening cold. Saturday, Oct. 25, 1862 Morning cold. Received two letters from Col. Gal- lagher. His wound is not as well as when he last wrote to me. He informs me of the death of his eldest little girl, and of the sickness of his whole family. Received a letter from Captain Herron. My wife is at Pittsburgh and in good health. He informs me of brother James being drafted. Sunday, Oct. 26, 1862 Morning cold. Rained last night. My health is still impaired. Received orders to be ready to move immedi- ately. Left camp about 12 M. Took the road for Harper’s Ferry. Day very wet and cold. I travel this day in an ambulance. Rained near all night. Monday, Oct. 27, 1862 Morning cold and stormy. Troops suffer terribly with the wet and cold. Passed through Burketsville about 12 M. The afternoon clear but still cold. Encamped about 2 miles below Harper’s Ferry. Tuesday, Oct. 28, 1862 Morning cold. Received a letter from sister Lizzie, one from brother James and one from Lt. Mills. Friends [ 54 ] General S. M. Jackson all well at home. Wrote to brother James and to my wife. Remained all day near Harper’s Ferry. Cold and stormy all day. My health much better today. Troops crossing the river all day. Wednesday, Oct. 29, 1862 Morning cool. Ordered to draw six wall tents for use of officers. The men receive a general supply of clothing. Evident preparations for a grand move. Have been right sick all day. Still troubled with diarrhea. No war news of importance. Day continues cold. Thursday, Oct. 30, 1862 Troops move at 7 A. M. Doctor sent me in an am- bulance to the railroad. Very sick all day. Slept in an ambulance at the railroad all night. Left for Washington at 8 A. M. next morning. Friday, Oct. 31, 1862 Train arrived for the sick at 8 A. M. About 500 sick in all. Cars travel very slow. Reach the Relay House at 5 P. M. Lie over till 7 P. M. Reach Washington at 10 P. M. Went to the Metropolitan Hotel. Felt better this morning. Saturday, Nov. 1, 1862 Morning pleasant. Reported to Surgeon Clymer. Had to get certificate from Surgeon Rice. Major Ball and Captain Kirkpatrick call to see me. Very unwell all afternoon. Confined to my room. John Vorhour calls to see me. Sunday, Nov. 2, 1862 Morning cool. Reported to Surgeon Clymer at 11 A. M. Received some powders, etc. Mr. Cunningham calls on me with his carriage. Went to Georgetown with him. Stayed in Georgetown all night. Monday, Nov. 3, 1862 Feel much better this morning. Col. Porter of the 135th Pa. Regiment calls to see me. Reported to Sur- geon Clymer at 12 M. Day cool. Papers report heavy [ 55 ] Diary for the Year 1862 skirmishing near to Harper’s Ferry. Went to see Major Ball. Did not find him in his office. Evening cold and stormy. Tuesday, Nov. 4, 1862 Morning pleasant. Papers report battle near Snicker’s Gap. Our forces successful. Went to Major Ball’s with Privates Thomas Rock of Co. K, Dum of Co. A, and others. Was not able to receive our pay. Met B. J. Bradford of Pennsylvania. Wednesday, Nov. 5, 1862 Morning cold. Went with Thomas Rock to the Quarter Master’s Department. Got his rations commuted for the time he was a prisoner of war. Met Captain Herron and Lt. Righter. Heard from Martha and the children, who were well. Night wet. Thursday, Nov. 6, 1862 Morning cold. Went to Maj. Balls. Got blank rolls. Had them approved by Surgeon Clymer. Went to the War Department. Got leave of absence for ten days from Secretary Stanton. Lt. Stewart with one hundred of our men comes in. Saw brother Thompson. Friday, Nov. 7, 1862 Morning cold. Snowed all day. Went with Brother Thompson to Mr. Cunningham’s, Georgetown. Bought a coat, pair of pants, etc. Left for home at 5 P. M. Cars much crowded. Left Baltimore at 9 P. M. Satetrday, Nov. 8, 1862 Reached Harrisburg at 3 A. M. Met Lt. Mills. Heard of Col. Gallagher going on to join the Regiment. Major Johns still in Harrisburg. Reached Pittsburgh at 1J4 P. M. Sunday, Nov. 9, 1862 Arrived at home at 1 o’clock this morning. Friends much surprised on seeing me. Many of my old neighbors call to see me today. All appear to rejoice over my good luck. Day cool. My health improving. [ 56 ] General S. M. Jackson Monday, Nov. 10, 1862 Morning pleasant. Saw many of my old friends today. McClellan removed from the command of the army of the Potomac. Burnsides in command. Tuesday, Nov. 11, 1862 Morning cool. Went out to mother’s. Glad to see my mother and my brothers and sisters. Found them all well. Wednesday, Nov. 12, 1862 Morning pleasant. Many of my old neighbors meet at Brother James to assist him in taking off his corn. Glad to see them. All day dark and cloudy. Thursday, Nov. 13, 1862 All last night at Uncle James. They mourn deeply the loss of their son Forward, who fell at the battle of South Mountain. Went to Uncle McCartney’s. Spent all day with uncle. All night at Brother James. Friday, Nov. 14, 1862 Morning cool. Went to John Martin’s, and from there to Apollo. Attended sales of D. Risher. Saw many of my old friends today. Saturday, Nov. 15, 1862 Morning cold. All day in town. No war news of importance. General Burnsides still pushing forward. A portion of his forces south of the Rappahannock River. Sunday, Nov. 16, 1862 Morning pleasant. Martha very unwell this morning. Not able to go to church. Went to hear Mr. Orr preach. Saw many of my old friends at church. Martha and I both attend church at night. Monday, Nov. 17, 1862 Morning wet. All day at home. Attended the auction sales. Saw several of my Saltsburg friends on the boat this evening. [ 57 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Tuesday, Nov. 18, 1862 Morning very frosty. Went with Brother James to Coleman’s. Found them all well. Day wet. Returned home late in the evening. Attended the sales this night. Met Mr. McKnight at the sales. Wednesday, Nov. 19, 1862 Morning cool. Received three half cans of oysters from Pittsburgh. Saw Mr. Clark and many of my old friends from Saltsburg on the boat this morning. Evening very wet. The young folks in town all call to see me. Thursday, Nov. 20, 1862 Morning wet. Went to Uncle McKinstry’s, and to Brother Martin’s this day. Did not return till late at night. Day wet and cold. No war news of importance today. Friday, Nov. 21, 1862 Morning wet. Many of my relatives call to take din- ner with me today. Had a pleasant time of it. Re- ceived news from the army. Burnsides expected to ad- vance on Richmond from Fredericksburg. General Hal- leck ordered all officers absent to be discharged. Saturday, Nov. 22, 1862 Morning very frosty. Saw Captain Mclntire formerly of the 56th Regiment, Pa. Vol. He looks well and ex- pects to enter the sendee again soon. All day in town. Evening wet. Went to William Kirkwoods to spend the night. Sunday, Nov. 23, 1862 Morning cold. Snowing some. Brother Buffington comes in for me with the buggy. Went out to bid adieu to mother and all my old friends. Monday, Nov. 24, 1862 Morning cool. Preparing to leave. Sisters Lizzie and Martha, together with Uncle and Aunt McCartney, came in to see me off. Martha much distressed about me leav- ing. I promise her to return soon. Left at 4 P. M. [ 58 ] General S. M. Jackson Tuesday, Nov. 25, 1862 Morning cool. Arrived in Pittsburgh at 5 A. M. in company with Brother James. Saw many of my old friends in the city. Went to Mrs. Hays for dinner. The friends surprised on seeing me. Had supper at Captain Herron’s. Wednesday, Nov. 26, 1862 Morning cool. Reached Harrisburg at 9 A. M. Left at 9 A. M. Freight train off the track on the N. C. R. R. Reached Baltimore at 9 P. M. In Baltimore all night. Thursday, Nov. 27, 1862 Morning pleasant. Arrived in Washington at 9 A. M. Saw Major Johns, Harvy, Clover and many others of the 11th Reserves. Our Regiment at Brook’s Station, five miles from Aquia Creek. Went to Mr. Cunningham’s at night. Friday, Nov. 28, 1862 Morning pleasant. Suffering considerably with diar- rhea. Remained in the house all forenoon. Went to the city after dinner. Day cold and cloudy. Went with Mrs. Cunningham, Annie and Georgia to the theater. Saturday, Nov. 29, 1862 Morning cool. Went with Albert Cunningham and Mr. Doyle to Washington. Could not get off this day. Heard from the Regiment through Adjt. Harvy. All quiet at Aquia. Sunday, Nov. 30, 1862 Morning cool. Went with Mr. Cunningham down street. Could not get off this day. General Burnsides in Washington. No news of importance from the army. The rebels continue to fortify at Fredericksburg. Monday, Dec. 1, 1862 Morning cool and cloudy. Went to the city early in the morning. Called to see Major Ball. Did not get off this day. Went to see Congress convene. Met Senator Cowen and John Covode. Got every thing ready to leave for the Regiment tomorrow. [ 59 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Tuesday, Dec. 2, 1862 Morning cold. Left Washington at 8 A. M. in com- pany with Major Johns. Reached the Regiment at 5 P. M. Found the boys all well generally. Evening cold. Wednesday, Dec. 3, 1862 Morning cold. Reported for duty to General Meade. Wrote a letter to Brother James. Ordered out on picket with my Regiment at 3 P. M. Made my Headquarters at Mrs. Morton’s. Ordered to return to camp about 7 P. M. Orders to move at daylight. Thursday, Dec. 4, 1862 Orders to move countermanded. Day cold and dis- agreeable. Wrote a long letter to my wife. Our men draw a good supply of clothing, shelter tents, etc., etc. Expect to move soon. Friday, Dec. 5, 1862 Morning cold. Commences to rain and snow about 9 A. M. Day very disagreeable. Our men suffer con- siderably with the wet and cold. Saturday, Dec. 6, 1862 Morning cold and stormy. Twenty-four of our Regi- ment detailed to make roads. Day very rough. Expect Col. Gallagher back next week. Sergeants Downer and Simons of Co. F mustered out for the purpose of com- missioning them. Sunday, Dec. 7, 1862 Morning very cold. Our men suffer terribly with cold. Lieut. James H. Mills joins the Regiment. Our paroled men all to return to the Regiment soon. Day very clear and cold. Roads freezing up. Monday, Dec. 8, 1862 Morning cold. Division moved at 6 A. M. Marched in the direction of King George Court House. Day very cold. Marched about 10 miles this day. Encamped at 3 P. M. in a pine forest. Night cold. [ 60 ] General S. M. Jackson Tuesday, Dec. 9, 1862 Morning clear and cold. Our men busily engaged in erecting quarters. Wrote a letter to my wife. Received orders to be ready to move at short notice with three days cooked rations. Expect to cross the river on the morrow, when we will probably meet the enemy. Wednesday, Dec. 10, 1862 Morning cold. Many indications of an advance move- ment. Wrote a letter to sister Lizzie. Received orders for the men to be issued 20 rounds cartridges extra. Ordered to move at 12 o’clock this night. All bustle in camp. Expect a big fight. Thursday, Dec. 11, 1862 Left camp at 1 o’clock A. M. Arrived at the Rappan- annock at 3 A. M. Commenced erecting pontoon bridges. The rebels attack us. Our artillery opens upon them. We shell Fredericksburg and burn a portion of the city. A portion of our troops cross at 5 P. M. Friday, Dec. 12, 1862 Morning cold. Troops continue to cross over the river. Franklin’s Grand Division gets over at 3 P. M. Our troops deploy on the south side of the river, and drive the rebels back. Cannonading kept up all evening. The crossing very successful. We encamp near to the river. Saturday, Dec. 13, 1862 Moved out about one mile. Battle commenced about 9 A. M. and raged terrifically all day. My Regiment went into the fight with 392 men, and lost in killed, wounded and missing, 236. The Pennsylvania Reserves almost annihilated. Brother Thompson wounded and left on the field. Sunday, Dec. 14, 1862 Morning pleasant. Very little fighting doing today. No word of Brother Thompson. I fear he is killed. Many of our wounded still in the hands of the enemy. Generals Jackson and Bayard dead. [61 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Monday, Dec. 15, 1862 Morning pleasant. A good deal of picket firing last night. It ceases at daylight. Very sick this day. Go out to the battle field to see if I can hear from Brother Thompson. Unable to get to where he fell. A flag of truce goes out. Could not find Brother Thompson. Think he is wounded and a prisoner. Tuesday, Dec. 16, 1862 The army falls back over the river last night. The night cold and wet. The enemy follow us to the river, and our batteries on this side drive them back, with much apparent loss. We move back about one mile and encamp for the day. It clears off and becomes cold. Wednesday, Dec. 17, 1862 Morning clear and cold. Ordered to make out a re- port of our killed, wounded and missing. Killed, 20; wounded, 130; missing, 62. Could not hear from our wounded and missing. Evening cold and frosty. Thursday, Dec. 18, 1862 Morning very cold. Went with Lieut. Mills to the General Hospital to see our wounded. Saw Marsh of Co. G. Had his right arm amputated. Went to the Ambulance Corps. Could not hear from Brother Thomp- son. Think he was wounded and taken to Richmond. The Regiment moves toward the Potomac. Friday, Dec. 19, 1862 Encamped all night on a high hill about 5 miles from the Potamac. Very cold. The Brigade moves toward the river. Encamp about 1% miles from Bell Plain. Eve- ning very cold. Indications of a permanent encampment. The men suffer much with the cold. Almost frozen my- self. Saturday, Dec. 20, 1862 Morning veiy cold. We move our camp about 40 rods to the rear. Received orders to prepare our command for inspection at 1 1 A. M. Captain Baker inspects the Regi- [ 62 ] General S. M. Jackson ment. Ordered on picket. Had to go 3 miles to picket. Night very cold. Sunday, Dec. 21, 1862 Morning very cold. Our men suffer much. Our Regiment has but two posts. Day very cold and frosty. Went to camp to bring out our relief. The 5th Regt. relieves us. We got to camp about dark. Night very cold. Papers say Secretary Seward has resigned. Monday, Dec. 22, 1862 Morning cold. Day becomes pleasant. Men busily engaged in putting up winter quarters. Received a letter from my wife, also one from brother James. Friends well at home. Wrote to Brother Buffington. Been un- well today. Tuesday, Dec. 23, 1862 Morning pleasant. Mr. Bruno of Pittsburgh calls to see us. He sends us some luxuries for our sick. Had no mail this day. Wrote to Alex Gallagher concerning the fate of his brother. Wednesday, Dec. 24, 1862 Morning cold. No news of importance today. Made out a full list of killed, wounded and missing of the battle of Fredericksburg, and sent it to the War Department, Washington. Wrote to my sister, Mrs. Coleman. Also to Lt. Keenan. Heard from Col. Gallagher. He is not likely to return soon. The boys engaged in putting up cabins. Thursday, Dec. 25, 1862 Morning pleasant. A very dull Christmas to the soldiers. An order from General Franklin to suspend all drills, etc., etc., for the day. Wrote a long letter to Col. Gallagher. Also one to my wife. Col. Gallagher’s resig- nation is accepted. Captain Porter with the left flank of the Regiment go on picket. Friday, Dec. 26, 1862 Morning pleasant. Captain Porter with left flank of Regiment on picket. Received a letter from Captain [ 63 ] Diary for the Year 1862 Speer. He is at home, his wound healing. Rumored that the Penna. Reserves are to be withdrawn to Penn- sylvania. Saturday, Dec. 27, 1862 Morning dark and cloudy. Appearance of snow. Wrote to Captain Speer. Engaged in making out our pay rolls for the months of November and December. Had no mail this day. Lt. Mills received a box of ex- press goods from home. A bottle of wine in it for me. Night becomes cold and stormy. Sunday, Dec. 28, 1862 Morning clear and cold. Three citizens from Indiana visits our Regiment. Day rather pleasant. Preaching at 2 P. M. by the Rev. Torrence. Made out ten day re- port and sent it to Brigade Headquarters. Lt. Mills re- ceives a letter from home. Friends in great distress about Brother Thompson. No news of importance this day. Night cold. Monday, Dec. 29, 1862 Morning cold. Lieut. Weaver of the 135th Vol. visits our camp. Rev. McGahey of Westmoreland County visits me. I hear through him of my friends, etc. Night cold. No news of importance. Tuesday, Dec. 30, 1862 Morning cold. Received orders to be ready to move at short notice with 60 rounds ammunition. Boys com- plain much on the prospects of leaving their comfortable quarters. Lieut. Coder with right flank of the Regiment ordered out on picket at 3 /z P. M. Wednesday, Dec. 31, 1862 Morning cold and stormy. Lieut. Coder with right flank of Regiment on picket. Col. Harden takes com- mand of the Brigade. He orders the Regiment to be mustered for pay at 5 P. M. A number of our men ar- rive from the convalescent camp. Reported that Jackson is marching on Alexandria. Mustered my Regiment. Received a letter from my wife. Friends all well at home. Mr. McGahey all night with me. [ 64 ]