An Account of our late Trou'bles in Virginia, written by Mrs. Ann Cotton, A List, c ^ those Y'hc :\ xve heen executed for the I.-.te lollion In Virginia, by Sir Williair BerJ^eley. ^■IlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllJIIIIIII 1 Trinity College Lil)rary 1 Durham, N. C. Rec'd _ /_ >1 1 1 _ _ _ 1 AMERICAN Colonial Tracts MONTHLY Number Nine January 1898 AN ACCOUNT OF OUR LATE TROUBLES IN VIRGINIA, WRITTEN IN 1676 BY MRS. ANN COTTON OF Q. CREEK. PUBLISHED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPT, IN THE RICH- MOND (VA.) ENQUIRER OF I2TH SEPTEMBER, 1804. A LIST OF THOSE WHO HAVE BEEN EX- ECUTED FOR THE LATE REBELLION IN VIR- GINIA, BY SIR WILLIAM BERKELEY, GOVERNOR OF THE COLONY. c Price 25 Cents $3.00 a Year Published by - ' GEORGE P HUMPHREY ROCHESTER Foreign Agents GAY & BIRD London England COLONIAL TRACTS, issued monthly, is designed to offer in convenient form and at a reasonable price some of the more valuable pamphlets relating to the early history of America which have hitherto been inaccessible to the general public, although of so much importance to the historical student. Single numbers at 25 cents each, or $'^.00 by the year, in advance, may be ordered through any bookseller, from the publisher, George P. Humphrey, 25 Exchange Street, Rochester, N. Y., or Gay & Bird, 22 Bedford Street, Strand, London, W. C., England, agents for Europe and the Colonies. The number for February will con- tain A Narrative of the Indian and Civil Wars in Virginia, in the years 1675 1676. Recently Issued. HISTORIC NEW YORK— The Half Moon Series. Edited by Maud Wilder Goodwin, Alice Carrington Royce, and Ruth Putnam. Illustrated, 8vo, gilt top. $2.50 CONTENTS. Fort Amsterdam. By Maud Wilder Goodwin. The Stadt Huys of New Amsterdam. By Alice Morse Earle. Wall Street. By Oswald Garrison Villard. Annetje Jan's Farm. By Ruth Putnam. The City Chest of New Amsterdam. By E. Dana Durand. Old Wells and Water-Courses. By George Everett Hill and George E Waring Jr. Part I. Old Wells and Water-Courses. Part II. By George Everett Hill and George E. Waring, Jr. Old Greenwich. By Elizabeth Bisland. The Fourteen Miles Round. By Alfred Bishop Mason and Mary Murdock Mason. King's College. By John B. Pine. The Bowery. By Edward Ringwood Hewitt and Mary Ashley Hewitt. Governor's Island. By Blanche Wilder Bellamy. Entered at the Rochester Post-Office as Second Class Matter. AN ACCOUNT OF OUR LATE TROUBLES IN VIRGINIA WRITTEN IN 1676 BY MRS. AN. COTTON, OF Q. CREEKE. Published from the original manuscript in the Richmond (Va.) Enquirer of 12 September, 1804. NO 9 JANUARY i8q8 Colonial tracts Pubiished by GEORGE P HUMPHREY ROCHESTER N Y VOL.1. COLONIAL TRACTS N0.9. OUR LATE TROUBLES. To Mr. C. H., at Yardly, in Northampto7ishire : C IR : I having seen yours directed to , and con- ^ sidering that you cannot have your desires satisfied that way, for the forementioned reasons, I have by his permission adventured to send you this brief account of those affairs, so far as I have been informed. The Susquehanians and Marylanders of friends being engaged enemies, as hath by former letter been hinted to you, and that the Indians being resolutely bent not to forsake their fort, it came to this point, that the Marylanders were obliged, finding themselves too weak to do the work themselves, to sup- plicate — too soon granted — aid of the Virginians, put under the conduct of one Colonel Washington, him whom you have some- times seen at your house, who, being joined with the iVlary- landers, invests the Indians in their fort with a negligent siege, upon which the enemy made several sallies, with as many losses to the besiegers, and at last gave them the opportunity to desert the fort, after that the English had, contrary to the law of arms, beat out the brains of six great men sent out to treat a peace ; an action of ill-consequence, as it proved afterwards, for the Indians having in the dark slipped through the Legure, and in their passage knocked ten of the besiegers on the head, whom they found fast asleep, leaving the rest to prosecute the siege (as Scoging's wife brooding the eggs that the fox had sucked), they resolved to employ their liberty in avenging their commissioners' blood, which they speedily effected in the death of sixty innocent souls, and then sent in their remonstrance to the governor in justification of the fact, with this expostulation annexed : demanding what it was moved him to take up arms against them, his professed friends, in behalf of the Mary- landers, their avowed enemies ; declaring their sorrow^ to see the Virginians of friends to become such violent enemies as to 4 pursue the chase into another's dominions ; complains that their messengers, sent out for peace, were not only knocked on the head, but the fact countenanced by the governor, for which, finding no other way to be satisfied, they had revenged them- selves by killing ten for one of the English, such being the dis- proportion between their men murdered and those by them slain, theirs being persons of quality, the other of inferior rank ; professing that if they may have a valuable satisfaction for the damage they had sustained by the English, and that the Vir- ginians would withdraw their aid from the Marylanders' quarrel ; that then they would renew the league with Sir W. B.,* otherwise they would prosecute the war to the last man, and the hardest fend of. This was fair play from foul gamesters. But the proposals not to be allowed of as being contrary to the honor of the English, the Indians proceed, and, having drawn the neighbor- ing Indians into their aid in a short time, they committed abundance of unguarded and unrevenged murders, by which means a great many of the outward plantations were deserted, the doing whereof did not only terrify the whole colon}/, but supplanted what esteem the people formerly had for Sir W. B., whom they judged too remiss in applying means to stop the fury of the heathen, and to settle their affections and expecta- tions upon one Esquire Bacon, newly come to the country, one of the council, and nearly related to your late wife's father-in- law, whom they desired might be commissioned general for the Indian war, which Sir William, for some reasons best known to himself, denying, the gentleman, without any scruple, accepts of a commission from the people's affections, signed by the emergencies of affairs and the country's danger, and so forth- with advanced with a small party, composed of such that own his authority, against the Indians, on whom, it is said, he did signal execution. In his absence he, and those with him, were declared rebels to the state, May 29th, and forces raised to reduce him to his obedience, at the head of which the governor advanced some thirty or forty miles to find Bacon out, but not knowing which way he was gone, he dismissed his army, retiring himself and council to Jamestown, there to be ready for the assembly, which was now upon the point of * Sir William Berkeley, the Governor of Virginia. o meeting, whither Bacon, some few days after his return home from his hidian march, repaired to render an account of his services, for which he, and most of those with him in the expedition, were imprisoned ; from whence they were freed by a judgment in court upon Bacon's trial, himself readmitted into the council, and promised a commission the Monday following (this was on Saturday) against the Indians ; with which deluded, he smothers his resentments, and begs leave to visit his lady, now sick, as he pretended, which being granted, he returns to town at the head of four or five hundred men, well armed, and resumed his demands for a commission, which, after some hours' struggle with the governor, being obtained, according to his desire, he takes order for the country's security against the attempts of sculking Indians, fills up his numbers and provisions according to the gage of his commission, and so once more advanced against the Indians, who, hearing of his approach, called in their runners and scouts, betaking them- selves to their subterfuges and lurking-holes. The general, for so he was now denominated, had not reached the head of York river, but that a post overtakes him and inform.s him that Sir W. B. was raising the train-bands in Gloucester, with an intent either to fall into his rear, or otherwise to cut him off when he should return, weary and spent from his Indian ser- vice. This strange news put him and those with him shrewdly to their trumps, believing that a few such deals or shui^les, call them which you will, might quickly ring both cards and game out of his hands ; he saw that there was an absolute necessity of destroying the Indians, and that there was some care to be taken for his own and the army's safety, otherwise the work might happen to be wretchedly done, where the laborers were made cripples, and be compelled instead of a sword to make use of a crutch. It vexed him to the heart, as he said, to think that while he was a hunting wolves, tigers, and bears, which daily destroyed our harmless and innocent lambs, that he and those with him should be pursued in the rear with a full cry, as more savage beasts; he perceived, like the corn, he was light between those stones, which might grind him to powder if he did not look the better about him, for the prevent- ing of which, after a short consultation with his officers, he countermarched his arm)^, about five hundred in all, down to 6 the middle plantation, of which the governor being informed, ships himself and adherers for Accomack (for the Gloster men refused to own his quarrel against the general), after he had caused Bacon, in these parts, to be proclaimed a rebel once more, July 29th. Bacon, being sate down with his army at the middle plantation, sends out an invitation to all the prime gentlemen in these parts, to give him a meeting in his quarters, there to consult how the Indians were to be proceeded against, and himself and army protected against the designs of Sir W. B., against whose papers of the twenty-ninth of May, and his proclamation since, he puts forth his replication and those papers upon these dilemmas. First, whether persons wholly devoted to the king and country, haters of sinister and by-respects, adventuring their lives and fortunes to kill and destroy all in arms against king and country ; that never plotted, contrived, or endeavored the destruction, detriment, or wrong, of any of his majesty's sub- jects, their lives, fortunes, or estates, can deserve the names of rebels and traitors. Secondly, he cites his own and soldiers' peaceable behavior, calling the whole country to witness against him if they can ; he upbraids some in authority with the mean- ness of their parts, others, now rich, with the meanness of their estates when they came into the country, and questions by what just ways they have obtained their wealth, whether they have not been the sponges that have sucked up the public treasury ; questions what arts, sciences, schools of learning, or manufactories, have been promoted in authority ; justifies his aversion in general against the Indians ; upbraids the governor for maintaining their quarrel, though ever so unjust, against the Christians' rights, his refusal to admit an Englishman's oath against an Indian, when that Indian's bare word should be accepted of against an Englishman ; said some- thing against the governor concerning the beaver trade, as not in his power to dispose of to his own profit, it being a monopoly of the crown ; questions whether the traders at the heads of the rivers, being his factors, do not buy and sell the blood of their brethren and countrymen, by furnishing the Indians with powder, shot, and firearms, contrary to the laws of the colony ; he arraigns one Colonel Cowell's assertion, for saying that 7 the English are bound to protect the Indians, to the hazard of their blood ; and so concludes with an appeal to the king and parliament, where he doubts not but that his and the people's cause will be impartially heard. To comply with the general's invitation, hinted in my former letter, there was a great convention of the people met him in his quarters, the result of which meeting was an engagement, for the people (of whatsoever quality, excepting servants) to subscribe to, consisting of three heads : First, to be aiding, with their lives and estates, the general in the Indian war ; secondly, to oppose Sir William's designs, if he had any, to hinder the same; and lastly, to protect the general, army, and all that should subscribe to this engagement, against any power that should be sent out of England, till it should be granted that the country's complaint might be heard, against Sir William, before the king and parliament^. These three heads being methodized and put into form by the clerk of the assembly, who happened to be at this meeting, and read to the people, they held a dis- pute from almost noon till midnight, pro and con, whether the same might, in the last article especialy, be without danger taken. The general, and some others of the chief men, were resolute in the affirmative, asserting its innocency, and protest- ing, without it, he would surrender up his commission to the assembly, and let them find other servants to do the country's work ; this, and the news that the Indians were falling down into Gloster county, and had killed some people around Carter's creek, made the people willing to take the engagement. The chief men who subscribed it at this meeting were Colonel Swan, Colonel Beale, Colonel Ballard, Esquire Bray, all four of the council. Colonel Jordan, Colonel Smith of Purton, Col- onel Scarsbrook, Colonel Miller, Colonel Lawrance, and Mr. Drommond, late governor of Carolina, all persons with whom you have been formerly acquainted. This work being over, and orders given for an assembly to sit on the fourth of September, the writs being issued in his majesty's name, and signed by four of the council, before named, the general once more sets out to find the Indians : of which Sir William having gained intelligence, to prevent Bacon's designs by the assembly, returns from Accomack with about one thousand soldiers, and others, in five ships and ten sloops, 8 to Jamestown, in which were some nine hundred Baconians, for so now they began to be called for a mark of distinction, under the command of Colonel Hansford, who was commis- sioned by Bacon to raise forces, if need were, in his absence, for the safety of the country. Unto these Sir William sends in a summons for a rendition of the place, with a pardon to all that would decline Bacon's, and entertain his cause. What was returned to this summons I i