X:t 
 
TEEASUHL ROOM 
 
 George Washiyigtoyi Flowers 
 Memorial Collection 
 
 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 
 ESTABLISHED BY THE 
 
 FAMILY or 
 
 COLONEL FLOWERS 
 
ry^:f'i^^^^iy^/. 
 
 
>Vv<-^S.^V. '^'"^ ^v»»% .<; 
 
 \ 
 
THE 
 
 €Q\\U)itx'dt states of ^.lucrica 
 
 IN PROPHECY. 
 
 BY 
 
 THE REV. W. H. SEAT, 
 
 OF THE TEXAS CONFERENCE. 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR, 
 
 AT THE 
 
 SOUTHERN METHODIST PUBLISHING HOUSE. 
 1861. 
 
Digitized by tlie Internet Arcliive 
 in 2010 witli funding from 
 Dul<e University Libraries 
 
 littp ://www.arch ive .0 rg/detai Is/co nf ede ratestateOOseat 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface Page v 
 
 CHAP. I THE FOUR GRE.\T MONARCHIES. 
 
 Babylonian empire — Medo-Persiaa empire — Grecian 
 or Macedonian empire — Roman empire — Ten toes and 
 ten horns — Little horn — Iron- and clay — Reconstruc- 
 tion of the Roman empire 7 
 
 > 
 CHAP. II.— THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The closing symbols in the visions agree — The mount- 
 ain with the Ancient of days — The stone with the 
 one like the Son of man — Tlie te.\t — Bishop Newton — 
 Civil governments — Tenor of the visions — Necessi- 
 ties of the case — The Ancient of days not God in 
 person, in nature, in revelation, in providence, but 
 in government — Stone not the Church — Date — 
 Baldwin — Conflict with despotism; from without; 
 sudden — Takes the place of the despotism it destroys 
 — Called a ''kingdom" — Dr. Clarke's exposition — Dr. 
 Baldwin's — Haimonyof the visions 23 
 
 CHAP. III.— THE UNITED STATES— CONTINUED. 
 
 The mountain and the Ancient identified with tlio 
 mountain of the Lord's house, or Israel restored — 
 The typical system — The church — The state — Israel 
 
 (iii) 
 
 359330 
 
iV CONTENTS. 
 
 restored not spiritiuilly — not literally — but in the 
 antitype Page 42 
 
 CHAP. IV.— THE UNITED STATES— CONTINUED. 
 
 The Fifth Kingdom the United States — Proofs presump- 
 tive and direct — United States probably in prophecy 
 — Her extent, growth, power, a Free Nationality — 
 Date of the Fifth Power— Judges — The Little Horn 
 — Outside the Roman Empire 53 
 
 CHAP, v.— THE CONFEDERATE STATES. 
 
 The closing symbols represent the Confederate States 
 — The stone cut out of the mountain — without 
 hands — Isa. Ixvi. 7, 8. — Isa. ii., iii., iv. — The moun- 
 tain of the house of the Lord — The trouble of Zion 
 — The seven women — Micah iv., v. — The mountain 
 of the house — The remnant — The 'first dominion — 
 The birth of the Savior — Birth of the man child — 
 Seven shepherds, and eight principal men — The 
 war 80 
 
 CHAP. VI.— THE CONFEDERATE STATES— CONTINUED. 
 
 Zechariah's prophecies — Division of the Union — Bor- 
 der States as the slain shepherds — The eleven States 
 as "the third" — The divided mountain — Ezek. xxxiv. 
 — The gathered flock judged and divided — Isa. Ixv. 
 11-16 — The Northern Army — The American Flag — 
 Division — Contrast — One like the Son of man — 
 Character of the government — How established — 
 AVhen it appears 108 
 
 Conclusion 133 
 
^rtfiuc. 
 
 This little book contains no adequate discus- 
 sion of the subject of which it treats, but rather 
 an exposition of the grand prophetic visions re- 
 corded in Dan. ii. and vii., as corroborated and 
 explained by other prophecies of the Old Testa- 
 ment Scriptures. Our object has been, in dis- 
 coursing and lecturing during a hurried and 
 laborious tour through the Confederate States, 
 and is now, in the publication of this little work, 
 to call attention to the subject, and, if not to con- 
 vince, at least induce a more careful examination 
 of the prophecies, and prepare the mind for such 
 manifestations of the truth, as Providence may 
 furnish in the events of the future. 
 
 It may be thought that too much space is oc- 
 cupied with the United States in prophecy; but 
 there is such an intimate connection between the 
 fifth and sixth symbols in the visions, as to ren- 
 der the clear identification of the fifth essential. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to acknowledge indebted- 
 ness to Dr. Baldwin, as to this department, in 
 view of the references to, and quotations from 
 
 S5933Q 
 
Vi PREFACE. 
 
 Lis book, to be found in tbe discussion itself, 
 though we have endeavored to extend and 
 strengthen the argument. We differ with him, 
 as the reader will see, in the application of the 
 symbols. We have endeavored to show that the 
 United States were not only "the Ancient of 
 days," but also 'Hhe mountain." When this is 
 fully made out, the identification of the Confed- 
 erate States as the sixth power, or the stone cut 
 out of the mountain, is easy, and even necessary. 
 The book is given to the public, not because 
 an ingenious theory could be framed suitable to 
 the prejudices and wishes of our people, but be- 
 cause we believe these things to be true, and 
 that if true they ought to be understood. 
 
 The work has been, under the pressure of cir- 
 cumstances, hastily written and passed through 
 the press, and is not as thorough in some of its 
 discussions, or as perspicuous in style, as could be 
 desired. For its blemishes and defects, the 
 reader's indulgence is craved. It is given to 
 the public with the earnest prayer that the Di- 
 vine blessing may be upon it, as an humble at- 
 tempt to unfold his providence and his Word. 
 
 Nashville, October 1, 1861. 
 
THE 
 
 Coiiftbtote SWcs ill ^ro|^tcg» 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE FOUR GREAT MONARCHIES. 
 
 Babylonian empire — Medo-Persian empire — Greciaa 
 or Macedonian empire — Roman empire — Ten toes and 
 ten horns — Little horn— Iron and clay — Reconstrud- 
 tion of the Roman empire. 
 
 The vision of Nebuchadnezzar, and the first 
 of Daniel's visions, recorded respectively^ in the 
 second and seventh chapters of the book of Daniel, 
 furnish, it is believed, the key to the leading na- 
 tional and political prophecies, both of the Old 
 and New Testament Scriptures. 
 
 The identity in meaning of these vivsions is en- 
 tirely apparent. Dr. Clarke says of the first vision 
 of Daniel, "This dream is the same in meaning, 
 under different emblems, as that of Nebuchad- 
 nezzar's metallic image ; but in Daniel's dream 
 several circumstanees are added." Scott also 
 declares, "It contains for substance the same 
 prophetical intimations with Nebuchadnezzar's 
 
 (7) 
 
8 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 dream, but under different allusions, and with 
 many additional circumstances." .Bishop Newton 
 says, ''What was revealed unto Nebuchadnezzar 
 in the second year of his reign concerning the 
 four great empires of the world, was again re- 
 vealed unto Daniel, (chap, vii.,) with some en- 
 largements and additions, in the first year of 
 Belshazzar, that is, about eight and forty years 
 afterwards.'^ This identity will more fully ap- 
 pear as we proceed in the investigation. 
 
 We invite attention to these four great succes- 
 sive empires, in the order in which they appear 
 in the visions. In Nebuchadnezzar's vision they 
 are represented as a great metallic image, consist- 
 ing of four sections ; in Daniel's vision, as four 
 successive beasts. 
 
 I. THE BABYLONIAN OR CHALDEAN EMPIRE. 
 
 The description is thus: "This image's head 
 was of fine gold." (ii. 32.) " The first (beast) was 
 like a lion, and had eagle's wings ; and I beheld 
 till the wings were plucked, and it was made to 
 stand upon the feet as a man, and a man's heart 
 was given to it. (vii. 4.) That these symbols 
 represent the empire of Babylon all interpreters 
 of prophecy agree. This is, indeed, positively 
 fixed by the prophet, who, addressing Ncbuchad- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 9 
 
 Tiezzar as king of Babylon, says, ^^Thou art tliis 
 head of gold." The head of gold, the likeness 
 to a lion, the king of beasts, with wings of an 
 eagle, the king of birds, signify the wealth and 
 glory of this monarchy. The '' eagle's wings'' 
 denote rapidity of conquest, together with the 
 addition of other governments to the central one, 
 and thus the formation of an extended empire. 
 ^'The wings were plucked, and it was lifted up 
 from the earth;" or, as Grotius explains it, ^'the 
 wings thereof were plucked, wherewith it was 
 lifted up from the earth," denoting cessation of 
 conquests, together with the loss of some already 
 made, as Lydia, Media, and Persia, and general 
 diminution of national territory and strength, 
 until the empire was overthrown by the Medes 
 and Persians. The pride of Nebuchadnezzar was 
 humbled, and the people became, after their con- 
 quests were over, rather after the fall of the em- 
 pire, more humane; which may be signified ac- 
 cording to Newton, by the phrase ''a man's heart 
 was given unto it." (Verse 4.) 
 
 II. THE MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE. 
 
 This is described as ^Hhe breast and arms of 
 silver" in the great image, (ii, 32,) and in the 
 succession of beasts as being 'Mike to a bear, and 
 
10 THE CUNFEDERATE STATES 
 
 it raised itself up ou one side, and it had three 
 ribs in the mouth of it, between the teeth of it, 
 and they said unto it, Arise and devour much 
 flesh/' (vii. 5.) 
 
 The silver in the image denotes that this em- 
 pire was ''inferior/' as the prophet states, to the 
 *'head of gold." The "breast and arras" signify 
 the union of the Medes and Persians in one em- 
 pire. Ancient historians stigmatize the Medes 
 and Persians as being the greatest robbers and 
 spoilers that ever oppressed the nations, which 
 inay»serve to explain the fact of their being com- 
 pared to a bear. "Raised itself on one side," 
 may point to its elevation to supreme power by 
 Cyrus, as representing the Persians. "Three 
 ribs in the mouth of it," may point out the king- 
 doms of Babylon, Lydia, and Egypt, which were 
 oppressed by it. Its cruelty and extent of con- 
 quests are signified by its "devouring much 
 flesh." 
 
 III. THE GRECIAN OR MACEDONIAN EMPIRE. 
 
 This empire supplanted and succeeded the 
 Medo-Persian, as that had overthrown and suc- 
 ceeded the Babylonian, and is necessarily the 
 third in order. It is represented in the image 
 as "the belly and thighs of brass/' (ii. 32,) and 
 
 4 
 
 ^ 
 
IN PROPHECY. 11 
 
 in Daniel's vision as a "beast like a leopard, and 
 it had four wings of a fowl ; the beast also had 
 four heads ; and dominion was given to it," 
 
 The brass of the image may signify greater 
 moral baseness than was found in the preceding 
 empires, and yet greater capacity for conquest. 
 Jerome is more complimentary to the brazen 
 idea: "For among all metals, brass is more vocal 
 and tinkles louder, and its sound is diffused far 
 and wide, that it portended not only the fame 
 and power of the kingdom, but also the eloquence 
 of the Greek language," 
 
 The "leopard," a spotted animal, signifies ac- 
 cording to Bochart, the different manners of the 
 nations Alexander commanded — a swift ani- 
 mal, and having also four wings, indicating 
 amazing and unparalleled rapidity of conquest. 
 The "four heads" denote the four kingdoms into 
 which this third empire was divided. In this 
 division Cassander had Macedon and Greece — - 
 Lysander, Thrace and Bythinia — Seleucus, Syria 
 — and Ptolemy, Egypt. Of these, Syria and 
 Egypt became far more powerful than the 
 others, as indicated in the two "thighs" of the 
 image. 
 
 All writers on this subject identify the sections 
 of the image, and the beast in the other visions 
 
12 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 which we have noticed, as being in meaning the 
 same, and as pointing to the Babylonian, Medo- 
 Persian, and Grecian empires. 
 
 IV. THE ROMAN EMPIRE. 
 
 This is represented in the vision of the image 
 by the ^'legs of iron, and his feet part of iron 
 and part of clay," which latter mixed character 
 is also given of the toes of the feet. (ii. 33-42.) 
 In the vision of the beasts, this fourth beast, for 
 which no appropriate name could be found, is 
 characterized as being "dreadful and terrible, 
 and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron 
 teeth : and it devoured and brake in pieces, 
 and stamped the residue with the feet of it : 
 and it was diverse from all the beasts that 
 were before it : and it had ten horns. I 
 considered the horns, and there came up among 
 them another little horn, before whom there were 
 three of the first horns plucked up ; and, behold, 
 in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, 
 and a mouth speaking great things/' (vii. 7, 8.) 
 As to the strength of this kingdom, we have this 
 further explanation given by Daniel to Nebuchad- 
 nezzar : "And the fourth kingdom shall be 
 strong as iron : forasmuch as iron breaketh in 
 pieces and gubdueth all things : and as iron 
 
IN PROPHECY. 13 
 
 breaketh all these, shall it break in pieces and 
 bruise." Corresponding to this is the interpreta- 
 tion given to Daniel by the angel, in chap. vii. 
 <'Then I (Daniel) would know the truth of the 
 fourth beast, which was diverse from all the 
 others, exceeding dreadful, whose teeth were of 
 iron, and his nails of brass; which devoured, 
 brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with 
 his feet." (Verse 19.) And he was thus answered 
 by the angel : (verse 23 ;) ''The fourth beast shall 
 be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall 
 be diverse from all kingdoms, and shall devour 
 the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and 
 break it in pieces." 
 
 The chronology of the empire thus described 
 as succeeding the Babylonian, the Medo-Persian, 
 and the Macedonian, with the remarkable de- 
 scription of its unequalled and resistless power, 
 as given in these visions, would enable almost 
 any schoolboy in the land to identify it as the 
 terrible Roman empire. 
 
 "All ancient writers, both Jewish and Chris- 
 tian,'^ says Bishop Newton, "agree with Jerome 
 in explaining the fourth kingdom to be the Ro- 
 man. Poryhyry, who was a heathen and an 
 enemy to Christ, was the first who broached the 
 other opinion, which, though it hath been main- 
 
14 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 taincd since l>y soiue of the moderns, is yet not 
 only destitute of authority, but is even contrary 
 to the authority of both Scripture and history. 
 It is a just observation of Mr. Mede, who was as 
 able and consummate a judge as any, in these 
 matters: 'The Roman empire to be the fourth 
 kingdom of Daniel, was believed by the church 
 t)f Israel, both before and in our Saviour's time, 
 received by the disciples and apostles, and the 
 whole Christian Church for the first three hun- 
 dred years without any known contradiction,'" 
 *' The other opinion" referred to, is the preten- 
 sion "as absurd as it is singular," that the king- 
 doms of Syria and Egypt, which belonged to the 
 third kingdom, and are represented by the thighs 
 of brass, constitute the fourth. The learned 
 Bishop indignantly and successfully refutes this 
 absurd theory of a mere faction of interpreters 
 of prophecy. For the identification of the Roman 
 empire as the fourth kingdom represented in the 
 two visions under consideration, the reader is re- 
 ferred to almost any author who has written on 
 these subjects since the rise of that empire. 
 
 This will also more fully appear from further 
 examination of these prophecies of the fourth 
 kingdom. 
 
 The two legs of the image as descriptive of the 
 
IN PROPHECY. ^^ 
 
 Konian empire may signify the division of the 
 empire into the eastern and western, with some 
 reference it may be to the dual consuUite in the 
 earlier period of its history, when it was specially 
 <' diverse from all other kingdoms" in having a 
 republican form of government. 
 
 THE BROKEN EMPIRE. 
 
 The "ten toes" of the image, and the "ten 
 horns" of the beast, which phrases, as all agree, 
 have the same meaning, are the ten primary king- 
 doms into which the Roman empire was finally 
 divided. "These are indeed," says Scott, 
 '^ reckoned up in several ways by different writers, 
 according to the date assigned by the enumera- 
 tion ; but, in general it is clear that the principal 
 kingdoms in Europe at this day sprung from 
 them, and comprise them, excepting some of the 
 more northern regions, and those possessed by the 
 
 Turks." 
 
 The historian Machiavel, Mr. Mede, Bishop 
 Lloyd, and Sir Isaac Newton, are quoted by Bishop 
 Newton, as calculating the divisions of the Roman 
 empire for different periods, with the same result 
 as to the number, ten. The Bishop remarks 
 further. " As if that number of ten had been fatal 
 
16 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 in the Roman dominions, it hath been taken 
 notice of on particular occasions ; as about 
 A. D. 1240, Eberard, Bishop of Saltsburg, in the 
 diet of Ratisbon. At the time of the Reforma- 
 tion there were also ten ; so that the Roman em- 
 pire was divided into ten in a manner first and last. 
 Mr. Whiston wrote in 1706, Hhat as the num- 
 ber of the kingdoms into which the Roman em- 
 pire in Europe agreeably to the ancient prophe- 
 cies, was originally divided A. D. 456, was ex- 
 actly ten, so it it is very nearly returned to the 
 same condition/ '' As the third kingdom was di- 
 vided into four parts, so the fourth was di- 
 vided into ten. And, as Sir Isaac Newton says, 
 *^ whatever was their number afterwards, they are 
 still called the ten kings from their first number.'' 
 Machiavel's reckoning of the ten toes and the 
 ten horns or kingdoms, is thus : First, the 
 Ostrogoths of Moesia; second, the Visigoths, of 
 Pannonia; third, the Sueves and Aluns of Gas- 
 coigne and Spain ; fourth, the Vandals in 
 Africa; fifth, the Franks in France; sixth, the 
 Burgundians in Burgundy ; seventh, the Ileruli 
 and Turingi in Italy ; eighth, the Saxons and 
 Angles in Britain ; ninth, the Huns in Hungary ; 
 tenth, the Lombards, at first upon the Danube, 
 afterwards in Italy. 
 
IN PROPHECY. 17 
 
 The Little Horn. — The fathers as Irenaeus, 
 St. Cyril, St. Jerome, and others, interpreted 
 this of Antichrist. Among Protestant writers, 
 both the little horn and Antichrist are under- 
 stood to mean the Papal power. The three 
 kingdoms subdued by the little horn, are under- 
 stood by Scott to be those of the Heruli, the 
 Ostrogoths, and the Lombards. Dr. Clarke and 
 Sir Isaac Newton understand by them the Ex- 
 archate of Ravenna, the kingdoms of the Lom- 
 bards, and the States of Rome. 
 
 The coincidences of the little horn with the 
 papacy are abundant and decisive. He is the 
 little horn from the smallness of his beginning 
 and of his territorial dominion. " He shall be 
 diverse from the rest,'^ as being an ecclesiastical 
 more than a temporal power.'' " And in this 
 horn were eyes like the eyes of a man," denoting 
 superintendence, cunning, policy. " He had a 
 mouth speaking great things,'' full of boasting, 
 promising to absolve from all sins, threatening 
 with destruction kings and kingdoms, and all 
 others who oppose his authority. " His look was 
 more stout than his fellows" — the Pope assuming 
 superiority, not only over his fellow bishops, but 
 over the kingdoms of the world. " And he shall 
 speak great words against the Most High," or as 
 
18 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 Synmiachus haus it, " he shall spoak as if he were 
 God," claiming to be infallible, to forgive sins, 
 to be higher than the kings of the earth ; all 
 which belong only to God. *' In Gratian's de- 
 cretals the Pope hath the title of God given to 
 him." *' And he shall wear out the saints of 
 the Most High," by wara^ massacres, and in- 
 quisitions, persecuting and destroying the faith- 
 ful servants of Jesus, and the true worshippers 
 of God who protest against his innovations, and 
 refuse to comply with the idolatry practiced by 
 the Church of Rome; as Bishop Newton ex- 
 plains it, '* And he shall think to change 
 times and laws," which Dodd interprets, "ap- 
 pointing fasts and feasts, canonizing persons 
 whom he chooses to call saints, granting pardons 
 and indulgences far sins, instituting new modes 
 of worship utterly unknown to the Christian 
 Church, new articles of faith, new rules, and re- 
 versing at pleasure the laws both of God and 
 man." All these particulars are descriptive of 
 the Papal and of no other power. " Until a time, 
 times, and the dividing of time." This is usually 
 understood to be three and a half prophetic years, 
 which reckoning thirty days to the month, and a 
 day for a year, would make 12G0 years. 
 
 The little horn which unites the spiritual with 
 
IN PROPHECY. 
 
 19 
 
 the civil is the State Church of Europe. And 
 the same idea of the union of church and state 
 which it represents as being itself a dual power, 
 and as growing among the horns on the head of 
 the beast, is set forth in the vision of the 
 metallic image by the union of the clay with the 
 iron in the feet and toes. Such is not indeed 
 the interpretation usually given of this figure. 
 St. Jerorne, who lived to see the incursions of 
 the barbarians, but did not live to see the loftiest 
 pretensions and darkest corruptions of popery in 
 the middle ages, understood it to mean the mix- 
 ture of barbarism with civilization in the em- 
 pire, and he has been generally followed in this 
 by Scripture interpreters. But the identity of 
 the two visions requires the interpretation for 
 which we contend. It is true that the vision of 
 Daniel contains some explanatory circumstances 
 which are not found in that of Nebuchadnezzar; 
 but it is also true that the latter vision contains 
 some very important particulars not found in the 
 former. The two visions confessedly agree as to 
 leading items. The little horn in the one vision 
 is a very material point, without which it would 
 be incomplete as a representation of Roman 
 history. And is it possible that so important an 
 item can be left out of the other vibion, so that 
 
20 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 the whole idea of the little horn is isiiiored, 
 together with that which corresponds with it in 
 the history ? If this be so, how can the great 
 image be a correct representation, even in general 
 items of the scope of history it is designed to 
 embrace ? It may be true, that as prophecy has 
 generally a double application, the mixture of 
 clay with iron in the feet and toes of the image 
 may receive illustration from the incursion of 
 barbarians, but is it rational that it should mean 
 this mainly, much less exclusively, when the 
 same figure would explain more forcibly the 
 church and state union in accordance with the 
 truth of history, and with the setting forth in 
 the other vision ? We are strongly in favor, 
 therefore, of Dr. Baldwin's theory as contained 
 in Armageddon, pp. 123-4-5 : " The term, they 
 shall mingle themselves with the seed of men, 
 conveys with great clearness the idea of the de- 
 gradation of a superior class of persons by 
 mingling with the seed of men in natural 
 affairs. It is very similar to a passage in Genesis, 
 which speaks of the corruption of the sons of 
 God by uniting with the daughters of men. 
 The mingling with seed of men by this superior 
 class also conveys plainly the notion of a spiritual 
 people uniting with a political power. Indeed, 
 
IN PROPHECY. 21 
 
 as no two classes of men can be found in the 
 world corresponding to the two in the text ex- 
 cept spiritual and carnal people, the union of 
 these two classes in the fourth empire, must 
 represent church and state union in it, and as in 
 the Koman or fourth great empire, such a union 
 did exist, the case is a very clear one, that the 
 mingled clay represented the Church of' Christ 
 corrupted by union with the civil power of 
 Rome represented by the iron." 
 
 THE RECONSTRUCTED EMPIRE. 
 
 The reconstruction of the Roman empire for 
 which Dr. Baldwin contends, is, we think, repre- 
 sented in the fact that the image is a chronolo- 
 gical one, that the toes appear after the feet, that 
 the stone is cut out of the mountain after 
 the toes appear, and yet, that the stone strikes 
 the feet of the image. This reorganization is 
 a vast and powerful embodiment of the spirit of 
 the Roman empire, nay, of all these empires, 
 without special reference to locality or form of 
 government. This reconstruction in S2nrit is 
 signified in the fact that when the stone strikes 
 the image it finds and destroys the gold and silver 
 and brass, as well as the iron and clay ; indeed, 
 
22 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 the material of the whole image, both avS to suc- 
 cessive and specific characteristics, and the 
 spirit that pervades the whole — the spirit of 
 monarchy and despotism. This is still more 
 clearly set forth in the fact, that when in the 
 other vision it is said that the " beasts had their 
 dominion taken away, their lives were prolonged, 
 or rather a prolonging of life was given them, for 
 a season and time." This is no representation 
 of the bodies of the beasts, t, e., the nations 
 which exist now where the beasts held their sway, 
 but of the spirit of despotism which, while 
 manifesting specific characteristics in each suc- 
 cessive power, passed down the line of dominion 
 until, in the reconstructed feet of the great image, 
 or Rome reorganized in " the last end of the in- 
 dignation," it is crushed by the *' stone cut out 
 of the mountain." 
 
IN PEOPHEOY. 23 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 FIFTH KINGDOM— THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 The closing symbols in the visions agree — The mount- 
 ain with the Ancient of Days — The stone with the 
 one like the Son of man — The text — Bishop Newton — 
 Civil governments — Tenor of the visions — Necessi- 
 ties of the case — The Ancient of days not God in 
 person, in nature, in revelation, in providence, but 
 in government — Stone not the Church — Date — 
 Baldwin — Conflict with despotism; from without; 
 sudden — Takes the place of the despotism it destroys — 
 Called a "kingdom" — Dr. Clarke's exposition — Dr. 
 Baldwin's — Harmony of the visions., 
 
 In Nebuchadnezzar's vision, after the entire 
 image representing the four successive mon- 
 archies is seen, even down to the feet and toes, 
 two other objects appear — "the mountain," and 
 the " stone cut out of the mountain." In Dan- 
 iel's vision, the four beasts, which also represent 
 the four monarchies, are succeeded by " the 
 Ancient of days," and " one like the Son of 
 man with the clouds of heaven." 
 
 Now, whatever these objects may represent, 
 they assuredly synchronize in the two visions. 
 
24 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 The 'Miiount^in" in the one, is "the Ancient of 
 daj's" in the other; and the "stone cut out of 
 the mountain" in the former, \S the "one like 
 the Son of man" in the latter. The consistency 
 of the visions M'ith each other, as jointly fur- 
 nishing, as they confessedly do, a dual repre- 
 sentation of the same successive kingdoms, 
 requires this interpretation. There are six 
 symbolic representations in each, and these six 
 respectively agree in the two visions. This, as 
 all agree, is the case with four of the symbols, 
 beginning with the first in each vision, and the 
 same is as certainly true of the remaining two. 
 
 This is further apparent, from the fact that 
 the same preeminent and perpetual dominion 
 which is ascribed to the " stone cut out of the 
 mountain, is ascribed to the " one like the 
 Son of man." Of the former, it is said 
 " it became a great mountain, and filled the 
 whole earth ^" and again, that " it shall never be 
 destroyed ; and the kingdom shall not be left 
 to other people, but it shall break in pieces, and 
 consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand 
 for ever." Of the latter it is said, "There was 
 given him dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, 
 that all people, nations, and languages, should 
 serve him : his dominion is an everlasting do- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 25 
 
 minion, which shall not pass away, and his king- 
 dom, that which shall not be destroyed." And 
 again, " The kingdom and dominion, and the 
 greatness of the kingdom under the whole 
 heaven, shall be given to the people of the saints 
 of the Most High, whose kingdom is an ever- 
 lasting kingdom, and all dominions shall serve 
 and obey him." Now this identity of the indi- 
 visible characteristics of universal and everlast- 
 ing dominion (which we shall endeavor to explain 
 in due time) positively fixes the identity of the 
 stone kingdom with the ^' one like the Son of 
 man." And this again as decisively identifies 
 the mountain with the Ancient of days. The 
 mountain immediately precedes the stone, just 
 as the Ancient immediately precedes the one 
 like the Son of man. The mountain succeeds 
 the metallic image, even the ten toes of that 
 image, just as " the Ancient" succeeds the four 
 beasts, even the ten horns of the fourth beast. 
 In the one vision, the mountain intervenes ^^ 
 between the image and 'the stone that breaks it, 
 while in the other " the Ancient" intervenes in 
 the same manner between the four beasts and 
 the " one like the Son of man." On the one 
 hq^d, the four sectiDus of the image and the 
 four beasts have been found to synchronize ; on 
 
26 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 the other hand, the stone kingdom and the one 
 like the Son of man arc the same. Therefore, 
 the mountain, which intervenes between the four 
 sections of the image and the stone, and the 
 Ancient of days, which intervenes between the 
 four beasts and the "one like the Son of man," 
 must inevitably be the same. Thus Bishop 
 Newton on Prophecy, p. 224 : " The $tone that 
 was cut out of the mounfnin without hands, and 
 became itself a mountain, and filled the whole 
 earth, is explained to be a kingdom, which shall 
 prevail over all other kingdoms, and become 
 universal and everlasting. In like manner, one 
 like the Son of man came to the Ancimt of 
 dai/a, and was advanced to a kingdom which 
 shall prevail likewise over all other kingdoms, 
 and become universal and everlasting." The 
 italicizing in this passage is intended to exhibit 
 more clearly that which the learned prelate de- 
 sitrned to show: the "concord and acrreement" 
 between these prophecies of Daniel. This 
 "concord and agreement" will more fully appear 
 as we proceed. 
 
 The mountiin thus identified with the Ancient 
 of days, and the stone cut out of the mountain 
 thus found to synchronize with the one like the 
 Son of man, arc civil governments. 
 
IN PROPHECY. 27 
 
 The consistency of the visions with them- 
 selves and with each other demands this inter- 
 pretation. The other symbols of the visions 
 confessedly mean civil governments. These 
 latter appear on the same field of vision. They 
 are seen thus to speak with the same prophetic 
 eyes. ^' The mountain" and " the stone" are as 
 visible and material as the four sections of the 
 metallic image ; and if the latter represent civil 
 or outward governments, so do the former. The 
 Ancient of days, and the one like the Son of 
 man, are just as tangible and visible as the wild 
 beasts that precede them. A man, whether old 
 or young, while differing in character from a 
 beast, is yet no less visible and tangible, and 
 equally suitable as a symbol of outward or civil 
 government. Indeed, all the symbols being of 
 precisely the same character as to the visible or 
 invisible, and occurring in concatenation in the 
 same visions, they must certainly be understood 
 in the same sense as to this question. If the 
 ^'mountain" and "stone" — if the "Ancient" 
 and the " one like the Son of man," mean the 
 inward and spiritual, then must the four sections 
 of the image and the four beasts, which are no 
 more material as emblems, also express the in- 
 ward and spiritual : with this single difference, 
 
28 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 however, that while the former indicate the 
 spiritual in a good sense, and thus symbolize true 
 reliu'ion, the latter indicate the spiritual in a bad 
 sense, and thus symbolize false religion. In this 
 con.sistent mode of interpretation, on the ground 
 assumed by the opponent, the civil is utterly lost 
 ill the spiritual throughout the visions, and there 
 is no representation of the successive empires 
 of the world. This is manifestly absurd. But, 
 on the other hand, if the sections of the image 
 and the corresponding beasts symbolize civil 
 governments^ then must ''the mountain" and 
 "stone," the "Ancient of days" and the "one 
 like the Son of man," which are equally visible 
 and tangible, and which immediately succeed 
 them, also represent civil governments, with, 
 however, this simple diiFerence : that, while the 
 former symbols point to oppressive and corrupt 
 governments, the latter symbols are expressive 
 of free and pure governments. 
 
 The interpretation for which we contend arises 
 out of the necessities of the case. If these are 
 not civil governments, what are they ? 
 
 Is it contended that the "Ancient of days" is 
 the eternal Father? This is Dr. Clarke's view. 
 And yet he says that Almighty God is nowhere 
 else represented as an old man. This fact of 
 
IN PROPHECY. 29 
 
 itself furnishes strong presumption that he is 
 not so represented here. Can the position of 
 the great commentator be sustained in view of 
 the prohibition of the immutable law of God, 
 that any visible representation should be made 
 of himself? This is the more impressively true 
 if a hypothesis can be found which will satisfy 
 the name and description here given, without 
 forcing upon the mind the painful alternative of 
 regarding them as unmeaning on the one hand, 
 or as descriptive of the eternal God as an old 
 man on the other. 
 
 The Ancient of days on his chariot-throne 
 cannot possibly be a representation of God per- 
 sonally for the above reasons, and for the further 
 one that he is a Spirit, without body or parts. 
 The ascription of eyes to God, which denote his 
 superintendence — of an arm to him, which points 
 out his power, exercised in protection or in wrath, 
 etc., is, to our conception, very diiferent from 
 describing him personalli/ as an old man. Ac- 
 cordingly, if this be a description of Almighty 
 God, it symbolizes him in some particular posi- 
 tion as to human aifairs, or as assuming some 
 special relation to mankind. Let us investigate 
 this thought. 
 
 It will not be contended that the Ancient of 
 
30 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 days is God in nature, appearing at a late period 
 in the world he has made. Nor docs he symbol- 
 ize God in RevelatujUy manifesting himself thus 
 so long after the sacred canon becomes complete. 
 Nor can the Ancient represent the Father in 
 general providence. This providence extends 
 over all nations and through all time. He rules 
 anions the inhabitants of the earth. The nations 
 are before him nothing, less than nothing, and 
 vanity. He cutteth oflF the spirit of princes. 
 He setteth up one and .putteth down another. 
 Daniel says to King Nebuchadnezzar, when ex- 
 plaining his dream, '' The God of heaven hath 
 given thee a kingdom, power, and strength, and 
 glory.'' There is a providence at the beginning, 
 as well as at the close of these visions. 
 
 If, therefore, the Ancient of days be a mani- 
 festation of Almighty God, it is in the form of 
 government. This is indicated by the terms 
 "thrones," ''sits," ''judgment," spoken of in 
 direct reference to the Ancient of days. This 
 cannot be the Divine government proper, for that 
 extends over the whole universe, and sweeps 
 through time and eternity. If there be a Divine 
 government here, it must be embodied in Church 
 or State. We have already noticed the absurd- 
 ity of supposing that four of the governments 
 
IN PROPHECY. 81 
 
 in this vision are civil, while the remaining are 
 ecclesiastical. Let us press this subject a little 
 further in this connection. 
 
 The Ancient of days cannot be the Church 
 of God. If so, how can it be true, as many 
 affirm, that the stone cut out of the mountain is 
 the Church ? For, as we have shown, the Ancient 
 synchronized with the mountain, and not with 
 the stone, which is identical with the one like the 
 Son of man. The Ancient and the stone cannot, 
 therefore, both symbolize the Church. 
 
 The dates of the appearance of the Ancient 
 of days and of the cutting of the stone out of 
 the mountain, utterly forbid the supposition that 
 one or both of them should represent the Church 
 of God. Daniel, in his vision, says, '^ I beheld, 
 and the same horn (the little horn) made war 
 with the saints, and prevailed against them ; 
 until the Ancient of days came, and judgment 
 was given to the saints of the Most High." It 
 is said, further, that this political or national 
 "judgment" was not to sit until the little horn 
 had worn out the saints of the Most High, and 
 lintil they had been given into his hand, " until 
 a time and times and the dividing of time," or, 
 as the commentators reckon, 1260 years. Thus 
 the Ancient was not to come until the Roman 
 
32 THE CONFEDERATE 8TATES 
 
 empire, symbolized by the fourtji beast, was 
 divided into the ten kingdoms, as answering to 
 the ten horns of the beast, and the papal power 
 sicrnified by the little horn had worn out the 
 saints of the Most High — nearly, according to 
 the common understanding, 1260 years : nearli/j 
 we say, because the Ancient comes before the 
 destruction of the little horn, and is instrumental 
 in that destruction. 
 
 Now the Ancient is identical, as wc have seen, 
 with the mountain, out of which the stone is 
 cut. This stone, to which the Church idea is 
 specially attached, cannot, then, be cut out of 
 the mountain before the mountain existed, but 
 necessarily at a period later than that at which 
 the mountain, or Ancient, appears. Accordingly, 
 Daniel, in describing to the king his vision, 
 says, *' This image's head was of fine gold,. his 
 breast and his arms of silver, his belly and his 
 thighs of brass, his legs of iron, his feet part of 
 iron and part of clay. Thou sawest tUl that a 
 stone was cut out of the mountain without 
 hands, which smote the image upon his feet that 
 were of iron and clay, and brake thcni in pieces." 
 '^ In the interpretation ol" the dream, the prophet 
 expressly told the king that aftt'r he had seen 
 the whole prophetic and chronological image 
 
IN PROPHECY. 33 
 
 down to the toes, that then he continued to look 
 forward, and that in \oo\i\T\g forward his atten- 
 tion was arrested by the sight of a stone cut out 
 of the mountain without hands. The expres- 
 sion, ^hou sawest till that a stone was cut out,' 
 indubitably signifies a looking into the future 
 from the toe period, on which his attention had 
 last rested. The term 'thou sawest till' has an 
 expression of futurity in it, absolutely as well as 
 relatively. The word tillj says Mr. Webster, 
 signifies to the time of, or to the time : as, I will 
 wait till next week ; occupy till I come ; saying 
 they would neither eat nor drink till they had 
 killed Paul. The term 'thou sawest' signified 
 that he continued to look upon events. Now, 
 as all the events in the vision beside the stone 
 occurred chronologically, the cxprcvssion ' thou 
 sawest till that a stone was cut out' shows that 
 the looking was chronologically into the future." — 
 Baldwin. Let it be noted, too, that it was not 
 a stone that had been cut out of the mountain, 
 but the event of the cutting out was seen in the 
 vision after the feet and toes of the image are 
 seen. The further explanation of the dream is 
 also decisive upon this point. When the prophet 
 had reached the mixture of iron and clay in the 
 feet and toes, he says, "In the days of these 
 2 
 
34 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 kings (or kingdoms) shall the God of hoaven 
 set u]> H kingdom. '■' ''Jielativc words," says 
 lledirc in his l^tgie, '' should be referred to the 
 nearest rather than a remote antecedent." 
 ''y/trse" kings must be the too kings of which 
 he ha<l been speaking. " These" being plural, 
 must refer to the plurality of kingdoms which 
 the prophet had spoken of as existing in the 
 Roman empire, as now marking the period when 
 the stone is cut out of the mountain. To apply 
 the terra " these" to all these empires, meaning 
 that somewhere during the successive ages of 
 their history the God of heaven should set up a 
 kingdom, is to depart from all perspicuity, and 
 confuse, as to dates, the whole vision. The 
 phrase '^ these kings" could not apjdy to the rise 
 of Christianity, for the Roman p]mpire then 
 existed as one kingdom, to which, of course, a 
 plural term could not be applied. But the rise 
 of the kingdom in question during the broken 
 state of the empire, coincides with the period in 
 the chronology of the vision the prophet occu- 
 pies when making this exposition, WMth the fact 
 that the stone was cut out of the mountain after 
 the feet and toes of the image appear, and with 
 the fact that even the Ancient of days did not 
 come until after the ten horns of the beast had 
 
IN PROPHECY. ~ 36 
 
 arisen, and even the little horn had long worn 
 out the saints of the Most High. 
 
 That the stone is not the Church of Christ is 
 also plain from its work, and from the manner 
 in which that work is performed. The first 
 business of the stone after being cut out of the 
 mountain, is to break in pieces the feet of the 
 image, or the reconstructed Roman empire. It 
 is first seen in violent and deadly conflict with 
 civil despotism, whereas the Church, as such, 
 has nothing to do with the State. In the 
 prophecies of the Bible she is represented as 
 being corrupted by such connection wherever it 
 occurs. 
 
 The stone comes in conflict with despotism 
 from without, whereas the action of the Church 
 upon an empire or nationality is from within. 
 Christian truth, as leaven, difi'uses itself silently, 
 imperceptibly, till the whole is leavened. It 
 may in tliis way enlighten, refine, and elevate k 
 people, and by preparing them for higher forms 
 of government, may indirectly bring about the 
 adoption of such forms. But the violent, de- 
 structive action from without, as of the stone 
 upon the feet of the image, cannot possibly be 
 realized i« any legitimate movement of ihe 
 Church of God. 
 
8d THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 The action of the stone upon the feet of the 
 image is siuMcn and complete. The idea ex- 
 pressed is affirmed by Dr. Clarke to be tliat of 
 the hurlina: of a stone from a Roman catapult. 
 The effect is the immediate and utter destruction 
 of the iniaire. The influence of the Church is 
 not only silent and unseen, but gradually pro* 
 ff7'('S!iive, and cannot possibly be illustrated by the 
 conflict of the stone with the image. 
 
 The stone ta/ce.s the place of the image after 
 its destruction, and finally becomes. "a great 
 mountain, and fills the whole earth." The fact 
 that the stone not only destroys the image, but 
 supplants it in the inheritance of the greatness 
 and glory and dominion, is conclusive as to its 
 being a civil government, though different in 
 character from the image. 
 
 The stone is expressly called a " kingdom,' 
 just as the sections of the image and the beasts 
 are kingdoms. And tliis kingdom is identified 
 with ^^ i\ie people of the saints" — not the saints 
 personally or collectively, but the people of the 
 saints, or a glorious Christian nationality, pos- 
 sessing the greatness and glory under the whole 
 heaven. 
 
 The fact that the date of the appearance of 
 the stone kingdom is positively fixed as being 
 
' IN PROPHECY. 37 
 
 after the feet and toes of tlie image appear, or 
 in the broken state of the Roman empire, to- 
 gether with the other considerations we have 
 named, are conclusive of the civil character of 
 the stone kingdom. 
 
 What sad work the usual exposition, which 
 identifies the stone with the Church, makes of 
 the imagery and chronology of these visions ! 
 Take that of Dr. Clarke as a specimen. Whereas 
 the prophet plainly tells the king that from the 
 toe period of the great chronological image he 
 saw ^' till that a stone was cut out of the mount- 
 ain," the commentator makes Mm see backioard 
 from that period, to the rise of the Christian 
 Church in Judea, many centuries before. And 
 he understands, further, that the mountain is 
 the Roman empire, which is characterized in 
 the vision itself as the legs of iron, and the feet 
 part of iron and part of clay. How the Church 
 was cut out of the Roman empire cannot, we 
 think, be satisfactorily explained. Such expo- 
 sitions illustrate the fact that the vision of pro- 
 phecy was shut up until the time of the end. 
 Bishop Newton says of these very predictions, 
 ^' It is the nature of such prophecies not to be per- 
 fectly understood till they are fulfilled. The best 
 comment upon them will be their fulfilment."* 
 
^9 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 Our conclusion is, that neither the Ancient of 
 days, nor the stone cut out of the mountain, sym- 
 bolizes the Church of Christ. 
 
 If, then, the Ancient of days be understood 
 to be Almighty God, (and there is a Divine idea 
 in the symbol,) he is not a revelation of him 
 personally, nor in creation, nor in his wordy nor 
 in g^enera] providence y but in a nationality, raised 
 up by him as an instrument for the accomplish- 
 ment of great and beneficent changes in the 
 condition of mankind. And as he certainly did 
 in ancient times raise up a nationality for such 
 a purpose, it is surely not unreasonable that ho 
 should in the latter ages select one for the ac- 
 complishment of still greater good for the human 
 race. 
 
 Our business in this part of the investigation 
 is with the fifth kingdom ; but in order to prove 
 this to be outward and visible, it is necessary to 
 show the same to be true of the sixth, with 
 which it must agree in spirit, and for which it 
 prepares the way. If one of these be visible 
 and outward, so is the other. And we have 
 endeavored to prove both to be of this character. 
 
 Here it naay be proffer to iK)tice Dr. Baldwin's 
 obvious error in explaining these closing symbols 
 of the visions under discussion. He correctly 
 
EN PROPHECY. 39 
 
 under8tanxis"'the Ancient of days to be the fifth 
 kingdom, or the United States of America, but 
 makes this synchronize, not with the mountaui 
 in the other vision, but with the stone cut out 
 of the mountain ; whereas, as Bishop Newton 
 affirms, and as we have shown from the text, the 
 stone is identical, not with the Ancient, but 
 with the one like the Son of man. This con- 
 founding of the fifth kingdom in the one visioii 
 with the sixth in the other, leaves him the awk- 
 ward task of accounting for the mountain in one 
 vision, and the one like the Son of man in the 
 other, when there is nothing to synchronize with 
 them. As to the mountain, he says it symbol- 
 izes a govermnent, either civil or ecclesiastical. 
 And inasmuch as the stone is a Christian nation- 
 ality, a kingdom set up by the God of heaven, it 
 is cut out of the Church : ' not cut off from the 
 mountain as a stone cut off from a cliff or a 
 ledge of rocks composing a mountain, but the 
 change of the mountain substance into a double 
 nature, just as we say a statue is cut out of a 
 block of marble, or a vase is cut out of alabaster." 
 But let it be noted that the figure is not the 
 carving of a statue out of a rock, but the cutting of 
 a rock out of the mountain, without reference to 
 the statue at aJI. Now the simple cutting of a 
 
40 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 rock out of the mountain must be Very different 
 from (1.) changiBg the mountain substance into 
 a rock J (2.) carving the rock into an image, 
 "which is, unless the mountain sub-stanrc be 
 alrcad}' a rock, the precise process we understand 
 to be involved in the exposition under notice. 
 Further, if the idea were that of diiselling a rock 
 into a statue, it would mean the transformation 
 of the Church, as such, into the State, so that 
 the Church really becomes the State, which ijB 
 absurd. 
 
 In another place our friend Dr. B. makes the 
 mountain out of which the stone is cut to be the 
 throne on which Ancient sits. The Ancient he 
 identifies with the stone, and the Ancient's 
 throne with the mountain. This is precisely 
 confounding the stone with the mountain after it 
 is taken from it, whereas they are as distinct as 
 any two sections of the ima£i;e, or two beasts, after 
 one has succeeded the other. The mountain and 
 stone are two; whereas the Ancient on his throne 
 is oncy expressed according to the Poctor'a own 
 correct theory under dual symbols. 
 
 Again : the one like the Son of man is, ac- 
 cording. to the Doctor, not a government distinct 
 from the Ancient, but simply a cliange of form, 
 answering to the stone's becoming a great 
 
IN PROPHECY. ♦ 41 
 
 niountaia and filling the earth. But the Ancient, 
 and the one like the Son of man, are as distinct 
 from each othe? as any two of the beasts or sec- 
 tions of the image, or as the mountain and the 
 stone, with which they respectively agree. 
 
 But when the mountain is identified with the 
 Ancient of days, and the stone with the one like 
 the Son of man, and the growth of the stone 
 into a mountain filling the earth, with the uni- 
 versal and eternal dominion of the one like the 
 Son of man, we have the latter parts of the 
 visions as beautifully and harmoniously complete 
 as the former. "The concord and agreement" 
 of the two visions arc thus fully seen, and they 
 become, indeed, as Mr. Mede says, " The sacred 
 calendar and great almanac of prophecy." 
 
 This chapter is designed to pave the way for 
 proofs, both presumptive and direct, that the 
 mountain and the Ancient of days jointly sym- 
 bolize the United States of America 
 
4*i THE CONFEDERATE BTATEb 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES— CONTINUED. 
 
 Tiie mountAin and the ancient identified witii the 
 mountain of the Lord's house, or Israe] rcptored — 
 The typical system — The ciiurch — The state — Israel 
 restored not spiritually — not literally — but in the 
 antitype. 
 
 Having showo that the mountain and the 
 ancient of days are identical, and that they rep- 
 resent a civil government, we shall endeavor to 
 establish their reference to the United States of 
 America. It may be proper, however, at once, 
 to identify these prophecies of the fifth kingdom 
 with a class of predictions io the other prophets, 
 which, though unconnected with this great chain 
 of empire, refer unmistakably to this same fifth 
 kingdom. The syujbol of this power in the 
 king's dream, is the mountain. " Mountain" 
 signifies, as we have seen, a government — a civil 
 government. It is not a mountain indefinitely, 
 but specifically the mountain — the great prophetic 
 mountain familiar to the proj)het« as the central 
 glorious christian nationality of future times. It 
 
IN PROPHECY. 43 
 
 is "tlie mountain of the Lord's house, estab- 
 lished in the top of the mountains/' (Isaiah ii. 
 2.) (Micah. v. 1.) This is further manifest 
 from the corresponding symbol in the prophet's 
 vision. It appears, as we have seen, late in the 
 christian era, and yet is characterized as an old 
 man, styled the ancient of days, with hair white 
 as wool. These items signify old age. Now, as 
 we have seen, if the ancient symbolize God, it is 
 Grod, not personally, but God in a government or 
 nationality. And the machinery here employed 
 must describe the nationality to which it applies. 
 The symbol can be fulfilled only by a nationality 
 that existed in " ancient" times ; and ceasing 
 to be, is now revived — once existing in type, 
 now in antitype. The same is plain from 
 the mountain, as identified with the mountain of 
 the Lord's house. This is no other than Israel 
 restored ; the nationality that God raised up as 
 his peculiar government revived, according to 
 numerous and explicit predictions "in the last 
 days." Isaiah, amid his expostulations V^ith 
 Israel, either literal or restored, or both, utters 
 this prophecy of the mountain of the Lord's 
 house. (Is. ii. 2.) This is still more obvious 
 in the connection of the prophecy as repeated in 
 Micah iv. 1. In the verse immediately prece- 
 
44 THE COXFEDERATE STATE** - 
 
 ding it, is written : '^ Therefore shall Zion for 
 your sakes be ploughed as a field, and Jerusalem 
 shall become heaps, and the mountain of the 
 house as the hijih places of the forest." Let 
 this be applied to the literal Jerusalem, which is 
 connected with the mountain of the house which 
 is to be destroyed. '' liut," in contrast with this, 
 *' in the last days it shall come ta pass that the 
 mountain of the house of the Lord shall be cs- 
 t^iblishcd in the top of the mountains." And 
 this mountain or government is again in the next 
 verse spoken of as ^'Zion" and ''Jerusalem." 
 
 This identity of the mountain with Israel in 
 the type and in the antitype, is further signified 
 in the fact that Zion is called " the holy moun- 
 tain." 
 
 The same is plain from the fact that in the 
 prophets the same glory which is ascribed to 
 the '' mountain" is ascribed to Israel restored in 
 the last days. 
 
 The Patriarchal and Jewish dispensations 
 were full of types. A type is defined by Web- 
 Hter as a *' a sign, a symbol, a figure of something 
 to come; " by Kichard Wat.son, as "an example, 
 pattern, or general similitude to a person, event, 
 or thing which is to come." Adam was a type 
 or fi'jure of him that was to come. Mclchizedek 
 
IN rROPIIECY. 45 
 
 was made like unto God. Abraham was enabled 
 to see Christ's day. Isaac was received from the 
 dead in a figure. The paschal lamb was typical 
 of ^'- our passover slain for us." 
 
 The whole Jewish system was a typical sys- 
 tem. That system consisted of two general de- 
 partments — the civil and ecclesiastical, or the 
 state and the church. 
 
 That the ecclesiastical department was of a typ- 
 ical character is admitted oa all hands. Their 
 religious ordinances wcfc a figure '' for the times 
 then present," ''shadows of good things to come." 
 Their tabernacle typified, the greater and more 
 perfect tabernacle not made with hands. Their 
 high priest was typical of the High Priest of our 
 profession. Their sacrifices had reference to the 
 one great sacrifice for sins. 
 
 Now, if the state wae not like the church typ- 
 ical (1) they did not harmonize. They were like 
 the legs«of the lame, not equal. (2) The one 
 was full of meaning for all time; the other was 
 restricted and temporary in signification. (3) 
 The one was a glorious success, notwithstanding 
 gloomy and protracted reverses, unless the cause 
 of God should finally fail in the world ; the other, 
 mostly local as it was in influence, and temporary 
 in duration, would seem to be a failure. It 
 
46 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 cannot he true that this snblhnc system, as the 
 work of Ahuighty G*od, should thus fail in cither 
 of its prrcat departmcnt,s. Accordinirly, the 
 prophets assure us that the old Israel was but 
 typical of, and preparatory to, Israel restored in 
 the mountain of the Lord's house, when, too, the 
 church department should shine forth in its final 
 antitypical splendor, as " the law should go forth 
 out of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Je- 
 rusalem." These prophecies of Israel's restora- 
 tion are so literal and circumstantial as to be in- 
 capable of a spiritual signification. Take such 
 as the following, as specimens : " For lo ! the 
 days come, saith the Lord, that I will bring again 
 the captivity of my people Israel and Judah 
 saith the Lord ; and I will cause them to return 
 to the land that I gave to their fathers and they 
 shall possess it. (Jer. xxx. 3.) *' I will sow 
 the house of Judah and the house of Israel with 
 the seed of man and with the seed of beast. I 
 will bring again the captivity of my people Israel, 
 and they shall build the waste cities and inhabit 
 them.'* (Amos ix. 14.) When this restoration 
 occurs, the land of Israel is to be the centre of 
 immigration for the nations, the religious capita^ 
 of the world. The Lord is to be " a crown of 
 glory and a diadem of beauty," and his servant 
 
IN PROPHECY. i7 
 
 David is to reign over his people and the "rem- 
 nant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many 
 people as a dew from the Lord, as the showers 
 the grass, that tar»i*ieth not for man; as a 
 lion among the beasts of the forest; as a young 
 lion among the flocks of sheep ; who, if he go 
 through, both treadeth down, and teareth in 
 pieces, and none can deliver." 
 
 Such passages, and they are numerous in the 
 prophets, indicate the restoration of Israel, and 
 the greatness and glory of the tribes thus finally 
 restored. What is the character of this restora- 
 tion of Israel '{ 
 
 1. As already observed, it will not be spirit- 
 ual, as realized in the prosperity of the church, 
 as such, in future times. 
 
 The bringing back of the people of Israel to 
 their land, the successful pursuit of agriculture 
 there, the erection of a glorious nationality amid 
 civil conflicts, all of which, and much more is 
 foretold, utterly forbid this interpretation. 
 
 2. Nor will it be the literal restoration of the 
 Jews to the land of Judea. 
 
 There are three things essential to a type : 1. 
 It must point to something future, answering to 
 itself, which is called the jintitype. 2. This anti- 
 type, while in a sense an ideal continuation of the 
 
4S THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 type, is never a literal repetition of itself. Not 
 a-«ol4tary type ean be found in the Scriptures, 
 which iy fultilled in the antitype by a literal repe- 
 tition of itself 3. The anMtypo, thus answcriirg 
 to the type, and yet differinji; IVom it, is far more 
 glorious than the type. There is certainly no 
 r^on for departure from these principles in 
 the case before us, but even peculiar reasons for 
 adhering to them. The term Israel signifies one 
 who prevails with God. And there is the same 
 difference between carnal "Israel and spiritual 
 Israel, as there was between ungodly Jacob and 
 prevailing Israel. They are not all Israel who 
 are of Israel. 
 
 Abraham too, was the father of the faithful in 
 a much higher and sublimer sense than of the 
 Jewish people, and was heir of the world as truly 
 as he was of Canaan. The Jews as his natural 
 seed, were typical of Christians as his spiritual 
 seed. Thus *Oie is not a Jew who is one out- 
 wardly," but ''he is a Jew who is one inwardly." 
 The promise is thus sure to all the seed. 
 
 It is expressly stated that David should be the 
 ruler of Israel restored. This is assuredly David 
 in the antitype, who is the root and the offspring 
 of David, our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 As the ruler is found in the antitype, so must 
 
IN PROPHECY. 49 
 
 be the kingdom he rules. This cannot be the 
 literal Jewish nationality rebuilt, but that which 
 answers to it in Christian times, and is far more 
 glorious. Is the final Israel to consist of the 
 literal Jewish people ? Why have they main- 
 tained their separate existence as a people ? Be- 
 cause of their rejection of the Saviour and adhe- 
 rence to the old religion, which forbids their 
 amalgamation with other nations. And is it 
 credible that such stubborn, persevering rejec- 
 tion of Christ will be rewarded by their almost 
 miraculous conversion, and elevation to the spirit- 
 ual leadership of the Christian world, while 
 Christians who have suffered for ages for the tes- 
 timony- of Christ, are assigned an inferior and 
 secondary position in the enterprise of converting 
 the world to God? So far is this from being 
 true, that it is expressly stated that the Jews 
 will not be converted till the fulness of the Gen- 
 tiles shall be brought in. More of this in an- 
 other place. 
 
 In accordance with this general typical char- 
 acter, the land of Judea is typical of a broader 
 and more glorious land of the restored Israel of 
 God. Palestine is very small, has meagre agri- 
 cultural, commercial, and manufacturing advan- 
 tages ; is occupied and surrounded by semi-bar- 
 
50 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 barous |)eoplc. Can it become the centre of emi- 
 gration for the nations, and in all resj>cct8, in 
 temporal, political, and religious prosperity and 
 power, the capital of the worlds Not unless the 
 laws of nature and of human society are radically 
 and totally changed. 
 
 Why is there a lingering desire among the 
 Jews to return to Palestine '/ Because of their 
 persistent adherence to the old religion, which 
 required the worship of God at Jerusalem. Their 
 conversion to Christianity would enable them to 
 appreciate the words addressed by our Saviour to 
 the woman of Samaria: "The hour cometh, when 
 ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at Jeru- 
 salem, worship the Father. God is a spirit: and 
 they that worship him must worsliip him in spirit 
 and in truth." 
 
 The prophetic periods cannot be far at any 
 rate, according to most writers on prophecy, from 
 their termination when the mystery shall be 
 finished. And yet there are no indications of 
 the restoration of the Jewish people to their own 
 ♦ laud, as a means of finishing this mystery. 
 
 This whole idea of making the typical nation- 
 ality of old Israel simply repeat itself in the anti- 
 type, is destructive of tliQ relationship between 
 the Jewish system as the type, and the Christian 
 
IN PROPHECY. 51 
 
 system as the antitype. If one type is to be ful- 
 filled by a literal repetition of itself, why is it not 
 so of all other types ? Thus, the theory carried 
 to its utmost extent, would thoroughly Judaize 
 Christianity itself. 
 
 For these, and many other reasons that might 
 be named, we regard the literal theory as entirely 
 impossible and absurd. 
 
 We conclude that the nationality of ancient 
 Israel is to be restored in a great Christian na- 
 tionality, sustaining the same relations to God 
 and the world ; answering to and yet differing from 
 and more glorious than the old type ; in keeping 
 with the relations which always subsist between 
 the type and the antitype. 
 
 Is it still insisted that the specific promises 
 that the Jews shall return to their own land, the 
 land wherein their fathers' dwelt must be under- 
 stood literally '/ We answer, that the same iden- 
 tity is expressed elsewhere between the tyi e and 
 the antitype. Thus it is said that David shall 
 rule Israel restored, and as plainly asserted else- 
 where that Christ, his antitype, shall do the same. 
 Christ is our- passover, and yet not the veritable 
 lamb slain in the passover. Now in this case the 
 type cannot be spiritually fulfilled in the antitype, 
 for Christ was as really slain as was the lamb, 
 
62 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 his type. The identity in meaning is expressed, 
 and yet the antitype was different from and far 
 more glorious than the type. Thus the language 
 in question cannot be spiritualized, for there is a 
 real land of Israel restored. But this land of 
 restoration is the antitype, and while this is iden- 
 tified, as in o^.her cases, with the type, it is also 
 different from and far more glorious than the 
 type. Now, if admitting that the Jews will 
 'finally settle in Judea, this will be but one of the 
 results of the restoration of Israel in the antitype, 
 or the establishment of the mountain of the Lord's 
 house in the top of the mountains, and does not 
 affect the argument at all, sls we shall see more 
 clearly as we proceed. 
 
 AVe have identified the mountain, in the king's 
 vision^ with the Ancient of days, in the prophet's 
 vision ; also the mountain, with the mountain of 
 the Lord's house and Israel restored. 
 
 Again, we have found the mountain of the 
 Lord's house to agree with the mountain in the 
 vision, and Israel restored to synchronize with 
 the Ancient of days. These four arc thus seen 
 to be identical. And our next task is to bring 
 proofs from this fourfold source, to show that the 
 United States constituted the first embodiment 
 of the restored Israel of God. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE UNITED STATES— CONTINUED. 
 
 The Fifth Kingdom the United States — Proofs presum- 
 tive and direct — United States probably in prophecy 
 — Her extent, growth, power, a Free Nationality — 
 Date of the Fifth Power— Judges— The Little Horn 
 — Outside the Roman Empire. 
 
 The mountain, or the mountain of the house 
 of the Lord, the Ancient of days, or Israel re- 
 stored, unitedly symbolize the United States 
 of America. 
 
 Our proofs of this proposition are both pre- 
 sumptive and direct. 
 
 A few presumptive proofs may be given. 
 
 If the United States are not represented 
 by the mountain and the Ancient of days, 
 as corroborated and explained by coincident 
 prophecies, then are they excluded from the 
 great system of prophecy. They cannot of 
 course be symbolized by any section of the 
 image down to its toes, or by the successive 
 beasts even to the horns of the fourth. No one 
 will imagine this to be the case. There is then 
 no place for the glorious nationality of the New 
 
 (53) 
 
54 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 World up to this very point in the vision. That 
 it is not represented later will hereafter appear. 
 If the model republic as it has existed is not 
 represented here, it is Excluded from the scope 
 of distinctive prophectic vision. 
 
 Is it at all probable that the great republic 
 should be left out of prophecy ? 
 
 Consider her territorial extent as being ten 
 times larger than France and England com- 
 bined, one sixth less only than the fifty-nine or 
 sixty empires, states, and republics of Europe, 
 and of equal or larger extent than any of the 
 old empires that preceded her in history — her 
 rapid amazing growth in population and all the 
 elements of national greatness, her position as 
 the representative of the entire New World — 
 her sublime system of government, the wonder 
 and admiration of the world — the mighty and 
 universal influence she has wielded — the fact 
 that no nation has been found to cope with her 
 in war or on the field of general politics, mani- 
 festing the further fact that she has actually 
 held the reins of preeminent dominion — and in 
 view of these and other facts and considerations 
 th^t might be adduced, is it at all probable that 
 the great western power should be left out of 
 prophecy ? 
 
IN PROPHECY. 55 
 
 The question derives still greater force from 
 the character of the United States as a free re- 
 publican government. That the Almighty is 
 opposed to despotism is plain from the express 
 declarations of his word — from the fact that 
 despotic governments are characterized as wild 
 beasts which he will providentially destroy — 
 from his selection of ancient Israel, a 
 free republic, as his peculiar people and 
 from his decision that their request of a king 
 was the rejection of himself. We can call the 
 Most High to account for none of his matters ; 
 but can we suppose from data thus furnished in 
 his word that he would bring prominently for- 
 ward on the arena of prophetic vision the des- 
 potisms he hates and will destroy, and utterly 
 ignore such a great and free nationality as the 
 United States, which accorded in spirit with the 
 teachings of his word and exercised an in- 
 fluence so vast and beneficial upon the affairs of 
 mankind ? 
 
 Let it be asked again with emphasis, Has dis- 
 tinctive prophetic vision totally failed to discover 
 the New World ? Does it cease with the toes of 
 the image, the horns of the fourth beast, the 
 fragments of the old Roman empire ? Is there 
 to be no national centre for the succeeding scene 
 
5G THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 of glory, as thore has been fcfv the preceding sea- 
 son of gloom and sorrow ? If the United 
 States be not the fifth kingdom, it is because the 
 fifth 3ynibols, and, by consequence, the sixth also, 
 are wholly spiritual in their character. This, aa 
 we have seen, cannot be the case. 
 
 Let us notice the direct proofs that the 
 mountain and the Ancient of days synibolizc 
 the United States of America. The date at 
 which the mountain of the Lord's house should 
 appear. Is given in the collateral prophecies re- 
 ferred to as ^'the last days." This phra.se would 
 be naturally understood to mean the Christian 
 era, characterized by the apostle even in his day 
 as " the last times." It must further signify a 
 late period in the Christian era ; for, as we have 
 seen, this is none other than Israel restored, 
 which event is located by the prophets, as all 
 agree, many ages after the appearance of Christ- 
 ianity in the world. 
 
 The vision of the Ancient of days fixes the 
 date more specifically. Not to insist at all on 
 Dr. Baldwin's calculations, which cofne down 
 with remarkable precision to July 4, 1776, as the 
 frsf period, it is clear from Daniel's vision, that 
 tlie fifth kingdom was to appear after the ten 
 kingdoms symbolized by the ten toes of the 
 
IN PROPHECY. 57 
 
 image and the ten horns of the fourth heast had 
 arisen. It was to appear further after the Uttle 
 horn or popery arose; after that power had 
 long worn out the saints of the Most High and 
 shortly before the overthrow of his temporal 
 dominion. In connection with the appearance 
 of the Ancient, the prophet says, "I beheld then 
 because of the great words which the hotn 
 spake, I beheld even till the beast was slain, 
 and his body destroyed, and given to the burning 
 flame." Dan. vii. 11. The beast in this verse is 
 the little horn itself, and not the Roman empire 
 out of which it sprung. His body or temporal 
 dominion is consumed. And this consuming is 
 placed after the Ancient of days came, and in im- 
 mediate connection,, verse 1%, with the coming of 
 one like the Son of man. In further expla- 
 nation, verses 21, 22, the prophet says this 
 little horn " made war with the saints and pre- 
 vailed against them, until the Ancient of days 
 came, and judgment was given to the saints of 
 the Most High." And again : The saints were 
 to be given into the hand of the little horn 
 " until a time and times and the dividing of 
 time." This period is according to the learned 
 generally, 1260 years. This number is reached 
 by understanding the time and times and dividing 
 
58 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 of time, to bo three and a half times, or years; 
 which, reckoningas the Jews did, thirty days to the 
 month, wouM amount to 1260 prophetic days, or 
 years. This period commenced, as. the niajority 
 of interpreters think, with the decree of Phocas 
 constituting^ the Pope supreme head of the 
 Church, in 606. These calculations, and we shall 
 not here examine the question of their correct- 
 ness, would place the destruction of the body of 
 the little horn within the decade npon which we 
 have now entered. As a matter of fact, the 
 States of the Church have, within a few months, 
 been absorbed by the kingdom of Italy, and the 
 body of the little horn is in effect no more, unless 
 it should revive for a little season amid the con- 
 vulsions soon to occur in Europe. The Ancient 
 was to arise as a great and glorious poTver before, 
 and not very long before, the current period, and 
 can be no other than the United States. 
 
 This conclusion is abundantly confirmed by 
 the fact, that the Ancient was to bo instrumental 
 in the destruction of the little liorn just as truly, 
 thouurh apparently not so directly, as the stone 
 was to break in pieces the reconstructed Roman 
 empire. The born made war with the saints 
 <' until the Ancient of days came." It seems 
 that from the Ancient, judgment proceeded 
 
IN PROPHECY. &9 
 
 against the horn, which was to be executed by 
 others. Now the doctrine or fiery stream of 
 American freedom, civil and ecclesiastical, has 
 scorched and withered papal no less than other 
 despotisms. And the more so as it was in this 
 case a compound influence against a compound 
 despotism. It is entirely manifest that the 
 rapid decline and final extinction of popery, as a 
 temporal power, are directly traceable to the popu- 
 lar revolutions of Europe beginning with the 
 French revolution, including the policy and wars 
 of Napoleon, which shook that power to its 
 centre, together with succeeding convulsions, 
 embracing those of 1859-60. And these popu- 
 lar revolutions are in their turn as directly 
 traceable to the example, the doctrine, and the 
 influence of the United States. The Ancient of 
 days must be therefore the United States, be- 
 cause here and here only is this coincidence to 
 be found. 
 
 The fifth kingdom was to arise outside the 
 Roman empire alike in its united and its broken 
 state. The Ancient of days is entirely distinct 
 from the fourth beast and his horns. And the 
 fact that he appears during the existence of 
 these horns and of the little horn, is further indi- 
 cative of the fact that in locality or territory he 
 
6A THE <;ONFfiDERATE BTATES 
 
 is separate and distinct IVoin thom. l>r. linld- 
 yf'ui calculates that the ten thousand times ten 
 thousand who stoo>/ before the Ancient, amount 
 to about the actual population of Kuroj)e at the 
 rise of the United States, while the thousand 
 thousands, /. r., three thousand, would, by the same 
 rule of multiplication, amount to the three mil- 
 lion then inhabitinjj the United Slates. 
 
 The fact that the tiftli kinL'dom is out,side the 
 Roman empire is still more manifest from the 
 kind's vision. The stone strikes the feet of the 
 image, or reconstructed empire, from without. It 
 is outside therefore the Roman empire, even in 
 its reconstruction. Now, the stone is cut out of 
 the mountain, and the territorial locality is of 
 course the same. If therefore Uic stone was out- 
 side the Roman empire, so was the mountain, 
 or fifth kiiii^doni, out of which it is taken. 
 
 Now, the Roman empire included western 
 Asia, northern Africa, and Europe as far west as 
 the British Isles. - ' • *% 
 
 There has been no great and glorious Christ- 
 ian nationality arising outside the llonian em- 
 pire, and arising too, as we have seen, after it 
 was broken into fragments, and after the little 
 lioni or popery had long existed, and instrumen- 
 tal in the destruction of the little horn, except- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 61 
 
 ing the United States of America. The great 
 republic must therefore, of necessity, be symbol- 
 ized as the fifth kingdom, by the mountain, or 
 mountain of the house of the Lord, and by the 
 Ancient of days, or Israel restored in the antitype. 
 We can see, even at this stage of the investiga- 
 tion, no escape from this conclusion. 
 
 It seems to be intimated that the fifth king- 
 dom should be of comparatively short duration. 
 
 In the king's dream, the Roman empire is rep- 
 resented as the legs', feet, and toes of the image, 
 while the mountain is mentioned as intervening 
 between the toes and the Stone. The empire, 
 according to the symbols and to history, occupies 
 a vast tract in the annals of mankind. The ap- 
 parently casual mention of the mountain, may 
 signify its short duration as compared with that 
 of the preceding empire, as well of that ever- 
 lasting kingdom which succeeds. 
 
 The same seems indicated in the other vision. 
 The ancient does not appear ^' until" the little 
 horn had worn out the saints for a long period ; 
 and when he had succeeded in destroying the 
 little horn, he gives way after a brief and glorious 
 day to the one like the Son of man. 
 
 When the other prophets speak of Israel re- 
 etored, they almost immediately speak, as we 
 
G2 THE CONFEPERATE STATES 
 
 shall f*ce^ of Israel in trouble and Tsruol divided. 
 Ai'tcr tiie luention of the mountain of the house 
 of the Lord, as in Micah, the scene is 8oon pre- 
 sented of the travail of the dauj^hter of Ziou, 
 and the birth of a man child, or final nationality. 
 From all our pmjthetic sources we gather in- 
 limalitms that the tifth kinudom is of brief du- 
 ration. The United iStates existed as a glorious 
 republic eighty-four years. 
 
 The fifth kingdom is of vast extent of territory. 
 
 Now, the mountain is not mentioned in the 
 original statement oi' the dream, excepting that 
 the inference is furnished that as the stone 
 kingdom is cut out, thit^re must be an antecedent 
 something from which it is taken, and that as 
 the Htone is a nationality, this anteeident, of 
 whose nature it must partake, is also a nation- 
 ality or civil governmeut. This original state- 
 ment is very brief, and this hiatus, is tilled, in the 
 explanation following, by *' the mountain." This 
 apparently ea."<ual njontion has served to divert 
 attention Irom the impurlance ol' the mountain, 
 and illustrates the fact that the vision of pro- 
 phecy was closed and sealed up until the time of 
 the end.* 
 
 jJut if the mountain is kit out of the original 
 
IN PROPHECY. 63 
 
 account of the dream, the same is true of the 
 toes, which are mentioned afterward. And if 
 this does not underrate the importance of the 
 toes, neither does it deny the value of the moun- 
 tain. While the latter is not so conspicuous as 
 the stone, yet as it here appears, and especially 
 as synchronizing with the Ancient and with the 
 mountain of the house of the Lord, it has great 
 value of its own. 
 
 The term mountain, as here used, signifies not 
 only government, but as compared with the pro- 
 ceeding symbols, and with the facts stated as to 
 the stone that it became " a great mountainy' and 
 filled the whole earth, it signifies a government 
 of large territorial extent. 
 
 The same is inferable from its position in this 
 and the other vision. In both it so intervenes 
 between the preceding empires and the final 
 kingdom as to transfer the reins of empire from 
 the former to the latter. And as the preceding 
 empires were immense, and as the final one be- 
 comes so, such must be the case with the one 
 that fills the intervening vacuum. In the col- 
 lateral prophecies, too, this fifth empire is repre- 
 sented as the centre of the world's emigration, 
 which can be true only of a large country. 
 
 The same is more clearly seen in the fact that 
 
64r THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 the mountain is of sufficient territorial vastnesi 
 to give off from itself, and out of it.self, the final 
 controlling government of the world. The stone 
 itself ifl of Bufficient size and strength (though 
 not wholly its own) to break in pieces th» great 
 image. This stone in not, it would seem, cut off 
 as a distant appendage, but " cutout" of the main 
 body of the government ; and while carrying 
 with it the main strength of the government, 
 leaves the most of its territory behind. For 
 when the stone is cut out, it is plain that the 
 largest part of the mountain still remains. 
 Before this cutting out, the stone certainly con- 
 stituted part of the mountain, the two forming 
 one nationality, and it necessarily follows that it 
 was one of immense extent. 
 
 This territorial vastness is further manifest, 
 from the fact that the Ancient of days has his 
 throne on wheels. Pillars would denote fixedness, 
 but wheels signify motion. Is not this expressive 
 of a moving, advancing, expanding nationality — 
 one too, that has for its rapid development a vast 
 region to be overrun gradually, and yet rapidly, 
 by these chariot wheels. And this advance on 
 wheels signifies that the large country thus 
 brought under sway, is not a distant province 
 acrot<8 the sea, but a vast united territory, such 
 as the great republic has alone possessed. 
 
' ' IN PROPHECY. 65 
 
 The fifth kingdom is a vast western wilderness 
 settled by emigration, and rapidly developed into 
 a great Christian nationality. 
 
 A Wilderness — " In the latter years thou 
 shalt come into the land that is brought back 
 from the sword, and is gathered out of many 
 people, against the mountains of Israel, which 
 have been always waste ; but is brought forth 
 out of many nations, and they shall dwell safely 
 all of them.'' (Ezek. xxxviii. 8.) 
 
 Here it is expressly stated that the land of 
 Israel restored has been always waste. It is also 
 a land brought back from the sword. The sword 
 symbolizes war. Is it not here stated that the 
 land of Israel restored was a wilderness — had 
 never been cultivated — and yet was inhabited? in- 
 habited, too, by people whose employment was 
 not agriculture but war ? This savage people 
 must have been divided into nations or tr\bes, 
 as signified by the fact that their business was 
 war. The same land is stated to have been a wil- 
 derness '' from of old." The prophet further 
 refers to all the " inhabited parts of the countty," 
 plainly intimating that after the settlement of 
 Israel, there were parts of the country not in- 
 habited. IIow well this agrees with the idea of 
 national expansion set forth in the moving wheels 
 3 
 
GG THE CON FEDERATE STATEg 
 
 of the Ancient's chariot throne. AU this i.s true 
 of (ho couutry occupied and developcnl by the 
 United States, as seen in the rapid addition of 
 territories and states to her dominion. 
 
 A Western Land. — " Surely the isles shall 
 wnit for me, and the ships of Tarshish first, to 
 briiiir tliy sons from far." (Isa. Ix. 9.) 
 
 "The term * isles' was applied anciently to 
 Europe and all countries west of Asia Minor. 
 Those vast countries supposed to exist in the 
 Atlantic, west of Gibraltar, are also termed isles, 
 by both Plato and Diodorus Siculus." — Baldwin. 
 
 The waiting of the isles, is precisely applicable 
 to the mountains of Israel, that were always waste 
 until settled and cu-ltivated by the modern Israel 
 of God. 
 
 Tarshish was tho most ancient name of Spain, 
 by whose ships the waiting isles were " first" dis- 
 covered. 
 
 " To bring thy sons from far," signifies the im- 
 mense distance of these isles from the countries 
 iroiii which eniigration should come to them. 
 
 The emigrants being carried in ships to the 
 isles, signifies that they lie across the ocean. In- 
 deed, the term isles would imply the necessity of 
 a voyage to reach them. 
 
^ IN PROPHECY. 67 
 
 But they shall fly upon the shoulders of the 
 Philistines toward the west. (Isa. xi. 14.) 
 
 Flying upon the shoulders of others, means 
 transportation by others. Toward the west, sig- 
 nifies that that is the direction of the Israel of 
 God. It is emigration to the far off isles across 
 the sea, or the western land that was " always 
 waste." 
 
 The place of Israel restored being the 
 western world, agrees with the fact that the stone, 
 and by consequence the mountain out of which 
 it is taken, is outside the Roman empire ; and with 
 the fact that while the Ancient of days was sur- 
 rounded by thousand thousands, the ten thou- 
 sand times ten thousand stood hefore him for 
 judgment in the region beyond his own domain,' 
 and occupied by the little horn and kindred 
 despotisms. 
 
 The land of Israel restored is the great centre 
 of emigration for the nations of the world. In 
 the prophecies of the mountain of the house of 
 the Lord, it said that ^^all nations shall flow 
 unto it." (Isa. xi. 2.) This fact repeatedly 
 spoken of by the prophets, is intimated in the 
 fact that the fifth kingdom, though of short du- 
 ration, is nevertheless a vast mountain, and that 
 
QS THK CONFrDERATE STATLS 
 
 the Ancient moves forward on the \Ybecls of bis 
 chariot throne. 
 
 The vast emigration in which Israel is jrnth- 
 cred out of many nations, answers to and fiiltils 
 the Scriptures, which predict that God's peculiar 
 people shall be brought buck from their disper- 
 sionfi. One prophet says, '' I will surely as- 
 semble thee, Jacob, all of thee." (Mic. ii. 12.) 
 Another conveys the assurance that the outcasts 
 of Israel, and the dispensed of Judah from the 
 four corners of the earth, shall be assembled. 
 (Lsa. xi. 12.) Another says, '' I will gather the 
 remnant of my flock out of all countries whither 
 I have driven them." (Jer. xxiii. 8.) "I will bring 
 again the captivity- of my people Israel aHd 
 Judah." 
 
 And will the ten lost tribes of " Israel" as well 
 as "Judah," be brought back to literal Palestine, 
 and will that be the centre of emigration for all 
 nations, and the capital of the world ? Is is not 
 impossible and absurd ? Israel I'allen in the 
 valley of dry bones, even very dry, were to be 
 raised to life. The identity of the resurrection 
 bodies is seen in sameness of bones, the difference 
 in newness of flesh and sinews, and skin and 
 spirit J and the antitype is rendered still I'urther 
 
IN PROPHECY. 69 
 
 glorious by the multiplication of the bones into 
 an exceeding great army. 
 
 The wilderness state of the land of Israel 
 previous to its settlement, answers to the desola- 
 tions of many generations which have overtaken 
 literal Judea. "* 
 
 The little country of Judea was typical of a 
 broader and more glorious land, so vast as that 
 the great mountain occupies only the inhabited 
 parts of the country, and the Ancient of days 
 sits to the very last upon his chariot throne, whose 
 flying wheels are as burning fire. 
 
 The old type was in the old world, the glorious 
 antitype is in the new, as the final theatre of 
 God's kingdom before the renovation of the earth 
 by fire. 
 
 The land is the antitype of Judea, the people, 
 as Christians, the antitype of the Jews ; and the 
 glorious, pure, energetic nationality symbolized 
 by the Ancient of days, fulfils the nationality of 
 God's ancient people. In no particular is there, 
 or could there be, a repetition of the type, but 
 everywhere the glorious antitype appears. And 
 this antitype appears, as to its first realization, in 
 the United States, and cannot possibly be found, 
 according to prophetic intimations as to time, lo- 
 cality, and description, anywhere else. 
 
70 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 The fifth kingdom, or Israel resorcd, is a free 
 government. Such was ancient Israel, and such 
 must be the restored Israel of God. 
 
 The image and the beasts confessedly symbol- 
 ize despotic governments — such is the meaning of 
 the symbols and such is the witness of history on 
 the subject. The stone is in entire contrast with 
 the image which it breaks in pieces, and this 
 contrast necessarily implies free government. 
 The mountain was of necessity of the same gen- 
 eral character with the stone before the stone 
 was cut out of it, though a change in character 
 might have occasioned the separation of the 
 stone. The mountain is then a free government. 
 
 The same is indicated in the other vision by 
 the contrast between the one like the Son of 
 man and the glorious Ancient of days, with whom 
 he obviously agrees in spirit, and the wild beasts 
 that preceded them. 
 
 The utter contrast of these symbols with those 
 of preceding despotisms, is indicative of the 
 highest ideal of free government, both in spirit 
 and in form. This highest ideal in spirit would 
 allow the utmost freedom of the individual man, 
 consistent with the peace and safety of the body 
 politic. The contrast in this respect is indicated 
 in the difTerence in spirit of huma^e men, one of 
 
IN PROPHECY. 71 
 
 whom is even like the meek and lowly '^ Son of 
 man," and the terrible beasts of prey, and is 
 Been further m/onn, between the erect form of 
 man, with benignity and intelligence in his face, 
 and that of the prone, and filthy, and voracious 
 brute. The same, both as to spirit and form, is 
 seen in the stone, which, as the opposite of des- 
 potism, is certainly the final ideal of free "-ov- 
 ernment. This being a free republic, such, also, 
 must be the character of the mountain, out of 
 which it is taken, and with which it agrees. 
 
 Ancient Israel was a theocratic democracy, 
 and the promise as to Israel restored is, that ''I 
 will restore thy judges as at the first, a^d thy 
 counselors as at the beginning." Again : "Their 
 nobles shall be of themselves, and their governor 
 from the midst of them." 
 
 The fifth kingdom or Israel restored, is a feder- 
 tive republic. 
 
 The preceding despotisms all included many 
 departments, provinces, or kingdoms in one ; and 
 it would be reasonable to expect that a national- 
 ity, so vast and eo mighty as to succeed them in 
 preeminent dominion, should be, in this respect, 
 sniiilar. The ease is stronger, in view of the 
 fact that the fifth government is a free republic 
 A kingdom, however great in extent, may be ruled 
 
72 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 by the sword as one. But a vast free gOTorn- 
 nicnt, reshnt:: on tlic conscpt of the governed, 
 could hnrdly avoid oppression somewhere, unless 
 itH action were niodilied and restrained by local 
 governments. 
 
 That such is the character of the fifth king- 
 dom, the Scriptures clearly teach. The cutting 
 of the stone out oi' the mountain implies a block- 
 ing off of some of those separate subordinate 
 governments in a confederate republic, rather 
 than the iearing out of an integral portion of a 
 vast consolidated empire. And it would require 
 less of effort and violence to do the former than 
 the latter. 
 
 Now, this mountain in tlie king's vision is no 
 other than the mountain of the Lord's house, 
 spoken of by Isaiah, ii. 2, and Micah v. 1. 
 Note the description: ''The house of the Lord" 
 is his church. " The mountain" which, in the 
 prophetic symbols, signifies goverjjmcnt, is the 
 nationality connected witli the house of God — a 
 glorious christian govcrnSiont. This is estab- 
 lished in the top of other '' mountains," also 
 symbolic of governments. 
 
 Here is a government established in the top of 
 other governments — the federal government in 
 the top of the state governments. This is in ae- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 73 
 
 cordance with the interpretation of mountains, 
 as laid down in Home's Introduction, Vol. II. 
 p. 466 : " High- mountains, and lofty hills, denote 
 kingdoms, republics, states and cities.^' The 
 reader is referred to dictionaries of symbols on 
 this subject. Wc cannot surely explain this pas- 
 sage literally ; and to understand " the moun- 
 tain" in a symbolic sense, signifying a govern- 
 ment, and "the mountains" which follow, as 
 literal mountains, as Dr. Baldwin seems to do, is 
 to mar the consistency and harmony of the text. 
 The United States may occupy, literally, as Prof. 
 Maury asserts, the highest part of the earth j and 
 if so, it may be in allusion to this fact, that the 
 nations are said to go up to it. But the hypoth- 
 esis, whether true or not true, has nothing to do 
 with the " mountains" here mentioned. These 
 arc, in accordance with sacred symbols, govern- 
 ments, and the meaning of the figure is, we 
 think, that of one government established in the 
 top of other governments. Israel restored is a 
 federal nationality. 
 
 The federal character of the fifth kingdom is 
 further manifest, from the fact that it is Lsrael 
 restored. The ancient, peculiar people of God, 
 was a collection of twelve; afterwards, of thirteen 
 tribes.- Their tribeship was far more obvious 
 
74 TUE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 than their federative character. The forincr waa 
 eseential ; the latter, as found in the leadership 
 of all the tribes by Moses and Joshua, was of a 
 more incidental, and partial, and temporary 
 character. So strongly was consolidation in their 
 government resisted, that even after the reign of 
 partial anarchy in the time of the Judges, the 
 Almighty decided that the request of a king by 
 his people was the rejection of himself as their 
 ruler. The idea of Israel's nationality was that 
 of many in one of the several equal tribes, with 
 a visible centre of unity under the common 
 headship and control of Almighty God. 
 
 The federative character of the fifth kingdom 
 is cleary discoverable in the vision of the Ancient 
 of days. He is represented as coming when the 
 thrones are cast down. Any one who has a He- 
 brew bible and lexicon, and is prepared to use 
 them, cuu at once satisfy himself that the orig- 
 inal word rendered " cast down," as truly means 
 *' set up, or erected." There can be no sort of 
 doubt on this point. 
 
 Dr. Clarke, on this passage, says : **The word 
 Hemayu might be translated erected; so the 
 Vulgate positi sunt, and so all the versions." 
 Bishop Newton, in quoting the passage, renders 
 *' till the thrones were cast down" '' till the 
 
IN PROPHECY. 75 
 
 thrones were set up ;" and in the margin quotes 
 the Vulgate, Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic, as 
 agreeing in this translation. He further says, 
 the same word is used in the Chaldee paraphrase 
 of Jer. i. 15; they shall sit every one on his 
 throne. Matthew Henry says : " I beheld till 
 the thrones were set up ; so it might as well be 
 read.'^ Frey, a Hebrew, in his lexicon, trans- 
 lates rcniayu by erecti sunt — were erected. 
 The Septuagint has etethesan, placed, the same 
 in meaning with the term posit i in the Vulgate. 
 So much for the question of philology here in- 
 volved. 
 
 The movement of the thrones, whatever it 
 may be, is preparatory to the sitting of the An- 
 cient of days. ^' I beheld till the thrones were 
 cast down, aiid the Ancient of days did sit.'' 
 The present translation involves the apparent ab- 
 surdity of saying that the thrones, or govern- 
 ments, are so alarmed at the very approach of 
 the Ancient, as to fall before he could do anything 
 to effect their overthrow. These thrones falling, 
 cannot mean the destruction of the little horn, 
 for that is one, and is destroyed in consequence 
 of the action of the Ancient after his coming. It 
 cannot mean that the other '^ horns" of the beast 
 fall, preparatory to the sitting of the Ancient. 
 
70 THE CON*TDERATE STATES 
 
 The governments said to have fallen, arc callctl 
 "thronef*," a« distinguished from the "horns/' 
 If the Ancient had built up his dominion on the 
 Ihllen "horns" undoubtedly it would have been 
 ptatcd, as in the case of the little horn, before 
 which " three horns were plucked up," Beside, 
 the "stone," and not the uncient or mountain, is 
 said to have destroyed the empire, by breaking 
 the ffeet of the image. 
 
 Nor can it be said, on the other hand,that any 
 of these horns were set up as preparatory to the 
 sitting of the Ancient of days ; for these horns 
 had appeared long before, and the little horn had 
 long worn out the saints of the Most High. 
 
 In truth, it cannot be rationally said that any 
 thrones, outside the Ancient's own territory, could 
 possibly be either cast down or set up, prepara- 
 tory to his coming. If the thrones included in his 
 dominion were cast down, in order to his sitting, 
 then he secures his high place like the beasts 
 before him, by the subjugation of kingdoms; 
 but this is contradicted by the entire character 
 of the Ancient, as in contrast with the beasts. 
 Besides, ho cannot cast these thrones down, to 
 extend his dominion, before he comes and sits, 
 as here" represented. Further, the action of the 
 thrones is to furnish a seat for the Ancient, which 
 
IN PROPHECY. 77 
 
 they could not do by falling to the ground ; but 
 by lifting themselves up in might and majesty to 
 sustain him. The prophecy wag realized when 
 the thirteen colonies were *' set up" as thrones, 
 or sovereign and independent States, and as such, 
 united to furnish a seat for the federal govern*' 
 ment of the United States. In this, we see a 
 union of the thirteen tribes in the antitype, or 
 " the mountain of the house of the Lord, estab- 
 lished in the top of the mountains." 
 
 Bishop Newton, Dr. Clarke, and others, think 
 the scene here is that of a grand sanhedrin or 
 council, with its president in the midst. The 
 idea is beautifully appropriate. The Ancient 
 takes his seat when the thrones are placed 
 around, or "set up" for his reception. The fed- 
 eral government sits in the midst of the States, 
 united with him in sending abroad the fiery 
 stream of civil and religious freedom among the 
 despotisms of the old world. 
 
 Dr. Baldwin has, in hm Armageddon, elabora- 
 ted and illustrated a very useful thought, that as 
 ancient Israel contained the national and ecclesi- 
 astical departments, both essential to human 
 nature and society, as such, the same is true of 
 Israel restored ; and that these two departments 
 are distinctively symbolized, and that the sym- 
 
i^ 
 
 8 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 bols are in many instances repeated; thus fur- 
 nishing four symbols : two for the one department 
 and two for the other, just as Pharaoh's dream was 
 repeated, to confirm its truth. 
 
 Dr. Chirke notices the same general thought, in 
 his note on Zech. iv. 14, in speaking of Zerubbabel 
 and Joshua, as respectively symbolizing or rep- 
 resenting the civil and ecclesiastical departments 
 of Israel. We think we have found tliis to be 
 true in the symbols of Israel restored. Thus, 
 in the vision of the Ancient of days, we have his 
 name and venerable appearance signifying that 
 he is an ancient government, reappearing, or Is- 
 rael restored in antitype. The hojiry head rep- 
 resents, further, honor, wisdom, superiority, etc. 
 We have for the nationality, the Ancient himself; 
 for the church idea or symbol, his goverrtment, 
 which is white as snow. Linen, clean and white, 
 is "the righteousness of the saints." The sym- 
 bol denotes the purity of the church. 
 
 The symbols are repeated, and we have the 
 Ancient's throne, which signifies government, or 
 nationality. The ''thrones" are set up, and by 
 their union, form one throne for the Ancient, 
 just as the mountains unite their tops as a base 
 for the great mountain. This throne is a fiery 
 flame, to denote the purity, energy, and strength 
 
IN PROPHECY. 79 
 
 of the nationality thus set up. The church de- 
 partment is further expressed in the wheels of 
 burning fire. Here, the image of fire, as indi- 
 cating purity, energy, etc., in the government, is 
 intensified. While the throne is of fiery flame, 
 the wheels are of burning fire, as signifying the 
 character of the Christianity developed under the 
 Ancient of days. The Ancient and his throne 
 being in motion, these wheels, denotes a rap- 
 idly expanding religion and nationality, over an 
 extending population, in a wilderness country. 
 Such has been the case. Population has ex- 
 tended from the already *' inhabited parts of the 
 country," over the land that had been always 
 waste, and a pure Christianity has gone with 
 them, and the government has been extended 
 over these settlements, first as territories, and 
 then as States, resulting in a vast and glorious 
 christian nationality, the wonder and admiration 
 of the world. 
 
8(k THE CONFEDERATE BTATEa 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE CONFEDERATE STATES. 
 
 The closing symbols represent the Confederate States 
 — The stone cut out of the mountain — without 
 bands — Isa. Ixvi. 7, 8. — Isa. ii., iii., iv. — The moun- 
 tain of the house of the Lord — The trouble of Zion 
 — The seven women — Micah iv,, v. — The mountain 
 of the bouse— rThe remnant — The first dominion — 
 The birth of the Savior — Birth of the man child — 
 Seven shepherds, and eight principal men — Thewa^. 
 
 Having shown that the dream of Nebuchad- 
 nezzer, Dan. ii., and the first vision of Daniel, 
 chap, vii., fully coincide in their respective six 
 symbols ; that they all represent civil govern- 
 ments, and that the fifth kingdom, symbolized by 
 the mountain and the Ancient of days, is the 
 United States, we come now to establish the 
 identity of the closing symbols, the stone cut out 
 of the mountain, and the one like the Son of 
 man, with the Confederate States of America. 
 
 It may be asserted with entire confidence, that if 
 the fifth kingdom be the United States, the sixth 
 is, and must be, the Confederate States. The 
 
IN IROPHECY. 81 
 
 latter nationality was cut out of the former — out 
 of the very body of the government; taking 
 away the chief strength and support of the na- 
 tional greatness, and leaving the larger propor- 
 tion of the territory behind ; all which we under- 
 stand to be indicated by the figure here employed. 
 It was cut, not torn out — smoothly blocked away 
 in the secession of the States as such, which, 
 however, on account of the formation of a com- 
 mon government, as well as their perfect homo- 
 geneity in institutions, interest, and feeling, as 
 well as political and commercial strength, are 
 represented as a stone — as emphatically one stone. 
 The stone was cut out of the mountain without 
 hands, or, as the margin reads, which was not in 
 hands. The original lo haidain will bear either 
 translation. In view of the marginal rendering, 
 the phrase may be understood to mean that where 
 no semblance, even, of separate government had 
 existed, no reins of independent empire had beea 
 held by human hands, where the stone was 
 simply part of, and one with, the mountain, lo ! 
 suddenly, and to the amazement of the world, a 
 mighty kingdom, even the final kingdom, arose. 
 We consider the phrase as explained, however, 
 by verse 44 : *' In the days of these kings shall 
 the God of heaven set up a kingdom." This 
 
bl: THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 notes the strictly providential — the Divine oricrin 
 of the stone kingtloni. But it signifies further, 
 that the kingdom thus set up, is indeed God's 
 kingdom, in which ho will ever reign — from 
 which he will radiate millennial glory over the 
 earth. I 
 
 The setting up of this kingdom, as a stone cut 
 out of the mountain without hands, denotes the 
 smallness of human effort and means actually em- 
 ployed in its erection. By a sudden, simultan- 
 eous, amazing impulse of the people, was the 
 secession of the original seven States brought * 
 about, and by the like impulse, when additional | 
 momentum was given to the movement, did- the 
 other four States follow them. If, as we under- j 
 stand, the Savior is to rule in the sixth kingdom, | 
 is not his language in Matt. xxiv. 27, applicable | 
 to the manner of its rise? — *'As the lightning ! 
 Cometh out of the east and shineth even unto the 
 west, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be 
 in his kingdom." Thus, with lightning swift- 
 ness, did the movement go from east to west, 
 until the "seven" States were ready to form a 
 common government. 
 
 This coming of the final kingdom, without ■ 
 observation or outward show, and without pre- | 
 vious suflfcrings of a political redemption, is il- j 
 
IN PROPHECY. 83 
 
 lustrated in Isaiah Ixvi. 7, 8 : '' Before slie trav- 
 ailed, she brought forth ; before her pain came, 
 she was delivered of a man child. Who hath heard 
 such a thing ? Who hath seen such things ? 
 Shall the earth be made to bring forth in one 
 day, or shall a nation be born at once ? for as 
 soon as Zion travailed, she brought forth her 
 children.'* 
 
 The same event styled the birth of '' a man 
 child," is also called the birth of "children;'* 
 and this event, it is clearly intimated, is the birth 
 of " a nation at once." The nation thus sudden- 
 ly born, sustains the idea of many in one. In one 
 sense, a man child ; in another sense, many child- 
 ren. This birth occurred as soon, even before, 
 the travail of Zion, or Israel, in the antitype. 
 Thus, the nation did not arise out of the smoke 
 and carnage of war ; but, by a providential im- 
 pulse of the people, was " born at once." The 
 vision obviously refers to the future Zion. The 
 event is followed by glory and joy of th€ " Jeru- 
 salem" in the final antitype. Verses 10-14 It 
 will soon be seen that this birth was, in another 
 sense, preceded by internal commotion and 
 trouble. It is also declared in this passage, that 
 in the enlarging dominions of the man child, 
 other children will be born, besides the original 
 
84 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 ones, as lias already been realized, and as the fu- 
 ture will more fully reveal. 
 
 The mountain in the king's vision being, ^la 
 we have seen, the mountain of the house of the 
 Lord, established in the top of the mountains, 
 or, as intimated, in the vame and description of 
 the Ancient of days, Israel restored in the anti- 
 type, or United States, we may expect to find in 
 the prophecies relating to this mountain, a divis- 
 ion answering to the cutting of the stone out of 
 the mountain without hands. Accordingly, the 
 division of Israel, after its restoration, is just as 
 clearly revealed with even, as we believe, the 
 events of that division, as they have recently 
 occurred, as that restoration itself. Israel cho- 
 sen, and Israel divided, constituted the type. 
 Israel restored, and Israel divided, as decisively 
 constitute the antitype. When this event oc- 
 curs, and not till then, the antitype becomes per- 
 fect. Old Israel was divided, and while most 
 of the tribes went into captivity, and were lost, 
 Judah remained until after the coming of the 
 Son of man. Israel restored is also divided, 
 and while the majority of its tribes, or States, 
 go into captivity, to the spirit of the old monar- 
 chies, a remnant is reserved, as the kingdom that 
 shall never be moved. 
 
IN PROPHECY. 85 
 
 The reader is now referred to Isaiah ii., iii., iv. 
 in which the division, after the restoration, is 
 intimated, though not so clearly and decisively, 
 as in other places wc shall notice. These chap- 
 ters plainly constitute one connected prophecy. 
 Such, too, is the view of Clarke, Scott, and others. 
 
 In the 2d verse, chap, ii., we have the moun- 
 tain of the house of the Lord established in the 
 top of the mountains, which, as synchronizing 
 with the mountain in Nebuchadnezzar's vision, 
 and with Israel restored, we have identified as 
 the United States. We have in the succeeding 
 verses, down to the fourth, inclusive, a glowing 
 description of Israel restored, without special 
 reference to the division, excepting that the 4th 
 verse may more specially refer to the remnant 
 after the division, as the grand instrument in 
 bringing about millennial peace and glory ; when 
 " nation shall not lift up sword against nation, 
 neither shall they learn war any more." This 
 identity of Israel, before and after division, is 
 illustrated in the type, when the tribes that re- 
 mained, after the loss of the others, retained the 
 inheritance, as to emolument and promise, which 
 had belonged to Israel as a whole, and constitu- 
 ted, indeed, the entire Israel of God. The same 
 is further illustrated by the obvious fact, that the 
 
86 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 stone partakes of, and concentrates the cliaract<jr 
 of the mountain out of which it is taken, and 
 inherits from it the final dominion. Thus, too, 
 the one, like the Son of man, plainly agrees in 
 spirit with the Ancient of days, and takes from 
 him the kingdom ; and thus, the man child di- 
 rectly succeeds his mother in the glorious inher- 
 itance. As the typical Israel was one, notwith- 
 standing the typical division, so the antitypical 
 Israel is one, notwithstanding the antitypical di- 
 vision. As, however, the fact of the former 
 division is recorded in history, so the fact of the 
 latter division is, with sufficient clearness, re- 
 vealed in prophecy. 
 
 On the passage under consideration, IJishop 
 Lowth says : <'There needs no other proof that 
 the grand accomplishment of this prophecy is 
 reserved to some future period, than the consid- 
 sidcration that nothing in any measure answera- 
 ble to such forcible expressions, has yet occurred 
 on earth." The former part of this prophecy, 
 which relates to the establishment of the moun- 
 tain of the house of the Lord, as the great 
 centre of human immigration, has boon fulfilled, 
 in the rise of the United States, and the remain- 
 der, however glorious, will be realized, when, 
 after the great " time of trouble," which has now 
 
IN PROPHECY. 87 
 
 commenced, is over, millennial glory shall spread 
 abroad, from the final remnant of Israel as its 
 centre, to the ends of the earth. As the begin- 
 ning of this great prophecy, contained in these 
 three chapters, is future, so is the remainder of 
 it future. And, after the above sublime outline, 
 the prophet enters into details as to the division 
 represented in the cutting of the stone out of 
 the mountain. In the 2d and 3d chapters, are 
 presented the apostasies of the daughter of Zion. 
 After setting forth in strong eastern phraseology, 
 the crimes and follies, the wealth and power, the 
 pride and haughtiness of her great controlling 
 tribes, or States, the prophet describes in terri- 
 ble language, the scenes of fear and dismay, of 
 humiliation and ruin, which are to ensue. How 
 fearful the destiny of the daughter of Zion ! 
 Her mighty and her wise men are taken away; 
 an idol shepherd is "raised up; children are their 
 princes, and babes of no understanding rule. 
 Oppression becomes the order of the day, and 
 the prophetic Jerusalem is ruined, and Judah 
 is fallen. The crown of the head of the daught- 
 ters, or tribes of Zion, is smitten with a scab, 
 when tlie Lord shall enter into judgment with 
 the ancients of his people. In this day of ter- 
 rible national judgment, which shall be upon the 
 
88 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 proud and lofty, the cedars of Lebanon, and tlie 
 oaks of Baslian — the mountains and hills, the 
 high tower, and the fenced wall, the ships of 
 Tarshish and the pleasant pictures, or pictures of 
 desire, men are exhorted to enter into the rock 
 and hide in the dust, to go into the depths of the 
 rocks, and the top of the ragged rocks,' for fear of 
 the Lord, and for the glorj of his majesty, when he 
 ariseth to shake terribly the earth. The men of 
 Zion shall fall by the sword, and her mighty in 
 the war, and her gates shall lament and mourn, 
 and she, being desolate, shall sit upon the 
 ground. Isa. iii. 25, ^6. How terrible is the 
 doom of the great coercion States of the North, 
 as presented in these, and numerous other proph- 
 ecies, wliich shall come under review as we pro- 
 peed ! 
 
 '' And in that day^ seven women shall take 
 hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own 
 bread and wear our own apj»arel ; only let us be 
 called by thy name to take away our reproach. 
 Isaiah iv. 1. 
 
 Dr. Clarke thinks this verse refers to the 
 slaughter mentioned in the last verses in tl)e 
 preceding cliapter. liut.when will war be so 
 destructive, as to leave but one -seventh of the 
 men of a nation ? Besides, the desire of 
 
IN PROPHECY. 89 
 
 the women is, that reproach shall be taken away 
 from them. But is it a reproach to be the widow 
 of a -man slain in battle ? And inasmuch as this 
 is written of future times, the reproach of un» 
 married life and of destitution of children, felt 
 among the ancient Jews, who constantly expect- 
 ed the birth of Messiah, must have passed away. 
 Further, when it is said, " In that day, seven 
 women shall take hold of one man," it immedi- 
 ately succeeds that *' In that day^^ i. e., the same 
 day, the branch of the Lord is beautiful and glo- 
 rious, and the fruit of the earth shall be excel- 
 lent and comely for them that are escaped of 
 Israel.'' Verse 3. The day of the movement 
 of the women, and the day of the branch of the 
 Lord, are thus seen to be the same day. The 
 two, therefore, coincide as to time. But the 
 taking hold of one man by seven women, which, 
 literally understood, would signify very great 
 degradation in morals, would certainly be very 
 distant from the scene of glory with which it is 
 identified in the text. What can be the expla- 
 nation ? Simply, the following, as we fully be- 
 lieve : 
 
 In the parallel passage in Micah, v., the 
 mountain of the house of the Lord, or Israel 
 restored, is called the daughter of Zion, to whom 
 
90 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 comes the first domiuion. Thia is the United 
 States, as we have seen. In Isa. iii. 16, wc have 
 the daughters of Zion, as many. These are the 
 tribes, or States, of Israel restored, and rejected. 
 Tn contradistinction with these daughters of 
 Zion, we have the seven women, or tribes, of 
 States, who secede from the sisterhood of these 
 proud and oppressive daughters. These women 
 are poorer than those proud ones, as indicated 
 in iii. 15, and forsake the sisterhood of daught- 
 ers, or States, to escape the oppression there 
 stated. One after another of these seven wo- 
 men, or States, secedes. They are separate from 
 each other, and from a hostile world. Driven 
 out of the national Union, they are feeble wo- 
 men, helpless widows. After inheritiug, with 
 others, a national glory, preeminent in the world, 
 will they be content with their isolated, feeble, 
 reproachftil condition ? Not at all. But being 
 united in their exile, and in interest and sympa- 
 thies and feeling, they will seek a strong and 
 glorious common nationality to take the place of 
 the one they have forsaken. 
 
 The i'ulfilment of the passage is found in the 
 scvqn seceding States forming the central gov- 
 ernment of the Confederate States. This is, as 
 wc shall see, the man child of the daugliter of 
 
IN PROPHECY. 91 
 
 Zion. What is here said of the branch of the 
 Lord, and of every one, i. e., every tribe that is 
 left in Zion living, when others die, as to the 
 covenant, coincides with what is elsewhere said 
 of the " remnant" of Israel restored, and divi- 
 ded, and of the stone kingdom, and the one like 
 unto the Son of man. We need not elaborate 
 further, as many other more explicit passages 
 will claim attention. It may be added in this 
 connection, however, that, as the ten horns of 
 the fourth beast, as Sir Isaac Newton says, 
 whatever their number afterwards, they are 
 still called ten kings, from their first number, 
 so the number seven, so often applied in the 
 prophecies to the final kingdom, represents all the 
 States that follow them ; though these, too, are, 
 in addition, expressly mentioned, and their num- 
 ber definitely given. 
 
 Attention is now invited to the fourth and fifth 
 chapters of the book of Micah 
 
 The concluding verse of the third chapter may 
 be understood as referring to old Israel in the type : 
 ''Therefore shall Zion for your sake be ploughed 
 as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and 
 the mountain of the house as the high places of • 
 the forest." This verse shows the identity of Zion 
 and Jerusalem with the mountain, or mountain 
 
92 THE CONFBDERATF STATES 
 
 of the house, both in the type atul the antitype. 
 Verses 1—3 of chap, iv., form an almost literal 
 quotation from Isa. ii. 2, 8. The exposition of 
 that passage is applicable to this, with the excep- 
 tion that the general prophecy is here divided into 
 two paragraj)hs; the former consisting of verses 
 1, 2, having special reference to Israel restored, 
 or the United States; the latter, consisting of 
 verses 3-5, having particular application to the 
 remnant left after the division. 
 
 **In that day" referring to what immediately 
 precedes, *'saith the Lord, I will assemble her 
 that haltcth, and I will gather her that is driven 
 out, and her that 1 have afflicted, and I will make 
 her that haltcth a reulnant, and her .that was cant 
 far oflf a strong nation ; and the Lord shall reign 
 oyer them in mount Zion from henceforth, even 
 for ever." (Verses 0, 7.) 
 
 The remnant here mentioned, is j)lainly the 
 remnant or portion of a j)eople. It could not bo 
 the whole of the people referred to. Such an 
 application of the term remnant would be absurd. 
 The remnant must be a portion, and the smaller 
 portion reserved when the larger part is cast off; 
 and cast off because the remnant was cast off by 
 this controlling majority. The casting far ofl* 
 denotes a sectional separation wide and perma- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 93 
 
 nent. It does not mean a driving away to the 
 ends of the earth into captivity. The fact that 
 the remnant becomes a strong nation, and is un- 
 der the direct control of the Lord of hosts, would 
 forbid this interpretation. The remnant is said 
 to become, under a Divine guidance, a nation — 
 a strong nation. The remnant was then a portion 
 of the people ; it is now separated, and becomes a 
 strong nation under the reign of the Lord. This 
 reign is perpetual, everlasting. The locality of 
 this reign is mount Zion. And this fact, together 
 with that which precedes and which follows the 
 text, signifies that this strong nation is the rem- 
 nant of Israel restored in the last days. This 
 remnant — this strong nation, over which the Lord 
 will reign for ever, is none other than the stone 
 cut out of the mountain, or the one like the Son 
 of man. They are positively identified by the 
 same character of strength, and the sam« per-? 
 petual, everlasting reign of Almighty God. This 
 position is rendered more indubitably sure by the 
 connection following, and by other passages to 
 come under review. This division of Israel re- 
 stored is yet more clearly exhibited under the 
 figure of the birth of a man child. 
 
 ''And thou, tower of the flock ! the strong- 
 hold of the daughter of Zion, unto thee it shall 
 
94 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 cpmc,cven the first dominion ; the kingdom shall 
 come to the daughter of Jerusalem." (Verse 8.) 
 The tower of the flock is the central goverument 
 for the oversight and protection of the restored 
 Israel, or flock of the Lord. The term stronghold 
 signifies further, the strength and glory of the 
 nationality represented as the daughter of Zion. 
 Our Saviour declared to the literal Jews that the 
 kingdom should be taken from them, and given 
 to a nation bringing forth the fruits thereof. 
 The fact that this kingdom is given to a nation^ 
 clearly shows that it is not a spiritual, but a civil 
 kingdom ; the Divine civil governniont of the 
 Hebrew commonwealth revived in the antitype. 
 To Israel restored the mountain of the Lord's 
 house established in the top of the mountains, or 
 the United States, comes the Jirsf dominion. Not 
 with the original old Zion, but with the daughter 
 of Zion, the daughter of Jerusalem, is this first 
 dominion, or first manifestation of the Divine 
 kingdom in the antitype. 
 
 "Now why dost thou cry out aloud r* is there 
 no king in thee'/ is thy counsellor perished?" 
 One is almost ready to ask, Where are thy Clay.s 
 and Calhouns and Websters ? Where are the 
 strong arms upon which thou hast leaned here- 
 tofore ? Where are the great leaders to whom 
 
IN PROPHECY. 95 
 
 thou hast looked for guidance in times of distress 
 and danger ? Verily, the time of Zion's trouble 
 is come. ^' For pangs have taken thee as a wo- 
 man in travail. Be in pain, and labour to bring 
 forth, O daughter of Zion, like a woman in tra- 
 vail : for now shalt thou go forth out of the city, 
 and thou shalt dwell in the field, and there thou 
 shalt be delivered ; there shall the Lord redeem 
 thee from the hand of thine enemies." (Verse 10.) 
 Though in the sudden birth of the new nation- 
 ality there may truly be said to have been no 
 preceding travail, in the way of war and carnage, 
 the ordinary antecedents of a new government, 
 yet in another sense Zion travailed before she 
 brought forth. And every reader will at once 
 realize the appropriateness of this expressive 
 figure, in its application to the last several years 
 of the history of the United States. 
 
 The city out of which the daughter of Zioin 
 goes, is determined by the whole connection, es- 
 pecially verse 8, to be Jerusalem in the antitype, 
 so often spoken of by the prophets. This is in- 
 habited after the departure of the daughter by 
 her child, as heir to the inheritance, and styled 
 in verse 7 the remnant, and the strong nation. 
 The going out into the field, does not signify a 
 local removal; but is the antithesis of the casting 
 
06 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 off of the remnant in vcrpc 7. It is the panic in 
 meaning as to locality, with the promise, '' I will . 
 remove far off the northern array." (Joel ii. 20.) 
 This going out of Jerusalem, is a departure in 
 spirit and principle, as we shall hereaflcr more , 
 clearly see from the covenant of Israel restored. 
 IJer going into the fichl signifies her exclusion 
 from the shelter of God's protection and blessing, 
 {18 his peculiar people. Her going even to 
 BabyloTi, denotes so thorough a departure on the 
 part of the daughter of Zion from her original i 
 condition as the Israel of God, as that she goes 
 into captivity to the very opposite spirit and prin- 
 ciple. This is illustrated in the fact before re- i 
 ferred to, that the stone, though cut out of the ^ 
 mountain aftrr the toca of the image appear, yet | 
 strikes the feet of the image; denoting ft recon- 
 struction of the empire ; a reconstruction in" 
 spirit, and without reference to locality and form. 1 
 That the whole spirit and character of that j 
 series of empires is found in this reconstruction, 
 is plain from the liiet already stated, that the 
 ''brass, and silver, and gold, as well as the iron j 
 and olay," are found in the feet when stricken | 
 by the stone, (Dan. ii. 35,) j as also I'lom the fact 
 stated, (cha]». vii. 12,) that whou the dominion ! 
 of these great beasts Ih taken away, *' their lives i 
 
IN HIOPIIECY. 97 
 
 vrere prolonged for a season and a time." The 
 whole spirit of the old empires is foiind in the 
 final conflict between liberty and despotism. And 
 now we may appeal to the reader as to the appli- 
 cation of this to the United States, since the rise 
 of the Confederate States. Read the message of 
 President Lincoln to the called session of Con- 
 gress on the fourth of the present month, (July, 
 1861,) and look at the consolidated despotism 
 arisino; on the destruction of the rights of States 
 as "such. Note his attempted apologies for infrac- 
 tions of the Constitution, in the invasion of the 
 dearest personal and social rights, and his call for 
 four hundred thousand men and four hundred 
 millions of dollars for the subjugation of the new 
 nationality of the South. See how this has been 
 responded to by the Congressional approbation of 
 even an additional hundred thousand men, and a 
 hundred million dollars more than required. Con- 
 sider also the participation of the spirit of tlie Gov- 
 ernment by the masses of the peoples. We ask then, 
 is not the whole spirit of the old monarchies the 
 spirit of despotism, of subjugation, and war, being 
 rapidly developed in the United States, as one 
 of the feet, thus to speak, of the image to be 
 bVoken by the stone cut out of the mountain. 
 The history of this spirit of monarchy^ in its coa- 
 -4 
 
98- TILE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 quest of Israel restored, is noted in the succeed- 
 ing visions of Daiiii'l. When it has prevailed, 
 even in its more uici}>ient statics in the govern- 
 meut, the birth of this child of the dauirhter of 
 Zion occurs. (Verse lU.) The redemption of 
 Zion, after his birth, from the hand of her cne- 
 mies, may point out the identity of the daughter 
 of Zion, in her original character, with her son, 
 and her redemption in him as representing the 
 remnant that is saved, or it may mean the revival 
 of the spirit of the Constitution in some of the States 
 of the North, as the Western or Pacific States, re- 
 sulting in a great war, in which the government 
 will be overthrown. The promise is true in either 
 application, as shall appear hereafter. 
 
 The child that is born is determined, in cliap. 
 V. 4., to be a man child. His birth is also 
 identified with that of c/iiVJr^?/, as in Isa. Ixvi. 
 showing that he is one in one sense, and many in 
 another sense, or many in one. It is also, as we 
 believe, referred to in Jer. xv. 9., as in the con- 
 nection we are expounding, as the birth of 
 seven, in allusion to the seven original States in 
 the dominion of the man child, ''She that hath 
 borne seven languishoth : she hath given up the 
 ghost; her sun is gone down while it was yet day." 
 Alas, for the fate of the daugliter of Zion. Tho 
 
IN PROPHECY. W 
 
 day of her trouble, ay, of her death, as to the 
 covenant of God's Israel, has come. 
 
 The time of the birth of this child of the 
 daughter of Zion is fixed in chapter v. 1, 2. 
 *'But thou Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be 
 little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of 
 thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be 
 ruler in Israel, whose goings forth have been 
 from of old, even from everlasting." This is applied 
 in Matt. ii. 6, to the birth of the Divine Re- 
 deemer personally. He is here characterized as 
 he that is to be (hereafter) ruler in Israel, when 
 Israel shall be restored as the final kingdom. 
 
 "Therefore will he, 'the Saviour/ give them 
 up until the time that she which travaileth, 
 hath brought forth. Then shall the remnant of 
 his brethren return unto the children of Israel." 
 
 Those given up by our Saviour are his breth- 
 ren after the flesh, the people among whom he 
 was born. They are here distinguished from 
 "the children of Israel," showing that Israel in 
 the antitype is different from the literal old type. 
 The children of Israel are not the Church, as 
 such, being plainly identified with the remnant 
 that becomes a strong nation, v. 7, and with 
 the child of the daughter of Zion. It is said 
 here that when this birth occurs, then the rem- 
 
100 THK COXFF.DEUATE STATSE 
 
 nant of his 1»rethrcn shall return to tlie children 
 of Israel. Thus the kinirfioni that, aceordintr to 
 the Saviour's assertion, was to be taken from 
 these literal brethren, has etwue hs to its Jirst 
 dominion to the dautrliter of Zion, identified 
 with the '* mountain of the Lord's house," or 
 the United States, and passes in its final domin- 
 ion to her son, who sjnehronizes with the stone 
 kini^dom, or the Confederate i>tates. It then 
 finds a nation bringing: forth the fruits thereof, 
 as will more and more fully a|)pear, as we believe, 
 in the luture history of the new nationality that 
 has so suddenly and gloriously risen up in the 
 world. 
 
 To his literal brethren our Saviour said, '' Be- 
 hold your house is left unto you desolate ; and 
 verily 1 say unto you, Ye shall not see me until 
 the time come when ye shall say, Blessed is he 
 that Cometh in tlie name of the Lord." Luke 
 xiii. 35. The time of his absence and their 
 desolation is the period durimr which he is said, 
 in the passage under cuusideration, to "give 
 them up." He tliat cometh in the name of the 
 Lord is the child of the daughter of Zion, com- 
 ing in the name of the Lord, and bearing his 
 name, as the nationality in which he rules. Or 
 if this phnise be applied to the Saviour hijuself, 
 
IN PROPHECY. 101 
 
 as in some passages in the Evangelists, then it is 
 to him, as coming in the glory of his final reign, 
 when the language of the multitude is specially 
 appropriate: *' Blessed is the king that com etji 
 in the name of the ]jord : peace in heaven and 
 glory in the highest." Luke xix. 38. The Jews 
 rejected him in his humiliation, and were "given 
 up " to unbelief. The vail will remain upon 
 their hearts until they t^ee him in the glory of 
 the final kingdom. Then shall the remnant of 
 his brethren return unto the children of Israel. 
 
 The man child of the daughter of Zion spoken 
 of in the passage under discussion, is not born 
 until after our Saviour's personal advent, nor 
 until he has long given up his literal brethren, 
 nor until near the time of their conversion, in 
 which conversion he is said to be instrumental, 
 as will doubtless be seen in the future. This 
 period is, as the whole connection shows, that 
 of the division of Israel restored, and the rise of 
 the sixth kingdom, or Confederate States. 
 
 " And he shall stand and feed in the strength 
 of the Lord, in the majesty of the name of the 
 Lord his God; and they shall abide; for now 
 shall he be great unto the ends of the earth. 
 And this man sliall be the peace when the Assy- 
 rian shall come into our land; and when he 
 
168 THE CONFEDKRATE STATES. 
 
 shall tread in our palaces then shall we raise 
 against him seven shepherds and eight principal 
 wen,'^ or, as the margin reads, " princes of 
 men." v. 4, 5. 
 
 This passage cannot possibly refer literally, to 
 the old Assyrian power. The unbroken connec- 
 tion in which it stands, places its fulfilment 
 after the birth of our Savior, and even late in 
 gospel times. The man who is to be our peace, 
 must be the one just spoken of, as having been 
 born. The Assyrian power had passed away 
 before the birth of our Savior, much more before 
 the birth of the son of Zion, mentioned in 
 verse 3. " Besides," as Scott says, '' Senacher- 
 rib's invasion was not repelled by the rulers or 
 chieftains of Israel ; 2 Kings, 19-35 ; nor did 
 the Jews ever invade or waste the Assyrian do- 
 minions, or those of the Chaldeans, who after- 
 wards occupied the same regions, it seems evi- 
 dent that these expressions must be understood 
 as mystically intending other enemies of the 
 church, who should be of the same spirit with 
 Senacherrib and the Assyrians." 
 
 The whole connection shows that the oppressed 
 people mentioned here, is the final " remnant" 
 of Israel restored, chap. iv. 7, represented by 
 the man child U" the daughter of Zion^ and that the 
 
IN PROPHECY. lOB 
 
 Assyrian is the power attempting the subjuga- 
 tion of this remnant in the spirit of Senacherrib, 
 and the Assyrians who invaded ancient Israel. 
 This is identical with the reconstructed Roman 
 empire of the feet image, in which is found the 
 gold of the head, or Assyrian empire, as well as 
 all the other metals of the image. And other 
 passages show that this final embodiment of the 
 Assyrian spirit is found in Israel restored and 
 rejected, and endeavoring to conquer the rem- 
 nant. 
 
 He who is to be the peac«, refers to the child 
 of the daughter of Zion last spoken of, verse 3, 
 with reference, too, to the personal Savior, who, 
 as sitting on the right hand of power, rCigns 
 with the man child, and invisibly guides and sus- 
 tains him in his dominion, according to the dec- 
 laration in verse 2, "who is to be ruler in Israel." 
 *' Then shall we raise against him seven shep- 
 herds." The term "we" here refers to the rem- 
 nant of Israel restored. The shepherds are the 
 tribes of this remnant, in allusion to the occupa- 
 tion of the sons of Jacob, as the original heads 
 of the tribes, and signifying, also, a very mild, 
 beneficent sort of government. Seven shepherds 
 and eight principal men, not meaning fifteen, 
 but simply adding one to the seven, because of 
 
104 THE COXFKDERATE STATES 
 
 his iiuporta^ioc, :uid as, perchance, rcprcsentiitr; 
 jjiiotlior class. The seven t^hephcrds are tribes 
 of the reiiitiant X)f Israel restored, already under 
 the peaceful dominion of the niau child of Zion. 
 The one added agrees in spirit with the shep- 
 herds, but does not occupy the same position 
 with the ^ll('plK'rds. And yet, in another Hcnse, 
 he does oecnpy the t*unie p(i.sitit>n ; for though 
 not numbered with the seven as shepherds, yet, 
 when they are spoken of as princes of iucd, 
 which phrase signifies government of some sort, 
 he is numbered witli them. This enuuieration, 
 takinj^ place in immediate connection with the 
 invasion of the " Assyrian," signifies that the 
 eighth is added partly, if not wholly, because of 
 military power. The distiiiguishim:: of this 
 eighth from the seven, and yet idcntitieation 
 with thorn, seems to intimate that it is one of 
 the tribes of Israel, not yet formally included in 
 the remnant. 
 
 When the Government of the l.'nitcd States, 
 as Israel restored, and rejected, hud so far im- 
 bibed the Assyrian spirit as to undertake the 
 subjugation of the remnant that had gone out, 
 represented by the seven shepherds, or original 
 (Confederate Stiites, the C'onvention of the State 
 of V irginia at once adopted the ordinance of se- 
 
TN PROPHEOY. 105 
 
 cession, Vice-President Strphons was dis- 
 patched to confer with the Convention ; and, in 
 his message to the called session of Congress, 
 President Davis announced that a Convention 
 had been concluded, by which the vast military 
 power of Virginia was added to that of the seven 
 original States. The action of Virginia, the 
 great mother of States and of statesmen, is men- 
 tioned also by President Lincoln, in his message 
 to Congress on the fourth of July, 18(31, as ex- 
 ceedingly important. The secession of Virginia 
 was hailed with rapturous delight by the people 
 of the seceded States, while it rendered the sub- 
 jugation of the Confederate States even more 
 certainly an impossibility. This great State is 
 also a representative of the entire i'our, included 
 in the second secession ; all which are included, 
 as we shall see in another passage, with the seven 
 original States. 
 
 " And they shall waste (or eat up, as the mar- 
 gin reads,) the land of Assyria with the sword, 
 and" the land of Nimrod in the entrances thereof, 
 (or, as the margin reads, with her own naked 
 swords,) thus shall ho deliver us from the Assyrian 
 when he cometh into our land." 
 
 This land of Assyria is the same antitype of 
 old '* Assyria" above referred to, and we consid- 
 
106 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 cr the paPMcc as indicating that the Confederate 
 States will be abundantly successful in resisting 
 the power which seeks the overthrow of their 
 independence. If the marginal reading, " with 
 her own naked, or unsheathed swords," be cor- 
 rect, and we do not insist upon it, then it points 
 to a civil war in the North before the present 
 Bcene of indignation and trouble shall have 
 passed by. Whether this marginal rendering be 
 admissible or not, we believe the passage to em- 
 brace this whole " time of trouble," and to re- 
 ceive illustration from the breaking of the feet 
 of the image by the stone cut out. of the moun- 
 tain. 
 
 The people thus delivered, are the remnant of 
 Jacob in the antitype, spoken of in verses 7, 8, 
 and the succeeding part of the chapter. 
 
 The character of the government of this rem- 
 nant is intimated. The term, " we will raise 
 up," etc., must be applied to the people, and at- 
 tributing to them great power, signities a peo- 
 ples' government. The seven shepherds are the 
 tribe, or state government, the child of the 
 daughter of Zion, who coincides with the rem- 
 nant, and is the means of peace, by successfully 
 resistiri'T invasion in the eonl"edt;rate government. 
 The connectioa of the Divine Kedeemer with it, 
 
IN PROPHECY. lt)7 
 
 as ruler in Israel, shows that it is his Kingdom, 
 in which he reigns, though invisibly. Thus it 
 is written, " In that day shall the Lord be for 
 a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, 
 unto the residue of his people. And for a 
 spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judg- 
 ment j and for strength to them that turn the 
 battle to the gate." That such has been the 
 case with the Confederate States, as the " resi- 
 due" of the restored Israel, or "people" of the 
 Lord, we appeal to the reader for proof The 
 great wisdom that has guided the government, 
 and its amazing success in arms, have elicited 
 attention and remark, not only in this country, 
 but in Europe. That such will be the case 
 hereafter, the prophecies, we believe, abundantly 
 declare. 
 
 That this whole section of Micah's prophecy 
 coincides with the visions of the mountain, and 
 the stone cut of the mountain, and of the An- 
 cient of days, and the one like the Son of man, 
 is plain, not only from the details we have re- 
 ferred to, but from the fact that, substantially, 
 the same things are said here of the " remnant 
 of Jacob" that are stated as to the sixth king- 
 dom in the visions. 
 
108 THK CONFEi>ERATE STATES 
 
 CUAPTER VI. 
 
 THE crfNFEDERATE STATES—CONTINUED. 
 
 Zcchariah's prophecies — Division of the Union — Bor- 
 der States as the slain shepherds — The eleven States 
 as "the third" — The divided mountain — Ezek. xxxiv. 
 — ^The gathered flock judged and divided — Isa. Ixr. 
 11-16 — The Northern army — The American flag — 
 Division — Contrast — One like the Son of man — 
 Charader of the government — How established — 
 "When it appears. 
 
 We iuvite attention to some passages in the 
 prophecies of Zechariah, in reference to the 
 division of the restored Israel of God. The 
 date of this book is placed from 520 to 500 B. C, 
 about two hundred years after the division of 
 Israel and Judah. 
 
 Zechariah is ret:;arded as a very obscure pro- 
 ]»het, not ijnly in lan'j^uaL^e and iniaircry, but as 
 to the application and import of his predictions. 
 The main reason why he is so hard to be under- 
 stood, as we believe, is that he had more refer- 
 ence in his prophecies to Israel in the antitype 
 
IN PROPHECY. 109 
 
 than in the old type. And we are of opinion 
 that, among other prophecies having reference 
 to these latter times, he predicts, with sufficient 
 distinctness, the division of the American Union 
 as the modern Israel of God. This division is 
 represented in chapter xi. under the idea of the 
 breaking of two staves. 
 
 One staff is called Beauty, and represents the 
 covenant between God and the people. The 
 other is called Bands, and symbolizes the union 
 of the tribes. ''And I took my staif, even 
 Beauty, and cut it asunder, that I might break 
 my covenant which I had made with all the 
 people." Zech. xi. 10. " Then I cut asunder mine 
 other staff, even Bands, that I might break the 
 brotherhood between Judah and Israel." Verse 
 14. Archbishop Newcome says of this verse : 
 " I cannot explain this passage without supposing 
 that the kingdom of of Israel subsisted when 
 the prophet wrote it, and that either the wars 
 between Judah and Israel are referred to, or the 
 captivity of the ten tribes when the hrotherfy 
 connection between these kingdoms ceased." 
 
 Dr. Clarke says, in the close of his notes on 
 this chapter : " There are several things in this 
 chapter that are very obscure, and we can hardly 
 say what opinion is right, nor is it at all clear 
 
110 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 whether thoy refer to a very early or late period 
 in Jewish history." 
 
 The great difficulty here is, that the prophet 
 set forth in the breaking of the sticks the divi- 
 sion of Israel, and yet he lived long after that 
 division took place in the type. If, however, 
 the transaction be referred to Israel in the anti- 
 type, or the United States, it will be, as we 
 think, more easily understood, especially in view 
 of the memorable fact recorded in connection 
 with it, in verses eighth and ninth : "Three shep- 
 herds also I cut oif in one month ; and my soul 
 loathed them, (or, as the margin reads, was 
 straitened for them,) and their soul also abhorred 
 me. Then said I, I will not feed you : that that 
 dieth, let it die; and that that is to be cut off, 
 let it be cut off; and let the rest eat every one 
 the flesh of another." 
 
 The three shepherds, answering, though, in a 
 different position, to the "seven shepherds," here- 
 tofore referred to, are three of the tribes of Israel 
 restored. They are Maryland, Kentucky, and Mis- 
 souri, for the present excluded from covenant 
 of the final " Judah." They refused to come 
 with the seceding States until the arm of federal 
 power interposed to hold them back, as at this 
 day. They are " cut off" from the covenant of 
 
IN PROPHECY. Ill 
 
 Judah, in contradistinction from the tribes of 
 Israel that die as to the covenant, as signifying 
 that they shall arise from the dust of the earth, 
 when this time of trouble shall end in the over- 
 throw of the power that oppresses them. 
 
 '' Let the rest eat the flesh one of another." 
 This points, as we believe, to the fearful conflict 
 to take place among the States of the North, 
 resulting in the three-fold division of their gen- 
 eral government. Then, and not until then, will 
 the slain shepherds arise. Not one of the bor- 
 der States will be able, as we believe, to enter 
 the Southern Confederacy until that time. This 
 opinion was expressed as early as the 13th of 
 June, in the city of Houston, Texas, and is 
 written here on the 31st day of July, 1861. 
 This conclusion is based simply on this and other 
 prophecies referring to these States. 
 
 This division is represented numerically as to 
 the tribes or States, in chapter xiii. 7, 8, 9: 
 ^'Awake, O sword, against my Shepherd, and 
 against the man that is my fellow, (or, as Clarke 
 renders it, ^ upon the strong man,' or '■ the hero 
 that is with me,') saith the Lord of hosts : smite 
 the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered ; 
 and I will turn mine hand upon the little ones. 
 And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, 
 
112 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 saith the Lord, two parts therein shall be cut off 
 and die; but the third shall be left therein. 
 And I will bring the third part through the fire, 
 and will refine them as silver is refined, and will 
 try them as gold is tried : they shall call on my 
 name, and I will hear them : I will say, It is my 
 people; and they shall say, The Lord is my 
 God." 
 
 The phrase, " smite the Shepherd, and the 
 sheep shall be scattered," is quoted by our 
 Saviour in application to his condition when his 
 disciples all forsook him and fled, But this- 
 could not be the final fulfilment of the whole 
 passage ; for, instead of the fleeing of all the 
 sheep, "two parts" are cut off" and die, while " the 
 third" remains. Besides, the phrase " in all 
 the land" decides the final fulfilment to be of a 
 national character. If the prophecy be carried 
 forward to the destruction of Jerusalem, is it 
 true that two-thirds in all the land of Judea 
 were then cut off" and died ? Is it true that the 
 remaining third were brought through the fire 
 and purified, and made the faithful servants of 
 God ? This has assuredly not been realized in 
 view of their persevering rejection of the Saviour, 
 and, as we have seen, the veil will not be taken 
 from their hearts until the fulness of the Gen- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 118- 
 
 tiles Is brought in, or the man child of the 
 daughter of Zion, representing the final king- 
 dom, appears, when they will return to the 
 children of Israel. 
 
 We have seen that the whole passage cannot 
 apply to the Saviour personally, and that it was 
 not fulfilled in the destruction of Jerusalem. 
 But if it be connected with the division of 
 Israel restored, signified, as we have seen, by the 
 breaking of the sticks or covenants, then the 
 meaning is easy and plain. The sword of Divine 
 judgment smites the shepherd when the stick 
 called Beauty is cut asunder, signifying that 
 God's covenant with all the people, or Israel as 
 a whole, is broken. " He thus shall accomplish 
 to scatter the power of the lioly people;" at the 
 end and completion of prophetic vision, (see 
 Dan. xii. 7,) the passage under review is ful- 
 filled. Thus, when the United States Govern- 
 ment, as the Ancient of days, is smitten, thirty- 
 three States compose the Union. They are 
 arranged in three classes: (1.) Those that die 
 as to the covenant, as the coercion States of the 
 North: (2.) Those that are cut off, as the three 
 shepherds or border States; and the eleven 
 Confederate States as '' the third," which 
 are even now being brought through the 
 
'114 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 fire, in order to their purification : not as to their 
 whole individual population, but as constituting 
 the nationality of the final kingdom, in which 
 the Lord rules. 
 
 In ch. xiv. 1-5, the division is represented 
 geojrraphically as to " the inhabited places of the 
 country :" " Behold, the day of the Lord com- 
 eth, and thy spoil shall be divided in the midst 
 of thee. For I will gather all nations against 
 Jerusalem to battle." The term '^ earth" is in 
 very numerous instances used for the land of Israel. 
 Sec iSymbolical Die. In a corresponding sense, 
 the term nations or nations of the earth signifies 
 simply the tribes or states of Israel restored. It 
 was not true of the army of Titus, that it in- 
 cluded all nations. But in the strugirle which 
 precipitated the fall of the Jerusalem of the 
 prophets, or our Israel restored, all the classes 
 of States — the aggressive States, the Southern 
 States, those that promptly seceded, and those 
 that did not — all in their several measures of 
 policy contributed to this division. We need 
 not enlarge here. 
 
 And "the city," or general government, shall be 
 taken, and the " houses," or State governments, 
 which are included in the city, riiied of their 
 innocent, unaggressive character, and animated 
 
IN PROPHECY. 115 
 
 by the spirit of fratricidal war, and "the women/* 
 it may be churches, ravished of their innocence 
 and purity, as to enter heartily into the war for 
 the coercion and subjugation of the States of the 
 South. Thus, as we have seen, the Church idea 
 is often presented in the prophecies of Israel 
 restored, and such may be the meaning here. 
 Now, whether we can hit the meaning in all the 
 particulars or not, as it may be more a general 
 than a particular description, we believe that the 
 general idea of the conquest of Israel restored 
 by the old monarchical principle, as set forth in 
 other prophetic visions, to be involved here. 
 
 "And half of the city shall go forth into cap- 
 tivity.*' Allusion is had, in using the term 
 " half," to the statement above : " Thy spoil 
 shall be divided in the midu of thee;" and to 
 the division of the mountain, when " half goes 
 to the north and half to the south," including 
 specially those States most thoroughly over- 
 come by the despotic principle, now being 
 rapidly developed in the United States Gov- 
 ernment. Thus it is written in Revelation, 
 as we believe, in the same application, " He that 
 leadeth into captivity shall go into captivity : he 
 that killeth with the sword must be killed with 
 the sword." 
 
IIG THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 "Then jihall the Lord go forth and fi.cht 
 againtst those nations/' or States, ''as he fought in 
 the day of battle." He will interpose in giving 
 aid to the arms of the residue, just as he did in 
 the wars of his people in former times. The 
 war is, in our judgment, the one now in pro- 
 gress. The amazing success at Great Bethel, 
 Bull Bun, Manassas, and indeed, throughout 
 the war thus far, is a comment on this and kind- 
 red predictions. Never, surely, since the wars- 
 of God's ancient people, has there been such 
 remarkable and uniform success against such 
 tremendous odds, and with such terror and dis- 
 may to the foe. The explanation is found in 
 the fact that the Lord goes forth to fight against 
 the coercion foes of his peculiar people. Thus 
 it has been, and thus it will be to the close of 
 the war. 
 
 "And his feet shall stand in that day upon the 
 Mount of Olives, which is before Jerusalem, on 
 the east, and the mount of Olives shall cleave 
 hi the midst thereof toward the East and to- 
 ward the west, and there shall be a very great 
 valley, and half of the mountain shall re- 
 move toward the north, and half of it toward 
 the south. And ye shall flee to the valley of the 
 mountains." 
 
IN PROPHECY. 117 
 
 Our Saviour ascended from the literal Mount 
 of Olives, and he shall stand on that mountain, 
 or government, typified by the literal mount 
 when he comes to reign. The Mount of Olives 
 is here used as typical of the first dominion of 
 Israel restored, or the mountain of the house of 
 the Lord. This is, as we have seen, the United 
 States. When he thus stands on the mount, it 
 divides assunder, half toward the north, and 
 half of it toward the south. And the complete- 
 ness of this division is signified by the great 
 valley that intervenes, and by the fact that that 
 valley lies now between two mountains which 
 were parts of the same mountain. "And ye 
 shall flee to the valley of the mountains," just as 
 the border States have done, with the result 
 shadowed forth in the figure of the three slain 
 shepherds, which certainly accords with the 
 facts as they now exist. 
 
 We have given what we doubt not is the true 
 exposition of the text. The literal xMount of 
 Olives cannot be referred to. Is it necessary to 
 attempt to refute the supposition of Dr. Clarke 
 that this text refers to the lines of circumvalla- 
 tion drawn by Titus in the seige of Jerusalem, 
 represented as dividing the mount in twain, and 
 forming a great valley between them? That in- 
 
118 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 terpetation was given because no other could then 
 be found. The transaction is the cutting of the 
 stone out of the mountain, and accordingly sub- 
 stantially the same things are said to follow the 
 event here described, as are said of the stone 
 kingdom in Dan. ii. 
 
 We have noticed only some of the main points 
 in the remarkable prophecy of Zechariah, re- 
 specting the division of the modern Israel of 
 God. We cannot now undertake to explain all 
 the items contained in these chapters, though 
 we believe that the whole connection is consist- 
 ent with the exposition we have given. The 
 prophecy coincides in meaning, as we doubt not, 
 with numerous other predictions of the momen- 
 tous events of these troublous times. 
 
 In further proof of the division of Israel in 
 the antitype, we refer to Ezek. xxxiv. 12 : "As 
 a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day that 
 he is among his sheep that ate scattered, so will 
 I seek out my sheep, and will deliver them out 
 of all places where they have been scattered in 
 the cloudy and dark day, and I will bring them 
 out from the people, and gather them from 
 the countries and will bring them to their 
 own land, and feed them upon the moun- 
 tains of Israel, by the rivers, and in all the in- 
 
IN PROrHECY. 119 
 
 habited places of the country.'^ Here is the 
 restoration of Israel iu the antitype. There fol- 
 lows, however, a discrimination and judgment 
 " between cattle and cattle," between one part of 
 the flock and the other. The one is called the 
 fat cattle, the other the lean cattle. 
 
 God expostulates with and reproaches the 
 fat ones, thus : ^' Seemeth it a small thing unto 
 you to have eaten up the good pasture, but ye^ 
 must tread down with your feet the residue of 
 your pastures, and to have drunk of the deep 
 waters, but ye must foul the residue with your 
 feet. And as for my flock, they eat that which 
 ye have trodden with your feet, and they drink 
 that which ye have fouled with your feet." Verses 
 18, 19. No illustration could more fully express 
 the fact that the great Northern States have 
 grown fat by the union, while, at the same time, 
 abusing the poorer and weaker States of the 
 South, which have, to a large extent, sustained 
 and enriched them. Addressing these fat and 
 affSfressive ones in favor of the lean ones, it is 
 continued, " Behold I, even I, will judge be- 
 tween the fat cattle and between the lean cattle. 
 Because ye have thrust with side and with 
 shoulder, and pushed all the diseased with your 
 horns, till ye have scattered them abroad, there- 
 
120 THK CONFF.nF.RATE STATKS 
 
 « 
 
 fore will I s«ive my flock, and they shall be no 
 more a prey, and I will jiuliic between cattle 
 and cattle. And I will set up one shepherd 
 over them, even my servant David : ho shall feed 
 them and he shall be their shepherd, and I the 
 Lord will be their God, and my servant David a 
 prince among them. 
 
 Here we have Israel restored in the glorious 
 antit^'pe, and a discrimination made between the 
 fat cattle and the lean cattle. And while in this 
 solemn judgment of the flock the former are 
 cast off, the latter are saved as a remnant, and 
 David in the antitype, or the Saviour, is set over, 
 them. A covenant of peace is estiiblished with 
 them, and they arc to be delivered from all 
 ^' evil beasts," or oppressors. It is promi.«:ed 
 that they shall be a blessing, and that there shall 
 be showers of blessing — that the tree, af the 
 field shall yield her fruit, and the earth shall 
 yield her increase. These and many other 
 blessings are promised in the connection under 
 consideration. A scene of peace and happiness 
 and glory follows the division of the. flock, and 
 in connection with the remnant that is saved 
 similar to that described of the stone, and the 
 one like the son of man. In the one as in the 
 
IN PROrilECY. 121 
 
 others, we have the kingdom in which the 
 Saviour rules. 
 
 Of the same import with the passages we have 
 noticed is that contained in Isaiah Ixv. 11--14: 
 "But ye are they that forsake the Lord, that for- 
 get my holy mountain, that prepare a table for 
 that troop, and furnish the drink-offering unto 
 that number. Therefore will I number you to 
 the sword, and ye shall all bow down to the 
 slaughter : because when I called, ye did not an- 
 swer; when I spake, ye did not hear; but did 
 evil before mine eyes^ and did choose that where- 
 in I delighted not. Therefore saith the Lord 
 God, Behold, my servants shall eat, but ye shall 
 be hungry : behold, my servants shall drink, but 
 ye shall be thirsty: behold, my servants shall re- 
 joice, but ye shall be ashamed: behold, my ser- 
 vants shall sing for joy of heart, but ye shall cry 
 for sorrow of heart,- and shall howl for vexation 
 of spirit. And ye shall leave your name for a 
 curse unto my chosen : for the Lord God shall 
 slay thee, and call his servants by another nanie." 
 
 That ihose addressed here had belonged to the 
 Israel of God, is plain from the fact that they 
 are rebuked for forgetting him, and forsaking his 
 holy mountain. That they had been called by 
 the same name with the "servants" mentioned, 
 
122 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 IS plain from the fact that these latter are noxr 
 to be culled by another name. The scene is laid, 
 as the connection shows, in common with most 
 of the prophecies of Isaiah, in the latter times. 
 And here is the vision of the restored Israel, fol- 
 lowed by a scene of glory that we have found 
 elsewhere. Here is presented a striking contrast 
 between those rebuked and cast off, represented 
 by Ezekiel as the fat cattle, and those styled the 
 Lord's servants or chosen, over whom he will 
 reiirn. That contrast between the old nationality 
 and the new has already commenced, and it will 
 undoubtedly widen with the flight of months and 
 years. 
 
 Those cast off are specially reproached, as pre- 
 paring *'a table for that troop," and as furnish- 
 inji: "the drink offering for that number." The 
 troop is the great coercion army attempting the 
 subjugation of the States of the South, which as 
 being sustained at enormous expense, renders 
 mention of the preparing of a table for it the 
 more impressive. 
 
 A note in Bagster's Bible says, that '^an in- 
 finite number of dissertations" have been written 
 on "that number," {meiii,) mentioned here as an 
 object of idolatrous regard ; and after stating 
 the utter f ruitlessncss of all inquiry on the sub- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 123 
 
 ject, significantly asks among other questions, Is 
 it a number of stars here meant? We answer, 
 It is we believe, the number of thirty four stars 
 emblazoned on the American flag, and to which 
 extraordinary honors have been paid. A divine 
 of the North, recently said in a grave religious 
 convention, ^' We almost worship the flag." This 
 witness is true. It has been suspended across 
 the streets of towns and cities — has floated from 
 the tops of private houses and public buildings, 
 and even the temples of religious worship. It 
 has been, it is said, in some instances — few we 
 trust — even spread upon the communion table. 
 The '^ drink-off"ering of blood," to use the language 
 of the Psalmist, has been poured out in its honor. 
 How many have perished in sustaining that flag, 
 even as the symbol of oppression and fratricidal 
 war ! 
 
 The Ancient of days is employed by the Al- 
 mighty in judging European despotism, and par- 
 ticularly the Papal power. The sitting of this 
 judgment is, as we have seen, according to some 
 writers, taken from the grand sanhedrim, with 
 its president, representing the Federal Govern- 
 ment, and the consistory sitting around, all united 
 in the deliberation and sentence of judgment. 
 At the close of the probationary period mvolvcd 
 
124 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 in "the first dorainion" of Israel restored, the 
 tribes themselves are judued, as to their covenant 
 of loyalty to God and his word, and of equality 
 kindness, and justice, among themselves. Those 
 tribes that forsake God and forget his holy moun- 
 tain, are as seen in the quotation from Isaiah, al- 
 ready examined, cast off. The other tribes as a 
 remnant, retain the covenant blessings of God's 
 peculiar people, and inherit the final glorious 
 kingdom. Among the reasons for this casting 
 off, are their forsaking God — substituting opinion 
 and sentiment for Divine authority; and the 
 coercion war, it would seem, seals the sentence 
 of exclusion from tlie heritage of God. They 
 are specially reproached with the feeding of that 
 troop, and thus making war upon their sister 
 States. Cast off, they go into captivity to the 
 old monarchical principle. Endeavoring to sub- 
 jugate others, they are subjugated themselves. 
 And their central government, built upon the 
 destruction of the rights of States, becomes in- 
 deed, in part at least, the reorganized Roman 
 empire. Thus in the king's vision, it is to be in- 
 terred that the stone is cut out of the mountain, 
 because of a change in the character of the 
 mountain. And we think that it will be found 
 U) be tnio, that in every other prophetic vision in 
 
IN PROPHECY. 125 
 
 which the Roman empire is found, its final ex- 
 ploit is the conquest of the holy land in the anti- 
 type, or the destruction of the '* mighty and holy 
 people." But we cannot, however, discuss the 
 subject in this connection. 
 
 " I saw in the night visions, and, behold, o7i(^ 
 like the Son of man came with the clouds of 
 heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and 
 they brought him near before him.'' Dan. vii. 13. 
 
 The one like the Son of man is certainly the 
 stone cut out of the mountain. It is the oppo- 
 site of the beasts preceding it, and is the high- 
 est ideal of free government, in spirit and in 
 form. It is a glorious, powerful, christian re- 
 public. It is also like the mountain, or Ancient 
 of days — a federal republic. This is as certainly 
 true of the stone, as of the mountain out of 
 which it is taken. If the mountain be composed 
 of States, the stone, which is part of it, must be 
 composed of some of these States. Thus, in 
 Daniel's vision, the one like the Son of man 
 comes to the Ancient of days to signify tiiat, in 
 spirit, he agrees with him, receives the kingdom 
 from him, and is really the Ancient of days, or 
 Israel finally restored in the antitype. 
 
 "And f/u^i/ brought him before him," i. e., be- 
 fore the Ancient of days. The term " tl^ey" 
 
126 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 acrrees, in sense, with the saints of the Most Hiirh, 
 mentioned in verse 18. " But the saints of the 
 Most Hijj:h shall take the kingdom, and possess the 
 kingdom for ever, even for ever and ever." It 
 will be observed that the same preeminent, uni- 
 versal, and everlasting dominion attributed to 
 the one like the Son of man is, in verse 18, as- 
 cribed to the saints of the Most High. These 
 saints are, according to Dr. Clarke, supreme, holy 
 ones; or, as Bishop Newton styles them, holy 
 ones. 
 
 These supreme saints can hardly be consid- 
 ered in their personal character as taking the 
 kingdom, or as bringing the one like the Son of 
 man before the Ancient of days. If individual 
 saints be meant in the word kiuhUsJtai here 
 used, their governmental action must be had in 
 organized form. But a man is often used as a 
 symbol of government. Thus, the four success- 
 ive monarchies are together embodied in the 
 image of a man, The ancient people of God 
 were called Israel, the name of their father. 
 The tribe of Judah is called Judah ; and in the 
 Revelation, the men who worship the beast and 
 his image are, as we believe, not individual men, 
 but states, or governments. A saint, as a symbol 
 of government, ^ould represent a very mild, un- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 127 
 
 oppressive christian rule. If, then, the word rep- 
 resents them individually, they must be embod- 
 ied, in order to take the kingdom. And if the 
 term samts^ or holy oneSy be used in a symbolic 
 sense, as signifying governments, the same is 
 true. These saints, as a portion of Israel re- 
 stored, are the " remnant" tribes spoken of else- 
 where. Thus, in ancient times, Israel acted by 
 tribes. It is predicted of the restoration in 
 christian times, " Thou shall be gathered one hy 
 one, ! Israel." Thus, cooperation of the 
 States utterly failed, in both the first and second 
 secessions ; and every State, or tribe, acted in 
 accordance with the prophecy, by and for itself. 
 Thus, too, in the judgment of the tribes, when, 
 as in Ezekiel, God is represented as judging be- 
 tween one part of the flock and the other, they 
 must stand alone, just as in the final personal 
 judgment, every one of us must give'account of 
 himself unto God. It would be entirely absurd 
 to understand the prophecy literally, that the 
 Jews will be gathered, one by one, individually, 
 to their land. Those coming, one by one, are 
 the tribes, or States, in the final restoration. The 
 tribes acting one by one form a central govern- 
 ment. The one like the Son of man, is thus 
 many in one — a king with many crowns — a glo- 
 
128 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 rious federative republic. The one like the Son 
 of man is brought near before the Ancient. He 
 is thus seen as agreeing- with him in spirit. Era- 
 bodying now the whole spirit of Israel restored, 
 he succeeds to the entire inheritance, and re- 
 ceives the supreme dominion. The Ancient, as 
 synchronizing with the mountain, the daughter 
 of Zion, or Israel restored, receives the " first 
 dominion," or embodiment of the kingdom ta- 
 ken from the Jews, as the type. The one like 
 the Son of man, agreeing with the stone cut out 
 of the mountain, the man child of the daughter 
 of Zion, the remnant, after the division of Israel, 
 receives "dominion, and glory, and a kingdom, 
 that all people, nations, and languages, should 
 serve him. His dominion is an everlasting do- 
 minion, which shall not pass away, and his king- 
 dom that which shall not be destroyed." Dan. 
 vii. 14. 
 
 As in the representations of Israel restored, 
 we generally have the ideas of the state and of 
 the church, so in this final symbol. The one 
 like the Son of man is the civil department of 
 the final Israel; the clouds of heaven, with 
 which he comes, represent the ecclesiastical de- 
 partment. The term clouds, as being plural, 
 signifies division in this latter department, and 
 
IN PROPHJICY. 129 
 
 represents the churches existing in the final gov- * 
 ernment at the time of its rise. Thus, our'^Sa- 
 viour comes ^^ sitting on the right hand of power, 
 with the clouds of heaven.'' The " clouds of 
 heaven'' are the churches, the power, the civil 
 government, and the Saviour sits on the right 
 hand of this power, as "the spirit of judgment i 
 unto him that sitteth in judgment, and the ' 
 spirit of strength unto them that turn the battle 
 to the gates." 
 
 What is the time of the rise of the final king- 
 dom ? In the prophecies of Micah, which w^e 
 have referred to, the man child of the daughter 
 of Zion, or the restored Israel, is born, when 
 she has passed under the control of the Babylo- 
 nish spirit. In the passage from Ezekiel, the 
 remnant of the flock is saved, when the judg- 
 ment of the flock ^^ between the fat cattle and 
 the lean cattle" takes place. Accordingly, in 
 the vision of the Ancient of days, the judgment 
 sits, and the books are opened. One of the 
 books is the book of life for the tribes them- 
 selves. Thus, in Isaiah, at the time of the ta- 
 king hold of one man by seven women, when 
 the branch of the Lord shall be glorious, it is 
 said that ^' he that is left in Zion, and he that re- 
 maineth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even 
 
180 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 every one that is written among the liviny in Je- 
 rusalem," — the living tribes, when the others die, 
 as to the covenant of Israel. Thus the angel said 
 to Daniel, in reference to the time ot trouble, 
 which has now commenced, that '' thy people shall 
 be delivered, even every one that shall be found 
 written in the book.'' Thus, there is a book of 
 life for the final Israel, in the great national 
 judgment, just as there is to be in the final per- 
 sonal judgment. At this judgment, some of 
 the tribes, or States, are cast ofi", and others re- 
 served in the final kingdom. This is the scat- 
 tering of the power of the holy people, spoken 
 of in Daniel xii. 7 : " It shall be for a time, 
 times, and a half; and when he shall have accom- 
 plished to scatter the power of the holy people, 
 all these things shall be finished." 
 
 It is also stated, Dan. vii. 25, 26, that they, the 
 saints, " shall be given into his hand," (that of the 
 little horn) " until a time and times and the divi- 
 ding of time. But the judgment shall sit, and 
 they shall take away his dominion to consume and 
 to destroy it unto the end." Now the end, in the 
 latter verse, is the time. when the mystery is fin- 
 ished. Thus the scattering of the power of the 
 holy people, and the destruction of the little 
 horn, agree as to time. Now, the judgment be- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 131 
 
 gins, as to the little horn, when the Ancient 
 comes, and his destruction progresses to the end. 
 See verses 21, 22, 25, 26. The event, as to the 
 holy people, let it be noted, is not the gather- 
 ing, but the scattering of their power. It is not 
 the restoration of Israel, but the division of Is- 
 rael. "When he shall have accomplished to 
 scatter the power of the holy people, all these 
 things shall be finished." As when Israel is* 
 thus divided, the remnant of the tribes that 
 remain among the living, constitute, as we have 
 seen, the final kingdom, it follows that the rise 
 of that kingdom is at the "end.'' Thus the 
 three events agree in time : the destruction of the 
 little horn, the scattering of the power of the 
 holy people, and the rise of the final king- 
 dom. All these occur too, at the close of the 
 great prophetic periods. 
 
 According to the understanding of many in- 
 terpreters of prophecy, these prophetic periods 
 cannot be far from their close. Within the past 
 few months the three events have transpired 
 which mark the end. The power of the little 
 horn has been broken in the absorption of the 
 States of the Church in the united kingdom of 
 Italy. " The power of the holy people,'' called 
 
132 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 in chap. viii. 24, " the mighty and the holy peo- 
 ple," has been scattered, and the one like the 
 Son of man has appeared in the rise of the Con- 
 federate States of America. 
 
 i 
 
IN PROPHECY. 133 
 
 THE CONCLUSION. 
 
 Philosophy of our theory — The book of Revelation — 
 The time of trouble — Convulsions in Europe — Fall 
 of the United States — The present war — Five months 
 — Our national fast — Battle of Manassas — Breaking 
 the blockade — National resurrection — The millen- 
 nium — The final judgment — Heaven. 
 
 The great moral fact which underlies the the- 
 ory we advocate in this work is, that as Satan 
 has been the god of this world, the prince of the 
 power of the air, the controlling spirit in human 
 government, he is to be conquered on that field, 
 as well as on every other, by the Divine Re- 
 deemer. Our Saviour had reference, as we 
 believe, to this victory, when he rejoiced in 
 spirit on seeing Satan fall as lightning from 
 heaven. When this grand aohievement is made, 
 the prophetic vision is unsealed. The scene 
 which introduces the national, or political proph- 
 ecies of the book of Revelation is, we believe, 
 simply a duplicate, under different symbols, of 
 the Ancient of days, and the one like the Son 
 
134 tut: confederate states 
 
 of man. The latter is here presented as the 
 Lamb having seven horns and seven eyes, or the 
 Saviour revealed in civil government. That is 
 the government under which we live. The time 
 of trouble, spoken of by Daniel the prophet, 
 has, we believe, come, when every one, i. e., 
 every tribe of our Israel, written in the book, 
 shall be delivered, and included in the final king- 
 dom. There is, and will be, a mighty shaking 
 of the heaven and the earth. The conflict will 
 go on until, in Europe and America, despotism 
 is eflfectually diminished, or overthrown, and 
 oppressed nationalities shall be liberated from 
 their thraldom. We would not speak with the 
 confidence of a prophet ; but if we have ascer- 
 tained our present stand-point, we think it not 
 irrational that some indications should be fur- 
 nished, as to the general events of the future. 
 We can but believe that very soon terrible con- 
 vulsions will occur in Europe, in which despo- 
 tism, though it may be at first triumphant, will 
 be defeated, in the deliverance of nations now 
 oppressed. 
 
 The time of trouble will, we believe, continue 
 in the New World, until the rising despotism of 
 the North shall be broken in pieces, and the 
 slain shepherds, or border States^ shall live again. 
 
IN PROPHECY. 135 
 
 We understand this to be meant by the division 
 of ^' the great city" into '^ three parts," (Rev. 
 xvi. 19,) though we cannot now give the reasons 
 for that opinion. How long it will be before 
 this shall occur, we cannot tell. From intima- 
 tions which we have, as we think, gathered in 
 the prophecies, it will occur in a very few years. 
 The Confederate States will take part in the con- 
 flict which will overthrow that government. We 
 cannot believe, however, that actual war will exist 
 during all the intervening time. The present war 
 is, as we doubt not, alluded to in many of the 
 prophecies, especially in Joel ii., and in the fifth 
 trumpet. Rev. ix. The im.agery employed is, in 
 both cases, the same, and in both is noted the 
 reflex influence of the war, and those engaged in 
 pushing it forward. We understand the "tor- 
 ment,'' which " was as the torment of a scorpion 
 when it stingeth a man," as describing the 
 furious, unparalleled war spirit which has pre- 
 vailed in the Northern States. This is said to 
 continue five months. 
 
 We understand the book of Revelation, as 
 the prophecies generally, to have an accommo- 
 dated meaning, and a full, final application. The 
 prophetic periods have also a symbolic, and 
 finally, a literal meaning. And we think we 
 
136 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 have found events corresponding to the literal 
 periods. The period given may, however, accord 
 with a different reckoning of time from ours, or 
 may embrace a more general length of time than 
 that indicated. This idea of general, rather 
 than specific periods, is entertained by some 
 writers on prophecy. 
 
 Five months, as indicating the continuance of 
 the war spirit in the North, would literally em- 
 brace the period intervening between the middle 
 of April and the middle of September. About 
 the latter period, it was found so difficult to 
 procure soldiers for the Northern armies, that 
 the system of drafting was urged as a matter of 
 necessity. The policy seemed to be generally 
 advocated by the war journals of the North, of 
 attacking the Atlantic and Gulf States by sea, 
 while maintaining a defensive position on land, 
 as the only hope of success in the war. On the 
 26th of September was published in Richmond, 
 and on yesterday, 29th, in Nashville, this intelli- 
 gence : << The war feeling in the North seems to 
 have generally subsided." If this be true, and 
 we believe it is, the fact may have an important 
 bearing on the future of the war. 
 
 It would not necessarily follow, from this effect- 
 ual waning of the war spirit, preparatory to its 
 
IN PROPHECY. 137 
 
 final extinction, that the actual fighting would 
 immediately cease. It may be five months, or 
 even more, from the time that actual hostilities 
 commenced, after the mighty uprising of the 
 North, just alluded to, and their actual cessa- 
 tion. The war is a " blast of the terrible ones 
 against the wall/' which wall is not, however, 
 unshaken. It is promised, in application, as we 
 believe, to this very case, that the Lord will go 
 with the whirlwinds of the South, as he mani- 
 festly has done, and will do, to the end. 
 
 The exhortation in Joel, on the occurrence of 
 this war is, that we should " blow the trumpet 
 in Zion, sanctify a fast, call a solemn assembly.'' 
 The fast was proclaimed, and proved to be the 
 most solemn and universally observed one of 
 modern times. Throughout all these States, 
 men in the church and out of it, religious and 
 irreligious, forsook their secular employments to 
 mingle in the solemn public worship of Almighty 
 God. That day is referred to, as we believe, in 
 Zech. iii. 9 : " For behold the stone that I have 
 laid before Joshua ; upon one stone shall be 
 seven eyes : behold, I will engrave the graving 
 thereof, saith the Lord of hosts, and I will 
 remove the iniquity of that land in one day." 
 
 That the stone is an emblem of a nationality 
 
138 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 is plain, from the mention of " that land." The 
 seven eyes are in allusion to the seven original 
 States, so often mentioned in these prophecies. 
 The removal, not of individual, but of national 
 sins, is promised : " I will remove the iniquity 
 of that land." This is to be done on a certain 
 day, surely ; a day of national humiliation and 
 prayer. The verse was read on our national fast 
 day, June 13th, and applied to that day. We 
 still believe that the application was just. Does 
 not the bestowment upon us of so many national 
 blessin^jcs indicate this removal of national 
 iniquity ? 
 
 The result is further stated in Joel ii. 18 : 
 " Then will the Lord be jealous for his land, and 
 pity his people. Yea, the Lord will answer and 
 say unto his people. Behold, I will send you 
 corn, and wine, and oil, and ye shall be satisfied 
 therewith : and I will no more make you a re- 
 proach among the heathen." Has not the Lord 
 pitied us ? lias he not filled our land with 
 plenty ? Have we not heretofore been the 
 reproach of the heathen, or as Ezekiel expressed 
 it, " taken up in the lips of talkers" ? The term 
 heathen is used, as we think, in many places, of 
 the tribes or States of Israel rejected. 
 
 "But I will remove far off from you the 
 
IN PROPHECY. 139 
 
 Northern army, and will drive him into a land 
 barren and desolate, with his face toward the 
 east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost 
 sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour 
 shall come up, because he hath done (or as the 
 margin reads, magnified to do) great things/' 
 
 When did an army " magnify to do'' such 
 " great thiugs" as did the Northern army? Is 
 the fact that so many bodies were left unburied 
 on the various battle-fields of the present strug- 
 gle, loading the atmosphere with pestilential 
 stench, no illustration of this passage ? The 
 desolate state of the land is explained by the 
 phrase used by Isaiah : " There shall be a great 
 forsaking in the midst of the land." 
 
 If the theory we advocate be correct, then 
 there is a general opening of the prophetic 
 vision at the rise of the final kingdom. The 
 Lamb with the seven horns opens the seals which, 
 as is stated in Dan. viii. 26; xii. 4, 9, could not be 
 opened till the time of the end, or the expiration 
 of the prophetic periods. If this be so, then 
 the prophecies generally are more applicable to 
 these and succeeding times, than to those in which 
 they were written. 
 
 The glorious Psalms too, many of which are 
 allowed on all hands to be prophetic, contain 
 
140 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 very much that is more fully applicable to the 
 final Zion of God, than to the literal old type. 
 Take for example the 48th Psalm. Was this 
 exclusively, or even mainly, applicable to the 
 literal Jerusalem? Of this it was predicted that 
 it should be " ploughed as a field," and '' become 
 heaps." See Mich. iii. 12. Of the one in this 
 Paslm it is said, << God will cstabli.sh it for ever." 
 This is just what is stated as to the perpetuity 
 of the stone kingdom as the final Zion. 
 
 We invite attention to verses 3, 6. This pas- 
 sage was read on the 13th day of June last, and 
 the opinion was then expressed that it would be 
 fulfilled during the session of the Northern Con- 
 gress, to assemble on the fourth of the succeed- 
 ing month. How was it fulfilled, ^' For, lo, the 
 kings " (or rulers, or lawgivers, see Psa. ii. 2,) 
 " were assembled, they passed by together," or 
 went beyond the place of their assembling. 
 ^' They saw it, and so they marvelled," — they saw 
 something for which they were not prepared, 
 expecting victory but witnessing overwhelmning 
 defeat. '< They were troubled and hasted away. 
 Fear took hold upon them there'' — i. e., at the 
 place to which they went when they passed 
 by together — *'and pain as of a woman in travail " 
 — extreme terror and dread producing intense de- 
 
IN PROPHECY. 141 
 
 sire to hasten away. We believe this to be the 
 terrible route of Manassas Plains, which was the 
 more memorable as it included so many of the 
 rulers and chief men of the North. Thus, in 
 almost all the descriptions of that terrible scene, 
 you have the flight of these same Congressman 
 alluded to, together with their great anxiety 
 to hasten away. 
 
 " Thou breakest the ships of Tarshish'' (which 
 name may be appropriately used of any naval 
 power) "with an east wind/' This we believed 
 then, and believe now, to have reference to the 
 breaking of our blockade by a power or influence 
 from the east, as of England and France. When 
 this war shall have become history, we believe 
 that the two decisive points in it will be, the bat- 
 tle of Manassas Plains and the breaking of the 
 blockade. The great battle of the struggle has 
 been fought, and the other decisive event will 
 occur in due time. 
 
 "As we have heard, so have we seen in the city 
 of the Lord of hosts, in the city of our God.'' 
 Just as we have heard and read of God's deal- 
 ings with his ancient Zion, so have we seen in its 
 final antitype. Such are precisely the reflec- 
 tions and expressions of very many of our peo- 
 ple now. There arc comparatively few intclli- 
 
142 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 gent and thoughtful men ,in the Confederate 
 States, who do not acknowledge the hand of 
 God in the battles that have been fought, and 
 especially in that of Manassas Plains. And 
 when the blockade shall have been broken by a 
 ppwer from the east, and the war terminated, as 
 we believe it will be, without the sorrows of a 
 terrible political redemption, the impression as to 
 Divine interposition will be deeper and more all- 
 pervading. And whether we entertain any 
 special views as to the destiny of the new nation- 
 ality or not, we should, as a people, gratefully ac- 
 knowledge the hand of God and devote ourselves 
 to his service. "The Lord hath done great 
 things for us, whereof we are glad." 
 
 When this time of trouble shall result in the 
 downfall of overshadowing despotisms, and the 
 resurrection of oppressed States and nationalities, 
 we believe that the chaining of Satan as the 
 ruling power in human despotism, in connection 
 with the diminution of his power over mankind 
 generally, will occur when civil liberty and pure 
 Christianity will go abroad over the earth. Dur- 
 ing the whole millennial period of glorious 
 Christian triumph, the new nationality, as the 
 highest ideal of human government and as under 
 the control of the Saviour of the world, will stand 
 
IN PROPHECY. 143 
 
 central and preeminent among the nations of the 
 earth. The King with many crowns, or the 
 Saviour revealed in human civil government, 
 will rule the nations with a *'rod of iron," 
 which signifies, we believe, the commerce of the 
 world. He smites the nations with a sword, but 
 one that " proceeds out of his mouth" — the doc- 
 trine of the purest civil and religious liberty, 
 preached in his precepts and illustrated by his 
 example. 
 
 In illustration of these items, we have the 
 fact that the new nationality contains, or sur- 
 rounds the fountain-head of human commerce, 
 and that it possesses, as to outline, at least, the 
 highest ideal of human government. When the 
 thousand years of the peaceful millennial reign 
 shall be over, a short decisive conflict will ensue 
 — after which the personal resurrection and final 
 judgment. The earth will be renewed by fire: 
 there will be no more sea. Then the stone cut 
 of the mountain shall become a great mountain 
 and fill the whole earth. The confederate 
 '^ nations of them that are saved " shall dwell 
 on the renewed earth, under the direct reign of 
 God for ever. There shall be no more curse nor 
 *' death, nor sorrow, nor crying." There shall be 
 fullness of joy and pleasures for evermore. 
 
144 THE CONFEDERATE STATES 
 
 We solemnly believe that the great prophetic 
 periods have closed : the mystery is finished and 
 the vision of prophecy is unsealed. The final 
 kingdom has arisen, and the Divine Redeemer 
 has come to reign. " Cry out thou inhabitant of 
 Zion, for great is the Holy One in the midst of 
 thee.'' 
 
 THE END. .