DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2015 https://archive.org/details/ourlittlephilipp01wade Our Little Philippine Cousin The Little Cousin Series Each volume illustrated with six or more full-page plates in tint. Cloth, i2mo, with decorative cover, per volume, 60 cents. J* LIST OF TITLES By Mary Hazelton Wade (unless otherwise indicated). Our Little African Cousin Our Little Irish Cousin Our Little Armenian Cousin Our Little Italian Cousin Our Little Brown Cousin Our Little Japanese Cousin Our Little Canadian Cousin Our Little Jewish Cousin By Elizabeth R. Macdonald Our Little Korean Cousin Our Little Chinese Cousin B y H ' Lee M - Pike By Isaac Taylor Headland O ur Little Mexican Cousin Our Little Cuban Cousin Our Little Dutch Cousin By Blanche McManus Our Little English Cousin By Blanche McManus By Edward C. Butler Our Little Norwegian Cousin Our Little Panama Cousin By H. Lee M. Pike Our Little Philippine Cousin Our Little Porto Rican Cousin Our Little Eskimo Cousin Qur UMe Russi&n Cousin Our Little French Cousin Our Little Scotch By Blanche McManus By Blanche McManus Our Little German Cousin Our Little Siamese Cousin Our Little Hawaiian Cousin . Our Little Swiss Cousin Our Little Indian Cousin Our Little Turkish Cousin (In Preparation) Our Little Spanish Cousin Our Little Swedish Cousin & L. G PAGE & COMPANY New England Building, Boston, Mass. AL1LA I Our Little $ $ Philippine Cousin | * 4 ^ By ^ * Mary Hazelton Wade 4 * 4 ^ Illustrated by 4* L. J. Bridgman ^ ❖ 4 * * % 4 * 4 4^ Boston 4 ■¥ 4 ^ L. C. Page & Company ^ *^ Publishers 4 3? Copyright, igo2 By L. C. Page & Company (incorporated) All rights reserved Published, June, 1902 Sixth Impression, March, 1906 Colont'al Press Electrotyped and Printed by C H. Simonds & Co. Boston, Mass., U. S. A. WIS/ 1 Preface On the farther side of the great Pacific Ocean are the Philippine Islandsc These form one of the many island groups that hang like a fringe or festoon* on the skirt of the continent of Asia. Like most of the islands in the Pacific, the Philippines are inhabited by people belong- ing to the brown race, one of the great divisions of the family of mankind. The Philippines are shared by many tribes, all belonging to the same brown race. People of one tribe may be found on one of these islands ; those of a different tribe are living on another ; or one tribe may live in a val- ley and its neighbour in the hills ; and so on to the number of eighty tribes. Each tribe has its own customs and ways. And yet we 3857C9 vi Preface shall call these various peoples of the brown race our cousins ; for not only are they our kindred by the ties which unite all the races of men in this world ; they have been adopted into the family of our own nation, the United States of America. The people of these islands are many of them wild and distrustful children. They have no faith in us ; they do not wish to obey our laws. If we are in earnest in our wish to do them good, and not harm, we must learn to know them better, so that we may under- stand their needs. That is one reason why we are going to learn about our little Philip pine cousin, Alila of Luzon. Contents CHAPTER PAGE I. The New Baby 9 II. His First Party 15 III. The Christening 21 IV. The Building of the House ... 25 V. Four -Footed Friends .... 29 VI. The Buffalo Hunt ..... 33 VII. The Rich Man's Home 39 VIII. Tapping for Tuba . . . . .46 IX. Forest and Stream 51 X. A Swarm of Locusts . . . .57 XI. The New Home .63 XII. In the Forest 68 XIII. Crocodiles 73 XIV. Tonda's Story 77 XV. Strange Neighbours . . , . . 81 XVI. The Stout- Hearted Sailor ... 88 3857C9 List of Illustrations PAGE Alila ........ Frontispiece " HIS MOTHER HAD BATHED HIM EN THE WATER OF THE RIVER" 21 "SOMETIMES ALILA RIDES OX HIS BACK" . . 3 1 " HE WAS AS NIMBLE AS A SQUIRREL " . . -49 " SUCH A DIN AND COMMOTION YOU NEVER HEARD " 58 " 1 AROUND ONE PART OF THE CITY THERE IS A STRONG WALL ' " 78 Our Little Philippine Cousin CHAPTER I. THE NEW BABY. Alila is such a strong, active boy now, it is hard to imagine him in his babyhood, — he was such a tiny brown tot ! His nose was so flat one would hardly have noticed there was a nose at all, except for the wideness of the nostrils. His big black eyes seemed to be moving around all the time, as much as to say : " I must find out everything I can, and just as fast as I can, about this queer place in which I find myself." His hair was straight and coarse and black, even on the day he was born. It was quite 9 io Our Little Philippine Cousin warm (in fact, almost all the days are warm in the Philippines), yet the doorway was carefully covered and the windows closed tightly. Now, why do you suppose Alila found him- self shut up in a close room like that when he first entered this big round world of ours, while there was such a soft gentle breeze out- side as scarcely to move the tops of the cacao- trees in the garden ? The fact is, Alila's father, who is not afraid of the wild buffalo nor the boa-constrictor, nor even the huge cayman, is constantly dreading the evil that bad spirits may bring to him. And now he had a darling boy of his very own ! According to the beliefs of his people, no evil spirit must be allowed to enter a home when a child is born, or the little one might be troubled by the spirit for the rest of his life. So the loving parent walked back and forth over the roof waving a bolo in his hand, as much as to say: The New Baby 1 1 fC Look out, spirits, or you may get your throats cut. Keep away from here. Do not try to get inside to trouble my little one." He did this very earnestly in the first hour of Alila's life, although he was shown the foolishness of such ideas by the priests the Spaniards sent among his people. He is a small man, this father of Alila. He has high cheek-bones like the Chinese and Japanese, and no beard upon his face. When he felt that everything was really safe, he climbed down from the thatched roof, and, opening the door as little as possible, went softly up to the mat where the baby lay and kissed him. But, dear me ! not all persons kiss the way we do, and this father of the Malay race seemed rather to smell the baby than anything else we can think of. He placed his own nose and lips on the baby's cheek and drew a long breath. It was done to 12 Our Little Philippine Cousin show his love, and that is what any kiss is given for, is it not? This baby's bed would not, perhaps, suit all the other babies in the world. Some of those babies we know are cared for on cushions of down and wrapped in soft flannels and delicate muslins. But what did black-eyed Alila care for that ? To be sure, he lay on a mat of woven palm leaves, but it was sweet and fresh. And although the floor his eyes sometimes rested on was not covered with a rich velvet carpet, it was smooth and clean, for it was made of split bamboos flattened and fitted close together. And oh, that floor was beautifully polished by Mother Nature herself, for the bamboos as they grow are covered on the out- side with a coating of the finest and hardest varnish. If Alila could have thought about it at all, he would have considered himself more fortu- nate than most babies, — for did not his own The New Baby 13 dear mother, who lay at his side, make every bit of the spread which covered his tiny body ? She had taken the fibres of pineapple leaves and hemp and woven them together. But that alone would not make the spread beautiful enough for her dear one. It must be given a bright colour, so she searched through the woods till she found a sapan-wood tree ; then, breaking off some branches and opening them, she took a substance from the heart of each and made a crimson dye. So you can see that the cover was done en- tirely by Alila's mother ; and you can ask yourself if that wasn't a hundred times bet- ter than buying cloth out of a store. That would not have the touch of love in its making. There was something else in Alila's home one does not see in other lands. Whenever the baby's eyes turned toward the light, they found it very soft and restful, for it came 14 Our Little Philippine Cousin through a window in which were fitted the inner shells of a certain kind of oyster. It was so pretty ! The colours of the rain- bow shone there in pale tints, and the flaring sunshine could not enter. The room was kept in a sort of twilight all day long, and made it pleasant for the new-born baby and his mamma to doze and dream. CHAPTER II. HIS FIRST PARTY. Alila was not two hours old before friends began to arrive to see him. But they did not enter suddenly ! That would have been the height of rudeness. As they reached the doorway 3 each in turn stood for a long time on the outside, making many complimentary remarks to Alila's family. That was their way of showing themselves well-mannered and polite. The Tagals, for that is the name of this tribe of people, never do anything suddenly. They do not appear to believe in surprise parties. When all the fine speeches which seemed proper had been made, they entered the little 15 16 Our Little Philippine Cousin house and came to the side of the new baby. They made the young mother very proud by the praise they gave her tiny son. But she and her husband were not the only ones pleased. There was Alila's grandmother, who was always the most honoured one in the household ; there was also an aunt who made her home here as she was too poor to have one of her own ; and beside these, there was a lame old man, a friend of the family, who had come to them for shelter. The Tagals are so hospi- table they will never turn any one from their homes. As one visitor after another arrived, the little house became crowded. If it had not been for the high, dome-shaped roof, the air would have grown heavy and impure. As it was, Alila and his mother soon grew very tired and closed their eyes in sleep. " That is good," said the grandmother, " we must let her rest. We will go out under the His First Party 17 cacao-trees and talk, and I will bring some cocoa wine and betel to you there." This old woman was certainly not pretty, although good and thoughtful. As she stood talking to the visitors in low tones, one could see how short she was. Her coarse, black hair grew down upon her forehead almost to her eyebrows ; her wrinkled skin was dark brown ; her eyes were large and round and, like her baby grandchild's, ever turning in a new direction. She was dressed in a short skirt much like those of the other women of the party ; it was of three colours, — green, white, and bright red. Over this she wore a large piece of blue cotton cloth, cut in the shape of an oblong, tucked in at the waist and hanging over her skirt almost down to her knees. No shoes or stockings covered the bare legs or feet, but she did not seem to miss them. She was as straight as an arrow, even if she 1 8 Our Little Philippine Cousin were a grandmother. Perhaps it was because she had been used to carrying jars of water and baskets of fruit upon her head ever since she was a little child. She moved softly about the hut as she got the entertainment ready for the company. From one corner she drew forth a large bam- boo with a grass stopple in it. This held the wine the guests would sip so sparingly, for the Tagals are a sober people and seldom drink enough fermented liquor to hurt them. The old woman next got some cocoanut shells to- gether. These were the only drinking-cups the family ever used. But the betel which she now placed beside the other things, — what is that, you ask? It is not a food, and yet it often takes the place of food ; for a Tagal can work a long time without eating if he can chew all of this he wishes. It is prepared from the nut of the areca palm, one of the most beautiful trees in His First Party 19 the world. A palm of this kind grows right beside Alila's home, and, now that he is a big boy, he climbs the tall tree himself and brings down the nuts which grow at the top under the tuft of glossy green leaves. The nuts are cut into thin slices and wrapped in the leaves of a singular plant called buyo. But, before they can be used for this purpose, these leaves are coated with lime made from oyster shells and then folded up. Alila's grandmother prepared a quantity of betel before the new baby was born. Just as she was going out to offer refresh- ments, another visitor arrived. It was a friend who had come from a distance, but the mother and child must not be wakened. Oh, no ! that was not to be thought of. The souls of people leave their bodies and go away while they are sleeping, the old woman believes ; and if any one should arouse them suddenly, they might never return to their bodies. 20 Our Little Philippine Cousin So, of course, the visitor, who also had this belief, wouldn't have disturbed the sleepers for anything in the world. She quietly turned away and joined the other guests in the garden. HIS MOTHER HAD BATHED HIM IN THE WATER OF THE RIVER " CHAPTER III. THE CHRISTENING. Aula was christened soon after he was born. Dear me, what a time that was ! The festival lasted several days. There was a host of friends and acquaintances around the little home, making merry and admiring the baby. Alila himself was as clean and sweet as any child in the world could be. His mother had bathed him in the water of the river which flowed down the mountainside near them, while the leaves of the papaw-tree took the place of soap. The young mother herself was only fifteen years old. She was dressed in her brightest skirt and fairly shone with the abundance of cheap jewelry she wore. Her hair was combed 21 22 Our Little Philippine Cousin straight back from her forehead. She wore nothing on her feet excepting her queer slip- pers, of which she seemed very proud. She had herself embroidered them to look like a pair worn by the rich lady whose husband owned the plantation. They were perfectly flat and had only uppers enough to encase two or three toes. What queer, uncomfortable things to wear on one's feet ! Alila will never own such things because he is a boy, and he should be glad of it. His grandmother and aunt had a fine feast prepared for the visitors. There was a good supply of roasted buffalo and wild boar's meat. There was a salad made from the young green tops of the bamboo ; steamed rice and stewed iguana ; papaws, which tasted like melons ; tamarind sauce and guavas and bananas. And, of course, there was an abundance of betel, cocoa wine and tuba. The Christening 23 But strangest of all the dishes at the Tagal's feast 4 was one prepared from a kind of beetle. The guests relished it greatly and Alila's father was praised very much for surprising them with this dainty. But the feast was only a small part of the entertainment. A band came from the village to furnish music. Every instrument on which they played was made of bamboo. Then there was dancing and singing under the palm- trees by old and young, and when evening came there were displays of fireworks. As Alila's father was quite poor, how could he afford such splendour ? The fact is, it cost him nothing ! It was a free show given by Mother Nature. Her little children, the fire- flies, gathered in great numbers and danced in circles around the trees. Any one ought to be satisfied with fireworks like those. Alila's eyes watched the people eat with their fingers and looked at the lights dancing 24 Our Little Philippine Cousin about ; he listened to the odd, sweet music for a little while ; and then those black eyes closed tightly and he lay fast asleep in his young mother's arms. Of course, he doesn't remem- ber anything about it now, but his grand- mother has told him the story so many times it almost seems as though his own mind had kept the pictures for him. CHAPTER IV. THE BUILDING OF THE HOUSE. And now he is a big boy, ten years old, and can do so many things to help his parents. He has not always lived in the home where he was born. Last summer a whirlwind destroyed that one, but he helped his father build an- other just like the first, and he showed himself a very clever worker. He searched through the forest for bamboos of the right size ; he did his share in cutting them down and splitting them for the walls of the hut. When they were ready, he worked each morning in thatching the roof until it grew too warm. Then came dinner and a nap under the trees until the late afternoon, wh.tr? work began again. 2$ 26 Our Little Philippine Cousin In a few days a new home was ready and the terrible hurricane forgotten by the care- free, happy little boy. Can you guess what part of the hut took the largest share of Alila's time and attention ? It must have been the window-panes, for he was anxious to get the most beautiful mother- of-pearl he could find. He had to take a trip to the seashore ten miles away, and then he spent many hours finding such oyster shells as had a very delicate lining. " The two windows must be beauties," said the boy to himself, " for that will please my mother so much." No carpenter's shop nor store was visited during the whole time. It was not needful, for the forest near by stretched its arms to- ward the workers, as much as to say : " Come to me ; I will gladly give you everything you can possibly wish." " How about nails," you ask, " and stout The Building of the House 27 cord with which to fasten all the parts to- gether ? " Nails, and a bolt in the door? Why, what could be better than a stick of rattan, cut and whittled into shape ? Cord ? That was ob- tained very easily, too, from a bushrope-tree growing near Alila's home. It is so stout and strong it is not an easy thing to break it. When the house was finished, it looked like a great beehive. There was only one room, but what of that? If people are perfectly comfortable they can be as happy in a one- roomed hut as though they lived in a palace. Alila has so many good times you would almost envy him. In the first place, it takes him only a minute to dress in the morning. A pair of thin trousers and a shirt hanging down outside instead of being tucked in at the waist, and his toilet is made. When he goes out into the sunlight, he wears an odd-looking hat of rattan. It is 28 Our Little Philippine Cousin made in the shape of a cone, and shields his eyes nicely from the sunshine. He goes to no school, so he does not know how to write to his new American brothers, but that doesn't trouble him in the least. He always has enough to eat, and is satisfied with a dinner of rice and fish any day. Be- sides, there is always a bunch of bananas hang- ing inside the house, and he has sugar-cane in abundance. He is hardly ever punished and is allowed to do very much as he pleases. It is fortunate that he pleases to do right nearly all the time. He swims every day in the river; he fishes from his bamboo raft; he hunts in the forest with his father. His chief duty on the sugar plantation is to keep the monkeys out of the cane. It was not long ago that he shot two of the mischievous little fellows with his bow and arrow and hung the poor things on poles like scarecrows to frighten others away. CHAPTER V. FOUR-FOOTED FRIEXDS. Alila has a tame monkey at home now. He has taught him many clever tricks. Every night when he goes to bed., the monkey curls himself up by his side and lies there till morn- ing. He seems to love his little master very dearly and often rides on his shoulder while Alila is working. Until a few months ago, the boy has lived on a sugar plantation owned by a rich Tagal planter. The plantation is divided up into small farms and rented to different workmen. The planter furnishes one buffalo and ail the needed tools to care for each little place. When the harvest time arrives in December, each tenant carries his crop to the mill for 30 Our Little Philippine Cousin grinding. He is allowed one-third of it for himself, and, whatever price it brings, it must support his family for the next year. Alila is not the least afraid of his father's buffalo. When he was only three years old the huge creature would obey him and allow him to drive anywhere he pleased. He seemed to know by the tone of the boy's voice just what he wished him to do. It made an odd picture, — -the tiny little fel- low, holding a slender rein in his chubby hands as he trotted along by the buffalo's side. The rein was fastened to a piece of split rattan drawn through the animal's nose. Yet somehow every motion of Alila was understood by him. Is it the boy's patience that makes the beast so gentle ? We like to think so. If we should take Alila's place the animal would not stir to obey us. He would at once become stubborn and ugly, because he tc SOMETIMES ALILA RIDES ON HIS BACK " Four- Footed Friends 31 is not used to our quick, nervous, impatient ways. He cannot work all day like a horse. After two or three hours, he needs to stop and rest. But that is not enough, — he suffers if he can- not have a bath. Sometimes Alila rides on his back when he plunges into the river, and holds on without fear while the buffalo stretches his head down and holds it under the water for two minutes at a time as he searches for food. How Alila does love him ! He has the next place in his heart to his father and mother. But the buffalo has other good friends beside Alila's family. They are not people, nor even other buffaloes. They are white herons that follow him as he ploughs. They are not afraid if Alila is the only person there. As the animal's heavy feet plod over the ground, worms and insects come to the surface. The herons know this and easily get a good breakfast. 32 Our Little Philippine Cousin Besides these attendants, a small blackbird often keeps the buffalo company, who will raise up his head in delight to meet it. Why is it ? Because the bird flies about his head and neck and picks off the insects from his skin. This buffalo has lived on the farm from the time he was caught wild when a baby. If he had not been so young he could never have been tamed. A wild buffalo is a terrible thing ; he is most to be dreaded of any crea ture in the islands. CHAPTER VI. THE BUFFALO HUNT. Alila's father has been on several buffalo hunts, but never yet has he allowed his boy to go with him. He says it is far too dangerous ; the little boy must wait until he is older. But it is so hard to wait, Alila thinks, as he longs for the time to come and looks up at the pair of horns brought home from the last hunt. The horns are very long and curved and sharp. The boy often wonders if there is another animal in the world with such fearful horns. He says to himself : " Perhaps the very buffalo who owned this pair was the one that gored to death poor Olo." Alila stretched himself on the ground, 33 34 Our Little Philippine Cousin closed his eyes, and again pictured the story in his mind. This is the tale : In the village just below the plantation there lived a young man who was honest and brave but very poor. It happened that he ioved the daughter of a neighbour very dearly and she returned his love. But the youth had no money and no land, and at first the girl's father said : " No, you cannot have my daughter, for you can give her no wedding portion. It is the custom among these people for the lover to give his bride as fine a present as her parents think suitable. The young man felt very sad, when an idea entered his mind that gave him hope. He said to the father : fC Can I not come to your farm and serve you for two years ? And if I then show my- self faithful in all my duties, will you give me your daughter ? " The father consented. It was a very com- The Buffalo Hunt 35 mon thing for such service to be given, and he felt satisfied. The two years passed by. The young man had worked day after day at the hardest labour. He had never spoken a cross word nor found the slightest fault. But now that his service was over and the day set for his marriage, he wished to show the father of the lovely girl how brave he was, and he wanted to make his bride some little present, too. He heard that a party of men, one of whom was Alila's father, were going on a buffalo hunt. He would join them. It was to be his first venture of this kind, but he had no fear. The party was made up of six men on horse- back, two tame buffaloes, and a pack of im- mense dogs used to hunting. The men were armed with knives and spears and each one carried a lasso. They started in the early morning and rode out over the plains till they came to the edge 36 Our Little Philippine Cousin of a large forest. There they waited at some little distance from an opening through the trees while the dogs were sent into the forest to rouse the prey. They had only a short time to wait before the barking of the dogs was heard. They took their places some distance from each other and listened breathless. The young lover was to be given the first chance in this combat. A bull-fight is fearful enough, but it cannot compare with the struggle between a maddened buffalo and his pursuer. Hark ! There is a crashing of trees, a falling of branches. The ground shakes and out from the darkness of the forest plunges a huge buffaro. He raises a storm of dust as he comes onward. He is shining black, and as he tosses his head one can see the wicked horns, capable of doing such terrible injury. For an instant he pauses and looks at the The Buffalo Hunt 37 men standing ready to capture him ; then he rushes toward the young man, who now has the chance he begged for. With lasso in hand he urges his horse toward the buffalo. It is over in a moment's time. He has hurled his lasso but has failed ; and before he can move out of danger the furious animal has thrown him from his horse and ended his life. But the other hunters cannot stop a second. They^ too, will lose their lives if they are not careful and quick. One after another gallops after the enraged animal and throws his lasso. There are several failures, but each time the men manage to escape. At last two are suc- cessful, and the monster, hardly able to breathe, stands quiet and still. He is conquered. And now other lassos are drawn tightly around that magnificent head and the animal is tied to the stout trunk of a tree. The danger is over for these others, but the poor youth who longed so greatly to sue- 38 Our Little Philippine Cousin ceed lies dead not far away. He will never see his dear one again. The men lift his body tenderly and carry it to the place where the tame buffaloes have been left. They place it on the back of one of them. Then they return to their prey and fasten a rattan ring through his nose. With one of the tame buffaloes on each side of him, he can now be easily led to the village, where they will kill him. All the people came out to meet the hunters, and, when they heard the sad news, all hearts were filled with pity for the young bride. CHAPTER VII. THE RICH MAX'S HOME. One day as the boy lay dreaming of the time when he should be allowed to risk his life in a buffalo hunt, his quick ear heard the steps of some one coming down the road. He jumped up and saw an old friend of his father's, a well-known hunter. He carried a basket in each hand and would not have stopped if Alila had not called out : " Where have you been the last few days ? And where are you going ? Father will be home soon and he will wish to see you." cc I am on my way to the master's house to sell these bird's nests and I will stop here on my way back. I expect a good price for them. He told me he would pay me well Ah^ but it 39 40 Our Little Philippine Cousin was hard work getting them, my little fellow ! You never could have done it in the world.'* Alila looked at the hunter with envy, for he knew how dangerous his work had been. Among many people in the East, no food is thought so great a dainty as these edible birds' nests. What queer tastes they have ! At least it seems so to us. There is a certain kind of bird that makes its nest high up on the sides of steep cliffs jut- ting out over the waters of the ocean. These nests are like no others. The birds that build them swallow a certain kind of glutinous weed growing on the coral rocks. They then cough it up and use this material they have so oddly prepared in making their nests. Whenever a man makes it his business to search for these nests, he knows the danger full well. Slowly and painfully he must climb the sides of the cliffs, often placing his feet where we should think there was no foothold what- The Rich Man's Home 41 ever. He clutches at a sharp point of rock here, or a twig there ; but if it is not as safe as he believed, woe unto him ! For down he falls into the raging waters below and is a lucky man if he is not dashed to pieces on the sharp rocks. Again, he may grow faint and dizzy when he has climbed only a part of the way, or he may lose his hold from very weakness. The Chinese are as fond of these edible birds' nests as are the Filipinos. Perhaps you have heard of the great Chinese viceroy, Li Hung Chang, who came to visit us several years ago. He brought his own cooks and a large supply of birds' nests and sharks' fins. Alila joined the hunter on his way to the planter's mansion. The boy wished to have a chance to see the grand lady, the planter's wife, and their little daughter, who plays so beautifully on the harp. They soon reached the house, which seemed very large beside Alila's little cabin. It was 42 Our Little Philippine Cousin two stories high. The lower part was of stone and the upper half of wood. It would not have been safe to use stone above the lower floor on account of the frequent earthquakes. The roof was thatched with cogon grass. When it was built the planter said to himself : " I will not have an iron roof like many of the city houses ; it would be too hot. I like the grass thatching much better." Beautiful gardens where roses were always in bloom surrounded the house. Bright-col- oured birds flew about among the bushes, but they had no songs for Alila and the hunter as they passed along. The broad veranda was shaded by a clump of tall banana-trees, sway- ing to and fro in the gentle breeze. How noble they looked, with their tufts of glossy leaves at the very top, lapping over each other and shutting out the sun's hot rays ! As Alila glanced up to see if the fruit was ripening the hunter said : The Rich Man's Home 43 cc Did you ever hear the stories told of the banana ? Some say it is the very fruit that tempted Eve in the Garden of Eden,, while others think that she and Adam made their first clothing of banana leaves. ,, " I wonder if that can be so/' said the little boy, thoughtfully. " Any way, I'm glad there is fresh fruit every month in the year ; I like bananas so much." They reached the house as he finished speak- ing. The planter and his wife w 7 ere sitting alone on the veranda. Alila was disappointed in not seeing their little daughter. While the hunter was attending to his busi- ness with the planter, the boy's bright eyes noted the lady's dress. cc I must tell mother all about it," he said to himself. cc She will want to know. My, what a long train she wears ! It is so thin and delicate I think it must be woven of pineapple fibre. What beautiful bright colours it has ! 44 Our Little Philippine Cousin " And how stiff her kerchief is ! It stands up so high at the back of her neck I should think it would feel very uncomfortable. Her chemisette is very pretty, my mother would think. What wide sleeves ! Still they are short, so she can keep cool." But the jewels ! Alila had never seen so many before. The lady fairly sparkled, with her gold earrings and bracelets, set with pre- cious stones. Surely there was going to be a party at the big house, or she would not be dressed so finely. Just as the boy was thinking this, the plant- er's wife turned her head toward him and spoke. " Alila, is it not time to tap the cocoanut- trees ? Tell your father I want some tuba as soon as possible. You are now such a big boy, I suppose you will be able to help him get it." The little fellow made a low bow and an- swered that his father had spoken about it that The Rich Man's Home 45 very morning and had promised that he should help him. Perhaps you remember that when Alila was christened there was a good supply of tuba at the feast. Did you wonder what it could be ? On the sugar farm there is a clump of cocoa- nut-trees on which no fruit ever grows. Why is this ? Because all the sap which would be used by Mother Nature in making blossoms and changing these into cocoanuts is used for another purpose. It is drawn from the tree at a certain time of the year to make a drink much loved by the natives. Tapping the trees for tuba is dangerous work; but Alila, you know, loves danger. He went home from the planter's mansion very happy, for now he should have an errand there every day during the next few weeks. For must he not bring the family a fresh bamboo of tuba each night and morning? CHAPTER VIII. TAPPING FOR TUBA. Alila was wide awake before sunrise of the next day. He did not lie on his mat lazily watching to see if a lizard or newt should creep out of a corner, as he often did on other morn- ings. It was only the day before that he pulled a newt by its tail just to see if the tail would really come off in his hand. It did, for a fact ! and away Mr. Newt scuttled without any tail. Wasn't it a little cruel and ungrateful in Alila, when he knew how much the newts as well as the lizards do to let him sleep com- fortably ? They destroy ants and spiders and other creeping things, so that Alila's mother never kills them nor drives them away. Neither did Alila stop to play with his pet 4 6 Tapping for Tuba 47 cat this morning — such an odd cat, too, with a queer little twist in her tail like that of a pug dog. Alila was dressed before his father waked. While waiting, he went out into the yard to sharpen his knife. But he had no whet- stone. There are more ways than one of doing things, we have already discovered. The boy took a piece of wood and covered it with a paste made of ashes and oil. Then he rubbed the blade of his knife back and forth over this till the edge was sharp enough to split a hair with ease. Next he got together some vessels of bam- boo and two long bamboo rods. He was just a little bit nervous, although it was not in his nature to be easily excited. He said to himself : " Oh, dear, I hope I shall not have to wait much longer." At this very moment he looked up and 48 Our Little Philippine Cousin there was his kind, quiet father standing in the doorway. " All ready ! " And the two started for the cocoanut grove not far away. As soon as they reached the place, Alila took out his sharp knife. Work began at once, for notches must be cut in the tree, one above another, in which to place his toes. As one notch was made, the boy drew himself high enough to get a foothold in it ; then, reaching up, he cut the next one and drew himself up to that, and so on until he had reached the top, fully sixty feet above the ground. A cocoanut-tree, as you probably remember, has no branches whatever to give any help to a person in climbing. And now Alila came down again. He did it so easily and gracefully, it was a pleasure to watch him. As soon as he was within reach, his father handed him vessels of bam- boo, which the boy fastened to his waist and " HE WAS AS NIMBLE AS A SQUIRREL " Tapping for Tuba 49 again climbed the tree. One might almost say he was as nimble as a squirrel, yet that does not express the long, graceful movements of his body as he rose far from the ground. When he was once more at the top of the tree, he made deep cuts in the trunk directly under the great tuft of leaves, and hung his bamboo vessels so the sap could flow into them. Now for the same work in the next tree. Do you think he must go down to the ground again and go through all the work he had in climbing the first tree ? Not at all. His father reached up to him two long bamboo rods. He took the first one and stretched it across to the next tree. This would serve as a bridge over which he could walk. The second one was placed above the first and would make a good hand-rail. Alila did not think of the danger of a walk in mid-air on such a slender support. His 50 Our Little Philippine Cousin head was cool, his feet were firm, his body light, and he passed from one tree to another in perfect safety. He was happy as a king to be trusted by his father to take such a risk. Think of a fall from a height like that ! Suppose for one instant that the bamboo should give way under the boy's feet or failed to hold in the tree-top ! That would have ended our little Alila's life in a moment, or at least made aim a cripple for the rest of his days. The fact is, however, that the boy had no accident, and every day afterward, as long as the sap continued to flow, he went out to the cocoanut grove, collected the tuba, and carried a good supply of it to the planter's mansion. CHAPTER IX. FOREST AND STREAM. There is another cocoanut grove on the farm, beside the one where Alila gets the tuba. The fruit is allowed to ripen on these trees, and it is the boy's duty to gather it. There is a new growth of cocoanuts three times a year. Alila does not need to climb the trees for them unless he wishes. He usually fastens a sickle-shaped knife to the end of a long pole. In this way he can reach up to the tops of the tallest trees and cut off the cocoanuts ; when thud ! thud ! down they fall to the ground, safe and sound. For the delicious pulp is not only shut up in the hard shell that we know, but this also is enclosed in a still larger and thicker covering. 5 1 52 Our Little Philippine Cousin How could the natives of tropic lands get along without this valuable tree ? It has so many uses it would take a long time even to mention them all. Its roots are good to cure Alila when he is seized by an attack of fever during the wet season. His mother believes that his life has been spared through the use of this medicine. Alila's father made his canoe from the trunk of a cocoanut-tree ; while much of the furni- ture in his employer's mansion has been carved from its beautiful wood. The boy's mother uses a comb made from the stalks of cocoa- nut leaves. The husks which enclose the fruit are made into coir, out of which are made ropes, brooms, brushes, and even bed- ding. When Alila was only five or six years old he learned to weave baskets and mats from the leaves, and he knows how to thatch a roof with them very neatly. Forest and Stream 53 What is so delicious on a hot day as a drink of fresh cocoanut milk ! It is never hurtful and quenches the thirst as well as the coldest water. The oil obtained from the nuts is used by Alila's mother in her cooking. But she also needs it for another purpose. She is always in fear of an earthquake, and feels safer to have a light burning in readiness all night long. She keeps in the cabin a small vessel half-full of water. Cocoanut oil is poured on the water and a wick made of a cer- tain kind of pith called tinsin hangs down in the middle of this odd lamp. The Chinese taught the Tagals the value of tinsin. There is scarcely to be found a native hut where it is not used for lamp wicks. But you must be tired of hearing about cocoanuts and their uses, so we will return to Alila and his strange adventures. One day not long ago his mother said to him : u My child, I should like some fish for 54 Our Little Philippine Cousin dinner. Will you go to the river and get some ? " Alila has great success in fishing. He started off at once on his errand. He did not stop to get hook and line, as you would have done ; he knew another way to fish, different from any we have in our country. When he got to the river he walked along by its side till he found a place where the water ran very deep. Then he took off his clothing, and lay quietly down on the bank. His eyes were wide open and watchful, though his body was so still. He soon saw some fish rise near the surface of the water. Quick as a flash he jumped in and dived down, down under where the fish were darting. Rising as suddenly as he had dived, he came to the surface with a fish in each hand. He is such a nimble little fellow that he did this several times, and hardly ever failed. It was not long before he had a fine string of Forest and Stream 55 fish to carry home. As he walked back, he stopped to gather some green bamboos of medium size, for he knew they would be needed in cooking the dinner. While his mother was cleaning the fish, Alila made a fire and cut the bamboos at every joint. They were changed at once into baking pans, each one large enough to slip a fish inside, together with a little water and some spices. The ends were stopped up, and the bamboos laid in the fire. As soon as they began to burn, it was a sign that the fish inside were cooked enough. What a good dinner it was ! You would have thought so if you could have tasted the rice steamed in the same way as the delicate fish and served on plantain leaves. Alila has still another way of fishing which is not as hard work as diving, though, after all, it is not much fun. He carries a bamboo basket in which he has put a mixture contain- 56 Our Little Philippine Cousin ing a curious kind of poison. He sets it float- ing on the water. When the fish come near it the poison makes them stupid, and they rise and float motionless on the surface, as though they were dead. Then it is an easy matter for Alila to get them. CHAPTER X. A SWARM OF LOCUSTS. The little brown boy has lived, as you know, on a sugar plantation, where the cane ripens only once a year. You also remember that last summer a hurricane destroyed the boy's home, and a new one had to be built. The sugar crop barely escaped ruin, when, alas ! another danger came to it, more fearful even than the great wind. It was a storm of locusts, Alila was working in the cane-fields with his loved buffalo one morning, when, looking up suddenly, he saw something which frightened him. It was a long distance away, far as his eyes could see, and it appeared like a dark cloud near the earth. 57 58 Our Little Philippine Cousin The boy was frightened, as I have said, but it was not for himself. It was on account of the danger threatening the plantation ; he knew very well that what seemed like a cloud was composed of millions and millions of locusts. Unless something were done at once, all the sugar-cane would be ruined. For, if that army of insects, perfectly harmless to animals, should settle down upon the canes, the leaves would be entirely eaten in a few hours. Alila ran as fast as his legs could carry him from one part of the plantation to another, and gave the alarm to the working people as he passed along. It was wonderful how quickly men, women, and children armed themselves to meet the coming enemy. All the bamboo clappers, cocoanut shells, tin pans, and red flags that could be found were seized and put into use. Then such a din and commotion you never A Swarm of Locusts 59 heard nor saw, even on the glorious Fourth of July. Locusts are very sensitive to noise, so between the beating of drums and clappers, the waving of the red flags, and the smoke from fires of wet wood at the sides of the fields, the greater part of the army passed on. The people breathed again, since the danger was over for the present. When it was all over Alila was not too tired to play for awhile with a few locusts he had caught in a net. Their bodies looked like those of large grasshoppers, except that they were of a brownish colour. They would not sting or bite, and the boy kept his new pets as long as they lived. That was only a few days, however, as a locust has a very short life. It is said that food passes through its body as fast as it is eaten, so it is not nourished, and soon dies for this reason. It also has an enemy, a small worm that forms in its body and gradually eats it up. 60 Our Little Philippine Cousin The mother locust has a queer way of mak- ing a nest for her eggs. She extends the end of her body till it is like an auger, and with this she bores a deep hole in the earth. She chooses spots near fields of ripening rice or sugar cane, so the young locusts, as they hatch out, will be near a good supply of food ; for at first they have no wings and cannot go in search of it. After the visit of the locusts, Alila went carefully around the edges of the fields with the other workmen. They wished to see if any signs of young locusts could be found. But they found none and felt that the crops were free from danger for this year, at least. But Alila's father said to himself : cc How many risks there are in working on a sugar plantation ! I have been here now many years. I never know whether the crop will be a failure or not. I believe I will go somewhere else. Up on the side of the moun- A Swarm of Locusts 61 tain, not far from here, is a large hemp planta- tion ; I will seek work there. Besides, there is fine hunting near by and Alila can see new sights." When he told his family, they were all pleased, for Tagals dearly love a change and often move from place to place merely for the sake of change. Alila was the most delighted of all. He said : " Now, father, I can hunt with you and go bat shooting in the deep forests. You know I can sell their beautiful soft skins to travel- ers. Alila's grandmother and mother were pleased, too. They liked the idea because the hemp is gathered throughout the year and can be sold from time to time, whenever there is need of money. But when the women thought of the bands of brigands who hide in the mountain passes, they began to fear. Many were the stories they had heard of 62 Our Little Philippine Cousin these robbers and their sudden attacks in the night-time on people in lonely houses. " You need not worry/' said Alila's father, " for these wild robbers seldom harm poor people ; and they never kill unless they are obliged to do so. I believe they are not as terrible as they are often described." CHAPTER XL THE NEW HOME. So it came to pass that Alila went to a new home. It was not hard work to get ready, for there was little to move. The old buffalo that had grown up with his young master was able to carry on his broad back everything owned by the entire family. He could easily have taken more, too ! The women rode on ponies and the men walked beside the buffalo. No one seemed to feel sad, although it had been an easy, happy life on the little farm and the sugar planter had always been kind. Their fellow workmen were Tagals like themselves ; they would find many Chinese labourers on the hemp plantation, at least they 63 64 Our Little Philippine Cousin had been told so. But they did not care for that. There are many Chinamen in the Philippines, and they agree very well with their Tagal neighbours and the people of the many other tribes. Alila has a cousin married to a Chinese merchant in Manila and some time he is going to visit her. As they journeyed onward they passed a party of Americans. Alila's mother called : " Come nearer to me, my child. Stay by my side." She had a fear of white faces of which she could not rid herself. The Spaniards had been cruel to her people, she well knew, And now that these others from far-away lands had taken the power from the Spaniards, she felt that they, too, would be hard and unkind. Poor ignorant mother ! She did not under- stand that it meant such different things, — schools for all children instead of a very few ; The New Home 65 work for any one who desired it ; better care for the sick in the cities ; fewer taxes for all. Yes, all these and many other good things would be done by the Americans to make Alila and Alila' s children live more wisely and therefore more happily. When the sun was setting that night, the hemp plantation could be plainly seen. It was a beautiful sight, those rows of small trees with their large, glossy leaves, shut in by woods of a larger growth. The plant from which is made what is called Manila hemp belongs to the same family as the banana and the plantain. The leaves all of them look so much alike it would be hard for us to tell the difference. It did not take many days to get settled. The neighbours were very kind and gave the family shelter and food until Alila and his father had finished building a cabin. This time they made the roof as well as the sides of 66 Our Little Philippine Cousin the hut of split bamboo, and the boy's mother and grandmother helped in preparing it. Alila had never before seen hemp gathered, and he had much to learn. He was soon very quick in separating the fibres from the pulp and spreading them out to dry before packing. The boy sometimes wonders what journeys the bales of hemp will take To what coun- tries will they sail ? To what uses will they be put ? His father has told him that nothing else in his island home is shipped in such quantities as Manila hemp. It makes stout cordage and sail-cloth ; it is woven into mats, carpets, and hammocks ; while the finest hemp is made into delicate dress goods for the rich ladies of the island. Yes, people all over the world have heard of Manila hemp, and when he is older, Alila says he will bear it company and seek strange sights across the oceans. He had lived in his new home but a short The New Home 67 time when he had an exciting adventure. Not far from the farm there is a dense forest. One night Alila's father said to his friends ; " Let us go on a hunt for wild boars. There must be plenty of boars and deer, too 5 in those woods." The other men were ready for a little sport. They had been hunting in the forest many times before, and knew the best course to take. " May I go with you, too : " whispered Alila, who was listening at his father's side. When all agreed that it would make no trouble to allow the boy to go with them, since he was brave and strong, he was greatly pleased. They would be gone several days. What new, strange creatures should he see r What dangers should he meet ? CHAPTER XII. IN THE FOREST. The party started out early the next morn- ing. They carried very little food with them ; it would only be in their way when hunting, and they trusted Mother Nature would supply what they needed as they went along. Two of the men had guns ; the others carried bows and arrows. Every one was also supplied with a sharp spear and knife. The first day was very quiet. Nothing was shot but a few birds and bats. When night came they found themselves far from any stream ; all were thirsty and there was no water. What should they do ? Ah ! in plain sight was a liana. It is called the "travellers' 68 In the Forest 69 drink M because any one, on breaking off a stalk, can obtain a cool draught. How refresh- ing it was ! A fire was quickly made and the birds cooked for supper. They all lay down to sleep. But, alas ! that was not an easv thing to get. They had no sooner stretched them- selves by the fire than they were attacked. Bv wild animals, you think at once. By no means. It was a small enemy, fierce for their blood, which darted out from the grass and fastened upon their bodies. Multitudes of leeches have their home in the mountain forests of the Philippines, and everv native who travels there is armed with a small rattan knife to cut them off as they seize upon him. Alila's party knew that sleep was out of the question for this night. As fast as our little brown brother was able to cut off one of the bloodthirsty creatures, another took its place, 70 Our Little Philippine Cousin till at last the daylight came and the hunters could go on their way. But what a wretched sight they were ! Blood streamed from their arms and legs, and they looked like the wounded survivors of a terrible battle. When they came to a spring of water, they were glad enough to have a chance to bathe. Alila can tell you that was the worst night he ever passed in his life, yet he hardly spoke a word of complaint through the long hours, and in the morning laughed gaily with his friends when they gazed at each other's sorry- looking faces. Small creatures can make themselves as troublesome as big ones. Perhaps you have already found this out when mosquitoes have found their way to your bedside and waked you in the middle of the night. After a hasty breakfast, the hunters were ready for a tramp, and they soon found the In the Forest 71 tracks of wild boars. It was not long till they had killed three of them with little trouble. They were about to make a fire and roast some of the flesh for dinner, when a pitiful cry was heard. How it rang out through the forest ! It sounded almost human. What could it be P Alila's father jumped up and crept through the woods in the direction of the sound. His boy followed close at his heels. They had gone but a short distance when a strange sight met their eyes. High up on the branch of a tree lay a huge boa-constrictor. He must have been a hundred years old, he was so large. His eyes were fastened upon a poor little deer in the coil of his tail, which he had stretched down to trap his prey as it walked along. Ah ! the deer's eyes close and the piteous cry stops as he is clasped more and more tightly in the clutch of the boa. And now the serpent raises him from the ground, 72 Our Little Philippine Cousin and swings him against the trunk of the tree ; he is thrown with such force he is instantly- killed. But what were Alila and his father doing all this time? They were too late to save the deer, but the boa did not escape. As he was about to descend the tree to feed upon his victim, his wicked eyes saw the hunters for the first time. Out darted his forked tongue in anger, just as two arrows entered his body and ended his life. The rest of the party came up at this moment and helped cut away the skin of the boa. It would be useful for making dagger sheaths. Now indeed they would have a grand feast, for they could add the flesh of the deer and boa to what they had already obtained. CHAPTER XIII. CROCODILES. When dinner was over, they began to look around their stopping-place. They found they were close to a deep river. Should they swim across it, or turn homeward ? " You must not try to cross without a boat," said one of the men to Alila's father. cc Croco- diles make their home in these waters. It is possible we may not see any from this shore, but at the same time, if you should try to swim to the other side, you might be attacked suddenly, and be unable to escape. I know one poor fellow who lost his life in this very place. " Still, if you wish for more sport, I will tell 73 74 O ur Little Philippine Cousin you what to do. Let us all watch on the shore here for signs of crocodiles. We are in no hurry. Have your guns and arrows ready to help if one of the creatures should appear. I will dive into the river and attack him with my spear." It was a daring thing to think of. As every one knew, there is only one place in the ani- mal's body that can be pierced. That is directly under the fore legs. Even bullets will fly off from any other part of the scaly covering as though they had struck against a stone wall. If the hunter venture to come close to such a monster, and his dagger fail to pierce the vital spot, there is no help for him. The great jaws will close upon him instantly, and he will never be seen again. But the quiet Tagals seem to love danger, and no one tried to discourage the hunter. They walked quietly along the river's side for Crocodiles 75 two hours, at least ; they were about to turn when Alila cried: " There he is, close to the bamboo thicket on the shore." As they looked toward the spot, the fearful head and jaws of a crocodile could be seen reaching up out of the water. Ready ! Down dived the hunter, spear in hand. The attack was sudden and successful. The spear reached the one place it could enter, and stuck fast. The diver did not stop a mo- ment longer, but swam back to the shore to his waiting friends. The surface of the river was instantly streaked with blood as the croco- dile plunged through the water in his death agony. The men waited till the great body of the monster became still and quiet. Then with the aid of rattan nooses they drew it up on the shore, and with their sharp knives proceeded to strip away the skin. 76 Our Little Philippine Cousin