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STATUE OF WIEHITR FJSK SANDERS 
 
A HISTORY 
 
 'I 
 
 OF 
 
 MONTANA 
 
 BY 
 
 HELEN FITZGERALD SANDERS 
 
 VOLUME II 
 
 ILLUSTRATED 
 
 THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 
 
 (Not Incorporated) 
 
 CHICAGO AND NEW'YORK 
 
 oo 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Wilbur Fisk Sanders. (By Judge Henry N. 
 Blake.) It is fitting that a review of the services of 
 Wilbur Fisk Sanders, a pioneer and builder of Mon- 
 tana, should appear upon the pages of this volume. 
 The important task of the writer is difficult, not from a 
 lack of material, but from an abundance, and injustice 
 may be done to the subject by errors of omission. _ 
 
 Mr. Sanders was a son of Ira Sanders, a native of 
 Rhode Island, and Freedom (Edgerton) Sanders, a 
 daughter of Connecticut. He was born May 2, 1834, 
 in Leon, Cattaraugus county. New York. His father 
 was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and 
 the infant was named Wilbur Fisk, as a devout tribute 
 of esteem to a renowned champion of the faith in New 
 England. He attended the Sunday School and through 
 his religous training and marvelous memory his mind 
 retained manifold te.xts and hymns, and few clergymen 
 and no layman could quote more. He was a diligent 
 pupil in the public schools and was a teacher before 
 he attained the age of twenty years. 
 
 Mr. Sanders removed in 1854 to Akron, Ohio, the 
 residence of his uncle, Hon. Sidney Edgerton. He 
 continued his labor as an instructor of youth and 
 studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1856, and 
 was a partner of Mr. Edgerton in the practice of his 
 profession. 
 
 He was married October 27, 1858, to Miss Harriet 
 P. Fenn of Tallm.adge, Ohio, a daugnter of Joseph 
 Fenn and Nancy (Carruthers) Fenn. 
 
 Mr. Edgerton was elected a representative in Con- 
 gress in 1858 and re-elected in i860. While he was 
 absent in Washington during his first term Mr. San- 
 ders acquired a valuable experience in transacting the 
 business of the firm. The bombardment of Fort 
 Sumter resounded throughout the land in April, 1861, 
 and the law office was closed in the tumult of arms. 
 Mr. Sanders was among the first who obeyed the 
 patriotic appeal for men to defend and preserve the 
 American Union. His zeal and energy were successful 
 in recruiting and organizing a battery of artillery and 
 a company of infantry. He received a commission as 
 lieutenant in the battery, but was transferred in Octo- 
 ber, 1861, to the Sixty-Fourth Regiment, Ohio Volun- 
 teers, infantry, commanded by Colonel James W. For- 
 syth, by whom he was appointed adjutant. He partici- 
 pated in the battle of Pittsburg Landing and other 
 engagements and afterwards, when Colonel Forsyth was 
 commanding a brigade, acted as assistant adjutant-gen- 
 eral and assisted in the construction of works for the 
 protection of railroads south of Nashville. He was 
 compelled by physical disability to resign his com- 
 mission August 10, 1862, and with an honorable dis- 
 charge returned with reluctance to his home in Akron. 
 
 The career of many persons is often changed by the 
 occurrence of events over which they e.xercise no con- 
 trol, and thus was the destinv of Mr. Sanders deter- 
 voi. n— 1 
 
 851 
 
 mined. Mr. Edgerton occupied a conspicuous rank in 
 Congress and was appointed by President Lincoln 
 chief justice of the supreme court of Idaho, when 
 this territory was organized. The governor of Idaho 
 was clothed with the power of defining the judicial 
 districts and assigning the judges to them. It may be 
 observed in a general way that the part of Montana 
 east of the main ridge of the Rocky mountains was 
 embraced within the boundaries of Idaho and com- 
 prised the third district. Governor Wallace assigned 
 the chief justice to this district, which was undesirable. 
 
 The urgent invitation of Mr. Edgerion to “go West” 
 was accepted by Mr. Sanders, and the long journey 
 from Akron to Idaho was commenced June i, 1^3. In 
 the party were Mr. Edgerton and wife and four chil- 
 dren, and Miss Darling, a niece, and Mr. Henry Tilden, 
 a nephew of IMr. Edgerton, Mr. Sanders and wife and 
 two children. Miss Gear, now Mrs. Henry C. Harrison 
 of Harrison. Montana, and ^Messrs. Gridley, Booth and 
 Chipman. They proceeded by rail to St. Joseph, Mis- 
 souri, and thence by boat to Omaha, Nebraska, where 
 they “outfitted,” a term rarely used in these days. 
 They started for the unknown country and within a 
 brief period were beyond the frontier of that year 
 and pursued slowly a tedious course with six cows and 
 four wagons, drawn by oxen. When we look at the 
 modern map on which has been marked a network of 
 railroads, it is hard to believe that the other route was 
 upon the water via the Gulf of Mexico, the Isthmus of 
 Panama, the Pacific ocean and the Columbia river. 
 
 The Indians were upon the warpath and the trip was 
 never free from danger and hardship. One of the 
 teams was seized by them, but recaptured immediately, 
 and Mr. Sanders forcibly took the whip from the savage 
 driver. Deep rivers were forded and high mountains 
 were crossed in following the perilous roadway via 
 the South pass and Snake river. On the one hundred 
 and tenth day, September 18. 1863, the weary home- 
 seekers arrived at the mining camp of Bannack,- on 
 Grasshopper creek. Lewiston, the capital of Idaho, 
 was the objective point, and Mrs. Plassman, in a sketch 
 of her father, says: “News of the recent gold discov- 
 
 eries at Bannack, together with the fact that the season 
 was somewhat advanced, brought about the decision 
 to go north from Snake river.” Vol. 3, Contributions 
 to Historical Society, p. 336. 
 
 Little was known of the mountain ranges west of 
 Bannack, and Mr. Edgerton intended, after the enjoy- 
 ment of a short rest, to travel to Lewiston, hundreds 
 of miles away, but the fates decided against his pur- 
 pose. This was a fortunate epoch in the history of 
 Montana and life of -Mr. Sanders. 
 
 The abnormal conditions prevailing in this vast 
 domain must be noticed. The first legislative assembly 
 of Idaho convened December 7, 1863, and adjourned 
 February 4, 1864, and the statutes were not published 
 
 
852 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 until 1865. Theorists have dreamed of a happy country 
 blessed without the reign of law, but this is the only 
 segment of the globe where the experiment was wit- 
 nessed. There were no national or territorial courts 
 for the trial of controversies or persons accused of 
 crime. There were no officers who possessed the legal 
 authority to do any act, and Air. Edgerton did not find 
 any one before whom he could take his official oath 
 as chief justice. The people as a whole were citizens 
 of the republic, who had lived in the states where their 
 rights were protected, and met the remarkable exigen- 
 cies of the times with practical remedies. Voluntary 
 organizations sometimes inflicted punishment for 
 offenses after a speedy trial of the criminal, and doubt- 
 less substantial justice was done. The miner's court 
 was a tribunal, presided over by a judge, so-called, 
 who had been elected by the residents of a mining 
 district, and the juries varied in number. An appeal 
 could be taken to a meeting, from which none were 
 excluded, that was usually held on Sunday, and its 
 verdict was conclusive. The proceedings were based 
 on the free consent of the governed and the judgments 
 were executed by persons who assumed all the func- 
 tions of a rightful official. Lawyers were permitted 
 under some restrictions to appear for parties whose 
 interests were to be adjusted in this irregular mode, 
 and Mr. Sanders at the hearing of his first case gained 
 a reputation for eloquence and ability and won a 
 respectable clientage. His residence and primitive office 
 were at Bannack, but the discovery and development 
 of the rich placers of Alder Gulch occasioned conflicts 
 respecting claims and demands for his professional 
 services in that locality. He removed to Virginia City 
 February 6, 1864, and thus within five months after 
 the sojourn at Bannack, Air. Sanders was a leader of 
 his fellow-citizens in eastern Idaho. 
 
 An awful chapter in the building of Alontana must 
 be read to illustrate one phase in the character of this 
 pioneer. During this eventful period, when the miners 
 were prospecting for gold, murders and robberies were 
 perpetrated almost daily by an organization of assassins 
 who defied with audacity the moral element. Their 
 chief was Flenry Plummer, who had been elected sheriff 
 of the settlements within what are the counties of 
 Beaverhead and A'ladison, and his deputies were mem- 
 bers of his band. This election did not have the 
 sanction of law, hut its validity was not questioned, and 
 the gravity of the situation can be readily understood. 
 It was a serious problem to solve, whether it were 
 possible to destroy these formidable pirates without the 
 aid of the strong arm of the government. These out- 
 laws in number and record of unlawful deeds were 
 never surpassed in any section of the United States. 
 But at last the crisis came, and the decisive combat 
 between the good and the bad was fought. 
 
 George Ives, who ranked next to Plummer in the 
 enormities of his villainies, added to his list of mur- 
 ders the name of Nicholas Tbalt, a German. He was 
 arrested by citizens of Nevada, and a graphic descrip- 
 tion of his trial has been written by Dimsdale, Lang- 
 ford, AIcClure and other authors, but the attention of 
 the reader will be directed to the conduct of Air. San- 
 ders on this momentous occasion. In December 1863. 
 Ives sat in a wagon in a street of Nevada, surrounded 
 by hundreds of armed men, mostly miners, who were 
 to render a final vote on every question. An advisory 
 jury of twenty-four persons had been selected from 
 the districts of Nevada and Junction, who were to act 
 in the first instance and return a verdict. The defend- 
 ant had bold and desperate friends in the motley crowd 
 and was assisted by able attorneys. Air. Sanders was 
 the principal counsel for the prosecution and performed 
 his great work with the highest honors. Let others 
 tell the wonderful story. 
 
 Professor Thomas J. Dimsdale wrote : “The hero 
 
 of that hour of trial was avowedly W. F. Sanders. Not 
 
 a desperado present but would have felt honored by 
 becoming his murderer, and yet, fearless as a lion, he 
 stood there confronting and defying the malice of his- 
 armed adversaries. The citizens of Alontana, many 
 of them his bitter political opponents, recollect his 
 actions with gratitude and kindly feeling. 
 
 The Vigilantes uf Montana, p. 93. 
 
 Bishop Tuttle wrote: “And no braver act, followed 
 
 by tremendous consequences for good, was ever done 
 than that of Colonel W. F. Sanders, when in the moon- 
 light of December 21st, 1863, after the miners’ jury had 
 given their verdict, he mounted a wagon and moved 
 that George Ives be forthwith hanged by the neck until 
 he was dead. It was the supreme critical moment. 
 Scores and hundreds of 'bold and reckless men in the 
 crowd were ready to organize a rescue, and equally 
 ready to shoot the man in the wagon, had they not 
 been dazed by Sanders’ fearless promptitude.” Remi- 
 niscences of a Missionary Bishop, p. 123. 
 
 Hon. N. P. Langford wrote : “The highest praise 
 
 is due to Colonel Sanders for fearlessness and energy 
 he displayed in the conduct of this trial ; for it fur- 
 nished an e.xample which was not lost upon the law 
 and order men in all their subsequent efforts to rid the 
 Territory of the ruffians.” Vigilante Days and Ways,. 
 Vol. 2, p. 76. 
 
 Hon. A. K. IVIcCIure wrote : “The young advocate 
 
 who thus braved defiant crime in the very citadel of 
 its power, and hurled back the fearful tide of disorder, 
 was Colonel Sanders, and he is today beloved by every 
 good citizen and hated by every wrongdoer for his. 
 sublime heroism in behalf of the right.” Three Thou- 
 sand Miles Through the Rocky Mountains, p. 394. 
 
 After the execution of Ives, December 21, 1863, there 
 was a thorough organization of the Vigilantes and the 
 doom of the road agents was sealed in blood.!. Air. 
 Sanders returned to Bannack, another era dawned and: 
 eastern Idaho was truly saved. 
 
 A meeting was held in Bannack in October, 1863, tO' 
 discuss the policy of establishing another territory, 
 and Air. Sanders was a member of the committee to 
 obtain the cooperation of the people of Alder Gulch.. 
 The mission was successful, funds were raised to defray 
 the e,xpenses, and Air. Edgerton was sent to Washing- 
 ton in January, 1864, to present the matter to Congress.. 
 The result of these efforts was the organization of the 
 Territory of Alontana, Alay 26, 1864, and Air. Edgertoir 
 returned as Governor. 
 
 The election of a delegate to the house of repre- 
 sentatives was held October 24, 1864. and Air. Sanders 
 was the choice of the LTnion, or Republican party. He 
 made a gallant canvass, engaged in a joint debate with 
 Hon. Samuel AIcLean, the Democratic candidate, and 
 achieved a brilliant reputation as a political speaker. It 
 was the first test of the views of the citizens on public 
 affairs, but the majority were opposed to the adminis- 
 tration of President Lincoln and Air. Sanders was 
 defeated. 
 
 The first legislative assembly convened December- 
 12, 1864, at Bannack. A joint resolution, approved 
 February 6, 1865, was passed appointing Alessrs. Aliller, 
 Sanders and Stapleton commissioners to codify the 
 laws of the territory. A measure of importance to 
 all was entitled, “An Act to Incorporate the Historical 
 Society of Alontana,” and approved February 2, 1865. 
 The first meeting of the corporators was held Feb- 
 ruary 25, 1865, at Virginia City, and Air. Sanders was 
 elected president pro tern. The permanent organization 
 was effected Alarch 25. 1865, and Air. Sanders was 
 elected president and discharged its duties during the 
 succeeding years until February i, 1890, when he re- 
 signed. His interest in this society never abated, and 
 he cheerfully devoted his valuable time to its objects 
 and carried on an extensive correspondence in its be- 
 half. In gleaning fields for historic materials, he found' 
 everywhere 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 853 
 
 “Tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, ser- 
 mons in stones,” and to him each stream and mountain 
 “could a tale unfold” in our annals. 
 
 A feeling of unrest was manifest among the Indian 
 tribes of Montana in 1865, and Mr. Sanders received 
 from Governor Edgerton a commission as colonel of 
 the militia, a military title by which he was afterwards 
 known. 
 
 Colonel Sanders affiliated with the Masons in Ohio, 
 and upon the receipt of a charter joined a lodge in 
 Virginia City. He filled the office of grand secretary 
 of the Grand lodge from 1866 to 1868, when he was 
 elected grand master. The addresses which he deliv- 
 ered as the representative of his brethren were notable 
 features of the exercises on public occasions. 
 
 Colonel Sanders was again called on in 1867 to bear 
 aloft the standard of the Republican party. Before the 
 advent of railroads, the canvass for the trust of dele- 
 gate was conducted from camp to camp, hundreds of 
 miles were traveled in wagons or on horseback, and 
 discomforts of all kinds were endured. He was imbued 
 with the fervor of the faithful missionaries of old and 
 fearless in declaring his sentiments regarding the affairs 
 of the country. We confess that he was lacking in the 
 qualities of an adroit politician, and was as guileless 
 as a child in controlling the mechanism of American 
 politics. In common parlance he “called a spade a 
 spade,” and uttered his opinions on all subjects with 
 rnoral courage and regardless of the consequences to 
 himself or his cause. He entered the lists single- 
 handed in this and later congressional campaigns in 
 Montana, and was commonly called the “Republican 
 War Horse,” or “Old War Horse.” He was also 
 nominated for delegate in 1880 and 1886, but Montana 
 continued to be anti-Republican in its partisanship. 
 
 Colonel Sanders was a delegate to the National 
 Republican Conventions in 1868, 1872, 1876 and 1884, 
 and through his untiring labors the right of the repre- 
 sentatives of the territories to vote, for some time 
 denied, was upheld. 
 
 The tide of population was flowing northward, and 
 in September, 1868, his residence was fixed in Helena. 
 
 In 1872, 1874, 1876 and 1878 Colonel Sanders was 
 elected by the voters of Lewis and Clark county a 
 member of the house of representatives of the legis- 
 lative assembly_ of Montana. He brought to the per- 
 formance of his official tasks a profound knowledge 
 of law and,_ above all, an earnest purpose. He served 
 with the minority, but his influence in shaping legisla- 
 tion was second to none, and his record as a law- 
 maker was without a flaw. 
 
 Colonel Sanders was the president of the board of 
 trustees of the Montana Wesleyan University from 
 1889 until his death. He sought with characteristic 
 zeal to foster this institution and advance the cause 
 of higher education. He also acted as school trustee 
 of the district including Helena. 
 
 The admission of Montana into the Union was fol- 
 lowed by dual legislatures, and Colonel Sanders was 
 elected by the Republican body United States senator 
 and given his seat in 1890. It would be a gross abuse 
 of the privilege of the writer to make any further 
 statement. His term expired March 4, 1893, and he 
 retired to private life with the esteem and confidence 
 of his distinguished colleagues. 
 
 It is needless to remark that the activities of Senator 
 Sanders did not cease at any time. He attended, when 
 possible, all the meetings of the Society of Montana 
 Pioneers, and served as corresponding secretary in 1884 
 and 1885 and as president in 1888. 
 
 The public library of Helena was strengthened by 
 his intelligent action, and he was a member of its 
 board of trustees when he passed on. 
 
 Senator Sanders was a member of the bar of the 
 Territory and State of Montana and the United States. 
 He was a strong advocate of the codification of the 
 
 statutes and every measure that savored of reform in 
 procedure or the courts. He was president oi the 
 Montana Bar Association in 1885, upon its organization. 
 
 Senator Sanders was a charter member of William 
 English Post, Department of Montana, Grand Army 
 of the Republic. He was unanimously elected March 
 28, 1905, department commander, and with the com- 
 position of the patriotic order for the observance of 
 Memorial Day finished his course. 
 
 The legislative assembly passed a law, approved 
 February 7, 1905, creating the county of Sanders to 
 show its appreciation of his services to the people of 
 Montana. 
 
 On July 7, 1905, the brave soldier, sterling pioneer, 
 grand orator and wise lawgiver fell asleep in his home 
 in Helena. He was survived by his widow and three 
 sons, James U., Wilbur F. and Louis P. Sanders. 
 
 Senator Sanders was a leader at the bar and upwards 
 of forty years his resonant voice, with a melodious 
 cadence, was heard by delighted audiences in every 
 hamlet of Montana. It might be Memorial Day or 
 the Fourth of July, a gathering of army comrades 
 or pioneers, the exhibition of a school or the com- 
 mencement of a university, a meeting for the location 
 or the construction of a railway, the laying of the 
 corner-stone of a church or Masonic temple, the com- 
 memorative rites of an old-timer or the executive of 
 the United States, an assemblage of the bar, or a 
 banquet, the miners’ court, the justice court, or the 
 supreme court. He was ever aggressive and independ- 
 ent, and his battle cry in the heat of the strife was 
 “No quarter.” In his mind all things were upon the 
 same plane, and he showed the same intense spirit in 
 a ward primary to nominate an alderman, or a national 
 convention to choose a candidate for president of the 
 republic. 
 
 Let us dwell on a trait all, especially students, should 
 emulate. The favorite abode of Senator Sanders was 
 his library; his reading embraced the best authors of 
 England and America; knowledge was his treasure 
 house; his memory of everything was wonderful; and 
 his vocabulary was unsurpassed by any person in the 
 state. His style was unique, the meaning of every 
 sentence was clear, and his ideas and illustrations were 
 clothed in felicitous phrases. He handled the keen 
 weapons of logic and satire with dexterity. 
 
 Hon. William Scallon, who prepared the obituary of 
 Senator Sanders for the American Bar Association, 
 wrote: “He was noted for his mastery of the English 
 language and for his eloquence, his power of invective, 
 wit and sarcasm. His keenness of intellect and his 
 powers of speech called forth from Robert G. Ingersoll, 
 to whom he was opposed on the trial of a noted case, 
 the remark that ‘Sanders was the keenest blade he had 
 ever crossed.’ ” Proceedings, Vol. XXVIII. , p. 859. 
 
 He studied diligently the meaning of words and the 
 rules of grammar and rhetoric, and the sentences in 
 a letter on a common topic were framed as correctly as 
 a document of the highest concern. In oral arguments 
 and informal talks he sought likewise to be exact in 
 the use of terms and state his propositions with pre- 
 cision. He was not content with his erudition in this 
 regard, but consulted often treatises and lexicons to 
 improve his diction and strengthen his intellectual 
 forces, and the lesson taught by this illustrious exem- 
 plar should be remembered. 
 
 The observation of Cicero in the essay on the 
 Republic is worthy of repetition : “Nor, indeed, is there 
 anything in which human virtue can more closely re- 
 semble the divine powers, than in establishing new 
 states, or in preserving those already established.” It 
 was the rare distinction of Senator Sanders to illustrate 
 both attributes of this exalted character. He was a 
 soldier in a regiment of Ohio volunteers, recruited in 
 1861 for the salvation of our Union, and a master 
 workman in building the strong foundations of our 
 
S 54 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 state. The Roman orator justly lavished his wealth 
 of speech upon achievements of this grandeur. 
 
 The last sad rites for the departed were witnessed 
 at the Auditorium in Helena on the .Monday following 
 his demise. From the bar and press, from the pulpit 
 and societies proud of his membership, and from the 
 people in every part of .Montana came messages of 
 sympathy and gratitude. In Forest Vale cemetery 
 Wilbur Fisk Sanders rests in peace. 
 
 “O good gray head which all men knew, 
 
 O Iron nerve to true occasion true, 
 
 () fall'll at length that tower of strength 
 
 That stood four-square to all the winds that blew! 
 
 William .\ndrews Clark. Futile were the attempts 
 to e-xpress within these circumscribe limitations of a 
 sketch of this order all that Hon. William Clark has 
 meant to .Montana, and all that the great Commonwealth 
 has meant to him during the long years within which 
 the state has been virtually reclaimed from unsubdued 
 wilds and fastnesses, of valley and mountain, to become 
 one of the splendid Commonwealths of our vast national 
 domain. .\ pioneer of pioneers, a man of courage and 
 ambition, a man of initiative power and of great con- 
 structive ability, a citizen loyal and progressive in all 
 things. Senator Clark has been a dominating force in 
 the civic and industrial development and upbuilding of 
 .Montana, and for all time will the state owe him a debt 
 of gratitude and honor — a debt which becomes the more 
 a matter of recognition and appreciation as the long 
 years have thrown the works and achievements of Sen- 
 ator Clark into clear definition against the screen of 
 time. 
 
 His has been a life conspicuous for the magnitude and 
 variety of its achievements, and not only has he been 
 a distinguished figure in the history of the territory and 
 state of Montana, but his influence has also transcended 
 such local environs to permeate the national life. 
 
 It is not easy to describe adequately a man who is 
 as distinct in character and who has accomplished so 
 much in the world as has Senator Clark, and the neces- 
 sary limitations of this article are such as to permit 
 only a glance at the individuality and achievements 
 of the man. .Much that he has done as a man of great 
 affairs and as a citizen of utmost loyalty and generous 
 liberality has become a very part of the history of the 
 State and Nation, and other publications of more spe- 
 cific order have made adequate record concerning his 
 activities, on which score the sketch at hand may well 
 be offered as a mere epitome of the career of its honored 
 subj ect. 
 
 William Andrews Clark, former United States Sen- 
 ator from Montana, claims the old Keystone State of the 
 Ibiion as the place of his nativity, and_ is a scion of 
 families whose names have long been identified with 
 the annals of .\merican history. He was born near 
 Connellsville. Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the 8th 
 of January, 1839, and is a son of John and Mary (An- 
 drews) Clark, both of whom were likewise natives of 
 that county. 
 
 The paternal grandfather of Senator Clark, likewise 
 bore the name of John, and was born in County Tyrone, 
 Ireland, whence he came to America soon after the close 
 of the War of the Revolution, and established his home 
 in Pennsylvania. 
 
 The maiden name of his wife was Reed, and she was 
 a resident of Chester county, Pennsylvania, at the time 
 of their marriage, her parents having emigrated to 
 .\merica from the North of Ireland. William and Sarah 
 .Andrews, the maternal grandparents of him whose name 
 initiates this review, were likewise from County Ty- 
 rone, Ireland, and they settled in Western Pennsylvania 
 in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The maiden 
 name of Mrs. Sarah Andrews was Kithcart, and con- 
 cerning the family genealogy, the following data have 
 
 been given; "She was a descendant of the Cathcart 
 family, who were originally Huguenots, and the name 
 was changed to Kithcart by an error made by a Reg- 
 istrar in the transfer of a tract of land. The Cathcart 
 family removed from France to Scotland to escape the 
 religious persecutions incidental to the revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantes, and religious difficulties later prompted 
 their removal to the North of Ireland. Subsequently, 
 representatives of this ancient family immigrated to 
 America, where different branches settled in New York, 
 and Pennsylvania.” Both the Clark and Andrews fam- 
 ilies had their origin in Scotland in the thirteenth cen- 
 tury and members of both families moved to the North 
 of Ireland during the seventeenth century, and from 
 there came to the United States in the latter part of the 
 eighteenth century. In all lines the ancestors of Senator 
 Clark have been of the staunchest Protestant Faith, and 
 his parents were most zealous members of the Presby- 
 terian Church, in which his father was an Elder for 
 forty years prior to his death. John and Mary (An- 
 drews) Clark were reared and educated in Western 
 Pennsylvania, where their marriage was solemnized and 
 where they continued to reside until the year 1856, when 
 they moved to the West, and numbered themse.ves 
 among the pioneers of Van Buren county, Iowa, where 
 they procured a considerable tract of land and developed 
 a productive farm. John Clark was a man of superior 
 intellectual power and impregnable integrity, so that 
 he naturally became an influence in the pioneer com- 
 munity, the while he contributed his quota to the civic 
 and material development of the Hawkeye State. He 
 continued to reside in Van Buren county, Iowa, until 
 his death, which occurred in the year 1873, at the age 
 of seventy-six years, and his noble wife passed the 
 closing years of her life at Los Angeles, California, 
 where she was summoned to her eternal rest in 1904, 
 at the venerable age of a little over ninety years. 
 
 Most gracious are the memories which Senator Clark 
 associates with his honored parents, and the filial rever- 
 ence in which he holds their names shows his apprecia- 
 tion of the finer ideals of life, even as the same has 
 been significantly manifested in many other ways during 
 the long years of his really wonderful career of activ- 
 ity in connection with affairs of the broadest scope and 
 importance. Concerning the earlier days of the life 
 history of Senator Clark, the present writer has pre- 
 viously written an estimate, and from the same may thus 
 be consistently drawn data here presented, without 
 formal indications of quotation, and with such para- 
 phrase as may seem appropriate. 
 
 The old homestead farm of his parents, in Fayette 
 county, Pennsylvania, gave the environment and influ- 
 ences under which the future United States Senator 
 from Montana was reared as a boy and a youth. He 
 early learned the lessons of practical and consecutive 
 industry, through the assistance which he rendered in 
 connection with the work on the farm, and his rudi- 
 mentary education was secured in the common schools 
 of his native state, his attendance in the same having 
 been during the winter terms only, when his services 
 were not in requisition on the farm. 
 
 With characteristic prescience of the value of educa- 
 tion, the ambitious youth was not to be satisfied with 
 merely rudimentary training, and thus it may be re- 
 corded that when fourteen years of age he entered 
 Laurel Hill Academy, in which he laid the foundation 
 for a really liberal education along academic lines. 
 
 William A. Clark was seventeen years of age at the 
 time of accompanying his parents on their emigration 
 to Iowa in the year 1856, and during the first years 
 he gave effective aid in improving and tilling the r.iw 
 prairie farm. During the winter of the first and secontl 
 years he resided in Van Buren county, Iowa, he taught 
 two terms of district school and thus gained honors as 
 one of the pioneers of the pedagogic profession in the 
 Hawkeye State. Thereafter, he attended an academy 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 855 
 
 at Birmingham, Iowa, for one term, and later he was for 
 two years a student in the academic and also the law 
 department of the Iowa Weslyan University at Mount 
 Pleasant. To the fact that he did not find it expedient 
 to engage in the practice of law it is due that the broad 
 and masterful career of a man of affairs in the Western 
 World was not subverted. In 1859-60, Mr. Clark was 
 engaged in teaching in the public schools of Cooper and 
 Pettis counties in the state of ^lissouri, and in 1862, he 
 drove a team of cattle across the plains to South Park, 
 Colorado, in which state he gained his initial experience 
 in connection with the great industry of which he was 
 destined to become one of the leading and most success- 
 ful exponents in America. During the first winter, he 
 worked in the quartz mines at Central City, where he 
 gained knowledge and experience that afterwards served 
 him to good purpose in his extensive mining operations 
 in Montana, where he was one of the pioneers in this line, 
 as well as elsewhere in the Western States. In 1863, the 
 news of gold discoveries at Bannack, then in the Eastern 
 part of the territory of Idaho, which was afterwards an- 
 nexed to the state of Montana, reached Colorado, and 
 Mr. Clark was among the first to set forth for this new 
 El Dorado. After sixt)^-five days’ travel with an ox- 
 team in company with three others, he arrived at Ban- 
 nack, just in time to join a stampede to a new district on 
 Horse Prairie Creek. There, he secured a placer gold 
 claim, which he worked during that summer and also the 
 following season. He netted about $2,000 from his oper- 
 ations the first summer, and thus formed the nucleus 
 of the immense fortune which he later accumulated in 
 connection with mining operations in Montana. 
 
 The ensuing five years in the career of Mr. Clark may 
 be rapidly surveyed’, although the period was made one 
 of push and enterprise characteristic of the man. After 
 two years’ experience in placer mining, he took the 
 advantage of the opportunities presented for trade and 
 business, and in less than half a decade he was at the 
 head of one of the largest wholesale mercantile estab- 
 lishments in the territory, the same having been built 
 up from the smallest of beginnings. His first venture 
 was to bring a load of provisions which he purchased 
 at Salt Lake City, in the winter of 1863-4, and for these 
 necessaries he found a ready demand at amazing prices 
 in the mining-camps in Montana. The next winter, 
 after the close of the mining-season, this experiment 
 was repeated on a larger scale, and at Virginia City, 
 then the centre of mining activities, he found the best 
 market. In the spring of 1865, he opened a general 
 merchandise establishment at Blackfoot City, then a 
 new and bustling mining-camp, on the western slope of 
 the Rocky Mountains. In the autumn of the same year 
 he sold out his store at that place, and, having noticed 
 that the markets were bare of tobacco, which was deemed 
 then one of the necessities in a miner’s life, he went on 
 horseback to Boise, Idaho, where he purchased several 
 thousand pounds of this commodity at a cost of a dollar 
 and a half per pound. He purchased a wagon and span 
 of horses, and the future Senator drove, in the month of 
 December when the weather was extremely cold, with 
 his precious cargo, to Helena, Montana, where he sold 
 out his stock at the rate of five and six dollars per 
 pound to ready and appreciative purchasers. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1866, Mr. Clark joined a stampede to a new min- 
 ing district on Elk Creek, some fifty miles west of 
 Blackfoot, where he established another store, and did 
 a large and profitable business. In the autumn of that 
 year, he disposed of his stock and business in Elk Creek, 
 and made a trip to San Francisco, via Portland. Oregon. 
 His route lay over the Mullan Pass, across the Coeur 
 d’Alene Mountains ; thence to Walla Walla, Washing- 
 ton territory, and thence to Wallula, the head of navi- 
 gation on the Columbia river, at which point he took 
 passage on a small steam-boat to The Dalles, Oregon, 
 where there was a transfer by rail a short distance below 
 the rapids, when another boat was taken to the city of 
 
 Portland, then quite a small town, but now a city of 
 large dimensions. From Portland he took passage on 
 a steamship to San Francisco, where, after a sojourn of 
 some days, he visited the principal towns in Central 
 California, and at Marysville took passage on a stage- 
 coach through Northern California and Oregon to 
 Portland, at which point he purchased a stock of goods 
 which were shipped to JMontana and which he after- 
 wards soon disposed of at a fair profit. 
 
 Few have more lived up to the full tension of the 
 pioneer effort in the history of Montana, and few have 
 shown greater initiative and versatility in progressive 
 and various business enterprises. 
 
 In October, 1866, Mr. Clark made a trip to the East 
 by way of old Fort Benton, the head of navigation on 
 the Missouri river, going by “Mackinaw” boat to Sioux 
 City, Iowa, the voyage occupying thirty-five days. After 
 visiting his parents at his old home in Eastern Iowa, and 
 the principal cities in the East and South, Mr. Clark 
 returned to Montana in the Spring of 1867, and he is 
 next heard of as a mail contractor on the star route 
 between Missoula and Walla Walla, a distance of four 
 hundred miles, and this venture was made successful as 
 had been his prior undertakings. His next move was in 
 the direction of a wider field of business activity. 
 
 In the autumn of 1868, iMr. Clark made a trip to New 
 York City, traveling by stage-coach to Green River, 
 Wyoming, which at that time was the western terminus 
 of the United Pacific Railroad, where he formed a co- 
 partnership with Mr. Robert W. Donnell for the purpose 
 of engaging in the wholesale mercantile trade and bank- 
 ing business, in Montana territory, a connection that 
 resulted in the founding of one of the strongest business 
 firms of that period in the history of Montana. They 
 shipped a large stock of general merchandise by way 
 of the Missouri river to Fort Benton, and established in 
 the Spring of 1869 a wholesale business at Helena. In 
 1870, the headquarters of the enterprise were trans- 
 ferred to Deer Lodge, where the business was consoli- 
 dated with that previously established at that point by 
 iMr. Donnell. At this time, IMr. Samuel E. Larabie was 
 admitted to partnership under the firm name of Donnell, 
 Clark and Larabie, and the concern built up a gigantic 
 and successful business. When this enterprise was 
 sold, the firm gave its attention to the banking business, 
 in which important line of enterprise it conducted suc- 
 cessful operations, both at Deer Lodge and Butte, the 
 latter place having at that time been known as Butte 
 City. In May, 18^84, Messrs. Clark and Larabie pur- 
 chased the interests of Mr. Donnell in their Montana 
 business, and subsequently Mr. Clark and his brother, 
 James Ross Clark, assumed full ownership of the Butte 
 Bank, after the former had disposed of his interests at 
 Deer Lodge. The banking house of W. A. Clark & 
 Brother is still in existence, and has become one of the 
 strongest banking institutions of the West, with a busi- 
 ness centered in the Montana metropolis. 
 
 It is, however, in his mining investments, and in the 
 operation of vast mills.and smelters for the treatment 
 of basic ores that Mr. Clark has gained his phenomenal 
 success and become known as one of the greatest mining 
 men of the nation and of the world, the while he has 
 contributed through his activities in these lines a greater 
 quota to the development and progress of Montana than 
 has any other one person of the period. The quartz mine 
 prospects in the vicinity of Butte first attracted the 
 attention of Senator Clark. In the years 1872-73, he 
 purchased, in whole or in part, the Colusa, Original. 
 Mountain Chief, Gambetta, and other mines, nearly all 
 of which later proved to be exceedingly rich producers. 
 A marked characteristic in the career of Mr. Clark is, 
 that he has never entered upon a project without fortify- 
 ing himself thoroughly by the fullest available informa- 
 tion pertaining thereto. This wise policy has been an 
 unmistakable power in furthering his success, and was 
 significantly shown at the time when he initiated his 
 
856 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 mining operations, although his attitude and actions 
 aroused not a little scepticism on the part of the pioneer 
 and practical mining men of the territory when he de- 
 cided to pass the winter of 1872-3 at the School of 
 Mines at Columbia University in New York City. There, 
 he took a course of practical assaying and analysis, with 
 a general outline of mineralogy and metallurgy, and the 
 information thus gained proved of inestimable value to 
 him in his future and great mining operations. He has 
 never been a "plunger,” in any of his ventures, and his 
 success in the domain of mining industry has been the 
 result of careftil investigation and consideration of every 
 prospect and project with which he has identified him- 
 self, and in connection with which he has made a repu- 
 tation that extends beyond our national boundaries. 
 Through the linancial interposition of Mr. Clark, one of 
 the first stamp mills of Butte, the "Old Dexter,” was 
 completed and placed in operation in the winter of 
 1876-7. The first smelter of importance in the city was 
 erected by the Colorado and Montana Mining and 
 Smelting Comi)any, which was organized by Mr. Clark 
 in connection with Senator Hill and Professor Pearce, 
 of Denver, Colorado, and was one of the leading enter- 
 prises of the kind in the Montana metropolis, Mr. 
 Clark being Vice-President and one of the largest stock- 
 holders of the corporation. Tn 1880, he organized the 
 Moulton Alining Company, which forthwith erected the 
 Moulton Mill, upon a mine by that name which he had 
 located several years before. Tins company built a com- 
 plete dry-crushing and chloridizing mill of forty stamps, 
 a three-compartment shaft was sunk, and modern pump- 
 ing and hoisting works were installed, the property 
 having been thoroughly explored at a cost of about $500,- 
 000, including the mill. This mine and mill were in 
 successful operation for many years, and until the de- 
 cline in the price of silver rendered the business no longer 
 profitable. Mr. Clark and bis son, Charles W. Clark, 
 owned the Butte Reduction Works, and were the inter- 
 ested principals in the Colusa Parrot Alining and Smelt- 
 ing Company, and controlled several other silver and 
 copper mines in the Butte district. Besides his interests 
 in these corporations, A-Ir. Clark has large individual 
 holdings in the mines, which are being successfully ope- 
 rated, affording employment to a large number of men. 
 In connection with his son, W. A. Clark, Jr., they are now 
 constructing a large concentrating jjlant for the treat- 
 ment of ores from the Elm Orlu Aline, near Butte, 
 which has proven to be one of the largest zinc and cop- 
 per mines in the world, the ores containing, in addi- 
 tion, considerable silver and a small quantity of gold. 
 'I bis mine they have been developing for several years, 
 and have reached a depth of 1,500 feet. Air. Clark also 
 owns valuable mining properties in the States of Utah, 
 Idaho, and Arizona, and amongst the most important 
 of these is that of the United Verde Copper Company, 
 in Arizona, of which he is virtually the sole owner, and 
 which has lieen one of the wonders of the mining 
 world. It is probably the richest and most extensive 
 copper mine in the world, and the facilities for the 
 treatment of its ores are of the best modern type, includ- 
 ing immense smelting and refining plant. He is now 
 constructing a new smelting-plant at the new town of 
 Clarkdale on the Verde river, six miles from Jerome, 
 where the mines are situated, at a cost of several million 
 ddllars, which when completed will be one of the largest 
 and most up-to-date plants in the world. In connection 
 with this mine he built the United Verde and Pacific 
 Railroad, which, although only 26 miles in length, is a 
 marvel of engineering skill. He also advanced the funds 
 to build the new road from a point on the Santa Fe 
 Railroad System, forty miles in length, extending to 
 the new town of Clarkdale, where the new plant is beins 
 built. 
 
 Air. Clark now holds monetary and industrial inter- 
 ests across the entire continent, from the Atlantic to 
 the Pacific Ocean, and he has large interests in addi- 
 
 tion to those already mentioned, including properties in 
 Colorado and New Mexico, comprising coal-mines, and 
 also owns a large granite quarry at North Jay, in the 
 State of A'laine. He owns and controls the Butte Miner, 
 which has one of the largest and best equipped offices in 
 the entire West. In California, he has, in connection 
 with his brother, J. Ross Clark, a large sugar-planta- 
 tion with one of the largest sugar manufactories in the 
 West, this enterprise being conducted- under the title 
 of the Los Alamitos Sugar Company. At Elizabethport, 
 New Jersey, he is the principal owner of the Waclark 
 Wire Works, one of the most extensive industrial enter- 
 prises of the kind in the United States, and at Alt. 
 Vernon, near New York, he owns and operates what is 
 probably the largest and most artistic manufactory of 
 bronze in the country, the same being conducted under 
 the title of the Henry Bonnard Bronze Company. He 
 has large and valuable real-estate investments in Mon- 
 tana, New York, and the District of Columbia, notable 
 among which is his magnificent mansion in New York 
 City, one of the finest private residences in the entire 
 world, which was completed by him in 1910. In this 
 splendid home is installed one of the largest and most 
 admirably-selected art collections in the world, and the 
 entire building, superb in all appointments, with its un- 
 excelled artistic wood-carving and marble-work, and 
 other artistic decorations, with its superb collection of 
 pictures, tapestries, Persian carpets of the sixteenth 
 century, statues, faience, antique and priceless stained- 
 glass windows, and other objects, indicate the cultivated 
 tastes of the owner and of his gracious wife. Neverthe- 
 less, Afr. Clark claims Butte, Montana, where he has 
 lived the greater part of his life, as his permanent home. 
 Another of the really great projects of Senator Clark 
 was the construction of the railroad from San Pedro 
 harbor and Los Angeles, California, to Salt Lake City, 
 Utah, of which he is president. This great railroad in- 
 volving a mileage, including branch lines of over 1,000 
 miles, was built by Mr. Clark in connection with the 
 Union Pacific Railroad Company jointly, and without 
 tlie sale of a single bond or of a single share of stock, 
 which is unprecedented in the history of railroad con- 
 struction. Soon after its construction, it suffered a 
 wash-out of about eighty miles in extent, in what is 
 called the Rainbow Canon, which necessitated an addi- 
 tional outlay of about $5,000,000, which was promptly 
 furnished, and a high and safe line was completed with- 
 in a few months. This was a calamity probably without 
 parallel in the world’s record of railway construction. 
 This railway is now doing a large and profitable busi- 
 ness. Air. Clark also owns a great amount of stock, 
 bonds and other securities of some of the leading East- 
 ern and Trans-Continental Railroad lines, and has con- 
 cerned himself with all manner of industrial and finan- 
 cial enterprises, which have felt the impetus of his con- 
 structive and executive power, as well as of his immense 
 capitalistic resources. 
 
 Long maintaining his home in the city of Butte, 
 where he began mining operations in 1872, and where 
 he established his residence in 1878, Senator Clark has 
 ever shown the deepest sympathy in all that has touched 
 the general well-being of the Montana metropolis, as 
 well as the State at large. Public-spirited in the highest 
 degree, he has given generously of his time, ability and 
 means, to the furtherance of enterprises and measures 
 which have signally concerned the development and up- 
 building of the “Treasure State.” The first water-works 
 system, and the first electric lighting plant, in Butte, 
 were established by him, and he is now the sole owner 
 of the electric street-railway lines in the city, as well as 
 those extending to the neighboring suburbs. Many 
 other local and state industrial enterprises have received 
 his earnest and liberal cooperation, and it may be said, 
 without fear of legitimate contradiction, that no one 
 citizen of Alontana has done as much as he in the for- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 857 
 
 warding of civic and material progress within the 
 borders of this great Commonwealth. 
 
 In the counties of Missoula and Ravalli, in Western 
 Montana, he purchased, years ago, large tracts of tim- 
 ber-land on both sides of the big Blackfoot river, for 
 forty miles, as well as Nine Mile creek, at jMilltown, six 
 miles from Missoula, he built a dam in the Missoula 
 river, and installed a large water-power plant, and con- 
 structed a saw-mill of ver}- large capacity, as well as a 
 finishing-plant. At Missoula, he built a flour-mill and 
 a street railway eighteen miles in extent, and also owns 
 the water-system and electric-light system at that place. 
 He also extended an electric pole-line to Hamilton, sixty 
 miles from Missoula, at which point he also owns the 
 «lectric-light and water systems, and now furnishes elec- 
 tric light and power to all the intervening towns in the 
 Bitter Root Valley. 
 
 One of the noble contributions made to Butte by 
 Senator Clark is the Paul Clark Home, named in honor 
 of his son, who died at sixteen years of age while pre- 
 paring to enter Yale University. This institution _ was 
 built by him, and endowed in perpetuity, and furnishes 
 a home for orphan and half-orphan children, where 
 they enjoy all the comforts and advantages of home 
 life. It has a capacity for one hundred children. It is 
 incorporated with a Board consisting of five Directors, 
 three of whom are women, and Mrs. J. M. White, a lady 
 who has been noted for giving her attention for man}' 
 years to charitable work, is President of the Home. 
 Two other ladies, Mrs. Burton and Mrs. Moore, very 
 magnanimously devote a large portion of their time to 
 the interest and welfare of the institution. The male 
 members of the Board are business men who look after 
 the financial and business interests of the Home, and 
 altogether it constitutes a very happy family, that is 
 productive of much good in the great mining metropolis. 
 
 As a perpetual memorial in honor of his mother, who 
 was noted for her acts of charity during her life, Mr. 
 Clark conceived the project of erecting a home for girls 
 who are obliged to work for a living, in order that they 
 might be provided with all the substantial comforts and 
 advantages of a quiet home at actual cost for food and 
 attendance, without considering the outlays of the in- 
 vestments for the building and its equipment, or for the 
 management thereof. A large structure in the style of 
 the French Renaissance was planned about two years ago, 
 and was completed and furnished in February last at a 
 cost of about $400,000. The building is prominently 
 located on Loma Drive, in Los Angeles, California, one 
 of the highest points in the city. It is four stories high, 
 with a basement, and was built absolutely fire-proof. The 
 building is remarkable for its completeness in every par- 
 ticular. It contains about two hundred rooms, and ample 
 dimensions, with additional room for closets and ward- 
 robes, and ample baths were established on every floor. 
 It is furnished throughout with elegant and durable 
 equipment. There is a large dining room, with a seating- 
 capacity for two hundred, on the first floor. Also, on 
 this floor, are reception-rooms, two large parlors, a com- 
 modious library, and an auditorium, with a seating- 
 capacity for four hundred people. In the basement, there 
 is a large bowling-alley and gymnasium. The surround- 
 ing grounds are beautifully planted, and equipped with 
 basket-ball and tennis courts. The total cost of living 
 for each girl ranges from $4 to $6.50 per week, every- 
 thing included, and the establishment is admirably man- 
 aged by a special executive committee of the Young 
 Women’s Christian Association. In February, 1913, at 
 which time there was a large assembly of the people of 
 Los Angeles, Mr. Clark delivered an address, and also 
 a deed conveying the entire property to the Young 
 Women’s Association, with the condition expressed that 
 it should be maintained in perpetuity by said Association, 
 to carry out the purposes of the donor, and should bear 
 the name of “The Mary Andrews Clark Home." Within 
 a few days thereafter, the entire capacity of the building 
 
 was occupied by 200 girls, and there were a large num- 
 ber of applicants that could not be, for the time being, 
 accommodated. 
 
 To Senator Clark, Butte owes the creation of the 
 beautiful neighbouring park and pleasure-ground known 
 as Columbia Gardens, which were established by him 
 about twelve years ago, and which he has continually 
 enlarged and improved, at great expense. With zealous 
 personal care, he transformed this idyllic mountain 
 fastness into a magnificent pleasure resort for all classes 
 and conditions of citizens, and particularly for children, 
 and the same constitutes an enduring monument to his 
 generosity and civic pride. It is but due to him that a 
 brief description of this resort be entered in this con- 
 nection, and the following data are taken from an article 
 previously published, with slight elimination and para- 
 phrase ; — 
 
 Since 1901, a pleasure resort of the very first class 
 has been accessible to the people of Butte. Across the 
 valley, and three miles East of the city, one of the num- 
 erous canons common to the Rocky iMountains has been 
 utilized for this purpose. It has been preserved almost 
 as nature made it, with additions only of such character 
 as would enhance its inviting rusticity. The groves of 
 the little, picturesque valley have been extended by the 
 additional planting of several thousand trees each year. 
 As the water from the springs and melting snows high 
 up the mountain side start upon their downward course 
 they join with others coming from different directions, 
 and long before the bed of the canon is reached, a de- 
 lightful stream babbles along over a pebbly bottom, and 
 gurgles over an occasional rock into inviting pools. 
 Luxuriant foliage fringes the banks of these tributary 
 streams long ere their confluence in the more level sweep 
 below, and as they emerge into one, a perfect Eden of 
 green is massed about them. Willows and alders, with 
 here and there a lonely pine, have formed inviting bowers 
 and cosy nooks. Here, Nature has been aided in pro- 
 viding for the comfort and entertainment of man by the 
 supplementing of rustic seats, the creation of shaded 
 parks, the construction of little bridges, and endless paths 
 and other embellishments. A great pavilion occupies 
 a commanding position in the centre of the grounds. 
 Within its walls are cafes, banquet-rooms, smoking- 
 rooms, refreshment-booths of all kinds, and a dance floor 
 of gigantic proportions, upon which 2,000 people may 
 dance at a time, with balconies for guests and orchestra. 
 Surrounding the whole structure are broad promenade 
 verandas, and an open band-stand. The landscape-gar- 
 dener has given help in completing the scene, by creating 
 attractive flower-beds and parterres, the erection of 
 charming pagodas, and the creation of a delightful lake, 
 on which .glide many boats at the will of the pleasure- 
 seekers. There is also established large green-houses, 
 where thousands of flowers, comprising all the various 
 varieties, are grown, throughout the winter season. Also, 
 a fish hatchery has been provided for the inspection and 
 enjoyment of pleasure-seekers. The resort contains also 
 a collection of wild animals, consisting generally of those 
 found in the Rocky Mountain regions, as well as a large 
 collection of birds of beautiful plumage, all of which is 
 particularly interesting to children. This resort is pecul- 
 iarly charming by reason of the fact that the citizens of 
 Butte are there brought into close communion with 
 Nature, not only the thousands of people belonging to 
 the laboring-classes, but also those of higher estate, have 
 been quick to accept and enjoy the privileges of this 
 bountifully-endowed mountain retreat, so gratuitously 
 thrown open to them, at no further cost than car-fare. 
 The gardens are under the control of the Butte Electric 
 Railway Company, but Senator Clark is entitled to the 
 honor of having provided so necessary a public institu- 
 tion. As President and owner of the Railway Company, 
 he was the instigator of the plan for providing the Colum- 
 bia Gardens, which are accounted to be the greatest pub- 
 lic play-grounds in the country, and he has been the 
 
858 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 generous and enthusiastic patron of the enterprise from 
 its inception. The Gardens are provided witli electric 
 light, fire, sewerage, and water-systems. 1 he affection 
 which Mr. Clark has ever shown for children has been 
 signally e.xemplificd in connection with these Gardens, 
 and on May 8th of each year, and every Thursday fol- 
 lowing, and during the entire summer school-vacation, 
 lie provides at his individual expense for the entertairi- 
 ment of the children of Hutte and its vicinity at this 
 beautiful resort. I'ree transportation is given on special 
 trains over his own electric lines, as well as from the sur- 
 rounding country towns, and at the gardens, the little 
 ones' find endless sources of entertainment. 
 
 d'he grounds are furnished with all sorts of equipment, 
 such as swings, slides, roller-coasters, teeters, giant 
 strides, and so forth. On these days, there arc present 
 6,000 to 10,000 chiblren, who enjoy his hospitality. To 
 see these children at the Gardens, well dressed and well- 
 beh.ived, most of them the children of miners, is one 
 of the most beautiful sights to be seen in the world. 
 
 In no one direction docs Mr. Clark find greater pleas- 
 ure or satisfaction than in aiding or contributing to the 
 happiness of children, who ever appeal to the kindly in- 
 stinct of his heart. 
 
 -All that has bceti accomplished by Air. Clark in the 
 handling of business affairs of the broadest scope and 
 importance, could not be told in a volume, and it may 
 well be said that he stands as an admirable type of the 
 world's productive workers. But not thus has been taken 
 the full measure of the man, for in the midst of the 
 manifold exactments of bis great industrial and financial 
 interests, he has not denied to the State and Nation 
 services of high order, — services which Time is proving 
 to have been of greater value than were shown by con- 
 temporary estimates. To one who has achieved so 
 much iti the world of practical affairs, there must have 
 come a natural broadening in mental powers, intellectual 
 capacity, and general appreciation of the duties of citi- 
 zenship. Senator Clark has manifested a high stamp 
 of civic stewardship, is admirably fortified in his opinions 
 touching matters of governmental and economic polity, 
 and his loyalty as a citizen and as a stalwart supporter 
 of the cause of the Democratic Party cannot be impugned, 
 the while popular appreciation of his public service must 
 continue, cumulative with the passing of years. 
 
 In 1876, Governor Potts appointed Air. Clark official 
 orator to represent the Territory of Alontana at the Cen- 
 tennial Exposition, in Philadelphia, and the brilliant 
 address which he there delivered did much to attract at- 
 tention to the magnificent natural resources of the terri- 
 tory for which he appeared as sponsor. In 1877, A'lr. 
 Clark was elected Grand Alaster of the Grand Lodge of 
 Ancient Free & Accepted Alasons of Alontana, and in the 
 same year he was one of the first to respond to the call 
 of Governor Potts for volunteers to repel the invasion 
 of the Nez Perce Indians. He received commission as 
 major of the Butte Battalion and led this gallant organi- 
 zation to the front against Chief Joseph, one of the 
 greatest Indian military leaders the country has known. 
 In 1884, Mr. Clark represented Silver Bow county as 
 delegate to the first State Constitutional Convention of 
 Montana, and he had the distinction of being made presi- 
 dent of the convention, in which he made an admirable 
 record as a presiding officer and parliamentarian as well 
 as a citizen of the most aggressive loyalty and public 
 spirit. In 1884, he was appointed by President Arthur 
 to represent Alontana as a commissioner to the World’s 
 Industrial & Cotton Exposition, in the city of New 
 Orleans, and there he again rendered valuable service to 
 the state of his adoption. 
 
 In politics Senator Clark is primarily and emphatically 
 a Democrat, and his leadership in the party ranks in the 
 West has been creditable to the state which he has repre- 
 sented as well as to himself as a broad-minded and 
 patriotic citizen. The compass of this article renders 
 possible only the briefest review of his political career, 
 the record of the greater part of which has become a 
 very part of national history. In 1888, he was nominated 
 by his party as delegate from Alontana Territory to Con- 
 gress, and after a most brilliant and spirited canvass he 
 was defeated, owing to treachery within the party ranks. 
 At the time of the second constitutional convention, in 
 1889, when Alontana was finally admitted to the Union, 
 Air. Clark was elected president of the convention, in 
 which position he rendered most effective service of 
 entirely non-partisan order. 
 
 To Mr. Clark’s senatorial aspirations national interest 
 attaches. Upon the first legislative assembly of the new 
 state, convened in Helena in January, 1890, devolved the 
 duty of electing two United States senators to represent 
 the new commonwealth. Political misunderstanding re- 
 sulted in the election of two sets of senators, following 
 the organization of two distinctive houses or representa- 
 tives. The Democrats elected William A. Clark and 
 Alartin Alaginnis, and the Republicans chose Wilbur F. 
 Sanders and Thomas C. Power. Air. Clark received the 
 unanimous vote of his party both in caucus and in the 
 joint session of the two houses of the legislature. All 
 four presented their claims to the United States Senate, 
 and, as the Republicans were in a majority, in that body, 
 the issue did not remain long in doubt, Messrs. Sanders 
 and Power having been recognized as the duly elected 
 representatives of Alontana in the Federal Senate. It is 
 a matter of record that on this occasion Air. Clark re- 
 ceived from his party in the state the highest honor in 
 its gift, and he is as proud of this distinction to this day 
 as he would have been to enjoy the full honors of what 
 he regards as just and legal election. 
 
 In 1893 occurred Air. Clark’s second contest for the 
 office of United States Senator. The legislature con- 
 vened at Flelena to elect a successor to Colonel Sanders. 
 Three Populist members held the balance of power. 
 Again the caucus nomination was given to Mr. Clark, 
 but a contingent of the Democratic members refused 
 either to participate in the caucus or to abide by its action. 
 During the entire legislative session of sixty days, the 
 senatorial contest continued, and at the last joint session 
 the gavel fell with no election. During several ballots 
 Air. Clark came within two votes of an election, having 
 received the support of one Populist and several Repub- 
 licans in addition to the twenty-six Democrats whose 
 fealty had continued without interruption. Mr. Clark 
 headed the Montana delegation to the Democratic 
 national convention of 1892, in Chicago, and during the 
 ensuing national administration he wielded due power 
 in connection with federal affairs in Montana. 
 
 During the legislative session in 1898, Air. Clark was 
 again a candidate for the United States Senate, and was 
 again elected. On his application for permission to take 
 his seat, partisan politics again intervened, and at the 
 request of the Republican majority in the Senate, the 
 question of his seating was held in abeyance. In the 
 meanwhile he resigned his office, to which he had been 
 elected, and he was thereupon appointed, by Lieutenant 
 Governor Spriggs to fill the vacancy, but he never pre- 
 sented himself to take the oath of office. This term, how- 
 ever, could continue only until the next meeting of the 
 legislature, 1901, and at this assembly Mr. Clark was for 
 a third time elected to the position he so honorably 
 sought and to which he was most eminently entitled. Of 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 859 
 
 his service in the United States Senate it is not necessary 
 to give details in this article, for his record has become 
 a very part of the history of that body and one which 
 redounds to his credit and honor. 
 
 Fidelity has been one of the dominating traits in the 
 character of Senator Clark, and with the passing of time 
 has come a fuller appreciation of the sacrifices he has 
 made and the exalted service he has given in behalf of 
 the state to the development of which he has contributed 
 in prodigious measure. He has merited every confidence 
 reposed in him, and has been true to every trust, whether 
 great or small. The city of Helena is indebted to him 
 for the location of the state capital within its borders. In 
 1894, the permanent seat of government was to be estab- 
 lished, after a contest which had left Helena and Ana- 
 conda as the sole competitors. Temporarily Helena was 
 the capital city, but the choice of the powerful Anaconda 
 Company was Anaconda, whose star seemed much in 
 the ascendancy. The Helena forces were without leader- 
 ship or proper organization. In this connection, it should 
 be noted that the residence of Senator Clark was in sight 
 of the Anaconda mines and that there were many large 
 inducements for him to throw his influence in favor of 
 Anaconda. But conditions appealed to his sense of 
 justice, and he accordingly became the aggressive cham- 
 pion of the cause of Helena. Through the columns of 
 the Butte Miner he made his position known, without 
 reference to political or personal ambition, and from that 
 time forward he was the recognized leader of the Helena 
 forces. He eloquently urged the claims of Helena on the 
 stump and contributed liberally to the campaign fund. 
 Concerning his efforts in this connection, the following 
 spirited account has been given and is well worthy of 
 perpetuation in this review : 
 
 “Never, in the history of this or any other state, was 
 a battle more intense and exciting; never did the people 
 more keenly feel that their rights and liberaties were 
 at stake ; and never did a citizen receive a greater or 
 more spontaneous ovation than that which Mr. Clark 
 enjoyed when, after having unquestionably snatched 
 victory from defeat, the people of the state gathered in 
 thousands at Helena to do him honor. The citizens bore 
 him on their shoulders from his train, placed him in a 
 carriage, and then, detaching the horses, took their 
 places at the pole and triumphantly hauled the vehicle 
 to the city as a victor’s chariot. It was a battle never to 
 be forgotten, and the unprecedented expressions of 
 gratitude which were showered upon Mr. Clark formed 
 a climax such as rarely rewards the efforts of man. It 
 was a victory which easily gave Mr. Clark rank as the 
 leading citizen of the state and as one of the most com- 
 manding figures of the West." 
 
 Senator Clark is still making histor}q and it is uni- 
 formly conceded that he has played no unimportant 
 part in national affairs. That he is entitled to a place in 
 the first rank of the brave, determined and energetic men 
 of the great West will be readily admitted, and his career 
 offers both lesson and inspiration. As a good citizen, 
 patriotic, broad-minded. Senator Clark has thousands of 
 warm personal friends, regardless of political lines or 
 social gradations. With many of them he has mingled 
 as a pioneer, and had experience in connection with con- 
 ditions and influences of the formative period in the 
 history of a great commonwealth. To many he has given 
 a helping hand and a cheering word of encouragement. 
 His heart has been attuned to sympathy and tolerance, 
 and those who know him best are they who will most 
 earnestly attest to this. His has been a wonderful suc- 
 cess in temporal affairs, but the generous, kindly heart 
 
 of the man has shown itself above all and over all his 
 activities, with the result that he merits the high regard 
 in which he is held in the state of which he has been 
 essentially one of the founders and builders. He still 
 passes considerable time each year in Montana, and he 
 is proud of the state and of her sterling citizens, glad 
 of the part which he has been able to take in her develop- 
 ment and upbuilding, and appreciative of the esteem 
 which he has won through the long years of association 
 with this favored commonwealth. 
 
 Reverting briefly to the political career of Senator Clark, 
 it may be said that at the opening of the state campaign 
 in igoo it was at once evident that his candidacy for the 
 United States Senate was to be the principal issue. Cer- 
 tain well-known and strong corporate interests threw 
 large sums of money into the state, ostensibly for the 
 defeat of the Democratic state ticket, but in reality to 
 defeat his senatorial aspiration. Newspapers were es- 
 tablished, and others founded, enlarged and improved. 
 In the equipping of these extensive plants, and for their 
 editorial supervision, immense sums were expended, the 
 while there was established in Butte an extensive art 
 plant, apparently for the sole purpose of supplying poli- 
 tical caricature directed against him. His personality 
 was the target for every possible projectile to be thrown 
 by his powerful antagonists, but they found in him a 
 foeman more than worthy of their steel, and the result 
 of the election was a sweeping Democratic victory’ — a 
 most flattering vindication of Mr. Clark in connection 
 with the action of the United States Senate following 
 his election to that body in 1898. The election of Mr. 
 Clark was practically settled on the night of November 
 6, 1900, when the votes were counted throughout the 
 state. On the 7th of January, 1901, the Montana legis- 
 lature assembled. Until the 15th, at which time the 
 formal ballot w’as taken, each house voting separately, 
 the senatorial question w’as the absorbing topic. On 
 January 15th, at noon, the first ballot was taken. The 
 result showed a clear majority of two for Senator Clark,, 
 after the distribution of a number of complimentary bal- 
 lots to other persons. The legislature then adjourned. 
 On the next ballot, at noon of the following day. Senator 
 Clark received the solid vote of his party, fifty-seven to 
 thirty-six, in both houses, for the long term, this being 
 seven more than necessary for his election as successor 
 of the late Senator Thomas H. Carter. This w’as as com- 
 plete a vindication as was ever accorded anywhere to any 
 man, and it remains a source of profound gratification to 
 Senator Clark. He entered upon his official duties as 
 -senator on the 4th of March. 1901, and by his demo';atic 
 and affable manner, his familiarity with state and national 
 issues, and his ability as a dialectician and orator, he 
 added materially to his prestige as one of the national 
 leaders of the Democratic Party. He retired from the 
 senate on the 4th March, 1907, and though he has now 
 passed the psalmist's span of three score years and ten, 
 the years rest lightly upon him, and he has the vitality 
 and alertness of a man many years his junior. He main- 
 tains a close personal supervision of his vast interests, 
 and shows no diminution of his marvellous business 
 pow’ers, his mental and physical strength, being the re- 
 sult of right living and of constant touch w’ith the 
 activities of life. 
 
 From many other pleasing and consistent estimates 
 the one here presented is considered worthy or reproduc- 
 tion : — 
 
 “Mr. Clark, though an unusually active man in the 
 supervising of his great and diversified interests, has 
 found tim.e for the gratification of various other dominat- 
 
860 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ing instincts — artistic, scholastic, social and political 
 activities having- their (|uota of time and thought. He is 
 a gentleman almost delicate in appearance, refined and 
 cultured, capable of versatile conversation on subjects 
 (if wide range. Whether as a humble wage-earner, as a 
 man of growing means and larger ideas, or as a giant 
 in the mining world, he has ever been the same frank, 
 courteous gentleman, easy of approach, considerate of 
 the feelings of others, and always ready to lend his gen- 
 erotis aid and kindl_\- counsel in connection with move- 
 ments which promised good for the state or the people 
 thereof." 
 
 Iti .March, 1869, was solemnized the marriage of Sena- 
 tor Clark to Miss Kate L. StaufYer, a most gracious and 
 accomplished young woman, whose home, at the time, 
 was in Conticllsville, Pennsylvania. Mr. Clark and this 
 young lady were school children together in their child- 
 hood years. On their wedding-day, the young couple set 
 forth for their home in the territory of Montana, going 
 by rail to the western terminus of the Union Pacific 
 Railroad Company, which was then near Ogden, Utah, 
 b'rom this point, they went by stage-coach, which required 
 five days’ constant travel day and night. They arrived at 
 Helena, which was to be their home for a time, and on 
 the 25th day of January of the following year, their first 
 child was born — Mary Joaquina Clark. After their re- 
 moval to Deer Lodge, four other children were born to 
 them, and their youngest child, Francis Paul, was born 
 in the year t88o, in the city of Paris, France, where the 
 family resided during three years, in order that the 
 children might receive educational training in the French 
 language, as they did later in Germany, where they 
 passed two years in the city of Dresden, Sa.xony. During 
 these five years. Senator Clark passed his winters in 
 Europe, and he and his family travelled extensively there, 
 besides visiting portions of Asia and .A.frica. Mary, the 
 eldest of the children, is now the wife of Charles Potter 
 Kling, a representative lawyer of New York City; the 
 eldest son, Charles Walker, was graduated in Yale Uni- 
 versity, where he also took a course in mineralogy, and 
 metallurgy, in the year 1893, and he now resides in San 
 Mateo, California, but is closely associated with his 
 father in extensive mining interests. He married Miss 
 Katherine Roberts, of Helena, Montana, who died a few 
 years afterwards, and, in the year following her death, 
 he was married to Miss Celia Tobin, of San Francisco. 
 Katherine L. is the wife of Dr. Lewis R. Morris, who is 
 engaged in the practice of his profession in New York. 
 Jessie, twin-sister of Katherine L., died at Deer Lodge 
 in .April, 18S8, at the age of three years. William .A., 
 Junior, graduated in the Law Department of the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia, and practiced his profession for 
 several years in Alontana, but is now engaged in ex- 
 tensive mining operations in association with his father. 
 He is now a resident of Los .Angeles, California. He 
 married Aliss Mabel Foster, of Butte, who died soon 
 after the birth of their first child, William A. Clark, 
 Third, and several years afterwards he was married to 
 Mrs. .Alice Aledin, of Sacramento, California. Francis 
 Paul, youngest of the children, died at the age of sixteen 
 years. Reference has herein above been niade to him, 
 and the memorial constructed to perpetuate his memory. 
 I he devoted wife and mother, Mrs. Katherine L. 
 (Stauffer) Clark, was summoned to the life eternal in 
 New A'ork City, on the 19th day of October, 1893, having 
 only a few days previously been infected with the deadly 
 germs of typhoid fever, at the International Exhibition 
 at Chicago. Her memory is revered by all who came 
 within the sphere of her gracious and gentle influence. 
 
 On the 2ist day of May, 1901, Senator Clark contracted 
 a second marriage, having then been united to Miss Anna 
 E. Lachapelle, whose parents, of Canadian origin, lived 
 for many years at Butte, Montana. Her father, an able 
 physician, with a very promising future, while yet a 
 young man, died of heart-disease, and Senator Clark, a 
 warm friend of the family, recognizing the remarkable 
 talent of the daughter for music, sent her to Paris to be 
 educated. She was a pupil of the great harpist Hassel- 
 mans, at the Conservatoire of Music, at Paris, for several 
 years, and acquired wonderful proficiency on the harp. 
 To them has been born two children, Wilhehnina 
 -Andree, in 1902, and Huguette Marcelle, in 1906. Both 
 of these children have inherited the musical ability of the 
 mother, and having lived abroad until recently, have 
 acquired a knowledge of the French and other languages, 
 and have recently learnt the English language. 
 
 The above is a brief record of some of the most im- 
 portant events and achievements in the active life of a 
 notable Montana pioneer. 
 
 Hon. Lee Mantle. The name of Hon. Lee Mantle, 
 of Butte, Montana, former United States senator from 
 this state, has been inseparably identified with the his- 
 tory of Montana from early territorial times, and 
 through the days to come there will be accorded him 
 a tribute of honor as a man of dominant force and 
 integrity, and as one who has contributed in no small 
 measure to the progress and prosperity of the state, 
 more especially with that rock-ribbed part which is 
 rich beyond compare with its wea'th of hidden min- 
 erals. 
 
 Lee Alantle was born in the great manufacturing 
 city of Birmingham, England, December 13, 1853, and 
 is a son of Joseph Mantle, who died shortly before 
 his birth, and his wife, Mary Susan (Patrick) Man- 
 tle, who had si.x other children. To be left a widow 
 with narrow means and seven young childi m to rear 
 alone was a future heavy with responsibility nd only 
 a woman of unusual force of character ana innate 
 courage could have so calmly and resolutely a.-'-epted 
 conditions and through resourcefulness and expedients 
 known only to herself have guided the little flock 
 through the ten succeding years. Their future became 
 her main thought and it was in the hope of finding a 
 wider field of opportunity for them that she severed 
 old ties and embarked with them for America. The 
 long voyage was safely accomplished, and the still 
 longer journey from New York to Salt Lake City, 
 Utah, and there she remained for some years, finding 
 not only work for her children, but also employment 
 for herself. But in compensation for the hardships 
 she then endured, the time came later when life was 
 not only made easy for her, but when every comfort 
 was hers, and in closing her record it is not out of 
 place to refer feelingly to the devotion of her youngest 
 son. Early in life he willingly assumed every responsi- 
 bility in her behalf and as long as she lived his first 
 thought and greatest care was for her happiness, and 
 in his later achievements it was to her he carried his 
 laurels. In the beautiful residence he erected at Butte, 
 Montana, he installed this beloved mother as the head 
 of his home, and here it was his delight to anticipate 
 her every wish. Together they lived in the closest 
 affection, and when, in old age, she passed peacefully 
 away in February, igoi, at the age of eighty-nine years, 
 this devoted son was at her bedside, tenderly minister- 
 ing to her the last, the busy world of affairs, upon 
 which he had made his impress, entirely forgotten. 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 861 
 
 During the first two years after reaching Salt Lake 
 City, Lee Mantle worked at herding cattle for his board 
 and clothes, and during the two following years he 
 felt himself fortunate in not only receiving food and 
 raiment for his labor, but also a salary amounting 
 to fifty dollars annually. He thus reached his sixteenth 
 j'ear, strong, sturdy and ambitious, typical of the devel- 
 opment which came later. About this time he secured 
 work on the L^nion Pacific Railway, hauling ties for 
 this great transportation line that was then being con- 
 structed in L^tah to Promontory Point, where on ilay lo, 
 1869. it joined the Central Pacific Line, and where from 
 his team of mules he saw the meeting of the first trains 
 from the east and the west and the distinguished guests 
 who were brought from the Atlantic and the Pacific to 
 witness the historic event of the driving of the last spike. 
 On the completion of the railroad, finding no employ- 
 ment at home, he decided to go to Malad City, Idaho, 
 and although the place was one hundred and twenty 
 miles away, he had such supreme faith in his own 
 capacity and such determination to advance his for- 
 tunes, that he packed his possessions and started wuth 
 them on his back, walking the entire distance. 
 
 When, footsore and weary, he reached IMalad City, 
 Idaho, he entered the employ of Hon. B. F. White, 
 who subsequently became governor of ^Montana, and 
 was engaged as a teamster hauling salt by ox team 
 from Mr. Wliite's salt works in eastern Idaho to 
 Boise City, Idaho, and to Virginia City, Montana, re- 
 maining in Governor White's employ two seasons. 
 The acquaintance thus begun in the relation of em- 
 ployer and employe between the ragged and almost 
 barefooted boy and the .governor to be, ripened later 
 into a close friendship which has lasted unbroken for 
 more than forty years. 
 
 A pleasant, winning manner even then enabled him 
 to make friends readily, and it was while spending 
 the second winter in Malad, waiting for the season 
 to open, that he became acquainted with the telegraph 
 operator there, W. N. Shilling. At that time neither 
 the names nor the personalities of either Mr. Mantle 
 or Mr. Shilling were of much interest to anyone out- 
 side their own families, but the time came when j\Ir, 
 Shilling became a factor in the financial world at 
 Ogden, Utah, and Mr. Mantle’s name carried weight 
 in the greatest legislative body in the world. Having 
 nothing else to do, the youth concluded it would be 
 a wise measure to learn the art of telegraphy from his 
 new friend, while the latter was glad to teach him 
 in payment for having the line along his route kept 
 in order during the winter season. Mr. Mantle was 
 an apt pupil and rapidly acquired a knowledge of the 
 work, faithfully living up to his bargain to keep the 
 telegraph line in good condition. So well had his 
 work been done that in the spring he was tendered 
 the position, and gladly accepted it, of general re- 
 pairer on the main lines of the Western Union Tele- 
 graph Company between Ogden and Green River, 
 along the Union Pacific Railway. In 1872 he was 
 
 appointed telegraph operator at Pleasant Valley, Ida- 
 ho, just across the Montana line, on the old overland 
 stage line, where he remained five years, becoming 
 station agent, postmaster and part owner of the toll- 
 road. It was during this period and in this isolated 
 spot that he first found an opportunity for reading, 
 which he eagerly improved, and it was here also that 
 he first met many of the most famous of the early 
 Montana pioneers on their stage journeys to and from 
 the east. In 1877 he came to Butte and opened the 
 
 express office of Wells, Fargo & Company, and 
 within two years he was also in charge of the first 
 telegraph office in the city, and also established the 
 first fire insurance agency. Subsequent!}-, in partner- 
 ship with William Owsley, who later was elected 
 mayor of this city, he embarked in the livery business, 
 and in looking after the interests of this enterprise, 
 built up his somewhat shattered health. 
 
 Mr. Mantle was one of the earliest agitators for the 
 incorporation of Butte as a city, and when this meas- 
 ure was brought about, in the face of violent opposi- 
 tion, was elected a member of its first board of aider- 
 men. The principles and policies of the Republican 
 party had appealed to him when manhood dawned, 
 and after the organization of Butte as a city, he was 
 the first to formulate a plan and put it into execu- 
 tion for the establishment of a daily Republican news- 
 paper here, and thus came about the founding of the 
 Daily Inter-Mountain, which he managed and directed 
 for twenty years, eventually becoming its sole owner. 
 
 Although already a factor in local politics, it was 
 not until 1882 that he came prominently before the 
 public and was elected a member of the lower house 
 of the territorial legislature, and two years later he 
 was chosen as a delegate to the Republican national 
 convention, instructed for George F. Edmunds, while 
 his colleague. Col. Wilbur F. Sanders, was for 
 Hon. James G. Blaine. In the autumn of 1884 IMr. 
 iMantle was a second time nominated for the legisla- 
 ture, but was defeated, although by a small vote, 
 from an honorable cause, having refused to pledge 
 himself against interfering with the gambling inter- 
 ests. His popularity at this time was such that in 
 1885, when Governor Crosby became assistant post- 
 master-general in tbe cabinet of President Arthur, 
 there was great pressure brought to bear to have Mr. 
 Mantle appointed to. fill the vacancy, but in the mean- 
 while a sectional feeling had been aroused between 
 the eastern and western parts of the then territory, 
 and a citizen of New York state was appointed. In 
 1886 Mr. Mantle once more returned to the legisla- 
 ture. where he worked to secure a sound registration 
 law. together with numerous other reformatory enact- 
 ments. In the next year some very important issues 
 came up in public life and Mr. Mantle, through his 
 vigorous fight in favor of just laws, came still again 
 prominentl}" before the people of jMontana. It is not 
 difficult to recall the efforts made by the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad in 1887 to secure from the govern- 
 ment of the United States patents to immense tracts 
 of valuable mineral land in Montana which the com- 
 pany claimed under its land grant, and of the natural 
 indignation of the people at large over this attempt. 
 A mass convention was held at Helena and the Mon- 
 tana Mineral Land Association was organized to pro- 
 tect the public interests. Mr. Mantle was chosen 
 permanent president of this body and it was largely 
 through his determined efforts, aided by other patriotic 
 Montanians, that the issuing of patents was suspended 
 and the matter brought before congress and remedial 
 legislation secured which resulted in saving vast areas 
 of valuable mineral lands to tbe people. 
 
 Once more returned to the general assembly in 1888, 
 Mr. -Mantle was accorded the signal honor of being 
 elected speaker, and during that last territorial legis- 
 lature many important measures came before the house 
 and invaluable laws were passed, included in these 
 being one for a registration of voters, another provid- 
 ing for the Australian system of balloting, a mechan- 
 
862 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ic’s lien law and the mine inspection law. In the fall 
 of 1888 Mr. Mantle placed Hon. Thomas H. Carter 
 in nomination at the territorial convention for delegate 
 in congress and was conspicuous in the campaign 
 which resulted in Mr. Carter's election. In 1^9 
 Montana became a state and in the legislative session 
 following Mr. Alantle became a candidate for the 
 United States senate, but was defeated by Hon. Thomas 
 C. Power, who won the nomination in the caucus 
 by two votes. Mr. Power had been the Republican 
 candidate for governor and was defeated. Mr. IMan- 
 tle kept in harness, however, and was continually at 
 work for the success of his party without regard to 
 his own personal advancement, frequently serving as 
 chairman of state conventions and delegate to national 
 conventions, being chosen three times chairman of the 
 state Republican central committee, each time lead- 
 ing the party to success. In 1892 Butte honored Mr. 
 Mantle by electing him mayor of the city by a great 
 majority. His administration of municipal affairs 
 marked a new era for Butte, and many general im- 
 provements were brought to a successful conclusion. 
 The present fine public library is an example. 
 
 In 1893 came the well remembered deadlock over 
 the election of a United States senator. In the Repub- 
 lican caucus former Senator Wilbur F. Sanders was 
 nominated for a second term over Mr. Mantle by 
 just one vote and after three weeks of fruitless ballot- 
 ing his name was withdrawn, Mr. Mantle receiving 
 ‘he vote of his party until the session closed without 
 an election. When Senator Sanders’ term of office 
 expired, Mr. iMantle was appointed by Governor Rich- 
 ards to fill the vacancy; the senate, however, refused 
 to seat him on purely technical constitutional grounds. 
 For two years the seat remained vacant. The next 
 legislature, being Republican, at once elected Mr. Man- 
 tle United States senator. For this high position Mr. 
 Mantle was well equipped, possessing ability, dignity, 
 poise and strength, and he took his place in the great- 
 est deliberative body in the world, not as a neophyte, 
 but as a seasoned statesman who had already won 
 public honors and knew how to wear them. In the 
 senate of the United States, as elsewhere, his sturdy 
 integrity, his firm convictions of right and justice, his 
 pure patriotism and personal independence, won for 
 him the confidence and esteem of the senate and gave 
 weight to his opinions. While called on to consider 
 matters of the gravest moment to this country at large, 
 he never forgot the needs of his own state and its 
 people, holding himself ever ready to stand up in 
 defense of their rights. 
 
 As a public speaker Mr. iMantle has always been 
 popular and effective, his services in this particular 
 being always greatly in demand, and especially so dur- 
 ing political campaigns. 
 
 During his senatorial term he served on numerous 
 important committees and was also appointed a mem- 
 ber of the National Industrial Commission, composed 
 of men representing various shades of political thought, 
 the object being to make a thorough examination into 
 the labor and other economic questions in the United 
 States, a final report being then made to congress. 
 The term, of this committee extended three years be- 
 yond his senatorial term, and when the latter expired, 
 on account of the pressure of private concerns, he 
 felt obliged to retire from the commission. When 
 he returned to Montana he found his friends still 
 active in his behalf and in the legislative session of 
 1901 he was again caucus nominee of the Republican 
 
 party. The legislature, however, was Democratic, and 
 Mr. jMantle was not elected. 
 
 In the political campaign of 1905 Mr. Mantle was 
 again a candidate for the United States senate. His 
 own county of Silver Bow, which was always regarded 
 as a stronghold of Democracy, elected eleven of the 
 twelve candidates for the legislature, who were 
 pledged by the Republican convention which nomi- 
 nated them to give him their loyal support. Public 
 sentiment was largely in his favor and when the polls 
 closed on election day there seemed no doubt but 
 that he had won the coveted honor throughout the 
 state. However, powerful influences were opposed to 
 him and sought his defeat which was finally accom- 
 plished by unfair and dishonorable means ; means 
 which were exposed and made public during the ex- 
 citing presidential campaign for delegates to the 
 national Republican convention in 1912 over the sig- 
 nature of a well known state senator from western 
 Montana who had led the fight in behalf of his oppon- 
 ent. 
 
 In 1903, the Montana legislature having failed to 
 make an appropriation to enable the state to be repre- 
 sented at the great Louisiana Purchase Exposition to 
 be held at St. Louis, Governor J. K. Toole appointed 
 a committee of fifteen prominent citizens to secure 
 funds by private subscription. This committtee met 
 and elected Mr. Mantle chairman and resolved that 
 in order to clothe it with the proper dignity and author- 
 ity, the commission should be created by the legis- 
 lature and the expense borne by the state. Mr. Mantle 
 succeeded in bringing the legislature together (extra 
 session) under an agreement that the members would 
 serve without compensation. A law, framed by him, 
 was immediately passed creating a commission of fif- 
 teen members to be known as the “Montana World’s 
 Fair Commission" and the sum of $50,000 appropriated. 
 The commission elected him its president and chair- 
 man of its executive committee and gave him full con- 
 trol and direction of its affairs. Other plans were set 
 afloat and additional funds secured, with the result 
 that the state was magnificently represented at this, 
 the greatest exposition ever witnessed, as well as at 
 the Portland, Oregon, Exposition, the following year. 
 The members of this commission refused to take a dol- 
 lar for their time, trouble or personal expenses, and 
 with their final report to the governor of the state 
 turned back into the state treasury over $800 of un- 
 expended funds. 
 
 Nothing, perhaps, could more forcibly emphasize the 
 sterling character Mr. Mantle has built for himself 
 among the people of this commonwealth than the fact 
 that after more than a third of a century of active 
 participation in the stress and strife of partisan politi- 
 cal warfare, with all its fierce rivalries and jealousies ; 
 after having often been subjected to the heat and glare 
 of hostile criticism which ever follows the successful 
 man in public life, and after all the competitions 
 and conflicts of interest, unavoidable in the rush and 
 clash of the business world, no man in Montana today 
 stands higher in the confidence and esteem of his 
 fellow citizens than he. Go where you will in his 
 home state and you will hear men speak of him only 
 in terms of praise and commendation, both for his 
 recognized abilities and for his high personal character. 
 
 In common with a very large majority of successful 
 Americans who have risen to prominence in any 
 branch of worthy human effort. Mr. Mantle was 
 denied the advantage of an education in his earlv 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I..4I 
 
 Vi 
 
 
 »r 
 
 1-9 
 
 ■.’t- 
 
 J- 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 863 
 
 youth and was necessarily compelled to supply this 
 deficiency as best he could with the limited opportu- 
 nities and under the adverse conditions which sur- 
 rounded him in later years. However, his untiring 
 industry and perseverance, combined with natural abil- 
 ities of a high order, enabled him to overcome to a 
 most creditable degree these disadvantages, so much 
 so, indeed, that many of his public addresses have 
 commanded approval and admiration, both for their 
 eloquence and their subject matter. His maiden 
 speech in the United States senate was a forceful and 
 convincing defense of the people of the west, among 
 whom his life has been passed, against the unjust 
 aspersions of some of the press and the people of the 
 east, including the then president of the United States. 
 This speech was universally complimented and en- 
 dorsed by the press and the people of the west. An- 
 other address of Mr. Mantle’s most highly commended 
 upon every hand was the one delivered at the memo- 
 rial services held in honor of the late Senator Thomas 
 H. Carter at Helena. It was an earnest, eloquent and 
 sincere tribute to the splendid character and great life 
 work of his former colleague and friend. By much 
 of the editorial comment it was pronounced a classic 
 and worthy of preservation in the historical archives 
 of the state. 
 
 Aside from his more than thirty years of continu- 
 ous activity in affairs political and in public life, 
 Mr. Mantle has been a very busy man, having numer- 
 ous interests running in many directions. For twenty 
 years he managed and directed the business and poli- 
 cies of his paper, the Daily Inter -Mountain, until he 
 sold it in igoi. He has ever been regarded as a pub- 
 lic spirited citizen wielding a strong influence and 
 taking an active interest in all that pertained to the 
 welfare of his home city and state, and ever ready to 
 extend sympathy and encouragement to those who, like 
 himself, found the earlier stages of life’s journey fllled 
 with obstacles well nigh insurmountable. 
 
 Mr. Mantle’s host of friends all over the state are 
 at this writing (June, 1912) urging him to again enter 
 the contest for United States senator in the coming 
 campaign, and should he do so there are thousands 
 who will strive earnestly to correct the grave injustice 
 done him five years ago by methods shameful in their 
 character. 
 
 Mr. Mantle still retains his home in Butte, where he 
 has resided for thirty-five years. He enjoys good 
 health and is actively concerned in all life’s duties and 
 responsibilities. He is social and agreeable by nature, 
 a welcome guest on all occasions and enjoys the con- 
 fidence and good will of a host of friends in every 
 section of the Treasure state. Fraternally he is asso- 
 ciated with the Masons, the Odd Fellows, the Elks and 
 the Knights of Pythias, having been the first grand 
 chancellor of the latter organization in Montana. 
 
 Thomas C. Witherspoon-, M. D. Engaged in the 
 practice of his profession in the city of Butte, the 
 metropolis of Montana, Dr. Witherspoon holds secure 
 prestige as one of the distinguished physicians and sur- 
 geons of this state and is also a citizen of prominence 
 and influence, — broad minded, loyal and progressive in 
 his civic attitude. He is a scion in the agnatic line of 
 stanch Scotch ancestry and a representative of one of 
 the old and patrician families of the south, where the 
 original representative of the name settled about two 
 centuries ago, upon his immigration from the north of 
 Ireland, in which section the family was established up- 
 
 on removing from Scotland in the seventeenth century, 
 on account of religious persecutions. The sterling 
 ancestor of Dr. Witherspoon finally removed from his 
 original location in South Carolina to Tennessee, and 
 his cousin, John Witherspoon, was a signer of that im- 
 mortal document, the Declaration of Independence. 
 They were Scotch Presbyterians of the strictest type, 
 and from the time of the historic character, John Knox, 
 the family has given in the various generations many 
 representatives to the ministerial and medical pro- 
 fessions. William Conner, maternal grandfather of Dr. 
 Witherspoon, was of stanch Irish lineage and was an 
 early settler in Mississippi, where was solemnized his 
 marriage to a daughter of Dr. John Gustin. The grand- 
 mother was born in Pennsylvania and was a child at 
 the time when the family removed to Mississippi, the 
 journey being made by carriage to St. Louis and thence 
 on a raft down the Mississippi river to Natchez, Mis- 
 sissippi, where she was reared and educated and where 
 she was wedded to William Conner. The Gustin family 
 is of French lineage, and Dr. James Gustin was one of 
 the prominent pioneer physicians of the state of Con- 
 necticut. Dr. Witherspoon has records that give data 
 concerning the maternal ancestry as far back as 
 Robert Bruce, from whom he is a lineal descendent. It 
 may also be noted at this juncture that the Doctor has 
 in his possession a highly prized family heirloom, the 
 same being a family bible issued in the tenth century 
 and written in an abbreviated Latin text. It was writ- 
 ten by a Catholic monk who resided in Cornwall, Eng- 
 land, and who devoted forty years to the preparation 
 of this most interesting and valuable volume. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Casey Witherspoon was born in the city 
 of Natchez, Mississippi, on the 25th of Majq 1868, and 
 is a son of Thomas Casey Witherspoon, Sr., and Mary 
 A. D. (Conner) Witherspoon, the former a native of 
 Alabama and the latter of Mississippi. Prior to the 
 Civil war the family was one of wealth and prominence 
 in Mississippi, but it suffered to the full the vicissitudes 
 incidental to that great conflict, and its fortune was 
 swept away. The father of the Doctor was a prosperous 
 planter and cotton broker in Mississippi and continued 
 to be identified with the cotton business until his final 
 retirement. Now venerable in years, he resides in the 
 city of Los Angeles, California. They are folk of gentle 
 breeding and most gracious characteristics, and they 
 have ever held secure place in the affectionate regard for 
 those who have come within the immediate sphere of 
 their influence. They hold membership in the Presby- 
 terian church and the father has ever been a stanch 
 Democrat in his political allegiance. Of the four chil- 
 dren, the two daughters died in early childhood, and the 
 younger of the two sons, William Conner Witherspoon, 
 is now engaged in the wholesale tea, coffee and spice 
 business in the city of St. Louis, Missouri. 
 
 The early educational discipline of Dr. Witherspoon 
 was obtained in private schools in his native city, and 
 when he was about eleven years of age the family re- 
 moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where he availed himself 
 of the advantages of the public schools, including the 
 high school in which he was graduated. He next en- 
 tered the St. Louis College of Pharmacy, in which he 
 was graduated in 1887. This technical training spurred 
 his ambition to prepare himself for the medical profes- 
 sion, and he accordingly was matriculated in the Mis- 
 souri Medical College, in which excellent institution he 
 was graduated as a member of the class of 1889, from 
 which he received his well earned degree of Doctor 
 of Medicine. In all examinations during his prosecu- 
 
864 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 tion of the course in the medical college he received a 
 uniform award of one hundred per cent, — an excep- 
 tional and enviable record which showed not only his 
 fine powers of assimilation, but also his earnest applica- 
 tion to his studies and other incidental work. In recog- 
 nition of this precedence the faculty of the college pre- 
 sented him with a fine gold medal, appropriately in- 
 scribed. He was the fourth person to receive that dis- 
 tinction with the existence of the college, which had at 
 that time covered a period of fifty-six years. He has 
 reason to feel proud of the honor thus accorded to him, 
 and his work in the college has typified that which he has 
 accomplished in the practical activities of his profession, 
 of which he has become a distinguished representative, 
 and in which he has gained repute as a man of excep- 
 tional intellectual and technical attainments. 
 
 For several months after his graduation. Dr. Wither- 
 spoon served as interne in the city hospital of St. Louis 
 and in this connection he gained varied and valuable 
 clinical experience. 
 
 In the winter of 1889 Dr. Withersnoon came to Mon- 
 tana and established his residence in the city of Butte, 
 and after being engaged in practice in an individual way 
 for several months he formed a professional partnership 
 with Dr. Charles F. Cooper, with whom he continued 
 to be associated for one year, at the expiration of which 
 the alliance was severed, on account of the impaired 
 health of Dr. Coopel", who went to the Hawaiian islands 
 to recuperate his energies. Thereafter Dr. Witherspoon 
 conducted an individual practice and also a private hos- 
 pital until November, 1893, when he returned to St. 
 Louis, Missouri, whither he had been summoned on ac- 
 count of the death of his wife’s mother. He was en- 
 gaged in practice in that city until November, 1896, and 
 within that period he served as assistant to the chair 
 of anatomy in his alma mater, the Missouri Medical 
 College. In the winter of 1894 he was appointed pro- 
 fessor of G. U. surgery in the Marion Sims Medical 
 College, and in the following year he was the incum- 
 hent of the chair of physiology and clinical surgery in 
 this institution. 
 
 In November, 1906, Dr. Witherspoon returned to 
 Butte, where he has since been continuously associated 
 with Dr. H. D. Kister in a general practice, which has 
 become one of broad and representative scope. In 
 .-\pril, 1907, he also formed a business and professional 
 alliance with Drs. T. J. Murray, and Donald Campbell, 
 and they are associated in the conducting of the Mur- 
 ray hospital, a private institution which is known as 
 one of the best in the state, the same having the most 
 modern equipment and most attractive of appointments 
 and being a valuable acquisition to the hospital facilities 
 of the Montana metropolis. The hospital is conducted 
 by a corporation formed for the purpose, and of the 
 same Dr. Murray is president; Dr. Campbell, vice presi- 
 dent ; Mr. A. L. Patterson, secretary and treasurer ; and 
 Dr. Witherspoon, chief surgeon. Dr Witherspoon did 
 effective po.st-graduate work in the Missouri Medical 
 College in the winters of 1893 and 1894. In 1897 he 
 was appointed professor of operative and clinical sur- 
 gery in the Marion Sims Medical College, with which 
 he had previously been identified, as already noted 
 in this context. About this time Beaumont Medi- 
 cal College was consolidated with the Marion Sims 
 College, and in 1900 the combined institutions became 
 affiliated with St. Louis University at the medical 
 department of the same. Eight months of that year 
 were passed by Dr. Witherspoon in study and re- 
 search in the leading hospitals and medical colleges of 
 Vienna and Berlin. In 1905 he again went abroad for 
 
 further advanced post-graduate work, and each year 
 visits the leading medical institutions of the eastern 
 states for the purpose of doing research work in various 
 professional lines. Since 1897 he has given speciafi at- 
 tention to the surgical branch of his profession and he 
 is known as one of the most skilled surgeons in Mon- 
 tana, with many fine operations, both major and minor 
 to his credit. ’ 
 
 Dr. Witherspoon is a member of the alumni associa- 
 Missouri Medical College, and also that of 
 the City Hospital of St. Louis. He holds membership in 
 the St. Louis Medical Society, the Silver Bow County 
 Medical Society, the Montana State Medical Society and 
 the American Medical Association. He is also identified 
 with the Western Surgical & Gynecological Society, the 
 Southern Surgical and Gynecological Society and’ the 
 Tri-State Medical Society (Iowa, Illinois and Missouri) 
 and is a life member of the Anglo-American Medical 
 Association of Berlin, Germany, in which he was the 
 fifteenth American physician to be thus honored. He is 
 also a member of the American Association of Anato- 
 mists, and is at the present time (1912) president of the 
 Montana State Medical Society, of which he seryed as 
 vice president in 1911. He is chief medical examiner 
 for the National Life Insurance Company in Montana, 
 and in his home city is a popular member of the follow- 
 ing named and representative organizations : The Sil- 
 ver Bow Club, the Country Club, the Red Rock Club, 
 the Bonita Club, and the University Club. He is spec- 
 ially fond of fishing and hunting and finds his chief di- 
 version and recreation in indulgence in these attractive 
 sports. I hough he has never had any desire to enter 
 the arena of practical politics, as he considers his pro- 
 fession worthy of his unqualified allegiance. Dr. Wither- 
 spoon is essentially progressive and loyal, although non- 
 partisan as a citizen. 
 
 On the 2nd of October, 1890, Dr. Witherspoon was 
 united in marriage to Miss Nina H. Butler, who was 
 born at Dermopolis, Alabama, and is a daughter of 
 Wallace C. Butler, now a resident of St. Louis, and a 
 native of Missouri. Dr. and Mrs. Witherspoon have 
 two children : Thomas, Casey, III, who was born on 
 the 2ist of May, 1893, and Evelyn B. W., born on the 
 5th of September, 1897. 
 
 Senator T. J. Walsh. In the choice of T. J. Walsh 
 as junior United States senator, Montana contributed 
 one of its ablest lawyers and public men to the honors 
 and activities of the larger sphere of national govern- 
 ment. The campaign of Mr. Walsh for the place in 
 the United States senate, with all its attendant results 
 in state politics, is still fresh in the minds of Montana 
 citizens, and affords one of the most interesting and 
 refreshing chapters of state political history. As a 
 member of the senate of the United States, Mr. Walsh, 
 by reason of his profound abilities, his progressive atti- 
 tude, and his thorough training in political life, is cer- 
 tain to become one of the strongest individual factors 
 during the present national administration. 
 
 Senators Walsh entered politics, in a personal sense, 
 only a few years ago, but for more than twenty years 
 has been prominent as a lawyer in Montana and the 
 Northwest. He was born in Wisconsin in June, 1859, 
 and began life as a school teacher — an occupation which 
 has afforded the training and preparation for a great 
 many other men eminent in political and public life. 
 He closed his educational work as principal of the 
 high school at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. While teach- 
 ing he followed a rigid course of private study, and 
 when twenty-two years of age was awarded a life cer- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 865 
 
 tificate after an examination covering all the branches 
 included in the usual college course. He began his law 
 studies in the office of James Anderson, at Manitowoc, 
 Wisconsin, and in 1884 was graduated LL. B. from 
 the university of that state. He began the practice of 
 his profession at Redfield, South Dakota, in partnership 
 with his brother Henry C. Walsh. 
 
 In 1890 Mr. Walsh moved to Helena, Montana, 
 where he developed a business of such proportions that 
 in 1907 he divided its responsibilities with Col. C. B. 
 Nolan, a former attorney general of the state. , The 
 firm of Walsh & Nolan was one of the most prominent 
 and successful legal combinations in the West at the 
 time of Mr. Walsh’s election to the senate. Senator 
 Walsh is identified with a number of land and livestock 
 companies in business in Montana, and also has inter- 
 ests in timber lands and mines. 
 
 Senator Walsh resolutely refused to become a can- 
 didate for any political office until his success in busi- 
 ness and professional life had been firmly established. 
 However, there was never a time since his youth when 
 public affairs did not claim his earnest thought and 
 public questions his close study. He was one of Mon- 
 tana’s delegates to the national Democratic convention 
 at Denver, in 1908, and again at Baltimore, in 1912, 
 serving in each instance on the platform committee 
 and on the sub-committee to which was delegated the 
 actual work of preparing the party's declaration of 
 principles. He was a candidate for Congress in 1906, 
 but the Roosevelt sentiment was strong enough to hold 
 for his opponent, Charles N. Pray, about the normal 
 Republican majority, and he was beaten. However, 
 
 at that time he became a potential candidate for the 
 honors of the United States senatorship, and he led the 
 fight in 1910 against Senator Thomas H. Carter, then 
 one of the leaders in the party in the upper branch of 
 congress. So vigorous was his campaign that, although 
 the Republican candidate for congressman was elected 
 by about five thousand votes, the people returned to 
 a Democratic legislature with a majority of seven votes. 
 Had the usual caucus been held and matters taken their 
 ordinary course, Mr. Walsh would have been elected 
 senator on the first day of the joint session. However, 
 powerful supporters of Senator Carter from beyond 
 the state, including the Amalgamated Copper Company, 
 were able to dissuade enough Democrats from partici- 
 pating in a caucus to defeat the assembling of one. A 
 deadlock ensued, which lasted throughout the entire 
 session. The same interests which used their power to 
 circumvent united action through a caucus had pre- 
 viously prevented the state convention from naming a 
 senatorial candidate lest he should be the nominee. 
 Though two-thirds of the Democratic members of the 
 assembly were favorable to the candidacy of Mr. Walsh, 
 the minority was able to prevent his election. His sup- 
 porters remained firm until the very last day of the 
 session, when, after fruitlessly balloting for more than 
 seven hours, the assembly chose Judge Henry L. Myers. 
 
 For several years Mr. Walsh had persistently advo- 
 cated a primary election law in Montana. Popular 
 demand for such a law exerted a powerful pressure 
 upon the legislature about the time of the senatorial 
 deadlock just mentioned. To appease this popular de- 
 mand, the legislature enacted a makeshift law, designed 
 for the express purpose of thwarting the will of the 
 people. It authorized the state party conventions to 
 nominate candidates for the office of United States 
 senator. It further provided that each candidate for 
 the legislature might, if he saw fit, file an official state- 
 ment, designated in the law as Statement No. i, to 
 the effect that if elected he would vote for the candi- 
 
 date receiving the highest number of votes at the o-en- 
 eral election. In this way the authors of the law helped 
 to again accomplish the defeat of Mr. Walsh, relyino- 
 upon their power and influence to prevent the state con”^ 
 vention from naming him as its preferential candidate 
 These calculations failed, for when the state convention 
 psembled more than half the delegates were bound by 
 instructions from the county conventions favoring him. 
 In this situation no one was proposed against him and 
 he was nominated by acclamation. In the general elec- 
 tion of 1912, Mr. Walsh received the highest vote cast 
 for any candidate on the ticket, and led the senatorial 
 candidate of the Republican party, Henry C. Smith, by 
 about ten thousand votes, and Senator Joseph ’ M 
 Dixon, the Progressive candidate, by about six thou- 
 sand. The sentiment in favor of the election of sena- 
 tors by direct vote of the people being particularly 
 strong in Montana, in view of the repeated scandals 
 that had attended the choice under the old system, every 
 newly elected member of the assembly, save one, was 
 bound by Statement No. i. One-half of the upper 
 house, however, having been elected before the enact- 
 ment of the law providing for such a pledge, were un- 
 constrained except by the moral force of the vote 
 indicating the popular choice. However, the Democrats 
 secured a clear majority in each house, and when the 
 vote was taken every member of the assembly, includ- 
 Democrats, Progressives and Republicans, and one 
 Socialist, responded in favor of Mr. Walsh. 
 
 As this article is published before Mr. Walsh begins 
 his actual career as senator, it is of course impossible 
 to indicate the exact lines of his position as a member 
 of the upper branch of congress with regard to the 
 public questions pressing for solution. However, it is 
 noteworthy that Mr. Walsh has devoted much of his 
 time during the last ten years to the study of public 
 questions, and has formed his conclusions upon the 
 basis of original research. He does not submit his 
 judgment to that of others unless he is well fortified 
 by opinions of his own. In 1911, Senator Walsh de- 
 livered before the Washington State Bar Association 
 a monograph on the recall of judges, an article which 
 was printed as a public document and widely read. 
 He has made a special study of railroad rates and 
 regulations. He holds well defined views on ques- 
 tions of particular interest to the W’est, and his course 
 will be watched with special interest in his attitude 
 with regard to the activities of the government con- 
 cerning the disposition of the public land. He has 
 always favored the pursuit of a policy that would make 
 the public lands of this country as attractive to set- 
 tlers and as inviting to capital as any the Canadian 
 government has to offer. He favors development of 
 the hydro-electric power sites on the public domain, 
 with proper safeguards against monopoly, and at the 
 same time he is opposed to the leasing system, pro- 
 posed by many students of the question, since he 
 believes that the rents derived by the government from 
 such a source would in the end simply be a tax on the 
 people of the locality in which the power is used. 
 
 Senator' Walsh is a man of splendid earnestness and 
 of incorruptible integrity. For this reason the people 
 of Montana may feel that their own interests, as well 
 as those of the nation, are entrusted wisely, so far as 
 he has control over them. As affording some addi- 
 tional information concerning his ability and his atti- 
 tude towards larger public affairs, there may be re- 
 called some of his prominent activities as a lawyer 
 within recent years. As counsel in a suit prosecuted 
 in that state several years ago, Mr. Walsh is credited 
 
86(3 
 
 illSTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 witli liaviiig' dealt a vital blow to trusts organized 
 under the New Jersey laws. The articles of the cor- 
 poration involved and its by-laws were framed so as 
 to deny the minority stockholders an opportunity to 
 inspect the corporation books. Only by consent of the 
 board of directors, or by a vote of the stockholders in 
 regular session, could the books be inspected. Mr. 
 Walsh contended, and succeeded in establishing, that 
 this was in contravention of the spirit of the New 
 Jersey law, which, although not expressly so providing, 
 he insisted gave to every stockholder tlie right at all 
 reasonable times to inspect the books. 
 
 .'\bout the same time Mr. Walsh was special counsel 
 for the government in a case which restored to the 
 public domain in Montana coal lands worth several 
 hundred thousand dollars. Valuable as was the de- 
 cision in this case to :Uontana, it was more important 
 as oi)ening a wav by which the government has since 
 been able to secure the restoration of thousands of 
 acres of valuable lands elsewhere. The Northern 
 Pacific had acquired the IMontana coal land in lieu of 
 worthless land relinquished by it in the iMount Rainier 
 National Park, under an act of congress permitting 
 the selection of agricultural lands in lieu of those sur- 
 rendered. It asserted, however, that by reason of the 
 peculiar wording of the act the classification made by 
 the surveyor was a final determination of its character, 
 'file question had been passed upon previously by the 
 general land office and by Secretary of the Interior. 
 Mr. Hitchcock, who had sustained the contention of 
 the railroad that the classification itself was conclusive 
 evidence of the character of the land, and that the 
 determination so made could not be overturned The 
 view taken by Mr. W'alsh was sustained and the patents 
 to the railroad company annulled. 
 
 Mrs. Wffilsh is prominent in club affairs of the state 
 and has been the president of the Montana Federation 
 of W^’ornen’s Clubs. She has always taken an active 
 interest in various civic organizations in Helena and 
 in humanitarian work. Mr. and Mrs, Walsh have one 
 daughter, who is a graduate of Vassal College. 
 
 Gottfried R. M. Stritzel. About twenty years ago a 
 young German about eighteen years old, came to Amer- 
 ica, a stranger, without capital and on application for 
 work to the office of the German Consul at Montreal, 
 received same in the capacity of water boy at ninety 
 cents a day in the McLaughlin Lumber Co.’s yard at 
 Arnprior, Ontario, Canada. 
 
 Industry, the ability to adapt himself to circumstances, 
 good business judgment and enterprise have since made 
 this German-American a wealthy and influential citi- 
 zen and today iMr. G. R. M. Stritzel is one of the 
 wealthy residents of northwest Montana and controls 
 a large share of the commercial enterprise of the town 
 of Poison, which has been his home since 1908, the 
 year before this reservation was opened to settlement. 
 Mr. G. R. M. Stritzel. who was the third of six children, 
 born in Blindgallen, East Prussia, Germany, on August 
 9, 1875, attended the German Gymnasium School until 
 he was fourteen years and seven months old /and then 
 began an apprenticeship in a very large mercantile estab- 
 lishment, at which he served four years. At the end 
 of that time he set out for the new world, having dur- 
 ing this period of time gathered very valuable experi- 
 ence, but leaving without friends, influence and capital, 
 and also having a rather inadequate knowledge cf the 
 language spoken in America he arrived at Montreal on 
 June 19, 1893, and began at Arnprior, Ontario, Canada, 
 his practical career in the manner above described, in 
 
 the fall of this year, after having (out of these little 
 wages) saved enough for the expenses of the trip, . || 
 he went west and obtained a position as hardware j 
 clerk in the general merchandise business of Schultz 
 and Hansen at Gretna, in southern Manitoba and in 
 the summer of 1897 with a capital of $230.00 estab- 
 lished at Gnadenthal, a village close to Gretna, a mer- | 
 chandise business of his own. He continued in busi- 
 ness in Manitoba until 1904, when he sold out and ‘ 
 moved to Saskatchewan, starting another business f 
 known under the firm name of the Watson Lumber and [ 
 Trading Co. in the then new town of Watson, on the 
 C. N. Ry. main line, while there he held some public i 
 offices, such as notary public, etc., in connection with 
 business, and in the fall of this year (1904) Mr. Peter O ' 
 Spaberg, then a very ambitious young rancher, ! 
 whose able qualities as a business man are excellent’ 
 entered his employ and has ever since been with the 
 firm, until it sold out and is at this date associated with 
 him in his business enterprises at Poison. 
 
 In July^ 19. Mr. Stritzel transferred his residence 
 and principal activities to Montana and established at 
 Poison the Stritzel-Spaberg Lumber Company. This 
 company incorporated with a paid up capital then of ! 
 $15,000 has the most _ extensive lumber trade in this | 
 part of the state, and is one of the leading concerns in 
 the commercial enterprises of Poison. Mr. Stritzel is 
 president and general manager, and Mr. Spaberg is | 
 vice-president, secretary and treasurer of the company. : 
 
 Mr. Stritzel is vice-president of the Security State 
 Bank at Poison, vice-president of the Flathead Power 
 and Traction Company, a stockholder in the Montana 
 Fire Insurance Company, and has extensive real estate 
 holdings in Poison and in Canada. He is a member of 
 the executive committee of the Poison Chamber of 
 Commerce and belongs to the German Lutheran church. 
 
 In political affairs he is considered Democratic. 
 
 Mr. Stritzel has the finest residence in Poison, built 
 at a cost of fourteen thousand dollars, a modern and 
 attractive home. He was married in Dresden church, 
 near Langdon, North Dakota, March 15, 1898, to Miss’ 
 Lena Schnell, a daughter of Frank Schnell, who is now li 
 a resident of Claresholm in South Alberta, Canada. | 
 
 They are the parents of four children all born in 
 Canada and named as follows : Clara, Albert, Helen 
 and Florence. 
 
 The following few items are taken out of the history i 
 of Mr. Strhzel’s ancestors: Mr. Stritzel’s great-great- 
 great-grandfather, Johann Friedrich Stritzel, a noble- 
 man, was born April 15, 1668, in Kaltwangen, East 
 Prussia; his wife, Christine, was the daughter of a 
 Swedish count, who at the same time was a command- 
 ing general in the army and he died under Karl XII in 
 1698 during the war with Poland. 
 
 The son of this couple, Johann Friedrich, the great- 
 great-grandfather, was born on December 10, 1716. He 
 married Louise von Troshen, and their son Friederich ' 
 Stritzel, great-grandfather of Gottfried R. M. Stritzel 
 was born January 10, 1767. He was a Black Hussar i 
 
 and took a very active part in the Polish war in 1793. i 
 
 On October 10, 1798, he married Maria Bartsch and 
 became manager of the two domains : Alsnienen and ' 
 
 Wolmen, belonging to the Count of Eulenburg, with ; 
 
 headquarters at Schoenbruch. Here he died December 
 10, 1822. Gottfried Stritzel, the youngest of his three 
 children was born April 15, 1812. He served in the 
 Kaiser-Alexander regiment in Berlin and when he left 
 the militia became an art gardener and followed this 
 profession practically until his death, which occurred 
 
‘ - 
 
 Iv 
 
 
 
 't 
 
 
 
 
riy 'j=L.yl 
 
 'IBuylan Jr CH.rc 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 867 
 
 on July 3, 1898, the memorial day, when his son Fried- 
 rich (the father of our subject, Gottfried R. M. Strit- 
 zel) was wounded in the battle of Koeniggraetz, Aus- 
 tria. 
 
 Friedrich Stritzel, who was one of a family of six 
 children, was born April 28, 1843, in Linkehn'en, East 
 Prussia. On October i, 1862, he joined the 8th Com- 
 pany 5th East Prussia Grenadier Regiment No. 41, 
 and retired as underofficer in the Landwehr on Octo- 
 ber I, 1865. On the 15th of February, 1866, he joined 
 the 3d Company of the 2d East Prussia Grenadier Regi- 
 ment No. 3 and fought in the battles of Trautenau, 
 Koeniggraetz and Tabitschau. In 1871 after coming 
 out of the war as an invalid he received a commission 
 as controlleur in the customs office at Blindgallen in 
 which town his son (Jottfried R. M. Stritzel was born. 
 After several advancements Friedrich Stritzel rose to 
 the rank as the superior of the customs office in Kl. 
 Kallweitschen and later in the town of Heilsberg. For 
 serving the German Crown and Fatherland in these dif- 
 ferent ways for about thirty-five years he now receives 
 since October i, 1900, a very substantial Government 
 pension. His wife whose maiden name was Anna Kab- 
 bacher (a Salzburgerin) died on March 22, 1884 (Em- 
 peror William Ps birthday). Of this marriage there 
 were six children, four of whom are still living: Fried- 
 erich, Bertha, Gottfried R. M. and Amanda. 
 
 Nelson Story. The amassing of a great fortune may 
 be the end and aim of many a man’s life, but to gather 
 wealth through business ability and to distribute it 
 wisely and well, has been the ambition of such men as 
 Nelson Story, who is credited with one of the largest 
 individual fortunes in the state of Montana. Few men 
 have impressed themselves more conspicuously on the 
 business development of this state and his influence has 
 also been notable in the founding and fostering of enter- 
 prises devoted to high ideals along the lines of educa- 
 tion and good citizenship. The life of every prominent 
 and successful man of the West has been more or less 
 adventurous, and that of Mr. Story has been no excep- 
 tion. He was born in 1838, in Meigs county, Ohio, and 
 is a son of Ira and Hannah (Gile) Story. The first 
 record of the Story family in New England that has 
 been preserved, relates that one William Story came 
 to the colonies in 1637, from England, and gained per- 
 mission to erect and operate a sawmill. Ira Story was 
 a son of John and Priscilla (Choate) Story, the former 
 a son of John and Hannah Story, a grandson of Deacon 
 Seth Story and a great-grandson of William the settler. 
 Ira Story and his wife were both born in New Hamp- 
 shire and both died in Meigs county, Ohio, the former 
 when aged fifty-six years and the latter at the age of 
 fifty-four years. Their family consisted of four children. 
 
 Nelson Story grew up with the advantages that accrue 
 to a boy who has to toil in the open air, this giving 
 encouragement, perhaps, to an energetic habit of life 
 that has attended Mr. Story throughout his career. Dur- 
 ing this period on the home farm he attended the dis- 
 trict schools and in order to secure further educational 
 training, taught school one term to provide for the 
 same. He attended Ohio State University at Athens, 
 Ohio, for about two years. When his father died he 
 w’as thrown entirely upon his own resources and con- 
 tinued school teaching until he had secured sufficient 
 capital to enable him to reach the West, toward which 
 section he had long been directing his thoughts. In a 
 busy life like that of Mr. Story it would require a volume 
 to justly place before the reader every step in his busi- 
 ness progress and to closely follow the young school 
 
 teacher until fortune began to smile on his efforts and 
 he began to feel sure_ that his judgment had led him 
 anght in directing his steps beyond the Mississippi 
 river. 
 
 _ In the early days of freighting between the Missouri 
 river and the Rocky mountains. Nelson Story took part, 
 and the vivid tales of the adventures of that life still 
 possess a magic charm for the ears of the younger gen- 
 eration. _ In the course of time Mr. Story made invest- 
 ments in California and the territories, his excellent 
 business judgment leading to many profitable purchases, 
 and he personally engaged in placer mining in IMontana 
 as well as in other sections near and remote. While his 
 mining interests increased, he engaged also in lumber- 
 ing and acquired large bodies of land and went exten- 
 sively into the stock business. In 1892, when he sold 
 13,000 head of cattle from his ranch, it was believed to 
 be one of the largest transactions in live stock that had 
 ever been recorded in northwest ranching. Finance has 
 also claimed his attention and he has been president and 
 the largest stockholder in the Gallatin Valley National 
 Bank at Bozeman, IMontana, which city claims him as a 
 resident. In addition to erecting here one of the most 
 palatial private residences along the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad west of St. Paul, IMinnesota, he has built busi- 
 ness blocks along the leading streets, has improved much 
 real estate and has contributed many thousands of dol- 
 lars to churches and schools and to assist both public 
 and private enterprises from which he, personally, reaps 
 but little reward, but these contribute to the general 
 welfare. 
 
 j\Ir. Story was married in early manhood to IMiss 
 Ellen Trent, and seven children were born to them, the 
 four, survivors being: Rose, who is married and the 
 
 mother of three sons and one daughter; Nelson, Jr., who 
 married and has one son and one daughter ; Thomas B., 
 whose family also consists of a son and daughter ; and 
 Walter P., who is a graduate of Shattuck College, Fari- 
 bault, ^Minnesota. IMr. and IMrs. Story have given their 
 children exceptional educational as well as social advan- 
 tages. In addition to the beautiful summer home at 
 Bozeman, Mr. Story and family have an equally attrac- 
 tive one for the winter at Los Angeles, California. The 
 family attend the Episcopal church. Politically Mr. 
 Story has always been a Republican. Personally IMr. 
 Story is kind, genial and approachable and' those who 
 have known him for more than a quarter of a century 
 see no change in his manner with a change in his for- 
 tunes. Fie was hearty and hospitable in his pioneer log 
 cabin and he is equally so to the deserving in his stately 
 homes. The cut of his visitor's coat does not bother 
 him — it’s the honest man beneath it that he welcomes. 
 His life has been such that fidelity and honesty have 
 assumed value to him and he is able to discern true man- 
 liness under a forbidding guise. He may tell of experi- 
 ences in the past which revealed the same to him on 
 many occasions and of times of danger and excitement, 
 of combkts with Indians and struggles with breakers of 
 law and order, but through it all the listener will recog- 
 nize the underlying sense of justice, the wise judgment 
 and the honesty of purpose. In the retrospect Mr. Story 
 can look with pardonable pride over his man}- honor- 
 able achievements and can surely take pleasure in the 
 great esteem in which he is held by his fellow citizens. 
 
 Story of the Man who Hung George Ives 
 
 The hanging of George Ives in 1863, was one of the 
 most exciting events which stirred the new country of 
 that day. Nelson Story, Sr., of Bozeman, is the man 
 
868 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 who took the place of the over-awed sheriff and carried 
 out the stern edicts of the law, and he it is who tells 
 the following story, taken from the Republican Courier 
 of February i6, 1909 : 
 
 (By Nelson Story, Sr.) 
 
 ‘‘Much has already been written concerning events of 
 the early days of Montana and although the general field 
 has been pretty thoroughly covered and the events very 
 correctly narrated, there are still many thrilling inci- 
 dents which occurred but have never been in print. 
 
 “Doctor Beams, Mr. N. P. Langford, and others, have 
 given interesting facts in their accounts of the settle- 
 ment of eastern Idaho, the discovery of gold, and the 
 formation of vigilance committees, etc. 
 
 “The writer was a resident of Summit, Alder Gulch, 
 in the summer of 1863, occupied in the packing of sup- 
 plies and selling them to the miners of the gulch. About 
 the first of December, 1863, a man appeared in Summit. 
 Pie had come from the Bitter Root valley with a wagon- 
 load of potatoes to the Nevada, or Lower Town, some 
 two miles below Virginia City, which he wished to sell. 
 
 “I bought the potatoes, went the following day with 
 my pack outfit, consisting of about fourteen Mexican 
 boros, to the Lower Town, where I arrived about the 
 middle of the afternoon. After depositing my pack 
 outfit in a hay corral I procured my dinner and then 
 went to about the center of the town, then consisting 
 of a row of one-story log buildings upon either side of 
 the one street for a distance, parallel with Alder Gulch, 
 of a quarter of a mile. 
 
 “Plere the trial of Geo. Ives was in progress. He 
 was being tried for the killing of a German by the 
 name of Nicholas Tabault, in the Stinkingwater valley, 
 near the ranch of Rogert Dempsey. 
 
 “The jury consisted of twenty-four members. Colonel 
 Sanders was prosecutor, Robert Hereford acting sheriff. 
 The trial took place in the open, out of doors, in front 
 of log buildings, on the west side of- the street. Benches 
 and logs served as seats; a wagon body for the judge’s 
 stand. Guarding this honorable court some hundred 
 men, with guns in their hands, stood and sat in a circle 
 around the prisoner and jury. 
 
 “About five o’clock the jury retired to a nearby cabin. 
 They were out but a short time. It was fast growing 
 dark. As they took their seats again upon the jury 
 bench, Col. W. F. Sanders immediately stepped forth 
 upon a bench and in a clear tone of voice announced 
 the decision of the jury — which was ‘guilty’ — twenty- 
 three deciding in the affirmative — one dissenting. 
 
 “Sanders spoke for a few minutes about as follows ; 
 ‘The dissenting juror is one of the road agents, beyond 
 all reasonable doubt,’ and advised hanging the prisoner, 
 Ives, immediately. He further said that a move would 
 be made to rescue the prisoner ; that there were many 
 lawless people there and more were assembling. 
 
 “At this time a crowd of spectators numbering several 
 thousand had gathered and before this gathering the 
 attorney defending the prisoner asked that Ives might 
 have time to fix up his business affairs, which was con- 
 sented to. This took up about one hour and by the time 
 he had finished, darkness had set in upon us. it being 
 about seven o’clock. 
 
 “The air was filled with apprenhension and upon hear- 
 ing Sander’s speech and_ warning of rescue, the writer, 
 being fully equipped with pistol and carbine, stepped 
 forth into the guard without being invited, for all the 
 guard were made up of volunteers. Hereford ordered a 
 hollow square to be made around the prisoner, marched 
 us with the prisoner up the road to the east some two 
 hundred yards, then side stepped us to the west into a 
 vacant space about twenty feet square, and between two 
 one-story log buildings. Two logs were extended across 
 from one building to the other forming ridge-poles. 
 From about the center of these logs was suspended a 
 
 rope with noose affixed and a large dry goods box for 
 a drop. 
 
 “We formed in rank upon either side of the open 
 space facing outward to keep the crowd from invading 
 the inclosure. The adjoining buildings were soon cov- 
 ered with people. Hereford put Ives upon the box im- 
 mediately with his hands pinioned behind him, facing 
 east. The writer stood about in the center of the line 
 on the west. At my left shoulder stood Benjamin Eze- 
 kiel, a boarding house keeper for miners in Summit. 
 Upon my right stood a boy not over twenty-one. Some 
 one of the guard asked Ives if he killed the Dutchman. 
 ‘No, I did not,’ he answered. ‘Who did?’ was asked. 
 ‘Alex. Carter,’ he replied. 
 
 “Sheriff Hereford then got upon the big box, adjusted 
 the noose around Ives’ neck, while upon the east build- 
 ing and directly over Hereford’s head, a rescuing party 
 made up of a number of men, stood with their revolvers 
 in their hands making threats. 
 
 “One fellow said that he would shoot the rope off. 
 Another that he would shoot Hereford. One man 
 stepped out upon the two logs as if to carry out his 
 threat. Hereford jumped down from the box, dodged 
 under the projecting gable end of the east building from 
 where he shouted, ‘What do you say boys, shall we hang 
 him?’ No one responded. 
 
 “I took Ezekiel by the right shoulder, gave him the 
 order to take hold of the box upon which Ives stood. 
 Quick as thought we took the box from under Ives and 
 down he came with a crash into the rope. Ezekiel and 
 I stepped back to our places, our guns in our hands 
 cocked, ready for action. 
 
 “The crowd threw themselves upon the ground, fall- 
 ing over each other as they came down, for they feared 
 the guns of the guard who were now much excited. 
 A shot, purposely or accidentally fired, would have 
 caused the guard to shoot into the crowd, although in 
 the darkness they could not have distinguished friend 
 from foe. It was so dark that only well known acquaint- 
 ances could with difficulty apprehend each other close by. 
 
 “The would-be assassins upon the roof of the east 
 cabin quickly disappeared. The crowd melted away. .A 
 doctor was brought in who pronounced Ives dead. When 
 Ives, the day before, was arrested near the ranch of 
 Robert Dempsey, Dempsey and a tall cadaverous look- 
 ing man carrying the name of Long John, were arrested 
 as participants. They were put under guard in a cabin 
 adjoining the place where court proceedings were being 
 held to try Ives. 
 
 “There were several log fires burning. Our guard re- 
 traced their steps to these fires. The rough element, 
 those dissatisfied with the hanging of Ives, were doing 
 some loud talking. An old lawyer filled with booze was 
 leading in denunciations of the hanging. We took him 
 and put him in the improvised jail with Dempsey and 
 Long John. 
 
 “About ten o'clock, one Bill Hunter, who ran a saloon 
 situated on the west side of the street some two hundred 
 yards below our camp fires (said saloon was noted as 
 being the headquarters for the road agents), came out 
 of his front door with hat and coat off and in a loud 
 voice denounced the stranglers who had hung Geo. Ives. 
 
 “With one Impulse to put him in with Dempsey and 
 Long John, a dozen of us started to arrest him — we 
 were on the double quick and got almost upon him 
 before he saw us. Charles Brown was in the lead, I 
 was next. Brown carried a double barreled shot gun 
 and I a carbine (an army affair) which loaded at the 
 breech with fixed ammunition and a large hat cap upon 
 a tube. 
 
 “Hunter sprang for the door of his saloon — Brown 
 grabbing to get hold of him and I bringing up behind 
 Brown in order to assist in case of a catch. Into the 
 saloon through the northwest corner of the building (a 
 log one-story affair somewhat spacious in size) we went. 
 
 The bar was in the southeast corner of the building. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 869 
 
 the stove in about the center of the room. There was a 
 door in the southwest corner of this room leading to an 
 adjoining apartment. This door opened outward and 
 Hunter made for it with Brown reaching for him. As 
 ' Hunter and Brown passed the west end of the bar coun- 
 
 ter, out jumped a man, the bar keeper, his hat and coat 
 off, with a big revolver in his hand pressed close to 
 Brown’s back. I gave him a vigorous thrust with my 
 carbine which brought him to a right about face looking 
 into the muzzle of my gun. I ordered him to give up 
 the pistol. He held up both hands. As I reached to 
 take the pistol my carbine slipped in my left hand and 
 being at full cock my little finger displaced the hat cap. 
 I then drew my revolver. A bystander took the pistol 
 from hi .3 hand. 
 
 “Brown pursued Hunter to the back door and Hunter, 
 after passing through, slammed the door back against 
 Brown. Brown, with one thrust of his double barreled 
 gun knocked the door from its hinges into the next 
 room where there was no light. Brown did not pursue 
 further but turned to see the bar keeper give up his 
 pistol. 
 
 “No less than one hundred people were in the saloon 
 at the time, many of whom were road agents. Brown 
 and I kept our guns presented at the crowd as we 
 backed to the door which had been closed behind us. 
 Brown opened the door as both my hands were full (a 
 gun in one and a pistol in the other) then we stepped 
 out. Our companions had balked at the door and did not 
 come into the saloon. 
 
 “We were obliged to return to the camp fires without 
 our prisoner, but very thankful to return with whole 
 bodies for one slip or mistake or the least bit of hesita- 
 tion on our part would have brought many pistols to 
 bear upon us. We were the aggressors ready to shoot 
 at the first demonstration. 
 
 “Alexander Carter, who killed the Dutchman, and four 
 others, road agents, left for Deer Lodge that night. 
 They were all hung before spring. Bill Hunter was 
 hung that winter near Manhattan, in Gallatin valley. 
 
 “The next day after the execution of Ives, Robert 
 Dempsey and Long John were examined by the court, 
 found innocent of any wrong doing and released. Demp- 
 sey had an Indian woman and family and had been in 
 the country some years. I^png John possessed an In- 
 dian woman and little else m this world’s goods. Sher- 
 iff Robert Hereford was then upwards of fifty years of 
 age. I do not now recall to mind the judge who tried 
 the case against Ives, or the attorney who defended 
 him. 
 
 “At the break of day the following morning after the 
 hanging, I was packing my potatoes for the Summit, 
 some ten miles away, over a trail where one boro fol- 
 lowed another in single file. These events occurred be- 
 fore vigilance committees had been formed. 
 
 “Charles Brown was a portly young German, about 
 twenty-seven years of age, lived in Miles City where he 
 kept a livery for many years after. He died in Klon- 
 dike some seven years ago. 
 
 “Benjamin Ezekiel was a man of about thirty years 
 of age at that time. He merchandized in Helena for 
 years after and died there. 
 
 “Of the hundred or more people in Bill Hunter’s sa- 
 loon the night that Ives was hung those living will rec- 
 ollect the attempt to arrest Hunter. 
 
 “I do not think Hereford ever knew who took the 
 box from under Ives while he (Hereford) was in such 
 fear of his life that he had lost control of himself. 
 
 “After eastern Idaho had been erected from Montana, 
 the first legislature at Bannack voted Hereford five hun- 
 dred dollars for services rendered in hanging Geo. Ives. 
 
 “Ives would have been rescued in less than ten sec- 
 onds if the large dry goods box had not been removed 
 as it was in the moment of excitement and indecision 
 of the sheriff.” 
 
 Ronald Higgins is striving under a cloud that it is 
 difficult to dissipate or overshadow; the cloud of be- 
 ing merely his father’s son when that father was one 
 of the biggest men of his time in the land where he was 
 best known. Christopher P. Higgins was a native son 
 of Irish soil and brought with him to this land the 
 daring and optimism of his countrymen. Leaving 
 Ireland shortly after the great famine of forty-nine 
 and fifty, he immigrated to this country when only a lad 
 of eighteen. His fearlessness and love of adventure 
 drove him almost at once to the west. In 1855 he came 
 to Montana and entered the army that he might join 
 in the campaigns against the Indians. When the In- 
 dians began to realize the strength of their pale-faced 
 brothers and the Great Father at Washington and re- 
 turn to their peaceful lives, Mr. Higgins became one of 
 the first white men to settle in their midst. He estab- 
 lished the first trading post in the Bitter Root valley. 
 It was situated on a point six miles from what is now 
 Missoula and later was moved to the present town 
 site. Mr. Christopher Higgins was thus the actual 
 founder of the thriving city of Alissoula. He first laid 
 out what is now known as the C. P. Higgins addition 
 and later, as the town grew in population, he drew 
 much of the chart of the present city. Naturally, he 
 was one of the largest landholders. His interests grew 
 with those of the great northwest until he became a 
 man of large affairs. He established the first banking 
 house in his home city, the one which is now the First 
 National Bank. Later, he established and conducted 
 in_ his own name the C. P. Higgins Western Bank of 
 IMissoula. Not that the banking business occupied the 
 entire time and energy of Captain Higgins. It was to 
 him only one of his many and varied interests. His 
 mercantile interests were large and growing larger and 
 he was admitted to be one of the cattle kings of the 
 west. 
 
 These heavy responsibilities proved too much even 
 for his Irish courage and ambition. He died in 1889, 
 in the vigor of his manhood. His fifty-five years of con- 
 tinual accomplishment have erected to him a monument 
 of deeds that will make his name remembered so long 
 as Missoula is a city and Montana a freedom-loving 
 state proud of her pioneers and their deeds of prowess. 
 
 Captain Higgins had won in marriage Julia P. Hall, 
 a native daughter of the vast northwest, born at Fort 
 Hall, Idaho. To them were born seven sons and two 
 daughters, three sons and one daughter of whom are 
 still living. Francis G. Higgins former lieutenant- 
 governor of Montana being his oldest son. 
 
 Ronald Higgins was born in Missoula, September 10, 
 1884. He seems to have received from the father whom 
 he was scarcely permitted to know a heritage more 
 important than cattle and lands, an indefatigable energy 
 and a desire to make good in his own name. 
 
 After completing the elementary course in the pub- 
 lic schools of Missoula, he was sent to Philip E.xeter 
 Academy, of Exeter, New Hampshire where he grad- 
 uated in_i904. The following autumn he entered Prince- 
 ton University where he remained for two years a 
 student in the regular collegiate course. While in 
 Princeton, he became a member of the Cannon Club, 
 living in the chapter house and enjoying all sides of 
 university life. 
 
 ^Having chosen the law for his profession, Mr Hig- 
 gins decided to take his legal training in the State 
 University of Michigan, believing the Ann Arbor 
 law school to be equal if not superior to schools of its 
 kind in the universities further east. At least, it is 
 better equipped to meet the needs of the man who in- 
 tends to pursue his practice in the west. In 1909 he 
 completed his legal studies, returned to Montana, was 
 admitted to the bar and located in his home city, Mis- 
 soula. While at the University of Michigan he be- 
 came a member of the Chi Psi fraternity. 
 
 Already his name stands for more than that of a rich 
 
870 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 man’s son. He is active in the Republican politics of 
 the state, a clever campaigner, and a speaker much to 
 he desired. At the general election in 1910 he was 
 given a seat in the legislature — the twelfth legislative 
 assembly of the state of Montana, being the only Re- 
 publican elected from his county. This fall (1912) he 
 was re-elected a member of the legislature. In his polit- 
 ical life he has shown himself to be a thoroughly sane 
 progressive Republican. 
 
 He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective 
 Order of Elks, being at the present time exalted ruler 
 of Hell Gate Lodge No. 383, and a young attorney of 
 unusual promise. As yet he has resisted the claims of 
 matrimony. 
 
 Christopher Power Higgins, the father of Ronald 
 Higgins, was born in Ireland on the sixteenth day of 
 March, 1830. His parents were Christopher and Mary 
 Higgins, themselves natives of the Emerald Isle. 
 
 When eighteen years of age he came to the United 
 States and went immediately to the west. That he 
 might defend his new-found home against the enemies 
 from within as well as from without, he enlisted in 
 the regular army. After five years of active service in 
 the dragoons, he joined Governor Stephens, the famous 
 Indian fighter of the northwest. With him he helped 
 in the orisinal survey of the Northern Pacific. He 
 was with him in fifty-five, when the treaty was drawn 
 u]) with the Nez Perce Indians. This was the treaty 
 which led to the final peace covenant with the Flat 
 Pleads and the Pend d’Oreilles. The following season 
 the party went to Fort Benton, where they negotiated 
 with the Blackfoots. This done, their labors among the 
 red men seemed ended and the little company disbanded 
 at Olympia, Washington. 
 
 In recognition of his services, Mr. Higgins was soon 
 given the commission of captain in the army and 
 ordered to carry on his work of subduing the Indians. 
 Until 1856, he remained in this branch of the service, 
 when he was assigned to the quartermaster's depart- 
 ment. For four years more he served his country, two 
 years of the time acting as government agent at Walla 
 Walla. 
 
 In i860 he resumed his life as a civilian and purchased 
 Mr. Isaac's interest in the mercantile business of 
 Wooden & Isaacs, at Walla Walla. Loading his 
 share of the merchandise on the backs of seventy-five 
 pack animals, he went through Hell Gate canyon and 
 set up in business for himself in the little city of Mis- 
 soula. Plerc, for the remainder of his life, he devoted 
 himself to the upbuildin.g of the town and here his son, 
 Ronald, was born. In sixty-five, he erected one of the 
 first lumher mills of the vicinity and in seventy he 
 built the block that is still known as the “old Higgins 
 wooden block.” In seventy, also, he engaged in the 
 banking business and later, when his bank merged with 
 the First National, he was chosen as president of the 
 corporation. In 1889, he erected the new Higgins 
 block an.'l was arranging to open a new bank on the 
 ground floor when he was called from his life of active 
 service. 
 
 Mr. Higgins had been extensively interested in the 
 raising of cattle and horses as well as in various mining 
 properties. He left a large estate consisting of property 
 in Portland and Seattle as well as considerable real 
 estate in and about Missoula. . 
 
 Fr.xnk pi. Woody. Not the mere quest for adven- 
 ture animated those strongest and best of the pioneers 
 who came to Montana fully half a century ago, but, 
 on the contrary, these men who represented the ele- 
 ment of citizenship through which has been developed 
 and built up this great commonwealth, were prompted 
 by laudable ambition, by definite purpose and to conquer 
 opposing forces. Theirs was the spirit of the empire 
 builder, and in the perspective of years none can deny 
 
 the magnitude and value of their achievement, though 
 to the younger generation of the present day the story 
 of their trials, hardships and perils reads like a romance 
 of pure fiction. Montana must ever owe a debt of 
 honor and gratitude to such pioneers, for they were the 
 ones who laid broad and deep the foundations on which 
 has been reared the magnificent superstructure of a 
 great and opulent commonwealth. Among the pioneers 
 of this type still living in Montana is Judge Frank H. 
 Woody, of Missoula, the judicial center of the county 
 of the same name. He ran the full gamut of experi- 
 ences in connection with life on the western frontier, 
 and few can offer more varied and interesting rem- 
 iniscences concerning conditions and influences of 
 the early days. With the exception of an interim of 
 about three years he has continuously maintained his 
 home in Montana since 1856, and he has witnessed and 
 been an influential factor in the development of the 
 state along both civic and material lines. More than 
 a half-century of residence in Montana, has made him 
 an authority in regard to the details of transition, mak- 
 ing the advancement from the condition of the wild and 
 untrannneled frontier to the present epoch of most 
 advanced social and industrial prosperity. He has long 
 been numbered among the representative members of 
 the bar of Montana, has served in various offices of 
 public trust, including that of district judge in Missoula 
 county, and his life has been ordered upon the highest 
 plane of integrity and honor, so that he has been ac- 
 corded the fullest measure of popular confidence and 
 esteem in the state which has long been his home, and 
 in which he is essentially a representative citizen, as 
 well as a distinguished pioneer. Ever loyal to the best 
 and highest interests of his adopted state, he has gen- 
 erously aided in her struggles and in her triumphant 
 progress, — a man to whom it is specially gratifying to 
 accord recognition in this history of Montana. He is 
 engaged in the active practice of his profession in Mis- 
 soula and is one of the leading members of the bar 
 of this section of the state. 
 
 Judge Woody was born in Chatham county. North 
 Carolina, on the loth of December, 1833, and is a son 
 of Robert and Pyrene (Hargrave) Woody, both of 
 whom passed their entire lives in that state and both 
 of whom were representatives of sterling families 
 founded in the South in the colonial era of our national 
 history. The Woody family was of the staunch old 
 stock representing the Society of Friends in the early 
 history of North Carolina. The father was a man of 
 ability and steadfast character and his active career was 
 devoted principally to agricultural pursuits, in connec- 
 tion with which he gained prosperity but not wealth. 
 
 On the old homestead plantation Judge Woody was 
 reared to adult age, and in the meanwhile his educa- 
 tional advantages were limited. He attended school 
 in a somewhat irregular and desultory way until he had 
 attained to the age of eighteen years, when he realized 
 his most insistent ambition at the time, as he was 
 enabled to continue his higher academic studies. For 
 one year he was a student in the New Garden Board- 
 ing School, an institution which was maintained under 
 the auspices of the Society of Friends and which was 
 the nucleus of the present Guilford College. After 
 leaving this institution Judge Woody devoted a year 
 to teaching school in the eastern part of his native 
 state, and then, in 1853, at the age of nineteen years, 
 he went to Indiana, in which state he taught one year 
 in the public schools of Parke and Fountain counties, 
 the while he was enabled to continue his own studies 
 in another Quaker institution. 
 
 Actuated by the advice, before it was given, of 
 Horace Greeley, to “go west and grow up with the 
 country,” in 1855 Judge Woody made his way to Kan- 
 sas, where he joined a freighting train of wagons that 
 was starting on the long and perilous journey across 
 the plains to Salt Lake City. At Fort Laramie, Wyom- 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 87i 
 
 ing, Judge Woody left this train and joined a party 
 of immigrants en route to Washington territory. He 
 proceeded as far as the Sweetwater river, where he 
 was taken ill and compelled to remain a few days. 
 He then fell in with a party of Mormons, whom he 
 accompanied to Salt Lake City, where he arrived on 
 the 15th of August, 1855. Although ill and almost 
 destitute, his proud spirit and resolute purpose were 
 unshaken, and after a period of one year’s residence in 
 Utah, he joined a party that was setting forth for the 
 Flathead country, to trade with the Indians. About 
 the middle of October, 1856, he arrived at Hellgate 
 river, near the present site of the city of iMissoula, 
 Montana, and he remained in the Bitter Root and 
 Missoula valleys until the early part of November, 
 1857, when he started on a venturesome trip to Fort 
 Walla Walla, Washington, near the site of the present 
 city of Walla Walla. There he remained until the 
 summer of i860, when he returned to Montana, where 
 he has maintained his home during the long interven- 
 ing years. Concerning this memorable journey Judge 
 Woody has written a most graphic and interesting 
 account, the same having been published in the Mis- 
 soulian of Sunday, December 15, 1912. Within the 
 compass of a review of this order it is of course im- 
 possible to reproduce or even canvass in detail the 
 record given, but a few quotations may be given, as 
 indicative of the conditions of the time: 
 
 “In the fall of the year 1857 I found myself in the 
 Flathead Indian country, then in the Territory of Wash- 
 ington, where I had drifted with some Mormon Indian 
 traders in October, 1856. At that time there were in 
 that country no white people except a few traders, a 
 small Catholic mission, and a small Indian agency, 
 near the mouth of the Jocko river, this being occupied 
 by a white man named Henry G. Miller and his wife, 
 Minnie Miller, who was the first white woman ever 
 in the present state of Montana, and the only one then 
 in that country. During the intervening time I had 
 led somewhat of a vagabond life, doing a little work 
 for one or two of the Indian traders, and hunting, fish- 
 ing and trapping with the Indians and half-breeds. Late 
 in the fall of 1857 I became tired of my isolation from 
 the white settlements and became quite anxious to mix 
 again with people of my own race and color ; but how 
 to do so was a serious question. The nearest place 
 inhabited by white people was Fort Walla Walla, in 
 the Walla Walla valley, about five hundred miles west 
 of the place where I was then living, and the country 
 intervening was inhabited by different tribes of Indians, 
 many of them being anything but friendly to the whites, 
 and some of them being in a state of actual hostility.* 
 
 “In the early fall of 1857. two men who had come 
 into the Flathead country and who had been at Fort 
 Walla Walla, gave me a glowing account of the country^ 
 and this made me more anxious to go there, but how 
 to reach this land of promise was difficult to determine. 
 About the first of November I had occasion to visit 
 the Catholic mission at St. Ignatius, some thirty-eight 
 miles north of the place where I was then stopping, 
 and while there I met a lay brother of the Coeur 
 d’Alene mission. He was a good-natured old Irish- 
 man, named McGeen, and he told me that he was going 
 to start from St. Ignatius on a certain day within the 
 next week, and would take a short trail to the mouth 
 of the St. Regis de Borgia river, where it joined the 
 Bitterroot or Missoula river, and that if I wanted to 
 go to Fort Walla Walla and would meet him on the 
 day named, I could travel with him and his half-breeds 
 to the Coeur d’Alene mission, this being on my direct 
 route to Fort Walla Walla. 
 
 "When the time came to make the start it did not 
 take a great while to make the necessary arrangements. 
 I had two riding horses. On one of them I put a pack- 
 
 *From this hoint on, the narrative of Judge Woody will be abridged, 
 vith minor paraphrase. 
 
 saddle, placed my small belongings, consisting of a 
 single pair of blankets, a small quantity of bread and 
 dried buffalo meat, a small flour sack containing two- 
 extra shirts, a few old letters and keepsakes from my 
 distant home, a copy of Milton’s Paradise Lost, and a 
 few et ceteras with which to pay Indians for ferriage, 
 etc. Upon arriving at the place where I was to meet 
 Brother McGeen it became apparent that some mistake 
 had been made as to the time of our starting, and that 
 he had started one day earlier than he had intended, 
 or I one day too late, for we failed to meet at the desig- 
 nated point. I could see the remains of his camp fire on 
 the opposite side of the river, but not a man or horse 
 was in sight.’’ 
 
 The foregoing account shows the preparations made 
 by Judge Woody for his hazardous trip, and, after due 
 deliberation, he made the dangerous ford of the Mis- 
 soula river and on the following day overtook the Mc- 
 Geen party, with which he proceeded until they reached 
 tKe Coeur d’Alene mission, where the future jurist was 
 received with utmost hospitality, and where he remained 
 a few days for rest and for recruiting himself for the 
 remainder and most dangerous part of his journey. 
 He employed a Coeur d’Alene Indian as guide, giving 
 to him one of his horses in recompense for service thus 
 to be rendered. Upon arriving at the foot of Coeur 
 d’Alene lake this guide declined to go farther, but 
 procured another of the tribe to continue the journey. 
 Under the new guidance Judge Woody proceeded down 
 the Spokane river two or three miles and then forded 
 the stream. They camped the first night with a party 
 of Coeur d’Alene Indians and the second night the 
 Indian guide deserted, while his companion was sleep- 
 ing. Through a wild and dangerous country, of which 
 he had no definite knowledge. Judge Woody made his 
 way alone and finally reached the Snake river. He 
 finally reached a camp of Nez Perces Indians and en- 
 deavored to prevail upon them to ferry him across the 
 turbulent river. This they refused to do, and a serious 
 dilemma now confronted the weary traveler. From 
 this point is given, with but slight change, the account 
 as written by Judge Woody himself. 
 
 “I soon made up my mind to take a desperate chance 
 and attempt to cross the river. I noticed that there 
 was considerable driftwood on the banks of the river, 
 and at that point there was very little current in the 
 stream. As I had two hair ropes with me I determined 
 to get two large sticks of driftwood and last them 
 together so as to make a raft, turn my horse loose 
 and make him swim, and attempt to cross on my raft, — 
 a decidedly dangerous and desperate undertaking. 
 While looking for a good place to make the attempt, 
 I came on two Indian boys with a large canoe, gather- 
 ing driftwood on the banks of the stream. From the 
 fact that their hair was cut short I knew them to be 
 slaves, as this was a distinguishing mark, and I rode 
 to them and asked them to put me over the river, 
 for which service I offered them some Indian goods 
 which I had brought with me, to trade for ferriage and 
 provisions. I showed them the goods and offered them 
 all I had if they would put me over. At first they 
 absolutely refused, but after consultation between them- 
 selves they responded finally to the lure and made signs 
 that they would take me across. They took my saddle 
 and little pack off of my horse and put them in the 
 canoe, then told me to enter the boat, after which we 
 started across, leading my horse, which swam behind 
 the canoe. In a few minutes we were over, and a hap- 
 pier tenderfoot you never saw. I saddled up and 
 started without any trail, and when I climbed to the 
 top of the hill I looked down the river and saw an 
 Indian camp about three or four miles below the point 
 where I had crossed. 
 
 “I traveled all that day in the direction, as I sup- 
 posed, of Fort Walla Walla, and over a high, grass- 
 covered country, devoid of trees, streams or trails; and 
 
872 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 at night I camped at a spring that I found in the hills. 
 The next morning the country was covered with a very 
 heavy fog, which continued nearly all the day. After 
 traveling some distance I fell into a large Indian trail, 
 and later in the day I saw, through the fog, the tops 
 of trees, afer which I soon came to a stream of water. 
 'I'his I have since learned was the Touchet river. Here 
 1 stopped and let my horse rest and feed, the while 
 1 ate the rest of my provisions. I then resumed my 
 journey, still following the Indian trail, and_ finally I 
 noticed a place where someone had been cutting grass 
 and, going a little further, I discerned wagon tracks, 
 so that 1 knew I was near the promised land, — and 
 a happier mortal never lived. Upon discovering some- 
 what later, two soldiers herding dragoon horses I felt 
 that my troubles were over, as well as my fears for my 
 personal safety. 1 was informed by these soldiers that 
 the fort was about two miles distant. I rode on and 
 soon came in sight of the dragoon encampment. As I 
 crossed Mill creek, just above the sutler’s store, I 
 met Col. William Craig, Henry G. Miller and William 
 Scott. I presented to Colonel Craig a letter of intro- 
 duction that had been given to me by Henri M. Chase, 
 and he directed me to his house, about one mile distant, 
 telling me to go there and stop and that he would 
 soon be home. I went to the house, turned out my 
 horse and prepared to take a rest, as I was nearly tired 
 out, and that night I had the first square meal for many 
 days, with the result that I did full justice to the same. 
 This ended one of the most venturesome and dangerous 
 journeys ever taken by a young tenderfoot.” 
 
 As already noted. Judge Woody returned to Mon- 
 tana in i860, and during the first decade of his residence 
 in the territory he worked at such employment as could 
 be obtained. He was identified with freighting, mining, 
 buying and selling merchandise, etc., and his ability and 
 energy soon gained such objective recognition that he 
 was drawn into politics. In 1866 a vacancy occurred 
 in the office of the clerk and recorder of Missoula 
 county and he was appointed to serve the unexpired 
 term. At the succeeding election he was formally elected 
 to this dual office, by an almost unanimous vote, and 
 thereafter he served almost continuously ' until 1880, 
 when he positively refused to continue longer in office. 
 During his tenure of the position of county clerk and 
 recorder, that office was combined with that of pro- 
 bate judge, and Judge Woody was thus virtually the 
 incumbent of two offices at the same time, besides which 
 he was for eight years deputy clerk of the Second 
 judicial district court of Missoula county. 
 
 His tenure of the official positions noted brought 
 Judge Woody closely in touch with legal affairs and 
 court procedures, and he became, through such experi- 
 ence and well directed study, so well informed in the 
 minutiae of the science of jurisprudence, that in 1877 
 he was admitted to the bar of the territory, upon ex- 
 amination before the supreme court. Bringing to his 
 profession an earnest zeal, a well trained mind and inde- 
 fatigable industry, his success was assured from the 
 start, and he rapidly forged his way to the front, with 
 the result that he gained prestige as one of the able 
 and representative members of the bar of the great 
 Northwest. 
 
 In 1869 Judge Woody was chosen to represent Mis- 
 soula and Deer Lodge counties in the territorial legis- 
 lature, but as doubt was expressed as to the legality 
 of the ensuing session of the legislature, he did not 
 attend the same. In i8g2_ he was the Democratic 
 nominee for the office of district judge of the fourth 
 judicial district, and was elected by a gratifying plu- 
 rality. In i8g6 he was re-elected to the same office, of 
 which he thus continued the incumbent for eight years. 
 While serving on the bench he made an admirable 
 record, with clear apprehension of the legal principles 
 involved in the causes presented for his adjudication, 
 the while he labored with a deep sense of stewardship 
 
 to conserve equity and justice, so that few of his de- 
 cisions met with reversal by courts of higher juris- 
 diction. Of more recent years Judge Woody has devoted 
 his time and attention to the general practice of law, 
 and he not only controls a substantial and representa- 
 tive practice but is also known to be as active, alert 
 and _ enthusiastic as his younger confreres at the bar. 
 Genial, considerate and sympathetic, he has a wide 
 circle ^ of friends in Montana, and he is honored alike 
 for his sterling character, and his worthy achievement. 
 
 In the year 1871 was solemnized the marriage at 
 Missoula, of Judge Woody to Miss Elizabeth Country- 
 man, who was born in California, and who is a daugh- 
 ter of Horace and Elizabeth Countryman, her parents 
 having been residents of Montana at the time of their 
 death. Judge and Mrs. Woody have three children, 
 Frank, Alice M. and Flora P. The only son is now 
 numbered among the representative practitioners of law 
 in the city of Missoula, and is a member of the law firm 
 of Woody & Woody of Missoula, said firm consisting 
 of father and son. 
 
 Of the three children, Frank, the son, is married 
 and resides in Missoula. The daughter Alice M. is un- 
 married and^ resides with her father and mother in 
 Missoula. The youngest daughter. Flora P., was mar- 
 ried on December 10, 1909, to Lieut. Davis C. Ander- 
 son, of the Sixth United States Infantry. A few days 
 after the wedding, the Sixth Infantry Regiment was 
 ordered to the Philippine Islands, and remained in the 
 islands until the summer of 1912, when they returned 
 to the United States. During their term in the islands. 
 Lieutenant Anderson was promoted to a captaincy and 
 assigned to the Ninth Infantry, and is now stationed 
 at Fort Thomas, Ky., opposite Cincinnati. 
 
 Fred E. Albrecht. In Mr. Albrecht Montana has 
 another of the sons of her pioneers who is making a 
 name and a place for himself in the commercial world. 
 He is the son of Charles Albrecht, a native of Ger- 
 many, and of Emma Boehler Albrecht, of Davenport, 
 Iowa. Her father came to America from Germany and 
 founded the American branch of the family in the days 
 when Iowa was a sparsely settled region. Charles 
 Albrecht came to Montana in the ’60s and set up in 
 business in Helena. He was by trade a boot and shoe 
 maker, and he was one of the earliest merchants in 
 that line in the city. When the call for soldiers came 
 from President Lincoln he responded to the need of 
 his adopted country and went to the front as a private. 
 He came out of the service a lieutenant, and resumed 
 his business as a civilian. _ After coming to Montana 
 he made some investments in different mining projects, 
 but these never yielded him any considerable returns. 
 In his shoe business, however, he was successful, and 
 he continued to carry on his establishment to the time 
 of his death. Mr. Albrecht was a member of the An- 
 cient Order of United Workmen, and he also main- 
 tained his connection with the Civil War Veterans, 
 being a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
 His death occurred at Helena in 1889, on the twelfth 
 of November. His wife and two sons survive him, 
 Charles Albrecht and Fred, who make their home with 
 their mother at 409 Dearborn avenue. 
 
 Fred Albrecht was just eight years of age at the 
 time of his father’s death, as he was born on Novem- 
 ber 7, 1881, in the city of Helena. He attended the 
 schools of the city both in the grades and the high 
 school until he was fifteen. When he went to work it 
 was for the R. G. Dun Mercantile Agency, with whom 
 he was associated for three and a half years. Mr. 
 Albrecht gave up his position with the Agency to enter 
 the mercantile field, and for the next ten years was 
 identified with various enterprises in that line. On 
 March 17, 1910, he again entered the employ of the 
 Dun Agency in the capacity of traveling reporter. Less 
 than two years later, on December 12, 1912, the com- 
 

 In His Seventy-Eighth Year, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 873 
 
 pany tendered him the position of manager of the 
 Helena branch of their organization, and he is now- 
 filling this office. There are but two branches in the 
 state, so that the w^ork of this office is heavy and im- 
 portant. Its responsibilities are such as Mr. Albrecht 
 is well adapted to discharge, as he has in addition 
 to his executive ability and capacity for detail a prac- 
 tical acquaintance with conditions and experience in 
 operations in the mercantile business. 
 
 Mr. Albrecht is a member of the Episcopal church, 
 to which his brother belongs as well. He holds mem- 
 bership in the Helena Commercial Club and in the social 
 organizations is one of the Helena Lambs’ Club. 
 Fraternally he is connected with the Elks. He is a 
 Republican, but onlv as an individual, not participat- 
 ing in the activities of the local organization. The 
 leisure which he does not spend in the open is apt to 
 be given to reading, as he is fond of literature and freely 
 indulges his taste for books. 
 
 Granville Stuart. Although virtually a resident of 
 what is now Montana since 1857, Granville Stuart 
 claims only a prospector’s interest in the state previous 
 to i860. Just when his actual citizenship begun is a 
 matter of little moment. The thing of vast importance 
 to the state of Montana is that he did actually become 
 a citizen, and as such has given to his adopted state 
 the best of all he possessed. Ambition, courage, per- 
 severance, brilliance, and every other admirable trait 
 so prominent in him, — all have gone into the melting 
 pot of the future of a great commonwealth, and the 
 benefits that have accrued to that state as a direct re- 
 sult of his life and labor thus far can never be rightly 
 estimated. 
 
 Granville Stuart was born in Clarksburg, Virginia, 
 now West Virginia, on August 27, 1834, and is the 
 son of Robert and Nancy (Currence) Stuart. The 
 family is of Scottish origin, coming from Scotland in 
 the early history of the Atlantic states and being iden- 
 tified with the development of Virginia until 1837, at 
 which time Robert Stuart removed to Illinois. In 1838 
 we find the family settled in Muscatine county, Iowa, 
 and in that state Granville Stuart received his early 
 education, attending school diligently until 1848. Sub- 
 sequently he assisted on the homestead farm and in 
 the Heath store at West Liberty village. In 1849 Robert 
 Stuart visited California remaining there until the win- 
 ter of 1851, when he returned to his Iowa home. In 
 May, 1852, he set out on his second trip overland to 
 California, accompanied by his two sons, James and 
 Granville. The younger Stuarts remained in Califor- 
 nia until 1857, when they came to Montana, then known 
 as Washington Territory, and settled in Deer Lodge 
 valley, about three miles north of the present village 
 of Pioneer at the mouth of Gold creek. In company with 
 his brother, James Stuart, and Rezin Anderson, Thomas 
 Adams, Fred H. Burr and John W. Powell, Granville 
 Stuart did the first prospecting and mining for gold 
 in Montana on Gold creek, near Pioneer, between 1858 
 and 1862, and it was their operations in that period 
 which caused the veritable stampede which settled this 
 portion of the country. In 1867 James Stuart visited 
 his Iowa home, returning to Deer Lodge in the same 
 year, where he remained until 1870. Then he was ap- 
 pointed to the post of physician at the Fort Peck agency, 
 holding that position until his death, which came as a 
 result of cancer, on September 30, 1873. His body was 
 removed to Deer Lodge where interment took place. 
 In 1863 Granville Stuart removed to Alder Gulch just 
 following its discovery, and there he with his brother 
 James, since deceased, entered the mercantile business. 
 They continued in business until September of 1865, 
 when they sold the business to Messrs. Gorham and 
 Patten. In that same fall, the brothers entered in 
 business in Deer Lodge, conducting a heavy trade from 
 then until 1873, Granville Stuart, however, being the 
 
 sole proprietor for the last three years in which the 
 business was conducted, having bought the interest of 
 his brother James in 1870. It is here worthy of men- 
 tion that the opening up and settling of the country 
 between the years of 1863 and 1873 was due principally 
 to the activities of Granville Stuart and his party of 
 prospectors, and to the letters which he wrote to Thomas 
 Stuart at Black Hawk, Colorado, but now of Deer 
 Lodge, setting forth the wonders of the then wholly 
 undeveloped country, but which his prophetic mind 
 recognize for what it later proved to be, — the Treasure 
 state of the Union. 
 
 In 1873 Mr. Stuart gave over his mercantile interests 
 wholly because of the state of his health, and engaged 
 in the more primitive labor of mining, principally as a 
 means to recover his former health and strength. In 
 1876, after three years of roughing it, he removed to 
 Helena where he became a stockholder in the First 
 National Bank, taking the position of bookkeeper in 
 that institution, one of the pioneer banking houses of 
 that section. The confining nature of the work de- 
 pleted his strength to such an alarming extent that 
 after three years he gave up his position and engaged in 
 the cattle business, being associated with S. T. Hauser 
 of the First National Bank and A. J. Davis, the mil- 
 lionaire miner of Butte. Since that time jMr. Stuart was 
 controller and manager of that extensive business, until 
 1888, which has grown apace since its inception. The 
 business was launched with a capital stock of $150,000, 
 doing a business of $40,000 per annum, and in July, 
 1883, the value of the investment had increased to 
 $400,000, as evidenced at that time by the sale of a 
 two-thirds interest in the property to Conrad Kohrs 
 for $266,667, which represented the share of ilessrs. 
 Davis and Hauser. In spite of his close attention to 
 business, necessitated by the demands of such an in- 
 dustrjq Mr. Stuart has been able to give some time to 
 matters pertaining to governmental affairs. He was 
 a member of the territorial council in 1872, of the 
 house in 1875 and 1879, also the extra sessions of that 
 year in July, and he was president of the council in 
 1883, being elected on the Democratic ticket, of which 
 party he has always been an earnest adherent. At the 
 present time he is librarian of the Butte Public Library. 
 
 Perhaps the greatest work i\Ir. Stuart did for his 
 adopted state was in his early life in these parts, when 
 he wrote the book. “Montana As It Is a splendid 
 work dealing with the geographic and climatic condi- 
 tions of the territory now- know-n as Montana. Of Mr. 
 Stuart and his book, the Butte Miner of November 19, 
 1911, has to say in part: “Though Montana numbers 
 her boosters by the thousands and hundreds of thou- 
 sands, the daddy of them all is City Librarian Granville 
 Stuart, who is the author of the first book ever written 
 on the resources and wonderful possibilities of what is 
 now the Treasure state. It was penned nearly half a 
 century ago, and woven around the book is a story of 
 coincidences which found its equal but recently._ It 
 is a tale illustrative of just what a little world this is 
 and of the freakish pranks fate sometimes plays. 
 
 “The story involves one Edwin E. Purple, a New 
 Yorker, wdth whom Mr. Stuart became very intimate 
 in the early sixties, when they made a census of the 
 state. They were living at Bannack Cit}-, the _ first 
 mining towm in Montana, when the census idea siezed 
 them. During their compilation of the name of every 
 resident of the territory they became fast friends. 
 This w-as in the spring of 1863 and about one year later 
 Mr. Stuart commenced his book, originally intended 
 for a dictionary of the Snake Indian language and 
 Chinook jargon, with comprehensive explanatory notes, 
 but later developed into a splendid w-ork, dealing with 
 the topography, geography, resources and climate of 
 the territory now embraced in the state of IMontana. 
 It was given the title ‘Montana As It Is.’ Fifteen 
 hundred copies of the book were printed by C. S. 
 
874 
 
 H'lSTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Wcstcott & Company, printers, 79 John street. New 
 York City, in 1S65. They cost the author $1500.00. 
 Before delivery was made the publishing house burned 
 down and only 400 copies were saved. Later all of 
 these were taken by Hon. James Tufts, ex-territorial 
 governor, who expressed a desire to superintend their 
 distribution with a view to encouraging emigration 
 to this state. The ex-governor sent Stuart one hun- 
 dred copies, addressing them to Deer Lodge, where 
 he was then in business with Judge Dance. The books 
 were sent from St. Joseph, Alissouri, by an ox train 
 bringing the equipment for a quartz mill in this state. 
 The first winter the train wintered at Laramie, Wyo- 
 ming, proceeding on in the spring, and arriving at 
 Deer Lodge before the following winter, about two 
 years after the books were sent from New York. 
 During the winter at Laramie snow had blown in on 
 the books so that when they arrived at Deer Lodge 
 they were rotten and in such shape that for the greater 
 part they were worthless. Such as could be saved 
 were distributed among the author’s friends. As to 
 what disposition was ever made of the other three 
 hundred copies remaining, Mr. Stuart has never 
 learned. A few of them, however, must have been 
 sold, for a few years later one of them was purchased 
 by the author for $2.50 from an eastern book dealer. 
 This copy has been in the Butte library for several 
 years. 
 
 “In 1866 Purple returned to the east, tiring of the 
 hardships of the west apparently, for he never returned. 
 On April 3, 1870, he wrote to Mr. Stuart asking for 
 information as to where he could secure a copy of his 
 book, and on April 27th, Mr. Stuart replied. He said 
 'Yours of the ninth instant arrived last mail. It gave 
 me great pleasure to hear from you and find you had 
 not forgotten the poor devils you left in the wilder- 
 ness. The book, "Montana As It Is,’’ was pub- 
 lished by C. S. Westcott & Co., 79 John street. New 
 York City. I do not know where you would be most 
 likely to find a copy in the city if they have none. 
 Hon. James Tufts, our ex-governor, had charge of 
 some three hundred or four hundred copies in New 
 York City. What he did with them I never knew 
 as I never got a cent for them. He is still in the ter- 
 ritory at Virginia City, I believe, and by writing to 
 him he may know where you can procure a copy. 
 James Reese, Judge Dance, and myself, are still rough- 
 ing it here and all send respects. I shall be glad to 
 hear from you at any time and will respond.’ 
 
 “Mr Stuart never heard again from Purple, con- 
 sequently wrote him but the one time. Whether or 
 not he ever procured a copy of the book he did not 
 learn until more than forty-one years later. The sequel 
 of the story commences some time in 1902, when Mr. 
 Stuart, in looking over a catalog of books issued 
 by Francis B. Harper, found a copy of ‘Montana As 
 It Is,’ by Granville Stuart, advertised for sale, to- 
 gether with an autograph letter from the author. 
 Anxious to secure a copy of the hook and curious to 
 learn to whom he had written the letter, Mr. Stuart 
 forwarded the $10 asked for the book and letter with 
 instructions to send it to him. By return mail he re- 
 ceived word that the book had been sold before the 
 order arrived. About three months ago a catalog of 
 second hand books was received at the library from 
 a collector of books in Nashville, Tennessee. In that 
 Mr. Stuart again found trace of tlie book. It, together 
 with an autograph letter from the author, was adver- 
 tised for sale for $20. He immediately sent for it, 
 and shortly afterward received a copy of the book, 
 beautifully bound. The collector explained that he 
 had taken a fancy to the book and sent it to England 
 to be bound. Between the cover and the first page 
 of the book i\Ir. Stuart found the autograph letter 
 from the author which had been advertised by both 
 dealers. It was his letter to Purple written April 27, 
 
 1870. It was in the same yellow envelope with the 
 quaint little three-cent stamp of that date in the right 
 hand corner, and was just as it had been written, 
 bearing a notation on the back indicating that it had 
 been received May to, 1870. Purple had apparently 
 secured a copy of the book and placed the letter inside. 
 Later, it seems, he must have noticed a newspaper 
 article reproducing a letter written by Mr. Stuart to 
 the Indian peace commissioner at St. Louis and pre- 
 served it, for this also was in the envelope. Just 
 how the book came into the possession of the New 
 York dealer and then migrated to Nashville, thence 
 to England and back can only be conjectured. 
 
 “The book written by Mr. Stuart is of much his- 
 torical value, in that it is a perfect pen picture of the 
 territory now embraced in the state of Montana. In 
 the preface, written at Virginia City, January 31, 1865, 
 the author says : 'It was originally my intention to 
 have given a general discription of the form, climate, 
 resources, etc., of the vast region over which the 
 Snake language is talked, in the form of notes to a 
 dictionary of that language, a plan that, as will be 
 seen, I had partially carried out when my attention 
 and time became too much absorbed by other affairs 
 to enable me to devote myself to it as I had wished 
 to do, and many parts of it that I had traveled over 
 in days gone by have since that time been developed in a 
 most unexpected manner, proving incredibly rich in 
 precious minerals. So that a description of the Snake 
 country as then appeared to me would bear but a 
 slight resemblance to their present condition, and be- 
 sides my description of portions of Montana, informa- 
 tion of which is now eagerly sought for were so scat- 
 tered through these notes that they were in a very 
 unsatisfactory shape for those seeking information in 
 regard to it. These considerations have determined 
 me to write a few pages describing in detail that part 
 of my old stamping ground now known as Montana 
 territory, and if there should be some repetition of 
 things already described in the notes, I hope my read- 
 ers (if I should be so fortunate as to have any) wilt 
 pardon me, as they are necessary to render this last 
 description intelligible.’ 
 
 “The topography and geography of Montana is de- 
 scribed in detail. Just the right amount of narrative 
 and personal experience is blended into this portion 
 of the book to compel interest. The author recites an 
 incident of his arrival in Montana and tells of the 
 first discovery of gold in the state. ‘About the year 
 1852 a French half breed from the Red River of the 
 North named Francois Finlay, who had been to Cal- 
 ifornia, began to prospect on a branch of the Hellgate, 
 now known as Gold creek. He found small quantities 
 of light float gold in the surface along this stream, but 
 not in sufficient abundance to pay. This became noised 
 about among the mountaineers, and when Reese Ander- 
 son, my brother James and I were delayed by sick- 
 ness at the head of Mala.d creek on the Hudspeth’s 
 cutoff, as we were on our way from California to the 
 states in the summer of i857> we saw some men who 
 had passed Benetsee’s creek, as it was then called, and 
 they said they had good prospects there ; as we had a 
 little inclination to see mountain life, we concluded to 
 go out to that region and winter and look around a 
 little. We accordingly wintered on Big Hole, just 
 above the Backbone, in company with Robert Demp- 
 sey, Jake Meeks, and others, and in the spring of 1858 
 we went over to Deer Lodge and prospected a little on 
 Benetsee creek, but not having any grujj 01 tools to 
 work with, we soon quit in disgust without having 
 found anything that would pay, or done enough to 
 enable us to form a reliable estimate of the richness 
 of this vicinity. We then went back to the emigrant 
 road and remained there trading with the emigrants 
 more than two years, very frequently talking of the- 
 probability of there being good mines in Deer Lodge,. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 675 
 
 until in the fall of i860, we moved out to the mouth 
 of the Stinking Water river, intending to winter there 
 and go over and try our luck prospecting in the spring. 
 But the Indians became insolent and began to kill our 
 cattle, when we moved over late in the fall and set- 
 tled at the mouth of Gold creek and began to pros- 
 pect. We succeeded during the following summer in 
 finding prospects which we considered very good, upon 
 which we began to make preparations to take it out 
 big, and wrote to our brother Thomas, who was at 
 Pike’s Peak, as Colorado was then called, to come out 
 and join us, as we thought this a better country than 
 the ‘Peak.’ 
 
 "In outlining the topography of the territory Mr. 
 Stuart divided it into a series of basins, five in num- 
 ber, of which four lie on the east side of the Rockies 
 and one on the west. Each basin he describes in de- 
 tail; its resources, settlement and possibilities, color- 
 ing his descriptions by narrating some personal ex- 
 periences in that particular section. That he viewed 
 the resources and possibilities of Montana with the 
 same optimism which the authors of booster ^ litera- 
 ture of the present day are wont to see them, is indi- 
 cated by the following prediction: ‘The Yellowstone 
 
 river will be navigable for light draught steamers nearly 
 to the western edge of the basin, or almost to the 
 center of Montana, and it is by this river that she 
 will ere long receive all her supplies that come from 
 the states and it will in time carry down our gold 
 and silver to the poor devils who are so unfortunate 
 as to live in the Mississippi valley and who don’t own 
 any “feet" in any rich silver leads, and are ignorant 
 of the joys of going out poor in the morning in search 
 of "leads” and coming back in the evening rich (in 
 imagination).’ 
 
 “The dictionary of the Snake language is indeed 
 interesting. The accompanying notes furnish many 
 sidelights on life in the territory at that time and con- 
 cerning the habits, superstitions and manner of living 
 of the Indians. The dictionary of the Chinook jargon 
 then and still in use in and among the tribes of Ore- 
 gon, Washington, British Columbia and the north 
 Pacific Coast, also shows the author’s deep and con- 
 scientious study of the language. One of the features 
 of the book, however, which has an immediate appeal, 
 is the itinerary of the route from Leavenworth City 
 to Great Salt Lake City, which in those days must have 
 been invaluable to the emigrant. It is followed by 
 itineraries from Great Salt Lake City to Sacramento, 
 California and to Los Angeles, and from St. Paul to 
 Fort Walla Walla in Washington territory, and many 
 others. The itineraries were complete in every detail. 
 Distances were given between points, locations of 
 wood, water and grass, at that time necessities to the 
 emigrant, are described, and the conditions of every 
 camping spot along the road outlined in detail. Most 
 of this territory was wilderness, boasting no habita- 
 tions and little besides a vast expanse of rolling plain, 
 crossed at intervals by rugged mountain ranges. The 
 itineraries are the concluding feature of the book." 
 
 The newspaper clipping found in Purple’s letter is 
 from the New York Times of October 4. 1871. It 
 reproduces a letter written by Mr. Stuart Septepiber 
 3, 1871, to the Indian peace commissioner, at St. Louis, 
 in which he deals with the Indian tribes of the North- 
 west, their numbers, wealth and power. It is a care- 
 ful statement of their condition and prospects, and 
 perusal will show that many of his recommendations 
 have long since been followed by the governrnent in 
 the administration of its Indian affairs. It will also 
 show that Mr. Stuart made a careful study of condi- 
 tions, and that the great heart of the man was stirred 
 to its utmost by his deep-seated knowledge of the 
 unhappy conditions peculiar to the race of the Red 
 Men at that time. The letter is of historical value, 
 in view of the fact that it gives such a comprehensive 
 
 insight into Indian life forty vears ago. The clipping 
 follows; - 
 
 "The following interesting letter has been addressed 
 to Hon. Robert Campbell at St. Louis, and although 
 not intended for publication, it contains so clear an 
 account of the present conditions of the Indian tribes 
 in the Rocky mountain region that he has permitted 
 it to be printed in the St. Louis Republican, from 
 whose columns we quote: ‘Dear Sir: Knowing that 
 
 you were familiar many years ago with the numbers, 
 wealth and power of most of the Indian tribes of the 
 Rocky mountains, and having been in constant con- 
 tact with all the tribes from Colorado to the British 
 line, thus becoming fairly conversant with their cus- 
 toms, habits, languages and modes of life, has caused 
 me to take a very great interest in the way our Indian 
 affairs are managed, and led me to desire that they 
 could be conducted upon some plan that would do 
 more equal and exact justice to both whites and In- 
 dians. That the matter has been very badly managed 
 in the past is patent to any observing mind. 
 
 “ ‘At the beginning of the tide of immigrants that left 
 the eastern states and swept across the continent to 
 California and Oregon the many tribes along the 
 routes were numerous and in general prosperous, but 
 the contact with the whites produced the heretofore 
 inevitable decline in numbers and in an abasement of 
 character which seems to follow like a curse in the 
 footsteps of civilization, and to fall with a blighting 
 influence upon the natives of the soil. This is owing, 
 principally, to the introduction among them of whisky 
 and other attendant evils which produce famine, dis- 
 ease and poverty, dissensions and wars among them- 
 selves and with the whites, and is leading to the rapid 
 extermination of all the tribes of the mountains and 
 plains of the great West, some of whom have already 
 declined so far as to have lost their tribal names, and 
 to prevent their utter extinction have become incor- 
 porated into other and stronger tribes. 
 
 “ ‘Washakee’s band of Shoshones or Snakes, who 
 formerly ranged from Bear river to the mouth of 
 the Sweet Water river, are now upon a reservation 
 in Wind river valley. They are much reduced in num- 
 bers and are almost entirely dependent upon the In- 
 dian Department for a living, as there are now no 
 buffalo, and few elk, deer, or antelope, in their country. 
 They are located in a beautiful valley and seem to be 
 contented and desire to learn to farm, and if properly 
 managed and cared for will soon cease their nomadic 
 life and quit the chase for the more quiet pursuits of 
 raising stock and tilling the soil. They are not at war 
 with any other tribe except the Sioux, who will per- 
 sist in coming to their reservations and steal their 
 horses and occasionally kill some of them. They com- 
 plained, and justly so, that the government does not 
 protect them on their reservations. 
 
 “ ‘The “sheep eater’’ band of Snakes and the Ban- 
 nacks, who formerly ranged from- the head almost to 
 the mouth of the Snake river, are now nearly all on the 
 reservation at Lemhi, near the forks of the Salmon 
 river and on another one near old Fort Hall on Snake 
 river. The first named reservation has a farm in 
 operation and these Indians, who are naturally of the 
 most gentle and tractable dispositions of any of the 
 mountain tribes, are glad to learn how to farm and are 
 willing to work when they see that they get the benefit 
 of their labor. There is no game in their country 
 except a few mountain sheep and they do not leave 
 the reservation to hunt, but live on the products of the 
 farm, their annuities and salmon, of which latter there 
 is an abundance in Salmon river. The farm has only 
 been in operation about a year, and they now have 
 sixty-five acres under cultivation, which is doing very 
 well, considering the limited means of the agent. 
 
 “ ‘The Flatheads and Pend d’Orielles are now prac- 
 tically civilized. They have farms of their own. gen- 
 
876 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 erally on their reservations in the Bitter Root and 
 Jocko valleys. They are in comfortable circumstances, 
 have large herds of cattle and many horses. Owing 
 to the labors of the Jesuit missionaries, who have had 
 a few missions among them since 1843, they attend 
 church with considerable regularity and profess to 
 the Catholic religion, and are usually married by the 
 rites of the church. These Indians are quiet and 
 peaceable. A portion of them still make semi-annual 
 trips to the Yellowstone and Missouri rivers to hunt buf- 
 falo, but if they are properly managed for a few years 
 they will become self-sustaining and will cease to go 
 after buffalo, and will become permanent residents on 
 their farms. 
 
 ‘‘‘The Nez Perces are rapidly becoming civilized, and 
 stay mostly on their reservations on Snake river, 
 Clearwater and the Columbia. They are rich in horses 
 and cattle and farm to a considerable extent. A small 
 part of them still go with the Flatheads and Pend 
 d'Orielles to hunt on the plains of the Missouri and 
 Yellowstone, but they can easily be induced to stay 
 at home. They are quiet and well disposed and quite 
 intelligent. Many of them can speak English and a 
 few of them can read and write. 
 
 “ ‘The Crow Indians have an agency and farm in the 
 upper part of the Yellowstone valley, where there 
 are one hundred and twelve acres under cultivation. 
 These Indians take great interest in the farm and 
 are seemingly very anxious to learn how to conduct 
 farming operations and desire to be furnished with 
 implements, seeds, etc. They seem to fully realize the 
 fact that although game is still abundant in their 
 country, the time is not far distant when they will 
 be compelled to farm or starve, and they fully appre- 
 ciate the kindness of the government in giving them 
 annuities and teaching them how to farm. 
 
 “ ‘The Rlackfeet and Piegans have an agency and farm 
 on the Teton river which has some eighty-six acres 
 under cultivation, but as game of all kinds, and buf- 
 falo in particular is abundant in their country, they 
 take but little interest in farming operations as yet, 
 although the most intelligent among them admit that 
 they will have to farm some day, although they think 
 the time farther off than it really is. The greatest 
 difficulty which is experienced in keeping the Indians 
 at their agencies and on their reservations is caused 
 by unprincipled and influential men who are interested 
 in trading whiskey to them. They persuade the In- 
 dians to leave their agencies and go into the Indian 
 country out of reach of the agents, so that they can 
 trade them whiskey with impunity, and nothing but 
 the unceasing vigilance of Indian Superintendent J. H. 
 Viall keeps this crying evil within bounds. He has 
 taken energetic measures to keep this atrocious traffic 
 suppressed, and if properly supported will soon suc- 
 ceed in bringing to justice or driving out of the coun- 
 try all those nefarious scoundrels who are engaged 
 in it. I look upon this whiskey trading as a crime, 
 but little short of actual murder, for it brings with it 
 a long train of attendant evils which are productive 
 of a vast sum of human misery. 
 
 “‘Owing to the judicious administration of Indian 
 affairs by Superintendent Viall, there is a more con- 
 tented feeling among the Indians of this territory than 
 there has ever been before. They seem to know that 
 he is using all means within his power to promote 
 their comfort and welfare, and had our Indian affairs 
 been managed in the past with as much justice and 
 genuine kindness of heart as has been shown by Super- 
 intendent Viall, we would have had fewer bloody 
 and expensive Indian wars, and less of the hostile and 
 suspicious feeling that long years of injustice, false 
 promises and bad faith, have engendered in the mind 
 of the Indian till he has grown to look upon all our 
 promises as mere subterfuges to swindle him. The 
 total lack of good faith shown by our government and 
 
 the slight punishment that is inflicted upon the Indians 
 when they break the many treaties made with them, 
 has caused the Indians to look upon all treaties as 
 mere farces which either party can ignore at will. 
 VVhen we do make a treaty with any tribe we should 
 observe it to the letter, and should make them do the 
 same, and unless this is done no treaty will be observed 
 for any length of time. The whites are almost in- 
 variably the hrst to break treaty stipulations of any 
 kind and then they wage war upon the poor Indian 
 tor following their example. 
 
 " ‘The dictates of humanity demand that the Indians 
 should be put upon reservations and fed and clothed 
 by the government until they become sufficiently ac- 
 quainted in the arts of civilization to sustain them- 
 selves. The onward march of civilization is fast ex- 
 terminating the red men who once were owners of all 
 this fair land. They have suffered great injustice and 
 cruelty reigns, and unless they now have protection 
 from the strong arm of the government, in a few short 
 years their place will know them no more. Very 
 truly yours, Granville Stuart.’ ’’ 
 
 _ We have given this letter and the newspaper clip- 
 ping m full, as they seem to throw a deal of light 
 upon the early life of the man. That he was a thinker, 
 and a man in advance of his time, is apparent on every 
 hand. Certainly his prophecy concerning the future 
 of Montana has been realized four-fold, and the radical 
 changes brought about in the treatment of the Indian 
 question within the last three decades must be a source 
 of much gratification to Mr. Stuart, in view of his 
 sympathetic view of the situation as existing at the 
 time of his letter. 
 
 Augustus F. Graeter. The Montana pioneer is an ex- 
 pression synonymous with honor, ability, courage and 
 independence. He made possible the swift, substantial 
 development of the state and its present high prestige 
 and he has transmitted his fine, staunch nature to his 
 sons, so that big men, brave men and brainy men are 
 coming from Montana. Prominent among tlae pioneer 
 citizens who have honored Dillon by making it their 
 home is Augustus F. Graeter, who has livecl in the state 
 since 1862 and in Dillon for the past decade and a half. 
 Pie is a man of e.xtensive interests in banking, mercan- 
 tile lines, ranching and real estate. He is of German 
 descent and evinces in himself those characteristics 
 which make the Teutonic stock one of our most admir- 
 able sources of citizenship ; in truth the superlative term 
 might well be used. His life record is without stain 
 and he enjoys honor and universal respect, and is gen- 
 erally beloved by those with whom he comes in contact 
 for a particularly lovable personality and a brotherly 
 sympathy which stands all tests. 
 
 By circumstance of birth Mr. Graeter is a Pennsylva- 
 nian, his eyes having first opened to the light of day in 
 Allentown, that state, on July 29, 1834. He is a descend- 
 ant of a long line of pastoral men, of whom there is in 
 the family a record, dating back to 1549. His father, 
 August F. Graeter, Sr., was born in Wurtemberg_, Ger- 
 many, March 16, 1803, and was educated at Leipsic and 
 Stuttgardt, coming to America in 1828, when a young 
 man in quest of the much vaunted opportunity across 
 the sea. He first settled in the Keystone state and later 
 went to Ohio, where he lived until his demise. He 
 was a publisher of German literature — books and news- 
 papers — and a gifted writer and editor. His death oc- 
 curred March 8, 1863, in Warren, Ohio, and there all 
 that is mortal of him was interred. The mother, whose 
 maiden name was Sarah Hoffman, was born in Pennsyl- 
 vania, and in Allentown she was wooed and won. The 
 union of this worthy and devoted couple was blessed 
 by the birth of eight children, the immediate subject of 
 this brief review being the second child. 
 
 The first two years of Augustus F. Graeter, Jr., were 
 spent in his birthplace and then the family removed to 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 877 
 
 Ohio. In that state his boyhood and youth were passed, 
 and at the age of twenty he went back to Pennsylvania, 
 locating in Meadville, where he remained for about a 
 year, clerking in a store. He then returned to Warren, 
 where he remained only a short time and then went to 
 Wisconsin, where he engaged in the most strenuous 
 labor, chopping cord wood and living the free, adventur- 
 ous life of the lumberman. Again he returned to War- 
 ren, which was dear with many associations, and again 
 stayed but a short time, ere he went on to new scenes, 
 this time locating in Florence, Nebraska. But Florence 
 was soon deserted for Pike’s Peak, Colorado. He led a 
 roving, care-free life, and during this period followed 
 diverse occupations. While in Colorado he came to the 
 decision to make the momentous step which gave him 
 forever to Montana as a citizen. He arrived within the 
 boundaries of the great territory in the month of August, 
 1862, and first located in Bannack. In the first years he 
 engaged in placer mining, and later in dredging and 
 ranching. He ultimately removed to Dillon, where he 
 has lived for fifteen years and has taken his place as one 
 of its successful and able citizens. He has followed 
 various lines of enterprise, such as banking, merchan- 
 dise, ranching and real estate, and anything with which 
 he associates himself seems pretty sure of prosperity. 
 
 Mr. Graeter is prominent in Masonry, belonging to all 
 the bodies from the blue lodge to the Shrine. In the 
 blue lodge he has filled all the chairs and is now a past 
 master. In political allegiance he gives heart and hand 
 to the Democratic party and its policies and principles. 
 At one time he was a standard bearer in the local ranks, 
 being of much influence and taking an active part in 
 campaigns. Recently, however, he has left such things 
 to younger men. He has been frequently solicited to 
 run for office, but has always refused, even though with 
 a man of his popularity victory would have been almost 
 inevitable. He consented at one time to fill the office 
 of county commissioner and also served in the city 
 council, but further than this he was adamant in his 
 determination. He is, however, one of the most public- 
 spirited of men, and ever ready to give his best effort 
 to any good cause. 
 
 As to his purely personal inclinations, he is fond of 
 all out-of-door sport in general and of baseball and 
 horseracing in particular. Montana is one of his hob- 
 bies and his dreams of her future greatness magnificent 
 indeed. 
 
 Mr. Graeter has been twice married, on July 29, i860, 
 at Florence, Nebraska, Miss Emily M. Drewey, became 
 his wife, and the demise of this good woman occurred 
 in 1878. In 1880, in Bannack, Montana, he was united in 
 marriage to Mary J. Taylor, and on October 6, 1908, 
 she passed away, mourned by all who knew her. In her 
 memory were inscribed the following statements in one 
 of the local oublications at the time of her demise : 
 
 “Last evening the entire community was plunged into 
 grief by the sad intelligence of the unexpected death 
 of Mrs. A. F. Graeter, of this city. A sense of deep 
 personal loss was felt, and on every side were heard 
 countless expressions of sorrow at the untimely death 
 of this most gracious woman. 
 
 “Mrs. Graeter’s illness was brief, she only having 
 been ill for the past week. Her death was due to acute 
 congestion of the lungs. A week ago, shortly after hav- 
 ing returned from Lewistown, where she and Mr. Grae- 
 ter went to attend the pioneers’ meeting, she was taken 
 down with an attack of bowel and chest trouble. In 
 spite of all that Dr. Bond, assisted by Dr. Poindexter, 
 could do, after she had suffered a sinking spell, she 
 rapidly succumbed, and two hours later, at about 8;oo 
 p. m., she breathed her last. All immediate members of 
 the family were present at the bedside when she passed 
 away. 
 
 “Mrs. Mary Graeter was born in Coversdale, New 
 Brunswick, September 26, 1849, she having reached the 
 age of fifty-nine years just a short while ago. Her girl- 
 
 hood days were spent in that city. In 1881 she came to 
 Montana with Mr. Tate Taylor, her brother, and Mrs. 
 Taylor, who were then just married. Eight months 
 after her arrival here, in September, 1881, she was 
 wedded at Bannack to Mr. A. F. Graeter. For several 
 years thereafter Mr. and Mrs. Graeter lived at Bannack, 
 later moving to the Horse Prairie where Mr. Graeter 
 engaged in ranching. Fourteen years ago they moved 
 to Dillon and since have continuously resided in this 
 city. 
 
 "As a true friend and a kind neighbor her loss will be 
 felt keenly by all those who have known her since the 
 early ’days of the territory. She was a good and true 
 woman, a kind and loving wife and mother, and many 
 are the heartfelt tears of sorrow shed in sympathy with 
 the sorrowing family at her loss. She was a devoted 
 member of the First Baptist church of this city and also 
 of the Eastern Star order. 
 
 “Because any community delights in and is proud of 
 such examples of gracious womanhood, our little town 
 bows its head in poignant grief for this noble woman 
 who was taken so suddenly. The memory of her life 
 belongs to it and will exhale a lasting fragrance. To 
 the desolate husband and daughter left alone in the 
 darkened home and to the sorrowing son and brother, 
 tender waves' of sympathy radiate from all hearts; may 
 they avail a little to comfort.’’ 
 
 Mr. Graeter has four living children, two sons and 
 two daughters. Luther D., married, resides at Areata, 
 California; Blanche, wife of Charles Falk, makes her 
 home at Eureka, California ; William Arthur, married, 
 is cashier of the State Bank of Dillon; Sadie resides 
 with her father and manages his household in efficient 
 fashion. The subject enjoys the possession of more 
 than his share of friends and his loyalty to them is un- 
 impeachable. 
 
 Samuel Cohen was born in New York City, in 1837. 
 Until the age of sixteen years he attended the schools 
 of that city, when his parents, believing that he should 
 prepare himself for the business struggle, apprenticed 
 him to learn the jeweler’s and brush maker's trade. For 
 seven years thereafter he followed this line of work, 
 but never found it much to his liking. In 1862 he left 
 New York for Bannack, Montana, where he established 
 the first clothing and men’s furnishing house in the city, 
 and a few years later he opened a branch house in 
 Virginia City. 
 
 Mr. Cohen was energetic and ambitious, with a keen 
 sense of business, and from the beginning his venture 
 proved even more successful than he had dared to hope. 
 He knew instinctively what his patrons of the west 
 seemed to need and these goods he furnished, thus sav- 
 ing the annoyance and delay of sending to the east for 
 every small article of apparel. Under his clever man- 
 agement his business so increased that in 1872 he was 
 able to sell out his western interests and to return to 
 New York with an income amply sufficient for his 
 needs. In the following year he was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Yetta Poznanski. She was, like her hus- 
 band, a native of New York City and was the daughter 
 of Morris Poznanski, a merchant of that city. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Cohen were married on the 22nd of January, 
 1873, when Mrs. Cohen was but seventeen years of age. 
 For several years they lived in the American metropolis 
 in comparative luxury, Mr. Cohen being engaged in no 
 active business, but devoting himself to the looking 
 after his investments. During the years of his pros- 
 perity in the west he had purchased with his earnings 
 stocks and bonds on the New York market, but a 
 serious financial depression caused him to lose heavily. 
 About this time the great findings at Leadville, Colo- 
 rado, and the subsequent growth of that town was the 
 uppermost topic throughout the country, and Mr. Cohen 
 took his little family and with the remnant of his for- 
 tunes started at once for Leadville, to retrieve, if pos- 
 
878 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 sible, his Wall street losses. Arriving in Colorado, he 
 opened a large mercantile establishment, and with his 
 former success accumulated another fortune, which he 
 invested in real estate. Not anticipating the sudden 
 slump, his savings again took wings and his second 
 fortune was sadly depleted. He returned once more to 
 New York City, there engaging in the retail merchan- 
 dise business, in which he was fairly successful, but 
 the western fever seized him once more, and with his 
 family he removed to Helena, Montana, where for 
 nearly twenty years Mr. Cohen was engaged in mer- 
 cantile pursuits, with only fair success. He then re- 
 moved to Seattle, Washington, where He spent the few 
 remaining years of his life, his death occurring on De- 
 cember 8, 1908. 
 
 Samuel Cohen was an orthodox Jew and a member 
 of the Synagogue, as were all his family. He was an 
 enthusiastic Mason, and a member of Ancient Chapter, 
 No. I, of New York City. Politically he remained a 
 Jeffersonian Democrat until the last. 
 
 P'our children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Cohen. 
 Amy M. was born in New York City, on August 12, 
 1876; she is now the wife of Joseph Rosenthal, and 
 they make their home in San Francisco. Another 
 daughter, Mabel, was born in Leadville, and lived but 
 two years. Lew Allen is the eldest son ; Almont M. 
 was born in Helena, Montana, on the 30th of November, 
 1890, and is living with his mother in Seattle, Washing- 
 ton. 
 
 Lew Allen Cohen, the eldest child of his parents, 
 was born during his father’s earliest prosperity. He 
 was born in New York, on January ii, 1874, and during 
 his early years he attended the schools of his native 
 city. Then came the ebb of his father’s fortunes and 
 he was obliged to continue his studies in Helena, after 
 the removal of the family to the west. At the age of 
 sixteen he felt it incumbent upon him to become self 
 supporting, and he accepted a position as bookkeeper 
 with the firm of Sands Brothers. In 1893 he was made 
 department manager for the same concern, then the 
 oldest established dry goods house in Montana. For 
 fourteen years Lew Cohen was associated with this 
 firm, and in 1907, upon the reorganization of the com- 
 pany, he became president of the corporation, with Mr. 
 S. J. Holzman as secretary and treasurer. This house 
 is not only the oldest, but by far the largest of its 
 kind in the state, employing more than fifty persons in 
 the establishment, and it is evident that Mr. Cohen has 
 inherited much of his father's business sagacity. 
 
 During the holiday season of 1900, he won for his 
 wife Miss Yetta Feldberg, the daughter of Jacob Feld- 
 berg, one of the pioneer families of the west. They 
 have no children. 
 
 Mr. Cohen is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, 
 King Solomon Lodge, No. 9, of Helena, Montana, 
 Helena Lodge of Perfection, No. 4, Helena Consistory, 
 No. 3, Flelena Council of Kadosh, No. 3, a'nd the Chap- 
 ter of Rose Croix, No. 3. He is also a member of the 
 Woodmen of the World. He is a diligent worker in the 
 Retail Merchant’s Association and the Commercial Club, 
 and he is known for one of the enterpri.sing and pro- 
 gressive business men of the state, who has the best 
 interests of his city and community at heart. 
 
 George W. IMorse. A grand old pioneer in ^Montana 
 and one who early served this commonwealth by dis- 
 covering a number of unexplored points, such as Indian 
 creek (now Radersburgh ) , Bilk Gulch and Weasel 
 creek, is Colonel George W. Morse, who was long en- 
 gaged in the cattle and ranching business in the vicinity 
 of Drummond but who is now living virtually retired 
 in this place. He is intrinsically loyal and public- 
 spirited in connection with all that affects the good of 
 Montana and of his home community. He enjoys the 
 distinction of having been first presidential elector from 
 
 this state and he has attended every Republican state 
 convention since his advent in Montana. 
 
 Colonel George W. Morse was born at Whitefield, 
 iMaine, December 2, 1838, and he is a son of Daniel 
 and Mary A. (Norris) Morse, the former of whom was 
 born in England, whence he came to America as a young 
 man, and the latter of whom was a native of White- 
 field, Maine. The father was a sea-captain, but made 
 his home in the state of Maine, where was solemnized 
 his marriage and where all his children were born. 
 Mr. Morse passed to the life eternal in 1866, aged sev- 
 enty-six years, and she died in 1880, at the age of 
 seventy years. Both are buried in Maine. The Colonel 
 was the fifth in order of birth of the six children born 
 to his parents and of that number three are living at 
 the present time in 1912. 
 
 The early education of Colonel Morse was obtained 
 in the public schools of his native state. He earned 
 his first money as a boy of eight years by dropping 
 potatoes in the planting season. His salary was five 
 cents for a day’s work ; he was paid in pennies and as 
 one of them was bad he really only netted four cents 
 for his first day’s work. As a youth he worked in a 
 lumber mill for a salary of thirteen dollars per month 
 and out of this meager pay he managed to save enough 
 to start for the west. He paid his fare as far as the 
 Mississippi river and from that place worked his way 
 on a boat to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he resided and 
 worked in a sawmill for the next four years, during 
 which time he helped put in the first dam ever built 
 across the Mississippi river. In 1856 he went to Lou- 
 isiana and there was employed for one year in the tim- 
 ber department of a railroad company. He later re- 
 turned to Minnesota and thence went to Pikes Peak, 
 where he remained until 1862, when he came to Mon- 
 tana. He has since been a resident of this state except 
 for a short time spent in Idaho, where he followed 
 prospecting and mining. Returning to Helena in 1865, 
 he prospected for about one year in the vicinity of that 
 place and then joined the crowd as a prospector in the 
 famous Sun River stampede. It was at this time, while 
 out on one of his prospecting trips, that he discovered 
 Indian creek. Subsequently he went to Reynolds City 
 and there followed mining for some six years, during 
 which time he made two other valuable discoveries that 
 are to this day placed to his credit, namely. Bilk Gulch 
 and Weasel creek. From this district he went to New 
 Chicago, two miles from Drummond, and there pur- 
 chased a ranch, engaging in farming and mining for a 
 number of years. He recently disposed of part of his 
 ranching interests and came to Drummond, where he 
 engaged actively in the cattle business, buying and 
 shipping stock to various of the largest markets. Since 
 1910, however, he has lived virtually retired, content- 
 ing himself with giving a general supervision to his 
 numerous interests in this section of the state. He is 
 possessed of remarkable ability as a business man and 
 although he has now reached the venerable age of 
 seventy-four years, is still as active and energetic as 
 many a man of half his years. 
 
 Colonel Morse received his title of “Colonel” while 
 in Alinnesota during the time of the Spinet Lake mas- 
 sacre by the Sioux Indians. Governor Ramsey called 
 for volunteers to subdue the Indian insurrections and 
 eighty young men responded to the call. They orga- 
 nized a company, and although these young volunteers 
 did not see any active fighting, as the Indians had in 
 the meantime disappeared, before disbanding they 
 elected Mr. Morse colonel, and the title has stuck to 
 him during the long intervening years to the present 
 time. 
 
 In politics Colonel Morse is a stalwart Republican 
 and he has served as county commissioner for a period 
 of three terms. He is an ardent party fighter and was 
 the first presidential elector from the state of Montana. 
 He cast the state’s vote for President. He attends all 
 
.‘n H'S 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 879 
 
 the Republican state conventions and is an active worker 
 in behalf of party interests. Colonel Morse attended 
 the organization of the Republican party in 1856 in the 
 territory of Alinnesota, and has ever since, with the ex- 
 ception of 1896, supported the Republican party on na- 
 tional issues. In 1912 he became allied with the Na- 
 tional Progressive party, and served as a delegate to 
 the convention in Chicago when the party was orga- 
 nized and nominated Colonel Roosevelt for the presi- 
 dency. He is a Knight Templar Mason, being a mem- 
 ber of the Ruby Lodge, No. 36, at Drummond, but , for 
 many years had been a member of the blue lodge at 
 Deer Lodge, and a noble of the Mystic Shrine, affiliat- 
 ing with Algeria Temple at Helena. He is also affili- 
 ated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks 
 and is a member of the Society of Montana Pioneers, 
 of which he has served as vice-president several terms. 
 For several years he was a member of the school board 
 at New Chicago, and while he is not formally con- 
 nected with aiij^ religious organization he contributes 
 liberally to the support of all the churches at Drum- 
 mond, insisting that they are all good. Colonel iMorse 
 was an intimate friend of the late Colonel Sanders and 
 was in service under him in many campaigns. He is 
 interested in horse races and loves to see a good boxing 
 *jnatch. He devotes a great deal of his spare time to 
 reading, being particularly well informed on the politi- 
 cal situations of the day. 
 
 In Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1877. Colonel Morse was 
 united in marriage to Miss iMattie J. Milliken, a daugh- 
 ter of Edward and Serfrances IMilliken, formerl3^ of 
 Maine. Colonel and IMrs. Morse are the parents of two 
 children, both boys : George A. is married and is en- 
 
 gaged in the real-estate business at Drummond and 
 Aviral P. is likewise married and lives in this place, 
 where he is most successfully engaged in the general 
 merchandise business. 
 
 Colonel Morse holds distinctive prestige as one of 
 the good, grand and honorable pioneers who have made 
 Montana one of the finest states in the Union. His 
 entire life has been characterized by upright, honorable 
 principles, and it also exemplifies the truth of the Emer- 
 sonian philosophy that “The way to win a friend is to 
 be one.” He is a man of great philanthropy", but there 
 is a modesty and lack of all ostentation in his work as 
 a benefactor. In this day, when disinterested citizen- 
 ship is all too rare a jewel, it is helpful to reflect upon 
 a course of high-minded patriotism such as that of 
 Colonel Morse. His genial kindly manner have won 
 him the high regard of all with whom he has come in 
 contact and he is sincerely beloved by all his fellow 
 citizens at Drummond. 
 
 Sanford Ruffner. For more than half a century 
 a resident of Gallatin county", jMontana, during which 
 time he has been a w'itness of the growth of this sec- 
 tion of the country from the home of the red man and 
 the haunt of wild animals to a center of commercial, 
 industrial and agricultural activity, Sanford Ruffner, 
 now retired and living in his home at 305 Bozeman 
 avenue, South, is highly deserving of a prominent 
 place among those w"ho have assisted in making Mon- 
 tana’s history". During his long and useful residence 
 here, Mr. Ruffner w"as engaged in various occupations, 
 and while succeeding in a financial way, he also gained 
 prominence in public and social circles, identifying 
 himself with all movements w"hich his judgment gave 
 him to believe were for the benefit of his community. 
 He was born in Jessamine county, Kentucky, February 
 8. 1834, and is a son of Samuel Ruffner, a native of 
 Pennsylvania, w"ho fought in the War of 1812, after- 
 wards removed to Kentucky, and in 1849 w"ent to Mis- 
 souri, where he w'as living at the time of his demise 
 in 1869. There were nine children in the family, and 
 l\Ir. Ruffner has two brothers and a sister now living: 
 James, born in 1820, a resident of San Francisco, Cali- 
 
 fornia: John L., living in Homer, Louisiana and Eliza- 
 beth, the widow of J. Noland, living in Athens, Illinois. 
 
 Sanford Ruffner began his educational training in 
 private schools in Kentucky, and completed it in Mis- 
 souri, after which he served a full apprenticeship of 
 three years to the carpenter's trade. He worked at 
 that vocation in Independence, "Missouri, until i860, in 
 the spring of which year he started for Colorado w"ith 
 an ox-team, stopping the first season in California 
 Gulch, the present site of Leadville, and going to 
 Denver in 1861. He remained in that city until the 
 fall of the same year, when he returned to iMissouri, 
 but again in the next spring turned his face toward the 
 w'est, his destination being Carson City, Nevada. During 
 this trip, which w"as made by" ox-team, Mr. Ruffner 
 experienced all the hardships, privations and dangers 
 encountered by the sturdy" pioneers.' The wagon train 
 which he had joined w"as a large one, having at least 
 one hundred wagons, and the numerous men w'ere kept 
 under strict military order by the leader. Captain 
 Anderson. Net long after their start they were warned 
 of the perils that awaited them by the sight of smoking 
 ruins, slain stock and massacred emigrants, and these 
 .grisly evidences of the activity of the hostile Indians 
 caused the party" to exercise the utmost vigilance, in 
 spite of which one white man lost his life and many 
 of the emigrant band were wounded in the almost 
 nightly skirmishes with the savages. When they reached 
 the Platte river, the little party voted to come to iMon- 
 tana instead of Nevada, and took a route via the Landis 
 cut-off, intending to locate on Salmon river, but, re- 
 ceiving unfavorable reports of that locality, changed 
 their course to Deer Lodge, where they arrived in 
 September, 1S62, and where Mr. Ruffner remained 
 for one month. He then wintered in Bannack and 
 worked at mining, and at his trade, until the fall of 
 1863. A short time prior to leaving this locality, Mr. 
 Ruffner had done quite a large business in making 
 coffins to bury the men that had died and were hung, 
 and also built a scaffold for Sheriff Plummer to hang 
 a man on, the sheriff subsequently meeting his own 
 death on the same platform not long thereafter. During 
 his mining days in the lawless camp, Mr. Ruffner was 
 acquainted with many of the notorious gentry- of the 
 time, among them George Ives, Buck Stinson and 
 others. During the fall of 1863 he outfitted and went 
 to Salt Lake City for provisions, and so successful 
 was -he in this line that he made several trips, on the 
 second of which, while on his return journey, he en- 
 countered Judge Smith, who was making his way out, 
 having been banished from the country-. The lawless 
 element, during the years of 1863, 1864 and 1865, was 
 greatly" in evidence, and Mr. Ruffner can recall numer- 
 ous thrilling episodes that marked the times. He 
 
 states that it was no unusual thing to be awakened by- 
 shooting during the night, and the first question in 
 the morning would invariably be : “Who have you for 
 breakfast?” ^Ir. Ruffner turned his attention to 
 ranching in the fall of 1864, locating on a property- 
 on Bozeman creek, about two and one half miles from 
 Bozeman, and continued thereon until igo6, in the fall 
 of which year he and his wife and daughters, Stella 
 and Leila, went to Spokane, Washington, to spend the 
 winter with their daughter, Mrs. Harry- K. Brown. 
 After remaining there during the winter, they- all went 
 to Long Beach, Washington, and in the fall of 1907 
 returned to Bozeman and lived in their comfortable 
 home at No. 318 Tracy avenue. In 1911 they moved 
 to their new home at 305 Bozeman avenue. South, and 
 on December 16, 1912, went to California to spend the 
 winter. 
 
 On October 28, 1869, Mr. Ruffner was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Sara J. Switzler, of Salt Lake City-, 
 daughter of James L. Switzler, a native of Virginia. 
 Seven children have been born to this union, namely : 
 011 a M.. the wife of Harry K. Brown, now residing 
 
880 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 at Berkeley, California; Charles S., county treasurer of 
 Callatin county, who married Grace Pound and has 
 one daughter ; Lester, who married Beatrice Schmall- 
 houscn ; Stella A., who was married December i6, 
 1912, to Raymond Baker, a partner in the Crown Scenic 
 Studio, Bozeman ; Leila, who makes her home with 
 her parents; a child who died in infancy; and Fred- 
 erick Eugene, who died at the age of eight years. 
 
 During the years of his activity as a rancher, Mr. 
 Ruffner displayed marked ability and business acumen, 
 and his property of six hundred acres, in the Gallatin 
 valley, was a model of neatness and prosperity. In 
 addition to large crops of wheat, oats, barley and hay, 
 he was successful in raising valuable cattle and sheep, ^ 
 his buildings were of the most modern and substantial 
 construction, and he was looked upon as one of the 
 leading ranchmen of his district. A friend of educa- 
 tion, morality and good citizenship, he allied himself 
 with every movement for the public welfare, and 
 served for a number of years as a member of the 
 school board. He ever took a keen interest in both the 
 Association of Pioneers of Montana and the Pioneer 
 Society of Gallatin County, and is still highly valued 
 in both, having served as president of the former in 
 1898, and of the latter in 1910. 
 
 Samuel T. Hauser. Among the earliest pioneers 
 in the van of advancing civilization in the northwest 
 was Hon. Samuel T. Hauser, ex-governor of the ter- 
 ritory of Montana, one of the forceful and energetic 
 factors that brought fruition to the hopes of the most 
 sanguine optimists concerning the welfare of this 
 young commonwealth. To outline his career during the 
 territorial and state epochs is to sketch much of the 
 history of the country which he has seen emerge from 
 the ruggedness of a wilderness to become the home 
 communities of cultured, refined and progressive citi- 
 zens, and when, in 1885, President Cleveland named 
 him governor of the territory, the appointment called 
 forth from the people of Montana uniform approval 
 and endorsement. 
 
 Samuel T. Hauser was born in Falmouth, Pendle- 
 ton county, Kentucky, on January 10, 1833. His early 
 education, the foundation of wider scholastic attain- 
 ments, was received in the public schools, and in 1854, 
 when he was twenty-one years old, he removed to 
 Missouri, where as a civil engineer he was employed 
 by different railroad companies. Later he served as 
 assistant engineer in building the Missouri Pacific and 
 Northern Pacific Railroads, and was chief engineer 
 on the Lexington branch of the former, the division 
 extending from Lexington to Sedalia, Missouri, and 
 he held this important office until 1862. In the earlier 
 half of that year he came up the Missouri to Fort 
 Benton, and in June crossed the country to the head- 
 waters of the Columbia river, where he prospected for 
 gold for a time. The same year he came to Bannack, 
 tlien just opening its treasures to the industrious 
 nlacer miner, and in the autumn he trailed down the 
 Yellowstone over the Lewis and Clarke course. The 
 history of this, the “Yellowstone expedition of 1863,” 
 the story of its hardships, its perils and its romance, 
 is one of the most thrilling in the annals that chronicle 
 the “winning of the west,” and among that adventurous 
 band of sturdy pioneers, opening to advancing thou- 
 sands a new world, teeming with mineral wealth and 
 affording perennial and luxurious pasturage for mil- 
 lions of cattle and sheep, none was more indefatig- 
 able. none braver and none more sagacious and re- 
 sourceful than Governor Hauser. The history of this 
 civil-rnilitary enterprise is preserved in the journal of 
 Captain James Stuart and in the ably collated reminis- 
 cences of Governor Hauser. There were Mteen men 
 in the party. On the night of May 12. 1863. the party 
 was attacked by Indians, and a number of the men 
 were seriously wounded. Mr. Hauser received a 
 
 wound in the left breast, the ball passing through a 
 memorandum book in his shirt pocket and lodging in 
 a rib over his heart, the presence of the book saving 
 his life. His intrepid bravery was shown on more 
 than one instance during this trip, and of the expe- 
 dition a local history has said that it “must certainly 
 be credited with discovery of the Virginia mines and 
 the opening of the Yellowstone country. Through it 
 came the information and most of the enterprise which 
 placed Montana a leader among the territories within 
 a short time after the first American settlements were 
 made.” This was but one of the many distinguished 
 services which Mr. Flauser has rendered Montana. 
 
 It was at once seen that a new leader of men had 
 come to the territory and his abilities were speedily 
 recognized. In 1865, in company with M. P. Lang- 
 ford, Mr. Flauser organized a bank at Virginia City, 
 under the firm name of S. T. Hauser & Company. 
 But here his enterprise did not linger. Those were 
 days of action, industry and push. Soon afterward he 
 organized a mining company, and at Argenta he built 
 the first furnace erected in the territory. He con- 
 tinued the work of injecting life, strong commercial 
 life, into various communities. He organized in 1866 
 the First National Bank of Helena, the St. Louis 
 Mining Company at Phillipsburg, later the Hope Min- 
 ing Company, and here was erected the first silver mill 
 of the territory. Other financial institutions which 
 sprang into being through his action were the First 
 National Bank of Butte, the First National of Fort 
 Benton and the First National of Missoula. Governor 
 Hauser then associated himself with other enterpris- 
 ing capitalists and built these railroads : Helena & 
 Boulder Valley, Flelena & Jefferson County, Drummon 
 & Phillipsburg, Helena & Red Mountain, Helena North- 
 ern, and Missoula & Bitter Root Valley. Fie also or- 
 ganized the Helena & Livingston Smelting & Reduc- 
 tion Company. Governor Hauser is a Democrat, and 
 in the councils of Democracy his influence has been 
 one of potency, while he has been an earnest and able 
 exponent of and worker in the heat of numerous 
 campaigns. In 1884 he was a delegate to the Dem- 
 ocratic national convention, in which he was one of 
 the committee to notify the nominees, Cleveland and 
 Flendricks, of their nomination. In July, 1885, Presi- 
 dent Cleveland named him as governor of the terri- 
 tory of Montana, and he was its first resident gover- 
 nor. After a service of eighteen months he resigned 
 the gubernatorial office, his administration being one 
 of signal discrimination and ability, one which con- 
 served the best interests of the territory. In his fra- 
 ternal relations Mr. Hauser is identified with the time- 
 honored order of Freemasons. In 1871 Governor 
 Hauser was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Far- 
 rar, a daughter of a distinguished physician of St. 
 Louis, Missouri, and of this union two children have 
 been born, Ellen and Samuel Thomas, Jr. The fine 
 presence of Governor ^Hauser and his manly char- 
 acter have endeared him to all with whom »he has 
 met in business or social relations. 
 
 Governor Hauser’s long connection with civil en- 
 gineering led him into scenes that were often thrilling 
 and sometimes involved personal peril. We will give 
 one heretofore unpublished episode in his career that is 
 replete with realism. It occurred a few months sub- 
 sequent to the breaking out of the Civil war, and 
 the scene was in Missouri, where the Governor was 
 assisting in the construction of a railroad in some of 
 the “back counties.” He learned that a man was to 
 be tried for his life by a justice of the peace. To 
 Mr. Hauser this proceeding appeared strange and un- 
 warranted, and with a friend who was a resident of the 
 locality, he went to the “court,” where they found a 
 young man of not unprepossessing appearance charged 
 with placing poison in a spring. There was no evidence 
 whatever to indicate that poison had ever been put 
 

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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 881 
 
 into the spring, but the court had evidently been con- 
 vened to convict the prisoner, and this was done 
 quickly. The condemned man was led to a neighbor- 
 ing grove, a rope was thrown over a limb of a tree 
 and he was asked if he had anything to say. ^ He re- 
 plied that he was innocent of the alleged crime, and 
 requested that his mother might be informed of what 
 he had said as he thus stood in the shadow of death. 
 The pathetic incident and the wrong of it aroused the 
 indignation of Mr. Hauser and he loudly protested 
 that the proceedings were unlawful and that no justice 
 court in the Union held jurisdiction over human life. 
 Instantly a hundred malignant faces were turned toward 
 the intruder on Missouri “justice,” and he was vigor- 
 ously cursed as a Yankee. His friend tried to explain 
 that Mr. Hauser was a Kentuckian, but the mob was 
 obdurate. At that instant his friend, a powerful 
 athlete, suddenly pulled him from his horse in time 
 to avoid his being shot by one of the guards, and then 
 threw him upon his horse and started homeward at 
 a gallop. The daring efforts of Mr. Hauser were 
 made in vain, and, as subsequently ascertained, an 
 innocent man was lynched. Mr. Hauser wrote to 
 Senator Vest, who was then publishing a paper at 
 Boonville, Missouri, and in which he printed the let- 
 ter. It in time found its way to that section, and as 
 a result the Governor was warned to leave the country, 
 but he remained and completed his work. This was 
 but one incident of the many exciting and tragical 
 scenes through which he passed in the old times, and 
 it illustrates both his kindly qualities of mind and 
 heart, and his courage. In conclusion we will briefly 
 advert to his genealogy. His father, also Samuel T. 
 Hauser, was born in North Carolina, and was gradu- 
 ated from the university of that state in 1817, with 
 the degree of A. B. A lawyer of eminence, he served 
 with distinction on the bench of Kentucky, his later 
 home, and where he was united in marriage to Miss 
 Mary A. Kenneth, of that state. They had four sons 
 and three daughters. The paternal grandfather of 
 Governor Hauser was George Hauser, born in Ger- 
 many, whence he immigrated to the United States 
 prior to the Revolution, in which he served in the North 
 Carolina troops, in which state he died. 
 
 Phillip Lovell. The death, in June, 1907, of Phillip 
 Lovell, of Dillon, Montana, removed another of the old 
 pioneer ranchers from the ranks. Mr. Lovell had been 
 a rancher in Beaverhead county for many years and, 
 although he had retired from active business at the 
 tirne of his death, he was always deeply interested in 
 this phase of Montana life. He was a large land holder 
 and an influential and prominent citizen, at various 
 times holding important offices of public trust. 
 
 Mr. Lovell was a native of England, having been born 
 there on the 12th of April, 1840, the eldest of five 
 children of Jonathan and Ann Abbey Lovell. It was 
 in 1862 that he came to Montana and settled in Beaver- 
 head county. He located in Bannack, and first became 
 engaged in the butchering business, in which he con- 
 tinued for a number of years. In 1872 he gave up this 
 work to go into the ranching business, his ranch being 
 located nine miles south of Dillon. While carrying on 
 an active stock business he was also engaged in general 
 farming. _ In 1902 he removed to Dillon and retired 
 from active business, living quietly in the citv until his 
 death. 
 
 Politically Mr. Lovell believed in the principles of the 
 Democratic party, though he always believed in voting 
 for the man who was best fitted in his eyes for the 
 office, regardless of party. In 1880 he was elected on 
 the Democratic ticket as county commissioner of 
 Beaverhead county, his term extending over a period 
 of six years. In 1893 he_ served as a World’s Fair com- 
 missioner to the Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He 
 was a member of the Pioneer Society and in the fra- 
 
 ternal world was a leading member of the Masonic 
 order and belonged to the St. Elmo Commandery, 
 Knights Templar. Upon his death he left a large estate, 
 his landed property consisting of some three thousand 
 acres. Both he and his wife were communicants of 
 the Protestant Episcopal church. 
 
 Mr. Lovell was married on July 19, 1875, to Mrs. 
 Ellen Thompson, a daughter of John and Susan 
 (Showers) McGowen. Her father was born in Penn- 
 sylvania and her mother in New Jersey, but they both 
 passed away in Fulton county, Ohio, where her father 
 was a farmer. Mrs. Lovell was born in Morrow county, 
 Ohio, though she was reared in Fulton county, in the 
 same state. By her first marriage she had one son, 
 Frank Thompson, who is now fifty years of age. 
 
 Simon Pepin. A pioneer of Montana, Simon Pepin 
 was one of the founders of the city of Havre and one 
 of the most substantial pillars of its subsequent pros- 
 perity, and for many years has controlled and directed 
 some of the largest productive resources in the north- 
 ern portion of the state. A history of Montana during 
 the last thirty years would not be complete without 
 reference to him, one of its most substantial char- 
 acters. 
 
 Simon Pepin, of French stock on both sides, was 
 born at St. Michael, Canada, December 20, 1840. His 
 father, Samuel, was born in the same locality, as was 
 also his mother, Mary (Peprino) Pepin, who died 
 when her son Simon was four years old. The par- 
 ents were substantial but unassuming farming people. 
 
 In his native town Simon was reared and educated 
 up to his sixteenth year, at which time he left home 
 and began his practical career. Without capital and 
 without influence to place him on the road to fortune,' 
 he found the way by his o\yn ability and determina- 
 tion, and, through all the chances of a rugged career, 
 has steadily advanced to prosperity and influence. 
 From 1856 to 1863 he was employed in a brick yard 
 at Saco, Maine. In the spring of 1863 he joined the 
 tide of emigration to the west, and from Omaha made 
 the trip overland, with an ox team, traveling in this 
 way around by Salt Lake City to Virginia City, Mon- 
 tana, where he arrived the following November. 
 
 In the spring of 1864 he entered the service of the 
 noted Diamond R. Freighting Company, and was con- 
 nected with that famous transportation business until 
 the company was dissolved in 1890. In the meantime, 
 in_ 1875, he had begun on a small scale as a cattle 
 raiser, this being at first a side issue to his regular 
 work, but by yearly increases and extensions he be- 
 came eventually one of the largest cattle raisers of 
 the state, and to the majority of old residents his name 
 is probably associated most familiarly with this great 
 industry. His experience as a freighter was full of 
 incident and adventure. For fifteen years he made 
 regular trips to the various towns and trading posts 
 throughout the vast territory covered by the opera- 
 tions of the Diamond R. company, from Salt Lake 
 City on the south to Fort Benton on the north. Dur- 
 ing all that time the life of the freighter was a daily 
 round of hardsliip and hazard. From 1879 to 1890 
 he had charge of the company’s transportation con- 
 tracts with the government at Fort Assiniboine. Since 
 1882 his cattle and land interests have been located 
 principally in Chouteau and Teton counties. His 
 home ranch is two miles from Havre on the north side 
 of Milk river, and in recent years under his manage- 
 ment has become one of the model farms in this vicin- 
 ity. 
 
 When he first made his headquarters in this locality, 
 Havre was not yet a townsite and onlv a few cabins 
 were scattered about in the neighborhood. He and 
 his partner, E. T. Broadwater, whose part in the affair 
 is described on other pages, were the prime movers in 
 founding the town and getting this place as a division 
 
882 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 point on the railroad, the success of their efforts being 
 chiclly responsible for the subsequent upbuilding of this 
 connnercial center. Mr. Pepin is president and senior 
 partner of the Broadwater-Pepin Company, which owns 
 many business blocks, miscellaneous buildings in Plavre 
 and lands in the surrounding district. He is also one 
 of the principal stockholders in the Security State 
 Bank of Havre, and has interested himself in prac- 
 tically all of the important enterprises which have con- 
 tributed to the commercial progress of the city. Mr. 
 Pepin has never married. Pie is one of the best known 
 among the pioneers of Montana, has enjoyed a large 
 share of the prosperity of the Treasure state, and as 
 a public-spirited citizen has returned much for the 
 permanent upbuilding and welfare of his portion of 
 this commonwealth. 
 
 1 I.\RRY jMarshai.l Ramsey. Prominent among the 
 business men of Billings who are making this city one of 
 the large commercial centers of this part of the west 
 is Harry IMarshall Ramsey, who has met with e.\cep- 
 tional success as a dealer in fine horses. Mr. Ramsey 
 is essentially a product of the west, having been born at 
 a mining camp near South Pass, Wyoming, November 
 17, 1872, and is a son of John Marshall and Roselia A. 
 (McDonald) Ramsey. 
 
 John Marshall Ramsey was born in Loveland, Cler- 
 mont county, Ohio, June 7, 1842, and received his edu- 
 cation at his native place, after which he learned the 
 trade of carpenter and wheelwright. When he was only 
 nineteen years of age he entered the Union service dur- 
 ing the Civil war, serving as a messenger under General 
 Co.x in Rosecran's division. When he had completed his 
 army service he went to California, via the isthmus of 
 Panama, but after spending a short time in prospecting 
 for gold, traveled overland through Idaho and entered 
 Montana during the sixties. Settling first at Last 
 Chance Gulch, he subsequently moved on to Virginia 
 City, and later was engaged in gold mining and trading 
 with the Indians on the present site of the city of 
 Helena, after which he went to Fort Benton. There 
 he assisted in building boats covered with rawhide, 
 which was effectual in causing the bullets from the In- 
 dians’ guns to deflect, and in 1868 went down the 
 Missouri river with a partv to Omaha. In 1869 or 1870, 
 Mr. Ramsey went with the Union Pacific Railroad to 
 Cheyenne, where he assisted in building the first house 
 in -that city, and then entered the service of the United 
 States government for a time, being engaged in work- 
 ing at his trade. At Fort Stambeau, Wyoming, he par- 
 ticipated in a number of raids with the troops against 
 the Indians, and later, with his wife and children, ac- 
 companied the troops to Fort Custer, where he was 
 engaged in the cattle business until 1882, having 
 brought the animals from Wyoming. In that year Mr. 
 R.amsey came overland to the present site of Billings, 
 where he spent the summer, and then removed to 
 Golden Creek, on the Musselshell river, continuing in 
 the cattle business at that point until 1883, when he 
 sold his interests to the Courtland Cattle Company and 
 located in Billings, where during the winter of 1883-84 
 he conducted a roller skating rink, the first of its kind 
 in Billings. In 1885 he engaged in the livery business, 
 under the firm name of Ramsey and Smith, an associa- 
 tion which continued until 1889, and from that time 
 until his retirement he gave his attention to the horse 
 ranch conducted by himself and son, under the firm 
 name of John iM. Ramsey & Son, and which had its 
 inception in 1884. Mr. Ramsey was elected sheriff of 
 Yellowstone county at the first state election in 1889, 
 serving in that position with universal satisfaction for 
 six years. That Mr. Ramsey was held in the highest 
 esteem in his adopted city was demonstrated bv the 
 following order, issued October 10, 1911, by the Grand 
 Masonic Chapter of the State, of which we quote only 
 a part : “To all Grand Chapters in Correspondence with 
 
 the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Montana: 
 to the Grand Officers and all Subordinate Chapters, R. 
 A. M. of Montana. Companions : 1 he working tools 
 have fallen from the hands of a skilled craftsman who 
 has labored faithfully in our quarries for many years — 
 R. E. Companion John M. Ramsey, Past Grand Scribe. 
 After but a week's illness Companion Ramsey passed 
 away on Sunday, September 24, 1911, at his home in 
 Bilhngs, Montana, death being due to peritonitis. PI is 
 burial services were conducted by Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, 
 of Billings, on September 26, with a Templar escort 
 from Aldemar Commandery, No. 5. At the graveside 
 Excellent Companion Arthur C. Logan delivered a 
 beautiful though impromptu eulogy upon the life and 
 services of our departed companion. Companion Ram- 
 sey was a sturdy character, whose sterling virtues and 
 unfailing courtesy won for him the lasting affection 
 of his neighbors, friends and brethren. * * * jqis 
 
 wife survives him and besides her are two sons, Plarry 
 of Billings, and Arthur of Roseburg, Oregon, and one 
 daughter, Mrs. Gerald Panton, and Mrs. Ed. Goulding, 
 a stepdaughter, both residents of Billings. Only a short 
 time before his illness there had been a family reunion 
 and the heart of the father was rejoiced in the pride 
 of haying his wife and children about him. His Masonic 
 association of forty years he cherished highly; was a 
 splendid exemplar of its precepts and a faithful devotee 
 of its teachings. It was in 1886 that he affiliated with 
 Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, of Billings, and in 1889 he served 
 as its master. P'or two years he served as king of 
 Billings Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., and became its high 
 priest in 1896. At its organization he became a member 
 of Aldemar Commandery No. 5, K.- T., but held none 
 but an appointive office therein. When the command- 
 ery was instituted, he was appointed standard bearer, 
 and with the exception of one year, filled the position 
 by reappointment until his death. In 1894, when the 
 Grand Chapter met in Billings, he was honored by the 
 election to the position of grand scribe. He did not at- 
 tend subsequent annual meetings but was beloved by his 
 companions in Billings, and throughout the state where- 
 ever known. 
 
 "The following tribute is quoted from his home 
 paper: ‘The friends of John M. Ramsey included all 
 with whom he came in contact, for there never was a 
 man in the community who possessed in a higher degree 
 the charm of attracting the love and friendship of those 
 with whom he associated, and this was effected without 
 any conscious effort of his own and solely by the kindli- 
 ness and geniality which seemed to radiate from his 
 presence. Enemies he had none, and no man had so 
 many and such devoted friends. In his family he was a 
 most kind and affectionate husband and father, and those 
 he leaves behind him, now mourning and broken- 
 hearted, will ever cherish with loving memory his 
 kindly thoughtfulness and tenderness. Of the tenets 
 of Freemasonry he was a loyal follower, and held the 
 ancient craft in high esteem. In his life of brotherly 
 love no member better e.xemplified the principles of the 
 order, in which he was at various times elevated to high 
 office. As a public officer he discharged his duties with 
 fidelity to his trust. He tempered, so far as possible, 
 justice with mercy, but never flinched from any task, 
 however dangerous or onerous which it was his duty to 
 perform. The generous heart which throbbed only with 
 kindly impulses beats no more the hand ever open to 
 relieve distress or suffering lies nerveless across his 
 breast; the genial smile which reflected the goodness 
 within the man will no more be seen by mortal eyes ; 
 but the memory of all that was good and true in John 
 Ramsey will long remain with this community, an in- 
 centive- for all who knew him to a better, kinder and 
 more loving life.’ 
 
 “As a token of respect to the memory of our beloved 
 companion it is ordered that this memorial be read at 
 the next regular convocations of the chapters within 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 883 
 
 this jurisdiction and that suitable mention be made of 
 it in your records. 
 
 “Fraternally submitted, Harry ivl. Allen, Grand High 
 Priest. 
 
 "Attest Cornelius Hedges, Jr., Grand Secretary.” 
 
 The eulogy which was mentioned above as being 
 given by A. C. Logan follows: “Dear Friends — I am 
 conducting this burial service at the reqqest of our 
 brother while among us, who on different occasions 
 requested that I should connnit this earthly tabernacle 
 to its native elements, earth to earth, ashes to ashes, 
 dust to dust, there to remain until the sounding of the 
 last trumpet. This I have done to the best of my abilitv, 
 according to the limitations prescribed by our ritual. 
 
 “In closing I am constrained to overstep the preroga- 
 tives of the ceremonials, and take advantage of the op- 
 portunity offered to address a few words to the living, 
 believing that the life and death of our deceased brother 
 is a fitting text for our consideration, and to that end 
 I beg your kind indulgence for the few moments I shall 
 occupy, and I trust that my efforts may be of such 
 nature as to receive your endorsement. 
 
 “We are assembled today, to offer up before the world ^ 
 the last said tribute of our affection and esteem to , 
 the memory of one beloved while here on earth. We 
 have dropped the sympathetic tear and wrapped about 
 his foibles, whatever they may have been, the broad 
 mantle of Masonic charity; as perfection on earth has 
 never yet been attained, the wisest as well as the best of 
 men have gone astray, therefore we will not withhold 
 from his memory the commendation his virtues are en- 
 titled to at our hands. 
 
 “We are gathered about this narrow house prepared 
 to receive the lifeless clay which has performed for 
 three score years and ten, man’s full allotted _ span for 
 his pilgrimage here below, its mission of serving as an 
 earthly habitat. No more worthy tenant ever inhabited 
 earthly domicile, than he who so recently burst the 
 bonds that bound him. 
 
 “This grave, that coffin, contain nothing that should 
 cause a tear or a pang other than the memories they 
 excite ; they are empty, meaningless, and no longer a 
 part or parcel of him we knew. This bank of beautiful 
 flowers, the symbol of affection of surviving friends 
 typify the beauty of his life. 
 
 “John Ramsey’s life was a beautiful exemplification 
 of manly traits and virtues, and embodies all those ele- 
 ments, essential to constitute an ideal life, as if the gods 
 had all conspired to place their imprint to give the 
 world evidence of a man. His greatest charm was his 
 modest and retiring nature, and shrinking from ostenta- 
 tious display at all times and on all occasions. For in 
 his magnanimity he rejoiced more in the success of his 
 friends than in any achievement of self. 
 
 “In the state and nation he was a patriotic, law abid- 
 ing and consistent citizen ; in official life a brave and 
 fearless officer, never shrinking from danger or priva- 
 tion while in the discharge of duty and never remiss 
 in the performance of them, except when he was called 
 upon officially to perform some service that would dis- 
 tress a friend or his family, as many instances are re- 
 corded and others known, where his purse relieved the 
 unfortunate and he himself became the bearer of the 
 burden. Misfortune and grief of others appealed deeply 
 to his generous nature, selfishness was a personage he 
 never knew. In his family he was a patient and indul- 
 gent husband and father; in the community, amid the 
 daily walks of life, a cheerful companion and an in- 
 spiration, ever looking and leading to the bright side 
 and taking optimistic views of all things. He was 
 never known to speak disparagingly of anyone except 
 of those whose life was a menace to society and decency. 
 
 “As a member of. the Masonic fraternity, to which he 
 was deeply attached during a period covering most of 
 his adult career, he was recognized as a prominent 
 pillar. We knew him in scenes that the world knew not 
 vni. ri— 
 
 of, and phases of his character were exhibited that 
 enable us to speak of him with reverence and admira- 
 tion. 
 
 “As a Master Mason, he practiced all the virtues in- 
 culcated in the moral code of ethics taught by symbolic 
 ritual and tradition; as a Knight Templar, he was a firm 
 believer and adherent to the Christian religion, profess- 
 ing faith in the immortality of the soul, and the cruci- 
 fixion and ascension of our blessed Saviour, and we 
 who knew him best believe that he is entitled to all the 
 glory and awards that await the valiant Knight, who 
 believes in and practices the Christian virtues. 
 
 “To the Brothers who survive him, especially to those 
 who have reached the meridian of their existence and 
 are descending the western slope, this address is fraught 
 with feelings of deep meaning and interest, and as I 
 recall the memories of the past, let me exhort you to 
 realize the importance of considering the present and 
 the future ere it is too late. We should all be im- 
 pressed with the solemnity of the occasion, and resolve 
 that we will consider more seriously our approaching 
 fate, and make preparations for the coming of that 
 ‘grim messenger.’ We have ascended the long and 
 weary road from youth to manhood by different avenues 
 and our paths are marked by various degrees of success 
 Each of you, I believe, has done the best you could ac- 
 cording to the opportunity and the light afforded. We 
 have reached the zenith of our power, and in looking 
 backward if we can feel that we have lightened the 
 load and encouraged an erring or discouraged Brother 
 by our word or example, it will be a light to our feet 
 as we descend rapidly and almost imperceptibly the 
 grade to that ‘bourne from which no traveller ever 
 returns.’ We know not how soon the friends who now 
 surround us may be called upon to perform the sad 
 rites of consigning our bodies to their last resting place. 
 
 “To the younger members who are just starting on 
 their career characterized by the enthusiasm that is the 
 heritage of youth, and buoyed up by hopes of future 
 wealth and position, the road may appear long and 
 the burden heavy, but remember that you are girded 
 with the breast-plate of righteousness. My earnest 
 prayer is that you may be successful in avoiding the 
 numerous snares and pitfalls that ever beset the path of 
 youth. That you may not fall an early victim to that 
 relentless tyrant, death, who ‘reaps the bearded grain 
 with a breath, and the flowers that grow between’ for 
 the arm of friendship, the wealth of the world, the in- 
 nocence of youth and the charms of beauty can not inter- 
 pose to prevent his coming. May you all be spared to 
 realize your fondest hopes and the full fruition of your 
 ambition. 
 
 “Let me address a final word to you while standing 
 on the brink of the grave of one you loved, who was 
 your friend and mentor. Let me admonish you to 
 imitate his pure and blameless life, his utter aliena- 
 tion of self, and follow in the steps of this great man ; 
 for he was great, because to be great is to be good. 
 
 “And as we return at the close of these ceremonies 
 to our Masonic Hall and view the vacant chair draped 
 in mourning, we shall miss him whose mortal part lies 
 before us clad in the habiliments of the grave, but this 
 lump of earth is not our Brother. He still lives ; he 
 will be with us and we shall feel his presence in our 
 heart of hearts. 
 
 “And now in conclusion, to the relatives of the de- 
 ceased we have but little of this world’s comfort to 
 offer. We deeply, truly, and sincerely sympathize with 
 you in your affliction, and participate in a degree at least 
 in the consolation afforded you that he whom you mourn 
 lived respected, died lamented and has left behind him 
 a monument that will stand when chiseled stone and 
 storied urn have passed away and are forgotten by the 
 generations yet to come. 
 
 “And now, dear friends, if any words that I have 
 uttered have suggested thoughts which shall have found 
 
884 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 a resting place in your heart for future resolve or 
 good, I shall have great cause for rejoicing, and feel 
 that I have not taxed your time and patience in vain.” 
 
 Harry Marshall Ramsey spent his boyhood days un- 
 der the parental roof, his education being secured in the 
 public schools of Billings. When he was only twelve 
 years of age he showed such business ability and sa- 
 gacity that his father took him to the horse ranch at 
 Golden Creek, on the Musselshell river, and when his 
 father became sheriff of the county in 1889 the youth 
 was made a deputy. In 1895 Mr. Ramsey went to 
 Aransas Pass, Texas, where he erected a hotel and spent 
 one year, subsequently moving to Houston, where he 
 spent the winter of 1897. Another year was spent at 
 Temple, Bell county, Texas, and he then returned to 
 Billings and engaged in buying and selling horses 
 with his father, the firm continuing as John Ramsey 
 & Son until the time of his father’s death, since which 
 time Mr. Ramsey has continued in business alone. He 
 is a member of Billings Lodge, No. 394, Benevolent 
 Protective Order of Elks, and in political matters is a 
 stanch Republican. 
 
 In April, 1901, Mr. Ramsey was united in marriage 
 with Miss Lena B. Tweedle, who was born in Bell 
 county, Texas, daughter of William and Nancy 
 (Kagen) Tweedle. Mr. and Mrs. Ramsey have had one 
 son ; Harry Darrel, born October 10, 1904. Mr. Ram- 
 sey is successfully carrying on the business founded by 
 his father and is a worthy representative of that hon- 
 ored pioneer. He takes a great interest in all matters 
 pertaining to the welfare of Billings, and is ready at all 
 times to assist in forwarding movements calculated to 
 make for advancement. He and his wife reside at No. 
 928 North Thirtieth street, where their many friends 
 are always sure of a warm and hospitable welcome. 
 
 Harrison Brown. The fortunes of Harrison Brown 
 have been identical with those of the state of Montana 
 since, the year 1863, when he came as a boy of fourteen 
 years to this state, then a part of Idaho. He is a native 
 Missourian, born in Jasper county, near the town of 
 Carthage, on the 25th of November, 1845, and is the 
 son of David G. and Susan (Gormely) Brown, both 
 of whom were born and reared and passed their lives in 
 the state of Missouri. 
 
 The early schooling of Harrison Brown did not ex- 
 tend beyond his fourteenth year, for in that year he 
 left his home in Missouri and came to the west, stop- 
 ping for the winter of 1863 in Alder Gulch. In the 
 following summer (1864) he went to Bannack in 
 Beaverhead county, there engaging in mining opera- 
 tions, and this county has represented his home from 
 that time to the present. He devoted himself to mine 
 work until 1867 and in that year, though but a lad_ in 
 years, he returned his attention to independent farming 
 and stock raising, that being the business in which he 
 had been reared at home. Today Mr. Brown has a 
 fine ranch of three hundred and twenty acres situated 
 some six miles northwest of Grant in Beaverhead 
 county, which is given over to the stock and grain 
 business. For a number of years he was interested in 
 cattle raising, but some time ago he withdrew entirely 
 from the cattle business and since then horse raising 
 has been his chief interest. 
 
 Mr. Brown has led an interesting and exciting life in 
 the west, having passed through the years of lawless- 
 ness which characterized this section in its early days 
 of development, but which have long since been replaced 
 with manners and customs similar to those found in 
 more easterly districts. In the Indian depredations he 
 experienced his full share of annoyance, and played an 
 important part in the Nez Perce war in assisting in car- 
 ing for the unprotected during those days of terror. 
 When a boy in Virginia City in 1864 he witnessed the 
 hanging of five lawless characters in a partially com- 
 pleted building which was originally designed for a 
 
 drug store by one “Bill” Morrison, but it served nicely 
 as a gallows on this hurried occasion. Other inci- 
 dents of a similar nature have marked his career and 
 he has a ripe and comprehensive knowledge of early 
 Montana. 
 
 Mr. Brown is a Democrat, staunch and true, and has 
 been active in the ranks of the party in his district. 
 He is a member of the Society of Montana Pioneers. 
 He has a wide acquaintance in the state and is the inti- 
 mate friend of W. A. Clark of Montana mining fame. 
 
 Warren C. Gillette.. Flalf a century has passed 
 since Warren C. Gillette came to Montana. He was an 
 important factor in the development of the localities in 
 which he resided and was one of the worthy pioneers 
 of the state, recognized as a prosperous stockgrower 
 on Dearborn river in the vicinity of Craig. The mental, 
 moral, social and material development and advance- 
 ment of the state ever received his support, and he 
 served in positions of trust and responsibility. Mr. Gil- 
 ette was born in Orleans, Ontario county. New York, 
 on March 10, 1832, and died September 8, 1912, at the 
 home of his cousin, W. F. Parker, in Helena, Montana. 
 His original American ancestors were French Hugue- 
 nots, who located in Connecticut. There was born in 
 1802 Orimel Gillette, the father of our Montana pioneer, 
 and his brother, Caleb Gillette, was likewise a native of 
 Connecticut, In early manhood Orimel Gillette removed 
 to New York, where he married Miss Julia E. Ferris, 
 born in that state. They settled in Oneida county, 
 where the father for many years practiced medicine, liv- 
 ing to the age of four score years, his wife passing away 
 at the age of sixty. Of their two sons and three daugh- 
 ters, Warren C. was the eldest. He never married, nor 
 did his sister, Eliza P., who was his housekeeper and 
 devoted companion until her death. 
 
 Warren Caleb Gillette, after attending the public 
 schools, pursued his studies in Oberlin College, Ohio, 
 leaving that institution in 1850 and staying for a time 
 in Columbus, after which he returned to New York 
 and was engaged as a clerk in Oneida county until 
 1855, when he removed to Chicago and entered the em- 
 ploy of E. R. Kellogg & Company, wholesale hatters 
 and furriers, continuing with this firm until 1859, and 
 in that year he engaged in the same line of business as 
 a retailer at Galena, Illinois, conducting the enterprise 
 for two years. In the summer of 1861 Mr. Gillette once 
 more returned east and was occupied in the manufac- 
 ture of furs in New York city until the spring of 1862, 
 when the discovery of gold in Montana led him hither. 
 His intention was to make Salmon river his destina- 
 tion, and at St. Louis he embarked on the steamer 
 “Shreveport” and came up the Missouri, disembarking 
 between the mouth of the Milk river and old Fort 
 Union, as low water prevented further progress by 
 boat. After remaining in camp. about a week the party 
 started overland to Fort Benton. Two days later they 
 met a large band of Assiniboine and Crow Indians, and 
 the younger ones were inclined to stop the journey of 
 the party up the river, while some of the older chiefs 
 were in favor of letting the emigrants do as they 
 ])leased. The Indians determined to hold a council and 
 decide upon the course to be pursued, and the council 
 was held that night, but the emigrants had concluded to 
 return to their camp on Milk river and in the morning 
 turned their teams in that direction, whereupon the In- 
 dians informed them that they must go up the river, as 
 the council had decided that they might do so, and 
 insisted that the white men ought not now to turn 
 back. So, going toward Fort Benton, they arrived there 
 in September, but soon went on to the old town of 
 Montana City on Prickly Pear creek, where they went 
 into camp. They called the place Camp Indecision, 
 because they here learned of the discovery of gold at 
 Bannack, and waited here until they could send a dele- 
 
HISTORY OF MOXTAXA 
 
 885 
 
 gation and learn the true state of affairs at Bannack, 
 and something of its attractions as a place of settlement. 
 They, however, remained at the camp until their belated 
 supplies reached Fort Benton and they then transported 
 them with mule and ox teams to Deer Lodge, once 
 known as LaBarge City. Here Mr. Gillette purchased a 
 cabin of C. A. Broadwater, intending to occupy it as a 
 store, but as Bannack was far more prosperous, he 
 proceeded to that place, arriving in December, 1862. He 
 brought his stock of goods, an assortment of miners’ 
 suppfies principally, bringing the goods on pack horses 
 in three trips from Fort Benton to Bannack. On one 
 of these trips the Indians stole all of his horses while he 
 was encamped on Sun river, not far distant from the 
 site of Great Falls. He recovered nearly one half of 
 the animals and obtained enough more from the Ameri- 
 can Fur Company to enable him to continue his trip 
 to Bannack. A year later he transferred his stock to 
 Alder gulch, where gold was discovered in 1863, and 
 was in general trade in Virginia City until 1865, being 
 associated with James King. 
 
 Upon the discovery of gold in Last Chance gulch, 
 they brought their stock to Helena, following the rush 
 of miners thither. Here King & Gillette were engaged 
 in the freighting and mercantile business from 1865 
 until 1869, and were in partnership in mining operations 
 until 1877. These earlier trips were attended with great 
 danger from both Indians and road agents, and Mr. Gil- 
 lette had many exciting experiences and narrow escapes. 
 He was one of the early promoters of the placer min- 
 ing system at Diamond City, and a service of great 
 public benefit was rendered by King & Gillette in their 
 Herculean task of opening the toll road of ten miles 
 down Little Prickly Pear canyon. The toll road saved 
 the travelers on the road between Helena and Fort 
 Benton from crossing the Lyon mountains and !\Iedi- 
 cine Rock, as it went down the canyon on the present 
 route of the Montana Central Railroad. This important 
 work was of inestimable value to the miners and other 
 settlers. The available equipment for the construction 
 of this road consisted of two plows, for which they 
 paid $175 each, and picks and shovels. The road was 
 completed in 1866 at a cost of $40,000, and this amount 
 was obtained from tolls within two years. Later the 
 travel declined, but the road was kept up until in 1875, 
 when the charter expired. King & Gillette were among 
 the largest operators in Confederate gulch, where they 
 employed a large number of men in the construction 
 of a bedrock flume, clearing up $10,000 in one season, 
 but it eventually caused them a loss of $60,000. They 
 closed their operations in 1877, and IMr. Gillette engaged 
 in sheep raising, with which industry he continued to be 
 occupied for more than a quarter century, having some 
 forty thousand acres of land and raising sheep on a 
 most extensive scale, his flocks averaging from six- 
 teen to twenty thousand head. He gave preference to 
 hlerino sheep as best adapted to this climate. He had a 
 fine ranch residence near Craig with modern improve- 
 ments and facilities, and after the death of his sister he 
 divided his time between this residence and Helena. 
 
 Mr. Gillette was a staunch Republican and took a 
 proper interest in the public affairs of both territory and 
 state. He was twice elected to the lower house of 
 the territorial legislature, and was a member of the 
 council, or higher deliberate body, for one term, and 
 was also a member of the convention which framed the 
 present constitution of ‘the state. In public affairs he 
 gave evidence of wise discrimination and mature judg- 
 ment, and his influence in the councils of his party were 
 ever of a helpful order. Mr. Gillette gained and re- 
 tained friends, and his unassuming but successful career 
 in Montana was an honor to the state. 
 
 In his passing Montana lost one of its oldest pio- 
 neers. and the event occasioned wide-spread sorrow, 
 especially among the old pioneers and all who were inti- 
 
 mate with him in his later years. Mr. Gillette was past 
 president of the Society of Montana Pioneers, and 
 ever active in the interests of that organization. 
 
 Andrew Van Corry. Departing this life on June 9, 
 1911, at the age of seventy-three years, eight months 
 and sixteen days, after long periods of strenuous ex- 
 ertion and decided usefulness in several different parts 
 of the country and under circumstances widely vary- 
 ing in character and requirements, the late Andrew 
 Van Corry, of Butte, in all his career showed himself 
 to be a man of unusual gifts and qualifications for 
 work of many kinds and ready adaptability to his sur- 
 roundings, however new and untried, and whatever 
 the conditions involved in them. He was left an 
 orphan at the age of twelve years by the death of 
 both parents. Boy as he then was, with no knowledge 
 of the great world, with all his standards and ideals 
 formed from his experiences in an old-fashioned rural 
 community, with a dreamy impression that the wild 
 west was the coming hope of his country and the 
 embodiment of opportunity for aspiring souls like 
 his, he journeyed some eight hundred miles in the 
 wake of the setting sun in search of chances to mend 
 and further make his fortunes and landed in what 
 is now a metropolis of the middle region of our coun- 
 try. and there found employment and remained a 
 number of years. His subsequent achievements will 
 be narrated in the following paragraphs, throughout 
 all of which it will appear that from his boyhood he 
 made his own way in the world, and that in the strug- 
 gle for advancement his chief asset was his self-re- 
 liance. 
 
 ]Mr. Corry was a native of the village of Newport, 
 Charles county, IMaryland, where his grandfather, the 
 progenitor of the American branch of the family, lo- 
 cated on his arrival from England in this country at 
 an early date, and where his own life began on Sep- 
 tember 13, 1837. In his native county he attended the 
 public schools until he reached the age of twelve 
 years, when, as has been noted, his parents died and 
 left him to his own resources. His father and his 
 grandfather were farmers, and while under their in- 
 fluence he worked at the same line of productive use- 
 fulness. 
 
 But when he walked out into the great world from 
 the darkened home in which he had been sheltered 
 and cared for from infancy and took up the battle 
 of life for himself, he did not adhere to the pur- 
 suit they had followed. He made his way to St. Louis, 
 and there found employment with the Simmons Hard- 
 ware Company, with which he remained several years. 
 At the age of twenty-one, with his faculties prema- 
 turely developed and stimulated to great activity by 
 the sense of personal responsibility he had been guided 
 by for years, he took another flight westward and 
 located at Georgetown, Colorado, where he engaged 
 in prospecting and the development of quartz prop- 
 erties, and in a short time acquired the ownership of 
 extensive mining interests in that then fruitful and 
 productive locality, in which he passed five years of 
 useful labor with good results. 
 
 In 1863 he followed the trend of the argonauts of 
 the period and came to Montana, locating at Ban- 
 nack. Later he was actively engaged in placer min- 
 ing in Alder Gulch for a number of years, and during 
 the last years of his residence in that region was 
 county recorder of Madison county. Before and dur- 
 ing his occupancy of this office he had many claims in 
 Alder Gulch, but he was only partially successful 
 in developing them in comparison with other miners 
 there then and before and since that time. 
 
 In 1879, at the end of his term as recorder of Madi- 
 son county, he moved to Butte, and here he main- 
 tained his residence until his death, on June 9, 1911. 
 His principal occupation in Butte was as manager of 
 
886 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 circulation for the Butte liilcr-Monntain and Anaconda 
 Standard, but while engaged in that he also kept up 
 his interest in the mining industry, and pushed the 
 development of his claims with as much energy as 
 he could command, and with all the resources avail- 
 able to him under the circumstances. 
 
 Mr. Corry was married at Florisant, Missouri, on 
 June 22, 1872, to Miss Anna Martha Ivlattingly, a 
 daughter of James and Mary Mattingly, old and es- 
 teemed residents of St. Louis county in that state. 
 To this union four children were born: Arthur Vin- 
 cent, whose life began in Virginia City, ^Montana, on 
 May 10, 1874 1 Clarence A., who was born at the same 
 place on June 13, 1876, and is now a resident of 
 Butte; Agnes P., who came into being on July 17, 
 1878, also in Virginia City, and is now the wife of 
 George B. McDonald, a prominent mining man of 
 Butte; and John, who was born in Butte on March 
 22, 1882, and died in that city on January 2, 1907. 
 
 Andrew V. Corry was renowned locally in iMasonic 
 circles, and at the time of his death was one of the 
 oldest Freemasons in the state of Montana. Fie was 
 a member of all the branches of the fraternity in 
 the York Rite up to and including the Knights Tem- 
 plar degree, and all in the Scottish Rite up to and 
 including the thirty-second degree. Fie was also a 
 Noble of the Mystic Shrine. But, while he was de- 
 voted to the fraternity and took an earnest interest 
 in its beneficent work, he was essentially a man of 
 domestic tastes, warmly devoted to his home and 
 its duties, and took but little interest otherwise in 
 fraternity or club life. In politics he was a firm and 
 faithful Democrat, and for many years very active in 
 the service of his party, but in the declining period 
 of his life he left political contentions and the work 
 involved in them to younger men. 
 
 Arthur Vincent Corry attended the schools of Butte 
 until within a year of his graduation from the high 
 school. Then, on account of a serious illness, he 
 was obliged to leave without finishing his course. But 
 when he was able he again took up his studies, at- 
 tending the University at Notre Dame, Indiana, from 
 1890 to 1893, and from 1894 to 1898 the Colorado School 
 of Mines, being graduated from the latter in the year 
 last mentioned with the degree of Engineer of Min- 
 ing. After leaving the University he practiced his 
 profession in different western states until 1902, then 
 returned to Butte, where he has been actively en- 
 gaged in professional work ever since. He has done 
 a great deal of work for large corporations, and has 
 also conducted extensive *mining operations on his 
 own account in Silver Bow, Jefferson and Granite 
 counties of this state, and had connection with other 
 enterprises of the same kind in other parts of this 
 state and others wherein mining industries abound. 
 Mr. Corry is a member of the firm of Harper, Mac- 
 donald & Company, Civil and Mining Engineers, with 
 offices at 203-4-9 Lewiston Building, Butte. 
 
 Mr. Arthur V. Corry is a member of the American 
 Institute of Mining Engineers and the Montana So- 
 ciety of Engineers. Socially he is prominent in the 
 Silver Bow Club of Butte, and in fraternal relations 
 belongs to the Order of Knights of Columbus. His 
 religious affiliation is with the Catholic church, in 
 whose behalf he is energetic and zealous, as he is in 
 connection with his lodge and every enterprise for 
 the improvement and progress of his community and 
 the benefit of its residents. 
 
 On September 20, 1903, he was united in marriage 
 in Butte with Miss Mary Armstrong, a daughter of 
 James J. and Anna (Leonard) Armstrong, natives 
 of Vancouver, British Columbia. Of this union one 
 child has been born, Andrew Vincent Corry, whose 
 life began in Missoula, on September 22, 1904, and 
 who is the light and life of the household, which is 
 a radiating point of social enjoyment in the com- 
 
 munity and a center of genuine hospitality to which 
 the hosts of friends of the family frequently resort. 
 The family home is located at 825 West Galena street, 
 Butte. 
 
 The father of the late Andrew Van Corry was a 
 soldier in the Civil war and lost his life on one of 
 its sanguinary battlefields. His son, the subject of 
 this review, was a man of great natural aptitude for 
 mathematical computations, and, although he had not 
 an extensive education, was capable of solving any 
 kind of an engineering problem. He was of a modest 
 and retiring disposition, never boastful of his attain- 
 ments or capacity, and seemingly unconscious of them. 
 Fie was also a man of generous and genuine practical 
 benevolence, but never made his works of charity 
 known to the public. He did his duty well, faithfully 
 and wisely in all the relations of life, without the 
 hope of reward except in the approval of his own 
 conscience, and his worth was all the more estimable 
 on that account. Fie was in many respects a remark- 
 able man, and was esteemed in life and is revered after 
 death as one of the best men this county has ever 
 numbered among its leading and most useful citizens. 
 
 Hon. G. W. Stapleton. One of Montana’s most 
 eminent legal counselors, and one of the sturdy char- 
 acters of the old days who had no small part in shaping 
 the destiny of the territory and state, belonged to a 
 niost able and brilliant coterie of lawyers, which flour- 
 ished exceedingly in territorial times and in the early 
 days of statehood, and included such men as Col. W. F. 
 Sanders, Mr. Warren Toole, Lion. Sam Word, Judge 
 Kirkpatrick, Hon. W. W. Dixon and others among its 
 numbers. Judge Stapleton was one of the forceful 
 men of Montana,' and no history of that commonwealth 
 could afford him any other than a foremost position 
 among his contemporaries, and at a time when not even 
 the oldest commonwealth had more able and brilliant 
 bars than Montana possessed in territorial times. 
 
 Judge Stapleton came from a prominent old south- 
 ern family whose members had migrated from South 
 Carolina to Kentucky, at a time when the latter state 
 was on the western frontier, and where Judge Staple- 
 ton's parents were born, A laudable migratory spirit 
 kept impelling them to follow the march of civilization 
 westward, next to Indiana, where he himself first saw 
 the light of day, later to Illinois, to Iowa, and so on 
 until in Montana, where Judge Stapleton’s life was 
 indeed one of the most influential in the first half cen- 
 tury of that state’s history. He was born in Rush 
 county, Indiana, November 28, 1834. 
 
 As has been noted, his parents, Cyrus S. and Margaret 
 (Scott) Stapleton, were natives of Kentucky. They 
 moved from that state into Indiana soon after their 
 marriage, then after some years to Illinois, and subse- 
 quently to Iowa. The father was a physician, renowned, 
 in every locality where he practiced, for his extensive 
 professional learning and skill and his charming be- 
 nignity of disposition and manner. 
 
 The scholastic training of Judge Stapleton was re- 
 ceived, first in the public schools of Iowa and later at 
 an excellent academy in Fort Madison, that state. In 
 1852, when but a boy of eighteen, he began the study 
 of law in the office of Hon. Joseph M._ Casey, at Lan- 
 caster, Iowa, pursuing it with such diligence and suc- 
 cess that he was admitted to practice in November, 
 1855, when he was barely of age. 
 
 He practiced in the courts of Iowa for four years, 
 then crossed the plains to Colorado, opening an office 
 there, and attended to legal business entrusted to his 
 care until 1862. 
 
 In that year he removed to Montana, and finding the 
 demand for legal attainments, quite limited, turned his 
 attention to mining which proved profitable as he was 
 among the first to discover gold, in paying quantities, 
 in the territor}-. This discovery was made at Grass- 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 887 
 
 hopper creek, where he founded a town, and which, 
 but for his modesty and, it must be added, superior 
 judgment, would now bear his name. It was the desire 
 of the miners along the creek to name the new town 
 after him, but, as it was in the country of the Bannack 
 Indians, Judge Stapleton saw greater propriety in nam- 
 ing it after them; and hence it became Bannack instead 
 of Stapleton. 
 
 Here he followed placer mining diligently, and at 
 different periods with great success, at times taking out 
 as much as $20 a pan from selected dirt. About a mile 
 below the camp he purchased a claim, where with a 
 crude, hand-made wooden rocker, he took out gold at 
 the rate of from $200 to $500 per day. Notwithstand- 
 ing this large 3'ield, he was considered onU* moderately 
 successful as provisions and living expenses were so 
 enormously high. 
 
 In 1863, Alder gulch thrilled the western world with 
 its wonderful gold production, and, like many others. 
 Judge Stapleton “stampeded” for that favored spot. 
 But with a prudence and forethought unusual in times 
 of great excitement, he halted the expedition at Beaver- 
 head river on the way, long enough for him to write a 
 code of laws for the government of the new camp — 
 probably the first codification of any kind made in the 
 territory. He accompanied the expedition on to the 
 gulch, arriving in the first party, carrying his laws 
 with him. He and Colonel McLean together secured a 
 number of valuable claims from which considerable 
 quantities of gold were extracted. In 1865, he removed 
 to Last Chance gulch, now Helena, and again took up 
 the practice of law, finding great demand for his pro- 
 fessional services. Five or six months later he located 
 at Ophir gulch, and again engaged in mining. Subse- 
 quently he went to Argenta, Beaverhead county, and re- 
 mained there until 1879, engaged in quartz mining and 
 practicing law. 
 
 It was in the latter year that he permanently located 
 in Butte, and where he continued to reside until his 
 death. After going to that city, he turned resolutely 
 away from almost every other attraction, and for a 
 number of years gave his time and attention, almost 
 exclusively, to that jealous mistress, the law, who re- 
 warded his devotion with the guerdon of her brightest 
 smiles. 
 
 He first associated himself in practice in Butte with 
 Judge Spratt, a partnership that continued until the 
 death of the latter, in 1881. 
 
 The firm of Robinson and Stapleton was then formed, 
 and continued until 1898, when death again robbed him 
 of his partner. 
 
 Judge Stapleton then formed a partnership with his 
 son, Guy W., in the firm of Stapleton & Stapleton, 
 which continued as long as the father remained in 
 active practice, in fact was not broken until the latter's 
 death, April 25, 1910. 
 
 Judge Stapleton was really one of the first attorneys 
 of the state to devote his attention to mining law, which 
 was destined to become such an important feature of 
 the practice in IMontana. The e.xperience he gained in 
 mining and from close touch with all the varied phases 
 of early Montana life, proved of very great assistance 
 to him in his professional career, and was also of in- 
 valuable assistance to the territory and state, through 
 the practical knowledge he was able to bring to bear 
 in the framing of mining and other laws of the new 
 country. Few, if an^q of Montana’s pioneers were any 
 more serviceable and valuable, and it is doubtful if 
 any man played a more influential part in shaping the 
 laws and early history of the territory. He was elected 
 to the territorial legislature four times — as often as he 
 would serve — and during his tenure was first speaker 
 of the house and then president of the senate. He was 
 also a member of the judiciary committee of each house. 
 When it was found necessary to codify the laws of the 
 territory, all eyes turned to him as a capable man ty 
 head the commission for the purpose, owing to his wide 
 
 practical knowledge and great ability. As such he was 
 the leading force in giving clearness and consistency to 
 the body of the statutes and proper trend to the course 
 of subsequent legislation. 
 
 He also served conspicuously in the convention of 
 1889, that formulated the constitution on which Mon- 
 tana was admitted into the Union as a state. He was 
 always identified with the Democratic party, and had 
 practically the refusal of every office within the gift of 
 the people, governor, attorney-general, supreme court 
 justice, member of congress, and all the rest, abso- 
 lutel}' declining them all. 
 
 Notwithstanding the exactions of his profession, he 
 found time to develop extensive mining interests, and 
 to contribute his share of inspiration, counsel and sub- 
 stantial aid to ever\" public improvement and social 
 enterprise of merit. He was an interested and zealous 
 member of the Masonic fraternity, and was one of the 
 organizers of Virginia City Lodge No. i, the first lodge 
 chartered within the present limits of the state. 
 
 Flaving accumulated a comfortable fortune, he re- 
 tired from active business several years before his death, 
 appearing only occasionally in court, either in his own 
 behalf or for some old -time friend. 
 
 Judge Stapleton was regarded as, not only one of 
 the ablest but as well one of the most successful of 
 the pioneer lawyers, and always commanded the re- 
 spect of his brothers in the legal profession. 
 
 As a citizen, he was not only one of Montana’s oldest, 
 at the time of his death, but one of her worthiest and 
 most valued ones. Throughout his life, he was thor- 
 oughly independent in thought and action ; he hated 
 sham and had a ver\' great aversion for pretense and 
 hypocrisy, as well as being a bitter foe of fraud, a 
 firm advocate of political honor and an earnest and in- 
 defatigable striver after official honesty and square 
 dealing. One of his strongest characteristics was his 
 rugged honesty. His reading was wide in its scope, 
 he was broad-minded in his views, independent in 
 thought and fearless in execution. 
 
 As previously stated. Judge Stapleton was called to 
 his final rest on April 25, 1910. He had been ailing 
 for several years, but his trouble was not such as to 
 compel him to take to his bed, although preventing him 
 from taking an}' active part in business. Two days be- 
 fore his death he was out walking with his son, laugh- 
 ing and telling stories. 
 
 “I have lived long; I have had a good time; I am not 
 scared to die ; the game's over.” These were the last 
 words he uttered shortl}' before he threw his arm around 
 his son, Guy W. Stapleton, and passed into the beyond. 
 
 He lived to see the fruit of his labors in the pros- 
 perity and happiness of the people he so faithfully 
 served, and the established success of valued public 
 institutions to whose creations and development he 
 so essentially contributed. It is high praise, but only 
 a just meed to merit to say, that he deserved in full 
 measure the public esteem he so richly enjoyed. 
 
 The Anaconda Standard, at the time of Judge 
 Stapleton’s death, editorially, said of him in part: 
 “Loved by more than a few, feared by some, he was 
 esteemed by many and respected bj' all.” 
 
 In 1870, Judge Stapleton was married to iMiss Cora E. 
 McIntosh, a native of IMissouri. Their only son, Guy 
 AV. Stapleton, received his academic education at Deer 
 Lodge, ^Montana, and his technical professional training 
 in the law department of the LTniversity of Virginia, 
 from which he was graduated in 1895. He at once became 
 associated with his father in active practice, at Butte, 
 where he has since been located. He served as county 
 attorney of Silver Bow county and has also served as 
 a member of the Montana state legislature. 
 
 He is one of the well known of the younger profes- 
 sional men and capitalists of ^Montana, whose private 
 interests are varied and extensive. 
 
888 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 George W. Irvix. The passing- of George Y’. Irvin 
 on March i8, 1907, deprived Butte and the state of Mon- 
 tana of one of her pioneer citizens, and of a man who 
 made history in the state from the days of his earliest 
 connection therewith until his death. He was a man of 
 strong character, possessing all the attributes which in- 
 variably make for success of the highest and most last- 
 ing order, as well as citizenship of the finest type. 
 
 A native of Chicago, Illinois, George W. Irvin was 
 born on February 22, 1844, the son of John B. and Ellen 
 M. (Walton) Irvin, both natives of Pennsylvania. The 
 father was an early settler in Chicago, in the days when 
 it was not more than a cabin village upon the lake 
 front; indeed, so unpromising was the place that in 
 1848 he removed his family to his native state. But in 
 1853 he returned once more to Illinois, this time locating 
 in the southern part of the state. He later removed to 
 Dubuque, Iowa, which for years represented his home 
 and the center of his business activities. 
 
 George \Y. Irvin diligentl3f attended school until he 
 was seventeen years of age, that period bringing him to 
 the opening of the Civil war. He sought to enlist in 
 a Kansas regiment for the three months’ service, but 
 with his entire company was rejected, the regiment hav- 
 ing been filled before it reached Fort Leavenworth. In 
 July, 1863, when not yet twenty years of age, he assisted 
 John Bozeman in organizing a party to make an over- 
 land trip to Idaho, western Montana then being a part 
 of that territory. Thus early in life did the bold and 
 venturesome spirit which ever characterized the actions 
 of Mr. Irvin assert itself in his connection with this 
 expedition. When the company reached the place now 
 known as Buffalo, Wyoming, they were greeted by a 
 band of Sioux and Cheyenne Indians, several hundred 
 strong, and things were made interesting for their party 
 for some time. After a few days’ detention Mr. Irvin 
 and a companion were sent to Fort Laramie, a distance 
 of 175 miles, to secure relief for the beleaguered party. 
 They made the trip in three nights’ riding, passing 
 through a hostile Indian country, and on reaching the 
 Fort were refused aid by the post commandant, as a re- 
 sult of which the party returned to the Platte river. 
 Certain hardy spirits of the party, however, including 
 Bozeman, Irvin and eight others, refused to be deflected 
 from their original purpose, and set out alone, each 
 equipped with a horse, a rifle and ammunition, and ra- 
 tions for a day, looking forward to bringing down suffi- 
 cient wild game to suffice their needs in that respect. 
 It was in late August that they reached the summit of 
 the Belt mountains, there getting their first view of 
 beautiful Gallatin Valley. Mr. Irvin gave to the gap 
 the appellation of Bozeman Pass, a name which it has 
 since continued to bear, and upon the site where they 
 camped is located the city of Bozeman. At the conflu- 
 ence of the three branches of the Gallatin river the little 
 party encountered two men who informed them of the 
 discovery of gold in Alder Gulch, now Virginia City. 
 On August 22, 1863, Mr. Irvin reached that place, im- 
 mediately engaging in mining operations, to which line 
 of enterprise he gave his attention there and in Cali- 
 fornia Gulch for something like two years. 
 
 Early in life Mr. Irvin formed his first connection 
 with affairs of a public nature, being but twenty-one 
 years of age when in 1865 he was appointed clerk of the 
 commission to codify the laws of the territory. In the 
 following year he became assistant assessor of internal 
 revenue for the district comprising Deer Lodge, Mis- 
 soula and Beaverhead counties, also serving as deputy 
 United States marshal. In 1866 Deer Lodge reached 
 the dignity of a post office, and Mr. Irvin was appointed 
 to the office, retaining the post for two years. From 
 1874 to 1876 he was under-sheriff of Deer Lodge county, 
 and he was public administrator of the county in 1876, 
 and clerk of the second judicial district in 1879. After 
 his removal to Silver Bow he was county sheriff from 
 
 1882 to 1884, and he was United States marshal in 1889 
 and 1890, being the last man to hold that office under 
 the old territorial regime and the first incumbent after 
 IMontana became a state. As a result of his connection 
 in that respect he was superintendent ex-officio of the 
 territorial penitentiary, but when the territory became a 
 state he resigned the office. In 1S93-4 he was state com- 
 missioner of mineral lands, and while the incumbent of 
 this important office he employed counsel and fought the 
 Northern Pacific Railway successfully in the case of the 
 Northern Pacific Railway vs. Richard P. Barden, et al. 
 Following the decision of the supreme court in favor 
 of the defendant, through the aid of the senators and 
 congressmen from Montana, Mr. Irvin brought about 
 the enactment by Congress of a law for the subsequent 
 examination, classification and segregation of 17,000,000 
 acres of land within the Northern Pacific land grant, 
 thus saving for the prospectors about one-half of the 
 land involved and relegating it to the public mineral 
 lands of the United States. 
 
 In 1881 Mr. Irvin changed his residence to Butte, 
 which continued to represent his home until his death. 
 The public offices named above of which Mr. Irvin was 
 the able and efficient incumbent are sufficient in num- 
 ber and importance to convey a somewhat adequate idea 
 of the mental capacity and executive ability of the man, 
 and they show clearly the character of his services to 
 his party and the regard in which he was ever held by 
 those in high places, as well as those in the less import- 
 ant walks of life. In March, 1898, Mr. Irvin was ap- 
 pointed postmaster of Butte, a post which he retained 
 until his death. In his capacity as postmaster he won 
 high commendation for his ability and skill in the 
 administration of its affairs, and the many improvements 
 he brought about in the service. Under his regime the 
 office was brought to the very highest standard and 
 many innovations for the good of the system originated 
 in his mind and were carried out under his supervision, 
 later becoming adopted and standardized in postal cir- 
 cles throughout the country. 
 
 On October 23, 1867, Mr. Irvin was united m mar- 
 riage at Deer Lodge- with Miss Bettie H. Irvine, the 
 daughter of Thomas Howard Irvine. One daughter 
 was born to them, Mary B., who died on September 17, 
 1904. Of the marriage ceremony a local chronicle 
 records that “three hundred citizens of the territory 
 attended the reception at the Deer Lodge Hotel, among 
 whom were many Indian women, wives of white set- 
 tlers,” a commentary which is eloquent of the freedom 
 and jovous abandon of those early days. 
 
 Mr. Irvin was buried in Mount Moriah cemetery, m 
 Butte, Montana, The widow of Mr. Irvin still retains 
 her residence in Butte, where she is regarded as one of 
 the city’s most estimable ladies. She is prominent in the 
 Episcopal church, in which she is one of the leading 
 workers, in addition to which she carnes on a deal of 
 charitable work in a great many directions. 
 
 Concerning the passing of Mr. Irvin, many interesting 
 testimonials to his life and work were published at 
 the time, some of which we shall here quote as being 
 representative of the general regard and esteem in 
 which the deceased was held. In speaking of him to 
 the Standard, United States Senator Lee Mantle said; 
 “His long and efficient public service in numerous im- 
 portant positions, his active interest in public affairs 
 and his prominence in Republican politics long since 
 made George W. Irvin a distinguished as well as a 
 familiar nersonalitv in the official, social and political 
 life of Montana. 'No man was more widely or more 
 favorably known throughout the !-m,gth and breadth of 
 the state. I think, perhaps, it was in political conven- 
 tions that his ' impressive personality, his clear percep- 
 tions, his strong individuality and dominating force of 
 character made themselves most distinctly felt. On 
 Mich occasions he exerted an influence peculiarly his 
 own, and when aroused gave evidence of great power. 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 889 
 
 If he believed an injustice was likely to be done, no 
 considerations of tact, no pandering to expediency, no 
 appeal of clique or faction could stay him from giving 
 vigorous and often caustic expression to his dissent and 
 his condemnation of what he deemed to be wrong; and 
 upon such occasions he usually carried his point. At the 
 same time, he was a sagacious counselor, possessed of a 
 vast fund of strong, practical common sense, all of 
 which made him a potent factor in shaping the policies 
 and destinies of the Republican party in this state. 
 
 “He was a man of unflinching courage and great 
 independence of character. I do not think he knew 
 the meaning of fear in any sense or under any circum- 
 stances. He possessed a broad and keen intelligence; 
 had read and studied extensively, and was gifted with a 
 most tenacious memory, which rarely ever let go of an 
 event or fact of interest or importance, either local or 
 national. He was a thinker, and held decided views 
 upon questions of public concern. He had the courage 
 of his convictions and gave them forcible and effective 
 expression whenever occasion required. 
 
 “As a potent factor in the pioneer life of this commu- 
 nity, in the early establishment of law and order and 
 the rule of justice, and later in the advancement of the 
 moral, material and intellectual development, he ranked 
 in a class with that great Montanian, the lamented Wil- 
 bur F. Sanders. In manner he was dignified, courtly 
 and affable; a fine conversationalist, always interesting 
 and entertaining, whether talking in private or speaking 
 in public. His fund of information was inexhaustible, 
 and it was indeed a rare treat to listen to his recital of 
 early experiences, interspersed, as they always were, 
 with stories told with a humor and in a manner pecul- 
 iarly his own. In all Montana no man was more wel- 
 come at the banquet board, and many there are who will 
 recall with sentiments of genuine pleasure, now mingled 
 with profound regret, his felicitous responses when 
 called upon for a toast. No one could be happier on 
 such occasions, and his remarks were always a source 
 of unmixed delight, teeming with interesting reminis- 
 cences, sparkling with kindly, genuine humor, and 
 always accompanied by a story or anecdote to give pith 
 and point to the subject. 
 
 “George W. Irvin might have had almost any political 
 honor, within the gift of the people had he so desired. 
 Of his abilities and capacity there was no question. 
 But apparently he did not desire it. Neither did he care 
 for great wealth, nor seek to pander to it. At the same 
 time, no man’s counsel was more sought or valued than 
 his in times of stress by those holding positions of great 
 responsibility in the community. 
 
 “I never knew a man so absolutely free from envy 
 and I never heard a word fall from his lips except in 
 gratification over the good fortunes of others. He was 
 an optimist ; always hopeful, always seeing the bright 
 side of things, always holding out encouragement to 
 others. If he had trouble and worries he kept them to 
 himself. He was punctilious in the discharge of every 
 obligation, no matter how trifling. Added to these, he 
 was a genial, companionable, manly man ; a loyal and 
 steadfast friend, and a patriotic, true American citizen. 
 Death had no terrors for him; he feared it less than 
 any one I ever knew; and no one was ever less con- 
 cerned for the future. He believed that the surest pass- 
 port to whatever of happiness or salvation might be be- 
 yond was in being square and honorable here. 
 
 “These, somewhat hurriedly and imperfectly expressed, 
 are a few of my impressions of one of the best men I 
 have ever known, and one of the best friendships I have 
 ever had. Our friendship ran through more than a 
 quarter of a century, and my regret at this moment is 
 that 1 have not the power of expression to put into words 
 all that I think and feel, and all that his useful life and 
 sterling character deserve. His death leaves a void in 
 this community and in this state which it will be hard 
 
 to fill, for his was a commanding presence and his life 
 was a potent force for good.” 
 
 An editorial in a Butte daily speaks in the following 
 terms of Mr. Iryin : “It would be hard to name a citi- 
 
 zen of those actively identified with Butte’s community 
 life whose death would be more keenly felt by men, 
 women and children in every walk of life than has been 
 the passing of George Irvin. 
 
 “For almost half a century, or since the days when 
 white men began to people what is now the state of 
 Montana, George Irvin’s erect figure has been as famil- 
 iar as the noble outline' of the hills which encircle Sum- 
 mit Valley. Built upon big lines physically and men- 
 tally, he became while still a young man a forceful fac- 
 tor in the growth of the territory, and it is recorded of 
 him that from those stirring days when, with John 
 Bozeman, he looked upon imminent death in every form 
 unflinchingly until that gray dawn when peacefully and 
 in the slumber like unto that of a babe, his kindly soul 
 passed out to his creator, he was, the same frank, fear- 
 less, generous, lovable gentleman. 
 
 “Disdaining show and ostentation of any kind, his 
 undisguised analyses of men and situations were at 
 times almost startling in their candor, but to those in 
 suffering or in distress, to all who were in need of the 
 sincere condolence or assistance of a friend or counsel- 
 lor, George Irvin was as gentle as a woman, as gracious 
 as a courtier, with a heart full of human sj'mpathy and 
 kindness. 
 
 “Apart from that charming, innate philosophy which 
 made him a man with the young heart of a boy, George 
 Irvin possessed those traits which are essential to leader- 
 ship. Fluent of tongue, and of pen, a keen observer, a 
 deep thinker and a studious reader, when he said or 
 wrote anything it was worth hearing or reading. 
 Although holding Federal office, George Irvin was 
 neither a time server nor an office hunter. He was a 
 bigger man than is required for the duties he fulfilled; 
 he would have in larger fields attained a much greater 
 measure of success. But men of his stamp are not to be 
 measured by the degrees of their material profit, or by 
 their acquisition of place or power of wealth They are 
 guided by simple, human impulse rather than by cupid- 
 ity or restless ambition ; their influence is reflected in 
 the lasting love and respect of all who come in contact 
 with them, and there is no one who knew him who does 
 not count the death of ‘Uncle George’ a personal loss. 
 
 “Butte and Montana have lost a good citizen; thou- 
 sands have lost a faithful friend; a wife has lost a lov- 
 ing husband ; but neither the snows of the centuries nor 
 the sands of time will ever cover his grave deep enough 
 to obliterate the memory of his kindly personality or 
 the greatness of his generous heart.” 
 
 Editorially, the Butte Miner said in part : “Butte has 
 been called upon to mourn the untimely death of George 
 W. Irvin, — one of its best loved public citizens, who at 
 the time of his demise was serving his third term as 
 postmaster of this city. 
 
 “Mr. Irvin died after a short illness, and his death 
 cast a shadow of sorrow over the entire community, for 
 no one was acquainted with him who did not have an 
 abiding affection for him, and admire his sterling quali- 
 ties and intellectual endowments. He crossed the plains 
 when eighteen years of age with John M. Bozeman, and 
 although occasionally away from the state on public 
 business, once spending some years in Washington, as 
 mineral and land commissioner, he always called Mon- 
 tana ‘home,’ and took an immense pride in the upbuild- 
 ing of this commonwealth. With the history of early 
 days and men he had a most intimate knowledge, for he 
 had occupied confidential relations of friendship with all 
 the prominent figures that have had a part in the work 
 of making Montana what it is today. 
 
 ‘‘Those who knew him best know that it was his 
 desire that when he crossed to the other side no ex- 
 
890 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 tended obituary notices be given him, for he often 
 expressed that sentiment which Tennyson put into verse: 
 “ ‘Sunset and evening star, 
 
 And one clear call for me! 
 
 And may there be no moaning of the bar 
 When I put out to sea.’ 
 
 “The death of ‘Uncle George Irvin,’ as he was famil- 
 iarly called, has left a vacancy in the business, social and 
 club life of Butte that can never be filled, and he will 
 ever be held in affectionate memory by all those now 
 living who learned to know and love him.” 
 
 John F". Bishop. Montana owes a debt of gratitude 
 to its pioneers, whose stout hearts, alert minds and will- 
 ing hands conquered the wilderness and whose cour- 
 age, determination and infinite patience in the face of 
 discouragement made it possible to lay in the new 
 country the paths of civilization straight and clean. A 
 representative of the finest type of pioneer resides in 
 Dillon, this being Jdhn F. Bishop, one of the most 
 honored and prominent of the citizens of Beaverhead 
 county. Fie has resided in the state since 1863, and in 
 the interim has engaged in mining, ranching and sheep- 
 raising, his being the distinction of inaugurating sheep- 
 raising in the state, the first stock sheep driven into the 
 state being his possession. He is a great traveler and 
 is familiar with many corners of the country. Mr. 
 Bishop is a remarkably public-spirited man and there 
 is nothing of public import at Dillon or in all the 
 Beaverhead valley in which he is not helpfully inter- 
 ested. 
 
 Mr. Bishop was born at Warsaw, Wyoming county. 
 New York, his eyes first opening to the light of day on 
 March 14, 1836. He resided in the Empire state until 
 the age of twenty-one and then followed the tide of 
 migration to the northwest, locating in Kilbourn, Wis- 
 consin, where he followed teaming and rafting on the 
 Wisconsin river for about a twelvemonth. Tiring of 
 that, he bought forty acres of prairie land in the vicinity 
 of Kilbourn, with the intention of cultivating it, but 
 again he became interested in other directions and at 
 the end of six months he built a flat boat and went 
 down the river to Hanfiibal, Missouri, where he spent 
 anomer six months and then went to St. Louis and 
 thence on up the river to Leavenworth, Kansas. There 
 he hired out to an overland train for Pike’s Peak, in 
 some useful capacity, and his subsequent journeys took 
 him to Denver and to Nevada City, Colorado, where he 
 engaged in mining and teaming for some three years. 
 
 In the spring of 1863 Mr. Bishop’s peregrinations 
 ceased, for he came to Montana, whose advantages and 
 opportunities appealed to him so eloquently that the 
 wanderlust was never again able to get hold of him. 
 He settled, on April 20th of the year mentioned, in 
 East Bannack, then a part of Idaho, and his first occu- 
 pation was mining in Bivins Gulch. Subsequently he 
 followed freighting for three years between Virginia 
 City and Salt Lake and in the summer of 1865 he 
 freighted from Benton to Helena. He then settled In 
 the Beaverhead valley, about eight miles below Dillon, 
 and went into the stock raising business. This county 
 was to be the scene of his residence for all the ensuing 
 years. In 1869 he went to Oregon with Richard A. 
 Reynolds and these gentlemen bought a band of stock 
 sheep at The Dalles and drove them through to Mon- 
 tana, thus becoming pioneer sheep growers in the Treas- 
 ure state, which then had a score of years before it as 
 a territory. As mentioned in a preceding paragraph, 
 this lot from The Dalles was really the first band of 
 stock sheep ever driven into the state. His operations 
 in sheep raising w'ere on ait extensive scale and pros- 
 perity has been his from the beginning; he is a large 
 land holder and a man of substance and wealth. In 
 1899 he sold his ranch and since has maintained his 
 residence in Dillon ; however his vast interests still 
 
 occupy a great deal of his time and he is by no means 
 retired in the usual sense of the word, retaining his 
 pristine vigor and executive ability, and managing his 
 various enterprises with rare good judgment. 
 
 As a citizen Mr. Bishop is interested in the success 
 of good government, and is a Republican in his con- 
 victions, although by no means an office seeker. He 
 is very prominent and popular in Montana Masonry, 
 belonging to all the different bodies and having “traveled 
 east” with the Shriners. He was at one time eminent 
 commander of the Dillon commandery and in his own 
 living he exemplifies the ideals of moral and social 
 justice and brotherly love for which the order stands. 
 He is a member of the Beaverhead Social Club and at 
 one time a trustee. He was formerly a member of the 
 board of managers of the Montana State Normal Col- 
 lege. At present he belongs to the school board and is 
 the staunch champion of good education. He has the 
 distinction of being the first justice of the peace in 
 Beaverhead valley. He is particularly an authority on 
 horses and loves good horse flesh and horse racing, 
 and on his own property raises standard bred stock. 
 
 Mr. Bishop was married at Warsaw, New York, Sep- 
 tember 14, 1874, the young woman to become his wife 
 and the mistress of his household being Jennie F. Pain- 
 ter, daughter of Edwin and Hannah Painter, the father 
 an agriculturist in the vicinity of Warsaw. Into their 
 home have been born three children, all daughters. 
 Mildred E., born in Dillon, is the wife of Leslie A. 
 Thompson and resides at Twin Bridges, where Mr. 
 Thompson is engaged in the lumber business. Mary P., 
 born in Warsaw, New York, died in Ogden, Utah, at 
 the age of five years. Jean F., a native of Dillon, makes 
 her home with her parents and is an interesting and 
 accomplished young lady. The household is one of the 
 favorite gathering-places in Dillon, and its hospitality 
 is renowned. 
 
 Benjamin B. Bishop, father of the foregoing, was 
 born in Lancaster, New Hampshire, and when young 
 located in the state of New York, where he engaged 
 in farming. He died in the Empire state at the age of 
 ninety-one years. The mother, Lydia Bishop, was a 
 native of Warsaw, New York, where she was married 
 and lived out her life. She preceded her husband to 
 the Great Beyond by many years, her demise occurring 
 at the age of sixty-nine. There were eleven children in 
 the family of these good people, Mr. Bishop of this 
 review being the fourth in order of birth. Mr. Bishop 
 was reared to the sturdy discipline of his father’s^ farm 
 and earned his first money at the age of twelve, digging 
 potatoes. He became a capitalist to the extent of six 
 dollars and invested the same in a calf and by clever 
 juvenile speculating increased it to one hundred dol- 
 lars. This was a real start in life and he has been 
 hustling for himself ever since. He is an extensive 
 traveler, making regular trips to such parts of the 
 North American continent as Alaska, California and 
 Mexico. When the canal is finished he intends to visit 
 Panama. He is familiar with a vast extent of country 
 and his various experiences have made him a most 
 entertaining conversationalist. He declares Montana to 
 be the best state in existence and as a man of strictest 
 honesty and unfailing good judgment he must be taken 
 at his word. 
 
 Charles D. McLure. In the story of one of the 
 most remarkable and most valuable mining enterprises 
 of Montana, the history of the discovery and develop- 
 ment of Granite Mountain, the central personality, the 
 man whose unshaken confidence and tireless resource 
 brought this great wealth to the uses of the world, was 
 Charles D.^ McLure, of Philipsburg. The history of 
 Granite Mountain belongs elsewhere in this work, and 
 this brief article, which concerns the life career of Mr. 
 McLure, will make only such reference to it as is 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 891 
 
 necessary to an understanding of the character and work 
 of one of Montana’s most conspicuous citizens. 
 
 Charles D. McLure, so many years of whose early 
 life were spent on the western frontier, was of a race 
 of pioneers, two generations before him having been in 
 the vanguard of the progress to the west. He was 
 born at Carrollton, Carroll county, Missouri, Febru- 
 ary 22, 1844, and was reared principally in the city of 
 St. Louis, where he attended the public schools. His 
 first regular employment and first earnings were as col- 
 lector for a railroad company, at a salary of seventy- 
 five dollars a month. 
 
 In i860, when he was sixteen years old, he joined a 
 freighting outfit on the way from Nebraska to Denver, 
 and was thus introduced to the fascinating adventures 
 and hardships of the west. Although a boy in years, he 
 was fitted better than most men for struggling with 
 the conditions of the new and developing country along 
 the slope of the Rockies. After three years of freight- 
 ing in Colorado he came up to Virginia City with a 
 band of cattle, the route being over trails dimly blazed 
 and through the Sioux infested valley of the Platte. 
 He discharged the responsibilities of this trust, and thus 
 arrived in the region which has practicaly ever since 
 been the scene of his career. 
 
 Having accumulated a little capital, and having plenty 
 of initiative and courage, in 1865 he engaged in freight- 
 ing on his own account, operating an outfit between 
 Virginia City and Salt Lake City for one winter, and 
 then between Helena, Benton and Fort Copeland to the 
 mouth of Milk river. After that he transferred his 
 energies to mining. His first venture was in Confeder- 
 ate gulch for one year, his associates being Charles 
 Dahler, Ivey Myers and W. H. Parkinson. He then 
 moved to the Unionville district, where he located one 
 particularly valuable lode, an extension of the Whit- 
 lach Union. But he was soon convinced that success 
 in quartz mining depended upon a thorough knowledge 
 of geology and metallurgy, and having reached this con- 
 clusion he proceeded with characteristic energy to equip 
 himself for what has been his life profession. Return- 
 ing to Missouri, he studied the science that underlies 
 mining, and when he returned to Montana it was to take 
 charge of the old Centennial mill in Butte. 
 
 In 1877 Mr. McLure assumed the management of the 
 already famous Hope mill at Philipsburg. In this lo- 
 cality he found the field of achievement for which all 
 his previous life had been a preparation. It was largely 
 due to the energy and skill with which he handled the 
 Hope mill that that property yielded its rich revenues 
 to its owners, and while there his attention was at- 
 tracted to the unpromising prospect that had been 
 opened in Granite Mountain. Interesting though they 
 are, the details of the story cannot be told here. Briefly 
 narrated, he displayed his remarkable faith and miner’s 
 intuition as to the stores of silver awaiting behind the 
 granite fortresses of this mountain. In 1880 he took 
 a bond on the property, with difficulty got together capi- 
 tal to make the venture, and started the attack on the 
 great ledge. After weeks of unprofitable work, with no 
 prospect of anything better in sight, a day came when 
 there was no more mbney available. The digging of 
 that day did not change conditions, and with the last 
 shift it was apparent that operations must suspend, for 
 a time at least. The last shot was" fired on the evening 
 of that day. It hurled bonanza ore upon the muckers’ 
 planks, and in an instant transformed Charles D. Mc- 
 Lure from an almost penniless prospector into one of 
 the greatest mining men of the times. 
 
 The Granite Mountain has produced more than 
 twenty-five millions to the wealth output of Montana. 
 Most of it and of other enterprises in which Mr. Mc- 
 Lure was a prominent factor went to make millionaires 
 elsewhere, but he has retained a share of it all, and 
 for thirty years has been ranked among the successful 
 and wealthy men of this state. As another writer has 
 
 said: “There are many mills among the Montana 
 
 Rockies which are monuments to the courage of this 
 remarkable man, many hoists which are testimonials to 
 his daring. When he was confident there was ore to be 
 found, he never hesitated a minute to risk his all to 
 find it. In the face of discouragement, he became the 
 bolder and more determined. The harder he had to 
 fight, the better he fought. And it stands today as his 
 record that he was almost invariably right. When he 
 had adopted and approved a property, he knew no rest 
 until he had demonstrated by development the correct- 
 ness of his theory regarding it. Obstacles which would 
 have dismayed an ordinary man, he brushed aside as 
 if they were nothing. He had his goal set and he worked 
 straight toward it. He did not drive blindly at it, but 
 he worked inteligently and effectively; he planned his 
 campaign, and he followed his plan through thick and 
 thin.” 
 
 What Montana means to him in the light of his own 
 experience Mr. McLure tells in his own words : “I 
 
 came to Montana when there were very few roads. I 
 have seen it grow from an unorganized territory to its 
 present development. I saw it through its pioneer days 
 when we had some of the best immigration that ever 
 came west from all parts of the Uinted States. I left 
 Montana in 1881 expecting to reside in St. Louis. But 
 the mountains and valleys, the beautiful climate and 
 the people of ^lontana, and the state in general, were 
 more attractive to me than I realized, and I have re- 
 turned.” 
 
 Mr. McLure was married in St. Louis in November, 
 1885, to Miss Clara M. Edgar, daughter of Mr. and 
 ^vlrs. T. D. Edgar, of that city. They are the parents 
 of seven children, four sons and three daughters, namely: 
 Park, Edgar, William R., Marianna, Clara E., Charlotte 
 and Charles L. All of them reside in this state, and 
 Edgar and William are married and have homes of their 
 own. They received excellent schooling, and some of 
 them are college graduates. 
 
 Mr. McLure has for years been one of the leaders 
 in the public life of the state, and is one of the most 
 prominent members of the Democratic party of Mon- 
 tana. He is a member of the Society of iMontana Pio- 
 neers and he and his wife are members of the Episcopal 
 church. At his home in Philipsburg he has a very fine 
 private library. Though he began life’s battles when a 
 boy, and spent many }-ears among the crude scenes of 
 a frontier state, he has acquired, along with a broad 
 and deep experience of men and affairs, a cultured ac- 
 quaintance with books and their contents. Much of 
 his study has been directed along scientific lines, es- 
 pecially in connection with his profession, and as a met- 
 allurgist he has high rank. Much that he has achieved 
 during nearly a half century of residence in Montana 
 has been wrought into the history of the state. To state 
 his career in concise language, he first came upon Mon- 
 tana’s soil as a freighter and became one of the state’s 
 greatest men. 
 
 Hon. S.^muel W’ord, who died in 1907, was a pioneer 
 and an eminent citizen of Helena, who came to the 
 west before the existence of Montana as a state or 
 territory, and in this district he was ever a leader in 
 affairs of moment. His ancestors were among the 
 early settlers of South Carolina who came from Scot- 
 land previous to the American Revolution. From two 
 brothers of the name, sprang the Words now scattered 
 throughout Virginia and other southern states. 
 
 Samuel Word was the son of William and Susan 
 Boyd (Banton) Word. The father was born in Powell’s 
 Valley, Tennessee, in 1808, and in early manhood re- 
 moved from that state into Knox county, Kentucky, 
 where he majried, and in that county Samuel Word 
 was born at Barboursville, on January 19, 18,37. The 
 Word familv then went to Somerset, Pulaski county, 
 and subsequently in 1856 to Kansas, later moving on 
 
892 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 to St. Joseph, Missouri, and there the father died when 
 he was seventy-three years of age. His widow sur- 
 vived him for a brief period, and was of the same age 
 as her husband was at death when she passed away. 
 William Word was a farmer by occupation and both he 
 and his wife were faithful adherents of the faith of 
 Alexander Campbell, the founder of the Christ’.an 
 church, of wdiich they were members. 
 
 Samuel Word, their son, received educational ad- 
 vantages of a somewhat meagre nature, due to the 
 undeveloped educational system prevailing in our 
 country in his youth, but he was naturally studious, 
 and early in life displayed a strong tendency toward 
 the law. In time he entered the office of Andrew J. 
 James, afterwards attorney-general of Kentucky, and 
 though he studied diligently, he found himself handi- 
 capped as much by his lack of earlier education as 
 by his limited financial means. He was sufficiently 
 grounded in the rudiments of education, however, that 
 he found it possible to further his own fortunes by 
 teaching those less advanced than himself, and after 
 teaching for a considerable period, he was able to 
 enter Bethany College, in Virginia, where he applied 
 himself so assiduously that his health failed him under 
 the strain. After a season of rest at home, he again 
 entered upon his legal studies, entering the office of 
 Silas Woodson, afterwards governor of Missouri. Un- 
 der the able preceptorship of Mr. Woodson he con- 
 tinued with his studies until 1858, which year found 
 him qualified to enter upon the active practice of his 
 profession, and he located in Oregon, Holt county, 
 Missouri. He formed a partnership with Col. James 
 Foster and soon was in command of a flourishing prac- 
 tice. It was here that he met and married Miss Sarah 
 Margaret Foster. She was a native of Clay county, 
 Missouri, of Scotch-Irish ancestry, her father having 
 been a native of Ireland and her mother, who was Miss 
 Helen J. Thompson prior to her marriage, being of 
 Scotch descent. Four children were born to Samuel 
 and Sarah M. Word; William F., a prominent min- 
 ing engineer of Helena ; Robert Lee, an attorney and 
 ex -judge of the supreme court; Charles F., an attorney 
 and May. 
 
 Shortly after his marriage Mr. Word started for 
 the west, bent upon success and firmly convinced that 
 in this as yet but partially explored country there were 
 opportunities in multitude for the ambitious man. This 
 was in 1863, at a time when Montana was yet embraced 
 by the territory of Idaho, and to Alder Gulch, famous 
 in mining history, Mr. Word made his way. He engaged 
 promptly in mining ventures, but a brief season was 
 sufficient to convince him that he could make more 
 rapid progress by means of his profession than was 
 possible to him in the prospecting business. This 
 willingness to “make haste slowly” proved to be the 
 foundation of his ultimate splendid success. One year 
 in the practice of law in Alder Gulch was a sufficient 
 “try out" of the west for Mr. Word, and he accord- 
 ingly returned to Missouri, settled up his affairs in 
 that state, and brought his wife to Virginia City. 
 
 It was in 1865 that Mr. Word was appointed by 
 Governor Edgerton territorial prosecuting attorney to 
 fill an unexpired term in the first judicial district. 
 His abilities for the office were soon made manifest 
 in a most practical way, and he was later elected reg- 
 ularly to the place, filling the position for a two year 
 term. In addition to his legal activities, it is freely 
 asserted by men of prominence in Helena and there- 
 about that Mr. Word was one who imparted great 
 impetus to the mining industry in the territory in 
 1884-5, and it was he who conceived the idea of plac- 
 ing the stock of the famous Drum Lummon mine on 
 the market. Furthermore, to Mr. Word is due much 
 of the credit for the early development of the coal 
 industry in Montana, as he, in company with Hon. 
 Walter Cooper and others, opened its first coal fields. 
 
 They obtained the Rocky Fork coal fields and were 
 associated in the industry with the following well-known 
 men : Samuel T. Hauser, Henry Villard, Thomas 
 
 F. Oakes, then president of the Northern Pacific; James 
 L. Platt and James B. Hubbell. A railroad of fifty 
 miles in length was built from Laurel to Red Lodge 
 where the coal fields were located, and while other 
 coal fields have since been developed, theirs was 
 the initial enterprise of that nature and the first in 
 the development of one of the great natural industries 
 of the state. 
 
 Mr. Word was always an active Democrat, and in 
 the various campaigns in which that party figured, he 
 has done much, both on the stump and in party coun- 
 cils, to bring about its success. 
 
 In 1897 Hr. Word was sent to Dawson City, Alaska, 
 as counsel of the North American Transportation Com- 
 pany, where he continued until June, 1900, later going 
 to Cape Nome, where he was located for some little 
 time. Mr. Word was a member of the house of rep- 
 resentatives (fourth and extra sessions 1867). Member 
 council sixth session 1869-70. Member house ninth 
 session 1876. Member tenth session 1877. Speaker 
 eleventh and extra sessions 1879. Territorial legislative 
 assemblies. Member tonstitutional convention 1886. 
 President of Society of Montana Pioneers 1891-2. He 
 was a Mason of high degree, being a member of all its 
 branches, and he was Grand Master of Masons of 
 Montana in 1887. He was a splendid type of the best 
 citizenship of the west, and as a man of big affairs, 
 exceptional executive ability and the highest integrity, 
 he won for himself a name second to none among 
 those of the pioneers of his time in the state of 
 Montana. Died at Helena, Montana, September, 1903. 
 
 Robert Lee Word. Born in Virginia City, Montana, 
 June 22, 1866. Parents were Samuel Word and 
 Sarah M. Word. Went to Ann Arbor high school. 
 Philips Exeter Academy and Columbia Law School. 
 Admitted to the bar in 1889. Clerk of the supreme 
 court from 1887 to 1889. Member of the law firm 
 of Word, Smith & Word from 1890 to 1892. Mem- 
 ber of the law firm of Smith & Word from 1892 to 
 1896. Appointed associate justice of the supreme 
 court of the state of Montana to succeed Wm. H. 
 Hunt in June, 1900. Married November 14, 1900. 
 Has four children, three boys and one girl. Member 
 of the law firm of Word & Word from 1901 to 1911; 
 which firm was dissolved by the death of Chas. F. 
 Word in June, 1911. Since then has practiced law 
 alone. 
 
 William Lowe. Hailed everywhere by his fellows 
 as the “Grand Old Pioneer,” upright, honorable, splen- 
 did, a man among men, one cannot mention the name 
 of William Lowe anywhere in the state of Montana 
 without bringing forth words of such praise as it is not 
 often given men to listen to, and expressions of grief 
 that in its genuineness is the greatest proof of the af- 
 fection and esteem in which this fine old citizen of 
 Montana was held. He has gone from among his old 
 friends, but the strength and power of his memory is 
 undiminished, and his influence is still felt among 
 those whom he left behind. It is not often that one 
 has the opportunity of writing the life of such a man. 
 A fine business man, an earnest, energetic citizen, 
 active in all movements for the betterment of his 
 section of the country, it is not thus that he is re- 
 membered. It is his personal character that made 
 him so well beloved, and so influential. People may 
 forget that he built no a great business from practically 
 nothing, but they will never forget his generosity, his 
 little, almost unseen deeds of kindness, his rigid stand 
 for truth and honor and justice tempered with mercy. 
 With men like William Lowe behind them, men who 
 stood for all that is highest and noblest in human 
 


 V' 
 
 0 - 
 
 
HISTORY OF ^lOXTAXA 
 
 nature, just the inspiration that is to be gained from 
 the knowledge that they are descended irom such a 
 race of men ought to give the men of Montana su- 
 perior advantage over the men of most sections of the 
 country. 
 
 William Lowe was a native of England, having been 
 born there on the 17th of February, 1829. His par- 
 ents came to America and settled in Rhode Island when 
 he was a tiny child. Here William grew to manhood, 
 attending the public schools of Providence, where his 
 parents lived, and imbibing all the sturdy and vigorous 
 moral and physical vitality that was in the very air 
 of that old settlement. After the completion of his 
 education he learned the tinner’s trade, and this busi- 
 ness or modifications of it, he was destined to follow 
 more or less throughout the whole of his life. He fol- 
 lowed his trade for a time in Providence, and here he 
 married and began his wedded life. His first child 
 was born here, but died in infancy. In 1858, following 
 the same instinct that led his parents to cross the 
 ocean, he crossed the great stretch of country to the 
 Mississippi river and settled in Iowa, at Canton, in 
 Jones count3v Here he set up a hardware and tinning 
 business, in which he met with considerable success. 
 He operated this business until 1863. when he made an- 
 other westward move and came to the territory of Mon- 
 tana. Those days might be called pre-pioneer days, 
 for there were scarcely' any white men in the country 
 at all, and these were to be found in the mining camps, 
 save for the few traders and trappers who were the 
 first to penetrate the fastnesses of Montana's moun- 
 tains. The plains were covered with buffalo and the 
 mountains were teeming with Indians. It was not 
 hard to live, for the country swarmed with wild game 
 of all sorts, and in fact conditions of life were much 
 like those of the first settlers in New England and 
 Virginia in the days when America was a new and 
 practically unexplored country. 
 
 _Mr. Lowe went to work in the mines near Virginia 
 City, which was only a rough mining camp, and during 
 the next eighteen years he resided in that part of 
 Montana. _ During all of this time Ife was principally 
 engaged in mining and prospecting for indeed there 
 was little else to do in the country. He had enough 
 experiences to fill many books and to give texts for 
 many a storj' that would be decried as the merest 
 fiction and as impossible even in yellow-backed liter- 
 ature. He was a warm personal friend of Colonel 
 ganders when the latter was federal or territorial 
 judge for ^Montana. He witnessed the first lynching 
 that ever took place in the territory, the man being 
 put to death b}^ the Vigilance Committee, which had 
 been organized to see that justice was administered, and 
 who took summary means of executing it. The law 
 breakers at that time could keep beyond the pale of the 
 law._ of which indeed there was very little, and the 
 Vigilance Committee was a very necessary institu- 
 tion. 
 
 In i88r Air. Lowe came to Dawson county, and 
 settled at Glendive, where he remained for the rest 
 of his life. _ He opened a hardware store and tinning 
 shop here, in a tiny little log building. As the town 
 grew Mr. Lowe’s patronage became larger, and he 
 was ^tabled to gradually increase' his facilities, but 
 on his arrival Glendive was nothing but a log trad- 
 ing post, and his stock in trade was very meager. At 
 the time of his death he owned one of the largest and 
 most complete stocks of hardware to be found in 
 Alontana and this was housed in a fine two-story brick 
 building. This large business was partly due to the 
 growth of the town and the greater demand for 
 what he had to offer, but his personal popularity had 
 a great deal to do with his prosperity, and there was 
 not a man in the whole country round about who 
 did not know that when they traded with Air. Lowe 
 
 893 
 
 they were sure to get honest values and the best that 
 was to be had in the hardware line. 
 
 Air. Lowe was married in 1857, at Providence, Rhode 
 Island, to Helen Baird. Seven children were born 
 to them, two of whom died in infancy. Edwin died 
 at the age of fourteen and Esther, at the age of twenty. 
 The living children are Mrs. F. ^nk Fleming, of 
 Glendive, Alontana, and the two sons, Guy R. and 
 Ray G., who, succeeding their father in the business, 
 are keeping up the standard set by him. They are 
 known throughout Dawson county as straightfor- 
 ward, reliable business men, and the business which 
 their father founded bids fair to be as prosperous in 
 the hands of the sons as it was in the hands of the 
 father. It is no more than people expected, however, 
 for a son necessarily inherits some of the traits of 
 his parents, and in this case the boys had the advantage 
 of a wise and careful training. Their mother was a 
 delightful old gentlewoman, to use an old fashioned 
 term which suits her perfectly, refined and gentle, and 
 she w'as the devoted wife and mother for many years, 
 dying in 1885. 
 
 In politics Air. Lowe was a stanch Republican, and 
 his sons have here also followed in his footsteps. 
 Among his papers w'ere found some curious relics that 
 date back to the earijr days of this party, among them 
 being a newspaper bearing the date Thursday, July 2, 
 1863, ^nd printed in Vicksburg, Alississippi, on the 
 back of a piece of wall paper. In fraternal affairs Air. 
 Lowe was a Alason of long standing, having become a 
 member of the lodge at Canton, Iowa, before coming 
 west and always holding his membership in that chap- 
 ter. 
 
 The death of Air. Lowe occurred on the 26th of 
 A^a}^ 1912, and at the time he was the oldest resident 
 of Dawson county. So passed from among us one of 
 the noble spirits of the earth, one of the men who 
 make life seem worth while and who inspire others to 
 live up to their highest ideals and forget that “money 
 talks,” for instance, or any other of the stock phrases 
 that make up the practical world’s philosophy. Air. 
 Lowe proved that one could make a comfortable living 
 honestly and the regard with which he is spoken of by 
 every one shows that the lessons taught by his life 
 will not soon be forgotten. 
 
 WiLLi.vM B. C.\RTER. For a half century William 
 B. Carter has been identified with the growth and 
 development of this section of Alontana, having located 
 here when the present state was yet a portion of Idaho. 
 Since 1868 he has been devoted to ranching, and has 
 in the years that have elapsed acquired one of the most 
 valuable ranching properties in the state. He is a 
 man who has seen western life in all its varied phases, 
 from the days when the new settlers lived in momentary 
 expectation of Indian raids and depredations of law- 
 less characters of every sort to the days of comparative 
 quiet and the present even trend of events in the great 
 western state. 
 
 William B. Carter was born in Geau.ga count\', Ohio, 
 near Cleveland, on April 23, 1839, and is the son of 
 J. H. Carter and his wife, Caroline G. C. (Burgess) 
 Carter, both of whom were natives of Vermont, The 
 father died in Ohio at the age of seventy-five 3’ears 
 and the mother in the same state when she was eight3'- 
 seven years old. The country schools of his native com- 
 munity gave to William Carter such schooling as he 
 was permitted to receive as a bo3^ and he was employed 
 about the farm home until he was about twenty-two 
 years of age, when in 1863 he started for California. 
 He stopped in Salt Lake. LTtah, on the way out, and on 
 Juh- I, 1863, reached Bannack. Soon thereafter he 
 went to Alder Gulch, arriving at Virginia City in the 
 same month. He on the evening of the day he arrived 
 there obtained employment, receiving five dollars a night 
 for his work on the claim of Colonel Woods, one of the 
 
894 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 well-known miners and prospectors, who was also 
 known as a preacher in the mining camp, where he held 
 regular Sunday services. Here Mr. Carter worked 
 for one hundred nights, then returned to Salt Lake 
 City and purchased three yoke of cattle and a wagon, 
 ami brought a load of provisions to Virginia City. He 
 arrived with his load of supplies on Christmas day, 
 1863, and from then until 1867 he continued in the 
 freighting business. Since that time he has given his 
 energies to the stock business, sheep, cattle and horses 
 being the products of his ranch. He has a fine place 
 of sixteen hundred acres in the vicinity of Dillon, 
 where he lived with his family until 1882, in which year 
 they moved into the town of Dillon, and here have 
 resided ever since. 
 
 It is needless to add that Mr. Carter has enjoyed a 
 splendid success in his operations. His present circum- 
 stances speak for his business prosperity, and he is 
 everywhere regarded as one of the financially respons- 
 ible men of the city and county. In the early years of 
 -\lr. Carter's operations in Montana he had a partner 
 in the person of B. C. Bennett, their association con- 
 tinuing from 1863 to 1867. Their relations all this time 
 were of the most amicable order, and were only discon- 
 tinued when Mr. Bennett returned to his old home in 
 (.)hio, married and settled in his former home, dying 
 there in 1895. 
 
 On July 4, 1868, Mr. Carter was married to Miss 
 Anna Selway, who was born in Racine, Wisconsin, and 
 came to Montana in 1864. She is one of the pioneer 
 women of Montana, and is the mother of seven chil- 
 dren, as follows : Carrie E., Ada B., Frederick W., Lee 
 S., Guy J., Florence C. and Anna B. 
 
 Orson N. Newman. Probably within the confines of 
 the Yellowstone Valley there is no family better known 
 than that of Newman. Certain it is that its members 
 have been closely identified with the almost phenomenal 
 growth and development of this section since earliest 
 pioneer days, and many now bearing the name are hold- 
 ing positions of importance in public and private life. 
 Since colonial times in America members of the New- 
 man family have been leaders in the settlement of new 
 sections of the country, and among the representatives 
 of the name in Montana the venerable Orson N. New- 
 man, of Billings, stands pre-eminent. He was born in 
 Orleans county. New York, February 15, 1830, and is a 
 son of Joel and Hannah (Lyon) Newman. 
 
 The Newman family is traced back to colonial times, 
 when three brothers of the name came to America, and 
 some of their descendants fought as soldiers in the 
 Continental army during the Revolutionary war, as did 
 also members of the Lyons family. Joel Newman was 
 born in Delaware county. New York, March 22, 1788, 
 and died October 6, 1866. As a young man he traveled 
 to Orleans county, where he hewed him a home from 
 the wilderness, and in 1830 he went to Wayne county, 
 settling in Plymouth township, where the rest of his 
 life was spent in agricultural pursuits. In political 
 matters he was an old-line Whig until the year 1855, 
 at which time he joined the Republican party. During a 
 part of the War of 1812 he fought as a soldier in the 
 .\merican army. He married Hannah Lyon, who was 
 born in New Jersey, June 18, 1794, and died February 
 3, 1853, and to this union there were born five daughters 
 and seven sons, the four youngest sons still surviving: 
 Timothy, who resides in Clinton county, Michigan ; 
 Orson N. ; Hiram, living in Polk county, Oregon ; and 
 ■Albert, a resident of California. 
 
 After securing a common school education in his 
 native state, Orson N. Newman left home at the age of 
 nineteen years and went to work for wages, his first 
 employment being at clearing land. ^ He subsequently 
 spent eight years in the lurnber business, working in 
 the woods of northern Michigan, on the Muskegon river, 
 and while in that locality, April 3, 1855, was married. 
 
 During the spring of 1858 he left Michigan with his 
 wife and two children, crossed Lake Michigan by boat to 
 Chicago, went thence by rail to St. Louis, and by steam- 
 ship up the Missouri river to Atchison, Kansas. At 
 that point they took a mule team to America, ninety 
 miles west of Atchison, this being the extreme western 
 frontier town at that time. There Mr. Newman took up 
 land and spent four years in improving his property, 
 and had a fair measure of success, although of con- 
 veniences there were few and neighbors even less. Of 
 Indians and buffalo, however, there were a plentiful 
 quantity. On July 2, 1862, Mr. Newman left Kansas by 
 o.x-team overland to Camp Collins, Colorado, where he 
 spent the fall and winter of 1862-3, and in the spring 
 of the- latter year he and his family joined a freight 
 train for East Bannack, territory of Montana, at which 
 point the train broke up. The members of the Newman 
 family spent one week at that place and then moved on 
 to Alder Gulch, and at the present site of Virginia City 
 Mr. Newman was engaged in digging a drain, at six 
 dollars per day. Mrs. Newman assisted her husband 
 materially at this time by selling milk from the cows 
 that they had brought through from Kansas, as well as 
 disposing of bread which she had baked, and after they 
 had remained in Alder Gulch for six weeks they moved 
 on to Madison Valley, where Mr. Newman took up a 
 hay claim. At that time he was compelled to pay^ 
 twenty-five dollars apiece for scythes, while help was 
 not to be had cheaper than five dollars per day, but 
 during the six years that he remained in that locality 
 he met with success, and built a station known as Elk- 
 horn Ranch Farm Roadhouse. During i86g the family 
 started overland for California, and in October of that 
 year arrived at Santiago, where they remained for one 
 year. In 1870 they went to that portion of San Ber- 
 nardino county which has recently been made River- 
 side county, and there, in November, 1870, Mr. Newman 
 assisted in putting in the first irrigation ditch in that 
 portion of the country. He located ten acres of land 
 and planted grapes and oranges, but in May, 1873, with 
 a four-horse team, left the Golden state to travel over- 
 land to Salem, Oregon. During the winter of 1873-4 
 he was engaged in contracting and cutting timber for 
 sawmills, and he then went to the Snohomish river, 
 Washington territor_v, on Puget Sound, about fifty miles 
 from Seattle. There he and his two sons, Charles H. 
 and Edwin M., spent the summer of 1874 working in a 
 lumber camp, and the four-horse team was again put 
 into commission, the family starting for Portland, Ore- 
 gon, over the Barlow Pass, into the Walla Walla 
 country, and on to Palouse, just over the line from 
 Idaho. After passing the latter point they were snow- 
 bound in western Idaho and were compelled to spend 
 the winter there, building a crude cabin in which they 
 lived until the spring of 1875. At that time they came 
 through to the old family homestead on Meadow Creek, 
 Montana, and after spending three months there moved 
 on to Bozeman, where they spent the winter. In the 
 spring of 1876 they engaged in farming in the Gallatin 
 Valley, but only remained two years, when, deciding to 
 again” seek new territory, they loaded a large wagon 
 with provisions and seed, and with three yoke of cattle 
 came overland to the Yellowstone Valiev and located 
 near Coulson, now a deserted village about two miles 
 from the present dtv of Billings. They arrived March 
 16, 1878, and the father and sons at once began farm- 
 ing together, but later this partnership was discontinued 
 when the sons engaged in the sheen business. Mr. 
 Newman resided on the old farm until 1899, and since 
 that time has lived somewhat retired, his winters being 
 spent on the Pacific coast, princmally in southern Cali- 
 fornia. He is a Socialist in his nolitical proclivities, 
 but has never been an office seeker, although at dif- 
 ferent times he has been chosen to fill public positions. 
 In 1896 he was elected county commissioner and served 
 as chairman of the board up to October, 1899, when he 
 
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 V 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 895 
 
 resigned. He was appointed justice of the peace by 
 Hon. Sidney Edgerton, the first governor of Montana, 
 but declined the office, and later was appointed to the 
 same office by the county commissioners of Custer 
 county. All of Mr. Newman’s undertakings have met 
 with a full measure of success, and throughout his life 
 he has fostered and developed operations that have 
 helped to build up and improve the community where- 
 ever he has resided. In his declining years he is en- 
 joying the fruits of a career that has been filled with 
 kind and useful deeds, and he may rest secure in the 
 knowledge that he has the regard, the esteem and the 
 full confidence of all with whom he has come in con- 
 tact. 
 
 On April 3, 1855, Mr. Newman was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Elizabeth Matilda Tripp, at Croton, 
 Newavgo county, Michigan. She was born in Ontario, 
 Canada, daughter of David and Lena (Clapp) Tripp, the 
 former a native of New York state, who died in Mar- 
 shall county, Kansas, when seventy years of age; and 
 the latter a native of Ontario, who is also dead. 
 They had a son and a daughter, the former still living, 
 while Mrs. Newman passed away August 18, 1886. 
 Eleven children were born to Orson N. and Elizabeth 
 M. (Tripp) Newman, as follows: Charles H., of 
 
 Billings; Edwin M., living in Yellowstone county, one 
 and one-half miles south of Billings, who is married 
 and has five children; William M., who is engaged in 
 farming in Yellowstone county; Jane, the wife of Henry 
 McKinsey, living at East Boulder, Sweet Grass county, 
 Montana, who has eight children; Asa D., an extensive 
 sheep raiser, and the owner of a large ranch in Blue 
 Creek, Yellowstone valley, who is married and has two 
 children ; Mary, the wife of W. J. Scott, of Billings, 
 who has two children; Albert A., of Billings; Abe, who 
 lost his life in a railroad accident in 1899, being at that 
 time twenty-seven years of age ; Martha, who died 
 when seven years of age ; Mark, the owner of a fine 
 cattle and sheep ranch on Blue Creek, Yellowstone 
 county, who is married and has three children ; and 
 Burton, who died in infancy. 
 
 Charles H. Newman. A member of an old and hon- 
 ored pioneer familv. and himself a resident of the Yel- 
 lowstone Valley for nearly thirty-five years, Charles H. 
 Newman, chairman of the board of county commis- 
 sioners of Yellowstone county, has been closely identi- 
 fied with a number of enterprises that have gone to 
 make this one of the centers of industrial activity in 
 the west. The greater part of Mr. Newman’s boyhood 
 and youth was spent in travel, and with his parents he 
 visited a number of sections of the country^ when they 
 were still in their infancy, but since coming to Montana 
 has made this state his home, and has been identified 
 with its interests from the days when he engaged in 
 hunting and trapping for a living to the present time, 
 when he is known as one of the leading sheepmen of the 
 valley. Mr. Newman was born October 22, 1856, in 
 Neway.go county. Michigan, and is a son of Orson N. 
 and Elizabeth Matilda (Tripp) Newman. 
 
 Mr. Newman is a direct descendant of early Colonial 
 settlers who fought as soldiers in the Continental army 
 during the War of the Revolution, and his paternal 
 grandfather, Joel Newman, was an American soldier 
 during the War of 1812-14. The latter was born in 
 Delaware county. New York, March 22, 1788, and died 
 October 6. 1866, and his wife, who bore the maiden 
 name of Hannah Lyon, was born irf New Jersey, June 
 18, 1794, and died February 3, 1853. They had five 
 daughters and seven sons, four of the latter being alive 
 at this time: Timothy, of Clinton county, Michigan; 
 Orson N. ; Hiram, who lives in Polk county, Oregon ; 
 and Albert, who makes his home in California. Joel 
 Newman first made a home for himself in the wilder- 
 ness of Delaware county'. New York, and also yvas a 
 pioneer of Wyoming county', where he spent the rest of 
 
 his life as a farmer of Plymouth township. In 1855 he 
 gave up the politics of the Whig party for those of the 
 newly-organized Republicans, yvith yvhich organization 
 he was identified during the remainder of his career. 
 
 _ Orson N. Newman received a good education for his 
 time and locality, and at the age ojE nineteen years 
 started out to make his oyvn way in the world. He 
 spent some time in working at land-clearing, but he 
 subsequently went to the lumber yvoods of northern 
 Michigan, and there spent eight years. He yvas mar- 
 ried there April 3, 1855, at Croton, Newaygo county, 
 Michigan, to Miss Elizabeth Matilda Tripp, who yvas 
 born in Ontario, Canada, daughter of David and Lena 
 (Clapp) Tripp, the former a native of New York state 
 and the later of Ontario, both of yvhom are deceased. 
 Mrs. Newman passed away August 18, 1886, having 
 been the mother of eleven children, as follows : Charles 
 H. ; Edwin M., who lives one and one-half miles south 
 of Billings ; William Marvin, also engaged in farming 
 in the Yellowstone Valley; Jane, the yvife of Henry 
 McKinsey, of East Boulder, Syveet Grass county; Asa 
 D., an extensive sheep raiser of Billings, who owns a 
 valuable ranch south of Billings, on Blue Creek; Mary, 
 yvho married W. J. Scott, of Billings ; Albert A. ; Abe, 
 who met his death in a railroad accident when tyventy- 
 seven years of age, in 1899; Martha, yvho died when 
 seven years of age ; Mark, the owner of a fine cattle 
 and sheep ranch on Blue Creek, Yellowstone county; 
 and Burton, who died in infancy. During the spring of 
 1858 Mr. and Mrs. Newman and their two children left 
 Michigan and yvent by way of Chicago, St. Louis and 
 Atchison, Kansas, to America, the frontier of the west, 
 a town about ninety miles from Atchison. After four 
 y'ears spent in farming the family moved on to Camp 
 Collins, Colorado, and in the spring of 1863 a freight 
 train bound for East Bannack, IMontana, was joined. 
 The train broke up at that point, but after a stay of a 
 week the Newmans pushed on to Alder Gulch, and on 
 the present site of Virginia City the father yvas engaged 
 in digging a ditch, yvhile the mother added to the income 
 by selling milk and baking home-made bread for the 
 miners of the vicinity. Mr. Newman was paid at the 
 rate of six dollars per day and Mrs. Newman made 
 nearly as much by her industry, and after six weeks they 
 had accumulated enough to invest in a hay ranch in 
 the Madison Valley. Although he was obliged to pay 
 a salary of five dollars per day to his hay cutters and 
 twenty-five dollars apiece for scythes, Mr. Newman yvas 
 able to make money, and he there built a station known 
 as the Elkhorn Ranch Farm Roadhouse, yvhich yvas 
 much patronized during the early days. During 1869 
 the family started overland for California, and in Octo- 
 ber of that year arrived at Santiago, where they' re- 
 mained for one year. In 1870 they yvent to what is 
 now Riverside (then San Bernardino) county, Cali- 
 fornia, and in November of that year Mr. Neyvman as- 
 sisted in building the first irrigation ditch in that county. 
 He also experimented yvith grapes and oranges on a 
 ten-acre tract, but in May, 1873, with a four-horse team, 
 started overland for Portland, Oregon. He spent the 
 winter of 1873-4 in contracting and cutting timber for 
 sawmills, and in the spring went to Snohomish river, 
 about fifty miles from Seattle, Washington, yvhere he 
 and his two sons, Charles H. and Edwin M., spent the 
 winter of 1874 working in a lumber camp. Still un- 
 satisfied with their location, the family again started on 
 its journey, aiming to go to Portland, Oregon, but after 
 going through the Barloyv Pass into the Walla Walla 
 territory', and on to Palouse. yvere snoyv-bound in 
 yvestern Idaho and compelled to build a cabin in yvhich 
 to spend the yvinter. In the spring of 1875 they' again 
 started and came through to Meadoyv Creek. Madison 
 Valley, Montana, where had been the old homestead 
 years before, and after three months left for Bozeman, 
 yvhere they spent the folloyving yvinter. The spring of 
 1876 found the father and sons engaged in farming in 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 «yo 
 
 the Gallatin Valley, but after two years they loaded a 
 large wagon with provisions and seeds, and with three 
 yoke of oxen came overland to the Yellowstone Valley, 
 locating at Coulson, now a deserted villa,ge about two 
 miles from the present city of Billings. Ihe father and 
 sons were engaged in farming there for some years, but 
 in 1899 IMr. Newman retired from business activities, 
 and since that time he has spent his winters on the 
 Pacific coast, principally in southern California. He is 
 a Socialist in his political belief, and has served as county 
 commssioner and as justice of the peace, although he 
 has never sought and often declined public office. He 
 is one of his locality’s most highly honored citizens, and 
 is esteemed both as one of the Yellowstone's hardy pio- 
 neers, and as a citizen whose activities have been so 
 directed as to benefit his community. 
 
 Charles H. Newman secured his education 111 the 
 public schools of the various vicinities in which the 
 family lived, and grew up in an atmosphere of continual 
 industry and hard laltor. With his parents he arrived 
 in the Yellowstone Valley, March 16, 1878, and during 
 the first four or five years he was engaged m hunting 
 and trapping in the winter months. Money at that time 
 was not easily obtained and work was a scarce com- 
 modity, so that the income derived from the hides and 
 pelts obtained by the young men added appreciably to 
 the family resources. He worked at farming with his 
 father and brother, lidwin M., during the summer 
 montlis, and in 1886 purchased 700 head of sheep with 
 the money he had accumulated during his many years 
 of earnest, energetic endeavor. Subsequently his 
 l>rothcr, Asa D., being assisted by his fathei, joined him 
 ill this enterprise and for some years they continued m 
 the sheep business as partners. Later Mr. Newman 
 bouo'ht the old homestead, which he still owns, and in 
 1894 came to Billings, having been appointed dej^ity 
 sheriflf of Yellowstone county. He served in that office 
 for four years and then returned to the old homestead, 
 hut in 1903 sold his sheep and engaged in farming. This 
 occupied his attention until 1906, in_ which year he was 
 elected county commissioner, and in 1908 he was re- 
 elected for a term of six years. Since January i, 1907, 
 he has acted as chairman of the board, and has proven 
 himself in every way an efficient official. Mr. Newman 
 has brought an enthusiasm to his work that has done 
 much to advance the work done by the board, and at 
 present is active in the erection of the fine county house 
 three miles from Billings. He gives his support to the 
 Republican party, its principles and its candidates, and 
 is considered an important factor in the Republican 
 organization in the valley. Fraternally he is connected 
 with Rathbone Lodge, No. 28, K. of P. ; Camp No. 6269, 
 Woodmen of the World; Billings Lodge, No. 394, B. 
 P. O, E. . . 
 
 On January 12, 1898, Mr. Newman was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Cinderella Walk, who was born in Har- 
 rison county, Indiana, daughter of Joseph A. and Olive 
 (Crandell) Walk, natives of Indiana. Mr. Walk was 
 born February 16, 1814, and on September 6, 1837, was 
 married to Olive Crandell, who was born December 24, 
 1821. Fie was engaged in farming in Indiana until 1872, 
 in which year he moved to Greenwood county, Kansas, 
 and settled on a farm near Eureka, and the rest of his 
 life was spent in farming and stock-raising in that lo- 
 cality. His wife died March 10. 1891, and he survived 
 her until August 19, 1900. Of a family of sixteen chil- 
 dren, two died in infancy, while fourteen grew to ma- 
 turity, and of these Mrs. Newman, was the youngest. 
 Mr. Newman’s business career was one in which in- 
 dustrial activity was blended with strict integrity, and 
 his official efforts have been such as to win the unquali- 
 fied esteem and confidence of his fellow townsmen, 
 who have shown their appreciation of his work by giv- 
 ing him their hearty support and personal friendship. 
 
 Albert A. Newman. A worthy representative of one 
 of the Yellowstone valley’s pioneer families, and a man 
 who, for more than thirty years, was engaged in ranch- 
 mg and sheep raising, Albert A. Newman, of Billings, 
 is deserving of being classed among the progressive 
 men of Montana, who have been intimately connected 
 with its growth and development. Mr. Newman was 
 born near Bakersfield, Kern county, California, August 
 16, 1869, in camp, while his parents, Orson N. and Eliza- 
 beth Matilda (Tripp) Newman, were making their way 
 into that state. 
 
 The founders of the Newman family in America came 
 to this country during colonial days, and members there- 
 of fought valiantly during the War of the Revolution, 
 also furnishing soldiers for the struggle between Eng- 
 land and the United States in 1812. One of the latter, 
 Joel Newman, the grandfather of Albert A., was born 
 in Delaware county. New York, March 22, 1788, sub- 
 sequently was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Or- 
 leans county, that state, and spent his last years in 
 Plymouth township, Wyoming county, New York, 
 where his death occurred October 6, 1866. He was 
 first a Whig and _ later a Republican, and became a 
 well-known and highly esteemed citizen. He married 
 Hannah Lyon, who was also of Revolutionary stock, 
 and who was born in New Jersey, June 18, 1794, and 
 died February 3, 1853, and they had a family of five 
 daughters and seven sons, the four youngest sons still 
 surviving, as follows : Timothy, who lives in Clinton 
 county, Michigan ; Orson N. ; Hiram, of Polk county, 
 Oregon; and Albert, who resides in California. 
 
 Orson N. Newman was born in Orleans county. New 
 York, February 15, 1830, received a public school educa- 
 tion, and at the age of nineteen years began working 
 for himself at clearing land. He subsequently spent 
 eight years in the lumber district of northern Michigan, 
 and was married April 3, 1855, at Croton, Newaygo 
 county, Michigan, to Miss Elizabeth Matilda Tripp, a 
 native of Ontario, Canada. Her death occurred August 
 18, 1886, when she had been the mother of eleven 
 children, namely; Charles H., chairman of the board 
 of commissioners of Yellowstone county; Edwin M., 
 living one and one-half miles south of Billings'; Wm. 
 M., a farmer of the Yellowstone valley; Jane, who mar- 
 ried Henry McKinsey of East Boulder, Sweet Grass 
 county; Asa D., an extensive sheep raiser of Billings; 
 Mary, who married W. J. Scott, of Billings; Albert A.; 
 Abe, who died in a railroad accident in 1899, when he 
 was twenty-seven years of age; Martha, who died 
 when seven years old; Mark, engaged in sheep and 
 cattle raising on his fine ranch on Blue Creek, Yellow- 
 stone county; and Burton, who died in infanc3’. 
 
 During the spring of 1858 Mr. and IMrs. Newman, 
 accompanied by their two children, left Michigan and 
 went by way of Chicago, St. Louis and Atchison, Kan- 
 sas, to America, a town about ninety miles from Atchi- 
 son, and then situated on the border. After four years 
 spent in farming, removal was made to Camp Collins, 
 Colorado, and in the spring of 1863 the family joined a 
 freight train which was bound for East Bannack, 
 Montana. At that point the train broke up and after 
 a stay of a week the Newmans pushed on to Alder 
 Gulch. On the present site of Virginia City the father 
 was engaged in digging drains, and the mother added 
 to the income by selling milk and bread to the miners 
 of the vicinity. For his work Mr. Newman was paid at 
 the rate of six dollars a day and Mrs. Newman made 
 almost as much by» her industry, and within six weeks 
 they had accumulated enough capital to invest in a hay 
 ranch in the Madison valley. Although he was obliged 
 to pay a salary of five dollars a day to his hay cutters 
 and twenty-five dollars apiece for scythes, Mr. Newman 
 was able to make money, and he there built a station 
 known as the Elkhorn Ranch Farm Roadhouse, which 
 was liberally patronized during the early days. _ Dur- 
 ing 1869 the family started overland for California, and 
 

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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 897 
 
 in October of that year reached Santiago, where they 
 remained for one 3'ear. In 1870 they went to River- 
 side (then San Bernardino) county, California, and in 
 November of that year Mr. Newman assisted in building 
 the first irrigation ditch in that county. He also experi- 
 mented with grapes and oranges on a ten acre tract, 
 but in May, 1873, started northward with a four-horse 
 team, going overland to Portland, Oregon. He spent 
 the winter of 1873-4 in contracting and cutting timber 
 for sawmills, and in the spring went to Snohomish 
 river, about fifty miles from Seattle, Washington, where 
 he and his two sons, Charles H. and Edwin M., spent 
 the winter of 1874, working in a lumber camp. Still 
 unsatisfied with their location, the family again started 
 on its journey, aiming for Portland, Oregon, but after 
 going through the Barlow Pass into Walla Walla county, 
 and on to Palouse, were snow-bound in western Idaho 
 and compelled to build a cabin in which to spend the 
 winter. In the spring of 1875 they resumed their 
 journey and came through to Meadow Creek Gallatin 
 valley, Montana, where had been the old homestead years 
 before, but three months later left for Bozeman, where 
 they passed the following winter. The spring of 1876 
 found the father and sons engaged in farming in the 
 Gallatin valle}^ but after two years they loaded a large 
 wagon with provisions and seeds and with three yoke 
 of oxen came overland to the Yellowstone valley, lo- 
 cating at Coulson, which is now a deserted village about 
 two miles from the present city of Billings. For some 
 years the father and sons followed farming there, but 
 in 1899 Orson N. Newman retired from business activ- 
 ity, and since that time has spent his winters on the 
 Pacific coast, mainly in southern California. He is a 
 Socialist In his political opinions, and has served as 
 county commissioner and as justice of the peace, al- 
 though he has never sought and often has declined 
 publk' office. Mr. Newman is justly esteemed as a 
 citizen and is numbered with the honored pioneers of 
 the Yellowstone valley. 
 
 ■Albert A. Newman accompanied his parents in their 
 various, migrations, and his first schooling was secured 
 in the- Gallatin valley, at Middle Creek, he later at- 
 tending school in Custer county. He worked at farm- 
 ing and stock raising on his father’s ranch, and in 1886 
 engaged in the sheep business, being in partnership 
 with his brothers up to 1890, when he took up farming 
 on his own account. After being thus engaged for four 
 or five years, he went to Ada, Ohio, where he attended 
 school during two winter terms, and he then returned to 
 the old homestead in the Yellowstone valley, and en- 
 gaged in farming and sheep raising until 1898. He was 
 then occupied in working the homestead property until 
 1900, and in that year started to raise sheep on Bull 
 Mountain, Musselshell county, but in 1910 sold his 
 stock and -rented the ranch. Since that time he has 
 lived practically retired at his Billings home, situated 
 at No. 1122 North Thirtieth street. In political matters 
 he -is a Republican, but he has not cared to enter public 
 life. 
 
 On April 28, 1897, -Mr. Newman was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss 'Lillian Shannon, who was born at 
 Mankato, Minnesota, dattghter of Andrew S. and Chris- 
 tina E. (Spencer) Shannon. Mr. Newman, in conse- 
 quence of his genial manner and - his - general worth 
 and usefulness, and for the fact that what he has 
 acquired is the result of his own thrift, energy and 
 business capacity, is highly esteemed. He has been one 
 of the first to assist in promoting enterprises of a bene- 
 ficial nature, and takes a deep interest in all matters 
 pertaining to the welfare of the people. 
 
 William Y. Pemberton. In no profession is there 
 a career in which talent is more quickly discovered than 
 is that of the law, and in no field of endeavor is there 
 demanded a more careful preparation, a more thorough 
 appreciation of the absolute ethics of life and of the 
 
 underlying principles which form the basis of all human 
 rights and privileges. Unflagging application, intuitive 
 wisdom and a determination to fully utilize the means 
 at hand are the concomitants which insure personal 
 success and prestige in this great profession, which 
 stands as a stern conservator, and it is one in which 
 success comes only as a result of natural capacity, un- 
 mistakable ability and inflexible integrit}'. 
 
 Among those who have lent dignity and honor to the 
 bench and bar of Montana is Judge William Young 
 Pemberton, of Helena, who has the distinction of hav- 
 ing served with signal ability as chief justice of the 
 supreme court of the state, and is recognized as one 
 of the able jurists and legists of the northwest. 
 
 William Y. Pemberton is a native of the state of 
 Tennessee, having been born in Nashville, on the ist 
 of June, 1843. His parents were William and IMartha 
 (Brooks) Pemberton, and he rvas one of four sons, 
 of whom he was the j'oungest and is now the only one 
 living. The genealogy of the family may be traced' back 
 to stanch English and Scotch ancestry, the original 
 American progenitors in the agnatic line having among 
 the early settlers in the Old Dominion, where the family 
 was one of prominence and influence. Judge Pember- 
 ton was reared in Missouri, where he was under the 
 tutelage of his aunt, Mrs. Rebecca E. Williamson. 
 Here he remained until he attained his legal majority, 
 attending the public schools until he was of age to 
 enter college. He was then sent to the Alasonic Col- 
 lege, in Lexington, Missouri, where he continued his 
 literary studies, in the meanwhile formulating his plans 
 for preparing himself for the legal profession. With 
 this end in view he entered the Cumberland Law 
 School, at Lebanon, Tennessee, where he devoted him- 
 self assiduously to the technics of the law, to such good 
 purpose that he was graduated with the class of 1861. 
 
 In 1863 Judge Pemberton came to Montana and be- 
 came one of the pioneer la.wyers of the state. He lo- 
 cated in Virginia City, and before long had a flourishing 
 practice. The early laws of the territory were vague 
 and indefinite and they were indifferently administered. 
 Therefore the interposition of a skilled and discriminat- 
 ing attorney, who in addition to a great store of legal 
 knowledge had also the gift of common sense, was 
 hailed with delight on the part of those who were in 
 favor of a reign of law and order. Judge Pemberton 
 thus became at once a man of power and influence and 
 his services were in demand in all parts of the ter- 
 ritory where settlements had been made or mining 
 camps established. In 1865 he removed to Helena, then 
 a mere mining camp straggling up Last Chance gulch. 
 He was one of the earliest settlers in what is now the 
 beautiful capital city of the state, although he did not 
 long continue his residence there, for in 1868 he re- 
 turned to Missouri. Later he -^vent to Texas and was 
 there engaged in professional practice until 1880, when 
 he again felt the call of the wilder west and he re- 
 turned to Montana, locating in Butte, which remained 
 his home until 1909, when he came to Helena, where he 
 has since resided. 
 
 Judge Pemberton was gladly welcomed to his old 
 home, and in 1882 he was elected district attorney of 
 the West Side district, which included the greater por- 
 tion of the territory- west of the mountains. He was 
 reelected to this position to succeed himself in 1884 
 His fitness for a position on the bench became more 
 apparent each year and therefore in 1891 he was ap- 
 pointed district judge of the district including Butte, 
 and served upon its bench until January i, 1893. when 
 he entered upon the duties of the highest judicial office 
 in the state, becoming chief justice of the supreme 
 court, an office to which he had been elected the pre- 
 ceding November. 
 
 No man thus identified with Montana’s highest tri- 
 bunal came to the office with more eminent qualifica- 
 tions than did Judge Pemberton. Possessing a strong 
 
898 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 and distinct individuality, thoroughly read in the science 
 of the law, familiar with minutia and precedents, and 
 having an intuitively judicial mind, he brought to the 
 supreme bench the attributes essential to the insuring 
 of equity and justice in the tribunal, the final resort of 
 the people of the commonwealth. His rulings on the 
 supreme bench were singularly able, fair and impartial, 
 showing a keen discrimination in detecting the true points 
 at issue and eliminating all that was irrelevant, while 
 his opinions were concise and clearly defined, couched 
 in exact and effective language and showing the broad 
 mental grasp and thorough legal knowledge of the chief 
 justice. His term on the supreme bench expired in 
 1899 and the state will ever owe him a tribute of re- 
 spect and will honor him as a wide judge and an up- 
 right man. After his retirement from the bench. Judge 
 Pemberton resumed his practice of the law in Butte. 
 His high prestige and well-known ability insured him 
 a leading clientage, his services being in demand by 
 many corporations, while he continued to appear in con- 
 nection with much of the important litigation in the 
 various courts of the state. In June, I 909 > Judge Pem- 
 berton was appointed librarian of the State Historical 
 and Miscellanous Library at Helena, and to the duties 
 of this office he now gives his entire time and atten- 
 tion. 
 
 In his political allegiance Judge Pemberton has ever 
 given an unswerving support to the principles and poli- 
 cies of the Democratic party, and he has wielded a 
 marked influence in shaping the political affairs of the 
 state. The party cause has been greatly advanced 
 through his efforts, both in private and public advocacy 
 of those principles which he considers the true ones, 
 his powers in dialetics being of an exceptional order, 
 and always at the disposal of his party during a poli- 
 tical campaign. Fraternally the judge is identified_ with 
 the Masonic order, in which he has taken the capitular 
 degrees. He has taken a .very prominent and active 
 part in the affairs of the Society of Montana Pioneers, 
 serving as president of the organization. 
 
 Wm.i.VM L. Steele, deceased. It is doubtful if in all 
 the chronicle of human endeavor, east and west, there 
 could be paralleled in variety and definite usefulness the 
 record of that fine Montana pioneer, the late Dr. Wil- 
 liam L. Steele. To say that he was one of the most 
 distinguished members of his profession in the west is 
 but to begin the enumeration of his abilities and in the 
 evolution of territory and state he played a diverse and 
 important part. Dr. Steele was born February 17, 1833, 
 near Pendleton, Anderson county, South Carolina, and 
 died May 15, 1910, at his home in Helena, Montana. 
 He was the scion of stanch old Southern stock, the son 
 of William and Margaret (Guyton) _ Steele, natives of 
 the county which was the scene of his own birth. The 
 father was a midshipman in the United States navy 
 and participated in the decisive naval battle between the 
 Chesapeake and the Shannon in the War of 1812, when 
 Captain Lawrence was mortally wounded and uttered 
 with his last breath the heroic words, “Don’t give up 
 the ship,” which have been the inspiration of all subse- 
 quent American generations. After the termination of 
 his services in war the elder Steele engaged as a planter 
 in the south, until summoned to the “undiscovered 
 country.” Fie was honored with the gift of several 
 offices in public trust, serving in the legislature of his 
 state and for sixteen years acting as tax collector. The 
 immigrant ancestor of the Steeles was of Scotch-Irish 
 stock, and located first in Pennsylvania, whence his 
 descendants removed to South Carolina, their exodus to 
 the south predating the Revolution, in which the Steeles 
 were active and valiant for the cause of freedom. The 
 maternal grandparents of Dr. Steele were named Wat- 
 son. and extant record shows that the Grandmother 
 Watson, passing through the camp of Lord Corn- 
 
 wallis, carried a dispatch to General Green, during the 
 siege of Yorktown. 
 
 Dr. Steele was pne of a family of typical pioneer pro- 
 portions, there being no less than sixteen children. Of 
 the brothers, three became residents of Montana. The 
 family was in good circumstances and the father had 
 the happiness to be able to give his sons good educa- 
 tions. The doctor received his academic education in 
 the John L. Kennedy classical school in Thalion 
 Academy, South Carolina, from which latter institution 
 he graduated. For the ensuing two years he was en- 
 gaged in pedagogical work and in the meantime, having 
 come to a decision as to his life work, he began the 
 reading of medicine. In 1854, fie matriculated in the 
 South Carolina Medical College at Charleston, and com- 
 pleted a three years’ course, receiving his degree of 
 M. D. in 1857. 
 
 He inaugurated his practice as contract surgeon with 
 the Rabun Gap Railroad, in which position he served 
 two years. In 1859 he made the journey across the 
 plains to Colorado, answering like so many of the flower 
 of American manhood, the beckoning finger of Oppor- 
 tunity from the westward. In the new state he made 
 location in Missouri City, where he secured a placer 
 claim, which he worked until 1862, with fair success, 
 in the meantime doing such professional work as came 
 to him. In Colorado he became superintendent of the 
 consolidated ditch, which supplied water for the placer 
 mines, and he was largely interested in the great enter- 
 prise. He also devoted considerable attention to stock 
 raising. 
 
 Dr. Steele’s' residence in Montana dates from the 
 year 1863. His first residence was at Bannack City, 
 whence in course of time he removed to Alder Gulch, 
 In the latter locality he served as the first president, 
 which incumbency, under the conditions then exist- 
 ing implied his presiding over the local court of justice, 
 his powers being practically supreme. The country 
 was new and wild and the doctor in his judicial capacity 
 presided over the trial of several outlaws and it was 
 necessary for him to pass the death sentence upon one 
 or more criminals condemned to execution. In 1864 
 he brought a stock of goods to Alder Gulch, and in a 
 very short time disposed of them. In November of that 
 year he located in Helena, which in that day was a mere 
 mining camp, and this was destined to be the scene of 
 his remaining years. He immediately purchased a 
 large interests in mining properties in Grizzlv Gulch and 
 in 1865, additional ones in Ophir Gulch, Deer Lodge 
 county, and also in McClellan Gulch. All of these he 
 operated with success. He also engaged in cattle rais- 
 ing and in 1867 and 1868 he conducted freighting, with 
 Fort Benton as headquarters. 
 
 In 1869 Dr. Steele was elected sheriff of Lewis and 
 Clark county, during his two years’ term of service 
 doing much to suppress lawlessness and crime, the of- 
 fice at that time demanding in its incumbent great tact, 
 much discrimination, incessant watchfulness and daunt- 
 less courage. From 1871 until 1898 he gave the greater 
 part of his attention to active medical practice, and in 
 the latter year, being then of advanced age, retired 
 for the most part from its active duties. He was an 
 enlightened practitioner and the friend and doctor of 
 hundreds of families. 
 
 Instinctively all classes paid deference to Doctor 
 Steele and were eager to entrust to his wisdom and 
 public-spirit the responsibilities of office. He was a 
 member of the state senate in the legislature of 1896; 
 he was for ten years county coroner ; three times he 
 was elected mayor of Flelena, and in 1898 he was elect- 
 ed treasurer of Lewis and Clark county. In that same 
 year he -was strongly urged to allow the use of his 
 name as candidate for governor of the state, but he de- 
 clined. In scores of other ways, the leading citizens 
 gave dignified evidence of the esteem in which they held 
 him, not only in his home city, but throughout the 
 
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 fe'- 
 
Jooqum 
 
 £nQ bu£ CMiUiams OBro^y 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 899 
 
 state. In political faith he was a Democrat and his 
 active loyalty did much to promote the success of the 
 causes for which the party stood. Professionally he 
 was a member of state and county medical societies, 
 and his fraternal affiliations extended to the Knights of 
 Pythias, and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. 
 
 In 1865, Dr. Steele laid the foundation of his domes- 
 tic happiness by his marriage to Miss Agnes Forbes, a 
 native of Missouri. The children born to bless tbeir 
 union are Turner A., Frank F. and Agnes B. The 
 Steele home was famous for its hospitality. 
 
 Dr. Steele was president of the Association of Mon- 
 tana Pioneers and in its ranks all honor was paid to 
 him as a man of unsurpassed usefulness and honor, 
 in all the relations of life his record was unblemished 
 and all the splendid traits of the sterling pioneer was 
 his in abundance. .His individuality was strong, and 
 at the same time pleasing and his benevolence and love 
 of his fellow men unbounded. It means much to a city 
 to number among its inhabitants men of his type in 
 which the pure fire of philanthropy and public spirit 
 burns so serenely ; such men are of necessity rare and 
 all honor is due to them when they are found. He lived 
 to the venerable age of seventy-seven and of him it 
 may well be said, 
 
 “The sweet remembrance of the just. 
 
 Shall flourish when he sleeps in dust.” 
 
 Ch.^rles N. Kessler. A name identified with Mon- 
 tana territorial days, and connected with the business 
 life of Helena for almost a half century, is that repre- 
 sented in this city by Charles N. and Frederick E. 
 Kessler, sons of Nickolas Kessler, whose death 
 occurred in Helena, December ii, 1901. 
 
 Nickolas Kessler, one of the pioneers of Montana, as 
 well as one of the most prominent business men and 
 citizens of his day in the city of Helena, will long be 
 remembered as a man whose public spirit and enter- 
 prise were important factors in the upbuilding of that 
 city. He was born in Luxemburg, Germany, May 26, 
 1833, the youngest of six children. His father, whose 
 name was also Nickolas, owned a small farm near 
 Befort, in the grand duchy of Luxemburg, where the 
 son was reared and received his early education. 
 
 When Nickolas Kessler was a young man of but 
 little more than twenty he immigrated to America, 
 landing at New York on January 10, 1854. After a 
 brief stay in that city he went to Detroit, where he 
 secured employment in a grocery store. Following 
 this he was employed in several towns through north- 
 ern Michigan, and at one time worked in the lumber 
 districts. Going to Chicago, he was for about three 
 years employed in the commission and feed business, 
 in partnership with James McPherson, in which con- 
 nection Mr. Kessler was able to accumulate a small 
 capital. 
 
 In the winter of 1859-60, when the news of the gold 
 discoveries at Pike’s Peak was spreading over the 
 coimtr)3 i\Ir. Kessler like many others joined the ex- 
 odus to that section. In disposing of his business in- 
 terests he acquired a small capital which was invested 
 in a mine at White Gulch, Colorado. This property 
 proved to be only a “pocket.” so that his initial mining 
 investment really served to exhaust rather than in- 
 crease his capital. He had considerable experience in 
 the mining camps of Colorado, without profitable re- 
 sults. With a partv of others in August, 1863, he started 
 for Bannack, Montana. The journey was a long and 
 dangerous one, and after roughing it for many days 
 the party arrived^ in Virginia City, Montana, Septem- 
 ber 22, 1863. This camp was then at the height of its 
 excitement, eatables were selling at fabulous prices, and 
 Mr. Kessler opened a small bakery and restaurant, 
 which he conducted with some profit during the next 
 year or so. By this time he had accumulated some 
 voi. n— 4 
 
 little capital, and he concluded to make a visit to his 
 old home in Germany. It was while visiting the scenes 
 of his. boyhood days in Germany that he received a 
 letter from a friend back in Montana informing him 
 that this friend had staked a splendid mining claim for 
 him in Confederate gulch, which would be retained 
 for Mr. Kessler if he would return to Montana. Mr. 
 Kessler hastened back to find that his friend could not 
 hold the property, and that it had been “jumped.” 
 
 About this time the Blackfoot City mining boom was 
 on, and Mr. Kessler went there with the intention of 
 building a brewery for Charles Beehrer, of Nevada, 
 with whom he had become associated. Work on the 
 building was at once begun, but before its completion 
 it was discovered that the mines were beginning to 
 play out, and the future prospects of the camp would 
 not warrant its completion. Mr. Kessler then went to 
 Helena and took charge of a brewery owned by Mr. 
 Beehrer, which plant he purchased in 1865, since which 
 time it has been known as the Kessler Brewery and has 
 always remained in the family, a record in the state of 
 Montana for continuous ownership and operation of an 
 industrial institution. From time to time the plant has 
 been rebuilt or enlarged, modern machinery installed 
 with all the latest sanitary appliances, until now it is 
 one of the largest and best equipped manufacturing 
 establishments of its kind in the northwest. Mr. 
 Charles N. Kessler is the president and Mr. F. E. 
 Kessler is secretary and treasurer. Beginning with 
 an output of less than 1,000 barrels of beer annually, 
 this has grown to over 25,000 barrels per annum, and 
 the plant employs about 50 men. In 1866 Mr. Nickolas 
 Kessler engaged in the manufacture of brick, and later 
 added sewer pipe and tile, becoming the pioneer man- 
 ufacturer in that line of industry, which was enlarged 
 and improved and included in its product paving brick, 
 standard and ornamental flower pots and vases, fire 
 proofing, as well as an output of several million com- 
 mon brick per year. This plant subsequently became 
 the Western Clav Manufacturing Company, and is now 
 one of the most extensive plants of its kind in Montana, 
 and one of Helena’s leading industrial institutions. 
 Mr. Kessler was one of the original board of directors 
 of the National Bank of Montana, and was president of 
 the Cascade Land Companv. Politically he was a Re- 
 publican and served in the territorial legislature of 
 1873, while fraternally he belonged to the Masons as 
 a member of Morning Star Lodge, also to the Elks, 
 Sons of Hermann and was for one year president of 
 the Society .of IMontana pioneers. 
 
 Mr. Kessler was married in 1873 to Miss Louise Ebert, 
 a native of New York City, whose death occurred in 
 1880. She left three children. Charles N., Frederick 
 E. and Mathilde, the latter the wife of Capt. Wil- 
 liam B. Cochran. Lb S. A., and has two daughters, 
 Louise K., and iMarion L. The death of Mr. Kessler 
 occurred on December ii, 1901, and his demise was a 
 sad blow to the city of Helena as well as to his inti- 
 mate friends and relatives. Few men have contributed 
 more to the industrial progress of Helena than did 
 Nickolas Kessler. His Personal characteristics were 
 geniality, kindness of heart and a strong sense of public 
 and private duty. 
 
 The following tribute to his memory, taken from the 
 Helena Independent, is a truthful reflex of public senti- 
 ment over his untimely death; “The saddest news 
 Helena people have heard in many a long time they 
 received yesterday, when it became known that ‘Nick’ 
 Kessler (as every one knew him) was dead. For some 
 time Mr. Kessler had complained of not feeling well, 
 and he planned to make a visit to California this winter. 
 About a week ago he was too ill to come into town, 
 and while many of his close friends knew he was sick, 
 it was not thought he was dangerously ill. His im- 
 mediate family did not think so either. His sons and 
 daughter have been untiring in their attentions to him 
 
900 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 while he was confined to his home, but they could not 
 realize that his condition was serious. But yesterday 
 morning about six o’clock the end came. Four hours 
 previously he had a bad attack, and his physician. Dr. 
 William Treacy, was summoned. But his skill was 
 unavailing. After the first attack Mr. Kessler became 
 unconscious, then rallied a bit, relapsed again into un- 
 consciousness and then went off into a quiet sleep from 
 which he never awoke, and it was such a passing away 
 as seemed fitting to the ending of a good man’s life — 
 cjuiet, painless, peaceful. 
 
 “It is probable the death of no other man in Helena 
 would have occasioned such universal regret as that of 
 Nicholas Kessler. For thirty-eight years he lived in 
 this community and during all of that time he was a 
 potent factor in the business life of the community. In 
 every relation of life — husband, father, business asso- 
 ciate and man of affairs — he was tried and in each of 
 them acquitted himself so well that yesterday the unan- 
 imous voice of the people was that Helena had lost one 
 of the best citizens she had ever possessed. In all of 
 the years he had lived in this community it is doubtful 
 if he made an enemy. Honest in every dealing, con- 
 siderate of others, and always willing to take his share 
 of the misfortunes which came to those who take an 
 active part in affairs, his was a proud record. He was 
 an old-timer and with them he was popular and well- 
 beloved ; the new-comers always found him ready to 
 lend his assistance to any legitimate enterprise. He 
 saw many of the boys and girls grow up into manhood 
 and womanhood, and they liked him because he always 
 had a pleasant word for them. 
 
 “It is the men who have been associated with him in 
 business enterprises who realize what a loss to the city 
 his death is. In all of the years he lived in Helena he 
 was ever foremost in everything that looked to the up- 
 building of the city. When it was proposed to build 
 branch railroad lines from Flelena, Mr. Kessler was 
 among the leaders who were ready to subscribe money 
 for the enterprise. When the hard times came and the 
 men who had been the most progressive and enter- 
 prising were the hardest hit, Mr. Kessler did not es- 
 cape, but he always had a cheerful smile and he did not 
 try to save himself by putting his burden on others. 
 Instead, he was lenient with those whom leniency 
 would assist in giving a chance to recoup, and he went 
 ahead doing all in his power to bring about good times 
 again in the community. With Col. C. Broad- 
 water, he was a loyal and enthusiastic worker for 
 Helena, and where the dollars of one went for the up- 
 building of the city, there the dollars of the other 
 could be found.” 
 
 BTis great energy and business ability made it pos- 
 sible for him not only to huild up large enterprises and 
 accumulate a fortune for his family, but to render most 
 valuable aid to any enterprise or movement of benefit 
 to his city or state. He was one of the best known 
 pioneers in the state, and the association of those old 
 citizens did not have a more enthusiastic member. 
 
 The two sons of Mr. Kessler, Charles N. and Frede- 
 rick E., are numbered among the active business men 
 of Helena, where thev are prominent in the business, 
 financial and social life of the city. 
 
 Charles N. Kessler married Miss Sarah FTewett. of 
 Basin, Montana, and they have one child, a son, Charles 
 Nicholas. Frederick E. Kessler married Miss Florence 
 Gordon of Whitewater, Wisconsin, and their two chil- 
 dren are Helen Kern and Louise Ebert. 
 
 John Hines. Conspicuous among the best known 
 and most prosperous citizens of Broadwater county 
 is John Hines, who through his own efforts has ac- 
 quired a handsome property, and is now living in 
 Townsend, retired from agricultural pursuits, but ac- 
 tive in public affairs, being now county commissioner 
 of his home county. son of the late Edward Hines, 
 
 he was born in 1842, near Kilkenny, Ireland, where 
 his childhood days were passed. 
 
 Born, reared and married in Ireland, Edward Hines 
 emigrated from Kilkenny to the United States in 1848. 
 Settling with his family in Cincinnati, Ohio, he was 
 there a resident until his death, about 1878, for many 
 years having been a prominent contractor of that city. 
 He married Anna Gall, a native of Kal’icenny, Ireland, 
 and of the eight children born of their union but two 
 are living, as follows: John, the subject of this sketch; 
 and Kearns, a retired contractor, living on Walnut 
 Hills, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Coming with his parents to America in 1848, John 
 Hines attended the public schools of Cincinnati until 
 sixteen years old. Beginning life then as a wage 
 earner, he was for three years a clerk in the grocery 
 establishment of Patrick Tracy, whose store was lo- 
 cated at the corner of Central avenue and McFarland 
 street. Bidding farewell then to parents and friends, 
 he responded to the lure of the wild west, striking out 
 boldly for the gold fields. Going by rail to St. Joseph, 
 Missouri, he then proceeded by boat to Council Bluffs, 
 Iowa, where he outfitted for Montana. Crossing the 
 Missouri river June 10, 1863, Mr. Hines arrived at 
 Bannack, Montana, late in September. He remained 
 there a week, and then started with his fellow com- 
 panions toward the frontier, reaching Alder Gulch, now 
 Virginia City, Montana, in October. 
 
 At the Sweetwater crossing, Mr. liines and his party, 
 which consisted of seven men, separated from the 
 main body of the wagon train, composed principally 
 of Mormons, who were bound for an entirely different 
 part of the country. Subsequently Indians overtook 
 Mr. Hines and his party one night, and stole some 
 of their oxen. Mr. Hines and three of his fellow- 
 travelers voted to chase the thieves rather than return 
 to the nearest trading post to buy more oxen, and three 
 of the party started out after the savages, traveling- 
 twenty miles before catching sight of them. By an 
 exchange of shots the pursuers forced the Indians to 
 abandon the cattle, but not before one of the animals 
 had been killed. Having driven off the Indians, the 
 band of emigrants secured their cattle, and retraced 
 their steps to the camping place of the Creighton 
 train, and reported what had happened and with twenty 
 men armed with Winchester rifles Mr. Hines guided 
 them to where the ox was killed. They found two 
 hind quarters, the remainder of the carcass having been 
 taken away by the Indians. 
 
 Mr. Hines remained at Alder Gulch, mining and 
 prospecting, until 1868, during the time having for two 
 years, in company with John McQueen, operated a 
 general store, after which he had assisted in the build- 
 ing of the telegraph line from Virginia City to Helena. 
 In 1868 he located at Radersburg, Broadwater county, 
 and a short time later moved to Missouri valley, where 
 he pre-empted and homesteaded land. Embarking then 
 in agricultural pursuits, Mr. Hines had a very success- 
 ful career, becoming one of the most prominent and 
 progressive farmers and stock raisers of the county. 
 Disposing of his ranch and stock in 1899, spending 
 the winter in California, he took up his residence in 
 May, 1900, at Townsend, intending to spend his remain- 
 ing days in a pleasant leisure. His many friends, how- 
 ever, frustrated his well-laid plans by re-electing him 
 county commissioner for a second term of six years, 
 he having served his first term -of two years from igo6- 
 1908. 
 
 He is a steadfast Democrat in politics, and both he 
 and his wife are members of the Catholic church. 
 
 Mr. Hines has been twice married. He married 
 first, at Alder Gulch, Anna Jane Howard, who was 
 born in Ireland. She passed to the life beyond, Jan- 
 uary 27, 1908, leaving seven children, namely : Annie, 
 widow of Edward V. Moran, a ranchman of Frorn- 
 berg, Montana ; George Edward, a stock-raiser in 
 

 
 
EESIDENCE OF I\[ARTIN BARRETT, DILLON, MONTANA. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 901 
 
 Alberta, Canada; John Thomas, of Fromberg, assist- 
 ing his sister, Mrs. Moran, in the care of her ranch; 
 Kate, wife of A. B. Timsley, of Rockvale, Montana, 
 a farmer and stockman ; Theresa H., widow of Patrick 
 Croak, of Townsend; Lucy H., wife of John Whaley, 
 of Canton, a rancher and stockman; and Stasia H., wife 
 of W. D. Neild, a well-known ranchman of Townsend. 
 Air. Hines married second, on September 15, 1910, 
 Ellen Cleary, who was born in Ontonagon, Michigan. 
 
 AIartin Barrett. It is no doubt true that Ireland, 
 of all countries of the world, has sent more immigrants 
 in proportion to population to the United States than 
 any other country, and the reason is well known. For 
 hundreds of years the Emerald Isle has been denied 
 many valuable rights and privileges by Great Britain 
 and the pride and honor of the people were ground into 
 the dust. They could avoid this only by leaving the 
 island, much as they loved it, and, accordingly, thou- 
 sands of them, as the years rolled around, have crossed 
 the wide Atlantic to find a home of greater freedom in 
 America. They began to come in large numbers after 
 the Revolution and have continued to come until the 
 present time. In every state they settled and built up 
 comfortable homes. They were among our first teach- 
 ers and business men and today they occupy many of 
 the proudest positions within the gift of the inhabitants. 
 In Erin was born Martin Barrett, one of Dillon’s most 
 honored and honorable citizens, a veritable pioneer, 
 since he has lived in the state since 1863. His occupa- 
 tion is that of a stock-raiser, but he has held many pub- 
 lic offices with great credit, having been state representa- 
 tive, stock commissioner, etc., and no one in Beaverhead 
 county is better or more favorably known. 
 
 County Mayo, Ireland, was the scene of the birth of 
 Martin Barrett and its date was February 2, 1840. He 
 remained in his native country until about the age of 
 seven, when, his father having died a short time pre- 
 viously, his mother removed to Canada, and there young 
 Alartin remained until 1859. Then, a youth of nineteen 
 years, he went to St. Joseph, Alissouri, where for about 
 a twelvemonth he worked at various occupations. In 
 i860 he crossed the plains to Salt Lake City, Utah, and 
 then went back to St. Joseph. In 1861 he went to Colo- 
 rado, where he remained for two years engaged in min- 
 ing and in 1863 he first came to Montana, settling at 
 Horse Prairie, Beaverhead county, and so favorably was 
 he impressed with the opportunities of the section that 
 he has ever since remained here and has won success 
 and general respect. He has followed stock raising ever 
 since his arrival Avithin the borders of the state. He has 
 erected a beautiful home in Dillon, and is now leading 
 a retired life, free to cultivate the finer things of life 
 and the friendships of which he has man}'. 
 
 At an age when most boys are thinking of little be- 
 sides schooling and diversion Air. Barrett had become 
 familiar with honest toil. ■ He earned his first money as 
 a boy of thirteen, cutting and splitting wood at seventy- 
 five cents a cord. In Canada he served an apprentice- 
 ship of five years, learning the tanner and currier's 
 trade, but he never folloAved it. His first entire sum- 
 mer’s occupation was while on a farm in Canada, when 
 he worked six months at four dollars a month and 
 saved the entire twenty-four dollars. Out of this money 
 he bought a spotted pig, of which he made his mother 
 a present, and he stayed at home that winter and Avent 
 to school. 
 
 The subject’s father, Thomas Barrett, Avas born and 
 lived in Ireland all his life, and in that country fol- 
 lowed farming. When less than seven years of age, as 
 before mentioned, his father died. The mother, Avhose 
 maiden name was Nancy AIcDonald, Avas born in Ire- 
 land, and Avhen her husband died she came across the 
 ocean to Canada. Subsequently she removed to Kan- 
 sas, and at Wathena, that state, she passed aAvay at the 
 advanced age of ninety years, being there interred. There 
 
 were nine children in the elder Barrett family and all 
 were boys, the subject being the sixth in order of birth 
 and the only one living at the present time. 
 
 Mr. Barrett has ever given hand and heart to the 
 policies and principles of the Democratic party and Avhile 
 he has held office he is not and never has been what is 
 termed a politician, having no taste for the Avire-pulling 
 Avhich is too often a part of the game of politics. In 
 1879 he Avas sent to represent Beaverhead county in the 
 state legislature and so faithful Avas he to the interests 
 of his constituency that he was returned in 1885. He 
 was stock commissioner for six years and at one time 
 Avas a member of the school board. An amusing cir- 
 cumstance occurred in this connection. Airs. Barrett be- 
 ing nominated for the same office and running against 
 him and that successfully, for she beat him. She Avas 
 school trustee for tAventy-tAvo years and ga\-e most in- 
 telligent and faithful service to the cause she repre- 
 sented. 
 
 Air. Barrett laid the foundation of a happy and con- 
 genial life companionship by his union on August 6, 
 1867, at Red Rock, Alontana, to Alice E. Cook, daughter 
 of Captain Hiram and Alary E. CVining) Cook, of 
 Michigan. Airs. Barrett’s father Avas born in the state 
 of New York and Avas by occupation a carpenter and 
 contractor. He serA'ed in the Civil Avar, enlisting in 
 Company H, of the TAventy-fifth Alichigan Infantry, and 
 he Avas commissioned captain at the start. In 1867 he 
 came to Alontana, settling in Boulder, and there he Avas 
 called to the Great Beyond at the age of seventy-three 
 years. The mother Avas also a native of the Empire 
 state and their marriage Avas celebrated in Ohio. Their 
 union, Avhich was a Avonderfully happy and devoted one, 
 Avas of fifty-tAvo years’ duration. The mother died in 
 Boulder when seventy-seven and these good people are 
 not parted in death, for they lie side by side. Airs. 
 Barrett has three sisters and a brother, as folloAvs : Airs. 
 Alar}' Jeffries resides in Hamilton, Alontana, as does 
 Airs. E. AI. Pollinger. Airs. Katie Evans makes her 
 home at Como, and the brother, Frank Cook, is mar- 
 ried and a citizen of Como. 
 
 Airs. Barrett is a Avoman endoAved Avith many good 
 gifts of mind and heart, of the type Avhich Alontana 
 recognizes as the flower of its Avomanhood. All good 
 causes have her support and in this case “support” is by 
 no means nominal or a mere rhetorical expression, for 
 her forcefulness and character are remarkable. Through- 
 out his career Air. Barrett has consulted her on all mat- 
 ters of importance and ahvays found her counsel calm 
 and wise. Throughout all Beaverhead county they are 
 held in high honor and esteem. They are zealous com- 
 municants of the Catholic church and the subject is a 
 member of the Society of Alontana Pioneers. 
 
 WiLLi.AM T. AIorroav. Although William T. Alor- 
 roAV has been a resident of the Avestern states for many 
 years and has seen much of the pioneer conditions and 
 primitive life of the country in the early days, his 
 life has been all serenity and calm when compared 
 Avith the strenuous days of bis father in the sixties 
 and even later. Air. AlorroAv is the son of Alalcolm 
 and Janet (Alatheson) AlorroAV, the former born in 
 Ontario, Canada, and the latter a native of GlasgOAv, 
 Scotland. In the year 1857, Alalcolm AIorroAv removed 
 from Canada into the states, first locating in loAva, 
 near the tOAvn of Alarengo. He Avas a cooper by trade 
 and folloAved that business in his loAva home until the 
 spring of i860, Avhen the same restless spirit Avhich had 
 prompted his removal from the quietude of Canadian 
 life into the busier life of the states, sent him to Pike’s 
 Peak, Colorado, where he engaged in the mining busi- 
 ness. He purchased some mining property in the Dele- 
 Avare Flats, continuing there for about a year, Avhen, 
 his efforts not being rcAvarded Avith a sufficient degree 
 of success, he moved to Black HaAvk Point, Colorado 
 and settled near the famous Gregory and Bob Tail 
 
902 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 quartz mines, there engaging in ranching. He re- 
 mained thus occupied until the summer of 1863, when 
 he removed to a point fifteen miles south of Denver, 
 on Plum creek, where he established his family, and 
 made preparations to move on to Montana alone. He 
 started out with a yoke of oxen and a covered wagon, 
 arriving in Virginia City in November, 1863. There 
 he engaged in mining at Bevins Gulch, where he was 
 fortunate in securing a good claim. He found a part- 
 ner, named Kennedy, and the two lived in the wagon 
 all winter and worked the claim on shares. In the 
 springtime, when Air. Morrow returned to Denver to 
 get his family, Mr. Kennedy took advantage of his 
 absence and the la.x business methods there prevail- 
 ing and sold the claim, taking the wise precaution of 
 leaving the country. When Mr. Morrow returned to 
 Bevins Gulch he had no claim, and his one-time part- 
 ner had the money for the property. This was a most 
 unfortunate circumstance, as the claim later developed 
 a valuable mine. While in the Gulch Mr. Morrow 
 formed many accjuaintances from which lasting friend- 
 ships were evolved, and he had many thrilling experi- 
 ences which were common to all who in those days had 
 sufficient hardihood to brave the possible and almost 
 certain adventures of the life in a mining camp. Road 
 agents were common, and every man was prepared 
 to ])rotect his life and property at all cost. On one 
 occasion Mr. Morrow welcomed to his camp one Holter 
 who had been shot by George Ives, one of the greatest 
 desparadoes of the country. Mr. Holter and Mr. Mor- 
 row became fast friends, and later they assisted the 
 vigilantes to hang Ives, who was so unfortunate as to 
 fall into their hands. Mr. Morrow assisted in the 
 capture and execution of Slaide and Buck Stimson, 
 two road agents who made life uncomfortable for 
 honest men in Montana for many months before they 
 were finally captured and brought to justice. On his 
 trip from Virginia City to Denver, where his family 
 was located, Mr. Morrow acted as one of the escort, the 
 other two being John Featherstone and X. Biedler, of 
 “Billy” Kiskadden, and who was taking back to Colo- 
 rado a great quantity of gold, all a large mule could 
 carry. They traveled by night to avoid highwaymen 
 and skulking Indians, and they reached Denver in 
 safctv on May i. 1864, having started on the trip in 
 March. 
 
 Returning with his family, Mr. Morrow arrived at 
 California Gulch, three miles east of Alder Gulch, on 
 July 4, 1864; they made the trip hy ox team and drove 
 a herd of forty-one head of cattle. The journey was 
 attended by many hardships and perils, and they crossed 
 streams so swollen that the animals with difficulty were 
 able to swim across. While en route, Martin Holter, 
 a brother of A. M. Holter • of Helena, overtook the 
 party on the road with his horse teams and passed 
 the Morrows, who were en route to Alder Gulch. At 
 California Gulch, where they settled, Mr. Morrow sold 
 dairy products to the residents of Virginia City and 
 despite the high prices paid for food stuffs, a sack 
 of flour bringing $150, and other groceries in pro- 
 portion, as the result of the Civil war, Mr. Morrow 
 was able to maintain bis family in comfort. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1865, Mr. Morrow returned to Lost Chance 
 Gulch and became engaged in dairy farming three 
 miles south of Helena, and there he continued to 
 farm until the fall of 1865, when he moved down to 
 Prickly Pear valley and remained there till the spring 
 of 1867. Mr. Morrow freighted from Salt Lake to 
 Helena and from Benton to Helena, assisted by his 
 sons, Dave and Malcom, William remaining at home to 
 attend to the dairying on the old Bob Hereford ranch 
 on Big Prickly Pear valley. The freighting business 
 between Helena and Benton was conducted via Med- 
 icine Rock and Lyons Hill, both extremely difficult 
 mountains to cross before the toll road was built through 
 the Prickly Pear canyon. In 1878 Mr. Morrow estab- 
 lished a permanent residence in Fort Benton, where 
 
 he was living at the time of his death, -which occurred 
 in May, 1891. In addition to his farming and freight- 
 ing business, Mr. Morrow conducted a ferrying busi- 
 ness on the Missouri river at Fort Benton, and 
 altogether vvas a busy man all the days of his life. He 
 was a typical pioneer, and one of the men who have 
 npde the recent years of progress in the West pos- 
 sible to the men who came after them. He was fear- 
 less to a fault, and no duty was too severe or no 
 hardship too difficult for him to undertake and bring 
 to completion. For years he was an officer of promi- 
 nence in the vigilante committee of his locality. Thomas 
 Baum, also an officer, in fact captain of the vigilance 
 committee, together with Mr. Morrow, at one time 
 entered a darkened cabin in Virginia City and arrested 
 a desperado who had sought shelter there with five 
 companions. In order to secure their man it was 
 necessary to run the gauntlet of the guns of the other 
 five, but by a strategic ruse they succeeded in covering 
 the entire party and carrying off their man without 
 injury to themselves. 
 
 Of the fourteen children born to Malcolm and Janet 
 Morrow, ten came to Montana and eight are now living. 
 William T., the subject of this review, was born in 
 Ontario, near Kingston, on October 26, 1854. He was 
 yet a small child when his parents removed to this 
 country, and he received his principal book-learning 
 at Black Plawk Point, Colorado, up to the age of ten 
 years. After that he was associated with his father in 
 the dairy business until about 1878, at which time his 
 father gave him an interest in the business, and since 
 that time he has been continuously engaged in the 
 cattle business in this section of the country. He has 
 with the passing years made steady and consistent 
 progress in his business, and is today ranked among 
 the leading cattle-men of the state. He is the owner 
 of a thousand acres of ranch land, to which he holds 
 the title deeds, and holds the leases to several thou- 
 sand additional acres which he utilizes in his business. 
 
 The children of Mr. Morrow’s first marriage are ; 
 Mrs. Robert Coburn, deceased; Malcolm, Jr.; William 
 T.; David; Mrs. John H. Green; Airs. C. W. Fields 
 of Fort Benton; Mrs. Mort Strong of Sun River, 
 deceased; Mrs. Frank Leedy of Helena; Laura; Airs. 
 James .Adams, of Sun River, and Airs. James Scott 
 of Charleston, Washington. By a second marriage 
 Air. Morrow became the father of two sons, and they 
 yet survive him. His first wife, the mother of the 
 subject, died in Helena, Alontana, in June. 1878. 
 
 On January 23, 1884, William T. Alorrow married 
 Aliss Marv Elizabeth Bach, niece of Airs. Charles Lee- 
 man of Helena, and the sister of George Bach, who 
 died at Fort Benton on December 23, 1889, at the early 
 age of twenty-six years. Four children were born 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Alorrow, three sons and one daughter. 
 They are : William G., Charles W., Harry R. and 
 
 Mary Elizabeth, all of whom were born at Fort Benton. 
 
 Mr. Alorrow is a member of the Odd Fellows and 
 the family are members of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 James Henry Gallop. It did not require the heroism 
 of that noble band of men on the deck of the sinking 
 Titanic to prove that personal courage belongs to the 
 American man, for the annals of such states as Mon- 
 tana, tell true tales of wonderful self-sacrifices, of re- 
 markable daring and of quiet bravery in the face of 
 danger. There are those still living whose lives have 
 been, as it were, miraculously preserved, many times 
 having been placed in jeopardy and on not a few 
 occasions, to shield the helpless. Among the retired 
 and honored citizens of Bozeman, Alontana, is Hon. 
 James Henry Gallop, whose experiences through years 
 of adventurous life might prove all that has been said. 
 Mr. Gallop was born at Scipio, New York, February 
 10, 1834, and is a son of Jonah and Hannah (Frye) 
 Gallop, who came of English ancestry. 
 
 In 1839 the Gallop family settled in Michigan, and 
 
p. 
 
 Li ; 
 
 •S' 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 903 
 
 James Henry remained on the homestead until the 
 death of his’ mother, in 1852, when he started out to 
 work at the carpenter trade, with which he was already 
 familiar. In traveling over Michigan, Illinois and 
 Indiana, he found a demand for bridge-builders and as 
 he was skilled in that branch of his trade, as in others, 
 he was kept very busy and was reasonably contented 
 until 1862, when he determined to go to Montana, 
 although in those days this was a great undertaking. 
 From New York he sailed for the Isthmus of Panama, 
 where, at present, he . would probably find trouble in 
 locating land-marks, and by this route reached San 
 Francisco. The next move was to Portland, Oregon, 
 from there he went up the mighty Columbia to Fort 
 Wallula, then crossed the country to Walla Walla. 
 At that point, in partnership with Arid Chidester, he 
 bought a pack of ponies and they started for Florence. 
 Air. Gallop relates how they reached the Alountain 
 House, but from there, for sixteen miles, the partners 
 had to pack on their own backs. They proved it pos- 
 sible to get through with goods and Air. Gallop saw 
 this as an excellent business opportunity, which he 
 took advantage of and it was not long before he had 
 accumulated several hundred dollars, with an income 
 sometimes of forty dollars a day. This money he in- 
 vested in prospecting in and around Florence and later 
 joined the Buffalo Hump stampede, and before he re- 
 turned he passed through the Ross Hole, the Big Hole 
 and the Bitter Root country, going on down the river 
 to Fort Owen, and finally reached Elk City, later 
 returning to Florence. It was in October of that year 
 that Air. Gallop was stopped by- a road agent, Pete 
 Riggs, and seriously wounded by a man who was later 
 identified and was finally^ executed for other crimes. 
 
 On account of the severity of his wound. Air. Gallop 
 was unable to work during the following winter and 
 spent the same with friends in Oregon, but in the spring 
 and summer he tried mining on Clearwater river, which 
 he continued in the next summer, Oregon being chosen 
 for his winter home. He then became interested with 
 John T. Silverwood and A. B. Chidester in the pur- 
 chase of the Montana House, which was conveniently 
 located within a few miles of Clearwater bridge, and 
 in the following spring Air. Gallop sold his interest in 
 the property for $1,200 and went into the cattle busi- 
 ness. In Alarch following he bought forty-five head 
 of cattle, mainly cows, locating at Magpie, Alontana, 
 where he pre-empted 160 acres of land and engaged 
 in stock-raising. With this business settlement the 
 greater part of his really adventurous life closed, but 
 the records of several years were replete with hard- 
 ships and dangers that only a brave man could go 
 through and still continue to face possible other losses 
 of fortune and dangers of all kinds. For ten years, up 
 to 1876, he remained in the neighborhood of Alagpie, 
 raising cattle and buying and selling produce, and in 
 1870 opened a store at Gallatin. He had not been 
 trained, however, along mercantile lines and finding the 
 venture not remunerative, in 1873 disposed of it. 
 
 In 1876 Mr. Gallop sought and found a desirable 
 ranch on which he determined to establish a permanent 
 residence, its situation being twenty-six miles north- 
 west of Bozeman, and in April he settled there, home- 
 steading 160 acres, taking up a desert claim of 200 
 acres and purchasing a one-half section of railroad 
 land, still retaining at that time his pre-emption at Alag- 
 pie. Farming and stock-raising were his industries. His 
 Durham cattle and his Norman horses becoming noted 
 all over the state. In 1910 Mr. Gallop retired to 
 Bozeman, selling his first ranch, Alarch i. 1910, for 
 $36,000. The neighborhood and district adjoining his 
 second ranch was named Gallop, in his honor, and for 
 fifteen years he served as its postmaster. This ranch 
 he sold in December, 1911, for $21,600. 
 
 On Julv 6, 1873. Air. Gallop was married at Fort Ben- 
 ton to Mrs. Rachel C. Hutchinson, who was born in 
 A'lichigan, and is a daughter of Nathan Chidester. By 
 
 her first marriage she had one son, Frank N., who was 
 born at Converse, Michigan, July i, 1866, and died in 
 Alontana, January 7, 1901. He had been associated in 
 business with Air. Gallop, who regarded him with a 
 father’s aft'ection. 
 
 In his political views Air. Gallop is nominally a 
 Republican, but in 1898 there was a Silver Republican 
 ticket, on which he ran for county commissioner, but 
 the ticket was defeated at the polls. Air. Gallop served 
 one term as justice of the peace and other offices were 
 at his disposal for many years, but his business in- 
 terests were too absorbing to give him time to serve 
 in many positions otherwise than stated. He has been 
 a very active member of Pythagoras Lodge, No. 2, 
 Knights of Pythias, and during his twenty-four years 
 of membership has served in all the offices and on sev- 
 eral occasions has been state delegate to the Alontana 
 Grand Lodge. In 1895 Air. Gallop was elected presi- 
 dent of the Pioneers’ Society of Gallatin county, Alon- 
 tana. He is interested in a number of successful busi- 
 ness enterprises at Bozeman and keeps in touch with 
 all movements that increase the city’s prosperity, often 
 advising and directing, being qualified through his 
 wealth of experience. He is a representative man of 
 Gallatin county. 
 
 Anton AI. Holter. In all that has been suffered 
 and all that has been wrought in connection with the 
 development and progress of the great state of Alon- 
 tana nope has played a more worthy part or marked 
 the vanishing years with greater accomplishment than 
 has Hon. Anton AI. Holter, one of the best known and 
 most highly honored pioneer citizens of Helena and 
 for many years past one of the representative business 
 men of the capital city. Virtually half a century rep- 
 resents the period of Air. Holter’s residence in Alon- 
 tana, and this period practically compasses the entire 
 history of this commonwealth, both as a territory and 
 a state. Here he came when civilization was strug- 
 gling to gain a foothold on the frontier; here he was 
 a veritable pioneer of pioneers ; here his constructive 
 ability and indomitable energy early became potent in 
 results; and here it has been his to achieve large and 
 substantial success, together with the gaining of the 
 most impregnable vantage place in popular confidence 
 and esteem. In the most significant sense the archi- 
 tect of his own fortunes. Air. Holter, now venerable in 
 years, has stood as one of the strongest and noblest 
 of the Scandinavian element of citizenship that has 
 wielded wonderful influence in the development and 
 upbuilding of the great empire of the west. His ex- 
 periences in connection with frontier life were many 
 and varied, as may well be inferred, and he was one 
 of the leaders in the march of civic and industrial 
 development and progress in Alontana, where he has 
 overcome seemingly insuperable obstacles, where he 
 has endured many hardships, vicissitudes and reverses, 
 and where his courage and persistence finally won to 
 him a most gracious independence and prosperity. He 
 is a man of broad mental grasp, of well fortified 
 opinions and has been influential in public aft'airs as 
 well as those of industrial and commercial order. Air. 
 Holter is to be considered distinctively as one of the 
 founders and builders of Alontana, even as he yet 
 continues to be one of its most liberal and public- 
 spirited citizens. He was one of those who had pre- 
 science of the future greatness of the state, and he was 
 foremost in the promoting of gigantic and important 
 enterprises- that have made possible the consecutive 
 development of this favored commonwealth. Scarcely 
 any project advanced for the general good of the 
 territory or the state has failed to find in him a strong 
 and vigorous promoter and supporter, and for all time 
 his name shall merit a place of distinction in the 
 history of Alontana, where he has long lived and labored 
 to goodly ends and where his circle of friends is 
 coincident with that of his acquaintances. His remi- 
 
904 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 niscences of the early days are most graphic and in- 
 teresting and the same merit collation and publica- 
 tion, the province of the one at hand being such as to 
 permit only the briefest outline of his career. A most 
 interesting brochure was recently issued by the Timber- 
 man, a lumber paper published at Portland, Oregon, 
 the text of which was an article prepared by Mr. 
 Holter and entitled “Pioneer Lumbering in Montana.” 
 In this pamphlet he gives a most interesting account 
 of many of his experiences in the pioneer days of 
 Montana, — a record which it is possible for him to 
 amplify indefinitely, in the production of equally valu- 
 able historic data. 
 
 Anton M. Holter was born in the little seaport town 
 of Moss, on a fjord thirty-two miles south of Chris- 
 tiania, Norway, and the date of his nativity was June 
 29, 1831. He is a son of Foin and Berta M. (Floxstad) 
 Holter. 
 
 Ambitious and self-reliant, of alert mentality and 
 vigorous physical powers, Mr. Flolter finally determined 
 to seek his fortunes in America, to which country a 
 tide of immigration was setting in from the Norseland 
 countries, with the result that he had learned much 
 concerning opportunities afforded in the New World. 
 Fie matured his plans, and on the 8th of April, 1854, 
 about two months prior to his twenty-third birthday 
 anniversary, Mr. Holter, in company with others of 
 his countrymen, set sail for Quebec. They arrived in 
 the .Canadian city on the 25th of the following month. 
 They thence set forth by railroad for the United 
 States, and this was Mr. Holter’s first experience in 
 railway traveling, — an experience which proved most 
 disconcerting and sorrowful, since in an accident to the 
 train five members of his party were killed, while others 
 were severely injured. Upon arriving at Rock Island, 
 Illinois, it was reported that some of the immigrants 
 has suffered attacks of cholera, and the quarantine 
 officers forthwith were on the alert, besides which none 
 of the immigrants could gain accommodations in any 
 of the hotels or lodging houses. Mr. Holter, de- 
 termined not to be detained and scarcely knowing 
 what was the difficulty, as he had no knowledge of 
 English, seized his trunk and forced his way through 
 the quarantine ranks to a boat on which he embarked, 
 without any idea as to the destination of the vessel. 
 He proceeded up the Mississippi on this boat and finally 
 made his way to Freeport, near Decorah, Iowa, where 
 he joined one of his boyhood friends and where he 
 soon found employment at his trade. He received for 
 his services twenty dollars a month, twice the amount 
 given him for a whole year’s labor in his native land, 
 and the young immigrant accordingly gained renewed 
 faith in the tales he had heard concerning the wonderful 
 opportunities in America. His initiative faculty did not 
 long remain in abeyance, and he carefully saved his 
 earnings and began to speculate in town lots, upon a 
 modest scale, with the result that at the end of the 
 year he had accumulated property valued at three 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 Mr. Holter passed the winter of 1855-6 in working 
 at his trade in the city of St. Louis, Missouri, and in 
 assisting in construction work on the line of the Mis- 
 souri Pacific Railroad, which was being extended to 
 Jefferson City, that state. In the meanwhile he had 
 passed some time in the state of Iowa, and returning 
 to that state, he passed the major part of the ensuing 
 four years at Osage, the judicial center of Mitchell 
 county, so that he was thus identified for a time with 
 the pioneer activities of the Hawkeye state. Within 
 the period mentioned he made several trips into the 
 Sioux Indian country in western Iowa and Missouri, 
 and on one of these expeditions he was among the first 
 to arrive on the scene of the historic Spirit Lake 
 massacre. 
 
 In the spring of i860, Mr. Holter joined the hegira 
 to the newly discovered gold fields in the Pike’s Peak 
 district of Colorado, to which territory adventurous 
 
 gold-seekers had been flocking in large numbers within 
 the preceding year. In Colorado he was joined by his 
 Martin M., and they were- fairly successful in 
 their mining' and fanning operations. Concernino" his 
 initial identification with Montana Mr. Holter himself 
 has given the following account, which is well worthy 
 of reproduction, and in the connection it will be re- 
 called that during his sojourn in Colorado the present 
 state was known as Jefferson Territory. His state- 
 appearing in his article on pioneer lumbering 
 111 Montana, are as follows : **After three years’ resi- 
 
 dence at Pike’s Peak I returned to my former home in 
 Iowa, and in the spring of 1863 started, with a team 
 of oxen, back to Colorado, where I stopped about six 
 weeks. During this time a company of two hundred 
 men was organized to go to what was then called 
 Stinking Water, Idaho, but what is now known as 
 Ruby River, in Madison county, Montana. This com- 
 pany left Colorado on September 16, 1863. It was well 
 organized, having a captain and other officers, and was 
 governed by a formal set of rules and regulations. 
 The weather was pleasant and the food for the stock 
 was excellent. Flunting and fishing were especially 
 Hie, too much so, in fact, for so much time was spent 
 in sport that we made slow progress, and finally a Mr. 
 Eyenson, with whom I had formed a partnership and 
 with whom I afterward did business under the firm 
 name of Holter & Evenson, and myself became fearful 
 that we would be unable to reach our destination before 
 winter, and we decided it was best for us to leave the 
 train and strike out for ourselves at a greater rate of 
 speed. We had purchased a second-hand saw-mill out- 
 fit, intending to go into the lumbering business on reach- 
 ing our destination. There were yet at least a thousand 
 miles to cover, so one morning we yoked up our oxen 
 and struck out alone. During the night a few more 
 teams overtook us, and every night thereafter other 
 teams ^ caught up with us, until we were about forty 
 souls in all. We had some heavy snow storms during 
 November, but finally reached Bevin’s Gulch, our tem- 
 porary destination, about eighteen miles from Virginia 
 City, Montana. The remainder of the company, how- 
 ever, got snowed in, and, so far as I ever learned, 
 never reached Montana. 
 
 “Mr. Evenson and I finally selected a location for 
 our saw mill, and after considerable hardship we 
 reached the top of the divide between Bevin’s and 
 Ramshorn gulches, on December 7th. There we went 
 into temporary camp, with no shelter beyond that 
 afforded by a large spruce tree. As the snow was 
 getting deep and there was no feed for stock, I started 
 the next morning for Virginia City, — eighteen miles 
 distant, — with the cattle, hoping to sell them. Finding- 
 no buyer,_ I started to take them out to the ranch of 
 an acquaintance, twenty-five miles down the Stinking- 
 Water. On the way I was held up and robbed by the 
 notorious George Ives and his companion, Irvin. After 
 I had complied with Mr. Ives’ command to hand him 
 my purse I was ordered to drive on. He still held his 
 revolver in his hand, which looked suspicious to me, 
 so, in speaking to my team I quickly turned my head 
 and found that he had his revolver leveled on me, taking 
 sight at my head. Instantly I dodged as the shot went, 
 and I received the full force of the unexploded powder 
 in my face, the bullet passing through my hat and 
 hair. It stunned me for an_ instant, and I staggered 
 against the near leader, accidentally getting my arm 
 over his neck, which prevented me from falling. Al- 
 most at once I regained my senses and faced Ives, who 
 had his pistol lowered, but who raised it with a jerk, 
 pointing at my breast. I heard the click of the ham- 
 mer, but the gun missed fire. I ran around the oxen, 
 which became very much excited, and my coming in a 
 rush on the other side scared them still more, and they 
 rushed against Ives’ horse, which in turn got into a 
 tangle v/ith Irvin’s horse, and during the confusion I 
 struck out for some beaver dams which I noticed close 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 905 
 
 by, but the men soon got control of their horses, and, 
 to my agreeable surprise, they started off in the oppo- 
 site direction. What had apparently changed their pur- 
 pose was the sight which now met my eyes also, that 
 of a man who had just appeared over the hill and who 
 was driving a horse team, with which he had approached 
 to a point near us. I learned afterward that Ives and 
 Irvin had stopped at Laurin, about two miles from the 
 point where they overtook me, and that Ives had fired 
 five shots at the bottles on the shelves because the bar- 
 tender refused them whiskey, this accounting for the 
 fact that only one charge was left in his revolver when 
 he attacked me. At the camp, the next day, Mr. Even- 
 son disfigured my face badly in extracting the powder. 
 So, with my face bandaged up, in the cold and the 
 snow, we managed to build a brush road on grade 
 around a steep mountain to our mill location on the 
 creek. We made a hand-sled with cross-beams extend- 
 ing outside the runners far enough so that when neces- 
 sary we were able to nip it along with handspikes on 
 each side. With this hand-sled we removed our outfit 
 to the creek, and we did all the logging this way during 
 the entire winter. We first built a cabin and a black- 
 smith shop, but the latter soon became more of a ma- 
 chine shop, for when we came to erect the saw mill 
 we met with what seemed insurmountable difficulties. 
 As I knew nothing about a saw mill I had left the pur- 
 chase of the outfit to Mr. Evenson, who claimed to be 
 a millwright by profession, but it developed that he 
 had either been very careless in inspecting this machin- 
 ery or that he had not understood it, for so much of it 
 was missing that it seemed impossible to get a working- 
 mill out of the material at hand. As there was no 
 foundry or machine shop in this part of the country, 
 we were at a loss to know what to do, but were deter- 
 mined to erect a saw mill of some kind, so out of our 
 rubber coats and whip-sawed lumber we made a black- 
 smith bellows, then we burned a pit of charcoal, while 
 a broad axe driven into a stump served as an anvil. 
 Mr. Evenson knew a little about blacksmithing, so I 
 began to feel somewhat at ease, but soon discovered 
 what seemed to be the worst obstacle yet. This was 
 that we had no gearing for the log carriage, not even 
 the track irons or pinion, and to devise some mechan- 
 ism that would give the carriage the forward and re- 
 verse movement became the paramount problem. After 
 a great deal of thought and experimenting we finally- 
 succeeded in inventing a device which years later was 
 patented and widely used under the name of the “rope 
 feed.’’ Incidentally I may say that we found this to 
 be such an excellent appliance that we later used it in 
 most of our portable mills, and I have been informed 
 that several manufacturers used and recommended this, 
 charging an additional three hundred dollars for it on 
 small mills. 
 
 “However, returning to the point, in order to con- 
 struct this we had first to build a turning lathe, and 
 when we began to turn iron shafting it took much ex- 
 perimenting before we learned to temper the chisels so 
 that they would stand the cutting of iron. To turn the 
 shafting, which we made out of iron wagon-axles. Even- 
 son would hold the chisel and I. with a rawhide strap, 
 wrapped around the shafting, taking hold with a hand 
 on each end of the strap, would give a steady, hard 
 pull with the right hand until the left touched the piece 
 we were working on, then reverse, repeating the process 
 until the work was finished. These were strenuous 
 days, and we worked early and late in the face of most 
 discouraging circumstances. We manufactured enough 
 timber for the sixteen-foot overshot waterwheel, the 
 flume, etc. As we were short of belting, we made it 
 out of untanned ox-hide, and it worked well enough in 
 the start. We finally got the mill started, and we 
 sawed about five thousand feet of lumber before we had 
 a beast of burden in the camp.” 
 
 The foregoing account of Mr. Holter's determined 
 efforts in the development of the industrial enterprise. 
 
 of which he was one of the first representatives in Mon- 
 tana is given reproduction simply to indicate the ad- 
 verse circumstances and conditions which he had to 
 face. It would be impossible to enter into full details 
 concerning his subsequent operations along this line, 
 but it may be said that his progress was marked by 
 many difficulties and exactions, against which he held 
 himself imperturbed to as great an extent as possible. 
 Competition was aggressive and insolent, miners di- 
 verted the water demanded for the operation of the 
 original mill, and one difficulty after another had to be 
 adjusted. Needing more machinery for the second sea- 
 son of mill operations, Mr. Evenson proceeded to Den- 
 ver to obtain the equipment, but learning of the fabulous 
 prices that were being paid for flour, nails, and other 
 supplies, he invested the money in such commodities in- 
 stead of buying the requisite machinery. On the return 
 trip he encountered heavy storm and lost not onR an 
 appreciable portion of his freight, but also a number of 
 his teams. The goods which he succeeded in bringing 
 through to Montana were sold at a high price, but the 
 venture as a whole proved unprofitable in a financial 
 way. 
 
 Concerning the progressive policies which were fol- 
 lowed by Mr. Holter and which brought about his use 
 of more modern appliances in his lumber business it is 
 unnecessary to speak in detail, but it should be noted 
 that it was due to him that the first planing mill was 
 established in Montana, and that his operations were 
 extended to cover virtually all of the principal mining 
 camps in the territory. Other mills were established, 
 with team power,_ lumber prices became depressed, and 
 partnership relations proved unsatisfactory, with the 
 result that Mr. Holter finally purchased Mr. Evenson’s 
 interest in the business which they controlled, and 
 formed a partnership with his brother, Martin Holter, 
 under the firm name of A. M. Holter & Brother. By 
 the two brothers the first planing mill in Montana was 
 established in the summer of 1865, and the same was 
 operated in conjunction with the saw mill which they 
 had established on Ten Mile creek, about eight miles 
 distant from Helena. The firm maintained headquarters 
 both at Virginia City and Helena. In speaking of con- 
 ditions of the lumber business, Mr. Holter has written 
 the following succinct statement, touching matters after 
 he had made a trip to the east for the purpose of pur- 
 chasing new machinery : 
 
 “I arrived in Helena on the 17th of May and found 
 the lumber business in a bad way. The firm of A. M. 
 Holter & Brother had closed the mill with the first snow 
 storm in the fall and had sent all the live stock to win- 
 ter quarters, so in a short time they were out of lumber 
 and also out of business. My first move was to hurry 
 the men after live stock and to prepare to start the mill. 
 Shortly after I had left Helena in 1866 the cutting of 
 prices began, and from this time on the custom of sell- 
 ing for what you could get prevailed. The prices ob- 
 tained by A. M. Holter & Brother for the year 1867 
 and up to August, 1868, averaged about fifty dollars 
 for common lumber and sixty dollars per thousand feet 
 for sluice, flume, and the better grades, but during the 
 month of August we reduced these prices ten dollars 
 per thousand, without consultation with other dealers. 
 We had reduced the price of planing-mill work _ to 
 twenty-five and twenty dollars per thousand, according 
 to quantity and ten dollars for surfacing. Shingles sold 
 for six dollars and lath for twelve dollars. We main- 
 tained the prices on the last three items, as we had no 
 competition on these. I finally got the mill started and 
 also erected a new mill on Spring creek. Several more 
 mills sprang up in the vicinity of Helena, mostly oper- 
 ated by inexperienced men, on borrowed capital, at a 
 high rate of interest, so they soon came to grief. I 
 bought up some of these saw mills in 1868 and 1869. 
 We also added to our holdings a water mill near Jeffer- 
 san City, in Jefferson county, and a portable steam mill 
 
906 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 that we located near Lincoln, in what is now Lewis 
 and Clark county.” 
 
 In 1868 Mr. Holter and his brother established, in 
 Helena, the fir.st sash and door factory in Montana, and 
 the plant was operated by them until October, 1879, 
 when it was destroyed by fire. Mr. Holter continued 
 one of the foremost figures in the lumber industry for 
 many years, and was the pioneer in establishing a lum- 
 ber business at Great Falls, in 1886, where operations 
 still continue. In 1889 Mr. Holter became associated 
 with William Thompson in the organization of the Mon- 
 tana Lumber & Manufacturing Company, operating in 
 the western part of the new state,, with main offices in 
 Idelena and Butte. Later he was actively identified, with 
 lumbering operations in Idaho, Oregon, and Alaska, 
 and no one has stood so clearly as an authority in this 
 field of enterprise in Montana as this venerable and 
 honored citizen of Helena. In 1867 he became asso- 
 ciated with his brother in the establishing of a general- 
 merchandise business at Helena, and the same was 
 finally changed into a general hardware business, which 
 is now conducted under the title of the A. M. Holter 
 Hardware Company and which is one of the most im- 
 portant and extensive enterprises of the kind in the 
 entire northwest, the trade being both wholesale and 
 retail. 
 
 The progressive ideas and liberality of Mr. Holter 
 have been manifested along many lines, and he is one 
 of those who have done much to further the develop- 
 ment -and upbuilding of the state that has long repre- 
 sented his home. In 1890 he with others made applica- 
 tion for the use of the waters of the Missouri river 
 near Helena for power purposes and had a bill enacted 
 by congress permitting a dam to be erected across the 
 river. This was the start of hydro-electric development 
 in Montana. Mr. Llolter was also one of the organizers 
 and incorporators of the company that established the 
 first water-works system in Montana, this having been 
 the Virginia City Water Works Company, which was 
 incorporated in January, 1865. The installation of the 
 system was attended with great difficulties, owing to 
 the meager facilities available. Water was to be carried 
 a distance of two miles, and the pipe were made of logs 
 through which a three-inch hole was bored by means 
 of an augur that was made by hand in a local blacksmith 
 shop. These primitive conduits were fitted into each 
 other by the tapering of one end into the proper aper- 
 ture in the next log, and an iron band was placed about 
 the outside log to prevent the bursting. These bands 
 in many instances had previously done service as wagon 
 hubs on vehicles that had been brought across the plains, 
 and the faucets and valves were made by hand. Mr. 
 Holter’s natural mechanical genius came into efifective 
 play in this connection at many times when the prob- 
 lem of construction and service seemed impossible of 
 practical solution. 
 
 In 1875 Mr. Holter and his brother bought from Fred- 
 erick Utsch, a German inventor, the rights to manu- 
 facture what was known as the Utsch Jig, a machine 
 for concentrating ore. This was the first jigging ma- 
 chine ever worked successfully in the mining business 
 and was probably the most valuable and effective, in 
 promoting the mining industry ever introduced in the 
 northwest and first used successfully at the Bunker Hill 
 Sullivan mine, Wardner, Idaho. In 1898 he was actively 
 concerned in the organization of the Sand Point Lum- 
 ber Company, at Sand Point, Idaho, the same being now 
 known as the Hambird Lumber Company. In a general 
 way the following characterization made by one familiar 
 with the career of Mr. Holter is of special significance, 
 by reason of its absolute consistency : “He is one of 
 those rugged, indomitable* spirits to whom the com- 
 ing generation inhabiting the northwest, and especially 
 Montana, will owe in a large degree the magnificent 
 heritage that awaits them.” Further than this it may 
 be said that Mr. Holter is a man of distinctive culture 
 and one deeply appreciative of the finer ideals and more 
 
 gracious social amenities of life, and that his broad 
 mentality and fine constructive and administrative pow- 
 ers have been exercised most effectively in positions of 
 distinctive public trust. 
 
 Admirably fortified in his political convictions, Mr. 
 Holter has been a consistent and resolute advocate of 
 the principles and policies of the Republican party, and 
 his faith has not wavered in the face of recent party 
 reverses. He had the distinction of being the first Re- 
 publican ever elected to office in the city of Flelena. In 
 1878 he was elected a member of the territorial legis- 
 lature, and in 1888 he was elected a member of the city 
 council of Helena, of which municipal body he was 
 chosen president. In 18S9 he was elected a member of 
 the house of representatives of the new state, and he 
 had much to do with shaping the fundamental policies 
 and laws of the commonwealth which has honored 
 and been honored by him. He has served as president 
 of the Helena board of trade and has been identified 
 with eyery progressive movement for the benefit of 
 the capital city. He was one of those primarily instru- 
 mental in securing to Flelena its present fine high school 
 building. Fie erected the Holter block, in which his 
 hardware business is conducted, and also his attractive 
 residence, on North Benton avenue — a home known for 
 its gracious and unostentatious hospitality. He retains 
 a deep interest in all that touches the welfare and his- 
 tory of his home city and state and is one of the active 
 and valued members of the Montana Pioneer Society, 
 of which he has served as president. He is affiliated 
 with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has received 
 the_ chivalric degrees in the Helena commandery of 
 Knights Templars, and his religious views are in har- 
 mony with the tenets of the Lutheran church, in whose 
 faith he was reared, Mrs. Flolter being a communicant 
 of the Protestant Episcopal church. 
 
 At present, in his eighty-second year, he is strong 
 mentally and physically. In addition to his own busi- 
 ness affairs he finds time to attend to work pertaining 
 to the public good. He and a few other admirers of 
 the late Wilbur Fisk Sanders met a few years ago and 
 decided to place in the State Capitol building a statue 
 to perpetuate his memory. Mr. Holter was elected 
 president of the association formed. From this begin- 
 ning the last legislature enacted a bill creating the 
 Sanders memorial commission, Mr. Holter president. 
 The work of this body is now nearly finished and the 
 statue about ready to be put in place. 
 
 Judge F. K. Armstrong, Mr. Jno. M. Flolt, and Mr. 
 Holter have just appraised and purchased for the 
 state the state hospital for the insane from private 
 owners. These men were appointed by the governor, 
 and their appraisal was approved by the voters of the 
 state at the last election. 
 
 In 1867, in the city of Chicago, was solemnized the 
 marriage of Mr. Holter to Miss Mary Pauline Loberg, 
 who, like himself, is a native of Norway, and their 
 home life has been one of ideal associations and in- 
 fluences. Concerning their children brief record is 
 
 given in the concluding paragraph of this review. 
 
 Norman B., who was graduated in Columbia Uni- 
 versity, in the city of New York, as a member of the 
 class of 1891, is vice-president of the A. M. Flolter 
 Hardware Company and secretary of the Holter Com- 
 pany, besides having the active supervision of the ex- 
 tensive business interests built up by his honored father. 
 He is one of the prominent and popular factors in the 
 business and social activities of Helena and is well 
 upholding the high prestige of the name which he 
 bears. He wedded Miss Florence Jefferis, daughter of 
 Charles M. and Sarah (Bell) Jefferis, of Helena, and 
 the two children of this union are Marian and Richard 
 M. Clara H., the second child of the subject of this 
 sketch, is the widow of Percy H. Kennett, who was a 
 stepson of Hon. Samuel T. Hauser, who was the first 
 resident governor of the territory of Montana, and the 
 surviving children of this union are Flolter P. and 
 
HISTORY OF MONTx\NA 
 
 907 
 
 George H. Edwin O. prepared for Yale University 
 in historic old Phillips-Exeter Academy, at Exeter, 
 New Hampshire, and after his graduation in Yale, in 
 1894, he entered the law department of Columbia Uni- 
 versity, in which he likewise was graduated. He is 
 now engaged in the successful practice of his profes- 
 sion in New York City. He married Miss Sarah Sage, 
 daughter of Dean Sage, of Albany, New York, and 
 they have four children — Sarah, Elizabeth, Mary, and 
 Edwin O., Jr. Albert L., the next in order of birth, 
 was likewise afforded the advantages of Phillips-Exeter 
 Academy, and is one of the well known and popular 
 young business men of Helena. He has been a zeal- 
 ous worker in the ranks of the Republican party and 
 has served as a member of the legislature of his native 
 state. Austin M. died at the age of five years. Aubrey 
 M., after a preparatory course in the Taft School, at 
 Watertown,. Connecticut, entered Yale University, in 
 which he was graduated in 1905, and he is now treasurer 
 of the A. M. Holter Hardware Company. Percy W., 
 the youngest of the children, was graduated in Yale 
 University, as a member of the class of 1907, and died, 
 in Plelena, on the 23d of November, 1908, at the age 
 of twenty-three years. He married Miss Emma Gamer, 
 daughter of Erederick Gamer, of Plelena. 
 
 Mrs. Mary P. Holter. On December 5, 1912, oc- 
 curred the death of Mrs. Mary P. Holter, wife of A. 
 M. Holter, of Helena, at the family home on Benton 
 avenue, after a lingering illness resultant from a fall 
 she received some two years ago. It would be diffi- 
 cult to say when the passing of a pioneer citizen of 
 Helena has caused such widespread and such poignant 
 sorrow in the community as has the death of Mrs. 
 Holter. For almost half a century Mrs. Holter had 
 made her home in this city, and her true worth has 
 long been recognized among the people who have 
 shared in her acquaintance and who have benefited by 
 the many noble qualities which illumined her every- 
 day life and made brighter the pathways of so many 
 who were unfortunate and “acquainted with grief.” 
 
 Born at Modum, Norway, on June 6, 1841, Mary P. 
 (Loberg) Holter came to this country in young wom- 
 anhood and in Chicago married A. M. Holter on April 
 5, 1867, he having come from Montana to meet his 
 bride at that point. In that same year she accompanied 
 her husband on his return to Montana, which state 
 has ever since represented her home, and held her 
 chiefest interests. 
 
 Her life in Helena was from the first a blessing to 
 the new and rough mining country. Coming to the 
 town as a bride, she took up her existence in a rough 
 cabin, and all the hardships incident to pioneer life in 
 the untaught west was her lot in those early years. 
 Conditions existing then may better be imagined than 
 described, but Mrs. Holter bore her lot cheerfully and 
 without complaint, happy to share the humble home of 
 her husband, which was one of the bright spots of the 
 mining camp in the days when homes were the excep- 
 tion, and not the rule. Few women, indeed, had the 
 hardihood to attempt life in the new country, but those 
 who did found in Mrs. Holter a friend in those times 
 when only a woman could minister to their needs, and 
 none knew her but to love her. As years went by, con- 
 ditions in Helena changed vastly for the better. The 
 mining camp gave way to a city which has experienced 
 a wonderful growth and prosperity, but the good of- 
 fices of Mrs. Holter have ever been in demand. None 
 in need of sympathy or of material aid have ever gone 
 out from her empty, and in unnumbered cases she 
 has sought out those who were burdened with earth’s 
 cares and given unsolicited aid to those who would 
 have gone on alone with the struggle. Her life has 
 been a shining light in Helena for fifty years, and she 
 will long be remembered by untold numbers who have 
 every cause to bless her name. 
 
 In an editorial entitled “The Woman Pioneer,” which 
 
 appeared in the Montana Dailv Record just following 
 the death of Mrs. Holter, the following tribute is paid 
 to her memor}', which is deemed worthy of perpetuat- 
 ing in this manner; “The death of Mrs. A. M. Holter 
 in this city yesterday brings forcibly to attention the 
 part the woman pioneers played in the making of this 
 state. In the case of Mrs. Holter, her life in Montana 
 was spent in the Capital city, and among the ^earliest 
 women in Last Chance camp she became through her 
 charities, her womanly qualities, her unselfish services 
 to the sick and unfortunate, more prominent than 
 others. This prominence was not of her own volition, 
 but simply because, while much of her work was un- 
 known to any save herself and the recipient, in hun- 
 dreds of instances those whom she assisted did not 
 confine their expressions of gratitude to the one who 
 had been a ‘friend in need.’ 
 
 “Mrs. Holter _ was a type of those good women 
 whose presence in Montana in the early ’6o’s made the 
 permanent settlement of the territory possible. The 
 men who came here in the early days arrived with the 
 intention of ‘making a stake and then going back 
 home.’ They underwent many hardships, they lived in 
 a crude way, wiUi that one object in view — winning a 
 fortune and leaving. It required the presence of good 
 women to make homes, and Mrs. Holter was one of 
 those who did her part in the home making. Scat- 
 tered over the territory, in mining camps, in out of the 
 way places, were other women, some of them women 
 of mature years who had pioneered in other sections, 
 others who came as brides, as did Mrs. Holter, to a 
 country in which were lacking all the finer things they 
 had known in the east. These women, while they have 
 not occupied the place in the public eye which the men 
 pioneers have, nevertheless did as much and as great 
 work in building the state as did their husbands. 
 
 “When Montana honors the memory of the pioneers 
 by the erection of a monument, there must be two — 
 one surmounted by the figure of a man, the other by 
 that of a woman.” 
 
 iMrs. Holter was a communicant of St. Peter’s Prot- 
 estant Episcopal church of Helena, and was active in 
 all the good works of her parish for many years, but 
 she never confined her benefactions to those with whom 
 she was affiliated in a churchly way; rather were her 
 greatest and best works done among those who knew 
 no church life. Not only was she active in private 
 charities and beneficences, but she did what she could 
 in public affairs, and her example and influence was a 
 potent force in the entire community during her life. 
 She was one of the original members of the old Helena 
 Improvement Society and one of its officers, and as 
 long as her health permitted was an active participant 
 in the work of the society. 
 
 In September, 1910, Mrs. Holter suffered a fall on 
 the stairs in her home, from the effects of which she 
 never fully recovered. The winter of 1911-12 she spent 
 in California with her husband, and although she re- 
 turned with renewed strength, she never regained her 
 old-time vigor. During the summer and autumn she 
 failed gradually, until death called her on the after- 
 noon of December 5th. 
 
 Mrs. Holter was the mother of five children, who 
 with her husband survive her. They are: NOrman B., 
 Albert L., Aubrey, and Mrs. H. P. Kennett, of this 
 city, and Edwin O. Holter, of New York City. 
 
 George Booker. It is the lot of some men to be born 
 great, while others have to achieve greatness. George 
 Booker, of Helena, Montana, was clearly destined to be 
 the architect of his own fortune. Beginning life on a 
 low rung of the ladder of success, he has, by close ap- 
 plication, untiring energy, and a diligent use of his 
 faculties and opportunities, attained a good position in 
 business circles and proved himself a useful and worthy 
 citizen. A native of Missouri, he was born in St. Louis 
 February 7, 1840. His father, George Booker, Sr., was 
 
908 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 born of English parents in this country, and spent the 
 greater part of his early life in St. Louis, where he was 
 engaged in business as a baker. In 1853 he moved with 
 his family to Burlington, Iowa, where he opened a bak- 
 ery for the purpose of supplying merchants and steam- 
 boat companies with the productions of his establish- 
 ment. 
 
 After the removal of his parents to Burlington, Iowa, 
 George Booker, a self-reliant boy of thirteen years, left 
 home, returning to St. Louis, where he remained until 
 twenty years old, during those seven years losing all 
 trace of the family. In i860, having previously sup- 
 ported himself by various occupations, he started for 
 Leavenworth, Kansas, going by steamboat up the^ Mis- 
 souri river. Shortly after his arrival at the point of 
 destination, Mr. Booker became one of a party of seven 
 venturesome youths who outfitted a wagon with two 
 yoke of oxen, and traveled across the plains to Denver, 
 en route for Pike’s Peak leaving Leavenworth in April 
 and arriving in Denver in the latter part of June. For 
 four years he remained in Colorado prospecting for 
 gold. In 1864 Mr. Booker made his way across the 
 country to Alder Gulch, now Virginia City, Montana, 
 where he embarked in the livery and transfer business, 
 hauling freight by wagons from Fort Benson to Alder 
 Gulch, a distance of three hundred miles and while in 
 that place took up auctioneering. Coming to Ravilli 
 county in 1866, Mr. Booker took up his residence in 
 Helena, which was then a wide-open frontier town, and 
 has since built up an extensive and highly remunerative 
 business as an auctioneer at that point, being widely and 
 favorably known in his professional capacity throughout 
 the northwest. Possessing good business ability and 
 foresight, he has accumulated a fair share of this 
 world’s goods, in addition to owning his own home hav- 
 ing laluable business property on Main street, Flelena, 
 and mining interests in the valley. 
 
 A Democrat in politics, Mr. Booker has never been an 
 aspirant for official honors, though he works hard, but 
 quietly in the interests of his party, and for one year 
 served as fire marshal. Fraternally, he belongs to 
 Helena Lodge, No. 3, Ancient Free and Accepted Order 
 of Masons; is a Knight Templar; is identified with 
 Algeria Temple, Mystic Shrine, of which he has been 
 recorder since its formation in 1888; has taken the 
 thirty-second degree in Masonry and is preparing for 
 the thirty-third degree. For the past forty years he has 
 been secretary of Helena Lodge, and is probably more 
 familiar with lodge work than any other of its members. 
 Fie is a charter member of the society of Montana 
 Pioneers. 
 
 Mr. Booker married Miss Mattie Walton, of Trinity 
 Gulch, Montana, and of the six children born of their 
 union, three are living, namely: Ethel, wife of John 
 D. Bartlett, of Galesburg, Illinois; Clinton T. of Helena, 
 an electrician ; and Lester H., a clerk in the First Na- 
 tional Bank of Flelena. 
 
 John Harris. About fifty years ago John Harris 
 came to the state of Montana, bringing with him only 
 a good brain and a pair of capable, willing hands. 
 From this foundation he erected a structure, as repre- 
 sented by his fortune, that has given him prestige in 
 the world of business and .finance, and in public and 
 social life. Montana has its full quota of self-made 
 men, but probably none have been the architects of 
 their own fortunes in a greater degree than he. In the 
 days of the stampedes to Bannack and Alder Gulch 
 he was only a poor boy, laboring for a pittance, but 
 so well did he subsequently manage his affairs that he 
 soon was independent, and now takes a prominent 
 place among Fort Benton’s foremost citizens. Mr. Har- 
 ris was born in St. Louis, Missouri, November 20, 1849. 
 son of William and Marguerite (Edwards) Harris. 
 His father, a native of Virginia, removed to the state 
 of Missouri during frontier days, and in 1849 joined 
 the gold seekers, crossing the plains to California, 
 
 where he followed mining until his death at Sacra- 
 mento in 1854. Mrs. Harris was born in Wales, and 
 at a very early age came to the United States with her 
 parents, settling in Missouri. After the death of Mr. 
 Harris she was married to William FI. Thomas, and 
 her death occurred at Deer Lodge, Montana, in 1898, 
 at the age of seventy-seven years. John Harris’ only 
 brother, Howell Harris, was born in 1846, in St. Louis, 
 Missouri, and now resides at Lethbridge, Canada. 
 
 John Harris was five years of age when he accom- 
 panied his mother across the plains to California, going 
 by mule team from Omaha to Salt Lake, Utah. At the 
 latter point the party remained until the following 
 spring, and there Mrs. Harris received word of her 
 husband’s death. The stampede to Bannack in June, 
 1863, saw Mr. Flarris a member of a prospecting party, 
 and he was located there when the discovery of gold 
 was made in Alder Gulch, to which point he imme- 
 diately went with his mother and brother. He fol- 
 lowed mining there until 1867, his stepfather being the 
 owner of a number of claims, but subsequently the 
 family removed to the Deer Lodge valley, twenty miles 
 from Deer Lodge, where they took up ranch land. In 
 1873 Mr. Harris came to Fort Benton, and with his 
 brother embarked in a freighting business for two 
 years between this city and Helena, but in 1875 retired 
 from freighting and purchased a herd of cattle in Deer 
 Lodge, becoming one of the first settlers at Highwood. 
 Mr. Harris continued to engage in cattle raising alone 
 until 1882, when he with W. G. and C. E. Conrad and 
 I. G. Baker, of St. Louis, organized the Benton & St. 
 Louis Cattle Company, this becoming one of the leading 
 companies engaged in the cattle business in Chouteau 
 county. He continued to be connected with this con- 
 cern until 1911, in which year he disposed of his inter- 
 ests to again enter business alone, and since that time 
 has followed cattle raising on the Highwood range, 
 although he makes his home in Fort Benton. Mr. Har- 
 ris is and has been for several years a member of the 
 state board of stock commissioners and is member of 
 the executive committee. He^ is also a valued member 
 of the Cattle Men’s Association, of the Odd Fellows, 
 and of the Episcopal church. A stanch Democrat in 
 his political views, he served from 1878 to 1882 as chair- 
 man of the board of county commissioners, was for a 
 number of years a member of the school board, and 
 also served for a long period as chairman of the Demo-, 
 cratic county committee. He has numerous business 
 interests in and about Fort Benton, and is a director 
 of the Stockmen’s National Bank and the Benton Elec- 
 tric Light Company, and has a wide acquaintance in 
 business circles and in public life. Everywhere he is 
 highly esteemed as one who has been an important 
 factor in building up and developing his community’s 
 various interests. 
 
 Air. Harris was married February 28, 1885, to Miss 
 Addie Berry, and they have had seven children, as fol- 
 lows ; Nellie Margaret, born in 1889, and now the wife 
 of John Patterson, a Chouteau county ranchman; Mary 
 E., born in 1891 ; Barbara, born in 1894, and now at- 
 tending college at Faribault, Minnesota; Howell, born 
 in 189s, and Anna, born in 1898, who are attending the 
 Fort Benton high school; and Edward W., born in 
 1900, and John, Jr., born in 1904, who are students in 
 the graded schools. 
 
 Dr. Thomas Jefferson James has been engaged in 
 the practice of his profession in Kalispell since 1908. 
 He is a native of the state, born on a farm near Bloom- 
 field. Montana, on March 12, 1863, and up to the tirne 
 of his taking up professional work, was engaged in 
 ranching and in other business of a similar nature, with 
 his father. Doctor James is a distinct western product, 
 having from his infancy been accustomed to the various 
 phases of western pioneer life. He is the son of Esau 
 James and Melinda (Congill) James, the former being 
 the son of Morris and Mary (Beasley) James. 
 
V. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 909 
 
 Morris James was born in Kentucky. He emigrated 
 to Iowa in his early manhood, soon thereafter going to 
 California during the days of the gold madness in that 
 state, and he died there in 1850, still a young man. His 
 wife was born in Tennessee, near Chattanooga and she 
 died in Missouri in 1847. Their son, Esau, the father 
 of Doctor James of this review, was born on May 24, 
 1838. He was but a lad when his parents moved to Iowa, 
 settling on a farm m Davis county where they remained 
 for some little time before they removed to Missouri. 
 In that state they settled on farming lands in Lancaster, 
 but their stay in Missouri was of the briefest. They 
 returned to Iowa, making the trip overland by wagon 
 train in the then popular prairie schooner, and from 
 Iowa they went on to Nebraska, settling in the eastern 
 part of the state, where Esau James was employed by 
 land agents there, remaining through the winter. From 
 there he moved to Kansas, and after a short time re- 
 turned to Iowa once more, continuing there until i860. 
 
 In i860 Esau James went to Missouri and there mar- 
 ried Melinda Congill at Lancaster, the marriage taking 
 place in the month of September. Her parents were 
 early Iowa pioneers who moved into Missouri in middle 
 life. After his marriage Mr. James returned to Iowa 
 where he was owner of a fine farm and there he fol- 
 lowed the farming business until 1864. In that year he 
 became attracted by the western country and decided to 
 move to Montana. He accordingly sold his farm and 
 joined a small party going overland to Montana, some 
 fifteen hundred miles distant from his Iowa home, and 
 for the most part, through a country invaded by bands 
 of hostile Indians. These early pioneers were never 
 lacking in pluck and determination, whatever their con- 
 ditions might be from a material aspect, and the pros- 
 pect of a trip of such magnitude presented no dis- 
 couraging features to their hardy natures. Their trip 
 was unattended by untoward experience until they 
 reached the Platte river at Laramie, where they were 
 attacked by a small band of Indians. They were suc- 
 cessful in their efforts to resist the savages, and at 
 Laramie were detained by the soldiers stationed there 
 until a larger party had been gathered to complete the 
 trip. After leaving Laramie they were unmolested 
 until they reached Big Sandy, Wyoming, where a large 
 body of hostile Sioux attacked them. The party formed 
 a breastworks of their wagons in a corral, and for four 
 days withstood the constant annoyances to which the 
 incessant attentions of the Indians subjected them. At 
 the end of that time, when they were just about to give 
 up in despair, the savages became discouraged at the 
 continued resistance of the party and took their de- 
 parture. From that point they continued on very cau- 
 tiously until they reached the Green Mountains, when 
 they found themselves in the forest. En route through 
 that part of the country they encountered fierce forest 
 fires, and narrowly escaped death in the flames. When 
 they finally reached a clearing they were much the 
 worse for wear, having lost the canvases off their 
 wagons, but without other loss. Entering a valley, they 
 found their passage most pleasant until they suffered 
 the loss of a part of their stock as a result of eating 
 poison weeds in the valley. In the valley, they rested 
 after their severe and trying trip and enjoyed hunting 
 and fishing in the lakes and rivers, which abounded in 
 the choicest of Montana trout, and other game was 
 equally plentiful. Continuing on from there to Snake 
 river crossing, they encountered new difficulties at the 
 Platt river crossing where they found the river much 
 swollen. In order to make the passage over they had 
 to elevate their wagon boxes to a considerable height, 
 and it required four days of strenuous labor to safely 
 convey the party across the rushing torrent. No sooner 
 were they safely across the river than the Indians 
 again made their appearance, this time stampeding 
 their cattle. They were not so persistent as other bands 
 which they had encountered, and the travelers were able 
 to repulse them with but little effort. At this point. 
 
 however, Mr. James narrowly escaped with his life 
 while trying to rescue the cattle which the Indians had 
 made off with and were guarding on a nearby island. 
 The waters of the river were almost too much for 
 him, sturdy as he was, and after sinking twice to the 
 bottom of the river, he finally managed to reach the 
 shore. Here he found his cattle in charge of a small 
 Indian guard, and it was with great difficulty that he 
 was able to make terms with them, and finally induced 
 them to release the cattle. By holding to the tails of 
 the oxen as they swam across, he made his way safely 
 back to his party with all the missing cattle. Once 
 more ready for the road, they set out and proceeded 
 unmolested until they reached Big Blackfoot in Utah. 
 From there they went to Bannack, Helena and latterly 
 to Virginia City, where the party disbanded. Thus 
 ended the pilgrimage of Esau James and his family 
 from their quiet, Iowa home into the wilderness of the 
 West, as yet unclaimed by any but the hardiest pioneer 
 spirits of the nation. 
 
 In the winter of 1864-5 Mr. James mined at Alder 
 Gulch, and in the spring of 1865 went to Last Chance 
 m quest of riches in that much touted gold camp. From 
 there he went to Montana, and engaged in ranching 
 until 1867, his location being on the Missouri rive? 
 some eighteen miles from the city of Helena. In the 
 spring of 1867 he again became enthusiastic over the 
 mining situation and went to Idaho, but his minino- 
 operations were never of a wide scope, or more than 
 ordinarily successful. Very shortly he gave up that 
 business there and moved on to Boise, Idaho, where 
 he opened a hotel, and was very successful in that 
 business. In 1868 he sold out and went to Helena 
 sending his wife back to Iowa on a visit to her old 
 home and_ family, and during her absence IMr. James 
 took a ^rmg of racing horses and trained them for the 
 J rayis Brothers. In the following year he followed a 
 similar business for Hugh Kirkendell, traveling through- 
 ^t the West with them and racing in various places. 
 He continued in that work until 1870, tlten going to 
 Cedar Creek where he again interested himself in mining 
 ventures. Not meeting with encouraging success, he 
 started a stage station at Eagle Creek on the Missoula 
 river, and also ran the hotel at that place, in which he 
 continued until 1873. From there he went to Missoula 
 and started up in the freighting business, later being 
 engaged similarly at Fort Benton, Butte, Deer Lodge 
 and Helena, and continuing until 1883. He then went 
 to Calfornia and spent a winter. Returning, he bought 
 a ranch two miles west of Missoula, which he con- 
 ducted up until 1900, at which time his son took charge, 
 and Mr. James went to Fort Steel on another mining 
 exploit. Disappointed in that venture, he returned to 
 Montana and came to Kalispell where he secured a 
 steam wood-saw and engaged in wood sawing. His 
 was the first steam wood-saw to be operated in Kalis- 
 pell, and he did a thriving business there with it until 
 19041 ^^when he sold out and bought the steam ferry 
 boat Iowa” in operation on the lake at Poison, a busi- 
 ness which he has conducted since that time. In 1908 
 Mr. James leased_ his boat and made a trip through the 
 western states, visiting in Seattle, Washington, thence 
 to Los Angeles, California, and coming back through 
 Arizona, New Mexico, Kansas, Nebraska, Missouri, 
 Iowa to Salt Lake City,_ and from* that point back to 
 Montana, the trip covering a period of four years of 
 travel. 
 
 During the years of Mr. James’ residence in this 
 section of the country he was deputy sheriff of IMis- 
 soula county for a number of years, and proved his 
 efficiency in many an encounter with offenders during 
 that time. He is a Democrat of the Progressive 
 type, and has always been a strong partisan of the 
 cause of the Democracy. His life has been one of ad- 
 venture, but in that respect similar to the experience 
 of many another spirited man who has helped to make 
 of Montana the great and glowing treasure spot which 
 
910 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 she is today in her further development. Mr. James 
 is a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks 
 of Kalispell, and is a member of the Christian church. 
 .\lthough well advanced in years, he is still strong and 
 rugged, and takes vast enjoyment in the pleasures of 
 out door life. He is the owner of considerable property 
 m this section of the state, two valuable ranches being 
 a part of the holdings. In addition to the Missoula 
 ranch which his son operated for him for some tirne, 
 he has a valuable cattle ranch at Ross’ Hole, which 
 he at one time conducted himself, but though he does 
 not longer operate them himself, he continues to be the 
 owner. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. James became the parents of one son. 
 Thomas Jefferson, who is the subject of this review. 
 His early education was received in the common schools 
 of Montana, after which he was sent to Davenport, 
 Iowa, where he attended the high school. After his 
 graduation therefrom he attended college in Iowa, 
 Colorado and California. Doctor James is a graduate 
 of a number of schools of osteopathy, among them being 
 (he Barber College of Osteopathy of Missouri, Palmer 
 College of Davenport, Iowa, from which he was grad- 
 uated in igoo. In 1903 he was graduated from the 
 Medical Electric College of Chicago, and in 1907 from 
 the Los Angeles (Calif.) College of Ophthalmology. In 
 that same year he took a course of instruction under 
 I )octor Davis at Los Angeles, in neuropathy as a further 
 aid to his profession. Following his graduation in 
 1907 Doctor James spent the winter in southern Arizona 
 and New Mexico, after which he took a course of study 
 in ophthalmology in Denver, finishing in 1908. _ Im- 
 mediately thereafter Doctor James came to Kalispell, 
 where he has since conducted a very successful practice, 
 aided therein by his wife, who is a graduate of the 
 same school in California from which he received his 
 degree. She was Mrs. Oza L. Minnick, and they were 
 mmried at Cranbrook, British Columbia, on June 5, 
 1908. Both are popular in their profession and have 
 won a wide patronage in and about Kalispell in the 
 comparatively brief time in which they have been here 
 established. Both are especially able physicians, and 
 have the confidence of all who know them professionally 
 or otherwi.se. 
 
 Before Doctor James became identified with his 
 present profession, he w’as employed in the operation 
 and management of his father's ranching interests for 
 a number of years, as suggested in another portion of 
 this sketch, and he has had a large and varied experi- 
 ence in the years devoted to these more strenuous pur- 
 suits. He was for some time a well-known stage driver 
 of the overland stage between Helena and Jefferson, 
 and many exciting experiences came his way during 
 that time. Those w'ere the days when the “hold-up" 
 man w'as well known to the traveling public, and he 
 was on numerous occasions held up enroute. Doctor 
 James is a noted hunter in Montana, big game being 
 iiis usual quest. On one occasion he came near to for- 
 feiting his life as the result of an encounter with a 
 monster silver tip grizzly bear. He fired five shots into 
 the infuriated animal before he succeeded in reaching 
 a vulnerable spot, and the bear was within a few feet 
 of him when the last shot brought him down. He 
 still owns the skin, w'hich he had tanned, and it w'as 
 pronounced at that time the largest bear that had ever 
 been killed in the state. This handsome skin is but one 
 of a large number of trophies of the hunt which he 
 has to show for his life in the West. Doctor James 
 still takes an active interest in the ranching busines.s 
 which he conducted before taking up osteopathy, and 
 he is the owner of other valuable Montana property, in 
 addition to a handsome home in Kalispell. Doctor 
 James is most obviously one of those more progressive 
 and enterprising men who have sufficient wide-minded- 
 ness to be able to grasp more than one idea at a time, 
 and W'hich makes it possible for him to entertain a 
 variety of interests. He is one cf the valuable citizens' 
 
 of Kalispell who is ever up and doing in the cause of 
 improved conditions, and it is not too much to predict 
 that his future life will shed a powerful and beneficent 
 influence upon the community in which he "lives and 
 moves and has his being.” 
 
 Judge John Edward Murr.vy was born in Ireland, 
 on May 18, 1827, and died on the loth day of March, 
 1903, at his home in Lewistown, where he had lived 
 since May, 1887. Judge Alurray came to America 
 as a mere child with his parents and his first American 
 home was in the state of A'laine. Later the family 
 moved to New Brunswick, and there some years of the 
 subject’s life were passed. He was yet very young 
 when he left home, and he began his career in life’s 
 activities as an iron-puddler. In 1859 he crossed the 
 plains, reaching Denver via the Santa Fe trail in the 
 month of April in the same year. He had many 
 experiences more or less serious in their nature, and 
 at one time he and his partner lost their way in 
 Colorado. For several days they subsisted on seeds 
 and wild rose bushes, but finally succeeded in reaching 
 food and water, when hope was almost gone. 
 
 In the spring of 1863 Air. Murray left Colorado and 
 headed for Bannack, Alontana, which place he reached 
 on the I2th of May. Soon thereafter he and a few 
 other hardy spirits started out on a prospecting trip, 
 and it was they who discovered gold in Florse Prairie. 
 They organized into a company and on July 4th Mr. 
 Alurray was elected president of the mining district. 
 It was about that time that W. A. Clark, since one of 
 the famous mining men of the west, came into the 
 region, and he secured claims in the gulch known as 
 the Jeff Davis Gulch, a tributary of the one in which 
 they were operating, known as Colorado Gulch. 
 
 In the spring of 1864 Air. Clark bought out some of 
 Air. Alurray’s partners, and Air. Alurray avers that they 
 who claim that W. A. Clark never did a day’s work 
 in the mines don’t know what they are talking of, for 
 they did many a day’s work together on that claim 
 and Air. Alurray claims that Clark was a good work- 
 man, too. In September, 1865, Air. Murray sold his 
 interest in the property to Air. Clark and went to Snake 
 River to prospect. His old acquaintance, Skelly, was 
 again with him, but they found nothing in that region 
 of any value, so they crossed over to the west fork of 
 the Aladison and followed it down to Virginia City, 
 starting from there to Helena. At Helena Air. Murray 
 got a claim in the St. Louis Gulch, which he soon 
 sold out and went to Oregon Gulch, where, he mined 
 in several locations. Between the years of 1868 and 
 1873 he was identified with various mining locations in 
 the vicinity and in 1873 he was elected to the office of 
 probate judge of Aleagher county. He served four 
 years in that office, but refused a re-nomination and 
 again turned his attention to mining. In 1879 he took 
 up a homestead on the Alusselshell river, and in 1882 
 he was again elected probate judge, against his wishes. 
 It was in 1887 that he first bought property in Lewis- 
 town and there went into the cigar and confectionery 
 business, in which he continued to be profitably engaged 
 until death called him. In 1894 Judge Alurray was ap- 
 pointed postmaster of Lewistown and served four years 
 in that office under President Cleveland. He also 
 served as city treasurer of Lewistown and was an active 
 worker in the ranks of the Democratic party. He was 
 a member of the Pioneer Society of Montana and his 
 churchly affiliations were with the Roman Catholic 
 church, in which he was reared by his parents. 
 
 On September 2, 1888, Judge Alurray was united in 
 marriage with Aliss Belle Abraham, and they became 
 the parents of two children, but one of whom, John' Ed- 
 ward Alurray, is living. 
 
 Hon. W. J. McCormick. Few of the honored pio- 
 neers of Montana did more in the way of developing the 
 resources of this great state in his time than did the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 911 
 
 Hon. W. J. McCormick, now deceased, but a resident 
 of the state from 1863 until the time of his death in 
 1889, and one of the founders and most enterprising 
 and liberal citizens of IMissoula. 
 
 Born near Muncie, Delaware county, Indiana, in the 
 year 1835, he was the son of Rev. William McCormick, 
 of Harrisburg, Virginia, and the descendant of a long 
 line of Irish ancestors. His grandfather, John McCor- 
 mick, emigrated from Dublin, Ireland, where the family 
 was long and prominently known, and yet is, and from 
 that worthy gentleman are descended a large family, 
 many of whom have filled the higher places in life 
 and realized many noble ambitions. The late Hon. 
 James G. Blaine and the late Hon. Cyrus H. McCormick, 
 were of this family. The father of Mr. McCormick 
 of this review was a Baptist minister of many talents, 
 and after his marriage in Harrisonburg, Virginia, in 
 which town he was born and reared, he moved to In- 
 diana, where for many years he was devoted to minis- 
 terial duties, combining these duties with the functions 
 of a circuit judge, and there he reared his family of 
 seven children, of which number, Washington J., the 
 subject, was the youngest. 
 
 Washington J. McCormick finished his education in 
 Asbury College, now De Pauw University at Green- 
 castle, Indiana. In 1856 he was admitted to the bar 
 being then twenty-one years of age, and in the following 
 year he went to Utah, where he held many important and 
 prominent positions in line with his profession in a 
 political way — among them being the office of secretary 
 of state, attorney general and chief justice of court. 
 The year 1863 first saw his advent into Montana, and 
 Virginia City was his first place of residence. For 
 two years he practiced law in that city, and while there 
 took an active and efficient part in the politics of the' 
 country. He was secretary of the first Democratic 
 convention held in the territory, and in 1864 was a 
 member of the territorial legislature from Madison 
 count}-. In April. 1865, he removed to Deer Lodge 
 and was elected to the legislature from that county. 
 He was superintendent of the Flathead Indian Agency, 
 for two years, from 1866 to 1868, inclusive. He came 
 to Missoula in 1868, before an organized town existed, 
 and here with Captain Higgins and Hon. F. L. Worden, 
 he was occupied in the development and building of 
 the town. He was interested in milling and stock- 
 raising in both Chouteau and Missoula counties, and 
 acquired much valuable ranch property in the Bitter 
 Root valley, while he owned a considerable property 
 in Missoula. It is noteworthy that Mr. McCormick 
 w'as the first editor and the founder of the Gazette, 
 and in his capacity as editor, he brought to bear an 
 influence for good that went far in the upbuilding of 
 the city along the most desirable lines. His talents 
 were many, and as a lawyer, a politician of unusual 
 ability and power, an editor whose opinions carried 
 weight and brought results in the right direction, and 
 a business man of exceptional acumen and good judg- 
 ment, he occupied an imposing position in Missoula 
 for upw'ards of a quarter of a century. He attended 
 the legislature from iMissoula county in 1875, 1877, 
 1878, 1884. 
 
 Mr. McCormick was a man who gave liberally of 
 his substance to every worthy cause, and prominent 
 among his numerous benefactions is his gift of the 
 three blocks on which now- stands the Catholic church 
 edifice, the school and hospital. Although Mr. Mc- 
 Cormick was not of the Catholic faith, he gave liber- 
 ally towards the establishment of Catholic schools 
 and hospitals in his county. IMr. McCormick also 
 w-as a liberal giver in the cause w-hich resulted in se- 
 curing the building of the Northern Pacific Railroad 
 to Missoula, and it is a deplorable fact that the city 
 of which he was one of the founders, saw her greatest 
 era of development and growth just after the untimely 
 death of the man wdio had labored so indefatigably in 
 making that growth possible. Mr. iMcCormick met 
 
 his death on February 3, 1889, as the result of an acci- 
 dent caused by a windstorm at Fort Owen, the oldest 
 fortification in Montana, which property he had pur- 
 chased from Major John Owen in 1870. 
 
 One year after Mr. McCormick came to Missoula, in 
 1869, he was united, in marriage with Miss Kate Hig- 
 gins, the daughter of Christopher Power and Edith 
 (O’Byrne) Higgins, and sister of the late Cantain C. P. 
 Higgins, of Missoula, with whom Mr. McCormick was 
 associated in a business way in the developing and 
 planning of a greater Missoula than then existed. Her 
 people were descendants of the early kings of Ireland, 
 and they came to America in 1851, locating in Montana 
 in 1865. 
 
 Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. McCor- 
 mick, all native sons and daughters of Missoula, and 
 they are named as follows : Mary Edith O’Byrne ; Wil- 
 
 liam Worden; John Francis Higgins; Blanche Ada 
 Louise; Veronica Honora Hester; Paul Christopher 
 and Washington J., Jr., concerning whom extended 
 mention is made elsewhere in this work in a separate 
 article devoted to him. The daughter, Blanche Ada 
 Louise, died on January 15, 1892, in the seventeenth 
 year of her life. 
 
 Washington J. McCormick. Following the pro- 
 fession in which his distinguished father, the late Hon. 
 Washington J. McCormick, won a high place and espe- 
 cial distinction, Washington J. McCormick is just be- 
 ginning a career of exceptional promise. The father was 
 one of the oldest settlers of Missoula, and a man to 
 whom the city owes much of her present prosperity and 
 prominence, and in his work the son has the advantage 
 of every favorable circumstance in the making of a name 
 for himself and achieving a worthy success in the pro- 
 fession he has chosen. It is a pleasing fact to record 
 that the young man is not content with the laurels 
 won by his worthy parent, but is bent upon a career of 
 accomplishment which, in view of his many talents 
 and splendid energies, it is safe to predict that he will 
 realize. 
 
 Born in Missoula, Montana, on January 4, 1884, Mr. 
 McCormick is the son of Washington J. and Catherine 
 O’Byrne Higgins, concerning the former of whom e.x- 
 tended mention is made in a memoir dedicated to him 
 in other pages of this work, the mother being the de- 
 scendant of a noble family of Ireland, which claimed as 
 its ancestors some of the early kings of that valiant 
 little island. Mr. McCormick was educated in the public 
 schools of his native city and in the University of Mon- 
 tana, and later he attended Notre Dame University in 
 Indiana and Harvard University, from which latter in- 
 stitution he was graduated in 1907. He engaged in 
 the study of law at Columbia, and was graduated in 
 1910, a full fledged lawyer. Admitted to the New 
 York bar in June, 1910, at once Mr. McCormick began 
 the practice of his profession in Alissoula, and from 
 the start took a prominent place in the ranks of the 
 Republican party, and in the autumn of 1911 he took 
 the stump for the party in his district and in other 
 parts of the state. 
 
 Two years of continued practice in the profession of 
 law in Missoula have not been sufficient to bring fame 
 as a legist to this young man, but they have been ample 
 to prove the mettle of the man, and more than sufficient 
 to establish him permanently in the ranks of the rising 
 young men of the city and county. As a side issue 
 Mr. McCormick has recently had some success in the 
 field of journalism and belles Icttres. A brilliant future 
 is everywhere predicted for him, and Alissoula is fortu- 
 nate indeed in that the son of one of her most dis- 
 tinguished citizens has elected to cast in his lot with 
 the future of the city of his birth, which his father did 
 so much to promote and popularize, and which has 
 accorded to that worthy citizen a fair measure of appre- 
 ciation and praise. 
 
912 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Thomas H. Carter. A life conspicuous for the 
 magnitude and variety of its achievement was that of 
 the late Senator Thomas H. Carter, one of the most 
 distinguished and honored figures in the history of the 
 state of Montana, and one whose influence transcended 
 local environs to permeate the national life. So great 
 accomplishment as was his can not but imply exalted 
 subjective character, and thus, above all and beyond 
 all. Senator Carter merits perpetual honor by virtue of 
 the very strength and nobility of his character. To the 
 fullest compass of his splendid powers he rendered 
 service to the state and nation ; his labors were un- 
 sparing, and his honesty of purpose was beyond cavil. 
 The reflex of the high honors conferred upon him was 
 the honors he himself conferred. It can not be doubted 
 that to him more than to any other one has been due 
 the securing of that governmental co-operation which 
 has made possible the magnificent development of the 
 great western empire of our national domain, and he 
 was in the truest sense one of the great men of Amer- 
 ica. It is not easy to describe adequately a man who 
 was distinct in character and who accomplished so 
 much in the world as did Senator Carter, and the lim- 
 itations imposed by the province of this publication are 
 such has to make possible only a brief review of the 
 career of the man, without extended genealogical rec- 
 ord or critical analysis of character. 
 
 In a preliminary way it may be stated that he to 
 whom this memoir is dedicated was the last delegate 
 from the territory of Montana in the United States 
 congress, the first representative in congress after the 
 state has been admitted to the Union, and the first 
 person from the state to be elected to serve a full term 
 in the United States senate. A man of action, a force- 
 ful and effective director of public opinion, a statesman 
 of proved ability, a lawyer of high attainments and a 
 citizen of high ideals, Senator Carter well merited the 
 title applied to him through high and authoritative 
 sources, — that of “Mot tana's most distinguished son.” 
 From the address delivered by lion. Lee Mantle on 
 the occasion of the assembly held in memory of Sen- 
 ator Carter, at the Auditorium in the city of Helena, 
 on Sunday, October 15, 1911, are taken the following 
 extracts : 
 
 ‘in endeavoring to do honor to the memory of 
 Senator Carter, it is only necessary to say that which 
 truth requires and justice demands, for in view of the 
 magnitude of his labors and the value of his public 
 services to both the state and nation, there is scant 
 opportunity for exaggerated eulogy. There is, indeed, 
 much more liklihood of failing to do full justice to a 
 character so strong and well poised, to a record so 
 replete with achievements, and to a life filled with use- 
 fulness and high promise. 
 
 “On the 17th day of September, 1911, the citizens 
 of Montana, without division of sentiment, were shocked 
 and grieved beyond expression by the startling and de- 
 pressing intelligence, which came like a thunderbolt 
 from a clear sky, that ex-United States Senator Thomas 
 H. Carter had suddenly expired. So wholly unlooked 
 for and unexpected was this event, and so large a place 
 had he filled in the public mind, that the sad news of 
 his death was in the nature of a public calamity, and 
 for days no other thought was in the minds of the 
 people, no other expression upon their lips than a sense 
 of profound regret and irreparable loss. It seemed 
 incredible that one so familiarly known to us all ; one 
 who had so recently left us, apparently in the full vigor 
 of body and mind and in the plentitude of his splendid 
 intellectual powers, should so quickly and without ap- 
 parent warning fall a prey to the ‘Grim Destroyer.’ Few 
 at first could realize the full import of the blow which 
 had so suddenly robbed us of a beloved friend and 
 neighbor and fellow citizen, and plunged an entire com- 
 monwealth into mourning. 
 
 “This was the feeling throughout the length and 
 breadth of the state, for there is scarcelj^ a nook or cor- 
 ner within its wide boundaries; hardly a spot amid 
 its towering mountains or up and down its broad valleys 
 where his eloquent voice has not been heard, where the 
 grasp of his hand has not been felt in friendly greeting, 
 or where his name was not a familiar household word. 
 And what was true here at home, among his own people, 
 in his own state, was largely true also in the capital of 
 the nation, where his long and conspicuous service in 
 the house and senate and in other high official posi- 
 tions, together with his striking personalit}', had made 
 him an equally familiar figure and had won for him 
 a profound respect and admiration.” 
 
 Thomas H. Carter was born in Scioto county, 
 Ohio, on the 30th of October, 1854, and thus he was 
 nearly fifty-seven years of age at the time of his death, 
 which occurred, without premonition, in the city of 
 Washington, on the 17th of September, 1911. The 
 future statesman gained his rudimentary education in 
 his native county and was about eleven years of age 
 at the time of the family removal to Illinois, where he 
 continued his studies in the public schools. He was 
 reared to the sturdy discipline of' the farm and early 
 gained close fellowship with honest toil and endeavor. 
 After attaining to adult age he continued to be identi- 
 fied with the great basic industry of agi'iculture for 
 some time, later was engaged in railroad work, and 
 still later showed that he was eligible for pedagogic 
 honors, as he became a successful and popular teacher 
 in the public schools of Illinois. The writer of the 
 present article had previously given the following state- 
 ments concerning this stage in the career of Senator 
 Carter : “A young man of such marked ambition and 
 
 distinct individuality could not prove dilatory in formu- 
 lating definite plans for his future life work, and thus 
 it was that Mr. Carter determined to prepare himself 
 for that profession which, more than any other, has 
 touched the public life and welfare of the nation. At 
 Burlington, Iowa, he began the study of law, and he 
 so persistently applied himself that, with his remark- 
 able powers of absorption and assimilation, he soon be- 
 came eligible for admission to the bar. He began the 
 practice of his profession in Burlington, and his dis- 
 tinctive abilities soon gained him recognition.” 
 
 In 1882 Senator Carter, he was then a young man of 
 about twenty-eight years, took action that was destined 
 to have momentous influence upon hi's future career, 
 for it was in that year that he identified himself with the 
 interests of the territory of Montana. He established 
 his residence in Helena, and the capital city of the state 
 represented his home thereafter until he was summoned 
 from the scene of life’s mortal endeavors. Here he 
 forthwith entered vigorously upon the practice of his 
 profession, and he soon secured a representative clien- 
 tage, in connection with which he made for himself 
 a place among the leaders of the bar which has ever 
 lent dignity and honor to Montana. Eventually he as- 
 sociated himself in practice with John B. Clyberg, and 
 for many years the firm of Carter & Clyberg was known 
 as one of the foremost in the state, with a legal busi- 
 ness of broad scope and importance. When Mr. Carter 
 was elected to congress Judge W. McConnell became 
 a member of the firm, and from this time onward until 
 the close of his life public affairs engrossed the major 
 part of the time and attention of Senator Carter. With 
 the distinct impression that in the condensed form de- 
 manded for this article no better epitome of the political 
 career of Senator Carter can be given than that offered 
 in the text of the memorial address delivered by Hon. 
 Lee Mantle, from which quotation has already been 
 made, it is deemed expedient to reproduce a number of 
 paragraphs from the same, with but slight paraphrase 
 and elimination. This estimate comes from a lifelong 
 friend of the deceased and one who is himself one of 
 Montana’s distinguished citizens, so that the significance 
 
THOMAS H. CARTER 
 
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 1 ■ v.v; 
 
 
 
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 : -h-.il 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 913 
 
 of the statements given is the more emphatic and author- 
 itative : 
 
 "I think it may be truthfully said that Senator Carter’s 
 great natural gifts, joined with his many attainments, 
 were such a high order that he would have made his 
 mark and acquired distinction in any walk of life he 
 might have chosen, but it is in the domain of politics 
 and of statesmanship that we must look for the splendid 
 record of his great career. He was an ardent believer 
 in the faith and tenets of the Republican party, proud 
 of its history and a devout worshiper at the shrine of its 
 patron saint, Abraham Lincoln, for whom his reverance 
 and admiration knew no bounds. He was a strong,, 
 vigorous partisan, advocating and defending his political 
 beliefs with a force and eloquence rarely surpassed; ad- 
 dressing his arguments to the enlightened self-interest 
 and reason of the people rather than to their passions 
 and prejudices. Senator Carter’s partisanship was of 
 a high order ; it was patriotic because it was based on 
 an earnest desire to secure the supremacy of those 
 policies which he firmly believed would most redound 
 to the honor and glory of his country and to the hap- 
 piness and prosperity of all its people. He was a 
 political leader of sound judgment and rare skill, — reso- 
 lute and resourceful in emergencies and possessing in an 
 eminent degree the indispensible faculty of inspiring 
 confidence and arousing enthusiasm among his followers. 
 It is true that he made many determined and relentless 
 political enemies, but it is equally true that no man ever 
 had more intensely loyal and devoted friends. 
 
 “One of the most admirable traits of Senator Carter's 
 character was his broad-mindedness. It was an excep- 
 tional case, indeed, if he carried political difference into 
 his personal relations. No matter how bitterly partisan 
 warfare might be raging, he could always meet his 
 antagonists in a friendly social and personal intercourse. 
 In fact it was well nigh impossible for coolness to 
 exist when subjected to the genial warmth of his per- 
 sonal presence. 
 
 “Senator Carter was a politician in the highest and 
 best sense of the term. He sought and enjoyed political 
 power and office because they gave him a broad oppor- 
 tunity for the gratification of his personal tastes and 
 bent of mind, and for the exercise of his exceptional 
 qualifications for public life. He was politically ambi- 
 tious, but his ambition was tempered with a deep love 
 of country, a glowing pride in its traditions and an ear- 
 nest desire for the welfare of its people. And it can 
 truthfully be said that no public servant ever labored 
 more zealously in the interests of his constituents than 
 he. His public labors ran over a period of nearly a 
 quarter of a century and covered such a wide area 
 of activity that it would take volumes to enumerate them 
 in detail. Into them he poured freely of his time, 
 strength and vitality and of the reserves of his great 
 brain.” 
 
 In 1888 Senator Carter was nominated by his party 
 for delegate in congress, this being the year prior to the 
 admission of the territory of Montana to statehood. 
 The campaign was one of the most notable in Montana’s 
 political annals. Theretofore the territory had elected 
 only one Republican delegate to congress, and the victory 
 achieved by Senator Carter was consequently all the 
 more significant. His opponent was Hon. William A. 
 Clark, of Butte, whom he defeated by a majority of 
 5,126 votes, after a most vigorous and exciting cam- 
 paign. Montana was admitted to statehood the following- 
 year and this extinguished the office of territorial dele- 
 gate ; but in the first Republican state convention Mr. 
 Carter was unanimously made the standard-bearer of 
 his party, on this occasion as candidate for full congres- 
 sional honors. At the ensuing election he defeated Hon. 
 Martin Maginnis, the Democratic candidate, by a ma- 
 jority of 1,648, and thus to him was given the distinction 
 of having been the last territorial delegate and the first 
 to represent the new state in the national house of 
 representatives. From this juncture recourse is again 
 
 taken to the address of Hon. Lee ^lantle, who spoke as 
 follows concerning Senator Carter’s initial appearance 
 in congress : “His quick grasp of parliamentary pro- 
 
 cedure, his vast store of knowledge upon public ques- 
 tions, combined with his readiness in debate and his 
 great personal popularity, enabled him at once to stamp 
 the impress of his strong individuality upon his associ- 
 ates and gained for him a standing and influence rarely 
 attained except after years of service. From that time 
 until death claimed him he grew in usefulness and ex- 
 panded in knowledge and power until his reputation had 
 spread beyond the narrow boundaries of his own state 
 and he had become a recognized figure of national im- 
 portance, — -the welcome associate of the greatest intel- 
 lects in the nation, the peer of the ablest statesmen 
 in the land, the trusted friend and counselor of presi- 
 dents. 
 
 “In 1890 he was appointed secretary of the Republi- 
 can congressional campaign committee. In 1891 Presi- 
 dent Harrison, recognizing his special fitness for the 
 place, appointed him commissioner of the general land 
 office. His appointment to this important position was 
 hailed with delight by the people of the west, who had 
 suffered much from the unjust restrictions and vexa- 
 tious rules — due to ignorance of western conditions — 
 which then prevailed in that department of the govern- 
 ment. Under his intelligent and vigorous administra- 
 tion the policies of the department were immediately 
 liberalized, its burdensome rules suspended, its business 
 facilitated and placed upon a reasonable basis. 
 
 “In 1892, less than four years from his first appear- 
 ance on the stage of local politics, Senator Carter was 
 selected chairman of the Republican national committee, 
 the highest position attainable in the management of na- 
 tional party politics. This was a most remarkable tribute 
 to his abilities as an organizer and a mark of the confi- 
 dence reposed in him by the great party leaders. It is 
 to be doubted if in the annals of our political history 
 there is another instance of such a rapid rise from com- 
 parative obscurity to political and national prominence. 
 The Senator retained this office four years and was suc- 
 ceeded by Hon. Marcus A. Hanna, of Ohio.” 
 
 At the close of the campaign of 1892 Senator Carter 
 resumed the practice of his profession in Helena, but 
 the people of the state had too profound an appreciation 
 of his ability and loyalty to permit him to remain long 
 in private life. In 1895 he was nominated as candidate 
 for the senate of the United States. Concerning this 
 period in the career of Senator Carter the writer of the 
 present article had previously written the following es- 
 timate : “The ensuing campaign was most spirited and 
 
 political enthusiasm ran high in Montana, but the re- 
 sult was favorable to Mr. Carter, the honor accorded 
 him being a fitting crown to his brilliant career as 
 representative of the interests of his state. In the senate 
 he assumed a position of no less relative importance 
 than he had held in the house. He was an active work- 
 ing member, as a matter of course, for he was essentially 
 a man of action. During his first senatorial term he 
 served on a number of the most important comittees, 
 among which may be noted the committees on census, 
 appropriations, military affairs, postoffices and post roads, 
 public lands, territories, forest reservations, and pro- 
 tection of game, besides others of scarcely less import- 
 ance. His brilliant and long sustained efforts in oppo- 
 sition to the passage of the river and harbor bill at the 
 close of the Fifty-sixth congress will ever be remembered 
 in the annals of our political history. It is an undoubted 
 fact that the defeat of this extravagant measure was due 
 to him. It is unnecessary to recapitulate the cogent and 
 forceful arguments he brought to bear in his famous 
 ten-hour speech, which continued in the last session of 
 that congress, which expired before the address was 
 completed, for the same are a matter of record and 
 have been duly exploited in the public press of the nation, 
 his course having gained to him the hearty commenda- 
 tion of a great majority of the people of the country, 
 
914 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 irrespective of political affiliations, and stamping him as 
 one of the zealous advocates of fairness and true econ- 
 omy in the administration of public affairs. The con- 
 test on this bill was a notable one, and Senator Carter 
 scored, without fear or favor, a measure that was fos- 
 tered by corporate greed and marked discrimination 
 against the West in an unwise expenditure of public 
 funds for the benefit of the East.” 
 
 The great West, and Montana especially, owes a per- 
 petual debt of gratitude and honor to Senator Carter 
 for the results of his action in connection with the defeat 
 of the bill to which reference has just been made and 
 which carried with it vast appropriations for river and 
 harbor improvements of questionable value and in dis- 
 tinct discrimination against the demands of the West 
 for federal aid. The Senator's antagonism to the bill 
 was not primarily because he opposed the demands of the 
 eastern section of the country but because of the fact 
 that the East was opposed to the legitimate demands of 
 the West. The defeat of this bill, appropriating millions 
 for river and harbor work, made the East take cogni- 
 zance of the fact that the West also had claims upon the 
 national government for federal aid in the reclamation 
 of its vast tracts of arid lands. By the action of Senator 
 Carter the ultimate success of the reclamation move- 
 ment was assured. Further reference to this matter is 
 thus made in the article from which previous quotations 
 have been taken : 
 
 “Appropriations followed, and soon thereafter the 
 initial steps were taken in the construction of those 
 stupendous irri.gation projects which are today the won- 
 der and admiration of the scientific world. To Senator 
 Carter, next to Theodore Roosevelt, must be given the 
 place of honor in securing this great constructive legis- 
 lation which is bringing such vast benefits to Montana 
 and to the West in general. He was one of the pioneers, 
 the very ablest champion and advocate of the movement 
 that led to these mighty undertakings, which have since 
 transformed into smiling fields and fruitful orchards 
 millions of acres of barren soil, and, in very fact, made 
 the desert to blossom as the rose.” 
 
 It may be further stated that it was due to the efforts 
 of Senator Carter that Montana obtained a greater 
 amount of federal aid in reclamation work than did all 
 of the other western states combined, and it was through 
 his interposition only a few months prior to his death 
 a special appropriation of several million dollars was 
 made by congress in 1911 for the completion of the 
 Milk river irrigation project, one of the most important 
 in Montana. The Glacier National Park, in Montana, 
 destined to rival the Yellowstone Park as one of the 
 wonderful natural resorts of the country, was created 
 through the earnest labors of Senator Carter, and in 
 recognition of his efforts the highest peak in this great 
 reserve is known as Mount Carter and the largest 
 of its glaciers as the Carter glacier. 
 
 At the Republican national convention of 1908 Senator 
 Carter was successful in his efforts to have incorporated 
 as a plank in the party platform the provision calling for 
 the establishing of postal savings banks, and he put 
 forth his claims with characteristic vigor, in the face 
 of the bitter opposition of the National Bankers’ Asso- 
 ciation and other powerful influences. Apropos of this 
 noble measure thus fostered by Senator Carter, Hon. 
 Lee Mantle has spoken in the following terms : 
 
 “In 1905 he was elected to his second term in the 
 senate, and toward its close he had formulated and 
 introduced his bill for the creation of the system of 
 postal savings banks. He had long been impressed with 
 the absolute public need of this legislation and had de- 
 voted a vast amount of time and labor and research to 
 a thorough study of the subject and to the operation of 
 the system in other lands. The bill met with powerful 
 and stubborn opposition from the very outset, and every 
 inch of its progress was vigorously contested. But 
 nothing could withstand the force, eloquence and per- 
 
 sistence with which he urged it, and none could suc- 
 cessfully controvert the facts, figures and logic with 
 which he so ably defended it. And finally the victory 
 was won and he enjoyed the intense gratification of see- 
 ing this beneficient product of his creative genius, into 
 which he had thrown his whole heart, power and influ- 
 ence, become a law of the land. He also lived to see 
 the benignant system in successful operation throughout 
 the nation and to receive praise for the great work 
 which he had accomplished for the good of the people 
 in general. The law has already amply vindicated the 
 statesmanship and foresight of its author and has be- 
 •come a fixed and vital part of our government policy, 
 one which no power or influence can ever repeal. Its 
 enactment was the climax, the crowning act of Senator 
 Carter’s brilliant legislative career and will stand, as a 
 lasting and worthy monument to his name and fame.” 
 
 In 1901 President McKinley voluntarily appointed Sen- 
 ator Carter commissioner of the Louisiana Purchase 
 E.xposition, in St. Louis, and upon the assembling of 
 the board of commissioners the Senator was chosen 
 president, a position which he acceptably filled. In 
 March, 1911, Senator Carter became chairman of the 
 American section of the newly created International 
 Joint Commission, especially charged with the adjust- 
 ment of Canadian boundary matters, and death came to 
 him before he had been able to discharge the duties 
 of this new post, which he had assumed with character- 
 istic vigor and earnestness. 
 
 At the time of the' death of Senator Carter the fol- 
 lowing editorial appeared in the columns of the 'Wash- 
 ington Post: “Former Senator Carter was one of the 
 best beloved men in public life. His manner was so 
 hearty, his wit was so sharp and yet sharp in such a 
 kindly way, that all his fellows loved him. He was a 
 big, brave-hearted fighter, unafraid and untrammeled 
 except by his own strong principles. He went down 
 fighting. In all his life he never sought cyclone cellars. 
 His masterful grasp of political affairs was shown in 
 the manner in which he brought about the nomination 
 of Harrison over Blaine; that Harrison was not elected 
 was no fault of Tom Carter’s. His usefulness was not 
 over. II is death, coming so unexpectedly, leaves not 
 only Washington and Montana but also the whole coun- 
 try with a sense of shock and personal loss.” Solemn 
 high mass of requiem was celebrated at St. Paul’s church, 
 Roman Catholic, in the city of Washington, and, in 
 conformity with the previously expressed wishes of the 
 deceased, the services were simple and unostentatious. 
 The remains of Montana’s loved and distinguished son 
 were laid to rest in beautiful Mount Olive cemetery, in 
 the national capital. He was a devout communicant of 
 the Catholic church, as is also Mrs. Carter. Prior to 
 touching, and with consistent brevit}q the ideal domestic 
 chapter in the life history of Senator Carter, there is 
 all of consistency in perpetuating in this enduring form 
 further sentiments from the memorial address delivered 
 by Hon. Lee Mantle : 
 
 “He was one of the most affable and approachable men 
 in public life, wholly without vanity on the score of the 
 great honors which were his. Fie was born and reared 
 among the common people, — that element of American 
 citizenship which the great Lincoln loved so well. He 
 was familiar with their lives ; he knew their ways, their 
 thoughts and feelings and was in sympathy with their 
 hopes and aspirations. He was equally at ease on a 
 cattle ranch on Montana’s plains or the floor of the 
 senate of the United States ; in some old prospector’s 
 cabin in the hills or in the company of the chief justice 
 of the supreme court of the nation. No man enjoying 
 his exceptional honors and distinction was ever more 
 Democratic, more unassuming, or depended less for his 
 prestige and popularity upon the mere accessories of 
 official power and position. He strove tenaciously and 
 manfully for the reward which came to him, suffering 
 the ‘slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,’ which fre- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 915 
 
 quently found in him a shining mark, with patience and 
 fortitude. He was undismayed in defeat and magnan- 
 imous in victory, and no man was ever more ready or 
 willing to condone a personal injury or forgive a wrong. 
 
 “Senator Carter’s life was an unbroken record of un- 
 ceasing labor. His whole heart was ever in his work, 
 and he brought to it a combination of extraordinary 
 qualities such as are seldom found in one man. He 
 was of a philosophical mind and gave much thought to 
 the grave problems of life and death. He received the 
 end of life’s activities with the same philosophic calm 
 and fortitude with which he had met all its changing 
 fortunes and vicissitudes. He shared with the mass of 
 mankind that faith, hope and belief planted deep down 
 in the human heart by an all-wise Greater, in the im- 
 mortality of the soul.” 
 
 In the year 1886 was solemnized the marriage of 
 Senator Carter to Miss Ellen L. Galen, of Helena, and 
 she survives him, as do also their two sons. Mrs. Carter 
 is a daughter of the late Hugh Galen, one of the well 
 known and highly honored pioneers of Montana and a 
 resident of Helena at the time of his death. Mrs. Carter 
 is a woman of distinctive culture and marked social 
 graciousness, and is possessed of much musical and liter- 
 ary talent. She has been a leader in the representa- 
 tive social activities of Helena, a city endeared to her 
 by many hallowed associations and memories, and has 
 been a prominent and popular figure in the social life 
 of the national capital, where she still passes much of 
 her time. She is specially active in connection with 
 religious and charitable organizations in the city of 
 Washington, where, she is vice-president of the Christ 
 Child Society, a member of the board of trustees of 
 Providence hospital, as well as that of the Children’s 
 Guardian, a municipal organization, and that of the 
 Work for Poor Churches. In 1912 Mrs. Carter was 
 elected president of the National Federation of Catholic 
 Women’s Charitable Organizations, and she is also 
 president of the auxiliary board of Trinity College, in 
 Washington. In the national capital she is a member 
 and liberal supporter of the Catholic parish of St. 
 Paul’s church. John Galen Carter, the elder of the two 
 sons, was born at Helena, on the i8th of January, 1891, 
 and he is now a member of the class of 1914 in George- 
 town University, at Georgetown, D. C. In 1912 he re- 
 ceived his first political honors in Montana, by serving 
 as a delegate to the Republican county convention of 
 Lewis and Clark countjq and as a delegate to the state 
 Republican convention. Hugh Thomas, the younger 
 son. was born at Helena on the i8th of August, 1^2, 
 and he likewise is a member of the class of 1914 in 
 Georgetown University. 
 
 John Walker Stanton. During more than a quar- 
 ter of a century of active connection with the bar of 
 Great Falls, John Walker Stanton has attained a dis- 
 tinctive position as a lawyer and easily stands among the 
 leaders of his profession in the state of Montana. His 
 career has been one in which his own ability has played 
 a conspicuous part, and he has always relied upon the 
 forces of his own mentality and character rather than 
 upon artifice or pretense for his advancement, and the 
 recognition of these qualities brought him to his high 
 place of esteem among the people of Great Falls and 
 many other sections of Montana. 
 
 John Walker Stanton was born on a farm near Cover- 
 dale, Indiana, on March 31, 1861. His ancestry, originally 
 English and Scotch Irish, goes back in America to the 
 time of the Revolution, in which one or more of his 
 family took part as soldiers in the Continental line. His 
 parents were Thomas and Mary (Walker) Stanton. 
 His grandparents came from Virginia, locating in Ten- 
 nessee, where Mr. Stanton’s father lived until moving 
 to Indiana. The mother was born in Ohio. Her 
 death occurred when the son John W. was seven years 
 old, and he was still in his teens when left an orphan 
 
 Vol. II— 5 
 
 by the death of his father. Fortune thus laid upon him 
 at an early age, the necessity of providing for him- 
 self, and preparing for a larger career of usefulness. 
 His education was attained in the Indiana public 
 schools, during a brief attendance at high school, and 
 he studied in short hand and business and normal 
 colleges for brief terms, but was always his own 
 chief instructor in books. Brought up on a farm, he 
 had the wholesome and vigorous environment of country 
 life, and perhaps the most satisfactory accomplishment 
 of his whole career has been the fact that from boy- 
 hood he has done more than pull his own weight. 
 While on the farm he performed the chores and other 
 duties while attending high school two and a half 
 miles away, a distance which he walked every day. 
 
 In April, 1882, Mr. Stanton then twenty-one years 
 of age made a trip up the Missouri River by steam- 
 boat to old Fort Benton. It was this visit which de- 
 termined him to make Montana his future home. Re- 
 turning to the central states he took up the study of 
 law in Indiana and Missouri, and was admitted to the 
 bar at Sedalia in the latter state January 30, 1886. 
 On August 13, 1886, having arrived in Montana, he 
 was admitted to practice before the supreme court 
 of the territory. Some months later, in March, 1887, 
 Mr. Stanton opened his law office at Great Falls, and 
 has been continuously identified with his profession 
 in that city ever since. When Great Falls was in- 
 corporated as a city in 1887, he was elected the first 
 city attorney. From May, 1905, to the same month in 
 igii, he again served in that office. In politics he has 
 voted the Democratic ticket, since the early eighties, 
 and was an influential factor during the campaigns of 
 Mr. Bryan and Mr. Wilson for the presidency. 
 
 At Great Falls, September 17, 1891, occurred the 
 marriage of Mr. Stanton to Miss Lulu Burghardt, of 
 Chicago. Her father was George H. Burghardt, a 
 veteran of the Civil war and now deceased. Her 
 mother is Lucy A. Burghardt, now a resident of 
 San Francisco. Mr. and Mrs. Stanton have a most 
 felicitous home life, and through twenty-two years 
 they have rejoiced in the beauty of an undimmed matri- 
 monial sky. His home has been the object of Mr. 
 Stanton’s first thought and care, and to the companion- 
 ship existing between himself and wife have also been 
 added the blessing of four chldren, who are still living: 
 Misses Pansy, Lucy, and Viola, and Willard Quincy 
 Stanton. In the winter of 1912-13 Mr. and Mrs. Stan- 
 ton traveled extensively in Japan, China and the Philip- 
 pines. The family are members of the First Congrega- 
 tional church of Great Falls. Fraternally Mr. Stanton 
 is well known in the Orders of Masonry, Woodmen 
 of the World, Modern Woodmen of America, the 
 Maccabees, and especially among the Knights of 
 Pythias. In 1910 he attended the convention of the 
 Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias held at 
 Milwaukee, and again at Denver in 1912, as supreme 
 representative from Montana. He was a member of 
 important committees, and took an active part in the 
 affairs of the order, especially in framing legislation 
 for an order which comprises seven hundred and sev- 
 enty-five thousand members in the United States. 
 
 Joseph N. Ireland. With the exception of the ac- 
 counts of exploration and discovery, the operations 
 of the old fur-trading companies and similar activities, 
 the history of Idaho’s substantial and real develop- 
 ment might well be condensed in a period of half a 
 century. Fifty years ago there were only a military and 
 trading post and a few mining camps and prospectors 
 in all the territory of Idaho. It is remarkable, how- 
 ever, that only a very few living men have been per- 
 sonal witnesses and actors in this half-century era of 
 historical progress. Those who sought fortune and 
 adventure in Idaho during the early sixties were the 
 pioneers of pioneers, and it is with more than ordinary 
 
916 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 interest that the modern reader will peruse the details 
 of a career which has continued from that time down 
 to the present. One of these old settlers whose con- 
 temporaries were the gold-hunters who were first at- 
 tracted into Idaho was Mr. Joseph N. Ireland, now 
 vice-president of the First National Bank of Pocatello, 
 but in the main living retired after his long and active 
 career. Mr. Ireland knew practically all the early 
 men of this country, and there is no better informed 
 man anywhere concerning the history, the resources 
 and the general character of southern Idaho. He 
 lived and had his part in those stirring days, which 
 were so remarkable for their individualism and also 
 for their helpful cooperation, and he not only wit- 
 nessed but took part in the formation of those agencies 
 which were preliminary to the establishment of formal 
 Civil government in the northwest country. 
 
 Mr. Ireland was born in Calvert county, Maryland, 
 May 15, 1839, a son of Thomas and Rebecca (Wilson) 
 Ireland. The old homestead where both father and 
 grandfather were born was in Calvert county, some 
 sixty miles below Baltimore, and now belongs to Philip 
 Ireland, a nephew of Joseph N. Ireland. The earlier 
 members of the family gave service during the Revo- 
 lutionary war, so that the stock is long established 
 in America. The father died in 1847 at the age of 
 fifty and the mother also a native of Maryland died 
 in 1857, aged fifty-seven. Joseph N. Ireland attended 
 the district school near his home, and at the age of 
 fourteen was sent to Baltimore to learn the saddlers’ 
 trade. Eight years later he resolved that the West 
 should furnish him his opportunity and by a long trip 
 across the Middle West reached Omaha, Nebraska. 
 That was then the frontier outfitting point for travel 
 into the Northwest. As soon as possible he joined an 
 immigrant train, which left June 14, 1862, and which 
 was three months enroute. When it arrived in what 
 is now Bannack county, Idaho, the party split up and 
 Mr. Ireland, with H. Plendee and his wife, the latter 
 having been the first woman to go into the mines of 
 Montana proceeded to the new diggings. When Mr. 
 Ireland and his companions reached Beaver Head, Mon- 
 tana, a man named William Gibson came to the camp 
 on trail to advise them of the discovery of gold by 
 himself and others in a creek they named Grasshopper, 
 which is now Bannack, Montana. His object in coming 
 to the trail was to induce immigrants to come to the 
 camp, this he did by posting a placard on the trail 
 giving the direction to the mines. The destination of 
 immigrants was Oregon, particularly Florence on 
 Salmon River and Frazier River, B. C. Buffalo Gulch 
 in the Bannack region was named by Mr. Ireland, and 
 he and his companions got some gold there. 
 
 It will be much more interesting to follow Mr. 
 Ireland’s adventures in the new country through the 
 medium of his own reminiscences covering the time 
 he started West, until about 1874 or 1875. These recol- 
 lections of an old pioneer present a very vivid account 
 of social conditions and law and order as maintained in 
 the early mining camps, and this history of Idaho con- 
 tains no more illuminating factor in those few years 
 than the following account from the words of Mr. Ire- 
 land. He says : 
 
 “I crossed the plains in 1862, left Omaha, June 14, 
 and arrived at a place about twenty miles from where 
 Bannack City, Montana, now is on the twenty-ninth 
 of August. They had just discovered gold there. One 
 of the discoverers came out to the immigrant road and 
 struck our camp telling us of the find, and Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hendee and myself left the outfit and went to the 
 camp. Montana did not exist, and Washington terri- 
 tory at the time extended as far east as the Nebraska 
 line. The men who discovered the gold on Grass- 
 hopper were Colonel McClain, first delegate to congress 
 from the territory of Montana, Washington Stapleton, 
 William Gibson, a man named Root and another called 
 
 David, and another whose name was Dance. Within 
 the next thirty days about thirty more men came in. 
 About that time the Bannack Indians came in on us, 
 about four or five hundred warriors, with Winnemutta 
 as their chief. He was the great Piute chief. The 
 most of the Indians wanted to drive us out of the 
 country or kill us, but Winnemutta prevailed on them 
 to let us go and told them if they killed us more white 
 men would come out to avenge our deaths than there 
 was grass on the meadow where we were then. We 
 parleyed with them about three or four days, and they 
 agreed to let us stay, providing we dig the gold and 
 leave the country the next year, and not raise any wheat 
 which meant farming with the Indians. We had to 
 give them the larger portions of the supplies we had. 
 We invited them to come back that way in the spring, 
 and trade their furs with us. During the parley with 
 the Indians, the peace-pipe was smoked, Indians and 
 white men taking their turn at the pipe as it was passed 
 around the circle. There were two or more circles 
 smoking at the same time. The Indians were then 
 going on a buffalo hunt in the Yellowstone. 
 
 “In April or May of 1863 they came back, seeming 
 friendly, and camped about four or five miles from 
 Bannack. In the meantime Bannack had grown to 
 have a population of about five hundred, principally 
 men, among them many tough characters. Instead of 
 leaving the country as we had promised, a band prin- 
 cipally of these toughs was organized to attack the 
 Indians in the night and kill them all and capture 
 their ponies and furs. The attack was to be made 
 between twelve o’clock and daylight, while they were 
 asleep in their wickiups. A half-breed Indian and a 
 Frenchman learned of the plan and told the Indians, and 
 they were lying along the Creek waiting for the at- 
 tack. The leader of the attacking party and most of 
 his men got drunk before the hour set for the attack 
 and the plan fell through. The next day the Indians 
 were a little shy, but some of them came into town, 
 Buck Simpson, Hayes Lyons, Skinner and others of 
 the same kind (these men were hung by the vigiliant 
 committee the next year) fired into the Indians on 
 the street and killed two or three of them, and the 
 Indians left the country, killing one man by the name 
 of Guy on their way out. 
 
 “The winter of 1862-63 was a very dreary one in 
 Bannack. One of the first men who came in after the 
 Indians had taken our supplies was Mr. Woodmansee 
 of Salt Lake, with three or four wagonloads of pro- 
 visions, principally bacon, beans, and black flour. Al- 
 though of poor quality, the people bought all he had. 
 We built a few log cabins and fixed for the winter. 
 We were snow-bound from the last of November until 
 about April. A man named Hod Conover agreed to 
 go to Salt Lake and take the mail, if we could assure 
 him of two hundred and fifty letters, at two dollars 
 and a half per letter. This did not seem an exorbitant 
 price. During the winter a few stragglers came in. 
 Poker playing was the chief occupation. Beans were 
 used for chips, and gold dust was our money. The 
 monotony of the winter was broken by the killing of 
 a man named Cleveland, by Henry Plummer. It was 
 reported that Cleveland was a horse thief, so nothing 
 was done with Plummer. But only twO or three weeks 
 later a man by the name of Kossuth was killed and 
 three wounded, John Burnett, Sam Ellis and another. 
 The trouble came over an Indian squaw that a man 
 named Moore had bought, making payment in a pair of 
 blankets. The squaw went back to her father, but 
 the blankets were not returned. Moore and Reeves 
 went in the night to the Indian camp and fired at the 
 tent and killed a white man, and wounded three others 
 who had gone into see what the trouble was about. 
 Before morning Moore and Reeves found that it was 
 best for them to leave the country, and Plummer got 
 alarmed and went with them. Walker Lear and a 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 917 
 
 man named Higgins and one or two others followed 
 them up. The snow was so deep they could not get 
 away and Lear and Higgins with their companions 
 arrested Moore, Reeves and Plummer and brought 
 them back. A miners’ meeting was called and a trial 
 held and they were acquired. After the acquittal they 
 spotted every man who had had anything to do with 
 their arrest. There seemed to be a general under- 
 standing in the country at that time when two people 
 had had trouble, and they parted, the ne.xt time they 
 met one or the other had to die, so Plummer and 
 Crawford got to carrying guns for each other. Craw- 
 ford happened to get the first chance and shot Plummer 
 in the arm. After Plummer got well Crawford kept 
 himself concealed until he could get out of the country, 
 and never came back. 
 
 “There was no law in the country. If a man owed 
 you money and did not want to pay, you might have 
 to collect it at the muzzle of a gun, and it was often 
 done. In part, it was the only way to make a col- 
 lection. Highwaymen were numerous, even operating 
 by day, and warned their victims that if they ‘peached’ 
 they would meet death at the hands of some of the 
 band. Towards spring seven men started out to pros- 
 pect, Bill Fairweather, Barney Hughes, Tom Coover, 
 Edgar, Harry Rodgers, Bill Sweeney and George Orr, 
 George Orr was taken sick and stopped at Deer Lodge 
 with some half breed. The others went out to the 
 Yellowstone country. The Indians took nearly everj-- 
 thing they had and drove them out of the country. 
 On their way back they discovered Alder Gulch, said 
 to be the richest gulch of placer mining that ever was 
 discovered in the world. They prospected the gulch 
 and each man located a discovery claim of one hun- 
 dred feet up and down the creek both sides, and one 
 hundred feet of a preemption claim, thus giving each 
 man two hundred feet. These men came back to 
 Bannack and told what they had found and on the 
 seventh of June, 1863, they went in with a stampede 
 about seventy-five men, I among them. We all rushed 
 up the creek to see who would get the next claim. 
 As soon as a claim was located the next thing was 
 to get sluice boxes to wash the gold. Lumber had 
 to be sawed by hand, and cost fifty cents a running 
 foot. 
 
 “During the summer people came in from all di- 
 rections, attracted by the reports of the rich pros- 
 pects, and by fall there were at least five thousand 
 people living here. 
 
 “There was a band of road-agents organized in 1863 
 in Bannack. A man by the name of Dillington joined 
 them for the purpose of betraying them. He learned 
 they were about to rob a man by the name of Todd, 
 and informed the latter. Mr. Tood, who knew some 
 of the men belonging to this band foolishly asked them 
 if they had intended to rob him. The men, of course, 
 denied it, and asked him where he got his information, 
 and he said Dillingham was the source of it. Dilling- 
 ham was in Alder Gulch at the time. The men left 
 Bannack and came to Alder after him and found him 
 sitting in a circle of men. I was in that circle. They 
 called him out, saying they wanted to see him. He 
 had hardly gone twenty feet, when they shot him. Buck 
 Stimpson, Charlie Forbes, and Hayes Lyons were the 
 men who called Dillingham out and shot him, Charlie 
 Forbes being the man who fired the fatal shot. The 
 sheriff and the deputies were themselves all highway- 
 men. The killers of Dillingham were arrested, and 
 a miners’ meeting called. An attorney by the name of 
 A. P. H. Smith defended and he got the miners to 
 try Forbes by himself. Forbes claiming to a Southern 
 man from New Orleans asserted that Dillingham had 
 charged the former with being a highwayman which 
 was more than this Southern gentleman would stand. 
 The camps being stocked with a good many Seces- 
 sionists who had left Missouri and other states, the 
 sentiment was in favor of Forbes, and they cleared 
 
 him. Then they tried the other two men and con- 
 victed them, built the scaffold and dug the grave. At 
 that point the attorney got the miners to take another 
 vote. This you remember was right in sight of the 
 gallows and graves. In the first point it was claimed a 
 mistake had been made. When about two-thirds of the 
 vote had been counted on the second ballot there 
 was a cry raised that the prisoners were cleared, and 
 in the excitement the outlaws were put on horses and 
 rode out of the country. 
 
 “I left Alder Gulch in the fall and came to Bannack, 
 and just after I reached there the miners hung a little 
 Irishman for killing a man named Keeley. The Irish- 
 man had committed the murder for money. In Alder 
 Gulch a man named George Ives killed a young fellow 
 for his money, and the miners’ meeting convened and 
 hung Ives and on the strength of this affair a vigilance 
 committee was formed that winter and twenty-five or 
 thirty of these highwaymen were hung. Among them 
 was the sheriff, Henry Plummer, Deputy Sheriff Jack 
 Gallagher, Skinner, Buck Stimpson, Hayes Lawrence, 
 Ned Ray, Boone Hellem, Bill Hunter. A Mexican was 
 shot to death by the vigilantes for killing one of their 
 number. After shooting the Mexican they pulled down 
 his cabin and put his body on the pile, set fire to them 
 all, and burned the whole thing. Slade was also hung, 
 but he was not a highwayman, but a dangerous man 
 in the community.” 
 
 In the meantime having accumulated a considerable 
 fortune in nuggets and free gold, Mr. Ireland in the 
 fall of 1863 returned to Omaha, he and his partners 
 driving a wagon overland to Salt Lake City, and thence 
 east to Omaha, where the proceeds of their ventures 
 were carefully deposited. In the spring of 1864 Air. 
 Ireland once more went into the western country and 
 located at Fort Hall, which was the first military post 
 in Idaho territory, having been established in i86g. 
 Here once more we take up the personal narrative and 
 description of his own adventures and conditions in 
 Idaho territory for the next year or so. 
 
 “The first government stage was put on in the sum- 
 mer of 1864 to carry the mail from Salt Lake to Alon- 
 tana, and from Fort Hall to Boise. It was called the 
 main line to Alontana, and to Boise was a branch line. 
 There had been a private mail line 'from Alontana 
 to Salt Lake owned by Oliver and Conover, but when 
 the government line was put on they took their stages 
 off and ran them to different camps in Montana. The 
 government contract was let to Ben Holliday. The 
 first stage robbery was near Pocatello in 1863. The 
 station was on Pocatello Creek and about two miles 
 south of the creek in a little hollow the robbery oc- 
 curred. The robbers were led by a man named Brocky 
 Jack. They got about six or seven thousand dollars 
 from the passengers. .A. man named Jack Hughes 
 from Denver had most of the money. Hughes com- 
 plained to Brocky Jack that not enough had been left 
 him to pa}- for his meals back to Denver, so Brocky 
 Jack very liberally returned him twenty dollars in 
 order to get home. 
 
 “The first winter after the establishment of the 
 government stage line there was a great deal of trouble 
 in getting the mail through. The contract for building 
 the station on the Boise branch and putting up the 
 hay for the winter was left to James Lockett for so 
 many dollars per ton, and so many dollars for the 
 building of each station. Lockett was a hard-working 
 industrious man. When the paymaster from the East 
 came along he paid Lockett in greenback dollars, which 
 at that time were worth but forty-five cents on the 
 dollar in New York, and in this country they were 
 used only as curiosities, men lighting their cigars with 
 them, and pasting them up’ over the bars and similar 
 facetious uses of them were made. Getting paid in 
 greenbacks cut down Lockett's price more than half. 
 The result of that settlement was that Lockett and his 
 friends burned up the hay at the stations, so that there 
 
918 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 was nothing for the stock to eat, and the carrying of 
 the mail to Boise failed on that account. Most of 
 the men remained on the road and took care of the 
 stock as best they could, but there was no provisions 
 for them and they had to live on the barley which 
 had been brought in for the mules. There were some 
 game that could have been gotten if the men had been 
 prepared to hunt, but most of them only had six- 
 shooters. On the mainline to Montana they got through 
 a stage occasionally. The Indians were not on the 
 war path, but they stole a good many mules to kill and 
 eat. The snow was not so deep hut that a mule or 
 horse could pick his living, but the range was so poor 
 that the mules would not be strong enough to pull 
 a stage. There were two Indians who pretended to be 
 friendly, and said they would tell the whites when 
 the Indians were coming to steal, but in reality they 
 were spies. These Indians hung around King Hill 
 Station on Snake River, where Tom Oakley stayed 
 most of the winter. The Redmen were about the sta- 
 tion a good deal, and finally one day while he still had 
 some beans left, Tom was boiling some for dinner, and 
 when they were about half done they scorched. He 
 was about to throw them out when an Indian came 
 and he gave them to the latter. The Indian gorged 
 himself, and in about two hours died of indigestion. 
 
 “In the spring Pete McManis, the division agent, came 
 through from Boise, trying to get the mail through. 
 When he reached King Hill, he told the assistant 
 division agent Oakley to go along with him. A man 
 called Yank and myself were at Iving Ilill that winter, 
 and we were to follow them, but first Oakley told Yank 
 to take the oxen and haul out a wagon that had mired 
 down near the camp the fall before. Yank took the 
 oxen and in trying to get out the wagon they mired 
 down. Oakley saw from the road what had happened 
 and came back to the station. In the meantime the 
 other Indian, of the two spies, had come in with a 
 prairie hen that he wanted to trade for something. I 
 told him to see Oakley, I was not the station agent. 
 Oakley came up just then vexed at having to come 
 back and told the Indian to get out of the door. The 
 latter did not move, and Oakley took him by the lapel 
 of the coat and jerked him out. The men in the stage 
 called to him to shoot the Indian, and Oakley pulled 
 out his gun and was going to do so, but I said ‘don't 
 kill him,’ and he put up his gun and told the Indian 
 to get off the place. The Indian went very sulkily, and 
 the witnesses once more called out, ‘Why don't you 
 kill him?’ and then Oakley pulled out his gun and shot 
 the Indian dead. Just at that moment the oxen came 
 up with the log chain dragging behind them, having 
 e.xtricated themselves' out of the mudhole. Oakley said, 
 ‘Here Yank put the log chain around the Indian’s 
 neck, and drag him away from the station.’ Yank 
 obeyed orders, and hitched on the oxen and dragged 
 the body off. It was all done as if it was a matter of 
 business. Oakley was not a bad man, but he hated 
 a thief, and ke knew these Indians were stealing the 
 mules or helping other Indians to steal tiiem. 
 
 “In 1865 the stage line was changed from over Bannack 
 Mountain to Portneuf Canyon, and in the fall a stage 
 robbery occurred in Portneuf Canyon, at which sixty- 
 thousand dollars was obtained by the robbers and 
 four men were killed and one wounded. Lockett de- 
 termined to get even with Holliday on account of being 
 paid in greenbacks instead of gold for building the 
 stage stations, and providing the hay for the stage lines. 
 Holliday had a partner named William L. Halsey, a 
 banker of Salt Lake. Llalsey was expected to go 
 through on the stage from Helena to Salt Lake, taking 
 with him one hundred and fifty thousand dollars in 
 money. Lockett resolved to rob the stage the day 
 Halsey was on. The driver stood in with Lockett and 
 was to give the information as to when Halsey would 
 be through. Halsey feared he would be robbed and 
 hurried through the stages he was on until he got 
 
 twelve hours ahead of schedule. The robbers not look- 
 ing for him so early, he and his treasure escaped with- 
 out danger. Lockett being disappointed in this venture, 
 determined then to rob the stage when there was an- 
 other lot of money on board. There was a St. Louis 
 firm that had a branch business in Helena. One of 
 the partners had been killed by another man named 
 McCausland, and the other St. Louis partner, David 
 Dinan came out to settle up matters and bring back 
 the money. It was known that a large sum was handled, 
 and the stage driver notified Lockett of the coming! 
 When the stage reached a narrow place in the canyon 
 about twelve or fifteen miles south of Pocatello, the 
 robbers who were hidden in the willows held up the 
 stage. The passengers were all sitting with their guns 
 pointing out of the stage, and as soon as they saw the 
 robbers they shot over them, and then the highwaymen 
 began firing and killed McCausland, Dinan and Law- 
 rence Merse. The fourth man I do not recall by name. 
 Ihe driver, of course, was uninjured and none of the 
 robbers were hurt. There were five in the gang. 
 Frank Williams was the driver, .and one of the passen- 
 gers named Carpenter escaped without injury.” 
 
 When Mr. Ireland returned to Idaho in the spring 
 of 1864, he became one of the contractors for Ben 
 Holliday, and helped to build the first stage station 
 along the Holliday line. The most noted of these was 
 Fort Flail, two miles from which site had previously 
 stood the old Hudson’s Bay Company’s post. He was 
 engaged more or less in this building and contracting 
 from 1864 to 1870, and then got into the cattle business, 
 and he was one of the first cattlemen in this section 
 of Idaho. The first cattle that he used in stocking the 
 range were driven up from Texas, and were the typical 
 Texas longhorn. Mr, Ireland became successful as a 
 cattle raiser, and afterwards sold hundreds of head to 
 Mr. Swift of the Swift Packing Company. 
 
 Probably no other living resident of Idaho has a 
 longer and broader view of the basic industrial activity 
 whicfi have made the wealth of the Gem State than 
 Mr. Ireland. Fortunate in his early mining adventures, 
 and meeting with similar success in ranching he con- 
 tinued to give his personal superintendence to his large 
 interests in stock and lands until 1905, when failing 
 eyesight caused him to retire. For thirty years the 
 home and business headquarters of Mr. Ireland were 
 at Malad City, where all his children were born. He 
 sold his ranch there more than twenty years ago, and 
 about fifteen years ago bought stock in the First Na- 
 tional Bank of Pocatello. In 1905 he moved to the 
 latter city, and took the place of vice president in 
 the list of officers of the bank. Soon after moving to 
 Pocatello he was elected as vice president of the bank, 
 became a director in the Standrod and Company State 
 Bank of Blackfoot, a director in the J. N. Ireland & 
 Company State Bank in Malad, is a director in the 
 Commercial National Bank at Ogden, Utah, and has 
 stock in other banks. Mr. Ireland’s first marriage was 
 celebrated in 1877 at Baltimore when Miss Virginia 
 Yateman became his wife. She died at Malad, Idaho, 
 in 1888, leaving two daughters, Mrs. John P. Congdon 
 of Boise, who was born in Malad in 1878 and has two 
 children, John Ireland Congdon and Nathaniel Ward 
 Congdon; and Ethelinda, now Mrs. Dr. Frank Sprague, 
 born at Malad in 1888, and a resident of Bellingham, 
 Washington. Mr. Ireland was married the second time 
 at Baltimore in October, 1905, to Miss Phillipina Stans- 
 bury. His church is the Methodist. He has always 
 been a Republican in politics, and during the territorial 
 period served as a member of the Idaho legislature. 
 
 Ela Collins Waters. The lives of few Montana 
 citizens contain so much of dramatic interest as that 
 of Ela Collins Waters, who for more than thirty years 
 has played the part of a man of big affairs in this state. 
 His record is a true human document, and illustrates 
 much that has been characteristic of the period of en- 
 
; 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 919 
 
 terprise and action which filled in the half century from 
 the Civil war to modern times. 
 
 Ela Collins Waters was born IMay 5 . 1849, at Martins- 
 burg, Lewis county, New York. His father, Homer 
 Collins Waters, was a farmer and stock raiser in early 
 life and later on in the lumber business at Fond du 
 Lac, Wisconsin. His mother's maiden name was Ade- 
 line Rockwell, who was born in Connecticut. She was 
 a descendant of Jonathan Trumbull. The family moved 
 out to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, in 1849, where the 
 mother married a second time several years after the 
 death of Mr. Waters, becoming the wife of William M. 
 Alsever. There were five Waters children and two 
 Alsevers, the family being named : Kelsey Theodore, 
 Ela Collins, Josephine Arvilla, Emma Augusta and 
 Homer Merton. The two Alsever children were Mon- 
 roe and Adeline. 
 
 The education of IVIr. Waters was obtained in the 
 public schools at Fond du Lac until 1864. After his 
 return from the war he attended Ripon College and a 
 select school where he studied the primary grammar 
 and college courses, such as Latin, history, algebra, 
 etc., but left school before graduating. By his elders 
 young Waters was called a wild, headstrong boy, who 
 would rather play than study. His mind was more on 
 marbles, kite flying, swimming, and raising chickens 
 than on books,' though he could learn easily enough 
 when he applied his mind to the task. He was very 
 much afraid that something might happen which he 
 would not see. As a boy he was somewhat pugnacious. 
 He was expelled from school many times for these 
 traits. He could never keep still in school, and it is 
 still one of his physical characteristics. 
 
 He was turned out of school during the winter of 
 1863-64 and enlisted in the army, but was declined, since 
 he was a very slim lad. In the spring of 1864 he went 
 in as a drummer boy and was accepted, being mustered 
 in on April 15, 1864, and serving until the end of the 
 war. The colonel of the regiment offered him for his 
 meritorious conduct a lieutenancy, which he refused be- 
 fore he was sixteen years of age. In an account writ- 
 ten and published in a Wisconsin paper. Colonel Pier 
 after assigning credit to various other men in his regi- 
 ment concluded with the assertion “a braver lad than 
 Ela Waters never lived.” The lieutenant of his com- 
 pany (A. A. Dye) in a letter which is somewhat con- 
 densed in form for publication here wrote : “Captain 
 E. C. Waters of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, served in 
 my company, ‘A’ ThirW-eighth Wisconsin 'Volunteer 
 Infantry, during the War of the Rebellion and he was 
 an unusually brave and faithful soldier. Although a 
 musician and not required to bear arms, he went into 
 every fight and carried a musket in every engagement in 
 which the regiment participated. 
 
 “I well remember that on March 25, 1865, when 
 General Lee endeavored to break through our lines in 
 front of Petersburg and opened a terrific engagement 
 by the capture of Fort Stedman, that young Waters 
 got permission of our captain to go to that part of our 
 line, some four miles to our right, and that he carried 
 a gun and fought on the firing line until the fort was 
 recaptured. Though only fourteen years of age he did 
 the service of a grown soldier and was always faithful 
 and brave. No one can doubt that he deserves well 
 at the hands of a government he so faithfully served 
 at that trying period.” 
 
 His career during the succeeding years will be told 
 largely in the words in which i\Ir. Waters described it 
 to the interviewer, since his own language is more in- 
 esting than any paraphrase could be : “After leaving 
 
 Ripon College I was in the sewing machine business 
 for a year. Made $2,400 and spent $3,200 and was in 
 debt $800 at the end of the year. I also bought cattle 
 and sheep, froze them up and shipped them to 
 northern Michigan and made money. Then I went to 
 Cheyenne, Wyoming, in 1868. From a bed of sick- 
 ness (mountain fever) I loaned my supposed friend 
 
 from my home $250, all the money I had. He imme- 
 diately took the train for Frisco and left me there 
 penniless, and I was glad to pawn what I had in order 
 to live until I recovered my health and strength, which 
 I did, and worked for the Union Pacific Railroad Com- 
 pany building snow sheds. I made some money, paid 
 up my debts, and in the spring of 1869 with one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five other men started for the Big 
 Horn mountains to gather gold by the cartload at or 
 near the Last Cabin Claim if we could find it. The 
 Indians were bad that year, and they corralled the outfit 
 in the Wind River valley, where they held our outfit 
 for some time until the United States government sent 
 troops who helped drive the Indians off. I was shot 
 in the leg and taken back to Cheyenne, where I re- 
 mained in the hospital for some time. Finally the bul- 
 let was extracted and I returned to Fond du Lac, a 
 poorer but somewhat wiser man. 
 
 “Then I was clerk in a hotel at Beloit, Wisconsin, the 
 Goodwin House, for the very enticing salary of $16.00 
 per month, and came on duty at 9:30 A. M. and went 
 off duty at 3.00 A. M., getting about five or five and a 
 half hours’ sleep daily. This was while my foot and 
 leg was getting well and strong from the effects of 
 the revolver bullet. Then I secured a position on the 
 Chicago Board of Trade, which I held for a time, when 
 a letter from my dear mother informed me of the ill- 
 ness of my stepfather wdth fever and urged me to come 
 home and assist in caring for him, which I did, car- 
 ing for him seven weeks, most of the time night and 
 day, as well as for the other members of the family, 
 who were down with the same fever. My stepfather 
 
 died January i, 1870, and gave into my care his only 
 
 living child. Adeline Alsever, who was then about 
 
 three and a half years old, and he asked me to care for 
 and educate her, which I did. 
 
 “I then went traveling on the road for the Menasha 
 Woodenware Company, selling woodenware. They 
 failed after I had been with them about a year and 
 three months. I then went with a New York tea house, 
 and finally became interested in the company. For the 
 last few years there I made from $7,000 to $9,000 
 
 per year. In 1882 I went to Glendive, Montana, and 
 with Mr. Antone Klaus (one of God’s noblemen) built 
 the Morrell House,- a hotel that cost nearly $30,000. I 
 bought out Mr. Klaus in 1884 or 1885. In the mean- 
 time I was also in the cattle business in the eastern part 
 of Dawson county, and my cattle and Roosevelt’s cattle 
 were running some of them on the same range. In 
 the spring of 1885 I opened the Headquarters Hotel at 
 Billings, Montana, and ran the two hotels until the 
 fall of 188s, when my hotel at Glendive burned, I los- 
 ing $27,300. In the fall of 1886 I was elected to rep- 
 resent Yellowstone and Dawson counties in the upper 
 house of the Montana legislature, and during that win- 
 ter of 1886-87 we had the hard winter, and I lost a 
 large number of cattle, which meant the loss of a large 
 amount of money. During that same winter I was 
 elected as department commander of the Grand Army 
 of the Republic of Montana.” 
 
 In 1887 began the phase of Mr. 'Waters’ career which 
 proved the climax of his business experience and brings 
 his life down to the present time. In 1887 he was 
 made general manager of the Yellowstone Park Associa- 
 tion, vdiich association controlled the hotel and trans- 
 portation business in the Yellowstone National Park, this 
 company conducting eight hotels in the park. As gen- 
 eral manager of this association and eventually part 
 owner in the transportation company, which he helped 
 organize, Mr. Waters was closelv identified with the 
 entire business and also put the first steamboat on the 
 Yeljowstone Lake. After several years he gave up the 
 position of general manager and became president of 
 the Yellowstone Lake Boat Company, and directed the 
 fortunes of that company until the fall of 1908. He 
 also owned one-third of the Wyler Company and as- 
 sisted in organizing said company. 
 
920 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 In 1907 he was offered $300,000 for the property 
 and franchise of the boat company. The privilege of 
 carrying on the business was of course derived from 
 the federal government, whose consent had to be se- 
 cured for a continuance of the franchise under a new 
 lease at the expiration of the old lease. Mr. Waters 
 wrote the interior department and to President Roose- 
 velt requesting permission to sell the boat company 
 property, but never received any reply to his com- 
 munication. The refusal of Mr. Roosevelt and the 
 secretary of the interior to give any recognition to 
 the request of Mr. Waters for the transfer of the ! 
 franchise to the proposed purchasers caused the sale 
 to fall through. There was a clause in the boat com- 
 pany's lease about as follows : “At the end of ten years, 
 if so authorized by law, the secretary of the interior, 
 acting for the United States government, may purchase 
 the property of the Yellowstone Lake Boat Company, 
 price to be fixed by three appraisers, one chosen by 
 the government, one by the boat company, and the 
 third selected by the two so chosen. If they do not 
 purchase the property of the Yellowstone Lake Boat 
 Company, they will extend this lease for a period not 
 exceeding ten years with all the privileges in the new 
 lease contained in the old contract.” The facts in the 
 case showed that the administration refused either to 
 renew the lease or fulfill the terms of the contract thus 
 stated, and ordered the company to remove its -prop- 
 erty from the park. The entire equipment of boats, 
 docks, etc., at once became so much dead capital. It 
 is the opinion of Mr. Waters, based upon a large 
 amount of detailed evidence that cannot be reported 
 here, that the party seeking to get control of the whole 
 of the transportation business in the park and standing 
 in the favor of officials of the federal government, 
 used their influence to discontinue the boat company’s 
 franchise, and thus force a sale of the property at a 
 figure far below its cost value. Mr. Waters carried 
 on a futile fight for his propertv and former franchise 
 rights with the officials of two administrations, but in 
 the end was forced to accept $50,000 for the property, 
 whose original cost had been about $250,000, and for 
 which he had once been offered $,too,ooo. . 
 
 After these disastrous conclusions of the negotia- 
 tions, and when the $50,000 had been applied to satisfy 
 the boat company’s creditors, Mr. Waters was left 
 financially worth less than nothing, and had to wit- 
 ness the accumulations, of a lifetime swept away by 
 what he considered a monumental act of injustice. He 
 says ; “I was not allowed to see any charges made 
 against me or the boat company under Roosevelt’s ad- 
 ministration, and not until the Taft administration 
 came was I permitted to see them. Mr. Taft made 
 the statement in writing to Secretary Ballinger (so I 
 was informed by Taft’s personal friend) “that he 
 wanted him to see that Mr. Waters had absolute jus- 
 tice,” and at that time, I believe, he meant what he said, 
 but when he became informed of the powerful com- 
 bination against me he stated to Mr. Nicholas Long- 
 worth (so Mr. Waters was informed) “that $50,000 
 was enough for us to get for our plant.” 
 
 To those who follow the remarkable vicissitudes of 
 Mr. Waters in this fight, it will be interesting to know 
 that one of the most eminent lawyers and public men 
 in America took up the matter, unknown to Mr. 
 Waters, and used his brilliant ability in an endeavor 
 to secure what he believed was but simple justice for 
 this old Montana veteran. The lawyer in question was 
 Congressman W. Bourke Cochran of New York City. 
 Mr. Cochran made a thorough study of all the docu- 
 ments and evidences in the case, and wrote two letters 
 to the then president, Mr. Roosevelt. These letters 
 are of course too long to be included or quoted suffi- 
 ciently to indicate the trend of the argument, but the 
 following random paragraphs are inserted without fur- 
 ther comment. The first reads : “Your love of a square 
 
 deal,” Mr. Cochran thus opened his letter to the presi- 
 dent, “which I have appreciated for nearly a genera- 
 tion and which the whole world has learned to admire 
 during the last decade, encourages me to bring before 
 you what I regard as a grave injustice perpetrated — at 
 least contemplated — by the government through its 
 Interior Department against a deserving man and vet- 
 ieran of the Civil war.” Then in a subsequent letter 
 . appears the following : “All the testimony shows that 
 the transportation company and the officers of the 
 United States army concurred in wishing to drive him 
 (Mr. Waters) from the park. Whether their atti- 
 tude in this respect was just or unjust, it is undeniable 
 that for a long time he has stood alone, weak, poor 
 and aged, defending his possessions and his prospects 
 against what he concedes to be a combination of hos- 
 tility among army officers and greed of the transpor- 
 tation company. Where a man is condemned by the 
 unanimous or overwhelming sentiments of his own 
 neighborhood, I am always ready to accept the judg- 
 ment of the community as infallible. But Waters is 
 the object of sympathy, not condemnation, by his own 
 neighborhood. The men who dislike him and con- 
 demn him are not permanent, but temporary, residents 
 of the park. Humbler folks who live and labor there, 
 drivers of stages, subordinate porters of hotels, hos- 
 tlers and hall-boys were unanimous, so’ far as I could 
 discover, in expressing sympathy for Waters. Cap- 
 tain Waters says: That it was publicly stated that 
 Major Pitcher, superintendent of the park, or his wife, 
 was interested in the hotel or transportation company 
 or both. Thus, his hostility to the boat company.” 
 
 Mr. Cochran further says : “This attitude of dislike 
 apparently was passed on to his successors, each of 
 whom seems to have regarded it as a feature of duty 
 of his position. 
 
 “Thus, under date of August 16, 1909, Captain Pitcher, 
 acting superintendent of the park, in an indorse- 
 ment says of certain statements to Captain Waters, 
 referred to him by the Interior Department, T will 
 simply say that they are absolutely false, and Mr. 
 Waters knew they were false when he made them.’ 
 (See Ex. J. ) 
 
 “Captain Waters says he can prove the truth of any 
 statement he ever made to the department or any 
 superintendent of the park that Pitcher is not sup- 
 ported by all his predecessors in his statement. I 
 think he is not supported by any of them. 
 
 “On October 5, 1904, the same officer wrote : 
 
 " T believe I have recommended to the department 
 that the Yellowstone Park Transportation Company 
 be required to put a steamboat on the lake, to be run 
 in connection with their stages. I now strongly repeat 
 this recommendation, as this is the simplest means by 
 which the department can rid itself of Mr. Waters and 
 his boat company.’ 
 
 “June 6, 1903, he again recommends that competition 
 be allowed in the boat service for the express purpose 
 Of driving Waters from the park. (See Ex. i.) 
 
 “On August 18, 1902, Major Pit-cher addressed a letter 
 to Waters formally prohibiting him from asking any 
 person to take passage on his vessel, in these terms 
 
 “ ‘You are hereby directed to henceforth wholly desist 
 from soliciting any patronage or in any manner pre- 
 senting your business to any tourists upon the grounds 
 or within the tents or buildings of the Yellowstone 
 Park Association at the Thumb Station, or the Lake- 
 Hotel.’ (See Ex. J.) 
 
 “As the Lake Hotel and the Thumb Station are the 
 terminals of the boat service and therefore the only 
 place at which Waters could secure any passengers, this 
 order in effect was a direction that he abandon his busi- 
 ness. Unless he accosted passengers personally, they 
 would never be likely to hear of his service, or to 
 know that a passage on the lake by boat was open to 
 them. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 921 
 
 “As you are doubtless aware, nearly every visitor to 
 the park travels on a single ticket embracing several 
 coupons covering transportation between the different 
 points of interest, together with hotel accommodation 
 at the different stopping places. On none of these 
 tickets is there any mention of the lake trip by way of 
 Waters’ boat. Passengers are never likely to learn of 
 it, unless some agent of the steamboat meets them at 
 Thumb and urges them to purchase tickets. I speak 
 from personal knowledge. My own party would never 
 have crossed the lake by boat — and the very best feat- 
 ure of our trip to Yellowstone Park would have been 
 missed completely — if it had not been for the personal 
 meeting with Captain Waters. 
 
 “Under Major Pitcher's order, therefore, Captain 
 Waters must either sacrifice his business by refraining 
 from doing the one thing through which it could be 
 kept alive, or it would be destroyed forcibly by his 
 ejection from the park. Is it extraordinary that such 
 an order should have been interpreted by Captain 
 Waters as an attempt to paralyze his business, with a 
 view of having it fall into the hands of the transporta- 
 lion company? Very likely he indulged in strong 
 language and possibly he may have sought a motive 
 for what he conceived to be persecution in some as- 
 sumed understanding between the author of this notice 
 and the corporation which would be enriched by tlie 
 ruin which its enforcement must produce. This may 
 all be a source of regret, but not of surprise. 
 
 “Moreover, it must be remembered that Waters, as 
 we have seen, was not the only one among these war- 
 ring elements to use heated or intemperate words. 
 Whatever Waters may have been tempted to say or 
 do under what he believed to be great provocation, he 
 could scarcely have exceeded the vehemence of ex- 
 pression which characterizes the language of army 
 officers with respect to him, or the violence of Major 
 Pitcher’s course, at least in one respect. 
 
 “When I met Captain Waters in the Yellowstone, be- 
 sides many stories of ill usage which I considered 
 plausible, he told me one w'hich I rejected as utterly 
 improbable. I attributed it to misconstruction or ex- 
 aggeration of some neglect, real or fancied, on the party 
 of employes to give him at the hotel the service or 
 attention he believed to be his due. He charged that 
 the Yellowstone company in their warfare upon him, 
 had actually refused to receive him or the members 
 of his family at their hotels and this refusal had been 
 approved by Major Pitcher. Not until these papers 
 reached my hands and I found his statement confirmed 
 in writing over IMajor Pitcher's own signature, could 
 I realize that such a violation of elementary rights 
 had been suffered by any citizen at the hands of an 
 officer wearing the uniform of this government. (See 
 endorsement on paper dated June g. 1905 — Ex. K.) I 
 think you will agree that had Captain Waters been a 
 discharged convict, this order excluding him from the 
 right to be_ entertained at a hotel built upon public land 
 and established under license of the government for 
 the express purpose of accommodating every citizen 
 willing to pay tlie regular charges (especially so far 
 as it affected his guests or the members of his family) 
 would have been without warrant, justification or 
 excuse. 
 
 “Even if we assume every conclusion of fact which 
 General Young has reached to be absolutely correct, 
 the severity of the punishment he recommends is all 
 out of proportion to the gravity of the delinquencies 
 he imputes to Captain Waters. If everything, he al- 
 leges, be. taken as absolutely true, such grievious 
 penalties as must follow the adoption of his recom- 
 mendation would be excessive ancl therefore unjust. 
 
 “Conceive for a moment what this would involve, 
 Waters’_ entire capital (including all the resources of 
 his family) has been invested in boats and other prop- 
 erty operating the lake transportation service which 
 
 the government authorized him to establish. One large 
 steam vessel, which I saw myself, was built last year. 
 Considering the service it is e.xpected to render, it is 
 commodious and well appointed. Evidently it has been 
 constructed in the hope of increasing traffic by enlarg- 
 ing the accommodation for passengers and promoting 
 their comfort. Boats built expressly for service on 
 the lake would be of little value anywhere else. It is 
 doubtful whether they would realize on forced sale 
 enough to pay the cost of transportation to another 
 locality. During the long period in which he has 
 operated this service he has established a business 
 which must be of some value or he would not be so 
 desperately anxious to retain it. To the good will of 
 this, whatever it may be worth, he is undeniably en- 
 titled in sound morals, if not in the strict letter of 
 the law. All these his summary expulsion from the 
 park would destroy at one blow. His ruin would be 
 complete and it would probably be irrevocable. For 
 he is an old man, and with such a cloud on his char- 
 acter as expulsion under such conditions must cast, 
 repair of his fortunes would be practically impossible. 
 The ruin of all his prospects as well as of his whole 
 possessions is therefore the punishment you are ad- 
 vised to inflict on him. Surely nothing but offenses 
 of the very gravest character could justify a penalty 
 so severe. 
 
 “One thing is perfectly certain, IMr. President, if 
 Waters be expelled from the park somebody else would 
 be given the right to operate boats on the lake. The 
 public cannot be excluded permanently from the right 
 to traverse this magnificent sheet of water. Can you 
 or anybody else doubt that the transportation com- 
 pany will become the beneficiary of the decree that 
 ruins Waters, should an order for his expulsion be 
 issued ?’’ 
 
 Mr. Cochran concluded this long second communica- 
 tion with these words ; “I should not have felt inclined 
 to undertake this labor and inflict such a lengthy com- 
 munication on you, were it not for my humble but 
 very firm conviction that the course I suggest is more 
 consistent with that impartial and unljending justice 
 of which the American people believe you to be the 
 very embodiment.” 
 
 For the last twenty-five years, and while active head 
 of the Yellowstone Lake Boat Company’s affairs, Mr. 
 Waters continued in the live-stock business. At one 
 time he was running twelve thousand head of sheep 
 and for twelve or fifteen years has been raising horses, 
 cattle and mules. His enterprise in the stock business 
 has of course varied with different seasons and periods, 
 but he has been practically identified with this industry 
 during the most of his years of residence in Montana. 
 He was also in the mining business in Cook City and 
 Bear Creek, and was president of the Pacific Launch 
 Company of Tacoma, Washington, whose plant was 
 wrecked by a cloudburst that caused the Puyallup river 
 to rise so rapidly that a large portion of the plant was 
 carried into the bay and the company became bank- 
 rupt. 
 
 A short time before the Boer war in South Africa 
 Mr, Waters organized the American Land & Sheep 
 Company under the contract with an English syndicate 
 who agreed to furnish ten million dollars for purchase 
 of all the land lying along the streams in middl/ and 
 eastern Montana, together with the water-rigl/ con- 
 trolled by these lands. The agreement also LIcluded 
 the purchase by Mr. Waters of all the sheep yirich he 
 could obtain. With such a plan in mind M/ Waters 
 put out two men in the field getting optioiy on land, 
 and thus secured options on property seven 
 
 million dollars. No one then knew who^re the real 
 parties in the American Land & Sheep Company. As 
 a result, in a short time, he obtained a/arge number 
 of sheep at a little more than two dolars per head, 
 and the best land in Montana at s^^iJteen dollars 
 
922 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 and a half an acre, including the first and best water- 
 right. Then the whole deal was brought to an abrupt 
 conclusion. The Boer war made money so tight in 
 England that the syndicate was unable to control the 
 funds which they had promised, and Mr. Waters is 
 still in the courts with a litigation, endeavoring to 
 obtain satisfactory remuneration for the damages to 
 which he was put by carrying out his part of the 
 contract. 
 
 Mr. Waters W'as formerly an active member of the 
 Masons and the Knights of Pythias, the Elks, the 
 Grand Army, and the Traveling Men's Association. 
 Up to_ 1910 he was a Republican in politics, but at 
 that time he became convinced that the party was 
 largely under the control of its more corrupt and 
 powerful members and therefore left its ranks. As to 
 religion his ancestors were most of them Universalists, 
 and that faith has his own preference. 
 
 At Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, March 4, 1878, he was 
 married to Miss Martha Bustus Amory. Pier grand- 
 father left a will which granted certain tracts of land 
 in New York City to his heirs, this land to come into 
 their possession when the youngest grandchild was 
 of age. This grandchild was Mrs. Waters’ youngest 
 brother. The immediate heirs contested and broke the 
 will, and but for this the property at this time would 
 have been worth $1,500,000,000, The children of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Waters were as follows : Edna Alberti, 
 
 Anna Amory, and Amory Oakes. The daughter, 
 Edna, married A. F. Molina, and had one child, Amory 
 Waters Molina. Mrs. Molina died January 15, 1913. 
 Amory Oakes Waters married Miss Minnie Lee, and 
 has one child, Martha Bustus Waters, named for her 
 grandmother, Anna Amory Waters, the youngest 
 daughter died January 6, 1905. Mrs. Waters, whose 
 death occurred August 6, 1909, was a woman of splen- 
 did_ education, a great reader and fine musician, and 
 besides caring for her home and rearing her children 
 was a delightful friend and companion and was a 
 favorite in all social circles. 
 
 William S. Erwin. The visitor to the Gallatin val- 
 ley, viewing for the first time its fertile fields, well- 
 regulated farrns and general air of prosperity, finds it 
 difficult to believe that but comparatively a few years 
 ago this section of the country was a wild waste of 
 prairie and desert land, uncultivated and unprofitable. 
 Such is the case, however, and the wonderful change 
 that has been brought about is the direct result of years 
 of persistent, untiring labor on the part of men of 
 energy, industry, perseverance and ability, the greater 
 part of whose lives have been devoted to developing 
 their community’s interests while achieving personal 
 success. Prominent among this class stands William 
 S. Erwin, who for many years carried on agricultural 
 pursuits in Gallatin county, but who is now retired from 
 active pursuits and living quietly in the city of Boze- 
 man, where he has a comfortable modern residence at 
 No. 624 West Olive street. Mr. Erwin was born in 
 Schuyler county, Illinois, on his father’s farm. May 21, 
 1864, and is a son of George W. and Agnes E. (Cor- 
 riO Erwin. 
 
 George W. Erwin was born in Plattsburg, Steuben 
 couity. New York, in 1818, and received his education 
 in tl« public schools of that locality. On attaining 
 his majority he removed to Schuyler county, Illinors, 
 in whidi locality he was a pioneer, and for some time 
 was engxged in driving the stage coach, his wages being 
 nine dolars per month, a part of which were paid in 
 merchandse. Subsequently he entered government 
 land, whic; he first devoted to the raising of corn and 
 later gave iver to general farming and stock raising, 
 and became one of the best-known raisers of Clydes- 
 dale horses md full-blooded cattle in his county. He 
 served as a oldier during the Mexican war, was a 
 stanch Democi-it in his political views, and was a rec- 
 
 ognized authority on matters agricultural by his fellow 
 members in the grange. His death occurred in 1894, 
 his wife having passed away in 1885, when fifty-six 
 years of age. Of their seven children, four are still 
 living: Ellen A., the wife of Richard Bosworth; Cor- 
 nelius M., Frank C. and William S. 
 
 The early education of William S. Erwin was se- 
 cured in the public schools of Schuyler county, and he 
 later attended Chaddock College, Quincy, Illinois, and 
 the Indiana State Normal school, now the Indiana State 
 University, at Valparaiso. Mr. Erwin's advent in the 
 Gallatin valley was in December, 1885, and on first ar- 
 riving he secured employment as a farm hand. As his 
 father had done before him, Mr. Erwin next entered 
 government land and engaged in raising wheat, barley 
 and oats. He continued in business until 1911, on Janu- 
 ary I St of which year he came to Bozeman in order 
 that his children might secure better educational ad- 
 vantages. Mr. Erwin is a Democrat in politics, and in 
 1907 was elected a coui>ty commissioner of Gallatin 
 county, for a term of four years. Fraternally, he is 
 connected with Bozeman Lodge No. 463, B. P. O. E., 
 and Bridger Camp No. 62, W. O. W. During the many 
 years of his residence in this section he has made 
 numerous acquaintances, and his friends here are legion. 
 All movements for the betterment of the locality have 
 his hearty support, and he has always shown himself 
 to be a friend of education, morality and good citizen- 
 ship. 
 
 On April ig, 1894, Mr. Erwin was married to Miss 
 Maisie M. Kent, who was born in Gallatin county, 
 daughter of James and Martha (Hopkins) Kent, the 
 former of whom died in 1886, while the latter still 
 lives. Mrs. Erwin is the oldest of a family of six 
 children. Her father came to the west with his parents 
 from Pennsylvania, and his boyhood days were spent in 
 Missouri. In 1864 he traveled overland to Montana, 
 locating near Old Hamilton, where he engaged in stock 
 raising and farming, and later removed to near Cot- 
 tonwood creek, this being his location at the time 
 of his death. Four children have been born to Mr. 
 and Mrs. Erwin, namely: James Kent, Mae Agnes, 
 
 Lewis George and William Howard. 
 
 Charles E. Carlson. Among the young legal lights 
 of whom Montana and Gallatin county have every rea- 
 son to be proud is Charles E. Carlson. He possesses a 
 splendid legal mind, quickly getting at the very heart 
 of a question, discovering the underlying principles of 
 law, and stating his conclusions in clear, terse English. 
 In the few years since his admission to the bar he has 
 been identified with a good deal of important litigation. 
 Mr. Carlson is one of those valiant characters who have 
 triumphed over adverse conditions and pressed forward 
 to the goal of success. He is in the most significant 
 sense self-made and integrity and honor characterize 
 him in the relations of life. 
 
 Mr. Carlson was born at Albert Lea, Minnesota, May 
 3, 1885, and there resided until about four years of age, 
 when, with his parents, he removed to Independence, 
 Iowa. He remained in that place for about six years, 
 and the family went to Britt, Iowa, where they lived 
 for a year. Following that they located in LIumboldt of 
 the Hawkeye state, where they lived eight years. It 
 was in Humboldt that his father died and though a boy 
 in years he found it necessary to face the world like a 
 man. His father, Rev. Adolph Carlson, was a Baptist 
 minister, and a native of Denmark. He severed home 
 associations and came to America when a youth of nine- 
 teen and like so many of his countrymen, located first 
 in the state of Minnesota. He died in 1903, at the age 
 of sixty-five years and is interred in that place. His 
 wife’s maiden name was Dorothy Anderson, and they 
 were united in marriage in the state of Wisconsin. She 
 died in 1887, when the subject was an infant, and is 
 buried in Albert Lea. There were nine children in the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 923 
 
 elder Carlson family, the subject being the youngest in 
 order of birth. 
 
 Mr. Carlson graduated from the Humboldt high 
 school and then matriculated in the University of Min- 
 nesota at Minneapolis, where he pursued a four-year 
 course in science, literature and arts, being graduated 
 from that department and receiving his degree. He 
 had an ambition to become a lawyer and took the neces- 
 sary preparation in the same university. He worked 
 his own way through college and as is usual in such 
 circumstances, made the most of his hard-earned oppor- 
 tunities. He had earned his first money doing chores 
 for a doctor in Humboldt. He is also familiar with the 
 life of a commercial traveler, for he engaged as such 
 for a twelvemonth, and he followed various other occu- 
 pations previous to entering the university. 
 
 After leaving college Mr. Carlson studied in the office 
 of the firm of Dunn & Carlson at Albert Lea, Alinne- 
 sota, and remained in this association for nearly one 
 year. In April, 1911, he caiue to Three Forks, Gallatin 
 county, where he hung out his professional shingle and 
 here he has encountered the best of fortunes, in the 
 short time intervening since his arrival having won the 
 confidence of the community. He has a most com- 
 modious and pleasant office and an unusually compre- 
 hensive law library, whose volumes have been collected 
 for the most part since he came here. In addition to 
 his ability in the profession to which he has already 
 proven an ornament, IMr. Carlson is a gifted orator, con- 
 vincing, forceful and eloquent, and he is in great de- 
 mand upon occasions where eloquence is in order. At 
 the recent Democratic convention he was selected to 
 make the speech of nomination. He is a Democrat and 
 is greatly interested in matters political, his striking 
 personality making him an influential factor in public 
 life. He has plenty of fighting blood and his support 
 is an element greatly to be desired. 
 
 He is enthusiastic over outdoor life and amusements, 
 and of fishing in particular. He is a member of the 
 Baptist church. In college he belonged to the Greek 
 letter fraternity. Delta Sigma Rho, this being an 
 honorary fraternity to which are eligible all students in 
 accredited colleges who have taken part in intelcollegiate 
 forensic contests. While in the University of Rlinne- 
 sota he took part in the contest with Wisconsin and 
 won. Apropos of Montana, Mr. Carlson says : “I am 
 
 here to stay; that expresses my view of the state. I 
 have realized its possibilities and am fully convinced 
 that this is the coming country.” Mr. Carlson was 
 married at Humboldt, Iowa, October S, 1912, to Miss 
 Carrie Mason. 
 
 Charles J. Carlson. One of the leading contractors 
 of Helena is Mr. Charles Carlson, who is known not 
 only as a contractor, but who has a reputation as a 
 designer, his designs being sought after because of 
 their good taste and their excellent arrangement. Mr. 
 Carlson was born in Sweden, on March 27, 1875. His 
 father, Charles Gustafson, had died the month pre- 
 cedino- his birth, and although his mother, Clara, nee 
 Nordling, remarried, it fell to the lot of Charles and 
 his older brother. Gust A. Carlson, to begin early to 
 take care of themselves. Mr. Gustafson had been a 
 stone mason and after his death his widow became the 
 wife of P. R. Berquist, to whom she bore two sons 
 and two daughters. They are all still residents of 
 Sweden. 
 
 Until he was fifteen years old Charles attended 
 school in Sweden, and then as his older brother was 
 coming to America, he accompanied him. They 
 stopped first in Marshfield, Wisconsin, and Charles 
 stayed a year and a half before going to Rockford, 
 Illinois. In Wisconsin he had worked at the trade of 
 cabinet making, and he supported himself by this means 
 in Rockford until the panic of the early ’90s stopped 
 the mills and factories and cut off his source of income. 
 Ht 'was completely out of funds before he found work. 
 
 and he was obliged to walk to Harvard, Illinois, a 
 distance of forty miles, to secure a chance to work. A 
 kindly conductor in Rockford gave him a ride to Mad- 
 ison, Wisconsin, and there he found work on a ranch 
 five miles out of the city. The farm was owned by a 
 Mr. McCoy, and Mr. Carlson remained in his employ 
 for two years. During this time he saved his wages, 
 and with a little capital in hand he felt he might ven- 
 ture to take up some work for which he was better 
 fitted, and which might be more profitable. 
 
 With this idea in mind he went to Madison and 
 worked at the carpenter trade for two years, after 
 which he secured employment with the Chicago & 
 Northwestern Railroad. He built tanks and stations 
 for them, but after a year and a half he resigned from 
 his position with the railroad and went to Necedah, 
 Wisconsin, to work independently at carpentry and 
 contracting. It was in this town that he met and mar- 
 ried the lady who has been such an inspiration to him, 
 and who has shared in the success which his un- 
 flagging courage and persistence have won for him. 
 She was born in Wisconsin, and her maiden name was 
 Clemmy jMiller. The eldest of Mr. and IMrs. Carlson’s 
 children died in infancy, and two boys, Aaron and 
 Wilfred, besides one daughter, Alta May, now con- 
 stitute the Carlson family. Mr. and Mrs. Carlson were 
 married on iMarch 2, 1900, about a year before coming 
 to Helena. 
 
 The first contract which IMr. Carlson took in Ne- 
 cedah . was that of building a barn for a prominent 
 farmer of that city, and as the building was a large 
 one he made quite a neat little profit on the job. T'nis 
 brought him other orders, and for several 3'ears he was 
 kept bus}' around Necedah. Later he purchased a 
 three hundred and sixty acre farm adjoining the place 
 on which he had built his first barn. When Mr. Carl- 
 son first arrived in Helena he worked for the firm of 
 Schaeffer & Moncrief, remaining with them for nearly 
 a year. He left them to go into contracting for him- 
 self, and though he began in a small way his busings 
 steadily increased. Except for one year during which 
 he was associated with James Black, under the firm 
 name Black & Carlson, he has been alone. This asso- 
 ciation was formed in 1909. 
 
 iMr. Carlson has erected a large number of the fine 
 modern dwellings in Helena, and most of these from 
 designs of his own. Soon after coming to America he 
 took a course in architecture in the International Cor- 
 respondence School. He was one of the school's best 
 pupils. The business which he has built up in Helena 
 is one of the largest of the kind in the city, and it has 
 been a paying one. He owns the building at No. 16 
 South Park street, and has recently purchased other 
 property on that street, which became necessary for 
 the rapidly growing business. 
 
 Having something of a taste for military pursuits, 
 j\Ir. Carlson belongs to the ^Montana National Guards, 
 and is a corporal in company G. He is affiliated with 
 the AVoodmen of the World, with the Royal High- 
 landers, the Order of IMoose, and with the Eagles, be- 
 sides being a prominent member of the Carpenters’ 
 Union. In politics he is an independent voter, and so 
 considers only the fitness of the candidate for the of- 
 fice, with no reference to his political party. Air. Carl- 
 son himself has never been at all attracted to public 
 life. He has taken his course in the school of ad- 
 versity. and in all that hard training did not fail in 
 coura.ge nor falter in effort. As a reward, he has at- 
 tained a comfortable little fortune before he has 
 reached middle life, and with an admirable profes- 
 sional record as a designer, as well as success as a 
 contractor, he has still before him a long career of use- 
 fulness and profit. The brother who accompanied him 
 to America is now a farmer in AIcAIillan, AVisconsin, 
 and so both the boys who came to the country less 
 than a quarter of a century ago have made a place in 
 it for themselves. There is always room everywhere 
 
924 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 for such men of enterprise and capability. They are 
 needed in America, especially in the northwest, for 
 whose development they have done so much, and which 
 in turn has been so generous to them. 
 
 I Ion. Cornelius Hedges. In considering the repre- 
 sentative and constructive men of the state of Montana 
 the name of the late Judge Cornelius Hedges comes im- 
 mediately to mind, for he impressed himself indelibly on 
 his generation through his sturdy integrity, his manly 
 virtue, the force of his natural powers of judgment and 
 his unselfish labors in the cause of patriotism and prog- 
 ress. Judge Hedges was born at Westfield,* Massachu- 
 setts, October 28, 1831, and died at Helena, Montana, 
 April 29, 1907, in his seventy-sixth year. His parents 
 were Dennis and Alvena (Noble) Hedges. 
 
 Judge Hedges could lay claim to a more or less illus- 
 trious ancestry, his forefathers having been among the 
 earliest settlers on Long Island, removing from there 
 to Connecticut and before his time to Massachusetts. 
 His maternal grandfather, Jacob Noble, served under 
 General Washington in the War of the Revolution, and 
 was the progenitor of a long line of honest farming 
 people and strong supporters of the Congregational 
 church. While the Nobles were of English extraction, 
 it is possible that the Hedges came originally from 
 Ireland. His father, Dennis Hedges, owned a small 
 farm and also conducted a blacksmith business in the 
 vicinity of Westfield, Massachusetts, where he lived into 
 respected old age, and when he and wife celebrated 
 their golden wedding the occasion was made notable for 
 them by the attendance of their only son, Cornelius, 
 who had already become a citizen of great prominence 
 in the far west. This pilgrimage to his old home was 
 one of affection and sentiment and was referred to by 
 Judge Hedges many times during his after life. 
 
 In the local schools and academies Cornelius Hedges 
 prepared for Yale College, from which he was gradu- 
 ated in 1853. During the three succeeding years he 
 taught school and in the meanwhile studied his law 
 books and in 1855 was graduated from the law depart- 
 ment of Harvard College and was admitted to the bar 
 in Massachusetts. Leaving New England, he located at 
 Independence, Iowa, where he opened a law office and 
 remained until 1864, during a portion of which period 
 he was concerned in a newspaper enterprise and was 
 publisher and editor of the Independent Civilian. 
 
 Young, ambitious and enterprising, it is not remark- 
 able that Cornelius Hedges became interested in the 
 wonderful developing changes that were taking place in 
 the western country about that time, and in the spring 
 of 1864 joined a party and crossed the plains to Virginia 
 City, Montana, later coming on to Helena, which city 
 continued to be his chosen home throughout the rest of 
 an unusually active and useful life. While faithful to 
 every local interest, his subsequent activities covered the 
 state, and in the great development which followed he 
 was a very prominent factor. In 1871 he was appointed 
 United States district attorney and from 1875 until 1880 
 he was probate judge of Lewis and Clarke county. 
 Judge Hedges was probably the original mover that re- 
 sulted in the establishing of the Helena Public Library, 
 was one of the directors who secured as a beginning a 
 room, in the fall of 1868, on the present site of the 
 International Hotel. His constant interest in educa- 
 tional progress brought about his appointment in 1872, 
 by Governor Benjamin F. Potts, as first territorial 
 superintendent of the public schools, and in his devo- 
 tion to duties pertaining to this position Judge Hedges 
 traveled hundreds of miles, under trying circumstances, 
 to gather the few teachers then in the territory, to the 
 different centers of population, instructing, providing 
 and devising methods and improvements only possible 
 with a man of collegiate training and unselfish enthu- 
 siasm. He ably filled this position for five years, one 
 year under appointment by Governor Potts and four 
 years under his successor. Governor Crosby. 
 
 Judge Hedges was a member of the Washburn party 
 that visited the geyser region, leaving Helena August 
 17, 1870, with a small detail of United States Cavalry, 
 under the authority of General Hancock, and returned 
 to Helena, November 27, 1870. It was during the re- 
 turn trip that Judge Hedges proposed the idea of a Na- 
 tional Park. The lofty timbered mountains, the im- 
 mense water power and the wonderful scenery appealed 
 to all the party and only sufficient wealth was needed 
 to exploit the region for great private gain, but these 
 were men of public spirit, state pride, and the idea that 
 originated with Judge Pledges immediately met with 
 the approval of the party. It was his idea that the gov- 
 ernment should take over these great natural advan- 
 tages for the country at large and at the very next legis- 
 lative session a memorial was sent to the United States 
 Congress. The active cooperation of Senator Pomeroy 
 of Kansas and Representative William H. Claggett of 
 Montana was secured and in 1872 the cherished dream 
 of Judge Hedges became a reality; to the United States 
 was preserved the wonderful Yellowstone region, now 
 the great National Park. 
 
 In 1874 Judge Hedges was chosen by the Republican 
 party as a delegate to Congress, but in those days of 
 Democratic supremacy he failed of election, although 
 his personal following was remarkable. In 1884 he was 
 a member of the territorial constitutional convention, 
 and in 1889 he was elected a member of the first state 
 senate. Pie was recognized as a man of great legal 
 ability, while his knowledge on almost every other 
 branch of learning was thorough. He prepared several 
 volumes of Montana supreme court reports, 1880-1887, 
 and prepared much material for the Montana Historical 
 Society and was its recording secretary from 1877 until 
 1885 and its president in 1905. In 1899 he was nomi- 
 nated for the United States senate. From 1897 until 
 1906 he was secretary of the state board of sheep com- 
 missioners. Up to the close of his life he_ retained his 
 natural powers, his keen eyesight and his firm pen- 
 manship. 
 
 In the Masonic fraternity Judge Hedges seemed to 
 find an interest and pleasure that brought him his largest 
 measure of enjoyment. He devoted much time to study- 
 ing and working out the spirit of the symbols and 
 architectural teachings on Masonic subjects, and this 
 was frequently recognized in Masonic literature and foi 
 vears he held the office of grand secretary of the 
 Grand Lodge, A. F. & A. M., the Royal Arch Grand 
 Chapter, Masons, grand recorder of the Grand Com- 
 mandery, Knights Templar, and at the time of his_ death 
 was the oldest acting Masonic grand secretary in the 
 United States and possibly in the world. He was a 
 charter member of Miriam Chapter, No. i, at Helena, 
 and was grand worthy patron ^f the Order of the 
 Eastern Star in 1893. He was proud to refer to these 
 honors during the closing years of his^ life and no 
 one was ever more knightly in upholding the lofty 
 ideals of the fraternity. . 
 
 On July 7, 1856, Judge Hedges was married to Miss 
 Edna Layette Smith, of Southington, Connecticut, and 
 eight children were born to them. On July 7 > 1906, Mr. 
 aiid Mrs. Pledges celebrated their golden wedding. Mrs. 
 Hedges died in Helena September 26, 1912. Judge 
 Hedges was a man of strong religious convictions, and 
 was an elder in the First Presbyterian church at Helena. 
 Although full of years at the time of his death, his life 
 had been so rich in worthy achievement tlpt ms loss 
 was felt in every circle, and rich and poor, high dignita- 
 ries and humble people, all united to do honor to his 
 memory at his funeral. . • 
 
 The Montana Daily Record said, editoiially, at the 
 time of Judge Pledges’ death: “In the death of Cor- 
 
 nelius Hedges, which occurred at his home in this 
 city, Sunday, there passed away one to whom the peo- 
 ple of Montana owe a debt of gratitude which can 
 never be repaid. Coming to Montana with the first 
 of the pioneers, his whole after life was spent in the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 925 
 
 territory and state. In the beginning he put himself 
 on the side of those who were determined Montana 
 should be a safe haven for the home maker and home 
 builder and from that time to the day of his death his 
 talents and his time were always at the service of his 
 community and his state. 
 
 “In those early days there were few of the pioneers 
 who had the educational equipment of Judge Hedges. 
 Reared in New England, educated at Yale, he came to 
 this then wild country and became one with the people. 
 Never a self seeker, his ability was soon recognized 
 and whenever there was need for a service which it 
 was thought could not be so well performed by anyone 
 else, he obeyed the call. But Judge Hedges was not 
 only an educated man and student; he was in every 
 sense a pioneer. One of the first lawyers in Last 
 Chance gulch to practice his profession, he won the con- 
 fidence of the miners and of the rough element as well, 
 and his kindly counsels often in those days prevented 
 serious conflicts and attempts to overturn the authority 
 of the laws made by the miners. As the territory and 
 statei grew there was a place for Judge Hedges. 
 Whether at the head of the territorial educational sys- 
 tem, a judge of court, the representative of the United 
 States government as its district attorney, or the ed- 
 itor of the leading daily papers of the state. Judge 
 Hedges was a power for good, and for the develop- 
 ment of the best in Montana. 
 
 “The great work done by Cornelius Hedges for Mon- 
 tana will be more appreciated as the j'ears pass. There 
 are a few who know what a dominant personality he 
 was in placing before the world the beauties of the 
 Yellowstone National Park. He was a member of the 
 expedition which visited the park and told of its at- 
 tractions to the world. Always modest and keeping in 
 the background, others have reaped much of the credit 
 that should have gone to him in connection with the 
 setting aside of the park as a national pleasure ground. 
 
 “The Helena public library owes more to Judge Hedges 
 than to any other for its present efficiency. In the late 
 years to it he devoted much of his time, and its good 
 work was his pride. Above and beyond all. Judge 
 Hedges was a loyal Montanian. He went through the 
 good times and the hard ones, and never did he lose 
 faith in the greatness of the state and its future. As 
 it was with the state, so with his adopted city. Helena, 
 which for so many years had been his home, was to 
 him the one place in all the world, and he was the 
 friend of every man and woman in it. 
 
 “Thoughtful, kind, charitable, ever ready to heed the 
 call of the unfortunate, without selfishness or guile, 
 no better man has ever lived in Montana, nor to any 
 is there a higher meed of praise due for what he did 
 and gave to Montana.” 
 
 Cornelius and Edna Layette (Smith) Hedges, were 
 the parents of eight children, two sons and a daughter, 
 died in early life, while those surviving are : Wyllys 
 
 Anderson, of Fergus county, Montana, formerly a 
 sheep grower, and was speaker of the lower house in 
 the gth assembly. At the present time he is receiver 
 of the United States Land Office at Lewiston, Mon- 
 tana; Henry Highland, formerly a stockman of Valley 
 county, Montana, now a resident of California, where he 
 is engaged in the dairy business ; Cornelius Hedges, 
 his father’s namesake, was closely associated with him 
 for many years and succeeded to many of his responsi- 
 bilities. He was born at Helena, Montana, March 14, 
 1874, and was educated at Helena and spent one year 
 at the high school in Ann Arbor, hlichigan. He en- 
 tered upon the study of law, but owing to his father’s 
 failing health, was obliged to assist in official work 
 and never continued his law studies to a conclusion. 
 When fifteen years of age he was appointed a page 
 at the constitutional convention of the state, and later 
 was cashier in the water works office at Helena for 
 six years. During all this time he was his father’s 
 assistant in attending to the great mass of work as Ma- 
 
 sonic secretary and since the death of his father has 
 creditably filled the same office. Mr. Hedges is un- 
 married and resides at Helena; Edna Cornelia, Mrs. 
 Harr}^ B. Palmer, who resides in Helena; Emily Mar- 
 ion, is hirs. John M. Woodbridge, of Newton, Mass. 
 
 Sherman Person Tuttle. The world instinctively 
 and justly renders deference to the man whose success 
 in life has been worthily achieved, who has attained a 
 competence by honorable methods and whose high repu- 
 tation is solely the result of preeminent merit in his 
 chosen profession. Such a man is Hon. Sherman Per- 
 son Tuttle, president of the Bank of Boulder, member 
 from Jefferson county in the Montana state legislature 
 and extensively engaged in ranching and stock-raising. 
 
 Mr. Tuttle is a Hoosier by birth, his life record hav- 
 ing begun in Noble county, Indiana, July 21, 1848. In 
 April of the next year his parents moved to Warren 
 county, Iowa, and he lived in Warren and Marion coun- 
 ties until he attained to the age of fourteen years. The 
 family then went to Denver, Colorado, but remained 
 there only eight weeks before going on to Stockton, 
 California. After six months in Stockton, they came 
 to Montana in the spring of 1864 and on July 8 of that 
 year made location at Alder Gulch. There they lived 
 until the fall of 1866 and then took up their residence 
 in Fish Creek, Jefferson county, which was at that time 
 a part of Madison county, legislation subsequently divid- 
 ing it and making it part of Jefferson county. The 
 family lived in those early da3^s on the property which 
 was afterward known as the John B. Wellcome ranch. 
 There Mr. Tuttle of this review lived for many years, 
 but in 1897 he went to Whitehall and since that j'ear 
 has been engaged in farming and stock-raising. In 
 November, 1900 he bought the Belcher ranch, situated 
 one mile from Boulder, and in this city he now re- 
 sides. Boulder has welcomed him as one of the most 
 progressive and useful of her citizens, and very shortly 
 after coming here he was elected county treasurer of 
 Jefferson county and served in that important office for 
 two years. After concluding his public service Mr. 
 Tuttle returned to his ranch and remained engaged in 
 the conduct of its affairs until 1906, when he bought out 
 the interest of F. C. Beherendes in the Bank of Boulder 
 and has ever since been identified with its affairs, having 
 a controlling interest in the bank and holding the office 
 of president. This is one of the momentary institutions 
 which emphasize and exert marked influence in con- 
 severing the financial stability and commercial prestige 
 of Jefferson county. He is also a director of the White- 
 hall State Bank, at Whitehall, Montana. 
 
 In the year 1911 he was elected on the Democratic 
 ticket to the state legislature and his services for his 
 constituents in the state assembly have been greatly to 
 his credit and their profit. He is also president of the 
 Boulder school board and he has been very zealous 
 in his championship of the best education possible. He 
 is one of the stalwart advocates of Democratic policies 
 and principles, has for a good many 3'ears been active 
 in politics and is well known for his public-spirited at- 
 titude toward all concerning the community’s welfare. 
 
 Mr. Tuttle was married March 16, 1873, at Fish Creek, 
 Montana, the 3'oung woman to become his wife and the 
 mistress of his household being Derinda Jane Butt, 
 daughter of Jonas and Louanna (Gist) Butt, originally 
 of the state of Missouri. Mrs. Tuttle was born on a 
 Missouri farm, situated midway between Kansas City 
 and Independence. To the subject and his wife have 
 been born ten children, eight of whom survive, as fol- 
 lows : Arthur; Cora Jane, widow of George Melton and 
 resides in Escondido, California, and the mother of five 
 daughters : Sherman resides in Sacramento, California, 
 and has one daughter : Claud resides in Pocatello, Idaho ; 
 Earl resides at Whitehall, Montana; Ada is iMrs. Joseph 
 hloore, of Boulder; Lulu Oleta and Julian Errett. The 
 eldest son is associated with his father in the bank, as 
 assistant cashier. 
 
926 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Mr, Tuttle's father, whose name was David Tuttle, 
 was born on Long Island in i8og; removed to Ohio at an 
 an early age and in the Buckeye state married Miss 
 Lucinda Cornwall. Shortly after their marriage they 
 went to Indiana, the subject’s birthplace. David Tut- 
 tle’s name was originally Tuthil, but upon reaching the 
 Noble county and Wabash river country where he lo- 
 cated he found so many Tuthils that in order to avoid 
 confusion he obligingly changed his name to Tuttle, by 
 which name his family has ever since been known. The 
 father died after coming to Montana, on January 15, 
 1870, but the mother survived for many years, her de- 
 mise occurring in 1895. Both are interred in Fish Creek 
 cemetery, as are also his wife’s parents. 
 
 Mr. Tuttle, of this review, is a prominent Mason and 
 Ids religious faith is that of the Methodist church. 
 South. He is not especially interested in out-door sports 
 and diversions of various sorts, but finds his greatest 
 pleasure at his own fireside, in the company of wife 
 :ind children, like so many men worth while being es- 
 sentially domestic in nature. 
 
 Ilis schooling was terminated at the age of fourteen 
 years, but he has since remedied any such educational 
 defects as may have e.xisted by his own efforts. At 
 the age of twelve years his principal ambition in life 
 was to own a pair of boots, and he worked sixteen days 
 for a neighbor, at a compensation of twenty-five cents 
 a day, and had this realized. The ability to get what 
 he wants still characterizes him. 
 
 The journey made to Denver by his parents in his 
 boyhood was overland with ox teams ; its tedium needs 
 no comment. They traveled to California with mules 
 and horses and by the same method to Montana. On 
 their trip down the Humboldt river in Nevada they 
 were much troubled by the Indians, who displayed a 
 somewhat hostile spirit. In some way one of the fam- 
 ilies became separated from the crowd, the Indians cut- 
 ting off their return. Later the noise of an attack 
 frightened the mules of the lost family and the mules 
 dashed madly away and rejoined the train. Just how 
 they accomplished this has always been une.xplainable 
 to everybody. 
 
 In the spring of 1870, for the purpose of carrying on 
 the live stock business, the subject formed a partner- 
 ship with his two brothers, Elihu Francis and FTarrison 
 Jordan, and this partnership continued unbroken and 
 A^ilh the pleasantest of relations until the death of 
 Flihu Francis on July 2^, 1907, at Lewistown, Mon- 
 tana. The estate was then closed out. The three broth- 
 ers carried on a very extensive business in Jefferson, 
 Fergus and Valley counties. Seldom have three people 
 been so long and so happily associated, and its only ex- 
 planation is the unselfish spirit of every one of them. 
 Mr. Tuttle enjoys the respect and confidence of all with 
 whom he comes in contact and as one of Jefferson 
 county’s representative citizens and builders, no one is 
 better entitled to a position in this history. 
 
 Harrison Jordan. The late Flarrison Jordan, one of 
 the eminently successful ranchers and general agricul- 
 turists of the Treasure state, covered varied experiences 
 and divers localities during his full life of eighty-six 
 years, forty-eight of which were merged in the fortunes 
 of the young and growing Montana. Flis parents, repre- 
 senting respectively Scotch-Irish and German ancestral 
 lines, were William F. and Isabelle (Painter) Jordan; 
 the place of his nativity was that part of southern Illi- 
 nois which is known as “Egypt;” and the date of his 
 birth was March 17, 1825. In 1847 his father’s family 
 removed to Pleasantville, Iowa, a town surveyed and 
 plotted by his brother Wesley, and that state he called 
 his home' for several years. In 1846 three of the Jordan 
 brothers enlisted for service in Mexico, in a company 
 of the First Illinois Volunteers, under Captain James D. 
 Morgan and Colonel John J. Hardin, the latter of whom 
 met his death in the historic .events at Buena Vista. 
 
 After the close of the war, Mr. Jordan returned to Illi- 
 nois and was mustered out of service at Quincy. 
 
 Returning to Iowa, then the home of the family, Har- 
 rison Jordan was active in public service, both peda- 
 gogical and civic. A period of teaching, combined with 
 work as clerk of the board of commissioners of Marion 
 county, occupied him until the winter of 1851-2, at which 
 time he undertook what is. always a memorable office. 
 As town agent, he laid out the town of Indianola, in 
 Warren county. This practically closed his activities in 
 Iowa, for the intense interest of that epoch of gold dis- 
 coveries in the west had claimed him as one of its par- 
 ticipants. In that same winter Mr. Jordan went to Cali- 
 fornia by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He found 
 the Golden state a field for many profitable activities, 
 due to the rapidly growing population and the hi.gh 
 prices paid for commodities. His main line of activity 
 was dairying, in which 'he engaged until the spring of 
 185s, at which time he returned to Iowa. There he 
 spent seven years in mercantile business, at the end of 
 that time again responding to the call of the west. Dis- 
 posing of his interests in Iowa, he undertook the experi- 
 ment of crossing the plains to Colorado with mule 
 teams. He thus arrived in Colorado, where for a year 
 he conducted a dairying enterprise, closing that activity 
 to resume his travels by mule teams, proceeding again 
 to California, though with a brief stay at Carson City, 
 Nevada, en route. In the spring of 1864 he returned 
 toward the east as far as Montana, which became his 
 permanent home. 
 
 Having brought with him a carefully selected stock 
 of merchandise for miners, Mr. Jordan came in July 
 of the year mentioned to Alder Gulch, where he started 
 a store. As the venture proved to be less successful 
 than he had expected, he took property at Fish Creek, 
 where he entered upon the activities of dairying and 
 the raising of stock. For thirty-two years he continued 
 this work, the latter part of that time being devoted 
 chiefly to the stock-raising features of his business. In 
 1898 he disposed of his Fish Creek holdings and 
 removed to Pleasant Valley where, in a beautiful modern 
 residence, he continued to reside throughout his remain- 
 ing years. 
 
 Although retired Mr. Jordan was by no means inactive. 
 The many accessory interests of his life did not cease 
 to engage his thought. For the last thirty-five or forty 
 years of his life he was a notary public and also for 
 many years a school trustee. He was always a hard 
 worker and an influential member of the Democratic 
 party, which he ably served at different times during 
 his more active years. Both in 1866 and in 1872 he was 
 a member of the territorial legislature of Montana ; and 
 in 1874 he was chairman of the Board of County Com- 
 missioners of Jefferson county. 
 
 Mr. Jordan was active and highly honored in his con- 
 nection with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in 
 which he had passed all chairs ; and with the Ancient 
 Free and Accepted Masons, in which order he was 
 advanced in the year 1850 to the Royal Arch degree. 
 In 1871 he organized and became the first master of the 
 Silver Star Lodge, at Silver Star, Montana. That lodge 
 was later merged with the Mystic Tie Lodge at ’White- 
 hall, and of that organization he remained a member 
 until the close of his life. He was senior grand steward 
 of the Grand Lodge in 1872, grand warden in 1873 and 
 deputy grand master in 1885. 
 
 The companion of Mr. Jordan’s mature life was Cathe- 
 rine Tuttle Jordan, a native of Mansfield, Ohio, where 
 she was born on February 14, 1836, and a daughter of 
 David Tuttle, of Long Island, New York, and Lucinda 
 (Cornwall) Tuttle, of Canada. Mrs. Jordan’s father 
 had in his childhood removed with his father from New 
 York to Ohio, had gone later to Indiana and still later 
 to Iowa. In the last-named state they lived for a con- 
 siderable time and eventually accompanied Mr. and Mrs. 
 Jordan to Montana. The marriage of Catherine Tuttle 
 
' J 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 927 
 
 and Harrison Jordan had taken place on November 28, 
 1850, and in the succeeding years they became the par- 
 ents of six children, all of whom they creditably reared 
 to years of maturity. These sons and daughters, each 
 of whom is creditably established in life, are as follows ; 
 Celeste Grace, Mrs. William Wesley McCall of White- 
 hall; Violet Josephine, Mrs. Reese Wampler of Gold- 
 field, Nevada; Perneca Etta, Mrs. Arthur Phelps of 
 Whitehall; Ida Isabel, Mrs. F. A. Riggin, of Barr, Val- 
 ley county, Montana; Rev. Walter Marion Jordan, of 
 whom somewhat extended account is given below ; and 
 Jasper O. Jordan, who is a rancher on the homestead in . 
 Pleasant Valley. The family of Harrison Jordan and 
 his wife also includes a number of grandchildren and 
 one great-grandchild, born during their lives. On 
 November 28, igoo, they celebrated their golden wed- 
 ding, at which a goodly number of their descendants 
 were present. 
 
 The family of Harrison Jordan have been eminently 
 connected with the Christian church; with which denom- 
 ination Mr. Jordan became connected at the age of 
 nineteen, while at Yrsa, Illinois. In Montana he was 
 a prime mover in and charter member of the church 
 established at Fish Creek. He also aided in founding 
 the church at Whitehall and for m.any years gave earnest 
 and efficient service as an elder. He was active and 
 prominent in the Montana Society of Pioneers of which 
 he was a typical member. 
 
 On April 29, 1903, Mrs. Jordan, a woman of rare 
 saintliness, passed to the other life, which in antici- 
 pation had for her such a vivid reality; and on October 
 2, 1910, Harrison Jordan, who had so fearlessly faced 
 many earthly adventures, who had frankly and heartily 
 met the world, who had so loyally kept as his standard 
 the highest spiritual ideal — he, the pioneer of rough and 
 primitive countries, entered a new country and a new 
 home of divine perfection and eternal satisfaction. 
 
 Henry M. Parchen. No man living in the state to- 
 day is more thoroughly identified with its history and 
 progress than is Henry M. Parchen. For nearly half 
 a century he has lived in Montana, and has seen it grow 
 from a sparsely settled mining and stock-growing re- 
 gion to the proud position of a flourishing and progres- 
 sive state, possessing all of the advantages enjoyed by 
 the oldest settled regions of the United States. In the 
 growth and upward march of the state Mr. Parchen has 
 been a recognized force in advancing all that was good 
 and enduring in commerce and government. Possessing 
 high ideals and an integrity that is unbending, he has 
 always maintained a position that has a decided ten- 
 dency to foster and to elevate the standards of com- 
 mercial affairs in his own community. His prescience 
 and unfaltering belief in the ultimate destiny of Mon- 
 tana as a great commonwealth enabled him to so shape 
 his affairs that he was sure to prosper as the state 
 prospered and grew in population. He occupies today 
 an enviable position in the business and social life of 
 the city of Helena, and may feel justly proud of the 
 fact that he was one of the citizens who laid the foun- 
 dation stones, broad and deep, and aided in directing 
 its course toward civic righteousness and honor. 
 
 Mr. Parchen is of German descent and was born in 
 Prussia, June 13, 1839, the son of George and Mary 
 Parchen. The father and grandfather were prosperous 
 citizens of the community in which they lived, and fol- 
 lowed the business of millers and were owners of grist 
 mills. In 1848 the parents were imbued with the spirit 
 of unrest that was prevalent among their countrymen 
 at that time and determined to seek their fortune in a 
 new land. They chose America as the object of their 
 destination and settled in Townline, near Buffalo, where 
 they lived until 1861. They then removed to Richard- 
 son count}% Nebraska, where the father purchased a 
 farm and took up the life of a practical farmer, at 
 which he continued until his death, in 1895. Of the four 
 
 children born to George and Mary Parchen, the young- 
 est was Henry M, He remained with his parents until 
 he was fourteen years of age and attended the common 
 schools and then took a thorough business course in 
 the Bryant and Stratton Business College at Buffalo, 
 New York. On leaving school he was employed as 
 a clerk at Townline until 1857, when he removed to 
 Marshall county, Indiana, remaining there until 1858, 
 when he went to Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1862 he deter- 
 mined to try his fortune in the gold fields of Colorado 
 and went to Denver, which was then but a small, in- 
 significant town, but which possessed a live and hust- 
 ling population. The times were exciting and many 
 thrilling incidents occurred during the residence of 
 Mr. Parchen in that city. He secured a position as 
 bookkeeper in the Planter’s House, one of the leading 
 hotels of the town, and remained there until the follow- 
 ing spring, when he assumed charge of the IMassasoit 
 House at Central City, which he conducted for some 
 time. In 1864 the gold fields of Montana were produc- 
 ing an immense amount of j-ellow metal and Mr. Par-, 
 chen, having acquired a taste for the life and activity 
 of the mining camps, and with a view to bettering his 
 fortunes, started for Montana, and, arriving in Virginia 
 City, was employed as a bookkeeper in the mercantile 
 house of Erfurt, Busch & Company for about one year. 
 He then joined Dr. Wernigk and Louis Keysser, and 
 the three proceeded to Helena and established a drug 
 and grocery store. Later on the firm was changed to 
 Parchen & Paynter, the new partner in the concern be- 
 ing W. S. Paynter. The business prospered exceedingly 
 in the hands of the new firm and was greatly extended 
 by the establishment of branch houses in Deer Lodge 
 and other important points. The business of the firm 
 was conducted on a large scale, both wholesale and re- 
 tail, and became one of the recognized substantial and 
 growing institutions of the territor}\ In 1874 the in- 
 terest of Paynter was acquired by purchase and Mr. 
 Parchen became the owner. The business has since 
 been conducted in the firm name of H. M. Parchen & 
 Company. By this consolidation Mr. Parchen became 
 the leading retail and wholesale dealer in drugs in the 
 northwest and this position he has maintained until the 
 present day, greatly extending and amplifying his busi- 
 ness as time and the conditions of the trade warranted. 
 By his established reputation for integrity in all his 
 dealings he has reached the acme of success in the 
 business and financial world and his present wholesale 
 and retail establishment in Helena will compare favor- 
 ably with similar concerns in any city of the world. 
 The Parchen Drug Company is the name of the firm 
 at the present time, and is composed of Henry M. 
 Parchen and his two sons, Henry G. and Albert D., 
 and Adele M. Parchen, his daughter. Their business is 
 carried on in a fine three-story brick building on the 
 corner of Main street and Broadway, and they own and 
 occupy in addition to this fireproof warehouses on 
 Broadway and Jackson streets. They are also the manu- 
 facturers of pharmaceutical preparations and standard 
 remedies and have a wide and increasing demand for 
 these products. Their goods are distributed in all 
 parts of Montana, Idaho, Washington and Wyoming. 
 
 jMr. Parchen has always been identified_ with every 
 movement looking to the progress of his city and state 
 and its steady advance and development has been largely 
 due to his influence and exertions. It was due to 
 the influence of Mr. Parchen and his five associates, 
 that the three branch railroads connecting Helena with 
 surrounding mining camps were built by the Northern 
 Pacific Railway Company and which have proved so 
 beneficial to the miners and to the commercial growth 
 and expansion of the business of Helena. He is pres- 
 ident of the Penn Yan Mining Company, whose prop- 
 erty is located near Wickes, Jefferson county. He is 
 interested largely in mines and is a heavy realty holder 
 in and about Helena. He has been foremost in the or- 
 
928 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ganization of many industrial enterprises of a public 
 nature in this part of the state that have had a direct 
 and lasting benefit. As one of the founders of the 
 Helena Board of Trade he was honored by being named 
 as its first president and its usefulness was greatly en- 
 hanced by his untiring and unflagging efforts, until 
 today the Helena Commercial Club, a direct descendant 
 of the former organization, is regarded as one of the 
 strongest and most useful of the kind in the northwest 
 for the promotion of the general welfare. He is also 
 interested in stock growing on a large scale and is the 
 owner of a vast tract of land in Cascade county, on 
 which are ranged herds of cattle and sheep, he being 
 part owner of the Cascade Land Company. 
 
 In early life he was affiliated with the Democratic 
 party and voted for Stephen A. Douglas for the pres- 
 idency in i860, but since the second election of Lincoln 
 he has been a staunch and consistent adherent to the 
 principles of the Republican party and has been hon- 
 ored by the party by election to positions of honor and 
 trust. For three years he was county commissioner of 
 Lewis and Clarke county and was a member of the 
 Twelfth legislative assembly. Fraternally Mr. Parchen 
 is prominently identified with the Masonic order, both 
 the York and Scottish Rite, and for thirty-nine years 
 has served as grand treasurer of the Grand Lodge of 
 Montana. Fie is also a member of the Montana Club. 
 
 In 1872 Mr. Parchen was united in marriage to Miss 
 Emma D’Achuel, a descendant of one of the old French 
 families of St. Louis, where she was born. She is a 
 gracious, very intelligent and progressive woman and 
 is held in the highest esteem by a large acquaintance 
 both in and out of the state of Montana. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Parchen have four children who share with them their 
 beautiful home, which is one of the most elegant in the 
 city, surrounded with spacious grounds and adorned 
 with shrubbery and shade trees. It is a home where 
 hospitality is dispensed with lavish hand and where 
 friends and visitors are entertained in a manner fitting 
 and appropriate to the surroundings. The children of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Parchen are Adele M., Henry G., Albert 
 D'A. and Ruehling A. 
 
 Mr. Parchen has earned a vacation from his arduous 
 duties, carried on for half a century, but is still as 
 active as ever, although he can now relax to a great 
 extent, knowing that his business affairs are in the 
 hands of his sons, who are the brightest and most ca- 
 pable of young men, and have been carefully educated 
 and trained to carry on the great enterprises established 
 by their father. Several years ago Mr. Parchen de- 
 termined to pay a visit to his native land, and, accom- 
 panied hy his wife, son and daughter, returned to the 
 place of his birth in Prussia. There they were agree- 
 ably surprised and pleased to find a number of rela- 
 tives, who were delighted at their visit and took every 
 pains to make their stay most agreeable. They ex- 
 tended their trip around the world, taking in all the 
 great seaports and cities, returning to their home in 
 Helena possessed with a vivid and pleasant memory of 
 many lands, many peoples and many cities. 
 
 JosiAH Fr.ancis Beck, one of the earliest settlers of 
 Butte and one of its best known _ citizens and largest 
 property holders, was born in Indiana, Indiana county, 
 Pennsylvania, on December 16, 1834. He was of Ger- 
 man ancestry, the German rendering of the family name 
 being von Beck. His father. William Beck, was a pros- 
 perous farmer of Indiana county, and the Becks were 
 among the earliest settlers in that section of the state. 
 His mother, Elizabeth Rowe, was likewise descended 
 from an old Pennsylvania family. 
 
 Frank Beck, as he was better known to his friends 
 in Butte, was reared to farm work and received his 
 early education in the district schools of his native vil- 
 lage. Fie later took an academic course and a special 
 business course at Duff’s Business College in Pittsburg, 
 
 and was graduated from that school in 1856. It may be 
 stated here that the young man made his business edu- 
 cation in this college possible by teaching school for a 
 number of terms, beginning when he was but sixteen 
 years old. From 1858 to 1861 he taught in Kentucky, 
 It being his intention then to follow the law or medi- 
 cine. It was more by accident than design that he 
 arrived at Pike’s Peak in 1861, he being in St. Louis 
 on a 'visit when he met his only brother, Daniel R., 
 who was then preparing to go to Colorado. Mr. Beck 
 joined his brother's party and they went up the river to 
 . Nebraska City, there joining a wagon train to Denver, 
 making the trip in twenty-six days. Denver at that 
 time consisted of but a few streets, a number of fron- 
 tier hotels and scattering stores. Soon afterward the 
 party moved on to Central City and Russell Gulch, 
 then the best camps in Colorado. Mr. Beck stopped 
 there a few weeks, where he occupied himself at min- 
 ing and was later employed at various other camps, 
 continuing in prospecting until the summer of 1863. 
 He then went to Denver and was employed as night 
 clerk in a hotel there. In the fall of that year a fire 
 occurred in the hotel with which he was identified, and 
 he barely escaped with his life, and after that expe- 
 rience he decided to return to the east for a visit. In 
 the spring of 1864 he outfitted at Omaha, and with two 
 yoke of oxen and a huge wagon loaded with a supply 
 of sugar, bacon and flour, he made his way safely back 
 to his old camps in Colorado, selling his provisions on 
 the way for fabulous prices. About this time news of 
 the gold strike in Alder Gulch was made public and Mr. 
 Beck immediately set out for Virginia City, reaching 
 there on June ii, 1864. With E. FI. Lockwood he bought 
 a claim at the upper end of the gulch, which they 
 worked with profit. In December of that year he came 
 to Butte and spent the winter at work upon some 
 claims his brother had located there during the pre- 
 vious summer, and in the summer following he and 
 Thomas Hall worked at dry digging, hauling the dirt 
 to the creek with whatever means they had at their 
 disposal, and at the end of three months, when the 
 water failed them, they had cleaned up the tidy sum of 
 better than $S,ooo. 
 
 Silver Bow was then the county seat of the larger 
 Deer Lodge county, and Mr. Beck being one of the 
 best penmen in the vicinity, he was made deputy clerk 
 and recorder, an office which he held for several years. 
 When the county seat was removed to Deer Lodge citj^ 
 in 1865, Mr. Beck went along. But the continued con- 
 finement of office work was displeasing to a man of his 
 nature and in 1866 he resigned his position and returned 
 to Butte. That year the Highland Gulch excitement 
 came up, and, as before, Mr. Beck was among the first 
 on the ground. Flis claims did not prove inordinately 
 rich, and when he finally gave up prospecting there he 
 found himself in debt. Thereafter he traveled to other 
 points in the state, but in 1874 came back to Butte and 
 worked for a number of years at shaft building and 
 other carpenter work. As much of his savings as he 
 could spare from his work he invested in local real 
 estate, which grew in value enormously, rendering him 
 a wealthy man at the time of his death. 
 
 When Butte organized a city government Mr. Beck 
 was elected the first marshal, and at the same time 
 Henry Jacobs was chosen mayor and Charles S. War- 
 ren, police judge. Later Mr. Beck held such positions 
 as deputy sheriff, deputy county treasurer and city 
 treasurer, always taking an active and intelligent in- 
 terest in local and state politics. Eventually, Imwever, 
 he gave up office holding in order that he might de- 
 vote his time more fully to his real estate interests. _ 
 
 Mr. Beck was a Democrat all his life. He main- 
 tained no set religious views, but he was a generous 
 contributor to all sects and liberally supported all 
 charitable enterprises and movements for the communal 
 welfare. He was never known to withhold his hearty 
 
V 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 929 
 
 influence and splendid financial support from any worthy 
 cause. In all his dealings he acted the part of a con- 
 scientious and upright man, and none was held in 
 higher repute than he. His kind and genial disposition 
 made him an amiable companion and a friend whom 
 all were proud to claim. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Beck was affiliated with various as- 
 sociations. He was a charter member of Red Mountain 
 Lodge, No. 12, of the IMasons, organized in 1869, and 
 he later joined Butte Lodge, No. 22, of which he was 
 the first master elected in 1877. He was also a charter 
 member of Damon Lodge, Knights of Pythias. He 
 was a member of the Society of Mountain Pioneers, and 
 for years was president of the Rod and Gun Club of 
 Butte. Fie was particularly fond of dogs, of which he 
 owned several valuable ones at all times, and found 
 great pleasure in hunting and fishing, all outdoor life 
 appealing to him as a true lover of nature. 
 
 Mr. Beck died in Butte on April 28, 1909, and is 
 buried in Mount Moriah cemetery. 
 
 John F. Teb.\y. The late John F. Tebay, a success- 
 ful and well-known citizen and stock-grower of Jeffer- 
 son county, was a Montana pioneer of marked pros- 
 perity. He came to this state from Illinois, his native 
 state, but was a representative of English families. 
 William Tebay and Mary Furthergole, his parents, were 
 both born in England, both came early to America and 
 settled in Kendall county, Illinois, where they were mar- 
 ried at the little town of Bristol. William Tebay be- 
 came a farmer in that vicinity and was otherwise en- 
 gaged during his lifetime in mercantile business in Chi- 
 cago, while that city was 3'et young. He conducted a 
 store on Dearborn street, just across the river on the 
 north side. He died in the Illinois metropolis in 1849, 
 and his burial place was a plot of ground in the section 
 that has since become Lincoln Park. Mary Further- 
 gole Tebay lived until 1884, spending her later days 
 in Montgomery, Illinois. They were highly regarded 
 at a time and in a locality which ranked character as 
 the true aristocracy. 
 
 John F. Tebay, the son of William Tebay, and Mary, 
 his wife, was born in Oswego, Illinois, on the ninth 
 day of October, 1840. In the public schools of that 
 place he received his education and as a boy assisted 
 his father with his different enterprises. When he was 
 nineteen years of age he attempted to find a fortune 
 at Pike’s Peak, but being unsuccessful, returned home 
 after three months. He did not, however, give up the 
 idea of financially finding himself in the west. Five 
 years later, in 1864, he ventured forth upon an overland 
 trip, with a horse-team, to Montana. When he reached 
 Fort Kearney, Nebraska, he found it advisable to wait 
 until a train of teams could be formed in order to in- 
 sure protection from the Indians during the remainder 
 of the journey. He was obliged to remain at the fort 
 for two weeks, by the end of which time seventy-five 
 wagons had arrived. Forming a train, all started toward 
 Salt Lake City, which they reached without experienc- 
 ing any excitement from Indian attacks, although trains 
 preceding and following them were caused not a little 
 trouble of a serious nature. From Salt Lake they pro- 
 ceeded to respective points in Montana. Mr. Tebay’s 
 objective point being Virginia City, which he reached 
 on September 10, 1864. Not long afterward he removed 
 to Jefferson Island, in Jefferson county, where he took 
 pre-emption and homestead claims, later a part of his 
 ranch property, which at the time of his death com- 
 prised 1.600 acres. In establishing this ranch Mr. Te- 
 bay made dairying his major enterprise. During the first 
 winter of his residence and business at Jefferson Island 
 he sold butter at $3.00 a pound ; it then dropped to 
 $1.50; remaining stationary for four or five years, and 
 when finally the rate dropped to $1.00 per pound Mr. 
 Tebay discontinued dairying and specialized in cattle- 
 raising. From 1875 to 1880 he pastured 1,400 head of 
 
 cattle on the Musselshell river, later selling the entire 
 herd. 
 
 At the time of initiating his cattle business Mr. Tebay 
 had gone east by steamboat from Fort Benton in the 
 autumn of 1867 ; in the spring of the following year 
 he had returned with sixteen horses and a load o^ 
 freight. From that time he steadily continued his stock- 
 growing, usually wintering from 500 to 1,000 head of 
 cattle and from 300 to 500 horses. At the time of his 
 death he owned this extensive ranch of 1,600 acres, 
 another of 320 acres near Whitehall, valuable farm 
 property in Franklin county, Iowa, real estate in the 
 city of Helena and holdings of a similar kind in Mont- 
 gomery, Illinois. In Whitehall he also owned two large 
 brick business buildings and a number of dwellings. 
 The fine brick residence which was the family home- 
 stead_ at the original ranch, together with the other 
 buildings surrounding it, indicated the progressive spirit 
 of the owner of that property, for it was counted one 
 of the best in the county. 
 
 Mrs. John F. Tebay was one of two daughters of 
 Joseph and Lucina (Young) Hager, of New York. 
 Alice Hager was born February 22, 1849, in Kendall 
 county, Illinois, and her marriage to Mr. Tebay oc- 
 curred on August 5, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Tebay be- 
 came the parents of three children, all of whom were 
 reared to maturity. James Boyd Tebay is engaged in 
 ranching near Whitehall. Miss Kate Tebay became Mrs. 
 John V. Huffman, of Whitehall, and is the mother of 
 one daughter, Alice Huff'man. Miss Claire became Mrs. 
 John M. Crow, whose husband has taken charge of the 
 Tebay homestead estate near Whitehall. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Crow are the parents of one son, John Franklin Crow. 
 
 John Tebay, the creator of the prosperity outlined 
 above and the progenitor of the family he has left to 
 enjoy it, closed his earthly activities on February 9, 
 1903, and was buried at Whitehall. IMrs. Tebay, who 
 with his son and daughters survives the husband and 
 father, is residing near Whitehall. 
 
 Joseph H.\inds. Success has been worthily attained 
 by Joseph Blainds, who is today accounted one of the 
 most prosperous and influential citizens of the Beaver- 
 head valley. To his energ\-, enterprise, careful manage- 
 ment and keen discernment his present station in life 
 is attributed. For many years he followed ranching 
 in this county, but retired in 1908 and is now free to 
 enjoy in leisure the fruits of his former industry and 
 thrift. Mr. Hainds is one of the Montana pioneers — a 
 stock impossible to surpass in courage, integrity and 
 ability, not even by the Pilgrim fathers, and toda\- he 
 enjoys not merely the respect, confidence and good 
 will of an entire communiW but also its affection, as 
 one of that fine company who paved the way for lat- 
 ter day prosperitv and good government, and in all the 
 years has fostered it. 
 
 Mr. Hainds was born in Sheridan county. IMissouri. 
 March 8, 1844. and there resided until eighteen years 
 of age. Then, lured by the reports of the richness of 
 the opening west, he came overland to Montana, and 
 arrived in the state December 5, 1864. His tenure of 
 residence within the favored boundaries of Montana 
 dates from that time — nearly a half century. He first 
 located in Virginia City, where he engaged in mining, 
 and in jMarch, 1865, went to Helena, but remained there 
 but a short time, going on in June of that year to 
 Blackfoot, where he continued to live for twelve years. 
 At the termination of that period he went to Sin River 
 Crossing and was there for about four >'ears, engaging 
 in the stock business. His next move was to Miles 
 City, where he remained a year, and thence he went to 
 Red Rock, Beaverhead counH, where he was to stay 
 for many years, his operation in ranching and stock- 
 raising continuing until 1908, when he retired and came 
 to Dillon. During alm.ost his entire career he has been 
 upon an independent footing and the only salaried po- 
 
930 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 sition he ever held in Montana was when he worked 
 for Oliver & Company, opening the stage office at 
 Blackfoot for this firm and having under his manage- 
 ment a large number of teams and men. He has 
 always proved a valuable factor in any enterprise, pos- 
 sessing executive ability, tireless energy, engineering 
 skill and genius in the broad combination and concen- 
 tration of applicable forces. He gained his elementary 
 education in the public schools of Missouri and then 
 took a higher course in the college at Mounds, Mis- 
 souri. He earned his first money as a boy of twelve 
 years, as clerk in a store in Missouri, and at an early 
 age were learned those lessons in industry and thrift 
 which have since stood him in such good stead. 
 
 -Mr. Hainds is actively identified with the Democratic 
 partyy in the superiority of those policies and ^ prin- 
 ciples he has ever believed. He has ever held himself 
 in readiness to do anything in his power to advance 
 the welfare of the cause and he is decidedly influen- 
 tial in party ranks. He formerly held the office of 
 justice of the peace and is street commissioner at the 
 present time. His loyalty to state, county and town 
 is unquestioned and in all that effects Dillon and its 
 people he has keen interest and there is no local move- 
 ment which in his judgment promises benefit to any 
 considerable number of his fellow citizens that does not 
 have his cordial advocacy and generous support. He_ is 
 a Presbyterian in his religious conviction, while the faith 
 of his admirable wife is that of the Baptist church. 
 He is like the normal man, very fond of out-door life 
 and in his younger days was noted far and wide as 
 an expert rider, fearless of the most fiery and capri- 
 cious mount. 
 
 Mr. Hainds was happily married at Red Rock, Mon- 
 tana, January i, 1883, the maiden name of his wife being 
 Rose Best. They have two children, as follows : Henry, 
 born October 15, 1888, an expert machinist and resi- 
 dent in Dillon, and Jessie, born at Red Rock, Novem- 
 ber 16, 1898, and now a high school student. 
 
 Mr. Hainds’ father, Henry Hainds, v.'as born in St. 
 Charles county, Missouri, and lived in that state through- 
 out his entire life, following farming and also doing 
 considerable speculating. The mother, whose maiden 
 name was Jane Smith, was born in Virginia and mar- 
 ried in Missouri, where she is interred side by side with 
 her life companion. Mr. Hainds is the eldest in a 
 family of three children. He was but twelve years old 
 when his father died, and virtually ever since that time 
 he has been - hustling for himself. 
 
 Amos Buck. The life of Amos Buck is in itself a 
 minature history of the state of Montana. It was such 
 sons as he who led her from a wild mining camp to a 
 fair and prosperous state, the peer of any of her sisters. 
 Mr. Buck has shared her fortunes from the first in 
 placer mining, as an Indian fighter, an orchardist, a 
 ranchman and a merchant. Her success has meant lijs 
 success and his advancement hers, until now he is 
 known as a merchant king in the oldest of her cities, 
 Stevensville. 
 
 Mr. Buck was born back in Sandusky, Ohio, on Feb- 
 ruary 26, 1844. His father, George Buck was a farmer 
 who came from Pennsylvania to Ohio, and later moved 
 his family to Michigan, where he spent the last days of 
 his life. The mother, Susan Snell Buck, also a native 
 of Pennsylvania, gave birth to thirteen children and lived 
 to the age of ninty-one, being at last laid to rest beside 
 her husband in Monroe county, Michigan. Only three 
 of the thirteen offspring are now living : Amos, the 
 subject of this sketch; Susan, a widowed sister, who 
 married H. C. Vandercock and now makes her home in 
 Sacramento, California; and a brother, Henry, who was 
 for a number of years associated with Amos Buck in 
 the mercantile business. In 1911 he sold his interest in 
 the business to his brother and has now assumed the 
 active management of his extensive ranch and orchard 
 lands in the Bitter Root valley. Fred Buck, who is now 
 deceased, was the captain of Company B, Michigan 
 
 First Heavy Artillery. He served his country loyally 
 from the beginning to the end of the Civil war. 
 
 Amos Buck attended the graded school and high 
 school of Monroe, Michigan, and received a brief course 
 in the Michigan State Normal school. When eighteen 
 years of age, his brother-in-law, Fred Bitting, offered 
 him a position in his general store at Bellvue, Ohio. 
 It was here that Mr. Buck received his first practical 
 experience in mercantile life. Even during his boy- 
 hood he had dreamed -of the west, and the little Ohio 
 town seemed lifeless and enervating in comparison with 
 the freedom and inspiration of those dreams. For 
 two years he clerked faithfully, in the employ of his 
 relative, saving all that he could of his meager wage 
 that his dream might become a reality. In the spring 
 of ’sixty-four, he left Ohio by rail for St. Joe, Missouri. 
 There he joined a company of twenty men, bound for 
 the west. It fell to his lot to drive the four-yoke ox 
 team most of the distance across the plains to Alder 
 Gulch, now dignified by the name of Virginia City. The 
 journey consumed one hundred and forty-six days, but 
 to Mr. Buck it was a pleasure, as it was the beginning 
 of the realization of his ambitions. He can remember 
 no hardships, enroute, equal to some with which he had 
 to contend in later life. 
 
 On his arrival, Mr. Buck began work at placer mining, 
 receiving six dollars per day for his services. His pay 
 was in gold dust, the only medium of exchange known 
 to that camp that winter. Provisions became very 
 scarce before spring and prices accordingly advanced. 
 At one time the men were paying one dollar and thirty- 
 five cents a pound for flour and one dollar a pound for 
 rice. Salt could not be had at any price. A newspaper 
 sold for a dollar, and a messenger charged a dollar 
 for every letter he carried in or out. When the longed- 
 for spring finally arrived, Mr. Buck with his worldly 
 goods strapped to his back, walked to Helena by way 
 of the site that is now Butte. In Helena, he worked at 
 placer mining throughout the summer and autumn. He 
 was present when the first step toward law and order 
 was emphatically taken. An unusually harrowing mur- 
 der had been committed. The culprit was tried by a 
 jury of miners appointed for the occasion. He admitted 
 his guilt and was given one hour in which to arrange 
 his worldly affairs before meeting death on the scaffold. 
 In such manner were the rights of man protected in the 
 early days of Montana. 
 
 In the autumn of the same year, Mr. Buck went to 
 California Gulch, near the present location of Black- 
 foot City, where he mined until October of 1886 before 
 going to Lincoln Gulch where he purchased his first 
 mine. During the four years in which he worked his 
 own mine he was able to accumulate some little means. 
 In 1870, the property being worked out, he sold the 
 water rights and pushed on to Cedar Creek, Missoula 
 county. There he was joined by three brothers, Henry, 
 Fred and George. Together they built boats and floated 
 down the Blackfoot river to the timber country, where 
 they rip-sawed the trees into boards, carrying many a 
 load back to some mining claim or camp. These boards 
 sold for twenty-four cents per foot, board measure, the 
 brothers often earning as much as forty dollars .a day, 
 and the work lasting for more than sixty days. The 
 oldest brother, George, in the meantime engaged in 
 mining. The other brothers, Amos, Henry and Fred, 
 joined George at Camp 67, where each of them pur- 
 chased an interest in the mine. In 1871 Amos Buck 
 was called to Bitter Root valley on business and so 
 pleased was he with the strip of garden land and its 
 future prospects, that four years later, when the brothers 
 were able to dispose of their mine to advantage, they 
 settled in the Bitter Root, locating in Stevensville, where 
 they established the mercantile house that today is so 
 well known. It is now not only the oldest but the 
 largest firm of its kind in the community. 
 
 The Buck brothers had been in Stevensville scarcely 
 two years when the trouble with the Nez Perces Indians 
 reached its culmination. The battle commenced on the 
 

 I 
 
 -t 
 
 
 
 V 
 
 
 % 
 
 i 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 931 
 
 ninth day of August, 1877. The women, children and 
 personal property were so far as possible sent from the 
 town to Fort Owen, all of Mr. Buck’s merchandise being 
 removed by wagon. The Indian band outnumbered 
 many times the small company of soldiers reinforced by 
 the brave citizens of Stevensville. Among these citizens, 
 Amos Buck was one of the leaders. During the twenty 
 hours of hot conflict he alone fired thirty-five shots. 
 For a time the Indians had the white men surrounded 
 in Big Hole Gulch and the outcome looked dubious. 
 However, the discipline of the soldiers under General 
 Gibbons, together with the determined efforts of the 
 long-suffering men of Stevensville, finally won the day; 
 another instance of right against might. Sixty-nine 
 white men, many of them settlers who had come to 
 Montana to find homes for their families, lost their 
 lives in this bloody battle. The Indians fled in dismay, 
 after leaving more than two hundred of their braves 
 on the field. The best account of this — the last stand 
 of the Nez Perces Indians was written by Mr. Buck 
 himself, and now remains on file in Volume VII of the 
 Montana Historical Society. His activity in the pro- 
 tection of Stevensville, added much to the ^ already 
 growing popularity of the young man, and time has 
 proved that the confidence of his fellow citizens was not 
 misplaced. 
 
 In the autumn of 1905, Mr. Buck was chosen by the 
 Republicans of his district to represent Stevensville and 
 vicinity in the state legislature. While in the assembly 
 he fathered the bill naming Ravalli county and intro- 
 duced the one creating Sanders county and naming it 
 for the worthy general whose courage had done much 
 for Montana. 
 
 In fraternal circles, Mr. Buck is again a leader, having 
 filled all of the chairs in the Masonic 'blue lodge and 
 in the Odd Fellows of Stevensville. It was largely due 
 to his efforts that the fund was raised for establishment 
 of the prosperous manual-training high school which 
 is so important to the youth of the city. 
 
 Amos Buck, during his young manhood succeeded 
 in winning for his wife. Miss Rosa V. Knapp, of Albion, 
 Michigan. Even in matrimony the fates seemed to 
 favor him. Mrs. Buck is the daughter of Jared Knapp, 
 of New York state, who in his younger days settled in 
 Michigan and became one of her wealthy agriculturists. 
 Personally, she is a woman of culture and education, 
 a graduate of Albion College, class of 1878. Their only 
 child, Charles Buck, has now completed the course 
 offered by the Montana State University and is now 
 department manager in his father's establishment at 
 Stevensville. 
 
 While Amos Buck is a very successful merchant his 
 interests are much too large to be confined within the 
 four walls of any mercantile establishment. He owns 
 large tracts of mineral and ranch lands not to mention 
 his city realty. The orchard industry of his state has 
 not escaped him. In person, he planted the first Mc- 
 Intosh apple trees in Montana. These are now more 
 than thirty-five years of age and are one of the attrac- 
 tions of Stevensville, as they did so much toward proving 
 to the doubting, another great possibility of the Montana 
 soil. One of Mr. Buck’s favorite titles is that of "father 
 of the red McIntosh,” bestowed upon him by the 
 nurserymen of the state. 
 
 Now that their days of strenuous labor are over and 
 the reward has come, Mr. and Mrs. Buck spend much 
 time in travel. Their favorite mode of pastime, how- 
 ever, is journeying overland, not with a four-yoke ox 
 team but in their powerful automobile. 
 
 David Fratt. One of the largest individual cattle 
 owners in the state of Montana, and a man who had 
 been closely identified with the financial interests of 
 this section of the country for a number of years, was 
 David Fratt, of Billings, an excellent example of the 
 class of men who came to Yellowstone Valley as pio- 
 voi. n— 8 
 
 neers and achieved success solely through their own 
 efforts. Mr. Fratt was born in Albany county, New 
 York, December 27, 1840, and was a son of Jonathan 
 and Mary (Turner) Fratt, farming people of the Em- 
 pire state, and on his father’s side of the family of 
 German descent, while his mother’s people were na- 
 tives of England. Mr. Fratt was the youngest of his 
 parents’ five children, and all are now deceased. 
 
 Jonathan Fratt followed the occupation of farming 
 in New York state until 1846, and in that year moved 
 to the territory of Wisconsin as a pioneer, settling in 
 the vicinity of Burlington, Racine county, where he 
 spent the remainder of his life in agricultural pursuits, 
 and where his death occurred in his sixty-eighth year, 
 his wife passing away when sixty-two. David was but 
 si.x years of age when he accompanied his parents to 
 the new territory, and his education was secured in the 
 primitive district school, the greater part of his time, 
 however, being spent in assisting his father to clear 
 and cultivate a farm from the wilderness of the new 
 country-. He remained at home until i\Iay, 1864, when 
 he decided to go to the territorir of Idaho, and accord- 
 ingly took a train to Dunleith, Illinois, and crossed 
 the Mississippi to Dubuque, Iowa, on a ferry. From 
 there he went by rail on the Dubuque, Fort Dodge & 
 Western Railroad, now a part of the Illinois Central 
 system, to Waterloo, Iowa, the western terminus of 
 the line, and from that point continued his journey 
 with an ox-team in company with a large party of 
 emigrants. From Omaha the party proceeded along 
 the north side of the Platte river, and opposite Scott’s 
 Bluffs they were attacked by Indians, who killed one 
 member of the company and wounded another, be- 
 sides stealing a portion of the stock. When they 
 
 reached Red Bluff' the party left the Platte, having 
 changed their minds and decided to come to ^Montana 
 instead of Idaho, proceeded to the Sweet Water river 
 via the old California trail of 1849, and went thence 
 up the river to South Pass and by Lander’s cutoff to 
 Eagle Rock on Snake river, in Idaho. From that 
 point they followed the old Salt Lake trail to Virginia 
 City, where they arrived in September 1864, the com- 
 pany there disbanding. When this party left Waterloo, 
 Iowa, there were seventy-five men, women and chil- 
 dren in the company, and now the only ones known 
 to be living are Mrs. J. E. Morse, of Dillon, Mdntana, 
 and Mrs. William Carter, of Dillon, who was Annie 
 Selway and was a child accompanying her parents. 
 Soon after the disbandment of the company Mr. Fratt 
 removed to Confederate Gulch, where during the sum- 
 mer of 1865 he was engaged in mining, and subse- 
 quently was the first man to operate a threshing ma- 
 chine in that part of IMontana. In 1871 he turned his 
 attention to stockgrowing, and he continued to follow 
 this line in that vicinity until 1878, when he moved over 
 the range to Shields river, and in 1882 moved to the 
 Musselshell river vallej', where he maintained large 
 ranches and conducted a business that was excelled 
 by few in the state. His faith in the future of Mon- 
 tana had been demonstrated by investing in large ranch 
 properties all over the state, and the general supervi- 
 sion of these tracts occupied the greater part of his at- 
 tention. He made his home, however, in Billin.gs, and 
 had a handsome residence at No. 205 North Twenty- 
 ninth street. He was stock commissioner for Yellow- 
 stone county for twelve or fourteen 3'ears, but in 1911 
 resigned from this office. He was one of the organ- 
 izers and principal stockholders of the Yellowstone 
 National Bank, of which he was vice-president for a 
 number of years, and in 1908 was one of the_ or- 
 ganizers of the Merchants National Bank of Billings, 
 and was a director in this institution at the time of his 
 death. His political belief was that of the Republican 
 party, but he never sought public preferment. The 
 success which attended his efforts was the result of 
 perseverance, energy and ability, directed along the 
 
932 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 proper channels, combined with absolute integrity in 
 the enterprises to which he gave his attention. He was 
 highly esteemed as one of the pioneers of this section, 
 and honored and respected throughout the county and 
 state. 
 
 Mr. Fratt was united in marriage in 1888 to Mrs. 
 Kate Armour, who was born in the state of New 
 Jersey. 
 
 His death occurred on the 19th of March, 1912, at 
 his residence in Billings. Thus another one of the 
 grand old pioneers of Montana has gone to his reward, 
 but his memory will be long cherished by a host of 
 friends and admirers. 
 
 George F. White, prominent in Twin Bridges since 
 1889, was born in Spanish Fork, Utah, on November 
 29, 1858. He is the son of Peter and Susan M. (Terry) 
 White. The father was a native of the Keystone 
 state, born and reared there, coming to the west in 
 1849. He spent some years in Utah, but Montana 
 represented his home during the later years of his 
 life. He followed blacksmithing and mining while in 
 the west, and lived through the most vivid pioneer 
 stage known to western life, and was well and favor- 
 ably known in this section of the country, his life 
 being marked by his many deeds of charity, a trait 
 which was one of his strongest characteristics. He 
 died in August, 1886, when he was sixty-three years of 
 age, and is buried at Rochester, Montana. The wife 
 and mother, who was a native of Canada, met and 
 married Mr. White in Utah, the ceremony being per- 
 formed at Salt Lake City. She still survives, and is 
 at present living in California. Eight children were 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. White, of which number George 
 F. was the second born. Three of the sons besides 
 George F. are residents of Montana, as follows: Flenry 
 is a resident of Rochester, Parshall E. is married and 
 lives five miles from Anaconda, where he is engaged 
 in the hotel business ; he was born in Alder Gulch in 
 1865. Ira J., who is also married, lives at McArty, 
 Madison county, Montana. 
 
 Mr. White, as a boy in his parents’ home, lived at 
 Spanish Fork until he was about six years of age, 
 at which time the family removed to Montana. They 
 made the trip in the primitive mode of travelling in 
 those early days, and arriving at Fort Bridger, Wyom- 
 ing, wintered there, in the spring moving on to Mon- 
 tana, reaching Virginia City in the early summer. Mr. 
 White has since that time been a resident of the state, 
 and has with the passing years done his full share to 
 the making of the state. Public school advantages in 
 Montana in his boyhood days were noticeable prin- 
 cipally by their non-existence, and as a consequence 
 such education as Mr. White received was the result 
 of his own ambition and initiative. He was fortun- 
 ately of a persevering and inquiring nature, and those 
 characteristics have enabled him to acquire a fair 
 education — even surpassing that which other youths 
 attained with decidedly better advantages. Mr. White 
 has always been a devotee of good literature, and 
 reading is one of his principal pleasures — a fact which 
 has been of immense advantage to him in the pursuit 
 of knowledge. The first position he filled as a boy in 
 any earning capacity was at work in a placer mine, 
 and he followed the work for about five years. He 
 then engaged in burning charcoal by contract, also 
 did some contract building for the Hecla Company. 
 He was thus occupied for a period of two years, after 
 which he again turned his attention to mining, in which 
 he continued for seven years. In 1889, following his 
 second mining experience, Mr. White engaged in the 
 mercantile business in Twin Bridges, and he has been 
 here since that time, barring a seven year period in 
 which he withdrew from his mercantile interests partly 
 and engaged in ranching and stock raising in Madison 
 county. He eventually returned to Twin Bridges and 
 
 resumed his old business, and he is now conducting 
 an immensely popular general merchandise business. 
 
 Mr. White is one of the prosperous and popular 
 men of this section of the country, and is as highly 
 esteemed for his qualities of good citizenship as for 
 his general amiability. He is a Democrat, and at one 
 time was especially active in the interests of the party, 
 but of later years his ever growing business interests 
 have detracted in a measure from his activities along 
 those lines. He was a member of the state legislature 
 in 1901 and 1902, and while a member of that body 
 was the instigator of a number of reforms now in 
 effect in Montana. He is a member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, but other than that has no fraternal affilia- 
 tions, and is not a member of any church, although he 
 regards them all with manifest respect and courtesy. 
 Mr. White is an ardent sportsman, and is especially 
 fond of horses. He is also devoted to automobiling, 
 and in 1910 he made an overland trip in his car from 
 Twin Bridges tO' San Diego, California. He was 
 accompanied on the trip by his wife and three sons, 
 and they visited every town between the two points 
 which their route touched. The trip was unattended 
 by any misfortunes or untoward adventures, and will 
 long be remembered by them as one of their most 
 pleasing experiences. Mr. White is enthusiastic in 
 his views of the future of Montana, and says her 
 prospects are brighter than those of any other state in 
 the union, barring none. He has made numerous trips 
 through the west in search of a business location, but 
 he avers that the more he saw, the greater became his 
 conviction that Montana could not be improved upon in 
 the way of opportunities. Thus he has continued here, 
 content to be a part of the busy life of the northwest, 
 and secure in his belief in the continued prosperity of 
 the country. 
 
 On March 31, 1891, Mr. White was united in mar- 
 riage at Butte City, Montana, with Annie Miles, the 
 daughter of George W. and Adelaide J. Miles, for- 
 merly of Kansas City, Missouri. They have three 
 sons : George M., who is associated in the business 
 with his father, passed through the public schools and 
 is a graduate of the San Diego Normal College, and 
 the two younger, Irving J. and Lockett C., are both 
 attending school. 
 
 Joseph Carl Keppler. One of the most interesting 
 business careers of Montana has been that of the oldest 
 and the first jeweler of the state. The profession of gold 
 and silversmith is one of the oldest in the world, rank- 
 ing with the artificer in bronze and iron of early Bibli- 
 cal times. But so intimately is the coining of money 
 associated with the production of the precious metals of 
 gold and silver that the mint seems to have a more 
 appropriate and natural place at the mines than the 
 establishment of a manufacturing jewelei". But some 
 of the first inhabitants of Montana the men who made 
 the first lucky strikes in the mines, brought part of 
 their findings to this pioneer jeweler and had it wrought 
 into shapes of service and adornment. 
 
 Few men would have more interesting reminiscences 
 of that early period in the history of this state than 
 Joseph Carl Keppler, of Anaconda, the first regular 
 jeweler who followed the inrush of population to this 
 region. He has had ad active business career here for 
 upwards of half a century ,_ and has long held the most 
 prominent place in that line, and is also honored as 
 one of the sterling citizens who have contributed to 
 the making of the Treasure state. 
 
 A native of Germany, Joseph Carl Keppler was born 
 on the loth of March, 1844, and attended the schools 
 of his fatherland until he was fourteen years old. At 
 that time he accompanied his parents on their immi- 
 gration to America and settlement in the old town of 
 Galena, Illinois. There he began learning the trade 
 of jeweler and watchmaker. His employer was J. W. 
 
i '; 
 
 '^6 
 
 • frj >r 
 
HISTORY OF AIONTANA 
 
 933 
 
 Safely, who was also identified with Ulysses S. Grant 
 in different enterprises at Galena, and the young ap- 
 prentice came to know quite well that unpretentious 
 and not very successful business man who in a few 
 years was the commander in chief of the greatest army 
 of the world and later became president of the country 
 which he did so much to preserve. 
 
 In i86i young Keppler went west to Denver, where 
 he finished his apprenticeship and in three years was 
 graduated as a proficient jeweler and watchmaker. He 
 was then twenty years old, and with the spirit of youth 
 and the pioneer he started for Montana, driving an ox 
 team overland and arriving in this almost wilderness in 
 1864. Bannack was his first location, where he was in 
 business for himself two years. He then established 
 a pioneer jeweler’s shop in Virginia City, and did 
 much manufacturing of the native metals on the special 
 orders of his customers. This was a unique line of busi- 
 ness such as probably few living gold or silversmiths 
 in the country ever engaged in. In the spring of 1868 
 he returned to Bannack, which was his home and 
 place of business for the next ten years. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Keppler moved his business to Glendale. 
 He had been successful in his previous ventures, but 
 here he laid the foundation of his permanent prosperity. 
 When he left there he had among his general property 
 several thousand dollars in gold dust. The country was 
 then infested by highwaymen and road agents, and to 
 insure the safety of this treasure he engaged two men 
 as guards for his wagon. In the spring of 1884 Mr. 
 Keppler moved to Anaconda, the city with which he 
 has since been identified as business man and citizen. 
 From the narrow scope and meager stock of his busi- 
 ness in the early years he developed his enterprise in 
 keeping with the advance of the state, and has con- 
 ducted one of the very best and largest concerns of the 
 kind in the state. No man has better deserved success 
 than Mr. Keppler, and his distinction as the oldest 
 jeweler of Montana is not the chief among his claims 
 to honor and esteem. 
 
 During the ’70s President Hayes appointed Mr. Kepp- 
 ler postmaster of Glendale, and at the request of the 
 business men of the town he continued to hold the 
 office during the succeeding administration. He was . 
 also appointed postmaster of Anaconda, and served 
 four years. Mr. Keppler was one of the incorporators 
 of the town of Anaconda, and served among the first 
 aldermen. His home is one of the best in the city, 
 and he owns valuable business property and is also 
 heavily interested in gold mines of the state. All of 
 his prosperity has been the result of his own char- 
 acter and ability, for it will be remembered that he 
 began life when only a boy in years, with the diffi- 
 culties of a new language and a new country to contend 
 with. He is prominent in Masonry and the Eastern 
 Star, and is called the father of the Anaconda Masons, 
 being one of the incorporators of the first lodge in 
 this city. He is also affiliated with the Elks, the Odd 
 Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 Mr. Keppler’s first wife, who was Miss Clara Kirk- 
 Patrick, of Boston, Massachusetts, died at Dillon, Mon- 
 tana, in 1890. Of her five children, four are deceased, 
 and Eugene Robert is an engineer for the A. C. M. 
 Company of this city. In 1894 Mr. Keppler married 
 Mrs. Martha Haning, of New Brunswick, Canada. They 
 have no children. 
 
 Mr. Keppler’s parents were Joseph and Christine 
 (Funke) Keppler, both of whom are now deceased 
 and their final resting place is at Galena, Illinois, where 
 they settled on coming to America. Their eight chil- 
 dren are named as follows : Michael, a mine owner at 
 Galena; Sophia, wife of Mr. Nick Roth, of Galena; 
 Anna Mary, the wife of John Smith, of Dubuque, Iowa; 
 Valentine, who died at Dubuque, May 22, 1911; Joseph 
 C., the next in the family; John, a resident of Gutten- 
 berg, Iowa; Helena, the wife of John Bautsch, of Den- 
 
 ver, Colorado; and Elizabeth, the widow of Benjamin 
 Neynes, who was a farmer at Creighton, Nebraska, 
 where she died June, 1912. 
 
 Henry Elling, in his life time one of the most loyal 
 and public spirited citizens to whom Montana lays claim, 
 was born in Germany, the date of his nativity having 
 been the 9th of December, 1842. Both his parents died 
 before he had reached the age of fifteen years and at that 
 time he immigrated, with a still younger brother, to 
 the United States, proceeding direct to Missouri, where 
 an older brother had previously settled. His first posi- 
 tion in this country was in a mercantile house where 
 he received the meagre salary of six dollars a month 
 and board. In 1861 he removed to Leavenworth, Kan- 
 sas, and in the following year located in Denver, Colo- 
 rado, in which latter city he worked as salesman in a 
 clothing house until 1864. In that year he decided to 
 launch out into the business world on his own account 
 and accordingly purchased a stock of goods which he 
 brought to Virginia City by team, opening a store here 
 in October. Subsequently, when Last Chance Gulch, 
 now Helena, burst forth as the newest Eldorado of 
 the west, he secured a partner and removed his busi- 
 ness to that place, where he established headquarters 
 in a little log house, with a saw-dust floor. He was 
 tremendously successful at first, but later lost all he 
 had made and was obliged to close out his stock, after 
 which he went east for a short period. 
 
 He paid off all his debts, secured a new stock of 
 goods and started all over again in Nebraska City, 
 then the supply point for the freighting outfits of the 
 west. For a time he was successful there but when 
 the supply point changed to Omaha he was once more 
 obliged to give up, this time with a large stock of 
 goods on his hands. He then returned to Virginia 
 City and here it would seem the tide of his fortunes 
 turned, for he was eminently successful from the very 
 beginning. In 1873 he opened a banking house and 
 from that time on his success was insured. He was a 
 natural born financier and with the passage of time 
 became the richest man in Madison county. Through 
 his banking interests he became interested in many 
 financial and mercantile institutions, including a num- 
 ber in other parts of Madison county. In 1894 he was 
 made president of the Commercial Exchange Bank at 
 Bozeman, and after getting it in good running order 
 he assumed charge of the Carbon County Bank, at Red 
 Lodge, as its president. Later he was made a di- 
 rector in the State National Bank in Miles City and 
 about that time also secured stock in the National 
 Bank at Big Timber and in the Bank of Fergus County 
 at Lewiston. In January, 1898, he organized the Union 
 Bank & Trust Company of Helena, of which he was 
 elected president. Two years earlier he had joined 
 the syndicate which purchased the Gallatin Light, 
 Power & Railway Company of Bozeman, that held 
 the street railway and electric lighting franchises of 
 the city. He was a business man of tremendous 
 strength and met with success in all his financial un- 
 dertakings. 
 
 Fraternally Henry Elling was affiliated with the Ma- 
 sonic order, in which he had passed through the circle 
 of the York Rite branch, and he was also affiliated 
 with the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the 
 Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks. While a stal- 
 wart Republican in his political allegiance, he could 
 never be prevailed upon to accept public office, al- 
 though he was at one time urged to run for governor. 
 He was at one time, however, mayor of Virginia City. 
 
 On_ July 20, 1870, he married Miss Mary B. Cooley, 
 a native of Iowa and a daughter of W. A. Cooley, who 
 came to Madison county in 1868. This union was 
 prolific of ten children, three of whom are deceased, 
 in _ 1912, namely, Alice, Henry and Herman. Those 
 living are : Flelen K., wife of jim Bowman and a resi- 
 
934 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 dent of San Francisco, California; Henrietta, wife of 
 P. H. Gohn, of Pony, Montana; Mabel, now Mrs. T. 
 G. Hutt, of Kansas City, Missouri ; Carlotta, wife 
 of R. H. Fenner of Sausahiti, California; Karl, as- 
 sociated with his brother Horace B. in the banking 
 business in Virginia City; and Flarrison C., of Har- 
 vard University. 
 
 On November 14, 1900, Mr. Elling was summoned 
 to the life eternal. A man of high impulse, strong 
 moral fiber, fine judgment and keen foresight, he 
 helped to build the community in which he lived and 
 it suffered an irreparable loss at the time of his death. 
 There is no perfection in human character, yet he came 
 as near to the most attractive ideal of such perfection 
 as any man who has gathered about him the affection 
 and admiration of his fellow men. He was free from 
 a censorious spirit and was never heard to utter an 
 unkind criticism of any one. His convictions were as 
 solid as adamant and neither fear nor favor could 
 shake them from him, yet he tried to estimate human 
 character in the light of that charity which “hopeth all 
 things, which beareth all things, which is not easily 
 provoked, which thinketh no evil.” He exercised a 
 commanding influence over men, not as the result of a 
 conscious ambition or a studied purpose, but rather 
 from an instinctive homage the world awards men of 
 exalted character and incorruptible principles. He was 
 a man swayed by a conscience enlightened by the 
 truth and spirit of God. His ambition to be right and 
 do right was the paramount incentive, and he counted 
 not the cost of so noble an end. 
 
 A cherished memor}' is an enduring monument more 
 ineffaceable than polished marble or burnished bronze. 
 “To live in the hearts we leave behind is not to die.” 
 
 Judge Mortimer H. Lott is a pioneer of Montana, 
 well known throughout Madison county and regarded 
 as the father of Twin Bridges. He it was who laid 
 out the town, after he had lived on the land for years, 
 since 1864, in fact, the year in which he squatted on 
 it. The present town site was for years his ranch, 
 and since the town was organized Twin Bridges has 
 been Judge Lott's home. Fie was the first mayor of 
 the town and was for years a member of the school 
 board, having resigned in 1911, not caring to feel the 
 responsibilities of the office longer. He was judge 
 of probate of Madison county for years, and also served 
 as county commissioner. In all, his life has been one 
 of the fullest activity, and he has been a citizen of 
 great intrinsic worth to the county and city. 
 
 Judge Lott was born in Lottville, Warren county, 
 Pennsylvania, on Christmas day in 1827. He is the 
 son of Hewlett and Maria Lott, of that state, where 
 they passed their lives. His education was represented 
 by early public school training and a special academic 
 course at FTedonia, New York, and until he came west 
 he devoted himself to farming interests at the Pennsyl- 
 vania home. Fie was thirty years old when he de- 
 cided to look about him for a western location that 
 seemed suitable, and in the course of his seeking he 
 visited many states, including Minnesota, Iowa, Ne- 
 braska and Kansas. He settled in Marshall county, 
 Kansas, where he remained for about two years, dur- 
 ing which time he was engaged in farming. He went 
 to California Gulch, Colorado, from Kansas, and en- 
 gaged in mining there, an occupation which held him 
 for a few months, after which he went to New Mexico, 
 his stay there being represented by about a year. He 
 next returned to Colorado and for a short time was 
 engaged in mining ventures. On July 10, 1862, he 
 arrived in Montana, and on reaching Bannack he fol- 
 lowed mining for a while, then went to Virginia City, 
 this state, and started a store in October, 1863, which 
 he operated there for about two years. His journey 
 to Montana was attended by the most thrilling expe- 
 riences, and so insistent were the attentions of the In- 
 
 dians that they barely escaped with their lives. His lit- 
 tle party were assailed by hostile warriors at every 
 hand, and for three days and nights they dared not 
 sleep. They finally reached Fort Bridger in a state of 
 complete exhaustion, and while the soldiers guarded 
 Aheir outfit the travelers slept through from eleven 
 'o’clock in the morning until four in the next after- 
 noon. Ihe rest of the journey was made under escort 
 and they reached their destination in safety. In 1864 
 Judge Lott squatted on the land which represents the 
 present site of Twin Bridges and for years he car- 
 ried on a ranching business here. He is a pioneer of 
 the sturdiest type, and has endured much in the years 
 in which he has watched Montana come out from a 
 state of semi-civilization to that of one of the greatest 
 commonwealths of the nation. Much credit is due to 
 him for his labors in and for the state, more especially 
 for Madison county. He has built mile upon mile of 
 good roads in the county, one of the things which 
 conduce most surely to settlement and advancement. 
 He has held many important offices in the administra- 
 tion of the affairs of the county and of Twin Bridges, 
 and is at present a member of the board of aldermen 
 of the city, on which he has served for years. He is 
 now practically retired from business of all kinds, his 
 office on the board of aldermen being the only public 
 appointment he holds, having resigned from all others, 
 or refused to stand for re-election. Fie is a member of 
 the Masonic order, in the blue lodge, chapter and East- 
 ern Star, and has served his local lodges as master. 
 At Deer Lodge, in September, 1912, he was elected 
 president of the Society of Montana Pioneers. 
 
 In 1882 Judge Lott was united in marriage with 
 Melvina J. Carson at Twin Bridges. She was for- 
 merly from the state of Iowa. Two children have 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lott; Maria L. is married 
 to L. Comfort and lives at Twin Bridges, where Mr. 
 Comfort is postmaster ; Mortimer J. is a student at 
 Parson’s College in Fairfield, Iowa. 
 
 Newton Budd. No class among the American people 
 today is entitled to more credit or greater respect than 
 the hard pioneers, who, leaving comfort and compara- 
 tive ease behind them, braved every danger of the 
 untrodden wilderness, reducing it to a state of fruit- 
 fulness through their unremitting toil and the exer- 
 cise of a stupendous amount of labor. Of this class 
 was the late. Newton Budd of Big Timber, in Sweet- 
 grass county, one of the Montana pioneers of 1864 
 and one of her most honored and respected citizens. 
 He was born on December 23, 1830, at Sharon, Penn- 
 sylvania ; he died at Big Timber, Montana, on March 
 -2S> 1905. and between these milestones of time lie many 
 weary miles of travel and many days of hard work on 
 the part of this sturdy pioneer of two states. 
 
 When Newton Budd was a young man his parents 
 brought their family from Pennsylvania into the newer 
 state of Iowa. They came overland by wagon, and 
 
 their journey into the west was attended by the sad 
 
 death of the father of the family. The mother with 
 her goodly family was thereafter in a large measure 
 dependent upon the labors of her eldest son, Newton. 
 They completed the unhappy journey into Iowa and 
 there established the home which had been the dream 
 of the father. In 1854 Newton Budd married Miss 
 Sarah Simmons in Iowa, and to them were born five 
 children, named as follows : George S., born in Iowa, 
 
 in 1857, and died in 1886; Laura, born in 1859 and 
 
 died in 1888; Barbara Terrissa, born in 1861 in Iowa; 
 William H., born in Iowa and now a resident of Marys- 
 ville, Montana ; Pearl M., born in Montana ; she has been 
 twice married, her first husband having been a Mr. 
 Cavanaugh, by whom she had one son, Budd H. Cav- 
 anaugh ; she later married A. T, Kellogg, and now 
 resides in Seattle, Washington ; Dick, born February 
 18, 1876, at Clancy, Montana. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 935 
 
 In 1864 Newton Budd left his wife and three chil- 
 dren in Iowa, in the town of Bellview, and made his 
 way to Montana, locating in Virginia City. For some 
 years he followed mining and shared in all the many 
 deprivations of the pioneer prospector in untamed Mon- 
 tana. After some years he took up a ranch at Lump 
 Gulch, some miles from Clancy, Montana, and there 
 he brought his family, the two younger children of 
 the house being born there. At one time, as the partner 
 of one John Rohrbaugh, Air. Budd ran a stage line 
 from Helena, to Wicjes, Montana. In the summer of 
 1882, having sold his ranch in Lump Gulch to the 
 Halfords, he removed with his family to a new farm 
 in the Yellowstone valley, near Big Timber, and there 
 he lived for seven years. In 1889 he moved into the 
 town of Big Timber to engage in the general mer- 
 chandise trade, the hardware business, and in later 
 years, the drug business. In 1900 he became a part- 
 ner of his son (Dick) in the drug business at Big 
 Timber, and so continued for four years. _ He was a 
 man of excellent health and ceaseless activity, and his 
 life was a busy one, from his boyhood until its close. 
 
 Newton Budd was a member of the Society of Mon- 
 tana Pioneers and had served as vice president of the 
 organization. In March, 1905, he was attacked with 
 typhoid-pneumonia and his death occurred on the 25th 
 of that month. The Montana Daily Record of Alarch 
 27th said of him : “Newton Budd, seventy-four years 
 
 old, is dead. Mr. Budd was one of the oldest resi- 
 dents of Sweet Grass county, having come here from 
 Bellview, Iowa, in the sixties. He was born in Penn- 
 sylvania in 1830, was married at the age of twenty- 
 four, and raised a large family of children. His fam- 
 ily are all grown now, one living in Big Timber and 
 the others in various other states. He also leaves an 
 aged wife. Mr. Budd was taken ill with pneumonia 
 and sunk rapidly until the end came. He was buried 
 Sunday in the Big Timber cemetery.” The same pa- 
 per of March 28th, said in part : “The funeral services 
 over the remains of Mr. Newton Budd were held at 
 the Congregational church on Sunday, Rev. E. A. Cook 
 officiating. The funeral was more largely attended than 
 any previous similar occasion and the church would 
 not accommodate half the people, great crowds stand- 
 ing outside during the services. Interment was made 
 at Big Timber Cemetery.” 
 
 Dick Budd, the son of Newton and Sarah (Sim- 
 mons) Budd, was born on the home ranch in Lump 
 Gulch, near Clancy, Montana, on February 18, 1876. 
 From the age of six he passed his boyhood on the 
 farm near Big Timber, attending the schools of that 
 town up to the age of sixteen. When he had reached 
 that age he left school to go into the drug store of 
 Dr. W. E. Moore at Big Timber, .'and so well did 
 he advance in the work that a few years later he 
 bought a half interest in the business. In 1898 he 
 bought out Dr. .Moore’s share and in igoo took his 
 
 father into partnership, disposing of the establish- 
 ment after four years. In '^904 Dick Budd became 
 
 active in politics in Sweet Grass county, and was elected 
 county treasurer, assuming the 'duties of the office in 
 March, 1905. His regime proved so satisfactory to the 
 public that he was reelected in igo6, serving until 
 March, 1909. In April of that year he moved to 
 
 Seattle, Washington, and until September i, 1912, was 
 connected with two of the largest drug stores in that 
 city. On September 12, 1912, he purchased the interest 
 of J. G. Tucker in the old established Fishen Drug 
 Company in Helena, and removed to that city to assume 
 his interest in the business. 
 
 Politically Mr. Budd is a Republican, and his fraternal 
 affiliations are with the Masonic order, the Knights of 
 Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of America at Big 
 Timber. Montana. 
 
 On June i, 1898. Mr. Budd was married at Butte, 
 Montana, to Miss Alary Florence Blake, the daughter 
 
 of John Blake of Big Timber. Two children have 
 been born to them, Irene, October 15, 1899, and New- 
 ton Dick, August 7, 1907, 
 
 William R. Woods. In the early 6o's John R. 
 
 Woods, with his wife Adeline Shaffin Woods, left the 
 Alissouri town in which he had been born and came 
 to what was then an unsettled country. This word ap- 
 plied to Montana at that time in both its meanings, for 
 the state was sparsely populated and* Indian uprisings 
 added to the depredations of the lawless element in 
 the scanty white population made existence decidedly 
 unsettled. The elder White pursued the occupations 
 of ranching and mining, then the only considerable 
 industries in this region, and he experienced all the 
 phases of pioneer life. He lived in a number of dif- 
 ferent towns in the course of his career as a miner 
 and cattle man, including Bannack, Diamond City, 
 White Sulphur Springs and Livingston. His faithful 
 wife, the mother of his two sons and one daughter, 
 died in White Sulphur Springs in 1880. She was but 
 forty-three at the time of her death. Her husband 
 survived her twenty-two years, living to the age of 
 seventy-six. He is buried in Livingston, where he 
 spent his later years. The daughter Alaggie Woods 
 now lives in Red Lodge, her married name being Airs. 
 J. H. Liehl. C. H. Sherman, a half-brother of Wil- 
 liam Woods the sheriff of Fergus county, is in business 
 in White Sulphur Springs. 
 
 It was at Bannack, Alontana, that William R. Woods 
 was born, on the 20th of November, 1864. He was the 
 middle one in the family of three in point of age. 
 When he was six, his parents left Bannack for the 
 more promising town of Diamond City, where they 
 remained two years before moving to White’s Gulch. 
 In 1878, White Sulphur Springs became their home, 
 and William Woods resided there until 1882, when he 
 moved to Fergus county. In that city, he set up his 
 own household, with Stella AI. Pyle as his wife. Her 
 parents are Alarcellus and Ruth Pyle of White Sul- 
 phur Springs. 
 
 This same town was the place where Air. M^oods re- 
 ceived the most of his schooling. He had begun to 
 work on a cattle ranch at the age of fourteen, and* 
 from that time, he earned his own living. He worked 
 during the summer and saved money to put himself 
 through school in the winter. During the entire time 
 in which he worked for wages, he was in the employ 
 of but four cattle companies. When he came to this 
 county, he went into business independently, and in 
 1^2 he added a livery establishment in Lewistown to 
 his ranching interests. 
 
 Always interested in politics. Air. Woods has given 
 much time to the interests of the Republican party 
 organization, and was naturally selected as candidate 
 for office. Under J. D. Waite he served as deput}’ 
 sheriff for a term of four years, and he is now filling 
 the office of sheriff'. His life-long acquaintance with 
 the country and its people render him especially fitted 
 for this post, whose duties he discharges with fear- 
 lessness and despatch. 
 
 Education is a matter upon which Air. AVoods sets 
 high value, and those of his eight children who are 
 old enough, are enjoying the advantages of some of the 
 famous institutions of the country. Alargaret is now 
 attending Oberlin, the first of the schools across the 
 Alleghanies to stand for the culture which we call 
 "New England” in spirit, by which is meant highest 
 standards of scholarship and' character in its students. 
 Aliss Gladys is at Valparaiso, Indiana, a school not less 
 noted than Oberlin, though of different purpose in its 
 training as it makes a specialty of the commerciai 
 branches. William, the only son, is a high school 
 graduate, and Lucy is still in high school. Mary and 
 Laura are in the grades, and Alay is not yet in school. 
 One daughter, Stella, is married. Her home is in 
 
936 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Evergreen, Ohio where Mr. Denny is a farmer of the 
 modern type, who understands how to make agricul- 
 ture a paying business. All of the children were born 
 in this state. 
 
 Mr. Woods is a member of the Judith Club, but 
 fraternal societies have no attractions for him. He 
 belongs to the Methodist church and he is one of the 
 rare men for whom it is not necessary to relax the 
 old-time discipline of that communion, which forbids 
 the use of liquor and tobacco. For, remarkable to 
 state of anyone born and reared on the frontier, Mr. 
 Woods has never permitted himself either of these in- 
 dulgences. Mrs. Woods is one of the most earnest 
 and indefatigable workers in the church, and it would 
 be difficult indeed to fill her place in its ranks. 
 
 Any sort of recreation which takes one into the open 
 commends itself to Mr. Woods, though he confesses 
 to a preference for hunting. His hobby is roping, 
 and in this he excels. When actively at work on the 
 ranch, he had the reputation of being one of the 
 champions of the district, which is eminently fitting 
 in one to whom the range is native, and whose heart 
 is in the state and its wonderful future. 
 
 O’Dillon B. Whitford, M. D. Probably there is no 
 better known nor more highly esteemed citizen in 
 Butte than Dr. O'Dillon B. Whitford, a resident of 
 Montana for nearly fifty years, and for more than 
 thirty-five years one of Butte’s leading men in the medi- 
 cal profession, in the mining industry and in public life. 
 Although he has reached an age when most men would 
 regard it time to retire, he is still engaged in the active 
 practice of medicine, having so lived his long and use- 
 ful life that he is in full possession of his faculties. 
 Dr. Whitford was born in the new town of Wooster, 
 Wayne county, Ohio, November 4, 1834, the first child 
 born there, and is a son of Augustus H. and Charlotte 
 (Bidwell) Whitford, the father of Scotch stock and the 
 mother of English descent. The families of both had 
 come to America in the colonial times, and Dr. Whit- 
 ford’s parents proved themselves worthy descendants 
 of colonists. They followed the westward tide of 
 progress, settling first in Ohio and later moving to 
 Indiana. 
 
 Dr. Whitford completed his professional studies in 
 the Eclectic College of Cincinnati in 1856, and during 
 the following year went to Denver, Colorado, where he 
 was engaged in practice until 1864. That year was 
 characterized by Dr. Whitford’s advent in Montana, 
 his first location being at Virginia City, and after four 
 years he went to Rochester. Subsequently, in 1870, 
 he located at Deer Lodge, but in 1876 he came to 
 Butte, where he has continued in practice to the pres- 
 ent time. For many years Dr. Whitford was largely 
 interested in mining operations, and from 1864 to 
 1868 spent large amounts of money in developing Ster- 
 ling county land. From 1868 to 1870 he belonged to 
 mining organizations formed by Judge H. Z. Hay- 
 ner, a company which was widely known and which 
 made large sales of mining properties. In 1872 Dr. 
 Whitford purchased a mine in Cable, which he de- 
 veloped and in which he was interested for a time, 
 and subsequently became the owner of two mines in 
 Beaver Head county and of the silver mine, “Wan- 
 derer,” which he purchased in 1876. He was also 
 interested in the Meaderville valley mines. In 1868 
 Dr. Whitford built the Miners Hospital, of Butte 
 City, which was the third he had erected in the state, 
 the others being at Virginia City and Rochester, and 
 during the four intervening years, 1871-1874, he was 
 surgeon of the penitentiary at Deer Lodge. In 1870 
 he was elected an alderman of Butte, and in 1883 
 received the election to the office of mayor, in which 
 he served with distinction. 
 
 On November 26, 1854, Dr. Whitford was married 
 to Miss Mary Jane Tanner, of Indiana, and they had 
 
 three children : Charles S., born in 1856, a gradu- 
 
 ate of the Chicago Eclectic College, and now a prac- 
 ticing physician; Roseman Estella, born in 1859, at 
 Arlington, Nebraska, who died December 15, 1909; 
 and Mrs. Henrietta W. Comstock, now a resident of 
 the state of Washington. Mrs. Whitford died at 
 Deer Lodge, July 4, 1870, and the Doctor married 
 (second), in 1873, Mrs. Susan Lavina (Sweeney) Hol- 
 loway, daughter of John L. Sweeney, a pioneer of 
 Montana, and whose social graces and her many 
 talents have been of the greatest value to her able 
 husband. To this union there was born one son, 
 O'Dillon B., Jr., born in 1874 at Deer Lodge, Mon- 
 tana, who died at Butte in February, 1891. 
 
 Dr. Whitford, as has been before stated, is still en- 
 gaged in active practice, and is in the best of health. 
 He reads and writes without the use of glasses, and 
 his memory is wonderful, as is proven in his having 
 committed to memory the following speech, his latest 
 one, delivered during the summer of 1912. He has 
 frequently spoken before large assemblages of pioneers 
 and their children, and was president in 190S of the 
 Montana Pioneers Society. The speech, which fol- 
 lows, not only discloses the sterling principles of Dr. 
 Whitford's character, but also shows the genial, kindly 
 philosophy of a man who, having lived among all 
 kind and manner of men, has become a faithful judge 
 of human nature and still has an abiding faith in 
 mankind : 
 
 “While some of our old-timers have blazed diver- 
 gent trails, at our annual reunions we meet to extend 
 the glad hand of welcome to our unwrinkled-faced 
 comrades who have for years and years delved into 
 the bowels of these rock-ribbed mountains for the an- 
 ticipated prize that has stimulated the prospector from 
 vigorous manhood to declining age in hopes of a re- 
 ward for his arduous labor in sinking shafts, cross- 
 cutting, faults and seams, driving tunnels and follow- 
 ing the trend of stringers to their barren confluent. 
 Such has been the work of your humble servant since 
 A. D. i860, in Colorado and Montana. I have been 
 within a few feet of my fortune several times, but 
 never quite deep enough to reach it. So it has been 
 with the majority of my old-time friends, whose cheer- 
 ful faces now confront me with a satisfied look of 
 contentment that their work has been well done, their 
 mission performed, hence are ready at the first call 
 of nature to leave this mundane sphere for an end- 
 less home. Why should we not be? Have we not 
 contributed to the wants of the needy, clothed the 
 naked and fed the hungry? Have we been found 
 wanting? Have we left undone those things which 
 we ought to have done? Have we done those things 
 we ought not to have done? Let those who succeed 
 us in the affairs of state pass judgment upon our 
 conduct according to our deeds. The oft repeated 
 saying is a true one that ‘The pioneer is the van- 
 guard of civilization.’ I am a pioneer of Ohio, In- 
 diana, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Colorado and Montana. 
 No railroads were in any of the states mentioned 
 where I lived when I left them; in fact, the first loco- 
 motive and railroad track I ever saw were at Silver 
 Bow Junction when the narrow-gauge was being con- 
 structed from Ogden to Butte. During the month of 
 April, 1856, I left my native and adopted states and 
 with my first wife, who died in Deer Lodge, July 
 4, 1870, and a son (now living in Lewiston, Idaho), 
 father, mother, five sisters and four brothers, equipped 
 with ox-teams hitched to schooner wagons, the only 
 mode of travel then, wended our weary way towards 
 the setting sun. When within sixty miles of Council 
 Bluffs, Cass county, Iowa, the hand of death snatched 
 from our ever-watchful mother a faultless husband 
 and father of her ten devoted children. We dug his 
 grave on a little grassy knoll, improvised a crude cas- 
 ket out of some rough lumber we could spare from 
 
fe; 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 937 
 
 one of our wagons, into which with our own hands 
 we carefully laid the remains of the one so dear to 
 ns and lowered it into the newly-made grave, en- 
 closed it with a rough board fence, around which the 
 bereaved family circled to take a last sad farewell. 
 As I leaned over that homely fence, I imagined I 
 could see beneath that little mound the noble face of 
 my boyhood days, wet with perspiration, felling the 
 trees of the forest, where I first learned to lisp his 
 name, admire his genius and love his virtues. There 
 we left him with the requiem of the sighing winds 
 and roving Indians and resumed our journey west- 
 ward. 
 
 “Crossing the Missouri river between Council Bluffs 
 and Omaha, we journej^ed twenty-two miles farther 
 west to the Elkhorn river bottoms, where we pre- 
 empted lands. On the 13th day of October, just three 
 months to a day from the date of the death of our 
 father, our mother died of a broken heart, grieving 
 over the loss of her companionable husband. Soon 
 the family ties were severed, drifting to different 
 parts of the United States. Two sisters are bur- 
 ied in Tampa, Florida, and two in California; one 
 brother is buried in Clarkston, Washington, one on the 
 old homestead in Nebraska, and one starved to death 
 in Andersonville Prison, his grave being unknown. 
 The surviving sister and a brother live near Red 
 Bluffs, California, and one in Montana, now boring 
 her pioneers with a doleful history of a once-happy 
 family, the majority of whom have passed into the 
 unknown, which teaches us that the fate of man 
 resembles the fate of nature. It is similarly depend- 
 ent on natural laws and it obeys without exception 
 the same stringent and inexorable necessity which gov- 
 erns all that exists. It lies in the nature of every 
 human being that was born to die; no one has ever 
 escaped that law. Death is the surest calculation that 
 can be made and the unavoidable keystone to every in- 
 dividual existence. The supplications of the mother, 
 the tears of the wife, the despair of the husband, 
 cannot stay its hand. The natural laws are rude, un- 
 bending powers which have neither morals nor heart. 
 No call can awaken from the sleep of death; no angel 
 can deliver the prisoner from the dungeon; no hand 
 from the clouds reaches bread to the hungry; no 
 power above answers the supplications of man; no 
 power from above ever protected us from the forces 
 of nature ; where the thunderbolt is attracted there it 
 will strike; the path of the cyclone is strewn with 
 the dead and the dying. The remorseless earthquake 
 blots out the lives of many of our good people by flood 
 or fire, regardless of the supplication to the unknown 
 to stay the hand of death. Change and decay, life and 
 death follow each other according to nature in such 
 rapid succession that we have scarcely time to look 
 around us ere we drop into eternity. 
 
 “As I gaze upon the features of these sturdy pi- 
 oneers, I can regretfully perceive the silver chord is 
 loosening, the golden bowl is breaking. The inevita- 
 ble end that awaits every one of the old-timers of 
 the Treasure state is fast approaching. But a little 
 while the morning and evening papers will tell the 
 story of the last survivor — of his jovial personality, 
 his many kindly acts, his deeds of valor and his er- 
 rands of mercy. 
 
 “When the pioneers assembled on the old familiar 
 stamping-ground (Alder Gulch) several years ago, 
 I attempted to address them, but on account of ill 
 health then I was unable to do so, and although the 
 address was published in the biographical sketches 
 in the ‘History of Montana,’ if you will indulge me 
 I will recapitulate the closing part, as a few of the 
 faces I see here were present there. After detailing 
 the hardships, trials and tribulations of the early pi- 
 oneers, I closed as follows : 
 
 Thus day after day, and year after year. 
 
 Have our joys been mingled with our sorrows and 
 tears ; 
 
 And today, my old friends, not in the future to fear 
 We have issued a roll-call to see how many are here. 
 
 As time rolls on from year to year. 
 
 Let us continue counting the number still here; 
 When the last one is counted by himself alone. 
 
 May he do so unmindful of those who are gone. 
 
 For what is a life but a ripple at sea 
 Compared with the thousands that are yet to be 
 To the millions unborn who in time will appear 
 And travel the blazed trails of the old pioneer? 
 
 Why think of it, friends, a million years hence 
 What an atom we will be in the measureless expanse ! 
 What thought, what sense and what reason can there 
 be 
 
 In predicting a future that no one can see? 
 
 “As well teach that the mind of man was in exist- 
 ence before it was born. Let us be content with the 
 past, present and future, as worshiping a phantom can 
 make us no better. 
 
 “As we have done in the past, I trust we will con- 
 tinue to the end and employ our faculties to augment 
 the happiness of the meritorious and assist as much as 
 we possibly can, the worthy and friendless in alleviating 
 their distress and their sorrow. Thus will we fulfill 
 the inherent mission of the old timer, at whose de- 
 mise, and upon whose headstone should be inscribed 
 in letters of gold; ‘Here beneath this little mound 
 rests in peace the remains of one of the noblest of 
 men, whose friendship and advice, if appreciated by 
 the living, will be as durable as the race of man.’ 
 
 “Aged pioneers, we are all mindful of the many, 
 many hard days’ work done in Montana in anticipa- 
 tion of a competency at least sufficient to tide us com- 
 fortably over the brink of life, and in my irregular 
 train of thought, my silent meditation, I half dream 
 of something beautiful coming to us, but it don’t come, 
 and \ye are growing old. Hence I realize that the 
 vaporing dreams vanish with life of the dreamer un- 
 rewarded. 
 
 “Aged pioneers, as our race wdth time is almost 
 won, in the language of the poet, Robert Burns, ‘O 
 wad some power the giftie gee us,’ and I say, with 
 power, to turn the wheels of time backwards to the 
 youthful, happy days, months and years when we 
 were as one family gratuitously united, when the 
 draughts of kindness overwhelmed the present sordid 
 conditions, when human pity never did forsake us, 
 when the joys of life were unconfined, when equity 
 was law and inequity received its inglorious chastise- 
 ment at the hands of honest but impartial citizens 
 determined on self preservation. When Montana was 
 denuded of the undesirable element that disturbed 
 the peace and quietude of her reputable citizens, until 
 the thieves and murderers were annihilated. Were 
 we today governed by the same impending, just laws 
 enacted by these old timers, when the necessities de- 
 manded retribution, we could still be enjoying the 
 comforts and pleasures of life that nature provides 
 for every reputable, honorable citizen and not be 
 compelled to look into the muzzle of a gun with a 
 demand for our hard earnings. Such a villian was 
 hunted down, tried by honest men. before honest 
 laws, and when found guilty, paid the penalty of his 
 crime by dangling in the air at the end of a rope, the 
 rope being the only expense connected with the cap- 
 ture, trial and conviction of the criminal, which now 
 costs the tax-payers thousands and thousands of dol- 
 lars defraying the expenses of witnesses, juries, courts, 
 and the quibblings of lawyers over hypothetical, teach- 
 
HISTORY OF .AIONTANA 
 
 !);58 
 
 nical brain storms. In an altercation between two 
 gamblers, where one was killed, as was frequently the 
 case, we meted out justice to the aggressor invaria- 
 bly according to the evidence. Our laws were inde- 
 feasible and we did nothing to iinpair the dignity, 
 honor and fame of a people in placing Montana's bril- 
 liant star on our national ensign, which has no fear 
 on our star spangled banner in radiating effulgence in 
 representing a state with natural ine.xhaustible re- 
 sources brought into requisition and productiveness by 
 the intrepid pioneer whose primitive laws protected 
 every honorable individual in the pursuit of his labor. 
 We were able and did meet the responsibilities thrust 
 upon us. No one, however, was adjudged guilty and 
 executed e.xcept upon positive evidence, but we drew 
 a line of demarcation for the suspicious character 
 wdth a warning not to cross it, w'hich he politely 
 obeyed. Thus have the pioneers of Montana played 
 an important part in the nation’s history, never los- 
 ing interest in the events of the hour until age and re- 
 sponsibility, ill-matched pair, reminds us that death 
 comes to the w’orn and weary as the plucking and 
 harvesting of the golden grain, as the falling of the 
 autumn leaf, which forces us to realize that the rus- 
 tling garments of time forever still the beating heart 
 of the aged. Hence it is only a question of time with 
 us all, and I here quote from the poet who said : 
 ‘We live in deeds, not years — in thoughts, not in 
 breaths — in feelings, not in figures on the dial,’ and, 
 
 I say, his life is greatest w'ho thinks the most, feels 
 the noblest, acts the best and reasons the most jrro- 
 found — reasons with the intellectual philosopher. That 
 nature (as far as w'e can discern) without passion and 
 without intention performs, transforms and retrans- 
 forms forever, She neither weeps nor rejoices, she 
 produces man without purpose and obliterates him 
 ■without regret.’ Nature is the governing power of 
 the universe and ‘She knows no distinction between 
 the beneficial and the hurtful.’ She knows no begin- 
 ning and she knows no ending. She always was, she 
 is, and always will be, in proof of which the eminent 
 scientist tells me to draw a dark circle on a sheet of 
 white paper and as in its orbit the end joins the be- 
 ginning, so is the end one with the beginning through- 
 out the universe. In the eternal cycle everything 
 strives toward its commencement and every beginning 
 yearns to be where the end joins it. Therefore, we 
 should quarrel no longer as to whether we will ever 
 be immortal spirits, for no power of death can break 
 the imperishable chain of things. All that is has been 
 in existence from eternity and not a tiniest speck of 
 dust ever loses itself in the arms of death. Supersti- 
 tion was my first thought, reason my second. Nar- 
 row is the world and wide the brain. 
 
 "Now I have a few thoughts stored in my mind 1 
 desire to impart to our sons and daughters. That an- 
 other year has come and gone since we last met in 
 Butte, which finds my health so much improved that 
 I can stand erect and address you without looking for 
 a support to my back. Health, I consider, is superior 
 to all possessions. The young apparently do not appre- 
 ciate it, but the aged do. The glory and pomp of 
 the world are naught when compared to health. If the 
 wealth of Croesus were mine, and my body racked with 
 pain and disease, I would give it all in exchange for 
 health, for what worth is man without strength of 
 body to vitalize the mind to do or not to do, to do 
 that which is right. Then, my young friends, the 
 good people of the whole world will emblazon the 
 footprints of your time for the good you will have 
 done, the grand precedent you will have established 
 for generations unborn. I fancy I hear some of you 
 asking yourselves the question: ‘What is Right?’ In 
 
 answering that question I will recapitulate the oft- 
 repeated axiom ‘To do unto others as you would have 
 others do unto you.’ My young friends, sons and 
 
 daughters, as this may possibly (but not proba!bly) be 
 the last time allotted me to address you, my age indi- 
 cating that my usefulness will soon be over, I trust 
 you will indulge me in giving you the advice which 
 I have conscientiously practiced during my mature 
 years. I have always been a student of reciprocity, 
 justifiable forgiveness and benevolence, and I ask you 
 to let the sensation of humanity interest you for the 
 condition of your associates and fellow creatures. Let 
 your generous hands stretch forth to lend succor to 
 the unfortunate citizen who is overwhelmed by his 
 destiny. Always bear in your recollection that it falls 
 as heavy upon you as it does upon him. Acknowledge, 
 then, without guile that every unfortunate has an 
 inalienable right to your kindness above all. Wipe 
 from the eyes of oppressed innocence the trickling 
 crystals of agonized feeling. Let the distressed virtues 
 fall upon your sympathizing bosom; let the genial glow 
 of sincere friendship animate your honest hearts ; let 
 the fond attachment of your wife, cherished by her 
 warmest affections, make you forget the sorrows of 
 life. Be faithful to her love, responseful to her ten- 
 derness, that she may reward you by a reciprocity of 
 feeling, that under the eyes of parents united in vir- 
 tuous esteem your children may learn to set a proper 
 ^■alue on practical virtue; that after thus occupying 
 your riper years you may comfort your declining age 
 and thus gild, with content, your setting sun. 
 
 "The strongest impression of my life is coupled with 
 an infatuation to inculcate peace and harmony. Thus 
 have I been deeply interested on my long journey so 
 far through life to the ripe age of almost seventy- 
 eight years, and thus will I continue to the end. 
 Should any of you become derelict in your duties 
 to your fellow men, rehearse with sentimental feel- 
 ing the lines of the poet, that ‘man’s inhumanity to 
 man makes countless thousands mourn,’ which should 
 appeal to the sympathies of any who values life as 
 worth the living. When we profoundly contemplate 
 the environment of man, his many duties in worldly 
 affairs, his encroaching responsibilities if coupled with 
 avarice, we should appeal to him in the language of a 
 philosopher, in tones of eloquence, that ‘reason is the 
 supreme judge for a contented mind,’ that avarice is 
 the twin to a miser, whose greed for gold destroys 
 him in every element of gratitude, rendering his ears 
 deaf to the cries of the widows and orphans. The 
 avaricious miser has no love for the beautiful, the 
 good and the true, nor a sense of duty to family, 
 friends or society. Therefore, let us cultivate and 
 practice benevolence, which teaches us to consider the 
 welfare of the human race, also extend a helping hand 
 to the needy, if we are financially able so to do. Then 
 we can be reconciled to the immutable order of things, 
 when there will be no question unsolved as to our 
 happiness here and forever. Every flower which un- 
 folds its blossoms, every star which shines by night, 
 will illuminate our voyage to our eternal restful sleep. 
 The jealousies, bickerings, and quarrelings that en- 
 thrall the ubiquitous mind are not known among pi- 
 oneers ; social conditions are perfect with us. The 
 caste which bound us to the station in which we were 
 born was broken when in early pioneer days we di- 
 vided our bacon and beans with our honest com- 
 rades. Here in this society the door of privilege' is 
 open to the meritorious only, to the person who is in 
 search of honest opportunities. My young friendly 
 pioneers’ sons and daughters, in conclusion I ask you 
 to look around and observe how many old-timers 
 are here today, and in the not far-distant future, when 
 they will be no more, when they will have passed into 
 that unknown country, ‘from whose bourne no traveler 
 returns,’ think not that they lived in vain, that their 
 advice is ignored. Stay by and with it until your 
 vision can no longer discern the daily rising and set- 
 ting of the sun, so that the grand precepts established 
 

 
 
 
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HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 939 
 
 by the Alontana Pioneers will be scrupulously observed 
 by their sons and daughters as a rule and guide to 
 their conduct, always bearing in your recollection that 
 your ancestors have won a name and achieved fame 
 that will for all time cluster around Montana's his- 
 toric reminiscences.” 
 
 Dr. O’Dillon Whitford's life has justified that ova- 
 tion which greeted its beginning, for it has been dedi- 
 cated to the service of the public through the chan- 
 nel of the lofty profession of medicine. In i88i the 
 Eclectic Aledical College of iMilwaukee bestowed an 
 honorary degree upon Dr. Whitford in recognition of 
 his important contribution to medical knowledge in 
 the treatment of pneumonia and typhoid fever. The 
 strides which have been made in the successful war 
 against these diseases are among the triumphs of mod- 
 ern therapeutics. 
 
 Dr. Whitford is an honored member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, and also of the Old Timers' Association 
 of Silver Bow county. In 1892 he was made president 
 of the society. He is one of the most popular citi- 
 zens of Butte, as he is one of the foremost in his pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Ch.vrles H. Green, president of the Green Cattle 
 Company, which was incorporated in 1893, has taken an 
 active part in the development of the west during his 
 lifetime. The industry in which he is now occupied 
 is one of the most extensive enterprises of its kind in 
 Montana, being devoted to the breeding of thorough- 
 bred horses and cattle to a great extent. All his life 
 Mr. Green has been interested in the stock business, 
 that having been the business of his father, who was 
 one of the big stockmen of the state. 
 
 Mr. Green was born in Virginia City on September 
 16, 1864, and is the son of John H. and Isabella (Mor- 
 row) Creep. The father was born in Norwalk, Huron 
 county, Ohio, on January 18, 1836, and was the son 
 of Philip and Clarissa (Wood) Green, of New York 
 state. They had eight children, of which number two 
 reached years of maturity. 
 
 John H. Green, the third child of his parents, spent 
 his young life in Ohio and Michigan, and attended 
 school in Detroit. In 1859 he went to Colorado and 
 engaged in the sale of merchandise until 1864, when he 
 came to Virginia City, ^Montana, and engaged in the 
 livestock business. In 1867 he went to Silver City and 
 there dealt in miners’ supplies for a number of years, 
 and in 1880 went to Fort Benton and engaged in the 
 livestock business on a large scale. He had as many as 
 five thousand head of stock on his ranch at one time, 
 and prospered steadily. He became the owner of a 
 considerable amount of real estate in Fort Benton and 
 throughout the county, and became prominent in the 
 financial activities of the city. He was one of the 
 organizers of the Stockmen’s National Bank and was 
 a director of the bank for clears. He died in Fort 
 Benton November 23, 1903, survived by his widow and 
 four children. IMrs. Green was born in Canada on 
 October 10, 1847, a daughter of Malcolm IMorrow, a 
 pioneer of Montana of the year 1863. Six children were 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Green, two of whom, Jannetf 
 and Eber W., died in childhood. The others are 
 Charles H. of this review, Walter M.. William J. and 
 Frances E„ all of whom are associated together in the 
 enterprise of which Charles H. is the head. 
 
 When Charles H. Green was an infant the family 
 moved to Helena and settled in the Prickly Pear valley, 
 where the father was for a time engaged in dairy 
 farming and other enterprises. In 1876 he moved to 
 Rock Creek, and there was started the mammoth stock 
 business which reached generous proportions during 
 his lifetime and which has been expanded on a wide 
 scale since his death by his sons. In 1887 Charles 
 Green left home and settled in Great Falls. [Montana, 
 and formed a partnership with Charles Taylor, and 
 
 they were the first to operate a livery business in this 
 section of the country. They continued in that busi- 
 ness for three years, then traded the business for sev- 
 eral hundred head of horses, which he drove to Chou- 
 teau county, becoming sole owner and joining the 
 cattle business. In 1903 the business had reached gen- 
 erous proportions, and on the death of the elder Green, 
 the business was incorporated under the state laws. 
 Charles H. Green was made president, and has since 
 continued in that position; Walter M. is secretary and 
 treasurer, and resides in Lewistown, [Montana ; William 
 J. is vice-president, and [Mrs. Isabelle Green, the mother, 
 and Frances Green, sister of the subject, are also mem- 
 bers of the firm. In this way the interests of John H. 
 Green were in a measure perpetuated, and the two 
 have united to form one of the really big stock breed- 
 ing enterprises of the state. The company was incor- 
 porated for $100,000, including cattle, horses, ranch 
 property, etc., all located in Chouteau count}c 
 
 In addition to his ranching interests, Mr. Green has 
 identified himself in a prominent way with numerous 
 other industries, among which are the Benton Sana- 
 tarium, of which he is president, and the Benton Drug 
 Company, in which he holds the position of treasurer. 
 He served as mayor of Fort Benton from 1906 to 1908, 
 and is now a candidate for re-election. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Commercial Club of Fort Benton, and is 
 inclined to an independent view in matters of a political 
 nature. 
 
 On November 14, 1892, [Mr. Green was married in 
 Fort Benton to Miss Lottie E. Smith, the daughter of 
 John R. Smith. Three children have been born to 
 them; [Mary C., born in Fort Benton in August, 1893; 
 Helen H., born April 21, 1897, and John H. Green, 
 also born in Fort Benton, October 20, 1899, being his 
 natal day. 
 
 Alfred jM. Esler was a pioneer of [Montana and one 
 who, during the thirty-six years that marked the period 
 of his residence in the state, was engaged in min- 
 ing, and few men did more than he in the development 
 of that portion of the vast resources of the state. 
 
 Air. Esler was a native of Carthage. Jefferson county. 
 New York, where he was born’*on October 5, 1837, of 
 French Ancestry. His parents, Aloses and Sophia 
 (Wemott) Esler, were both natives of New York. 
 They had seven children, — four sons and three daugh- 
 ters, of which Alfred AI. was the eldest. The father 
 was a carriage manufacturer. He led a useful and 
 worth}^ life and died in his sixty-second year. The 
 mother survived her husband a number of years and 
 died in New York. 
 
 Alfred AI. Esler was educated in the public schools 
 of his native state and there learned the trade of a house 
 painter and decorator. He engaged as a merchant at 
 Boonville, carrying a line of wall paper, books, station- 
 ery, etc., and was so engaged when the reports of the 
 rich gold mines in Alontana induced him to leave a 
 profitable business and come west and seek a fortune. 
 Accordingly he sold out in 1864 and made the journey 
 across the plains and mountains with ox teams, the 
 trip being accomplished after long and tedious months 
 of travel. He and his brother-in-law made the jour- 
 ney together, both being accompanied by their wives. 
 At the end of five months they reached their destination, 
 — Bannack, and there they divided their effects. Air. 
 Esler getting two yoke of oxen for his share. He traded 
 his oxen for a placer claim and engaged in mining, but 
 soon afterward discovered that his claim was valueless. 
 Later in the season Governor Edgerton gave him the ap- 
 pointment of justice of the peace. With this office and 
 by keeping boarders, they managed to live. The follow- 
 ing spring, in 1865, he met with a great bereavement in 
 the loss of his wife. In that year he engaged in gold 
 prospecting and was fortunate enough to locate a good 
 silver mine near Argenta, which he named the Legal 
 
940 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Tender, and which was the first quartz claim worked in 
 the state. That fall he started with a six-horse wagon 
 load of ore and took it back across the plains to the 
 east, and thence to Europe to a smelter. His showing of 
 it to the people of the east resulted in the formation of 
 a company, to which he sold a three-fourths interest in 
 the mine. In the spring of 1866 he returned to engage 
 in a St. Louis company and Mr. Esler gave him $20,000 
 in gold to put up a smelter and smelt two hundred tons 
 of the ore. It proved a success, and Mr. Esler after- 
 ward put up two smelters and a refiner. After they had 
 taken out a ton and a half of silver the mine gave out, 
 and the freights were so high it was impossible to make 
 it pay with the ore the mine was producing, so they 
 discontinued work there. Subsequently, Mr. Esler, with 
 his brother Frank, leased a smelter at Jefferson City, 
 Montana, and six months later it was burned. Mr. 
 Esler located various mines in Montana, with varied 
 success, and at one time was interested in the Parrot 
 mine in Butte; in fact, it was during his connection with 
 this property that the facilities for mining the ore were 
 greatly increased. For a period he was interested in 
 developing mining property at Wickes and also had 
 holdings in the Rimini district. He became interested 
 in several rich mining prospects in the Coeur d’Alene 
 district, including the Badger, Emma and Last Chance 
 mines, and became interested in a deal looking to the 
 development of property purchased by the Bunker 
 Hill and Sullivan Company. Mr. Esler engineered that 
 deal which had more to do with the development of 
 the great silver and lead district than any other enter- 
 prise. Fie helped to organize the Helena & Frisco Com- 
 pany, composed largely of Helena capitalists, who made 
 a great amount of money from the mine, the controlling ^ 
 interest being later sold to an English syndicate. 
 
 In 1892 the Badger mill was blown up by the miners 
 who had struck for higher wages,— a demand whichj 
 the owners of the mine deemed unreasonable and with 
 which they could not comply. They shut down the 
 works, and later, upon opening again, they_ employed 
 new men. While sixty men were at work in the mill 
 it was blown up with giant powder, and the miners 
 attacked the workmen, five being killed and fifteen in- 
 jured. Two of Mr. Esler’s brothers were in the mill 
 at the time. One was taken prisoner and the other es- 
 caped by hiding in an excavation. Mr. Esler had been 
 firm and resolute during all the trouble, and at the 
 time of the attack one hundred men went in search of 
 “Old Esler’’ as they called him. Some of the men who 
 participated in the outrage were later tried and sent to 
 the penitentiary. 
 
 Mr. Esler’s last mining operations were on the Black- 
 foot ceded strip of Altyn, Teton county, Montana, 
 where the A. M. Esler Mining & Milling Company had 
 under bond the Cracker and Bullhead copper proposi- 
 tions. They had practically completed a concentrator 
 and were soon to begin operations, when Mr. Esler 
 was stricken and died very suddenly on September 10, 
 1900. 
 
 Mr. Esler was a member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 being made a Master Mason at Brookville, New York, 
 soon after he had attained his majority, and he ever 
 retained his active membership in that order. He was 
 a Republican and always took a deep interest in po- 
 litical matters, serving his party well. He was elected 
 a member of the territorial legislature of Montana 
 in 1866. In that year there were only two Re- 
 publicans in the house, and the laws passed by 
 the legislature were so noxious that through the 
 efforts of Senator Sanders, the whole action was an- 
 nulled by the United States congress. In those ex- 
 citing times a man ran no little risk in being a Re- 
 publican, and it required a deal of courage for Mr. 
 Esler to maintain his position and act and vote_ accord- 
 ing to his convictions, but he proved himself in every 
 way equal to the occasion. In 1896 he became a Sil- 
 ver Republican and so remained until his death. 
 
 Mr. Esler was a member of the Episcopal church 
 and was a trustee of St. Peters Hospital, in the af- 
 fairs of which he took a deep interest. On January 29, 
 1874, he was married to Ophelia B. Johnston, eldest 
 daughter of Colonel Johnston, who was a well-known 
 pioneer of Montana, coming first to the territory in 1862, 
 and bringing his family in 1864, that year marking the 
 advent of Mrs. Esler in the state. Col. Johnson died 
 in 1891. 
 
 Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Esler, as 
 follows: Amy died in infancy; Frances M. is the 
 
 wife of Harry E. Woodman, a business man of Helena, 
 and they have two children, — Richard E., who died 
 young, and Elizabeth Kathryn; Alfred M., Jr., died 
 May 25, 1894, in the eighth year of his life. 
 
 Mrs. Esler continues her residence in Helena on 
 Harrison avenue, where the family of her daughter also 
 resides. Mr. Esler was a man of quiet tastes, retiring 
 in manner, but yet possessed of a strong and forceful 
 character. He had a wide acquaintance throughout this 
 section of the country and well merited the high es- 
 teem and regard in which he was held. He was particu- 
 larly fond of his adopted state, Montana, and had great 
 faith in its future. Any movement for the advancement 
 and good of the state received his heartiest support, and 
 Montana owes much to him, as he was a pioneer in a 
 number of important districts in the state. 
 
 ) Malcolm Morrow. The entire career of Malcolm 
 Morrow, one of the prominent citizens of Fort Benton, 
 is illustrative of the many trying experiences with which 
 the pioneers of Montana had to contend, and an item- 
 ized record of the various hardships through which he 
 has passed and the numerous narrow escapes which 
 characterized his early life would fill many pages in 
 this volume. A somewhat brief record of his career, 
 however, will be of interest to those of the younger 
 generation, in that it will show of what hardy stuff 
 these pioneers of the commonwealth were made, and 
 how through their courage, persistence and fortitude 
 one of the greatest states in the Union has been de- 
 veloped from the wilderness. Mr. Morrow is a native 
 of Perth, Canada, and was born February 8, 1850, a 
 son of Malcomb and Jennett (Mathewson) Morrow. 
 His father, also a native of Canada, came to the United 
 States as a young man, locating first in Colorado, where 
 he was for some time engaged in mining in Georgia 
 Gulch. In 1863 he removed to Alder Gulch, Montana, 
 but subsequently moved on to McClellan Gulch, and 
 after locating a claim returned to Denver for his 
 family. He continued mining there and at Last Chance 
 and Canyon creek, Georgetown, Montana, until he 
 retired from mining, when he took up his residence 
 in Helena. He later went to Seven Mile, and in 1879 
 located in Fort Benton, where his death occurred May 
 18, 1891, when he was sixty-five years of age. He was 
 well known in his day and locality, and had numerous 
 friends throughout the state. Mr. Morrow married 
 Jennett Mathewson, who was born in Glasgow, Scot- 
 land, and came to America as a child, her parents 
 settling first in Canada and later removing to Colorado 
 and Montana. She died in Helena, June 16, 1878, when 
 fifty-three years of age. Malcolm was the eldest son 
 of their ten children. 
 
 Malcolm Morrow was a mere lad when he accom- 
 panied his parents to Denver, Colorado, and in that 
 city attended the public schools for a short period. 
 With his father he joined in the stampede for Ban- 
 nack, but their destination was subsequently changed 
 to Alder Gulch, where he followed mining and pros- 
 pecting to some extent, but was mainly identified with 
 the caittle business. After continuing in Alder Gulch 
 in 1864, in the early part of 1865 he moved to Last 
 Chance Gulch, enduring numerous hardships in the 
 journey and finding the carnp in a state of great ex- 
 citement on reaching that point. He was there engaged 
 
f/- 
 
 
 h 
 
 f: 
 
 I- 
 
 
V 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 941 
 
 in the cattle business until 1880. During this time he 
 was in constant trouble with the Blackfeet and Blood 
 Indians, and on one occasion his entire herd of live- 
 stock was stolen, and when the marauders were cap- 
 tured he recovered only three or four head of his 
 horses. During the spring of 1865, Mr. Morrow started 
 freighting to Salt Lake City, and on one of his sub- 
 sequent trips, having been forewarned, his party were 
 continually on the watch for road agents. However, 
 they were fortunate in not being molested, although on 
 one occasion the stage following was held up and a 
 passenger severely wounded, Mr. Morrow’s party re-, 
 turning and placing him in a place of safety, which 
 led to his ultimate recovery. On Mr. Morrow’s first 
 arrival in Fort Benton, in 1866, the fort was of mud, 
 and was located one-half mile above the present site of 
 the new fort, and on the night of his coming great 
 excitement prevailed, a white woman having been killed 
 here. From the time of his coming here Mr. Morrow 
 has continued to be a resident of Fort Benton, having 
 devoted himself to raising cattle and horses and to 
 the freighting business. He is well known throughout 
 Chouteau county, and bears the reputation of an excel- 
 lent business man and a public-spirited citizen. Fie 
 has interested himself in numerous enterprises, and at 
 this time is president of the Benton Drug Company, 
 and a director and vice-president of the Shonkin Stock 
 Association. In political matters he is a Republican, 
 and his religious connection is with the Episcopal 
 church. Montana owes a debt to its pioneers which 
 can never fully be repaid. Many of them had little 
 schooling, but they were rich in self-control, in effi- 
 ciency and in common sense and they had gotten their 
 wisdom in the greatest of schools — pioneer life. They 
 had stood face to face with the savage, with untouched 
 nature, every elemental thing. Those who remain 
 deserve the honor and esteem of their fellows as men 
 who were part and parcel of the making of the com- 
 monwealth, and without whose courageous efforts 
 present conditions could not have been. 
 
 Mr. Morrow was married at Helena, Montana, July 
 25, 1875, to Miss Mary Ann Travis, daughter of James 
 and Elizabeth Travis, and sister of Tom Travis, chief 
 of police of Helena. They have had eight children, as 
 follows : Macke Conrad, born June 16, 1876, of Cas- 
 cade, who is married and has three children; Mrs. 
 Bertha Russel, of Cascade, wife of Dr. Russel, born 
 September 29, 1878, at Rock Creek, Montana; Jen- 
 nett Morrow, born December 4, 1881, at Fort Benton, 
 and_ now a school teacher of Galata; Mrs. Florence 
 Whitcomb, born September 27, 1884, at Fort Benton, 
 and now a resident of Boulder, with one child; Warren 
 Thomas, born June 4, 1887, at Fort Benton, who now 
 has charge of his father’s ranch; Leonard H., born 
 April IS, 1891, at Fort Benton, and now engaged in 
 the drug business here; Isabel Ruth, born January 4, 
 1893, a graduate of the high school; and J. Dewey, 
 born May 7, 1898, now attending school. 
 
 F. George Heldt. When a man has been as closely 
 connected with his state as has F. George Heldt with 
 the state_ of Montana he must feel that it is fairly a 
 part of him. When he has fought to maintain its honor, 
 and has stood by its standard in times of apparent 
 peace, when although no bullets were flying the safety 
 of the state and of her citizens was in as great danger, 
 he must feel a love for the very soil, such as those who 
 have known her only since she has become a great 
 and wealthy commonwealth can never feel. Mr. Heldt 
 has held more offices, perhaps, than has any other liv- 
 ing resident of his state, from the first city marshal in 
 the whole state to a member of the state legislature. 
 He came to Montana when there was little to be seen 
 but buffalo. Indians and a few adventurous white men 
 ready to risk everything for the gold which they be- 
 lieved to exist, hidden away in the heart of the moun- 
 
 tains or in the beds of the streams. His first job was 
 shoveling “pay dirt;” he is now one of the best known 
 men in the state. He did not "strike it rich,” but found 
 success slow in coming to him. He was too much 
 occupied with living to spend much of his time and 
 thought on the problem of getting rich, but as the 
 saying is, "You can't keep a good man down,” and he 
 eventually reached a position of prominence in th5 
 business world. In the meantime everyone in the state 
 came to know F. George Heldt, for he did not spare 
 himself in the service of the people. Whenever there 
 was a difficult or dangerous task to be performed F. 
 George Heldt was one of the first volunteers, never 
 taking into consideration personal risk. He is one of 
 the most progressive men in a progressive state, and has 
 played an important part in her growth and develop- 
 ment. He holds an enviable place in the hearts of 
 all who know the story of his life. 
 
 F. George Heldt, like a true westerner, believes that 
 a man is what he makes himself and not what his ances- 
 tors make him ; he therefore has never bothered his 
 head about the blood that runs in his veins, only know- 
 ing that he is of royal lineage, his paternal great- 
 grandmother being a daughter of the Grand Duke of 
 Hesse, Germany, who was also known as the Gross 
 Herzog of Hesse Darmstadt. He was evidently a 
 member of the younger branch of the house of Hesse, 
 and therefore a member of the line that is yet reign- 
 ing. The parents of Mr. Heldt were of the stuff that 
 ventures all, and they determined that life offered 
 more in America than in their native land, and that they 
 would immigrate to this newer world. They set sail 
 from Germany in 1833, their vessel being a slow sail- 
 ing ship. The voyage occupied sixty-five days, and al- 
 though the experience was a new and interesting one, 
 they were indeed thankful to see land again. They 
 settled on a farm in Orleans township, Jefferson county, 
 in the state of New York, and there on the 12th of July, 
 1839, F. George Heldt was born. He had a twin 
 brother, of whom he was the elder by ten minutes, 
 which fact he always considered gave him authority over 
 the younger. 
 
 His schooling was not very extensive, all of his 
 elementary work being performed in the district school 
 During the season he worked on his father's farm, and 
 thus his school year consisted of three months in the 
 winter. Later, however, he attended two terms, each 
 consisting of fourteen weeks, at Falley Seminary, Ful- 
 ton, New York. With the outbreak of the Civil war 
 and the president’s call for “three hundred thousand 
 more volunteers.” Mr. Heldt was on fire with patriot- 
 ism and eager to go to the front. He therefore en- 
 listed in the Ninety-fourth New York Volunteer Infan- 
 try, in which he served for two years. He then en- 
 listed in the Irish Brigade which was under the 
 command of Gen. Michael Cochran, remaining in 
 this service for a year. It was during the Civil war 
 that what Mr. Heldt considers the most memorable 
 event in his life occurred. He was at the time in the 
 quartermaster’s department stationed at Fairfax court- 
 house, Virginia, and he happened to be in ’^Vashing- 
 ton when General Burnside’s army was to pass in review 
 before the president. Mr. Heldt very fortunately had 
 a room in Willard’s hotel, facing Pennsylyania 
 avenue, and adjoining the balcony whereon President 
 Lincoln and General Burnside stood during the re- 
 view. After the army had passed, Mr. Heldt stepped 
 out upon the balcony, and put forth his hand,^^ and 
 though to the president he was only one of the “boys 
 in blue,” it was seized and shaken with, as Mr. Heldt 
 expresses it, “as much cordiality and pleasure as if 
 I were a long lost and dear friend.” Just another in- 
 stance of the big-hearted friendliness of our greatest 
 of all presidents. 
 
 After his years in the army had come to a close he 
 was fired with the ambition to win a fortune by the 
 
942 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 marvelous tales of the wealth recently discovered in 
 the gold fields of Idaho. He started upon his quest 
 on the iith of i\iay, 1864, going by way of steamer as 
 far as Chicago. His ship was a propeller, and his 
 starting point was Clayton, New York, a little town 
 on the banks of the St. Lawrence river. There were 
 four in this party during this trip through the Great 
 Lakes, P. J. Hughes, a nephew of Archbishop Hughes, 
 of New York, Albert Bushnell, Frank Peck and Mr. 
 Heldt. When the party arrived at Chicago it was de- 
 creased by the withdrawal of Mr. Bushnell and Mr. 
 Peck, who were frightened out of the project, for it 
 was almost certain that hostile Indians would be en- 
 countered and the travelers heard nothing but tales 
 of the dangers and privations of the journey. Mr. 
 Hughes and Mr. Heldt, in addition to being naturally 
 brave, and indeed more daring than was needful, had 
 already had three years of the hardships of an army 
 life, and so were willing to venture. From Chicago 
 the railroad journey to Grinnell, Iowa, at that time the 
 farthest west the railroad had reached, was madf. From 
 Grinnell to Council Blutts, Iowa, stage coach was the 
 means of transportation. Here they crossed the Mis- 
 souri river to Omaha on a ferry boat, and in the latter 
 place fortunately encountered a band of men, seven in 
 number who were on their way to the gold fields of 
 Idaho, having come from Wisconsin. Mr. Heldt and 
 his friend made arrangements to join this party, and 
 they set out on the ist day of June, 1864. The party 
 as it finally stood was made up of nine men with their 
 baggage and provisions loaded on four two-horse spring 
 wagons. As far as Mr. Heldt knows he is now the only 
 survivor of this band of pioneers. 
 
 On leaving Omaha the line of march followed the 
 Platte river to Fort Laramie. There they left the river 
 and proceeded through the hostile Indian country, ex- 
 pecting an attack any day from any direction. In fitting 
 the party for the trip care had been taken to have a 
 plentiful supply of .guns and ammunition at the sac- 
 rifice of other comforts, so-called. A close watch was 
 kept and every night a guard was set, the night being- 
 divided into watches and each of the party serving their 
 turn at this duty. However in spite of all their pre- 
 cautions, it would have been a simple task for the In- 
 dians to have taken them by surprise and to have 
 massacred them all, for they were no match for the red 
 men. as yet. There is no doubt but that the Indians 
 would have paid dearly for their victory, for a braver 
 band of men never set forth on an expedition. One 
 of the members, however, though not cowardly was yet 
 very cautious, and was in constant expectation of a 
 band of Indians swooping down upon them from the 
 next butte. He therefore awoke each morning with 
 a new idea aljout safeguarding the party, and his de- 
 vices were not only unheard of, but laughable. When- 
 ever any of the party ridiculed him, or hinted that he 
 might be a little cowardly, he would reply, "^^’ell, I 
 believe in taking -ample precaution enough” It was 
 only a short time before he was known only as “Ample 
 Precaution Enough," and he never lost this cogno- 
 men. 
 
 Although the men were thankful, when they reached 
 the ruins of what must have been a train of a dozen or 
 more wagons, of which only a smouldering mass of 
 cinders remained, that they had proceeded so far un- 
 molested, yet their blood boiled and they would have 
 liked to have taken a few shots at the marauders who 
 had perpetrated this horror. They passed on, overtak- 
 ing several large trains, but although warned that they 
 would be much safer they could not endure the slow 
 pace that these heavily laden wagons were forced to 
 move. On one occasion, they did join the train of 
 which Capt. J, H. Mills was in command, and 
 traveled with him for several days. This was through 
 the worst bit of country, where every bush looked sus- 
 picious. The passage was made uneventfully, however, 
 and so with a .grave farewell, for who knew when they 
 
 would again meet, the two parties separated and the 
 smaller swiftly proceeded on its way. It was on the 
 seventy-first day of their journey since leaving Omaha, 
 that a glad shout -went up from the weary, travel-worn 
 band; Virginia City was in sight. Success and for- 
 tune lay at their feet. The trip had been made with 
 such comparative ease, and in so short a time that they 
 regarded it as a good omen for the future. 
 
 The first thing to be done on their arrival in the 
 town was to build a cabin, and it was fortunate that 
 among their party was a carpenter and also a mason, 
 for they would have had to pay a fabulous sum had 
 they hired the cabin built. This was soon accomplished 
 and then each man turned out to hunt work. Before 
 Mr. Heldt had fairly looked around, he had begun his 
 public service, for he- was mustered into the Vigilantes 
 and took the obligation, that is, promised to give his as- 
 sistance towards ridding the country of the thieves, 
 murderers and desperadoes with which it was infested, 
 and at all times to stand ready to do his duty as a 
 Vigilante. Western men know what this band of men 
 accomplished, but for the benefit of those who may be 
 unfamiliar with their record the following incident is 
 related. First, let it be understood that at this time 
 there was no law in the country, and the Vigilantes 
 were banded together to protect the lives and property 
 of citizens, not as some have supposed for the sake 
 of the excitement that was the daily food of these 
 nien. Place yourself in Virginia City, on a Sunday, 
 in the year 1864. You are standing on Main street in 
 front of a large gambling house filled with men who 
 have come into town for their weekly spree ; the 
 poker tables are full, faro is in full swing at the 
 other end of the building; everywhere are men, filled 
 with the lust for gold, many willing to commit murder 
 in order to get it. The clink of gold, or the, soft thump 
 of a bag of dust, are the only sounds save the voices 
 of the players. To your left is an auction stand, 
 presided over by a shifty-eyed, soft footed man 
 who is selling “cayuses,” and whenever a new animal 
 is put up for sale, the auctioneer flings himself on the 
 back o,‘^ the beast, and dashes madly up and down 
 the street, regardless of the crowd, throwing his arms 
 about to show the ease with which the bronco might 
 be controlled, or with the reins tightly grasped, put- 
 ting the scraggly animal through his paces. He is the 
 center of an admiring, excited crowd, and to the right 
 not ten feet from the gambling house door stands his 
 competitor, a clergyman, preaching the gospel to a 
 crowd of several hundred. Every minute or so a man 
 drunk with whiskey, or mad with rage at having lost 
 his “pile,” reels from the door, stares a moment at 
 the minister of God, mutters a curse beneath his 
 breath, starts toward the religious meeting, then meet- 
 ing the eyes of a quiet looking man, who is lounging 
 against the house wall, slinks down the street to the 
 mass around the auctioneer's stand. As the afternoon 
 wears away the revelry and intoxication grows, and 
 suddenly with a wild whoop some of the worst of the 
 cut-throats in the gambling house pour forth, bent on 
 mischief. They make their way toward the minister, 
 intent on breaking up the services. Suddenly from 
 every side appear the watchful Vigilantes, and at the 
 word from the quiet lounger, ‘‘Men, do' your duty !” 
 they stand ready to fire. It is not necessary, their 
 reputation is too well known, and the men who had 
 been so brave a moment before now vanish in the 
 crowd. These were the sort of men of whom the 
 Vigilantes were composed. 
 
 The first job that Mr. Heldt found was shovelling 
 “pay dirt” from the platform where it was thrown by 
 the miners in the pit below, into the sluice box, above 
 his head. He did not start to work until noon of 
 the day upon which he was hired, and at six o'clock 
 went to receive his pay of $2.50 in gold dust. When 
 he pulled off his heavy buckskin gloves, his hands were 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 943 
 
 wet with blood, and when the boss told him he would 
 not be needed tomorrow, his grin was one of joy. The 
 next trial he made at earning his living was in chop- 
 ping cord wood. He and his partner, Mr Hughes, took 
 a contract for cutting a hundred cords of wood at the 
 rate of $2.00 a cord, and since they had no money to 
 buy food in the meantime, they were to be supplied with 
 “grub,” the value of which was to be taken from their 
 pay. They had only to chop the wood, their boss 
 cording it as he hauled it. They worked at this for 
 three weeks, and then concluding that the huge pile 
 they had chopped contained considerable more than a 
 hundred cords they called for their pay. On measuring 
 the amount done, the sum total amounted to about 
 twenty-three cords, thus making $46.00, out of which 
 they had spent $48.00. They were a crestfallen pair, 
 but their employer, while laughing at their discom- 
 fiture, exclaimed, “You are pretty good boys and I will 
 call it square.” 
 
 Mr. Heldt’s next job was hauling wood from the 
 mountains to the city, with four yoke of oxen and two 
 log wagons. He only held this job for two weeks, for 
 when his employer found fault with him, the lad’s high 
 temper would not endure it and in the quarrel which 
 followed, the man thinking Mr. Heldt a tenderfoot 
 whom he could bluff, tried to cheat him out of his 
 pay, but he did not succeed, Mr. Heldt turning the 
 tables on him and getting his money. The next day 
 Mr. Heldt happened to meet Bob Hagaman, who was 
 clerk and recorder, and he said that since Bob Hill, 
 his deputy, was going to Bannack, as private secretary 
 to Governor Edgerton, the place was vacant and Mr. 
 Heldt might have it if he wanted it. Being just out of 
 a job, this was very opportune, and Mr. Heldt began 
 his duties immediately. In the early spring of 1865, 
 Bob Hill, having misrepresented Mr. Hagaman to the 
 governor, secured his appointment as clerk and recorder 
 in Mr. Hagaman’s place. In September Mr. Hill 
 resigned and the governor appointed Mr. Heldt in his 
 place, for he had continued in his position, in spite 
 of the change of superiors. Until November, when the 
 new clerk and recorder was elected, he performed^ the 
 duties of this office, and after the election he remained 
 with the new official until June, 1866. This was the 
 first election held in Montana, and Mr. Heldt tells 
 the story of his experiences as follows : 
 
 “The Democrats in those days outnumbered the 
 Republicans in Montana by about ten to one. I went 
 to the polls to vote and found the Democrats in pos- 
 session and was informed that Republicans could not 
 vote. I said nothing, but proceeded at once to find 
 Colonel Sanders, who was the Republican candidate 
 for congress. I was but a few minutes in finding him 
 and told him the ‘Rebels’ had possession of the polls 
 and would not let me vote. After a moment’s thought 
 the colonel said, ‘Let’s go and find Colonel Nelson and 
 Con Orem,’ 'both prize fighters and both good Repub- 
 licans. 'VVe had no difficulty in finding them, and the 
 four of us went to the polls. I never will^ forget the 
 twinkle in Nelson’s eyes and the expression on his 
 face. After taking in the situation he said to Orem, 
 ‘Well, Con. we will have to make a passageway 
 through this mob,’ and pulled off his coat, and Con 
 pulled off his, and at it they went, and I at their heels. 
 When anyone showed any hesitancy about stepping 
 back and making a passage it was — Biff! they fell right 
 and left, and in less time than it has taken me to tell it. 
 
 I walked to the polls unmolested and deposited my 
 ballot.” 
 
 Mr. Heldt was filled with delight by the arrival in 
 March, 1866, of his twin brother, John. They only re- 
 mained in Virginia City for a few months, going to 
 Helena in June. This city was now on the “boom” as 
 the former had been in 1864. The brothers took up a 
 placer claim in Thompson’s Gulch about eight miles 
 from Helena and sunk a shaft eighty-five feet deep. 
 
 I hey did not place a single stick of timber to guard 
 against a cave-in, but nothing happened and since they 
 found no pay streak they gave up mining in disgust. 
 The next year another man worked this claim, and 
 gathered in about ten thousand dollars. They therefore 
 returned to Virginia City, but the summer of 1867 saw 
 them back in Helena. John Heldt secured a position 
 in the postoffice and his brother George went into the 
 United States marshal’s office as deputy and office man. 
 The close resemblance of the two brothers was the 
 occasion of a number of laughable incidents, among 
 them being the following. They boarded at the St. 
 Louis restaurant, of which Joe Appolona, an Italian, 
 was the proprietor. John ate his meals an hour or so 
 before George, and alter they had been boarding at the 
 place for about two weeks. Tommy, the Irish waiter, 
 began to observe that there was a man who was eating 
 six meals a day instead of three. He thought that the 
 fellow must have been starved for the past month, and 
 that he would soon get filled up. But no, the same 
 thing continued, so Tommy considered it his duty to 
 report the case to the proprietor. To convince him that 
 he was speaking the truth he dragged his master in 
 when John arrived for dinner, pointed him out, and 
 said, “Now, in about two hours he will come again.” 
 When George arrived, he therefore grasped the pro- 
 prietor’s arm, and pointed in his direction. Joe Appo- 
 lona knew them, and bending double with laughter, said, 
 “That's all right. Tommy, he pays double.” It was a 
 long time before the Heldt twins could live this down. 
 
 A short time ago an article appeared in a St. Paul 
 paper concerning a murder which had been committed 
 by George M. Pinney in Montana, in which reference 
 was made to his almost losing his life at the hands of 
 a mob. Mr. Heldt was almost an eye witness on this 
 occasion, having just left the room where Governor 
 Beal was trying to pick a quarrel with Mr. Pinney, 
 when the shot rang out and Mr. Heldt rushed back 
 to find Beal dead. It was a clear case of self-defense, 
 however, and Mr. Pinney was tried and speedily ac- 
 quitted with nothing resembling a mob, or even any 
 threats being made against him. 
 
 In the autumn of 1868 J. X. Beidler and Mr. Heldt 
 as deputy United States marshals went to Fort Ben- 
 ton to arrest some men who had been plying the 
 whiskey traffic with the Indians. The trip was made on 
 horseback, the first day’s journey being made to Dear- 
 born Stage Station, and the afternoon of the next day 
 finding them at “Sun River Leaving” where the road 
 branched off towards Fort Benton. The two men were 
 about to push on, when the stage from Benton came 
 into sight, the mules staggering from the effort they 
 had made, for the coach had been chased by a war 
 party of Indians almost to within sight of the station. 
 The best plan was to remain at the station over night 
 and then start in the morning with fresh horses so 
 that if the Indians were met, they might run for their 
 lives if necessary. The next morning the horses were 
 allowed to walk, and for about twelve miles nothing 
 disturbed the peace of the fresh morning, then after 
 crossing a low bottom and coming out on the bench 
 land, a band of about twenty-five Indians appeared. It 
 was impossible for the two men to retreat, it was 
 simply against their natures, so deciding that there 
 would be a few “good” Indians to their credit, even 
 if they finally had to retreat they proceeded on their 
 way, though Mr. Heldt remarked, “If there were twenty- 
 five of us and two Indians I believe I would feel more 
 comfortable.” All of their preparations went for 
 nought, for on a nearer approach, the leader of the 
 band was seen to be Indian Jack, and after exchanging 
 a friendly “How, how,” they passed on, Indian Jack 
 being friendly to the white men. This was rare during 
 that year for the Indians were hostile throughout the 
 whole country. Travelers were waylaid everywhere, 
 and many travelers lost their lives on the road between 
 
944 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Fort Shaw and Helena, the savages becoming so bold 
 as to attack men within twenty miles of Fort Benton. 
 
 In 1865 an Indian war threatened, and the pioneers 
 will never forget that time. General Meagher, then 
 acting governor, called for volunteers, and among the 
 number of brave men who sprang to his call, was 
 Mr. Heldt. He had met General Meagher several 
 times when they were both with the army of the 
 Potomac, and when he offered to serve for the Indian 
 war, the general said, "You remain with me, yon have 
 done your share of the fighting; I may need you here 
 before this trouble ends.” After the Indian matters 
 were settled, Mr. Heldt went to Fort Shaw as clerk 
 in the quartermaster’s department. General De Tro- 
 briand was stationed here in command of the Thirteenth 
 United States Infantry, and it was during this winter 
 that Colonel Baker gave the Piegan Indians a lesson 
 that they never forgot. The temperature was forty 
 below zero, and the march to the camp of the Indians 
 was made through the snow and by night. The sur- 
 prise, however, was complete, and the Piegan Indians 
 never again went on the warpath. 
 
 In the spring of 1870 Mr. Heldt resigned his position 
 to accept that of bookkeeper and general utility man 
 for the post trader, having in addition to his other 
 duties those of postmaster, stage agent and express 
 agent. P'or eighteen years he remained in this position, 
 or positions, and among the joys of his life was that of 
 his duty as postmaster of arising every morning, with 
 the thermometer often at forty below, and the hour be- 
 tween one and three, to receive the mail and express 
 matter from the stage en route from Helena to Ben- 
 ton. In 1873 Mr. Heldt was honored by election to 
 the legislature from the northern portion of Lewis and 
 Clark county. In these days there was no such thing 
 as even a whisper of bribes. If any one was even sus- 
 pected of being a grafter he was ordered from the 
 country, and the government was run by a set of 
 honest straightforward men, not politicians. The 
 capital was located in Virginia City, and when Governor 
 Potts called a special session, it meant a trip of 225 
 miles, to be accomplished, but it was a relief to some 
 of the members when during the regular session the 
 capital was moved to Helena. 
 
 On the 22nd of December, 1874, Mr. Heldt was 
 married to Miss Mary Watson, of Virginia City, the 
 occasion being celebrated by a big dance which was 
 tendered the popular young people by their friends. 
 Their honeymoon consisted of a two days’ ride on 
 the Gilmer and Salisbury stage to Helena, where they 
 remained for a few days. On the morning which they 
 had set for their departure for their home in Fort 
 Shaw, the weather which had hitherto been mild, had 
 again turned cold, and there was now several inches of 
 snow where there had been none before. This did not 
 deter them, however, and they climbed aboard the 
 stage and set out. Soon the snow was axle-deep, and 
 shortly after passing Dearborn station, v/hich they 
 reached that night, the driver lost his way. The pros- 
 pect of wandering around on the prairie all night, with 
 the snow two feet deep, and the thermometer standing 
 at forty below zero, was not inviting. At last, almost 
 by chance they found the road again, and reached the 
 next station at four o’clock in the morning. At last 
 the bride and groom arrived at Fort Shaw, having been 
 twenty-six hours making the journey, after a honey- 
 moon that was a bit more thrilling than even they 
 cared to e.xperience again. Until 1888 Mr. Heldt re- 
 mained in Fort Shaw, and then selling the J. H. Mc- 
 Knight Company business with which he had been 
 connected he moved to Great Falls, Montana, where 
 he has since resided. 
 
 Mr. Heldt has had many experiences in hunting 
 buffalo, and like all others who were in the west 
 during the years when the buffalo was a common ob- 
 ject, can not understand their sudden disappearance. 
 
 He tells a story of a buffalo hunt that took place in 
 1872. About ten miles northeast of the point where 
 the city of Great Falls now stands, the party found 
 the herd. It is impossible to say how many buffalo 
 were in the herd, for as far as the eye could reach, 
 the prairie was black with the huge, shaggy beasts. 
 There were at least a hundred thousand, and probably 
 many more. It was during this hunt that Mr. Heldt 
 had a hairbreadth escape. He wounded a buffalo 
 bull so severely that he could not travel, and stood 
 looking piteously at him. Mr. Heldt therefore, got 
 down from his horse that he might make more certain 
 of his shot and so relieve the poor beast’s sufferings 
 as quickly as possible. He was about fifty feet away 
 from the buffalo, when suddenly the animal came to 
 life and leaped forward in great jumps, head down. 
 Mr. Heldt made a flying leap for his saddle, per- 
 forming a feat that would have made him worth much 
 money to P. T. Barnum, could he have been a witness, 
 and putting spurs to his horse when the buffalo was only 
 five feet distant. Up until 1875-6 the J. H. McKnight 
 Company bought from the Indians and half-breeds about 
 five thousand robes during the season, and after that 
 year they could buy none, so abruptly did the bison 
 vanish. 
 
 The first fire department in Virgin,ia City, or in fact, 
 in Montana, was -organized in 1865. The apparatus con- 
 sisted of a truck, two ladders and two hooks. The 
 name of the company was the Hook and Ladder Com- 
 pany, No. I, and Mr. Heldt was the secretary. One of 
 his chief treasures is his belt, inscribed with the letters, 
 “Secretary, Hook and Ladder Co. No. i.” The uniform 
 was made up of a pair of black doe skin trousers, red 
 flannel shirt and red cap. On the Fourth of July, 1865, 
 in the midst of rain and snow, they had their first 
 great parade, in which the center of interest was a 
 six-horse Wells-Fargo coach. At the firemen's ball 
 which took place in the evening, the tickets sold for 
 $10.00 apiece. Mr. Heldt was also the first city mar- 
 shal in Montana, serving in Virginia City, and he is 
 the oldest notary public, with a continuous record for 
 service, in the state. He was first commissioned by 
 Governor Edgerton, who was the first governor of 
 Montana, and since that time he has served without a 
 break. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Heldt became the parents of two chil- 
 dren, both of whom were girls and both born in Mon- 
 tana. Florence R. is now the wife of Captain L. J. 
 Fleming, of United States Cavalry. The youngest 
 daughter, Frances Gibbon, at present living at home, 
 being unmarried. Mrs. Heldt died on the 8th of Febru- 
 ary, 1903, at Great Falls, and is buried in the family 
 lot at Helena, Montana. 
 
 Joseph Miller Lindley. Few citizens have been 
 more closely identified with the interests of Bozeman 
 than Joseph Miller Lindley, whose activities in this city 
 have e.xtended over a period of forty-seven years, dur- 
 ing which time he has held high rank in business, pub- 
 lic and social life. Although his business interests have 
 been large, he has found time to associate himself with 
 earnest and hard-working bodies with the city welfare 
 at heart, and the services he has rendered his commu- 
 nity cannot be overestimated. Mr. Lindley was born 
 August 6, 1840, near Vernon, Indiana, and is a son of 
 James M. and Melissa (Biggs) Lindley, the former a 
 native of New York, who died in Indiana at the age 
 of forty-five years. He was one of the pioneer farmers 
 of the Hoosier state, whence he had been taken by his 
 parents in childhood. His wife was a native of Indi- 
 ana, but spent her last years at the home of one of her 
 five children, in Hastings, Nebraska. 
 
 Joseph Miller Lindley continued to reside on the home 
 farm until he was sixteen years of age, and secured his 
 primary education in the district schools. In 1857 he 
 joined a party en route to Minnesota for the purpose 
 

 
 i . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ♦ 
 
 «> 
 
 
 %> 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 945 
 
 of taking up farming land, and first located near North- 
 field, Minnesota, where he remained until the spring 
 of 1858. At that time he went to Jacksonville, Illinois, 
 where he entered the college, the president of which 
 was a brother of the late American comedian, Sol Smith 
 Russell. After his graduation, in i860, Mr. Lindley re- 
 turned to his old home in Indiana, but after a short 
 visit went to Atchison, Kansas, and on to Colorado, 
 subsequently returning to Kansas. Owing to a severe 
 drought, he abandoned agricultural pursuits and spent 
 the winter of i86o-’6i in Atchison, but in the spring 
 of the latter year entered the state service, the governor 
 having made a call for troops to protect the frontier 
 from depredations by the "border ruffians” and the 
 gathering Confederates. Mr. Lindley had previous ex- 
 perience as -a soldier, having been engaged in Indian 
 warfare, but was not regularly enlisted until May, 
 1861, when he was mustered into Company K, First 
 Regiment, Kansas Volunteer Infantry, Capt. George C. 
 Fairchild. The regiment was at once ordered to the 
 front and joined the troops at Grand River, Missouri, 
 under command of General Lyon, July 7, 1861. The 
 command followed General Price down to the Arkansas 
 line, and then fell back to Springfield, Missouri, where 
 General Lyon participated in his last battle. During the 
 terrific engagement at Wilson’s creek, Mr. Lindley re- 
 ceived a bullet which, to this day, the physicians have 
 been unable to extract. While in the General United 
 States Hospital at St. Louis, Missouri, he was dis- 
 charged, being unable to perform further duty, and was 
 then sent to his regiment for discharge at St. Louis. 
 Returning to Kansas, he was employed as a "wagon 
 boss” on a line of freight wagons, his division being 
 from Nebraska City, Nebraska, to Denver, Colorado, 
 via Omaha, from Denver on to Salt Lake City, and 
 from Leavenworth to Ft. Laramie and other United 
 States forts. Subsequently he made two trips from 
 Salt Lake to Virginia City, Montana, and on the 4th of 
 December, 1863, left Alder Gulch and secured passage 
 by stage from Salt Lake for California, going as far 
 south in that state as Los Angeles, and returning with 
 merchandise by the southern route to Virginia City. 
 The experience of Mr. Lindley as a pioneer, frontier 
 pioneer and plainsman, in point of danger, hardships 
 and excitement, is seldom equalled in the annals of 
 early western life. It was in the spring of 1864 that 
 Mr. Lindley returned to Virginia City, Montana, and 
 shortly after his arrival in the territory he came to 
 the Gallatin valley with much of the merchandise, sold it 
 out and engaged in farming and freighting between Fort 
 Benton and Helena. In 1865 he abandoned this enter- 
 prise and settled on a farm on Middle creek, where he 
 continued to reside until 1871. He then engaged in 
 the cattle business on the Shields river, buying the 
 cattle in Utah in 1872 but selling out, however, in 1882. 
 In that year he platted a sub-division in Bozeman, 
 known as the Lindley & Guy addition, through which 
 the finest residence street in the city, Lindley Place, 
 passes. He likewise began loaning money and opened 
 a store for selling farm implements, but closed the lat- 
 ter two years later to interest himself in the real estate, 
 insurance and loan business. During the last fifteen 
 years he has acted in the capacity of United States 
 agent of pensions. On August 22, 1892, Mr. Lindley 
 organized the Bozeman Land and Loan, Company, and 
 in 1909 was the organizer of the Lindley -Concrete Com- 
 pany, manufacturing building material, blocks, brick, 
 chimney blocks, tile, posts and ornamental work, as 
 well as burial vaults. The factory is situated at the 
 south end of Rouse avenue, while the office is located 
 at No. 55 East Main street. 
 
 Mr. Lindley was married at Janesville, Wisconsin, Jan- 
 uary I, 1882, to the widow of Capt. H. C. Miles. She 
 was born near Vernon, Indiana, and her father was the 
 stepfather of Mr. Lindley. Politically Mr. Lindley is 
 a Democrat and his initial vote was cast for Grover 
 
 Cleveland for president. On April 9, 1882, he was 
 elected alderman from the Fourth ward in the first 
 city election and later served two more terms. During 
 this time he was influential in securing a number of 
 improvements for his community. A member of the 
 Bozeman free library board, unbeknown to his as- 
 sociates, he wrote to Andrew Carnegie and managed 
 to secure his support. He is a charter member and was 
 one of the organizers of William English Post No. 10, 
 Grand Army of the Republic, named in honor of Will- 
 iam English, an old schoolmate of Mr. Lindley’s and 
 adjutant of the One hundred and first Illinois Volunteer 
 Infantry. Adjutant English was killed at the battle of 
 Big Hole, during the frontier war with the Indians, 
 and his remains were carried back to Jacksonville, Illi- 
 nois, and buried at his old home. Mr. Lindley is senior 
 vice-commander of the Department of Montana, Grand 
 Army of the Republic, and in 1911 was elected com- 
 mander of his home post in Bozeman. He was also 
 prominent in the formation of that noble society. Pio- 
 neers of Gallatin county, of which he was secretary and 
 treasurer in 1896, 1897 and 1898, president from 1899 
 to 1900 and then re-elected secretary and treasurer in 
 1900 and 1901. He has devoted much time in the in- 
 terests of this organization, which is preserving for pos- 
 terity a record of the lives and activities of those 
 courageous men who made the settlement of this sec- 
 tion possible. He was a member of the first city council 
 of Bozeman, was the first president of the Chronicle 
 Publishing Company of this city, and his name has been 
 associated, in some capacity or another, with every en- 
 terprise or movement which has promised to be of 
 benefit to the community. In all the walks of life he 
 has gained and maintained a spotless reputation, and no 
 man is held in higher esteem in the Gallatin valley. 
 
 Henry L. Des Combes. Truly a pioneer of Montana 
 is Henry L. Des Combes, of Belt, whose advent to this 
 state dates back to the territorial days of 1864 and who 
 for nearly half a century has been identified in various 
 ways with the life of this growing commonwealth and 
 knows by experience the vast and remarkable changes 
 that have taken place there. 
 
 i\Ir. Des Combes was born in St. Louis county, Mis- 
 souri, on the iith of December, 1838, and comes directly 
 of Swiss and French antecedents. Frederick Des 
 Combes, his father, was a farmer and a native of 
 Switzerland. He emigrated to America in 1828 and 
 became a pioneer settler in St. Louis county, Missouri, 
 where his after life was given to agriculture on the 
 old Chouteau farm. He died there at the age of_ sixty- 
 eight. His wife was Christina Preise, a native of 
 France and born near Alsace Lorraine. She died in 
 1880. Four children were born to the union of these 
 parents. 
 
 Mr. Des Combes received his education in the public 
 schools of Kirkwood, St. Louis county, Missouri, and 
 until twenty-six years of age his life was spent on the 
 farm. In 1864 he with a party of some thirty men from 
 St. Louis started across the plains for Montana and 
 arrived at Virginia City on the 5th of August, their 
 trip being without incident. .On arriving there IMr. Des 
 Combes took up work in the mines, at which he con- 
 tinued until the following November wheii he removed 
 to Helena and was the fiifth to erect a cabin there. He 
 also assisted in laying out the streets and in naming 
 them. In that day he was the owner of a large portion 
 of what is now the most valuable property in Helena, 
 but not foreseeing the city’s future he sold all of this 
 property at practically what it cost. There _ he also 
 built the Overland hotel, the first modern building in 
 the capital city. He followed mining in various parts 
 of the state until 1880 but never proved very success- 
 ful in his ventures, makin.g nothin.g more than a liv- 
 ing, though he owned properties that later developed 
 some of the best mines in the state. In 1888 he re- 
 
946 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 moved from Cora, where he was ranching, to Belt, to 
 which place the railroad had been built by that time, 
 and there was elected a justice of the peace and notary 
 public, which offices he has filled ever since. During 
 his residence at Cora he served on the school board 
 ten years. 
 
 He is a Democrat in party allegiance but has never 
 taken an active part in political affairs, and his interest 
 in the development of Belt is shown by his membership 
 in the Commercial Club. Mr. Des Combes has made his 
 way in life by his own efforts and unassisted by capital 
 and what he has accomplished is the result of long 
 years of honest and energetic endeavor. He stands for 
 the highest and best citizenship and has so lived that 
 he has drawn to himself the high regard and esteem 
 of his fellow men. Mr. Des Combes is unmarried. 
 
 Gen. Lester S. Willson. Distinction through mili- 
 tary prowess commands universal admiration and re- 
 spect and when men go to war and battle for principle 
 what they accomplish possesses worth far beyond the 
 struggling for conquest. The United States has pro- 
 duced heroes whose military achievements are not 
 shadowed by those of any past age. There are military 
 men in jMontana as in other states, now in peaceful 
 activities, who surmounted such difficulties and faced 
 such grave dangers for many stormy years that these 
 might justly entitle them to undying fame, and among 
 those whom the Treasure state delights to honor is 
 Gen. Lester S. Willson, of Bozeman. Gen. Willson is 
 a native of the Empire state, having been born at Can- 
 ton, St. Lawrence county. New York, June i6, 1839, 
 and is a descendant of a line of illustrious ancestors 
 reaching back to the time of King Arthur and the 
 Knights of the Round Table. His parents, Ambrose 
 and Julia A. (Hill) Willson, had seven children, all of 
 whom grew to maturity. 
 
 General Willson attended the public schools of Canton 
 and supplemented this by a course in an excellent acad- 
 emy at that place, after leaving which he was employed 
 as a clerk in the store of an uncle. When the Civil 
 war came on he offered his services in defense of the 
 Union as a member of Company A, Sixtieth Regiment, 
 New York Volunteer Infantry, in which he enlisted in 
 August, 1861, under Capt. William B. Goodrich. He 
 was advanced to the rank of sergeant in September, 
 1861, to second lieutenant in October, 1862, to first lieu- 
 tenant and adjutant a month later, and was offered a 
 captaincy the day his commission as adjutant was re- 
 ceived but declined the promotion. In August, 1864, he 
 was made a captain, in October the same year a lieu- 
 tenant-colonel, a colonel the next May, but not mus- 
 tered by reason of reduced number of men in regiment, 
 and a brevet colonel and brevet brigadier-general after 
 he left the service, with rank from March 13, 1865, the 
 last honors being conferred upon him from the recom- 
 mendation of the two commanders of the Twentieth 
 Corps, Generals Hooker and Slocum, “for gallant and 
 meritorious service under General Sherman at Atlanta.” 
 His early duty in the service was in guarding the Bal- 
 timore & Ohio Railroad, and in the Virginia campaigns 
 under Banks and Pope in 1861 and 1862. He was later 
 in the hardest of the fight at Antietam and again at 
 Chancellorsville, where he was severely wounded- and 
 compelled to retire from active service for a time. He 
 rejoined his regiment as the army was preparing to move 
 for the Gettysburg campaign, but his wound broke out 
 afresh and he was ordered to Washington for treatment. 
 In September, 1863, he went south with the Twelfth 
 Corps under General Hooker, and participated in the 
 battles of Wauhatchie, Lookout Mountain, Missionary 
 Ridge, Pea-Vine Creek and Ringgold. 
 
 On November 24, 1863, largely through his efforts 
 and personal influence, his regiment veteranized and re_- 
 enlisted, said to be the second one in the service to take 
 this step. The next spring with the Third Brigade, 
 
 Geary’s division, he took part in all the battles of Sher- 
 man’s campaign, from Chattanooga to Atlanta, Savan- 
 nah, Goldsborough, Raleigh, up to and including John- 
 son’s surrender. During much of this time he served 
 as aide, assistant inspector-general and assistant adju- 
 tant-general of the brigade. The Sixtieth New York 
 and the One hundred and eleventh Pennsylvania divided 
 the honor of having been the first regiments in Atlanta, 
 and the first to unfurl their colors from the top of the 
 city hall. Alby Davis, Wellsville, Ohio, disputes with W. 
 W. Ewing, Eighty-fifth Indiana, that the Third Division, 
 Twentieth Corps, was first into Atlanta. The Sixtieth 
 New York, Third Brigade, Second Division, Twentieth 
 Corps, was the first in the city and hoisted our flag 
 on the city hall. As assistant adjutant-general Mr. 
 Willson was the first officer to enter Savannah at the 
 head of his regiment, and received the surrender of the 
 city at the hands of Mayor Arnold. At the earnest 
 solicitation of Gen. H. A. Barnum, commanding the 
 Third Brigade, he carried his lieutenant-colonel’^ com- 
 mission without muster from Atlanta to Goldsborough, 
 remaining as assistant adjutant-general of the brigade. 
 Until the declaration of peace he was in constant, every- 
 day service, never leaving his command except on ac- 
 count of wounds; and by his close attention to duty and 
 resourcefulness in action, stood in the confidence of his 
 several chiefs, Generals Sherman, Hooker, Slocum, 
 Geary, Greene and others, and on many occasions was 
 entrusted with peculiarly intricate and dangerous du- 
 ties. He was accredited with being a most faithful and 
 intelligent officer and of his regiment Maj. Gen. George 
 S. Greene has said : “It was one of the best in the 
 
 service.” 
 
 After the close of the war General Willson was ap- 
 pointed assistant quartermaster-general of the state of 
 New York with the rank of colonel. The office had 
 the adjustment of many large business matters with 
 the railroads pertaining to the transportation of troops, 
 supplies, etc., balances between the state and the gen- 
 eral government, the disposition of accumulated sup- 
 plies belonging to the state, and other matters of mag- 
 nitude and importance involving large amounts of 
 money. He resigned the office in March, 1867, to en- 
 gage in business in Montana, and has been in this 
 state ever since, mining, merchandising, banking, and 
 other pursuits occupying his attention. From 1883 to 
 1886 he served as quartermaster-general of the territory 
 with the rank of brigadier-general. He has always voted 
 the Republican party and been active in its campaigns, 
 having served as a member of its national committee, 
 and holding other important places in its organization. 
 He was a member of the territorial legislature in 
 1868-69, in 1900 was a candidate for presidential 
 elector for his party. General Willson is well known 
 in financial circles and is a director of the Commercial 
 National Bank of Bozeman. 
 
 On March 2, 1869, General Willson was married at 
 Albany, New York, to Miss Emma D. Weeks, a native 
 of Vermont, and three children were born to this union, 
 of whom two are deceased, one son, Fred F., still sur- 
 viving. General Willson is a Mason, belonging to Boze- 
 man Lodge No. 18, A. F. & A. M., and is a charter mem- 
 ber of the William English Post, Grand Army of the 
 Republic. He has filled most of its offices and has been 
 department commander of Montana. He also belongs 
 to the Loyal Legion of the United States in the com- 
 mandery of New York. 
 
 Christopher H. Waterman. The days of the early 
 settlement of the state are as half-remembered dreams 
 to such of the pioneers of Montana who remain to recall 
 their memory, and it is hard to believe that the present 
 prosperous and flourishing Treasure State, the center of 
 commercial and educational progress, was only a half 
 century ago onlv too often the scene of savagery, the 
 home of wild animal and wilder man, a place of dangers 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 947 
 
 and of perils, whence only the courageous dared to come, 
 and where but few could hope to win success. Such has 
 been the nature of the American people, however, that 
 their ambitions have always taken them to the new 
 places, causing them to cast their lot with those who 
 pave the way for civilization, and every section of the 
 East contributed to its full quota to the population of 
 the new country. From the state of Vermont carne 
 many who were to represent the best type of citizenship 
 during the early days, and among these, one who ex- 
 perienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer ex- 
 istence, is Christopher H. Waterman, of Bozeman, a 
 resident of Montana since 1864. Mr. Waterman was 
 born in Rutland county, Vermont, January 24, 1826, and 
 is a son of John and Caroline (Hilliard) Waterman, 
 Vermonters by birth, who eventually removed to the 
 Holland purchase in western New York, where they 
 spent the rest of their lives in agricultural pursuits, 
 the father dying when forty-five years of age, and the 
 mother passing away when eighty-one. They had a 
 family of eight children, of whom Christopher H. is the 
 onlv survivor. 
 
 Christopher H. Waterman was reared to manhood on 
 the New York homestead, whence he had been taken 
 w'hen he was but one year old, and his education was 
 secured in the district and select schools. He was 
 twenty years of age when he left home to go to Michi- 
 gan, but after a year returned to New York and adopted 
 a seafaring life, a vocation which he continued for 
 fourteen years. During this time he served as first mate 
 on some of the finest vessels afloat, and for seven years 
 was captain of smaller craft. In 1851 he went to Cali- 
 fornia, and for two years sailed on vessels running out 
 of San Francisco, and then, with others, obtained con- 
 trol of an island lying to the west of that city, where 
 they engaged in securing seal oil, eggs, furs, etc., and 
 within two months had marketed 10,000 dozen of eggs 
 at $1.00 per dozen, and sold $3,000 worth of seal 
 oil, the venture netting them a neat profit. Mr. Water- 
 man then returned to New York, and as first mate of 
 a large vessel started for Havre, France, and at the 
 New London Flotel in that city met and married Miss 
 Catherine Boyle, a sister of the landlady of the hotel. 
 She was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, June 
 13. 1835, daughter of John and Catherine (Devlin) 
 Boyle, natives of the Emerald Isle. Her father was em- 
 ployed for many years in the gas works at Paisley and 
 Glasgow, Scotland, and died IMarch i, 1842, at the age 
 of forty-seven years. His wife long survived him, com- 
 ing to the United States with her children, and dying 
 November 21, 1887, at the venerable age of eighty-six, 
 being then an inmate of the home of her daughter, Mrs. 
 Henry Monforton. of Bozeman. Mrs. Waterman is the 
 only survivor of her family of nine children. The 
 youngest brother, Capt. Peter T. Boyle, served gallantly 
 in the Sixty-third Regiment, New York Volunteer In- 
 fantry, during the Civil war, and met his death in the 
 Battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Waterman have had three children, as follows; Jerome 
 B., born December 17, 1862, and died October 26, 1911, 
 married (first) Miss Dora Sales, by whom he had one 
 son, Fred, and after her death married (second) Rose 
 V. Johnston; Catherine L., who married William L. 'Mc- 
 Donnell and has four children, Erval, Annie _C„ Cath- 
 erine and Wm. W. ; and Charles R., born in Middle 
 Creek, Gallatin county, November 15, i860, elected in 
 1906 county commissioner for a term of two years, and 
 re-elected in igo8 for six years, was married November 
 7, 1894, to Miss Mary C. Arnold, and has four children, 
 Marie, Evelyn, Charles A. and Edith C. The marriage 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Waterman took place November 30, 
 1859, Chaplain E. N. Sawtelle, United States chaplain to 
 the port of Havre, officiating at the ceremony. After 
 reaching the United States the ceremony was repeated 
 by Rev. Father Van Gorp, of the Catholic church. After 
 his marriage, Mr. Waterman returned to New York, 
 voi n—7 
 
 where he settled his maritime affairs, and then returned 
 to Havre, France, to engage in business. At the out- 
 break of the Civil war in America he came to this 
 country and settled in Saginaw, Michigan, where he 
 was engaged in the cooperage business until 1864, at that 
 time starting for Montana (then Idaho) and leaving his 
 wife to stay at the home of her mother in Brooklyn, 
 New York, as she was not in sufficiently robust health 
 to endure the trip. At St, Joseph, Missouri, Mr. Water- 
 man secured an ox team and wagon, and on May 4, 
 1864, left that city on the journey across the plains, one 
 of a party comprising about 200 emigrants. The trip 
 consumed about three months, and Mr. Waterman came 
 at once to the Gallatin valley, where he forthwith took 
 up a government claim of 160 acres, and to this original 
 homestead he has added from time to time until he 
 now has a magnificent landed estate of 1800 acres, in- 
 cluding the ranches wdiich he provided for his sons. 
 Upon his original little farm Mr. Waterman built a 
 primitive log cabin of the regulation frontier type, and 
 made every possible preparation for the comfort of his 
 wife, who was to join him as soon as possible. Mrs. 
 Waterman left Brooklyn, New York, July 17, 1865, 
 with her infant child, to go to meet Mr. Waterman in 
 Virginia City, Nevada. The trip was made by the 
 water route, crossing the Isthmus of Panama and thence 
 proceeding to San Francisco, where lived her brother, 
 and from which city she traveled overland by stage for 
 the rest of the journey. Arriving in Virginia City, 
 Nevada, she discovered that her husband was in Virginia 
 City, Idaho (now Montana), and accordingly resumed 
 her long and perilous journey. This country was at 
 that time infested with hostile Indians, and when the 
 stage upon which she was traveling reached Austin, 
 Nevada, the citizens tried to persuade her to give up the 
 rest of the journey, as the stage coach ahead had been 
 held up, looted and burned, and its passengers put to 
 death. Finally she found that of all the passengers, 
 men or women, she alone was willing to take the risk, 
 but when they found she was obdurate in her decision, 
 the men were shamed into completing the trip, and 
 the stage finally arrived at Virginia City, Idaho, October 
 21, 1865, without further mishap. Arriving at the Plan- 
 ters House, a primitive, poorly-conducted hostelry', she 
 there received the news that the Indians had gone 
 through the valley where her husband was located and 
 had killed every white settler, but not long afterward 
 she met James McCormick, a brother of Paul McCor- 
 mick, both old. Montana pioneers, of Bozeman, who in- 
 formed her that her husband was alive and well and 
 living near him. On his taking a note to Mr. Waterman 
 the latter lost no time in coming to Virginia City with 
 an ox team, the journey taking three days. When he 
 had reached the city, Mr. Waterman paid the hotel bill, 
 which had become eighty-two dollars, and they started 
 back for the little log cabin home, arriving the evening 
 of the third day. It was already dark when they reached 
 home, and while Mr. Waterman was turning the oxen 
 loose, he placed his wife in a rude little chair which 
 he had made for her, inside the cabin. The air was 
 close and filled with smoke, and it was not until she 
 had been asked by her husband to take off her wraps 
 that she learned that what she had thought was his black- 
 smith shop was to be her home ! It may be imagined 
 what this meant to the carefully nurtured, gentle 
 woman, whose life prior to this time had been one of 
 ease and luxury, but with a courage that has made pos- 
 sible the civilization of every part of our country, she 
 settled down to assist her husband and to do her 
 share in the development of the community. From 
 January, 1865, to July, i 806 , Mrs. Waterman did not see 
 a white woman. Flour was thirt.v-five dollars per sack, 
 and the depredations of the Indians kept the settlers 
 constantly on the lookout. On one occasion the com- 
 manding officer at Fort Ellis sent word to Mr. Water- 
 man to be armed and ready, for the Indians were com- 
 
948 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ing and he could not leave the post. The few settlers 
 kept an outpost to warn them so that they might flee 
 to the refuges which they had prepared, if the Indians 
 approached, and all of the women went into Bozeman 
 for greater safety, with the exception of Mrs. Water- 
 man, who refused to leave her husband at the little 
 home. During the year 1866 a band of friendly Indians 
 camped near the Waterman ranch, and the chief of the 
 band became very much attached to Airs. Waterman, 
 offering her husband “heaps, heaps, heaps ponies for his 
 pretty white squaw !’’ 
 
 The family continued to reside on the ranch for 
 eleven years, each year finding Air. Waterman further 
 on the highroad to success, the early days’ alarms being 
 forgotten and peace and prosperity reigning in the little 
 home. Owing to ill health, however, Mr. Waterman 
 eventually rented the ranch and moved to Maryland, 
 where for several years the family lived on a farm, but 
 subsequently removed back to the old Alontana home. 
 The farm is under high cultivation, with the best of 
 improvements, including a fine country residence, in 
 marked contrast to the former little log “blacksmith 
 shop.” In 1889 Air. Waterman purchased an attractive 
 residence property in Bozeman, at 559 West Alain street, 
 and here the family passes the winter months. In 1901 
 Mr. Waterman took a trip to New York to visit two 
 sisters whom he had not seen in thirty-seven years. 
 
 Politically a Republican, Air. Waterman served for 
 several years as justice of the peace, and in 1868 was the 
 candidate of his party for representative in the terri- 
 torial legislature, but was defeated by two votes. While 
 a resident of the East, many years ago, Mr. Waterman 
 identified himself with Odd Fellowship, and was also 
 the first president of the reorganized Gallatin County 
 Pioneers’ Society. Mrs. Waterman is a member of the 
 Catholic church, and the family occupies a prominent 
 place in the religious and social circles of Bozeman. 
 Among Air. Waterman’s most highly prized possessions 
 are documents showing that his grandfather, David Wa- 
 terman, enlisted at the age of seventeen years, in 1777, 
 in the Continental army, and that he served faithfully 
 in various battles of the Revolutionary war. On Novem- 
 ber 30, 1909, was celebrated the golden wedding anni- 
 versary of Air. and Airs. Waterman, at which, in addi- 
 tion to their chidlren and nine grandchildren, friends 
 from all over the country were present, bearing presents 
 and good wishes to one of Alontana’s most highly es- 
 teemed pioneer couples. 
 
 Paul Weydert. The late Paul Weydert was a 
 Alontana pioneer in the best and truest sense of that 
 old familiar word, and between the years of 1864 and 
 1901, when Mr. Weydert met an untimely death in a 
 runaway accident, he was identified with much of the 
 growth and development which Montana experienced 
 in that half century. 
 
 A native son of Germany, Paul Weydert, was born 
 on the ist day of Alay, 1829, in Luxemburg, Germany, 
 and was the son of Caspar Weydert. He came to 
 America in 1852, having previously learned the trade 
 of a wagon-maker in his home province. He was a 
 self-supporting youth from the age of sixteen, and 
 after he came to America he gave his undivided atten- 
 tion to his trade until he moved to Montana in 1864. 
 
 The circumstances of his trip to the west are these 
 in brief : The young man had married in St. Paul, 
 
 Minnesota, where he had settled after his arrival in 
 America, and when he started on the westward journey, 
 he was accompanied by his young wife and an infant 
 six weeks old. Nothing daunted, the courageous couple 
 made the start with the others, the company consisting 
 of a train of one hundred and sixteen wagons drawn 
 by oxen, which they met at New Ulm, Alinnesota, and 
 a company of soldiers, who had in their train three 
 hundred wagons, each being supplied with a six-mule 
 team. They were thus insured against the attacks of 
 
 hostile Indians, who ravaged the western country in 
 those early days, and the trip was made in perfect 
 safety, although attended by one or two unpleasant 
 incidents. They crossed Minnesota and Dakota, and 
 crossed the Missouri river on steamboats. Coming to 
 the Yellowstone, they forded that stream and floated 
 goods in the wagon beds, driving the teams and cattle 
 across. At this point two men were lost in a bed of 
 quicksand which they encountered, one of the men 
 being Mr. Weydert’s driver. The train arrived in 
 Helena, or rather at the present site of Helena, on 
 September 22, 1864, after being four months on the 
 road. 
 
 The company was made up for the most part of men 
 who had gold-seeking as their object in Alontana, and 
 the stay of the party at Helena was but brief, the party 
 breaking up there and scattering in all directions. Mr. 
 Weydert chose the Prickly Pear district for his loca- 
 tion and he and his family wintered in a cabin which 
 he built. Here he prospected during the winter months 
 and in the spring of 1865 they moved to Last Chance, 
 thence on to Nelson Gulch, where Mr. Weydert built 
 a sturdy little log cabin for his family. Being a me- 
 chanic of no mean ability, he was able to produce a 
 praiseworthy little home and this log cabin was moved 
 three times, finally remaining in Helena. Here they 
 lived for a year, after which Mr. Weydert went to 
 Hartwell’s Mill, some two miles over the range, where 
 they spent the summer of ’66. Their next move was 
 to Walker’s Mill, where they lived a year. Air. Weydert 
 worked in the sawmill and did a considerable pros- 
 pecting on the side whenever a new report of gold 
 discoveries was made. He finally gave up his mill work 
 and devoted himself exclusively to prospecting, meet- 
 ing with a fair degree of success in the work. Later 
 he moved to Blue Cloud and there Air. Weydert was 
 employed in a quartz mill, which eventually proved a 
 failure. In 1867, Mr. Weydert removed with his fam- 
 ily to what is now the thriving city of Helena, and to 
 this point they moved the little house he had built at 
 Nelson Gulch. The cabin was moved for the last 
 time in 1898, and stood sturdy and stanch as a reminder 
 of the early pioneer times until within the past few 
 years. The family occupied it at intervals until 1875, 
 and many of their happiest days were passed within its 
 kindly shelter. 
 
 In 187s, Mr. Weydert gave up prospecting and moved 
 to a ranch five miles from Helena, located on Ten 
 Alile creek, but he removed to Helena in the fall of 
 that year in order to permit his growing family proper 
 school advantages, or at least, as good as were avail- 
 able at that time and place. In 1876 he went to the 
 Black Hills in search of gold, but in seven months’ 
 time returned to Helena. Here he turned his atten- 
 tion to his trade of wagon-making, which he followed 
 until 1881, when he located a ranch in the Judith 
 Basin, in the autumn of the next year bringing his 
 family to live upon it. The place is located a mile 
 and a half from Lewistown, and the Chicago, Alilwau- 
 kee & St. Paul Railroad runs through his place. This 
 ranch, which under his careful supervision, came to be 
 one of the finest places in the Judith Basin, continued 
 to be the home of the family until after the death of 
 Mr. Weydert, which was caused on October 3, 1901, 
 by his being dragged by a runaway horse. Three years 
 thereafter the family sold the ranch, and Airs. Weydert 
 now makes her home with her only surviving daughter 
 in Lewistown. 
 
 With reference to the family of Mr. Weydert, it 
 may be said here that his wife was Alary Geyermann, 
 born near Coblentz, Germany, on June 6, 1836. She 
 came to America in 1854, and first met her husband 
 in Aurora', Illinois. They were married in St. Paul, 
 Minnesota, on the 29th of June, i8S9,_ and there con- 
 tinued to make their home until their departure for 
 the West in 1864. Seven children were born to these 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 ;' w>\\‘ 
 
 t :■ 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 949 
 
 parents, concerning whom the following brief mention 
 IS made: Susan, the first born, died in St. Paul, Min- 
 nesota, aged sixteen months; Theodore, born near 
 Shakopee, Minnesota, died at the age of thirteen 
 months ; Peter C. is now a resident of California, 
 where he is engaged in ranching. He it was who was 
 an infant in his mother’s arms when the family left 
 by wagon train for the West. He has been engaged 
 in business in California for the past five years, and 
 his mother spends much of her time with him in his 
 home there; Lena died in 1903, the wife of Henry C. 
 Fletcher and the mother of three sons; Anna M., now 
 Mrs. George J. Wiedeman, of Lewistown; Augusta E., 
 born in 1872, died at the age of twenty-six, her death 
 occurring in Trenton, New Jersey, while she was in 
 attendance at the State Normal school of that place, 
 and N. Albert, born in 1874, now a resident of Ingomar, 
 Montana. ^ 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Weydert were devout Catholics in 
 their early life. The husband and father was a quiet 
 home man, more addicted to peaceful habits than the 
 average westerner is expected to be. He was a Repub- 
 lican, and while enthusiastic and energetic in the work 
 of the party, he was never an office seeker. He was 
 deeply interested in the public school systems and in 
 the early days was a trustee of the schools in his com- 
 munity, his interest in local conditions always being 
 marked by the most unselfish motives and his efforts 
 resulting in undeniable good to the communal life. 
 
 Charles W. Cook. Born in New England, that 
 cradle of so much of our national history, in youth 
 Charles W. Cook followed the star of empire west- 
 ward and here has spent nearly fifty active and useful 
 years. He is a pioneer, his arrival here having been 
 on September 22, 1864, and it has been his good fortune 
 to witness as marvelous a period of development a 
 new country has ever experienced. He knows the 
 perilous, hard, thrilling life of the early settler and 
 though the rough life of the early days sometimes brought 
 him so near to death that he felt its icy breath on his 
 cheek, his courage never faltered. His has been the 
 romantic, typical western life which changing condi- 
 tions has rendered now a matter of history. He has 
 rubbed shoulders with Indians and outlaws and the re- 
 countal of his adventures is calculated to make young 
 blood thrill. Mr. Cook has shared the good fortunes of 
 Montana and has extensive ranching interests, his large 
 property being located a few miles from White Sulphur 
 Springs. He carries on extensive operations in sheep 
 growing and is sheep inspector of Meagher county. 
 
 Mr. Cook was born in Unity, Waldo county, Maine, 
 February 24, 1839, and there resided until the age of 
 twenty-one years, when he went to Providence. Rhode 
 Island, to attend college and continued a student thpe 
 for three years. At the conclusion of his education 
 he lost no time in starting for Montana, whose glories 
 had been painted to him in glowing colors. He came 
 west as far as St. Joe, Missouri, by rail, and then 
 came by boat to Omaha, at which place he bought a 
 team and drove through to Denver. At Denver he sold 
 the team and hired out to an outfit to come to Montana, 
 his duties being to drive one hundred and twenty-five 
 head of cattle through to Virginia City, Montana. This 
 was successfully accomplished and Mr. Cook reached 
 the state on September 22, 1864, and has remained 
 within its splendid boundaries ever since that time. He 
 drifted over into the Diamond City district and followed 
 mining here for about six years. Following that he 
 was appointed receiver for a milling company at Old 
 Gallatin City and remained there for two years, and 
 after settling up its affairs he went into California and 
 Oregon, where he bought a band of sheep and drove 
 them into Montana. They were the nucleus of what 
 was to develop into a vast sheep and wool growing in- 
 dustry, Meagher county being chosen as the scene of 
 
 his operations. He has acquired one of the fine ranches 
 in this section and has ever since the year 1871 been one 
 of the principal factors in this business. His residence 
 is maintained at White Sulphur Springs. 
 
 The subject’s father, Daniel Cook, was born in Maine 
 and lived in the Pine Tree State all his life. He fol- 
 lowed farming and contracting. His wife before her 
 marriage was Elizabeth T. Hussey, also of Maine. Both 
 lived to advanced years, the mother dying in 1899 at the 
 age of ninety, and the 'father preceding her in 1879 
 when about seventy-five years old. These fine people 
 are buried side by side near the old homestead. There 
 were six children in the elder Cook family, Mr. Cook, 
 immediate subject of this review, being the fourth in 
 order of birth. There is another brother in Montana, 
 Benjamin B. Cook, who is married and resides at 
 Great Falls. 
 
 Mr. Cook earned his first money as a boy at the age 
 of about fourteen years, by working on a neighbor’s 
 farm at the princely salary of five dollars a month, all 
 of which he gave to his mother. When fifteen he virtu- 
 ally ran his father’s farm, his father’s contracting work 
 taking him away from home a great deal. The lad re- 
 ceived his early education in the district schools of 
 Maine and then entered Oak Grove Seminary at Vas- 
 selboro, Maine, and having pursued his preparatory 
 studies there, entered college at Providence, Rhode 
 Island. 
 
 He is a prominent Mason, belonging to all the orders 
 from the blue lodge to the Shrine and he has been mas- 
 ter of the blue lodge of White Sulphur Springs. His po- 
 litical faith is pinned to the policies and principles of the 
 Republican party and he has for a long time taken an 
 active and effective part in politics, his word being of 
 influence in party councils. He at one time held the 
 office of county commissioner to the satisfaction of all 
 concerned and he is now sheep inspector of Meigher 
 county. He has a postoffice on his ranch and was ap- 
 pointed postmaster of the same by President Grant, 
 holding the office continuously ever since. Among his 
 several distinctions is that of being one of the three 
 men to discover Yellowstone National Park, they being 
 the first white men to set foot within that magnificent 
 region. This came about through their following the 
 Yellowstone river to investigate its source and in this 
 way wandering into the park. He has never lost his 
 love of the free life of plain and mountain and thor- 
 oughly enjoys a camping expedition, he and his wife 
 having taken many delightful trips, some of this nature 
 and some farther afield and of more conventional char- 
 acter. He enjoys the finer things of life, good books, 
 pictures and music and is an avaricious reader, having 
 a fine library in which he spends considerable time. His 
 education, varied experiences and genial character make 
 him one of the most interesting of men and an unsur- 
 passed conversationalist. He believes that Montana has 
 the greatest opportunities and best prospects of any state 
 in the union — declares that the matter can’t be figured 
 out in any other way. 
 
 On June 26, 1880, Mr. Cook laid the foundations of 
 a happy household by his union with Abbie W. Kenni- 
 cott, daughter of James H. and Abbie W. Kennicott, 
 their marriage occurring in Helena, Montana. To their 
 union have been born three children : Mary E., the 
 
 eldest, died January 14, 1893; Alice Josephine is at 
 home ; and Donald H. has finished the curriculum of 
 the White Sulphur Springs school and is now in col- 
 lege at Bozeman. Their home is one of the most hos- 
 pitable and delightful in the city. Mrs. Cook is an active 
 worker in the Presbyterian church and in the Ladies’ 
 Aid Society connected with the same. She is also a 
 valued member of the Travel and Study Club. Like 
 I'^fr husband, she is of New England stock, her father 
 having been a native of Rhode Island. He traveled 
 about the country a good deal and finally located in 
 Nebraska City, Nebraska, where he followed black- 
 
950 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 smithing and farming. He passed away in that place 
 in April, 1880, at the age of eighty-six years. The 
 mother lived to the age of eighty-two. Mrs. Cook has 
 a sister in this state, Jennie K. Lewis, widow of Len 
 Lewis, residing in White Sulphur Springs. 
 
 Mr. Cook occasionally grows reminiscent and looks 
 back over the early days. One incident remains par- 
 ticularly vivid with him and was a part of his adven- 
 tures when driving the herd of cattle through to Mon- 
 tana. One day he was surrounded by a band of In- 
 dians, who insisted that the young collegian share the 
 cattle with them. He held out for a while, but there 
 were too many of them and, as he expresses it, he 
 “finally traded them a steer for a scalp," the scalp being 
 his own — or the privilege of keeping it. He declares 
 this the best trade he ever made. 
 
 Ch.vkles F. W. Lehman. It is generally conceded 
 that the late Charles F. W. Lehman was one of the 
 most widely known and best beloved citizens of this 
 section of the state, with which he was identified in 
 various ways from the early seventies up to the time 
 of his death, which occurred on March 19, 1911. Born 
 in Melrose, Germany, on August 15, 1828, Mr. Lehman 
 left his home when a boy of fourteen years and went 
 to Berlin, where he was for something like two years 
 associated with some horse traders, but his mother 
 hnally prevailed upon him to return home. His stay 
 in his home was not permanent, however, for in less 
 than two years he was found bound for America, and 
 he landed in New York without knowing a word of 
 the English language. To further complicate matters, 
 the boy was sick and was sent to Ellis Island hospital. 
 He had no money, and when he recovered sufficiently he 
 secured employment in the sick ward, where he re- 
 mained for a number of months. His knowledge of 
 German was especially valuable in the detention hos- 
 pital and was a welcome sound to many a homesick 
 emigrant. From New York Mr. Lehman finally went 
 to Connecticut, where he located at New Caanan and 
 secured work on a farm, and in that place he inci- 
 dentally picked up a working knowledge of the stone 
 cutter's trade. This knowledge he later put to prac- 
 tical use while in the employ of the southern railroads, 
 in putting in tunnels and foundations at various points 
 ■along their lines. 
 
 When Mr. Lehman gave up railroad work he went 
 to Nashville, Tennessee, and there engaged in contract- 
 ing in stone work. At this place he had many inter- 
 esting experiences, and one affair in particular is es- 
 pecially worthy of mention in this connection. In the 
 instance in hand Mr. Lehman took a contract where 
 the stone was to be furnished by convict labor, a circum- 
 stance which aroused the hostility of the unions. They 
 hired a man to redress their wrongs by the simple 
 method of killing off Mr. Lehman, and the champion 
 of the workmen went to the hotel where Mr. Lehmiin 
 was staying, fully prepared to discharge his obligations 
 to the unions in particular and to society in general. 
 Fortunately for Mr. Lehman, his assailant was not a 
 dead shot, and the first bullet went wide of its mark. 
 Moreover, the mark calmly arose from his seat, ad- 
 vanced slowly toward the would-be assassin, who, un- 
 nerved by the unexpected demeanor of his intended 
 victim, sent his remaining shots at random. Mr. Leh- 
 man laid hold upon the thug, wrested the gun from 
 him and threw him out of the hotel. This little pass- 
 age decided the unions upon other tactics, and they 
 attempted to reason with him on another line of argu- 
 ment, after which, Mr. Lehman, for a consideration, 
 agreed to leave the city. 
 
 The Civil war broke out just about this time and 
 Mr. Lehman went to St. Joe, Missouri where he con- 
 tinued his business of contracting. In the Missouri city 
 he accepted the office of the first street commissioner of 
 St. Joe and it was while holding this office that he 
 
 formed a partnership with Henry Krug and a Mr. 
 Hax. Together they organized a wagon train and 
 started for Denver, where it was their intention to open 
 a general store. After a few days' journey the caravan 
 was attacked by Indians and Mr. Lehman's followers 
 refused to go farther. All but one man deserted, and 
 perforce, Mr. Lehman, Mr. Krug and their sole ad- 
 herent, returned to St. Joe with the outfit. A second 
 party was organized, this time including a number of 
 old German war veterans, and this company made the 
 trip in safety, although they had one scrimmage with 
 the Indians. As he had planned, Mr. Lehman engaged 
 in the mercantile business and conducted his establish- 
 ment successfully until the completion of the railroad. 
 His roving spirit again manifested itself, and, no longer 
 pleased with Denver, he sold out to his partners, Krug 
 & Hax. It is a noteworthy fact that at that time he 
 owned the land where the capitol now stands in Den- 
 ver, but he disposed of it with his other holdings at 
 whatever price he could get, and went to Leadville. 
 He did not make a long stop in that city, but soon 
 prepared for another long overland trip, this time mak- 
 ing California his objective point. For a number of 
 years Mr. Lehman worked in the placer mines of Cali- 
 fornia, and he made some money in his work — sufficient 
 that when he went to Portland, Oregon, he was able 
 to buy some land in the vicinity of Portland, which is 
 now in the heart of the city. From Portland he went 
 to Boise, Idaho, on a prospecting trip with the Gilbert 
 Company, who were among the first to find gold in 
 Idaho. Mr. Lehman spent two years in that state in 
 successful mining operations. He next went to Walla 
 Walla, from which point he ran a pack horse train into 
 the Blue mountains of Idaho. From Walla Walla he 
 went to Alder Gulch, Montana, arriving there in 1864, 
 and since that date Montana has been his home. 
 
 After a short interval in Bannack, Mr. Lehman went 
 to Helena where he went into the mercantile business 
 again. He had his brother as a partner, and this firm 
 became the leading mercantile one in Helena. In 1871 
 thev dissolved partnership, each launching out for him- 
 self. At one time Mr. Lehman owned and operated 
 six stores and owned several valuable blocks in the 
 city. He continued in Helena until 1893, when he moved 
 to Utica, at which point he had important interests, 
 and from Utica he came to Lewistown and opened the 
 present business under the firm name of Charles Leh- 
 man & Company, which came to be one of the largest 
 and most comprehensive department stores in the 
 state of Montana. 
 
 Mr. Lehman was a member of the Lutheran church, 
 and though he was not what is familiarly termed as a 
 church worker, he was a faithful practicer of the “re- 
 ligion, pure and undefiled," which St. James described 
 in his writings. He was always a generous and charit- 
 able man, and even in his boyhood, when he first ran 
 away from home, he did not forget to send money to 
 his mother from time to time. His benevolences were 
 unnumbered and his generosity unfailing. It is possible 
 that his admirable qualities were best known to mem- 
 bers of his family, for he whs an ideal husband and 
 father. Unlike many men of strong personality and 
 executive ability, he recognized similar traits in his 
 children, and did not hamper them or endeavor to sup- 
 press their individuality at any time. He devoted his 
 entire energies to his business and his leisure hours were 
 spent in the midst of his family. Though often urged 
 to accept public office, he never consented, but as an 
 individual he supported the Republican party. At his 
 death the entire town of Lewistown felt a sense of 
 loss, and during the hour of his funeral all business 
 was suspended. 
 
 Mrs. Lehman, too, had the true spirit of a pioneer. 
 She is a German by birth, the daughter of Jacob and 
 Marie Bach, and she was raised in New York City and 
 there married. Soon after their marriage, Mr. Leh- 
 
Ir- 
 
 f 
 
 i. 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 951 
 
 man returned to the west with his bride, making the 
 trip by way of St. 'Louis, Missouri, thence by boat to 
 Fort Benton, making the trip on the Silver Bow, the 
 only side-wheeler that ever came up the Missouri river 
 with Captain Ray. When they finally arrived in Helena 
 on June lo, i86g, it was after a stage ride of twenty-four 
 hours. Eight children were born to Mr. .and Mrs. Leh- 
 man. The only daughter, Helen, is now the wife of 
 Austin Marr of Lewistown. One son, Charles, junior, 
 died in San Diego, California, in i8g8. G. A. C. Leh- 
 man lives in Pueblo, Colorado, where he is rector of St. 
 James’ parish. The other sons make their homes in 
 Lewistown. Alexander is in the real estate business 
 and a successful man in that field of enterprise, while 
 the others are all in charge of various departments of 
 the business which their lately deceased father estab- 
 lished. Alexander and Louis J. are married, but Os- 
 wald, Walter and Arthur reside with their mother. 
 Alexander has the honor of being the youngest man 
 ever elected to the legislature of the state, as he was 
 chosen to that office at the early age of twenty-one 
 years. Louis J. Lehman is general manager of the 
 store : Oswald has charge of the dry goods department ; 
 the hardware section, the grocery and the office are in 
 the care of Walter, while to Arthur remains the direc- 
 tion of the men’s furnishing department. All are par- 
 ticularly suited to the duties of their separate depart- 
 ments, and are carrying the business on to a splendid 
 state of efficiency. It was the happy achievement of 
 Mr. Lehman not only to be a factor in the develop- 
 ment of the state in a worthy measure, but to leave 
 behind him those who would carry on the name he 
 had made known and continue the career of useful- 
 ness and service in which he acquitted himself so 
 valiantly. 
 
 Daniel A. G. Flowerree, deceased Montana pioneer, 
 and one of the first men to engage in the cattle busi- 
 ness in this state, was born in Ralls county, ^Missouri, 
 on May ig, 18.35, and died at Atlanta, Georgia, Novem- 
 ber 22 , igi2. He was a son of Kemp and Mathilda 
 (Caldwell) Flowerree, the father a native of Virginia, 
 the mother of Kentucky, and in their ancestry were 
 united the Scotch Thistles and the Lilies of France. 
 
 Kemp Flowerree made his advent mto the state of 
 }ilissouri in the year 1833, and there for many years he 
 was occupied as a planter, and he died in that state in 
 the year 1881. His widow survived him six years, 
 passing away in 1887. Of their family of three sons and 
 four daughters, Daniel Flowerree was the only iMontana 
 resident. Kemp Flowerree was the son of Walter, who 
 moved from Kentucky to Missouri in 1822, when the 
 rugged fastnesses of that state made it similar in many 
 respects to the condition of Montana in its pioneer days. 
 There Walter Flowerree married a daughter of the dis- 
 tinguished Breckenridge family of Kentucky, a family 
 whose brilliance has shed luster not only upon its native 
 state, but upon the entire nation. 
 
 Daniel A. G. Flowerree passed from his boyhood's 
 care-free days to early manhood in his native state. He 
 early conceived and consistentli^ fostered the belief that 
 the west offered advantages in many ways superior to 
 those of the east or middle west, and in 1852 he went 
 to California, where he remained until 1855. In that 
 year he went to Nicaragua and in 1857 returned to Mis- 
 souri, there remaining until 1864, when he set out for 
 Montana. He made the trip across the plains in a time 
 when the path of the traveler was beset by manifold 
 hazards, the country being alive with Indians, many of 
 them hostile and treacherous and upon mischief bent. 
 The journey was made by stage coach via Salt Lake 
 City, and on March 16, 1864, Mr. Flowerree arrived at 
 Virginia City. Here he passed some little time in the 
 business of prospecting for auriferous deposits, more fa- 
 miliarly known in common parlance as “pay dirt.’’ Later 
 he engaged more profitably in other business enterprises 
 
 in Virginia City, and late in 1865 he came to Helena, 
 then called Last Chance Gulch. Since that time Mr. 
 Flowerree was one of the most distinguished and suc- 
 cessful business men of Helena, or, indeed, of the state. 
 He was among the first to recognize the well nigh 
 inexhaustible resources of the state of Montana as a 
 stock growing region, and was also one of the first to 
 profit by this knowledge. He was one of the largest 
 stock growers and owners in the northwest at the time 
 of his death, and this mammoth business was purely the 
 outgrowth of his own early business ventures. In 1865 
 Mr. Flowerree had brought a herd of cattle from Mis- 
 souri, and in 1870 and 1873 brought fifteen hundred 
 more from Texas. From then until he closed his 
 earthly career he had confined his attentions almost ex- 
 clusively to this business. In 1883 Mr. Flowerree 
 brought a band of horses from Oregon and previous to 
 that time had brought a mammoth herd of cattle from 
 the same state. From the early seventies until the de- 
 cline, in some measure, of the Montana cattle business, 
 Air. Flowerree was undoubtedly one of the largest grow- 
 ers and shippers in the west. His holdings of ranch 
 property was of considerable magnitude in Lewis and 
 Clark, Teton, Cascade and other counties at the time 
 of his passing. 
 
 The same general shrewdness and foresight which 
 made him one of the big stockmen of the state in the 
 early days when ideritification with those interests spelled 
 immense profits, launched Air. Flowerree in the grape- 
 fruit business in Florida, near Fort Meyer. Some years 
 ago he went to Florida for his health, and it was at 
 once apparent to him that the possibilities of the country 
 in the grapefruit line were immense and he accordingly 
 purchased large holdings which he planted to oranges 
 and grapefruit. In recent years he was one of the 
 heaviest individual shippers of those fruits to be found 
 anywhere in the country. He was in many senses a 
 pioneer, indeed, and he has the distinction of having 
 built the first shingle-roofed houses in Helena and in 
 Virginia City. The one in Virginia City was without 
 doubt the first two-story house to be erected in Alontana. 
 
 In 1858 Air. Flowerree was united in marriage with 
 Aliss Elizabeth Wethers, of Alissouri. Four children 
 were born to them : William K., of Great Falls, Alon- 
 
 tana; Annie AL, wife of W. L. Velie, of Alohne, Illinois; 
 Eudora, now Airs. J. J. Gray, of Chicago, Illinois ; and 
 Elizabeth, the wife of William Wallace. Jr., of Helena. 
 Airs. Flowerree died in 1882, On February 4, 1885, 
 Air. Flowerree married Aliss Elizabeth F. Cornelius, also 
 of Alissouri. One son, Daniel A. G., Jr., was born to 
 them. 
 
 Air. Flowerree possessed in a marked degree the quali- 
 ties of the school of life that developed him. His name 
 was a synonym for rug.ged honesty and square deal- 
 ing. fearlessness, generosity, great-heartedness and un- 
 tiring energy. The possessor of a keen native wit, he 
 was noted for his quaint humor and his singular apt- 
 ness in repartee. He was affiliated with the Democratic 
 party, but solely from motives of principle, as he never 
 sought personal advancement or office favors of any 
 kind through the medium of politics, although such men 
 as he make the greatest leaders in any activities they 
 may embrace, and the public might well turn to men of 
 his stamp for direction in a political way. 
 
 Thousands of friends and admirers of the deceased 
 pioneer gathered in Helena to pav tribute to the mem- 
 ory of the man, on November 28, igi2. when the last 
 rites were observed. The funeral was held from the 
 home of Airs. William Davenport, at No. 522 North 
 Rodnev street, and the services were conducted by Rev. 
 J. F. AIcNamee. whose eulogy of the decedent was. in 
 part, as follows : “One who knew well the philosophy 
 
 of life has given us the old world truth which we all 
 must learn ; ‘The day is far spent, the night is at hand ; 
 the time cometh when no man can work.’ Once a.gain 
 the word is given us to hear, as at the close of a long 
 
952 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 day of life the night cometh — the time of cessation from 
 labor to one of our old and respected citizens. 
 
 "Mr. Flowerree in the seventy-seventh year of his 
 life has been called hence and given rest from toil and 
 physical infirmity. Like many another who came to 
 Montana in the early days of her history, his story is 
 that of the enduring, ambitious, achieving youth and 
 man who has made a place for himself in the memory 
 and .heart of a multitude. For him, indeed, it was a 
 long day, and now in its close, the friends assembled 
 here to offer their tributes of respect, must surely 
 think of those fundamental truths which make their 
 appeal to all. 
 
 "IMuch of the best in many people whom I have known 
 is not proclaimed upon the house tops. It is quiet, 
 unobtrusive and silent; yet there is good there, there 
 is kindness and help and sympathy and love. Like the 
 coming of the day upon the grass and flowers, or the 
 approach of the morning sun to the golden doors of the 
 east, not a footfall is heard, not a trumpet sounds, not 
 a saluting gun is fired ; yet they come, and because they 
 come some barren place is revived, some drooping 
 flower lifts its head, some discouraged soul looks up 
 and takes courage. Like so many of these earlier men 
 of Montana, who saw the rougher side of life and en- 
 dured the hardships incident to formative days of so- 
 cial evolution, Mr. Flowerree was big-hearted and gen- 
 erous ; keen and prudent in business which grew in di- 
 mensions, he was open-handed and unselfish. Many an 
 old friend and acquaintance, down on his luck, knew 
 where he could turn for help, and indeed many could 
 testify that they did not need to ask. as it was enough 
 that they were in need to find his helping hand ready. 
 As a father, husband and friend he was loved. As a 
 citizen he was esteemed. Fie did what he could as he 
 knew it, as life appeared to him, as the unselfish spirit 
 led him in the way of sympathetic helpfulness to ex- 
 press the best within him.” 
 
 Many stories are told of the innate generosity of 
 Mr. Flowerree and of his square dealing and loyalty 
 to friends. It is told of him that during the panic of 
 1893, to save a Flelena bank from going to the wall, in 
 which a personal friend was interested, Mr. Flowerree 
 borrowed $400,000 in cash from a Chicago commission 
 house, depositing it in the threatened institution, 
 through which timely aid it was saved from failure and 
 enabled to weather the financial storms of that mem- 
 orable time. 
 
 The funeral of Mr. Flowerree was held under the 
 auspices of the Lewis and Clark Society of Montana 
 Pioneers, and many of the prominent citizens of Helena 
 assisted as active and honorary pallbearers. 
 
 John McDonnell. Gallatin county has no more 
 highly respected pioneer family than that of McDonnell, 
 the founders of which, Mr. and Mrs. John McDonnell, 
 are now living quietly in Bozeman, enjoying the fruits, 
 of long years of labor on the ranches of this section, 
 whence they came nearly a half a century ago. During 
 tlieir long and useful careers they have done much to 
 aid the material development of the Gallatin valley, and 
 well merit the esteem in which they are universally 
 held. John McDonnell was born in County Tipperary, 
 Ireland, February 26, 1833, and is a son of John and 
 Judith (McCormick), natives of the Emerald Isle who 
 immigrated to the United States during their latter 
 years and spent the remainder of their lives in agricul- 
 tural pursuits in New York state, where both died. 
 They had a family of six children, of whom four still 
 survive: John; Nicholas, who is engaged in the foun- 
 dry and locomotive business at Des Moines, Iowa ; 
 Michael, a resident of Bozeman; and Mary, wife of 
 John Cutler, living near Winterset, Iowa. 
 
 John iMcDonnell secured his preliminary educational 
 training in the schools of his native country, and as a 
 youth determined to try his fortunes in far-off America. 
 
 When he had accumulated enough funds for the jour- 
 ney, he left Limerick for Quebec, Canada, whence he 
 arrived after a voyage of seven weeks on a sailing- 
 vessel, and then journeyed on to the home of an uncle 
 in New Jersey, where for four years he was engaged 
 in farming. In 1857 he removed to the vicinity of 
 Des Moines, Iowa, where he followed farming and 
 leased land until 1864, on April Sth, of which year he 
 was united in marriage with Miss Harriet C. Stuff. 
 She was born near Harper’s Ferry, on the state line 
 between Maryland and West Virginia, September 13, 
 1851, daughter of Jeremiah and Anna Eliza (New- 
 comer) Stuff, the former born in Germany, September 
 22, 1817, and died May 4, 1861, and the latter born in 
 Maryland, October 22, 1820, and died in 1904. They 
 had four daughters and one son, all of whom are living. 
 Mr. Stuff came to this country when he was four years 
 of age on a sailing vessel, and landed at Baltimore. 
 In 184s he removed to Illinois, settling in Ogle county, 
 sixty miles west of Chicago, where he became a pioneer 
 millwright, and subsequently moved to Dixon, Illinois, 
 where his death occurred. 
 
 After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. McDonnell re- 
 mained in Des Moines, Iowa, until May i6th of the 
 same year, when they started across the plains for 
 Montana, or Idaho, as it was then called. An account 
 of their journey, as prepared by Mrs. McDonnell, not 
 only describes the trip thoroughly, but will prove an 
 interesting narrative to those of the younger genera- 
 tion, as illustrative of life and travel in the pioneer 
 days, and is entitled: 
 
 How we came to Montana in 1864. 
 
 “My Dear Young Friends: You have all read and 
 
 heard much about the early days of Montana, I am 
 sure, and yet I think you will be interested in hearing 
 the story of how we pioneers came to this country 
 long, long ago, when the land was wild, and inhabited 
 mainly by wild animals and wild and hostile Indians. 
 In order to tell my story, my mind will have to turn 
 back to the year, 1864. In the early spring of that year 
 my husband, myself and many other young people — 
 many scarcely out of our ’teens — only a few months 
 out of school, and some of us newly-married, just 
 beginning to realize the necessity of making a home of 
 our own, concluded to take Florace Greely’s advice 
 and travel toward the setting sun. There were no 
 Pullman palace cars waiting for us to get into, nor 
 emigrant cars such as they have for home-seekers now, 
 not even a stage-coach. We came here years in advance 
 of these modes of travel. At that time there were few 
 railroads west of Chicago, and none in Des Moines, 
 Jowa, the point from which we started on our journey. 
 
 “We invested our little all in large canvas-covered 
 w’agons, horses, mules, oxen, cows, chickens, things to 
 cat and w'ear, and much bedding. We also had our 
 garden seed, medicine chest, bible and prayer books, 
 and musical instruments. I still have the violin we 
 brought with us. We organized our company and 
 elected for our captain a Mr. Stafford, a man who had 
 some experience in overland traveling. It was his duty 
 to ride horse-back in advance of the wagons, several 
 hundred in number, watch the roads, keep a lookout 
 for Indians and herds of buffalo, and find camping 
 places wdiere there was water, and grass and wood for 
 our campfires. After these preparations, on the i6th 
 day of May, 1864, after giving a tearful good-bye to 
 our parents, our friends, our good, comfortable homes 
 and everything that was dear to us, we started on that 
 never to be forgotten camping trip across the plains. 
 Though the company was large and well-provisioned 
 and the weather fine, though the stars and moon cheered 
 us by night and the ever-glowing sun brightened our 
 days, still w'e were sad. We knew we were leaving 
 civilization behind us, that we would have to travel 
 unmade roads, up and down hills across mountains, 
 over treacherous rivers and through barren wastes. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 953 
 
 We knew many tribes of wild Indians were directly in 
 our path, still we were not afraid. Youth is not 
 afraid of anything and we were all^ young then. 
 
 “It took one week to reach Council Bluffs from Des 
 INIoines. The Missouri river between Council Bluffs 
 and Omaha (two small towns then) had to be crossed 
 on a ferry boat. Our wagons w^ere all numbered with 
 chalk, beginning with “One” ; I think ours was num- 
 ber “One Hundred Nine.” We paid two dollars each 
 to have our wagons ferried over. It took all of one 
 day and one night to do this, the ferryman keeping 
 busy at work while we slept in our w^agons. Early in 
 the morning our party w^as in Omaha, where we went 
 into camp to spend Sunday. This was our last chance 
 to mingle with others in Sunday devotion in a church. 
 
 I will say right here we kept our Sundays all through 
 that long, long trip much better than they are kept 
 now. On Monday we started _ on our way through 
 Nebraska, every day leaving civilization more surely 
 behind and getting further into an unsettled country. 
 Columbus, then a town of only a few houses, was the 
 last town that I remember. One day we passed through 
 a camp of Pawnee Indians, the first I had ever seen. 
 Our captain said they were Christianized, so I was 
 not afraid of them, but they were very filthy and quite 
 repulsive to me. Near a small stream, called Loup 
 Fork, w^hich we had to be ferried across by number, 
 as usual, our number being so far back, my husband 
 drove our team out of line quite a distance in order 
 to let the horses have some grass to eat while we 
 waited our turn. Here I met my first Indian. Feeling 
 rather homesick, I sat in the back part of the wagon 
 looking out over oceans of land covered with long 
 grass. The horses were eating quietly w'hen I lay down 
 and went fast asleep. I was awakened suddenly by a 
 loud noise. Sitting up quickly I saw in front of me 
 a large Indian, who was trying to get my husband’s 
 overcoat which was lying on the spring seat. In the 
 effort to get it out he had pulled the seat over, and 
 this was the noise that had aw'akened me. Frightened 
 was not the name to tell how I felt. There was a 
 revolver strapped to the wagon bows, and with what 
 remaining sense and strength that was not scared from 
 me, I got hold of it without taking my eyes off the 
 Indian. It was the first revolver as well as the first 
 Indian I had anything to do with. I held one straight 
 and ^ looked at the other steadily. My Indian was 
 afraid of that unloaded revolver and, hesitating but 
 a minute, threw down the overcoat, jumped to the 
 ground and hid in the long grass. I was then afraid 
 he would make off with the horses, so I sat holding 
 the revolver until I saw the men coming to take the 
 wagon. Then my Indian got up and ran swiftly away. 
 I was completely outdone, and like a woman will do, 
 cried myself sick wishing I was back in Des Moines. 
 But wishing was of no use. It was as safe to go on 
 as to go back alone. We soon learned that our peace 
 of mind and safety depended on our staying together. 
 There were days and even weeks when days and nights 
 seemed about the same, only we were moving on. 
 
 “One night our captain said that he had seen some 
 buffaloes in the vicinity of our camp and thought that 
 as we had a nice camping place it would be a good 
 thing to camp a few days and hunt. The men were 
 all eager for the hunt but we women protested. We 
 were anxious to move on and get under a roof some- 
 where for the winter : but we had to give in. The men 
 took turns, some going hunting and others watching 
 the horses and camp. At first they got some small 
 game, which made delicious eating. At last they got a 
 huge buffalo and there was great rejoicing in camp and 
 meat galore. We salted some down, dried some for 
 lunches and every camp kettle was being used in the 
 cooking of that buffalo meat. We cooked all day and 
 far into the night, but it never got tender. I think 
 some of our party lost their teeth trying to chew it. 
 
 No amount of cooking ever made it palatable. We 
 had much sport over our buffalo. The ladies con- 
 cluded that it was the great-great-grandfather of the 
 herd, and on account of his great age could not keep 
 up with the rest and so fell easy prey to our amateur 
 hunters. 
 
 “Many days after our big hunt, or nearing camp one 
 night, we were delighted to see our captain and his 
 horses standing under some huge shade trees. It 
 was such an unusual thing to see and we were so 
 pleased with the sight, that we drove rapidly that we 
 might enjoy the shade before nightfall. After un- 
 packing, some observing member of our party, looking 
 up into the tree-tops, made the discovery that this was 
 an Indian burial place. A lot of dead Indians wrapped 
 in blankets were fastened to the branches above our 
 heads. We quickly moved camp. We should have 
 stayed, for you know the saying that the only good 
 Indian is a dead one. Another time, after a long 
 drive under the burning sun, our captain stopped at a 
 beautiful gushing spring. We had again begun to un- 
 pack when a thirsty member of our party tasted_ the 
 water and found it scalding hot and so strong of in- 
 fernal regions that we thought it best to move our 
 camp. 
 
 “Sometimes it was hard to find camping places where 
 there was wood, grass and water. In that case we had 
 to haul our wood and water with us. When we were 
 loaded in this way, everyone walked to lighten the load, 
 for our horses were getting very tired. Some of us 
 got to be very good pedestrians before we reached the 
 end of our journey. We always camped on Sundays 
 and sometimes longer if we found a nice place. The 
 time was spent in doing some necessary work or in 
 having a good social time. Occasionally on Saturday 
 night we would have a dance. The ground would be 
 smooth, the instruments brought out, and some would 
 dance while others sat about the campfires and told 
 stories till the wee hours of the night. 
 
 “On one of those long camping times, while the 
 horses were picketed out in the grass, the men busy 
 mending the harness, and the women on the banks of 
 the Platte were washing, we were startled by a tremend- 
 ous war-whoop, and the first thing we knew we were 
 almost completely surrounded by Indians. We soon 
 found that they were trying to stampede our horses, 
 which they succeeded very well in doing. The men 
 took what were left and went after the others that the 
 Indians had taken, and succeeded in getting_ a good 
 many horses back, but one of our men was killed and 
 another crippled by the Indians. It was sad to bury 
 one of our party and leave him resting there all alone 
 as we journey on, but we had many such experiences 
 before our long trip was over. 
 
 “The Civil war was in progress when w'e left the 
 east. We had had no communications from our friends 
 and it was not until we reached Virginia City that we 
 heard the war was about over and we w^ere very thank- 
 ful. On the Fourth of JuR we camped and celebrated. 
 Many of us had little flags, which we put around our 
 camp, the best speaker was called upon for an oration 
 and several little picnic dinners were indulged in. 
 Along in August we were getting so tired and wishing 
 we would now soon get to some place where we could 
 camp for good. We were still about five hundred miles 
 from where Bozeman now is, I think, when one day 
 our captain met a party that had been to Virginia City, 
 the greatest placer mining camp in the world. They 
 were going back and told us there was no use in going 
 on, that the countrj^ was wild and cold and not fit for 
 anyone to live in; that we’d all better turn back. We 
 were filled with consternation ; we could not go back ; 
 our teams were almost worn out. We soon met another 
 party. With them was the great scout and guide, 
 Bridger, guiding them back to the east. The party 
 going west and the party going east camped together 
 
954 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 that night. We women put on our best dresses and 
 called on Bridger to ask his advice as to what we 
 should do ; whether we should go forward or turn 
 back. We found a pleasant, grizzled old man, with a 
 kind smile and pleasant blue eyes. He was dressed in 
 a buckskin suit and on his head wore a bearskin cap, 
 beneath which hung his long hair. He looked as if he 
 had lived out of doors all his life, and I suppose he 
 had. He very pleasantly told us that he thought the 
 western country had a great future, and that it was 
 only the young, strong and brave who would be able 
 to make a great country out of it. lie told us that 
 if we had been brave enough to get this far, to just 
 go on. The country, he said, needed such pioneer men 
 and women, and he did not believe we would lose any- 
 thing hy going on. He said the mining camp was 
 overdone, hut the valleys were large and fertile and 
 well watered. He thought Lite government would 
 surely send out soldiers to protect the people, and the 
 soldiers and miners, he said, would have to be fed. 
 Then, in his pleasant voice he continued : ‘Ladies, as 
 you have been brave enough to get this far, I believe 
 you will be brave enough to go on. I will go back with 
 you and help you down Bridger Pass, a very treacher- 
 ous part of the road to pass over. I have guided many 
 people over it and it is named Bridger Canyon in my 
 honor.’ 
 
 "We came on and he came with us. Our wagons 
 were let down by ropes and chains over this mountain 
 pass, but this was our last bad place. We were soon 
 in what is now called Gallatin Valley and where Boze- 
 man now stands. But, my dear children, there was 
 nothing here but the valley, and the beautiful river — ■ 
 absolutely nothing. That was the first of September, 
 1864. There were no kind friends to welcome us, no 
 glad hand held out to us. We just had to stay and 
 make those homes we had thought of, dreamed of and 
 talked so much about. We had to prepare the way for 
 those who would come after us, who did come, and are 
 still coming. I think those pioneer years of isolation 
 and privation helped to make us hospitable and willing 
 to welcome the strangers who are coming among us 
 and have been a great help to us. 
 
 "We went on with our disbanding until we came to 
 Virginia City; then we broke up our camp and scat- 
 tered to different places to do what our minds and 
 willing hands could do. There are not many of us 
 left any more. I have gone east many times since that 
 big camping trip. 1 have gone on the Pullman cars, 
 and in 1869 1 went partly by stage and partly by com- 
 mon cars, but nothing has ever compared to my camp- 
 ing trip. In 1907 1 went to Kansas City and kind friends 
 were showing me around the city. They took me to 
 Washington Park Cemetery, one of the most beautiful 
 places I have ever seen. While there I came across 
 Bridger's monument, with his profile on it. The moment 
 I saw it I knew who it was. I was so glad his remains 
 were lying in such a beautiful place, altho\igh I heard 
 afterwards that he died in poverty, like so many of 
 our good men. Kind friends had erected the monu- 
 ment to his memory. Now when any of you go to 
 Bridger Canyon for an outing, you will know how it 
 derived its name.” 
 
 After remaining in Virginia City for three weeks, 
 Mr. and Mrs. McDonnell took up some land about five 
 miles from Gallatin City, on the Madison river, where 
 until 1879 they were engaged in dairying and stock 
 raising. The original tract of 160 acres, which had been 
 secured at about $2.50 per acre, had been added to 
 from time to time until there were 640 acres in the 
 property, in addition to which Mr. McDonnell had 
 accumulated three thousand acres on Elk creek, and 
 a part of this latter was disposed of for $100 per acre 
 in igio. At this time Mr. McDonnell is the owner of 
 180 acres, but since 1905 has been living a retired life, 
 satisfied that he has contributed his due share to his 
 
 adopted section's development. He has resided in 
 Bozeman since 1879, having come to this city in order 
 that his children might secure better educational ad- 
 vantages. Here he and his wife are known as worthy 
 representatives of that class of sturdy men and women, 
 who in the early days had the courage to pave the way, 
 and through whose efforts the prophecy of Bridger, as 
 to the great future of the western country, has been 
 fulfilled. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. McDonnell have had four children, 
 namely; Annie, born May 31, 1865, who died November 
 12, 1879; William L., engaged in farming in Gallatin 
 county, who married Edith C. Waterman; Edward, also 
 an agriculturist of Gallatin county, who married Kath- 
 erine Black; and Robert E., a well-known civil engi- 
 neer of Kansas City, Missouri, who married Georgianna 
 Howlett. Mr. and Mrs. McDonnell have two grand- 
 daughters and five grandsons. 
 
 Hon. Robert S. Ford. While Robert S. Ford has 
 been a resident of Great Falls for more than twenty 
 years, and among its most enterprising and substantial 
 citizens, his business and financial interests have been 
 so extensive and wide spread as to entitle him to claim 
 identity with the great Northwest. His career has been 
 marked by successful achievement in every avenue of 
 business activity in which he has been engaged since 
 leaving home at the age of nineteen years, and among 
 the manv enterprising; men whose vigor and activity 
 have added to the material importance of Montana he 
 holds a deservedly high place. Mr. Ford was born 
 January 14, 1842, in Simpson countv, Kentucky, and is 
 a son of John C. and Henrietta (Simpson) Ford. His 
 father died when Robert S. was a lad of five years, in 
 1847, and in 1855 the family made removal to West- 
 port, Missouri, where his education was completed in 
 the common schools. 
 
 Mr. Ford was but nineteen years of age when he 
 decided to seek his fortune in the unsettled West, enter- 
 ing the freighting business with ox-teams, between 
 Nebraska City and Fort Laramie, a government post 
 on the Laramie river, and was advanced in the following 
 year to the post of assistant wagon master. In 1863 
 he was placed in charge of a wagon train, and in 1864 
 came to Montana in charge of an ox-train of sixteen 
 wagons of merchandise. Continuing here, Mr. Ford 
 freighted from Benton, Cow Island and the Milk river 
 country to the mining camps of Helena, Virginia City, 
 Bannack and Deer Lodge until 1868, in which year he 
 visited his mother in Kentucky, she having returned 
 to the South during the Civil war. In the spring of 
 r86g, Mr. Ford went to Colorado, where he purchased 
 three hundred head of Texas cattle, which were driven 
 to Beaver Head valley and sold at a good profit. Thus 
 encouraged, he again went to Colorado, and in Denver 
 purchased seven hundred head of stock, which were 
 wintered in 1871 at the mouth of the Sun river and 
 disposed of them in the spring. His winter cabin was 
 located about two miles from Great Falls and was 
 erected by Mr. Ford himself. His next trip to Denver 
 resulted in the purchase of a herd of twelve hundred 
 head of cattle, which arrived at the mouth of the Sun 
 river in November, 1872. In the spring of 1873, Mr. 
 Ford located near Sun River Crossing, and here he 
 settled down to the devolopment of one of the most 
 lucrative ranching projects ever seen in the valley. Fie 
 soon came to be one of the really big stock men of 
 Montana, and carried on an enormous business in con- 
 tracting with the government for meat. In 1891 Mr. 
 Ford brought his family to Great Falls, and here estab- 
 lished the Great Falls National Bank, of which he has 
 been president ever since, and office which he has filled 
 with the utmost integrity and carefulness, manifesting 
 in his capacity as chief executive of the institution a 
 large measure of native shrewdness and business acumen. 
 Like all of his other enterprises in which he has been 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 955 
 
 engaged during more than half a century, this has bep 
 a decided success and is an illustration of his versatile 
 talents. His property interests in Great Falls are wide 
 spread, and he is one of the most public-spirited and 
 altogether valuable citizens that the community knovys. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Ford was married in Kentucky to Miss 
 Sue McClanahan, daughter of James Wesley and Lydia 
 A. McClanahan, prominent people of Simpson county, 
 where Mrs. Ford was born July i, 1859. The family is 
 one of the oldest in the state, having settled in Kentucky 
 in its earlier days. Mrs. Ford’s girlhood was spent 
 principally at her home until the time of her marriage, 
 September 10, 1878, when she became the wife of 
 Robert Simpson Ford of this review. Within a few 
 weeks after their wedding they took up their residence 
 at the home of Mr. Ford, near Sun River Crossing, and 
 there resided until coming to Great Falls, and here they 
 have since resided. Five children have been born to 
 i\Ir. and Mrs. Ford, of whom two sons, Lee iM. and 
 Shirley S., survive, the other three having died in in- 
 fancy, while the family were still residents of Sun River. 
 Mrs. Ford died October 25, 1906. 
 
 A stalwart Democrat in his political views, Mr. Ford 
 in 1876 was the representative from Chouteau county to 
 the state legislature. In 1877 he represented Chou- 
 teau and Meagher counties in the state senate, and in 
 1880 was chosen to represent his district in the Four- 
 teenth legislative assembly. He has manifested an 
 inclination and ability to perform all the duties of good 
 citizenship, and has been alive to the demands which 
 a growing community casts upon its leading men. He 
 has taken an active part in bringing about reforms in 
 municipal affairs, and has actively and efficiently aided 
 in whatever has been undertaken to raise the tone of 
 morality among the people. 
 
 Hon. James E. Martin. Prominently connected 
 with the public interests of Gallatin county, Montana, 
 a leader in its progressive citizenship for more than 
 thirty years, Hon. James E. Martin, president of the 
 National Bank of Gallatin Valley at Bozeman, has 
 been also closely identified with the business enter- 
 prises which have served as foundation stones on which 
 the stable prosperity of this section has been built. As 
 a financier he is widely known, having been for four- 
 teen years cashier of the Gallatin Valley National 
 Bank at Bozeman, and later, in 1904, was one of the 
 organizers of the National Bank of the Gallatin Valley 
 and was elected the first president of this institution, 
 the policy of which he has directed ever since. James 
 E. iMartin is a native of Howard county, Missouri, and 
 was born August 16, 1840, one of the 'six children of 
 Thomas L. and Julia (Elliott) Martin. His paternal 
 grandparents were David G. and Elizabeth (Lamb) 
 Martin, the former one of the pioneers of Missouri, 
 who removed to Howard county, IMissouri, and there 
 died when about eighty years of age. His wife died 
 in Kansas a few years prior to her husband’s death. 
 Thomas L. Martin was born in Kentucky in 1810, 
 and was about two years of age when he accompanied 
 his parents to the west. He there engaged quite ex- 
 tensively in farming and stock raising, and died in iMarch 
 1867, when he had reached the age of fifty-seven years, 
 while his wife, a native of Missouri, passed away when 
 James E. was but nine years of age. 
 
 The education of James E. Alartin was secured in 
 the district schools of the vicinity of his father’s farm 
 and he was reared to agricultural pursuits. When about 
 sixteen years of age he accompanied his father to 
 Kansas, where he studied for a few months in High- 
 land University, at Highland, but his education has 
 largely been acquired through self-discipline and he is 
 distinctly a man of broad general information and 
 mature _ judgment, having gained much through his 
 association with men and affairs. When about thirteen 
 years of age he earned his first dollar and assumed his 
 
 first individual responsibility by engaging to drive cattle, 
 receiving forty cents per day. Within two j-ears he 
 was receiving fifteen dollars per month as a farm 
 hand, working for neighbors near the old homestead 
 in Missouri. In Kansas he remained until the spring 
 of 1864, when he started on the long trip to Montana, 
 by ox-team, the journey being uneventful and the party 
 having no serious trouble with the Indians. He arrived 
 in the Gallatin valley in September, and took up a 
 homestead claim of 160 acres of land, which he im- 
 proved and put under effective cultivation. He here 
 continued his residence for about three years, when 
 the death of his father called him to Kansas to assist 
 in settling the estate. He remained there until 1876 
 when he returned to Bozeman, where, in 1892, he erected 
 a handsome residence of modern architectural design 
 and conveniences, and here he has since maintained 
 his home, having resigned the management of his farm 
 to his eldest son. For fourteen years i\Ir. iMartin 
 served as cashier of the Gallatin Valley National Bank 
 at Bozeman, having been one of the organizers of that 
 institution, and in 1904, as before stated, became one 
 of those who organized the National Bank of Gallatin 
 Valley, of which solid and substantial institution he has 
 since served as president.- In his political preferment 
 Mr. Martin has ever been a stanch and ardent Democrat 
 and unwavering in the support of his party’s principles, 
 while his first presidential vote was cast for General 
 Hancock. He was elected as a representative of Galla- 
 tin county in the lower house of the legislature in 
 1893, and was a working member and one whose able 
 services were appreciated both by his colleagues and 
 his constituency. The second legislative assembly was 
 attended by no little internal dissention and turbulence, 
 as specific historical records only too plainly indicate, 
 but IMr. Martin showed by his actions that they were 
 those of a strong man and a wise and just legislator. 
 In 1896 he was again elected to the legislature from 
 his county, and in 1898 was chosen as his own succes- 
 sor, having thus been a member of the assembly of 
 1900-01. In his legislative career he was assigned to 
 membership on many important committees, and his 
 every effort in the house was directed to the enactment 
 of wise laws and for effective legislation along all lines. 
 i\Ir. Martin has also been called upon to fill various 
 county offices, and was the incumbent of the important 
 office of county commissioner for one term. In all the 
 relations of life, both public and private, he has retained 
 the confidence and respect of his fellowmen. Fraternally 
 he is known as a prominent Alason, having held mem- 
 bership in that body for many years and filled various 
 chairs. 
 
 After his return to Kansas, Dir. DIartin was there 
 married, July 27, 1871, to Dliss Sallie Armstrong, a 
 sister of Judge F. K. Armstrong. Dir. and DIrs. Martin 
 became the parents of five children, of whom two died 
 in infancy, while the survivors are : Roy E.. who mar- 
 ried Dliss Avilla Hill, and has the management of his 
 father’s farm; and James E., Jr.; and Julia E.. living 
 with their parents. 
 
 Alfred W. Orton. It is a safe presumption that Alf- 
 red W. Orton, manager of the branch musical establish- 
 ment of Norton Brothers, at 39 East DIain street, is one 
 of the most progressive and enterprising business men 
 of his locality, as well as one of the most popular, and 
 an example of self-made manhood that is worthy of 
 the most persistent and conscientious emulation. He 
 was born at Council Bluffs, Pottawatomie county, Iowa, 
 July 8, 1855, and is a son of James C. and Pauline Orton. 
 James C. (Trton was born in the state of New York, 
 and in 1846 removed as a young man to Iowa, 
 where he worked at his trade of brick mason, although 
 at various times he also secured employment as a musi- 
 cian, being a skilled performer on the violin. In iS6r 
 he. removed to Springville, Utah, where for three years 
 
950 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 he worked at his trade, then removing to Virginia City, 
 Montana territory, a trip which consumed two months, 
 while the former journey, from Council Bluffs, had 
 taken six months, with a bull team. For some time he 
 was engaged in working as a mason and in playing odd 
 engagements as a musician, but ■ eventually traded one 
 bull team for a log house without windows, situated in 
 the city, and until his death, in 1879, when he was sixty- 
 three years of age, was engaged in freighting between 
 Helena, Virginia City, Fort Benton, Deer Lodge and 
 Bannack. He was an active member of the Masonic 
 fraternity, and an ardent Democrat in politics. His 
 wife, born in Pennsylvania, passed away in 1882, when 
 fifty-three years of age. Alfred W. was the oldest of 
 their nine children, of whom five are now living. 
 
 Alfred W. Orton was nine years of age when he ac- 
 companied his parents overland to Virginia Citj', and 
 in 1867 began work in the printing office of the Mon- 
 tana Democrat, at old Virginia City, and was later with 
 the Madisonian. As early as 1873 he came to Bozeman 
 and for about one and one-half years was employed on 
 the Bozeman Times, but in 1873 returned to the Madi- 
 sonian in Virginia City, where he was also connected 
 with the Montanian for two years. He returned to 
 Bozeman in the fall of 1877, but soon removed to Butte 
 to engage in the liquor business, with which he was 
 connected until 1880 and then became foreman of the 
 pressroom of the Butte Miner. In the winter of 1880 he 
 returned to the Madisonian, and in the following spring 
 again came to Bozeman, where he engaged in the 
 liquor business, but in the fall of 1883 went to Butte 
 and with his five brothers organized a band and also 
 opened a roller skating rink. Mr. Orton leased the 
 Silver Bow Club up to the fall of 1888, when he en- 
 gaged in the musical instrument business in Butte, and 
 in 1890 he again came to Bozeman to engage in the 
 liquor business. In 1895 he again returned to Butte 
 and was employed by the City Railway Company until 
 1903. In that year he was appointed city inspector of 
 weights and measures and licenses, and was license 
 collector from 1905 to 1907, in which year he became 
 identified with the musical instrument firm of Orton 
 Brothers. Since 1909 he has been manager of the branch 
 store at Bozeman. He is a member of Ridgely Lodge 
 No. 12, I. O. O. F., at Butte, and in his political views 
 is a Democrat. 
 
 On December 21, 1882, Mr. Orton was married to 
 Miss Marie DeBooth, who was born at Salt Lake City, 
 Utah, daughter of Joseph DeBooth, a native of Scot- 
 land. Mr. and Mrs. Orton have had three children; 
 Viola and Pearl, twins, and Wallace Alfred, an expert 
 piano tuner, who inherits much of the musical talent 
 of his father and grandfather. During his long resi- 
 dence in this part of the state Mr. Orton has made nu- 
 merous acquaintances and is popular with all classes. 
 He takes a great interest in the welfare of his com- 
 munity, and is at all times ready to support beneficial 
 measures and to do his full duty as a good and public- 
 spirited citizen. 
 
 Robert Vaughn. It is not an empty distinction to 
 have lived actively and usefully in any state for a period 
 of nearly half a century. But in Montana and other 
 western states fifty years means dating back to the times 
 when residence meant pioneering, when activity was 
 synonymous with adventure, and when none but the 
 strong and the daring could endure the struggle with 
 the elemental forces of nature and barbarism in this 
 region. 
 
 It lacks but little more than a year to complete the 
 half century since Robert Vaughn first ventured into 
 the country which has since become the state of Mon- 
 tana. Of those he found here and of those who came 
 about the same time, many went down before the stress 
 of Indian warfare, of pioneer hardship, and the com- 
 mon mortality of mankind. He is one of few survivors 
 
 from that era which accomplished the beginnings of civi- 
 lization in Montana. Much that the symbols of history 
 must preserve for future knowledge, he knows by per- 
 sonal recollection. The scroll of progress was unrolled 
 before his eyes, and he himself was no inconspicuous 
 actor in those processes and events which became the 
 vital annals of this state. One of the oldest residents, 
 none is worthier by character and achievement of the 
 permanent record than Robert Vaughn. 
 
 A great many people have become familiar with the 
 story of this pioneer and his associates through the 
 publication of which he is the author, entitled “Then 
 and Now.” This volume, which has had quite a large 
 sale, recites the many trials and hardships endured by 
 the early settlers of Montana. 
 
 A native of Wales, in 1858, at the age of twenty-four, 
 Robert Vaughn came to America, and from New York 
 finally drifted out to Illinois. It is important to know 
 how the pioneers came to Montana, and the story of 
 Mr. Vaughn’s coming may be told largely in his own 
 words. He left Fairbury, Livingston county, Illinois, 
 on the 4th of March, 1864, in company with James Gibb, 
 John Jackson, James Martin and Sam Dempster and 
 wife, destined for the new gold fields in Idaho, for at 
 that time the territory of Montana had not been created. 
 The mode of travel was with a four-horse team and 
 a farm wagon. A great part of Illinois and Iowa at 
 that time was sparsely settled, and the party would 
 travel for hours without seeing signs of any habitation. 
 They crossed the Missouri river by ferry-boat to- 
 Omaha, which had but twelve hundred inhabitants. 
 There was made up a train of sixty-five wagons, some 
 of them being drawn by oxen. It was a mixed train ; 
 some were going to California, Oregon, Washington 
 and Salt Lake, but most of them were bound for the 
 new gold diggings in Idaho. They all followed a com- 
 mon route as far as Fort Laramie, the trail to the post 
 being on the north side of the North Platte river. On 
 the way a great many Indians of the Pawnee tribe 
 were encountered, but all of them were friendly. At 
 Fort Laramie they met the noted frontiersman, John 
 Bozeman, after whom the city of Bozeman is named. 
 He sought to organize a train to take a cut-off route, 
 east of the Big Horn mountains. There was also a 
 man by the name of Joe Knight, who was a trader at 
 this place. He had two wagons, four mules each, with 
 supplies for Alder Gulch, and he was getting up a train 
 to go west of the Big Horn mountains and through the 
 Wind River country. Mr. Vaughn joined this party of 
 Knight's. They made up a train of about one hun- 
 dred wagons and about three hundred good resolute 
 men. Each man during the hazardous trip had to take 
 his turn standing guard at night as a precaution against 
 attack by marauding Indians, and after a tedious trip, 
 with many hardships, they reached Alder Gulch on 
 the 13th of July, 1864. This was one of the first out- 
 fits to enter Montana over that trail. The most of the 
 time they followed the trail of Jim Bridger, who was 
 about three days ahead with a train for Alder Gulch. 
 
 Such was the introduction of Robert Vaughn to Mon- 
 tana. In the history of the state’s development as re- 
 counted on other pages of this work the reader might 
 properly read the name of Robert Vaughn into many 
 of the events and scenes there portrayed. His expe- 
 rience comprised all phases of the varied life of pioneer 
 times. He came to know all the notable personalities 
 of both the territorial and the state era, and was in 
 turn known and esteemed by them. For many years 
 he was one of the big ranchers of the state, and made a 
 specialty of horse raising, producing some of the best 
 in Montana. About two years after the death of his 
 wife he sold his ranch to his old friend. Captain Couch, 
 and then moved to Great Falls, which then had about 
 3.000 inhabitants. As his home for over twenty years 
 Mr. Vaughn has taken much pride in Great Falls and 
 has been a factor in its upbuilding. The finest business 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 957 
 
 structure in the cit}- is the Vaughn Block. Such im- 
 provements are always as valuable to the community 
 in which they are placed as to the builder and owner. 
 This substantial enterprise indicates Mr. Vaughn's high 
 appreciation of Great Falls as a commercial center, and 
 he affirms this to be the best city in the state. 
 
 Robert Vaughn was married on the 25th of August, 
 1886, to Miss Elizabeth Donahue, daughter of Matthew 
 and Jane Donahue, of Toronto, Canada. Mrs. Vaughn 
 died on January 13, 1888, at the age of thirty-three years. 
 Arvonia Elizabeth Vaughn, her only child, was born 
 January i, 1888. She was reared with all the care and 
 advantages that a devoted father could give. On Octo- 
 ber 4, 1911, she married Mr. H. M. Sprague, formerly 
 a resident of New York state and now of Great Falls. 
 Mr. Vaughn now has his home with his daughter and 
 her husband. 
 
 It has been the purpose of this sketch to set forth in 
 its essential outlines the career of one of Montana’s 
 notable pioneers. The bald facts have been stated, and 
 as is the custom in many occasions the best has been 
 reserved for the last. Not least among the causes which 
 will _ identify Robert Vaughn with Montana are his 
 writings on many subjects connected with the people 
 and history of this state. He has the gift of straight- 
 forward statement, characteristic of western frontier 
 character. In a work of this kind it would not be amiss 
 to quote voluminously from such writings, but here it 
 is deemed sufficient to repeat his simple narrative of 
 his own early life, that to be followed with a quotation 
 of his tribute to the Montana pioneers. 
 
 His own story begins as follows; “I was born in 
 Wales, June 5, 1836, and was reared on a farm until 
 I was nineteen years old. My parents’ names were 
 Edward and Elizabeth Vaughan. There were six chil- 
 dren — Jane, Hugh, Robert, Edward, John and Marj^ 
 Edward lives in the old home at the present time. His 
 address is Dugoed Bach, Dinas Maudduy, Merconeth- 
 shire. Great Britain. 
 
 “My parents were of good family; by that I mean 
 they and their ancestors were good Christian people, 
 father and mother were members of the Episcopal 
 church. Father was a warden as long as I can remem- 
 ber. Mother was my only teacher. She taught me to 
 obey, to tell the truth, to be kind, to respect others and 
 above all to fear God. 
 
 “I left home when I was between nineteen and 
 twenty. .\t this time I could speak but the Welsh 
 language. I had a great desire to learn to speak Eng- 
 lish ; therefore I went to Liverpool where sister Jane 
 lived. Here I secured employment from the Honorable 
 Benjamin Haywood Jones to work in the flower gar- 
 den at his beautiful home on the West Derby Road. 
 He was a rich banker in the city. I remained there 
 over a year. Brother Hugh had gone to America a 
 \ear before I left home, locating near Rome, New 
 \ ork, so, in the fall of 1858, instead of going home as 
 I intended, I concluded that it would be a good idea 
 for me to go to America and see my brother, and then 
 return after three or four months. Therefore, without 
 the knowledge of my parents I took passage on board 
 a steamship, named the Vigo, bound for New York. 
 I was on the ocean twelve days and a half. As soon 
 as I landed I wrote home and stated what I had done, 
 and that I would be back home in four or five months, 
 and at that time it was my honest intention to do so. 
 From New York City I went to my brother’s and stayed 
 with him about three months. I next went to Palmyra, 
 Ohio, to see my Aunt Ann, my father's sister. I was 
 right at home now, and m3’ father was satisfied since I 
 was in the care of his sister. I was at her home over 
 a year, going thence to Youngstown, Ohio, where I 
 worked for Joshua Davis on a farm, and where I later 
 worked in the coal mines. From there I proceeded to 
 McLean county, Illinois, where my brother had been 
 living for two years. I farmed with him one summer. 
 
 then I went to Fairbur3’, Livingston county, and mined 
 coal until 1864. 
 
 “During all of this time I wrote home regularly and 
 received letters in return, but instead of going home 
 I was continually getting further from it. Somehow 
 I could not resist the desire to venture into the un- 
 settled regions of the West. I kept drifting further 
 and further until I found myself in the heart of the 
 Rocky Mountains, si.x thousand miles from home. 
 
 “In this way over fifty-six years have elapsed since 
 I left my childhood home, but the picture remains in 
 my memory as though it were but yesterday; every- 
 thing appears to me as it was the last time I saw it. 
 The home still seems the same. The ivy creeping up 
 the walls ; the sycamore, alder, birch and spruce trees 
 stand there like sentries guarding it. The rose bushes 
 and evergreen in front; the hollies where the sparrows 
 huddled together at night; the orchard and the old 
 stone barn ; and I imagine that 
 
 “I see the quiet fields around. 
 
 I stroll about as one who dreams 
 Till each familiar place if found. 
 
 How strangely sweet to me it seems. 
 
 “The old and well known paths are there. 
 
 My youthful feet so often pressed. 
 
 Gone is the weight of manhood’s care, 
 
 And in its place a sense of rest. 
 
 “The broad expanse before me lies. 
 
 Checked here and there with squares of 
 green ; 
 
 Where freshly growing crops arise. 
 
 And browner places intervene.” 
 
 “I see the dancing rill flowing by the garden gate, 
 and the great arch of white thorn overspanning the 
 passageway that led to the main road. There my mother 
 embraced me and kissed me and bade me good-bye, for 
 the last time. Here ‘my only teacher’ gave me her last 
 instructions, which were these : ‘My dear son, be care- 
 ful in selecting your companions to go out with in the 
 evenings. God be with you, good-bye.’ 
 
 “Oh, how sweetly her voice fell on my listening ear. 
 And how I imagine those soft words I hear ; 
 
 If I ever view her silent grave. 
 
 My tears will flow like an ocean wave.” 
 
 “There she stood gazing at her wandering boy 
 leaving home. We watched one another until a curve 
 in the road hid me from her sight. That was the last 
 time I saw my mother. Father came with me about a 
 quarter of a mile. We spoke but very little; we were 
 both very sad. Suddenly father turned to me and took 
 me by the hand and said : ‘Well my son, fare thee well, 
 be a good boy.’ I was weeping bitterly, and after I 
 had gone a little way I looked back and saw father 
 leaning against a gate, which led to the meadow, with 
 both hands over his face. This caused my tears to 
 flow faster than ever. I shall always believe that father 
 was praying for me then. And that was the last time 
 I saw him. Father and mother are now sleeping in 
 the silent tomb, but in my memory they appear as I 
 saw them last. Nothing can efface that vision from 
 my memory. I often think that I might not have fared 
 so well and would perhaps be a worse man than I am, 
 were it not for the prayers of father and mother.” 
 
 In a recent contribution to the IMontana Historical 
 Library. Mr. Vaughn told in graphic verse of the char- 
 acter and experiences of the men who settled Montana, 
 and this tribute may fitly close this article: 
 
958 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 To Montana Pioneers 
 
 Montana pioneers were they, 
 
 Who opened the Wilderness Gate, 
 
 That civilization might come. 
 
 And transform it into a state. 
 
 They were the brave pioneers who. 
 
 Away, away westward went 
 O'er countless miles of trackless plains 
 When stirring were the events. 
 
 Most popular way to go west then 
 Was in a prairie schooner. 
 
 Though there were other outfits 
 Would get them there much sooner. 
 
 What a long and perilous journey 
 Was the trip across the plain. 
 
 Out in cold and stormy weather. 
 
 Tugging through mud and rain ! 
 
 Many fights they had with Indians, 
 
 Who were watching night and day. 
 
 For a chance to steal and plunder 
 And to run their stock away. 
 
 Those came first went to the mountains 
 In small bands to hunt for gold. 
 
 They had bloody fights with Indians, 
 Endured hunger, fear and cold. 
 
 One was killed near the camp fire 
 While, drinking his cup of tea. 
 
 Another arrow rent the air 
 And came near killing me. 
 
 I.ater others came and settled 
 In the valleys and the plains. 
 
 Hiey, too, fought some desperate battles. 
 
 In which many a one was slain. 
 
 In those battles with the savages 
 Many a pioneer then did fall. 
 
 And as many of the enemy 
 Answered to the rifle’s call. 
 
 Blessed be those noble women 
 Who then crossed the trackless plain. 
 They were the "Red Cross" in those battles 
 To the wounded and the slain. 
 
 It cost twelve hundred lives or more 
 To win the glorious victory. 
 
 That now the people of this state 
 May live in peace and plenty. 
 
 Honor the memory of those who've 
 Passed over the Great Divide 
 To rest in Camp Eternity 
 
 On the plain on the other side. 
 
 After all we greatly enjoyed 
 Life on the wild frontier. 
 
 As long as we had a grub-stake mine 
 And the Indians not too near. 
 
 As a general thing our health was good, 
 rWhen Indians were not near), 
 
 .■\nd as a rule we had plenty to eat. 
 Antelope meat and deer. 
 
 And when the holidays would come 
 We had a Christmas dinner, 
 
 A partridge, vension and plum-duff. 
 
 We cared for nothing better. 
 
 Little we thought that we were then 
 Paving the way for a state. 
 
 Paving a way for Montana, 
 
 MONTANA, The Treasure State. 
 
 David B. Weaver. Now venerable in years but ad- 
 mirably preserved in both mental and physical faculties, 
 this sterling pioneer of Montana maintains his home at 
 Saxton, Bedford county, Pennsylvania, but his experi- 
 ences in connection with early affairs in Montana as well 
 as the notew'orthy contribution which he has made to the 
 recorded history of this great commonwealth render it 
 most consonant to accord him special representation in 
 this publication. As a pioneer of the West he was one 
 of those urged to intelligent self-development and in- 
 vention as well as discovery, as, like others who braved 
 conditions on the frontier of civilization, he was wholly 
 dependent upon his own resources. Conditions made the 
 pioneers inventive and self-reliant, and this was not 
 only in material things but also in less tangible matters. 
 They became philosophers and thinkers — real exercisers 
 of thought and reason, because when confronted with 
 the new conditions and compelled by necessity to over- 
 come them, there was no escape except by thought and 
 action. Wherever there is real thought, and independ- 
 ence, and discipline, and bravery, there is bound to be 
 philosophy and justice. And the pioneers as a rule 
 were intensely just. Their very ruggedness and strength, 
 their simple-heartedness and directness made them just 
 and kept them just; for in their natural acceptance of 
 the wild and primitive life they learned the wonderful 
 fact that as they judged so were they judged. Mr. 
 Weaver has ever retained the deepest interest in the 
 state to which he came nearly half a century ago and he 
 has been most zealous in historical research and investi- 
 gation concerning Montana and other parts of the great 
 empire of the West, the while his various historical con- 
 tributions are of great and enduring value. Fie came to 
 Montana in 1864, the year that marked its segregation 
 from Idaho as an individual territory, and he is the only 
 survivor of the three men who discovered placer gold 
 mines of paying yield in the Yellowstone valley, in 
 August, 1864, besides which he was the first deputy re- 
 corder of the Shorthill district of Montana, in 1864-5. 
 
 David B. Weaver was born in Hopewell township, 
 Fluntingdon county, Pennsylvania, on the 7th of March, 
 1840, and is a son of Jacob and Mary (Berkstresser) 
 Weaver, the former of whom was born in the same 
 county, in 1810, and the latter of whom was born in 
 1816, their marriage having been solemnized in 1838. 
 The father devoted his entire active career to the great 
 basic industry of agriculture and both he and his wife 
 continued to reside in the old Keystone state until their 
 death. At a reunion of the Weaver family held at Shy 
 Beaver, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, on the 14th 
 of September, 1912, an occasion on which about six hun- 
 dred representatives of the family were present, David 
 B. Weaver, the subject of this review, gave a brief out- 
 line of the Weaver genealogy, and from this record are 
 taken the following data. 
 
 Jacob Weaver was one of three brothers who came 
 to America, probably from Holland or the low countries, 
 about the middle of the eighteenth century, — at least 
 prior to the War of the Revolution, the names of his 
 brothers having been Uranamus and Abraham. Urana- 
 nius settled in New York and Jacob, and probably Abra- 
 ham also, located in the province of Maryland. It is 
 practically well authenticated that Jacob Weaver first 
 settled in Prince George county, Maryland, whence he 
 later removed to Washington county, where he became 
 the owner of what was then known as the “Big Spring” 
 property, about a half-mile distant from the present city 
 of Hagerstown, on the Funkstown road. It is said that 
 during or just after the Revolutionary war he sold this 
 property, for which he received payment in gold which 
 he was induced to exchange for Continental currency. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 959 
 
 with subsequent total loss, owing to the depreciation of 
 the latter. He then took out a land w'arrant, to which 
 he was entitled for his services in the Revolutionary 
 w'ar or army, and located the warrant in "Guilford town- 
 ship.'’ At various places in the published Archives of 
 Maryland are references to Jacob Weaver, with record 
 of his service as an officer in a Revolutionar}^ regiment 
 that was recruited partly in Maryland and partly in 
 Pennsylvania, and it is virtually assured that this Jacob 
 Weaver was the pioneer physician here mentioned. Dr. 
 Weaver married Susan Eitner, a native of Wittenberg, 
 Germany, and of their children Christian figures as the 
 next in line of direct descent to him whose name in- 
 troduces this article. Christian Weaver wedded Mary 
 Richer and they established a home in Pennsylvania. 
 They were the parents of Jacob Weaver, father of David 
 B. Weaver, the Montana pioneer. At the family gath- 
 ering before which the genealogical record was pre- 
 sented, as noted in a previous paragraph, a permanent 
 organization was effected and David B. Weaver was 
 elected its president, a position in which he is making 
 special effort to amplify and preserve information con- 
 cerning the family lines. 
 
 In the common schools of his native county David 
 B. Weaver received his early educational discipline, 
 which was later to be most, effectively supplemented 
 by self-application and by the lessons learned under 
 the direction of the wisest of all head-masters, experi- 
 ence. He was vital, energetic and ambitious as a youth, 
 and he never acquired the habits of using tobacco or in- 
 toxicating liquors. He has since stated that these 
 "luxuries" never appealed to him in the least. He has 
 also stated that the curriculum of the common schools 
 in his youth was deficient in American history, and that 
 the only available book that interested him along this 
 line w'as the journal of the Lewis & Clark expedition 
 across the continent, the same having been compiled by 
 Patrick Gass. This work he read and re-read until 
 he had memorized much of its contents, and incidentally 
 there w'as fostered in him a great desire to see the won- 
 derful country described in the publication. It is 
 interesting to record in this connection that Mr. 
 Weaver secured within recent years a copy of a most 
 interesting work entitled "The Life and Times of 
 Patrick Gass,” and that he generously contributed the 
 same to the public library of Butte, Montana, together 
 with a reproduction of the only photographic por- 
 trait known to have been taken of j\Ir. Gass, the same 
 having been an old-style ambrotype. 
 
 ]\Ir. Weaver was reared on the farm and continued 
 to be identified with its work until he had attained to 
 his legal majority. He then went to the Broad Top 
 coal mines, about four miles distant from the old 
 homestead farm, and there he was employed in various 
 capacities until the latter part of the year 1863, when 
 he formed a partnership with David R. Shorthill and 
 leased the Prospect coal mine, from which they mined 
 and shipped coal for the Broad Top Railroad Com- 
 pany. Mr. Shorthill was one of the pioneers in the 
 Pike's Peak district of Colorado and when the Idaho 
 gold fever began to spread through the East he and his 
 partner, Air. Weaver, both succumbed to its ravages. 
 Mr. Weaver now saw a means for indulging his desire 
 to see the West and was sent to Iowa City to purchase 
 oxen and wagon and other necessary equipment for 
 the long and hazardous trip to what is now Alontana. 
 He was joined by Air. Shorthill, Richard Owens, George 
 Travis and Alexander Norris. This little company of 
 adventurers crossed the Alissouri river at Omaha, and 
 thence proceeded along the road on the north side of 
 the Platte river until they arrived at the Bozeman Cut- 
 off, by which trail they continued their journey, theirs 
 having been the third wagon train to follow this 
 route and C. C. Cofffnberry having been captain of the 
 train. Captain Bozeman had taken the first train 
 through this route and Captain Townsend had headed 
 the second wagon train. The party of which Air. 
 
 Weaver was a member arrived at the mouth of Emi 
 grant Gulch on the 27th of August, 1864. His financial 
 investments in the buying of ranch land in the Yellow- 
 stone valley and town property in Yellowstone City 
 proved a total loss. Concerning incidents in connec- 
 tion with his earl}^ experiences in Alontana Air. Weaver 
 has given the following interesting data : 
 
 “All lands lying east of the Yellowstone river were 
 included in the Crow Indian reservation, and the hos- 
 tility of the Indians compelled the frequent abandon- 
 ing of mining operations in Emigrant, Bear and Crev- 
 ice gulches, the while the United States government 
 compelled the abandonment of the three ranches held 
 by J. A. T. Hull, Captain Stafford and myself, who 
 had purchased property from T. E. Stevens. Through 
 this action on the part of the government I lost six 
 hundred and fifty dollars. This land on the east side 
 of the river was held by the Indians until 1880, when it 
 was ceded to the government, the land having been 
 thrown open to settlement in 1882. (Reference: His- 
 tory of the Yellowstone Valley, by the Western His- 
 torical Publishing Company, Spokane, page 130.) 
 
 “I left Yellowstone ‘City’ on the 15th of October, 
 1866, and with riding and pack horses made my way to 
 Helena. There I properly equipped my outfit, and 
 thence ‘packed' my way through to Walla Walla, Wash- 
 ington. I left Helena on the 23d of October and ar- 
 rived in Walla Walla eighteen and one-half days later. 
 Thence I proceeded to San Erancisco, from which city 
 I soon made my way to the Mount Diablo coal mines, 
 where I was employed as pumping engineer until Jan- 
 uary, 1868. I then took passage on a steamer and pro- 
 ceeded to New York, by way of the isthmus of 
 Panama.” 
 
 Air. Weaver returned to Pennsylvania, where he was 
 actively identified with farming and lumbering enter- 
 prises until 1883, when he removed to the state of 
 Florida. There he engaged in the ginning of cotton 
 and also in the manufacturing of lumber. He operated 
 not only a cotton gin and a saw mill, but also a grist 
 mill and planing mill. The climate of Florida caused 
 his health to become impaired and he accordingly re- 
 turned to Pennsylvania a year later. Since that time 
 he has maintained his home in the old Ke\'stone state, 
 and he is one of the representative citizens of Saxton, 
 Bedford county, where he has substantial property- 
 interests. 
 
 The first public office held by Air. Weaver was that 
 of deputy recorder of the Shorthill mining district, in 
 Emigrant Gulch, Montana, in 1864-5. In Hopewell 
 township, Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, he has 
 served as school director, township auditor, and other 
 offices, and he served as a member of the board of com- 
 missioners of that county from 1876 to 1878, inclusive, 
 having been elected on the Democratic ticket. In poli- 
 tics he has for a number of years maintained an in- 
 dependent attitude, and has given his support to men 
 and measures meeting the approval of his judgment. 
 Thus he has voted for both Republican and Demo- 
 cratic candidates. 
 
 In Toppings' Chronicles of the Yellowstone Valley 
 Air. Weaver has called attention to a number of inac- 
 curacies, and liis familiarity with the early conditions 
 and incidents in that section makes his dictum prac- 
 tically authoritative, so that it is specially interesting 
 to note that he now has in preparation a History of the 
 First Settlement and Settlers of the Yellowstone Val- 
 ley, 1864-6, a compilation that cannot fail to prove of 
 great value as an addition to the recorded annals of 
 Montana. In this work Air. Weaver is showing the 
 most careful discrimination and historical accuracy, and 
 the same should find place in all public and reference 
 libraries in Alontana. He has previously made con- 
 tributions to other historical works touching the Yel- 
 lowstone valley, and concerning errors appearing in 
 one of such publications he has vritten as follows : 
 
960 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 “The statement is made that gold was found in Emi- 
 grant Gulch in 1863, by Thomas Curry, who remained 
 in the vicinity for some time, living with the Indians 
 and putting in his time hunting and fishing. This is 
 not correct. Thomas Curry told me personally that 
 lie came over from Alder Gulch in March, 1864, with 
 two companions, and that they were prospecting at the 
 mouth of Emigrant Gulch when the Indians came to 
 them and robbed them of all of their ‘grub.’ I asked 
 him why he permitted this, and he replied that the 
 Indians were too numerous to justify resistance. Con- 
 sequently he and his companions returned to Virginia 
 City for new supplies. Reason will tell us that if 
 Curry were in Alder Gulch in 1863 he would have pro- 
 ceeded to dig for gold there, as the metal was dis- 
 covered there in May of that year, while the gulch is 
 more than fourteen miles in length and at that time 
 afforded an ample amount of rich mining ground for 
 him to locate a rich claim. So this story of his having 
 been in Emigrant Gulch in 1863 is entirely unauthentic.” 
 
 In his home town Mr. Weaver is a charter member 
 of Saxton Grange, No. 1132, which was organized 
 about fifteen years ago. He is a member of the So- 
 ciety of Montana Pioneers and also of the Society of 
 Pioneers of Eastern Montana. He has, as already 
 stated, made most valuable contributions to histories 
 of Montana, both general and specific, and the pub- 
 lication here presented is fortunate in having such a 
 contribution from his pen. Though not formally iden- 
 tified with any religious body Mr. Weaver has the 
 deepest reverence for the spiritual verities and attends 
 the Church of God, at Saxton, supporting the work 
 of that denomination. 
 
 At Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, on the 2d of Decem- 
 ber, 1868, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Weaver 
 to Miss Elizabeth Mountain. She was born in the old 
 Keystone state and her ancestors were numbered 
 among the early settlers of the beautiful Juniata valley. 
 She was a granddaughter of Jane Maguire, -whose mar- 
 velous escape from capture by the Indians, in 1777, 'S 
 narrated in Brumbaugh & Walton’s “Stories of Penn- 
 sylvania.” Mrs. Weaver was a daughter of David 
 Mountain, who was a man of excellent intellectual at- 
 tainments and a successful and popular teacher in the 
 public schools of Pennsylvania in the early days. She 
 was born on the 27th of May, 1841, and was sum- 
 moned to the life eternal on the loth of November, 
 1910, her memory being revered by all who came within 
 the sphere of her gracious and gentle influence. She 
 had one sister and four brothers, and three of her broth- 
 ers were gallant soldiers of the Union in the Civil war. 
 Concerning the children of Mr. and Mrs. Weaver the 
 following brief data are given : Clara B. is the wife of 
 Orbison L. Ben.son and they reside at Salter, Pennsyl- 
 vania; William E., who resides in New York City, wed- 
 ded Miss May Rogers and they have three children, — 
 Ralph, Donald and Gilbert; John M., a resident of Mill- 
 town, Washington, married Miss Mary Shearer; James 
 A. is at Saxton,. Pennsylvania ; Mary C. is the wife of 
 Clarence L. Metzgar, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 
 and they have four children, — Elizabeth, Clarence, Jr., 
 Jack and Harold; and Effie H. resides with her father 
 at Saxton, Pennsylvania. 
 
 From an article written by D. H. Fisher, are taken 
 the following brief statements : “D. B. Weaver is the 
 last survivor of the three men that discovered gold 
 in paying quantities in the Yellowstone valley, in 1864. 
 
 “The first gold mined in what is now known as Mon- 
 tana was by Grannville Stuart, and four companions, 
 on Gold creek, a branch of the Little Blackfoot river. 
 The next or second gold discovery and mining camp 
 was the ‘Grasshopper Diggings’ discovered by John 
 White, and John McGarvin, and others, about the first 
 of August 1862. The third mining camp discovered 
 was Alder Gulch by Bill Fairweather, Mike Sweeny. 
 Barney Hughes, Harry Rodgers, Tom Coover, and 
 
 Henry Edgar on the 26th of May, 1863. The fourth 
 mining camp discovered was Last Chance Gulch by 
 John Cowan and three companions, on July 15, 1864, 
 where the city of Helena is now built. The fifth mining 
 camp discovered was the Emigrant Gulch and mines 
 on the Yellowstone Valley, on the 30th of August, 
 1864, by David R. Shorthill, David B. Weaver and 
 Frank Garrett. This afterward became known as 
 Emigrant Gulch and the village at the mouth of the 
 gulch was known as Yellowstone City. Mr. Weaver 
 worked for Colvin and Uncle Johnnie Cowan on Dis- 
 covery claim, in 1866. Both of these men are dead, 
 and so at this date there are probably only two men 
 living that marked or blazed the trails to the five first 
 placer mines of Montana. These pioneers are Gran- 
 ville Stuart, of Butte, Montana, and David B. Weaver, 
 of Saxton, Pennsylvania.” 
 
 Mr. Weaver gives the following record concerning 
 the Last Chance discovery, the gulch in question now 
 constituting the main business street of Helena, the 
 capital of Montana; “The Last Chance placer gold 
 mines were discovered on the 15th of July, 1864, but 
 the prospectors did not find the gold in paying quan- 
 tities, so they went on further north. Not meeting with 
 better success, they returned to the site of the present 
 city of Helena in November, 1864, to try again on the 
 bar previously discovered. They spoke of this being 
 their last chance, and hence the locality became known 
 as Lasf Chance Bar or the Last Chance Diggings. John 
 Cowan and Colvin were natives of the state of Georgia 
 and had been gold miners in that state, which probably 
 had much to do with their successful prospecting in 
 Montana and in finding the rich placer mines where 
 Helena now stands.” 
 
 Nicholas J. Bielenberg is one of Montana’s fore- 
 most citizens, not only from the conspicuous character 
 of his identification with the state’s development and up- 
 building, but from his long residence therein and the 
 various channels of progress through which his influ- 
 ence, progressiveness and public spirit has been felt. 
 He was but a boy of seventeen when he came to Mon- 
 tana in the spring of 1865, with no other capital than a 
 stcut heart, an industrious nature and habits of frugality 
 that his excellent German parentage had naturally en- 
 dowed him with, yet from this modest equipment he has, 
 l)y dint of his own efforts, been for years accorded a 
 foremost position among the substantial, high class citi- 
 zens of the state. 
 
 Mr. Bielenberg was born in Holstein, Germany, June 
 8. 1847, and was but a youngster of four years when 
 his parents, Claus and Margaret (Cruse) Bielenberg, 
 with his two brothers, Charles H. and John N., immi- 
 grated to the United States. They settled at Daven- 
 port, Iowa, where they engaged in farming, and in that 
 state passed their remaining years. The elder Bielen- 
 berg was an intelligent, well-educated man who had 
 done military service in his native country. He and his 
 sons swiftly adapted themselves to American ways, and 
 the latter, particularly, became superior American citi- 
 zens. Claus Bielenberg was of the Lutheran religion, 
 and all of his family inherited his high moral principles. 
 He built and owned business property in Davenport and 
 its vicinity, and was one of its most highly respected 
 townsmen. 
 
 Nicholas Bielenberg was given the usual public school 
 privileges, but his lively interest in all practical affairs 
 led him to shorten his period of study in_ order to join 
 in the vocational activities in which his father and 
 brother were engaged. The details of the butchering 
 trade were learned by him in Davenport and when six- 
 teen years of age he went to Chicago, where he was em- 
 ployed through the winter of 1865. For his first month’s 
 work he received only three dollars and board. The 
 following spring he returned to Davenport, and made 
 preparations to seek his life’s success in the new west. 
 
r 
 

 
 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 C 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 961 
 
 His trip thither was a most memorable one and worth 
 relating in brief detail. From Davenport the young 
 Bielenberg took a river boat to St. Louis, where he 
 stopped for a few days, after which he took passage on 
 “The Bertrant” up the Missouri river en route to Fort 
 Benton, Montana. About thirty miles above Omaha the 
 boat sank, and although no lives were lost all had to 
 submit to the inconvenience of camping twenty days on 
 the bank of the river while waiting for another boat of 
 the same line. Continuing the voyage neither boat nor 
 passengers met with difficulties until interrupted by a 
 herd of buffalo crossing the stream. This necessitated 
 their waiting for eighteen hours. Their next mishap 
 w'as occasioned when, having reached a point below the 
 Dry Fork of the Missouri, they struck a sand bar, and 
 in the process of extricating the vessel a spar was 
 broken. The delay thus occasioned w'as fraught wdth 
 the most serious circumstance of the entire trip. The 
 party was attacked by Indians, who, in the encounter 
 killed one man, wounded another and carried away two, 
 of whose lives they disposed in the most horrible man- 
 ner. In sight of the stranded passengers of the Ber- 
 trant watching from the deck in desperate helplessness, 
 the Indian squaw's carried dry w'ood, wdth which they 
 surrounded the captives, held in durance by the male 
 savages. With the victims securely bound in the center, 
 the wood was set aflame and the other voyagers saw 
 them thus pitilessly destroyed. It is hardly to be 
 wondered at that Mr. Bielenberg has ever since had an 
 insuperable aversion for the Indian race. The Bertrant 
 was presently started on her way once more and on 
 June i8, 1865, arrived at Fort Benton, having taken a 
 number of deer and elk on the route and having heard 
 of the close of the war wfficn passing one of the river 
 forts. 
 
 After arriving at Fort Benton, ]\Ir. Bielenberg pro- 
 ceeded to consider his immediate future. His objective 
 point was Helena. But, on landing, his exchequer, which 
 had suffered unexpected depletion because of the exi- 
 gencies of the voyage, amounted to exactly thirty-five 
 cents. On the boat which had brought him to Fort Ben- 
 ton was his supply of butcher’s tools, but he was at a 
 loss to defray the cost of transporting them. Youth and 
 ambition often meet wdth kindly consideration, as the 
 young man found on this occasion. The captain of the 
 boat, to whom he explained his dilemma, gave him clear- 
 ance for his tools, and instructed the boat's steward to 
 supply him with the necessary provisions for his journey 
 to Helena, free of all charge. Young Bielenberg then 
 loaded his belongings on a mule wagon, at the side of 
 w'hich he walked to his destination, arriving on the first 
 of July. At Helena he learned of a business in his line 
 which was to he bought from Henry Edgar, the first 
 discoverer of Alder Gulch, the richest gulch in IMontana. 
 The butcher’s establishment w'as in Blackfoot, Montana, 
 and to that place Nicholas Bielenberg went to buy out 
 the Edgar meat business, his two brothers agreeing to 
 “stake” him. Here he engaged in the butchering busi- 
 ness until 1870, when he removed to Helena, and was 
 there identified with the same line of trade until 1872, 
 when he located at Deer Lodge. 
 
 About this time iMr. Bielenberg became connected 
 with the line of business that started him on the road 
 to the great success that he has achieved, the stock busi- 
 ness. Here he engaged in stock-raising, and in buying 
 cattle for the Chicago market, which was reached by 
 driving the stock through to Chej^enne, Wyoming, and 
 there shipping by rail to Chicago. For several years he- 
 carried on an important business in this connection. In 
 1877 he established a meat business in Butte, which be- 
 came one of the leading industries of its kind in the 
 northwest. A modern cold storage plant was erected, 
 and a large wholesale trade was thus supplied. The 
 growth of the business was substantial, and eventually 
 assumed such proportions that it was deemed advisable 
 to incorporate it, which was done, the name given to it 
 
 being the Butte Butchering Company, which concern has 
 since directed the enterprise. 
 
 About 1884 Mr. Bielenberg became associated with his 
 half-brother, Conrad Kohrs, in an extensive cattle busi- 
 ness Shortly afterward he carried on the same line of 
 business as an individual, but later became interested 
 with Joseph Tooniey, and they developed, in this line, 
 an enterprise of immense proportions for that time! 
 They handled more than one hundred and thirty thou- 
 sand head of sheep in one year, and their flocks were to 
 be found in various parts of Montana, while they also 
 transacted a large business in buying and shipping sheep 
 and cattle from the northwest, their operations extend- 
 ing from Washington to North Dakota, and contributed 
 largely to the development of the live-stock industry in 
 this section of the country. 
 
 We quote from an appreciative article previously pub- 
 lished: “It can be safely said that Mr. Bielenberg and 
 
 his associates were the fathers of the sheep industry in 
 northern Montana, and their operations were the first of 
 any importance in the state. Mr. Bielenberg was the 
 first shipper to discover the value of screenings in the 
 feeding of sheep in transit, and his discovery has grown 
 to be a valuable industry in the handling of mutton for 
 the eastern markets.” 
 
 For more than forty years Mr. Bielenberg has been 
 identified with the stock-raising industry of Montana, 
 and probably no other man in the state has given greater 
 impetus to an industry that has brought equal renown 
 and distinction to the Treasure state. His interests are 
 varied and extensive, including valuable mining, real 
 estate and industrial holdings. His investments have 
 been made with discrimination, showing marked busi- 
 ness capacity and foresight. Interested in any movement 
 of benefit to the community, and always on the side of 
 progress and advancement, there is no better example of 
 the type of men, who have not only lived to see IMon- 
 tana take her place among the great western states, but 
 have largely contributed to the transformation. 
 
 Mr. Bielenberg from the time of casting his first vote 
 up to 1912 was one of the staunch supporters of the Re- 
 publican party, taking a prominent part in its councils, 
 and was one of its advisers in his section of the state. 
 In 1892 he was a delegate to the national convention at 
 IMinneapolis, and many times served in similar capacities 
 in state and county conventions. In 1912 he joined the 
 Progressive movement, and at once took a prominent 
 place among the organizers of that party in Alontana. 
 The principles of the Progressive party were only those 
 with which he had been in sympathy for a long time. 
 His influence has been strong in this movement toward 
 cleaner politics in state and nation. Mr. Bielenberg pre- 
 sided at the mass convention meeting held in Helena 
 J'uly 29, 1912, for all people of the different counties of 
 Montana whose third party sentiments were strong and 
 clearly defined. He was a delegate to the National Pro- 
 gressive Convention at Chicago in August, 1912, that 
 nominated Theodore Roosevelt for president. 
 
 Mr. Bielenberg has been a resident of Deer Lodge for 
 over forty j^ears, completing his beautiful modern home 
 in this city in 1910. It was here that he married, on the 
 14th of March, 1872, Miss Annie Bogk, a native of Osh- 
 kosh, Wisconsin, and a daughter of Augustav and 
 IMargaret Bogk, natives of Germany, who came from 
 Wisconsin to the Deer Lodge Valley in the early days, 
 and passed the remainder of their lives in this section. 
 Mr. and IMrs. Bielenberg have been the parents of five 
 children. The eldest. Alma Margaret, born July 15, 
 1874. is now Mrs. W. I. Higgins, of Deer Lodge. How- 
 ard Zenor, born on the 26th of November, 1876, married 
 Annie Winkelman, engaged in the garage business in 
 Deer Lodge, and they have one son, John Howard. 
 Augusta Kohrs, who was born on the i6th of December, 
 1880, died on January 4, 1901. Anne Marie, who was 
 born on April 16, 1883, attended the Deer Lodge schools 
 and schools in the east for two years, and now resides 
 
962 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 with her parents. Claude Nicholas, whose birth took 
 place on the 26th of October, 1888, is engaged in the 
 ranching and stock-raising business. He was married 
 on September 5, 1912, to Ethel Catherine Marcum. 
 
 -Mr. Bielenberg is one of the extensive owners of high 
 class ranch property in the Deer Lodge Valley. He is 
 liresident of the Deer Lodge Water Company, and was 
 one of the builders of the magnificent hotel property in 
 Deer Lodge, a structure that would do credit to a city 
 many times the size of Deer Lodge. Among his other 
 executive offices he is president of the Butte Butchering 
 Company, vice-president of the Tuolme Mining Com- 
 pany, and is a director in the Pilot-Butte Mining Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Mr. Bielenberg has been a successful man, not only as 
 regards the accumulation of property, but as a citizen of 
 high character and a business man of strict integrity 
 and fairness. He enjoys the comforts and pleasures of 
 life, has reared an excellent family in keeping with a 
 high social standing, and has contributed liberally to all 
 worthy projects, whether of a charitable, civic or reli- 
 gious character. 
 
 Fraternally he belongs to the Masonic order, affiliating 
 with the Helena Commandery, No. 2, Knights Templar, 
 and Algeria Temple, Mystic Shrine, at Helena. He is 
 also a member of the Elks. 
 
 His acquaintance includes many of the prominent men 
 of the state, not only of today but for the past twenty- 
 five years. Few men in this section of Montana are bet- 
 ter known than "Nick” Bielenberg, as he is called, not 
 from any lack of respect but from a most friendly and 
 jovial disposition, and the faculty of making and re- 
 taining friends. 
 
 Akmistead Hughes Mitchell. In a new land’s evo- 
 lution from primitive wildness to orderly civilization, 
 every class of pioneers leaves more aggressive claim to 
 the appreciation of posterity than does the pioneer phy- 
 sician. His work, no less strenuous, no less perilovis 
 than that of others, is done with least of the egotistic 
 spirit and with less purposely permanent appeal. Scores 
 of physician-heroes die on our frontiers without de- 
 served recognition for their impartially altruistic la- 
 bors. Alontana, being desirous of paying tribute to the 
 greatest of hers, honors such names as those of Doc- 
 tors Leavitt, Click, Steele, Maupin, Brooke, Yeager, 
 Father Ravailli and that dominant personality of rare 
 
 ability Dr. Armistead LIughes Alitchell. A leader 
 
 in public deliberations and a strong and definite in- 
 fluence in the industrial development of the state, Dr. 
 Mitchell leaves a life-record of such interest as to re- 
 quire in this review such detailed mention as the 
 conditions of the present publication permit. 
 
 The gallantry of temperament which, when united to 
 depth of character, produces the finest type of valor 
 was Dr. Mitchell’s inheritance. His maternal grand- 
 father, Major John Hughes, had enlisted — with the 
 permission of his mother, Ann Neville Hughes — when 
 lie was but sixteen years of age as a patriot in the Con- 
 tinental army and had thus as a mere youth won his 
 spurs in the Revolutionary war. Both Major Hughes 
 and his wife, Ann Alerri weather, were natives of Vir- 
 ginia and represented the Old Dominion families of 
 Tarleton, Neville and LIughes of colonial and military 
 note. Virginians also were the doctor’s paternal grand- 
 parents, Captain Robert Mitchell and Ann Seldon Arm- 
 istead. Their son, William Daunton Mitchell, as a 
 young man came from Virginia to Kentucky, where he 
 married Lucy LIughes, daughter of the above-mentioned 
 Major John and Ann (Alerriweather) Hughes. In the 
 Bluegrass state William Mitchell and his wife, Lucy 
 Hughes Mitchell, became widely known in Jefferson and 
 Oldham counties, having a large plantation in the former 
 region. William D. Mitchell was counted one of the 
 most learned men in Kentucky, being prominent first as 
 a county clerk in Oldham county and later as a jurist 
 
 of distinction in Louisville, Oldham county. It was 
 there that on October 31, 1831, his son Armistead 
 Hughes Mitchell, was born. 
 
 After having spent the years devoted to his primary 
 education m La Grange, Oldham county Kentucky, then 
 the parental home, Armistead Hughes Mitchell was 
 sent to the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, 
 for Ins college preparatory course. In his junior year, 
 the youth s audacious spirit led him to leave school quite 
 unceremoniously and to join a regiment on the way to 
 participate in the Mexican war. He was permitted only 
 a few months of this exciting experience, for his father 
 ordered his return as soon as possible after hearing of 
 the boys adventure. As William Daunton Mitchell was 
 then living in Louisville, Kentucky, he arranged for 
 his son’s entering upon medical studies at Jefferson 
 college in that city. Having completed the work of the 
 courses there, he went subsequently to the University 
 of New York, from the medical department of which 
 he was graduated in 1852. 
 
 1 hus equipped, the young physician returned west, 
 no less keenly interested in the adventurous phases of ex- 
 istence than when a boy. His abilities and interests 
 were so aboundingly vigorous that his career refused 
 to be confined by the limits of his profession. When 
 Dr. Mitchell left New York, he went first to visit his 
 father, who was then conducting a sugar plantation 
 on the Brazos river, thirty-five miles from Galveston, 
 Texas. He then lingered for a year in Mexico, a lo- 
 cality that had not lost its charm for him. His real 
 destination, however, was California, for this was the 
 period of the gold mining excitement in that state. In 
 the autumn of 1853 the young doctor-adventurer ar- 
 rived in San Francisco, where he not only engaged in 
 practice as a physician, but entered upon an active specu- 
 lating career, with mining interests in various parts of 
 the state. Ranching also interested him to such an ex- 
 tent that he became joint owner with Jasper Harold 
 of a large ranch on which were herded large numbers 
 of cattle for selling throughout the mining districts. 
 Nor were the foregoing activities the sum of this re- 
 markable young man’s operations. The political move- 
 ments of the times held great attraction for him. He 
 was therefore promptly recognized as an available and 
 desirable candidate for important public office, being 
 made in 1857 a member of the state legislature from 
 California. Two years later he was reelected as the 
 joint representative from Tulare and Fresno counties. 
 
 The climax of excitement over gold mining in British 
 Columbia led Dr. Mitchell to dispose of his cattle-ranch 
 interests and to investigate conditions on the Fraser 
 river. Not finding the situation sufficiently promising, 
 he returned tentatively to California, soon afterward 
 locating at Aurora, Nevada. Here he continued his 
 medical practice and again became interested in mining 
 speculations. He was so fortunate as to be one of 
 the original discoverers of the rich Esmerelda mine, 
 which was the basis of his mining operations until 1863, 
 at which time he had become the possessor of a goodly 
 fortune. To Austin, Nevada, and then to Idaho city, 
 Idaho, he next went for a short time, in neither place 
 being satisfied with the prospects he found. After 
 looking over possibilities in Oregon, he passed to the 
 Kootenia district in, British Columbia. As a thriving 
 mining camp existed there at that time. Dr. Mitchell ob- 
 tained a claim on the creek near Galbraith’s ferry, sev- 
 eral miles north of what is now Bonner’s ferry. . As 
 the placers here were prodigiously rich. Dr. Mitchell’s 
 claim in three months yielded him some $20,000 of gold 
 dust. Lie returned to San Francisco to spend the winter, 
 and in May of 1865 he resumed mining activities. On 
 one of his prospecting trips he learned from a Jesuit 
 priest and some accompanying Indians of reported rich 
 placers in the Blackfoot country. He went with them 
 across the mountains to McClellan’s Gulch, in Deer 
 Lodge county, reaching that place in September of 1865. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 963 
 
 He continued at that time to Helena, where he was 
 professionally engaged for a year, at the end of which 
 time he definitely located in the town of Blackfoot, 
 Montana. 
 
 It was not possible for Dr. Mitchell to be long in any 
 place of residence without being the object of political 
 honors and responsibilities. In 1868 his services were 
 required on the Territorial council, as councilman for 
 the districts composed of Deer Lodge and Missoula 
 counties. He was elected on the Democratic ticket and 
 successive reelection followed in the years 1869, ’70, ’71, 
 ’ 7 -^, '75.. ' 77 ; ’78. '80, ’8i, '82 and ’83. He was presi- 
 dent of the Council in 1871, ’75 a.nd ’77. 
 
 In 1869 President Grant appointed Dr. Mitchell to 
 construct the original building of the Territorial peni- 
 tentiary at Deer Lodge, to which place he removed 
 in the same year, having charge of the work until_ it 
 was concluded in 1871. He was then appointed physician 
 and surgeon for the same institution and in connec- 
 tion with that practice he continued his private activi- 
 ties as a general medical practitioner. In 1882 _Dr. 
 Mitchell resigned the prison appointment, but remained 
 a resident of Deer Lodge until near the close of his 
 life. 
 
 While Dr. Mitchell's organizing ability was very 
 clearly and emphatically demonstrated in his private 
 operations and in his construction of the prison, the 
 great monument to his executive power is seen in his 
 evolution of the sanitarium at Deer Lodge. This 
 achievement had its inception in his being awarded by 
 Governor B. F. Potts, in 1875, the official position whose 
 duties were the care of the insane of Montana territory. 
 At first there were seven men patients, that number 
 continuing for two years. In 1877 Dr. Mitchell pur- 
 chased the Warmsprings property and Dr. Charles F. 
 Mussigbrod became his partner in the work and respon- 
 sibilities of the institution, which at that time had but 
 thirteen patients. From that nucleus has been developed 
 the present institution. The keen perception of Dr. 
 IMitchell in recognizittg the great value of the thermal 
 and curative properties of the waters of Warmsprings 
 w'as only one evidence of his far-sightedness. He and 
 Dr. Alussigbrod proceeded to have constructed a group 
 of small buildings suitable for the comfort and best 
 care of the thirteen patients then in charge. They also 
 built a small hotel and appurtenances suitable for the 
 resort which the springs and other natural attractions 
 of the place were making it. A farm and garden were 
 next planned and from this beginning a magnificient 
 agricultural establishment gradually grew. The ranch, 
 garden and stock farm at first provided for both the 
 sanitarium and the resort and, being later absorbed by 
 the needs of the asylum, have gone far tow'ard making 
 this one of the model institutions of its kind in the 
 world. It was in 1890 that the management of the 
 plant decided that the greatly increased number of in- 
 mates in the State Asylum for the Insane made it ad- 
 visable to discontinue the hotel and public resort. Since 
 that time the owners have devoted their entire time 
 and attention to the needs of the patients and the full 
 resources of the property to their requirements. The 
 original group of log and stone buildings first con- 
 structed for the use of the thirteen original inmates 
 have been replaced by splendidh^ planned buildings of 
 the most modern and highly perfected type. The cost 
 of the newly constructed group was nearly a half mil- 
 lion dollars and all are under the most efficient care. 
 The vast surrounding property is fenced, properly wa- 
 tered and brought to a high degree of profitable culti- 
 vation. Not only the inexhaustible flow of the thermal 
 W'aters, but the carefullj' supervised meat, garden and 
 dairy products, assured by the sufficient appropriated 
 water rights, make the place one most to be desired 
 for the class of patients whose disorders require the 
 most nearly perfect conditions as well as the wdsest and 
 most delicate handling. It is capable of accomodating 
 
 Vol. II— 8 
 
 more than a thousand patients and its methods are 
 the most hygienic, as well as the most humane and 
 scientific, that could be wished. In all this develop- 
 ment of thirty-five years’ time. Dr. Mitchell was the 
 leading, moving spirit in building up the institution and 
 shaping its destinies. Even such improvements as have 
 been instituted since his demise have been made possible 
 through his early efforts and his remarkable foresight. 
 
 While the supervision of the great work described 
 above was Dr. Mitchell’s chief concern from its begin- 
 ning, so large was the man in mind and energies that 
 from time to time other important duties called him. 
 One of these was his acceptance of Governor Potts’ 
 appointment to the post of surgeon general during the 
 Nez Perces war; and another was his service as sur- 
 geon in charge, under General Gibbon’s appointment, 
 after the detachment of the regimental surgeon from 
 the command, following the battle of Big Hole. Nor 
 were his political preferments in the later epoch of his 
 life wholly of a professional nature; for then, as in 
 his earlier years, he was able to officiate ably in va- 
 rious contemporary affairs. His interest in legislative 
 and executive politics never abated and he was fre- 
 quently made chairman in the committees and conven- 
 tions in which he participated. In 1885 he was the 
 chairman of the Democratic territorial central com- 
 mittee ; in 1888 he was elected by the convention as a 
 member of the national committee of the same party ; 
 and while serving in that capacity he was appointed a 
 member of the committee whose duty it was to formally 
 notify Mr. Cleveland of his nomination. In 1892 Mr. 
 Mitchell endorsed the theories and purposes of the 
 People’s party. That political organization made him 
 its nominee in Deer Lodge county for state senator ; 
 honored him with the county chairmanship in 1894-6; 
 sent him as its delegate to the state conventions in 1894, 
 ’96 and ’98; and elected him alternate to the National 
 convention at St. Louis in 1896. 
 
 Coincident with the numerous interests above noted. 
 Dr. Mitchell’s participation in mining enterprises con- 
 tinued. It is said that no other man in IMontana has 
 put more money into the legitimate mining operations 
 in the state than did he. In many cases, of course, his 
 investments failed to return profits to him ; but others 
 are now finding them advantageous and it cannot be 
 said that his efforts were wasted, for they contributed 
 materially to the development of Montana. 
 
 The formal affiliations of Dr. Alitchell in a social way 
 were with the iMasonic order. On October 3, 1882, in 
 presence of the Grand Lodge of Montana, then in ses- 
 sion at Deer Lodge, Dr. iMitchell was honored by Deer 
 Lodge Number 14, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, 
 with the degrees of E. A., F. C. and M. M., under a 
 special dispensation of the Grand Lodge. Throughout 
 the remainder of his life he continued a member of the 
 organization and its honors have followed him on his 
 last journey. 
 
 All of Dr. jMitchell’s domestic life was lived at 
 Deer Lodge. His marriage occurred here on November 
 23, 1871, Mrs. Mitchell having been before her mar- 
 riage Miss Mollie E. Irvine — a daughter of Thomas 
 E. Irvine, of Richmond, Kentucky. Dr. and Mrs. 
 Mitchell became the parents of five children, of whom 
 two now survive : Mary Adele, now Mrs. J. M. Scand- 
 land, mentioned in the biography of her husband else- 
 where in this work; and Harold Governeur, the young- 
 est member of the family. 
 
 Dr. Mitchell’s final illness began in the summer of 
 1896 and was of that nature which, affecting the eyes 
 and head, is called mastoiditis. In his efforts at over- 
 coming it, he consulted the most eminent specialists, 
 including Dr. Bosworth and Professors Starr and Gray 
 of New York. In 1897 he made a summer trip to 
 Alaska and in the autumn of 1898 went to California, 
 but in neither case did he find relief. His endeavors 
 to withstand the ravages of his malady were of the 
 
964 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 most courageous kind, but in October of the last- 
 named year he succumbed to the resultant weakness 
 and the end came December 20th, at his home in 
 Warmsprings. The last reverent services were said 
 over his body at the Episcopal church of Deer Lodge, 
 by the Reverend E. G. Prout, and were accompanied 
 by full Masonic rites. The presence of numerous emi- 
 nent citizens from distant localities, added to that of 
 his many friends, acquaintances and warm admirers 
 throughout Deer Lodge count}', made that memorial 
 gathering the largest of its kind ever known in Deer 
 Lodge. 
 
 Dr. Armistead LIughes klitchell is remembered for 
 those achievements the recountal of which is given in 
 foregoing paragraphs of this article ; but even more 
 for the qualities which no pen can make vivid — the in- 
 describable elements of personality which make a friend 
 or comrade so ineffably precious, even in memory. His 
 high sense of honor, personal and professional, his im- 
 partiality and loyalty in friendship ; his exquisite sym- 
 pathy, underlying the dominent force of his nature and 
 revealing itself so wonderfully at a patient’s need ; his 
 ideal relations to the members of his family — these char- 
 acteristics one may name as definitely his. Just what 
 they meant, in their blended entity, to the world in 
 which he moved is now expressible only in the multi- 
 fold heart-image shared by those who best knew Dr. 
 Mitchell. 
 
 SoPHRONius Marchesseau is, as his name indicates, 
 of French descent, though both his father and his mother 
 were born m Canada. The father, Francis Marchesseau, 
 was a tiller of the soil, but the love of romantism and 
 adventure so strong' in the French Canadian, was his 
 most dominant quality. He died in his fifty-sixth year, 
 leaving a widow, Sophia Richards Adarchesseau, who 
 mourned him until her own death, almost a quarter of 
 a century later. They were the parents of ten children, 
 of whom but two, Sophronius Alarchesseau and his 
 sister_ Henrietta, were granted length of life. The sister, 
 Henrietta Marchesseau, became the wife of the late Mr, 
 Trahan, of Central Falls, Rhode Island, and her death 
 occurred September 29, 1912, at the age of ninety years, 
 one month and eleven days. 
 
 The life of the remaining son, the fourth born in the 
 family of ten children, would have been a delight to 
 Hamlin Garland or Oweii Wister. Bret Harte could 
 have painted it in its true colors and done it justice. 
 That life covers almost a century in time, the great 
 century of development in the northwest. His feet 
 traversed almost every state in the Union from east 
 to west and from west to east and back again, and 
 this in a time when to the average civilization western 
 travel wa^ one of the impossibilities. It is difficult to 
 compress a life so filled with action, so far reaching in 
 its influence, so epoch making in its results, into a 
 few pages of a Alontana edition. It was voices like 
 unto his, crying in the wilderness, that made way for a 
 new civilization in a country that is only now beginning 
 to be known. 
 
 Sophronius Alarchesseau was born in L’Acadie, St. 
 Johns county, in the province of Quebec, Canada, on 
 the twenty-fourth day of December, 1828. Education 
 was a commodity difficult to obtain in those parts and 
 times, nor did the young men feel greatly the lack 
 thereof with half a continent lying unexplored before 
 them. The book learning that lay in his path, however, 
 the subject of this sketch received. He attended, of 
 course, for some little time the schools of his native 
 village, but early became a clerk in a store of general 
 merchandise. About the time he reached his majority 
 he went to Burlington, Vermont, where he accepted a 
 similar position. Hardly was he established in his new 
 work when glad tidings spread like wild fire over the 
 country, tidings of gold in California. From every 
 country side parties of young men set out for the land 
 
 of the setting sun. Some traveled around the Horn, 
 others by way of the Isthmus but Sophronius Alarches- 
 seau and two of his brothers, with the blood of the 
 Canadian trapper red in their veins, joined a company 
 of eight young men and started on the tedious over- 
 land journey from Vermont to California. Their real 
 starting point, however, was St. Johns, the home of the 
 Alarchesseaus. Leaving there on April eleventh, 1850, 
 they traveled by rail and boat through the great lakes 
 and down the Alississippi to St. Louis. Here they were 
 delayed for some time in procuring their outfits and 
 making arrangements for the really serious portion of 
 the great undertaking. At Independence, Alissouri, 
 each man purchased a mule, a flint lock musket and 
 what other necessities he was able to carry in his knap- 
 sack. At Westport they joined a party of Sante Fe 
 merchants and on the first of June they set out all 
 together across the dusty plains. They met, of course, 
 many Indians, some tribes considered hostile to the 
 white pioneers, but the young Canadians knew well 
 these Indian tribes, most of whom belonged to the 
 Sioux nation and were pleased to hear again the French 
 Canadian tongue. The hardships of the journey lay in 
 the long months of continuous travel, the thirst and 
 the famine with which they had, at times, to battle and 
 the dropping by the wayside of beast and man. At 
 Salt Lake City, the little band rested for three weeks, 
 and they received at the hands of the Mormon settlers 
 the most courteous treatment and the most urgent invi- 
 tation to join their own colony already established. 
 Some were tempted, but the majority of the party were 
 strong willed men for whom California was the only 
 goal. 
 
 In the early autumn they arrived at Logtown, Eldo- 
 rado county, near Mud Springs, and started at once to 
 work. Their only knowledge of placer mining was 
 what they had gleaned from hearsay. They had brought 
 \vith them their rockers and, what was more to them, 
 each man had an inexhaustible supply of energy and en- 
 thusiasm. The first day’s work netted twenty-five dol- 
 lars apiece. All winter these eleven men labored side 
 by side, earning on an average of one hundred dollars 
 a day. In the spring they moved on to the Yuba river 
 diggings, where they were again successful. In 1858 
 came the great Frazer river gold excitement. Eighteen 
 thousand men left California for Alaska, and among 
 the number was Sophronius Marchesseau. He went 
 from San Francisco to Victoria by boat, thence across 
 the gulf of Georgia to the Frazer river. The report 
 of tile gold findings had not been exaggerated, but 
 the hardships of the plains were as nothing to the cold 
 and the famine of this barren land. Many a man was 
 known to exchange his largest nugget for a crust of 
 bread. It seemed impossible to supply the multitudes 
 with food, and so high were the prices that only the 
 wealthy could buy. Many who preferred a competence 
 and comfort to gold and starvation retraced their 
 weary steps to Frisco. 
 
 Air. Marchesseau, to whom the excitement had ap- 
 pealed even more strongly than had the gold, returned 
 to California and his mines, richer by only the experi- 
 ence. He continued to work his properties until 1863, 
 when he returned to his old home for a visit, the trip 
 being made by way of the Nicaragua route. It was 
 with sadness that he noted the many changes that four- 
 teen years had wrought in St. Johns. Of his own fam- 
 ily there remained to him only his mother, one brother 
 and a sister, the latter having recently died September 
 29, 1912, aged ninety years. The country appealed to 
 him even less than before, and after -a brief visit he set 
 his face again westward. 
 
 This time he chose to end his journey in Montana, a 
 country that had interested him in his earlier travels. 
 In the spring of 1865 he came up the river to Fort 
 Denton and overland by wagon to Helena. At the 
 mouth of the Marias there was great excitement over 
 

 N HIS 85th YEAR 
 

 
HISTORY OF AIONTANA 
 
 965 
 
 a prospective Indian uprising, as a camp of foresters 
 had been recently murdered, but the difficulty proved 
 to be entirely local and our subject reached Helena on 
 the fifth of July. Here he became interested in some 
 valuable mining property which he still owns. He be- 
 gan operations in Dry Gulch on Indian Creek but was 
 soon engaged by the New York Mining and Exploring 
 Company at ten dollars a day. Professor Hodges was 
 superintendent of the “White Latch Union” and Mr. 
 Marchesseau became his overseer. In 1886 he pur- 
 chased a stock of goods in Helena and came to Butte, 
 where he started a trading post. Butte at that time 
 was merely a mining camp where the miners were work- 
 ing with rockers and sluices. For two years he con- 
 tinued in business here, when the water became so 
 scarce that the miners were many of them obliged to 
 discontinue their operations. He then moved his stock 
 to French Gulch and later to Bitter Root, Missoula 
 county. When the quartz mines were opened at Butte 
 business began to prosper once more and Mr. Marches- 
 seau reopened his general store. This was in 1875 but 
 even then all goods had to be hauled by wagon and 
 the price of freight was from twelve and a half to 
 fifteen cents per pound. His store was located on Main 
 street on the present site of his brick block, which was 
 erected in 1890. This block is one of the best business 
 structures of Butte, being seventy-four by eighty-one 
 feet and three stories in height. In 1883 our pioneer 
 merchant disposed of his business to L. W. Foster and 
 L. R. Mallet that he might have more freedom to de- 
 vote to his other growing interests. 
 
 Mr. Marchesseau has never found time in his active 
 life to search for his “Golden Girl” and assume family 
 cares. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church 
 but neither a lodge member nor a politician. He makes 
 his home in his own beautiful building, the upper stories 
 of which he has finished and equipped as a modern 
 hotel. Although a man who has never taken a part in 
 the public life of his city or state, he is known through- 
 out Montana as one of the old timers who has made 
 the new regime possible. 
 
 Rev. Walter M. Jordan, a prominent and highly 
 esteemed member of the Christian church, is a worthy 
 son of the Montana pioneer whose life is recorded in 
 other pages. When Harrison Jordan and Catherine 
 Tuttle, his wife, were residents of Alder Gulch, in this 
 state, their eldest son was born on July 22, 1865. This 
 son, named Walter Marion, received his elementary 
 education in the district schools, from which he passed 
 to the Butte high school for more advanced study. He 
 subsequently entered that well-known institution of 
 higher learning which is known as Drake University and 
 which is located at Des Moines, Iowa. From the col- 
 legiate courses there he was graduated in 1888 with the 
 degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. 
 
 The independent activities of Walter M. Jordan began 
 with a period of pedagogical activity — that profession, 
 which, when conscientiously conducted, is fraught with 
 the same altruistic spirit which pervades the Christian 
 ministry. In the winter of 1889-90 he engaged in teach- 
 ing at Silver Star, Montana, and the following August 
 entered the ministry of the Christian church, but was 
 not officially ordained until June, 1892, at Cotner Uni- 
 versity, Lincoln, Nebraska. 
 
 Rev. Jordan’s first charge was at Cascade, Montana, 
 with which he combined his pastorate at Hogan, i\Ion- 
 tana. His recognition of the greatness of his calling 
 led him to desire the fullest possible intellectual 
 advancement, a direct result of which was his pursuing 
 of a post-graduate course at Cotner University, from 
 which in 1892 he received the degree of Master of Arts. 
 
 In August, 1893, Rev. Jordan responded to a call 
 from the church of his denomination at Deer Lodge, 
 Montana, and his ministry there was followed by simi- 
 lar pastoral services at Helena, where he accepted the 
 
 Christian pastorate. On January i, 1899, he began his 
 work at the latter city, where he remained for five 
 years. During his pastorate there his consecrated and 
 earnest leadership resulted in the clearance of a large 
 church debt and in a doubling of the membership of the 
 Helena Christian church. 
 
 The next pastorate of Rev. Jordan was at Quincy, 
 Illinois, the early home of his father. In 1908 he passed 
 from there to another charge in his native state of Mon- 
 tana, becoming pastor for one year of the Christian 
 church in Billings, when he accepted a call to become 
 the pastor of the Shortridge iMemorial church at Butte, 
 where he has since been located. In that church he still 
 continues his ministry, leading his people to a clearer 
 comprehension of the spiritual vision and of its appli- 
 cation to the mundane life. Single-minded in his ideals 
 and standards, he is broad in his interests, which touch 
 every phase of the life of Butte and of an even wider 
 field. 
 
 Organizations of high moral purpose, whether 
 avowedly religious or nominally secular, have sought 
 both his membership and his official service. From i8go 
 until he removed to Quincy, Illinois, he was a member 
 of the .State Board of the iMontana Christian Associa- 
 tion ; when he became a resident of the state once 
 more he became a member of the organization, of 
 which he was made president of the executive com- 
 mittee in 1912. The Montana Christian Endeavor Union 
 made him its secretary in 1895 and its president in 1896. 
 On the State Board of Charities and Reform his serv- 
 ices were called into requisition by Gov. R. B. Smith, 
 and he was reappointed by Gov. Joseph K. Toole ; 
 as the board’s secretary, Rev. Jordan served until his 
 resignation on removing from the state. He served 
 as chaplain of the state senate the first time that body 
 met in the new capitol, and offered the first invoca- 
 tion uttered within that structure of civic deliberations. 
 
 Of secular organizations, the order of Ancient Free 
 and Accepted Masons claims the membership of Rev. 
 Jordan, who in 1890 — at the time when his father was 
 worshipful master of that lodge — attained the degree of 
 Master Mason. Rev. Jordan is now affiliated with 
 Butte Lodge, No. 22. 
 
 The domestic life of Rev. Jordan began in 1892 ; on 
 June 30th of that year, he was united in marriage 
 with iMiss Ella Dungan of Des Moines, Iowa. She 
 was a daughter of Prof. David R. Dungan of Drake 
 University. The children who were born to Walter M. 
 and Ella Jordan were three, who were named respec- 
 tively, Merle Kinnis, Marion Jean and Derryl Dee. 
 Ella Dungan Jordan died in 1906, in Quincj^ Illinois. 
 The present Mrs. Jordan (nee Jeannie Coe) is a daugh- 
 ter of Josiah Coe, of Woodbine, Iowa. His second mar- 
 riage took place at Billings, Montana, on June 30, 1008. 
 
 Thomas Howard Irvine. Although more than 
 thirty years have elapsed since Thomas Howard Irvine 
 passed away, he is yet remembered by the pioneers of 
 Deer Lodge valley, where he was an early settler and 
 where he occupied a position of respect and esteem, 
 as befitting a man of the high character and personal 
 worth which were his. Mr. Irvine came from a fine 
 old Kentucky family, whose members were prominent 
 in the early history of the state. The name of his 
 grandfather, Capt. Christopher Irvine, occupies a 
 prominent place, together with those of Boone, Har- 
 rod, Shelby and other men of equal prominence, on the 
 magnificent shaft that stands in the cemeterj- at Frank- 
 fort erected to the memory of Kentucky's honored 
 dead. 
 
 The Irvine family is of Scotch-Irish extraction, its 
 members being early settlers in Virginia, whence they 
 emigrated to Kentuckr^, then a frontier section. 
 Thomas H. Irvine was born in Richmond. IMadison 
 county, Kentucky, on February 16, 1811, a son of David 
 C. and Nancy (Howard) Irvine. His father was born 
 
966 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 November i8, 1785, in Richmond, Kentuck}% and mar- 
 ried Nancy Howard of Bourbon county. He died 
 August 14, 1820, at Richmond, Kentucky, when he was 
 but thirty-five years of age. 
 
 David C. Irvine was a son of Captain Christopher 
 Irvine, mentioned above, who settled at Richmond, 
 Kentucky, in 1799. Captain Irvine married Lydia 
 Calaway of Madison county, Kentucky, a daughter of 
 Col. Richard Calaway. Captain Irvine served in 
 the war of 1812, and was killed in battle, near Fort 
 Meigs, Ohio, May 5, 1813, his body being interred 
 upon the field of battle. 
 
 Thomas Howard Irvine grew to manhood in his na- 
 tive Kentucky county and there he married his first 
 wife. Alary Ann Williams, who bore him four children, 
 of whom but one is now living, — William C., retired, 
 and living in Butte, Alontana. For his second wife 
 Mr. Irvine married Sally Bryan, of Fayette county, 
 Kentucky, a daughter of one of the old and prominent 
 families of the state, Bryan Springs, near Lexington, 
 was named for them. The children born of this sec- 
 ond union were as follows : Isabelle who died in in- 
 fancy ; Nannie H., now the widow of Richard Jones, 
 who makes her home in Seattle, Washington; Thomas 
 H.. of this review, a rancher at Perma, Montana; 
 Bryan, one of the best known mining men in Butte, 
 where he located many of the richest mines in the city, 
 and where he finally died ; Bettie Hart, the widow of 
 George W. Irvin, one of the prominent men of Butte 
 during his lifetime, in which city she now lives; Mary 
 E., the widow of Dr, A. H. Mitchell, who is men- 
 tioned in greater detail elsewhere in this work; Mar- 
 garet Bryan, who married William Shanly of Deer 
 Lodge, Montana, where she died ; Eliza, who married 
 William Cassidy, of Anaconda, Montana ; Sally B., 
 who married Ilarry Mills and died in Deer Lodge; 
 Alice, who died at Soda Springs, Idaho, while the 
 family were en route to Idaho. 
 
 About 1848 Thomas Howard Irvine left Kentucky 
 with his family and emigrated to Missouri, settling 
 in Buchanan county some fifteen miles south of St. 
 Joe, where a brother, William L., had located a short 
 time previously. In 1865 he came to Montana (where 
 his two sons were then living) and located on a tract 
 of land along Race Track Creek, in what is now known 
 as Powell countv, and there he took up farming and 
 stock-raising. Flere he continued to live for a few 
 years and about 1870 moved to within a short distance 
 of Deer Lodge, where he passed the remainder of his 
 life. His death occurred on July 14, 1881, in Butte, 
 Montana, while there on a visit to his daughter. He 
 is buried at Deer Lodge. His wife died January 24, 
 1871. at Deer Lodge. 
 
 Thomas H. Irvine was one of the old-school Dem- 
 ocrats, whose faith in his party was firm and stanch. 
 But he was never an office seeker, although a regular 
 voter. He was a member of the Christian church. 
 His home was ever noted for the genuine old southern 
 hospitality peculiar to those of his section of the coun- 
 try, and his excellent family were well reared. He was 
 a highly respected and esteemed citizen, who bore an 
 enviable standing in his community, and he is still 
 remembered by many who were privileged to know 
 him in the years gone by. 
 
 John A. Stenckr, dealer in implements of all kinds 
 in Philipsburg, Montana, is a representative business 
 man of this city. His identification with the life aiy^ 
 growth of the state began as long ago as in i86s^afld 
 since that time he has been variously occupied in^ari- 
 ous parts of the state. ' In 1892 he settled in Philips- 
 burg, and since that year has been engaged in the im- 
 plement business. 
 
 Air. Spencer is a native of Indiana, born in Boone 
 county, that state, on April 9, 1844. When he was 
 seven years of age his parents moved to St. Paul, 
 
 Alinnesota, where they remained until the later years 
 of their life. He is the son of John B. and Nancy 
 (Johnson) Spencer. The father was born in Kentucky 
 and after his removal to Minnesota remained there 
 until late years, when he made his home in California. 
 He was a contractor and builder of some importance 
 and was a successful man. He died at the age of 
 eighty-five years. His wife, whom he married in In- 
 diana. also died in California, and is there buried by 
 her husband’s side. She lived to the age of eighty 
 years and was the mother of six children, of which 
 number John A. of this review was the first born. 
 
 As a boy in St. Paul, John A. Spencer attended 
 the public schools of that city, and he remained there 
 until he was about twenty-one years of age, first visit- 
 ing Alontana in 1865. lie located in Virginia City at 
 first, and he remained there for a period of twenty- 
 seven years, engaged in the merchandise business. 
 After that long period of business experience in Vir- 
 ginia City he sold out and went to Butte, where he 
 again engaged in mercantile lines, and continued in 
 business there for three years. Fie once more closed 
 out his business and went back to the old home in St. 
 Paul, where he remained for two years, becoming estab- 
 lished in business there, but the call of the west drew 
 him back to Alontana again and he returned to Butte, 
 where he remained for one year, followed by a period 
 of one year in Granite, in both places being occupied 
 by business interests. In 1893 he located in Philips- 
 burg and established the business which has held his 
 undivided attention continuously since that time. 
 
 Air. Spencer has always showed a decided business 
 ability, that characteristic of his nature becoming ap- 
 parent in his youth. When he was but sixteen years 
 of age he went to work in a grocery store in St. Paul, 
 receiving as his monthly stipend fifteen dollars, which 
 he dutifully and generously handed to his mother every 
 pay-day, and until he came west he was for the most 
 part engaged in the mercantile business in one capacity 
 or another, thereby gaining a goodly store if experi- 
 ence which he has turned to excellent account in past 
 years. Mr. Spencer is a Alason and is affiliated with 
 Flint Creek Lodge, No. ii, and the Eastern Star. Fie 
 has been master of the blue lodge at Virginia City and 
 at Philipsburg also. He is a Republican, but not a 
 man of any political ambition. He has always lived 
 the life of a good citizen, content to perform the duty 
 lying nearest him and let others fill the public offices. 
 He has served his city as a member of the council 
 during two terms and in that office has done good work 
 for Philip=burg. He is a member of the Society of 
 Alontana Pioneers. 
 
 In 1875 Spencer was married to AIiss Harriet 
 
 Welch at Virginia Citv. She was a daughter of Wil- 
 liam and Harreit Welch, of that city. She died m 
 1904, leaving her husband and one son, Clarence ^ C., 
 to mourn her loss. The son is now married and lives 
 at Wallace, Idaho. 
 
 Clinton A. Slo.\n. An active and highly prosperous 
 business man of Butte. Clinton A.. Sloan has spent a 
 large part of his life in Alontana, and in the develop- 
 ment and advance of its material and industrial inteiests 
 has performed an important part. A son of the late 
 A. H. Sloan, he was born June 15, 1856, in Clinton 
 countv, Alissoiiri. 
 
 /A. H. Sloan was born in Ohio, in 1820. Learning the 
 carpenter’s trade when young, he followed it in Mis- 
 souri for a number of years. Coming from there to 
 Montana in 1865, he located with his family on a ranch, 
 and was here activelv engaged in agricultural pursuits 
 until his death, in 1888. He married Alarian Douglass, 
 who was born in Iowa, and is now living in Montana, 
 her home being in Boulder Valley. To them eight chil- 
 dren were born, including i Clinton A., the subject of 
 this brief biographical sketch ; John B., a ranchman in 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 967 
 
 Madison county, Alontana ; Seymour D., of Butte ; Airs. 
 L, D. Byers, of Boulder; and Airs. F. C. Berndies, of 
 Seattle, Washington. 
 
 .A lad of six years when he came with his parents to 
 Alontana, Clinton A. Sloan attended the district schools 
 several terms after locating here, and as soon as old 
 enough to earn a livelihood began work on a ranch. 
 Industrious, economical and an excellent manager, he 
 saved some money, and having wisely invested it in land 
 owned quite a valuable ranch as early as 1888. Alaking 
 a specialty of raising and shipping horses and cattle, 
 he built up an e.xtensive industry in that line, shipping 
 immense car loads of stock to the eastern markets from 
 his ranch in Jefferson county, Alontana. Disposing of 
 his land and other interests in Jefferson county in 1898, 
 Air. Sloan became a resident of Butte in that year, and 
 embarked in the livery business as a member of the firm 
 of Parmer. Cotter, McGovern & Sloan. Two of the 
 partners withdrawing at the end of eight months, the 
 business was continued under the name of Sloan & AIc- 
 Govern until 1900. Air. Sloan then bought out his 
 partner’s interests, and carried on the livery alone for 
 two years, but the ensuing three years had as a partner 
 Air. Tom Alorrow. That partnership then being dis- 
 solved, Air. Sloan established the Sloan Livery Com- 
 pany, which he conducted successfully for two and one- 
 half years, wdien he sold out to the firm of Aliller & 
 Simons. A short time later, becoming associated with 
 Air. Byers, Air. Sloan again engaged in the livery busi- 
 ness. under the firm name of Sloan & Byers, and in its 
 management is meeting with characteristic success, being 
 one of the best known liverymen of the county. 
 
 Air. Sloan married, January 22, 1902, Aliss Lillian 
 Rogers, of Butte, and their home is one of comfort 
 and cheer. Politically Air. Sloan supports the princi- 
 ples of the Democratic party, and religiously he is a 
 member of the Christian church. Fraternally he belongs 
 to the Modern Woodmen of America and to the Benevo- 
 lent and Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 George E. Gohn. In view of the nomadic spirit 
 which dominates the American public and causes citi- 
 zens of this great country to wander restlessly about 
 from one place to another, it is most gratifying to come 
 in contact with a man wdio has passed practically his 
 entire life in the place where he was born and reared. 
 Mr. Gohn, whose birth occurred in Virginia City, Alon- 
 tana, on the 23d of January, 1865, has been prominent 
 in politics in Madison county and for many years has 
 conducted the Aletropolitan Meat Alarket here. 
 
 He is a son of George and Anna (Zweifel) Gohn, the 
 former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, Alarch 28, 
 1834, and the latter of whom was a native of Switzer- 
 land, w'here her birth occurred in February, 1842. Airs. 
 Gohn came to America in 1852 and settled in Taunton 
 Alassachusetts. She was married to Air. Gohn in 1861, 
 in Central Citjq Colorado. She died in Virginia City, 
 Alontana, in 1898, and is buried beside her honored 
 husband in the cemetery of this place. George Gohn 
 was a pioneer in Alontana, having settled in Aladison 
 county in Alay, 1863. Immediately after his advent into 
 the Treasure state he opened a meat market in Vir- 
 ginia City, where he continued to reside during most 
 of the remainder of his life time. He was summoned to 
 eternal rest, in Alissoula, in 1906, aged seventy-two 
 years. He was a prominent Alason during his residence 
 in Montana and is buried in the Alasonic cemetery in 
 Virginia City. Mr. Gohn was a stalwart in the ranks 
 of the Republican party and he was incumbent of a num- 
 ber of important public offices during his active career. 
 For two terms he was treasurer of Aladison county; 
 for four years was county commissioner ; for two years 
 was county assessor ; and for several terms served with 
 the utmost loyalty as city alderman. He and his wife 
 were the parents of five children, four of whom are 
 living, in 1912, as follows : Alary is the widow of Bert 
 
 Rew and she maintains her home in Virginia City; 
 George E. is the immediate subject of this review; 
 Philip H. is married and lives in Kansas City, Alissouri; 
 and Anna Alay is the wife of I. H. French, of Liv- 
 ingston, Alontana. 
 
 After completing the curriculum of the public and 
 private schools of Virginia City, George E. Gohn, of 
 this notice, entered upon an apprenticeship, under his 
 father, to learn the meat business. He was associated 
 with his father in the meat business for a number of 
 years and has followed that line of enterprise during the 
 greater portion of his active career, with the e.xception 
 of four years when he was county treasurer. It was 
 during his incumbency of that office that his father died 
 and when his term expired he assumed charge of the 
 old shop, known as the Aletropolitan Aleat Alarket, and 
 has conducted it with admirable success ever since. 
 This market is the oldest continuously operated meat 
 market in Montana, it having been begun by the elder 
 George Gohn in the year 1864. In his political convic- 
 tions Air. Gohn is a Republican and he manifests an 
 active interest in all that affects the general welfare of 
 that organization. In 1902 he was honored by his fellow 
 citizens with election to the office of county treasurer 
 and he served as such for a term of four years, during 
 which time his administration was characterized by ad- 
 mirable devotion to duty. 
 
 In Virginia City, April 16, 1896, Air. Gohn was united 
 in marriage to Aliss Alar}- F. Vickers, a daughter of 
 Robert and Alartha Vickers, of this city. Air. and Mrs. 
 Gohn became the parents of four children : Harold and 
 Robert are in school ; Harry it at home ; and Alartha 
 Alildred is deceased. In religious matters Mr. and Airs. 
 Gohn favor the Protestant Episcopal church, in whose 
 faith they are rearing their children. 
 
 Fraternallv Air. Gohn is a member of the blue lodge. 
 Free and Accepted Alasons, and a Shriner, and he is 
 likewise affiliated with the Elks, the Eagles and the 
 Society of Alontana Pioneers. He is exceedingly fond 
 of horses for riding and driving, devotes a great deal 
 of attention to reading and thoroughly enjoys a good 
 baseball game. As regards Alontana, he says : “I was 
 
 born and raised in Alontana and naturally feel for my 
 native state. But in all candor and honesty my opinion 
 of Alontana is that, in addition to all her other natural 
 advantages, she will some day surprise the whole world 
 in mining alone.” 
 
 Jere Sullivan. Every one in Alontana, who has 
 traveled in the northern section of the state, and many 
 who have not, know Jere Sullivan, of Fort Benton. 
 He is not only well-known as the proprietor of the 
 Chouteau House, but he has played a verj- important 
 part in the political history of his section of the state. 
 Like many of the most influential citizens of the West, 
 he has won prosperity and success, entirely through 
 his own efforts. The story of the poor boy becoming 
 in time the wealthy rancher or merchant is a familiar 
 one, but though many men may have had this experi- 
 ence it in no way detracts from the glory of such a 
 rise, and to eastern ears, the stories of such a rise 
 as Air. Sullivan's seem like fairy tales. He has lived 
 in Alontana for over forty-five years, and in his strug- 
 gle for success, has played the part of a man to such 
 an extent that he has won the admiration and regard 
 of all who know him. 
 
 Jere Sullivan, as he is familiarly called, although 
 the name given him at baptism was Jeremiah, was born 
 on the 4th of Alarch, 1844, at Mills street. County 
 Cork, Ireland. His father was Teremiah Sullivan, and 
 his mother was Johana (Clifford) Sullivan. His 
 parents were poor, as were most of the people in 
 Ireland in those unhappy days, but they left to their 
 son, a more valuable heritage than money, that is an 
 unswerving sense of honesty and honor and truth. 
 The family is supposed to be descended from the 
 
968 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 O'Sullivan Bere, one of the feudal chiefs of ancient 
 Ireland. Mr. Sullivan came to America in 1858, and 
 settled in Canada, in the province of Ontario. He 
 received his education in the common schools of Dunne- 
 \ ille, Ontario, remaining in school until he was seven- 
 teen. 
 
 His first business venture was entered upon immedi- 
 ately after he left school, and consisted of a clerkship 
 in a country store. A modest position to be sure, 
 but a stepping stone to better things. In 1858 he came 
 to the United States, and as a cabin boy, on one of the 
 lake steamers, between Buffalo and Chicago, gratified both 
 his love of travel and a fondness for change. He re- 
 mained in this capacity for a year and then went to St. 
 Louis. Here he served in various capacities on board a 
 number of steamers. For a time he was connected with a 
 line of steamboats running between St. Louis and New 
 Orleans. This was during the years when the Missis- 
 sippi was the great highway of travel for the valley, 
 and the steamboats were what in those days were 
 genuine floating palaces. The life was one of con- 
 stant excitement, and nowhere could Mr. Sullivan have 
 found a better school for the study of mankind. He 
 later held similar positions with a line of steamboats 
 plying between ports on the Upper Mississippi. In 
 1865 he came to Montana, as steward of the steamer 
 “Benton.” 
 
 It was the third of August, 1865, when he arrived 
 in Montana. The journey had taken him nearly five 
 months to complete, for he bade good-bye to St. Louis 
 on the iith of March, 1865. For eight or nine years 
 after his arrival in Montana, he followed placer min- 
 ing, with varying success. Fle was able to save quite 
 a bit of money, and at last was able to gratify an 
 ambition that he had long had in secret, and that was 
 to own and operate a first-class hotel. It was in 1874 
 that he came to Fort Shaw and opened a hotel. He 
 met with considerable success but deciding that Fort 
 Benton was better suited to his purposes he came 
 to this place in 1879, and opened the Chouteau House. 
 Here he has been ever since and the hotel, of which 
 he is the proprietor, has grown in fame since the days 
 its doors were first thrown open. A simple chronicle, 
 but one must read between the lines and trj^ to visual- 
 ize the trials and hardships and discouragements that 
 Mr. Sullivan was forced to conquer. Placer mining is 
 not child’s play, and the management of a hotel in a 
 new and rough country, is a full-sized job for two 
 men. 
 
 The name of Jere Sullivan became noised abroad as 
 that of an honest, capable business man, and in 1889, 
 he was selected by the federal authorities, as collector 
 of customs for Montana and Idaho, with Fort Benton 
 as the port of entry. He served in this office for four 
 years. His popularity in his home town was demon- 
 strated in his election as mayor, not once, but twice, 
 each time for a term of four years. He was county 
 commissioner of Chouteau county for eight years and 
 for twelve years held the office of justice of the peace 
 at Fort Benton. He was also United States commis- 
 sioner for the long period of sixteen years. 
 
 Politically Mr. Sullivan is a Republican and is an 
 influential factor in the work and success of the party. 
 He is a communicant of the Roman Catholic church. 
 Mr. Sullivan has been twice married. His first wife 
 was Mary Agnes Hoffman, a daughter of Jacob Hoff- 
 man, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the date of the 
 marriage was 1880, the ceremony taking place in Fort 
 Benton, Montana. Seven childreji were born of this 
 marriage: Jere J., Earl D. Be', Harry G., John F., 
 
 Eugene A., Nora, who is married to Lloyd Walton, 
 of St. Paul, and Mary Agnes. In 1900, at St. Paul, 
 Minnesota, Mr. Sullivan was re-married to Sophia 
 Schubert, a daughter of Carl Schubert, of New Ulm, 
 Minnesota. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Sullivan, Johana Veronica. Mr. Sullivan is a member 
 
 of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and was 
 grand master of the order from M04 to 1905. He has 
 also been a member of the Elks since 1910. 
 
 John Piper Barnes, the son of George W. and 
 Martha (Thomas) Barnes, was born in Boone county, 
 Missouri, on the 28th day of January, 1832. The fa- 
 ther was born in Culpeper county, Virginia, and re- 
 moved to Kentucky with his parents when a child of 
 three years. These were Kentucky pioneers, the year 
 1797 marking the date of their advent into the state, 
 where the grandfather of the subject died in the 
 year 1910, at the patriarchal age of one hundred and 
 three years. He had six sons by his first marriage, 
 all of whom served Jn the war for American inde- 
 pendence. By his second marriage he had five sons 
 and four daughters, and of this latter family, George 
 W., the father of John P. Barnes, was the youngest 
 born. All the sons of the second marriage served 
 in the War of 1812 under Colonel Johnson in Gen- 
 eral Harrison’s army. George W. Barnes was a bugle- 
 man of the troop of mounted infantry, and a note- 
 worthy incident of the battle of the Thames is that 
 an order to blow a retreat was understood by him 
 as an order for a charge. Fie blew the order for a 
 charge, with the result that the American forces rushed 
 forward to victory instead of retreating. In 1820 
 George "VV. Barnes settled in Missouri, took a course 
 in medicine, and was for many years engaged in prac- 
 tice in Clay and Platt counties. In 1826 he married 
 Miss Martha Thomas, and they became the parents 
 of six children: Richard T., Sarah F., John P., Eliza- 
 beth R., Margaret J. and Mary. In 1898 Richard T. 
 died at Helena, Montana, at the age of seventy years, 
 and the subject is now the only member of this family 
 residing in the state of Montana. In 1852 Mrs. Barnes 
 died, and by steamboat he accompanied the family 
 of hi.s son John P. to Montana in 1865, death claim- 
 ing him one year later, when he was in the seventy- 
 second year of his life. 
 
 John P. Barnes was accorded the common school 
 advantages peculiar to his time and place, a short 
 term in the high school finishing his education. He 
 acquired a practical knowledge of business as his fa- 
 ther’s assistant in the drug store, and then engaged 
 in the merchandise business as a clerk, continuing in 
 that capacity until 1852. In that year he entered busi- 
 ness for himself at Parksville, Missouri. He remained 
 thus associated until the outbreak of the Civil war, 
 when he promptly offered himself to the southern cause 
 and enlisted as a lieutenant in the army of General 
 Price. After a year of service a severe attack of 
 typhoid fever caused him to resign his commission 
 at Memphis, Tennessee, and he was succeeded in his 
 command by R. S. Kelly, who later gained prominence 
 in Montana as United States marshal under Presi- 
 dent Cleveland. Upon recovering his health suffi- 
 ciently to permit of travel, he secured a pass from 
 General Lew Wallace, the Union commander, and 
 returned to his old Missouri home. The Federal 
 authorities being then in command, Mr. Barnes was 
 placed under bonds and found himself unable to leave 
 that district until 1864, in which year he came to the 
 west and in the employ of an acquaintance, being in 
 charge of certain freight wagons and a drove of cat- 
 tle. He arrived in Virginia City on the 12th of 
 September, 1864, the trip consuming one hundred and 
 twenty days, which was then considered exceptionally 
 expeditious, in view of former trips to that point. 
 
 A few weeks of prospecting decided Mr. Barnes 
 in favor of a ranch, and he located on a place in 
 Jefferson valley. On December 24, 1864, he came to 
 the present site of Helena, took up a claim in the 
 Grizzly gulch, and continued to mine it with good suc- 
 cess until the fall of 1865. At that time his family 
 arrived from the east, when he moved over to the 
 
i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 969 
 
 New York mining district, and for ten years there- 
 after was occupied in mining and milling in the New 
 York, Eldorado and Helena districts, in company with 
 one W. W. Arnold, who was his companion on the 
 trip from the east. In 1867 and 1868, with A. G. 
 Clarke and Alexander Kemp, he constructed the El- 
 dorado ditch from Trout creek to Eldorado bar. This 
 cost the sum of $103,000 in the construction, and, un- 
 fortunately for its projectors, proved a losing propo- 
 sition. They then engaged in the sawmill business 
 near Helena and built a mining flume on Clancey 
 creek in Jefferson county. During a part of the years 
 1870 and 1871 Mr. Barnes resided in Helena, and 
 there had charge of the lumber yard, but in the latter 
 named year he removed to the flume on Clancey creek, 
 where he remained until the fall of 1874, when he 
 purchased a ranch on the Spokane and made his 
 home there until 1882. At that time he and Mr. Ar- 
 nold sold their mining properties, Mr. Arnold re- 
 taining the ranch and Mr. Barnes taking the stock, 
 which he removed to the Judith basin and located on 
 a homestead ranch of one hundred and sixty acres 
 near Philbrook. He later added a similar tract to 
 this by purchase, and the place represented his home 
 until lie removed to Lewiston in 1894. 
 
 In the latter part of the year 1887 Mr. Barnes 
 purchased a half interest in three rnining claims _ m 
 the North Aloccasins mountains, and in the following 
 year with his son, C. E. Barnes, he bought the re- 
 maining half interest from A. D. Harmon. He de- 
 veloped these properties and added to them until he 
 had a group of fifteen claims, known as the Barnes- 
 King group of mines. Their mill had a capacity of 
 practically three hundred tons and they were able to 
 run one hundred tons through in eight hours without 
 any difficulty, the ore having an average value of 
 ten dollars a ton. The Barnes-King group was bonded 
 to an eastern syndicate in December, 1901, for 
 $1,000,000. In 1905 IMr. Barnes established at Lewis- 
 ton the Judith & Basin Milling Company, which he 
 sold in 1910. He removed to Helena in September, 
 1907, where he now resides, although his_ principal 
 financial interests are still centered at Lewiston. 
 
 Mr. Barnes was ever a strong Democrat and has 
 been an active factor in the ranks of the party, be- 
 ing honored from time to time with important official 
 trusts, all of which he has discharged with a fidelity 
 and advantage to the people whom he served. In 1867 
 he was appointed by Governor Smith one of the com- 
 missioners to organize Meagher county, including all 
 the territory between the ^Missouri and Yellowstone 
 rivers as far south as Flathead Pass. In the fall of 
 1868 he was chosen one of the first members of the 
 legislature from this new county, and the next fall 
 was elected to represent Choteau, Meagher and Gal- 
 latin counties in the upper house. After his removal 
 to Jefferson county he was. in the fall of 1871, elected 
 the joint representative of Lewis and Clarke and Jef- 
 ferson counties in the council, and in 1877 was nomi- 
 nated as a member of the same body for Lewis and 
 Clarke county, but, giving no personal attention to the 
 canvass, w'as defeated by the small majority of _ sixty 
 votes. In 1886 he was one of the commissioners 
 elected to organize Fergus county, and he held that 
 office for three years, or until the first election of 
 state officers under the state constitution in 1889. IMr. 
 Barnes took possession on July i, 1894, of the office 
 of receiver of the United States land office at Levvis- 
 ton, and he held this office for four years, discharging 
 its duties to the fullest satisfaction of all concerned. 
 When the city of Lewiston was incorporated he was 
 elected its first mayor, but refused to be a candidate 
 for a second term. 
 
 In 1850 Mr. Barnes joined the Methodist Episcopal 
 church and has been a valued member of that body 
 for more than sixty years. He became a Mason in 
 
 January, 1858, at Parkville, [Missouri, and is now af- 
 filiated with Lewiston and Helena lodges of the order. 
 
 On the 23d of February, 1853, Mr. Barnes married 
 Miss Rosetta L. Beeding, a daughter of Craven P. and 
 Rosetta L. (Lackland) Beeding. She was a native 
 of Hagerstown, Maryland, from whence her parents 
 removed to Saline county in 1844 and to Parkville, 
 Missouri, in 1852. Six children have been reared in 
 the home of Mr. and Mrs. Barnes : Clarence E. ; 
 
 John S. ; Martha E., the wife of Joseph Wanderlin; 
 Anna M., married to R. L. Neville; Loretta, the wife 
 of M. L. Woodman; and Carlotta, the wife of John 
 L. Raw. Mrs. Barnes died in March, 1899, aged sixty- 
 five years. On May 8, 1901, Mr. Barnes was mar- 
 ried a second time, when Mrs. Jennie (Sheridan) 
 Larson became his wife. She was born in Lindly, 
 Steuben county. New York, in 1855. 
 
 Although Mr. Barnes has reached a place of no 
 slight importance in the life of Montana, it is con- 
 ceded by all who know him that his natural modesty 
 and reticence had_ kept him from attaining the high 
 station for which his natural qualifications have fitted 
 him so admirably. It has been said of him that had 
 he so desired he might have had any office in the gift 
 of the people, but despite his unwillingness to push 
 to the front he has held numerous responsible offices 
 with exceptional abilit}', and has lent a dignity to every 
 phase of life in which he has been found. 
 
 Andrew Taylor Hamilton. On the south fork of 
 Sixteen Mile creek, in the beautiful Gallatin valley, 
 is situated the magnificent ranch of Andrew Taylor 
 Hamilton, a tract of 720 acres which he has accumu- 
 lated through the medium of his own efforts. Mr. 
 Hamilton is one of Montana’s “old timers,” and during 
 nearly half a century has witnessed the many changes 
 that have taken place in this section and contributed 
 his due share to the state’s development. He is a native 
 of Hardin county, Ohio, and was born May 2, 1850, a 
 son of Richard and Elizabeth (Ulin) Hamilton, natives 
 of Richland county, Ohio. Mr. Hamilton’s father was 
 born in September, 1812, and died October 4, 1892, 
 while his wife passed away April, 1858, being in her 
 thirty-fifth year. Of their two daughters and four 
 sons, two are living : Richard D., who lives in Pember- 
 ton. Oregon; and Andrew Taylor. 
 
 The grandfather of jMr. Hamilton was Richard Ham- 
 ilton, a native of County Donegal, Ireland, of Scotch 
 parentage. He came to the United States as a young 
 man, was married in Ohio, where he reared a family 
 of three children, of whom Richard was the youngest, 
 and was one of the pioneer agriculturists of Richland 
 county, where he spent the last years of his life. The 
 father of Andrew T. Hamilton was reared to farming 
 and stock raising, and until 1856 was located in Ohio, 
 whence he moved in that year to Lucas county, 
 Iowa, and became a pioneer tiller of the soil of that 
 section. On April 5, 1865, he moved with his family 
 from Iowa by ox-teams, traveling overland to Salt 
 Lake City, Utah, and then on to Alder Gulch. During 
 the month of September, 1865, the little party arrived 
 on Bozeman creek, where at present stands the Boze- 
 man Hotel, in the city of Bozeman. The last years of 
 Mr. Hamilton’s life were spent in stock raising and 
 farming in Gallatin county. First a Whig and later a 
 Republican, Mr. Hamilton was active in the ranks of 
 his party, and served as justice of the peace both 
 in Ohio and Iowa. 
 
 Andrew Taylor Hamilton was six years of age when 
 he accompanied his parents from Ohio to Iowa, and his 
 education was secured in the district schools when he 
 could be spared from the work of the home farm. 
 He accompanied the family to Montana in 1865, and 
 until 1879 was associated with his father in farming 
 and stock raising. Since that year he has carried on 
 operations in township i, on a tract of 720 acres, five 
 
970 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 miles north and six miles east of Belgrade, in the 
 beautiful Gallatin valley, and has a horse ranch on the 
 south fork of the Sixteen Mile creek. He makes a 
 Specialty of breeding fine Percheron, Clydesdale and 
 French draft horses and has standard-bred milch cows. 
 A stanch Republican in politics, Mr. Flamilton cast his 
 first vote for President Hayes, and in 1878 was electee 
 justice of the peace, succeeding himself in office for 
 twelve consecutive years, when he retired from office. 
 Although he received only a meagre education in his 
 youth, Mr. Hamilton is one of the best informed men 
 of his section. In 1875 he^ returned to Lucas county, 
 Iowa, where he attended high school, and he has now 
 accumulated a large law library and is well informed 
 on matters of jurisprudence. Fraternally, Mr. Flamil- 
 ton is connected with Pythagoras Lodge No. 2, Knights 
 of Pythias of Bozeman. Fie was one of the organizers 
 of the Farmers Alliance in that city. 
 
 On May 13, 1877, Mr. Hamilton was married to Miss 
 Alicia Florence Young, who was born in Lucas county, 
 Iowa, daughter of John and Mary (Beam) Young, 
 natives of Kentucky, both of whom are deceased. They 
 had eight children,' of whom Mrs. Hamilton was the 
 sixth in order of birth. Mr. Young removed from his 
 native Blue Grass state to Iowa in 1856, locating in 
 Lucas county, and subsequently became one of the 
 leading farmers and stock raisers of Clai'k county. He 
 was first a Whig and later, a Republican, and an earnest 
 adherent of the faith of the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton there have been born seven 
 children, all of whom are living : Leslie C., who married 
 Ida B. Potter; Nellman R., who married Lucy Patrick; 
 Chesna, the wife of Lester Davis; Leal E. ; Everett A., 
 who married Polly Holton ; Erlice E. ; and Gail M. 
 
 Joseph D. Conrad. One of the best known of Mon- 
 tana’s pioneers whose identification with the growth and 
 development of that state extends through a period of 
 nearly a half-century, is Joseph D. Conrad, president 
 and business manager of the Montana Daily Record, the 
 leading Republican paper of the state, and one of the 
 well known dailies of the Northwest. 
 
 Mr. Conrad was born in Jennings county, Indiana, 
 October 22, 1842. His father, whose name was the 
 same as the son, followed the business of railroad con- 
 struction and naturally followed the course of the em- 
 pire westward. He was among the earliest of the 
 railroad builders, and his death occurred at Madison, 
 Indiana, in 1873, surviving his wife, Lucy (Griffin) 
 Conrad, but two months. She was a native of Ireland, 
 and like her husband a member of the Roman Catholic 
 church. Their family consisted of nine children, of 
 whom Joseph D. was the third in order of birth. Mr. 
 Conrad senior was a Democrat, but never held office as 
 he had no desire for political honors, preferring the 
 society of his home and family, where his time, not 
 occupied in business matters, was largely passed. 
 
 In 1855, Mr. Conrad, senior, was engaged in contract 
 work on the old Hannitoal & St. Joe Railroad, anebnoved 
 his family from Indiana to Missouri. Joseph D. conrad, 
 our subject, attended school in Caldwell county and 
 in Hamilton, and in Utica, in Missouri, and concluded 
 his education at St. Benedict’s College in Atchison, 
 Kansas, graduating in the class of 1859. At the out- 
 break of the Civil war Mr. Conrad entered the commis- 
 sary department at Fort Leavenworth, and remained in 
 that connection until 1865. In the spring of that year he 
 started for Montana with a wagon train. The journey 
 occupied one hundred and eighty days, and was most 
 novel and interesting, although not without hardships. 
 The most exciting time occurred when within about 
 ninety miles of Julesburg, on what was known as the 
 Pole Creek route, between Julesburg and Cheyenne 
 Pass. The train was attacked by a party of Indians on 
 the war path, and a fierce fight ensued but the emigrants 
 succeeded in beating off the savage foe, killing five of 
 
 their number, while the travelers escaped without a 
 fatality, although several were severely wounded. This 
 was not an unusual experience for the travelers across 
 the plains in those days, for the many unmarked graves 
 attest the fierceness of the wily foe and the casual- 
 ties resulting to the emigrants. The party arrived 
 unbroken at Virginia City in October 1865. 
 
 Mining was the principal occupation, and the one busi- 
 ness in which any new arrival could engage in, and 
 which attracted the hundreds of men who' sought for- 
 tune in the mines. While many succeeded, there were 
 also a great many that were less fortunate. Mr. (Tonrad 
 did some mining and also considerable prospecting. It 
 was while engaged in the latter that Mr. Conrad met with 
 a dangerous and most painful experience. He was caught 
 in a blizzard and suffered dreadfully from the cold, 
 freezing his feet badly, and for a considerable time was 
 totally incapacitated. Resuming the search for hidden 
 treasure, as soon as his physical condition would per- 
 mit, he followed that business for a number of years, 
 in various parts of the territory, but was never lucky 
 enough to strike a rich pay shoot. At length, realizing 
 the hazard of the mining business and believing that he 
 might be more successful in other pursuits, he deter- 
 mined to engage in merchandising. In 1879, he estab- 
 lished a general store in the flourishing camp of Marys- 
 ville. This proved a profitable undertaking from the 
 very beginning, and was successfully conducted by Mr. 
 Conrad, until he disposed of his mercantile interests at 
 that place in igoo. Mr. Conrad’s reputation as a busi- 
 ness man had become thoroughly established, and he 
 was held in the highest esteem for his honorable and 
 upright business methods. He was appointed post- 
 master at Marysville b}' President Harrison, and served 
 in all five years, four of which were under the admin- 
 istration of Grover Cleveland. 
 
 Since 1905 Mr. Conrad has been prominently identi- 
 fied with the Daily Record Publishing Company, and 
 there has found a scope for his business and executive 
 ability that is somewhat commensurate with his capacity. 
 
 The Record is published at Helena, and occupies a 
 foremost position among the leading dailies of the state. 
 It is the successor to the Helena Herald, which was 
 established in 1868, and was organized in 1905, when 
 Mr. Conrad was made cashier of the company. In Jan- 
 uary, 1912, he was elected oresident; Dr. O. M. Lan- 
 strum, vice-president; and T. A. Marlow, treasurer. 
 
 The office of president of the Record Company is 
 anything but a sinecure, as it entails the duties of busi- 
 ness manager, which Mr. Conrad conducts with signal 
 ability. 
 
 On October 4th. 1873, Hr. Conrad married Miss 
 Katharine Miller, a native of Iowa but at that time a 
 resident of Canyon Ferry. They became the parents 
 of three children : George Edward, of Helena, con- 
 nected with the Union Market; Ralf J., of Helena; and 
 Lillian, now the wife of Dr. O. M. Lanstrum, of Helena, 
 and who has three sons: Claud, Fredrick and Philip. 
 
 Politically Mr. Conrad is a Republican, having de- 
 parted from the faith of his father in politics, but still 
 adheres to the church of that parent. Fraternally Mr. 
 Conrad is a Pythian Knight of high degree, having 
 passed through all the chairs. 
 
 He began life a poor boy, but it proved no handicap 
 to him, rather an incentive, to do and achieve success 
 on his own account. He has had a wide, varied and 
 interesting experience in Montana's history and now- 
 after nearly a half-century, he can look back and survey 
 the field with satisfaction, for he has made good and 
 acquired a competence, as well as occupying a position 
 of dignity and responsibility in a profession which is 
 among the strongest influences of modern civilization — 
 the press. 
 
 Fie is fully entitled to the high position he holds 
 among the business men of Montana, and his friends 
 are limited only by his acquaintance. 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 971 
 
 John F. Work. If the biographer should attempt to 
 select a life record to present to the readers of the 
 \ounger generation as an illustration of the vicissitudes 
 of pioneer life, probably no better exemplification could 
 be found than the career of John F. Work, one of the 
 most highly esteemed residents of Bozeman, the story 
 of whose life during frontier days reads like the pages 
 from some wild romance. The son of a i'forty-niner,” 
 he joined in the rush for gold in the newly discovered 
 camps, hunted buffaloes and tracked (and was tracked 
 by) Indians, narrowly escaping death on several occa- 
 sions, and eventually settled down to sheep raising in 
 the Yellowstone valley, where he is now regarded as 
 one of his section’s most substantial and representative 
 citizens. Mr. Work was born on a farm in Adams 
 county, Pennsylvania, near the field where the great 
 battle of Gettysburg was to be contested in later years, 
 his natal day being June 30, 1835, and he is a son of 
 James and Marie (Black) Work. 
 
 James Work was born in Allegheny county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, in 1810, and as a youth learned the trade of a 
 wagoner or freighter. During the early ’forties he 
 started for the West, going by water to Jackson- 
 ville, Illinois, and there engaging in the broom manu- 
 facturing business. About a year later he moved to Scot- 
 land county, Missouri, where he followed farming until 
 1847, when he moved to Memphis, Missouri, there en- 
 gaging in the packing business in which he continued 
 until 1849. 
 
 In 1849, when the nation was electrified by the dis- 
 covery of gold in California, Mr. Work started across 
 the plains by bull team, then a popular mode of travel, 
 arriving three or four months later in Sacramento, his 
 sole earthly possessions being represented by a cow. He 
 was engaged in seeking the precious metal up to 1853, 
 with a fair measure of success, .and in that year returned 
 overland, via Panama, to Memphis, in Scotland county, 
 Missouri, where he engaged in pork packing until 1862. 
 then going to California once more, where he engaged 
 in prospecting, mining and farming up to the fall of 1863. 
 He then spent a year in Idaho, but returned to Missouri 
 via Salt Lake, and the remainder of his life was spent 
 in agricultural pursuits, his death occurring in 1869. Mr. 
 Work married Miss Marie Black, who was born in 1812, 
 on a farm in Adams county, Pennsylvania, eight miles 
 from the Gettysburg battlefield, and she died in 1893, 
 having been the mother of seven children, of whom three 
 are living; John F., of this review; Mary, the widow 
 of Eugene Williams, residing in Livingston, [Montana; 
 and Zachary Taylor, who married Alary Cox and lives 
 in Park county, Montana. 
 
 John F. Work was still a small child when he ac- 
 companied his parents to Scotland county, Alissouri, and 
 there he secured such education as the district schools 
 afforded, although the greater part of his time was spent 
 in the school of hard work on his father’s farm. In 
 1857 he began to drive cattle from different points in 
 Missouri to St. Paul and Minneapolis, Alinnesota, and 
 after making a number of such trips, in 1859 he went 
 overland to Pike’s Peak, Colorado, with a party during 
 the gold excitement. Returning to Jefferson City, Mis- 
 souri, he acted as yard boss in the state -prison until 
 1861, when he returned to Memphis, Missouri, to visit 
 his parents. On A'larch 16, 1862, Air. Work and his 
 father became members of a party that had started over- 
 land to California, with an outfit of mules and horses, 
 but when they had reached Stillwater, Wyoming, re- 
 ceived news of the discovery of gold on Salmon river. 
 At South Pass he met a party going to Salmon river, 
 and made arrangements to join them. With only $2.50 
 in his pockets, he started off with the party, to make the 
 journey. This was an extremely perilous undertaking, 
 as the Indians were on the war-path. On arriving at 
 their destination, they were not favorably impressed by 
 conditions as they found them to exist, and started for 
 Elk City, about three hundred miles distant. Shortly 
 
 after leaving, their pack mules ran aw-ay, and they were 
 forced to subsist mainly on grouse during a tramp of 
 three hundred miles to Elk City, in which place they 
 remained three or four days, and then pushed on another 
 125 miles to Lewiston, Idaho, which place they left on 
 foot for Walla Walla, in company with an Irishman 
 familiarly knowm as old Jim, but before they reached 
 their destination the party broke up and Mr. Work trav- 
 eled alone without food for a day and night. Eventu- 
 ally he secured employment on a ranch near Walla Walla 
 at wages of $2.50 per day, and in the spring of 1863 left 
 for Placerville, Idaho, which he reached after a perilous 
 journey through the deep snow of the Blue Alountains. 
 He prospected and worked for wages in Idaho until the 
 fall of that year, when he returned to Walla Walla 
 and secured employment at a teamster for the United 
 States government, a position which he held until the 
 spring of 1864, when he returned to Idaho. There, 
 with three other young men, he purchased a small 
 piece of mining property in Aloore's Creek, and after 
 working all summer at placer mining, spent the winter 
 in the valley with an old friend of his father. Dur- 
 ing that time they ran out of flour once, and for six 
 weeks the only obtainable food was black tail deer. 
 In the spring of 1865 he went to Idaho City, and 
 shortly thereafter commenced working for wages on 
 Moore’s Creek, but in August, 1865, left with a 
 freighting outfit for Salt Lake. He took his father 
 with him, who had arrived in very poor health, and 
 spent the remainder of his small stock of money in 
 paying the elder man's fare back to Alissouri with a 
 freighting outfit. He then engaged in working for 
 Bishop Layton, of the Alormon church, but in the fall 
 of 1865 went overland to Virginia City, Alontana, and 
 later to Silver Bow. In December, 1865, he arrived 
 m the city of Helena. While there he helped Johnnie 
 Healy to select forty head of oxen and started to take 
 them through to Sun river, but heavy snows stopped 
 them. They were compelled to stop at Alalcolm 
 Clark’s ranch, and eventually lost all but fourteen head 
 of their oxen. Air. Work returned to Helena in the 
 spring of 1866, from there went to Deer Lodge and 
 in the same fall to Argenta, where he secured a posi- 
 tion in the smelters. In the spring of 1867 he re- 
 turned to Salmon river, Idaho. In the fall of the 
 same year he came over the mountains with Hugh 
 Kirkendall’s outfit to Bozeman where for some time 
 he was employed by the government in delivering 
 supplies to the Crow Indians. During the fall and 
 winter of 1867 he was employed by Air. Kirkendall, 
 who had the contract to furnish wood for Fort Ellis, 
 and in the spring of 1868 went to Emigrant Gulch, 
 where he spent some time in mining. Subsequently 
 he followed hunting on the Yellowstone river, but in 
 1871 began lumbering and continued to be so engaged 
 until 1872, when he took up what is at this time 
 known as the Ben Strickland ranch on the upper Yel- 
 lowstone river, in Park county. Losing a number of 
 oxen there, he engaged in the pack train business, 
 taking invalids to the Alammoth Hot Springs, and car- 
 ried the first white woman who was ever taken to the 
 National Park. He continued in this business until 
 1874, and in 1875 again engaged in mining in Emi- 
 grant Gulch. The summer of 1876 he spent in the 
 Black Hills with a party of sixty-five prospectors, and 
 returned via Fort Laramie, wintering on Pass creek, 
 near Fort Hallock, in 1877. He then_ came through 
 the Wind river country and Green river section to 
 Alontana, and took Nelson Story, Sr., Byron Story 
 and Charles Rich, through the National Park, return- 
 ine to Bozeman. In a return trip to Cinnabar, the 
 party consisted of three men and one boy, and when 
 they were attacked by Nez Perces Indians they were 
 forced to abandon their camp and supplies in order 
 to save their lives by crossing the river. Later Air. 
 Work obtained some small measure of revenge for 
 
972 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the destruction of the camp by aiding in the packing 
 for the United States in its raid on this tribe of sav- 
 ages. He then accepted the position of superintend- 
 ent of the firm of McAdow & Vilas, who carried on 
 cattle business on Work creek, in Sweet Grass county, 
 and named in honor of Mr. Work, but subsequently 
 took charge of the government herd for the United 
 States at Crow Indian Agency. He then engaged in 
 freighting from Bozeman to the Crow agency. The 
 year 1880 saw ]\Ir. Work established in the freight- 
 ing business, under the firm name of Work & Lock, 
 and in that year he helped Captain Belknap of Boston 
 to select a ranch location at Stinking Water, Wyom- 
 ing in the Wind river country. In 1881 he purchased 
 for Colonel Belknap over fifteen hundred head of cattle 
 and took them to the Stinking Water country. In 
 1883 he accepted and fulfilled a sub-contract with the 
 Bozeman Tunnel Company to remove dirt from the 
 tunnel and hauling wood and coal. Since 1880 he has 
 been engaged in the sheep business, and now has 
 quite e.xtensive interests in the Yellowstone valley 
 near Livingston. His son, Lester P. Work, has since 
 1910 practically had charge of the business, although 
 Mr. Work advanced in years as he is and after a 
 rugged and strenuous life in the West, is still fully 
 capable of handling his properties and handling them 
 to the best advantage, should circumstances necessi- 
 tate his taking charge. In March, 1892, he removed 
 to Bozeman and has since made his home there. He 
 has at various times identified himself with enter- 
 prises which have had for their object the betterment 
 of the community, and the large business ventures 
 with which he has been connected have made his name 
 familiar throughout this section of the country. His 
 record is that of a good citizen and a business man of 
 strict integrity, and his friends are legion. With a 
 wealth of anecdote and a keen memory of the time 
 when this section was the home of wild animals and 
 still wilder men, he is a pleasing and interesting con- 
 versationalist. Politically, Mr. Work is a Republican, 
 and socially he is a valued member of the Montana 
 and Gallatin Pioneer societies. 
 
 On January 10, 1884, Mr. Work was married to 
 Mary Evelyn Stone, who was born in Worth county, 
 Missouri, daughter of Jeremiah R. and Mary (White) 
 Stone, the former born in Virginia on May 2, 1834, 
 and still surviving, and the latter born in Indiana, 
 September ii, 1837, and died in 1906. Mrs. Work’s 
 parents had a family of four sons and six daughters, 
 of whom the following are still living: Joseph R., 
 Elmer, Mary Evelyn, Alpha and Ila. Jeremiah R. 
 Stone was a mere boy when he accompanied his 
 parents from Virginia to Missouri, and there learned 
 the harness trade, an occupation which he followed 
 until 1883. He then came to Montana and engaged in 
 ranching near Bozeman until 1902, since which year 
 he has lived a retired life in this city. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Work have two children: Vida Marie 
 and Lester Park. The former was married in Aug- 
 ust, 1912, to Ray Holloway, and the latter married 
 Ina Tucker, the daughter of John Tucker of Helena, 
 in November, 1912. She died three months after their 
 marriage. 
 
 P.MRiCK A. L.\rgey. In the list of men who became 
 identified with the history of Montana in the pioneer 
 days, it is doubtful whether there could be revealed 
 a more distinctly unique and individual character than 
 Patrick Largey, His life was marked by unceasing 
 toil and endeavor, by modesty and honesty of purpose, 
 and was crowned with success that was worthily 
 achieved. In the life story of this versatile and well 
 beloved citizen the element of tragedy bore a potential 
 part. His early struggle for a foothold in the world 
 of effort was discouraged and made more difficult while 
 he was yet a very young man by the loss of his father 
 through a disastrous accident, and also through losses 
 
 caused by the business reverses of others. Yet these 
 trials and discouragements so stimulated his own 
 activities that they led to final and commanding tri- 
 umphs, only to end at the very acme of his usefulness 
 and power by violent death at the hands of a cowardly 
 assassin who had frequently fed on his bounty. 
 
 Largey was born on April i. Palm Sunday, in 
 1836, and was reared on a farm near New Lexington 
 in Perry county, Ohio, far from the din and turmoil 
 of the busy marts of trade. Nothing in his childhood 
 and youth was to reveal to him the great world in 
 whose activities he was to participate so vigorously 
 and successfully. Yet it may be that with the imagina- 
 tion which was a part of his inheritance from a long 
 line of Celtic ancestors, the lad had visions of future 
 conquests in that great outside world of commerce 
 and finance. The section in which he was reared 
 offered meager opportunities for education, but he 
 made the most of the material at hand, utilizing it to 
 such advantage that while many of his associates were 
 toiling through the grades he had qualified as a teacher, 
 and was soon saving what he could from his small 
 earnings, to assist in paying his way through St. 
 Joseph’s College, at Somerset, Ohio. During vacation 
 periods he was employed on the farm and his pay from 
 this labor also went to provide the tuition and books. 
 
 After leaving college, he taught school for a time, 
 then went to Cincinnati and became bookkeeper for 
 a commercial house. A year later, he was employed 
 by _ John McCune, who owned steamboats on the 
 Ohio river. Through this employment and what it 
 led to, he ultimately reached Keokuk, Iowa, where 
 he worked in a dry-goods store two years, when the 
 firm failed and he returned to his home town, in Ohio. 
 Here he again took up the profession of teaching, and 
 during the vacations, between terms, worked as a farm 
 hand. He worked at anything he could get, pro- 
 vided it were honorable, and even though wages were 
 low, he was a young man of regular habits, not given 
 to _ indulgences of any kind, and was able ■ through 
 strict economy to lay aside a little money. 
 
 With the small capital thus acquired, he again went 
 west, locating in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1861. Here 
 he was able to purchase a small stock of merchandise 
 and to open a store. The experience and acquaintance 
 with conditions and with people that came to him 
 after a year’s time spent here, gave him an insight 
 into a field that, as thought, offered greater oppor- 
 tunities. He therefore disposed of his business in 
 Des Moines, and went to Omaha, Nebraska, where he 
 became purchasing agent for Edward Creighton, a 
 renowned freighter, buying horses, mules, and oxen 
 to be used by him in freighting across the plains. In 
 1865, he was made captain of one of Mr. Creighton’s 
 trains of sixty wagons, which he safely conducted to 
 Virginia City, Montana, in the fall of that year, losing 
 only one man, who was killed from ambush by Indians. 
 Mr. Largey’s keen appreciation of values and oppor- 
 tunities enabled him to take in at a glance the possi- 
 bilities of this part of the country, and he decided to 
 remain. The following year he opened a grocery store 
 at Helena, but the business not being to his liking he 
 sold it in the fall. He again entered the freighting 
 business, buying mules and wagons of Majors & Rus- 
 sell, and within a year carried $60,000 worth of gold 
 to Salt Lake City. He also dealt in cattle in Jefferson 
 county, in the state of his adoption. Presently he 
 was once more engaged in merchandise, having chosen 
 Virginia City as the base of his operations, but he 
 did not continue this enterprise long. After selling 
 the business he ne.xt worked as salesman for Creigh- 
 ton & Ohle, remaining with them for four years. 
 He next became a hardware merchant, continuing in 
 the trade eight years, then selling out the business in 
 1880, to Elling, Knight & Company, and looking around 
 for some other pursuit and location. 
 
 Through all these chances and changes Fate was 
 
^ f ‘ ^ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 973 
 
 leading him, with a firm but kind and persuasive hand, 
 to the place and opportunities for which she seems to 
 have designed him, and at last her goal was_ reached. 
 When he sold his hardware business in Virginia City, 
 he came to Butte and organized the Butte Hardware 
 Company, and in 1883 he established a branch house 
 for it in Anaconda. The trade in both cities was large 
 and active, and its requirements kept him _ busy, but 
 this was always in accordance with his desires. 
 
 Some years prior to coming to Butte, however, Mr. 
 Largey engaged in other lines of enterprise which are 
 too important to be overlooked. In 1867, he built a 
 telegraph line for the Western Union Company from 
 Virginia City to Helena, and in 1868 one from Helena 
 to Fort Benton, following it the next year by one 
 from Helena to Bozeman. Then in 1879, he built the 
 line between Deer Lodge and Butte, being the prime 
 factor in the company owning it, which later became 
 the Montana Central Telegraph Company. When the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad was building through this 
 territory, he sold part of the line to the United States 
 government. Mr. Largey was also instrumental in 
 building up large banking institutions in Virginia City 
 and Helena, in which he was the dominant figure. 
 Through them he acquired an extensive and accurate 
 knowledge of the banking business, and was well pre- 
 pared to start the State Savings Bank of Butte when 
 the time came. He founded this bank on the 29th of 
 January, 1891, beginning business with a capital stock 
 of one hundred thousand dollars, in an excellent field 
 for extensive operations. He was elected its president 
 and controlled its policy, augmented its usefulness, 
 popularized its coffers and directed the investment of 
 its revenues, his management of affairs proving to 
 be full of wisdom and of great advantage to the insti- 
 tution. 
 
 In the meantime, with a quick eye to perceive and 
 a hand ever ready to supply public needs, he secured 
 the aid of others and with them purchased the feeble 
 and struggling electric light plant in Butte. He_ formed 
 the company for the sole purpose of purchasing and 
 developing the plant and when this was accomplished 
 he sold it. i\Ir. Largey also founded the Butte Inter- 
 Mountain, a daily newspaper, and was the first presi- 
 dent of the company which conducted it. Like every- 
 thing else he put his hand to, this enterprise flourished 
 from the beginning, and has grown in circulation and 
 influence until it is one of the most prosperous and 
 effective expressions of public opinion in the North- 
 west. 
 
 ]\Ir. Largey was the son of Patrick and Jane (Cassilly) 
 Largey, natives of Armagh in the county of the same 
 name in Ireland, where they were married in 1809 and 
 whence they emigrated to the United States in 1814. 
 On their arrival they located on a farm in Perry county, 
 Ohio, near the town of Somerset. There they passed 
 the remainder of their useful and upright lives and 
 reared their family of eleven children ; and there also, 
 they died, the mother in 1857, at the age of sixty years, 
 and the father in 1859, at the age of seventy-two, from 
 injuries received by falling into a well. 
 
 Patrick A. Largey was the last born of their eleven 
 children. He was married in Chicago on the 30th of 
 April. 1877, to Mi§s Lulu Sellers, a native of Cincinnati, 
 daughter of Morris Sellers and his first wife, Amanda 
 (Patterson) Sellers. Mr. Sellers is president of the 
 Sellers Manufacturing Company of Chicago, and pre- 
 vious to this connection was for years a successful me- 
 chanical engineer in railway construction. He was a 
 native of Pennsylvania and is descended from one of 
 the colonists who came over with William Penn. Six 
 children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Largey, four of 
 whom are living: Morris Sellers, who having re- 
 
 ceived his education at the University of ^Michigan, is 
 now vice president of the State Savings Bank and is 
 prominently identified with the business life of the city 
 of Butte, where he makes his home ; Lulu, who is now 
 
 the wife of Frank C. iMcGinn, of Omaha, Nebraska; 
 Edward Creighton, who is mentioned elsewhere in this 
 work, and Mary Alontana, who was born the year of 
 Montana’s admission to the dignity of statehood, August 
 24, 1889, now Mrs. R. G. iMacDonald of Butte. The 
 two children who have passed away were Grace Helen, 
 who died in 1879, and Blanche, whose death occurred 
 in childhood. About 1879 Mr. Largey built what was 
 the second brick residence in Butte, on the northwest 
 corner of Broadway and Washington streets, and was 
 where his home was always made. In 1893 he remodeled 
 the house, adding a second story. It was in this original 
 house, the first telegraph office in Butte was located. 
 
 The sensational and tragic event which ended Mr. 
 Largey’s life occurred on the nth of January, 1898. 
 On that day he was deliberately shot in his bank by 
 an irresponsible miner, named Riley, who cherished 
 an imaginary grievance until it became a mania with 
 him. Three years before he had been injured in an 
 explosion in an enterprise in which Mr. Largey was a 
 stockholder. For several days prior to his desperate 
 deed he haunted the bank and was always received and 
 treated^ with kindness by Mr. Largey, who frequently 
 gave him liberal financial assistance. 
 
 When he was thus assassinated, Mr. Largey was in 
 his full manhood and vigor, and both the time and the 
 method of his death, at the height of his usefulness, 
 gave the whole Northwest a great shock and excited 
 universal lamentation. He was an inspiration to Mon- 
 tana, and an especially valuable man in his own com- 
 munity. With a genius for affairs of magnitude and 
 the enterprise and ability- to conduct them to success, 
 he was a great power in the development and progress 
 of the state. Sunny in disposition, captivating in man- 
 ner, entertaining in conversation by reason of wealth 
 of wisdom and facility of expression, and charitable to 
 the last degree, he was one of the most useful and 
 popular men in the state. He was the life of any party 
 of_ which he was a member, having a great fund of wit. 
 His attitude toward any public or private duty was 
 one that few people consistently carry out, for he never 
 shirked a duty were it one owing to his town or state 
 or to the great Northwest as a whole. 
 
 The Butte Daily Inter-Mountain, in commenting edi- 
 torially upon his untimely death, said: “P. A. Largey 
 
 was one of the foremost citizens of the state, and for 
 twenty years has been a leading and influential citizen 
 of Butte. His money is invested in a score of enter- 
 prises for the upbuilding of the commonwealth. In 
 Madison and Jefferson counties he had profitable inter- 
 ests. In Silver Bow he has been merchant and miner 
 on a large scale. As president of the State Savings 
 Bank, he was prominent in financial circles, being rec- 
 ognized as a conservative, honorable and able financier, 
 and personally he was a very rich man. His estate 
 will figure over a million dollars, the Speculator (copper 
 mine) alone having yielded him a very large fortune. 
 As a man, as a husband, a father and a citizen, Patrick 
 A. Largey stood high. A better hearted man never 
 lived. He was devoted to his family and his friends. 
 He was public spirited and liberal to a fault. His 
 quiet humor endeared him to ever^ffiody. He had op- 
 ponents but they were not his enemies ; he had business 
 .differences with others, but he always thought he was 
 right in his convictions.” Mr. Largey, as has been said, 
 left a large estate, an estate that reflected his business 
 foresight and excellent judgment in the subsequent in- 
 crease in value. He owned much real estate and valuable 
 mining properties. The Speculator, a large dividend 
 payer, and the Center Star at Rossland, British Colum- 
 bia, being among the most valuable. Mr. Largey con- 
 tributed liberally to charity, and all public movements 
 had his cordial and substantial support, practices that 
 have been continued by the famih- — a chapel for St. 
 James Hospital, large contributions for the construction 
 of the Church of the Sacred Heart at Butte, together 
 with substantial aid to churches in other cities, as well 
 
974 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 as provision for the education, both academical and 
 technical, of many a youth of promise, the child of 
 poor but worthy parents, — benefactions bountiful and 
 far-reaching in character, but unostentatiously given. 
 
 Charles Henry Austin, rancher and financier, is 
 one of the most prominent men in Cascade county. 
 His operations have been on a large and generous 
 scale, and he has built up a business that long since 
 placed him in the front ranks of western ranchmen. 
 In addition to his interests in that direction, he has 
 become connected with practically all the big indus- 
 trial and financial concerns in the town of Cascade, 
 in many instances being the prime mover in the 
 organizations, and in all of them holding large and 
 responsible positions, well suited to his splendid ability 
 and business acumen. Beginning in the west with 
 no capital beyond his magnificent brain and his dom- 
 inant will and unalterable strength of purpose, Mr. 
 .\ustin has left his mark upon every avenue of indus- 
 try that has aided in the development of his state, and 
 is justly recognized as a leader among his fellow men. 
 
 Born in Burlington, Vermont, February 6, 1844, 
 Charles Henry Austin is the son of William and Eliza- 
 beth (Harrington) Austin, both natives of the Green 
 .Mountain State. The father was a merchant tailor 
 in his native city and there passed his life, his death 
 occurring in July, 1844. The mother died in Burling- 
 ton in 1902 at the advanced age of eighty-three years. 
 Five children were born to them, all sons, of which 
 number Charles Henry was the youngest. He was 
 educated in the public schools of Burlington to the 
 age of fifteen years, and his first employment was on 
 a neighboring farm, where he worked to the age of 
 eighteen years. When the war broke out he promptly 
 enlisted for nine months in Company C of the Twelfth 
 Vermont Volunteers and served eleven months. He 
 saw much active service in that time, participating 
 in the battle of Gettysburg, and a number of other 
 engagements of somewhat less importance. ,A.fter his 
 term of service had e.xpired, he, with a friend, went to 
 San b'rancisco, and a little later went to Austin, Ne- 
 vada, where he worked in the mines for twenty-two 
 months. J^'rom there he went to Montana, going 
 overland with a team as far as Salt Lake, there he 
 bought a saddle horse and packed him and with two 
 other men led him to Montana. He left Austin on 
 March 20, 1865, and reached Virginia City on May 5th ; 
 he remained there but a short time, going on to Silver 
 Bow and Helena, where he engaged in mining and 
 prospecting. He was thus occupied in that section 
 for two years, when he gave up the uncertainty of 
 mining for the more sure business of ranching, and 
 he located on the Missouri river, eighteen miles from 
 Helena. His first small venture in that business was 
 sufficiently successful to show him that there was a 
 splendid future for him in the ranching business, and 
 he has continued in it ever since, broadening out and 
 expanding his interests with the passing of the years 
 until today he is acknowledged one of the most im- 
 portant ranchers in the state. He remained at Craig 
 for two years and in 1870 removed to Lewis and Clark 
 county, about four miles out of Cascade. In 1882 he 
 moved to Chestnut valley. Cascade county, and he has’ 
 ranched there since that time. 
 
 In 1909 Mr. Austin assisted in organizing the First 
 State Bank of Cascade and was elected president of 
 that institution. Fie is also president of the Cascade 
 Land & Live Stock Company, a large and prosperous 
 concern which operates over nine thousand acres of 
 land. In 1891 Mr. Austin established the Cascade 
 Mercantile Company, of which concern he is the presi- 
 dent, and he is also the president of the Cascade 
 Realty Company. He is one of the organizers of the 
 Cascade Milling Company and is a member of its 
 directorate, and is vice president of the Home Lum- 
 
 ber Company, as well as being actively identified with 
 most of the industrial and financial concerns of any 
 standing in Cascade. On the live stock company 
 ranch of Mr. .A.ustin he has a herd of more than 
 a thousand head of cattle and more than one hundred 
 horses. 
 
 The phenomenal success of Mr. Austin is directly 
 attributable to his own splendid ability and good man- 
 agement. He was practically penniless when he came 
 to Montana and his early e.xperiences in the west 
 were marked by severest hardships and privations. 
 Fie slept for weeks without the shelter of a tent in 
 the mining regions, wrapped in a blanket and lying 
 on the snow-covered ground. Mere hardships, how- 
 ever, were insufficient to quench the fires of persistence, 
 and the ultimate course of his life has amply demon- 
 strated the remarkable character of the man. 
 
 Mr. Austin is a Republican in politics, but takes no 
 active part in the political affairs of his county, being 
 busily engaged in the management of his own affairs. 
 He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows, affiliating with Rainbow Lodge No. 28 at 
 Great Falls, and he and his family are members of 
 the First Methodist church at Great Falls. 
 
 On F'ebruary 10, 1876, Mr. Austin was married to 
 Sarah E. Hough, daughter of Joseph Hough, a native 
 of New York state. Four children were born of their 
 union, — one son and three daughters. Gertrude P., 
 who became the wife of John Oliver, is now deceased. 
 William FL, the only son, died on February i, 1912, 
 at the age of twenty-six years. Fle was married to 
 Ethel Christenson, and lived at the ranch of which he 
 was manager. The remaining daughters Ruth and 
 Mary Joyce, still share the parental home at 800 Fifth 
 avenue. North, at Great Falls. 
 
 Edward H. Cooney. One of the pioneers of the state 
 of Montana, and one who from childhood has seen the 
 wonderful growth of the great Treasure state, is Ed- 
 ward H. Cooney, subject of the present sketch and a 
 resident of the city of Great Falls. Born at Fort At- 
 kinson, Iowa, February 14, 1865, son of Thomas and 
 Maria A. Cooney, he reached Alder Gulch, Montana, 
 the following July and can truthfully be said to be a 
 native son. 
 
 Mr. Cooney was educated at various places in the 
 district schools of Montana and completed his school- 
 ing in the Helena high school in 1883. During the 
 time he was attending school, and afterward, he was 
 associated with his father in the cattle business but later 
 settled in Wickes, Montana, where he embarked in busi- 
 ness on bis own account, subsequently he removed to 
 Butte where he engaged in newspaper work. 
 
 In i8g6 Mr. Cooney came to dreat Falls as repre- 
 sentative of the Anaconda Standard, continuing in this 
 capacity for three years, when he resigned his position 
 to become city editor of the Great Falls Leader, of 
 which he later became editor and owner. Mr. Cooney, 
 Charles M. Webster and J. W. Freeman purchased the 
 newspaper plant and conducted it as a co-partnership for 
 several years, Mr. Webster and Mr. Freeman selling 
 their interests in 1906 to LI. B. Mitchell and F. M. 
 Tenny ; Mr. Cooney still retains his interest in this 
 business and is president of the Leader Publishin<r 
 Company. 
 
 Mr. Ciooney filled the office of manager and active 
 editor until 1907 when, under the Roosevelt adminis- 
 tration, he was called to the position of postmaster 
 of Great Falls, being reappointed by President Taft. 
 Mr. Cooney was in the first state legislature of Mon- 
 tana from Jefferson county; in 1898 he was elected 
 a inember of that body from Cascade county; he was 
 also a member of the school board and trustee for 
 Great Falls for ten years; he is president of th** 
 Northern Montana Fair Association and president of 
 the State Press Association. At the last Republican 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 975 
 
 state convention of Montana, held in Great Falls, Sep- 
 tember, 1912, he was defeated by a narrow margin 
 for the nomination for governor of Montana. 
 
 Although his business and official interests have de- 
 manded the major portion of his time and attention, 
 Mr. Cooney has not denied himself the pleasure of com- 
 panionship with his fellowmen and is counted one of 
 the cleverest after dinner speakers and all round orators 
 of the state. He is widely and popularly known in 
 fraternal circles as well, belonging to Cascade Blue 
 Lodge No. 34, A. F. & A. M., Great Falls Chapter No. 9, 
 Black Eagle Commandery No. 8, of which he is past 
 eminent commander ; and the Red Cross of Constantine. 
 He is also connected with the Woodmen of the World; 
 has been state treasurer of the Elks for three terms, 
 and is past exalted ruler and grand representative of 
 Great Falls Lodge No. 214, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On November 17, 1890, Mr. Cooney married Miss 
 Georgia Day, daughter of George W. Day, a pioneer 
 settler of Minneapolis where he was the pioneer lum- 
 ber manufacturer and the first man to establish a flour 
 mill at the falls of St. Anthony. Mr. and Mrs. Cooney 
 have had three children, one of whom died in infancy; 
 Eugene B., the first born, met an accidental death by 
 drowning in 1905 when fourteen years of age, and 
 Louise, born at Butte, passed away at Boulder, Mon- 
 tana, when she was sixteen years old. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Cooney are general social favorites, and their home at 
 226 Third avenue North is a center of quiet refinement. 
 
 Henry Bose was born on the sea coast of Germany 
 and came to Montana in the spring of 1865. The year 
 previous to his coming to Montana was spent in Cali- 
 fornia, where he was employed in a grocery store in 
 San Francisco. Mr. Bose liked California and would 
 no doubt have remained there had he not been advised 
 by the doctor to go to a higher altitude and rough it, 
 this being the only tonic that would help him, he being 
 sickly. 
 
 Now, early in 1865 the big stampede to the Big Bend 
 mines and the Blackfoot placer mines in the newly 
 created territory of Montana was causing quite an ex- 
 citement in San Francisco. Mr. Bose and another young 
 fellow made up their minds to “Embark for the Land 
 of Gold.” They left San Francisco by steamer for 
 Portland. After staying there a while they got a boat 
 to The Dalles, where all the miners and prospectors 
 got their outfits and horses. They bought horses, 
 saddles and packs as well as their grub, blankets and 
 all necessary tools for their trip and for prospecting. 
 1 he Dalles at that time was a very busy place, horses, 
 saddles, as well as pack-saddles, chaparejos, ropes and 
 cinches, all were expensive. They had a riding horse 
 each and two pack-horses with lots of good grub, for 
 they had heard provisions were very dear in Montana. 
 They had good warm blankets and every necessity, but 
 no luxuries like tents, dutch ovens or other comforts 
 for the trail. 
 
 They started and came on the old Mullen trail. It 
 rained a great deal and the roads were bad, and Mr. 
 Bose experienced the hardships of his life on this trip, 
 being a weak consumptive and the cold and wet was 
 hard on his cough. When they reached Little Spokane 
 they found that the Mullen road by way of Coeur 
 d’ Alene mission was not passable and had to come the 
 old Kootenai trail north of Pend d'Oreille lake and 
 over Cabinet mountain. They lost two horses and were 
 glad when they were able to lay in some supplies at the 
 old Warden & Higgens store at Old Hellgate. 
 
 They took in the first stampede in Flint Creek and 
 each recorded a claim there, and as their money was 
 ^ 30 ut gone they concluded they had better go to Last 
 Chance Gulch, get something to do and earn some 
 money with which to open their claims. On the trip 
 to Last Chance on Green Horn Gulch, between Black- 
 foot and Helena, Bose sold his last horse for $45.00 
 
 and with this money together with a little he had 
 brought with him he bought a half interest in a sack 
 of flour. However, they both found work in Last 
 Chance Gulch, and built a cabin. Mr. Bose continued 
 sleeping in the open and began to get better rapidly 
 in the Montana climate. Mr. Bose was soon able to buy 
 a horse again, and with a good saddle horse he was in- 
 dependent and soon got acquainted in the good, jolly, 
 sociable set of fellows that managed to blow in about 
 all they made. The following is one of Mr. Bose’s 
 reminiscences of the early days in Last Chance Gulch : 
 “Late in the fall of 1865, he and his partner had a small 
 cabin way up on Bridge street, a log cabin with no glass 
 window, a flour sack nailed across an aperture taking 
 its place. They both had been down to D. Flowerree’s 
 in the evening and as they went to Mather & Crackers 
 billiard hall, his partner said to him : T guess there’s 
 going to be a necktie party tonight.’ He had to ask 
 his partner for an explanation. They stayed up until 
 about ten or eleven o’clock and went to their cabin and 
 turned in. They both worked hard and went to sleep 
 at once. They had not slept very long when they heard 
 a terrible noise in the street. Some fellow was begging 
 for his life. They both got up. Mr. Bose wanted to 
 light a candle, but his partner, who was older and mor<= 
 experienced stopped him. They were compellea to 
 listen to the fellow’s pleadings until they died away in 
 the distance. This was a new experience to Mr. Bose 
 and was nerve-racking to say the least. The next morn- 
 ing, as they went to their work in Dry Gulch, they could 
 see on the old pine tree near Belenburg’s slaughter 
 house a man hanging on a long rope. This explained 
 the necktie party his partner spoke to him about the 
 evening before.” 
 
 He followed the life of a placer miner until 1872 when 
 placer mining seemed to have ended and the great 
 Montana territory began to be depopulated. The Black 
 Hill excitement took a great many away and the re- 
 mainder went to Cedar Creek. He somehow strayed 
 up to Fort Benton, the gate city, where all supplies 
 had to come from at that time. It superseded the times 
 of ’65 when everything had to come in by pack train 
 from Walla Walla, The'Dalles or Salt Lake City. 
 
 Fort Benton was then the great Mecca, a lively place. 
 Sometimes in the spring, as many as five large Missouri 
 river steamers were at Benton at one time, some load- 
 ing and some unloading. He got work as a general 
 roustabout with a large mercantile firm by the name 
 of I. G. Baker Co. The work consisted of baling and 
 assorting furs and buffalo hides. After a while he hired, 
 out to a Frenchman named Gerard who kept a trading 
 post at Fort Berthold down the river. He left Fort 
 Benton on the steamer, Nellie Peck, and had an inter- 
 esting trip. When the boat landed at Fort Peck to load 
 on some fur they were prevented from landing by old 
 “Sitting Bull’s’’ band, Hun Ke Pau Poo, Sioux Indians. 
 Capt. Grand Marsh and Doc Terry had to go ashore, 
 and after a long pow wow and several barrels of 
 crackers, syrup and sacks of bacon had been sent ashore, 
 they' were finally allowed to handle the bales of fur to 
 the boat. On that trip the steamer tied up near the 
 mouth of the Musselshell to let a herd of buffalo cross 
 the Missouri river. They only went as far as Fort 
 Rice, where Mr. Gerard had some ponies and a lot of 
 fur cached and had to bring it north to Fort Berthold. 
 This was a time that the Crees, Mandans, and Blackfoot 
 Indians were at war with the Sioux and on account of 
 it the government built Fort Abraham Lincoln at the 
 mouth of Apple creek. On that trip they met General 
 Custer in his long flowing white curls and in command 
 of the _7th Regiment of Lk S. Cavalry. They had a very- 
 hard time getting back to Berthold, having to travel at 
 night and hide themselves in the daytime, but finally- 
 got home without losing a man. He remained there 
 a while but it was too dull for him. He again made 
 for Benton, traveling overland through old “Sitting 
 
97 () 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Bull’s” domain. Upon arriving at Benton he got a 
 position with the cattle outfit headed for all the North 
 British posts. Starting in at Bella river they delivered 
 cattle at each post. Going by way of Hoop Up they 
 traveled all along the Saskatchewan river, stopping at 
 Battleford, Prince Albert, old Cou Appelle, and 
 finally the tail end of their drive was completed at old 
 Fort Geary, Manitoba, in 1872. They did some travel- 
 ing. He stayed in the British possessions seventeen 
 years and a better, fairer and more honorable people 
 he never found in all his travels. Pie married a Cana- 
 dian girl and three of his children were born in Mani- 
 toba. Pie spent some of his most pleasant and happy 
 hours in old Rupert’s Land. He returned to Montana 
 off ’and on, but finally in 1891 came to the Flathead and 
 settled in Kalispell. 
 
 WiNTHROP Raymond. The sudden death on the third 
 of September, 1912, of Winthrop Raymond, of Sheri- 
 dan, Montana, has taken from us one of the best known 
 and most beloved of the old pioneers of the state of 
 Montana. There is hardly a phase of the industrial and 
 business life of Madison county with which he was not 
 intimately connected at some point in his career, and in 
 all of his enterprises he showed that indomitable spirit, 
 that unswerving honesty and frankness that have char- 
 acterized the pioneers of the West from the earliest 
 years. He is well known and will be long remembered 
 l)y lovers of good horse flesh as the owner of a ranch 
 which bears the reputation of having shipped from its 
 borders many of the finest horses ever raised in the state 
 of Montana. He was perhaps best known, however, as 
 the founder of the flourishing little town of Sheridan, 
 which he himself platted in 1890. Although he had 
 retired from active business before his death, Mr. Ray- 
 mond never ceased to take a deep interest in any matter 
 affecting this town, where he made his home, and he 
 was ever ready to aid in any project which had the 
 advancement of the city as its end. Aside from the 
 personal grief that the citizens of Sheridan must feel, 
 there is also the sorrow for the loss of a public bene- 
 factor and friend. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, was the birthplace of Winthrop Ray- 
 mond, the date of his birth being the 22d of October, 
 1847. FI is father, who was Daniel F. Raymond, was 
 born in Connecticut in 1786. He was a man of great 
 gifts and of powerful intellect. He was a lawyer by 
 profession and was a brilliant member of the bar, his 
 activity in political circles also giving him prominence 
 in the circle of men who were making the history of 
 his times. He was noted for his literary ability, and 
 wrote the first book on political economy published in 
 this country. He also was the man who originated the 
 idea of a national banking currency. He did not live in 
 the state where he was born for very many years, most 
 of his life being spent in Maryland, and the years imme- 
 diately preceding his death in the state of Ohio. Here 
 he died in 1849, at the age of sixty-one years, and he 
 now lies buried in Cincinnati. He married Delilah Mat- 
 lick, in Virginia, in 1837. Flis wife was a native of the 
 Old Dominion, being a member of one of the oldest 
 Virginia families, and it is easy to be seen whence 
 came some of that courage and pioneer spirit that ani- 
 mated the soul of Winthrop Raymond, for after her 
 husband’s death she not only raised her large family, 
 but finally came across the plains to Montana. She died 
 at Belmont Park, Montana, in 1896, at the age of eighty- 
 three, and is buried in Virginia City. Winthrop Ray- 
 mond was the youngest of six children, and of these 
 one only survives, Mrs. Sarah Herndon, who is living 
 in Virginia City. 
 
 Shortly after the death of his father, which occurred 
 when young Winthrop was about four years old, his 
 mother moved with her family to Missouri, and there 
 the lad grew up. About fourteen years of his life were 
 spent here, and here he received his education. When 
 
 he was eighteen he, together with his mother and broth- 
 ers and sisters, started for the West, coming directly 
 across the plains to Montana, and reaching Virginia 
 City on September 7, 1865. Since that time he lived 
 until his death in Madison county, and contributed in 
 every imaginable way to its growth. As a boy he was 
 as fearless and intrepid as he was when a man, and he 
 soon found work, in the rapidly growing mining camps 
 of Alder Gulch, hauling wood and rock in and about 
 Virginia City. He carried many a stone which is now a 
 part of the buildings of the older section of Virginia 
 City, which was then a vigorous mining camp. Later on 
 he took a contract for the erection of the quartz mill at 
 Summit, in Alder Gulch, and after this had been com- 
 pleted he, in company with his brother, Hillhouse, suc- 
 cessfully engaged for several years in the freighting 
 business, their route lying across the mountains and 
 plains between Summit, Montana, and Corinne, Utah. 
 
 In 1870 Mr. Raymond engaged in a wholesale mercan- 
 tile business in Virginia City, going into the business on 
 a larger scale than most men would have dared to try 
 in a new country, but Mr. Raymond’s faith was fully 
 justified, and for many years lie and his brother were 
 the big wholesale grocers of Virginia City. In 1880 the 
 mercantile business was disposed of and the brothers 
 turned their attention to ranching and stock raising, an 
 industry in which they had been interested since 1876. 
 
 It was in this year that Mr. Raymond’s brother went 
 to Kentucky and there bought a hundred head of the 
 finest standard bred horses he could find and these 
 horses laid the foundation of the famous Belmont park 
 ranch stock. The ranch itself consisted of nearly six 
 thousand acres of the best land in the section, all under 
 fence, and from this ranch, which was started by Mr. 
 Raymond and his brother, have been shipped such fa- 
 mous horses as Belmont and Tempest, and many others 
 of their high standard. In 1889 Mr. Raymond engaged 
 in the banking business in Virginia City, as one of the 
 firm of Raymond, Harrington & Company, selling his 
 interest in 1888 to Amos Hall. He continued to loan 
 money and lend his aid to the promotion of new enter- 
 prises until 1889, when he purchased the Bateman ranch, 
 and in 1890 platted the townsite of Sheridan and placed 
 the lots upon the market. Mr. Raymond was a mem- 
 ber of the Society of Montana Pioneers, the Sons of 
 the American Revolution, and the Benevolent, Protec- I 
 tive Order of Elks. 
 
 Mr. Raymond was married in Omaha, Nebraska, on i 
 the 28th of February, 1876, to Hanna E. Bateman, a 
 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Bateman, of Montana. 1 
 Four children were born of this union, one boy and 
 three girls. The eldest of these, Carrie B.. is living at 
 home. Daniel W. is married and lives at Helena, Mon- 1 
 tana, where he holds the position of secretary of the 
 state board of stock commissioners. The two younger ' 
 girls, Delilah E. and Mary, are both at home. He had 
 one grandson, Winthrop Hillhouse. j 
 
 The suddenness of Mr. Raymond’s death came as a 
 blow to the whole community, for he had been walking 
 about the town the day before. He died during the 
 night peacefully, his death being caused by heart trouble. 
 
 On the following Thursday, September 5, 1912, the fu- j 
 neral was held, the archdeacon, S. D. Hooker, of Helena, 
 conducting the services according to the beautiful ritual I 
 of the Episcopal church. The great number of friends I 
 who followed the body to its last resting place in Sheri- j 
 dan cemetery were mute witnesses_ to the love and re- 
 gard everywhere felt for the old pioneer. 
 
 The Sheridan Forum for September the fifth, prints j 
 as their leading editorial an appreciation of Winthrop 
 Raymond, from which the following is taken : “His life 
 work was not attended by the trumpets’ blare, but 
 quietly and unostentatiously he went about what he had 
 to do with a forcefulness that was successfully effective. 
 
 His financial undertakings were carried on with integrity 
 and with a keen eye to good business that won him the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 977 
 
 respect and admiration of his contemporaries. Of his 
 good deeds we have no chronicle except as they are 
 lovingly written in the hearts of the many he has aided. 
 Widely known in Montana and affectionately respected, 
 it was considered a privilege to grasp the hand of kind 
 and genial ‘Wint’ Raymond. He was a pioneer in the 
 fullest sense of the word, for he spent his energies in 
 the building of the new commonwealth, as well as in 
 the building of his private fortune.” 
 
 The following extract is taken from the memorial pre- 
 pared by the Society of the Pioneers of Montana, who 
 knew and appreciated as no one else could the true 
 value of Mr. Raymond’s life and work: “Mr. Raymond 
 came to Montana as a boy; young he was as the country 
 itself, and he grew to manhood’s estate, and increased in 
 civic strength and righteousness, just as the young state 
 grew in those things which have made Montana the 
 proud commonwealth of today. Public spirited, loyal 
 and generous, his pride in his town, his country and his 
 state, was only exceeded by his tender love and devo- 
 tion to his friends and family. Respected and trusted 
 by all, loved by those who knew him best, his is a 
 heritage rare and precious beyond price. Winthrop Ray- 
 mond never dissembled; he was for or against; you 
 could always find him on one side or the other, fighting 
 for his convictions; policy was not his course; brusque, 
 plain spoken, honest and frank; yet, with all consider- 
 ing other men’s feelings and beliefs, he went his way and 
 lived his life, satisfied to do justice to all mankind, and 
 enjoying the good-will of his fellow men. His name 
 will long be associated with the early history of this sec- 
 tion; his memory will linger in the minds of all.” 
 
 How firm was his belief and faith in Montana is shown 
 by the following remark which he made shortly before 
 his death: “Montana to me is one of the great promis- 
 ing states of the future, with her mineral and agricul- 
 tural wealth, her stock raising and other resources. She 
 will eventually take the lead over all and will come to 
 the front.” 
 
 William Tecumseh Sweet. Ohio has contributed 
 many fine men to the building of the great west, and 
 Montana has received her share of that excellent type 
 of American citizenship — the Buckeye. For none' of 
 them should this part of the state be more grateful than 
 for William Tecumseh Sweet, who, a veteran of the 
 Civil war, came to Montana in 1866, and has spent many 
 years successfuly engaged in ranching. He now holds 
 the office of clerk of court for the fifth judicial dis- 
 trict and is a wonderfully popular incumbent of the 
 same. 
 
 Mr. Sweet was born in Webster, a suburb of Ports- 
 mouth, Ohio, August 27. 1836. There he passed his 
 boyhood and youth, his life being happily uneventful 
 until the outbreak of the Civil war. On June 10, 1862, 
 he enlisted in Company B of the Eighty-seventh Ohio 
 Infantry, and thereupon entered upon a varied and 
 thrilling military career. In September of the same 
 year he was taken prisoner at Harper’s Ferry, but was 
 paroled on the field. Stonewall Jackson was the Con- 
 federate general upon that occasion. On parole Mr. 
 Sweet came home and stayed two weeks and then went 
 to Cincinnati, where he enlisted in the navy on the gun- 
 boat Gazelle, commanded by Captain Thatcher. He 
 shipped to Cairo, Illinois, from Cincinnati, and then 
 started with the intention of joining the Gulf Squadron, 
 but the vessel failed to pass inspection at New Orleans 
 and so lay there all winter. In the spring Mr. Sweet 
 joined the Red River expedition, and subsequently re- 
 turned on the Mississippi and was stationed on that 
 river on patrol duty until the expiration of the term 
 of his enlistment. However, he only shipped for one 
 year, but _he_ served sixteen months. He was sent to 
 Cairo, Illinois, and there paid off and then returned 
 to the home town of Webster, where after a stay of 
 ten days he re-enlisted, this time as a member of Com- 
 
 pany F of the One Hundred and Ninety-second Ohio 
 Regiment, and served in this connection until the close 
 of the war, becoming second duty sergeant. His com- 
 mander was Colonel Butterfield. Mr. Sweet was dis- 
 charged at Winchester, Virginia, and then came home 
 and remained in the home circle, taking up the happy 
 old ties, until March 4, 1866. 
 
 That date marks the first identification of the subject 
 of this review with Montana. On June 12 he located at 
 Helena and engaged in the business of manufacturing 
 charcoal, which he followed for four months, accumu- 
 lating a tidy sum of money. Believing that he would 
 enjoy the free life of the plains, he then went to Jeffer- 
 son county and entered into ranching and stock- 
 raising, about eight miles out from Boulder. He con- 
 tinued this for a year and then entered mercantile 
 business at Boulder, which he followed for eight years, 
 subsequently selling out and again going into the ranch- 
 ing business, which he has followed more or less ever 
 since. 
 
 Mr. Sweet is assuredly of the right material for 
 public office, being steadfast in duty, faithful and in- 
 telligent, and the people feel safe in intrusting him with 
 any public duty. He was justice of the peace for 
 twenty years, and is now clerk of court of the fifth 
 judicial district, serving his first term in that capacity. 
 It is an open secret that Mr. Sweet can hold this office 
 as long as he wishes. 
 
 In glancing at Mr. Sweet’s early life, the fact becomes 
 apparent that his educational opportunities were lim- 
 ited, for circumstances were such that he was able to 
 attend only two or three years in the district schools 
 of Scioto county, Ohio. However, he has since re- 
 paired this deficiency in very definite fashion by read- 
 ing good books and assimilating the culture of the 
 people with whom he associated. No one could be 
 more truly a self-made and self-educated man. His 
 first adventure in a wage-earning capacity was as a 
 helper to John Richard, of Bloom township, Scioto 
 county, for whom he worked for five years at six 
 dollars and a quarter a month. And, niirabile dictu in 
 this day of extravagance and high living, he saved a 
 bank account out of this lordly stipend. 
 
 Mr. Sweet w^as married in Boulder, March 9, 1869, 
 to Emma lola Cook, daughter of Captain Hiram and 
 Mary E. Cook, and wdio was born in Kalamazoo, jMich- 
 igan. The death of this admirable woman occurred in 
 Boulder on March 4, 1897, at the age of forty-seven 
 years. Her father was a veteran of the Civil war, 
 serving in a Michigan regiment, enlisting as a private 
 and coming out a captain. His business was that of a 
 carpenter and contractor. The maiden name of the 
 mother was Mary E. Vinig, and she w'as a school 
 teacher previous to her marriage to the captain. Both 
 of these good people are deceased long since, their re- 
 mains being interred in the cemetery at Boulder. 
 
 The union of Mr. and Mrs. Sweet was blessed by 
 the birth of eight sons and daughters, the number be- 
 ing equally divided as to sex and the good and useful 
 citizenship to which they have attained must be indeed 
 gratifying to the subject. The names of the children 
 are as follows: Nellie Bly, Chester Weed, Ralph Waldo, 
 Blanche Emma, May Elizabeth, William Tecumseh, 
 Shelby Cook and Kittle Louise. Two of the daughters 
 are deceased, namely: Nellie Bly and Blanche Emma, 
 and all that is mortal of them rests beside their beloved 
 mother. All the others are e.xcellently fixed in life. 
 Ralph Waldo is the owner of valuable mining interests 
 in Mexico ; May Elizabeth Sweet is her father's chief 
 deputy and she has his unqualified recommendation 
 that she is the best in the business ; Chester Weed is 
 manager of the Bozeman Mining Company, of Boze- 
 man, Montana; William Tecumseh has held the office 
 of manager of the Ryan-Virden Produce Company at 
 Butte for the past eight years ; Shelby Cook is engineer 
 for the Royal Milling Company at Kalispell, Montana, 
 
978 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Joseph N. Sweet, father of our subject, was born in 
 Lexington, Kentucky, and died at Webster, Ohio, at 
 the advanced age of eighty-four years. For fifty years 
 he was in the ministry of the Baptist church, a position 
 involving much opportunity to do good and little to 
 acquire riches. His wife, whose maiden name was 
 Mary Popejoy, was born at Sinking Springs, Ohio, and 
 lived to the age of seventy-nine years, her demise oc- 
 curring at Webster. The father was a soldier in the 
 War of 1812. 
 
 Mr. Sweet is a communicant of the Episcopal church, 
 taking an active part in its good works. Pie is very 
 prominent in Masonic circles, and has the distinction 
 of Iteing the first man to be made a Mason in Jefferson 
 county, his initiation being at Radersburg, the county 
 seat at that time. He has since filled nearly every office 
 in the lodge. He is very fond of hunting and fishing 
 and engages in these sports whenever opportunity pre- 
 sents. He is a stanch Democrat, and is of influence in 
 the councils of the local Democratic party. He was 
 the youngest of four boys in his father’s family, all 
 Democrats in political faith, but Mr. Sweet nevertheless 
 cast his first presidential vote for Lincoln and he re- 
 gards this as the pleasantest political incident of his life. 
 Mr. Sweet belongs to the best type of American citizen- 
 ship and than this no higher praise can be given. 
 
 George W. Wakefield. While transmitting to poster- 
 ity the memory of such men as the subject of this sketch, 
 it will instill in the minds of our children the important 
 lesson that honor and station are the sure reward of 
 continual exertion, that success is seldom denied those 
 whose lives have been filled with honest industry, and 
 that those who labor energetically in their younger years 
 may spend the evening of life in comfortable retirement. 
 
 Mr. Wakefield was born in the city of Bangor, Penob- 
 scot county, Maine, October 15, 1833, and is a son of 
 Benjamin and Betsy Wakefield, natives of Maine. His 
 father, a contractor and builder by occupation, was a 
 prominent Whig politician of his day, and served in 
 the state legislature. His death occurred in his eighty- 
 sixth year. Of his four children, George W. is the only 
 survivor. 
 
 George W. Wakefield attended the public schools of 
 his native place, and when but twelve years of age se- 
 cured his first employment in the old Stetson Hotel in 
 Bangor. After working therein for about six months, 
 he went to Lincoln, Maine, in charge of horses, and later 
 at Bangor, learned the trade of blacksmith in the shop of 
 John Wingate. He also for some time was engaged in 
 painting, and for one winter was engaged with his 
 brothers in freighting between Bangor and Aroostock, 
 Maine, but in the fall of 1853 he married at Bangor and 
 left home for St. Anthony (now East Minneapolis), 
 Minnesota, becoming superintendent of the teaming busi- 
 ness of D. Morrison. In the fall of 1858 he went across 
 the country from St. Paul, to Fort Geary, Red River of 
 the North, remaining there but a short time. He left 
 Fort Geary in January, 1859, making the return trip of 
 five hundred miles alone with a team of three dogs. 
 
 During the excitement over the discovery of gold in 
 i860 at Pike’s Peak, Mr. Wakefield went overland with 
 a mule team, and continued on to California Gulch and 
 into New Mexico, spending the greater part of his time 
 in prospecting and mining, bur eventually returned to 
 Colorado. In the spring of 1861 he made the journey 
 overland to San Francisco, California, with a four mule 
 team, there taking the steamer Sierra Nevada for the 
 Frazier river country, and during the winter of 1861 he 
 worked at blacksmithing in Oregon. In the spring of 
 1862 he went up the Columbia river to the Florence 
 mine, returning by way of Lewiston, Idaho, on the Sal- 
 mon river and Clearwater. 
 
 About this time with six other men with their camp- 
 ing outfit and at what is now known as Spokane all their 
 stock was stolen by Indians and they were -left afoot. 
 
 They were on their way to Alder Gulch, now Virginia 
 City. After looking in vain for their stock they con- 
 cluded to go to war with the Indians, but about this time 
 an old Indian came into their camp for something to 
 eat, the white men showed him some silver money and 
 told him he should have it if he got their horses for them 
 and in a short time he returned with the horses, and 
 thereby was the means of avoiding considerable trouble. 
 
 From here he went to the old mining camp at Orifino, 
 Idaho, returning Jo Lewiston, Idaho, he spent about 
 one-half of the winter there, and then started out with 
 a pack outfit and horses over the mountains, arriving in 
 Alder Gulch, Idaho, now Montana, in the spring of 
 1863. He was engaged in prospecting and mining until 
 the fall of 1864, when he returned to St. Anthony, Min- 
 nesota, and in the spring of 1865 left again for Montana 
 with his wife, in a two-horse spring wagon. The several 
 wagons in the outfit crossed the North Platte river at 
 the regular crossing near Sage creek, after which Mr. 
 Wakefield, being impatient to complete the journey, 
 drove ahead of the other wagons until he came up with 
 an outfit that had been robbed of its horses and two of 
 its men killed by the Indians, this inducing him to return 
 to the other wagons for greater safety. 
 
 They continued their journey through Bridger Pass 
 and then on the Soda Butte Station where Mr. Wake- 
 field again left the other wagons behind and hastened 
 on to Rock Station. At this point he again learned of 
 the outrages of the hostile Indians, who had taken the 
 war-path, and was compelled to wait over a day until 
 the rest of the outfit had caught up with him, and they 
 journeyed on to the Laramie river and into Alder Gulch, 
 where they arrived July 4, 1865. 
 
 Subsequently they went to Blackfoot, but in the fall 
 of 1865 Mr. Wakefield returned to within twelve miles 
 of Alder Gulch and the following spring engaged in the 
 dairy business, also establishing a stage station about 
 ten miles from Virginia City during the following winter. 
 In the summer of 1867 he located on a ranch near the 
 Dempsey ranch, but in 1870 he became the owner of 
 the Point of Rocks Station, and also carried on farming 
 during that and the following year. 
 
 In 1872 he removed to Bozeman, Montana, and pur- 
 chased property, engaging in the livery and hotel busi- 
 ness and conducting a stage line between Bozeman and 
 Virginia City. 
 
 Selling out in the spring of 1881 he contracted to fur- 
 nish the Northern Pacific Railroad with one hundred 
 thousand railroad ties on Mill creek, and on the com- 
 pletion of this venture he went to Mammoth Hot 
 Springs. In 1883 he organized the first transportation 
 line for conveying tourists through the Yellowstone Na- 
 tional Park and conducted it with success until 1893. 
 During the year 1892-1893 he opened and managed the 
 new Hotel Bozeman at Bozeman. Montana. 
 
 The latter part of this year he disposed of his inter- 
 ests in Bozeman and the park and engaged in the livery 
 business in Livingston, the following two years he again 
 spent in taking passengers through the National Park. 
 The next four years he was proprietor of the Albemarle 
 Hotel in Livingston. . 
 
 His next enterprise was conducting a farm at Cinna- 
 bar, Montana, and taking passengers through the 
 National Park, but after two years he sold his coaches 
 and ■ horses and returned to Livingston. Although 
 nearly eighty years of age, Mr. Wakefield retains the 
 vitalities of middle life to a remarkable degree, and his 
 mind is even more vigorous than his body, being the 
 marvel of the modern short-lived business men. 
 
 His life has been crowded full of work, and he has 
 always enjoyed the life and opportunities given him. 
 Wealth and friends have been his, and he enjoys all 
 these with no trace of that offensive ostentation that has 
 so often shaded the lives of other men. It is a pleasure 
 to bear testimony to the real worth, and this last testi- 
 mony voices the sentiments of the entire community. 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 979 
 
 Until 1893 Air. Wakefield was a Republican, but since 
 that year has given his support to the candidates of the 
 Democratic party. 
 
 In 1853 Air. Wakefield was married to Miss Alargaret 
 Brittain, who was born at Woodstock, New Brunswick, 
 Canada, and she passed away in 1903, having been the 
 mother of one child, Libbie, the wife of Dr. Samuel F. 
 AVay, of Livingston. 
 
 WiLLi.tM Wesley AIcCall. The life of Mr. AIcCall 
 has been one of varied experience and enterprises, and he 
 has been through almost all the phases of life in a new 
 country. He was born in Alillersburg, Ohio, on No- 
 vember 14, 1845. His father, Thomas McCall, was 
 fifty-three years old at the time of his son’s birth, as 
 he was born in Chesapeake, Alaryland, in the third year 
 of Washington's first administration. The elder Mr. 
 McCall was one who felt the lure of new countries, and 
 when his son was one year old he moved from what 
 was then the middle west section of the land to the far 
 country of Iowa, and in Van Buren county he followed 
 stock raising and farming until the time of his death, 
 which occurred at the age of seventy-two. He now 
 lies at rest in a rural cemetery near the town of Birm- 
 ingham. His wife, Mary Otis AIcCall, was born in 
 Ireland, in 1816. She has been a resident of America 
 since she was one year old, and is now living at Smith 
 Centre, Kansas. 
 
 William Wesley AIcCall received the sturdy training 
 of the farmer's son, first on his father’s farm and later 
 on those of the neighbors. He_ attended school in 
 Birmingham when it was in session, and the rest of 
 the time he farmed. One summer he worked for an 
 Iowan whose name was Timothy Day. His stipend 
 was twenty-five dollars a month, and “harvest wages,” 
 He received one dollar per acre for cutting grain, and 
 through the harvest time he was able to cut four acres 
 a day. That was remarkable for a boy, but Mr. Mc- 
 Call has made a record more than once on “piece 
 work.” At the age of twenty he left home and came 
 to Montana, entering Virginia City on August g, 1866. 
 Here he took up the work wdth which he was most 
 familiar and for two years worked on a ranch at the 
 mouth of Alder Gulch. At the end of that period he 
 bought a place of his own near Silver Star, and for 
 seven years continued in the stock business. In the 
 year 1875 the grasshoppers stripped the fields and left 
 nothing in the w'hole country, so Air. McCall left his 
 ranch and went to Butte, where he engaged in team- 
 ing for various mining companies, including that of W. 
 A. Clark. 
 
 Mr. McCall was married in 1873 to Aliss Celeste 
 Grace Jordan, daughter of Harrison and Catherine 
 Jordan, of Fish Creek. Air. Jordan had come to 
 Iowa from Springfield, Illinois, in 1854. He farmed 
 in or near Pleasantville, Iowa, eight or nine years, re- 
 moving to Alder Gulch, Alontana, where he was en- 
 gaged in the mercantile business, and in 1866 sold out 
 and then was extensively en.gaged in stock raising, 
 dairying and ranching near Fish Creek. Air. AIcCall 
 of this sketch, in 1876 rented his own ranch and moved 
 to Butte and was there for about two years and a. half, 
 and in 1878 rented his father-in-law’s ranch ' on Fish 
 Creek, remainino- there until 1880. In the summer of 
 1876 Airs. AIcCall conducted the Centennial boarding 
 house at Centennial mill, and it was from here that Air. 
 AIcCall hauled cord wood to the mill, a distance of 
 nine miles. He cut, hauled, delivered and put up the 
 wood alone and at that he was able to handle two 
 cords a dav with his one span of horses, thus earnin.g 
 eleven dollars a day. A local paper commenting upon 
 it at the time challenged the countryside to “Beat it 
 if vou can.” 
 
 In 1880 Air. McCall bought the Half-Way House on 
 the Little Pipestone, so called because it stood Just half 
 way betwppn Butte and Silver Star. He ran this hotel 
 
 Vo!. Ti— 9 
 
 for four and a half years and then sold out to Fred 
 Ehrig. He was also postmaster at Grace, named in 
 honor of Airs. AIcCall. In part payment for his hotel 
 he took a quarter section of hay meadow and some 
 other ranch property near Silver Star, and for a time 
 he worked this place. He gave it up to enter the meat 
 business at Silver Star and after a year he branched 
 out in this undertaking and bought the market at Twin 
 Bridges and a little later the Sheridan market, and for 
 two years conducted the three places. 
 
 It was in 1890 that Air. AIcCall came to Whitehall 
 and opened a hotel in the only building in town. The 
 other two structures were tents, one being used by 
 Dad Winkler for a saloon and the other by F. A. 
 Stuart for a residence. The railroad was just build- 
 ing through the town then, and it was not a densely 
 populated settlement. Air. AIcCall conducted his .hotel 
 for two years and then sold out to go into the general 
 merchandise business. In 1892 he sold out his interest 
 in this also and went into the livery business. While 
 keeping hotel Air. AIcCall acted as postmaster, the hotel 
 serving as post office until a building was put up for 
 that purpose. In 1897 he again resumed hotel keeping, 
 and for a time ran the Jefferson House, now known as 
 the Costin. When he disposed of this place Air. AIc- 
 Call bought an interest in the placer mining industry 
 on the Little Pipestone and he is still connected with 
 that concern. He went into the butcher business again 
 and remained in that for two years, until he was ap- 
 pointed postmaster, which office he still holds. This 
 is the third time Air. AIcCall has received the appoint- 
 ment of postmaster, and this is a tribute to his effi- 
 ciency as a public official as well as to his power in 
 the Republican party. 
 
 Air. AIcCall has had his share of the experiences of 
 the pioneer. When his party reached this part of 
 Alontana, the Big Plorn river was so high that they 
 were obliged to build rafts on which to carry over 
 their effects. When they reached the other side they 
 found themselves in the midst of a war between the 
 Indian tribes, and Air. AIcCall beheld for the first time 
 the interesting but rather grewsome object, a scalp. 
 He was relieved to know that it had been on an In- 
 dian's head, and not on a white man's. The Redskins 
 did not molest the emigrants, although three of their 
 cattle were stolen, but even these were subsequently 
 returned, and the company moved on in safety. Air. 
 and Airs. AIcCall can recount many an interesting ad- 
 venture of the early days, and they especially enjoy 
 such a conversation with Air. and Airs. S. F. Tuttle, of 
 Boulder City, whose wedding was celebrated with their 
 own, thus making that day of Alarch 16, 1873, a doubly 
 joyful one. 
 
 Only one' of the seven children of Air. and Airs. 
 AIcCall is nOw at home as the others are all married. 
 'Ernest Ralph, the eldest, is now about forty and he and 
 his family of four children, Alelba, Edith. Ralph and 
 Clyde; and his wife reside on a ranch in Jefferson 
 countt’, about five miles from Whitehall on Whitetail 
 creek. Ida Aland is now Airs. Frank E. Houghton, 
 her husband being associated with Ernest N. AIcCall 
 in ranching. Fav Eugene AIcCall and his family reside 
 in Whitehall, where he is in the cigar manufacturing 
 business and also conducts a barber shop. His daugh- 
 ters are Iona and Evelyn. Chester Giles is married and 
 works in the Badger mine in Butte. Floyd Harold and 
 his wife also reside in Butte, where he is a car in- 
 soector for the Northern Pacific and have one child, 
 Helen, Pearl Blanche AIcCall Gannon lives in Pied- 
 mont, where her husband, Thomas H. Gannon, is 
 operator for the Chicago, Alilwaukee and Puget Sound 
 Railway. They have one child, a baby, Erma. The 
 daughter at home is Aliss Ethel Lucile AIcCall. 
 
 In his active and diversified business career Air. AIc- 
 Call has found time to devote to other things than the 
 pursuit of gain. He is an active member of the Chris- 
 
980 
 
 HISTORY OF .MONTANA 
 
 tian church, and a worker in the Sunday-school, of 
 which he has been superintendent for two years. In 
 the Masonic lodge he has tilled all the offices, and he is 
 also a member of the Eastern Star. He has always 
 been active in municipal affairs, and was at one time 
 councilman of Whitehall. Both he and Mrs. McCall 
 are enthusiastic Montanians and it is here that their 
 interests lie. Mrs. McCall’s parents both ended their 
 days here. Her mother, Catherine Tuttle Jordan, died 
 in 1904, at the age of sixty-five. Her husband survived 
 her five years, although he was fifteen years her senior. 
 Harrison Jordan died at the ripe age of eighty-five 
 years, seven months and eleven days. Both are buried 
 in Fish Creek cemetery, one monument marking both 
 graves. 
 
 John A. Featherman. Although John A Feather- 
 man, who is living virtually retired at Urummond, Mon- 
 tana, has reached the venerable age of seventy-si.x years, 
 he is still hale and hearty and retains in much of their 
 pristine vigor the splendid mental and physical qual- 
 ities of his prime. He has been a resident of Drum- 
 mond since 1904 and was formerly interested in a chain 
 of stores in various places in this locality. In recent 
 years, however, he has disposed of all his business in- 
 terests, with the e.xception of his share in the Feather- 
 man Mercantile Company, the largest establishment of 
 its kind in Drummond. Mr. Featherman is an old 
 pioneer in Montana and his early experiences in the west 
 were of a most exciting character. He is interested in 
 public affairs and gives freely of his aid and influence 
 in support of all measures and enterprises projected 
 for the good of the city and state at large. 
 
 John A. Featherman was born in Hamilton township, 
 Monroe county. Pennsylvania, March 26, 1836, and is 
 a son of Abraham and Rachel (Miller) Featherman, 
 both of whom were born and reared in Pennsylvania, 
 where they were married and where they died each at 
 the age of sixty years. He was born January 13, 1792, 
 and passed away September 6, 1852, and she was lx>rn 
 November 25. 1805, died November 17, 1865. The 
 father was a farmer and stock-raiser during the entire 
 period of his active career and was very successful along 
 those lines of enterprise. Mr. and Mrs. Abraham 
 Featherman became the parents of ten children, of whom 
 the subject of this review was the fifth in order of 
 birth. 
 
 The early education of John A. Featherman con- 
 sisted of such advantages as were offered in the pub- 
 lic schools of his native place and he also pursued a 
 special course at Kingston (Pa.) Seminary. As a youth 
 he worked on the farm for his father and at odd times, 
 when employed by others in such work, received twenty- 
 five cents per day in remuneration for his services. 
 Subsequently he secured a job as clerk in a store at 
 Stroudsburg, and devoted his attention to that line of 
 work until his twenty-fourth year, when he came west. 
 In i860 he went to Colorado, where he followed mining 
 and prospecting for three years. Things were rather 
 wild and woolly in the southwest in those early days and 
 Mr. Featherman had a number of close calls. On one 
 occasion, while waiting for the stage on a rather de- 
 serted spot, he was surrounded by four Indians on 
 horseback who demanded the surrender of his rifle. 
 He knew it meant death to give up his weapon, so tried 
 to parley with them. Negotiations were getting to the 
 straining point and something was about to happen 
 when the stage hove in sight. This frightened the 
 Indians and they left immediately. This was in 1861 
 and soon thereafter Mr. Featherman left Colorado for 
 East Bannack, Montana, but landed at West Bannack, 
 where he was engaged in the wholesale and butcher 
 business at Boise City for three years. Here he built 
 the third or fourth house in that place. In the spring 
 of 1S66 he came to Montana, landing first in Helena, 
 where he sojourned only a short time and whence he 
 
 went to Carpenter’s Bar, prospecting in the latter place 
 for a number of months. He then returned to Helena, 
 where he again turned his attention to the meat busi- 
 ness. Later he opened another market at Blackfoot 
 City, but eventually closed both these places and went 
 to Reynolds City, where he resided for three years and 
 where he conducted a meat market and a general store. 
 In the fall of 1870 he disposed of all his interests in 
 Montana and went to California, but remained in that 
 state only during the winter. The next spring he 
 returned to Montana and located at Deer Lodge and 
 there devoted his attention to the mercantile business 
 for the ensuing two years, when he removed to New 
 Chicago. He has the distinction of having established 
 in 1872, and named that little town and he built the 
 first house there. He opened a store and ran it with 
 success for a number of years and likewise conducted 
 stores at Drummond and Philipsburgh. Fie became 
 interested in ranching in the vicinity of New Chicago 
 and also devoted considerable attention to stock-raising. 
 In 1903 he sold out all his interests, except that in the 
 Featherman Mercantile Company at Drummond, and 
 established his home at Drummond, where he now leads 
 a retired life, acting only in an advisory capacity in 
 the conduct of the mercantile business. 
 
 In politics Mr. Featherman is an unswerving sup- 
 porter of the principles and policies for which the Re- 
 publican party stands sponsor. Fie has served on the 
 school board and for many years was the popular and 
 efficient incumbent of the office of postmaster at New 
 Chicago. Fie has frequently been urged to run for 
 other public offices but would never do so. 
 
 In the time-honored Masonic order he is a member of 
 Ruby Lodge, No. 36, Free and Accepted Masons, in 
 which he is past master and of which he has been treas- 
 urer for four years. He has also taken all the degrees 
 of the York Rite, and is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. 
 Fie a|,tends church but is not a regular member. He 
 devotes considerable leisure time to fishing and is 
 e.xceedingly fond of good music, declaring he would sit 
 up all night any time to hear a good quartette. He 
 favors automobiling and has a fine car for his private 
 use. In regard to Montana he says : “There is no 
 
 better place in the world than this state. Its future is 
 exceedingly bright. It is a country with honest at- 
 tractions, a place for men to accomplish big things 
 and the only state in the Union that can put that merry 
 twinkle of satisfaction in the eye of every man.” 
 
 Mr. Featherman takes a prominent part in all that 
 tends to promote the growth and welfare of his home 
 town and community. In 191T he and one of his 
 associates, J. W. Blair, erected the Palace Flotel, one 
 of the finest concerns of its kind in Montana. He is 
 unmarried and has a niece. Miss Bertha J. Featherman, 
 who keeps house for him. 
 
 John Wendel was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on 
 November 22, 1863. His father, John Wendel, was a 
 lumberman by trade, following the calling in which his 
 father had engaged, and also that in which the family of 
 his wife, Katrina Heinzehnan. had worked for genera- 
 tions. John Wendel was a man of consequence in his 
 native city, in which he served as alderman for a period 
 of twelve years. When his advancing years rendered 
 public service too onerous a burden, he retired and 
 spent the rest of his days in the quiet of his home. Mr. 
 Wendel’s maternal grandfather, John Heinzelman, was 
 one of the soldiers who accompanied Napoleon on the 
 disastrous march to Moscow, and he was one of the 
 few who lived to return, and to resume his business of 
 lumbering in the historic region of the Black Forest. 
 
 John Wendel was educated in the schools of his 
 native province and he also attended the training school 
 in the night sessions. From this latter he received a 
 certificate, which was granted after he had passed a 
 rigid examination in the city of Freudenstadt. This 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 981 
 
 docnment gave assurance that his training and educa- 
 tion entitled him to precedence as a master baker. He 
 received this diploma in 1882 and previous to this time 
 he had assisted his father at the lumbering operations 
 in the Black Forest. For a year after finishing the 
 trade school Mr. Wendel worked at his chosen vocation 
 in his home province. He then went to Mulhausen, in 
 -Alsace, where he added to his professional knowledge 
 by learning the French methods and processes in the 
 bakery craft. He mastered this as thoroughly as he 
 had the German art of cookery, and with this e.xpert 
 training, came to America in 1885. 
 
 Until September, 1886, Mr. Wendel was employed in 
 New York City. Upon leaving the eastern metropolis 
 he came directly to Helena, where he worked for just 
 one week and then went to Butte. Here he remained 
 until July of the following year, when he again re- 
 turned to Helena. He decided to cast his lot with the 
 capital city, and it has been his home since that date, 
 and the scene of his success. 
 
 Mr. Wendel's first position here was with the Reinig 
 Bakery, and he kept this until July i, 1889. By this 
 time he had established a reputation as an expert in 
 his line, and he had likewise made an extensive acquaint- 
 ance among an appreciative class of patrons. He now 
 established a business of his own, and put up his own 
 plant. His principal store was located on State street, 
 but he also operated a shop in the Diamond block, 
 which was opened for trade in September, 1889. 
 Shortly after this Mr. Wendel secured a lease of the 
 Reinig Bakery, which he still operates, along with other 
 well equipped establishments. The handsome residence 
 of the Wendels is located on First street, and on the 
 rear of the grounds are situated his large ovens and 
 bakery plant. The building is thirty-five by one hun- 
 dred feet and it is furnished with every modern device 
 known to the best of such workshops in the country. 
 On his place are also situated the dwellings for his 
 employes, the lots on which these stand being back of 
 the bakery. Convenient to these are the stables which 
 lodge the horses and the wagons necessary to the busi- 
 ness. The entire plant is a model of convenience and 
 of the best modern ideas in the baking industry. 
 
 Mr. Wendel has large holdings in different mining 
 properties. He is interested in placer mining in Deer 
 Lodge county, and he also owns the Badger mine in 
 the Warm Springs district of Jefferson county. This 
 mine is a large producer, and the ore is being con- 
 stantly shipped from it, as it is a most valuable property. 
 
 Like his father, this John Wendel has served on his 
 city council. In 1898 he was elected alderman by a 
 majority of over too votes, and two years later was 
 reelected and served in the council twelve years. He 
 was chairman of the water and lights committee and 
 was on the streets and alleys committee. He was 
 president of the council for the last five years of his 
 service. A member of the Evangelical Lutheran 
 church, he has always been a zealous worker for the 
 advancement of that body. 
 
 On February 2, 1890, Mr. Wendel was married to 
 Miss Henrietta Reiss, of Syracuse, New York. There 
 were five children born of the union of Miss Reiss and 
 Mr. Wendel, as follows : Edward J., born January 6, 
 i8gi ; Kate S., June 24, 1892; John G., September 22, 
 189s ; Theodore M., October 5, 1897 ; and Henrietta L., 
 April 9, 1900. The mother of this family died on 
 March 4, 1904, and the following September Mr. 
 Wendel was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte 
 Goettlich, of Booneville, Indiana. Two children were 
 the fruit of this union; Lawrence A., born December 
 3, 1906, and Charlotte M. E., born September 9, 1908. 
 
 In 1907 Mr. Wendel was sent to the legislature by the 
 Republican party, which he has always loyally sup- 
 
 ported. He is indeed, a veritable “'Rathsherr” of the 
 noble type winch his father represented in the home- 
 land. 
 
 Colonel Thom.vs Cruse. It is impossible to estimate 
 the value of a man like Colonel Cruse to the community 
 m which ne lives, for the reason that his services are be- 
 yond computation. Coming to Montana in his youn<- 
 manhood, he lias poured out without stint his energy 
 and ability in the development of his state. One of the 
 foremost mining men in the northwest, his fame is per- 
 haps greatest in that line, but his activities have not 
 been confined to mining alone, they have been equally 
 as great in the stock-growing and banking business. 
 Colonel Thomas Cruse is a Montanian all the time, and 
 m this respect is a rarity among men who have wrested 
 great fortunes from the rugged mountains and smiling 
 valleys of the Treasure state. He elects to remain 
 where he made his fortune, and to use it in the develop- 
 ment of more wealth for the benefit of his fellow-man. 
 I\venty-five thousand dollars a year is a conservative 
 estimate of the amount of money annually expended by 
 Colonel Cruse in the exploration and development of 
 mines. In his home city, Helena, he is identified with 
 every vital and living thing looking to the advancement 
 of social and religious progress. His contributions to 
 icligioiis institutions alone within the past few years 
 have amounted to more than half a million dollars, and 
 he was by far the largest contributor toward the beauti- 
 ful new^ cathedral in his home city. His life history is 
 an inspiration to all aspiring young men, and will long 
 be referred to as an example well worth following for 
 the brilliant success achieved from advantages that were 
 not as good as the average. 
 
 Colonel Thomas Cruse is a native of Ireland, and was 
 born in County Cavan in March, 1836. His parents 
 were typical of that vigorous and aggressive race, and 
 from them he inherited those sterling qualities of mind 
 and heart that have made him the successful and domi- 
 nant figure he is today. He received such education in 
 his native land as was available, and early determined 
 to better his condition by casting his lot with the “Land 
 of the Free.” At the age of twenty years he embarked 
 for America, and landed in New York in 1856, where he 
 rernained until 1863. Believing there were better oppor- 
 tunities for a young man in the far west he decided to 
 go to California, and to determine upon an enterprise 
 affecting his fortune was as good as accomplished by 
 the indefatigable young man. He went by steamer, and 
 by way of the Isthmus of Panama. Arriving in Califor- 
 nia, he passed the time in endeavoring to better his 
 fortunes between that state, Nevada and Idaho. Mining 
 was his favorite pursuit, and this he followed with fair 
 success. In 1866 the fame of Alder Gulch in Montana 
 attracted his attention, and he determined to try his 
 fortune in that land of promise. He followed placer 
 mining in Alder Gulch until the winter of 1866-7, when 
 he returned to Idaho, during the Salmon river stampede, 
 for new diggings. Disappointed at the outlook in Idaho, 
 Colonel Cruse returned to Montana in the following 
 summer, arriving at Helena on July fourth. The follow- 
 ing day he went to Trinity Gulch, a few miles north of 
 Helena, and engaged in placer mining. In that camp 
 and Silver creek, nearby, he ended his placer mining 
 days on the discovery of the great Drum Lummon mine, 
 a gold mine that has since produced $30,000,000, and 
 which was sold by Colonel Cruse for $1,500,000, to an 
 English syndicate. 
 
 At the present time Colonel Cruse is more actively en- 
 gaged in mining than at any time in his life. The large 
 proposition under his direction, the Bald Mountain 
 mines, at Marysville, which are developed to a depth of 
 1,100 feet, and equipped with a milling plant of twenty 
 stamps and an auxiliary plant for cyaniding the mill 
 tailings. He is also engaged in developing other prop- 
 
982 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 erties and his activities are such as to excite the admira- 
 tion of liis fellow citizens. 
 
 An institution that is a great source of pride to 
 Colonel Cruse and a distinct credit as well as great bene- 
 fit to Helena is the Thomas Cruse Savings Bank, estab- 
 lished by Colonel Cruse in 1887, and the first institution 
 of its kind in Montana. It ranks among the very strong- 
 est banks in the state, and has been a success front its 
 inception, and illustrates the business foresight and judg- 
 ment' of its founder, who has been its only president. 
 The Thomas Cruse Savings Bank transacts a general 
 banking business in addition to the savings department, 
 and deals in all kinds of high grade securities. Its 
 management is able, conservative and such as to merit 
 the confidence of discriminating patrons. 
 
 Colonel Cruse is a man of extensive and varied inter- 
 ests, among which is that of stock-raising, and he is the 
 owner of one of the largest ranches in the state. He is 
 noted for his sterling character, uprightness and strict 
 integrity in all his dealings. His religious faith is that 
 in which he was reared, and he is an honored member of 
 the Roman Catholic church and contributes generously 
 towards its support. His charitable contributions are 
 large and are given with discriminating judgment and 
 wisdom. . 
 
 He married Miss Margaret Carter m 1880. She was a 
 sister of the late United States Senator Thomas H. 
 Carter. Mrs. Cruse died within a year of her marriage, 
 leaving one daughter, Mary. Associated with Colonel 
 Cruse in many of his interests, particularly those of 
 banking and mining, are his two nephews, Frank H. 
 Cruse and Will Cruse, the former being vice president 
 of the Thomas Cruse Savings Bank. a-,- , , 
 
 Politically Colonel Cruse has always been afhhated 
 with the Democratic party, but has never desired or 
 soimht political honors, but it is certain that one of his 
 indomitable character and native force would have suc- 
 ceeded in the political field the same as he has m his 
 other fields of endeavor had his inclinations so led him 
 Remarkably well preserved for one of his yeais, and 
 one of the oldest active business men m Montana. Col- 
 onel Cruse maintains a very close supervision of his ex 
 tensive interests with the same rare judgment that 
 characterized his business transactions of a quarter ot a 
 century ago. Fie has witnessed the great transforma- 
 tion in the Treasure state, and few are living today who 
 have taken any more active part m this wonderful 
 change. 
 
 Robert Lee Kelley was born January 2, 1866, at 
 Grizzly Gulch, Montana, but during the autumn of the 
 same year his parents removed to Deer Lodge, Mon- 
 tana After attending the public schools of Dee 
 Lodge he entered the College of Montana, located in 
 the same town, specializing in civil engmeeimg He 
 left college in the fall of 1887 and at hrst followed 
 mining and prospecting in Montana unti 1900, and 
 was fairly successful. In 1901 he was elected cle k 
 of the district court of Powell county, on the Detno- 
 cratic ticket, and has been reelected each time since 
 to the same office. He works in the interests of his 
 party in a quiet and systematic way, has a host ot 
 friends and is progressive and popular. 
 
 Mr Kelley is the owner of promising mining property 
 and of city realty. He is a member of the K of P. 
 Lodge; of the M. of E. ; of the M. W. of A., and secre- 
 tary of the ‘‘United Artisans. ’ He is also a membei 
 of the Presbyterian church. 
 
 He married Miss Gertrude A. Galbraith, daughter 
 of Judge William A. Galbraith, of , Pennsylvania. Five 
 children have been born of this union : Margaret, now 
 
 Mrs W F Ganschow, of Chicago; Warren L.. as- 
 sistant in his father’s 0^^; Jeannette, who is a 
 scholar in the high school; and Georgia and Llo>d, the 
 younger members of the household. p„i-.Art 
 
 The father of the subject of this sketch, Robert S 
 
 Kelley, was born in Virginia, in 1831, and attended 
 school until he was fourteen years of age. His first 
 work was as a clerk in Missouri, where he remained 
 four years. In 1852 he was editor of the Democratic 
 Platform at Liberty, Missouri. He sold out and moved 
 to Atchison, Kansas, in 1853, where he started the 
 Squatter Sovereign, which he published for two years. 
 He then sold out and engaged in mercantile business 
 in Kansas City, Missouri. He continued there until 
 the beginning of the Civil war, when he joined the Con- 
 federate army, serving as a captain until 1863, when 
 he resigned and came to Montana, settling at Alder 
 Gulch and remaining one year. Then he removed to 
 Helena and Grizzly Gulch. In 1866 he located in Deer 
 Lodge and began mercantile business with J. S. Pem- 
 berton, remaining five years. At the end of this time 
 he sold out and engaged in mining until his death, 
 September 19, 1890. Mr. Kelley had the distinction of 
 owning claim No. 2, at Helena, Momana, located in 
 Grizzly Gulch. Fie was appointed U. S. marshal for 
 Montana by President Cleveland in 1885. He owned 
 mining property at Pioneer City and Squaw Gulch in 
 1872 and had an interest in the Rock Creek Ditch Com- 
 pany. The Kelley Hogan and Company property at 
 Pioneer City proved a success and he also opened other 
 quartz propefties successfully. Mr. Kelley built several 
 fine substantial buildings in Deer Lodge. 
 
 The mother of the subject of this sketch was Mary 
 L. Foreman Kelley, who was born at Memphis, Mis- 
 souri, in 1840. She is now living at Deer Lodge. Of 
 the children in the parents’ household, two are deceased; 
 Katie is now Mrs. Welling Napton, of Missoula, Mon- 
 tana; Nannie B. is now Mrs. C. D. Joslyn, of Portland, 
 Oregon; the third child is the subject of this sketch; 
 Georgia K. is now Mrs. Lon Hoss, of Portland, Ore- 
 gon; Floward, of Seattle, Washington; Florence, of 
 Portland, Oregon; Lamar, of Portland, Oregon; "War- 
 ren, who died at Deer Lodge ; and Perry, in Kansas. 
 
 Mr. Robert Lee Kelley is a great lover of music and 
 his favorite instrument is the cornet. He is a popular 
 man and efficient in all he undertakes. 
 
 Lewis Coleman. In reviewing the life of this Mon- 
 tana pioneer — for nearly forty years a resident of Deer 
 Lodge, a citizen of the highest type and an official of 
 most creditable record — it is of especial interest to 
 consider in some detail not only biographical but gen- 
 ealogical facts. For not only was Lewis Coleman him- 
 self a pioneer, but his progenitors through five genera- 
 tions have been of the same type. 
 
 The birth of Lewis Coleman, second son and third 
 child of John Coleman and Mary Boyer, his wife, oc- 
 curred in Germantown, Montgomery county, Ohio, in 
 May of 1842. When he was eighteen years _ of age 
 he followed an impulse similar to that which had 
 led his ancestors in a westerly direction and went to 
 Colorado, where he engaged in mining. It was while 
 he was in that state that the Civil war began and Lewis 
 Coleman enlisted in 1862— at the age of twenty— in 
 Company K, Third Colorado Infantry. At Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, this regiment became the Second Colo- 
 rado Cavalry, and in its ranks Mr. Coleman served, 
 under General Curtis, on the frontiers and in several 
 battles. His command was discharged at Fort Leaven- 
 worth in the autumn of 1865. 
 
 Mr. Coleman’s first activity after the close of the 
 war was in the capacity of hotel clerk in Kanps City. 
 While doing this work he succeeded in finding time 
 for pursuing some practical studies in a night school 
 of the city In 1866 he came by way of Colorado to 
 Montana, where he first located at Virginia city. Thence 
 he went to Highland Gulch, where. except_ for the in- 
 terruption occasioned by his participation in the 8m- 
 mon river stampede” in 1867, he remained until 1869. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 983 
 
 In that year Mr. Coleman took up his residence in 
 Deer Lodge, which was his home from that time 
 throughout the remainder of his life. His activities 
 during the years — almost two score — of his citizenship 
 in Deer Lodge were of many kinds, the commercial 
 and political being predominant. He was connected 
 with the grocery business, first as accountant for the 
 firm of Osborne and Denney, and later as an associate 
 of Murphy, Higgins and Company, with whom he re- 
 mained for thirteen years. He gradually established 
 an unassailable reputation for efficiency and trust- 
 worthiness in whatever he undertook. With such high 
 standing it is not surprising that positions of public 
 trust soon began to come to him. 
 
 In 1874 Territorial Governor Potts appointed Mr. 
 Coleman one of the directors of the penitentiary. Four 
 years later he was elected by the people of Powell 
 county to the responsible office of county treasurer. In 
 1886 he was chosen sheriff, and after his two years of 
 service in that capacity he was again honored by elec- 
 tion to the office of county treasurer. In July, 1890, 
 he was appointed by President Harrison to the post- 
 mastership of Deer Lodge. His incumbency of this civil 
 position began on September i, 1890, and on Decem- 
 ber 9, 1903, he was appointed by President Roose- 
 velt for a second term of service. He again succeeded 
 himself in this office in January, 1908, and continued 
 in its important administrative activities until the time 
 of his death. Other municipal offices which he held 
 were those of alderman and city treasurer. 
 
 The domestic life of Mr. Coleman began soon after 
 he took up his residence in Deer Lodge. On Septem- 
 ber 21, 1871, at Highland Gulch, Montana, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Cynthia J. Kantner. She 
 was a native of Indiana and a daughter of Benjamin 
 and Eliza (Surten) Kantner, of Lewis county, that 
 state. She was born in that locality on July 24, 1850. 
 Her father died when she was but seven years of 
 age. Her mother remarried, her second husband be- 
 ing Robert Burdess, who came to Montana in 1864. 
 With other members of the family, Cynthia Kantner 
 had joined him in 1868. At that time the Union 
 Pacific Railway brought passengers only to Cheyenne, 
 Wyoming, from which point it was necessary, as Mrs. 
 Coleman vividly remembers, to continue the journey 
 by stage to Virginia Citv, Montana. The Kantner-Cole- 
 man marriage took place on September 21, 1871. They 
 became the parents of the five sons, of whom data of 
 birth, marriage and vocation are given below. 
 
 William E. Coleman was born June 22, 1872. He 
 married Miss Alberta Chynick, of Bonner, Montana, 
 and he and his wife are now residents of Anaconda. 
 Lewis J. Coleman was born on April 10, 1874. He 
 married Miss Lydia Seafield, of Anaconda, and is the 
 father of one daughter, Lewanna Coleman, born on 
 January 15, 1907. He resides with his family in 
 Anaconda. James Robert Coleman was born March 
 19, 1876: he married Miss Frieda Stark, and their son, 
 James R. Coleman, was born May 2, 1907. Charles 
 Dellinger Coleman was born July 19, 1878, and died 
 at the age of two years. Paul Hart Coleman was born 
 January 7, 1884, and is now a resident of Anaconda. 
 All the sons of Mr. and Mrs. Coleman were born in 
 Deer Lodge. 
 
 Mr. Coleman was one of the strongest men in his 
 party in Powell county. He was a stanch Republican 
 and one of nrinciples higher even than his partisan 
 loyalty. It can be said of him that he was the only 
 man who was able to break up the party slate of 
 the bosses that dominated that county prior to the 
 division that set off Deer Lodge and Granite counties 
 from Powell county. His acquaintance included the 
 prominent men of the state and his friends were 
 legion. His many acts of kindness went to show the 
 big heart he possessed and to which his countless ac- 
 quaintances could bear witness. A thorough gentle- 
 
 man, courteous, affable and polite, his fitness for pub- 
 lic office was further augmented by his splendid ability 
 as a penman. A quiet, unassuming man, devoted to 
 his family, a Christian gentleman and a model citizen 
 ■ — this is the characterization given him by those who 
 knew him best. 
 
 I As a prominent member of the local post of the 
 
 / Grand Army of the Republic, of the Free and Ac- 
 cepted Masons and Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows and of the Episcopal church, j\Ir. Coleman is 
 
 ' vividly remembered and deeply missed. His widow 
 is still a resident of Deer Lodge and is one of the es- 
 timable ladies of that place. 
 
 Lewis Coleman’s grandmother, IMary Schaeffer Boyer, 
 was a granddaughter of that early Pennsylvanian who 
 owned and sold the large tract of land now largely 
 occupied by the present city of Germantown, Pennsyl- 
 vania. Selling this land at what he considered an ad- 
 vantageous price, he removed his family and effects to 
 another extensive tract which he had purchased in 
 the interior of the state. That region was, at the 
 time of his locating within it, a frontier section of 
 Pennsylvania. Indian raids were not unusual and 
 one such attack resulted in the death of this pioneer 
 and his wife at the hands of the savages. Their 
 two children, Catherine and an infant sister, were 
 seized by the Indians and carried away by them. The 
 younger sister soon died from exposure, but the girl 
 Catherine for seven years remained in captivity. Be- 
 ing a young woman of more than ordinary intelligence 
 and force of character, she won a remarkable degree 
 of respect and deference from her wild captors. Her 
 understanding ' of the medicinal efficacy of various 
 herbs added to the high esteem in which she was held, 
 and she became a noted doctress among members of 
 the tribe, who greatly prized her services. This band 
 — probably of the Miami Indians — in their wanderings 
 traversed an extensive part of southern Ohio. It was 
 while they were in that part of the country that the 
 Pennsylvania girl captive, who was permitted much 
 liberty in going about to gather her herbs, was one 
 day surprised to hear the sound of hammering. Trac- 
 ing the sound for some distance, she came to the bank 
 of a stream, down which a raft was about to be 
 floated by some white men. Astonished to see a young, 
 white woman in Indian garb, they listened with eager 
 interest to her story of captivity and endeavored to 
 persuade her to join them in order to secure her liberty. 
 But she preferred remaining among her respectful and 
 considerate captors to joining strangers of whom she 
 knew nothing. She requested these men, however, to 
 report her predicament to authorities who should en- 
 ter into negotiations with the Indians for her release. 
 In the course of time that end was accomplished, her 
 leavetaking of this Miami band being accompanied 
 with gifts of valuable trinkets and other highly prized 
 articles. Returning to the friends of her family in 
 Pennsylvania, she resumed the habits of civilization and 
 was later married to a young man named Schaeffer. 
 One of her daughters, ]\Iary Schaeffer, became IMrs. 
 George Boyer, and with her Catherine Schaeffer lived 
 in the days of her widowhood. It was then that her 
 reminiscences of the fine country to the west, in which 
 the Indians lived and hunted, aroused such interest 
 that in 1804 a colony of emigrants from that section 
 of Pennsylvania migrated to Ohio. Their long jour- 
 ney by wagon was one in which this lady acted to a 
 great extent as guide. She it was who gave the new 
 settlement in Montgomery county, Ohio, the same name 
 as that borne by the village of her father’s early com- 
 munity. Catherine Schaeffer lived in Germantown, 
 Ohio, to the end of her life, rendering valuable serv- 
 ice through her knowled.ge of medicine and of life 
 in a new, wild region. That colony included among 
 its other settlers George Coleman, whose son John 
 
984 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 later married Mary Boyer, a daughter of Mary Schaef- 
 fer Boyer and a granddaughter of Catherine Schaeffer. 
 
 George Coleman was the father of eleven children, 
 among the five sons of which John Coleman was 
 third His marriage to Mary Boyer took place on 
 April 15, 1835. Of the si.x children of John and Mary 
 Coleman, two sons, William and Lewis, became Montana 
 pioneers, thus continuing the family tradition made 
 notable by their grandfather, George Coleman, their 
 distinguished ancestress, Catherine Schaeffer, and their 
 earlier progenitor of Germantown liistory. 
 
 Roderick D. McR.\e. What Montana was in the days 
 at the mining camp and what it has become during the 
 era when mine and ranch and farm together produce the 
 wonderful resources of the state— all this Roderick D 
 iUcRae has witnessed, and has himself been no small 
 Hetor in helping to create. Mr. McRae knew Virginia 
 Uty and other mining camps during the ’60s and has 
 tor more than forty years been more or less identified 
 with the mineral industries. At Philipsburg, his home 
 town, where he has long been one of the influential citi- 
 zens, lie IS probably best known as a prosperous rancher 
 His career is an interesting one, and in many respects 
 typical of the class of men who have made Montana 
 one of the richest states of the Union. 
 
 Born m Canada in February, 1845, educated in the 
 common schools, he earned his first money when a boy 
 ot about seventeen by working in the lumber camps 
 starting at thirteen dollars a month. Most of this sal- 
 ary he gave to his parents, and continued his work 
 among the lumber woods of Canada until he was of 
 age. l.y that time he had saved enough to enable him 
 to start out in seeking his own fortunes. The destina- 
 tion he chose was the great west of the United States 
 and how he finally arrived in Montana is a little storv 
 01 itself. 
 
 With Denver as his objective point, he traveled by 
 lailroad as far as St. Joseph, Missouri, and then by boat 
 to Nebraska City. There he and three others made up 
 a party, and hiring a team, set out for Denver Half 
 way across the prairies, they met a large freighting out- 
 fit bound for Montana. After brief negotiations, they 
 abandoned their course toward Denver and hired out 
 to the freighters as body guards for the long journey 
 into the northwest. He really walked all the distance, 
 and thus arrived, after many weary miles of trudging 
 over prairies and mountain trails, at Virginia City in the 
 year 1866. 
 
 In the years that have elapsed since then he has had 
 no permanent residence^ elsewhere than in Montana, he 
 has worked and done his share in developing the terri- 
 tory to a state, and is today one of the most loyal citi- 
 zens of this commonwealth. For the first year he was 
 engaged in mining at Virginia City. The Montana & 
 St. Louis Mining Company (now the Hope Company) 
 then proposed that he go to the new settlement of Phil- 
 ipsburg and work on their new mill. During his em- 
 ployment with that company he took the first ore out 
 of what has since been known as the famous Hope Mine. 
 At that time there were very few roads anywhere in 
 this region, and one had to be constructed in order 
 to get access to Philipsburg. Thus he was present dur- 
 ing the period of infancy of the pleasant little city where 
 he now has his residence. For several years he contin- 
 ued at mining in and about this locality, and it is his’ 
 distinction that he discovered the famous North Star 
 copper mine, now one of the rich deposits of this dis- 
 trict. 
 
 Mr. McRae then bought a ranch in this vicinity, and 
 for more than thirty years has devoted most of his at- 
 tention to ranching and the stock business, which he 
 has conducted on an extensive scale. At the same time 
 he has been interested in the prospecting or practical 
 operation of mines. His residence for some years has 
 
 been in Philipsburg, from which center he manages his 
 other business affairs. 
 
 At Deer Lodge, this state, Mr. McRae was married, 
 June 10, i 873 » to Miss Minerva Burden, daughter of 
 Thomas & Fannie (Hornsby) Burden. Six children have 
 come into their home, one daughter, Minnie Frances, 
 dying in infancy, and the other five are as follows: 
 Roderick D., Jr., who is married and a resident of Phil- 
 ipsburg; Margaret, the wife of Frank Holten, of Lew- 
 iston, Idaho; William, married, who now lives in Gran- 
 ite county; Mamie, wife of Charles Powell, whose home 
 is at Basin in Boulder county; and John, who is single 
 and resides at Granite City. All the children were given 
 good school and home advantages, and now occupy use- 
 ful and honorable places in the world’s work. Mr. Mc- 
 Rae is a member of the Philipsburg Chamber of Com- 
 merce, is a Republican in politics, and takes a very ac- 
 tive interest in the local and general affairs of govern- 
 ment and society. At home the welfare of the public 
 schools has interested him, and he has been a member 
 of the school board at Stone for many years. Frater- 
 nally he is affiliated with the Elks lodge, and the relig- 
 ious preference of himself and wife is for the Presby- 
 terian church. Of the diversions and interests of life 
 that are not directly connected with practical affairs, 
 the sports of the field find an ardent devotee in Mr. 
 McRae. He is especially fond of fishing, and every 
 fall spends a week or so at his favorite recreation 
 haunts. 
 
 Mr. McRae’s father, Duncan McRae, was a native of 
 Scotland, and came to Canada during his youth. Farm- 
 ing was his life occupation. He was a very devout 
 Christian, active in the Presbyterian church, and did 
 much practical charity. His death occurred in 1894, 
 when he was eighty-four years of age. His wife, Mar- 
 garet (Monroe) McRae, died at the age of seventy- 
 eight, and they now sleep side by side near their old 
 home in Canada. Of the eleven children in the family, 
 Roderick was the seventh. 
 
 This brief sketch should not be closed without quo- 
 ting some of Mr. McRae’s opinions about the state 
 where he now resides, and of which few men are better 
 fitted through long and active residence to give a judg- 
 ment. Montana, he thinks, is the easiest place in the 
 world to make a living in, and the best place to recuper- 
 ate financially. Even during the silver crash, when all 
 the mines were shrouded in the gloom of inactivity, the 
 depression was only temporary. The people shifted 
 their activities into other channels, and were soon again 
 prosperous and happy. It was a godsend, after all, this 
 shutting down of the mines, for it brought the people to 
 realize that they had the finest stock-ranch, fruit-farm 
 and dairying country in the world. And now the best 
 part of it all is, that the mines are running on a larger 
 scale than ever, and productive industry is not limited 
 to any one department. The Treasure state is a real 
 diamond — polished and perfect, without a flaw. 
 
 James M. Page. In 1866, James M. Page came to 
 Montana and has made this state his home continuously 
 since that time. During the intervening period he has 
 divided his time between ranching and surveying, and 
 for a number of years past has been engaged in extend- 
 ing the public surveys in nearly every county in the 
 state of Montana. His life, from his earliest boyhood, 
 has been one of the most strenuous activity, and he has 
 been a telling factor in the development of Madison 
 county. As a pioneer citizen of the state and a man 
 whose life has been of the greatest worth to the 
 commonwealth, it is eminently fitting that some mention 
 be made of him and his work in this historical and bio- 
 graphical publication. 
 
 James M. Page was born in Crawford county, Penn- 
 sylvania, on July 22, 1839, and is the son of Wallace 
 and Nancy (Bonney) Page. Both were natives of 
 Massachusetts, where the father was born in 1810 and 
 

 ■ : r 
 
 
 V 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 985 
 
 the mother in i8i6. They were both reared in the 
 state of their birth and there they were united in mar- 
 riage, shortly afterward removing to Pennsylvania, 
 where Mr. Page followed farming as an occupation. Pie 
 died on September i, 1840, when he was but thirty years 
 of age. The wife and mother lived until 1852, pass- 
 ing away in May of that year. She is buried in 
 Illinois. They were the parents of six children, of which 
 number James M. was the fifth born. 
 
 When he was four years old, James M. Page moved 
 to Michigan with his mother, and he made his home 
 in that state until he was about nineteen years of age. 
 He was but an infant when his father’s death broke up 
 the family, and he fought his own way through the 
 world from the age of eleven. He earned his first 
 wage as a boy of that tender age working on a farm, 
 and received eleven dollars a month for his labors. 
 When he was in his nineteenth year he joined a survey- 
 ing party operating in northern Michigan, and later 
 went to Minnesota where he was engaged from April, 
 1858, to April, 1862, in extending the public surveys of 
 the northwestern part of that state. In 1862 he returned 
 to Michigan for the purpose of offering his services as 
 a soldier in the cause of the Union. He entered the 
 Sixth Michigan Volunteer Cavalry in August, 1862, and 
 served during three years of the Civil war, participating 
 in many of the most telling conflicts of the period, 
 among them Gettysburg. He was taken prisoner and 
 languished in prisons at Andersonville, Libby and Belle 
 Island during a weary period of fourteen months, being 
 finally exchanged at Savannah, on November 21, 1864, 
 and was discharged as second lieutenant at Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, on June 21, 1865. On quitting the 
 army, Mr. Page went to Chicago where he took a spe- 
 cial course in a business college in that city, and in the 
 spring of 1866 came to Montana across the plains from 
 Leavenworth, leaving the latter place on March 3rd, 
 and arriving at Virginia City on the 21st of June, 1866, 
 bringing with him a train of merchandise. He has been 
 a resident of Madison county continuously since then, 
 as well as continuing to be identified with the survey- 
 ing business in a governmental capacity, the while he 
 has become identified with the big ranching interests 
 of the county, and has come to be the owner of a splen- 
 did ranch of fifteen hundred acres in the county, situ- 
 ated five miles from Twin Bridges. The town of Page- 
 ville was founded by Mr. Page, and the post office of 
 the town is now located on his ranch. Mr. Page was 
 county surveyor of Madison county for fifteen years and 
 has been connected with the LTnited States Surveyor 
 General’s office since 1873. In 1882 he was joint repre- 
 sentative in the territorial legislature for Madison and 
 Beaverhead counties and was re-elected to succeed him- 
 self in 1884. In 1895 he was appointed by Governor 
 Rickards to the position of state land agent, a position 
 which he held for about two years when he resigned. 
 Mr. Page is a Republican, and is recognized as one of 
 the strong men and fighters of the party in Montana. 
 He has always taken an active and intelligent interest 
 in local political affairs, as well as those extending to 
 the state, and has won a degree of prominence that is 
 entirely consistent with his worthy accomplishment in 
 whatever field he has given his attention. 
 
 Mr. Page is a member of the Masonic order, is a 
 charter member of the blue lodge at Twin Bridges, and 
 holds membership in the chapter and commandery No. 
 I, at Virginia City. 
 
 On July 7, 1872, Mr. Page was married to Miss Mary 
 Christianson, the daughter of Christian and Esther 
 Christianson, formerly of Holstein, Germany, then liv- 
 ing on Wisconsin Creek, Madison county. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Page became the parents of four daughters, of 
 whom brief mention is made as follows : Helen E,, 
 married Erwin R. Blaisdel, a prominent attorney, and 
 they live at Plains, Montana; Mina E. is the wife of 
 L. T. Holt of the government forest reserve, and lives 
 
 at Twin Bridges; Mary E. married Dwight Bushnell, 
 and lives near Twin Bridges, where he is the business 
 manager of the Mule Shoe ranch ; Lena M. remains at 
 home with her parents. Mr. Page has one sister living 
 in Montana — Mrs. N. L. Page — and two brothers — 
 Robert W. and Rodney W. Page — all of whom reside 
 in Pageville. 
 
 Henry W. Buford. As president and general man- 
 ager of the Valley Garden Ranch Company and of the 
 Buford Mercantile Company, Henry W. Buford, whose 
 name forms the caption for this article, certainly de- 
 serves representation among the prominent business 
 men of Virginia City, Montana. He has done much to 
 advance the wheels of progress in Montana, aiding 
 materially in the development of business activity and 
 energy, wherein the prosperity and growth of the state 
 always depend, and he has always manifested a deep 
 and sincere interest in public affairs. 
 
 Henry W. Buford was born in Virginia City, Mon- 
 tana, March 4, 1878, and he is a son of Simeon R. 
 Buford, who was born in Scotland county, Missouri, 
 whence he came to Montana in 1866 and settled in 
 Virginia City, here passing the residue of his life. His 
 first business here was that of freighting and in 1878 he 
 entered into the general merchandise business with the 
 late Henry Elling. Subsequently the firm of Buford & 
 Elling started a cattle, horse and sheep ranch and this 
 enterprise met with unexcelled success. Mr. Buford 
 was a man of kind heart and unusually generous im- 
 pulses. He contributed liberally to various religious 
 and charitable institutions and was a true friend to 
 the needy. In political circles he was a prominent 
 
 Democrat and was a member of the constitutional con- 
 vention that framed the constitution for the state of 
 Montana. Eor two terms he was a member of the 
 state senate and during that time he was instrumental 
 in getting the Orphans’ Home for Madison county. He 
 married Katie A. Cooley in Virginia City in 1877, and 
 to them were born eight children, of whom Henry W. 
 was the first born. Effie C., wife of W. M. Wightman, 
 
 Simeon R., Jr., and Ruth, are all residents of New 
 
 York City. The father died in 1905, aged fifty-nine 
 years, and his cherished and devoted wife passed 
 
 away in the same year, at the age of forty-nine years. 
 
 After completing the curriculum of the public schools 
 of Virginia City, Henry W. Buford was matriculated 
 as a student in the Montana Wesleyan University at 
 Helena, He earned his first money as a boy herding 
 cattle in Virginia City, and for one year he was a page 
 in the senate at Helena. In 1900 he engaged in the 
 livery business, and in that connection conducted stables 
 at Norris and in Virginia City. In 1910 he assumed 
 charge of the Elling & Buford sheep and ranch inter- 
 ests, and after the incorporation of that concern as 
 the Valley Garden Ranch Company, in 1910, he was 
 elected president and general manager of the company. 
 In March, 1911, he was elected president and general 
 manager of the Buford Mercantile Company, and he 
 finds his time completely taken up with the manage- 
 ment of these two large and prominent business con- 
 cerns. He is likewise interested financially in the 
 Elling State Bank and the Southern Montana Bank 
 at Ennis, in both of which he is a member of the 
 boards of directors. 
 
 At Ennis, Montana, February 8. 1902, Mr. Buford 
 was united in marriage to Miss Florence May Kohls, 
 a daughter of Frederick F. and Virginia B. Kohls, 
 prominent residents of Virginia City. Mrs. Kohls en- 
 joys the honor of having been the first girl born in 
 Virginia City and for that reason she was named Vir- 
 ginia Belle. Mr. and Mrs. Buford have no_ children. 
 
 Mr. Buford is a stalwart Democrat in his political 
 convictions While undoubtedly he has not been with- 
 out that honorable ambition which is so powerful and 
 useful as an incentive to activity in public affairs, he 
 
986 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 regards the pursuits of private life as being in them- 
 selves abundantly worthy of his best efforts. In com- 
 munity affairs he is active and influential and his sup- 
 port is readily and generously given to many measures 
 forwarded for the general progress and improvement. 
 He is affiliated with the Benevolent & Protective Order 
 of Elks, in which he is esteemed leading knight, and 
 in religious matters he and his wife are devout mem- 
 bers of the Episconal church. He is fond of out-door 
 life and spends considerable time in riding and driv- 
 ing and automobiling. 
 
 Hon. Paul McCormick. Something more than a 
 simple announcement and a passing remark is due the 
 Hon. Paul McCormick, “The Grand Old Man of Mon- 
 tana,” who, during the many years of his residence near 
 Billings, has become as familiar to the people of this 
 section as their own household goods. More than any 
 other man, probably, during the early years of his resi- 
 dence here he was ardently and actively engaged in de- 
 veloping the natural resources of the great wilderness 
 of the middle west, and his name deserves a place on the 
 roll of Montana's most honored sons for the great work 
 he achieved not only in showing the way for future 
 generations, but as a man who in ever}^ relation of life 
 has so directed his activities that they would be of the 
 greatest possible benefit to his community. Paul Mc- 
 Cormick was born at Greenwood, Steuben county. New 
 York, June 14, 1845, and is a son of James and Margaret 
 McCormick, who spent their lives in the Empire state. 
 
 After attending the schools of Steuben county and 
 Alfred Center Academy. Mr. McCormick decided to 
 try his fortunes in the great northwest, and in 1866 made 
 his way to Montana, settling on Middle creek, in the 
 Gallatin valley, where he was engaged in farming and 
 freighting. He accompanied Colonel Baker on his fa- 
 mous expedition of 1870 against the Piegans to the 
 Maria’s river battlegrounds, furnishing transportation 
 for the greater portion of the troops. Five years later, 
 in connection with Major F. D. Pease and Z. H. Dan- 
 iels, he organized and fitted out the expedition to the 
 lower Yellowstone, known in history as the Fort Pease 
 expedition, and was one of the most daring and dan- 
 gerous expeditions ever undertaken in the state. With 
 a party of twenty-eight men they embarked in Mackinaw 
 boats at Benson's landing on the Yellowstone, and pro- 
 ceeded to the mouth of the Big Horn river. Three miles 
 below this point, on the north side of the Yellowstone 
 and in the heart of the hostile Indian country, they 
 built Fort Pease, and for eight months withstood the 
 assaults of the fierce and treacherous Sioux Indians, 
 enduring hardships and dangers such as seldom fall to 
 the lot of even brave fronti.ersnien. If was virtually an 
 eight months’ battle for existence, and during this time 
 six men were killed and nine wounded. When they 
 were not actually fighting the Indians they were obliged 
 to be in a state of constant watchfulness and prepara- 
 tion. The next year United States troops came to their 
 assistance and secured the peace and safety of the sec- 
 tion ; and thus through the enterprise of these daring 
 men it was made available for settlement and product- 
 iveness. Mr. McCormick himself raised the first flag 
 at Fort Pease, between the Crow Indian agency and the 
 Union Pacific Railway. 
 
 After this experience, Mr. McCormick joined the com- 
 mand against the Indians as a trader, and at the close 
 of hostilities located at Miles City and engaged in gen- 
 eral merchandising and freighting. In 1879 he removed 
 to Junction City and continued in business at that point 
 until 188.3, when, in partnership with Thomas C. Powers, 
 he organized the Paul McCormick Cattle Company and 
 continued freighting operations on a large scale. This 
 partnership and company lasted for ten years, at the 
 end of which the Custer Cattle Company was formed, 
 of which Mr. McCormick was elected president, and in 
 1898, when Spear Brothers Cattle Company was organ- 
 
 ized, he became vice-president of the concern. He 
 continued with these enterprises until his removal to 
 Billings, in 1891, when he organized the Paul McCor- 
 mick Company for general merchandising, a firm which 
 became one of the leading industries of its kind in the 
 city. In 1908 he sold his interests in this business to 
 Yegen Brothers and Highes & Yates, and since then has 
 been engaged in looking after his large farm, situated 
 two and one-half miles west of Billings, where he in- 
 tends to spend the remainder of his life. He can look 
 back over an honorable, well-spent life, content with 
 what he has accomplished, and with no doubts as to the 
 future. In political matters he has always been a stanch 
 adherent of Republican principles. Although he has 
 never sought public office, he has at various times been 
 honored by his fellow-townsmen, and in 1879 was elected 
 to the legislature as one of the first delegates from the 
 new county of Custer. Through some technicality he 
 was not allowed to have a voice in the body, but through 
 his personal influence succeeded in having the difficul- 
 ties removed and the organization of the county firmly 
 established. He was also sent as a delegate to the 
 Republican national convention in 1888, and has served 
 in various other capacities. On the occasion of Presi- 
 dent Taft’s visit to Billings in October, 1911, Mayor 
 Frank T.' Woods, in introducing Mr. McCormick as 
 chairman of the meeting held at the Babcock Theater, 
 spoke in part as follows : “I wish to present to you 
 
 for chairman of this meeting a man, a pioneer in all 
 that the word implies. Having lived in what is now 
 this commonwealth for more than forty years, most 
 of which time has been spent in this valley; a man who 
 has been honored by our citizens, and particularly by 
 his own party as delegate to the legislature in territo- 
 rial days, a member of the national convention which 
 nominated Harrison, and both a Roosevelt and a Taft 
 elector — in each instance he having had the honor of 
 receiving more votes than any other elector from this 
 state. I refer to klontana’s Grand Old Man, the Hon. 
 Paul McCormick of this city.” Further comment on 
 the universal respect and esteem in which he is held 
 would be superfluous. His fraternal connection is with 
 the Knights of Columbus and Billings Lodge, No. 394, 
 B. P. O. E. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. McCormick was united in marriage with 
 Miss Mary Spear, a native of ^Missouri, who was living 
 at Helena at the time of her marriage to Mr. McCor- 
 mick. P'ive children have been born to this union : 
 Paul, Jr., Myrl and Blythe, and two deceased, Edith, at 
 the age of twelve and Guy, at the age of four years. 
 
 Major Martin Maginnis. “Act well thy part; there 
 all the honor lies,” is a truism which has a specific and 
 determinate application and exemplification in the life 
 of this distinguished gentleman, who has been a factor 
 of eminent usefulness in the development of Montana 
 from the early pioneer days, who has rendered to the 
 nation the valiant service of a gallant soldier on many a 
 battle-field, who has been identified with those product- 
 ive activities which have advanced the progress and 
 prosperity of the country, wdio has honorably held posi- 
 tions of high public trust and who has had that deep 
 appreciation of the elemental rectitudes which ever im- 
 plies a life true to itself and its possibilities. 
 
 Martin Maginnis comes of that staunch nationality 
 which has had so valuable an influence upon the history 
 of the American republic, his parents, Patrick and 
 Winifred (Devine) Maginnis, having both been born on 
 the Emerald Isle, descending from a long line of Irish 
 ancestors. They immigrated to the United States in 
 1838, settling in the state of New York, but later re- 
 moved to Illinois and subsequently to Minnesota, where 
 they died at the conclusion of useful lives. Martin 
 Maginnis was born in Wayne county. New York, on 
 October 27, 1841. His childhood days until he was 
 eleven were passed in attendance at the public schools 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 987 
 
 and Macedon Academy and his education was continued 
 in Minnesota. He eventually entered Hamline Univer- 
 sity at Red Wing, but it was only a short time before 
 his patriotism led him to leave school and give his per- 
 sonal assistance to his country, then menaced by armed 
 rebellion. On April i8, i86i, he enlisted in Compmiy 
 F, First Minnesota Volunteers, under Captain William 
 Colvill, Jr., and was mustered in as its first sergeant. 
 After the first battle of Bull Run, where he received a 
 gunshot wound in the cheek, he was made second 
 lieutenant, and thereafter his regiment accompanied 
 General Shields on his campaign through Maryland and 
 Virginia, after which he was transferred to Sedgwick’s 
 division of the Second Army Corps, participating in the 
 siege of Yorktown and the battles of West Point, Fair 
 Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station (here he was 
 wounded in the left shoulder). White Oak Swamp, 
 Glendale and Malvern Hill. He was next with General 
 Hooker in the second fight at Malvern Hill, his regi- 
 ment forming the rear guard of the army and being the 
 last to cross the bridge when the Union troops retreated. 
 From Malvern Hill General IMcClellan went to Fort- 
 ress Monroe, and the Second Corps, under General 
 Sumner, went to Centerville, to reinforce General Pope. 
 After the second battle of Manassas General McClellan 
 assumed command. The regiment was actively and 
 prominently engaged in the battles of South Mountain 
 and Antietam. At Antietam Lieutenant Maginnis’ com- 
 pany lost twenty-five per cent of its members, he himself 
 being promoted first lieutenant for “gallant and merit- 
 orious service in the field.” His regiment led the ad- 
 vance of McClellan’s army when it crossed the Potomac, 
 and occupied a prominent position at Snicker’s Gap. 
 He was at Warrentown v/hen General McClellan was 
 relieved by General Burnsides, and the regiment led the 
 latter’s advance forces to Fredericksburg, being in the 
 Second Army Corps and in the division commanded by 
 General Couch, who constructed a pontoon bridge and 
 thereby captured Fredericksburg. l\Iajor Maginnis par- 
 ticipated in the assault on IMarye’s Heights, where he re- 
 ceived a slight wound in the side, his regiment holding 
 the ground gained until the army was withdrawn across 
 the Rappahannock. Later the regiment took part in the 
 campaign of Chancellorsville, during which the Federal 
 forces again crossed the river and carried Marye’s 
 Heights by assault, under General Sedgwick, who held 
 the ground until the army was again withdrawn across 
 the river. The Second Army Corps was now com- 
 manded by General Hancock, and followed General Lee 
 on his northern raid, leading the advance that event- 
 uated in the battle of Gettysburg. During this march 
 the regiment was actively engaged at Manassas and 
 Thoroughfare Gap. At Gettysburg where General 
 Sickles’ line was broken. General Hancock threw the 
 First Minnesota into the breach to hold the ground until 
 reinforcements could come up, and there was made the 
 most fatal charge known in the annals of warfare, the 
 loss aggregating, eighty-three per cent of the men en- 
 gaged. In Major Maginnis’ company of thirty-four 
 men, seventeen were killed and thirteen wounded. He 
 was here made captain and later promoted to major of 
 his regiment, in which capacity he led his command 
 with General Meade across the Rappahannock, partici- 
 pating in the battle of Bristow Station. The regiment 
 then accompanied General Grant to Cold Harbor, where 
 Major Maginnis was assigned to the command of the 
 Eleventh Minnesota, which reported to General Thomas 
 in Tennessee. He was now placed on detached duty, as 
 provost marshal of that state, and assigned to the staff 
 of the military governor, Andrew Johnson, afterward 
 president of the United States. The Major later re- 
 turned to his regiment, which took part in the battles 
 of Nashville and Franklin, Tennessee. In June, 1865, 
 at the close of the war. Major Maginnis was mustered 
 out of the service with the rank of major. His military 
 career was one of marked distinction, and to him at- 
 
 taches the honor of attending those who offered their 
 lives in defense of the nation’s honor during the greatest 
 civil war known to history. 
 
 After the war Major Maginnis was for a time editor 
 of a newspaper at Red Wing, Minnesota, but determin- 
 ing to locate in the west, he organized a party of one 
 hundred and forty men, who, with forty wagons, crossed 
 the plains to Montana, by the northern route, now the 
 line of the Great Northern Railroad. The party arrived 
 in Helena on September 5, 1866, and Major Maginnis 
 engaged in mining on Indian creek and in Mitchell 
 Gulch until August, 1867, when he became editor of the 
 Rocky Mountain Gazette, which was issued under his 
 direction until 1872. The paper eventually became the 
 Helena Independent, now recognized as the leading 
 Democratic daily of the capital city. In 1868 he joined 
 the ranks of the Benedicts, marrying Louise E. Mann, 
 a native of Michigan. In 1872 Major Maginnis was 
 elected territorial delegate to congress, defeating Hon- 
 orable W. H. Clagett, and in 1874 he was elected his 
 own successor, defeating Honorable Cornelius Hedges, 
 the Republican candidate. By subsequent re-elections 
 he remained in congress until 1884., serving six con- 
 secutive terms — a fact singularly indicative of trust and 
 confidence reposed in him by the people of the territory. 
 More distinguished honors were to be his, however. 
 He was a delegate to the constitutional converition in 
 1889, which framed the present constitution of Montana, 
 and took an active part in its proceedings. It will ever 
 stand to his credit as a high distinction in the annals of 
 Montana that he was chosen as one of the first two to 
 represent the new commonwealth in the United States 
 senate, his colleague being Hon. W. A. Clark. These 
 duly elected senators were denied their places in the 
 senate, the seats being awarded to Hon. W. F. Sanders 
 and Hon. T. C. Power. As congressional delegate 
 Major Maginnis made a reputation that has not been 
 surpassed in the history of that office, and succeeded in 
 obtaining benefactions for the young and struggling 
 territory which have so far not been equaled by all the 
 legislation obtained by a full state delegation in both 
 senate and house. He successfully abolished the Indian 
 reservations which then covered the larger portion of 
 the territory. Lie procured appropriations from congress 
 and caused to be established and built for the protection 
 of the frontier these army posts : Fort Logan, Fort 
 Keogh, Fort Custer, Fort Maginnis, Fort Assinnaboine 
 and Fort Missoula ; the assay office at Helena, and the 
 LTnited States penitentiary, at Deer Lodge, afterwards 
 turned over to the state. The other government build- 
 ings erected in Montana are those at Fort Harrison, in 
 the establishment of which he was an important factor. 
 He procured many appropriations for the payment of 
 depredation claims, the payment of the Montana militia 
 claims and various claims of citizens beyond enumera- 
 tion. He was active in the passage of land and timber 
 laws for the benefit of the settlers, and took an active 
 part in all general legislation, particularly affecting the 
 western states and territories. One of the most im- 
 portant laws contributory to the development of the 
 west was the general right of way for railways across 
 the public lands. This bill he drafted and carried 
 through congress, and under it all the railways in the 
 west, except the three chartered by congress, have been 
 constructed He procured the grant of lands for the 
 university and other state institutions, and was active in 
 procuring the admission of the state. Lie was contin- 
 ually chosen as chairman of the territorial delegates, 
 who then had a committee of their own ; achieved a 
 national reputation as a debater in the house of rep- 
 resentatives, and made notable orations at the national 
 cemetery at Gettysburg, the Soldier’s Home in -Wash- 
 ington, the reunion ol the Army of the Potomac in 
 Washington, the meeting of Democratic Clubs in the 
 Academy of Music in New York, and to the Tammany 
 Society at its hall in the same city. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 9HH 
 
 When the difficulty arose between the state and tlie 
 Northern Pacific Railroad Company as to title to min- 
 eral lands in the commonwealth, Major Maginnis threw 
 the full force of his strong individuality into the work 
 of securing to the state and the government the rights 
 justly due each in the premises, being made a special 
 commissioner, and he secured the congressional ap- 
 pointment of the mineral land commission for Montana, 
 whose work has recently been successfully completed. 
 For his efforts in this case alone the Major merits the 
 gratitude of the state. Major Maginnis has ever been 
 a fearless advocate of the principles and policies of the 
 Democratic party, whose cause he has clone much to 
 forward, through editorial utterances and influential 
 participation in its councils. He has represented the 
 party in many state conventions, was for years a mem- 
 ber of the Democratic national committee, and in 1896 
 was a presidential elector from Montana. He is rec- 
 ognized as one of Montana’s representative men and his 
 efforts in her behalf will be held long in grateful recog- 
 nition. The Major keeps alive his practical interest in 
 his old comrades in arms by retaining membership in 
 the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion. 
 
 Anthony Wayne Barnard. There is perhaps no rnan 
 in Butte, Montana, who has lived a more interesting 
 life than Anthony Wayne Barnard, nor one whose in- 
 fluence upon the development and upbuilding of this 
 part of the state has been so keenly potent. Not only 
 was he one of the earliest immigrants to this portion 
 of the Northwest, but he came here as a young man 
 with an unusual amount of grit and determination, and 
 at once set out to make himself a factor that would 
 be felt in the history of the state. From the time when 
 in 1866, a young man of twenty years, but brave and 
 adventurous in spirit, he started out with a team and 
 a spring wagon to cross the plains to Montana, up to 
 the present days of successful fruition of a life’s 
 ambition, he has had many experiences; some thrilling, 
 some trying and discouraging, many demanding^ con- 
 fidence and courage and strength of body and m.ind. 
 
 Air. Barnard was born in Chautauqua county. New 
 York. September 3, 1846, the son of Martin M. and 
 Elizabeth (Benedict) Barnard, and in early childhood 
 was deprived by death of a mother’s loving care and 
 ministrations. His father, a Virginian by birth, went 
 to New York, when young, and when the government 
 in the early fifties made a most liberal offer of lands 
 to settlers who would go west he took advantage of 
 the opportunity to acquire free land and located with 
 his family in Rock county. Wisconsin, where his death 
 occurred in 1876. The Barnard family consisted of 
 eight children, and Anthony, who was fifth in order 
 of birth, was a lad of bnt four or five summers when 
 his father went to Wisconsin. That part of the state 
 was then indeed the “Wild West” and the life of the 
 farmer’s son was then far different and perhaps much 
 more interesting than is now the case in the same 
 place with all its beautiful cultivated fields and modern 
 farm equipment and home conveniences. At any rate 
 Air. Barnard lived the life of the typical boy of the 
 Wild West. He went to school when opportunity was 
 afforded to do so, and by great good fortune secured a 
 finishing course at a good high school, completing his 
 studies finally when nineteen years old. Then began 
 his independent career. The call of the still further 
 west was in his blood, and as previously stated the 
 young man pluckily started out on a trip to Montana 
 with a team and a spring wagon as his principal outfit. 
 The route which he selected was that leading through 
 Council Bluffs and Omaha, then uo the Platte river 
 across the state of Nebraska to Fort Laramie. 
 
 This was in the year 1866, that memorable time when 
 Red Cloud and his band of Indian followers made so 
 much trouble for the pioneer settlers and emigrants 
 
 who were moving westward. It was at that time that 
 several bloody massacres occurred, among them that of 
 Harney’s men, and the whole country was aroused 
 over the situation. 
 
 Fortunately for them before Mr. Barnard’s party 
 left P'ort Laramie a treaty of peace was signed by the 
 Indians and the government, and the train of twenty- 
 five wagons to which he was attached suffered no 
 annoyance from the savages. However the streams and 
 rivers were much swollen and the party experienced 
 great difficulty in fording or crossing many of them. 
 When fording was impossible it was necessary to im- 
 provise rafts for crossing, and several men, and many 
 cattle and mules, were drowned while the crossings 
 were being effected. 
 
 Among other points of interest passed by the train 
 was the Custer Battle Ground, but after leaving Fort 
 Laramie, on one long stretch of five hundred miles not 
 a single human habitation was seen. The party trav- 
 eled the new Bozeman route and they saw Colonel 
 Bozeman at his ferry when they crossed the Yellow- 
 stone river, but soon his tragedy also was to be enacted, 
 for the ne.xt year he was killed. The train of emi- 
 grants of which Mr. Barnard formed a part arrived 
 at Virginia City late in July and reached Butte on 
 August 6, 1866, at which date the inhabitants of the 
 place did not number so many as one hundred and fifty 
 people. 
 
 The journey had been long and exhaustive, fraught 
 with many dangers and anxieties, delays were experi- 
 enced and difficulties had occurred on the way that had 
 not been anticipated, so that when the party arrived 
 numbers of them were without means, Mr. Barnard 
 being one of those whose slender provision of money 
 was entirely depleted. Although without funds he was 
 not discouraged, however, and he went to work prompt- 
 ly and energetically, securing work in the mines and 
 earning as much as was possible until winter closed 
 the season. When the mines closed no other work 
 was to be secured and as a result of the dark outlook 
 for the future many of his friends and acquaintances 
 returned as quickly as possible to their eastern homes. 
 Mr. Barnard, however, had a spirit made of “sterner 
 stuff” and having reached the land he sought was de- 
 termined to conquer all adverse conditions and wring 
 success from his adventure if life and strength did not 
 fail him. 
 
 During the time when no employment was to be 
 secured at cash wages he spent his time in prospecting 
 and was one of the first to find good placer grounds 
 and he was one of the first patentees of a claim within 
 the limits of the state, he having secured Number 42. 
 His ground proved to be rich and from the claim he 
 took out gold to the value of about $200,000. This 
 claim was located in Alissoula Gulch, where is now 
 what is almost the heart of the city, and in addition to 
 the value of the land for mining, after it had been 
 thoroughly worked Mr. Barnard sold town lots to 
 the value of $40,000 from it. Thus in his young man- 
 hood he laid the firm foundation for what he has made 
 into a large fortune and he is at this time rated as one 
 of the wealthiest property owners in this section. He 
 is extensively interested in various valuable mining 
 properties, among his holdings being a lot of seventy- 
 five quartz claims. 
 
 Alany fine pieces of city real estate are also owned 
 by Air. Barnard in Butte and besides the Barnard 
 block, one of the first large buildings he erected here, 
 he has built a large number of houses in other parts 
 of the city. His faith in this city and state is unbounded 
 and he believes that the future has in store a more 
 phenomenal growth and development than the past has 
 shown and in the progress that is to come he aims to 
 be an influential factor, as he has been in the develop- 
 ment during the past. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 989 
 
 When the call of need has come to him in whatever 
 capacity Mr. Barnard has always with promptness re- 
 sponded and on the occasion of the celebrated raid 
 made on the whites by Chief Joseph and his fanatical 
 followers he joined Hon. Wm. A. Clark’s company of 
 defenders and spent two weeks in the service. He 
 was not, however, a participant in the great battle which 
 was fought in the Big Hole country, and in which 
 thirty men were killed and many others v/ounded. for 
 his command was then engaged in another part of the 
 country and did not arrive on the scene until the day 
 after the battle. 
 
 Mr. Barnard is a man of strong influence in public 
 life and politically is a stanch advocate of Jeffersonian 
 Democratic principles. He has, however, consistently 
 refused the importunities of many of his friends to 
 accept official honors of any kind. He has been urgent- 
 ly solicited by both Republicans and Democrats of prom- 
 inence to become a candidate for mayor of Butte but 
 has always refused, feeling that he can best serve by 
 giving his attention to his business and the public 
 interests incidentally involved in the same because of 
 .their magnitude and important character. 
 
 In fraternal circles Mr. Barnard occupies a high 
 place. He is a member of the Masonic order and in 
 that lodge has given valuable service both in the ranks 
 of the craft and in official station in all the depart- 
 ments to which he belongs, lodge, chapter, council and 
 commandery. Of the last named he is past commander. 
 Fie also holds membership in the Silver Bow Club 
 and was that organi.zation’s first secretary. 
 
 On January 8, 1880, occurred the marriage of Mr. 
 Barnard to Miss Jessie G. Addis, a native of New 
 Jersey. They are the parents of five daughters, Lillian, 
 Ida, Josephine, Mabel and Edith. 
 
 Richard W: Clarke. One of the old and honored 
 pioneers of the Yellowstone valley, where he was one 
 of the first to cultivate the soil, is Richard W. Clarke. 
 Fie has been closely identified with the industrial growth 
 and development of this section ever since the Indian 
 trading days, and throughout his long and useful 
 career he has so conducted his activities that his 
 record stands without stain or blemish. Mr. Clarke 
 was born at Stoyestown, Somerset county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, October 22, 1840, and is a son of George A. and 
 Mary Fletcher (Black) Clarke. 
 
 On the paternal side of the family, Mr. Clarke traces 
 his ancestry back to John Clarke, who came to America 
 on the Mayflower and his paternal grandmother was 
 born at Fort Duquesne, Pennsylvania, of Holland an- 
 cestry. His grandfather on his mother’s side was a 
 native of Tyrone County, Ireland. George A. Clarke 
 was born in 1796. at Stony Creek, Somerset county, 
 Pennsylvania, and there was engaged in farming, as 
 the proprietor of a sawmill, as a merchant, and as a 
 tanner, and was also associated with the Shads Creek 
 Iron Company. He was a justice of the peace for a 
 number of years and was a prominent Whig until 
 1856, in which year he embraced the principles of the 
 Republican party. On his removal to Chattanooga, 
 Tennessee, he became an extensive owner of real 
 estate, the management of which he made his work 
 during the rest of his life, and his death occurred in 
 Chattanooga in 18S6, when he had reached the ad- 
 vanced age of ninety years. He was married in Wash- 
 ington county, Pennsylvania, to Mary Fletcher Black, 
 a native of that county, who lived to be eightv-tw^o 
 years of age, and they had a family of nine children, 
 of whom five are living: Richard W. ; Laura, w’ho is 
 the widow of James Cardin; Ida, the wife of Seth F. 
 Lewis; George A., of St. Louis, Missouri, who after 
 thirty-seven years of service is still in the employ of 
 a railroad; and Cora, the wife of a Mr. Burnett. 
 
 Richard W. Clarke was educated in the schools of 
 Pennsylvania, where from his eighteenth to his twenty- 
 first year he was engaged in teaching the same school. 
 In 1861 he removed to Jefferson county, Indiana, and 
 after two years spent there as an educator, started 
 overland with Major Colby, at that time Indian agent, 
 for Fort Lyon, Colorado. He then began trading with 
 the Indians, an occupation which he followed until 
 November 29, 1865, when Colonel Chivington attacked 
 Black Kettle's camp, where Mr. Clarke was trading and 
 nearly exterminated the Indians. Mr. Clarke then re- 
 turned to Leavenworth, Kansas, but in the spring of 
 1866 came overland on the Bozeman trail to Mon- 
 tana, going on up to Alder Gulch at a time when there 
 was but one log shack in the present city of Bozeman. 
 Subsequently he took up a homestead in the Gallatin 
 valley, where during the early days he met with numer- 
 ous exciting experiences. On one occasion the Sioux 
 Indians coming up 'he valley, killed three white set- 
 tlers, Mr. Clarke’s wife and baby being hidden in the 
 brush for fear they would pass by. He continued to live 
 in the Gallatin valley until 1878, and then removed to 
 near the present site of the city of Billings, purchasing 
 eighty acres of railroad land and later buying two 
 hundred and eighty acres from P. W. McAdow, where 
 he erected a home and set out trees that today form 
 a beautiful grove. Although it is not known whether 
 Mr. Clarke was the first to put a plow into the land in 
 the Yellowstone valley, it is known that he has the 
 distinction of being the first settler to use irrigation in 
 the valley, and there he developed a valuable property, 
 but in 1904 disposed of his ranch and went to Oregon 
 to deal in farm lands. This he continued until 1911, 
 and in that year returned to the Yellowstone valley, 
 where he has since carried on farming. Mr. Clarke is 
 a stanch Republican and cast his first vote for Abraham 
 Lincoln, but he has never cared for public office, al- 
 though he has done his duty as a citizen by serving as 
 a member of the school board both in Montana and 
 Oregon. He is a charter member of Ashlar Lodge 
 A. F. & A. M., in which he has numerous warm friends. 
 
 Oh October 21, 1869, Mr. Clarke was married to Miss 
 Davidella Wallace, who was born at Paducah, Ken- 
 tucky, March 2, 1853, the daughter of William and 
 Susanna (Leffle) Wallace, both of whom are deceased. 
 Mr. Wallace was born in Scotland and came to this 
 country with his parents when a mere child. Prior to 
 1849 he followed farming in Kentucky, and in that 
 year removed to California, but later returned to Ken- 
 tucky and subsequently went to Kansas, building the 
 first house in Leavenworth. Some years later he pur- 
 chased a farm near Topeka, on which the remainder of 
 his life was spent. Mrs. Clarke is the only survivor 
 of her parents’ twelve children. To Mr. and Mrs. 
 Clarke a family of twelve children have been born, all 
 of whom still live, as follows ; Rose, the wife of J. M. 
 V. Xochran, of Billings; Laura, B,, the wife of Chris- 
 tian Yegen, also of this city; Florence, wife of Henry 
 Scott, of Custer, Montana ; Alice, who married Henry 
 Morehouse, of Ada, Washington ; Abigail, who mar- 
 ried John Sparling, of Roundup; George, a resident of 
 Bend, Oregon; Mar}q the wife of Willard Stockwell, 
 of Musselshell, Montana ; Jay W., living in Carbon 
 county, Montana; Eva, the wife of Homer Finley; 
 Katherine, who married a Mr. Solem, and is an actress ; 
 Thomas Carter, connected with the freight department 
 of the Northern Pacific Railroad; and Ruth, who is 
 completing her education in Switzerland. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Clarke have twenty-seven grandchildren. Al- 
 though he possesses a handsome competency, honestly 
 and fairly earned, Mr. Clarke continues to engage in 
 activities, being still hale and hearty in spite of his 
 seventy-two years. His ability has been of a high 
 order, but it ranks no higher than his personal char- 
 acter, and he is honored and esteemed as one of those 
 
900 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 to whom the state of Montana owes its present great- 
 ness. 
 
 Hugh F. Galen. One of the founders and makers 
 of Montana, whose death occurred May 30, 1899, at 
 Los Angeles, California, his remains being buried in 
 the city of Helena, Montana, where for a long time 
 he had lived, Hugh F. Galen is at rest after arduous 
 labors, in peace after many contests, in the place 
 where he enjoyed in full measure the sincere regard, 
 the high esteem, the full confidence of the community. 
 Mr. Galen was born at the little town of Castle Derg, 
 County Tyrone, Ireland, March 17, 1826, He remained 
 in his native land attending school and working his 
 way along until he was nineteen years of age. In 1845 
 he emigrated to the United States, locating at Bangor, 
 Maine, where he engaged in the log and lumber business 
 for a year, when he removed to New Orleans and 
 was occupied in merchandising for another year. In 
 the spring of 1847, even before the discovery of gold 
 in California, the Pacific Coast wore to his awakened 
 fancy a winning smile, and He began freighting to its 
 distant regions, making a number of trips to Nevada 
 and California; and later traveling by way of Salt 
 Lake, Oregon and Washington, until he stopped near 
 the site of the city of Seattle, There he sold his teams, 
 built a sawmill, and engaged in lumbering and general 
 trading until 1859, making in 1858 a short stay within 
 the present limits of Montana during one of his trad- 
 ing trips, at which time he visited the town of Bannack. 
 
 In 1859 he again passed through a portion of iVIon- 
 tana on his way from Lhah to Washington. He did 
 not, however, linger long, but took up his residence 
 and engaged in business at The Dalles, Oregon. The 
 next year he returned to California, and from San 
 h'rancisco went to Dallas, Oregon, where he remained 
 until 1861, trading with the Indians and conducting 
 ;i hotel. In May, 1863, he removed to Salmon City, 
 Idaho, where he did trading and conducted a hotel 
 until the spfing of 1866. That year he came to Mon- 
 tana to stay, and located at Helena, or rather_ Last 
 Chance gulch, as it was then called. He began freight- 
 ing between the gulch. Fort Benton, and from Salt 
 Lake, Afterwards, in 1869, he added to his other profit- 
 able enterprises a stage route between Bozeman and 
 Helena, This he continued until the completion of 
 railroads in the territory in 1884 took away its best 
 patronage. But while it was in operation he carried 
 the United States mails and troops, and conducted the 
 whole business, on a highly profitable basis. From 1884 
 to the time of his death he employed his capital and 
 his energies in a number of well-paying industrial 
 enterprises, being at one time president of the Capital 
 City Lighting Company and a director of the Montana 
 National Bank — always driving with his characteristic 
 energy and clearness of vision some profitable mer- 
 cantile or productive undertaking which gave employ- 
 ment to others, kept the wheels of commercial activity 
 in motion, and helped to build up and improve the 
 community. In addition to his interests in Helena he 
 owned a number of valuable ranches in Jefferson, 
 Madison and Lewis and Clark counties, on which he 
 raised large crops and vast flocks of sheep down to 
 1882. Then he sold his sheep, numbering more than 
 10,000, and substituted other stock, and had in 1894 
 400 head of cattle and 900 horses. 
 
 Until the cataclysm of 1896 Mr. Galen was an un- 
 wavering Democrat in politics, and always manifested 
 the liveliest interest in the success of his party, so far 
 foregoing his ovvh preferences and tastes in 1876 as 
 to accept a seat in the territorial legislature as a 
 representative from Jefferson county. But, in general, 
 he was averse to public life and official station. 
 
 His wife, whose maiden name was Matilda Gillogly, 
 was like himself a native of Erin, and came to America 
 
 w;th her parents in infancy. Her family located in 
 Bangor, Maine, where the two young people first met. 
 She came west overland to meet her future husband 
 and they were married in San Francisco, June 23, i860. 
 This admirable lady died December 2, 1891. 
 
 There were seven children born to the union of 
 Hugh F, Galen and his wife, — Charles LI., Frank and 
 Llinnie, now deceased and four of the number sur- 
 viving. Ellen L., born April 15, 1861, at Dallas, Ore- 
 gon, is the widow of ex-Senator Thomas H. Carter, 
 resident of Helena; James L., born in Helena, March 
 28, 1871, until recently has been in Alaska, engaged in 
 mining, but was appointed superintendent of the Glazier 
 National Park a short time ago by President Taft and 
 is at present residing at Belton, Montana; Charles F., 
 born at Salmon City, Idaho, December 13, 1863, died 
 in Helena, August 2, 1875; Hugh F., born in Helena, 
 December 3, 1868, died December 27, 1897, in Wash- 
 ington, D. C. ;'Mary Agnes, born December ii, 1873, 
 at Llelena, died February 22, 1875; Albert J,, born 
 January 16, 1876; and Matilda Margaret, born Feb- 
 ruary 25, 1878, in Jefferson county, Montana, is the 
 wife of Thomas J. Walker of Butte, Montana, county 
 attorney of Silver Bow county. 
 
 iMiCHAEL Gurnett has spent all but four years of 
 his life as a resident of Montana, and he is glad that 
 those four w'ere his first, as he would not like to waste 
 any mature years out of the best state in the Union. 
 Omaha was his birthplace, and the home of his infancy, 
 but in 1864, the Gurnett family moved to Virginia City, 
 and after two years there took up their abode in the 
 Missouri valley, near Helena, where several of Mr. 
 Gurnett’s kinsmen still reside. His father, Patrick 
 Gurnett, was born in Ireland and immigrated to Amer-. 
 ica when still a boy. He traversed a large part of the 
 United States before settling in Montana, and in Ken- 
 tucky he was married to Ellen Dowling, like himself 
 a native of Ireland. When he settled in the Mis- 
 souri valley Llr. Gurnett engaged in farming and in 
 stock raising and he followed that line until 1890, 
 when he retired from business and took up his residence 
 in the pleasant little city of Townsend, where he still 
 makes his home. This spot is the more desirable lo- 
 cality to Mr. and Mrs. Gurnett because their daughter 
 Mary, now Mrs, Ragen, also makes her home there. 
 Her husband is a well-to-do rancher and stockman. 
 
 The ranch upon which Patrick Gurnett settled in 
 1866 was near the city of Llelena and it was in the 
 capital city that Michael went to school. LTntil 1882, 
 he was with his father in the cattle business and in 
 the sixteen years he gained a thorough knowledge of 
 the vicissitudes of stock raising. When he came to 
 Fergus county, he continued in the same business, 
 and his father was interested in most of his ventures. 
 Not until 1907 did Mr. Gurnett branch out alone in 
 the cattle trade. 
 
 Mr. Gurnett has the taste for politics which is so 
 dominant a characteristic of his race, and ever since 
 he was old enough to vote he has taken active part 
 in the councils of the Democratic party. For four 
 years before coming to Lewdstown he was treasurer of 
 Broadw'ater countv, and he was the first assessor of 
 Fergus county. Lie still holds that office, and that in 
 itself is sufficient comment upon his efficiency as a 
 public officer, and his nopularity in the county. 
 
 A member of the Catholic church, Mr. Gurnett has 
 no lodge affiliations except with the Woodmen of the 
 World. Of course he is fond of hunting and fishing. 
 These might be termed, the state amusements of Mon- 
 tana, for every able-bodied member of the common- 
 wealth shoulders his rod or his gun with that same 
 zeal with which the Chicagoan, for instance, hies him 
 to the baseball field. Another of Mr. Gurnetfs favorite 
 ways of employing his spare time is in reading. He has 
 
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 M . 
 
 fi^ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 991 
 
 a discriminating taste in books, as is proper to one 
 who makes friends of them. 
 
 Mr. Gurnett was married at Helena on May 6, 1890, 
 to Miss .Margaret McRae, the daughter of Donald and 
 Margaret McRae of Wisconsin. They have four chil- 
 dren, one son and three daughters. Miss Gertrude, 
 the eldest, was born in Townsend, and is now deputy 
 in her father’s office. Floyd E. is attending high 
 school in Lewistown, and his two younger sisters, Nel- 
 lie and Bertha, are both in the grades. All were born 
 in Townsend, and christened in the Catholic church, 
 of which their mother is also a member. 
 
 George W. Crane. Fifty years ago thousands of men 
 and boys marched away from comfortable homes and 
 loved ones to offer up their lives on the altar of 
 patriotism. Some dyed that altar with their life blood 
 and never returned ; others came back, but have borne 
 through the succeeding years the indelible imprint made 
 by a soldier’s hardships. Those who did return found 
 hard conditions awaiting them. After four years of 
 strenuous endeavor, when each minute might be their 
 last, when a nation’s life hung in the balance, depend- 
 ing upon their bravery and endurance, it was extremely 
 difficult to resume the ordinary occupation of peace. 
 Yet thousands did this very thing and developed into 
 magnificent men, sound of body, as well as of judg- 
 ment and principle, greatly benefited by the discipline 
 which their military life had ingrained in them, and 
 rounded out useful careers that have set an enduring 
 example to coming generations. One of the honored 
 veterans of the great Civil war, George W. Crane, 
 illustrates iri his life, the vicissitudes and experiences 
 of the typical westerner. One of Montana’s “old- 
 timers,” he has joined in the stampedes to the new 
 mining camps, has followed the open range, has gained 
 a name and position for himself in the world of busi- 
 ness, and has been one of the influential factors in the 
 development of Fort Benton, of which city he has 
 served as postmaster since 1900. 
 
 George W. Crane was born in the state of Vermont, 
 November 27, 1843. His father, James E. Crane, was 
 also born in the Green Mountain State, but in 1857 
 took his family to Champaign county, Illinois, where 
 he engaged in agricultural pursuits, subsequently be- 
 coming roadmaster for the Great Western Railroad. 
 He died in 1880, at the age of sixty-three years. His 
 wife, who bore the maiden name of Eliza Brown 
 Corlue, was born at Springfield, Vermont, in 1812, and 
 died at Jacksonville, Illinois, on November 10, 1905. 
 
 George W. Crane was educated in the schools of the 
 state of Illinois, and was thirteen years of age when 
 he was taken to Champaign county, Illinois, by his 
 parents. He was engaged as telegraph operator on the 
 Great Western Railroad at the outbreak of the Civil 
 war, and when President Lincoln issued his call for 
 troops was one of the first to respond, offering his 
 services to the Lyon Guards, an independent rifle com- 
 pany. After serving loi days with that company, he 
 assisted in the organization of Company I of the 
 Twenty-sixth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, of the 
 Fifteenth Army Corps, with which he served through- 
 out the entire period of the war. In the long list of 
 uotable hard-fought engagements in which he partici- 
 pated may be mentioned the battles of Corinth and 
 luka, the siege of Vicksburg and a number of hotly 
 contested engaaements in the south under Generals 
 Logan and McPherson. He was with General Sher- 
 man’s command on its famous march to the sea, and 
 was mustered out July 19, 1865, at Washington, D. C., 
 and discharged as a non-commissioned officer. Mr. 
 Crane had the record of a gallant and faithful soldier, 
 and received creditable mention for bravery in battle. 
 He was of the type of soldier that formed the backbone 
 •of the Union armies and which finally made them 
 
 victorious, justly winning the admiration of Iris com- 
 rades and the respect and confidence of his superior 
 officers. 
 
 On receiving his honorable discharge, Mr. Crane 
 went to Lafayette, Indiana, where he took a position 
 with the Wabash Railroad, but after a short period 
 spent in the freight department went to Hannibal, Mis- 
 souri, where he arrived December 14, 1865. He entered 
 the mercantile business in that city, but after a few 
 months sold his interests and started for Montana, 
 July 10, 1866, via the overland route from Omaha, 
 Nebraska, and on reaching the Gallatin valley took 
 employment on a ranch. One year later the discovery 
 of gold at Canyon Creek found him with the mad rush 
 of venturesome souls in search of the precious metal, 
 and after four years, during which he met with a fair 
 amount of success in placer mining, he went to Helena, 
 Montana, and was immediately employed as clerk in 
 the mercantile establishment of A. M. Holter, for whom 
 he worked eight months. At that time, learning of 
 the discovery of gold at Clancy and Ten Mile Creek, 
 he was unable to withstand the lure and packed his 
 prospector’s outfit and joined the rush, but after a 
 short period, meeting with only indifferent success, 
 gave up mining and for one year was again engaged 
 in ranching. Mr. Crane then decided to embark in 
 business on his own account, and accordingly opened 
 a mercantile establishment at Clancy, whicli he con- 
 ducted successfully until 1879, the year that saw his 
 advent in Fort Benton. Here at that time was located 
 one of the large stage stations, although Fort Benton 
 was then little more than a trading post, and Mr. 
 Crane was appointed agent, a position which he held 
 while conducting a general merchandise store until the 
 iron horse came to this point and eliminated the old 
 method of travel. He has continued his business, how- 
 ever, to the present time, and since his first appoint- 
 ment, July 21, 1900, has acted in the capacity of post- 
 master of Fort Benton, giving universal satisfaction 
 and being one of the most popular citizens of the com- 
 munity. Mr. Crane is a Royal Arch Mason and a 
 Knight of Pythias. A Reoublican in politics, for thir- 
 teen years he served as justice of the peace of Fort 
 Benton, up to 1899, and for the past thirty years has 
 acted as a member of the school board and still holds 
 office. With his family, he attends the Episcopal church. 
 The example Mr. Crane has set is a potent stimulant 
 to public-spirited activity. WhUe others have theorized 
 about benefits to be obtained he has been out working 
 to get them. Citizenship of this type is far too rare, 
 and it is probably for this reason that -he is recognized 
 as one of Fort Benton’.s most representative men. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Crane occurred February 14, 
 1877, Helena, Montana, when he was united with 
 Miss Julia lone Payne. They have had fifteen chil- 
 dren, as follows : Edgar Rufus, a prominent news- 
 
 paper man of British Columbia; Oliver B., a resident of 
 Havre; Ezra L., deputy county clerk of Chouteau 
 county, and a resident of Fort Benton; George W., 
 Jr., Miss Julia I. and Miss Florence E., living at the 
 family residence; and James P., Miss Gladys, Chester 
 A. and Harry H., all of whom are attending the Fort 
 Benton schools, and four who died in infancy. 
 
 Joseph Hirshberg. Prominent among the successful 
 business men of Montana, Joseph Hirshberg is emi- 
 nently deserving of some mention in a historical and 
 biographical work of this nature, devoted to the state 
 in which he has concentrated his business activities in 
 late years, and where he has won a high place in the 
 esteem and confidence of his fellow men. Mr. Hirsh- 
 berg was born in Posen, Germany, on January 28, 1847, 
 and' is the son of Abraham and Ernestine Hirshberg, 
 also of Posen, Germany, where they passed their lives. 
 
992 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 In early life Joseph Hirshberg immigrated to the United 
 States. He came to Montana in 1866. 
 
 Mr. Hirshberg was married in New York to Miss 
 Eva Davis, who was born April i, 1857. She died in 
 Helena, Montana, on August 14, 1907, leaving her hus- 
 band and four sons. They are named as follows ; Ed- 
 ward, born at Fort Benton, Montana, on April 10, 1880; 
 .Sidney, also born at Fort Benton, June 12, 1881 ; Mor- 
 timer, June 27, 1883; and Francis J., .\pril i, 1889. 
 
 Edward J., the eldest son, is cashier of the banking 
 firm of Hirshberg Brothers. He is a young man of 
 much ability and progressiveness, and is destined to 
 occupy a prominent place in the life of his community. 
 He married on June 12, 1907, at Missoula, Montana, 
 Miss Gertrude Kohn, daughter of Herman Kohn, an 
 old pioneer settler of Montana, and a well known 
 merchant and jeweler of Missoula. He has been a resi- 
 dent of the state since 1875, and is a heavy property 
 holder in and about his home city. One daughter has 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hirshberg, Eva, born at 
 .Missoula on March 7, 1910. 
 
 The three remaining brothers are unmarried as yet. 
 .Sidney, who is the second born of the four brothers, 
 is a member of the Hirshberg Mercantile Company of 
 Conrad, Montana, in which business he has been active 
 since he was graduated from the Helena high school at 
 the age of seventeen years. 
 
 George A. Bruffey. During the past decade various 
 sections of Park county have shown a decided growth 
 and development, both in population and industrial and 
 commercial importance, this increase being commen- 
 surate with the activities and progressive spirit of the 
 leading men of the several communities. Not the least 
 of these in point of advancement is the city of Bruffey, 
 named in honor of George A. Bruffey, who came as a 
 pioneer to Montana nearly half a century ago, and who 
 during his long residence in the state has identified 
 himself with business ventures of an e.xtensive nature 
 and rendered his section signal service in high public 
 office. Mr. Bruffey was born in Pocahontas county, 
 Virginia (now West Virginia), September 24, 1842, 
 and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Call) Bruffey. 
 
 John Bruffey was born in Pocahontas county, Vir- 
 ginia, in 1808, and as a youth learned the trade of 
 wagon maker. In young manhood he migrated to 
 Trenton, Missouri, where he worked at his trade for 
 about two years, then removing to Knoxville, Iowa, 
 where he continued to follow the same vocation until 
 the spring of 1848. Returning to Missouri, he spent 
 two or three years in that state, then going back to 
 Knoxville, Iowa, and being in business for five or six 
 years. Subsequently he secured a farm in Clark county, 
 Iowa, where the remainder of his life was spent, his 
 death occurring in 1880. He was a lifelong Democrat. 
 His wife, who was born in Greenbrier county, Virginia 
 (now VVest Virginia), in 1811, survived him until 
 1891, and was the mother of ten children, of whom three 
 survive; George A.; Mary, the wife of Jefferson Kil- 
 gore; and John, who makes his home in Iowa. 
 
 As was the custom of farmers’ boys of his day, George 
 A. Bruffey worked on the homestead place during the 
 summer months, and obtained his education in the dis- 
 trict schools during winters, thus spending a boyhood 
 in training his mind, while also building up a robust 
 and hearty physique. Fie was eighteen years of age 
 when he left the parental roof and started overland 
 with ox-tcams for Nebraska, where during i860 and 
 1861 he was engaged in putting up hay. In the spring 
 of 1862 he continued overland to Denver, Colorado, 
 where he followed freighting until the fall of 1863, on 
 September first of which year he started for the Salmon 
 mines, in Idaho, with ox-teams. Reaching that point, 
 the members of his party agreed to go on to Alder 
 Gulch, Idaho (now Montana), and for about two 
 
 years he was engaged in mining there, but subsequently 
 engapd m farming, an occupation which he followed 
 on the banks of the Jefferson river until 1866. That 
 year saw his advent in Butte, wliere he was engaged in 
 mining until 1869, at which time he embarked in the 
 dairy and merchandise business, and m keeping the 
 Fish Creek station on the overland road, a business 
 with which he was connected for a period coverino- 
 twenty years. Since leaving Pish Creek, Mr. Bruffey 
 has resided in^ Park county, and has been extensively 
 engaged in raising cattle and horses, and in general 
 ffirrnmg, his alfalfa crop in 1911 aggregating 100 tons. 
 He IS a shrewd and capable business man, and the hon- 
 orable and upright manner in which he has conducted 
 his dealings and the fact that his name has been asso- 
 ciated only with legitimate transactions, have combined 
 to give him a wide reputation for business probity, and 
 tq firmly establish him in the confidence of his fellow 
 citizens. Mr. Bruffey has been a lifelong Democrat, 
 and stands high in the counsels of his party in Park- 
 county. His first public office was that of deputy sheriff 
 in Madison county, Montana, under A. J. Snyder, the 
 first sheriff of that county. In 1872 he was elected to 
 the territorial legislature from Madison county, and 
 in 1876 he was appointed postmaster of Fish Creek by 
 President Grant, and held that office until 1889, also 
 serving as a member of the school board in Madison 
 county. In 1896 he was elected to the state legislature 
 from Park county and served one term, and in 1901, 
 through the efforts of United States Senator W. A. 
 Clark, the Bruffey postoffice was established and named 
 in honor of Mr. Bruffey, and since that time he has 
 held the office of postmaster. In addition he is acting 
 as a member of the board of school directors of district 
 No. 34. As an official he has shown himself at all 
 times to have the best interest of his community at 
 heart, and in the discharge of his duties has shown a 
 conscientious regard for the responsibilities of his of- 
 fices. He is a valued member of the Montana Pioneers’ 
 Society. 
 
 On February 12, 1871, Mr. Bruffey was united in 
 marriage with Miss Matilda Jane Ridlen, who was 
 born in Indiana, daughter of William and Malinda (De- 
 Vore) Ridlen. Mr. Ridlen, a native of Maine, came 
 west to Iowa among the pioneers of that state, locating 
 in Mahaska county, where he was engaged in agri- 
 cultural pursuits up to his death at the age of seventy- 
 five years. His wife, who lived to be eighty-nine years 
 old, was a native of Indiana, and they had ten diil- 
 dren, of whom two, Sabra and Mary, are living. Mr. 
 Bruffey’s wife died March 2, 1911, in the faith of the 
 Methodist Episcopal church, of which her parents 
 were lifelong members. She and her husband had the 
 following children; Margaret S., the wife of Montie 
 Cady; Alrneda I., wife of S. P. Skillman; Primus A., 
 who married Pearl Baker; Sylvia, the wife of James- 
 Gravley; Fatima, the wife of Frank E. Skillman; 
 Memrous, who married Ella Bouche; Elzina, wife of 
 Matthew Gravley; Minot and Emma, residing at home 
 with their father; and Ruth, who lost her life in an 
 accident. 
 
 Wheeler O. Dexter, well known among the pioneers- 
 of Chouteau county since 1866, was born in Canisteo, 
 Steuben county. New York, on July 31, 1843, and is 
 the son of Bela and Anna (Snyder) Dexter. The 
 father was a New Englander, and the mother was born 
 in New York state. Farming and lumbering occupied 
 the time and attention of Bela Dexter and he passed his 
 life in those occupations in New York, dying there on 
 February 15, 1851, while the mother lived to reach the 
 age of sixty. They had three children, Wheeler O. 
 being the youngest born. 
 
 To the age of twenty-two years, Wheeler 0 . Dexter 
 
riv. -' - i 
 
 " ■ ■■-■J 
 ; 
 
 ; : "I 
 
 ^ ' '■ 1 
 
 
 "I 
 
 . .A 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 993 
 
 lived in New York state in his native town. He was 
 educated in the common schools of his home community 
 and in the academy at Ithaca, New York, doing labor 
 for his board while at the common schools, labor, 
 hajdng and harvesting to pay for his academy school- 
 ing. When he was twenty-two he left home and came 
 directly west. Arriving at St. Cloud, Minnesota, he 
 joined a wagon train then being organized by one Jim 
 Fisk. Four hundred men, women and children made 
 up the company, and one hundred and forty wheeled 
 vehicles left St. Cloud on June 6, 1866, arriving at 
 Helena, Montana, on the 2d day of September fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 At Helena the party disbanded, but Mr. Wheeler had 
 left the outfit at a place called The Lakes, Chouteau 
 county, then went on to Helena and reaching it in 
 advance of the regular party. His first work in Helena 
 was for his board, and then he secured a position as 
 an engineer in a sawmill, situated in Dry Gulch, ana 
 after a short time he was engaged as engineer in a 
 quartz mill, where he remained for a year. He then 
 gave up the work and went up the river where he 
 established a wood yard, in which he continued for 
 a brief time. In the spring of 1868 he went to Benton, 
 where he worked at carpentering for a time, then tried 
 his skill at teaming. The next year, while in search 
 of coal, he was robbed of his team of three horses. He 
 followed the robbers twenty-six days, and finally suc- 
 ceeded in recovering two of his horses, after which he 
 devoted himself to cutting wood on the river for the 
 supplying of boats. That work proved profitable and 
 he continued in it until 1874, when he went to the 
 Gallatin valley and preempted some ranch lands. He 
 stopped there for two years, then sold his right and 
 came back to Benton, which has been his headquarters 
 ever since. 
 
 For a time after I\Ir. Dexter returned to Benton he 
 was occupied in hauling passengers and freight from 
 Cow Island to Helena and Benton, the latter place then 
 famous as a trading post. At the mouth of the Mussel- 
 shell river three more horses were stolen from him by 
 Indians, but this loss he never recovered, although 
 he pursued them hotly and in a running fight fired 
 eight shots into their midst before he was compelled 
 to seek cover. In 1874 he opened a meat market at 
 Bozeman, which he operated for a time, and at one 
 time he operated a threshing outfit in the Gallatin val- 
 ley, but for the most part he was engaged in freighting 
 up to 1879, when he introduced the first threshing out- 
 fit into Benton and operated it for years. In 1881 he 
 established a sawmill in Highwood which he ran for 
 three years, and when Great Falls was first opened up 
 he built a ferry boat to meet the demands of the traffic. 
 He later built a second one, and these he ran continu- 
 ously until the railroad went through. He built there 
 the first steam launch, and it was used as a passenger 
 boat on the river. Though his operations were care- 
 fully conducted, it is a fact that Mr. Dexter never 
 experienced any measure of financial prosperity while 
 away from Benton, and many an enterprise has known 
 his touch in the years that have passed, many of which 
 met with absolute failure ; others w'ith only common- 
 place success. At one time he operated an express 
 line from Benton to Great Falls. He freighted and 
 threshed all over the county of Chouteau. And he was 
 one of those who had the government contract to haul 
 supplies to Custer from Fort Shaw to the Big Horn 
 river on the Yellow'stone. He has seen the ups and 
 downs of western life, has had his successes and his 
 failures, like most men, but through it all has main- 
 tained a calm and quiet existence, untouched by worry 
 or doubt of the future. Mr. Dexter is a veteran of 
 the Civil war, having enlisted on January 4, 1864, in 
 Company F., in the Sixteenth New York Heavy Artil- 
 
 lery, and serving until the close of the war, when he 
 was honorably discharged. He is a member of the 
 G. A. R. at Ft. Benton. 
 
 Mr. Dexter is a Republican in his political views, 
 and at one time served in the office of public adminis- 
 trator in Benton. He is a Mason of the third degree 
 and is the oldest member in the order now living in 
 Benton. He is also a member of the Eastern Star. 
 
 Like every pioneer who has lived through the 
 formative period of western growth and development, 
 Mr. Wheeler has had his full share of the thrills and 
 chills which accompany close acquaintance with the un- 
 civilized Indian, but his heart is bound up in the west, 
 and Chouteau county, Montana, he regards as his 
 rightful home, where he has witnessed the progress 
 of almost fifty years of activity. 
 
 Thomas Lewis. Any record of the lives and activi- 
 ties of the progressive men who have contributed to 
 the development and advancement of Montana would 
 be decidedly incomplete did it not make extended men- 
 tion of Thomas Lewis, a well known retired citizen of 
 Bozeman, and a resident of this state for nearly a half 
 a century. Mr. Lewis was born in Ohio in 1842, and 
 is a son of John and Nancy Lewis, who emigrated 
 from Wales about 1838, settling first in Ohio and sub- 
 sequently going to Missouri, where the mother died. 
 Thirty-one years later Mr. Lewis lost his father, who 
 passed away at Emporia, Kansas. After the mother’s 
 death the home was broken up, and at an early age 
 he was thrown upon his own resources. 
 
 Until he was nine years of age Mr. Lewis attended 
 the district schools to some extent, but his advantages 
 were decidedly limited, and the greater part of his edu- 
 cation was secured in the school of hard work and 
 through observation. When he had reached the age of 
 ten years he began to work, and when he was thirteen 
 was a full-fledged hired man, working by the day or 
 month at any employment that presented itself. Thus 
 he was made self-reliant, and this faculty of always 
 depending on his own work and judgment has proved 
 of inestimable value to him in later years. In 1859 Mr. 
 Lewis determined to try his fortune in the west and 
 made his way to the Pike’s Peak country, at a time 
 when the whole nation was in a state of excitement 
 over the mineral discoveries there. This did not prove 
 a favorable venture, and to use i\Ir. Lewis’ own words ; 
 “When I 'got broke’ I was glad to go back to old Mis- 
 souri.’’ There he remained until the spring of 1863. 
 working industriously and saving his wages, being still 
 convinced that he could win success in the west, to 
 which he decided to return. Securing an outfit at St. 
 Joseph, Missouri, he set forth with four mules, and after 
 a weary journey of ninety-three days on the plains, ar- 
 rived in Virginia City, June 4, 1863. In 1864-65 he was 
 engaged in mining in Alder Gulch, near Virginia City, 
 and also about two miles below the present city of 
 Butte, then marked by only a few log cabins. In the 
 spring of 1866 Mr. Lewis came to Bozeman, where 
 he was employed in a sawmill and at other work until 
 the fall of 1S68, when he rented and operated a thresh- 
 ing machine during the season. In the following spring 
 he traded his outfit for a farm, the first of a number 
 of trades in which he invariably got the better of the 
 agreement, but disposed of his property after harvest, 
 and in 1870 resumed mining operations. In the spring 
 following he assumed the management of a ranch in 
 Gallatin county, and in 1872 took charge of a wagon 
 train for the firm of Rich & Willson, with whom he 
 remained until the spring of 1877. He then purchased 
 the mules and wagons and continued operations in 
 freighting during one season, but in 1878 sold his 
 wagon train and purchased an interest in the mercantile 
 business of General Willson, in Bozeman, this associa- 
 tion continuing about one year. In 1880 he was asso- 
 
994 
 
 HISTORY OF ^lOXTANA 
 
 dated with Major Pease in a trading post at the mouth 
 of the Stillwater river, and in i88i took over^ six hun- 
 dred head of cattle to the Chicago market, his partner 
 in this enterprise being J. H. Wells. In the spring of 
 
 1882 he associated himself with L. H. Carey and began 
 the manufacturing of brick at Bozeman. In the fall of 
 
 1883 he purchased the interest of the senior partner of 
 the firm of Rich & Wilson, conducting a grocery busi- 
 ness until the succeeding fall, when the partnership was 
 dissolved by mutual consent. In 1882 he was one of 
 the organizers of the Bozeman National Bank, in 
 which he held a directorship, until September i, 1884, 
 at which time he w'as elected vice-president of the in- 
 stitution and held that office until September i, 1888, 
 when he sold his interest, and since that time has been 
 engaged in buying and selling real estate. 
 
 A stanch and active Democrat, Mr. Lewis has held 
 various positions of public trust, and is looked upon 
 as one of the reliable wheel-horses of the party here. 
 He cast his first vote in favor of Grover Cleveland for 
 the presidency in 1892. In 1889 he was chairman of 
 the board of county commissioners of Gallatin county, 
 was a member of city school board for four years, 
 in 1896 became a member of the city council as alderman 
 from the Third ward and at present is on Gallatin 
 county high school board. In 1866 he became a member 
 of Gallatin Lodge No. 6, A. F. & A. M., of which he 
 served as master in 1880, 1888 and 1892. He and his 
 family attend the Protestant Episcopal church and are 
 well and favorably knowm in church circles. Probably 
 Mr. Lew'is is known best for his work in later years 
 in the Pioneers of Gallatin county. He served as 
 vice-president of this society in 1893, being elected pres- 
 ident in 1907. He also holds membership in the Mon- 
 tana State Pioneer Society, of which he was vice- 
 president in 1894. With a reputation for the highest 
 integrity, and holding the unquestioned confidence of 
 his fellow citizens, Mr. Lewis takes high rank among 
 the men who have made the city of Bozeman what it 
 is, and is deserving of being placed among the city’s 
 representative citizens. 
 
 On July 13, 1882, Mr. Lewis was united in marriage 
 with Miss Kate N. Martin, daughter of Judge Josephus 
 P. Martin. Mrs. Lewis is a graduate of the California 
 State Normal School at San Jose, in the public schools 
 of which city she taught for five years, and also was 
 a teacher in the Bozeman schools for two years prior 
 to her marriage. Miss Edna Lewis, the only child of 
 this union, graduated from the Bozeman high school 
 when but fifteen years of age. _ She then attended the 
 Montana State College of Agriculture and Mechanical 
 Arts, from which she was graduated, and subsequently 
 graduated from the University of California with high 
 honors and received the degree of Master of Mathe- 
 matics. She has since been teaching in the Bozeman 
 high school. In 1908 she was elected secretary of the 
 Pioneer Society of Gallatin County Sons and Daugh- 
 ters, was re-elected in 1909, and in 1910. 1911 and 1912 
 was elected president. A young lady of culture and re- 
 finement, she is a general favorite in social circles of 
 Bozeman, where her friends are legion. 
 
 Joseph G.vns. Both the pioneer and the modern 
 period of Montana history is represented by the well 
 known citizen of Helena, Mr. Joseph Gans, president 
 of the Gans & Klein Company of this city. Mr. Gans 
 is one of the few pioneers who are still active and 
 vigorous in business affairs, although to a considerable 
 degree he has turned over the management of his 
 business to his son, M. L. Gans. Mr. Gans has been 
 a resident of Montana since 1866, and has had a life 
 of all the varied experience which is typical of Mon- 
 tana history during the last half century. He has 
 been a freighter, a rancher and stockman, a merchant, 
 and through it all, a most public spirited citizen. 
 
 Joseph Gans was born in Newstadt, in German 
 
 Bohemia, Austria. His father was M. L. Gans, who 
 had served in the Austrian army. ■ The family came \ 
 to America in 1834 at which time, two brothers, F. R. I 
 and Herman Gans settled at Mobile, Alabama, while 
 another brother, S. M. Gans, located at New York City. 
 
 In the family of M. L. Gans the father, there were 
 nine boys and six girls, and as Joseph, the Montana 
 pioneer was the youngest of this large household cir- 
 cle, he has little remembrance of the older members 
 of the family, some of whom he has never seen. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Gans came to America in January, 1861. 
 
 He had obtained a fairly substantial education in his 
 native country, and since learning the English lan- 
 guage, has become proficient in its use, and is a man 
 of broad information and large knowledge of men and 
 affairs. In New York City, after his arrival in this 1 
 country, he remained one year and then crossed the | 
 
 Isthmus of Panama to California. Fle remained in ij 
 
 the western states six months, after which he went 
 to Oregon, where he was employed in a butcher shop 
 for more than a year. Boise, Idaho, was his next 
 destination, and from that point he was engaged in 
 operating a pack-train for two seasons. During the 
 summer of 1866 he went to Kootenai in British Co- 
 lumbia, but during the same year returned to the 
 states, and in December, 1866, arrived in Helena. Thus 
 he became one of the early traders and merchants of 
 that time, and had a store at the Jefferson Bridge, for 
 three years. From merchandising he turned his atten- 
 tion to ranching and cattle-raising, and was engaged 
 in that industry for some years. In 1876 he became 
 associated with Gans & Klein at Helena, also in the 
 sheep business in Wyoming, where he remained as 
 one of the leading sheep men of that place, until 
 1904. In the latter year he bought the business known 
 as Gans & Klein Company, and has since been presi- 
 dent of this well known concern. 
 
 Mr. Gans is a Republican in politics, and though 
 never an aspirant for office, has always fulfilled his 
 duties of citizenship with credit. He is a member of 
 the Jewish church. Fraternally he is affiliated with 
 the Masonic lodge of Helena, and has for thirty-five 
 consecutive terms held the office of treasurer. At 
 Flelena on November 26, 1878, Mr. Gans married Miss 
 Rachel Kaufman. Their children are named as fol- 
 lows: Sara L. Flatow, Flattie B., David S. and M. C. 
 Gans. 
 
 Hon. William G. Conrad. From the time of the 
 Louisiana purchase of the great northwestern empire 
 and its exploration by those intrepid men, Captains 
 Lewis and Clark, a halo of romance has hovered over 
 that land, particularly that portion embraced within 
 the confines of the state of Montana. For more than 
 a hundred years it has been the land of gold, — the 
 land of promise to ventursome and energetic spirits 
 who desired to get out of the beaten track and hew a 
 fortune for themselves from the primeval wilderness. 
 Among those who were inspired by the glitter of prom- 
 ise in the Rocky Mountains was Hon. William G. 
 Conrad, and that his dreams of future empire and 
 wealth have come true is fully shown by the pros- 
 perity of the great state of Montana at this time, and 
 in a personal way by his success as an Indian trader, 
 freighter, stock grower, financier, banker and miner. 
 
 Flis coadjutor and partner from the beginning in the 
 greater part of his business transactions has been his 
 brother, Charles E. Conrad. The ramifications of his 
 business are state wide and his interests not only 
 multifarious in number, but colossal in magnitude in 
 a country where business has been and is yet carried 
 on upon a gigantic scale. 
 
 Hon. W. G. Conrad, the descendant of old colonial 
 families, was horn in Warren county, Virginia, Au- 
 gust 3, 1848. His father was Colonel James W. Con- 
 rad, whose immediate ancestor, Joseph Conrad, im- 
 

 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 995 
 
 migrated from Germany to the New World and set- 
 tled in the beautiful Shenandoah Valley during the 
 early settlement of the Old Dominion. Colonel Con- 
 rad married Miss Maria Ashby, also a descendant of 
 the colonists who were identified with its history from 
 the earliest period. Her ancestor on the paternal side, 
 John Ashby, a loyal subject of King Charles I of Eng- 
 land, was among the first who landed on Virginia 
 soil. Mrs. Conrad’s great-grandfather, also named 
 John Ashby, was with General Washington under Brad- 
 dock at Fort Duquesne, and her grandfather, Benjamin 
 Ashby, was one of that great commander's confidential 
 officers throughout the Revolutionary war. Colonel 
 James W. and Maria (Ashby) Conrad were the par- 
 ents of thirteen children. They owned a large Vir- 
 ginia plantation, and the father was long a prominent 
 judge in his district, as well as colonel of the state 
 militia. In 1874 they removed to Montana in order 
 to be near their children, who had preceded them to 
 this state, and after many years of happy and con- 
 tented life they passed peacefully beyond the purple of 
 the mountains to the shining shore that awaits the 
 generations of men. 
 
 Flon. William G. Conrad, their eldest son, was reared 
 on the plantation in Virginia, and after attending the 
 district school perfected himself in his studies at the 
 famous Washington Academy. At the early age of 
 nineteen he determined to strike out for himself and 
 together with his brother Charles started for the head 
 waters of the Missouri river, by rail to Cincinnati, 
 thence down the river to Cairo, up the Mississippi to 
 St. Louis and on to Fort Benton, which they reached 
 in safety after a three months’ journey, although pass- 
 ing through many perils on the upper Missouri, where 
 hostile Indians were the only inhabitants. On arriv- 
 ing at Fort Benton, Mr. Conrad at once plunged into 
 business, and his career has been remarkable in its 
 upward and onward march. He began as a clerk in 
 the mercantile establishment of I. G. Baker & Com- 
 pany, and at the expiration of a period of four years 
 became a member of the firm. Within eight years 
 he and his brother secured the possession of the im- 
 mense resources and prestige of the firm liy purchase. 
 The business of this firm was one of the most exten- 
 sive and far-reaching of any conducted by private 
 capital in the northwest and Canada, comprising as it 
 did large freighting operations and numerous mercan- 
 tile establishments in both the United States and the 
 Dominion of Canada. Enormous quantities of sup- 
 plies were transported from Fort Benton for both their 
 own use and that of the Canadian government, which 
 service required the use of hundreds of men and 
 thousands of oxen, horses and mules. After the pur- 
 chase of the Baker interests the Conrad Brothers di- 
 vided the control of the business. W. G. Conrad took 
 charge of the Montana branch, while his brother 
 Charles had control of the Canadian department. The 
 latter included large stores at Lethbridge, Fort IMc- 
 Leod. Calgary and Fort Walsh, and a bonded freight- 
 ing line extended from eastern Canada to the North- 
 west Territory. The firm handled all kinds of military 
 and Indian supplies and furnishes the money to the 
 Canadian government with which to pay the mounted 
 police and Indian annuities. In Montana their freight 
 lines extended almost the entire extent of the territory, 
 supplying Helena, Bozeman, Missoula and many other 
 places with their merchandise, and the government 
 with supplies for soldiers and Indians. In addition to 
 this vast business they also operated a number of 
 steamboats on the Missouri river and several Canadian 
 streams. It was a common thing for the firm to handle 
 more than twenty million pounds of freight in a year, 
 but their executive ability and systematic manner of 
 conducting the business was such that the immense mass 
 was carried on apparently without effort and entirely 
 devoid of friction. The business was discontinued in 
 
 Vol ii— 1 0 
 
 1888, when the Canadian department was disposed of 
 to the Hudson Bay Company, the sale being concluded 
 in London. Before the end of that year they had also 
 disposed of the freighting line. 
 
 As a side issue to their great affairs, they had be- 
 come interested in the cattle business in Montana as 
 well as in Canada, and were the possessors of im- 
 mense herds in both places. The business and assets 
 of the firm became so extensive that Mr. Conrad de- 
 termined to establish a bank in 1880, and accordingly 
 he started a banking house in Fort Benton, called the 
 First National Bank of Fort Benton, of which he was 
 president during its life there, and together with his 
 brother was the sole owner of the bank when it re- 
 moved to Great Falls and renamed the Northwestern 
 National Bank. In 1894 they sold one fifth of the 
 slock in the Northwestern to the Boston & Montana 
 Copper Company, and B. D. Hatcher was put in charge 
 of the bank. At the end of two years Mr. Hatcher 
 purchased the interest of the Conrads in the bank for 
 the Boston & Montana Copper Company, and two 
 months later the bank closed its doors. Then it was 
 that the true spirit and sterling character of W. G. 
 Conrad was shown in a conspicuous unmistakable 
 manner. He was in White Post, Virginia, at the time, 
 but when the news was flashed by telegraph that the 
 bank had failed, Mr. Conrad at once dispatched a 
 message, saying: “I want every depositor paid in full!” 
 In this message he also asked James T. Stanford to 
 act as receiver. Through Mr. Conrad’s influence in 
 Washington, Mr. Stanford was appointed receiver and 
 the indebtedness of the bank to its depositors paid in 
 full, a fact which is known not only to the people of 
 Montana, but to the bankers of the United States. 
 Legally Mr. Conrad was not liable for the indebted- 
 ness of the bank, but he waived all other considera- 
 tions for the benefit of his friends and neighbors who 
 had deposited their money with him in the full con- 
 fidence that it was safe because they knew him so well 
 and believed so fully in his honesty and uprightness as 
 a man, and his conduct at the crucial moment amply 
 justified their confidence. 
 
 In recent years Mr. Conrad's activities have taken 
 an even wider range. He has recently established a big 
 banking institution in the city of Helena called the 
 Conrad Trust and Savings Bank, and is a heavy stock- 
 holder and president of the Montana Life Insurance 
 Company. He is president of the Conrad Townsite 
 Company, which owns large tracts of land, water com- 
 panies and power plants. He is also a large owner in 
 and treasurer of the Conrad-Price Cattle Company, 
 which ranked among the leading cattle growers of Mon- 
 tana and Canada. He is the principal stockholder of 
 the Spring Hill Mine near Helena, a gold proposition 
 that has an estimated value of one million dollars : and, 
 as though all these interests were not sufficient to oc- 
 cupy the time and exhaust the faculties of this inde- 
 fatigable man. he controls the stock and is president of 
 the Conrad National of Kalispell, the Pondera Valley 
 State Bank of Conrad, and the First State Bank of 
 Livingston. He is president of the Conrad-Stanford 
 Company at Helena, which firm was established in this 
 city in igo2, when it purchased the assets of the First 
 National Bank and the Merchants National Bank, and is 
 the owner of mines and real estate in various parts of 
 the state. 
 
 Only a man of Mr. Conrad's iron constitution could 
 withstand the strain imposed by his various responsi- 
 ble and exacting duties. His operations in the sphere 
 of finance are of colossal magnitude and far-reaching in 
 variety, yet they are all so systematized that they seem 
 as easy of accomplishment by him as though they con- 
 sisted of an ordinary business of no greater magnitude 
 than the conducting of a cross roads store. He holds 
 high rank among the financiers of the country and pur- 
 sues a simple, unostentatious life. The Conrad Bank- 
 
996 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ing Company of Great Falls is another of his institu- 
 tions and he owns in addition large business blocks 
 in that city. In fact, he is one of the greatest factors 
 in the business of the northwest; and so honorable and 
 fair have been his dealings throughout that no one be- 
 grudges him the high station in wealth and influence 
 that he has attained. 
 
 Politically Mr. Conrad is a Democrat and has been 
 an advocate of the principles of that party since he has 
 been of legal age, and the party has honored him with 
 various offices, which he filled with signal ability. He 
 was county commissioner of Chouteau county when 
 barely of age, and held the office while he was a resi- 
 dent of the county. He was also a member of the 
 state senate in 1879, filled a number of offices in Fort 
 Benton and was its first mayor. He has also been a 
 candidate for the United States senate, and in i88g 
 lacked but four votes of being elected. His friends 
 have repeatedly urged his candidacy for the office, know- 
 ing his great ability and fitness for the position, and 
 he has been favorably mentioned as a candidate for 
 the vice-presidency of the United States. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Conrad occurred in 1876, when 
 he espoused the daughter of Hon. Paul L. and Almira 
 (Hopper) Bowen, of Virginia, — Miss Fannie E. Bowen. 
 Five children have been born to them. They are Maria 
 Josephine, the wife of A. Gilbank Twigg, living in Fa- 
 quier county, Virginia; Minnie Atkisson; George Hat- 
 field, married to Kate Kennedy and resides in Plelena, 
 and they have one child, Kathryn ; Arthur Franklin 
 married Lanita Randell, and is living in Great Falls, 
 Montana, and they have one son, William PI. ; and Wil- 
 liam Lee, who died in 1878, at the age of one year. The 
 wife and mother, who was born October 5, 1853, passed 
 away in Plelena on February 20, 1911. Her loss was 
 deeply deplored wherever she was known, and the fol- 
 lowing comment which appeared in a Helena paper at 
 the time of her death is a fitting commentary on the 
 life of one who was well beloved by all who were privi- 
 leged to share in her acquaintance : “Mrs. Gonrad was 
 the embodiment of southern hospitality, and whether 
 it was at Fort Benton in the early days, in Great Falls 
 in later years, or more recently in Helena, her friends 
 always knew they were more than welcome in her 
 home. In recent years Mrs. Conrad had not been physi- 
 cally able to take the leading part she did in earlier 
 days in the social life and the philanthropies of the 
 commonwealth in which she lived, but those who had 
 the pleasure of her acquaintance and friendship in the 
 early days recall the delightful way in which she did 
 what she could to make others happy. But she never 
 lost her interest in the welfare of those less fortunate 
 than herself, and there were many, not only among her 
 close associates, but among those who looked to her 
 as a friend in time of need, who will sincerely mourn 
 her,” The legislature of Montana, in session at the 
 time of the death of Mrs. Conrad, adjourned as a special 
 mark of respect to her memory. 
 
 In addition to his beautiful residence in Helena, Mr. 
 Conrad owns a fine estate in Virginia, his native state, 
 as well as that of his wife, and there he and his fam- 
 ily have been wont to repair for a season of rest and 
 recreation during the winter months, Mr. Conrad is 
 a member of the Episcopal church, as was also his 
 wife, and he is personally identified with the Masonic 
 order. 
 
 In all his relations to his fellow men, Mr. Conrad has 
 been just and upright and unsparingly fair, and as a 
 matter of course, he stands high in the estimation of all 
 business, financial and social circles, and is fully en- 
 titled to the distinction accorded to him. 
 
 Henry S. Neal. As assessor of Deer Lodge county, 
 Montana, the subject of this sketch is held in the highest 
 regard by the people of the entire county and especially 
 of the city of Anaconda. He has held other public 
 
 offices, in each of which he acquitted himself with dis- 
 tinction and evidently with satisfaction to the people, 
 for it is by the people’s voice that he holds his present 
 honorable position. 
 
 Henry S. Neal is a native of Maryland, born in Balti- 
 more, January 15, 1844. His parents moved to West- 
 minster, that state, while he was an infant, and there 
 made their home. Fie was educated in the public 
 schools and entered college, but at the outbreak of 
 hostilities between the states in 1861, he left college 
 when but seventeen years old and joined the Con- 
 federate army under General Robert E. Lee. He became 
 a member of Breathitt battery, of the Flying Artillery 
 service, and served in that branch of the army through 
 the entire period of the war up to the surrender of 
 General Lee. Very shortly after the close of hostilities 
 he decided to locate in the west. He traveled from 
 Virginia to St. Louis, Missouri by rail; thence to 
 Kansas City by boat ; to Atchinson, Kansas, by rail, 
 where he joined Shrewsbury’s train consisting of twenty- 
 four mule and ox-teams and thirty-two men. With this 
 outfit he traveled to Julesburg, thence up Pole creek to 
 Fort Buford, and then by Green river to Salt lake, 
 where he arrived in September, 1866. He found em- 
 ployment in the planing mills of Decker & Evans in 
 Salt Lake City, and worked there until the following 
 spring, when he went to Virginia City, Montana, and 
 after a very brief stop went on to Helena. At this 
 place he began placer mining, and followed it with varied 
 success for some time. He enlisted in the Montana 
 Militia, serving as lieutenant under Neil Howe. With 
 his company he made a trip to Yellowstone park, where 
 trouble arose in the ranks, and the entire company, with 
 the exception of the officers, left the service. With 
 his fellow officers. Lieutenant Neal returned to Helena, 
 where he again took up placer mining at Last Chance 
 Gulch. 
 
 Becoming tired of this occupation, Mr. Neal turned 
 his attention to stock raising, taking up a claim in 
 the same vicinity. He remained there, meeting with 
 fair success, until 1871, when he sold out his ranch 
 property, and moved to Deer Lodge county, where he 
 leased the Dance Ranch. He remained on this ranch 
 three years, when he again took up mining in the 
 section known as Squaw Gulch and worked there two 
 seasons for wages. Next he returned to Deer Lodge 
 county, where he leased the Bratton ranch, which prop- 
 erty he conducted with good success until 1884. At 
 that time he again sold out his ranch and moved to 
 Anaconda. Always an active man, he identified himself 
 with public affairs very soon after locating in the city, 
 and served one term there as street commissioner, at 
 the conclusion of which he moved to Granite county and 
 opened a general store and boarding house in_ 1^5. 
 This venture prospered and he remained with it five 
 years. In 1890, an opportunity presenting itself for 
 advantageous sale he disposed of his property, again 
 located in the city of Anaconda and became interested 
 in public matters. He was elected justice of the peace, 
 which office he held four years. In 1908 he was elected 
 assessor of Deer Lodge county, and now holds that 
 office. 
 
 Mr. Neal is a Republican, and active in party affairs, 
 notwithstanding the fact that he fought valiantly in 
 the Confederate army. He is a member of the National 
 Union and one of its prominent officers. He owns a 
 handsome home in the city of Anaconda, where he lives 
 with his family and is the possessor of considerable 
 other city real estate. 
 
 On August 9, 1868, Mr. Neal was married in Helena, 
 Montana, to Miss Marv M. Pouquett. They have had 
 four children. One son, A. H. Neal is assistant to his 
 father in the assessor’s office at Anaconda. Paul R. 
 Neal, another son, is manager of the Atlas Mines in 
 Granite county, Montana. Harry C. Neal, a third son, 
 is clerk for the Atlas Mining Company. Edna, a 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 997 
 
 daughter, is now Mrs. Lawrence McPherson, of Port- 
 land, Oregon. 
 
 The parents of Henry S. Neal were Abner Neal and 
 Mrs. Rose Elizabeth (White) Neal, of Maryland. Abner 
 Neal was a lawyer of much prominence in Baltimore 
 and Westminster. He was uncle to President Grover 
 Cleveland. A sister of Abner Neal was the mother 
 of Mr. Cleveland. Henry S. Neal enjoys the comforts 
 of a pleasant and cultured home in Anaconda. He 
 appreciates the honor accorded him by his fellow citi- 
 zens, but his chief source of pride is the fact that he 
 has been able to so successfully rear and educate his 
 children, every one of whom has been an honor to their 
 parents. 
 
 Edw.ved Br.xssey has the distinction of being the 
 oldest white resident of Lewistown. When he first 
 came here there were only five white men in the place 
 so he is able to speak with authority on the progress 
 and development of this section. iMoreover he taught 
 the first school ever held in Eergus county and so has 
 been identified with the educational work of the region 
 from its very beginning. 
 
 Born in England on October 22, 1844, Mr. Brassey 
 received the thorough and systematic training of the 
 English public schools,. His father was engaged in the 
 lumber business and spent all his life in England. 
 He died while on a visit to the island of Cyprus in 
 the Mediterranean when he was about seventy years 
 old. His wife was Elizabeth Poyntz, who was born in 
 1827 and died fifty years later. Edward Brassey is the 
 eldest of the three children of the famih'. At the age 
 of twenty, IMr. Brassey came to America and spent 
 three vears traveling about the country working at 
 various occupations of a clerical nature. In 1867 he 
 made the trip from Omaha to Montana and finished 
 the jouiTiey without serious accident, althougli the 
 party had many skirmishes with the Indians. Like most 
 settlers of that period, Mr. Brassey had been attracted 
 to Montana by the rich discoveries of gold and he took 
 up his residence in one of the camps in the vicinity of 
 Helena. The location he selected was Eldorado Bar 
 and here he worked at mining in the summer and 
 taught school in the winter. * The presence of an Eng- 
 lish public-school man in the raw mining camp was 
 nothing short of a bonanza to the settlers who had 
 brought their families and many a child received a 
 grade of instruction out in the wilds, which was not 
 afterwards equalled in the institutions of cultured and 
 settled communities. 
 
 It was in 1881 that Mr. Brassey came to Fergus 
 county. For a number of years he followed ranching 
 along with his work as an educator. Later, as the 
 county became more thickly settled he went into the 
 land and insurance business. At present he is a prac- 
 ticing land attorney besides representing several in- 
 surance companies. 
 
 On Christmas eve of the year 1876, Mr. Brassey was 
 married to Miss Lucinda Smith, daughter of John 
 Smith of Eldorado Bar. The wedding was celebrated 
 in Helena. They have two children, both of whom 
 live in Lewistown. Lillian is the wife of James H. 
 Charter and William E., makes his home with his par- 
 ents. 
 
 Mr. Brassey is an active Republican Bull Moose and 
 he has long been influential in the ranks of the 
 party. He was public administrator of Fergus county, 
 a member of the city council of Lewistown, register 
 of the United States land office for eight years and 
 IS now justice of peace. In addition to these public 
 offices, Mr. Brassey was at one time , superintendent of 
 the schools of Meagher county. In every place which 
 he has filled. Mr. Brassey has discharged the duties 
 of the position with characteristic fidelity and efficiency. 
 He feels a proprietary interest in the town which he 
 
 has seen grow up from the very foundation and he is 
 eloquent on the subject of its opportunities. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Brassey are members of the Episcopal 
 church and Mrs. Brassey is one of the most devoted 
 of its attendants. In the fraternal orders of Lewis- 
 town, Mr. Brassey is affiliated with the Elks and with 
 the Knights of Pythias. He has filled all the chairs in 
 both these lodges. As is to be expected of one of Mr. 
 Brassey's training he is a great lover of books, and not 
 less fond of music. Being an Englishman by birth and 
 a Montanian by choice, he naturally takes kindly to the 
 rod and the gun. Although he is Lewistown’s oldest 
 citizen his activities are by no means restricted to the 
 traditional ones of the “oldest inhabitant.” He does 
 not spend his time in recounting the exploits of the 
 past, for he is a representative Montanian, whose eyes 
 are fixed upon the future and whose hands and heart 
 are given unreservedly to the present. 
 
 John M. Evans, unlike most of the prominent citi- 
 zens of Missoula, was not obliged to come west alone 
 in his early boyhood to coax the smile of fortune. His 
 father, Philip E. Evans, was a prominent farmer and 
 stock raiser of Missouri, living most of his young 
 manhood near Sedalia. He married Mary B. Powel 
 of Virginia and together they started for the west, 
 immediately after the close of the late war. Their 
 first stopping place was Adler Gulch, Montana. Here 
 they took up a claim which they farmed until the 
 spring of 1870, when they moved to Deer Lodge, where 
 they remained until the death of the father in 1889. 
 He passed away at the early age of fifty-five years. 
 Mrs. Philip Evans, his wife, still lives, a joy to her 
 children, with whom she makes her home. 
 
 Thus the son, John M. Evans, the subject of this 
 sketch, may almost be considered as a Montana prod- 
 uct. During his boyhood, he attended the public 
 schools of Deer Lodge and later obtained the appoint- 
 ment to West Point. Here he remained for only one 
 term as that seemed quite a sufficient leno-th of time in 
 which to convince him that the life of the army officer 
 would never be to his liking. Even then, he seemed to 
 realize that his calling in life was to mingle with his 
 fellow men. to work toward the betterment of social 
 and political conditions. On hTs return from his year 
 at West Point, his parents desired that he should return 
 to their native state for the completion of his educa- 
 tion. Hence, the following autumn, he left for Colum- 
 bia, Missouri, to enter the state university situated 
 at that place. He was graduated, in 1887, from the 
 law department of this university and returned to Mon- 
 tana to begin the practice of his profession. For the 
 first year he practiced in Butte in the office of Judge 
 W. H. DeWitt, but seeing an opening in Missoula and 
 desiring to establish an office of his own, he made the 
 change in 1888. The very next year he was chosen 
 police judge, so soon was his ability recognized. This 
 office he filled for five years and might have held for 
 a much longer time had not President Cleveland, of 
 whom Mr. Evans was always an ardent admirer, 
 asked him to serve as registrar of deeds in the United 
 States land office. At the close of the administration 
 he resumed the practice of his profession, gathering 
 up without difficulty the loose threads of his practice. 
 
 When the first election was held in Missoula under 
 the commission form of government the people were 
 enthusiastic in their desire to place iMr. Evans as one 
 of its heads. They knew that he would bend every 
 effort to give their city a clean, fair and prosperous 
 city government. This_ time, the people triumphed 
 over all political machines and John M. Evans was 
 elected from a field of eight candidates and by an 
 immense majority. He is still serving in this capacity 
 and although a loyal Democrat, he permits no party 
 politics to enter into his decisions or to bias his judg- 
 ments. In 1902 he was the candidate of the Demo- 
 
998 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 cratic party for congress, and in 1912, on November 5th, 
 he was elected to the United States^ congress from 
 Montana. For ten years he served his state as. vice 
 president of the state board of education. 
 
 Shortly after coming to Missoula, he was married, 
 in Helena, Montana, to Miss Helena G. Hastings, a 
 native daughter of sunny California. They are now 
 the parents of two sturdy sons, Beverly P., and Philip 
 C. Evans. These lads are enthusiastic little citizens of 
 their state and their city — the sort of material that 
 is building up a powerful west. 
 
 Mr. Evans is interested in a number of secret organ- 
 izations. Although a member of the Masonic order, 
 it is to the Knights of Pythias that he has devoted 
 most of his time and service. For four years he was 
 head of the order for the state of Montana and for 
 eight years has been a delegate to the supreme lodge. 
 
 Mr. Evans’ chief interest at the present time, aside 
 from his ambitions for his sons, seems to be to make 
 Missoula a city that will stand among her peers for 
 progress and clean government. 
 
 Hon. Thomas C. Power. One of the most success- 
 ful business men in the northwest and one whose con- 
 structive ability and far-reaching enterprises are con- 
 ducted on a gigantic scale, is the Hon. Thomas C. 
 Power, of Helena, Montana. His influence in the up- 
 building of the state has been conspicuous and never 
 flagging from the time of his advent into Montana as 
 a permanent resident in 1867. Three years before that 
 time he had touched the eastern boundaries of the state 
 and was from that time on identified with it as a whole- 
 sale shipper of goods and merchandise from points in 
 Nebraska. 
 
 Identified with the west from his early youth, Mr. 
 Power has known its needs and been able in a large 
 measure to supply them and not only that, but to map 
 out a line of future activity and usefulness that would 
 and did redound to his own credit and to the credit 
 of the people and to the state at large. He had few 
 advantages in early life, but made the most of those 
 which were available, which, coupled with a will and a 
 determination to excel in his particular line of endeavor, 
 served to carry him to the highest pinnacle of success. 
 He has been above all a leader in thought and action in 
 all of the many indispcnsaljle things that were essential 
 in establishing a great state of the Union, and his 
 name is engraved on the scroll of fame in endurable 
 work and achievement well conceived and nobly 
 wrought that will benefit his fellow man for genera- 
 tions. 
 
 Mr. Power was born in Dubuque, Iowa, May 22, 1839. 
 His father, Michael W. Power, was born in Ireland, and 
 his mother, who w'as Catherine McLeer before her mar- 
 riage, was born in Hagerstown, Maryland. Michael W. 
 Power came to the United States when a boy and settled 
 in Iowa, at that time one of the frontier districts, new 
 and undeveloped, and in 1836 was married to Miss Mc- 
 Leer in the village of Peru, a suburb of Dubuque. By 
 occupation he was a farmer and also conducted mer- 
 chandising for some years, besides engaging in lead 
 mining. He was a true type of the industrious and en- 
 terprising emigrant from the Emerald Isle and did his 
 full share in introducing civilization into what is now 
 one of the most prosperous states of the Lhiion. He died 
 near the site of his original settlement in the fiftieth 
 year of his life. Mrs. Power survived her husband for 
 years, reaching the age of seventy-five years before 
 passing into the beyond. They were the parents of four 
 children; John W. ; Sarah E. : Mrs. T. L. IMartin, of 
 Helena: and Thomas C. Power. 
 
 The childhood and youth of Mr. Power were passed 
 on the farm in Iowa, and he being the eldest of the 
 children his services w'cre early requisitioned for farm 
 work. In the country schools of those days he received 
 the rudiments of an education and being of a studious 
 
 mind and a natural lover of books, he determined to 
 supplement his early advantages in education with a 
 term at college. He completed a three years’ course in 
 the Sissinawa Mound College in Wisconsin, during 
 ■which he gave special attention to the sciences and 
 civil engineering. After his term at college he engaged 
 in teaching school and followed this occupation for 
 some time. In i860, however, he found an opportunity 
 to embark in an enterprise more to his liking and gave 
 up the business of teaching school to join a surveying 
 party in the Dakotas. This wild life on the plains ap- 
 pealed to hiin and lie was never more in his element 
 than when with the surveying and engineering squads, 
 exploring new land and setting monuments for the guid- 
 ance of future settlers. He followed the business of 
 surveying for the government and private parties for 
 a period of two years, finally joining an expedition that 
 ascended the Missouri river. In 1867 he opened a gen- 
 eral merchandise store .in Fort Benton for the accom- 
 modation of the settlers and the military garrison, and 
 also traded extensively with the Indians for furs and 
 pelts. Finding that there was a good profit in the 
 freighting business to inland points and having large 
 consignments of goods to deliver, he added freighting 
 to his rapidly growing business. At that time all freight 
 to P'ort Benton, which was transported thence to all the 
 various settlements and mining camps in the southern 
 part of the state, came by steamboat from shipping 
 points tributary to the Missouri and Mississippi rivers. 
 As this business appeared lucrative and profitable Mr. 
 Power conceived the idea of building steamers to enter 
 that trade and he, together with I. G. and George A. 
 Baker, of the firm of I. G. Baker & Brother, of Fort 
 Benton, built the steamer Benton. The venture proved 
 all that was anticipated for it and in 1876 Mr. Power 
 had constructed and launched on the upper Missouri 
 river the steamer Helena, and followed this with an- 
 other boat called the Butte. No one in the territory was 
 quicker to see and grasp an opportunity for extending 
 his business than was Mr. Power. The overland ex- 
 press and passenger service between Fort Benton and 
 Helena was very e.xtensive, especially during the au- 
 tumn, when a large number of miners left for the eastern 
 states by way of Fort B»nton and the steamboat and 
 Mackinac routes. During this period he operated stage 
 lines between Helena and Fort Benton, and Fort Ben- 
 ton and Billings, which proved successful enterprises. 
 He also greatly extended his merchandise business by 
 establishing stores at Helena and other localities. In 
 1878 he established his home in Helena and has been a 
 resident of this city ever since. Mr. Power’s efforts in 
 behalf of his home town have been far-rgaching and 
 effective in all directions looking to its advancement. 
 He was among the first to recognize its future possi- 
 bilities and showed his faith by investing large capital 
 in substantial and enduring business blocks which are 
 a source of pride to the citizens and which are of use 
 and beauty as well. One of the buildings erected by Mr. 
 Power is occupied by the American National Bank, a 
 fiduciary institution of which he is president and one of 
 its principal founders, and which ranks with the best 
 institutions of the kind in the country. Mr. Power pos- 
 sesses a genius for large affairs but always has an eye 
 to the progress and welfare of his home city and has 
 contributed greatly to its grow'th and prosperity. He 
 was a leading factor in the successful construction of 
 the water works of the city, now owned by the munici- 
 pality by purchase. He is identified with stock growing 
 activities to a large extent and is interested in some of 
 the best equipped stock farms in Alontana. 
 
 Mr. Power has been more or less connected with poli- 
 tics since he first entered the state and has been a con- 
 sistent Republican and counted as one of the party 
 leaders ancl an adviser whose careful judgment and keen 
 perceptions have assisted in turning many contests into 
 victory when defeat seemed almost certain. He has 
 

 ■1- P.’'n 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 999 
 
 been a candidate for office on several occasions and has 
 known defeat but once. In 1878 he was elected to the 
 first territorial constitutional convention and in 1884 
 was chosen delegate to the Republican national conven- 
 tion. He was defeated for governor owing to the 
 strength of the opposition in 1888, but on the admission 
 of the territory as a state he was one of the logical 
 candidates for the office of United States senator of his 
 party and was elected by the Republican party leaders 
 after a spirited contest on the part of other aspirants, 
 but without any especial effort on his part. He and 
 Hon. Wilbur F. Sanders w'ere the first United States 
 senators from Montana, being chosen to the offices in 
 1889. He served six years in the upper house of con- 
 gress and proved one of the most practical statesmen 
 and legislators in that distinguished body. He was a 
 member of the most important committees while in the 
 senate and was enabled to do effective service and to 
 shape legislation relating to the northwest. He was a 
 member of the committee on public lands, mines and 
 mining, transportation, railroads, and others of equal 
 importance. He brought about the appropriation for 
 the locating and building of Fort Harrison ; the federal 
 building in Helena, the first of its kind in the state ; the 
 fish hatchery near Bozeman ; the Indian school on Gun 
 river, near Great Falls; and various land bills assisf- 
 ing early settlers of the whole northwest, also assisting 
 the growth of the Bozeman Agricultural College by se- 
 curing needed appropriations. On the expiration of his 
 term in the senate Mr. Power returned to Helena and 
 since that time has devoted his energies to the super- 
 vision of his wide and far-reaching interests, at the 
 same time taking an active and always perceptible in- 
 terest in the affairs of the ctiy and of the Republican 
 
 ^^Mr'. Power was married to Miss Mary G. Flanna- 
 gen of Dubuque, Iowa, in 1867. One son has been born 
 To them, Charles Benton Power, now connected with 
 his father in his vast business enterprises, and who was 
 educated at Georgetown College, Washington, D. C., 
 and at Columbia College, New York City. Too rnuch 
 praise cannot be accorded to Mr. Power for his long 
 life of endeavor successfully conducted in the upbuild- 
 ing of a great state and to the conservation and foster- 
 ing of civic enterprise and that right and beneficent use 
 of private capital for great undertakings for public and 
 semi-public use. As a business man of honor and in- 
 tegrity he ranks among the highest in the land and in 
 the field of politics his sagacity and wisdom stamp him 
 as a leader of force and character. ^ Not only in the 
 v'arious spheres which have been mentioned has Senator 
 Power achieved distinction, but in the common affairs 
 of life he discharges every duty and contributes largely 
 of his means to religion and charity. In private social 
 relations he is companionable and most agreeable as a 
 neighbor and friend. By force of character and un- 
 bending will he has been able to follow a career of his 
 own choosing to a successful conclusion and history ac- 
 cords to him a place as one of the strong characters who 
 stand out in bold relief in the great northwest. 
 
 Austin C. Gormley. In 1909 there was removed 
 from the scene of eminently useful and distinguished 
 services one of Great Falls foremost citizens, Austin 
 C Gormley, attorney-at-law. Mr. Gormley was a 
 man of splendid legal attainments and was one of the 
 most gifted orators in this section of the state. Very 
 truly might it be said in this' case. Death loves a 
 shining mark,” and he was in the very prime of life 
 when summoned to the Great Beyond. 
 
 Mr. Gormley was born in Helena, ^lontana, April 
 23, 1867, the son of James and Julia (Cook) (Jormley. 
 For several generations his forbears resided in New 
 England, that cradle of so much of our national his- 
 tory. His father was a native of New Jersey, however, 
 and he came to Montana among the pioneers, following 
 
 in the new country, mercantile pursuits and later min- 
 ing. He died in Virginia City, I^Iontana, in 1879, when 
 about sixty years of age, and there the remains of that 
 excellent citizen are interred. He married his wife 
 in Springfield, Illinois, and she survives, making her 
 home in White Sulphur Springs. There _ were five 
 children in the elder Gormley family, the subject of this 
 brief memoir being the third in order of nativity. There 
 is also one sister in Montana, Mrs. Richard Collins, 
 who resides in this city, the mother making her home 
 in her household. 
 
 Austin C. Gormley was a young lad when his parents 
 removed to Virginia City, Montana. In that place he 
 grew to young manhood and secured his education in 
 the public schools. In 1886, when nineteen years of 
 age, he matriculated in the University of Michigan at 
 Ann Arbor, that state, and there finished a collegiate 
 course, graduating with the class of 1891. After re- 
 ceiving his degree of LL. B. at Ann Arbor he also 
 took post-graduate work before going to White Sul- 
 phur Springs, where in the manner of young lawyers, 
 newly-fledged, he proudly displayed his professional 
 shingle. Here he encountered great success, profes- 
 sional honors, general respect and domestic happiness. 
 He was county attorney of IMeagher county for two- 
 terms, acquitting himself in this important capacity 
 with the greatest credit. In 1897 he removed to Great 
 Falls and was county attorney of Cascade county for 
 another two terms. He was one of the leaders of the 
 Democratic party and took- an active interest in poli- 
 tics, his oratorical gifts making him particularly valuable 
 as a campaigner. He was a practical orator, schooled 
 in all the principles of platform address, rich and fluent 
 of speech and possessing the rare ability to baptise 
 himself in his subject and carry his audience with him 
 to each climax. His popularity always preceded him 
 to any gathering and he acquitted himself amid the 
 enthusiastic acclaim of a satisfied audience. 
 
 ]Mr. Gormley made his first money as a boy in the 
 printing business, following this on a modest scale for 
 a number of years and saving enough in this way to 
 begin his college education. As his father's circum- 
 stances were modest it was necessary for him to work 
 his way through the celebrated institution of learning, 
 which was his alma mater. When first a student at 
 Ann .Trbor his gifts as an orator became known in an 
 inter-collegiate contest in which he won the prize for 
 ^Michigan. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Gormley was an Elk. He was an 
 eager, but discriminating reader and a man of remark- 
 able culture. His loyalty to his native state knew no 
 bounds and he was ready at any time to lend his 
 support to all altruistic movements, to all that in his 
 judgment looked towards the general advancement and 
 welfare. He was a staunch advocate of the cause of 
 the laboring man and labor had no warmer friend in 
 the state. Instinctively he took the side of the un- 
 fortunate and down-trodden, his charity being bountiful 
 and his tender heart ever alive to the world’s cry of 
 pain. 
 
 Mr. Gormley w'as married at White Sulphur Springs, 
 August 9, 1898, Irene Spencer, daughter of Almon and 
 Alargaret Spencer, of this city, becoming his wife. 
 The Spencers are an old pioneer family. This union, 
 which was in every respect, the fruition of his youthful 
 dreams, was blessed by the birth of two daughters ; 
 Margaret and Doris, both in school. Mrs. Gormley's 
 father was born in Canada and came to Montana in 
 1863, locating in Meagher county, and engaging in 
 mercantile business until his death in February, 1909, 
 at the age of seventy-one years. The wife and mother, 
 w'hose maiden name was Margaret Stitt, survives and 
 makes her home in White Sulphur Springs. 
 
 Mr. Gormley’s demise occurred August 14, 1909, and 
 thereby Cascade county lost a valued and noble citizen. 
 
JOOO 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Halver O. LvnGj of Highland, Chouteau countj^ Mon- 
 tana, lias been a resident of the state since 1867, and his 
 accomplishments in the forty-five years that have elapsed 
 since he first cast in his lot with the pioneers of the 
 state have been of a varied and altogether worthy 
 nature, entitling him beyond any question to a specific 
 place in this biographical and historical record of Mon- 
 tana. He came to the west in his early manhood, and 
 he may be virtually said to have grown up with the 
 state of IMontana, for the passing years have developed 
 and rounded out his wholesome and genuine nature as 
 surely as they have brought Montana from a state of 
 barren wilderness to one of almost cosmopolitan 
 serenity, and fruitfulness beyond compare. The record 
 of his life is one replete with the frontier experiences 
 which many of the pioneers of the state shared in com- 
 mon with him, and while it would be impossible to give 
 in a brief sketch of this nature any adequate idea of 
 the vicissitudes and hardships of early life in a new 
 country, incidents of peculiar interest may be lightly 
 sketched into the faljric of his life story as a whole. 
 
 A native of Norwa3% Halver O. Lyng, was born in 
 Kongsberg Norge, on September 10, 1842, and is the 
 son of Ole and Enger Lyng. The father was a miner 
 by occupation in his native land, finding ample employ- 
 ment in the silver mines of his district, and he married 
 there in his young life and reared a family of five 
 sturdy sons and daughters. In 1861 the family emigrated 
 to America and settled first in Nebraska. There the 
 mother died, and in 1867 Halver Lyng left home and 
 came to Montana. He secured work on the ranch of 
 Colonel Roosevelt, a cousin of Theodore Roosevelt, 
 soon after taking over the Overland Hotel at Benton, 
 which he ran for about six months, and later operating 
 a restaurant for a few months. Llis next venture was 
 in Chouteau county, where he erected buildings for an 
 Indian Agency there for the government. He was 
 occupied nine months in this enterprise, after which he 
 went down the Missouri river and started a wood 
 yard, with a view to furnishing wood to the boats on 
 the river. It was in 1872 that he came to Benton and 
 started up in the cattle business, and so well did he 
 succeed that he has continued in that typically western 
 enterprise to the present time, and Chouteau county has 
 nearly always been the scene of his ranching activities, 
 and holds bis chief interests of whatever nature. 
 
 In 1872 Mr. Lyng went into a partnership arrange- 
 ment with Ed. Kelly on what was known as Twenty- 
 eight Mile Spring, and for two years they continued 
 to be associated together, at the end of which time Mr. 
 Lyng sold his interest in the business to Mr. Kelly and 
 withdrew. He then went to Fort McLeod, in Cascade 
 county, and began operations on his own responsibility, 
 continuing there until 1880, when he disposed of his 
 interests in that district and returned to his original 
 ■“stamping ground,” Chouteau county, and here he has 
 been actively engaged in farming and stock raising on a 
 generous scale. His ranching activities have been from 
 time to time interspersed with other occupations, from 
 all of which he reverted to ranch life in due time. In 
 187,3 he drove stage between Sun River and Benton 
 for three months, being in the employ of Gilmore & 
 Salisburj', for many years prominent stage line people, 
 and this little deviation from ranch life gave him an 
 introduction to another phase of western existence, 
 which he found interesting, if not highly profitable. 
 
 Ifike all westerners, Mr. Lyng has had his experiences 
 with Indians, any of which would be sufficient to inocu- 
 late the average man with a healthy fear of the Redman. 
 Among his many encounters with them in the early 
 days. Mr. Lyng recounts one which took place in 1869, 
 and which, told in brief, will suffice to convey some idea 
 of what the Montana pioneer was called upon to combat 
 in those early days. Mr. Lyng and a number of men 
 acquaintances had gathered at the mouth of the Mus- 
 selshell river, where a little log village was being 
 
 started. One day while the men were at dinner in the 
 little cabin of the Smiths, Mrs. Smith left the room to 
 gather some chips at the back of the cabin. She was 
 attacked by Indians, shot and wounded, and then 
 scalped. Although the men heard the shot, they were 
 not alarmed, and thought nothing of it until Mr. Smith 
 began to search for his wife. When they discovered 
 what had happened, the men of the camp supplied them- 
 selves generously with ammunition and set out on a 
 grim hunt for the marauders. They finally located the 
 Indians on the opposite shore of the river, hidden in the 
 vvillows, and behind its banks, so that they were inacces- 
 sible to their white pursuers. Smith and a companion 
 after some debate bit upon a plan to cross the river at 
 a distant spot, and fire upon the Indians from the rear. 
 I'he ruse worked admirably, and the Redmen stampeded 
 at the first shot, upon which the rest of the party opened 
 fire. When the smoke cleared away thirt3^-three Indians 
 had payed for the scalp of Mrs. Smith with their lives, 
 and many others lay wounded and dying. The sur- 
 vivors fled precipitately, leaving beside their dead, wagon 
 loads of robes, blankets, bows and arrows and Indian 
 paraphernalia of every known variety, which the aveng- 
 ing party seized and conveyed by boat to Fort Benton, 
 where it was_ sold for souvenirs. The Indians were 
 slow to admit themselves beaten, however, and for 
 fully eight months not a week passed but a deputation 
 came back in the hope that they would find the white 
 settlers off their guard. They finally did succeed in 
 killing tw'o and wounding others, after which they left 
 the little cominunity in comparative peace. At one time, 
 Mr. Lyng, while taking into camp the meat of an elk 
 that he had brought down, suddenly found himself sur- 
 rounded bv a dozen Indians on horseback, some within 
 a rod of him. They fired on him, but missed, and 
 throwing himself into the brush close at hand, he took 
 careful aim and fired, killing one of their horses. He 
 then jumped into the river and made good his escape 
 in a most miraculous manner. It is a fact that this 
 pioneer Montanian can relate and give the names of 
 reputable witnesses for more Indian skirmishes than 
 perhans anv other man living in the state today. 
 
 In _T88o Mr. Lyng was united in marriao-e with Miss 
 Jennie Thomson, a native of Norway, but reared at 
 Neenah, Wisconsin, in Winnebago county. Three chil- 
 dren have been born to thetn: Hilman C., the eldest, 
 is engaged in the lumber business and lives at Geiser,' 
 Montana; Jennie M., the wife of B. F. Kitt, is a resi- 
 dent of Missoula. Montana ; Clara, the youngest of the 
 three, is yet in the parental home. 
 
 _ Mr. T yng is a Republican, and takes an active and 
 citizenlike interest in all affairs of a political or mirely 
 civio nature, and is known for one of the valued citizens 
 of the county. He is a member of the Lutheran church, 
 in whHi he was_ reared bv his Lutheran narents, but 
 his wife and children affiliate with the Presbvterian 
 church. The familv is one which holds the esteem and 
 confidence of all who share in their acouaintance, and 
 thev have many friends in the community which has 
 so long represented their home. 
 
 John C. Houck. To say that a man is a typical Mon- 
 tana pioneer is to pay him the highest of comoliments, 
 for as a class the Montana pioneer stands above par 
 and has indelibly impressed his sound ideals of cltizen- 
 ship upon the state which enjoys a narticularly high rep- 
 utation among commonwealths. No man is worthier 
 of being classed as a representative pioneer than John 
 C. Houck, who has resirled within the boundaries of 
 the state since 1867. and here the best of fortunes have 
 come to him — wealth, honor, position and domestic hap- 
 oiness. and he is today identified with several of the 
 largest enterprises in this section of the state. His 
 ranch, situated some ten miles out of Moore, is of the 
 vast proportions, which makes the easterner gasp to 
 contemplate it, for it comprises no less than 2,200 acres, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1001 
 
 which are largely devoted to sheep and wool raising, 
 for which Mr. Houck is widely known. There is lo- 
 cated his splendid home, where reigns the true spirit 
 of hospitality, in the center of a domain of princely 
 proportions. But his interests are by no means bounded 
 by its limits, for he is president of the Moore Mercan- 
 tile Company, the largest established business here; is 
 president of the State Bank of Moore; and this is by 
 no means to complete the enumeration. 
 
 Mr. Houck is one of the good citizens the Keystone 
 state has given to Montana, his birth having occurred 
 in Lancaster county, that state, October 25, 1844. There 
 he resided until about the age of twenty-two years, 
 when he answered the call of the west, which has sent 
 -.0 many young men across the continent, and came to 
 Montana, reaching here on June 12, 1867. He found his 
 expectations more than realized and has ever since 
 remained here. 
 
 Mr. Houck received his early education in the dis- 
 trict schools of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and 
 having taken advantage of all that they offered, he en- 
 tered the State Normal College at Millersville. that 
 state. At the age of about nineteen years he began 
 school teaching and occupied the instructor’s desk for 
 some years. If did not take him that long, however, to 
 find that, although he could do the work successfully, 
 it was not congenial, his field of endeavor being too 
 restricted and his soul yearning for the life which took 
 him out into the world among men. Very sensibly, 
 he gave it up and came west, where he was to become 
 one of his community’s leading citizens. It is safe to 
 say that no matter where he might have lopted he 
 would in due time have become a leading citizen, for 
 he possesses in abundance the requisite qualities. 
 
 Upon coming to Montana Mr. Houck first settled 
 near Helena in a little mining camp called French Bar, 
 and he engaged in mining there for about six months. 
 Following that he lived for sixteen years in the neigh- 
 borhood of Canon Ferry and Helena, and during this 
 period he devoted his energies to contracting and min- 
 ing. In 1881 he set stakes in the Judith Basin in 
 Fergus county and embarked in his present business of 
 sheep and wool growing. He has been in the county 
 ever since and has steadily progressed, until he is 
 known far and wide for his business ability and suc- 
 cess, as well as for good principles. The fact that he is 
 president of the Moore Mercantile Company has al- 
 . ready been noted. He is also president of the State 
 Bank at Moore and is interested in the Bank of Fergus 
 County at Lewistown, and it is in no small part due 
 to his discrimination and executive ability that these in- 
 stitutions have come to be among the substantial and 
 popular banking houses of the west. 
 
 Mr. Houck is one of the influential Republicans of 
 Fergus county and takes an active interest in politics. 
 However, he has never been lured by the honors and 
 emoluments of office, and although often solicited, has 
 always refused to accept office himself. He is a mem- 
 ber of no church, but is genuinely in sympathy with the 
 good causes represented by all and contributes liberally 
 to the support of all. In a quiet way he does a good 
 deal of charitable work and does not turn a deaf ear 
 to the case of his less fortunate brother. _ He has few 
 affiliations, his great business interests leaving him little 
 time for outside affairs, but he holds membership in 
 the Judith Club. He has a number of enthusiams. He 
 enjoys whirring past the beautiful Montana scenery in 
 an automobile with congenial company and owns a 
 fine car. He is by no means bored by a good game of 
 "baseball, good music or a clever play. The subject of 
 Montana is one upon which he waxes eloquent. When 
 asked for his opinion of Montana, he returned lacon- 
 ically: “I have been in Montana forty-five years — 
 
 that’s what I think of it.” 
 
 Mr. Houck was married in this county about fifteen 
 years ago, the lady to become his wife and the mistress 
 
 of his household being Miss DeLes Palmer, a native 
 of this county. Their home, located upon a beautiful 
 portion of the subject’s great ranch, is commodious, 
 modern and hospitable and Mr. and Mrs. Houck are 
 among the popular citizens of the county. They have 
 no children. 
 
 Glancing at Mr. Houck’s parentage, we find that his 
 father, David Houck, was a native Pennsylvanian and 
 lived in that state all his life, following farming and 
 stock raising until his death in 1880, at the age of 
 seventy-five years. The mother, whose maiden name 
 was Mary Coover, survived him for a few years, dying 
 also at the age of seventy-five. They are buried side 
 by side near the old home, but they are still remem- 
 bered as people of fine character and high principles. 
 They reared ten children, Mr. Houck, of this review, 
 being the fifth in order of birth. 
 
 The subject may look back over an honorable career 
 and success well won and it is with pleasure that the 
 editors of this work incorporate a review of his life 
 among those of the representative men and women of 
 the state. 
 
 James A. Murray went to California from Canada, 
 his native country, in 1862, at the age of eighteen, and 
 came to Montana in 1867. He is a citizen of Montana, 
 but a resident of California, residing on the Bay of 
 Monterey, in one of the most beautiful homes in 
 America the “Hacianda Grande.” He has been very 
 successful financially. He has been identified with the 
 development of the best interests of the state, and has 
 taken a prominent place in the business, banking and 
 mining circles of Montana. He enjoys the highest es- 
 teem and regard of all who have come to be associated 
 with him in matters of business or in other relations of 
 life. 
 
 Mr. Murray was married in 1896 to Miss Mary H. 
 Coulter, of Pottstown, Pennsylvania. 
 
 M. M. Lockwood. As the woodman in clearing his 
 land leaves here and there some stalwart elm or oak, 
 which long years after stands alone in the midst of 
 some green and fertile field, a solitary representative 
 of the past, so the grim Reaper, in his relentless harv- 
 est of men, has spared here and there a pioneer who 
 forms a connecting link between the past and the 
 present. The honored subject of this sketch is one 
 of the few surviving pioneers of Chouteau county, and 
 his name is indelibly written on the pages of Montana 
 history, and in the military record of his country. M. 
 M_. Lockwood was born in 1842, at Madrid, New York. 
 His education was secured during the winter terms in 
 the district schools, as during the summer months he 
 was kept busily emoloyed on the field and in the for- 
 ests of his father’s farm. A vigorous youth, of patri- 
 otic spirit, when President Lincoln issued his first 
 call for volunteers, he was one of the first to lay 
 dowm his axei to enter the famous Army of the 
 Potomac, the great military body organized by Gen. 
 George B. McClellan in 1861. As a member of Com- 
 pany F, Fifth Regiment, ’Vermont Volunteer Infantry, 
 he served under “Little Mac” in the Peninsular cam- 
 paign and later in that of Antietam, was under Gen- 
 erals Burnside and McDowell in 1862. and General 
 Hooker in 1863, in July of which year General Meade 
 was in command at the battle of Gettysburg. Eventu- 
 ally General Grant succeeded to the command, and 
 under him Mr. Lockwood served until securing his 
 honorable discharge. On completing his three years’ 
 service, Mr. Lockwood became a veteran by re-enlist- 
 ing, and when he finally received his papers had attained 
 the rank of sergeant. At the Battle of the Wilderness 
 he received a severe wound from a rifle bullet in the 
 hip, and for a number of months he lay between life 
 and death in the hospital, and the bullet was not 
 extracted for a number of years. On the close of hos- 
 
1002 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 tilities, Mr. Lockwood, then fully recovered, journeyed 
 west to Omaha, Nebraska, and thence overland to Fort 
 Benton, reaching this city, then only a stage station, 
 June 15, 1867. He secured a position on the Clee 
 farm in the Prickly Pear valley, and worked there 
 until the stampede to Iowa Gulch, which he joined as 
 a gold seeker and was moderately successful. At one 
 time he received a handsome offer for his holdings, 
 but believed they were of considerable value and refused 
 to sell. Later, his mines not proving up to his expecta- 
 tions, he started a dairy farm in the Prickly Pear val- 
 ley, and subsequently received one dollar per pound 
 for the butter he made, but when he had saved a con- 
 siderable sum his partner in business went to Helena, 
 then a wide-open mining camp, and lost all the money 
 over the gaming table. Somewhat discouraged, but 
 not disheartened, Mr. Lockwood then secured oxen 
 and took up freighting between Helena and Fort Ben- 
 ton, and was on the fair road to success again, but 
 just at the height of his prosperity he was attacked by 
 a band of hostile Indians, his outfit was burned, and 
 he barely escaped with his life. This occurrence took 
 place on Gallatin Bar, in 1869, the same year that 
 Clark met his death at the hands of the redskins. 
 On December 15th of the same year Air. Lockwood 
 went with the stampede to Cedar Creek, but the dig- 
 gings not panning out he returned to French Town 
 and again took up dairying. This again proved suc- 
 cessful and for three years he continued to supply the 
 citizens of his locality with dairy products, but in 1873 
 went to the Bitter Root valley and engaged in stock 
 raising and farming. During the summer of 1877 
 Chief Joseph and his band of hostile warriors passed 
 up the Alissoula valley and through Alissoula, claiming 
 to be peaceful, but when (hey reached Air. Lockwood’s 
 farm they began their pillaging. Air. Lockwood was 
 in Missoula on business, and his wife, with the baby 
 in her arms, fled to the home of a distant neighbor, 
 where she found safety. When he returned to his 
 home he found his stock all killed and his house and 
 barns burned to the ground, and received reports of 
 the Indians’ attack on the settlers. Thinking that his 
 family had been murdered, he made his way rapidly 
 back toward Alissoula to give the alarm, but before 
 arriving there was met by Colonel Elliot and the Sev- 
 enth United States Cavalry, which troop had been on 
 the trail of the treacherous old Chief Joseph for some 
 time. He was immediately engaged as guide, and Gen- 
 eral Gibbon having joined the party in the meanwhile, 
 he was ordered to lead. The party at once struck the 
 trail, and at four o’clock in the morning of August 9, 
 1877, the avenging body of soldiers came upon the 
 Indians’ camp in the Big Hole country. The engage- 
 ment which followed was a vicious and bloody one, in 
 which the Indians lost eighty-nine killed, while the 
 whites had forty killed and twenty-nine wounded. 
 Only the opportune arrival of General Howard’s com- 
 mand saved General Gibbons’ troops from meeting the 
 fate of General Custer’s men. for they were greatly 
 outnumbered, they were cut off from their ammunition 
 and supply wagons, and their retreat would have been 
 an impossibility. Even when the battle was practically 
 over, bullets kept coming from some unseen point, and 
 finally an Indian was discovered ensconced in a tree, 
 some thirty feet from the ground, from whence a well 
 directed bullet brought him headlong to the ground. 
 Among those severely wounded was Air. Lockwood, 
 who had been struck twice by rifle bullets, one of 
 which, the most serious, had passed through and killed 
 Colonel Elliot. He lay on the field throughout the 
 night, unconscious, and was discovered during the next 
 morning and taken to the hospital, where for seven 
 months he lay with a shattered hip joint. When Gen- 
 eral Sherman was on his tour to the western division 
 of the war department, he visited Mr. Lockwood on 
 a number of occasions, and offered him a life position 
 
 at Washington, D. C., which, however, was gratefully 
 refused by Air. Lockwood, who preferred to spend the 
 remainder of his life in the west. His injuries, while 
 not fatal, have been of such a nature as to make it 
 impossible for him to engage in activities of any kind, 
 although he acted as guard at the penitentiary for four 
 years. In political matters he is a Republican. He 
 takes a keen and active interest in all matters pertain- 
 ing to the welfare of his community, where as one of 
 those who sacrificed his future that the new state 
 might advance, he is honored and respected by all 
 who know him. With a clear and alert mind,' and 
 possessed of a retentive memory, he has a large' fund 
 of anecdotes and delights to recall those stirring times 
 when the young commonwealth was in the making and 
 men’s hearts tried. 
 
 Air. Lockwood was married January 6, 1863, at Comp- 
 ton, New York, to Miss Amanda P. Gordon, who died 
 at Hamilton, Alontana, in 1904, and of their four 
 children, Frank, a native of Helena, now resides in 
 Portland, Oregon; William Reuben is now a resident 
 of the Bitter Root valley, where he is engaged in 
 ranching; Mrs. Maude "Van Duberg is a resident of 
 Chicago, Illinois ; and D. G. is one of the leading busi- 
 ness men of Fort Benton. 
 
 D. G. Lockwood. Everywhere, the better class of 
 druggists are men of scientific attainments and high 
 integrity, who devote their activities to the welfare of 
 their fellow men in supplying the best of remedies and 
 purest medicinal agents of known value, in accordance 
 with physicians’ prescriptions, and scientific formula. 
 The earning of a fair living, with the satisfaction which 
 arises from a knowledge of the benefits conferred upon 
 their patrons and assistance rendered the medical pro- 
 fession, is usually their greatest reward for long years 
 of study and many hours of daily toil, but occasionally 
 one arises whose ability and progressive ideas advance 
 him to a place in the forefront of those of his voca- 
 tion, and prominent among these may be mentioned D. 
 G. Lockwood, of Fort Benton, president of the Hilger 
 Drug Company, and proprietor of the leading pharmacy 
 of the northwest. Air. Lockwood was born at Prince- 
 ton, Alontana, Alarch 19, 1871, and is a son of M. AI. 
 and Amanda P. (Gordon) Lockwood. 
 
 M. M. Lockwood was born at Aladrid, New York, 
 and served during the Civil war as a member of a 
 ■Vermont regiment in the Army of the Potomac. He 
 was severely wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness, 
 but after many months in the hospital recovered. After 
 the close of the war he came west, via Omaha, Nebraska, 
 and after a number of years spent in farming, dairy- 
 ing, prospecting and mining, finally settled down as a 
 rancher and cattle raiser in the Bitter Root valley. 
 There the misfortunes which had attended him almost 
 from the start of a stormy career, culminated in his 
 ranch being pillaged by a band of Indians under Chief 
 Joseph, and when he guided the soldiers of the Seventh 
 United States Cavalry to the camp of the savages, 
 received wounds in the battle which made him a lifelong 
 cripple. He now resides at Fort Benton, one of the 
 highly honored citizens of the city. A more thorough 
 record of his stirring career will be found on another 
 page in this volume. His wife passed away in 1902, 
 the mother of four children, of whom D. G. was the 
 youngest. 
 
 D. G. Lockwood received his early education in the 
 public schools of Ohio, where he graduated from the 
 Ada high school, and subsequently entered the Ohio 
 Normal University, where he was graduated from the 
 pharmaceutical department and also took a classical 
 course. He subsequently secured employment in the 
 pharmacy of A. AI. Flanigan, and after four years 
 bought his employer’s interests and began to conduct 
 the business on his own account. During the fifteen 
 years that this establishment has been in existence, it 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1003 : 
 
 has grown from a modest venture into the leading busi- 
 ness of its kind in the northwest. Mr. Lockwood has 
 spent these fifteen years in building up a reputation, and 
 this reputation is back of every sale he makes. It is 
 his boast that no goods goes into his house that are not 
 right, and as a consequence no article can leave his 
 establishment which will not stand the test of fair and 
 honest merchandising. In addition to a full stock of 
 standard drugs and medicines, Mr. Lockwood carries a 
 complete line of optical goods. He has interested him- 
 self in various business enterprises, being identified with 
 the ranching and stock raising activities of Chouteau 
 county, a director in the State Bank and president of 
 the Hilger Drug Company. A Republican in his poli- 
 tical views, from 1898 to 1902 he served very acceptably 
 as treasurer of Chouteau county, and takes an active in- 
 terest in the work of his party in this section. In fra- 
 ternal circles he is known as a member of the Odd Fel- 
 lows, and he also belongs to the Montana State Pharma- 
 ceutical Association. 
 
 Mr. Lockwood was married at Fort Benton, m 
 September, 1898, to Miss Belle Freals, daughter of 
 George W. Freals, a well known Fort Benton citizen. 
 IMrs. Lockwood is a member of the Episcopal church 
 and is well known in religious and social circles of Fort 
 Benton, where she has numerous friends. 
 
 David Hilger. In almost every new community there 
 is one man or a group of men who organize and develop 
 and encourage the founding of new enterprises, who 
 with unsurpassed energy and unsparing selfishness work 
 unceasingly to forward the growth of the community 
 and improve its social and economic conditions. Such 
 a man as this is David Hilger of Lewistown, Montana. 
 He has been the heart and soul of every big project 
 launched in Lewistown and in the Judith Basin since 
 he came here to live. Realizing that no town, no matter 
 how great her resources or natural advantages, could 
 grow without railroads he put forth every effort to 
 connect Lewistown with the world by this means. Such 
 a story is not unusual in the rapidly growing com- 
 munities of the West, and in the case of Mr. Hilger, 
 while prosperity must necessarily be his, he has never 
 in all his dealings deviated from the path of honor, and 
 those who know him declare that when David Hilger 
 gives his word it is final. This, perhaps, this high moral 
 ideal to which he holds so closely, this strength of 
 character, and nobility of purpose, is what has made 
 him not only the best known in this section of Mon- 
 tana, but also has made him one of the best-loved. 
 
 In the year 1867, there arrived in Montana, under 
 the leadership of Captain Davies, a company of sixty 
 families and three hundred single men ; prospective 
 citizens of the territory. They were men and women 
 not unacquainted with the aspects of life in new settle- 
 ments, for they had come from Minnesota, which had 
 been a state for less than ten years. They had known 
 what it meant to carve a civilization out of the wilder- 
 ness, and to live unafraid in the constant menace of 
 death at the hands of the merciless savage. When it 
 is remembered that the census of Montana for i860 
 showed a population of two hundred and eighty-eight 
 white men, it will be understood that an influx of such 
 proportions was a matter of import. The company came 
 by the northern route, and enjoyed a peaceful journey 
 during the entire quarter of a year which the trip con- 
 sumed. At Fort Union, four companies of federal 
 troops escorted the emigrants through what they feared 
 might be a dangerous stage of their journey. 
 
 Among the families of this party was that of Nicholas 
 Hilger, who was formerly a resident of Sibley county, 
 Minnesota. Probably no one in the whole company 
 enjoyed the trip as did the nine year old David, his 
 son, for feafless of the dangers and unconscious of 
 the real perils, he abandoned himself to the novelty 
 and strangeness of it all with the carefree joy of a 
 
 child. He had celebrated his ninth birthday on New 
 Year’s day of the year 1867, and that twelve month was 
 a veritable wonder year for him. The Hilger family 
 settled in Helena and their name has ever since been 
 associated with the growth of the city. There are few 
 of the older residents who do not remember Judge 
 Hilger, so long a prominent figure in the life of the 
 capital. 
 
 David Hilger grew up in the city, and upon finishing 
 school began his economic career in the cattle business. 
 He located at the famed "Gate of the Mountains,’’ 
 situated in the county of Lewis and Clark and so named 
 by the great explorers themselves. From cattle raising 
 Mr. Hilger turned his attention to sheep, and it was 
 this interest which brought him to Fergus county, a 
 more suitable territory for such an enterprise. In 1881 
 Mr. Hilger located on Dog creek, in the northern part 
 of the county. He had bought a small band of sheep 
 and an outfit consisting of one wagon and tw'o horses,, 
 and with this equipment he began what w'as something- 
 in the nature of an experiment. Sheep-raising was a. 
 new industry in that region, but it proved a profitable 
 one, and for twelve years Mr. Hilger continued to- 
 carry on his operations in this phase of the business of 
 ranching on a constantly increasing scale. 
 
 In the meantime the county had been settling up 
 rapidly, and -Lewistowm had become important as the 
 commercial center of a large and thriving territory. 
 Mr. Hilger had from the first taken a leading part In 
 public affairs, and in the spring of 1894, he was ap- 
 pointed register of the United States land office. He 
 took up his residence in Lewdstown when he entered 
 upon his duties of this office and he has made the city 
 his home ever since. When the four years of his serv- 
 ice in the register’s office expired, Mr. Hilger and George 
 W. Cook, formed a partnership in the real estate busi- 
 ness, with a land office in connection with it. This 
 partnership was very successful and was continued for 
 some time before it was dissolved. Following this the 
 Hilger Loan and Realty Company, one of the largest 
 concerns of the kind in Montana, was organized by 
 him, and he has been the president from the first. 
 
 From a grazing country, the Judith district has be- 
 come one of the rich agricultural sections of the state 
 and accordingly, the county has become a place of smaller 
 ranches, instead of vast ranges. Mr. Hilger has sold his 
 extensive ranch properties, but retains his interest in 
 the business project which he has put into successful 
 operation. 
 
 What Mr. Hilger has done for Lewistown is a story 
 in itself. The development of new communities is a 
 work which might be said to be an inherited taste with 
 him, for he is the son of a pioneer, and might easily 
 have accepted the achievements of his father as a 
 starting point for his own career. But he preferred to 
 follow the_ paternal example and to leave a new field 
 for one still newer, and so the work which his father 
 accomplished in Helena, the son did in Lewistown. 
 
 In 1890 the Tudith Hardware Company was organized 
 throus-h the efforts of Mr. Hilger and some of the other 
 good business men of Lewistown. Mr. Hilger is now 
 president of this company which is the largest estab- 
 lishment of this sort in the county. He is also presi- 
 dent of the First National Bank, and in this position 
 fills an important place in the financial world of this 
 wealthy county. These are only a few of his many in- 
 terests, for he is one of the first of the commercial 
 representatives of Lewistown to come forward to the 
 support of any enterprise for the benefit of the city, and 
 his prudence and foresight combined with his initiative 
 in business undertakings have been of incalculable value 
 to the community. 
 
 Leadership in political affairs was almost inevitable 
 for Mr. Hilger, when he had once allied himself with 
 the Democratic faction of Fergus county. He was se- 
 lected to preside over the first county convention held 
 
1004 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 in the county by the party, and wlien the first county- 
 central committee was appointed, he was chairman of 
 that. At the organization of the party in Lewistown, 
 the chairmanship of the first Democratic municipal 
 convention was unanimously assigned to him. 
 
 The marriage of David Hilger and Christina H. 
 I''ergus took place on October 20, 1884. Mrs. Hilger is 
 the daughter of William Fergus, a brother of James 
 Fergus of this county, which bears his name, and the 
 family is known to every old timer in this part of the 
 state. Two sons, Edward and David J., and three 
 daughters, Maud H., Agnes and Christine L., have 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Flilger. Edward and Agnes 
 died in childhood, while the eldest daughter, Maud H., 
 was married in October, 1912, to Mr. George H. Osborne 
 of Chicago, the son has entered upon a business career, 
 and the other daughter, Christine L., is attending school. 
 
 The only fraternal order to which Mr. Hilger belongs 
 is that of the Elks, being a charter member of the 
 Lewistown Lodge No. 456, and he was district deputy 
 of this order for Montana in 1906. 
 
 The belief which Mr. Hilger has in the future of 
 Montana is founded not alone upon his knowledge of 
 her great resources, but also upon his acquaintance 
 with the citizenship of the state and its high average 
 of industrial efficiency, of which he is himself an ex- 
 cellent example. 
 
 No sketch of Mr. Hilger’s career would be complete 
 without some reference to his public services, given not 
 only without remuneration but at an actual loss of 
 time and money to him. He served as a representative 
 Dom Fergus county in the eighth legislative assembly 
 in iQO,V 4 and aside from the regular session, took part 
 in two extra sessions, one to appropriate money for a 
 Montana exhibit at the St. Louis International Expo- 
 sition, and the other to consider the fair trial bill, which 
 was enacted into law, 
 
 Mr. Hilger’s legislative services were given during 
 a most important and interesting period of the state’s 
 history, and the record made by him is one in which 
 his friends take just pride. 
 
 He was one of a group of men who succeeded in 
 getting the proposition for the creation of a county 
 high school before the people and did his full share to 
 accomplish that object. He then served as chairman of 
 the board of trustees while the high school building 
 was under construction, and devoted much of his time 
 and energy in getting the school fairly established. 
 
 He also served as a member of the board of trustees 
 of the Carnegie library and had active charge during 
 the neriod that the library building was under con- 
 struction. At this writing Mr. Hilger is still a member 
 of the board, having tendered his resignation several 
 times only to have it refused. 
 
 As a member of the commission anpointed by Gov. 
 F. T„ Norris on the conservation of our natural re- 
 sources, and drafting the present laws governing the 
 state land of Montana, Mr. Hilger again rendered the 
 state valuable service. The task was a particularly 
 difficult one, and in the solution of the many problems 
 presented, Mr. Hilger’s intimate knowledge of the land 
 laws and of the needs of the people proved invaluable. 
 
 Duncan Dingwall is the owner of one of the 
 finest general merchandise establishments in Drum- 
 mond, where he has maintained his home since 1907. 
 He came to Montana in 1868 and has been a promi- 
 nent and influential citizen of this state during the 
 long intervening years to the present time, in 1912. 
 The best evidence Mr. Dingwall can give of his faith 
 in Montana is that he has invested considerable money 
 in ranching property, his holdings, mostly in Granite 
 county, amounting to four thousand acres. His land 
 is in a fertile section of the country and has proved 
 wonderfully productive for the raising of grain and 
 for grazing purposes. 
 
 A native of Canada, Duncan Dingwall was born 
 in the province of Ontario, March 31, 1847, and he is 
 a son of John and Catherine (McGruer) Dingwall, the 
 former of whom was a native of Scotland and the 
 latter of whom was born and reared in Canada. John 
 Dingwall came to America as a young man and settled 
 in the province of Ontario, Canada, there engaging in 
 farming and stock-raising, which lines of enterprise 
 he followed until his demise, in 1867, at the age of 
 seventy-four years. His cherished and devoted wife 
 passed away in 1885, aged seventy-eight years. They are 
 buried side by side in Canada. The Dingwall family 
 consisted of eleven children, of whom Duncan was 
 the tenth in order of birth. Mr. Dingwall has one 
 brother in Montana, William, who is married and re- 
 sides in Granite county, where he is a rancher of prom- 
 inence. 
 
 Mr. Dingwall, of this notice, received his educational 
 training in the public and high schools of his native 
 place and at the age of seventeen years began to teach 
 school, following that occupation for two years in 
 Canada. Eor a short time he also worked in a hard- 
 ware store and when he had reached his legal major- 
 ity he came to Montana. His route was by train to 
 Sioux City, Iowa, thence up the Missouri river to Eort 
 Benton, and from the latter place overland to Helena. 
 He remained in and around Helena for six months, 
 working in a saw mill, and he then went to Henderson 
 Gulch, where he was engaged in mining operations for 
 a period of three years, at the end of which he turned 
 his attention to ranching and stock-raising in Granite 
 county, where he is the owner of four thousand acres 
 of land, which is now under the management of his 
 brother, William Dingwall. In March, 1873, Mr. Ding- 
 wall accepted a position at Henderson Gulch as man- 
 ager of a general mercantile establishment there and he 
 continued to conduct that concern until the business 
 was sold out, six years later. This experience was what 
 interested Mr. Dingwall in the mercantile business, 
 and he went from Henderson Gulch to New Chicago, 
 and there started a business of his own. In 1907 he 
 came to Drummond and opened a general store, which 
 with the passage of time has grown to be one of the 
 most important business enterprises in this city. Mr. 
 Dingwall is the first president of the Drummond Com- 
 mercial Club, organized in 1912, and is also a member 
 of the Society of Montana Pioneers. 
 
 In politics Mr. Dingwall is an uncompromising Re- 
 publican, and while he manifests a deep and sincere 
 interest in public affairs he does not have any desire 
 for the honors or emoluments of public office of any 
 description. In religious matters he and his wife are 
 devout members of the Methodist Episcopal church, 
 in the various departments of whose work they are ac- 
 tive factors. Camping-out has its attractions for Mr. 
 Dingwall and he is very fond of horses and stock of 
 all kinds. He shows by his actions that he has abso- 
 lute confidence in the Treasure state. He says: “If 
 
 you have ambition in your system and the courage to 
 back it up and will work — if you believe in honor and 
 honesty and real success — move to Montana and your 
 dreams will come true.” 
 
 In the city of Helena, Montana, in April, 1890, Mr. 
 Dingwall was united in marriage to Miss Lodema Bing- 
 ham, who was born in Canada in i8s7 and reared in 
 Minnesota and who came to Montana in 1880. They 
 are the parents of one child, Earl D,. who was grad- 
 uated from Wesleyan University, Helena, in 1911, 
 and who is now associated with his father in business 
 at Drummond. 
 
 William Dingwall. Prominent in the public affairs 
 of Granite countv as chairman of the boacd of county 
 commissioners, William Dingwall is one of the state’s 
 pioneers and for more than forty-four years has been 
 identified with business and the development of the great 
 

 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1005 
 
 material resources of the Treasure state. He came here 
 a young man, with the strength and enthusiasm required 
 for th^ best pioneer achievements, and the sum of his 
 accomplishments and his standing and influence in his 
 -county are worthy subjects for pride. „ 
 
 Bom in Ontario, Canada, on the 14th of October, 1644, 
 he is a son of John and Catherine (McGruer) Ding- 
 Avall, and a brother of Duncan Dingwall of Drummond. 
 William Dingwall spent the first seventeen years of his 
 life in his native locality, where he attended the public 
 schools through the grades and two years in high school. 
 His practical career began at Buftalo, New York, where 
 for six years he was a clerk in a lumber company s 
 office. By the end of that time he was prepared for 
 larger adventures, and he possessed the spirit of cour- 
 age and resourcefulness which is in its proper element 
 when in contact with the fresh and undeveloped great- 
 ness of the west, 
 
 After a short visit to his parents he, with his brother 
 Duncan, set out for Montana. Through Chicago and 
 to Sioux City their journey was by rail, thence, over- 
 land to the Missouri river, where they took a boat to 
 Fort Benton. At this old frontier post the brothers 
 joined a party of eighteen in engaging a freighting out- 
 fit to take them on to Helena, where they arrived in the 
 vear 1868 For three years Mr. Dingwall was employed 
 in the lumber business at Helena, his previous experi- 
 ence proving valuable in this connection. He and his 
 brother then bought a herd of cattle and came into the 
 Flint creek valley, which for more than forty years has 
 been the scene of his varied endeavors. He has been 
 a continuous witness of the development which has 
 brought this part of the state out of wilderness con- 
 ditions into one broad area of fertile productiveness, 
 and few men have done more in a practical way to bring 
 about this modern prosperity. He has followed mer- 
 chandising and ranching and stock raising, and has m^h 
 to show for his labor and business management His 
 home ranch at New Chicago, four miles from Drum- 
 mond, consists of over three thousand acres, while he 
 and his brother have a separate holding of five thousand 
 
 ^'^Mr Dingwall was married in Deer Lodge, Moffipa, 
 December 20, 1877, to Miss Katie Price. Mrs. Ding- 
 wall’s parents were James and Amanda Price whose 
 home was formerly in the state of Nebraska. To their 
 marriage four children, three sons_ and a daughter, h^e 
 been born, namely: John, who is associated with his 
 
 father in the stock business ; Leona, at home, is a splen- 
 didly educated young woman, being a graduate of the 
 local public schools and the Presbyterian College at 
 Deer Lodge, and also took a course m the State Nor- 
 mal at Dillon; William D„ who is also associated with 
 his father’s business; and James A., who after gradu 
 ating from the public schools attended the State Uni- 
 versity at Missoula six years and is now a senior of 
 the Washington State University at Seattle 
 
 In religion the preference 01 Mr, Dingwall and wife 
 is for the Presbyterian faith. He takes an active in- 
 terest in Republican politics, and his sterling citizen- 
 ship has brought him important official honors and_ re- 
 sponsibilities. He has been a county commissioner since 
 igo8 and is now chairman of the board, and has been 
 a member of the local school board for the past sixteen 
 years. He is a director and one of the organizers of the 
 new First State Bank of Philipsburg, and is a member 
 of the Society of Montana Pioneers. Though most of 
 his life has been occupied with the serious practical 
 affairs, he has many diversions. The national game 
 of baseball, hunting, horses and music and drama all 
 appeal to him, and in his own home he passes many 
 profitable and pleasurable hours with his books, Mon- 
 tana during more than forty years of residence has 
 given him the satisfaction and contentment which are 
 among the greatest prizes of human life, and no more 
 
 loyal citizen of the state could be found than William 
 Dingwall of Drummond, 
 
 John P. Reins, one of the old time pioneers of 
 Montana who crossed the plains with a mule team 
 before the days of railroads, and who has lived to see 
 the Treasure state take a foremost place among the 
 commonwealths of the great west, has been a resident 
 of Butte for well on to forty years, and has seen that 
 city grow from a typical mining camp to one of the 
 most progressive and up to date cities of the north- 
 west. Mr. Reins has attained the Psalmist’s alloted 
 three score and ten years of life, and is yet possessed 
 of alert mentality, and a physical vigor well becoming 
 one many years his junior. 
 
 He comes from a fine old Virginia family that has 
 long been identified with the growth and development 
 of that state, where he was born September 10, 1842, 
 a son of William H. and Susan (Ashworth) Reins. 
 The father, also a Virginian, was born on March 6, 
 1810, and by occupation was a farmer. He lived to the 
 age of more than eighty-six. He married Miss Susan 
 Ashworth, whose father, Louis Ashworth, was a min- 
 ister of the gospel. 
 
 John P. Reins was the younger of the two children 
 of his parents, and like most of the sons of well to do 
 parents in that section of the country, had the advan- 
 tage of a good education. He passed through the pub- 
 lic schools and graduated from Hillsville Academy. 
 At the breaking out of the Civil war he was not yet 
 nineteen, but at the beginning of that great struggle 
 in 1861 he joined Company H, Twenty-fourth Vir- 
 ginia Infantry, made up from students of his alma 
 mater. He participated in the first and second battles 
 of Manassas, the siege of Knoxville, the battles of 
 Saitville, Crow’s Nest, Charleston, West Virginia, Salt 
 pond Mountain, Cloyd’s Farm and Cawley River. Sub- 
 sequently he joined the Eighth Cavalry, under General 
 Eckels, commander of the Department of Southwest- 
 ern Virginia. During this service he was wounded by 
 a saber cut in the knee at Clinch river. 
 
 In 1865 he began the study of medicine, which he 
 pursued for one year, when he was obliged to give 
 up further work along that line, owing to the loss of 
 his right eye. In 1867 he removed west and located 
 in Kansas, where, for a year he engaged in farming. 
 In 1868 Mr. Reins came to Deer Lodge, Montana, by 
 mule team across the plains, via Poll Creek, and 
 shortly afterward located in what is now Powell 
 county, where he was employed in the stock business 
 for about twelve months. During the next two years 
 he was prospecting and mining, after which he went 
 to Butte and subsequently to Philipsburg and Deer 
 Lodge county, still engaged in mining, and in 1875 he 
 returned to Butte, where he has ever since resided. 
 
 Mr. Reins has had varied interests since his coming 
 to Montana, his first business venture in the territory 
 being in the butcher business, which he followed for 
 about one year. Subsequent years found him in other 
 lines, being heavily interested in real estate, mercan- 
 tile, mining and for a while in the wholesale liquor 
 business. But during his entire business career in 
 Montana he has always been, more or less, interested 
 in mining. He was one of the organizers of the Reins 
 Copper Company, of which he is the vice-president. 
 
 In 1884 he was united in marriage to Mrs. Mary 
 E. Rumans, of Missouri, who died in 1894. They were 
 the parents of a daughter, Mary E., who died May 18, 
 1894. Mr. Reins is a member of Butte Lodge, No. 22, 
 A. F. & A. M. His political associations have always 
 been with the Democratic party, and he has served 
 three terms with credit to himself and satisfaction to 
 his constituents as alderman . from the second and 
 eighth wards of Butte. 
 
 Doctor Reins, as he is known and addressed by a 
 wide acquaintance, is one of the substantial citizens of 
 
1006 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Butte, whose sterling character and superior business 
 ability have gained for him a foremost position among 
 the most highly respected residents of his city. 
 
 Reinhold Henry Kleinschmidt. Among the pro- 
 gressive men of Montana, big both mentally and physi- 
 cally, who have played a prominent part in the affairs 
 of the territory and state is Reinhold H. Kleinschmidt, 
 from 1866 to 1900 a successful and dominating figure in 
 the commercial life of the capital city of Helena, and 
 whose business extended throughout the length and 
 breadth of Montana. 
 
 From the time he first entered the confines of the 
 state in 1867 he has been a force to reckon with in 
 commercial affairs and a most dependable and able man 
 to respond to the needs of the commonwealth. As a 
 business man be stands without a superior in the north- 
 west and has been able to maintain his position by 
 square dealing and an unfailing observance of all the 
 amenities due between men of honor. Mis business ex- 
 perience in the state extends over nearly half a century 
 and covered all of the settled portions. His executive 
 ability has been proven beyond the capacity of ordinary 
 men and stamps him as of extraordinary mold. His 
 entire interests extended over several states and terri- 
 tories and embraced everything from large comnrercial 
 enterprises to mining, freighting, stock raising, irrigat- 
 ing and so on. In all of these he was successful, at the 
 same time having leisure to assist in promoting the wel- 
 fare of his state and city, in both of which he takes a 
 just and honorable pride as having been instrumental in 
 their establishment upon sound principles of business 
 and morality. 
 
 Reinhold H. Kleinschmidt is of sterling German stock 
 and comes of that virile race which has done so much 
 to infuse the spiVit of independence and character into 
 the life and institutions of his adopted country. He 
 was born near Madgeburg, Prussia, November 4, 1847, 
 and is a son of Carl and Elizabeth (Kuphal) Klein- 
 schmidt, the former from the Hartz Mountains and of 
 Hanoverian birth, and the latter a native of Prussia. 
 The father dying and leaving the widow with orphaned 
 children to make their own way in the world, she soon 
 determined that she and her children would have a 
 better chance to succeed in a new country, so she deter- 
 mined to immigrate to the United States and she pos- 
 sessed the true Spartan spirit and daring and was soon 
 aboard a sailing ship bound for the new world, accom- 
 panied by her children. They landed in the city of 
 Baltimore in 1856 and soon after began farming in 
 Allegany county, Maryland. Not long afterward they 
 determined to move west and established a home in 
 Bloomington, Illinois. In that town the subject of our 
 sketch obtained employment in a nursery. Conditions 
 proving unsatisfactory in Bloomington, the family re- 
 moved to Hermann. Missouri, and resumed farming, 
 Reinhold Kleinschmidt again securing employment in 
 a nursery. In i860 the family, which still kept together, 
 located in Boonville in the same state. Plere Mr. Klein- 
 schmidt attended school for about six months. This 
 schooling, which supplemented the groundwork of an 
 education received at excellent schools in the old coun- 
 try, together with a wide and varied business experi- 
 ence, made of him a very well informed man, indeed. 
 Lexington, Missouri, was the next home of the family, 
 and in that place Mr. Kleinschmidt found employment 
 in a printing office, where he remained until the be- 
 ginning of the War of the Rebellion. Then the family 
 moved to Liberty, Missouri, and later on Mr. Klein- 
 schmidt went to Liberty and secured a clerkship in a 
 store, which was his first experience in a business that 
 he was later to make illustrious in the Rocky Mountains. 
 He went to Leavenworth for a short time and on re- 
 turning to his home in Liberty volunteered for enlistment 
 as a soldier in the Union army. He was little more 
 than a boy, but his spirit of patriotism and love of 
 
 country was paramount and he desired to march to the 
 front and help repel the foes of the government. He was 
 sworn in and his name was placed on the muster rolls, 
 but he was not permitted to remain in the service owing 
 to his youth, he being only fifteen years old at the time 
 of his enlistment. He received his discharge and at 
 once sought employment, which he secured in a con- 
 fectionery store, where he remained until 1863 when 
 he and his brothers started a store in Liberty. They 
 later had a store in Leavenworth, Kansas, and at Law- 
 rence in the same state which they conducted until 
 the close of the war. In i86,S the brothers extended 
 their business to Las Vegas, New Mexico. By this 
 time Mr. Kleinschmidt and his brothers had acquired 
 a good knowledge of the grocery business and felt able 
 to compete in that line anywhere. In 1867 they deter- 
 mined to try their fortune in the gold fields of Mon- 
 tana and in the following year established a store of 
 general merchandise in Helena, which was owned and 
 conducted by R. LI. Kleinschmidt and his brother Albert.. 
 This store was a success from its inception and estab- 
 lished a record that is unsurpassed in the annals of 
 commercial enterprise in Montana. Its prosperity con- 
 tinued to grow with the passing years and established 
 the character of Mr. Kleinschmidt as a careful busi- 
 ness man and an executive of high and commanding 
 ability. He possessed great sagacity and strong organ- 
 izing powers together with his other business traits of 
 recognized merit. The necessity for expanding the 
 business he saw at a glance and it was not long before 
 the firm had thirteen separate and distinct stores in dif- 
 ferent parts of the state. In addition to this they added 
 mules and cattle trains for the transportation of mer- 
 chandise to points where needed. The wagon trains 
 had a capacity of two hundred and fifty tons and con- 
 sisted of about eighty wagons. 
 
 May 19, 1880, Mr. Kleinschmidt was married to Miss 
 Amelia Man, in San Francisco, a daughter of H. Albert 
 Mau. They occupy a spacious and comfortable home in 
 Flelena, where they delight to entertain their friends 
 and where Mrs. Kleinschmidt rriakes an ideal hostess. 
 Mr. Kleinschmidt is an honored member of Wadsworth 
 Post, G. A. R., is a Republican in politics and has always 
 advocated the principles of that party, although he has 
 never sought public office. He made frequent visits to 
 the principal eastern cities while engaged in business 
 and became acquainted with cosmopolitan commercial 
 life and the conductors of big business, purchasing 
 largely for his extensive trade in Montana. He found 
 time to also make frequent visits to California and 
 became familiar with the beautiful scenery and life of 
 the Pacific coast. In 1872 he visited the Exposition in 
 Vienna, Austria and the Centennial Exposition at Phila- 
 delphia in 1876. After his marriage he visited in com- 
 pany with his wife the greater part of Europe and en- 
 joyed a most delightful time. They also made a tour 
 of the United States in 1883 and extended their visit 
 to Alaska. The Columbian Exposition in Chicago was. 
 also visited and the Midwinter Fair at San Francisco and 
 the Yellowstone National Park. Altogether Mr. Klein- 
 schmidt has been one of the most extensive travelers 
 in the state and has gained much information and a 
 knowledge of other peoples and lands that are a source 
 of satisfaction and of pleasure. In 1908 he made a 
 tour of Mexico in company with Mrs. Kleinschmidt, 
 visiting the principal cities of that country. 
 
 His business has included every enterprise worth 
 mentioning in the state of Montana. He owns exten- 
 sive mining interests' both in Montana and Idaho. In 
 the latter state in the Seven Devils country he is the 
 principal owner of what are considered the richest and 
 most extensive copper mines in the world. He assisted 
 greatly in locating the permanent capital at Helena and 
 has contributed of his means in many other ways to- 
 ward the advancement of his home city and has always 
 been a decided factor in the advancement of "the state. 
 
V " •' ■ 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1007 
 
 At the present time Mr. Kleinschmidt is not engaged in 
 mercantile pursuits, havina; retired from that line sorne 
 years ago. He still has large business interests in 
 Helena and throughout the state that occupy his time 
 and he is quite extensively interested in real estate. 
 He is the owner of some of the finest city property, 
 including the Granite block, a substantial structure on 
 Main street. He is a conspicuous figure and a force 
 in the affairs of his state and city and possesses many 
 friends. He is active, energetic and contrives to derive 
 a great deal of pleasure out of life. 
 
 Jacob M. Schiffman, of Butte, Montana, repre- 
 sents that type of the well-bred foreign-born Ameri- 
 can citizen whose inherited tendencies of industry 
 and frugality have added so much to the growth and 
 prosperity of our nation. He was born at Zoludok, 
 in the province of Wilner, Russia, August 20, 1868, 
 and is the son of the late Moses and Mary Schiffman 
 of Zoludok, the former of whom was a well-known 
 and wealthy dealer and exporter of lumber and grain 
 of that city. Moses Schiffman was born in Zoludok 
 in 1827, and after a long and active career, he died 
 in his native city in 1907. He gained prominence and 
 wealth as a dealer in lumber and grain, which he 
 exported to foreign countries by the shipload. Mary 
 Schift'man also a native of Lida, province of Wilna, 
 Russia, born in 1841, and died there in 1901. It will 
 thus be noted that the boyhood and youth of Jacob 
 M. Schiffman w'ere spent in the environment of a well- 
 regulated home. He was educated in the public schools 
 of Zoludok, and during his youth he assisted his 
 father and in that manner gained a practical knowl- 
 edge of the lumber and grain business, a knowledge 
 that proved a valuable asset to him in after years. 
 
 In 1868, or when eighteen years of age, he resolved 
 to seek his fortunes in the New World, and bidding 
 farewell to his parents and his native land, he took 
 passage for New York. He soon found employment 
 at various kinds of work, for he was willing to engage 
 in any toil that assured him an honest dollar. How'- 
 ever, he did not remain long in New^ York, as he 
 learned that he could secure more work and better 
 pay in the West. His first stop on his way westward 
 was in Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained a short 
 time and there learned of the many advantages await- 
 ing an energetic young man in ^Montana. Therefore, 
 within a year of his arrival in New York, he became 
 a resident of Butte, and from the day of his arrival 
 to the present time he has been convinced that nowhere 
 else in this country are there so many opportunities 
 open to the young man of merit as there are in Butte 
 and its vicinity. 
 
 On his arrival there, Mr. Schiffman secured employ- 
 ment in a small store, but he soon resigned his posi- 
 tion to open up a confectionery establishment of his 
 own. This business nroved a success from the start 
 and when he disposed of it in igoi, he was regarded 
 as one of the successful confectioners of that city. 
 
 Mr. Schiffman decided that ere he again embarked 
 in business he would see a little more of the New 
 World, and made a prospecting tour to Central and 
 South America. He found in those countries many 
 opportunities for a man of large capital, but he found 
 no place that suited him as well as Butte, and after 
 an eight months’ trip he returned there and again 
 engaged in the confectionery business. He continued 
 in that line until 1903, when he disposed of it at a 
 large profit and became a traveling salesman for a 
 cigar manufacturer. After one year on the road, he 
 resigned his position to engage in the mercantile busi- 
 ness at Gregson Sorings, Montana. In 1903. Presi- 
 dent Roosevelt appointed him postmaster at Gregson 
 Springs, and he held that position until 1907.' 
 
 As early as 1895, Mr. Schiffman had become inter- 
 ested in mining timber and engaged actively in the 
 
 business at Gregson Springs. But believing the city 
 of Butte to be a better location, he removed there and 
 opened a finely equipped office in the Owsley building. 
 Besides handling mining timber on an extensive 
 scale, he also handles grain and hay in carload lots. 
 His business has grown by leaps and bounds and 
 among his many large customers is the Anaconda 
 Copper Company of Butte, which he furnishes with 
 all of its mining timber. 
 
 At Spokane, Washington, on October ii, 1910, Mr. 
 Schiffman married Itliss Nellie Kilburn, a native of 
 Westfield, Massachusetts. She is the daughter of 
 Charles Kilburn, also a native of Massachusetts and 
 a prominent whip manufacturer. Mr. and Mrs. Schiff- 
 man have a son, Moses J. Schiffman, born September 
 6, 1911. 
 
 Mr. Schiffman is a stanch Republican, and during 
 campaigns he is ever alert and active in the interests of 
 his party. He has served as a delegate to state con- 
 ventions and is prominent in the councils of the party. 
 Mr. Schiffman gives liberally to charity and is one 
 of the directors of Jewish Charities in the city of 
 Butte. He frequently contributes to the poor and lowly, 
 quietly and without ostentatious display. While Mr. 
 Schiffman devotes the most of his time and attention 
 to his large and increasing business interests, yet he 
 is fond of various sports, especially of hunting and 
 fishing. He is prominently affiliated with several fra- 
 ternal orders, having attained the 32nd degree of the 
 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite in the Masonic 
 order and being a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He 
 is also a member of Damon Lodge. Knights of Pyth- 
 ias, at Butte, and of the Jewish society, the Indepen- 
 dent Order of B'nai B'rith. 
 
 GA^fER Brothers. Among the prosperous and en- 
 terprising business men of Butte may be mentioned 
 Messrs. Charles W., J. Fred, and E. Walter Gamer, 
 who conduct the oldest established retail shoe store in 
 Butte, and who are also proprietors of a tliriving con- 
 fectionery business in the same city. These gentlemen 
 are natives of Montana, and are the sons of Fred and 
 Emma M. (Fink) Gamer. The father was a native of 
 Germany, born in Baden Baden, and he emigrated to 
 America when he was a youth of seventeen years, 
 coming with his parents and settling on a farm in the 
 immediate vicinity of the city of Chicago. In that city 
 Fred Gamer learned the shoemaking trade, and after 
 the Chicago fire he went to St. Joseph. Missouri, where 
 he took employment with John P. Fink, who operated 
 one of the first shoe factories in Missouri, and who 
 had a chain of stores located at various points in the 
 territories. He was a man of excellent business ability, 
 and he kept the shoe stores stocked with merchandise 
 hauled from his factory by mule teams which he owned. 
 He had stores in Denver, Georgetown, and other points 
 in Colorado, and later operated stores at Deer Lodge 
 and Helena in Montana, on every occasion the estab- 
 lishment of his shoe stores following the discovery of 
 gold in these places. 
 
 Fred Gamer was sent to Georgetown. Colorado, to 
 take charge of one of these stores, and later, in 1868. 
 was sent to Deer Lodge, Montana, and a little later to 
 Helena, Montana, where he managed the Fink shoe 
 stores. In 1873 he was married in St. Joseph, Mis- 
 souri, to Miss Fink, as previously mentioned. She was 
 the daughter of his employer, John P. Fink. Imme- 
 diately following their marriage they came to Helena, 
 the nearest railroad point to that city being Corine, 
 Utah, and from there the trip to Helena was made 
 overland by stage. Less than a year after their mar- 
 riage, John P. Fink died suddenly in St. Joseph, and 
 Fred ( 5 amer purchased the Helena store from the es- 
 tate. Some little time later, when ore was discovered 
 in Butte, he started a branch store in the then mining 
 camp. This store was a success from the first days of 
 
1008 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 its existence, and it has been in constant operation since 
 that time, being the oldest store of its kind in Butte to- 
 day. It has grown consistently with the development 
 and growth of Butte, and is a representative and pros- 
 perous shoe shop, which has been operated in its pres- 
 ent location for more than thirty years. Besides oper- 
 ating these two stores, Mr. Gamer owned and managed 
 a horse ranch ten miles north of Helena for many 
 years, in which business he was also successful and 
 prosperous. The shoe store at Helena he eventually 
 sold to S. L. Smithers Company, and the ranch was 
 purchased by the Masonic fraternity of Montana, where 
 is now located the Masonic Home for Aged Masons. 
 The Butte store is still owned and operated by his two 
 sons, Charles W. and J. Fred Gamer. 
 
 In 1906 the three sons enlarged their business inter- 
 ests by launching a confectionery establishment at 133 
 West Park street. They have a thoroughly modern and 
 sanitary plant where they make all the confections used 
 and sold in the place. The store has proved a great 
 success, filling a well defined want in the city, and is 
 one of the most popular resorts in Butte today. 
 
 Fred Gamer and his wife became the parents oI six 
 children, four sons and two daughters. They are here 
 named : Milton A., Charles W., J. Fred, E. Walter, 
 Ada M., and Sarah Emma. Milton A. died suddenly 
 in April, 1912. Ada is the wife of W. R. Miles of 
 Helena; Emma married Percy W. Holter, of the same 
 city, where they now reside; Fred married Sophia 
 Schwab, and Walter married Stella Goodnow, both 
 being daughters of Helena families. 
 
 Early in 1911 Fred Gamer, Sr., met with an acci- 
 dental death in Anaconda, Montana. His widow still 
 survives and lives in the old home at Helena, having 
 lived in the same house since 1874. This home is lo- 
 cated next door to the residence of W. A. Chesman 
 on the one side and of Col. W. F. Sanders on the 
 other, while Benjamin F. Potts, one of Montana’s first 
 governors, lived for many years directly across the 
 street from the Gamer residence. 
 
 Charles Callaghan. Since the days of the stage 
 coach, when he drove between Bozeman and Helena, 
 Charles Callaghan has been identified with pursuits of 
 a varied nature, and through industry, energy and the 
 ability to recognize and grasp opportunities, has ad- 
 vanced himself to a position of prominence among the 
 citizens of his community, where he is known as an 
 excellent business man and a public official of irre- 
 proachable integrity. Mr. Callaghan was born in Joliet, 
 Will county, Illinois, April 22, 1850, and is a son of Pat- 
 rick and Mary (Quinn) Callaghan, natives of County 
 Monaghan, Ireland. Patrick Callaghan came to this 
 country as a young man by sailing vessel, landing in 
 New York and drifting thence to Illinois, where he 
 opened one of the first stone quarries in Joliet. He con- 
 tinued in the business until 1855, when he 'removed to 
 Cass county, Michigan, there engaging in agricultural 
 pursuits, and clearing a farm from the wildnerness. 
 He died in 1859, at the age of fifty-five years, having 
 been the father of eight children, three of whom are 
 living: Charles; Katherine, the widow of John Glass; 
 and Thomas, a resident of Seattle. Mrs. Callaghan 
 was married (second) to Martin Gill, and two chil- 
 dren were born to them: Edward and John J. In 1905 
 a family reunion, the first in twenty years, was held 
 at the home of Mrs. Gill, in Seattle, Washington, and 
 her death occurred October 27, 1910, when she was 
 eighty-four years of age. 
 
 The boyhood days of Charles Callaghan were spent 
 under the parental roof, but when he was sixteen years 
 old he started working in the Ewing Hotel, Joliet, 
 Illinois, where he spent two years. In the spring of 
 1868 he came west as far as Omaha, Nebraska, where 
 he secured employment with the Union Pacific Rail- 
 road, and was connected with its construction depart- 
 
 ment while the road was being built through to Wy- 
 oming. He subsequently went to Ewing Canyon, Utah, 
 where he was engaged in cutting wood for Camp 
 Douglas, and later became a driver of a bull team, 
 which he brought overland to Silver Star, Madison 
 county, Montana. Arriving in the fall of 1868, he be- 
 gan work as a miner in the Green Camel mine, and 
 worked there until 1871, when he became proprietor 
 of the Silver Star Hotel, a hostelry which he conducted 
 for one year. In the fall of 1875 he resumed mining 
 operations, but subsequently went overland to Nevada,, 
 and was engaged in mining and working in a smelter 
 until the fall of 1878. At that time he returned east to 
 Indiana, and in the spring of 1879 went to Pottawa- 
 tomie county, Kansas, and followed farming for about 
 one year. ’ During the spring of 1880 he came to Mon- 
 tana, and went, up the Missouri river to Fort Benton, 
 then to Three Forks, where he continued prospecting 
 for about one year. During the summer and winter of 
 1881 and 1882 he drove the stage between Helena and 
 Bozeman, and in the spring of 1883 established him- 
 self in the liquor business in Three Forks, but disposed 
 of his interests therein in 1892. From the fall of 1889 
 to 1895 he was also engaged in horse dealing, but in 
 the latter year became identified with the ranching 
 business in Gallatin county, having a property three 
 miles from Bozeman. This he sold in 1899 to purchase 
 another property thirty miles north of Bozeman, and 
 also engaged in the livery business in this city, but sold 
 out after one year. Pie still owns his ranch, the opera- 
 tion of which he superintends, and from 1902 to 1909 
 was engaged in railroad contracting, but since the lat- 
 ter year has been practically retired from business pur- 
 suits. 
 
 Mr. Callaghan is a stanch Democrat in his political 
 views and in 1910 was elected county commissioner for 
 a six-year term. He is giving the citizens of his com- 
 munity an excellent administration and has demon- 
 strated that he possesses abilities of a high order. With 
 his family he attends the Roman Catholic church, be- 
 longs to the Knights of Columbus, No. 1413, and also 
 holds membership in Bozeman Lodge No. 463, B. P. 
 O. E., and Bozeman Lodge No. 64 Woodmen of the 
 World, in which he is very popular. Mr. Callaghan 
 was married May i, 1883, to Miss Lucille B. Monroe, 
 who \vas born in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, daughter of 
 William and Bridget Monroe, natives of County Gal- 
 way, Ireland. Mr. Monroe came to the United States 
 as a young man, and was married in Pennsylvania. 
 After residing for some time in that state he removed 
 to Pottawatomie county, Kansas, became a pioneer 
 farmer, and there spent the rest of his life, dying in 
 1877, in the faith of the Roman Catholic church. He 
 and his wife were the parents of ten children, seven 
 of whom are still living, as follows: Mrs. Callaghan, 
 
 Rosa, Matilda, Agnes and Elizabeth, twins, Ellen and 
 James. Of the eleven children born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Callaghan, nine are still living: Charles H., who mar- 
 ried Hattie Lyons ; William E., who married Mary 
 McAtee; and Margaret, Mary, Agnes, Eugene, Law- 
 rence, Leo and Anna. 
 
 Everett Hiram Brundage. Among the men who 
 have acted prominent parts in the business and finan- 
 cial history of the Beaverhead valley, Everett Hiram 
 Brundage, of Dillon, is conspicuous. Honored and 
 respected by the people of city and county, he enjoys 
 a large measure of public esteem, not alone on account 
 of his prestige in financial circles, but also by reason 
 of the straightforward business policy he has ever fol- 
 lowed and the worthy _ standing he has achieved in 
 the domain of private citizenship. Mr. Brundage, who 
 has resided here since May, 1869, conducts the largest 
 undertaking business in all the Beaverhead valley. 
 
 Mr. Brundage was born at Fort Bridger, Wyoming, 
 April 13, 1863. When an infant he removed with his 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1009 
 
 parents to Pennsylvania, where he remained until about 
 six years of age. In May, 1869, they came west again, 
 locating in Virginia City, Montana, w'here they re- 
 sided for about nine years and then went to Sheridan, 
 Montana, where they remained for some two years. In 
 1880, Mr. Brundage came to Dillon and he has been here 
 off and on ever since that time. His first experience 
 in business was in his father’s machine shop at Virginia 
 City and subsequent to that he w^as engaged in the 
 printing business with his father at Sheridan, Montana. 
 He then tried ranching for a time, experiencing the 
 free life of the plains for over five years. He then 
 came back to Dillon and again became identified with 
 the printing business. He then became an editor, and 
 for three years managed the Dillon Tribune, but he 
 did not remain permanently engaged with the Fourth 
 Estate, and at the end of the period above mentioned he 
 embarked in the furniture and grocery business with 
 O. E. Morse. Upon the demise of Mr. Morse he de- 
 cided to establish himself in business independently, 
 and bought the furniture stock of the late firm. How-- 
 ever, at the time of starting in business he traded his 
 furniture stock to another dealer and took over his 
 undertaking department, and now conducts the latter 
 department exclusively. He has a fully equipped and 
 up-to-date business making use of the finest and most 
 scientific mortuary methods, his, in truth, being the 
 leading undertaking business in Beaverhead valley. He 
 has also a special department for cabinet workframing, 
 etc. 
 
 Mr. Brundage earned his first money as a boy at the 
 age of about twelve years by herding the town cows 
 during vacation time, and proved such an efficient 
 capitalist that he made from fifty to sixty dollars a 
 month. Thus his unusual executive ability was mani- 
 fest at an early age. He is an active member of the 
 Episcopal church, as is also Mrs. Brundage, and his 
 political faith is that of the Republican party, al- 
 though he takes no active part in politics. He is a 
 Mason, being master of the blue lodge, and he has 
 filled nearly every other office in the fraternity. He 
 is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and has 
 filled all the chairs in this organization. _ He finds his 
 favorite diversion in hunting and fishing, being an 
 expert with rod and gun, and he is an enthusiast on the 
 subject of baseball; in fact he used to play the game 
 and was at one time quite a hero among the fans. 
 He is never happier than when listening to good 
 music. 
 
 Mr. Brundage is one of the loyal sons of Montana, 
 having absolute confidence in the future of the Treas- 
 ure state and it has been proved that nothing could 
 induce him to become a citizen of any other state. 
 He once visited his father in California and the elder 
 gentleman put forth many good arguments to get him 
 to come there to live. Mr. Brundage, however, sang 
 a little song, beginning, 
 
 “Take me back to old Montana 
 
 Where there’s lots of room and air,” 
 
 and proved impervious to all inducements. 
 
 He • belongs to that typical American product-— the 
 self-made men, and has made his own way quite with-, 
 out assistance since the age of fourteen, and in him 
 the fine results of industry, thrift and good manage- 
 ment are very apparent, for he is one of the leading 
 business men of Dillon. 
 
 Mr. Brundage was married in Montana, the young 
 woman who became his wife bejng Louise C. Stau- 
 daher. Four sons and a daughter have been born to 
 the union; Everett D., born in Dillon, now resides in 
 Butte; Hiram M., a native to Dillon, is .associated 
 with his father in business; Thomas, born in Dillon, 
 died at the age of ten years; Justin, no\v attending 
 school, as is Dorothy, the baby, are like their brothers, 
 
 natives of Dillon. Their home is a very popular and 
 pleasant one. 
 
 Mr. Brundage’s father, Hiram Brundage, was born 
 in Canada, came to the United States when a boy and 
 first settled in Indiana. He came to this state in 1863, 
 and has ever since been in the west. During Indian 
 war times he was telegraph operator at Bridger, driv- 
 ing through the country under the escort of soldiers 
 and assisting in getting the first telegraph line through 
 to Salt Lake City. It was he who established the 
 Dillon Tribune, one of the leading newspapers of Mon- 
 tana. Now retired, he resides in Lower California, 
 and enjoys universal respect. The mother, whose 
 maiden name was Elizabeth Holiday, married in Penn- 
 sylvania and died in Virginia City, Montana, where 
 she is interred. There were five children in the elder 
 Brundage family, the subject being next to the eldest. 
 The remainder are located as follows : John is mar- 
 
 ried and resides in Beaverhead county ; Anna, now the 
 wife of Thomas Shaw, resides in Madison county, 
 Montana ; Adelaide is married and makes her home in 
 the state of Washington; an infant sister, Elizabeth, 
 died at the age of two years. 
 
 Henry Buck. The story of the life work of Henry 
 Buck, one of the best known and most influential citi- 
 zens of the Bitter Root valley, is a thrilling narrative, 
 the chapters of which mark the way from a little 
 country school in Michigan to the ownership of one 
 of the finest orchards in the state of Montana. Start- 
 ing as . a ranchman near Florence, some forty years 
 ago, he reached a proud position of commercial suprem- 
 acy by methods which in these days of higher criticism 
 of business practice have never been assailed, and his 
 achievements are ascribed by those who know him 
 commercially to strict and conscientious attention to 
 business coupled with honor and rectitude of a high 
 order. Mr. Buck is a native of Ohio, having been born 
 in Sandusky county, near Bellevue, August 13, 1846. 
 and is a son of George and Susan (Shell) Buck, na- 
 tives of Pennsylvania. Some time after their marriage, 
 Mr. Buck’s parents removed to Monroe, Michigan, 
 and there Henry, the youngest of thirteen children, 
 secured a primary and high school education, an<^ sup- 
 plemented this training with a year in Albion Commer- 
 cial College, from which he was graduated in 1867. 
 
 For the two years that followed Mr. Buck was en- 
 gaged in teaching school in Michigan, but believed that 
 greater opportunities awaited him in the west, and 
 accordingly came to Montana, making the trip up the 
 Missouri river on the steamer “Nile,” to Fort Benton. 
 In 1868, he moved to Lincoln gulch, where he spent 
 two years in mining, and then went to Cedar creek 
 with his brothers and spent another year as a miner. 
 At that time (in 1871), Mr. Buck purchased a ranch 
 in the Bitter Root country near Florence, and for 
 two years followed farming and stock-raising, but at 
 the end of that time returned to Cedar creek, his 
 brothers having developed valuable mining interests. 
 During the fall of 1875, Buck returned to his 
 
 ranch, but in the following spring, in company with 
 his brothers, Amos and Frederick, bought a general 
 store at Stevensville, and under the name of Buck 
 Brothers conducted the establishment until Amos sold 
 his interests, at which time the firm style was changed 
 to F. & H. Buck. On January 31, 1890, Fred Buck 
 passed away, but the firm name continued the same 
 until an interest was purchased by a nephew, Charles 
 Buck, when the concern became known as H. Buck & 
 Company. In 1911 Henry Buck disposed of his in- 
 terest in the store in order to give his entire atten- 
 tion to the cultivation of his orchard of six thousand 
 bearing apple trees, adjoining Stevensville, one of the 
 finest in the state._ As early as 1872, Mr. Buck was 
 one of the first to introduce apple-growing in the Bitter 
 Root valley, and the crabs and other varieties on the 
 
1010 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Bass ranch, and found all over this section, had their 
 parent stock in his orchard. In 1894 he started an 
 orchard of forty acres, given principally to apples, 
 and since that time he has been engaged in experiment- 
 ing in numerous varieties. He has had more than ordi- 
 nary success, and in 1909 was the recipient of the silver 
 trophy cup, first prize for McIntosh apples grown in 
 the state. In addition, Mr. Buck is energetic, eager, 
 enthusiastic, broad-minded and ready to do large 
 things in a large way. Like many others, he has risen 
 step by step, by reason of sterling integrity and busi- 
 ness methods that have been above reproach. However, 
 he has not been content with the mere attainment of 
 success, as education, charity and morality have all 
 found a place in his life. Any movement that has for 
 its object the betterment of his community always re- 
 ceives his heart)' support, and during the building of 
 the training school at Stevensville, he gave both of his 
 means and of his services as treasurer to its successful 
 completion. In political matters he is a stalwart Pro- 
 gressive. Fraternally, he is connected with the Ala- 
 sons. Mr. Buck can review a long and active life, back 
 to the days of the outbreak of the “non-treaty” Nez 
 Perces Indians, in 1877, when, on the arrival of Gen. 
 O. O. Ploward in, Stevensville, Air, Buck took his 
 own four-horse term and wagon and carried provisions 
 for the soldiers. He remained with the command for 
 about two months, and was discharged at Bozeman. 
 
 On April 2, 1878, Air. Buck was married (first) to 
 Aliss Clara E, Elliott, of Hamilton, who died March 
 28, 1897, leaving two children, Fred E. and Clarence 
 H. On April 5, 1900, Mr. Buck married Aliss Nellie 
 Belle Haynes, a daughter of William Haynes, a farmer 
 near Aliles City, and a native of Iowa City, Iowa. 
 
 Hon. Ch.\rles W. Hoffman., Every hamlet has its 
 rejjrcsentative and efficient men, and as the community 
 ■enlarges and the responsibilities grow greater, here and 
 there come forward from the masses, men of peculiar 
 fitness for public duties and business enterprises. Mon- 
 tana has been rapidly and wonderfully developed, not 
 only because of her natural resources and vast mineral 
 wealth but rather from the fact that she early became 
 the chosen home of men of energy and foresight, of dis- 
 criminating judgment and of a public spirit that has been 
 exercised to win her a prestige wide and permanent. To 
 this class particularly belongs Hon. Charles W. Ploff- 
 man, who, for many years was closely identified with 
 banking and ranching interests and whose public duties 
 made his name familiar from one end of the state to the 
 other. His home has been maintained at Bozeman for 
 more than forty years and Gallatin county has frequently 
 honored him with election to important offices. 
 
 Charles W. Hoffman was born at Niles, Michigan, 
 September 2, 1846, and is a son of George W. and 
 Esther Louise (Wheeler) Hoffman, a grandson of Will- 
 iam and a great-grandson of John Conrad Hoffman. 
 This last named ancestor was born in Germany in 1750 
 and he was the pioneer of the family in America. In 
 1781 he was m.arried at Halifax, Nova Scotia, to a 
 daughter of Sir John Steinfort, king’s commissioner at 
 Halifax, and widow of Colonel Allgood, a British officer. 
 Their two children, William and Leonard Floffman, 
 were born at Plalifax and accompanied them to New 
 York City. 
 
 William Hoffman, grandfather of Senator Floffman, 
 was born September 29, 1782, and in 1803, in the city 
 of New York, he married Catherine Driscoll, who was 
 a daughter of Adam' and Alary Driscoll, native of Nor- 
 wich, Connecticut. Of their eleven children, George 
 Washington, father of Senator Hoffman, was the fourth 
 in order of birth. William Hoffman was a military man. 
 He entered the service of the United States and was 
 commissioned first lieutenant in Captain Gilbert's com- 
 pany, Forty-first Regiment, United States Infantry, 
 
 Col. Robert Bogardus commanding, in November, 
 1813, and served in that arm of the service until his 
 death on November 26, 1845, at Corpus Christi, Texas, 
 his official rank being lieutenant-colonel of the Seventh 
 Infantry, United States army. During this long period 
 of military service he saw much of the danger and hard- 
 ship of frontier campaigning, serving in such frontier 
 outposts as Sackett’s Flarbor, Sault Ste. Marie, Fort Ni- 
 agara, Fort Alackinaw and during the Seminole war was 
 at Fort Smith, Arkansas. One of his sons, William 
 Hoffman, served forty years as a soldier and was then 
 retired at his own request and received the brevets of 
 brigadier and major-general. United States army. An- 
 other son, Ale.xander T. Hoffman, was second lieuten- 
 ant of the Sixth Infantry, at the time of his death after 
 serving in the Seminole war. Satterlee, the youngest 
 son, was killed at the battle of Churubusco, in the Alexi- 
 can war. 
 
 George Washington Hoffman, father of Senator Hoff- 
 man, had less taste for a military life than his father 
 and brothers, but became a civil employe of the govern- 
 ment in 1824 and continued until 1830, at Jefferson bar- 
 racks. He was born October 10, 1809, in the city of 
 New York, and thus was but fifteen years of age when 
 responsible duties fell to his share. In 1831 he went into 
 business at Niles, Alichigan, where he resided until 1857, 
 when he removed his family to Detroit and became 
 cashier of the Detroit & Alilwaukee Railroad. He left 
 Detroit in 1866, having accepted the office of secretary 
 of the Corn Exchange Insurance Company, New York 
 City, but in 1871 returned to Detroit and became state 
 agent for several old line insurance companies and 
 continued so interested until his retirement, his death 
 occurring January 5, 1886. While a resident of Niles, 
 Alichigan, he served six terms as town clerk, was also 
 a justice of the peace and in 1840 was elected probate 
 judge. Although not of military fibre, he was a man of 
 sterling qualities and successfully carried through all 
 the responsibilities he assumed throughout a long and 
 busy life. 
 
 On September 18, 1834, at Beardsley’s Prairie, Alichi- 
 gan, George W. Hoffman was married to Miss Esther 
 Louise Wheeler, who was a daughter of Preserved and 
 Polly (Johnson) (AIcNeill) Wheeler. Five children 
 were born to them, as follows : Catherine Louisa, Caro- 
 line Amelia, Charlotte Williams, George Brown and 
 Charles Wheeler. This youngest son was twelve years 
 old when the family moved to Detroit and he had 
 already made excellent progress in his studies, and two 
 years later, in order that he should enjoy exceptional 
 advantages, he was sent east and continued in school 
 at Burlington, Vermont, until 1862. 
 
 An inherited military leaning, perhaps, led the young 
 man then to the west and he joined the forces at Fort 
 Randall, on the Alissouri river, and when Fort Buford 
 was established, in i 860 , he was appointed post sutler. 
 This was in the period of Indian warfare when the dan- 
 gerous Sioux were constantly on the war path and Air. 
 Hoffman, with the others at that remote outpost, was 
 constantly in danger from this savage tribe. Ide re- 
 mained in the west until 1868 and then made a visit to 
 the east but with no expectation of remaining as he had 
 already been appointed sutler at Fort Ellis, Montana. 
 When he returned, however, it was not alone, as he had 
 been married at Buffalo. New York, April 27, 1869, to 
 Aliss Elizabeth B. Penfield, who is a daughter of George 
 W. and Jane Eliza (Van Ness) Penfield. Immediately 
 afterward Air. and Airs. Hoffman came to Alontana and 
 established their home at Bozeman, with which city he 
 lias ever since been identified. He has been one of the 
 founders of many of the city’s prospering enterprises 
 and since those early days has been interested in mining, 
 merchandising, farming, ranching and banking. He was 
 president of the Bozeman National Bank until its merger 
 in 1905 with the Commercial National Bank, of which 
 lie is a stockholder. 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1011 
 
 Mr Hoffman was reared to believe firmly m the prin- 
 ciples of the Democratic party and has never swerved 
 from this allegiance and has aUvays taken active interest 
 in public affairs that marks the useful and efficient cit- 
 izen. As alderman of the city of Bozeman he has been 
 of great service, on many occasions, in municipal matters 
 and equally valuable to the public as county commis- 
 sioner of Gallatin county. He was elected to represent 
 the fifteenth territorial assembly of Montana, and in the 
 sixteenth assembly was a joint member of the council 
 for Gallatin and Meagher counties. He served with dis- 
 tinction as senator in the first state legislature and w'as 
 reelected to the senate for a second term, and served 
 in the senate continuously until 1904. In ^8 he was 
 appointed quartermaster-general on the staff of Gover- 
 nor Leslie, and was successively re-appointed by Gover- 
 nors White Toole and Rickard, during the adminis- 
 tration of the latter being retired, at his own request. 
 
 To Senator and Mrs. Hoffman two children were 
 born, Eugene B. and Mary L., the latter of v^om is now' 
 deceased. Eugene B. Hoffman was born December 3 - 
 1870. He is a graduate of the law department of Colum- 
 bia College, New York, and at present is a resident of 
 Washington, D. C., and is connected with the interna- 
 tional law department of the United States. He married 
 Miss Ellen Gottschalck, of Bozeman, and they Imve three 
 children, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Hoffman has 
 advanced rapidly in his profession and is a young 
 of brilliant parts. Senator Hoffman is mainly occupied 
 with looking after his farm which lies one mile south 
 of Bozeman, its cultivation and improvement being a 
 constant source of pleasure to him. 
 
 Weckford Morgan. After spending many years in 
 agricultural pursuits, the average^ Montana farmer, be 
 he enterprising and industrious, is loath to turn over 
 his affairs to the hands of others, and so sturdily keeps 
 on tilling his fields and working energetically even at 
 an age when most men would consider they had earned 
 a rest from business cares and activities. When they 
 finally do leave the country for their village or city 
 home, however, they at once take rank with their new 
 community's citizens and are a welcome addition to 
 any section. In this connection a brief record of the 
 life and work of Weckford Morgan, a well-known 
 retired citizen of Bozeman, will not be inappropriate. 
 Mr. Morgan was born in Vermilion county, Illinois, 
 October i, 1837, and is a son of Josiah and Susanna 
 (Hoskins) Morgan. _ ... 
 
 Josiah Morgan was born in the state of Virginia, 
 February 22, 1802, and as a young man became a pioneer 
 farmer of Vermilion county, Illinois, from whence he 
 removed in 1849 to Garden Grove, Decatur_ county, 
 Iowa. He was one of the first county commissioners 
 of that county, and Morgan township is named in his 
 honor. He was a school director for many years, held 
 numerous other township offices, and was known as 
 one of the most substantial farmers and stock-raisers 
 of his community and as an old line Whig and later 
 as an influential Democrat. His death occurred in 1865, 
 while his widow, born March 6, 1813, _ survived him 
 until April 5, 1898. Of their seven children, six are 
 still living, as follows: Uriah M. ; Weckford Nancy, 
 
 the widow of James Metier; Phileene, the widow of 
 William McVey; Zade S., and Josiah, Jr. 
 
 Weckford Morgan secured only limited educational 
 advantages, the greater part of his boyhood being spent 
 in hard work on his father’s farm. He was twelve 
 years of age when he removed with the family to Iowa, 
 and lived on the homestead there until the year 1863, 
 at which time he went overland to Virginia City. From 
 August of that year until the following fall Mr. Morgan 
 was engaged in mining there, and after he had spent 
 the winter on the Iowa farm returned to Montana and 
 located on the Missouri river, between Helena and old 
 Diamond Citv. There he was engaged in cutting hav 
 voi. n— 1 1 
 
 until the fall of 1867, when he returned to Iowa, and 
 was there married, continued to reside in the vicinity 
 of his old home until 1869. He then removed to 
 Kansas, where he was engaged in farming until 1881, 
 but the dry climate of the Sunflower state made him 
 have but little success in spite of industrious labor, and 
 he eventually came overland to Gallatin county, Mon- 
 tana. Locating about twenty-two miles from Bozeman, 
 he engaged in farming and wheat-raising, and met with 
 such success in his efforts that he was able to retire 
 in 1892 with a handsome competency, and since that 
 time has been living quietly in Bozeman, where he 
 owns a comfortable, modern residence at No. 202 Black 
 avenue. South. Since his advent in this part of the 
 country numerous changes have taken place, and he has 
 done his full share in the development of the valley, 
 being at all times ready to give his aid to movements 
 of a beneficial nature. He is an honored member of 
 the Gallatin County Pioneer Society, and in his political 
 views is a Democrat, but has never held nor cared for 
 public office. During his long residence here he has 
 made numerous friends, and he is held in universal 
 esteem by the citizens of the community in which he 
 has spent so many years of his life. 
 
 Mr. Morgan was married December 12, 1867, in Iowa, 
 to Miss Elizabeth J. Morgan, who was born in Wood 
 county, Virginia, near Wheeling, daughter of Oliver 
 and Rowanna (Springer) Morgan. Her father was 
 born May 6, 1813, and was engaged in farming in 
 Wood county, Virginia, until 1852, in which year he 
 became a pioneer farmer and stock-raiser of Madison 
 county, Iowa. There the remainder of his life was 
 spent, his death occurring November 16, 1877. He and 
 his wife had thirteen children, of whom eight are liv- 
 ing, as follows : Sylvester, Beersheba, Louise, David, 
 
 Elizabeth J., Josephine, Jerome and Albert. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Weckford )\Iorgan there have been 
 born ten children, namely: Bruce, who died when he 
 
 was seven years of age; Bertha, the wife of Perry 
 Knowlton; Kate, who died in infancy; Oliver, who 
 died in 1912, when thirty-seven years of age, he having 
 been one of the first to graduate from the Agricultural 
 College; Josiah, who served in the Spanish-American 
 war, and died at the age of twenty-seven years ; Ger- 
 trude, the wife of Allen Cameron, postmaster of Boze- 
 man, a sketch of whose career will be found on another 
 page of this volume; Emma Belle, the wife of Charles 
 Cameron, residing in Bozeman; Herbert, residing in 
 San Diego, California; Claude died in infancy; and Zade 
 Springer, who graduated from the Valparaiso (Ind.) 
 University, now in the employ of the Milwaukee Rail- 
 road. 
 
 Frank L. Reece. The present clerk of the district 
 
 court at Helena has spent thirty years of his life in 
 
 Montana, and his family is among the older residents of 
 this state, dating back to the days of pioneer settlement 
 and development. 
 
 Frank L. Reece was born in Wales. September 3. 
 1864, a son of Dr. Thomas and Mary E. (Charles) 
 Reece. The mother was a daughter of Henry Charles. 
 Dr. Thornas Reece was born in Wales in 1833, ^nd he 
 and his wife were the parents of three sons. The oldest, 
 Thomas H. Reece, died in Butte, I^Iontana. in 1908. 
 Edward D., who was born in Wales in 1866 is now a 
 
 resident of Seattle. Frank L.. is clerk of the district 
 
 court and the second of the family. Dr. Reece in 1868 
 sold his practice and closed up his business affairs and 
 came to America. The following year he established his 
 home in Helena, Montana, where he resumed the 
 practice of his profession. 
 
 Dr. Reece was one of the early physicians of Helena, 
 and a man highly esteemed for his thorough professional 
 ability and his quiet unassuming citizenship. He was 
 never interested in political life but enjoyed his Masonic 
 relations, having been past master of the Royal Arch 
 
1012 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 • 1 “.' 
 
 Masons, in his native country, and active in the order 
 in. Montana. Dr. Reece died, at liis Montana home in 
 i88[, and his widow passed away on the eighteenth of 
 February, igo6. ‘i 
 
 Frank L. Reece was two years of age when the family 
 came to America, and durin^j his boyhood in Montana 
 ))egan his education under private tutors, later attend- 
 ing the public schools. At the 'age of sixteen years he 
 left school and has since then been self-supporting. 
 From 1884 to the fall of 1901 he was connected with the 
 United States land office, and when he left that office 
 was chief clerk. In association with Mr. S. W. Lang- 
 horne, he became an authority on the land and mining 
 laws of this state and is still regarded as one of the 
 most capable advisers on all matters and subjects con- 
 nected with the interpretation of these laws of Montana. 
 For five years, Mr. Reece was a justice , of the peace 
 in his community and in 1906 was elected oh the Repub- 
 lican ticket to the office of clerk of the district court at 
 Helena. 
 
 Mr. Reece is a member of the Elks’ Club, the Fra- 
 ternal Order of Eagles, and the Woodmen of the World. 
 His father and mother had long been members of the 
 Congregational and it is with that denomination that 
 his own church affiliations remain. Outside of his 
 career in public business he has given considerable 
 attention to horse ranching and .is general manager of 
 the Flouse Mining Company at Maryville, Montana. 
 
 Mr. Reece was married on May 12, 1891, to Miss 
 Marguerite Southerland, a daughter of John Souther- 
 land, who was a native of Canada. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Reece, who have no children, have an atractive resi- 
 dence on Benton avenue in Flelena. 
 
 Walter Cooper. Since earliest youth, when as a lad 
 of twelve years he became self-supporting, the career of 
 Walter Cooper, one of the most prominent figures in the 
 business world of Bozeman, and Eastern Montana has 
 been strikingly illustrative of well-defined purpose, stead- 
 fast endeavor and persistent adherence to principle. As 
 the years have passed it has been marked by successful 
 business ventures, large accomplishments in various 
 fields and the gaining and maintaining of a reputation 
 for probity and integrity in all the walks of life,_ while 
 the benefits derived from his activities in the line of 
 public service have been of incalculable .value to the 
 state and community in which he has resided for more 
 than forty years. Mr. Cooper is a native of the Empire 
 State, having been born in the town of Sterling, Cayuga 
 county, New York, the third son of Andrew H. and 
 Sarah E. Cooper, of Argyle, Washington county. New 
 York. 
 
 The paternal grandfather of Mr. Cooper was of Irish 
 descent, while on his mother's side the family originated 
 in Scotland. Argyle, New York, was founded by Don- 
 ald McGillvra, the great-grandfather -of Mr; Cooper, and 
 was named by him for his birthplace, Argyle county. 
 Isle of Mull, Scotland, where he was born in 172,3, and 
 whence -he came to Canada as a private soldier in the 
 British army. He served with General Wolfe during 
 the latter’s campaign against the French, participating 
 in the struggle of the Plains of Abraham, September 13, 
 1759. This sturdy Scotch sol-dier gained an enviable 
 reputation for courage and stability, and was honorably 
 discharged with the' rank of lieutenant September' 14, 
 1763, the original discharge being still in the possession 
 of the family. After* completing his service he went 
 directly to New York City, where he remained three 
 years, and then located-at the town of Hebron, Wash- 
 ington county, continuing to reside there a number of 
 years. At the outbreak of the Revolution, he joined the 
 army of patriots and fought gallantly in the struggle 
 for independence, and in 1789 again settled in Washing- 
 ton county, founded the town of Argyle, and there died 
 in iSia,-- aged eighty-nine years. 
 
 George Cooper, paternal grandfather of Walter 
 
 Cooper, and Daniel McGillvra, son of Donald, emigrated 
 from Washington county to the town of Sterling, Cay- 
 uga county. New York, where they arrived April 27, 
 1827, being among the early settlers of that sectiom 
 George Cooper served in the War of 1812, being sta- 
 tioned at Fort Oswego, where he was taken prisoner by 
 the British squadron under Sir James Yeo, who captured 
 the fortress in 1814. His son, Andrew H., father of 
 Walter Cooper, was born at Argyle, Washington county. 
 New York, in 1813, and married Sarah E. McGillvra, 
 daughter of Daniel McGillvra, at the town of Sterling, 
 Cayuga county, October 30, 1832. She was born in 
 Washington county, November 29, 1814. Mr. Cooper 
 lived in the near vicinity of Sterling until 1845, when he 
 emigrated with his family, consisting of wife and four 
 sons to Shiawassee county, Michigan, and there his death 
 occurred June 24, 1851, when he left a widow and six 
 sons. 
 
 When he was eight years of age, shortly after the 
 death of his father, Walter Cooper was sent to Lansing, 
 Michigan, to live with a maternal aunt, his mother suR 
 sequently returning to New York with her second and 
 three youngest sons. After he had continued to reside 
 with his aunt for something more than three years, 
 young Cooper became dissatisfied, and when he was only 
 twelve years of age ran away to make his own way in 
 the world, and during the three years that followed he 
 worked as a farm hand during the summer months 
 and in the logging camps in winters. During the fall 
 of 1858 he started West, reaching Leavenworth, Kansas, 
 in the month of November, and there devoted himself 
 to whatever occupation presented itself until February, 
 1859, when he joined a party that crossed the plains to 
 Pike’s Peak. In the spring of i860 he became a mem- 
 ber of an expedition that was organized at Denver, 
 Colorado, for the purpose of prospecting in the San Juan 
 mountains, but failing in the object of the expedition 
 he visited Old Mexico, returning to Colorado in the 
 winter of 1861. Mr. Cooper spent the summer and fall 
 of 1862 near Colorado Springs, acting at times as scout 
 for the First Colorado Regiment, and in November, 
 i863,_ started for Montana (then Idaho), arriving at 
 Virginia City in February, 1864, and engaging in mining 
 in Alder Gulch. In May he became interested in a 
 freight train, with which he started for Fort Benton 
 to meet the steamboats, expecting to return to Virginia 
 City with freight, but during that vear the water was 
 so low in the Missouri river that little freight reached 
 Fort Benson and he was forced to return with his teams 
 empty. Arriving at Virginia City in August, he disposed 
 of his train, fitted out a team with supplies for winter, 
 and passed the winter of 1864-5 in the Missouri river 
 valley, spending his time in hunting. In the spring of 
 the latter year he engaged in mining and until the fall 
 of 1869 met with varying success, at that time settling 
 in Bozeman, Gallatin county. 
 
 The year 1870 saw Mr. Cooper engaged in a mercantile 
 business at Bozeman, and he also interested himself ex- 
 tensively in the fur business in 1872, giving this branch 
 of the business such energy and attention that, as a re- 
 sult of his efforts, Bozeman in three years became second 
 in importance in Montana as a shipping point for furs, 
 robes and skins. Mr. Cooper invented and patented 
 many improvements in fire-arms, and at one time manu- 
 factured the most famous long range hunting rifle ever' 
 used in the west. He was selected one of the incor- 
 porators of the city of Bozernan in 1883 and was a mem- 
 ber of the first city council, and was nominated for 
 mayor of the city in 1888, but declined on account of 
 business reasons. On the organization of the board of 
 trade, in 1883, he became its first president. In 1884 he 
 was elected to the constitutional convention as delegate 
 at large, and was made chairman of the committee on 
 Rights of Suffrage and a member of the committee on 
 address, and was again elected to the constitutional con- 
 vention in 1889 on the admission of Montana to the 
 
I 
 
 ! 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 lOia 
 
 Union, and was made chairman of the committee on 
 appointment and representation. As chairman of this 
 committee Mr. Cooper reported and advocated the adop- 
 tion of an article giving one senator to each county, this 
 being ratified by the convention and becoming a part of 
 the constitution, and has been greatly appreciated, being 
 considered a safeguard against reckless legislation. _ Mr. 
 Cooper was selected as delegate at large to the national 
 Democratic convention held at Chicago in 1892 and 
 served on the committee on credentials, and in the same 
 year was nominated as an elector on the Democratic 
 ticket. He was elected president of the State Pioneer 
 Society in 1892, serving two years, and has acted as 
 president of the Gallatin County Pioneer Society three 
 terms. He is also ex-president of the Gallatin Valley 
 Club. He was one of the organizers of the Yellowstone 
 Expedition of 1874 and chairman of the executive com- 
 mittee, also chairman of the ordinance committee, in 
 1883-4 and in 1884 and 1889 was a member of the State 
 Central committee. In 1895 he was elected to the State 
 Legislative Assembly from Gallatin county, as the only 
 member of the legislature elected by a straight Demo- 
 cratic vote, and secured the passage of an act which 
 made possible the erection and equipment of the build- 
 ings now occupied by the Montana State College of 
 Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. In 1892 he was made 
 a member of the first executive board of this institu- 
 tion, and served six years in that capacitj^ In 1910 he 
 was chosen president of the Bozeman Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 In 1889 Mr. Cooper rendered a valuable service to 
 the city of his adoption by organizing the Bozeman 
 Water Works Company, which under his direction 
 caused the erection of the most perfect system of water- 
 works in the northwest, assuring Bozeman of a plenti- 
 ful supply of water for fire protection and domestic 
 use. He became vice-president and one of the largest 
 stockholders in this firm. In 1884 he secured control 
 of the coal fields of Rocky Fork, and with his associates 
 brought about the building of the Rocky Fork & Cooke 
 City Railway, and the development of this great coal 
 field, with its unlimited supply of fuel. As an enter- 
 prise bearing upon the development of the state it 
 will doubtless rank among the most important achieve- 
 ments of the last three decades. i\Ir. Cooper was the 
 founder of the town of Red Lodge, which now has a 
 population of 4,860 people, Bridger with 514 inhabit- 
 ants, and Laurel, which has a population of 806. 
 Among other things, he has devoted some of his atten- 
 tion to mining, and was also instrumental in organizing 
 the Bozeman Milling Company, operating one of the 
 largest flouring mills in the state, of which firm he was 
 the first president and a heavy stockholder. He is 
 identified with several other enterprises of a public and 
 private nature. In politics a stanch Democrat, he has 
 taken a prominent part in the councils of his party 
 since the formation of Montana as a territory, and was 
 actively identified with the political affairs which agi- 
 tated the state in 1898 and 1900, conducting the pre- 
 liminary campaign which culminated in seating the 
 regular Democratic delegates at the Kansas City con- 
 vention, July 4, 1900. He also served as a member of 
 the notification committee from Montana which noti- 
 fied Mr. Bryan of his nomination in 1900. Later he 
 successfully conducted the preliminary contest by which 
 the regular Democratic party secured control of the 
 state convention, and was made its chairman. He was 
 elected by the state convention chairman of the State 
 Central committee, and conducted the great campaign 
 of 1900, which resulted in a complete victory for the 
 regular Democratic national and state tickets, and the 
 election of a large majority of the legislature, insuring 
 the election of two Democratic LInited States senators. 
 Mr. Cooper is a member of the Montana and Bozeman 
 Commercial Clubs, and is fraternally connected with 
 Gallatin Lodge No. 6. A. F. & A. M., of which he is 
 a past master. 
 
 On April 19, 1870, Mr. Cooper was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Mariam D. Skeels, only daughter of 
 Nelson Skeels, of Boulder Valley, Jefferson county, 
 Montana, the latter born at Columbus, Ohio, in 1822. 
 His father, Reuben Skeels, was born in the state of 
 New York, a son of Lanman Skeels, a Revolutionary 
 soldier who was born in New York in 1753 and died 
 near Colurt^us, Ohio, in 1804. The family has since 
 resided at Bozeman. Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have been 
 the parents of one son and two daughters, of whom 
 one survives, Mariam, the other two having died in 
 mtancy Mrs. Cooper has long been a prominent worker 
 m the Presbyterian church, was one of the founders of 
 the Bozeman Free Library, and served as alternate lady 
 manager at the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chi- 
 cago m 1893. 
 
 , A ViCKras is editor and general manager of 
 
 the l imes Publishing Company at Virginia City and he 
 
 u^u- with local journalism practically 
 
 all his life. The dissemination of news, the discussion 
 ot public questions and the promotion of the general 
 welfare of his community through the columns of the 
 Ivnes constitute life’s object with him as a private 
 citizen. He is strictly a self-made man, and as such 
 the success which crowns his efforts in a business way 
 is the more gratifying to contemplate. In addition to 
 his interest m the newspaper business he is the owner 
 
 -v- ranch of one hundred and thirty-three acres 
 in y ellowstone county. 
 
 Mr. Vickers rvas born in Virginia City, [Montana, the 
 date of his nativity being the 30th of January, 1870 
 and with the exception of seven years he has passed 
 Ms entire lifetime thus far in the place of his birth. 
 His father, Robert Vickers, is a native of England, 
 where he was born in 1830 and whence he immigrated 
 to the United States in the year 1854. In England he 
 was engaged along marine lines for eight years prior 
 to coming to America, visiting the principal ports of the 
 world, and_ after his arrival in this country he settled 
 m California, where he followed mining and mercantile 
 lines for the ensuing eight years at the expiration of 
 which he located in Austin, Nevada, remainincr there 
 1865, which date marks his advent in 
 Virginia City. Here he has resided continuously ever 
 since and it is interesting to note that he came to 
 this place on the stage that bore the sad news of 
 Lincoln s assassination to the citizens of the far west. 
 His interest in business has been along mercantile lines 
 active and capable citizen in spite 
 ot his venerable _ age of eighty-three years. He is 
 interested in politics as a Democrat and has served as 
 city alderman and as county assessor on different occa- 
 sions. ^ He is very prominent in the time-honored 
 Masonic order, in which he has passed through the 
 circle of the York Rite branch and in which he has 
 held many important official positions. His wife, whose 
 maiden name was Martha E. T. Borrell, was likewise 
 born in England, where her marriage to Mr. Vickers 
 was solemnized and whence they came to America 
 immediately after their wedding. She is still living 
 and has reached the_ age of sixl^-six years. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Vickers have nine children, concerning whom the 
 following brief data are here incorporated, — Robert 
 A. is the immediate subject of this review; Mary F. 
 is the wife of George E. Gohn and they live in Virginia 
 City ; Dean W. is married and resides in Weed, Cali- 
 fornia; Nellie E. is the wife of Luther V. Buford and 
 they are residents, of Long Beach, California; George 
 D. is married and lives in Virginia City; Bessie M. 
 rnarried Walter M. Brown and their home is at Search- 
 light, Nevada; Martha F. is the wife of Ben H. Stuten- 
 burg, of Seattle; Richard B. is married and resides in 
 Butte; and Ella R. is the wife of Paul L. Mitchell, of 
 Miles City, Montana. 
 
 To the public schools of Virginia City Robert A. 
 
1014 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Vickers is indebted for his preliminary educational 
 training, which discipline was later supplernented by a 
 course of study in the Valparaiso University;, at Val- 
 paraiso, Indiana. He earned his first money as a boy 
 of sixteen years of age, when he began to serve a three- 
 year apprenticeship at the printing trade in Virginia 
 City. With the money earned in- this way he paid his 
 ■way through college. In 1892 he went to Monroe, 
 Nebraska, where he ran a drug store, engaged m the 
 newspaper business and acted as postmaster for a short 
 period. In 1895 he returned to Virginia City and 
 ■entered the printing business. In the spring of 1896 
 he was appointed postmaster to fill out an unexpired 
 term and he served in that capacity until January i, 
 1898. He then turned again to the printing business 
 and in June, 1899, in company with Fred L. Gibson, 
 now a prominent attorney of Livingston, Montana, 
 he established the Alder Gulch Tunes. A coincidence 
 in this connection is the fact that this paper was started 
 in the building in which the first paper in Montana, the 
 Montana Post, was published. Two years later Mr. 
 Vickers bought out his partner and ran the paper alone 
 for the next two years, when he disposed of his plant 
 to the Times Publishing Company, of which prominent 
 concern he is now editor and general manager. Mr. 
 A. J. Bennett is president of the above company, which 
 publishes the Virginia City Times and also does a great 
 deal of jobbing work. 
 
 In Virginia City, February 26, 1891, Air. Vickers 
 was united in marriage to Miss Selma C. Nelson, a 
 daughter of John Nelson, of Alonroe, Nebraska.^ ^ Of 
 the nine children born to this union seven are living, 
 in 1912, namely; Robert A., Jr., who is running a 
 ranch for his father at Waco, Yellowstone county, 
 Montana; and Ellen I., J. LeRoy, Llewellyn N., S. 
 Edna, J. Russell and Dorris M., all of whom are 
 at the country home at Waco. Mr and Airs. Vickers 
 are devout communcants of the Protestant Episcopal 
 church, in which he is treasurer of the vestry com- 
 mittee, in 1912. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Vickers is a valued member of the 
 time-honored Masonic order, being a past master_ of 
 Virginia City Lodge No. i and past patron of Virginia 
 Chapter No. 9, Order of the Eastern Star. He is 
 likewise affiliated with the Woodmen 1 of the world, in 
 which he has passed all the official chairs ; .the Brother- 
 hood of American Yeomen, in which he is present cor- 
 respondent; and the Fraternal Order of Eagles, of 
 which he is a charter member. In politics he is an 
 ardent Republican and he has filled the offices of public 
 administrator and city alderman. He enjoys hunting 
 and fishing and is a great baseball fan. He is a highly 
 cultured gentleman and is a member of the local Dra- 
 matic Club. He says that Montana will soon rank 
 as one of the greatest agricultural states in the Union 
 and that her water power for the various great mdus- 
 tries is unlimited. He is an earnest and enthusiastic 
 citizen and one of whom any community would have 
 good reason to be proud. 
 
 Henry O. Worden. At this juncture in a volume 
 devoted to the careers of representative citizens of 
 Alontana it is a pleasure to Insert a brief history of 
 Henry O. Worden, who has ever been on the alert 
 to forward all measures and enterprises projected for 
 the good of the general welfare and who is a prom- 
 inent and influential citizen at Ravalli, where he man- 
 ages his brother’s mercantile establishment and fills the 
 office of assistant postmaster. 
 
 Henry O. Worden was born in the city of Missoula, 
 Montana, April 26, 1869, and he is a son of Frank L. 
 ■and Lucretia (Miller) Worden, the former of whom 
 was born and reared in Vermont. Mr. and Airs. 
 Worden came to Montana as pioneers and settled in 
 Missoula, where he followed the general merchandise 
 
 business during the greater part of his active career. 
 Mr. Worden was summoned to the life eternal in 
 1887, at the age of fifty-three years, and his cherished 
 and devoted wife, who still survives him, is a resident 
 of Missoula. Seven children were born to Mr. and 
 Mrs. Worden and concerning them the following brief 
 data are here incorporated ; Lucina is the wife of 
 Fred T. Sterling and resides in Missoula, as does 
 also Caroline, whose husband is United States sena- 
 tor, Joseph Al. Dixon; Frank L. is a prominent mer- 
 chant and rancher and makes his home at Missoula; 
 Louise M. is deceased; Horace B. is the owner and 
 operator of a fine ranch in the vicinity of Ravalli ; 
 Ruth remains at home with her mother ; and Henry O. 
 is the immediate subject of this review. 
 
 To the public schools of Missoula Henry O. Worden 
 is indebted for his early educational training, which 
 discipline he has since supplemented with extensive 
 reading and home study. He earned his first money at 
 the age of fifteen years, when he began to work in a 
 store as delivery boy, with a salary of ten dollars per 
 month. He has always been interested in the general 
 merchandise business and in 1911 came to Ravalli to 
 assume charge of his brother’s large mercantile es- 
 tablishment here. He is a business man of fair and 
 straightforward methods and is honored and esteemed 
 by all with whom he has dealings. In politics he is 
 aligned as a stalwart in the ranks of the Republican 
 party and while he does not participate actively in 
 public affairs he gives freely of his aid and influence 
 in support of all projects advanced for progress and 
 improvement. He was appointed assistant postmaster 
 at Ravalli and as the incumbent of that office is dis- 
 charging his duties with the utmost efficiency. Mr. 
 Worden says; “I was born and raised in Montana and 
 any one in my position knows there is no state in the 
 Union like it. It is substantially prosperous and pro- 
 gressive and its natural and numerous advantages 
 excel in every way.” Mr. Worden does not affiliate 
 with any fraternal organizations or clubs, preferring 
 to spend all his leisure time in his attractive home in 
 the company of jiis family and numerous friends. He 
 is a man of broad sympathy and innate kindliness of 
 spirit and is always ready to lend a helping hand to 
 those less fortunately situated in life than himself. 
 
 In Missoula, in February, 1895, was solemnized the 
 marriage of Mr. Worden to Miss Alary Jorden, who 
 was born and reared in Indiana but who came to 
 Montana. To this union has been born one child, — 
 Frank, who is a student in the high school at Missoula. 
 
 Hon. Ernest O. Selway. In the recent political 
 annals of Beaverhead county no_ name has figured in 
 a more prominent and praiseworthy manner than that 
 of Hon. Ernest O. Selway, state senator and former 
 state representative, now serving his seventh continuous 
 year in the state assembly. To him may be paid that 
 highest praise — that he is a typical westerner, inde- 
 pendent, democratic, able, clean ; his personality is 
 strong and fine and the people instinctively grant him 
 perfect confidence. The Hon. Mr. Selway, it must be 
 mentioned, has two passions ; for great as may be his 
 love for and knowledge of Republican principles, they 
 are equalled in degree by what he knows about sheep 
 raising in Montana. He is president of the Selway 
 Sheep Company, breeders of Hampshire and Cotswold 
 sheep, and in his company’s flocks are found the finest 
 blooded sheep in the west. As some one has said ; 
 “Sheep are his hobby. He knows the sheep business 
 from the bottom up. While, others are predicting that 
 the sheep business will soon be on the wane, Mr. Sel- 
 way takes an entirely opposite view of it, and know- 
 ing Air. Selway to be a far-sighted man when looking 
 into the future of such business and knowing that his 
 judgment during past years has not erred, we are con- 
 

 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1015 
 
 vinced that the sheep business is destined to grow in 
 , Beaverhead county.” 
 
 Mr. Selway is one of Beaverhead county's native sons, 
 
 :■ his life record having begun within its boundaries Oc- 
 tober 14, 1870. Here he has lived all his life and he 
 4' has acquired a deep love of its institutions. He re- 
 4: ceived his early education in the county public schools 
 : and then pursued a commercial course at Albion Col- 
 , lege, Albion, Michigan. At the age of sixteen he 
 ■ first became interested in the cattle and stock-raising 
 I business, and he has ever since been identified with it. 
 
 ' Mr. Selway is a most loyal disciple of the policies 
 and principles of the Republican party. He has al- 
 ways delighted in its honorable history and held its 
 articles of faith in high affection. Since first attain- 
 ing to his majority he has been actively interested in 
 politics and ever since casting his maiden vote he has 
 laeen a fighter in the ranks and taken an active part in 
 every campaign. He is a born politician, but happily 
 of the clean and honest type. He was first elected to 
 the legislature in 1904 and he served two terms as 
 such and immediately following he was elected to the 
 senate. He rvas re-elected upon the termination of his 
 first term and is now upon his seventh year in the 
 legislature. In the best possible manner he has repre- 
 sented the interests of his constituents and has been 
 effective in bringing about considerable wise legislation. 
 It is probable that even higher preferment lies before 
 him and he is fitted for big responsibilities and hon- 
 ors. He has a trio of affiliations, being a Mason, an 
 Elk and a member of the Beaverhead Club. 
 
 The subject's father, John R. Selway, was -born in 
 England and came to America when a boy. In 1866 he 
 arrived at Montana and located in Beaverhead county, 
 following stock business and ranching. He was one 
 of the county’s pioneers and of the staunch stock which 
 insured the future high standing of the section, morally 
 and materially. He was summoned to' the “Undis- 
 covered Country’’ at the age of sixty-five years. The 
 mother, Jane Selway, was born in Wales and came 
 across the Atlantic with her parents when a baby. She 
 met and married Mr. Selway in Wisconsin and it 
 was subsequent to that they came to iMontana. She 
 passed away in July, 1890, aged fifty-two, and she and 
 her cherished and devoted life companion are buried 
 side by side in Dillon. They became the parents of 
 eight children, six. being boys and two girls, and the 
 immediate subject of this brief biography is the fourth 
 in order of nativity. The two sisters are deceased ; 
 Charles resides in California ; Lloyd is married and 
 a citizen of Custer count}-, Montana ; Robert, married, 
 is established in Sheridan, Wyoming; Delos, married, 
 resides in Custer county ; and Richard, married, main- 
 tains his home at Albuquerque, New Mexico. 
 
 The Hon. Mr. Selway was married in Kansas City, 
 Missouri, December 30, 1897, his chosen lady being 
 Lillian M. Bulla. Thei^ are both popular and charm- 
 ing members -of society, held in confidence and esteem 
 by “all sorts and conditions of men.’’ 
 
 Dan Lia'alley. The various changes that have 
 marked the advance and development of iMontana from 
 an untamed wilderness to civilization and commercial 
 and industrial activity are vividly illustrated in the 
 career of Dan Levalley, one of the leading business 
 men of Miles City. Coming to this state more than 
 forty years ago as a hunter and trapper, he subse- 
 ‘ quently drifted into the cattle business, and when the 
 value of this section as a sheep growing locality was 
 demonstrated he cast his fortunes with the pioneers in 
 this line, and is now widely known in the sheep raising 
 industry. Mr. Levalley is an excellent type of the 
 . sturd}q industrious class of men who have brought the 
 state to its present prosperity. He was born on his 
 father’s farm, twenty miles from the city of Quebec, 
 in the Province of Quebec, Canada, January 15, 1849, 
 
 and is a son of John and Jennett (McCartney) Leval- 
 ley. 
 
 John Levalley was born on the Isle of Guernsey, in 
 the English Channel, in 1817, his parents, Daniel and 
 Mary Levalley, being of French birth. When he was 
 still a lad he was brought to America, and his educa- 
 tion was secured in the schools of the Province of 
 Quebec, where as a young man he was engaged in fish- 
 ing, often traveling up the coast as far north as Labra- 
 dor. In his later years he turned his attention to 
 agricultural pursuits, and his death occurred on the old 
 homestead, December 24, 1908. Mr. Levalley was a 
 home-loving man, rarely ventured beyond his own 
 estate, and never rode on a steam-boat, railroad train 
 or electric car in his life. His wife, who was born at 
 Ayreshire, Scotland, in 1822, lived to be seventy years 
 of age. Of their nine children, eight still survive, as 
 follows; Dan, John, Thomas, Jennett, James, David, 
 Benjamin and Ale.xander. 
 
 Like many_ farmers’ sons of his day and localit}-, Dan 
 Levalley divided his youth between the farm and the 
 district schools,_ attending ^ the latter until he was 
 eighteen 3'ears of age, at which time he left the parental 
 roof and went to Detroit, Michigan. Subsequently 
 he went to Alpena, Michigan, on Lake Huron, where 
 for three years he worked in the lumber camps, then 
 removing to Omaha, Nebraska, where he spent a short 
 time. From Omaha he went by rail to Salt Lake City, 
 Utah, and on IMay 3, 1870, le’ft the latter place with 
 a party of ten or twelve men, having a small mule team 
 to haul their goods, while the men traveled on foot. 
 About the last of IMay, 1870, this little party reached 
 Helena, Montana, and at that city Mr. Levalley secured 
 employment chopping wood for the United States gov- 
 ernment_ to supply Fort Shaw. After working on the 
 ■Missouri river for about six months, he joined several 
 others and went to Fort Benton, where a party of 
 about a dozen was organized, and during the next 
 six or seven years jMr. Levalley was engaged in hunt- 
 ing in the United States, British Columbia and the 
 Alberta country in Canada, and also carried on con- 
 siderable trading with the Indians. His next employ- 
 ment was carrying the mail for the Northwest Mounted 
 Police from Fort McCloud, Canada, to Fort Shaw, 
 Montana, but after about six months gave up his posi- 
 tion, came down the Yellowstone river, and assisted 
 in building Fort Custer, on the Bighorn river. When 
 the fort had been completed, Mr. Levalley continued 
 in the employ of the government for some time in hay 
 cutting, but later again turned his attention to hunting, 
 and became very successful in securing hides of buf- 
 faloes and wolves. In 1883 he invested his small capital 
 in a bunch of cattle and for a number of years ran his 
 stock on the range on Powder river, in Custer county, 
 but with the advent of the sheep herders he sold his 
 cattle and gave his attention entirely to the sheep 
 business in Dawson county, in which he is engaged at 
 the present time, owning three fine bands. Although 
 Mr. Levalley makes his home in Miles City, he still 
 superintends the running of his sheep and gives his 
 careful attention to every detail of his business. He 
 has interested himself in a number of business enter- 
 prises, andjis a director of the Commercial State Bank 
 of Miles City, _ in which he owns considerable stock. 
 Politically he is ^ independent, and takes but a good 
 citizen’s interest in public matters, his own enterprises 
 always having claimed too much of his attention for 
 him to enter the political arena. However, he is always 
 ready to assist in advancing movements for the better- 
 ment of his community, and can be r^ied upon to give 
 his influence to anything that promises to be for the 
 public welfare. 
 
 On December 5, 1891, Mr. Levalley was united in 
 marriage with Miss Amelia Pitcher, in Miles City, she 
 being a native of England, and a daughter of Robert 
 Pitcher. Three children have been born to this union: 
 
1016 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Mina, who died when two years old, John and Thomas. 
 They also have a step-daughter, Annie, who became 
 a member of the household when three or four yearsold. 
 
 Dr. Rudolph Horsky. The family of Horsky has 
 been prominent in Helena from 1865 until the present 
 time, the worthy lives of a father and three sons con- 
 tributing much to the advancement and growth of the 
 city in divers manners. Dr. Rudolph Horsky has been 
 busily engaged in the practice of his profession in 
 Helena since 1895, and has in the years that have 
 elapsed since that time made rapid strides in the es- 
 tablishing of himself in his work in Helena. His 
 ascent during the first few years of practice was in no 
 sense meteoric, but a gradual rise marked his endeav- 
 ors, and today his place is secure and his reputation 
 among the medical fraternity is one of considerable 
 satisfaction to the doctor. 
 
 Born November 27, 1870, in Helena, Montana, 
 Rudolph Horsky is the son of John and Louise (Sey- 
 kora) Horsky, both natives of Austria. The father 
 was born in that far off land on May 15, 1838. He 
 came to America in 1864, locating first in Virginia 
 City and later in Helena, in which city he has made his 
 home continuously since that time. The marriage oi 
 the young immigrants occurred in December, 1869, in 
 Iowa, and of their union three sons were born. Edward 
 the eldest, is at present the mayor of Helena and enjoys 
 an enviable reputation in that city ; Rudolph, a prac- 
 ticing physician of Helena and the subject of the re- 
 view; and John Jr., engaged in the drug business in 
 Helena. 
 
 Rudolph Horsky as a boy attended the grade a.nd 
 high schools of Helena, and following his graduation 
 from the latter school he was entered in the Iowa City 
 Academy preparatory to the State University of Iowa, 
 after which he returned to Montana and entered the 
 Wesleyan University at Helena, from which he was 
 graduated in due season. He then entered the Phila- 
 delphia school of pharmacy and took a preparatory 
 medical course between the years of 1891-92, followed 
 by a medical course in the University of Pennsylvania, 
 from which fine old institution he was graduated with 
 high honors in 1895. Immediately after his graduation 
 Dr. Horsky returned to his home in Helena, where he 
 began the active practice of the profession, in the prep- 
 aration for which he had spent so many years of close 
 and careful study. The advance of the doctor in the 
 first years of his practice was but gradual, and he ad- 
 mits that the first six months of his practice did not 
 bring him more than thirty dollars monthly. He was 
 able to bide his time, however, and after the first year 
 or two of up-hill work was over he has made large and 
 worthy advancement in his chosen profession, and is 
 ranked among the leading physicians of the state. He 
 maintains an elaborate suite of offices in the Horsky 
 block, and is the owner of an extensive and valuable 
 medical library. 
 
 Dr. Horsky is prominent in fraternal circles, being 
 a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
 the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the 
 Sons of Hermann. He is a member of the Montana 
 Club, and is an enthusiastic sportsman. Automobiling 
 is one of his favorite , diversions. He is affiliated with 
 the Republican party and casts his vote in the inter- 
 ests of that party, but further than that he does not go 
 in political matters. He is a member of the County 
 State American and National Medical Associations, in 
 the line of his profession, and is actively interested in 
 the movements of all these societies. 
 
 On October 5, 4898, Dr. Horsky was united in mar- 
 riage with Annie E. Brooke, the daughter of Dr. Ben- 
 jamin C. Brooke. One child has blessed their union, 
 Brooke R., born August 6, 1899, at Helena. 
 
 Ira T. Wight, attorney-at-law, was born in Grand 
 Rapids, Michigan, April 21, 1879. After completing 
 
 the usual public school education he attended the law 
 department of the Lake Forest University at Chicago, 
 and was graduated from that institution in 1901. In 
 1902 he began the active practice of his profession with 
 the law firm of Toole & Bach, of Helena, Montana. 
 Upon the death of Mr. E. W. Toole, Mr. Wight became 
 the partner of Judge Thomas C. Bach, which relation 
 continued until the elevation of the latter to the bench. 
 Mr. Wight entered into partnership with Mr. Charles 
 E. Pew in 1907, under the firm name of Wight & Pew. 
 
 Mr. Wight is the son of Henry T. Wight, who was 
 born in Michigan, in 1850. He is now retired from 
 active busines life and with his wife resides in Chicago. 
 In Michigan he wedded Miss Amanda Scofield, a native 
 of Vermont, in which state she was born in 1850. To 
 their union were born five children, of whom Ira T. 
 Wight, our subject, is the eldest. The others are Mrs. 
 C. T. Christensen, Mrs. Ella Borst, Mrs. E. M. Cheney, 
 and H. L. Wight, all of Chicago. 
 
 On May 6, 1903, at Helena, Montana, Ira T Wight 
 was united in marriage to MisS Marjorie Tipton, a 
 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Tipton, of White Sul- 
 phur Springs, Montana. Mr. and Mrs. Wight have 
 three children, as follows : Craig T. Wight, born in 
 Helena, February 29, 1904; Edward Scofield Wight, 
 born at Helena March 12, 1906; and Doris Wight, 
 born in the same city on October 21, 1907. 
 
 Mr. Wight is a member of the Montana Club, the 
 Lambs Club and the Helena Athletic Association and 
 in politics is a Democrat. 
 
 William P. Gwin. Among the men still living 
 who bore conspicuous parts in the eventful pioneer era 
 of Montana’s history, perhaps none is better known and 
 more highly honored by his community and state than 
 William P. Gwin, of Anaconda. Nearly eighty years 
 of age, and remarkably well preserved, Mr. Gwin is 
 one of the grand old men of Montana. He stood side 
 by side with other of the notable and historic per- 
 sonalities of the state. His own activities had a wide 
 range, and the generous success that rewarded his ef- 
 forts and judgment was never tainted by a single dis- 
 honorable act. Those who know him well and those 
 who have had only occasional business or personal rela- 
 tions with him would unite in voicing a tribute of re- 
 spect and esteem for him such as any man might regard 
 as the finest element of success. 
 
 William P. Gwin was born on a farm back in New 
 York state, on December 14, 1832. His early life was 
 spent among conditions far removed from those of the 
 modern age, and he has really been on the line of 
 frontier advance most of his career. As there were no 
 public schools in the neighborhood, in fact none in 
 New York state at that time, he was educated in a 
 private school and in a Brothers school. Work on a 
 farm at about twenty-five cents a day gave him his 
 first earnings. Then as he became older he found em- 
 ployment on that great thoroughfare of those days, 
 the Erie Canal, working on the boats in various capac- 
 ities, and running from Buffalo to the Hudson river, 
 and to New York city. In this way he continued until 
 he was twenty-five years old, and by training and ex- 
 perience was ready for the career that awaited him 
 in the west. He early learned to be careful in busi- 
 ness ventures, and to see clear to the end of every 
 move. To this has been due his success in material 
 affairs. 
 
 Mr. Gwin’s parents were both natives of Ireland. 
 His father, Michael J. Gwin, brought his wife to 
 America in 1831, settling in New York state, where he 
 was engaged in different occupations during the rest 
 of his life. He died in 1866, while the wife and 
 mother passed away in 1835, and they are buried side 
 by side in New York state. There were only two 
 children, and William is the older. Catharine married 
 Christopher Johnson. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1017 
 
 In 1857 William P. Gwin embarked on a steamer 
 at New York City and made the long journey around 
 the continent to California. He was a resident and 
 particioant in the golden activities of that state until 
 1865, engaged in mining chiefly, and was a member 
 of the famous Eureka Mining Company in Placer 
 county. 
 
 On the 4th of August, 1865, after an overland jour- 
 ney, Mr. Gwin arrived in Virginia City, which was his 
 first introduction to the pioneer region that has since 
 blossomed into the Treasure state. With Virginia City 
 as his headquarters, during the next few months he 
 took part in every stampede to the different discoveries 
 or reported finds. Later he went to Colorado, where 
 he mined and was also in the government service, in 
 the quartermaster"s department. In 1870 occurred his 
 return to Montana, but the Corte country rnines where 
 he located, proved a failure, and he left with most of 
 the other inhabitants of that region. In South Dakota 
 he again entered the government quartermaster s de- 
 partment, at Fort Laramie and was also a sub-con- 
 tractor for supplying wood and hay to the army posts. 
 This was a period of active hostility from the Indians, 
 and Mr. Gwin and his associates had many unpleasant 
 e.xperiences. 
 
 After a visit to his old home in New York he came 
 out to Omaha, and as merchant and trader followed 
 alortg the route of the Union Pacific Railroad, opening 
 an establishment in each new town. Finally at Corinne, 
 Utah, he abandoned merchandising and went to the 
 mines of that territory: While at Ophir. Utah, he served 
 as deputy sheriff seven years, finally resigning the posi- 
 tion. Then, in March, 1877, at the solicitation of the 
 late Marcus Daly, with whom he enjoyed a warm 
 friendship, he located in Butte, and has been a per- 
 manent resident of this state ever since. In all these 
 years he has been engaged in mining, ranching, real 
 estate dealings, merchandising, etc. ^ He now gives 
 only casual attention to business and is leading a quiet 
 life retired from the strenuous activities of former 
 days. 
 
 During the historic Dalv and Clark political fight, 
 Mr. Gwin as a Democrat took an active part in poli- 
 tics, but now for some years has interested himself 
 as a good citizen will in local and general public 
 affairs. He and the late Colonel Sanders were personal 
 friends, though of opposing political faith. During 
 campaigns they fought each other unsparingly, but 
 when each contest was decided thej’ shook hands and 
 either one would go to a great deal of trouble in order 
 to favor the other. In religion IMr, Gwin is a Cath- 
 olic. During his residence in Butte he was a member 
 of the Silver Bow Club. 
 
 As a venerable citizen who has been identified with 
 Montana from the days when it was an unorganized 
 territory, Mr. Gwin has a fond affection for the state. 
 He says ; “I love Montana for many reasons, mainly 
 because it is my home. I love its exhilarating atmos- 
 phere; its miles and miles of beautiful valleys, its 
 hills and mountains so grand and picturesque, its fabu- 
 lous mines of precious metals, and above all the sincere 
 brotherhood between man and man. To my mind Mon- 
 tana’s future will be greater than its past." 
 
 Many men have cause for practical gratitude to the 
 sturdy character and liberality of Mr. Gwin,' who has 
 furnished to them the means of financial recuperation 
 when they most needed it. Loyalty to friends, a splen- 
 did integrity in every transaction, and high ideals of 
 duty and action, have gained for him a peculiar place 
 in the affection of the people, and when they familiarly 
 speak of “Billy” Gwin it is with a sincere regard that 
 is more eloquent than official dignities and honors. 
 Mr. Gwin is unmarried and resides at 316 W. Park 
 avenue in Anaconda, at the home of his niece, Cath- 
 arine. who is Mrs. Leo La Salle, and a daughter of 
 Christopher Johnson. 
 
 John E. Forrest. ' There are comparatively few 
 families of the west whose history in this part of the 
 country deals with three- continuous generations. That 
 of John E. Forrest, Butte's well-known groceryman. -is 
 one of those few. Mr. Forrest’s grandparents of that 
 name were among the ’qgers who made that long, 
 tedious trip across the plains to California by team. 
 The party met with misfortune on the way, however, 
 and the grandfather died en route to the Golden 
 state. The mother of the family thus left fatherless 
 did not remain long in California, however, and soon 
 removed to Deer Lodge county, Montana, she be- 
 coming one of the earliest settlers there. She later 
 married a Mr. Stone, also an did Deer Lodge set- 
 tler, and a ranchman of large property. They lived 
 happily together for many years, their home being 
 located on the site which is now the town of Melrose, 
 where Mrs. Stone died. Mr. Stone resides in the 
 state of Arkansas. 
 
 William Forrest was one of the members of the 
 family that made the California trip from Illinois, in 
 which state, near Woodstock, he was born October ti, 
 1841. In 1867 he went to Montana as a prospector 
 seeking gold, following on his trip the Missouri river 
 to Fort Benton, thenqe overland to Deer Lodge county. 
 His mining operations' were not highly successful and 
 in 1S70 he started out- as proprietor of a stage sta- 
 tion, thus becoming one of the pioneer men of Alon- 
 tana in that line. He also conducted a hotel at the 
 home station which was located in Deer Lodge county 
 and known as Forrest station. Mr. Forrest conducted 
 the station until 1878, three years before the advent 
 of the railroads to that section of the state, and then 
 engaged in ranching and stock raising. This ranch, 
 comprising four hundred and fifty acres of land, is 
 located in township i, range 9, Silver Bow county, 
 and Mr. Forrest, who still resides there with_ his 
 wife, is accounted one of the leading stock-raisers 
 of this state. Assisting him in the operation of the 
 ranch are his daughter, Mary A., and her husband, 
 Getford Lindlief. The mother, who. was in maiden- 
 hood Mary Deno, is a native of Canada, born in Au- 
 gust, 1843, and was taken by her parents to Illinois 
 when she was a child of two years of age. 
 
 John E. Forrest was born at German Gulch, Mon- 
 tana, May 31, 1870, of Scotch and French Canadian 
 ancestry, a son of William and Mary (Deno) For- 
 rest, an outline of whose lives has just been sketched. 
 He was a member of a family of three children. His 
 older brother, Henry, died in 1879. He attended the 
 country school near his home until sixteen years old 
 then continued to assist in the conduct of the ranch 
 of his father until his marriage, July 21, 1891, to 
 Miss Mary J. McMurrin, daughter of Robert Mc- 
 IMurrin, a native of Sheffield, England, but of Scotch 
 descent, her parents being natives of Glasgow, Scot- 
 land. Mr. and Mrs. Forrest have one daughter, Mary 
 Louise, born at Divide, November ii. 1893, and at 
 present a popular student at the Butte high school. 
 
 After his marriage Mr. Forrest settled with his wife 
 at Anaconda and for nine years held a responsible 
 position with the Anaconda Copper Smelting Com- 
 pany in that city. In 1903, however, he decided to 
 make a change of location and employment, and re- 
 signed his Anaconda connection and went to Butte. 
 The first year and a half that he resided in this city 
 Mr. Forrest was connected with the International Com- 
 mercial Company. He was seeking for an opportunity 
 to establish himself in business for himself, however, 
 and soon succeeded in purchasing a half interest in 
 what was then the Rhodes Grocery Company, but 
 since his admittance to the firm it has been known as 
 Forrest & Hauswirth. The firm is dealers in gro- 
 ceries, produce, etc., and the business which is con- 
 ducted under the executive management of Mr. For- 
 rest is one of the most healthy and prosperous of its 
 
1018 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 kind in the city. The firm carries a large, well as- 
 sorted stock of the best grade of goods and enjoys 
 the patronage of many of the leading citizens here. 
 The store is located at 715 Utah street. 
 
 Mr. Forrest is a man of many-sided interests and 
 takes part in the numerous activities that go to make 
 up the life of an up-to-date city of the first class. Re- 
 ligious, social and civic matters all receive their share 
 of attention and contribute toward making him the 
 broad-minded, progressive citizen he is. He is an in- 
 fluential member of Grace Methodist church, of which 
 he is a trustee, and is a generous contributor to the 
 support of that institution, as well as many charitable 
 and benevolent causes that are presented to his at- 
 tention. His lodge connections are numerous and in- 
 clude the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of which 
 he is past grand master; the Woodmen of the World, 
 in the council of which he has served as commander 
 for two terms; also the Alodern Woodmen of America. 
 He belongs to the society of Sons and Daughters of 
 Montana Pioneers, and is accounted one of the valued 
 members of the executive committee of the Butte 
 ^Merchants Association, ready to give his support to 
 all measures that have for their object the promotion 
 of the commercial prestige and influence of this city 
 and state. He is a man of unimpeachable personal 
 integrity and enjoys the confidence and esteem of a 
 wide circle of friends and accptaintances throughout 
 this section of the state. 
 
 Albert B. Knight. As the years relentlessly mark 
 the milestones on the pathway of time, the older gen- 
 eration slowly gives way to the new and gradually 
 there passes from our midst the men who made our 
 country what it is and who built up this western 
 empire for the men of now. In every generation and 
 in every community some few men leave an indelible 
 imprint upon the history of that community and upon 
 the memories of those who have known them by their 
 ability to fight and win even against great odds, and 
 by that kind of character which wins lasting friends 
 because of that innate quality which people know as 
 loyalty. Albert B. Knight, who passed into the great 
 beyond on the 26th of September, 1904, was one of 
 those. Mr. Knight came to Montana, in 1870, and was 
 identified with mining and other interests in this state 
 from that time until his demise. He was a man of 
 broad and noble ideals and he never neglected an 
 opportunity to advance the general welfare of Butte 
 and Montana at large. 
 
 A native of the fine old Empire state of the Union, 
 Albert B. Knight was born at Livingstone, New York, 
 on the 23d of February, 1844. His father was identified 
 with agricultural pursuits during the greater part of 
 his active career and he died in the state of Michigan. 
 Mr. Knight, of this notice, received his elementary 
 educational training in the public schools of his native 
 place and later at Utica, Michigan, and subsequently 
 he was matriculated as a student in the celebrated 
 University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, from which 
 institution he was graduated. Just after Mr. Knight 
 had initiated his college career the national horizon 
 was darkened with clouds of Civil war and on the 31st 
 of August, i86i, while visiting a brother in Indiana, he 
 enlisted as drummer boy, being under age, in Company 
 E, Eleventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry, under com- 
 mand of Gen. Lew Wallace. Fie served throughout the 
 entire period of the war, participating in a number of 
 representative engagements and being severely wounded 
 on a couple occasions. He was mustered out of serv- 
 ice on the 7th of August, 1865, being then but a little 
 over twenty-one years of age. After the close of hos- 
 tilities he returned to college and completed his univers- 
 ity course, as above noted. From the time of his grad- 
 uation until 1870 Mr. Knight was variously engaged and 
 in that year he came west to Montana, locating first in 
 
 Virginia City, where he established the first signal sta- 
 tion in Montana, and also engaged at civil and mining 
 engineering. He came to that place overland from Salt 
 Lake City, the terminus of the railroads in those early 
 days. After a time in Virginia City he located at Butte 
 for a short time, later returning to Virginia City and 
 again removing to Butte in 1885 which city was his 
 home until his death. He followed civil and mining en- 
 gineering in Butte and vicinity. Was very competent 
 and widely known. For one year, until failing health 
 caused him to resign, he was a professor in the School 
 of Mines. In politics Mr. Knight was aligned as a 
 stalwart supporter of the principles and policies for 
 which the Republican party stands sponsor and while 
 he was never incumbent of any public offices he was 
 ever on the alert and enthusiastically in sympathy with 
 all measures projected for the good of the general wel- 
 fare. In a fraternal way he was affiliated with the 
 Free & Accepted Masons, and he was also a valued 
 and appreciative member of the local lodge of the 
 Woodmen of the World. 
 
 At Butte, in December, 1881, Mr. Knight was united 
 in rnarriage to Miss Maria P. Purmort, a descendant 
 of fine old French-Huguenot ancestry. The original 
 progenitor of the Purmort family in America came to 
 this country about the year 1630. Mrs. Knight is a 
 daughter of Nathaniel and Pamelia (Harwood) Pur- 
 mort, the latter of whom was born in Vermont, in 1807, 
 and the former of whom was a native of New Hamp- 
 shire where his birth occurred in 1709. There were 
 no children born to Mr. and Mrs. Knight. Mrs. Knight 
 is a woman of most gracious personality and rare in- 
 tellectual attainments. About the year 1907 she took 
 up the practice as attorney before the general land of- 
 fice. She has been successful and has made considerable 
 money in her profession as an attorney. Mrs. Knight 
 is a devout member of the Baptist church. 
 
 Hon. Llewellyn L. Callaway. Even as his father. 
 Col. James E. Callaway, is regarded with pride by 
 the states he so nobly served, so does Montana value 
 the character and service of that distinguished son of 
 her adoption, Llewellyn L. Callaway. His legal talent, 
 his administrative ability and his judicial acumen have 
 here been demonstrated, and his growing and broaden- 
 ing importance as a statesman is here anticipated. To 
 speak of his immediate progenitors at length is per- 
 haps needless, in view of the distinction of Colonel 
 Callaway and his noble Kentucky ancestors. 
 
 While the Colonel and his wife. Mary (Link) Calla- 
 way, were living in Tuscola, Illinois, the scene of 
 James Edmund Callaway’s earliest successes as a law- 
 yer, the son was born who was named Llewellyn L. 
 The date of his birth was December 15, 1868, and he 
 was but a babe of two years when his parents removed 
 to Montana, which has ever since been his home. 
 His earlv education was that obtained from the public 
 schools of Virginia City, and was succeeded by two 
 years of study in private schools. In spite of his in- 
 tellectual interests at this and later periods, it is never- 
 theless not to be thought that Llewellyn Callaway lived 
 the life of books alone. Every phase of practical life 
 has ever held attractions for him. At the early age 
 of nine he began riding the range for his father during 
 the spring and summer months, and by the time he 
 was eleven years old he took in all the round-ups. 
 
 At the age of sixteen Llewellyn Callaway entered 
 the Hamilton Preparatory School in Philadelphia and 
 two years later was graduated from that Institution. 
 The following autumn, that of 1886, he became a student 
 in the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. His 
 freshman year here was followed by a period of ranch- 
 ing on his father's land, that he might be financially 
 independent in pursuing his professional course. Re- 
 turning to the University, he became a law student, 
 and from that famous school he received his degree in 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1019 
 
 the year 1891, being honored at the time with the highest 
 recommendation of the legal faculty. In May of that 
 year he was admitted to practice in the superior and 
 supreme courts of the state of Michigan, receiving 
 similar admission in the state which became his home 
 a few months later. 
 
 In August, 1891, Mr. Callaway began his legal career 
 in White Sulphur Springs, Montana. He began work 
 as an assistant of Mr. Ma.x Waterman, and three 
 months later became his partner. In 1894, when he 
 visited his former home at Virginia City, Mr. Callaway 
 was there requested to become a nominee for the office 
 of county attorney. He accepted, but returned to 
 White Sulphur Springs to continue his professional 
 work at that time. He presently received the nomi- 
 nation, after which he went again to Virginia City, 
 where he conducted a six weeks’ campaign for the 
 Madison county office. He was elected by a majority 
 of four hundred and twelve out of seventeen hundred 
 and ninety-one votes. Entering upon the duties of 
 that office, he again located in Virginia City as a per- 
 manent resident. He was re-elected to the office of 
 countv attorney in 1896, by a majority of one hundred 
 and fifty-four votes over the combined fusion forces. 
 This office was one carrying with it heavy responsibil- 
 ity and requiring penetration and force. Of the many 
 important cases in criminal litigation, despite their 
 difficult nature, Mr. Callaway failed but four times to 
 convict during the combined years of his two terms 
 in office. 
 
 In 1900 a new honor came to him in his election to 
 the office of mayor of Virginia City. A second time 
 and yet a third was he asked to assume this respons- 
 ibility, and during his incumbency of this office his 
 administrations met with the most exceptional ap- 
 proval, for his comprehension of the general municipal 
 needs, clear and inclusive as it was, never prevented 
 his appreciation of individual situations. 
 
 Again was a high tribute paid to Mr. Callaway's 
 ability when in March, 1903, the supreme court of 
 Montana, pursuant to an act of the legislature, ap- 
 pointed Mr. Callaway, together with Judge John B. 
 Clayberg and Judge W. H. Poorman, as supreme court 
 commissioners. They served with the court for two 
 years, performing the same service as justices. In 
 1904 Mr. Callaway was elected district judge, and at a 
 judicial convention, composed of the delegates from 
 the_ three counties comprising his district, Madison, 
 Jefferson and Beaverhead, he was re-nominated for 
 the office of district judge by acclamation. After that, 
 over his own protest, he was nominated by acclamation 
 for the office of associate justice of the supreme court 
 by the state convention. While he made a strong race, 
 being one of the leaders upon his ticket, the entire 
 Republican state ticket was defeated. He however, 
 received more votes than any one else on the Republi- 
 can ticket. At the expiration of his term of office he 
 resumed the practice of law. 
 
 Judge Callaway’s ability is such as to make inevi- 
 table the extension of his service into a field as wide 
 as the state; even now its probable transcending of 
 those limits is discussed among those who have skill 
 in reading a political horoscope. In tgoS Governor 
 Norris appointed him in conjunction with Rudolph 
 Van Tobel and David Hilger the Montana Conservation 
 Commission, and in this capacity he played an impor- 
 tant part in the preparation of the conservation laws 
 of this state. A further legal service to this com- 
 monwealth has been rendered bv Judge Callaway in 
 his formulating, with E. B. Howell of Butte, of the 
 present mining laws of Montana. He has furthermore 
 presented to the legislature various bills, many of which 
 are now incorporated in the laws of Montana. A high 
 value is set upon the Judge's legal opinions and his 
 decisions in typical cases. Since he has held the office 
 of district judge he has been twice called upon to sit 
 
 in the supreme court of the state as justice pro tempore. 
 A number of his opinions have been reprinted and 
 annotated as selected cases, because of his superior 
 judicial estimate in regard to each. Opinions of his 
 are to be found in Volumes 28 to 31, inclusive, of the 
 supreme court reports of the state of Montana. 
 
 The judge’s political affiliations have always been 
 emphatically those of the Republican party, and yet it 
 must be said that to bound his economic ideal by 
 party lines would be doing injustice to the breadth of 
 his political understanding and his judicial perception. 
 Partisan he is, but withal of a political status much 
 larger than that of any faction, however rational and 
 powerful. 
 
 At that period of his life when his legal career was 
 beginning to be merged into that of his public service, 
 Llewellyn Callaway’s home was established. At White 
 Sulphur Springs, on December 12, 1894, he married 
 Miss 'Ellen N. Badger, the daughter of Baker W. and 
 Frances L. (Woodson) Badger, of that place. The 
 children of the judge and his wife are a quartette of 
 two sons and two daughters, — Aliriam, James E., 
 Frances L. and Llewellyn L., Jr., the three eldest of 
 whom are now in school. 
 
 In fraternal societies Judge Callaway holds rank of 
 e.xceptional dignity. In the Masonic series he is a 
 member of the blue lodge, the Royal Arch Masons, 
 the Knights Templar, and the Mystic Shrine, and he 
 is at present chairman of the committee on jurispru- 
 dence in the Grand Lodge, a post which he has held 
 since 1905. He was grand master in 1904-05. and is 
 present grand scribe of the Grand Chapter of the R. 
 A. M. He is also grand standard bearer of the Grand 
 Commandery of Montana. In the order of the Eastern 
 Star he is past grand patron. The Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks claims him as past exalted 
 ruler, and he was in 1893 the president of the state 
 association of that order. 
 
 It is not too much to say that in every capacity in 
 which Judge Callaway has met the public he has re- 
 flected high honor upon his distinguished family, his 
 home locality and his state. In view of his brilliant 
 successes, past, present and in anticipation of those 
 yet to come, it is quite within reason to look to see 
 him take a much higher place than he has yet achieved. 
 
 Robert E. Gruwell. Business enterprise has marked 
 the career of Robert E. Gruwell, a representative busi- 
 ness man of Billings, Montana, ever since his school 
 days ended, and he is an important factor in the gieat 
 livestock industry of this section, his name being as 
 well known in the eastern markets as it is on the 
 western ranges. He is a native of Montana, born in 
 Deerlodge county. December 28, 1870, and is a son 
 of Oscar C. and Sarah Jane (Bohannon) Gruwell, and 
 a grandson of Robert and Melissa (Davis) Gruwell. 
 
 In tracing the history of many families, very little 
 can be found differing in great degree from that of 
 thousands of others, but this can scarcely be sail of 
 the Gruwell family. The men of this name have never 
 been commonplace; on the other hand, they have been 
 unusuallv energetic, enterprising and courageous. The 
 .grandfather, Robert Gruwell. who once owned a farm 
 on which a part of the city of Quincy, Illinois, now 
 stands, disposed of it for what he considered a satis- 
 factory compensation, and moved to Iowa. In 1849, 
 with his family and neighbors, he started for California, 
 and after reaching Salt Lake. Utah, continued to Los 
 Angeles over what was known as the southern route, 
 his train of sixty wagons being the first to cover this 
 trail, having made the whole distance between April 22 
 and December 22, 1849. In California he spent the 
 remainder of his life, following farming, mining and 
 stock raising, in 1861 acquiring an excellent farm near 
 San Jose. Both he and his wife were Ohio people. 
 
1020 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 solid, thrifty and resourceful, and their children inher- 
 ited many of their best traits. 
 
 C. Oscar Gruwell, son of Robert and the father of 
 Robert E. Gruwell, is well known to the people of 
 Montana, both for his years of useful public service and 
 for his business activities in different sections. He 
 now lives retired at Billings, one of the city's most sub- 
 stantial citizens. He was born on December i8, 1837, 
 in Lee county, Iowa, accompanied his parents to Cali- 
 fornia and was educated at Santa Clara College. In 
 those days adventure .awaited almost every young man 
 who endeavored to establish himself in business in the 
 territories west of the Mississippi river and Mr. Gru- 
 well had many exciting experiences. After reaching 
 Helena, Montana, in July, 1865, in prospecting he dis- 
 covered and opened a mine, and by its sale was assisted 
 to a transportation business between Helena and Fort 
 Benton. In the following year he conducted a stable 
 at Fort Benton and afterward entered the employ of Car- 
 roll & Steel, of the Diamond R. Freighting Company. 
 He remained with this company as wagon boss, haul- 
 ing government supplies from Camp Cook to Sun River 
 Crossing until January, 1867, when he went to the Sal- 
 mon River, Idaho, mining fields, and from there 
 returned to Montana, locating in Deerlodge county. 
 Between 1867 and 1870 he was variously engaged, oper- 
 ating hotels, cutting hay for the government at Fort 
 Benton and conducting stables and also dairies. In the 
 fall of the latter year he bought a ranch of si.x hundred 
 and forty acres, on Flint creek, on which he carried on 
 farming and stock raising until 1883, when he sold it, 
 afterward driving his sheep and cattle to the Big Horn 
 Basin, in Wyoming, where he remained for one year, 
 and then bought a ranch in Custer county. Two years 
 later he sold this property, at the same time purchas- 
 in.g land near Junction City, on which he continued to 
 raise stock until 1893, when he secured a tenant “and 
 took up his residence in the city of Billings. Here he 
 has been a very useful, public-spirited and active citi- 
 zen. In 1901 he erected the Gruwell business block, 
 one of the best at that time in the city. 
 
 As a public man and a leader in the Democratic 
 party he has gained considerable distinction. He served 
 for four years with the greatest efficiency as commis- 
 sioner for Yellowstone county, and in 1898 was elected 
 state senator and served through two terms. His ster- 
 ling honesty and his determination to live up to his 
 convictions and give his support only to those measures 
 which he deemed beneficial to his constituents, made 
 Senator Gruwell valuable as a statesman. 
 
 On October 7, 1867, Senator Gruwell was married to 
 Sarah Jane Bohanon, at Leesburg, Idaho, and seven 
 children were born to them, namely: Frances, who was 
 born in July, 1868, was the second white child born at 
 Fort Benton, and is now the wife of Charles Spear of 
 Billings, Montana; Nettie, who died at Butte, in Feb- 
 ruarv, 1900, was the wife of Dr. Johnson ; Robert E., 
 of this review ; Oscar, who died at Billings, in his 
 nineteenth year; Dora, who died in May, 1906, was the 
 wife of Arthur Blair, of Butte; Maude, who is the wife 
 of a Mr. Ferris ; and Warren, who is in the stock busi- 
 ness in Oneida county, Idaho. 
 
 Robert E. Gruwell was given excellent educational 
 advantages, including attendance at Montana College 
 and a course at the Helena Business College, and was 
 then associated until 1897 with his father in the live- 
 stock business in Yellowstone county. He then turned 
 his attention to merchandising, purchasing Paul McCor- 
 mick’s general store at Junction City, Yellowstone 
 county, and continued for about three years under the 
 firm style of Spear & Gruwell, and after disposing of 
 his interest visited Alaska, on a prospecting tour. He 
 remained in the far north for a year and then returned 
 to Montana, taking up his residence at Billings. He 
 resumed his former stock activities, and ever since has 
 
 been extensively engaged in buying and selling cattle, 
 sheep and horses. 
 
 On October 22, 1900, Mr. Gruwell was married to 
 Miss Helen Orrick, and they have four children : Oscar 
 Orrick, Margaret, Marian and Roberta. Mr. Gruwell is 
 a member of Billings Lodge No. 394, Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 : Henry F. Wellhouser. The great big historical 
 story of how the continent has been cleared is an epic 
 too boundless for one generation to absorb, but the 
 separate tales of individual heroism, of achievement, of 
 adventure and of unending struggle possess a- value 
 that can not be overestimated. Thus it is singularly 
 appropriate that the biographies of Montana’s leading 
 citizens should contain the records of the pioneers, 
 those who furnished here the real foundations on 
 which were built the great structure of statehood, the 
 men who made possible the work that has been prose- 
 cuted by the succeeding generations. Prominent in this 
 class may be mentioned Llenry F. Wellhouser, citizen 
 and patriot, who after completing a valiant service in 
 the Civil war came to the west as an Indian fighter, 
 and remained to engage in and assist to develop the 
 great industry of stock raising, and who is now living 
 retired in Cascade. Mr. Wellhouser was born at 
 Newark, New Jersey, February 15, 1847, and is a son 
 of William and Mary (Roemer) Wellhouser. William 
 Wellhouser was born at Hessen Kassel, Germany; and 
 during the early forties came to the United States, 
 settling in Newark, where he followed the trade of 
 carpenter until his death, March 4, 1847. His wife, a 
 native of Schwartzburg, Germany, died in 1851. 
 
 Left an orphan when only four years old, Mr. Well- 
 houser was reared in the Newark Orphan Home until 
 fourteen years of age, at which time he was bound out 
 to a farmer, with whom he remained until January, 
 1864. At that time he enlisted in Company F, Fifth 
 Regiment, New York Heavy Artillery, with which he 
 served for seventeen months under General Sheridan. 
 He participated in the battle of Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, 
 in 1864, Maryland Heights, July 4th, 5th and 6th of that 
 year; Opyuam Creek, Winchester, September 19th, Fish- 
 er’s Hill, September 22d, and Cedar Creek, October 13th, 
 where he was taken prisoner, and continued to be de- 
 tained in Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia, until Febru- 
 ary 15, 1865. When released he was so emaciated from 
 lack of proper food and care, and so weak in body from 
 ill treatment, that he had to spend two months in the 
 hospital before he had recuperated sufficiently to rejoin 
 his regiment. Lie was discharged June 10, 1865, at 
 Fort Stone, and on July 10 following was mustered out 
 of the service at Harper’s Ferry. The greater part of 
 Mr. Wellhouser’s service was in the service in the 
 Shenandoah valley, in the campaign against Early, 
 and he proved a faithful, willing and gallant soldier. 
 When he had completed his three inonths’ service he 
 learned the plumber’s trade, but received only five dol- 
 lars a week for his work, and decided to apply himself 
 to something that promised greater remuneration. On 
 August I, 1866, he again entered the service of his 
 country, enlisting in the Thirteenth Regiment, Regular- 
 United States Infantry, with which organization he came 
 to regimental headquarters at Fort Shaw, Montana. 
 He continued in the service three years, during^ which 
 time, on January 22, 1870. he had a brush with the 
 Blackfoot Indians in which 180 of the hostiles were 
 killed, while the soldiers lost only one man in four 
 companies. Mr. Wellhouser received his honorable dis- 
 charge March 18, 1870, and at that time took em- 
 ployment'on the ranch of a Mr. Ford until December, 
 when he removed to the Missouri river with two army 
 comrades, locating near the town of Cascade. Engag- 
 ing in the timber business, he worked in the woods un- 
 til the following spring, and then returned to ranch- 
 ing and worked for Nimrod Ford during the summer. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1021 
 
 Subsequently he went to Helena, and there was en- 
 gaged in the manufacture of charcoal used in black- 
 smithing, and for a long period continued to work in 
 and about Helena. In 1874 he left for the east, and until 
 the spring of 1877 remained in New Jersey, then re- 
 turning to Sun river, where he worked for Nimrod 
 Ford in 1877, 1878 and 1879, and in the latter year 
 took up a ranch in that locality, purchased dairy stock, 
 and engaged in the dairy business on his own account. 
 During the fall of 1881 he returned to New Jersey, 
 where he was married, and on March 29, 1882, brought 
 his wife back to Montana with him, and continued 
 the dairy and stock business until March, 1886. Sell- 
 ing out this property, he then moved to Antelope Creek, 
 three miles west of Cascade, taking up land on pre- 
 emption and residing there until February i, 1910, be- 
 ing engaged in raising cattle and hogs, and also carry- 
 ing on diversified farming on his tract of 320 acres. 
 His next venture was in the City Stables, which he 
 purchased, but seeing a good opportunity of dispos- 
 ing of this acquisition at a profitable figure, and feeling 
 that he had earned a rest, he sold this establishrnent 
 April 20, 1911, since which time he has lived a retired 
 life. Mr. Wellhouser is a stockholder and director in 
 the Cascade Lumber Company. In political matters he 
 is a Republican, and takes a keen interest in the 
 success of his party’s candidates, although never him- 
 self an office seeker. He belongs to Sheridan Post 
 No. 18, Grand Army of the Republic, is a member of 
 the Montana Pioneers, and attends the Methodist church. 
 He is junior commander of his Grand Army post. 
 
 On February 2, 1882, Mr. Wellhouser was married 
 at Lyons Farms, Union county. New Jersey, to Miss 
 Sarah M. Frazee, born in Washington Valley, May 
 31, 1851, daughter of Moses and Susanna Frazee, and 
 a member of an old and prominent family, her great- 
 grandfather, Joseph Frazee, being the American founder. 
 Four children have been born to this union : Howard 
 
 F., born on Sun river, December i7> 1883, who died 
 November 20, 1886; Jay Grant, born August i, 1885, 
 engaged in ranching in Mid Canyon, married Sadie 
 Augerbright, and has one child, Bertha Mabel ; 
 Frank H., born on Antelope creek, April 25, 1888, mar- 
 ried Laura Craig, of Craig, Montana, and has a son, 
 Henry F. ; and Henry Miller, born December 25, 1889, 
 on Antelope creek, single. 
 
 Mr. Wellhouser’s life is strikingly illustrative of the 
 reward that comes after years of faithful endeavor. 
 Thrown upon his own resources at a time in his life 
 when most boys are receiving the solicitude _ and care 
 of loving parents, he bravely did what he believed was 
 his duty to his country and himself, nor did he fail when 
 the real test of manhood came. As he was a faithful, 
 brave and gallant soldier, so he became a good and loyal 
 citizen, performing the duties of peace as well as those 
 of war." Now, looking back over a long and useful 
 career, in the evening of life he can have no regrets. 
 His activities have benefited those about him and he 
 is honored and esteemed as a man who has not lived 
 his life in vain. 
 
 George Herbert. One of the old and honored resi- 
 dents of the Yellowstone valley, now living somewhat 
 retired at the age of eighty years on Ins 160-acre tract 
 of land near Laurel, has_ during a long and active 
 career experienced the vicissitudes that have attended 
 the careers of many of Montana’s pioneers, although 
 at the present time no citizen is held in higher esteem 
 in his section or has more friends than George Herbert. 
 He was born in 1833, in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, 
 the eighth in order of birth of the eleven children of 
 John B. and Martha Herbert, natives of Germany and 
 England, respectively, 
 
 Mr. Herbert secured his education in the public 
 schools and worked on his father’s farm until he was 
 seventeen years of age, at which time he went to 
 
 Franklin county, Kentucky, and there attended school 
 for six years. Lie spent the following four years in 
 working on a Kentucky farm for wages, and continued 
 to follow that vocation until 1863 in the neighborhood 
 of St. Louis, Missouri, from which section he went to 
 Salt Lake City. After spending two years in driving 
 stage between Muddy Station and Green River, Mr. 
 Herbert removed to Virginia City, Montana, and sub- 
 sequently located in Alder Gulch, where he was en- 
 gaged in mining for gold. He was successful in these 
 operations, but later lost -his fortune in mine specula- 
 tions. In the fall of 1866 he went to Norwegian Gulch, 
 thirty miles west of Virginia City, where he mined un- 
 til 1868. In July, 1867, in company with four others, 
 he made a trip to what is now the Yellowstone park, 
 spending about three months prospecting. This was 
 one of the earliest prospecting parties to visit that local- 
 ity, and the journey was attended by many dangers 
 from the Indians, as well as many hardships and pri- 
 vations. In 1870 he prospected at Cedar creek, but 
 without success, and the same year came to Gallatin 
 valley and purchased some land which he cultivated 
 until 1879, in which year he sold it, and removed to 
 his present location in 1880. While farming, in 1874. 
 prior to leaving the Gallatin valley, he joined a gold- 
 hunting expedition to Big Porcupine, on the Yellow- 
 stone, and had constant trouble with the Indians. The 
 expedition had to be fighting them nearly all the time. 
 On one occasion it was attacked by 1,500 of them in 
 one body, but succeeded in repulsing them. In 1880 
 Mr. Llerbert came to Laurel, as has been noted, and 
 took up 160 acres of land, through which the Northern 
 Pacific now runs. He erected good buildings, and for 
 many years followed agricultural pursuits, but of recent 
 years has lived a somewhat retired life. He has seen 
 numerous changes since the days when he was com- 
 pelled to ride heavily armed to resist the attacks of 
 highwaymen bent on holding up the stage, and can 
 remember vividly an experience he once had with 
 desperadoes, the robbers coming out second best in 
 the encounter. 
 
 Mr. Herbert was married in 1881 to Miss Nancy 
 Seright, who was born in Illinois, and six children 
 have been born to this union : George, Arthur J., Emma, 
 Martha, Joseph and Henry, all of whom were given 
 good educational advantages. Their mother died in 
 1889. In politics Mr. Herbert is an old line Democrat, 
 but being personally acquainted with Mr. Lincoln be- 
 fore he was elected president, voted for him on per- 
 sonal grounds. In religious matters he favors a uni- 
 versal church. During his long residence in his pres- 
 ent locality he has made numerous friends, who know 
 him as a whole-souled, big-hearted man, thoroughly 
 typical of the generous West. 
 
 Shelby Irvine. Born and reared in the state of 
 Montana, Shelby Irvine is a distinctly western product 
 and his nature partakes freely of those characteristics 
 of breadth and freedom which have rendered that state 
 so charming to all who have come within its influence. 
 Himself the son of a man who was for years identified 
 with the big mining interests of Montana, Shelby Irvine 
 has, since reaching man’s estate, been connected with 
 mining affairs, and for fourteen years has been affiliated 
 with the Boston & Montana Mining Company, his pres- 
 ent position with that company being that of cashier. 
 Beginning as a surface laborer, he has advanced rapidly 
 from onb position to another until two years ago he was 
 appointed to his present responsible position, which he 
 has since filled with a high degree of efficiency and with 
 satisfaction to all. 
 
 Born at Deer Lodge, Montana, May 24, 1871, Shelby 
 Irvine is the son of Edwin H. and Anna E. (Forbis) 
 Irvine. The father was a native of Kentucky, born in 
 that state on the iith of October, 1837. He died on 
 December 12, 1898, at Butte, and is there buried. He 
 
 s 
 
]()22 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 was an early pioneer of Montana, and was engaged in 
 mining and real estate up to the last few years of his 
 life. He came to Alontana in 1864 and settled in Vir- 
 ginia City. His mining ventures were eminently suc- 
 cessful and he was connected with some of the best 
 paying enterprises in the state up to the time of the 
 jianic of 1893-94, when he lost practically everything he 
 possessed. He owned a one-third interest in the Eve- 
 line mine and was identified as a stockholder in many 
 iinother mining enterprise of note in the days previous 
 to the panic. Mr. Irvine was always active and fore- 
 most in the good works of Butte, and in his duty as a 
 loyal citizen he was faithful to the tittermost. He was 
 one of the founders of the Christian church in Montana 
 and was an earnest member of that body in Deer Lodge 
 and Butte. At the time of his death he was president 
 of the Alontana Christian Association. 
 
 The death of h'.dwin H. Irvine was felt keenly in 
 the city where he had made his home for so many years, 
 and he is still remembered with tenderness by a large 
 circle of old-time friends. Anne E. Eorbis, his wife and 
 the mother of the subject, was a native of Kentucky, like 
 her husband, and was born there on April 7, 1839. She 
 was the daughter of Jonothan F. Forbis, who came to 
 Alontana in 1864 and engaged in stock-raising. He died 
 in Helena in 1877. Air. and Mrs. Irvine became the 
 parents of seven children ; four sons and three daugh- 
 ters. They are : Forbis F., a resident of Cardwell, 
 
 Jefferson county, Alontana; Ella, the wife of Wiley 
 Alountjoy, of Cardwell, Alontana; Agnes, who married 
 Galen Wood, of Seattle, Washington; Alay, widow of 
 W. H. Haviland, also of Seattle, Washington ; Kathe- 
 rine, the wife of J. O. Bender, resident of Holywood, 
 California; Edwin, died at the age of four years, and 
 Shelby, who was the fifth in order of birth. 
 
 Shelby Irvine was educated in the public schools of 
 Deer Lodge, Alontana, and in the University of Ken- 
 tucky, finishing his studies at the age of twenty-one. 
 When he returned from college he entered the real 
 estate and mining business with his father, with whom 
 he was thus associated for about four years, after which 
 he entered the employ of the Boston & Alontana Min- 
 ing Company in a humble capacity and he has continued 
 with them up to the present time. 
 
 Like his father. Air. Irvine is a man highly respected 
 in his community, and occupies a high place in the 
 esteem of all who come within the influence of his per- 
 sonality. He is a member of the Christian church, in 
 further accord with the precepts and examples of his 
 honored father, and his sturdy Scotch ancestry stands 
 forth in his worthy citizenship and his high moral char- 
 acter. 
 
 On April 12, 1893, Mr. Irvine was united in marriage 
 with Miss Lillian De Alordaunt, a native of Virginia 
 City, Nevada, and a daughter of Julius and Delphine 
 fColby) De Mordaunt, the latter being of Russian 
 extraction, and the scion of a family of noble birth. 
 Two children have been born of their union, Willis 
 De Mordaunt Irvine, born in Butte, on the i6th of Sep- 
 tember, 1894, and Mildred D. Irvine, born October 18, 
 I 895- 
 
 Henry Burmeister. Although Henry Burmeister 
 had been a resident of the west for a number of years 
 previous to 1881, it was not until that year that fortune 
 deigned to smile upon him. His business experience 
 since that time has been the exact opposite of his expe- 
 riences of former years, and he became one of the pros- 
 perous ranchmen of the state, sheep raising being his 
 main activity, but is now retired from business and 
 makes his home in Great Falls, where he is the owner 
 of valuable realty properties. 
 
 Born in Hanover, Germany, on November 27, 1841, 
 Henry Burmeister is the son of John and Katherine 
 Burmeister, both natives of Germany, where they passed 
 their lives and died, the father passing away in 1850 
 
 and the mother in 186S. Henry Burmeister was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of Germany, and when he 
 was fifteen years old left school and engaged in farm 
 work. In 1862 he was drafted into the service of his 
 country in a military way, and he became a member 
 of grenadiers in the city of Hanover, in which he 
 served until 1867. He came to America in 1867, and 
 he first settled in Cook county, Illinois, where he en- 
 gaged in farm work for a year, but left the farm to gO' 
 to Burlington, Iowa, there securing a position first as 
 brakeman on the railroad, and then as fireman, in the 
 employ of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. 
 He remained thus employed until the winter of 1870, 
 when he came to Helena, Alontana, and there secured 
 work in the mines. He worked in the mines for two 
 seasons, then went to the Prickley Pear valley, in the 
 vicinity of Flelena, there securing a position as fore- 
 man of the ranch of John Thomas. He remained there 
 until the spring of 1876, when he wearied of the quiet 
 life and joined one of the first prospecting parties bound 
 for the Black Hills. FI is success as a prospector was 
 nil, and in 1879 he returned to Helena, and once more 
 he united himself with John Thomas as the foreman 
 of his ranch, in which work he was successful enough. 
 He then operated the ranch for a time on shares, con- 
 tinuing until 1881, when he moved to Chestnut valley,, 
 five miles south of Cascade, and there became asso- 
 ciated with F. S. Reed in the sheep business. They 
 started with one thousand head of sheep, with a winter 
 pastorage of three thousand and two hundred acres. 
 Success has ever since attended his efforts, and he and 
 his partner became known far and near as being among 
 the biggest sheep men of the Alontana region. When 
 he had accumulated a competency, however, Air. Bur- 
 meister was willing to retire from active business, and 
 he is now making his home in Great Falls, where he is 
 enjoying to the full the results of his years of stren- 
 uous activity. 
 
 Mr. Burmeister owns considerable real estate in 
 and about Great Falls, and at one time owned the site 
 of the Rainbow Hotel, selling it to the company which 
 reared that building. The political affiliations of the 
 subject are with the Republican party, and he is a 
 member of the Masonic fraternity, affiliating with the 
 Knights Templar and commandery of Great Falls. 
 He is a man well beloved of all who know him, and 
 his reputation for straightforwardness and uprightness 
 in all his relations with his fellow men is one which 
 speaks most eloquently for his splendid character. In 
 1903 Air. Burmeister sold his ranch and invested the- 
 proceeds in Great Falls property, which now yields him 
 a handsome return. His winters for the most part are 
 spent in California, Los Angeles and San Diego being 
 his usual wintering places. He has traveled a great 
 deal in the years that have passed since his retirement 
 from active business made it possible, and while he has 
 found many a pleasant spot, Montana still retains her 
 hold upon his affections, and he will make this state 
 his home as long as he lives. 
 
 He has never married. 
 
 Simeon V. Kemper. One of the strong and resource- 
 ful characters which have been so distinctively in evi- 
 dence in connection with the development and progress 
 of the great state of Alontana is this well known and 
 essentially representative citizen of the metropolis of 
 the state. A/Ir. Kemper has been a resident of Montana 
 since his boyhood days and has had the prescience to 
 determine opportunities and advantages and to make 
 such use of the same as to give him consecutive advance- 
 ment and to place him eventually among the substantial 
 capitalists and influential citizens of the state, his suc- 
 cess being the direct result of his own efforts. He has 
 been specially prominent in connection with the develop- 
 ment and upbuilding of the city of Butte, where his- 
 interests are large and varied and where he has fostered'; 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1023 
 
 progress in a significant degree through his well directed 
 operations in the handling and development of real estate. 
 He has not only been the architect of the splendid 
 structure of his business and material prosperity, but 
 has stood exponent of those sterling principles which 
 ever beget objective confidence and esteem. His career 
 well represents how manifold have been the opportu- 
 nities offered in Montana to men of courage, determina- 
 tion and industry, and as one of the honored and 
 representative citizens of this commonwealth he is 
 eminently entitled to specific recognition in this his- 
 torical work. 
 
 Simeon Vandeventer Kemper was born in the city of 
 St. Joseph, the metropolis and judicial center of 
 Buchanan county, Missouri, and the date of his nativity 
 was June 21, 1855. He is a scion of families whose 
 names have been identified with the annals of American 
 history since the colonial epoch, and the genealogical 
 record is one in which he may well take_ pride, the 
 while his course has been such as to make his a worthy 
 contribution to the history of the family of which he is 
 a member. Mr. Kemper traces his ancestry in the pater- 
 nal line back to stanch German origin, and the authentic 
 record covers a period of fully three centuries, with its 
 initiation in the person of Johann Kemper, a resident 
 of the village of Musen, near Siegen, province of West- 
 phalia, Germany, and about sixty miles southeast of the 
 historic old city of Cologne. Representatives of the 
 Kemper family immigrated from Germany to America 
 in the early part of the eighteenth century, and records 
 extant show that some of them settled in Fauquier 
 county, Virginia, about the year 1714. They became 
 substantial planters of the Old Dominion and several 
 representatives of the name were found enrolled as 
 valiant soldiers in the Continental line in the war of the 
 Revolution, after the close of which one of the number 
 served as governor of Virginia. 
 
 William Kemper, grandfather of the subject of this 
 review, was born in Virginia, as was also his wife, whose 
 maiden name was Rogers and who was of Scotch 
 descent. They removed to Kentucky in an early 
 day and were numbered among the pioneers of that 
 state. There William Kemper became a successful 
 planter and an influential citizen of his community. 
 Both he and his wife were most zealous and devout 
 members of the Baptist church, and thier lives were 
 spent in accordance with the faith which they thus pro- 
 fess, so that they merited and received the high regard 
 of their fellow men. Both attained to venerable age, 
 Mr. Kemper being eighty-four years old at the time of 
 his death. Of their eleven children, Thompson Kemper 
 was one, and he was born in Kentucky in the year 1806. 
 He was there reared and educated and in 1845 was 
 united in marriage to Miss Lucy Ann Smiley, who was 
 born in Nelson county, Virginia, in 1821, she likewise 
 having been a representative of one of the sterling old 
 families of Virginia, where she continued to reside until 
 her marriage. Her father was of Irish extraction and 
 her mother was of stanch Scotch lineage. Thompson 
 and Lucy Ann (Smiley) Kemper became the parents of 
 three sons and one daughter, and all of the sons — James 
 W., Edward W., and Simeon V. — are now residents of 
 Montana. The two former maintain their horpes in Dil- 
 lon, and the latter is a resident of Butte, the youngest of 
 the three being him to whom this review is dedicated. 
 The sister, Virginia Ann, who died in Montana, Febru- 
 ary 10, 187s, had married Milton Provence. Thompson 
 Kemper passed the closing years of his long and use- 
 ful life in the city of Butte, where he died on the 21st 
 of March, 1891, and here his cherished and devoted 
 wife was summoned to eternal rest in 1895, so that in 
 death they were not long divided. Mrs. Kemper was a 
 devout member of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 from her girlhood days until her death and soon after 
 their marriage her husband became a member of the 
 same church, in the activities of which he continued to 
 
 be most earnestly concerned during the residue of his 
 life. He filled various official positions in the church, in- 
 cluding those of class-leader and superintendent of the 
 Sunday school, and the lives of both him and his noble 
 wife were marked by concentration and by observance 
 of those high ideals which make human existence 
 justify itself. In his early life Thompson Kemper had 
 been a successful teacher, his education having been of 
 considerable scope and his intellectual ken one of broad 
 horizon. The names of this honored pioneer and his 
 wife merit enduring place on the roll of those who have 
 aided in the development of the state of Montana, and 
 their memories are revered by all who came within the 
 sphere of their gracious and kindly influence. 
 
 In the early ’50s Thompson Kemper established his 
 home at St. Joseph, Missouri, and in 1862 he removed 
 with his family to Kansas. Later he made the over- 
 land trip to Colorado, in which state the family home 
 was maintained until 1865. Thereafter the migrations 
 of the family continued from state to state in the west 
 until 1871, when a permanent location was made in 
 Montana, the subject of this sketch having been a lad 
 of sixteen years at the time. The journey to Montana 
 was made by rail to Corinne, Utah, from which point 
 it was continued with team and wagon to Radersburg, 
 Broadwater county, Montana. Near that place Thomp- 
 son Kemper entered claim to a tract of government land 
 and during the ensuing five years he put forth stren- 
 uous efforts to develop the same into a productive farm. 
 The farnily endured many trials and vicissitudes during 
 this period, as the grasshoppers destroyed the crops for 
 three successive years and the financial resources reached 
 a low ebb. Under these conditions Simeon V. Kemper, 
 the youngest of the three sons, assisted in providing for 
 himself and his parents by working for wages. He was 
 thus employed at carpenter work, mining, shearing 
 sheep, etc., but found none of these occupations specially 
 productive in a financial way. Owing to the various re- 
 rnovals of the family from state to state, his early educa- 
 tional advantages had been very limited, but his was not 
 a mentality to make this handicap a great one. Through 
 self-application and through the lessons gained under 
 the direction of that wisest of all headmasters, 
 experience, he has become a man of broad and accurate 
 knowledge and really may be said to have a liberal 
 education. 
 
 In 1875, when twenty years of age, Simeon V. 
 Kemper decided to seek more attractive fields of 
 ei deavor than those in which he had previously directed 
 his, efforts. He had a seeming prescience of the splen- 
 did growth and development in store for Butte, which 
 was then a mere mining town, and in 1877 he here 
 established his permanent home. He purchased forty 
 acres of land near the town and turned his attention to 
 market-gardening, in connection with which he gave 
 special attention to the propagation of strawberries. 
 Soon afterward the other members of the family joined 
 him in the new home and they continued a successful 
 gardening business for five years. The smoke from the 
 many smelters in the vicinity eventually interfered with 
 this industry, as plant life withered under the con- 
 ditions. The rapid growth of the city thus led the 
 Kemper family to subdivide their land and place the same 
 in the market. The lands were platted into city lots, 
 under the title of the Kemper addition, and from this 
 beginning Simeon V. Kemper finally became one of the 
 leading factors in the real estate business in the Mon- 
 tana metropolis. He rapidly acquired other realtv and 
 soon gained prestige as one of the most enterprising 
 and influential business men of Butte. In an individual 
 way he continued his successful operations in the real 
 estate, loan and insurance business until 1895, when he 
 effected the organization of the Butte Land & Invest- 
 ment Co., which is incorporated under the laws of the 
 state and of which he is vice-president. His son, Wil- 
 liam A., is president of the company, and E. Sterrett 
 
1024 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Shields is secretary. This concern has wielded great 
 influence in the development and upbuilding of Butte 
 and in the handling of realty in other parts of the_ state. 
 Mr. Kemper was associated with W. V. Lawler, in the 
 platting of the Lawler & Kemper addition, on the west 
 side of the city .of Butte. In initiating this noteworthy 
 enterprise they purchased, for a consideration of seven- 
 teen thousand dollars, a tract of eleven acres, and from 
 the sale of lots in the first year they realized sufficient 
 money to pay for the entire tract, while they retained, 
 in that addition, property which was valued at thirty 
 thousand dollars. Mr. Kemper and his brother, J. W., 
 had the good fortune to locate the famous Ground 
 Squirrel mine, which they eventually sold for two hun- 
 dred and thirty thousand dollars. Mr. Kemper was one 
 of the organizers, in 1891, of the State Savings Bank 
 of Butte, which became .the strongest bank in the state 
 prior to 1906. He is now a director in the Miners’ 
 Savings Bank & Trust Company, of which he was one 
 of the organizers. He also assisted in the organization 
 of the Montana Land & Security Company, of which he 
 is president, and is vice-president of the Washington, 
 Butte Mining Company. His mining interests are of 
 important order and it may be noted that he is presi- 
 dent of the Brooklyn Mining Company and vice-presi- 
 dent of the Salmon River Mining Company. 
 
 The career of Mr. Kemper has been such as to offer 
 both lesson and incentive. He had as his available finan- 
 cial resources when he arrived in Butte, less than ten 
 dollars, and he was further burdened by an indebtedness 
 of several hundred dollars. He had determination and 
 ambition, and with increasing success and responsibil- 
 ities he developed admirable powers in the mastering of 
 expedients and in the handling of affairs of broad scope 
 and importance. In his youth he felt the lash of neces- 
 sity, but this spurred him to further effort, and he has 
 won large and definite success, the while it has been 
 gained by honest and straightforward means, so that no 
 shadow rests on any portion of his singularly active and 
 productive career. He is one of the sterling citizens of 
 the state in which he has found it possible to win such 
 large and worthy success and in which his circle of 
 friends is coincident with that of his acquaintances. 
 For the past decade Mr. Kemper has lived virtually 
 retired from active business, and has given over to 
 E. S. Shields, secretary of the Butte Land and Invest- 
 ment Co., and his son, William Arthur Kemper, much 
 of the responsibility of his extensive interests — a trust 
 to which they have proven fully equal. 
 
 Though, as already stated, Mr. Kemper received but 
 limited educational advantages in his youth, he has 
 ever been an appreciative student and reader and has 
 become known as a man of broad views and well forti- 
 fied convictions. His range of reading has covered the 
 best in literature and he keeps in close touch with the 
 vital questions and topics of the hour. He finds great 
 pleasure in the attractions of the large and select private 
 library of his home and has made a special study of 
 mathematics, ethical and philosophical subjects and also 
 theology. His life has been guided and governed by 
 strict principles of integrity and while he is not formally 
 identified with any religious organization he has a deep 
 reverence for moral rectitude. In politics he maintains 
 an independent attitude and gives his support to men 
 and measures meeting the approval of his judgment, the 
 while he has shown himself to be signally progressive 
 and public-spirited as a citizen. Mrs. Kemper is an 
 active member of the First Presbyterian church of 
 Butte, and is a popular factor in the social life of the 
 community. 
 
 At Butte, on the 19th of November, 1880, was sol- 
 emnized the marriage of Mr. Kemper to Miss Sallie 
 B. Shields, who was born at Highland, Doniphan county, 
 Kansas, and who is a daughter of William Shields, who 
 was a prominent resident of the state of Kansas. 
 
 In conclusion is entered brief record concerning the 
 
 children of Mir. and Mrs. Kemper : William Arthur who 
 IS more familiarly known by his second name, was' born 
 on the 2ist 9f August, 1881, and is one of the repre- 
 sentative business men of the younger generation, in his 
 native state, being closely identified with his father’s 
 extensive interests, as has previously been noted ; Mary 
 
 o’ o the 1st of July, 1883, died in July, 
 
 1899; balhe Virginia, who was born on the 21st of Sep- 
 tember, 1^5. IS the wife of Claude Wheeler, of Los 
 Angeles, California; Helen E., was born July 15 1892 
 and remains at the parental home; and Simeon V Jr’ 
 who was born October 20, 189S, is now a resident of 
 The older son, W. Arthur Kemper, married 
 Constance Richardson, of Boston, Massachusetts 
 and Richardson Vandeventer Kemper, was born to 
 them May, 12, 1912. Merrie Frances Wheeler, daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Claude Wheeler, was born May i, 1912. 
 
 John W. Duffy, commissioner of Granite county 
 and a well-known rancher of Philipsburg, has been a 
 resident of the state of Montana since 1871. He settled 
 first in Granite county, has remained within its borders 
 during the years that have intervened, and in that time 
 has been actively identified with the live stock business. 
 He has also found time to take a lively interest in 
 mining activities, and since 1903 has been a member 
 of the board of county commissioners, during six years 
 of that period having been president of the board. 
 
 Mr. Duffy was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on 
 October 9, 1858, and is the son of Michael and Mary 
 (Cleary) Duffy. The father was born in Ireland, com- 
 ing to the United States when a mere boy. He saw 
 considerable of the United States before he finally 
 settled in Montana in 1865. In Granite county he fol- 
 lowed mining for some years and later became inter- 
 ested in ranching. He was a man of considerable prom- 
 inence in Granite county and held a prominent posi- 
 tion in the political life of the community. He died in 
 April, 1887, aged fifty-six. His wife, whom he met and 
 married in Minnesota, survived him until 1909, aged 
 seventy-eight years, and both are buried in Philips- 
 burg. They were the parents of but one child, John 
 W. of this review. 
 
 Until he was thirteen years of age John Duffy at- 
 tended the_ public schools of Minneapolis. In that year 
 (1871), his mother moved to Montana, locating in 
 Philipsburg, and there he continued his studies in the 
 public schools for a year or two. When he was about 
 fourteen he earned his first money working for his 
 father on the ranch, and it was under the care and 
 guidance of his father that John Duffy learned the 
 ranching business, in which he eventually engaged on 
 his own responsibility. For some time he followed min- 
 ing and at one time he carried the mail between Philips- 
 burg and Cable City under contract. It was after these 
 experiences that he became identified with the ranching 
 industry, and he has in recent years reached a place of 
 prominence and importance in that business. 
 
 Mr. Duffy is a Democrat in strength and assurance 
 and is active in the political affairs of the county. As 
 previously noted, he has been a member of the board of 
 county commissioners since 1903, and was chairman of 
 the board for six years. He is a member of the Yeo- 
 men and of the Catholic church. 
 
 In June, 1881, at Deer Lodge, Montana, was solem- 
 nized the marriage of Mr. Duffy with Miss Winnifred 
 Murphy, the daughter of Thomas and Bridget Mur- 
 phy, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Twelve sons and 
 daughters have been born to them, named as follows : 
 Mary Estella, deceased; Benjamin Harrison, died in in- 
 fancy; Thomas F., resident of Philipsburg; John P., 
 married and living at Philipsburg also; Edward M., 
 Nellie; Michael; Annie; Nora; Joseph; William; and 
 Margaret. All the unmarried members of the family 
 are living at home, and such of the number as are of 
 
■ I 
 
 \ 
 
 i- 
 
 }. 
 
 
 ^ .. 
 
 t 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1025 
 
 school age in attendance at the Philipsburg public 
 schools. 
 
 Hon. John W. Blair. Distinguished among Mon- 
 tana’s pioneers is the Honorable John W. Blair of 
 Helmville, Powell county, — a man who has, without 
 self-seeking, attained political prominence; without 
 blemish of integrity has achieved material success; and, 
 without egotism, has won a high reputation through- 
 out the region where he is best known. 
 
 A native of the middle west, Mr. Blair is of Scotch- 
 Irish ancestry in his father’s line and of Virginia an- 
 cestry through the Saylor lineage of his mother’s side 
 of the family. The latter branch were closely related 
 to the Ball family, of which Martha Washington was a 
 representative, and with that family shared in the 
 famous Ball estate, including much valuable property 
 in Washington and other great eastern cities. Of 
 this relationship was Samuel Saylor of Virginia, the 
 father of Mary Saylor, who was born in Ohio. In 
 that state she married Thomas Blair, also a native of 
 the Buckeye state. They resided near Berwick, in 
 Seneca township, Seneca county, Ohio, for many years, 
 and there to them was born in October, 1841, the son 
 whom they named John W 
 
 As a youth, John W. Blair was given the opportu- 
 nities of the public schools, which he attended until he 
 had acquired a general education, sufficient for all 
 practical purposes. He was a young man of energy 
 and initiative, and had a lively interest in the unde- 
 veloped west. When he had reached his majority he 
 entered upon an adventure which defined the entire 
 course of his subsequent life. 
 
 This project with which he identified himself was 
 a migration to Alder Gulch, Montana, In which he 
 made one of three hundred men who traveled over- 
 land with mule teams. The journey was a memorable 
 one, with many privations and risks, but they finally 
 reached their objective point, arriving at Virginia 
 City, Montana, on July 12, 1864. Mr. Blair spent 
 several months among the novel scenes and exciting 
 activities of a mining camp in which gold was found in 
 abundance. The winter of that year he spent in Utah 
 and in the spring he made his way to Last Chance 
 gulch. He remained there' for six years, at the end 
 of which time he came to Helmville, reaching there 
 in the autumn of 1871, and that place has ever since 
 represented his home. 
 
 Here Mr. Blair developed a fine ranch two miles 
 from the town and gradually expanded his possession 
 of land until he has become the proprietor of a ranch 
 of 28,000 acres, one of the most extensive in the state 
 of Montana. His great specialty was the raising of 
 sheep, for which he is quite famous throughout the 
 state, and his large herds of Shorthorn cattle, kept for 
 breeding purposes, was one of his chief interests. Ac- 
 cessory to these interests Mr. Blair also pursued the 
 various lines of general ranching. His building erected 
 for that purpose and the residences he occupies are 
 spacious and well planned, giving a most inviting as- 
 pect to the place. 
 
 In 1910 Mr. Blair sold out his large holdings of 
 ranch propertv. which the purchasers. The Day & Han- 
 son Security Company, of Spokane, Washington, plan 
 to dispose of in small tracts. 
 
 Aside from his landed interests and those which 
 accompanied them, Mr. Blair has successfully parti- 
 cipated in other enterprises of commercial advantage. 
 In 1910 he established the banking business of Blair 
 & Company, of Helmville, and from that time he has 
 been president of the company. He is also joint 
 owner with John A. Featherman of Drummond, of 
 the Palace Hotel, which is spoken of as the finest 
 structure of its kind in any town of the size of Drum- 
 mond in the northwest. This hotel was erected in 
 
 1911, and-Mr. Blair is vice-president and a director 
 of' the company, as well as being one of the organizers 
 of the Drummond State Bank at Drummond, Mon- 
 tana. Altogether, Mr. Blair is rated as a man of ex- 
 ceptional wealth, and his holdings of deeded land 
 probably were larger than those of any other individual 
 in the state. He is respected, moreover, in a degree 
 not possible to the man whose riches are the result 
 of chance or of unfair measures. 
 
 Mr. Blair’s political attitude is most clearly defined 
 by the theories and aims of the Republican p.arty, of 
 which he is an advisor and counsellor m this section 
 of the state. Until 1889 he had never taken any active 
 part in politics, but at that time, through a train of cir- 
 cumstances somewhat unusual, he was called upon to 
 serve his state in one of his highest bodies. Mr. Blair 
 in one of the few who have actually had such honor 
 thrust upon them, and among those is unique as one 
 to whom such honor came as a complete surprise. When 
 the nominations were made for Montana’s first leffis- 
 lature, Mr. Blair was not notified of the fact tha^he 
 was one of those chosen as a candidate for the office 
 When, therefore, he examined the tickets and saw a 
 name that corresponded to his, he supposed that it 
 represented an ^ acquaintance bearing that same pat- 
 ronymic, but living in another part of the county. It is 
 said that he all but entered the polls without knowing 
 of his candidacy. He was among those elected and 
 participated in the rather dramatic events of that as- 
 sembly his service including activity on the Labor 
 committee and others. 
 
 In the campaign of 1912, Mr. Blair was elected a 
 dclSt^^ legislature on the Republican 
 
 Mr. Blair is a veteran of the Civil war, having en- 
 listed for a three year term on October 3, i86s as a 
 member of the Forty-ninth Ohio Regiment of Minute 
 Men from which service he was honorably discharged 
 on May i, 1866. He is an honored member of the 
 Society of Montana Pioneers, and none among them 
 or among the more recent citizens of the state, has 
 more worthily advanced from the status of emotv 
 pockets to that of well filled coffers; none has more 
 intelligently, sanely and unpretentiously made for him- 
 self a place among the state’s representatives of capital 
 and industry; none has, through years of purposive 
 acquisition, more frankly won and kept, not only his 
 own self-respect, but the sincerely high regard of the 
 citizens of Powell county and of the surrounding 
 region. Mr. Blairs success has not been the result of 
 luck or chance. He has always been a man of great 
 energy, and it has been said of him “there is not a 
 lazy bone in his body.” A hard worker, he was al- 
 ways content if his help performed the same amount 
 of work as he himself. The care and handling of 
 ns extensive ranch interests, to which he always gave 
 his personal attention, became too arduous, and when he 
 had an opportunity to dispose of them advantageously, 
 he parted entirely with his ranch interests, as stated 
 previously, giving his time to other interests. 
 
 Notwithstanding his more than three score and ten 
 J^ears, Mr. Blair is a well preserved man. His natur- 
 ally strong constitution has stood by him well through 
 the years, and though he is small of stature, he has 
 ever been strong and wir\'. He is a man well informed 
 upon current topics, and is an acknowledged author- 
 ity upon lines of business with which he has been 
 identified, so that his advice and judgment upon busi- 
 ness rnatters are frequently called into play by his fel- 
 low citizens. He is highly esteemed, and a man of 
 the strictest character and integrity, and Montana 
 has had no better citizen than he. 
 
 CoL. James E. _C.‘\ll.'\way. In spite of the fre- 
 quently asserted claims of heredity, it is the exception 
 rather than the rule when from ancestry so distin- 
 
1026 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 guishecl as that of Colonel Callaway springs posterity 
 of such distinction as we have herein to record; when 
 brilliant names of the Revolution are repeated as bril- 
 liant names of the Rebellion ; when those who are 
 associated closely with the makers of one great state 
 should be authors of a line yielding makers of another 
 great state. It is therefore worthy of some comment 
 that Colonel Callaway's genealogy contains the names 
 of Col. Richard Callaway, of Edmund Callaway and 
 of James Hamilton. 
 
 Col. Richard Callaway, a great-great-uncle of our 
 subject, was a partner of the famous Daniel Boone and 
 with him served in the first state legislature of Ken- 
 tucky. Of the many interesting incidents of their as- 
 sociated lives, the one most frequently recounted in the 
 Callaway family is that of the capture of the little 
 daughters of these two men by Indians. 'While Fannie 
 and Betsey Callaway and Jemima Boone were, one 
 apparently peaceful day, boating on the Kentucky river 
 near Fort Boone, the courageous but panic-stricken 
 trio were captured by savages. Little Margaret Ham- 
 ilton, or “'Peggy'’ as she was always called, hurriedly 
 gave the alarm and Colonel Callaway, with thirty 
 men, made ready for immediate pursuit. After four 
 days of swift riding and clever circumvention, the 
 Indians were encountered and the children brought 
 back to safety. One of them, later Fannie Callaway 
 Henderson, was the first white bride in Kentucky. 
 
 Her sister Betsey became the daughter-in-law of Dan- 
 iel Boone, and among her descendants are included 
 
 the Irwin Brothers of Deer Lodge and Edward 
 
 Lamme of Bozeman. Most noteworthy in Col. James E. 
 Callaway’s direct line of progenitors on the paternal 
 side is his grandfather, Edmund Callaway, who, as a 
 mere youth rendered distinguished service to the Con- 
 tinental army, was prominent in the War of 1812, and 
 has received tribute as an honored pioneer of _ Ken- 
 tucky in the Frankfort monument; his^ name is es- 
 pecially associated with the battles of Raisin River and 
 Tippecanoe, on which occasions he was in command 
 of a troop of brave Kentuckians. In the maternal 
 
 ancestry of Colonel Callaway, the name of Col. James 
 Hamilton is one of particular importance. He 
 
 was born on the Island of Nevis in the West Indies, 
 removing to Georgia at the approximate date of 1767. 
 During the War of the Revolution he commanded a 
 regiment of Georgia volunteers, but his life was sac- 
 rificed early in the conflict. It was his daughter, who, 
 a resident of Kentucky, at the age of four, was assoc- 
 iated with the Boone and Callaway families as Peggy 
 Hamilton ; who grew up and married, in the Blue Grass 
 state, a Virginian named William Means, the first 
 sheriff of Christian county ; and whose daughter, Mary 
 Hamilton Means, married Samuel T. Callaway, the 
 father of James Edmund Callaway. Samuel Callaway 
 was born in Kentucky and was a physician of remark- 
 able energy, which nevertheless presently failed him, 
 as a result of the strenuous practice of that period 
 and locality. He therefore turned from it to another 
 form of service to humanity, one requiring less ex- 
 posure and irregularity of hours, yet no less an outlet 
 for devoted enthusiasm. As a clergyman of the Chris- 
 tian church he lived in Illinois from the year 1848 
 until his death. He was in early years an old-line 
 Whig, later a Republican. 
 
 In Krigg county, Kentucky, on July 7, 1835, James 
 Edmund Callaway was born to Dr. Samuel Taylor 
 Callaway and his wife, Mary Hamilton Means Calla- 
 way. He was thirteen years of age when the family 
 home was changed to Illinois, and his subsequent 
 youthful years were spent in the vicinity of Jackson- 
 ville and in Tuscola, Illinois, until the period of his 
 college and professional study. His educational de- 
 velopment was that provided by the public schools of 
 Jacksonville and Tuscola, of the academy at Jackson- 
 ville and later of Eureka College. He thereupon be- 
 
 gan the study of law, being so fortunate as to be a 
 student in the office of the brilliant Richard Yates, 
 later notable as war governor and United States sen- 
 ator^ from niinois. Under that famous jurist his 
 reading continued until his admission to the bar. His 
 preliminary practice was in Jacksonville, but he pres- 
 ently located at Tuscola: His promising beginning of 
 a legal career was soon interrupted by events which 
 provided the inception of his distinguished military 
 record. 
 
 When in April, 1861, the news was flashed over the 
 country of the attack on Fort Sumter, the soldierly 
 heart of James Edmund Callaway awoke to such dy- 
 namic enthusiasm that in the public meeting held in 
 Tuscola his influence was a large factor in the im- 
 mediate result. Within an hour a company was or- 
 ganized and he was chosen to be its captain. Two 
 hours later he was on his way to Springfield to tender 
 its services to the government. It was therefore mus- 
 tered into state service by U. S. Grant on May 9, and 
 into the United States service in June of the same 
 year, 1861. It was listed as Company D of the Twen- 
 ty-first Illinois Volunteers, that famous fighting regi- 
 ment under Colonel — later General Grant, Captain 
 Callaway’s regiment left Springfield July 4, 1861, and 
 as it was soon attached to the Army of the West it 
 was eventually not in the battle under General Grant. 
 In Fredericktown, Missouri, its first engagement oc- 
 curred ; and such was the conduct of the captain 
 and company in this and related encounters that Cap- 
 tain Callaway was, in September of 1862, commis- 
 sioned as major. 
 
 During the battle of Chickamaiiga the colonel of 
 the Twenty-first Illinois, J. W. Alexander, was killed 
 and the lieutenant colonel was wounded, whereupon 
 Major Callaway was made its commander. And when, 
 as a result of the demoralization of the Eighty-first 
 Indiana Regiment on the day previous. Major Calla- 
 way was sent to take command of this also, he 
 undertook this double command in both the battle of 
 Chickamaiiga and the siege of Chattanooga. It was 
 told of him that in the former engagement he wa.s the 
 last man to cross the Chickamaiiga bridge, when the 
 Twenty-first Illinois was assigned to cover the re- 
 treat, on the occasion of that barely averted disaster 
 to the Union army. The record of the Eighty-first 
 Indiana was so praiseworthy after his assumption of 
 its command that it received special mention from 
 headquarters. He was later the recipient of a beautiful 
 trilnite from the regiment. He was presented with 
 a gold and silver mounted sword, bearing on its blade 
 the inscription: “Presented to Major James E. Call- 
 away, 2ist Regiment Illinois Infantry Volunteers, by 
 the Non-commissioned Officers and Privates of 8ist 
 Regiment Indiana Infantry Volunteers, Chickamaiiga, 
 19th and 20th September, 1863,” and elsewhere on its 
 rich metal surface the words, “As a token of the 
 respect we entertain for him as an Officer and a 
 Soldier and for the gallant manner in which he com- 
 manded us in the memorable battle of Chickamauga, 
 on the 19th and 20th September, 1863.” That gift and 
 memento was, during Colonel Callaway’s life, a much 
 prized treasure and an object of much interest and ad- 
 miration, even of reverence, to his friends. It has 
 hung for many years on the walls of the dining-room 
 in the Callaway home, and is still guarded by the 
 family as a priceless relic. 
 
 The above-mentioned battles were by no means Col- 
 onel Callaway’s sole or final claim to military dis- 
 tinction. During the siege of Chattanooga he was sent, 
 with his two regiments and some cavalry and artillery, 
 on a foraging expedition nearly forty miles up the 
 Sequatchie valley. Seizing all the mills in the valley, 
 he ran them for a week, gathering and grinding 
 thousands of bushels of corn; he then loaded his three 
 hundred wagons with provisions and returned with- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1027 
 
 out losing man or wagon, although closely pursued by 
 Wheeler’s cavalry. Major Callaway was again dis- 
 tinguished by especial compliment, when after the battle 
 of Stone River, General Rosecrans ordered the forma- 
 tion from each division of a light brigade composed of 
 officers and men distinguished for bravery and sol- 
 dierly qualities. Their names were placed on a roll of 
 honor; and not only was Major Callaway’s one of the 
 list, but he was made commander of one of these light 
 brigades. After the battle of Chickamauga, the Eighty- 
 first Indiana had so few men that it was not entitled 
 to a colonel and as it had no field officer, Governor 
 Morton offered Major Callaway its colonelcy. But he 
 preferred to remain with his own regiment and \vas 
 made its colonel in November of 1864. It is pertinent 
 to conclude these comments on his military record by 
 adding that Colonel Callaway’s regiment holds very 
 high rank in the official mention of those having ren- 
 dered distinguished service. Having, through this long 
 and strenuous period of heroic service, led his men 
 with the utmost courage, judgment and skill, the sur- 
 render of the Confederate army left nothing for the 
 brave Callaway to do but resign “by reason of the 
 close of the war,” and to accept his honorable dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Then came the era of his legal success which dem- 
 onstrated the caliber of the man no less clearly than 
 did his military career. During the year 1864 he had 
 been detached from his regiment for a time in order 
 to fulfill the duties of judge advocate general for the 
 department of the Etowah, a signal recognition of 
 his professional ability and an honor contributing not 
 a little to his prestige when he returned to Tuscola to 
 resume his regular practice. With another brilliant 
 young lawyer Thomas H. McCoughtry, he formed a 
 partnership, their legal firm name being Callaway and 
 McCoughtry. Together they achieved a notably high 
 standing' in the community and in their profession at 
 large. Their services were employed on one side or the 
 other of almost all the important litigation in that 
 section of Illinois ; and it is of peculiar interest to 
 note that the opposing side was usually represented by 
 an able young man named Joseph G. Cannon, who has 
 since then served for so many years as speaker of the 
 house of representatives, but who was at that time a 
 young and rising barrister of Tuscola. 
 
 An able and ambitious lawyer with a gift for polit- 
 ical procedure, usually finds it but a step from legal 
 practice to statesmanship of one kind or another. Con- 
 sidering his legal talent and his military reputation, 
 it was quite natural that he should soon be chosen as 
 a member of the Illinois legislature. In spite of his 
 success and the high esteem in which he was held, 
 all was not well with him, for his health was suffer- 
 ing from disabilities left by his strenuous martial 
 endeavors. A change of climate seemed advisable, 
 and for some time the colonel had been keenly con- 
 scious of the call of the great and growing west. It 
 was therefore with satisfaction that he accepted, in 
 1871, an appointment from, his friend. President Grant, 
 as secretary of Montana, and he thereupon removed 
 with his family to this state in March of that year. He 
 held the office also through the second term, having 
 been re-appointed in 1875. In March of the year 1877 
 he resigned, on the occasion of the inauguration of 
 President Hayes. As the office had not required his 
 entire time nor repaid the service with adequate pe- 
 cuniary return. Colonel Callaway had continued the 
 practice of law when time permitted and opportunities 
 presented themselves. It was not long before his 
 talents were recognized in his being elected to the 
 legislature of Madison county. In January of 1885 he 
 was chosen speaker of the Montana house of repre- 
 sentatives, being the first Republican to hold that office 
 in Montana. He was furthermore a member of the 
 constitutional conventions of both 1884 and 1889, and 
 voi. 11—12 
 
 was thus a prominent factor in the formulating of the 
 state constitution. In the former of these conventions 
 it was granted that he had but one superior as a debater 
 and that no one could surpass or even equal him as 
 a parliamentarian. He was one of the only five men 
 who were memibers of both these important bodies and 
 also one of the seven who prepared the address to the 
 people when the present constitution was submitted. 
 Another honor accorded him at this period was his 
 being made commander of the Montana Grand Army 
 of the Republic, an appointment which came to him in 
 1889. He had also served in 1878 and 1879 as United 
 States district attorney for the first judicial district of 
 Montana, having received that appointment from Judge 
 Blake. 
 
 Throughout a quarter-century era of his life the 
 colonel’s interests were woven through the sturdy and 
 sometimes rough warp of Montana public life in one 
 capacity or another. His courage and enterprise made 
 him one of the first parties that entered National 
 Park, the date of that investigation being 1871. The 
 evenness and steadiness of his character through these 
 political events recounted gave tone to the fabric of 
 the evolving state. The brilliancy of his mind light- 
 ened the dullness of the formative drudgery of the 
 creation of a commonwealth. And the delicate quality 
 of his conscience counteracted some of the garish self- 
 seeking of many participants in that task. 
 
 But his physical nature, never so strong as his will 
 or his ambition, and his financial affairs, never quite 
 first in his motives could not longer stand the strain of 
 this constant giving out of self. From 1871 he had 
 made his home in Virginia City, and there he had 
 performed his public duties while he had strength 
 enough for these and his legal practice. He gradually 
 discontinued the former and again gradually, from the 
 year 1887, when both physique and property were 
 noticeably failing him, he withdrew from professional 
 life, until in 1896 he had practically retired. In 18^ 
 his physicians ordered him “off duty” entirely, but in 
 1901 his valiant heart pushed him once more into the 
 professional world that had meant so much to his 
 splendid impulses toward action. It fought bravely on, 
 against odds as great as those of Chickamauga, until 
 in 1905 the Great Commaflder offered honorable dis- 
 charge. And so, after seventy years of gallant service 
 in life’s earthly detachment, James Edmund Callaway 
 returned home. 
 
 For nearly forty years he had lived with his wife, 
 Mary E. Link Callaway, whom he had married at Paris, 
 Illinois, on January 16, 1866, and who was a daughter 
 of Nehemiah and Emeline Vaught Link, the family 
 being one of the old and prominent ones of Paris. 
 Mrs. Callaway still resides in Virginia City. The chil- 
 dren of whom she and the colonel were the parents were 
 four in number, three sons and a daughter. Llewellyn 
 L. Callaway, who was born December 15. 1868, has 
 gratified his father by also following the profession of 
 law, in which he has been signally successful. He re- 
 sides at Virginia City and is now judge of the fifth 
 judicial district. The daughter, Mary Ethelwyn, who 
 was born December 26, 1872, died February 10, 1878. 
 Edmund J., born December 31, 1880, was graduated 
 from the law school of the University of Nebraska at 
 Lincoln, has since been married and now resides at 
 Dillon, where he is a prominent attorney. George R., 
 the third son, who was born September 14, 1^3, is 
 secretary of the Montana State College at Bozeman. 
 
 Colonel Callaway’s social attitude and the quality 
 of social esteem of which he was the recipient call 
 for especial remark. Radical Republican though he 
 was, never did he permit political differences to inter- 
 fere with or to limit his friendships, and he experienced 
 peculiar joy in the fact that he had as many friends 
 among the Democrats as amonsf those of his own 
 party. As a member of the fraternal society of the 
 
1028 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Masons, he was of most exceptionally high rank, be- 
 ing a member of the blue lodge and of the com- 
 mandery; holding the position of grand lecturer of the 
 Montana jurisdiction; serving as junior grand warden 
 for one year and as worshipful master of his lodge for 
 four years; and taking class generally as a very prom- 
 inent Mason. His friendships, however, were liinited 
 by socially conventional lines no more than by political 
 limitations. All men with morally clean hands he was 
 glad to count within the bounds of bis comradeship. 
 Southern to the core, he was quick to resent an injury, 
 but was also quick to forget and was generous to 
 enemies as to friends. As an officer honored by nation, 
 state and private soldier; as a lawyer of bigh_ rank 
 in the exceptionally able bar of Montana’s territorial 
 days ; as a statesman and parliamentarian invaluable 
 in the era of our voung statehood ; but, most of all, as 
 a man, genuine in fibre and white in the soul of him, 
 do friends, acquaintenances, colleagues speak with 
 something more than ordinary affection the name of 
 James Edmund Callaway. 
 
 March Sorenson. Ten miles west of the city of 
 Billings, Montana, lies the 256-acre ranch of Marce 
 Sorenson, one of the prominent agriculturists of the 
 Yellowstone valley, who after many years of hard, in- 
 dustrious labor and many discouragements has achieved 
 success in his chosen line of endeavor. Mr. Soren- 
 son is a native of that country which has contributed 
 largely to the best citizenship of this section, having 
 been born at Jylland, Denmark, August 25, 1855, a 
 son of Marce and Anna Marie (Olson) Sorenson. 
 Mr. Sorenson’s father was a weaver by trade, and 
 also served as a soldier in the Danish army, during 
 the war between Prussia and Denmark in 1847-49. 
 and his wife, who died when Marce was eleven jears 
 old, had six children, of whom two are living: Marce, 
 and Marie, who is the wife of John Johnson and re- 
 sides in Montana. 
 
 Marce Sorenson received his elementary education • 
 in the schools of his native country, but when he was 
 only fifteen years of age, accompanied by his small 
 sister, Marie, he took passage in the steamship “Col- 
 orado,” and eventually landed at New York City. At 
 that time he had an aunt living in Montana, Mrs. 
 Anna Martin, who owned a ranch at Jefferson Island 
 and the little emigrants started for the west, taking 
 the train to Ogden, Utah, at that time the terminus 
 of the Union Pacific Railroad. There they were met 
 by S. R. Miller and his wife, who had come to meet 
 them from Jefferson Island, Montana, and at that place 
 Mr. Sorenson worked for Mr. Miller for two years, 
 being the only boy herding cattle in the Butte valley 
 in 1871. During this time he made the acquaintance 
 of a number of men who became prominent in later 
 years, among them being John Noyes, Myron Bijnard, 
 Sen. W. A. Clark and Wilbur Fisk Sanders, and di;ove 
 the eminent Dr. Tracey, one of the pioneer physicians 
 of Montana, over the mountains from Butte to Harrison. 
 After he had left Mr. Miller’s employ, Mr. Soren- 
 son secured work at day wages, and as he was thrifty 
 and economical soon saved enough to invest in a few 
 calves. To these he added as rapidly as he could 
 secure funds, and eventually engaged in the cattle busi- 
 ness on his own account, continuing successfully , there- 
 in in the counties of Jefferson and Madison until 1884. 
 At that time Mr. Sorenson went to southern Iowa, 
 where he purchased a farm and engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits, but there he encountered a number of dis- 
 couragements and misfortunes, and eventually lost all 
 that his hard labor bad earned for him. Although some- 
 what disheartened, he did not give up, but in June, 1895, 
 returned to Montana and again began to work for 
 wages, after he had spent two years in a visit to 
 Denmark. In 1896 he located on his present property, 
 situated in the Yellowstone valley, ten miles from 
 
 Billings, where he now has his 256 acres in a fine 
 state of cultivation and thoroughly irrigated. His 
 buildings are substantial and of modern architecture, 
 and are supplied with all equipment and appurtenances 
 necessary to carrying on the business of ranching. He 
 has a young orchard of two hundred apple trees, raises 
 wheat, oats and alfalfa, and also gives a great deal of 
 attention to raising fine horses. Mr. Sorenson has given 
 his children a good educational training, and that he 
 has not neglected to fit them for the serious business 
 of life was demonstrated in the summer of 1911, when 
 his two sons, Harry and Lester, aged fourteen and 
 fifteen years, respectively, raised over $3,500 worth of 
 wheat, oats and alfalfa on 156 acres of land. In 
 political matters Mr. Sorenson is a stanch Democrat, 
 and that he stands high in the esteem of his fellow 
 citizens was made evident in November, 1910, when 
 he was elected to the office of county commissioner. 
 Yellowstone county is one of the leading strongholds 
 of Republicanism in the state, and Mr. Sorenson was 
 the only Democrat on the ticket to be elected to county 
 office. He is a member of Billings Lodge No. 394, 
 B. P. O. E., and for several years has belonged to the 
 Brotherhood of American Yeomen. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Sorenson was married (first) to MisS 
 Lizzie Gaulter, who was born in Utab and died in 
 1891, having been the mother of three children : Lewis 
 M., who is engaged in beet raising on an eighty-acre 
 tract situated five miles from the city of Billings, and 
 married Hazel Brennan ; Frederick, who died when 
 seven years of age ; and Phoebe, who died in infancy. 
 After the death of his first wife, who passed away at 
 Lamoni, Iowa, Mr. Sorenson left his two sons, Lewis 
 M. and Frederick, at Lamoni, and took a trip to his 
 native place. He was there married in 1894 to Miss 
 Sophy Amalie Jacobsen, who was born in Denmark, 
 and they have had three children : Harry Clay, Lester 
 and Christina A., all at home. 
 
 In the life of Marce Sorenson there is presented a 
 lesson for the youth of any land; something to be 
 found in it of a nature encouraging to the yt ung as- 
 pirant, who, without friends or fortune, is struggling 
 to overcome obstacles in his efforts to acquire a com- 
 fortable competence, if not absolute wealth. Mr. Sor- 
 enson has met his share of discouragements and dis- 
 appointments, but has never allowed bimself to falter, 
 and the poor emigrant youth of forty years ago has 
 developed into one of the most substantial and highly 
 esteemed men of his community. While his business 
 activities have kept him very busy, he has not denied 
 himself the pleasure of companionship with his fellow 
 men, and in his wide circle of acquaintances there are 
 many who recognize his admirable qualities and are 
 proud to call him friend. 
 
 William Coleman. Coming as a boy into the state 
 of Montana and immediately identifying himself with 
 the life that was most typically hers during pioneer 
 days, by becoming a miner, William Coleman has been 
 for forty-six years a resident of the state. From 
 mining he drifted into a branch of the mercantile 
 trade and has made an unquestionable success of bis 
 business. Not only a pioneer in the commonwealth 
 and in a business way, but also in matters pertaining 
 to the welfare of the community, Mr. Coleman through 
 his progressive ideas and his energy in carrying them 
 out has done much for Deer Lodge, where he makes 
 his home. 
 
 William Coleman was born in Germantown, Ohio, 
 January 25, 1847, the third son and fourth child in a 
 family of six children. Plis parents were John and 
 Mary (Boyer) Coleman and he is descended from a 
 long line of pioneer ancestors. His grandmother, 
 Mary Schaeffer Boyer, was a granddaughter of that 
 early Pennsylvanian, who owned and sold the large 
 tract of land now largely occupied by the present city 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1029 
 
 of Germantown, Pennsylvania. Selling this land at 
 what he considered an advantageous price, he removed 
 his family and effects to another extensive tract which 
 he had purchased in the interior of the state. That 
 region was at the time of his locating within it a 
 frontier section of Pennsylvania. Indian raids were 
 not unusual and one such attack resulted in the death 
 of this pioneer and his wife at the hands of the sav- 
 ages. Their two children, Catherine and an infant 
 sister, were seized by the Indians and carried away 
 by them. The younger sister soon died from exposure, 
 but the girl Catherine for seven years remained in 
 captivity. Being a young woman of more than ordi- 
 nary intelligence and force of character, she won a 
 remarkable degree of respect and deference frorn her 
 wild captors. Her understanding of the medicinal 
 efficacy of various herbs added to the high esteem in 
 which she was held and she became a noted doctress 
 among the members of the tribe, who greatly prized 
 her services. This band — probably the Miami In- 
 dians — in their wanderings traversed an extensive part 
 of southern Ohio. It was while they were in that part 
 of the country that the Pennsylvaiiia girl captive, who 
 was permitted much liberty in going about to gather 
 her herbs, was one day surprised to hear the sound of 
 hammering. Tracing the sound for some distance, 
 she came to the bank of a stream, down which a raft 
 was about to be floated by some white men. Aston- 
 ished to see a young white woman in Indian garb, they 
 listened with eager interests to the story of her cap- 
 tivity and endeavored to persuade her to join them 
 in order to secure her liberty. But she preferred re- 
 maining among her respectful and considerate captors 
 to joining strangers of whom she knew nothing. She 
 requested these men, however, to report her predic- 
 ament to authorities who should enter into negotia- 
 tions with the Indians for her release. In the course 
 of time that end was accomplished, her leave taking of 
 this Miami band being accompanied with gifts of valu- 
 able trinkets and other highly prized articles. Return- 
 ing to the friends of her family in Pennsylvania, she 
 resurned the habits of civilization and was later married 
 to a young man named Schaeffer. One of her daugh- 
 ters, Mary Schaeffer, became Mrs. George Boyer, and 
 with her Catherine Schaeffer lived in the days of her 
 widowhood. It was then that her reminiscences of the 
 fine country to the west, in which the Indians had 
 lived and hunted, aroused such interest that in 1804 
 a colony of emigrants from that section of Pennsyl- 
 vania migrated to Ohio. Their long journey by wagon 
 was one in which this lady acted to a great extent as 
 guide. She it was who named the new settlement 
 in Montgomery county, Ohio, with the same name as 
 that given to the village of her father’s early com- 
 munity. Catherine Schaeffer lived in Germantown, 
 Ohio, to the end of her life, rendering valuable service 
 through her knowledge of medicine and of life in a 
 new, wild region. That colony included among its 
 other settlers George Coleman, whose son, John, later 
 married Mary Boyer, a daughter of Mary Schaeffer 
 Boyer and a eranHaughter of Catherine Schaeffer. 
 
 George Coleman was the father of eleven children, 
 among them five sons, of whom John Coleman was 
 the third. His marriage to Mary Boyer took place 
 on April 15, 1835. Of the six children of John and 
 Mary Coleman, two sons, William and Lewis, became 
 Montana pioneers, thus continuing the family tradi- 
 tion made notable by their grandfather, George Cole- 
 man, their distinguished ancestress, Catherine Schaef- 
 fer, and their earlier progenitor of Germantown his- 
 tory. 
 
 William Coleman was a student in the public schools 
 of Germantown. Ohio, until he reached the age of 
 seventeen, when he enlisted in the Federal army, first as 
 a drummer, but soon discarding the drum for the rifle, 
 he became a member of Company E, One Hundred 
 
 and Thirty-first Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. He re- 
 mained with this company until the close of the war, 
 being so fortunate as to receive only one wound, a 
 slight one obtained in a skirmish. At the end of the 
 war he returned home and with his older brother, 
 Lewis, set out for Montana in March, 1866. They 
 went by rail as far as Kansas City, Missouri, and were 
 joined there by a comrade of Lewis Coleman’s, J. T. 
 Clark, of the Second Colorado Cavalry. They pur- 
 chased between them a mule team and outfit, and on 
 the i2th of March, 1866, they left Kansas City en 
 route for Montana. Their way led them along the 
 famous old Santa Fe trail as far as Pueblo, Colorado. 
 There they crossed to Cherry Creek, thence to Den- 
 ver, where they secured more supplies and after a 
 rest of several days, a respite of which both their mules 
 and they themselves stood in sore need, they started 
 on again, over the emigrant (Mormon) road, head- 
 ing for Salt Lake. From the latter place they fol- 
 lowed the Cash Valley to Alder Gulch, Virginia City, 
 arriving in the mining town in July, 1866, having 
 been four months and four days in making the jour- 
 ney. During this long trip each night they were com- 
 pelled to picket their mules and mount guard over the 
 wagon and outfit, each taking turn at this duty. 
 
 At this time gold had just been discovered at High- 
 land Gulch, and the team of the brothers was the fifth 
 to cross the hills into that section of the country. 
 Leaving his brother Lewis at Highland Gulch, William 
 Coleman with a party of four went into the Big Hole, 
 and until fall prospected the tributaries of the Wise 
 river, but finding that gold was not to be had in pay- 
 ing quantities he returned to Highland. It was while 
 on this trip that Mr. Coleman discovered the Ruby 
 Gulch, and it was while he was away from his brother 
 that he prospected in Rochester, Camp Creek and 
 Soap Gulch. In. 1868 he made another trip into the Big 
 Hole country, which at the time was alive with game 
 of every description and infested with Indians, who 
 were, however, peaceably inclined. He had the mis- 
 fortune to be taken ill with mountain fever, and the 
 party was forced to camp under a fir tree for two 
 weeks or more, the sick man being made as comfortable 
 as possible on a bed of pine boughs. As soon as he 
 was able to be moved they carried him for thirty 
 miles, taking ten days to make the journey, to a house 
 occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Forest. There he slowly 
 recovered and when he was able to sit on a horse’s 
 back, made his way once more to Highland Gulch. 
 
 His next mining venture was to Loom Creek, Idaho, 
 where with two other men, Charles Ladeau and Dan 
 McKeever, he prospected for a time but found nothing. 
 He then returned for supplies to Salmon City, and 
 while there was joined by Dr. McCann, and together 
 they prospected the tributaries of the Lemhi river, 
 but were not successful and returned by way of Fort 
 Lemhi over the Range. He then prospected with 
 equal lack of success about the headquarters of Horse 
 Prairie. Coming thence to Bannack City, he began 
 mining alone, and building a suction pump, which was 
 the first introduced in this region, he succeeded in 
 reaching bed rock or .the main channel of Grasshop- 
 per Creek, being the first miner who had ever accom- 
 plished this feat. Here he was successful, and here he 
 remained until July i, 1871. In spite of all these ex- 
 periences he was only twenty-four years of age, and 
 was widely known as the “Boy Miner.” In 1871 he sold 
 his claims and came to Deer Lodge, Montana, where 
 he opened a jewelry store, just a small place at first, 
 but the pioneer in the town. His trade grew and now 
 it is the most important business of its kind in the 
 city and may be compared favorably with any store of 
 its kind in much larger cities. 
 
 In 1872 ]\Ir. Coleman established his first branch 
 store at Pioneer, and in 1875 be established a second 
 at Philipsburg, following these by one in Butte in 
 
1030 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1877 and another in Anaconda in 1884. He has since 
 closed out his branch stores, finding his business at 
 Deer Lodge about as much as he cares to handle. 
 
 Mr. Coleman has not given his entire time to the 
 management of his own business by any means. He 
 was instrumental in bringing about the present fine 
 water system of the city, working for six months in 
 the organization and promotion of the company. The 
 Water Company was organized on the ist of Octo- 
 ber. 1886, the officers now being N. J. Beilenberg, presi- 
 dent ; Willard Bennett, vice-president; and William 
 Coleman, secretary and treasurer. He evinced the 
 greatest activity in this work, giving the erectiori of 
 the works his personal attention. He later aroused 
 interest in the prospect of bringing electricity to the 
 city, and worked as hard in behalf of the Electric 
 Light Company as he had for the water company. 
 
 Mr. Coleman has many other interests, including 
 valuable mining interests in Montana, and particularly 
 near Butte. He is also the owner of much valuable 
 landed property throughout the state, and owns con- 
 siderable city realty, including his handsome home in 
 Deer Lodge. His life has been eminently successful, 
 not only as a business man, but in other ways that are 
 more important, in the winning of friends and the 
 regard of the people with whom he has been associated. 
 
 Mr. Coleman is a Republican and is active in ad- 
 vancing the interests of his party. He married Miss 
 Lucy Hammond, of Grant county, Wisconsin, who 
 was born November i, 1858. They were married on the 
 2nd of August. 1875. Two children have been horn 
 to them: Alice, now Mrs. J. A. Mulcahy of Deer 
 
 Lodge, and Joseph Coleman, of Deer Lodge. This 
 son married Miss Marie Estelle Reede, and they have 
 ■one child, Dorothy Loretta. The daughter. Mrs. Mul- 
 cahy, has two children. Coleman and Kathleen. 
 
 The father of the subject of this sketch, John Cole- 
 man, was a native of Ohio. He was a veteran of the 
 Mexican war, and served throughout that struggle. 
 He was a wagon and carriage nianufacturer and is 
 now deceased. The six children of his father and 
 mother were : George F., who is now a retired farmer 
 of Winchester, Ohio; Lavinia, who is Mrs. Alonzo 
 Law, of Germantown ; Lewis, who died at Deer Lodge 
 in igo8; Maria, now Mrs. Dan Kindig, of German- 
 town ; and Sarah, who married Peter E. Hart, of Ger- 
 mantown ; William was the fourth child. 
 
 In his early days Mr. Coleman enjoyed hunting and 
 fishing and all kinds of active sports. Now he gives 
 much time to his fraternal and social interests. He 
 has always been active in the Grand Army of the 
 Republic, and was the first Federal soldier who deco- 
 rated a Confederate soldier's grave in Montana. BTe 
 is a Mason and has been treasurer of his lodge for 
 nineteen years. He is also an Odd Fellow and has been 
 treasurer of this lodge for twenty-two years. His 
 wife and daughter and his son and daughter-in-law 
 are also communicants of the Episcopal church and 
 active workers in the same. 
 
 Mr. Coleman and family are representatives of the 
 highest type of a cultured family in the state. He is 
 a pleasing and courteous gentleman. With the wealth 
 and culture of himself and household go also those 
 traits of character that win and keep the esteem of all 
 who know them. 
 
 Bismark Williams. Among the leading men of 
 Montana may be found numbers who oroudlv claim 
 this great state as their native one. and as they owe 
 a son’s allegiance, it is given with enthusiasm and 
 patriotism, for the loyal sentiment of love of birth- 
 place is essentially American. Broadwater county has 
 a notable native citizenship and a leading representa- 
 tive of this class is Bismark Williams, who is serving 
 in the office of county treasurer of Broadwater county 
 and is a member of the society of Sons and Daugh- 
 
 ters of Montana Pioneers. Mr. Williams is a resident 
 of Townsend, Montana, but was born at Radersburg, 
 Montana, January 10, 1871. He is a son of W. U. and 
 Mrs. Malicia (Pool) Williams. 
 
 W. U. Williams was born in 1838, in Alaine, of an 
 early settled family of the Pine Tree state. He re- 
 mained on his father’s farm until old enough to safely 
 handle tools and then learned the cabinetmaking trade, 
 which he followed until his attention became attracted 
 toward the west. In 1867 he accompanied a wagon 
 train that crossed the plains to Alder Gulch, now Vir- 
 ginia City, and suffered many of the hardships that 
 attended the early pioneers. For one year he pros- 
 pected around Alder Gulch and in 1868 took up a 
 claim in what is now Broadwater county and for a 
 number of years afterward engaged in stock raising 
 in Crow Creek valley. After selling his ranch he 
 retired to Radersburg, where he still resides. 
 
 W. _U. Williams married Mrs. Malicia Pool, who 
 died in March, 1893, on her husband’s ranch in Crow 
 Creek valley. She was a widow at time of marriage 
 to Air. Williams and had two daughters : Laura, who is 
 now Mrs. John Ross, of Tostan, Montana; and Alice, 
 who is Mrs. Aaron Schaaf. residing at Lewistown, 
 Montana. To her second marriage three sons were 
 born, namely : William S., who is a mine owner liv- 
 ing at Radersburg; Frank L., who is a mine foreman 
 and superintendent, residing at Radersburg; and Bis- 
 mark. 
 
 Bismark Williams attended the public schools of 
 Radersburg and Crow Creek and at the age of nineteen 
 years became a farmer and stock raiser on his own 
 account. He operated in Broadwater county for four 
 years by himself and then sold a one-half interest in 
 his ranch and stock to his brother, William S. He 
 was then appointed rural mail carrier and served in 
 that capacity for four years, until 1896, and afterward, 
 for two years devoted himself entirely to work on 
 his ranch. From 1898 until 1900 he served as post- 
 master at Radersburg, and from 1900 until 1904 fol- 
 lowed mining and prospecting in Broadwater county. 
 In the fall of the latter year he was elected assessor 
 for the county and served out a term of four years 
 and then resumed private business, moving to the 
 National Park and embarking in the mercantile busi- 
 ness, which he conducted successfully for two years, 
 at the end of which time he was again called to public 
 office, being elected county treasurer. For this impor- 
 tant office he is well qualified in every way and is a 
 man of responsibility and of ample means, owning, in 
 addition to his ranch lands, valuable realty at Raders- 
 burg and at Townsend. 
 
 On January 19, 1898, Mr. Williams was married to 
 Aliss Mertie Doughty, a native of Radersburg, like 
 himself, and they have an interesting little school-girl 
 daughter of eleven years. Hattie AI. Mr. Williams is 
 active in the order of Odd Fellows and has passed all 
 the chairs in the local lodge. He is one of the influen- 
 tial members of the Democratic party in this section. 
 
 Epgar Moore Hall, of the firm of Gunn, Rasch & 
 Hall, one of the leading law firms of this part of the 
 state, is a native son of Montana and of the type which 
 the commonwealth is particularly proud to claim as its 
 own. His father, Joseph E. Hall, became identified 
 with Montana some twenty-five years before it was ad- 
 mitted to statehood, and by heritage and personal in- 
 clination the subject is loyal to its institutions. He is 
 the scion of one of the oldest American families, the 
 arrival of the Halls on these shores having little ante- 
 dated the landing of the Pilgrims and the records bear 
 the names of a goodly number of soldiers and patriots, 
 whose staunch characteristics are reflected in the per- 
 sonality of the gentleman. 
 
 Air. Hall was born in Diamond City, January 1871. 
 His father, Joseph E. Plall, was a native of Holmes 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1031 
 
 county, Ohio, born July 23, 1834, and this venerable 
 gentleman is now a resident of Bozeman, Montana. He 
 came to the state in 1864 and first located in Virginia 
 City, but left there in the following year and pme 
 overland to Diamond City, where he engaged in mining 
 until 1875. During later years he followed ranching and 
 real estate, and for some time past has been retired. 
 He has been a prominent man and has, with credit, held 
 several important public trusts. In Meagher county, 
 when Diamond City was the county seat, he was for five 
 years clerk of the court and in his earlier life he was at 
 all times active and interested in politics. He was the 
 friend and supporter of Colonel Sanders, his loyalty to 
 that gentleman being of the highest type. He was an 
 adherent of the men and measures of the Republican 
 party, a member of the Presbyterian church and a 
 Mason, belonging to Diamond City Lodge, No. 7. He 
 went west in 1859, when great sections of the country 
 were still wilderness and adventure lay waiting at every 
 turn in the road, and he lived the life of the western 
 pioneer with its attending hardships and deprivations. 
 He lived in New Mexico for a time and then removed to 
 Colorado, where he engaged in mining and prospecting. 
 He took as his wife Nannie Moore, who was born in 
 Shelby county, Missouri, April 8, 1839, his union to her 
 being celebrated in Helena in 1868. Mrs. Hall came to 
 Montana in 1865, with her widowed mother and a 
 younger brother, then seventeen years of age, the jour- 
 ney having been made overland with ox-teams and 
 having been attended with many hardships. They came 
 direct to Diamond City. The grandmother died No- 
 vember 16, 1868, in Diamond City, and there the re- 
 mains of that good and brave woman are interred. Mrs. 
 Hall is a woman of strong character, an advocate of 
 temperance and one of the sturdy pioneer women of 
 Montana. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hall are members of the 
 Society of Montana Pioneers. Edgar Moore is the 
 eldest of the three children born to them. The second 
 son, Fred Brant, born June 12, 1874, in Diamond City, 
 resides with his parents at Bozeman and the youngest, 
 Harry, born at Hall’s Ranch on the Musselshell, October 
 I, 1880, met with a tragic death by drowning in the 
 Musselshell river at the age of two and a half years. 
 
 Edgar Moore Hall received his early education in 
 the public schools of White Sulphur Springs and was 
 graduated from the high school with the class of 1891. 
 In the meantime he had come to the decision to adopt 
 the law as his profession, and in the fall of the year 
 mentioned he entered the law department of_ the Uni- 
 versity of Michigan, and from that noted institution 
 received the degree of LL. B. in 1893'. He was 
 a member of Delta Chi fraternity in the University of 
 Michigan. Subsequent to that he removed to Lewiston, 
 Montana, and there hung out his professional shingle in 
 association with E. W. Morrison, one of the mosj prom- 
 ising of Lewiston attorneys, with whom he remained as- 
 sociated for a short period. He next removed to Nei- 
 hart. Cascade county, and practiced there for a year, 
 but in May, 1895, went to Big Timber, shortly after the 
 creation of Sweetgrass county. He continued in Big 
 Timber for a decade, until January, I905> 'p that place 
 developing his legal powers and enjoying high standing 
 in the community, which looked upon his departure as 
 in the nature of a calamity. . . 
 
 On the first of January, 1905, Mr. Hall became a citi- 
 zen of Helena, entering the office and becoming assistant 
 to Attorney General Albert J. Galen, and filling the 
 position of assistant attorney general until July p 
 Since then he has been engaged in private practice and 
 formed a partnership with M. S. Gunn, the firm now be- 
 ing known as Gunn, Rasch & Hall, with offices in the 
 Treacy building. They carry on a general practice and 
 the firm is also counsel for the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 road Company, for the state of Montana, and the fame 
 of their ability is by no means bounded by the limits of 
 Helena or Lewis and Clarke county. i\Ir. Hall had 
 
 known preferment before coming to Helena and wasi 
 county attorney of Sweetgrass county for three terms, 
 being elected in the fall of 1898 and serving until Jan- 
 uary I, 1905. Preceding that, he was deputy county 
 clerk at Big Timber. 
 
 Mr. Hall is a leading member of the ancient and 
 august Masonic order, belonging to Doric Lodge, No. 53, 
 at Big Timber, where he is a charter member. He has 
 passed all the chairs and is a past master, but is affiliated 
 only with the Blue Lodge. He is also a member of the 
 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and belongs 
 to the Montana Club. His faith is that of the Presby- 
 terian church. In politics he is of Republican convic- 
 tion and until within the past year and a half was 
 active in party affairs, his influence being very definite. 
 His practice, however, has grown to such proportion 
 that he has little time for anything else. 
 
 Mr. Hall was married June 5, 1907, at Helena, Mon- 
 tana, to Agnes May MacDonald, daughter of Alexander 
 MacDonald, a Montana pioneer. That gentleman, now 
 deceased, constructed and operated what was known as 
 MacDonald’s pass toll road between Helena and Mis- 
 soula. He was formerly engaged in mining. Mrs. 
 Hall was born in Lewis and Clarke county May 29, 1881. 
 They have two interesting children : Genevieve, born 
 January 10, ic^, and Edgar MacDonald, born April 4, 
 1911, both natives of Helena. 
 
 The subject’s paternal ancestors were of English ex- 
 traction and Thomas Hall, the founder of the American 
 branch of the family, crossed the Atlantic early in the 
 seventeenth century, locating in Connecticut. The great- 
 grandfather and the grandfather served in the Revolu- 
 tion and the War of 1812, respectively. Mr. Hall has in 
 his possession an original document of discharge for 
 the great-grandfather, Thomas Hall, after seven years’ 
 service in the Continental army, the same being signed 
 by George Washington. The maternal ancestors came 
 from Scotland and settled in America early in the eigh- 
 teenth century, making their home in Virginia. 
 
 Mr. Hall is a member of the Lewis and Clarke Bar 
 Association and of the Montana State Bar Association. 
 He has no particular hobbies, nor is his happiness de- 
 pendent upon any particular diversion, his greatest 
 pleasure being in his home in the company of his wife 
 and children. His residence, an attractive and hospitable 
 one, is located at 443 Clark street. 
 
 Rev. Lawrence Palladino, S. J. The beloved 
 father, whose scholarly attainments have given him a 
 place among the thinkers of the country. Rev. Law- 
 rence Benedict Palladino, was born in Dilecto, a small 
 village in the Appenines, about thirty miles from 
 Genoa, Italy, on the 15th of August, _ 1837. His 
 parents were Julius and Magdalene (Recci) Palladino, 
 who lived and died in their Italian country. After 
 a course of private instruction at home. Father Pal- 
 ladino entered the Petit Seminaire at Genoa. Owing 
 to the fact that his health was not robust, he was sent 
 to the diocese of Tortoro, to continue his studies at 
 Stazzlus. He early decided to take holy orders, and 
 in 1855 entered the Society of Jesus as a novice. 
 His philosophical studies were conducted in Italy and 
 at Felkirch in the German' Tyrol. For his course in 
 theology, he went to Lyons, France, completing his 
 course at Monaco. He was ordained at Nice in 1863, 
 and the same year was ’ sent to California to be 
 professor of Latin and Greek at St. Ignatius’ College 
 in San Francisco. From here Reverend Palladino 
 was sent to Santa Clara and until 1867 was minister 
 in the college in that city, leaving it in that year to 
 engage in missionary work in the Flathead country 
 of Montana. 
 
 For four years. Father Palladino was in charge of 
 the St. Ignatius Mission on the reservation, and then 
 in 1871 was sent to Helena, where he labored until 
 1887, when he was recalled to St. Ignatius Mission, 
 
1032 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 and was given charge of the work there and also of 
 the Missoula valley. From this post, he was again 
 sent to Helena, remaining six years this time, when 
 he was called to Spokane to be president of Gonzaga 
 College. He held this position one term and then was 
 transferred to Seattle for one year. For the following 
 eight years, he had charge of the parish of Missoula, 
 and after a few years in Idaho and North Yakima, 
 Washington, he was sent back to this cit}^ in 1910, 
 to become assistant pastor in the parish in which 
 he had so endeared himself in previous }'ears. 
 
 Father Palladino has been active in literary pursuits 
 as well as in the duties of his priestly office. One of 
 his most interesting works is “Indian and White in 
 the Northwest.” It is a masterly presentation of the 
 achievements of the two races in the region, printed 
 in an octavo volume. The first edition of the book is 
 aljout exhausted, and the second is in preparation. 
 In addition to this valuable historical work. Father 
 Palladino has been a frequent contributor to the maga- 
 zines and has written a number of devotional works. 
 As a writer, he is clear and forceful in style, and these 
 qualities also characterize him as a speaker. He has 
 made a careful study of the early history of the North- 
 west, and is a recognized authority on Indian history. 
 He was for some ten or twelve years vicar gen- 
 eral in the diocese of Helena under Bishop Bronder. 
 
 The work of the early missionaries of the church 
 among the Indians deserves a volume in itself. Men 
 of the highest attainments in scholarship and of the 
 finest culture, cheerfully gave the best years of their 
 lives to the work of uplifting the aborigines, and 
 one of the men who has done much in this field is 
 Father Palladino. Characteristically, he gives the praise 
 to his order, and claims no personal credit for his 
 years of sacrifice and toil. From the earliest begin- 
 nings of Montana history, there have been priests who 
 have lived the life of sacrifice, and who have con- 
 secrated themselves to the service of the race : “re- 
 joicing in hope, patient in tribulation, continuing in- 
 stant in prayer, distributing to the necessities of the 
 saints, given to hospitality,” and it is to this noble 
 band of valiant souls that Father Palladino belongs. 
 He felt it no hardship to leave the. college work for 
 which his training and intellect had so admirably fitted 
 him. and to go among the savages, and truly the fruits 
 of that ministry have justified the sacrifice. Father 
 Palladino is spending his declining years among the 
 people who love him, and who appreciate the achieve- 
 ments of his noble life, and who enjoy the charm of 
 his genial, modest and lovable presence. 
 
 Richard Lockey. Perhaps no man in Montana has a 
 wider acquaintance or occupies a more pre-eminent 
 position in the affairs of that state than Richard Lockey, 
 closely identified with Montana since 1866, and con- 
 nected with its political and industrial affairs from the 
 beginning of his acquaintance here. His influence has 
 been felt in nearly every avenue of public and private 
 interests. In politics, in mining affairs, in industrial 
 matters, in educational lines, in fraternal circles, in 
 financial institutions, — in fact, in every connection where 
 the presence of a master mind and willing hand has 
 been in demand, there has Richard Lockey been found 
 at the helm. 
 
 Born in Yorkshire, England, June ii, 1845, Richard 
 Lockey was the third child of the nine who were born 
 to his parents, John and Mary Lockey, who emigrated 
 to America when their son Richard was one year old, 
 settling in Dubuque, Iowa. Up to his twelfth year 
 Richard Lockey was permitted such primitive advantages 
 in an educational way as the then frontier town af- 
 forded. The gleanings of those first few years, however, 
 were sufficiently well implanted in his fertile mind to 
 stand him in good stead in later life as a foundation 
 for advanced education, and he has ever been a student 
 
 of the best, so that his earlier lack in the matter of 
 has been in no sense a handicap to the man. 
 When the Civil war broke out Richard Lockey was 
 sixteen years^ old and looked less. He offered himself 
 twice for enlistment in the Union army, but each time 
 was refused because of his youth. Not to be frustrated 
 in his design, the persistent boy was finally accepted 
 m a clerical capacity, which he regarded as somewhat 
 less opprobrious than remaining at home with aged 
 men and small boys, and was attached to the Fremont 
 Hussars, at Patterson, Missouri. In November of that 
 year his command accompanied that of General David- 
 son on an expedition into southeastern Missouri and 
 Arkansas. In 1864 he accompanied General Sherman’s 
 army from Vicksburg in its march across Mississippi 
 into Alabama, and later, returning to Vicksburg, he 
 joined in General Banks’ farnous Red River expedition, 
 at_ that time Mr. Lockey being in charge of the com- 
 missary and quartermaster departments of Gen. A. 
 J. Smith’s command, the Sixth Division, Sixteenth 
 Army Corps. In the fall of 1864 the unhealthful cli- 
 mate and the exposure of army life reduced his vitality 
 to such an extent that he suffered a dangerous illness 
 at Memphis, and was eventually sent home. Upon his 
 ultimate recovery he entered Bayliss Commercial Col- 
 lege in Dubuque, Iowa, from which he was graduated. 
 During the winter of 1865-66 he was engaged at St. 
 Louis in settling up the books of the quartermaster 
 Sixth Division, Sixteenth Army Corps. After complet- 
 ing the work he came to Montana, locating almost im- 
 mediately in Helena, where he secured employment. For 
 three years thereafter he was engaged as a clerk in 
 Helena, following which he read law in the offices of W. 
 F. Sanders and Chumasero & Chadwick for some time. 
 
 In 1871 Mr. Lockey engaged in business in Helena in 
 a mercantile way, and in 1876 he opened a branch 
 store in Bozeman, where he manufactured immense 
 quantities of the product known as “hardtack” for the 
 military and Indian departments, this part of the busi- 
 ness being conducted on contract for the government. 
 In 1881 he sold out his Bozeman interests to his brothers, 
 John and George W., and disposed of the Helena store 
 to William Ulm, thus freeing himself entirely from the 
 demands of the mercantile business. Following his with- 
 drawal from that line of business, Mr. Lockey began 
 to devote his time to matters of real estate, insurance 
 and abstracts, and in the years that have since elapsed 
 he has built up a most representative clientage and has 
 come to be recognized as a leader in that class of busi- 
 ness. He has large real estate holdings and is the owner 
 of some of the choicest business and residence properties 
 in Helena, including extensive mining interests and hold- 
 ings in many other important enterprises of a worthy 
 nature. He is one of the organizers and was for twenty- 
 one years a director of the American National Bank 
 of Helena; he is president of the State Investment 
 Company and has been president of the Helena Trust 
 Company and of the Helena Rapid Transit Company; 
 at the present time he holds important positions in the 
 official administration of these companies. Mr. Lockey 
 has ever been foremost in philanthropic works and in 
 measures of whatever nature calculated to tend to the 
 public good, and he has shown his interest in that 
 respect by his generous contributions on numerous oc- 
 casions. He was one of the largest contributors to the 
 Montana Wesleyan University and was a trustee and 
 vice president of its board of trustees for many years. 
 He donated to the city of Helena the Lockey Avenue 
 Park, and was one of the principal owners of the land 
 which was donated to the state of Montana for the cap- 
 itol building site. He was also a heavy contributor to 
 the fund for enlarging the Lewis and Clark county 
 courthouse square or park, a handsome addition to the 
 city. Mr. Lockey has been for years prominently and 
 actively identified with the various branches of the 
 Masonic fraternity, including the Knights Templar, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1033 
 
 Scottish Rite, Mystic Shrine and others, and has of- 
 ficiated in many of their high offices. He now fills the 
 position of grand treasurer of the grand lodge of 
 Montana, A. F. & A. M., and is a trustee on the Mon- 
 tana Masonic home board. He is an active member of 
 the Odd Fellows and of the Sons of St. George, and he 
 served three years as grand receiver of the grand 
 lodge of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of 
 Montana. In 1868 he assisted in the organizing of the 
 Good Templars in Helena and since that time has of- 
 ficiated in all the high offices of the order. 
 
 Mr. Lockey has been a lifelong Republican and he 
 has for years been prominent in politics in his section 
 of the state. In 1^2 he was elected a member of the 
 Montana state legislature, in which body he distin- 
 guished himself as a man of patriotic broad-rnindedness 
 and progressive ideas. He has served on various occa- 
 sions in the city council of Helena, always with ex- 
 cellent results in the administration of the affairs of 
 the city, in so far as the influence of one man might 
 permeate. He has been twice a member of the board 
 of education and has furthered the best interests of 
 the community in his official capacity there as in many 
 another equally important position. 
 
 Always a man of distinction, perhaps Mr. Lockey is 
 better known throughout the state of Montana as the 
 ■“Duke of Last Chance” than in any other capacity. 
 For more than a quarter of a century he has been 
 the presiding officer of the “House of Lords,” a bur- 
 lesque legislative assembly, which was organized in 
 Virginia City many years ago, and removed to Helena 
 when the capitol was transferred thither. His natural 
 adaptation for presiding over such an assernbly is 
 marked. Nature made him a humorist of a quaint and 
 unusual order, and possessing, as he does, a thorough 
 acquaintance with parliamentary law, he is quick and 
 incisive in his rulings. His assumed gravity is never 
 disturbed by the mirth and hilarity which is prone to 
 mark the deliberations of the assembly, and his un- 
 ruffled and ever serious demeanor lends a grave di^ 
 nity to the scenes enacted in this_ mock tribunal, which 
 has given him an added reputation in the northwest, 
 and whose influence upon real legislation has ever been 
 of a most wholesome and salutary nature. 
 
 On June 5, 1870, Mr. Lockey was united in marriage 
 at Helena to Miss Emily E. Jeffrey of Leavenworth, 
 Kansas. Mrs. Lockey died December 26, 1907, ^t 
 Palo Alto, California. They had five children, two 
 of whom, Mary Ishbel and Richard, Jr., survive their 
 mother. 
 
 Miss Mary Ishbel Lockey founded Castilleja School 
 at Palo Alto, California, near Stanford University, in 
 1906, which has had a phenomenal growth, and has 
 become one of the best and most popular schools for 
 the education of girls on the Pacific Coast. While 
 a corporation, the school is owned by Miss Lockey, 
 who is president of the corporation, and principal of 
 the school. In 1910 Miss Lockey purchased a tract 
 of land upon which five buildings have been erected, 
 •the whole valued at $100,000. 
 
 Richard, Jr., who has been associated with his father 
 in business for several years, is vice president of the 
 State Investment Company. He married Miss Flor- 
 ence Gage on June 23, 1908, and they have one child, 
 Janet, born December 30, 1910. 
 
 Hon. George Douglas_ Pease. Known throughout 
 Gallatin, Park and Madison counties as the leading 
 lawyer in criminal practice, and recognized as one of 
 Montana’s eminent legal practitioners, George Douglas 
 Pease, of Bozeman, maintains a foremost position^ in the 
 list of Montana’s eminent professional men. During the 
 twenty years that he has been engaged in practice in 
 this city he has been identified with numerous cases 
 which have attracted wide attention, and the services 
 which he has rendered his city and county as the in- 
 
 cumbent of positions of honor and responsibility have 
 given him a wide reputation in the public area. He is a 
 native of Montana and was born in'Gallatin City, Feb- 
 ruary 22, 1871, a son of Joseph A. and Orvilla Melissa 
 (Kimpton) Pease. 
 
 Joseph and Cynthia Ann (Hunt) Pease, the paternal 
 grandparents of George D. Pease, were natives of Con- 
 necticut, and were married in Clarkson county. New 
 York, April 22, 1827. During the early thirties they 
 removed to Florence, St. Joseph county, Michigan, 
 where Mrs. Pease passed away October 22, 1844, soon 
 after which date her husband moved with his children 
 to Marquette county, Wisconsin. Later he went to 
 what is now the city of Eau Claire, where he was en- 
 gaged in lumbering and farming until his death in 
 1887. He and his wife had ten children, as follows : 
 Eliza L. ; George S. ; Joseph Alonzo; Mary Eliza, who 
 became the wife of Henry C. Hovenberg, of Eau Claire, 
 now deceased; Cyrus D., a prosperous farmer of the 
 Gallatin valley; Helen A., the wife of Curley Shea, 
 residing on the old Pease homestead near Eau Claire; 
 Edwin D. ; Betsie A., who married A. D. Chappell, of 
 Eau Claire, Wisconsin ; Calista A. and Cynthia A. 
 
 Joseph Alonzo Pease, father of George Douglas, was 
 born March 17, 1831, in New York, and as a lad ac- 
 companied his parents to the state of Michigan, and 
 later went with his father to Wisconsin, where he 
 was reared to agricultural pursuits. In 1861 he crossed 
 the plains to Montana, settling in Gallatin county, at 
 what is now known as Gallatin City, where he engaged 
 in farming and stock growing at the head of the Mis- 
 souri river as a pioneer. In 1880 he disposed of his 
 interests and removed with his family to Bozeman, in 
 the vicinity of which city he purchased a valuable ranch, 
 on which he carried on operations until his death, No- 
 vember 10, 1901. He was one of the first settlers in 
 Gallatin county and his efforts were well rewarded, 
 his sterling character and exemplary life gaining for 
 him the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens. In 
 political matters he was a Republican, but never sought 
 public preferment. He married Orvilla Melissa Kimp- 
 ton, who was born in Derby Line, Vermont, February 
 10, 1851, daughter of George and Sarah (Rollins) Kimp- 
 ton, natives respectively of Vermont and the Dominion 
 of Canada, their marriage having taken place in County 
 Stanstead, Canada. The Kimptons removed to Wiscon- 
 sin soon after their marriage, and on the old homestead 
 near the city of Eau Claire, in 1891, George Kimpton 
 passed away, his widow surviving him until September 
 13, 1906, when her death occurred. Their eight chil- 
 dren were as follows : Orvilla Melissa ; Edward A., 
 a prosperous farmer of Broadwater county, Montana; 
 Alvin, who resides near the old Wisconsin home- 
 stead; Lillie, the wife of Melville J. Farrel, still re- 
 siding near the city of Eau Claire: Archie, who also 
 makes his home in that locality; Washington I., who 
 at the time of his death in 1898 was an influential far- 
 mer of Broadwater county, Montana; and Emily and 
 Emma M., who died in infancy. 
 
 Mrs. Orvilla M. Pease died March 18, 1912, having 
 been the mother of nine children, all of whom are liv- 
 ing: George Douglas; Joseph Loran, born May 22, 
 
 1873, who married June 3, 1903, Mabel Thornton Gage, 
 of Oakland, California, and resides in that city: Edward 
 Alonzo, born September 7, 1875, residing in Bozeman; 
 Marv Aurelia, born October 10, 1877. '"’ho married De- 
 cember 26, 1906, in Bozeman, Rutherford B. Ward, and 
 now lives in Palouse, Washington; Sarah Helen, born 
 January 8, 1881, married December 25, 1905, in Boze- 
 man. B’rank Matthew Connelly, and now lives at Pot- 
 latch, Idaho; Allen Albert, born April 21, 1883, 'who 
 married August 15. 1905, at Sand Point, Idaho, Bertha 
 Augusta Mergey, and now resides in Ellensburg, Wash- 
 ington ; Vern Ashley, born August 24, 1885, who lives 
 in Bozeman; Margaret Isabelle, born January 21, 1888, 
 who married February 12, 1908, in Bozeman, Manning 
 
1034 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Garland Fanster, and resides at Potlatch, Idaho; and 
 Bessie Orvilla, born November 15, 1893, who is living 
 in Bozeman. 
 
 George Douglas Pease was brought up on the home 
 farm, and as his father’s oldest son, spent much of his 
 time assisting in the cultivation of the property. His 
 preliminary studies were prosecuted in the district 
 schools of the vicinity of the homestead and the public 
 schools of Bozeman, which he attended winters until 
 1888, in which year he was sent to Madison, Wiscon- 
 sin, to take a high school course, thus preparing him- 
 self for collegiate work. In the fall of 1889 he matricu- 
 lated in the University of Wisconsin, at Madison, and 
 graduated therefrom in the fall of 1893, receiving the 
 degree of B. L. During his last year in the university 
 he also prosecuted a course of study in the law depart- 
 ment, and in the spring of 1893, prior to his gradua- 
 tion, passed an examination before the state board of 
 Wisconsin, being admitted to the bar of that common- 
 wealth on April 26, He then returned to his home, but 
 in November opened an office in Bozeman, where he 
 has since been engaged in the practice of his profes- 
 sion, having gained prestige through his ability as an 
 advocate and counselor, and being recognized as a close 
 student of the science of jurisprudence. Mr. Pease has 
 carried on a general practice, but has given the greater 
 part of his attention to criminal cases, and in this con- 
 nection has not a peer in this section of the state. 
 He is a valued member of the State Bar Association 
 and of the Gallatin County Bar Association, having 
 served for some time as president of the latter body. 
 
 A stalwart Republican in politics, Mr. Pease has long 
 been identified with the work of that party. Shortly 
 after commencing practice in Bozeman, in 1894, he be- 
 came a candidate for the office of county attorney, but 
 was defeated in the nominating convention by a ma- 
 jority of only two votes. In April, 1895, was elected 
 city attorney of Bozeman, in which capacity he served 
 two years, and in May, 1897, the office having become 
 an appointive one, he was chosen as his own suc- 
 cessor, receiving the appointment from Mayor J. V, 
 Bogert. Two years later he was reappointed by Mayor 
 Alward, thus being in continuous service until January 
 I, 1901, when he resigned to assume the duties of county 
 attorney, to which office he had been elected on the Re- 
 publican ticket in November, 1900. He was re-elected 
 in 1902, and was one of the most successful county at- 
 torneys Gallatin county ever had. He had been a can- 
 didate for the same position in 1898, his name appear- 
 ing on the Republican, “Silver” Republican and Popu- 
 list tickets, but he was defeated at the polls by the Dem- 
 ocratic nominee. In 1904 Mr. Pease was the Republican 
 candidate for district judge, comprising Gallatin, Broad- 
 water and Meagher counties, but after a bitterly con- 
 tested campaign met defeat at the hands of the Demo- 
 cratic candidate, Hon. William R. C. Stewart. In fra- 
 ternal matters he is identified with the Woodmen of 
 the World, the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, 
 and Western Star Lodge No. 4, Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows. 
 
 On June 26, 1895, Mr. Pease was married at Eau 
 Claire, Wisconsin, to Miss Nellie Maybell Ward, who 
 was born in that city February 5, 1872, daughter of Eben 
 and Sarah C. (Briink) Ward, and the eldest of their 
 five children, the others being: Eugenia M., Ruthford 
 
 B., Homer E, and LeRoy A. Eben Ward was born at 
 Springbrook, Maine, October I 3 ..i 837 - being a carpen- 
 ter by trade, and still maintains his home at Eau Claire. 
 His wife was born in Indiana, May 10, 1849, and died 
 June 22, 1885, at Eau Claire. Mr. and Mrs. Pease 
 have three children, namely ; Edith Emogene, born 
 October 20, 1896; George Douglas. Jr., born February 
 5, 1898; and Muriel, born May 5, 1899. 
 
 John R. Thomas, now one of the sucessful men of 
 Montana, was left an orphan at the age of eight, and 
 
 at the age of twenty-two came to Montana with only 
 a few dollars in his pocket, and started out in life with 
 his capital consisting of his two strong hands and a 
 determination to win success, in the face of every dis- 
 couragement. He has been miner, randier, store- 
 keeper, indeed nearly everything that a non-profes- 
 sional man could be in a rough country such as Mon- 
 tana was during the first years of his residence here. 
 It IS a story of a slow and steady climb up the ladder 
 of success. He never faltered, never grew discouraged 
 and each step was upward and not downward. Thrown, 
 upon the world at so early an age he was no more 
 than a child before he had learned the hardest of life’s 
 lessons, and as a young man he possessed a maturity 
 of thought and a knowledge of humanity with all it’s 
 faults and virtues that many a middle aged man does 
 not possess. He thus succeeded where many a young 
 inan would have failed, not only in making a success 
 in the business world, but also in winning the friend- 
 ship of men all over the state of Montana. He is now 
 the center of a large circle of friends, who admire him 
 not. only for the ability which he has shown in the 
 management of his affairs, but for his character and 
 personality. 
 
 John R. Thomas was born at Wills Rivers, Vermont, 
 on the i8th of June, 1850. He was the son of Ben- 
 jamin L. Thomas, who was a native of the state of 
 New Hampshire. Pie was killed by a railroad acci- 
 dent, when only twenty-eight years of age. His young 
 son was just eighteen months old, and grew up never 
 knowing a father’s love and care, one of the saddest 
 things that can happen to a boy. His father now lies 
 buried at Clairmont, New Hampshire. The mother 
 of John R. Thomas, was Betsey M. (Anger) Thomas, 
 also a native of New Hampshire. She only lived till 
 her boy was eight and then died at the age of twenty- 
 eight. She now lies at the side of her young husband 
 in the quiet New Hampshire cemetery. The orphaned! 
 lad received his education in the public schools of his 
 home, and even yet has vivid memories of the little 
 red school house, and the agonizing hours spent 
 therein. 
 
 As he grew to manhood the lure of the great west 
 became stronger and stronger. He felt that some- 
 where out in that vast country he could find a place, 
 such as the overcrowded east could not furnish. He 
 came to Montana, therefore in 1872, arriving with four- 
 teen dollars and forty cents in his pocket. He was 
 confident that he would succeed and this was half the 
 battle. Pie soon found work on a ranch in Prickly 
 Pear valley, and here he remained for six years, ac- 
 quiring an intimate acquiantance with the country and 
 the people. Meanwhile he had been saving money and 
 in 1878 resigned the position that he had held for so> 
 long, moving to Nevada Creek, where he bought a 
 ranch. Pie remained there until the spring of 1880, and 
 then sold out for a good price. He now worked oru 
 the opera house for a time, and then turned to “cow 
 punching.” Both of these occupations were merely to 
 fill in the time while he was looking about to find a 
 ranch suitable for his purposes. In the fall of 1881 he 
 found what he had been looking for, and settled on 
 the ranch in question. It was located opposite the 
 mouth of Prickly Pear creek and here he settled down 
 to stock-raising. He became well known throughout 
 the cattle country as a successful stock raiser, and it 
 seemed that he had found his vocation. However, he 
 was never the man to resist a good bargain and when 
 he saw an opportunity to trade his ranch for a pros- 
 perous mercantile establishment at Craig, Montana, 
 he hastened to close the deal. This was in 1896, and 
 he remained in the mercantile business until 1900, 
 when having another opportunity to make a good trade, 
 and being ready to go back to ranching again, he traded 
 his store for a ranch sixteen miles south of Cascade. 
 He has lived here ever since and in connection with 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1035 
 
 his ranch he operates the corner store at Cascade 
 which he bought from Mr. Marcom. He thus is inter- 
 ested in the two lines of business that have always 
 been most attractive to him, and he has proyed that 
 he is equally capable as merchant or stock-raiser. 
 
 Mr Thomas has now lived in Montana for forty 
 years and the changes that have passed before his 
 eyes seem almost phenominal. As a miner and rancher 
 in the early days, when Montana was the dumping 
 ofround for adventurers, idlers, and those who were 
 Unwelcome at home, he shared in many experiences 
 that are surpassed only by the adventures of Uiamond 
 Dick,” or others of the yellow backed tribe. He had 
 his experiences with the Indians and was in more than 
 one fight. But perhaps his most vivid recollections 
 are of the blizzards, that in the days when long jour- 
 neys by horseback were necessary, were far more 
 gerous than they are today. Once while crossing the 
 range from Helena to Helensville, he had one of his 
 worst experiences with a blizzard. Afraid to go I'-ir- 
 ther for fear of traveling in a circle, he lay down and 
 went to sleep in the snow. When he awoke in the 
 morning in found himself buried under a foot of snow, 
 and he knows just what the sensation of being buried 
 alive is like. On another occasion he left home to go 
 on an errand that would take him to another ranch 
 only a few miles away^ One of these sudden storms 
 of snow and wind came up, and instead of the hour or 
 so that the trip would have required, he spent thirty- 
 six hours in wandering through the snow attempting 
 to find his destination ; even then it was the sagacity 
 of his horse that led him to safety. , 
 
 Mr. Thomas is a Republican in his political views. 
 He was married on January 30, 1888, to IMip Sarah 
 E Billops, who lived in Cascade, Montana. They have 
 one child, David A. Thomas, who was born m Septem- 
 ber, 1^3’, at Great Falls, Montana. He is at present 
 a great aid to his father, with whom he is m business. 
 
 Charles Wegner. The life of John Francis Wegner, 
 the father of Charles Wegner, covers a period made 
 famous in the history of two nations and Mr. Wegner 
 played his part in the building of the history. Born 
 in Germany, during the infancy of the American na- 
 tion, he lived in the Fatherland until the close of the 
 German Revolution of forty-eight, that period of dark- 
 ness and pain that gave birth to the new German lib- 
 erty. Mr. Wegner was among the leading revolutionists, 
 fighting for the freedom that might have been achieved 
 through less strenuous methods but fighting for what 
 he knew to be right. MTien the Empire seemed to 
 have won the gloomy victory, Mr._ Wegner was forced 
 to flee for his life from his native land but he fled 
 in most distinguished company. With him were Franz 
 Siegel, John Hecker and Robert Blum, the originators 
 of the movement— if they may be so designated. To- 
 gether they reached Vienna where Mr. Blum was cap- 
 tured and shot, the remaining three evading the enemy 
 and escaping by way of Switzerland to America. 
 
 Mr. Wegner first settled in New Orleans in 1849, 
 but after a short residence moved to Chicago where 
 he amassed, what in those days was known as a huge 
 fortune and became known as one of the merchant kings 
 of the new city. In the great money famine of 1857, 
 his fortune became dissipated, fifty thousand dollars 
 disappearing at one time. During these seven years 
 in the city on the lake, he sustained a loss far greater 
 than that of his wealth. 
 
 He had been married while still a youth in the Ger- 
 man home, to Elizabeth Niebergall who was born in 
 Frankenthal, Baden, Germany, in 1825. _ Married in 
 1843 when the Revolution was only a tiny murmur, 
 she had later, in company with her two young sons, 
 Charles and John Francis, followed her husband to 
 New York. Going from New York to New Orleans, 
 thence to Milwaukee and Chica.go, she was only per- 
 
 mitted to see the beginning of that husband’s financial 
 success. The cholera scourge was the forerunner of 
 that financial panic. In July of 1854 it laid its pallid 
 hand on this devoted wife and mother. It spared, as 
 she would have had it do, the other members of the 
 little family, but in July of that dread year the lads 
 were motherless. 
 
 Three years later, with his orphaned children and the 
 remnant of his fortune, the father purchased a hotel in 
 Kansas City, IMissouri. The misfortunes that pursued 
 him were no exception to the rule. They seemed to 
 come in droves. For a few short years he prospered as 
 a landlord and there seemed to be a hope that he might 
 eventually retrieve at least a portion of the former 
 fortune. However, almost before he could realize the 
 calamity, he was again caught in the tide of war and his 
 possessions submerged. At the outbreak of the Civil 
 war, Missouri was the scene of much border warfare. 
 Mr. Wenger, although too old to himself take an active 
 part in the struggle, was a strong Union sympathizer, 
 one of the boys, born to him in the Fatherland, going 
 to the front in his stead. When then Kansas City 
 was overrun with a Rebel host, they confiscated his 
 hotel and caused him to flee from his home for a 
 second time. This time he moved only across the Alis- 
 souri river into Leavenworth county, Kansas, settling 
 between Leavenworth and Lawrence on the old De 
 Compton road. Here during the war, he lived upon a 
 small farm, returning when the land was once more at 
 peace, to Kansas City where he entered into the grocery 
 business. Success seemed to elude him during three 
 difficult years. He went from Kansas City to Leaven- 
 worth, establishing a grocery in that city. There he 
 died, on the twenty-seventh of October, 1877, at the 
 age of sixty-seven. His death closed a career re- 
 markable even in that era of tragic events when each 
 year added a page to history. 
 
 The son, Charles, attended the public high school of 
 Chicago until his fourteenth year. Having been born 
 in beautiful Baden on the Rhine on the i6th day of 
 April. 1844, he had reached that aforementioned age 
 before his father met with the financial reverses. On 
 fleeing from Kansas City to Leavenworth, the lad was 
 apprenticed to a locksmith where he learned the lock- 
 smith trade. He was w'orking at this trade in 1862 
 when the United States government organized the 
 State Volunteer Militia under Colonel Robinson of 
 Lawrence. i\Ir. Wegner being every inch his father's 
 son needed no second invitation to enlist. He joined 
 Company G, under Capt. iMartin Smith, of the First 
 Kansas Regiment. For two years the company saw 
 some service in southwestern Missouri and eastern Kan- 
 sas, much of the time being spent in quelling guerrilla 
 warfare on the borders. 
 
 From the restoration of peace until 1872, Mr. Wegner 
 spent his time on a Kansas farm. In the spring of that 
 year he made his way to Montana, mostly by water, on 
 board the steamer. “Nellie Peck.” In iMontana, he 
 began farming on the banks of the Missouri river near 
 Craig. For ten years he tilled the soil before assum- 
 ing the management of the Holter Brothers’ saw mills. 
 In 1885 he moved from Craig to Great Falls that he 
 might organize the Holter Lumber Company. For 
 seven years, iMr. Wegner remained with the firm in the 
 capacity of general manager. He was also one of the 
 large stockholders. In 1892. he entered the livery and 
 feed business, joining with Mr. Cornelius in the estab- 
 lishment of the Axtell stables. In July of the following 
 year he was obli.ged to dispose of his interest in the 
 stables that he might become postmaster of Great Falls, 
 that position having been tendered him by President 
 ^Cleveland. After the expiration of his term of office, 
 he engaged in the real estate business in his home city 
 in which line he has been more or less interested ever 
 since. 
 
 In 1885, iMr. Wegner was elected county commissioner 
 
1036 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 of Chouteau county, those associated with him being 
 R. S. Ford and W. G. Conrad. In 1887, on a redivision 
 of counties by the legislature, Great Falls was made 
 the county seat of Cascade county and Mr. Wegner was 
 named as the first commissioner of Cascade county, 
 the other commissioners being J. H. Harris and E. R. 
 Clingen, elected twice. He served on this board 
 until his appointment as postmaster in 1893. Politics 
 have alw'ays seemed to him much more than a diver- 
 sion. The welfare of the Democratic party being al- 
 ways one of his chief concerns. In lodge circles he is 
 most prominent. He was one of the charter members 
 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Lodge 
 No. 214, and has served as secretary to this order for a 
 period of twelve years. He was also a charter mem- 
 ber of the Cataract Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, 
 No. 18, organized in April, 1887. For this chapter 
 he has been keeper of the seals for fifteen years. He 
 is a member also of the Electric City Club, the Board 
 of Trade and the Commercial Club. In his church affili- 
 ations he has been loyal, always, to the church of his 
 fathers, the German Lutheran, 
 
 During those years spent on a Kansas farm at the 
 close of the war Mr. Charles Wegner wooed and won 
 for his wife Miss Elizabeth Stigers of Connar, Kansas. 
 They were joined in marriage on the sixteenth day of 
 May, 1869. Miss Stigers was the daughter of Mr, 
 Lewis Stigers, a Missouri farmer. She was born in 
 Platte county, Missouri in 1846, being some two years 
 her husband’s junior. After sharing with her husband 
 his successes and hardships and becoming the mother 
 of his eight children, she passed away in their Mon- 
 tana home at Great Falls on the twenty-seventh day of 
 October, 1891, and was laid to rest by the side of her 
 oldest daughter in Highland cemetery. Of the seven 
 children now remaining, John Francis Wegner, named 
 for his distinguished grandfather, is a resident of Libby, 
 Montana. Leonard, the second son, is register clerk in 
 the postoffice of Great Falls. Charles Roberts is travel- 
 ing engineer for the North Bank Railroad, while Henry 
 B. is a rancher in Lincoln county. Percy is with his 
 older brother in Libby. Elizabeth, the oldest daughter, 
 rests beside her mother. Emma is the wife of Mr. E. 
 E. Wegner, of Butte, Montana, and Pearl is Mrs. M. H. 
 Millions of Great Falls. 
 
 Although all of the children have gone out into the 
 world for themselves, Mr. Charles Wegner still re- 
 tains his beautiful home at 415 Fourth street. South, 
 He now has offices in the Phelps block. It was through 
 his efforts and with his capital that the first two-story 
 building of Great Falls was erected. It was built in 
 August of 1885 and stands on the corner of Fifth ave- 
 nue and Second street. 
 
 Gaspard Deschamps. The part which the French 
 people have played in the history and development of 
 the whole United States has been at all times exceed- 
 ingly extensive in its influence and important in its char- 
 acter. While it is true that no part of the country is 
 without its marks left by this sturdy and virile people 
 there is, perhaps, no section more deeply indebted to 
 French influence of the finest quality wielded by its 
 early French tradesmen and settlers than the Northwest, 
 and western Montana numbers among its most potent 
 and desirable citizenry many of these splendid French 
 pioneers. . A typical representative of this class of 
 early French settlers is found in Mr. Gaspard Des- 
 champs of Missoula who for many years has been 
 closely identified with the development and upbuilding 
 of this part of the state, and is one of the most sub- 
 stantial factors in the life of this community today. 
 
 Mr. Deschamps is a native of Canada, where he was. 
 born pn the 8th of December, 1846, and in which coun- 
 try his father, Antoine, and mother, Julia Marca, were 
 born, lived throughout their lives, and died. He 
 attended the common schools of his native community 
 
 and after completing his education went to Montreal 
 and was for several years engaged in learning the 
 blacksmith trade through a regular apprenticeship. 
 During the long period that he was mastering the diffi- 
 culties of his chosen trade the sum which he received 
 for his time could scarcely be called wages, for it was 
 a mere pittance of one dollar per month. 
 
 Mr. Deschamps was of an ambitious and energetic 
 character and in 1865 when eighteen years of age 
 although he did not know a word of English he boldly 
 set out to make his fortune in the United States where 
 opportunities were greater than in his native country. 
 The first five years he worked at his trade in the New 
 England states and during that time mastered the 
 language and learned the different manners and cus- 
 toms of the people of that section. He was at all times 
 frugal and industrious and saved his earnings and when 
 he again felt the irresistible desire for a change in his 
 life and surroundings he decided to cross the conti- 
 nent, and in 1870 went to San Francisco. Employment 
 at his trade was found there for a time, but when in 
 the spring after his arrival the gold excitement broke 
 out at Cedar Creek, Montana, he in company with five 
 other Frenchmen decided to make an effort to secure 
 some of the precious metal and they set out for the 
 excited district. 
 
 _ There were no railroads reaching that section at the 
 time, and the party was obliged to make the trip by 
 horseback from Walla Walla. The journey proved to 
 be an interesting and exciting one, but they arrived at 
 Cedar Creek without serious mishap. There they se- 
 cured some claims and Mr. Deschamps worked at placer 
 mining for two and a half years, during which time 
 he was moderately successful and saved some money. 
 When he laad secured a considerable sum he sought 
 out a location at the head of Flathead lake, near where 
 the towns of Kalispell and Somers now stand, and in 
 1872 purchased some stock and went into the cattle 
 business.^ While he has never ceased to retain his 
 interest in this business and has ever since owned cat- 
 tle and lands, after five years on the ranch at Flathead 
 he went to Missoula, arriving here in 1877, and re- 
 engaged in work at his old trade. A year later he was 
 married to Miss Denise Cyr, a native of New Bruns- 
 wick, and^ in 1879 again went to live on a farm, this 
 time locating at Two Creeks. In 1881 he removed his 
 family to the home ranch at Grass Valley, and he has 
 .added acreage to the original farm by purchase from 
 time to time, until now it contains six thousand acres 
 and is considered one of the most valuable ranches in 
 this part of the state. It is completely stocked with 
 cattle and horses, and has a general farming equipment 
 as_ well. Of late years the conduct and management of 
 this big place has been in the hands of his two sons, 
 Ulrich and Arthur, while Mr. Deschamps devotes his 
 time to the management of his extensive carriage and 
 implement business. This plant which he established 
 in 1905 is one of the largest and best equipped in the 
 state and handles a large product each year. Besides 
 the two sons on the ranch Mr. Deschamps has raised 
 three other sons and seven daughters, three of the lat- 
 ter being now students at the famous college at Notre 
 Dame, Indiana. The family is one of the finest to be 
 found anywhere, the children being without exception 
 a credit to their parents and their splendid training. 
 
 It is men of the stamp and character of Gaspard Des- 
 champs who are the real bone and sinew of this great 
 country and their value to the state and nation is too 
 great to be adequately expressed. While Mr. Des- 
 champs has been unaided by any influence or power 
 other than his own indomitable will and pluck and 
 energy and determination to succeed won large finan- 
 cial rewards and is today a man of substantial wealth, 
 this is but one of the measures of his ability and effi- 
 ciency. In other respects also he has demonstrated 
 his right to be reckoned as a leader among influential 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1037 
 
 men of this section and the potency of his efforts in 
 the business, industrial and commercial worlds are 
 indicative also of the strength of his personal charac- 
 ter and his sterling worth as a man and a citizen of 
 the highest type. Missoula may well be proud to claim 
 Mr. Deschamps as one of its own best citizens and 
 more men of his large caliber, liberality and progres- 
 siveness would mean indeed a consummation devoutly 
 to be desired. 
 
 Prof. Oswald C. Mortson, surveyor-scientist, and a 
 recognized authority on the geological and mineral 
 history of Montana, of which state he had been a 
 resident for forty years, died on December ii, 1912, 
 in Great Falls, at the age of seventy-one years. Cas- 
 cade county well recognizes the fact that in the passing 
 of Professor Mortson she has lost a man who con- 
 tributed freely and without price a great share of his 
 life to her upbuilding and does well to mourn his loss. 
 In his capacity as surveyor his name may be found 
 on practically every map which has been officially 
 prepared for Cascade county, and as a mineralogist and 
 collector of specimens his reputation is nation-wide, 
 while his contributions to scientific publications with 
 relation to the geology and mineralogy of Montana 
 have been accepted as authority. 
 
 Oswald C. Mortson was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, 
 England, in 1841. Pie came to the United States in 
 1864, and after spending some little time in the state of 
 New York, he enlisted in the army in 1867, and gave 
 eight years of his life in the regular service. He came 
 to Montana in 1872 as a soldier and for two years was 
 stationed at Camp Cook, near the mouth of the Judith 
 river. Possessed of a remarkably scientific mind and 
 ever a keen student of things scientific, he found ample 
 field for the exercise of this tendency in his every-day 
 life in Montana, and he made worthy use of his oppor- 
 tunity and his ability. 
 
 It was in 1872 while engaged in surveying from Fort 
 Benton to the Sun river that Professor Mortson dis- 
 covered how rich Montana is in fossils, and he immedi- 
 ately began the collection which is now, through his gift, 
 the property of the Great Falls public library and which 
 it is safe to say will make his name immortal in the 
 state of Montana. Other collections which he has made 
 up have gained much favorable comment at expositions 
 in Chicago, New Orleans, Minneapolis, and St. Louis, 
 but the collection which he gave to Great Falls far sur- 
 passes in completeness and rarity any of these others, 
 and is adjudged by authorities on the subject to be 
 worth many thousands of dollars. Prior to the Cen- 
 tennial exposition in 1876 he had made a most admir- 
 able collection of mineralogy and geology specimens 
 which at that exposition gained for him the distinction 
 of being the pioneer herald of the natural resources of 
 Montana in the mineral line. 
 
 Some three years ago the professor notified the Great 
 Falls library of his wish to deed his collection to it, pro- 
 vided proper arrangements would be made to care for 
 it, and it is needless to say that the city was not slow 
 to avail itself of the splendid generosity of the man. 
 When the entire collection is placed, there will be found 
 specimens of practically all Montana minerals, as well 
 as the fossils of nearly all classes that are to be found 
 in the state. The territory including Cascade county, 
 however, is fully covered. 
 
 This unique but interesting character came to be one 
 of Jhe most familiar figures in Cascade county. He lived 
 quietly and alone in his- little cabin home, and while 
 his earlier years were divided between surveying and 
 specimen hunting, the closing years of his life were al- 
 most entirely devoted to his research work and the 
 preparation of articles for scientific publications. He 
 was peculiarly reticent as to his family history, and he 
 formed no close associations in life, so that 1-fis closing 
 years were passed without near companionship. For 
 
 years he lived in the little cottage at Seventh street 
 South and Second avenue, and it was here that he was 
 found by a friendly visitor on the Saturday following 
 Thanksgiving day. The door of the cottage was fast 
 and when an entrance was finally forced the old gentle- 
 man was found in a state bordering upon coma. He was 
 hurried to the Deaconess hospital, where every care 
 was given him, but he failed to rally from the attack 
 and death claimed him on Wednesday, December ii. 
 
 Few there are, if any, in Cascade county who have not 
 been attracted by the kindly but lonely old English 
 gentleman, whose pride was great enough to sustain 
 him through all his life without once divulging the 
 facts of his earlier circumstances, and which was suffi- 
 cient to restrain even the most indirect allusions to his 
 parentage and history on the part of acquaintances. He 
 was loved and honored by 'all who knew him, and his 
 stupendous gift to the city of Great Falls bespoke bet- 
 ter than could any words, his love and appreciation for 
 the asylum he found in the honest hearts of those among 
 whom he was thrown in Cascade county and Montana. 
 
 Sidney M. Logan. Not every son of an illustrious 
 father has been able to achieve prominence, but in the 
 case of Sidney i\L Logan, of Kalispell, it would seem 
 that the mantle of his father’s greatness has fallen 
 upon his capable shoulders. One of the leading repre- 
 sentatives of the legal profession, he has held prominent 
 public offices, and at all times has been a leader in 
 movements calculated to be of benefit to his adopted 
 community. IMr. Logan was born at St. Augustine, 
 Florida, March 2, 1867, and is a son of Capt. William 
 and Odelia (Furlong) Logan. 
 
 Capt. William Logan was born in County Louth, Ire- 
 land, December 9, 1830, of Scotch-Irish parentage, being 
 the son of Thomas D. and Margaret (Rohan) Logan, 
 who passed their entire lives in Ireland. Of their 
 family of three sons and five daughters, Capjain Logan 
 was the only one to emigrate to the United States. His 
 father was a clergyman of the Church of England, a 
 man of high intellectual attainments and force of char- 
 acter. Of the sons it is worthy of record that Charles 
 was colonel of the Sixty-first Highlanders, that Archi- 
 bald was a captain in the British navy, Thomas is now 
 a resident of Scotland, while Captain Logan, the other 
 son, acquired national fame by his gallantry. William 
 Logan completed his educational discipline in famous 
 old Trinity College, where he graduated about 1847, 
 coming to the LTnited States in 1848. He located in 
 New Orleans, where he first found work at railroading, 
 continuing to advance until he became assistant engi- 
 neer. He resigned this office and enlisted in Company 
 I, Seventh LTnited States Infantry, as a private, the 
 regiment having been recruited in New Orleans for 
 service during the Mexican war. Captain Logan served 
 under General Taylor, on the Rio Grande, and later 
 under General Scott, with whom he served until the 
 fall of the city of Mexico, _ participating in all the en- 
 gagements_ in which his command took part. 
 He contiued with his regiment as first ser- 
 geant after the war, his regiment having 
 been_ assigned to the work of guarding the fron- 
 tier in Texas and New Mexico and to opposing the 
 depredations of the Indians. The regiment finally sur- 
 rendered to Gen. Kirby Smith, in 1861, at the com- 
 mencement of the Civil War. Captain Logan was 
 paroled and sent to Rouse’s Point, New York, where 
 he remained until the succeeding fall. He again entered 
 the service in the spring of 1862 with the Army of the 
 Potomac, and was with his regiment until the battle of 
 Fredericksburg, where he was severely wounded in 
 the shoulder and conveyed to the hospital at David’s 
 Island, in New York harbor, where he served as hos- 
 pital steward after he had sufficiently recuperated. 
 Prior to receiving his wound, Captain Logan had par- 
 ticipated in the battles of Chancellorsville and Snecker’s 
 
1038 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Gap. Having rejoined his regiment, he was commis- 
 sioned first lieutenant thereof in 1864, and after the 
 surrender of General Lee, he went to St. Augustine, 
 Florida, where he served as quartermaster general 
 until 1869, at which time he accompanied his regiment 
 to Fort Steele, Wyoming, where it was engaged in 
 construction work and in guarding the Union Pacific 
 Railroad, then in construction. Captain Logan moved 
 on to Fort Beaufort, North Dakota, in 1870, remaining 
 at that station until 1872, which was the year of his 
 advent in Montana, and here he was one of the number 
 to take part in the Yellowstone e.xpedition. Being still 
 in the military deitartment of the United States service. 
 Captain Logan was called upon to show his mettle in 
 conflict with the Indians, taking part in Baker's fight, 
 near Billings, and was officer of the guard on the night 
 when the attack was made by tbe hostile Sioux, at 
 that time receiving honorable mention for effective 
 service. From 1872 to 1876 he was stationed at Fort 
 Shaw, doing recruiting service at Dubuque, Iowa, during 
 the first two years of this time, and in 1875 he was com- 
 missioned captain. In the centennial year he rejoined his 
 regiment, was with General Gibbon in the Sioux cam- 
 paign, and was on the ground where Custer was_ killed 
 the day after that memorable disaster. Returning to 
 Fort Shaw, in the spring of 1877, he was removed to 
 Fort Missoula, then in course of construction, where he 
 remained until he was called forth to accompany Gen- 
 eral Gibbon on the expedition which culminated in 
 the battle of Rig Hole, August 9, 1877, where he met 
 his death at the hands of a vengeful squaw. His death 
 ended a career of signal honor and a valiant service of 
 bravery and gallantry, when he was on the road to fur- 
 ther promotion. His death was a distinct loss to the 
 United States army, and it was deeply mourned not 
 only by his companions in arms but also by a very wide 
 circle of devoted friends. His remains now repose in 
 the national cemetery on the Custer battlefield, having 
 been removed to that sepulcher in 1882. 
 
 Captain Logan was married in Texas, in 1854, to 
 Miss Odelia Furlong, a native of the famous old city of 
 Strasburg, Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, whence she came 
 to the United States, the family settling in Texas. 
 To Captain and Mrs. Logan were born thirteen chil- 
 dren; four sons and three daughters are now living; 
 'William R., now dead, was a resident of Helena; 
 Frances, wife of Brigadier General Comba, of the 
 Fifth United States Infantry, at Fort Sheridan, Illi- 
 nois; Thomas A., late of the Washington Infantry, and 
 who was in active service in Manila, now dead; Maggie, 
 wife of Maj. J. T. VanOrsdale, now at Fort Davis, 
 near Ft. McPherson, Georgia, with the Seventh United 
 States Infantry; Sidney M. ; Katherine, the wife of J. 
 W. Luke, of Helena ; and Archie, who served as second 
 lieutenant in the First Montana Regiment in the Philip- 
 pines, and now living in Seattle, Washington. 
 
 A historian, in reviewing the career of Captain Logan, 
 narrated the following: “A sketch of the life of Cap- 
 
 tain Logan would not be complete without at least a 
 passing reference to a romantic incident following his 
 death at Big Hole. Captain Logan was descended from 
 a Scotch family, one of his anceetors being the Bruce. 
 Those familiar with the history of Scotland will recall 
 the ambition of the Bruce to visit the holy lands, his 
 death with that ambition unrealized, his request of the 
 Douglas that, since fate had debarred him from the 
 realization of his most cherished desire, the latter carry 
 his heart to the scene of the crucifixion; how the 
 Douglas, complying with the dying request of his 
 chief, placed the heart in a silver casket and how sub- 
 sequently, in a battle with the Saracens, he cast the 
 casket into the thick of the fight, crying : ‘Go first, 
 brave heart, in battle, as thou were wont to do, and 
 Douglas will follow thee ;’ how the heart and casket 
 were subsequently recovered, pierced with a barbarian 
 spear, and how the ‘bleeding heart’ has ever since been 
 
 a part and parcel of Scottish history and tradition. In 
 that battle were two brothers of the name of Logan 
 (originally Lagan, meaning a low place), Walter and 
 Robert. One of them was killed in battle and the other 
 subsequently married a daughter of Robert Bruce and 
 granddaughter of the Bruce. From that time the Logan 
 crest has been a heart pierced by a passion nail sur- 
 rounded by a belt bearing the inscription In hoc 
 majorum virtus. When William Logan started on his 
 journey to America, his father gave him a seal ring 
 which had been in the family for many generations. The 
 seal was the family crest engraved and enamelled on 
 a violet colored stone. During Logan's residence in 
 Florida ’he became worshipful master of the Masonic 
 lodge and when he moved north he was presented by 
 his Masonic friends with a plain band ring covered with 
 Masonic emblems in enamel. Both rings were on the 
 little finger of his left hand until after his death. 
 Captain Logan was killed very early in the Big Hole 
 engagement, and shortly after his death the troops were 
 driven back from the main battlefield to a timbered point, 
 the bodies of the slain thus being left in the possession 
 of the Indians. Captain Logan’s body was stripped 
 of its uniform, his scalp taken off, and the finger bear- 
 ing the two rings removed by the Indians. His widow 
 vainly endeavored for years to recover these rings, ad- 
 vertising in the Army and Navy Journal and in the ter- 
 ritorial newspapers. About three years after the fight a 
 Nez Perce Indian was killed near the international 
 boundary line by an Indian of another tribe, and the 
 ring was found on his body. It passed from hand to 
 hand until it finally came to the notice of ‘Billy’ Todd, 
 in Fort Benton, who recognized it as the one formerly 
 worn by his old friend. Captain Logan. He redeemed 
 it from the old trapper who had it and sent it to the 
 commanding officer at Cantonment Bad Lands on the 
 Missouri river. An officer was sent to deliver the ring 
 to Mrs. Logan at Helena, and since then the ring has 
 been worn by William R. Logan, oldest son of the 
 captain. 
 
 “For years no trace was had of the Masonic ring and 
 all hope of recovering it was given up by the family. 
 In 1900, however, nearly twenty-three years after the 
 fight, while William R. Logan was residing at the Black- 
 foot agency, a Piegan squaw entered his office to lay 
 before the agent one of the many grievances with which 
 the Indians are afflicted. On one of her fingers she 
 wore a band ring much worn, but still showing faintly 
 the outlines of many Masonic emblems. Mr. Logan 
 immediately recognized the ring as his father’s and 
 easily succeeded in purchasing it from the old squaw, 
 who gave this brief account of her connection with it: 
 A few months after the battle of Big Hole, a hunting 
 party of Blackfeet and Piegans encountered a party 
 of Nez Perces near the Cypress Hills in northern Mon- 
 tana and a brisk fight ensued in which a number of 
 Indians were killed on both sides. Among the fallen 
 Nez Perces was a buck who wore this ring. The finger 
 was removed, precisely as the corresponding finger was 
 removed from the lawful owner of the ring some time 
 before, and was worn by the victorious Piegan until 
 his death, when it came into the possession of his 
 squaw, who in turn sold it to Captain Logan’s son. So, 
 after a separation of twenty-three years, the rings 
 again rested side by side.’’ Mrs. Logan still survives 
 her husband and resides at Fort McPherson, Georgia. 
 
 Sidney M. Logan was three years of age when he 
 accompanied his parents to North Dakota, and was 
 ten years old when his father met his death. At that 
 time the children were taken by their mother to Helena, 
 she engaging in stock raising operations and^ laboring 
 bravely to keep her little flock together. Until he was 
 twenty years of age, Mr. Logan was connected with the 
 cattle industry, but subsequently entered the law offices 
 of Warn, Toole & Wallace, and in 1889 was admitted 
 to the bar of Montana. He started practice in Helena, 
 

 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1039 
 
 later went to Seattle and in 1891 came to Kalispell, 
 where he has since been engaged in practice, having a 
 large and representative following. In 1892 Mr. Logan 
 was assistant secretary of state, and from 1891 to 
 1896 served as county attorney of Flathead county. 
 He was elected the fifth mayor of Kalispell in 1902 
 From 1906 to the present time he has been connected 
 with the park commissioners, and it is due to_ his 
 efforts that Kalispell can boast of one of the finest 
 boulevard and park systems in the state. During his 
 administration as chief city executive, Mr. Logan was 
 largely instrumental in securing the Carnegie Library. 
 He is a stalwart Republican in his political views, while 
 his religious connection is with the Disciples church, 
 and fraternally he is connected with the Royal High- 
 landers and B. P. O. E., past E. R. of that order. 
 
 Mr. Logan was married June 25, 1890, at Helena, 
 Montana, to Miss Cleora Stout, daughter of R. P. and 
 Ella (Toole) Stout, and niece of ex-Governor Toole. 
 Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Logan ; 
 Cleora, born in 1892, at Helena, a graduate of the high 
 school of that city; Mary Luella, born in 1894, and now 
 attending the Kalispell high school ; Eula Odelia, born 
 in 1896, and now attending the Kalispell high school ; 
 Sidney M., Jr., born in 1S97, and now attending the 
 Kalispell high school; and William R., born in 1898 
 and now attending the high school of Kalispell. A 
 man thoroughly representative of the best type of 
 citizenship, and one whose earnest endeavors have re- 
 sulted in the founding and successful completion of a 
 number of movements calculate i to be of benefit to 
 his community, i\Ir. Logan commands the full respect 
 and confidence of his community, where he and his 
 family are widely and favorably known. 
 
 Noble M. Walker was born in Helena on August 
 20, 1872. The first eight years of his life were spent 
 in the Montana capital and then his parents moved to 
 Wisconsin. After a stay of less than two years 
 they returned to Montana, this time taking up their 
 residence in Butte. From here they went to Fort 
 Benton and then in 1883 came to Lewistown and have 
 since lived here continuously. Joseph C. Wall^er was 
 born in Springfield, raised in Iowa near Keokuk. He 
 first came to Montana from his home in Springfield, 
 Illinois, in 1863. Like most of the settlers who came 
 at that period, Mr. Walker engaged in mining but later 
 he went into the lumbering business. He was married 
 in Iowa to Miss Ruby A. Mason and they became the 
 parents of three children. The other son, Joseph 
 Walker, died in Lewistown where both the father and 
 mother ended their days. Mrs. Walker passed away in 
 1896 at the age of fifty-six, and her husband twelve years 
 later in his seventy-ninth year. Their one daughter, 
 Margaret, lives in Lewistown. 
 
 Noble Walker went to school in Helena and also in 
 Wisconsin. It was in the former place that he received 
 the most of his education, taking both a school and a 
 business college course. When he came to Lewistown 
 he began his apprenticeship in the hardware business. 
 He was with the Montana Hardware Company two 
 years before he came with his present company, and 
 his rise has been with the Judith Hardware Company. 
 Starting as a clerk he rose to the position of stock- 
 holder, officer and then manager of the company, which 
 position he still holds. It took him just six years to 
 climb this ladder, so that before he was thirty he was 
 at the head of one of the large concerns of the Judith 
 country. He was not altogether inexperienced in prac- 
 tical business, as he had been a stockman before coming 
 to Lewistown. Six years before he entered the employ 
 of the Judith Hardware Company he had earned his 
 first money herding cattle at the wages of $1.00 a day. 
 This was fair compensation for a boy of fifteen and 
 Mr. Walker studied the business from its foundation, 
 just as he did later in the hardware trade. The Judith 
 
 Hardware Company is an establishment which is known 
 throughout the Basin and indeed beyond its boundaries. 
 Mr. Walker has made his way to the top of this depart- 
 ment of the mercantile business by his own unaided 
 genius and the business has been the gainer by his 
 advancement. 
 
 Mr. Walker is affiliated with the Odd Fellows and 
 with the Woodmen of the World. He has filled all 
 the chairs in both lodges. Politically he is aligned with 
 the Republicans but is not active in politics. His re- 
 ligious preference is for the Episcopal church where he 
 and iHrs. Walker are interested attendants. 
 
 On August 26, 1898, Mr. Walker was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Jennie M. Harwood. The wedding was 
 celebrated in Fergus county at the home of the bride’s 
 sister, ?ilr. and Mrs. John Harwood, who are natives 
 of Wandena, Minnesota, and who are both dead. Three 
 children have been the issue of this union. Joseph Al- 
 bert and Judith Walker are attending school, while Alar- 
 jorie, the youngest, is not yet old enough to be a stu- 
 dent. Mr. Walker has an unusual fondness for music 
 in which Mrs. Walker shares. Both are great readers 
 and interested in educational matters. Mr. Walker is 
 a baseball enthusiast, being known as a fan and a 
 rooter. Mr. Walker belongs to the class of citizens who 
 make Montana the wonderful state it is and Lewistown 
 "the biggest little town’’ to be found in the whole forty- 
 five states. 
 
 Thomas L. Bateman, proprietor of the Ravalli-Poi- 
 son stage line, livery stables and Ravalli hotel, at Ravalli, 
 Montana, is a representative business man of this city 
 and is a man who not only has achieved his individual 
 success but has also public-spiritedly devoted himself 
 to the general welfare of his fellow citizens, and has 
 been foremost in advancing enterprises and improve- 
 ments which will prove of lasting benefit to the city, 
 county and state. He is, furthermore, a self-made man, 
 having been pushed out of the family nest at an early 
 age and compelled to seek his living and advancement 
 as best he could. From the first he was possessed 
 of ambition and a determination to forge ahead and 
 it may truly be said that his splendid success in life is 
 the direct result of his own well applied endeavors. 
 
 At Salt Lake City, LTtah, September 26, i860, occurred 
 the birth of Thomas L. Bateman, who is a son of 
 William and Sarah Bateman, both of whom are now 
 deceased. The father passed to the life eternal in 1864, 
 at which time the subject of this review was a child 
 of but four years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Bateman were 
 pioneers in Utah, their old home having been in the 
 county of Novane, whence they emigrated west in the 
 year 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Bateman became the parents 
 of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters. 
 
 To the public schools of Salt Lake City and of Idaho 
 Thomas L. Bateman is indebted for his educational 
 training. He was eight years of age when the family 
 home was established in Idaho, where he continued to 
 reside for the next four years, at the expiration of 
 which he accompanied a brother to Montana, coming 
 hither with a freight team and arriving in Virginia 
 Citj' m 1872. Mr. Bateman has been a resident of 
 Montana during the long intervening years to the 
 present time, in 1912, a period of forty years. While 
 in Virginia City he and his brother followed the 
 freighting business for about one year and for twenty 
 years were engaged in the same line of enterprise be- 
 tween Corinne, Utah, and Butte, along the famous 
 freight road, making headquarters at various points 
 along the line. Their route was guided by the Utah 
 Northern Railroad which was being constructed about 
 that time. In 1893 iMi"- Bateman went to Dillon and 
 there started a blacksmith shop, which he ran for three 
 years, at the end of which he bought teams and went 
 into the railroad construction business, working for 
 a time at grading on the Northern Pacific Railroad. In 
 
1040 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1897 he went to Missoula, in the vicinity of which 
 place he followed farming and ranching for ten years. 
 In IQ08 he came to Ravalli and here engaged in the 
 hotel business, later buying out the state line which he 
 now operates in connection with the United States 
 mail between Ravalli and Poison. At Ronan, one of 
 the stations along his line, he runs a livery barn, which 
 is managed by one of his sons-in-law. He also has a 
 livery establishment at Ravalli and is one of the largest 
 operators in Missoula county, Ravalli being the prin- 
 cipal distributing point for Flathead reservation teams. 
 
 Mr. Bateman has been a hard, steady worker during 
 his entire life time and while he has met with no serious 
 reverses, each successive venture has driven him to 
 greater effort, and determination backed by confidence 
 has enabled him to achieve most noteworthy success. 
 In politics he is a stalwart Republican but he takes 
 no active interest in public affairs, except to vote for 
 men and measures he deems worthy of support. He 
 is affiliated with the Woodmen of the World and has 
 filled all the -official chairs of that organization. Mr. 
 Bateman is fond of hunting, fishing, baseball, theatricals, 
 music and good books. A peculiar thing about Mr. 
 Bateman's life is that, in spite of his many travels, 
 Montana is the only state in which he has ever been. 
 He has journeyed through Wyoming, Arizona, New 
 Mexico. Idaho, Utah, and Washington but only in 
 their territorial days. Mr. Bateman says it is not hard 
 to explain the good features of Montana. “It is a state 
 with a large and productive body back of it — everything 
 is real. The natural forces that are now developing 
 Montana will make it the biggest and best state in the 
 union. If you want to improve your condition, finan- 
 cially, physically or any other way, come to the Treasure 
 state and make it your home. Montana is the only 
 state that can verify the possibilities of financial inde- 
 pendence.” 
 
 At Dillon, Montana, December 25, 1881, Mr. Bateman 
 was united in marriage to Miss Margaret A. Fradsham, 
 of Utah. She is a woman of most fascinating perso- 
 nality and numbers among her friends Mrs. Gus Pelky, 
 the first white woman that came to Montana. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Bateman are the parents of six daughters, 
 all of whom are married and concerning whom the fol- 
 lowing brief data are here incorporated, Margaret is 
 the wife of P. C. Sparks and they reside at Missoula, 
 as does also Lydia, whose husband is Robert Ziesing; 
 Pearl married Joseph Flaskins, who is associated with 
 Mr. Bateman in the hotel business at Ravalli ; Gwendo- 
 line is the wife of John Laullin, who conducts the livery 
 and stage station at Ronan for Mr. Bateman ; Ora 
 married T. J. Torseth, who is an operator in the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad station at Ravalli; and Echo 
 is the wife of Archie Ashton and resides on a ranch. 
 All the daughters received good educational advantages 
 and are particularly proficient musicians, several of 
 them having been members of a Ladies' Band at Mis- 
 soula for a period of three years. 
 
 Mr. Bateman has lived a life of usefulness such as 
 few men know. God-fearing, law-abiding, progressive, 
 his life is as truly that of a Christian gentleman as any 
 man’s can well be. Unwaveringly, he has done the 
 right as he has interpreted it. Possessed of an inflexible 
 will, he is quietly persistent, always in command of his 
 powers, never showing anger uncler any circumstances. 
 He is a citizen whose loyalty and public spirit have 
 ever been of the most insistent order and he is a gentle- 
 man of whom any community may well be proud. 
 
 Emil Kluge, Sr. One of the prominent and well- 
 known citizens of Montana is Emil Kluge, Sr., state 
 secretary for the Masonic bodies of Montana and also 
 for those of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
 who first came to this state in 1873, and may therefore 
 be classed as one of its pioneers. 
 
 Mr Kluge was born in Prussia, Germany, March 28, 
 184s, and was educated in the public schools of the 
 Fatherland, famed for their thoroughness. It was his 
 lot to not only pass through the period of military 
 discipline required of the youth of Germany but to do 
 so in actual warfare, having served his country bravely 
 and with distinction in two wars — the first of which was 
 in 1866 between Prussia and Austria and resulted in 
 the expulsion of Austria from German affairs. The 
 second war (the Franco-German), under Prince Bis- 
 marck, the Iron Chancellor, was an almost unbroken 
 series of successes for the Germans. The only injury 
 suffered by Mr. Kluge in either of these conflicts was 
 the loss of part of one finger, which for a time incapac- 
 itated him from further military service and was sus- 
 tained in an engagement on August 18, 1870, at Centre 
 Private, France. His military service was in the 
 infantry. A year after leaving the army he came to the 
 United States and on July 2, 1871, reached Detroit, 
 Michigan, where he secured employment shortly after 
 his arrival and remained two years. Deciding to seek 
 his fortune in the west, he came to Montana, arriving 
 at Helena, then a wild western town, on May 3, 1873. 
 His first venture there was to engage in mining at which 
 he was not very successful, abandoning it shortly to take 
 up contracting, to which he gave his attention until 
 1876. After the massacre of General Custer and his 
 band of brave men on the Little Big Horn river in 
 Montana, on June 25th of that year, by the Sioux 
 Indians, Mr. Kluge joined a group of gold seekers 
 headed for the Black Hills. After an exciting trip across 
 the plains, always on the alert for bands of marauding 
 Indians, they reached their destination, and Mr. Kluge 
 immediately engaged in prospecting, but the district had 
 been largely overrated, and beyond a few small dis- 
 coveries of gold, their efforts were not rewarded. Hav- 
 ing left his family at Helena, he returned there and again 
 took up mining and prospecting with moderate success. 
 Later he resumed his former business of contracting, 
 which he followed until elected to his present position, 
 that of secretary of King Solomon’s Lodge No. 9, of 
 Masons, in 1892. This office he has now held continu- 
 ously for twenty years. He also officiates in a similar 
 capacity for the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, in 
 Montana. This prominent relation with two of the 
 oldest and strongest of fraternal orders has brought 
 him into close touch with the people of all parts of 
 Montana, to whom he is well known and with whom 
 he stands in the highest repute as a worthy represen- 
 tative of these great orders and as a citizen of unques- 
 tioned integrity and honor. 
 
 Mr. Kluge’s parents were both born in Prussia, Ger- 
 many, and spent their entire lives in their native land. 
 His father, Johannas Gotlieb Kluge, was born in 1797 
 and died in 1865. In 1813, when Prussia began with 
 fervor the German national war of liberation, Johannas 
 Gotlieb Kluge, then a lad of sixteen, with patriotic de- 
 votion to the Fatherland promptly entered the army and 
 served three years. Later in life he became a weaver 
 and a land owner in Prussia. The mother of our sub- 
 ject, who was Miss Christina Hertramph prior to her 
 marriage, was born in Prussia in 1808 and died there 
 in September, 1870. 
 
 The marriage of Emil Kluge occurred in Germany, in 
 1871, the year of his emigration to the United States. 
 Mrs. Kluge accompanied her husband to this country, 
 and died at Helena, Montana, in May, 1908. To this 
 union were born three sons, of whom Albert and 
 Richard both died at Helena, in 1877, and are buried 
 there. Emil Kluge, Jr., the eldest son, born in Detroit, 
 Michigan, in 1872, is now a successful commission mer- 
 chant at Hamilton, Montana. 
 
 Mr. Kluge is a Progressive in politics and in 1890 
 served one term as street commissioner of Helena. In 
 church faith and membership, he is a Lutheran. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1041 
 
 Jess C. Ricker. The pioneer miner of Montana, 
 Joshua Ricker, was born in Vermont on May 13, 1836. 
 His family had come from England in colonial times. 
 They had served in the colonial wars and in the Ameri- 
 can Revolution. Joshua lived in Vermont until the age 
 of fourteen, when his father, with John Hatch, and their 
 respective families, made the overland journey to Law- 
 rence, Kansas. Here the Hatch household located on a 
 farm and engaged in stock raising and general farm- 
 ing, although in those days Kansas was not among the 
 wheat producing areas of the country. In 1863 Joshua 
 Ricker, having heard of the gold discoveries in Mon- 
 tana, organized a party who made another overland 
 trip to the west and arrived in Virginia City, none the 
 worse for their hazardous journey. 
 
 In 1864 Mr. Ricker began placer mining in Last 
 Chance Gulch, and here he met with such success that 
 he was enabled to purchase claims of other prospectors, 
 and to put them into operation. Among the properties 
 which he owned and operated was the famous gold 
 mine known as No. 2, west of the Whitlatch Lode, 
 and situated about four miles south of Helena, at a 
 settlement called Unionville. This mine was one of the 
 great gold producers of the early days and it made 
 Mr. Ricker very wealthy. Mr. Ricker was one of the 
 first to utilize Montana as a field for cattle raising, and 
 his operations in this industry were extensive. His cat- 
 tle were known by his brand “73-” Li while 
 
 driving through the mountains, he was the victim of a 
 serious accident, which resulted in a permanent injury, 
 and was the direct cause of his death three years later. 
 In 1873 he sold his mining properties and retired from ; 
 active participation in business. His judgment in finan-/ 
 cial matters was almost infallible and thoroughness 
 characterized his performance of all he undertook. His 
 private life was spotless, and his habits exemplary. He 
 was a member of the Episcopal church and a devout 
 attendant upon its services. His disposition was retir-! 
 ing, and he never sought public office of any sort. His' 
 death occurred on June i, 1875, while on a visit to Salt 
 Lake City. He is buried in Helena, where his wife and 
 four children now reside, and where he had acquired 
 the large estate which he bequeathed to them. 
 
 Martha Hatch Ricker, his widow, was born in Ver- 
 mont, and was the companion of his childhood and his 
 sweetheart of early school days. Her mother was a 
 niece of Ethan Allen, and among her relatives were 
 many early settlers of America and soldiers in the 
 Revolution, besides the celebrated Paul Jones. Her 
 marriage to Mr. Ricker occurred at Lawrence, Kansas, 
 and their eldest child, Ernie, was born in that college 
 town. She is now the wife of Dr. C. D. Dodge, of 
 Helena. Alice M. Ricker was born in Unionville, 
 Montana. Her husband, George O. Ereenian is receiver 
 in the United States land office. The other daughter 
 is Mrs. Arthur "W. Ide, Mr. Ide being a real estate 
 dealer and insurance agent. 
 
 The son, Jess C. Ricker, the youngest of the family, 
 was born in Helena, February 20, 1873, and received 
 his schooling in the public schools of Manchester, New 
 Hampshire, and Helena, Montana, and private insti- 
 tutions of Helena. After leaving school he entered the 
 office of Schaffer & Stranahan, architects and builders, 
 and served a three years’ apprenticeship in architecture. 
 After that he spent a year as bookkeeper for William 
 Muth, but while there, was appointed assistant city 
 treasurer in 1893, and served a year in that capacity. 
 He was then appointed deputy clerk of the district 
 court, and in 1895, upon the resignation of John Bean, 
 was made clerk of the same court, filling the office to 
 the completion of the term. 
 
 Mr. Ricker left Helena in 1897 and removed to 
 Havre, Montana. Here he became bookkeeper for the 
 Broadwater-Pepin Company, and at the same time filled 
 the office of postmaster. He remained in Havre for 
 six years, and in 1904 returned to Helena, first adding 
 
 to his public services in the city of his sojourn by being 
 city treasurer. In 1905 Mr. Ricker and Mr. Muth, his 
 former employer, formed a partnership and established 
 the Montana Audit Company. The business is that of- 
 accounting, examining of title and kindred matters. 
 The partnership continued until 1910, when Mr. Muth 
 withdrew, and since then Mr. Ricker has been the sole 
 owner of the company. In addition to this he has in- 
 vestments in several mining properties and in a number 
 of commercial enterprises.’ 
 
 Politically Mr. Ricker is aligned with the Republicans, 
 although he does not participate in the game of politics. 
 In fact, his home and his business claim all his interest. 
 Though a member of the Masonic order, affiliating with 
 Morning Star lodge and having taken the thirty-second 
 degree, he is not at all given to clubs or pleasures out- 
 side his home. His principal diversion is an annual trip 
 to the Pacific coast with his family. This consists of 
 his wife, Lalla McComas Ricker, and their two sons. 
 Jack W. Ricker, born in Helena December 13, 1901, and 
 Robert Bruce Ricker, born April 7, 1906. Though 
 averse to clubs, Mr. Ricker maintains his member- 
 ship in the Sons and Daughters of Montana Pioneers, 
 as one of his ancestry could not but be in favor of any 
 measure which should keep alive the memory of those 
 who carved our nation from the raw wilderness. In 
 this enthusiasm Mrs. Ricker shares, for her father, like 
 his own, was one of the early settlers of Montana, who 
 bore an honorable part in its history as a frontier com- 
 monwealth. 
 
 Edward Horsky, former mayor of Helena, is a native 
 of Helena and the son of one of its most prominent and 
 active men, who a few years ago was one of Montana’s 
 leading Republicans, as the subject is today one of the 
 most influential in the state. Mr. Horsky is a lawyer 
 by profession and he is generally recognized as one of 
 the best equipped attorneys in a city whose legal profes- 
 sion is a matter of pride. 
 
 The date upon which Mayor Horsky’s life record be- 
 gan was June 12, 1873. His father John Horsky, was 
 a native of Austria, born May 15, 1838. The elder 
 gentleman came to America in 1855, and spent nine years 
 in Iowa and Nebraska. In 1864 he came from Omaha, 
 via the Big Horn river, locating in Virginia City, where 
 he lived one year and then removed to Helena, where 
 he was to make his permanent home and become a force 
 in its development. He was one of Virginia City’s first 
 settlers and engaged in prospecting and mining. In 
 1865 he founded the Helena Brewery and conducted 
 that industry until 1891, since which time he has lived 
 virtually retired from business. He was prominent in 
 public life; was elected one of the first aldermen after 
 the incorporation of the city, serving two terms, and 
 was sent as representative to the First, Second and 
 Fourth legislatures of the new state of Montana. He 
 served two terms as county commissioner and at one 
 time was receiver of the United States land office. He 
 has always been a leader in civic and other affairs; is 
 a staunch Republican, as mentioned, and has belonged 
 to the Masonic bodies since the early ’70s. He has 
 witnessed the marvellous development of Helena since 
 his arrival and has had the pleasure of contributing to 
 it in several ways. In 1884 he erected the Horsky 
 building, one of the first office buildings in the city, 
 the same being located at the northeast corner of Main 
 and Sixth streets. He has been very active in the field 
 of mining, but has never been very successful. The 
 elder Mr. Horsky was married on December i, 1869, 
 Louise Seykora, also of Austria, becoming his wife, 
 and their union was celebrated in Brooklyn, Iowa. The 
 three children born to this happy union are : Rudolph, 
 a physician of this city; Edward, the immediate subject 
 of the review; and John, Jr., who is engaged in the 
 drug business in Helena. 
 
 Edward Horsky was educated in the public schools of 
 
1042 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Helena, including two years in the Helena high school, 
 and in the Central high school of Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
 vania, from which he was graduated in June, 1890. Up- 
 ,on leaving school he concluded to adopt the medical 
 profession as his own, and spent one year in study in 
 a physician’s office in this city, which he followed with 
 one year’s practical work in Bellevue Hospital Medical 
 College in New York City. Upon his return home in 
 the spring of 1892 he was appointed to a government 
 position in the office of the calculation clerk, and after 
 tilling this for more than a year, resigned to take up 
 the study of law, which he found on maturer reflection 
 he preferred to medicine. He secured his professional 
 training in the law department of the University of 
 Michigan, was graduated on June i, 1895, and admitted 
 at once to practice before the state supreme court of 
 Michigan. He immediately returned to Helena, and in 
 October, 1895, was admitted to practice in this state, 
 and entered upon his career in May, 1896. He prac- 
 ticed alone until 1897, ^ind in August, 1897, became as- 
 sociated with Judge J. B. Clayberg, which partnership 
 continued successfully until 1901, since which time Mr. 
 Horsky has been alone. 
 
 He was soon recognized as of the right material for 
 public office and was appointed city attorney in May, 
 189S. He served until 1904 and upon resigning, was 
 again appointed to the office, the latter appointment 
 beiiip" in May, 1908. He then served until August, 1911, 
 when he was elected by the council to succeed Mayor 
 F. J. Edwards, who had resigned. He served the nine 
 months remaining of that term and declined to become 
 a candidate for re-election. He was, for eleven years, 
 chairman of the Republican city central committee, and 
 served a number of years on the county central com- 
 mittee. 
 
 Mr. Horsky has a number of pleasant fraternal re- 
 lations. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a 
 member of the Mystic Shrine, and is also affiliated with 
 the Woodmen of the World and the Sons of Hermann. 
 He is a prominent club and society man, belonging to 
 the Montana Club, the Silver Bow Club, the Lambs’ 
 Club, and to the Greek letter fraternity. Delta Chi. He 
 also is connected with the Sons and Daughters of the 
 Montana Pioneers, having served as president of the 
 same and was active in its organization. He is also a 
 member of those organizations whose object is the 
 advancement and unification of the profession — the 
 Montana State Bar Association and the Lewis and 
 Clark Bar Association. His offices are in the Horsky 
 block. 
 
 Mr. Horsky has not yet become a recruit to the 
 Benedicts and resides at home with his parents. 
 
 Dr. William C. Orr. A native son whom Beaver- 
 head county is indeed proud to claim is Dr. William 
 C. Orr, veterinary surgeon and deputy state veterinary 
 for the state of Montana. He is not only one of the 
 leading members of his profession in the west, but 
 has many other interests of broad scope and importance 
 and is distinguished as one of the most loyal and en- 
 thusiastic of Montanians. 
 
 Dr. Orr was born in Beaverhead county, Montana, 
 July 7, 1873, and with the exception of three years dur- 
 ing which he was veterinary in charge of the Marcus 
 Daly ranch near Hamilton, Montana, and the period of 
 his education, he has spent his entire life in Dillon. He 
 received his elementary education in the public schools 
 of this place, which he followed with one year of the 
 classical course of the University of Nevada. He then 
 completed a course in veterinary training in the veteri- 
 nary college at Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and received 
 his degree from that institution. He then came back 
 to Dillon to practice and his success has been continual. 
 
 In connection with his practice he conducts the Cen- 
 tral Livery and Feed business. He is also extensively 
 interested in the famous Poindexter and Orr ranch. 
 
 which is one of the largest and best equipped ranches 
 in all Montana, comprising 18,000 acres of deeded land 
 and 13,000 leased acres. He figures further in the af- 
 fairs of this giant concern as one of the executive heads 
 and director of the Poindexter and Orr Live Stock 
 Company. 
 
 Dr. Orr is a staunch and stalwart Democrat and has 
 always taken an active interest in politics and when 
 called upon to assume public responsibility has always 
 accomplished his duties with great credit. He at pres- 
 ent holds the office of county commissioner and upon 
 previous occasions has been a member of the school 
 board and city councilman. With him patriotism is not 
 a mere rhetorical expression, and he stands for the 
 ideal type of the plucky, level-headed, prosperous and 
 all-round useful citizen of the west. Upon his father’s 
 ranch, with its manifold channels for usefulness, he 
 learned his first lessons in usefulness and thrift and 
 there experienced the “fine, dizzy, muddle-headed joy” 
 of earning his first money. 
 
 Dr. Orr and his wife and elder daughter are com- 
 municants of the Episcopal church and the latter are 
 very active in assisting in its campaign for good. The 
 doctor is a member of the various Masonic bodies from 
 the blue lodge to the Shrine. He is extremely fond 
 of hunting and fishing and has a number of trophies 
 secured while on hunting excursions which attest elo- 
 quently to his prowess as a Nimrod. He also finds 
 great recreation in driving and automobiling and has 
 his own private car. He keeps in touch with the best 
 literature of the day. 
 
 At Salt Lake City, Utah, on April 7, 1894, Dr. Orr 
 was united in the bonds of matrimony to Aura Cum- 
 mings, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Alva Cummings of 
 that city. Two children, both daughters, have been born 
 into their attractive and hospitable household. Ruth, 
 born February 17, 1895, finished the common school 
 of Dillon, then studied two years at Brumot Hall, 
 Spokane, and is now attending the Dillon high school. 
 Margaret Gordon was born December 10, 1906, and is 
 the baby. 
 
 Dr. Orr is of Irish extraction, his father, William 
 C. Orr, having been born in Ireland. He came to Amer- 
 ica with his parents when four years of age and set- 
 tled in Montana in the pioneer days, following mining 
 and ranching and becoming a very prominent citizen. 
 He was an exceedingly prominent Mason and served 
 at one time as commissioner of Beaverhead county. 
 He is now deceased, but the memory of his public-spir- 
 ited activities remains green. The mother, Rachel M. 
 Orr, was a native of Ohio and in the Buckeye state 
 these worthy people were united in marriage. They 
 began their married life in California, but soon came 
 overland to Montana and settled in Beaverhead county. 
 The mother was greatly interested in Eastern Star work 
 and was a lady of most charitable nature, her sin- 
 cerest pleasure lying in the assistance of those less 
 fortunate than herself. She too is deceased and the 
 remains of her and her life companion are interred side 
 by side in Dillon. They were the parents of six chil- 
 dren, the subject of the sketch being their third child. 
 The other five are all brothers and all reside in Mon- 
 tana. Mathew Orr is married and resides in Dillon ; 
 he established the first electric plant here and is now 
 in the automobile business. Ernest Orr is married and 
 a resident of Dillon, his occupation being that of man- 
 ager of the Poindexter & Orr Live Stock Company, 
 Charles B. Orr is unmarried and lives in Dillon and is 
 manager of the famous Poindexter and Orr Ranch. Bert 
 H. Orr is a married man and also lives in Dillon and has 
 charge of the cattle interests of the Poindexter dnd Orr 
 Company. John T. Orr, a citizen of Dillon and not yet 
 a Benedict, has charge of the garage here, the same 
 being a large, well-equipped and thoroughly up-to-date 
 concern. 
 
 It would be impossible to find a more loyal and en- 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANx\ 
 
 1043 
 
 thusiastic Montanian than Dr. Orr, the immediate sub- 
 ject of this brief review. He is an ardent worker for 
 the upbuilding of Dillon and never misses an opportu- 
 nity to speak and act for the attainment of its welfare. 
 He is known for his fair dealing and is held in high 
 regard by all with whom he comes in contact. It is 
 indeed a pleasure to the publishers to incorporate the 
 biography of so good a citizen in a work of this na- 
 ture. 
 
 Lionel E. Manning. “The Bitter Root valley is the 
 Eden of the northwest, and the climate is the finest.” 
 Such is the sentiment displayed on the business card of 
 Lionel E. Manning, of Stevensville, and is fully illus- 
 trative of the faith and confidence in which he holds his 
 adopted community, v/here for many years he has been 
 engaged in the real estate and loan business. He has 
 also identified himself with stock raising and ranch- 
 ing, and is well known in public and social life, and 
 merits in the fullest degree the respect and esteem of 
 his community. Mr. Manning is an Englishman, hav- 
 ing been born in the city of London, February ii, 1848. 
 He was educated in Willisden College, but in 1866 left 
 that institution before his graduation, having been 
 called home during the last illness of his father. He 
 then studied law for two years, but gave up the cap 
 and gown to take up the sword, and remained for 
 three years in the Home Service of the English army. 
 In 1872 Mr. Manning immigrated to the United States, 
 and after eighteen months in New York City, came to 
 Montana, where he was appointed sub agent at the 
 Flathead Indian reservation. One year later he went 
 to Helena and found employment with the Murphy Neal 
 Commercial Company, the largest concern in tbe north- 
 west, as bookkeeper and cashier. He was at Helena 
 several months, and then went to a branch store at 
 Fort Benton, but after six months was transferred to 
 another branch at Fort McCloud. Subsequently be- 
 coming a partner in the business, he continued therein 
 for three years, then selling his interest and going to 
 Butte to take charge of the large store of John Caplica 
 & Company. In 1885 Mr. Manning came to the Bitter 
 Root Valley to engage in farming and stock raising, 
 with which he was connected until 1910, that year com- 
 ing to Stevensville. He disposed of his ranch at a good 
 profit and engaged in the realty business, and now has 
 lots, blocks and acreage for sale, making a specialty of 
 orchard and farm land, and makes investments for non- 
 residents. He owns considerable city property, and is 
 considered one of Stevensville’s most substantial men. 
 He is a master Mason and takes a great deal of interest 
 in the work of the organization. 
 
 Mr. Manning was married to Miss Annie Curnock, 
 of England, who died April 8, 1905, and was buried 
 in Maplewood cemetery, Stevensville. They had ten 
 children, of whom six are living, as follows : Lionel 
 E., Jr., a capitalist of Stevensville; Maud, who married 
 William E. Cannon, of this city; Isabella, who married 
 Frank West, of Stevensville; Ralph and Percy (twins), 
 who are engaged in ranching in the Flathead country ; 
 and Gladys, who married George Hall, of Helena. 
 
 Mr. Manning now occupies apartments in Stevens- 
 ville, as his children, to all whom he gave good educa- 
 tional advantages, have scattered and are ably filling 
 the positions in life to which they have been called. 
 He is known as a genial, courteous gentleman, fond of 
 entertaining his friends and with a wide range of 
 anecdote and the abilitv to tell a story well, and, what 
 is rarer, perhaps, of being able to appreciate a good 
 story. He has a valuable library in which are the works 
 of the great authors, and many hours are spent by Mr. 
 Manning in the perusal of his favorite books. A man 
 of sound principles and judgment, well balanced in 
 business matters, Mr. Manning is fully alive to all real 
 issues of the day, and as one of the men to whom the 
 voL n— la 
 
 city owes its growth and development commands the 
 esteem and respect of his fellow citizens. 
 
 F. H. Mayn. With the exception of one year F. H. 
 Mayn has resided in Montana, but since it was the first 
 j’ear of his life which was spent amid scenes other than 
 those of “The Land of Opportunity” and the greater 
 part of it was devoted to slumber, he does not regret 
 it as much as he might otherwise. He fully recognizes 
 the many advantages of this section and his emotions 
 are those of the great English poet who wrote, 
 “Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay.” 
 Mr. Mayn holds the office of clerk of the district court, 
 having been elected to succeed himself November 5, 
 1912, and is also United States commissioner for the 
 district of Montana and president of the Smith River 
 valley chamber of commerce. He is one of the county’s 
 leading Republicans, nor is his loyalty of a passive 
 character, being of the sort which finds expression quite 
 as much in deeds as in words. From his earliest vot- 
 ing days he has taken an active interest in politics and 
 is one of the fighters for the establishment of Republi- 
 can policies and principles. 
 
 Mr. Mayn was born in Franklin county, Missouri, 
 August 10, 1872. As before mentioned, when one year 
 old, Mr. Mayn’s parents removed to Montana, and 
 located at Diamond City, Meagher county, but subse- 
 quently came on to White Sulphur Springs. It was in 
 this place that Mr. Mayn secured his public school 
 education and here he earned his first money, his first 
 knowledge of the emotions of a capitalist coming when 
 he counted up his net profits after digging potatoes for 
 a period at a salarj^ of fifty cents per day. 
 
 At a very early age Mr. Mayn found it necessary to 
 face the problems of life seriously. His father died 
 when he was three years old and as soon as possible 
 he had to contribute towards the support of the family. 
 This he did willingly and doubtless these early experi- 
 ences had a large part in moulding a decidedly strong 
 and independent character. As he grew older he worked 
 on the range and at various light occupations and at 
 the age of about fifteen he “enlisted,” as he terms it, 
 as a printer’s devil in the office of the Rocky Mounfain 
 Husbandman at White Sulphur Springs. He remained 
 with this concern for twelve years and when he severed 
 his connection he was foreman. The Husbandman moved 
 away at that time and he then became connected with 
 other papers, only giving up the work when elected 
 clerk of court. It has been said that a few years in a 
 printing office are worth more than a liberal education 
 and Mr. Mayn has again proved the truth of this, being 
 a man of wide information. 
 
 Mr. Mayn has for more than a decade been actively 
 connected with public affairs. He served for nine years 
 as alderman and his other offices have been previously 
 mentioned. To all of them he has brought the most 
 enlightened efforts and personal advantage has never 
 blinded him to the best interests of the people whom 
 he is serving. 
 
 Mr. Mayn belongs to the “Big Church,” but sympa- 
 thizes with and supports all of them. He is fond of 
 hunting, fishing and all diversions of the open and is 
 especially interested in theatricals, being a clever ama- 
 teur actor and having materially contributed to the 
 success of many local plays. His hobby as previously 
 hinted is Montana and he declares that although he 
 has traveled through many states, for climate and 
 opportunity Montana stands at the head of the list. 
 
 Mr. Mayn’s father, Henry Mayn, was born in Ger- 
 many, but severed old associations in the Fatherland 
 when a young man and located in Missouri. At the 
 outbreak of the Civil war, like s.o many young Ger- 
 man-American citizens, his sympathies were with the 
 Union, and he enlisted in Company G, Seventeenth 
 Missouri Volunteer Infantry and served throughout 
 
1044 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the conflict between the states. Few soldiers had as 
 active a service, for he participated in twenty-two bat- 
 tles, including that of Gettysburg. He was a farmer by 
 occupation and, as mentioned, he came to Montana in 
 the early ’70s. He was in the state but two years 
 when his death occurred, its date being December 
 9, 1875. The remains of this gallant soldier are in- 
 terred at Fort Logan in the soldiers’ cemetery. In 
 Missouri he married Louise Fuse, and when he brought 
 her here a young wife she was one of the first four 
 white women to settle in the Smith River valley. This 
 worthy lady resides in White Sulphur Springs with 
 her son, the subject of this review. Mr. Mayn has 
 an elder brother, Charles, who is married and resides 
 in Seattle. His younger sister, Emma, is the wife of 
 John L. Campbell, and lives at Kalispell. 
 
 Wellington Napton, the son of Hon. W. B. Napton 
 and Melinda Napton, was born in Saline county, Mis- 
 souri, on August 31, 1853. He received his early educa- 
 tional training in the common schools of Saline, after 
 which he was for two years a student in Westminster 
 College, which was followed by a like period in Wil- 
 liam Jewell College. This ample training was then 
 supplemented by private instruction at home under a 
 carefully chosen tutor, who devoted three years to the 
 preparation of his pupil in the general culture which 
 IS so essential to the best training in any special field 
 of study. Later Mr. Napton read law under the 
 tutelage of Judge W. W. Dixon, of Montana, having 
 come to this state in 1873. He returned to Missouri 
 and was admitted to the bar in 1878, and in 1880 made 
 his way back to Montana. A vacancy occurred on the 
 district bench in 1896, as a result of the election of 
 Mr. Brantley to the supreme court, and Mr. Napton 
 was appointed by Governor Smith to serve out the 
 unexpired term. At its close in 1900 he was elected 
 to that office for a term of four years. 
 
 Since leaving the bench Judge Napton has resumed 
 his private practice again, and is considered a good 
 lawyer. To an unusual ability in argument and a 
 comprehensive knowledge of the law, he adds the com- 
 pelling force of a strong character and the persuasive 
 power of an attractive personality. Admirably fitted 
 to share in his success is his wife, who was Kate Kelley, 
 a native of the state of Kansas, but of Virginia ances- 
 try. She is the daughter of Robert E. Kelley, who was 
 United States marshal of Montana during the first 
 administration of Grover Cleveland, and she has seen 
 something of pioneer conditions in this great state. 
 
 Mr. Napton is a member of the Masonic order. 
 
 George W. Peterson. For upwards of forty years a 
 resident of Montana and now one of the leading real 
 estate men of Anaconda, Mr. Peterson has had a 
 varied and successful career in business and is one 
 of the influential citizens of the state. 
 
 He is a native of Fremont, Nebraska, where he was 
 born on the 8th of June, 1871. When he was four 
 years old his parents settled at Warm Springs, Mon- 
 tana, where he spent the remaining days of his youth 
 on a farm and attended the public schools at Warm 
 Springs. His education was further perfected by one 
 year of study in a business college at Helena, at the 
 conclusion of which time he was ready for his prac- 
 tical career. When he was eighteen years old he leased 
 a farm near Warm Springs and spent two years in 
 agriculture. His next venture was in his present home 
 city of Anaconda, where in 1891 he became a clerk 
 for J. B. Gnose, the well-known merchant of this city, 
 with whom he remained five years. His capable serv- 
 ices were much appreciated by his employer, and dur- 
 ing that time he laid the basis of his business career. 
 In 1896, in partnership with his brother Charles, he 
 established a grocery business of his own, but sold out 
 after one year, and for two years was clerk for the Mc- 
 
 Callum Grocery Company. A bakery was his enter- 
 prise for the two succeeding years, and on selling this 
 he returned to his old employer, Mr. Gnose, who very 
 eagerly accepted his services for two years more. 
 
 Mr. Peterson was then elected to the office of asses- 
 sor, on the Republican ticket, which party he has con- 
 sistently supported ever since he became of age. His 
 services commended him so to the public that he was 
 re-elected in 1905. Before the expiration of this sec- 
 ond term he established himself in the real estate and 
 insurance business. After the first year he formed 
 a partnership with Mr. P. M. Sullivan, making the 
 present firm of Sullivan & Peterson, which has a very 
 large and profitable business. 
 
 Mr. Peterson is himself owner of considerable city 
 real estate, including an attractive home. During his 
 career in this city he has tyon the reputation of being 
 an honest and reliable business man and citizen, and 
 enjoys a large acquaintance and esteem among all 
 classes. Fraternally he affiliates with the Loyal Order 
 of Moose, in which he has served as prelate; the Mod- 
 ern Woodmen of America; and the Fraternal Union, 
 in which he has held all the offices. He was married 
 in 1893 to Miss Jennie Thompson, who is a native of 
 England. Mr. and Mrs. Peterson have two children, 
 Wilham S., attending high school, and Bernice. 
 
 Iilr. Peterson’s parents, who are living retired in 
 Anaconda, are Andrew and Margaret (Erickson) 
 Peterson, both of whom were born in Sweden. Their 
 ten children are as follows : George W. ; Alfred S., a 
 farmer at Race Track, this state; Charles E., of Ana- 
 conda; Emma S., who married J. A. McAllister and 
 died at Missoula; Mary, the wife of J. A. Danielson, 
 of Missoula; Henry E., who is a merchant of Spo- 
 kane, Washington; Julius A., a farmer at Warm 
 Springs ; Zelma, the wife of J. E. Bryson, of Ana- 
 conda ; Benjamin, a farmer at Warm Springs; Mar- 
 garet, the wife of Joseph Beck, also a farmer at Race 
 Track. 
 
 John PIorsky, Jr. Until very recently Montana’s 
 prominent business men have been for the most part 
 natives of some other state, but that is only because 
 the state was too young to have sons of proper age to 
 conduct her affairs. And now that she is of settled age, 
 though by no means too settled, she is proving that her 
 citizens are amply able and willing to continue the good 
 work which the pioneers began. John Horsky, Jr., is 
 an instance in point. His father, John, was one of the 
 earlier comers to this region. John Horsky, the son, 
 was born in Helena, on Sepember 26, 1874. He attended 
 the public schools here and left the high school at the 
 age of sixteen and took his first position. This was in 
 the line of work to which he has given his whole atten- 
 tion, as he worked for Mr. Frank C. Sutphen, a phar- 
 macist of Helena. The boy remained with Mr. Sutphen 
 until he was twenty-two years old. During this period 
 he entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy for 
 a short time and attended lectures there. He was 
 next associated with Mr. Emil Starz, whose store was 
 at 204 North Rodney street. Mr. Horsky remained 
 there for a period of two and a half years, then re- 
 signed his position and removed to Missoula. He did 
 not remain there for long, but left the metropolis of 
 the Bitter Root valley to return to Last Chance Gulch, 
 and at Helena took charge of the Parchen Drug Com- 
 pany’s Wholesale Department. Upon leaving this com- 
 pany Mr. Horsky went to Lewistown, and there again 
 entered into the retail drug business, but his failing health 
 made it necessary for him to give up his work there 
 and to return again to Helena. For two years he was- 
 again with the pharmacist with whom he began, Mr. 
 Sutphen, and then in June, 1906, went into the trade on 
 his own account. He secured the location formerly oc- 
 cupied by Emil Starz, and since then has ov/ned and 
 operated the place with notable success. The store 
 

 I 
 
 
 \ 
 
 f 
 
 7f 
 
 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1045 
 
 has always enjoyed a good trade, and has been known 
 as one which carries a first class stock, and since Mr. 
 Horsky has been in possession, its former reputation 
 has been even enhanced and the service made more 
 excellent. 
 
 In addition to his mercantile business, Mr. Horsky 
 is the owner of some coal properties in the Musselshell 
 district which are now in the process of development. 
 Though one of the younger commercial men of the city, 
 he is one who has an eye for large undertakings and 
 is considered one whose success is assured. 
 
 Mr. Horsky is not married, and so he has opportunity 
 to indulge the more in his fondness for all sorts of 
 out-door pursuits. He hunts, rides, fishes and goes to 
 ball games with zeal and frequency. He was one of 
 the organizers of the Helena Base Ball Club, and he is 
 still fond of the sport. Nor does he discriminate against 
 foot ball, but includes that in his approved diversions 
 as well. He is not active in politics, but is a Progressive 
 in matters of national policy. He gives his first consid- 
 eration to his business and it is evident that the business 
 responds to this attention. 
 
 Matthew Carey. Since 1909 Matthew Carey has 
 been a substantial and influential citizen of Virginia 
 City, where he is the present popular and efficient in- 
 cumbent of the office of clerk of the district court. Pie 
 has lived in Montana during the entire period of his 
 lifetime thus far and he is unusually loyal to this state, 
 her institutions and her many natural advantages. 
 
 Matthew Carey was born in Adobetown, a village 
 located two miles distant from Virginia City, Montana, 
 and the date of his birth was the i6th of August, 1874. 
 His father, Nicholas Carey, was born in Ireland and 
 immigrated to the United States as a youth of but fif- 
 teen years of age. He came to Montana in 1863, settling- 
 in Madison county, where he followed mining opera- 
 tions until 1869. From the latter year until his demise, 
 in August, 1905, at the age of seventy-two years, he 
 devoted his attention to the general merchandise busi- 
 ness. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Emer- 
 son, is still living and she maintains her home on a 
 ranch near Sheridan, in Madison county. The Carey 
 family consists of thirteen children, as follows, Mat- 
 thew, the immediate subject of this review; Mary, who 
 is the wife of William D. Hustead, resides in Virginia 
 City; Frank is married and lives in Sheridan, Montana; 
 Elizabeth Mahagin is deceased; John is unmarried and 
 is deputy clerk of court in Virginia City; and PCate, 
 Nicholas, Dora, Henry, William, Plugh, Fannie and 
 Stephen all reside with their mother on the home ranch. 
 
 To the public schools of Adobetown Matthew Carey 
 is indebted for his education. He earned his first money 
 as a boy herding horses for the Amsden & Brookman 
 Company and he followed that occupation for a period of 
 four years, at the expiration of which he entered the 
 employ of Henrr^ Elling & Company, a general mer- 
 chandise concern at Sheridan. In 1893 he engaged in 
 business on his own account at Sheridan but later went 
 to Butte, where he devoted some two years to various 
 occupations. In 1898 he went to Granite county, where 
 for the ensuing two years he worked along mining and 
 mercantile lines. He then returned to Butte and in 
 1904 located at Jeffers, in Madison count}^ there work- 
 ing for four years in a mercantile house and eventually 
 coming to Virginia City in 1908. His first position in 
 this place was as deputy clerk of court, in which ca- 
 pacity he served for one year. In igc^ he was elected 
 clerk of court, on the Democratic ticket, and he is 
 incumbent of that office at the present time, in 1912. 
 He manifests an active interest in politics as a stalwart 
 Democrat and is ever on the alert to advance the best 
 interests of the community in which he resides. 
 
 In a fraternal way Mr. Carey is affiliated with the 
 Fraternal Order of Eagles, in which he is junior past 
 worthy president, and he is likewise connected with the 
 
 Modern Woodmen of America. He is fond of riding 
 and driving horses and likes baseball games and all 
 kinds of athletic amusements. He is a man of sterling 
 integrity of character and is highly esteemed throughout 
 Virginia City and Madison county by reason of his 
 straightforward career and exemplary life. 
 
 In Bozeman, Montana, January 2, 1907, was celebrated 
 the marriage of Mr. Carey to Miss Helen Jeffers, a 
 daughter of J. B. and Susan Jeffers, residents of Jeffers, 
 Montana. Mr. and Mrs. Carey have three children, 
 whose names are here entered in respective order of 
 birth, Burton M., Ronald and Mary H. 
 
 George Dunlap. Along in the latter '8o's two young 
 men floated down the Missouri river from Helena, 
 Montana and landed at Great Falls, then a newly-opened 
 town, so new in fact that the grocery store which they 
 
 opened there in 1887 was the second store of its kind 
 
 in the place. The partners were George Dunlap and 
 George W. Arthur. That was just twenty-five years ago. 
 George Dunlap remains today the oldest and most 
 successful grocer of Great Falls, which from a village 
 of log cabins has in that quarter of a century grown 
 to be the second city in size in the state. That busi- 
 ness first housed in a log cabin and with a wheel bar- 
 row delivery, through the alertness and enterprise of 
 its owner has now grown to an establishment that would 
 do credit to a city of much larger size. With keen 
 
 foresight i\Ir. Dunlap realized the possibilities and 
 
 judged the future of the new town and with a never 
 failing courage, unswerving determination, and the 
 nerve to attempt he kept on his way and has been very 
 successful, ranking today as one of the wealthiest men 
 of Great Falls. To such sterling business men has 
 been due in no small measure the remarkable growth 
 of that city. 
 
 George Dunlap was born at Lockport, Niagara county,. 
 New York in January, 1853, and attended the public- 
 schools of his native city until about sixteen years of 
 age. In 1869, while still a youth, he began life for 
 himself at Detroit, IMichigan, where he remained five 
 years and from there went to Leavenworth, Kansas,, 
 where for five years he was employed in the lumber 
 business. Responding to the call of the farther west 
 he then came to Montana where for si.x years he was 
 in the employ of Haller Hardware Company, in Helena 
 and the following six years were spent in the service 
 of A. M. Holtes, working in his saw mills and assisting 
 in his store. It was at the close of this period that he 
 and Geo. W. Arthur left for Great Falls. There they 
 built a log house and in it opened a grocery store, from 
 which small beginning has developed the present com- 
 plete establishment and large business. The store re- 
 mained for fifteen years where first established on 
 Central avenue and then was removed to its present 
 location. Mr. Arthur subsequently sold out to D. R. 
 Mitchell, but Mr. Dunlap is now the sole owner of the 
 business. 
 
 His parents, George W. and Mary Dunlap, were both 
 born in New York and died in their native state, the fa- 
 ther, who was a dry-goods merchant, having passed away 
 in 1858 and the mother in 1897. Of their three children, 
 the subject of this review was the eldest. 
 
 At Great Falls, Montana, in 1897, Mr. Dunlap married 
 Miss Ida Dorn. Both are communicants of the Epis- 
 copal church. Mr. Dunlap is a member of the Mer- 
 chants’ Association of his city, and in politics is a Re- 
 publican. As a relief from business cares he takes 
 delight in hunting, fishing and in autoing. Mr. Dunlap 
 not only stands to the fore among the successful men 
 of Great Falls but is highly esteemed as a man of 
 sterling worth and as a citizen who has at heart the 
 prestige of both his city and state. 
 
 Mathew Dunn. The expression “Self iMade,” when 
 applied to the successful man of affairs of the big 
 
1046 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 northwest seems trite indeed. Scarcely has one in fifty 
 received material assistance from friend or relative. 
 Most of them, however, have had some inheritance, 
 some sacred memory /of childhood, the advice of 
 kindly parents or the aid of an education to help them 
 in the beginning of life's battle. Mathew Dunn, on 
 the other hand, knew nothing but sorrow and unkind- 
 ness from his earliest childhood until, master of his 
 own fate, he broke the only home ties that he had ever 
 known. Friendless, penniless and alone, he set forth, 
 not knowing the meaning of fear or failure. Through 
 all of his hardships, he never lowered his standard 
 of integrity and honor. He has built for himself a 
 competence that must be measured by pounds of ster- 
 ling and gold, but more than that, he has built him a 
 character measurable only in the hearts of those he 
 has loved with his true Irish tenderness, or aided 
 with his native generosity, 
 
 Mathew Dunn was born near Hamilton, Canada, on 
 the 19th day of May, 1850. His father, William Dunn, 
 a native of Ireland, came in 1842, to Canada, bringing 
 with him his wife and one child. In the autumn suc- 
 ceeding the birth of Mathew, they moved to Racine, 
 Wisconsin, where the father ended his days, at the 
 early age of fifty-five, passing away on the 7th day 
 of December, 1862. Mr. Dunn had never known 
 worldl}' success. Cramped and hampered by the hor- 
 rible poverty of Ireland, he reached out for a broader 
 life, but it remained for the next generation to dis- 
 cover the road that led thither. All of his energy 
 was consumed in the struggle to supply by his daily 
 labor the actual wants of his rapidly growing family. 
 His wife, Bridget Fogarty, came with him from the 
 Emerald Isle, bringing the infant who had probably 
 inspired the emigration. Seven children were born to 
 them before the mother’s untimely death on the 19th 
 of September, 1854. Four of the children yet remain, 
 three sons and a daughter. 
 
 After the demise of the mother until his own end, 
 
 the father made a pitiable effort to keep the little 
 
 family together. Upon his death, however, Mathew, 
 who was then in his eleventh year and strong and 
 active, was adopted into the family of James Crawford, 
 a farmer of Florence, Michigan. He attended the 
 rural schools and worked with his foster father on the 
 farm until he reached the age of eighteen. * His life 
 
 had been by no means an easy one, but he had done 
 
 what seemed to be his duty, asking for no holidays 
 or recreation. The summer of sixty-eight found him 
 doing a man’s work on the farm. Toward the close 
 of that season he made of Mr. Crawford an unusual 
 request, a day’s vacation, that he might attend a picnic 
 in the country side. His request was peremptorily 
 refused. This injustice roused his temper and the lad, 
 after fair warning, left Mr. Crawford’s house for- 
 ever. Doubtless he attended that picnic which, for- 
 tunately for him, became the first corner stone in his 
 life’s career. 
 
 A neighboring farmer, knowing his worth, was glad 
 to employ him at the usual wage of eighteen dollars 
 a month and board. As a farm laborer and lumber- 
 man in the woods of Michigan, he worked until 1874, 
 when with his small savings, he started for the West. 
 He left Michigan on the sixteenth of March, and 
 traveling west until he reached Helena, Montana, on 
 the loth of April, he then crossed through Montana 
 from Helena to the Sun river, and there secured a 
 position as a ranchman, feeding and herding cattle. 
 Two years later he began raising cattle for himself which 
 he followed for five years. In the winter of eighty- 
 one he returned to Michigan for a visit. In March, 
 1882, in Blackfoot county, Idaho, he purchased four 
 hundred head of cattle which he drove to Fort Mc- 
 Cloud, Alberta, where he managed the beef contract 
 for Captain Stewart R. S. Ford of Great Falls, as well 
 as his own interests. The contract concerned the 
 
 meat supply of the Indians who were in the charge of 
 the Canadian government. 
 
 In October, 1883, he sold his stock and returned by 
 way of Montana, to California. In the spring of 1884 
 he returned to Alberta, and on the 4th day of Feb- 
 ruary, 1885, at Collingswood, Ontario, he was united 
 in marriage to Miss Barbara Elizabeth Brown. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Dunn then made an extended trip through 
 the central portion of the United States, stopping in 
 Illinois, Michigan and Texas, and returning to Cal- 
 gar}’, Canada, where they intended making their home. 
 Here he formed a partnership with John Lineham in 
 the wholesale cattle business. They purchased their 
 stock in Texas and other markets in the United States 
 and shipped them to western Canada. This business 
 laid the foundation of Mr. Dunn’s future fortune. Two 
 years later he sold his interest in the company at a 
 large profit and moved his family to Fresno, California, 
 situated in what is now the greatest grape producing 
 district in the United States. Mr. Dunn then realized 
 his possibilities, and together with his brother, Thomas 
 Dunn, and with a Mr. A. J. Samuels, he entered into 
 the real estate business in California. In April, 1888, 
 he disposed of this partnership and made a small 
 investment in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. On the 
 15th day of June of the same year, he came to Great 
 Falls, Montana. On June the sixteenth, the following- 
 day, he purchased lot 13, block 313, of that city, 
 for the total consideration of $3,000. This is now 
 one of the principal blocks of the city, located on the 
 main street. After making this investment he began 
 work on the plans for the erection of a new office build- 
 ing to be erected on his lot, to be known as the Dunn 
 building. This was one of the first of the modern 
 office buildings of Great Falls. In the autumn of 1889, 
 he disposed of all his real estate in Calgary and in the 
 winter of the same year, upon his return to Great 
 Falls, he bought of James Perkins of Helena, lot 12, 
 block 313. This lot adjoined the one he had previously 
 purchased. On this he erected, during the following 
 spring, another office building which he joined to his 
 former block. He then formed a real estate company 
 consisting of Mr. Day Churchill, Mr. D. D. Lambie 
 and himself. In December of 1905, he became inter- 
 ested with Mr. Hoover in the development of the Yogo 
 sapphire mine. This mine was located in January, 
 1896, in Fergus county, Montana. Today it is owned 
 and operated by the London Sapphire Syndicate and 
 is acknowledged to be the finest mining property of 
 its nature in the United States. Mr. Dunn owned a 
 one-fourth interest in this property and was, at one 
 time, president and manager of the company, George 
 'WAlls being secretary and treasurer and H. H. Hob- 
 son, vice president. 
 
 Mr. Dunn is known throughout Montana. 'What 
 he has done for Great Falls, herself, can scarcely be 
 estimated but from the esteem in which he is held in 
 the home town, it is not unappreciated. 
 
 Politically, he is a Democratic partisan of the pro- 
 gressive type. In 1892 he leaned, on some issues, 
 strongly toward Populism, being elected to the seat 
 of city alderman on that ticket. He accepted the posi- 
 tion to make a fight for the city on the water question 
 and it was largely due to his influence and ability that 
 she came out the victor. For fourteen years he was 
 director of the Great Falls National Bank. _ Fie still 
 retains his presidency of the Black Jack Mining -Com- 
 pany at Carbon, Montana, now operating as one of the 
 state’s best properties. The only secret organization 
 that can claim him as a member is the Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 Mathew Dunn has had many and varied experiences 
 of interest, one of the most unusual of which was met 
 with during the “Reil” or Halfbreed war of Can- 
 ada. On a trip to Winnipeg, at the outbreak of trouble, 
 he volunteered his service as dispatch bearer for the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1047 
 
 Canadian government and took the contract to deliver 
 messages between Calgary and Edmonton, a distance 
 of some two hundred and twenty-eight miles. For this 
 purpose he employed four riders and arranged a relay 
 of twelve horses, the service lasting for fifty-four days. 
 The work was exciting and much to his liking, in addi- 
 tion to which he received as compensation from the 
 Canadian government fifty-five hundred dollars net, a 
 ratio of one hundred dollars per day. He also re- 
 ceived from the Canadian government credit for car- 
 rying out his contract to the letter. 
 
 The citizens of Great Falls still claim Mr. Dunn 
 and his family as residents of their city, although as 
 a matter of fact, they now reside most of the year in 
 San Diego, California. Edith M. Dunn, the daughter 
 born in Calgary, Canada, on the twenty-seventh day 
 of February, 1887, is now Mrs. George B. Keith of San 
 Diego. It is largely to be near this daughter that the 
 parents prefer the California home. The only son, 
 Henry Mathew Dunn, who will reach his majority on 
 Christmas eve of this year, 1912, is a student in the 
 Stanford University, California. The younger daugh- 
 ter, Josephine, was twelve years old on the ninth of 
 August. 
 
 Mr. Dunn himself transacts most of his own busi- 
 ness, though nominally retired. He has every appear- 
 ance of being in the prime of his manhood. 
 
 Lapeyre Brothers. One of the oldest business estab- 
 lishments of Great Falls and one that for more than a 
 quarter of a century has carried the confidence and 
 patronage of the best class of people in the city is that 
 of Lapeyre Brothers, pioneei druggists, who have car- 
 ried on their present business here since 1886. This 
 enterprise, started in a small way. has steadily grown 
 as the city has advanced, and at this time has a patron- 
 age that is excelled by no other retail pharmacy in the 
 state, and the prestige it enjoys has come as a direct 
 result of the enterprise, progressive ideas and business 
 ability of the founders and proprietors, Alexander R. 
 and Benjamin E. Lapeyre, men whose activities have 
 done much to develop the commercial interests of their 
 adopted city. 
 
 The Lapeyre brothers were born in St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri, Alexander R. on April 23, 1857, and Benjamin E. 
 January 13, 1861. Their parents, Alexander and Emelie 
 (Vigieur) Lapeyre, were natives of France, the mother 
 coming with her parents to St. Louis in 1832, and the 
 father locating in that city about the year 1848. Mr. 
 Lapeyre was a merchant, and during his residence in 
 St. Louis conducted a retail grocery business. His 
 death occurred in the Missouri metropolis May 27, 
 1884, his wife having passed away August 23, 1871. 
 Both the boys secured their education in the public 
 schools of St. Louis, after leaving which Benjamin E. 
 entered the St. Louis School of Pharmacy, while Alex- 
 ander R. made his way west, locating in 1874 in Helena, 
 Montana, where he found employment with the pioneer 
 drug firm of that city, Parchen & D'Acheul, with whom 
 he remained until 1886, the j'ear that he joined his 
 brother in Great Falls. Benjamin E. Lapeyre followed 
 his brother to Montana in 1878, first settling in Butte, 
 where he was employed in the branch store of Parchen 
 & D’Acheul, and after several years there removed 
 to Fort Benton, IMontana, there being employed in the 
 drug business by IM. A. Flanagan. He continued with 
 Mr. Flanagan until 1886, and then came to Great 
 Falls to assist his brother in founding the firm of 
 Lapeyre Brothers. 
 
 This firm makes a specialty of prescription work, and 
 the care used in compounding prescriptions and the use 
 of the selection, only of the very best drugs, herbs 
 and chemicals have gained in a marked degree the con- 
 fidence of the public. The Messrs, Lapeyre are Repub- 
 licans in their political views, and take an interest in the 
 public affairs of the day, although neither has cared 
 to hold office. Both are connected with the IMerchants' 
 
 Association and with Cascade Lodge No. 34, A. F. & 
 A. M., and Benjamin E. also holds membership in the 
 Elks and Woodmen of the World. They enjoy the 
 friendship of numerous prominent and influential citizens 
 in both business and social life and have so conducted 
 their affairs as to gain a wide-spread reputation for in- 
 tegrity and probity of character. The original location 
 of the firm in 1^6 was on Central avenue, between 
 Fourth and Fifth streets, but after one year these quar- 
 ters were found inadequate to the growing business 
 and removal was made to a larger store in the Vaughn 
 building, on Central, between Second and Third streets. 
 This was their location until September, 1890, at which 
 time they removed to their own building, on the south- 
 west corner of Central avenue and Third street, their 
 present location. 
 
 Bert G. Paige is the owner and proprietor of the 
 leading mercantile establishment in Twin Bridges, 
 which he has controlled since 1906, previous to that 
 time having been employed for a matter of two years 
 or more by the owners of the store, the original firm 
 being known as the Jefferson Valley Trading Company. 
 The firm is now, and has been since he took over the 
 stock and good will six years ago, the Bert G. Paige 
 Company, and the concern reflects in every way the high 
 character of the proprietor and his excellent business 
 ability. 
 
 A native of the state and county, born here on 
 December 18, 1874, Mr. Paige is a citizen of the truest 
 western spirit. He was educated in the public schools 
 of the town of Ruby and Twin Bridges, and following 
 his schooling here with a business college course in 
 Sedalia. ^Missouri, specializing in higher accounting. He 
 was graduated in each course and holds a diploma from 
 each department. As a boy Air. Paige assisted his father 
 on the ranch, but his first responsible position was when 
 he entered the employment of Wilcomb Brothers at 
 Laurin, in Madison county, and clerked in their store 
 for about two years. This was his first experience in 
 mercantile lines, and gave him an insight into the busi- 
 ness which won his interest and attention and he has 
 been identified with commercial enterprises continuously 
 since that time. After leaving Wilcomb Brothers Mr. 
 Paige became associated with Elling & Company at Sher- 
 idan. and continued with them in a clerical capacity for 
 five years, after which he came to Twin Bridges and en- 
 tering the employ of the Jefferson Valley Trading Com- 
 pany, continued in their service for two years. At the 
 end of that time, conditions being favorable, Mr. Paige 
 bought out the compan}', and thereafter has carried on 
 the business in his own name, and has enjoyed a liberal 
 measure of success in the enterprise. He has in the six 
 years of his proprietorship proved himself a capable 
 manager and a wise merchandiser, amply able to direct 
 every line of activity connected with the maintenance of 
 such an establishment, which under his management 
 has assumed the form of an up-to-date and comprehen- 
 sive department store. 
 
 Mr. Paige is the son of Samuel B. and Minerva 
 (Taylor) Paige. The father ivas born in New Hamp- 
 shire, and he came to IMontana in 1866. after the Civil 
 war, in which he served in a New Hampshire regi- 
 ment, and he saw much active service during the term 
 of his enlistment. He is one of the few Grand Army 
 men in the state of Montana today. Coming to Mon- 
 tana Mr. Paige crossed the plains with an ox team, 
 and he established one- of the first quartz mills in the 
 country. He settled in Madison county at the mouth 
 of Alder Gulch, and he resides there now. He has a 
 splendid stock ranch of more than six thousand acres, 
 and a fine home. Air. Pai.ge has never taken any active 
 part in the political life of the county, although he has 
 been honored with several important offices. He at 
 present holds a state office in the G. A.- R. and is head 
 of the local camp at Virginia City. He is also a prom- 
 
104 » 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 inent Odd Fellow. His wife was a native of Montana, 
 and they were married in Madison county. She died 
 in 1904 at the age of fifty-eight. They were the par- 
 ents of ten children, Bert G. being the third born and 
 the eldest son. Three of the number are deceased, the 
 seven remaining being as follows : Bert G? of this re- 
 view; Ida N., the wife of J: E. Shorten, living at Salt 
 Lake City; Oscar S., married and living on the ranch 
 with his father, whom he assists with the business ; 
 Wilbur L., unmarried, also living at home, as is also 
 Warner L. ; Charles A. is married and lives in Salt 
 Lake City ; Henry W., single and living at home. 
 
 Bert G. Paige is a member of the Masons and of the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, his wife is a 
 member of the Order of the Eastern Star. He is a 
 Democrat and is active in a political way, although he 
 has always declined to run for office of any kind. Mr. 
 Paige is an enthusiastic sportsman, and is devoted to 
 athletics of every kind, although not personally active. 
 He is a true son of Montana, and speaks in highest 
 terms of the opportunities and advantages of the great 
 western commonwealth. 
 
 On February 14, 1904, Mr. Paige was united in mar- 
 riage at Sheridan, Montana, to Miss Florence Mar- 
 shall, the daughter of Barney and Katherine Marshall, 
 a pioneer family of Sheridan. Two children were born 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Paige — Boynton S., now in school, 
 and Lowell M. 
 
 Peter Anderson, deceased, was born in Canada in 
 1853. Jirid was the son of Donald and Anna (Duer) 
 Anderson, both native born Scots, who settled in Que- 
 bec, Canada, and there reared a fine family of twelve 
 children. Peter Anderson was the eleventh born of 
 this goodly number, and he was raised on the home 
 farm, receiving such education as might be procured in 
 the common schools at that time. He was twenty-one 
 yprs of age when he left home in 1874, and he made 
 his way almost at once to Montana after arriving in 
 the United States. 
 
 As a boy at home Peter Anderson had learned the 
 trade of a blacksmith, it being the admirable custom in 
 tliose days to fit out a youth with either an education 
 or a trade. Thus young Anderson was amply able 
 to look out for himself in a new country, and for 
 ten years he conducted a blacksmith shop in Helena, then 
 coming to Lewistown, which was then a mere trading 
 post. He built a shop on the corner of Main and 
 Fourth streets, where the Phillips drug store now 
 stands, and his was the first smithy in the settlement. 
 For something like three years he plied a busy trade 
 at that place, then moved the shop back from the 
 main_ street, and continued to run the shop at the new 
 location until a year before his death. At that junc- 
 ture his health failed, and he was obliged to relin- 
 quish his business activities. In later years Mr. An- 
 derson conducted a wagon making shop in connection 
 with his black-smithing, and Paul Weydert, of whom 
 specific mention is made in other pages of this work, 
 had charge of the wagon shop end of the business. 
 They were both successful in their work, and Mr. An- 
 derson was especially well known in and about Lewis- 
 town as a master of his trade, and one in whom all con- 
 fidence might be reposed. He was a true pioneer, and 
 was a man held in the highest esteem because of the 
 many fine traits of character which marked him. 
 
 On January 25, 1881, Mr. Anderson married Miss 
 Flora Alunro, a daughter of Donald and Catherine 
 (McLennan) Munro. The father of Mrs. Anderson 
 was a Canadian, while the mother was born in Scot- 
 land. The father was a farmer and he died in his 
 Canadian home, while the mother still lives and makes 
 her home in Clenroy, Ontario, Of their nine children, 
 Mrs. Anderson was the second l)orn. Three children 
 were born to Mr. and Mrs. Anderson, of whom brief 
 mention is here made : Catherine married A. F. Elliot 
 
 and lives in Musselshell, Montana; Donald A. is a 
 resident of Lewistown ; and Jennie, the youngest of the 
 three, makes her home with her widowed mother. They 
 have a comfortable home in Lewistown in addition to 
 which they own two fine store buildings in the city, 
 which are the source of a considerable revenue to 
 them, and IMrs. Anderson and her daughter contribute 
 much to the social life of Lewistown, in which they have 
 a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, and where 
 they are accorded the most genuine regard. 
 
 Robert Pollock Hopkins and Olivia Hoffman 
 ( Graeter) Hopkins. One of the well known and 
 active business women of Silver Bow county, Mrs. 
 Olivia Hoffman Hopkins, nee Graeter, is the surviv- 
 ing head of one of the oldest families of Butte. She 
 is a graduate of the Western Reserve Union schools 
 of Warren, Trumbull county, Ohio, her native place, 
 graduating in 1867. 
 
 Frail and delicate, she came west for her health with 
 her brother, A. F. Graeter, now of Dillon, Montana, 
 and concerning her trip Mrs. Hopkins has written an 
 interesting article which is here reproduced in full, 
 being a particularly lucid and impressive story of the 
 many interesting features of a trip over the mountains 
 forty years ago. The article follows : “The trip was 
 made over the Union Pacific, via Denver and Cheyenne, 
 to Ogden, Utah. Where difficulty was experienced in 
 hauling the train over the grades, heavy engines were 
 added, one at each end, hauling and pushing, for the 
 snow was abundant and much fear was entertained of 
 becoming snowbound. On reaching the more western 
 limits of the journey, a few noticeable incidents added 
 much to the western air, and reminded one that he 
 was getting momentarily farther and farther away 
 from the centers of civilization. Here and there were 
 to be seen small groups of Indians, five or six' in a 
 band, crossing the country on their Indian ponies, while 
 rumor had it that they were painted for war and that 
 trouble was anticipated. But nothing came of it at the 
 time, and it is more likely that they were on one of 
 their hunting expeditions. While crossing the prairies 
 at several stations there were to be seen carcasses, 
 heads and hides of buffalo ready for shipment, presum- 
 ably obtained by hunters who were eager for big 
 game, or perhaps traded to them by Indians. To the 
 passengers on this novel trip, every digression with a 
 western air or flavor, grasped and enjoyed by them all, 
 had an awakening effect. 
 
 “A few hours out of Denver it was their good for- 
 tune to witness one of the most beautiful scenes ever 
 produced in nature. Apparently a chinook with light 
 rain had fallen during the previous day, with a sud- 
 den change or fall of temperature. This was an icy 
 cold morning, and stillness pervaded the entire region. 
 There were no houses, no fences, and with the excep- 
 tion of the train there were no signs of life anywhere 
 — only nature’s broad expanse of undulating landscape. 
 A beautiful dell with a small frozen stream winding 
 through and skirted along its banks by willows, formed 
 tbe center of a picture, and spreading over the land- 
 scape as far as eye could reach was bunch grass, 
 meadow grass and many larger plants beautifying and 
 breaking the monotony. Every leaf and spear of 
 grass, — every twig and every plant, incased in ice, 
 retained its perfect identical form, symmetry and 
 graceful bend. The sunlight falling obliquely from 
 the far east lighted up the scene as though with mil- 
 lions of brilliants, — an irridescence so complete that 
 with the beautiful dome above, the train was moving 
 through a grotto so divinely planned and executed by 
 the Infinite Hand as to beggar description, and any 
 one once imoressed by the picture could never again 
 forget the real essence of its infinite grandeur. It 
 passed all too quickly. 
 
■r T 
 
 \ 
 

 .f: 
 
 - IR. 
 
 :< 
 
 i 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1049 
 
 “Moving on with usual speed the train in time 
 arrived at Salt Lake, where Mrs. Hopkins and her 
 brother spent a day looking over that interesting city, 
 and making a few necessary purchases for the long 
 and tedious trip by coach. The following day the party 
 resumed its journey and on arriving at Ogden learned 
 that short stretch of narrow gauge railway had just 
 been completed for a distance of about twenty miles, 
 which it was necessary to make in order to catch the 
 next morning overland coach. Arriving at the termi- 
 nal after dark, they put up at the ‘hotel,’ the only 
 building in sight excepting a few huts. Their rooms 
 were reached by ladder-like steps, narrow and very- 
 steep. The inside doors and partitions were con- 
 structed of muslin, and for obvious reasons, no locks 
 were considered necessary. At least, there were none ; 
 but the rooms were dimly lighted by an oil lamp. 
 i\Irs. Hopkins was aroused at early dawn and after 
 breakfasting, made ready for the three hundred mile 
 trip in the four horse overland stage coach which was 
 well provided with buffalo robes, and stood ready to 
 receive its passengers. After donning her heavy wraps 
 and furs, she found all provision had been made for 
 her comfort, even to a warming pan, and last, but not 
 least, a pair of high top fur lined boots, provided by 
 her brother, who well knew the rigors of the strenuous 
 trip before them. She was the only^ woman passenger. 
 
 “Looking in the direction of the lonesome road there 
 was nothing to be seen but snow and the blue sky. 
 With a “Good Bye,” a loud crack of the whip and a 
 lurch of the coach and horses, they were fairly on 
 their way northward. In many places the roadway 
 was completely obliterated by the recent snowstorm 
 and the only guides to the right track were branches of 
 willows strewn alongside the roadway. Some of these 
 were snowed under, while others remained partially 
 above the snow to beckon them on through that deso- 
 late and bleak stretch of country, which made her 
 feel that she was very far away from home, and filled 
 her with an eagerness for the first glimpse of the next 
 station, which was always well timed for their ne.xt 
 meM and a fresh relay of horses. They reached Ban- 
 nacK on February i, 1871.” 
 
 It was at Bannack that Olivia Hoffman Graeter saw 
 and heard more of the so called “wild and woolly west,” 
 for the _ atmosphere of that particular time 'seemed 
 laden with terrible accounts of much that had trans- 
 pired by the unlawful, and the instantaneous work of 
 ^ the vigilantes in_ the protection of life and property, 
 with the restoration of law and order. In comparison 
 there seemed to be but little to be feared from the In- 
 dians. although the little fort on top of the mountain, 
 just back of their home, looked ominous and sugges- 
 tive. Bannack, originally the capital of the territory 
 of Montana, is located between two high mountains, 
 with but one well defined street — most of the traveled 
 ways being winding trails and footpaths. It was here 
 she met Robert Pollock Hopkins, a mine operator who 
 came from his native state of New York in the early 
 sixties, after he had served his country in the Civil 
 war, having been in the service during almost the 
 entire period of contention — and was always there- 
 after an active jnember of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic. • • 
 
 They were married in Warren, Trumbull county, 
 Ohio, January 28, 1874, and lived in Syracuse, New 
 York, for two years, when Mr. Hopkins returned to 
 Bannack to resume his mining operations, and to pre- 
 pare to build a home for themselves. After attending 
 the ^ Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Mrs. Hopkins followed him, arriving in July, 
 1876.^ The new home was almost ready for occupancy, 
 but it was not long to be enjoyed, for misfortunes, 
 trials and tribulations followed hard upon one another. 
 
 and considerable of frontier life was experienced in 
 the following two years. 
 
 In 1877, about August, a sharp battle was fought on 
 the Big Hole by General Gibbons with the Nez Perce 
 Indians, in which many were killed and wounded on 
 both sides. General Gibbons gave orders to his men 
 not to molest the squaws or papooses, but on re- 
 connoitering and seeing a squaw with hot irons pok- 
 ing or burning the eyes of a dead drummer boy, he 
 did not hesitate to change his command to “shoot and 
 kill everyone.” The Nez Perce Indians fled and Gen- 
 eral Gibbons, not knowing if they were heading for 
 the town of Bannack or for the ranches of Beaverhead 
 valley, immediately dispatched couriers to notify all 
 the ranchers and people they could find. The courier 
 on reaching the valley late in the evening made a sur- 
 vey of the country while on a high knoll to ascertain 
 if possible the whereabouts of the Indians, but could 
 see nothing. He continued on his way and when com- 
 ing down the hill, saw at a distance Indians at the big 
 gate w^aiting and courteously holding it open for him 
 to drive through. He took in the situation instantly: 
 the Indians had arrived before him. He quickly turned 
 and with the reins in his left hand and holding his 
 gun with his right hand under his left arm, pointing 
 it backward and shooting at random, made a wild 
 dash down the other side of the hill, over the bridge 
 and into the willows. The Indians gave a close chase, 
 but halted at the willows not daring or risking to fol- 
 low farther. The courier took off his boots to avoid 
 making a noise treading on the dry sticks, and waded 
 into and down the stream. — the only move he could 
 have made to save his life. The depredations that 
 night throughout the valley were terrible. One fam- 
 ily succeeded in making their escape by a swift drive 
 in a two horse wagon, the rattling noise of which they 
 feared would attract the attention of the Indians, but 
 they w^ere too busy on the ranches, a fact which en- 
 abled the refugees to drive into town safely, arriving 
 about midnight. A little earlier, in the little town of 
 Bannack, when all was hushed and still, there came a 
 most thunderous knocking at the door of every home, 
 a knock that portended haste, — danger, — to be up and 
 doing, filling every heart with consternation, anxiety 
 and fear. A courier was at the door with the tidings 
 of Indian warfare of the Nez Perce tribe on the valley 
 fifteen miles away. Apprehensive of an attack on the 
 town, the people of the settlement were admonished 
 to provide better protection. In less than ten minutes 
 everyone was hurrying and scurrying to and fro, every 
 available horSe and weapon was being brought into use, 
 scouts were sent out to keep a watch on the move- 
 ments of the Indians and all the women and children 
 were hastening to the courthouse, which was being 
 barricaded as best it might, but little could be done at 
 that hour of the night, and no one was allowed to 
 stand in a door or near a window for fear of being 
 the target of the Indians momentarily expected on the 
 mountains just opposite. The hours of the ni.ght 
 dragged heavily and all was e.xtreme restlessness. In 
 the early morning hours one scout returned to let the 
 people know that the Indians were not yet coming that 
 way, so that most of the weary ones ventured to their 
 homes for a little needed rest and something to eat, 
 and to collect their most valuable articles and bury 
 them in shafts, prospect holes or any such places they 
 thought most safe. 
 
 The_ other several men on horseback had continued 
 their journey to see what assistance they might render 
 to the more unfortunate ones. They found the places 
 looted, houses and haystacks burned, stock run off, 
 ranchers murdered, two with the contents of straw 
 and feather beds covering their bodies, and others 
 shot while running for their lives to the willows, the 
 only shelter to be had. One man killed was buried 
 where found near the Hamilton ranch; one found in 
 
1050 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the willows, seemingly scared to death, was also 
 buried on the spot ; another, severely wounded, was 
 found barefooted wading in the stream and was 
 brought to Bannack on horseback early mext morning. 
 
 The delayed return of the scouts caused much alarm 
 and others went in search of them, and they too 
 deemed it best to keep to the willows, and discarded 
 their boots for safety. Late in the evening, however, 
 all hands came in barefooted, footsore, hungry and 
 tired, bringing with them four bodies, viz., Smith, 
 Cooper, Flynn and Montague. The burial took place 
 the following afternoon, the cortege wending its way 
 along a deep gulch to the cemetery located on top of a 
 steep liigh hill. Two of the bodies had been lowered in 
 their last resting place, side by side, and the final hymn 
 was being sung when suddenly was wafted to their 
 cars the piercing, terrible warwhoop, and looking in 
 the direction whence it came, far away could be seen 
 a great cloud of dust circling the riders. The war- 
 whoop continued. The burials were only half com- 
 pleted, and sucli a stampede from the cemetery to the 
 homes of the improvised fort can better be imagined 
 than described. One can also better appreciate the 
 haughty indignation of the people on learning the de- 
 ception that had been perpetrated upon them at such a 
 time Ijy a band of Indian scouts from General How- 
 ard's command. The settlers suffered all the agony, 
 all the terror and all the suspense, and even greater 
 than that which was endured the previous day and 
 night, and the prayer on the lips of all was that such 
 scenes might never be enacted again in an already 
 terror stricken community. But this was not to be, 
 for two days later, while partaking of the evening 
 meal, again came the terrific, demoralizing yell, re- 
 sounding from one end of the town to the other, the 
 mountains on either side reverberating the sounds, and 
 in a moment every one was rushing into the streets ; 
 women fainted and fell ; the women of one family were 
 given a gun and told to run to the willows at the rear 
 of their home, for there was no time to reach the 
 fort. The riders were upon them, galloping through 
 the town, and when they halted at a corral! they proved 
 to be an Indian in the employ of one of the townsmen, 
 and four whites, cowboys, dressed in Indian garb. The 
 inhabitants were beside themselves with terror and 
 indignation, and there was talk and threats of 
 lynching. 
 
 General Howard's command marched through the 
 country via Bannack two days behind the Nez Perce 
 Indians. The soldiers were weary and footsore, and 
 the people of Bannack conveyed as many as they 
 could by wagon to their next camping ground. The 
 Indians were familiar with ■ every foot of country 
 here, and with their alertness and extreme cunning- 
 ness, never allowed themselves to be surprised, much 
 less overtaken. Among the Indian scouts in General 
 Howard's command was a son of Tendoy the chief of 
 the Bannacks. Tendoy was friendly to the whites and 
 succeeded in keeping his tribe in subjection to his or- 
 ders. But in less than a year, in June, 1878. the inhab- 
 itants of Bannack were again thrown into a tumult 
 of apprehension and terror by the restlessness of the 
 Bannack tribe. The young wanders of this tribe were 
 determined on an attack on Bannack, and again the 
 courthouse was fortified and every precaution taken 
 for the protection of life and home. But Chief Ten- 
 doy again prevailed, while he and his followers camped 
 on the hanks of Grasshopper creek, just across the way 
 from the Hopkins home, awaiting the coming of Major 
 Maginnis, who had been to Washington, D. C., to 
 see the "Great White Father" in their behalf. On his 
 arrival a treaty was entered into. The pipe of peace 
 was passed around and again all seemed quiet and 
 peaceful. 
 
 Mr. Hopkins had befriended Tendoy in early days, 
 giving him biscuit and tobacco when he happened to 
 
 pause at his cabin door. An Indian never forgets a 
 kindness or a friendly face, and when he learned there 
 was a “squaw” in the home across the way, he was 
 very anxious to see her, so the chief of the Bannacks 
 was brought to the home to say "how” and to pow- 
 wow in Indian fashion for a few moments, when he 
 left, seemingly quite pleased and satisfied. Tendoy 
 was a very large and tall Indian. He died about 
 1909. Here ended the Indian troubles of this little 
 household. Mr. Hopkins prospered in his mining 
 operations but a few months longer, when his fortune 
 was entirely swept away by a cloudburst, which tore 
 away the reservoir, undermining the mill and several 
 cabins, besides doing much other damage. This mis- 
 fortune left him without a chance to financially reestab- 
 lish himself, and it was almost imperative to seek new 
 fields. Soon an opportunity presented itself in being 
 allowed to bring a load of merchandise to Butte for 
 some of the mines. 
 
 Before he left for Butte, Mr. Hopkins decided that 
 if the city pleased him, he would immediately return, 
 or send for his wife, and in accordance with this de- 
 cision in another three weeks, she, with all the cour- 
 age and seennng conviction of success, happily found 
 herself with a four horse load of household goods, 
 seated on feather cushions, and with a couple of 
 heated rocks with which to keep warm, winding her 
 way slowly but surely to the greatest mining camp in 
 the West, arriving safely about four o’clock in the 
 afternoon, on December 24, 1878. This was a severe 
 winter, but with the comforts described above, they 
 drove “in state" to the hardware store on Main street, 
 where she found her husband in the employ of the 
 company. So ended a novel trip. After a few days 
 of rest they set about to locate a place they might 
 call home. Houses here were scarce, but they were 
 finally offered a hut of logs and mud, without a floor 
 or a window, answering to the name of either stable 
 or house, at a rental of $25.00 the month. They de- 
 cided that they would not be in a hurry to choose a 
 home, in the hope that something else might be avail- 
 able, perhaps with fewer “modern improvements” and 
 at a more reasonable price. It so happened that within 
 two weeks' time they were able to secure a little two 
 room palace, one of the rooms ten feet square and the 
 other six by seven, with twelve foot ceilings, — the 
 merest shell of a cabin, and lined with cloth inside. 
 This they occupied until the completion of their little 
 cottage at No. 121 West Silver street, a most preten- 
 tious home for Butte in those days. This home still 
 stands and remains a part of the family estate. Mr. 
 Hopkins again engaged in mining operations, though 
 he lived but a few years and passed away on March 
 7, 1883, survived by his widow and two sons, the 
 eldest being but a little more than three years old at 
 that time. 
 
 Mrs. Hopkins in her own right owned a very com- 
 fortable estate, and being a thorough business woman, 
 managed all affairs successfully, and was able to give 
 her sons those excellent opportunities of education, 
 travel and a start in the business world. She is the 
 descendant of a long line of German ancestors of 
 which she has a record from 1549. Her father was 
 born Tn Wurtemburg, -Germany, on March 16, 1803, 
 and was educated in Leipsic and Stuttgardt, coming 
 to America in 1828. He died in Warren, Trumbull 
 county, Ohio, on March 8, 1863. 
 
 Mrs. Hopkins completed her musical education at 
 the conservatory of music at Painesville, Ohio, and 
 has done much charitable work in that line during her 
 residence in Bannack, rendering musical aid on all 
 occasions wherever required, and assisted materially 
 in the building of the first and only church edifice, 
 which still stands and serves its purpose to all denom- 
 inations. 
 
 After coming to Butte it was her heart’s desire to 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1051 
 
 continue in the same kind of \vork, and as providence 
 prospered her in her late business life, she in a quiet 
 way assisted several along educational lines, furnish- 
 ing scholarships through the several colleges and help- 
 ing her proteges in getting a business start. Since 
 her two sons are married, in addition to looking after 
 the business part of life, plans to devote much of her 
 time to club work. She is an active member of the 
 Silver Bow chapter of the Daughters of the_ American 
 Revolution, and identified with the Woman's Club of 
 Butte. 
 
 The family was reared in the Episcopal faith and 
 have always remained among its active members. Her 
 eldest son, Clarence Victor Hopkins, was born Feb- 
 ruary 20, 1880, and after finishing a course in the ele- 
 mentary schools of Butte and graduating from the 
 high school in 1898, he was sent to Houghton, Michi- 
 gan, where he entered the Michigan College of Mines, 
 there completing a course in engineering. He has 
 been connected with the United Verde Copper Com- 
 pany since February, 1904, during which time he has 
 received several promotions, and is now chief engi- 
 neer of the mining field division of the company. 
 He is also chief engineer of the United Verde and 
 Pacific Railroad, with general supervision of all engi- 
 neering work. For the past three or four years much 
 of his time has been given to the engineering prob- 
 lems which usually attend the selection of a site 
 suitably adapted for a large smelter with standard 
 gauge railroad connections, in a mountainous coun- 
 try, also to the preliminary work preparatory to con- 
 struction. This new plant is now being built at a 
 point on the Verde river, nearly one half a mile lower 
 than the mine, and five miles to the northeast of the 
 old works. About three miles from the new works, 
 the site of which has not yet been named, he has 
 many acres of land with the best of irrigation facilities," 
 with all kinds of fruit, vegetables, grain, live stock, 
 etc., and on his ranch home his family, comprising a 
 wife, a daughter and two sons, are living happily and 
 comfortably. The children are named as follows : 
 Anna Dorothy, who was born July 20, 1904: Robert 
 Pollock II, born November 15, 1906; and Clarence 
 Victor, Jr., born August 17, 1912. 
 
 The younger son of Mrs. Hopkins, Henry Chester 
 Hopkins, was born on November 7, 1881, and received 
 his preliminary education in the schools of Butte, 
 graduating from the high school in 1899. He entered 
 the University of Virginia and completed a three-years’ 
 course in the law school, graduating with honors, and 
 in the autumn of 1904 he was admitted to the bar of 
 the state of Montana. He then became associated with 
 Judge W. M. Bickford, who was then the legal adviser 
 for the interests of Senator Clark. For six years Mr. 
 Hopkins devoted his time entirely to looking after 
 these interests, then decided to sever his connection 
 with this office and establish a separate probate busi- 
 ness. This move proved to be a successful one, as he 
 has built up for himself an excellent practice. 
 
 He was married to Miss Alberta Reid Speers on 
 November 8, 1911. She is a Canadian by birth, and 
 they were married at her home in Brandon, Manitoba. 
 In his political belief Mr. Hopkins is a Democrat, and 
 manifests a keen interest in the success of that party. 
 He is a member of the Benevolent Protective Order 
 of Elks and also holds membership in the Silver Bow 
 Club, as well as in the University Club of Butte. 
 
 Nelson Story, Jr. Holding prestige as a leading rep- 
 resentative of that class of business men who are mak- 
 ing the city of Bozeman one of the leading commercial 
 and industrial centers of the Northwest, and taking a 
 prominent position as proprietor of the largest jobbing 
 house between Minneapolis and the Pacific Coast, that 
 of the Story Motor Supply Company, Nelson Story, Jr., 
 has for the past twelve years identified himself with 
 
 various business enterprises of great magnitude and im- 
 portance, and also found time to serve his city arid 
 county in positions of public trust. He has resided in 
 Bozeman all of his life, having been born in this city 
 May 12, 1874, a son of Nelson Story, Sr., one of Boze- 
 man’s foremost business citizens. 
 
 After attending the public schools of Bozeman, Nelson 
 Story, Jr., entered the Shattuck Military Academy, at 
 Faribault, Minnesota, and after remaining there for 
 three years became a student in a St. Louis commercial 
 college. After one year in the latter institution he be- 
 gan his business career as an employee in his father’s 
 flouring mill in Bozeman, where he was employed six 
 years, but in 1900 embarked in business on his own ac- 
 count as proprietor of the Story Iron Works, located at 
 the corner of Main street and Grand avenue, the plant 
 being completed in September of that year. This struc- 
 ture, 50x125 feet, was completed at a cost of $10,000, its 
 equipment including highly improved machinery and ac- 
 cessories for general iron working business, and from 
 time to time improvements have been made both to the 
 building and fixtures. At the present time Mr. Story 
 is proprietor of the Story Motor Supply Company, job- 
 bers in motor accessories, parts and supplies, and the 
 largest jobbing house between Minneapolis and the 
 coas,t, and vice president of the Bozeman Milling Com- 
 pany. Possessed of much more than the average busi- 
 ness ability, Mr. Story has so managed his various en- 
 terprises as to make them the leaders in their fields in 
 the city, where he bears the reputation of being an alert 
 and prog:ressive citizen. 
 
 In political matters Mr. Story is a stalwart Republi- 
 can. In 1901 he was made chairman of the Republican 
 central committee of Gallatin valley, subsequently 
 served five years as alderman of Bozeman and in 1904 
 was elected mayor and gave his native city a clean and" 
 business-like administration. In 1906 he was the re- 
 cipient of the election for state representative from 
 Gallatin county, being the incumbent of that office for 
 one term. Fraternally he is connected with Bozeman 
 Lodge No. 463, B. P. O. E., Bozeman Lodge No. 18, A. 
 F. & A. ]\L, Zona chapter No. 12, R. A. AL, and St. John’s 
 commandery No. 12, K. T. He is popular in fraternal 
 circles and has many friends throughout the city. On 
 June 10, 1895, Mr. Story was married at St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri, to Miss Etha L. Mayo, daughter of William H. 
 Mayo, secretary of the Missouri Grand Lodge of Free 
 and Accepted Masons, in which fraternity he has at- 
 tained the thirty-third degree, the highest in the Scot- 
 tish rite. Mr. and Mrs. Story have two children; Nel- 
 son Story, III, who was born in January, 1900, and 
 Mayo, born in August, 1902. The family residence is 
 located at No 601 Grand avenue. 
 
 Thom.^s Switzer. Fortunate environments encom- 
 pass nearly every man at some stage of his career, but 
 the strong man and the successful man is he who realizes 
 that the proper moment has come, that the present and 
 not the future holds his opportunity. The man who 
 makes use of the now, and not the to be, is the one who 
 passes on the highway of life others who started out 
 ahead of him, and reaches the goal of prosperity in 
 advance of them. It is this quality in Thomas Switzer 
 that has made him a leader in the business world and 
 won him political honors in Libby, Montana, where he 
 has resided since 1892 and where he is now incumbent 
 of the office of mayor. , 
 
 In the province of Ontario, Canada, near the city of 
 Ottawa, February 3, 1853, occurred the birth of Thomas 
 Switzer, a son of Charles and Mary (Sykes) Switzer, 
 the former of whom died in 1880, aged sixty-five years, 
 and the latter of whom passed away in 1878. Charles 
 Switzer, Sr., grandfather of the subject of this review, 
 was born in Germany, whence he immigrated to America 
 as a young man, settling in Canada, where he was a 
 farmer by occupation. John Sykes, maternal grand- 
 
1052 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 lather of Thomas Switzer, was a native of England 
 and was tlie founder of the Canadian branch of the 
 Sykes family. He, too, was a farmer during his active 
 career. Charles Switzer, Jr., married Mary Sykes in 
 1852 and they became the parents of eight children, of 
 whom Thomas was the first born. 
 
 Under the sturdy and invigorating influences of the 
 ■lid homestead farm in Ontario, Canada, Thomas Switzer 
 was reared to maturity and his educational training 
 consisted of such advantages as were offered in the 
 neighboring public schools, which he attended until 
 he had reached his sixteenth year. About that time he 
 secured a position as clerk in a mercantile house and for 
 his services received the meagre salary of six dollars 
 a month and board. Later his wages were raised to 
 twelve dollars per month. In 1872 he became a mem- 
 ber of the northwest mounted police and after serving 
 in that organization for sixteen -months he was made 
 senior sergeant of Troop A, First attachment of the 
 mounted police. In 1874 he resigned his position and 
 came to Montana, settling in Sun River, where he was 
 variously engaged. In 1876, with John Manning the 
 first sheriff of Deadwood in the Black Hills, he went 
 on a stampede to Wind River valley. Lander, Wyom- 
 ing and remained there about eight months and then 
 returned to Montana over land. He again settled in Sun 
 River and there opened a livery business. Later he 
 established his residence in Butte, where he followed 
 mining and prospecting and whence he removed to 
 Helena eighteen months later. In 1886 he went to 
 Cascade and opened a drug store, having previously 
 learned the trade of pharmacist under the preceptorship 
 of Doctor James at Chestnut Valley. He erected the 
 first house in Cascade and lived there six years, at the 
 end of which, in 1892, he came to Libby, where he was 
 a pioneer druggist and where he was appointed post- 
 master, in which capacity he served four years. Here 
 he was chairman of the school board from 1892 to 
 1904 and he has also served two terms as mayor, being 
 incumbent of that office at the present time, in 1912. He 
 is proving unusually efficient as administrator of the 
 municipal affairs of the city and during his last term 
 he has been instrumental in putting in over five miles 
 of cement walks. He has also secured for Libby the 
 city water works, an electric lighting plant and a fire 
 department, all of which improvements make Libby 
 the most up-to-date city in Lincoln county. During 
 .Mr. Switzer’s term of office as mayor and as the result 
 of his energy the population of Libby has just doubled. 
 
 In addition to his drug business and his work as 
 mayor Mr. Switzer also conducts a book, stationery 
 and music store. In politics he is a stanch supporter 
 of the Democratic party, in the local councils of which 
 lie is an active factor. Fraternally he is an Odd Fellow, 
 being charter member of the lodge at Libby, and in 
 religious matters he and his family are devout mem- 
 bers of the Protestant Episcopal church. During the 
 Spanish-American war Mr. Switzer received a letter 
 from Governor Smith asking him, in case of another 
 call for volunteers, to become head of a company of 
 cavalry. The second call was not made, however, and 
 so Mr. Smith was not called upon to serve. 
 
 In Helena, Montana, in October, 1882, Mr. Switzer 
 was united in marriage to Miss Jessie Porter, who was 
 born in Nova Scotia, Canada, and who is a daughter 
 of Henry Porter. Seven children have been born to 
 Mr. ajid Mrs. Switzer, as follows : Esmond C., Lela, 
 wife of George L. Brown, of Lincoln county; Elmer 
 T., married to Sara McGingan of Millville, Minnesota; 
 Viola, unmarried and assistant postmaster at Libby; 
 Leona R., wife of John H. Noble, of Kellog, Idaho; 
 Earl and Elw-yn, both at home. 
 
 John Eynon Lloyd. One of the last of the old-time 
 pioneers who makes Butte the home of his retirement 
 is John Eynon Lloyd, who has seen an eventful and 
 
 strenuous as well as a materially successful life. He is 
 of Welsh origin, his family being one of a long line in 
 Wales. Mr. Lloyd’s great-grandfather was a ship’s 
 captain in the years before the era of steam navigation. 
 His grandfather and his father were both coal miners 
 and mining engineers in their native country. Thus a 
 heritage of sturdiness, of energy and initiative came to 
 the son of Richard and Annie (Eynon) Lloyd, whose 
 family consisted of nineteen children, thirteen of whom 
 grew to adult ages. Three of these were boys, among 
 them John Eynon, born on April 14, 1834. The home 
 atmosphere was a religious one, of loyal connection 
 with the Methodist church. The education of the chil- 
 dren was necessarily chiefly one gained from experience. 
 The child John was put to work in the mines at the 
 age of seven years, with the result that the knowledge 
 of books was all but denied him. 
 
 Having continued at work in the Welsh mines until 
 he reached the age of twenty-four, John Lloyd immi- 
 grated to America. His first location was at Pottsville, 
 Pennsylvania, where he worked at mining until 1875. 
 In June of that year he had settled in Butte, where he 
 began work in the mines at a wage of $3.50 per day. 
 After three years of this employment he became a pump 
 machinist for Marcus Daly, continuing steadily and 
 efficiently at this work until ten years had passed. At 
 the end of that period Mr. Daly made him superintend- 
 ent of the Amy and Silversmith mines, where he con- 
 tinued in charge until 1886. 
 
 During that year he was elected to the responsible 
 position of sheriff. In this office, so difficult and pre- 
 carious in a new country, Mr. Lloyd served for three 
 years before the admission of a state and also for three 
 years afterward. Through many adventures and many 
 dangers, he zestfully pursued the duties of sheriff, 
 always without partiality, yet with a humanity that 
 could not allow mercy to be wholly eliminated from 
 justice. One of his achievements as a determined officer 
 of the law was his following of the notorious criminal, 
 “Billy Forester” to Chicago and bringing him back to 
 Montana. Having accomplished this task unaided, 
 Sheriff Lloyd proceeded with the prosecution until the 
 evil-doer was sentenced to fourteen years in the peni- 
 tentiary. His duty as sheriff also made it necessary for 
 him to perform the first execution in the county, that of 
 the murderer, Llenry Roberts, who killed Fred Tex 
 and was sentenced to the supreme penalty of the law. 
 In 1892 Mr. Lloyd was given an office of large oppor- 
 tunities in a quite different line. He was elected county 
 commissioner and chosen chairman of that board. The 
 great activity of that period, the rapidity with which 
 bridges and other imorovements were required, made 
 particularly valuable Mr. Lloyd’s common sense and 
 clear-sighted executive ability. 
 
 Among the many financial enterprises, mining and 
 otherwise, in which Mr. Lloyd has been successful, it 
 is interesting to recall one in which he participated in 
 1875, even though it was of considerably less magni- 
 tude than his later deals. When he first came west 
 the Union Pacific Short Line extended only to Corinne, 
 Utah, and the transportation of provisions to Butte 
 was not an easy matter. Mr. Lloyd and three other 
 men bought four wagons at Corinne, loading them with 
 flour and bacon. These they took to Butte and on 
 arrival there found competition for their supplies re- 
 markably lively among the merchants of the place. It 
 is needless to say that they sold their stock for very 
 high profits. The greater part of Mr. Lloyd’s interests, 
 however, have had to do with mining. The Johnston, 
 the Pennsylvania and the Little Ida mines were all dis- 
 covered by him. After working them for ten years 
 he sold them to the Boston Mining Company, receiving 
 $150,000 for them. These mines have become among 
 the most prolific in the state. John E. Lloyd now has 
 mining properties near Butte and extensive holdings 
 both in the Butte and Basin Gold and Silver Mining 
 

 5 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 y - 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1053 
 
 Company and in the Silversmith Mining Company, 
 being president of both these mines. 
 
 One of Mr. Lloyd's most interesting diversions has 
 been the collecting of mineral and other specimens and 
 curios. Ceramics from prehistoric grounds, water 
 products from the South Sea Islands, handicraft from 
 many lands, unusual natural forms of many sorts have 
 supplemented his great variety of ore specimens. This 
 collection he enriched by the purchase of the Emil 
 Weinberger cabinet, one of the finest and most com- 
 plete collections of Montana minerals e.xtant. Unfor- 
 tunately this valuable collection was destroyed by fire 
 a few years ago while on exhibition at the Columbia 
 Gardens. 
 
 During these years Mr. Lloyd’s family has grown up 
 about him and its members have gone forth to their 
 several important walks in life, the sons being closely 
 associated with their father’s interests. In i86i occurred 
 John Lloyd's first marriage; but his wife, a Welsh 
 lady named Margaret Davis, died after only two years 
 of happy wedlock. Si.x years later he was again mar- 
 ried. The second Mrs. Lloyd, nee Margaret Lewis, 
 and also of Welsh ancestry, lived to be the mother of 
 six children, of whom four are living. Her death 
 occurred on November 28, 1893. The elder son, Richard 
 L., who lives in New York City, is widely known in 
 smelting circles, having formerly been for many years 
 identified with that line of business in Montana, both 
 at Great Falls and Butte. John R., who at one time 
 had charge of large smelting interests in Nevada, is now 
 located at Great Falls, Montana, where he is secretary 
 of the large mercantile firm known as the Jansen, Ward 
 & Lloyd Compan\'. 'Elizabeth Ann is Mrs. Robertson 
 T. White, of Plainfield, New Jersey; and Edith B, is 
 i\Irs. Franklin J. Everett, of Seattle, Washington. 
 
 Mr. Lloyd is a thirty-second degree Mason and has 
 held high rank in all branches of the fraternity. He 
 is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, affiliating with Algeria 
 Temple at Helena. Ever since he was twenty-one 
 years of age he has been a member of the Independent 
 Order of Odd Fellows, in which organization he has 
 passed all chairs in lodge and encampment. 
 
 A stalwart Republican is John E. Lloyd, always stand- 
 ing by the policy and the nominees of his party. His 
 first presidential vote was cast for Lincoln, and never 
 since has he wavered in his allegiance to the party. 
 
 In his comfortable home at 208 West Copper Street, 
 Mr. Lloyd modestly reviews the activities of his past 
 life, enjoying the fruits thereof and finding in the 
 interests of the city which long has claimed him as a 
 citizen of importance the pleasure of reminiscence and 
 the enjoyment of companionship. 
 
 Edward H. Campbell was born in Fremont county, 
 Iowa, on October ii, 1854, the son of Dr. John C. 
 Campbell. .A.s the name would indicate, the Campbell 
 family came to America from Scotland. They were of 
 Revolutionary stock and settled in Virginia, and 
 among the noted families with whom they were 
 connected were the Lisle and McDowell famil'-es, 
 famous in the^ early history of the colony. After 
 the Revolutionary war, some of the Virginia Campbells 
 moved to Kentucky, and there John C Campbell was 
 born on December 30, 1812, in the city of Lexington. 
 Fie was the son of John Poague Campbell, who was 
 a famous divine in Kentucky and Ohio. Dr. Campbell 
 settled in Nebraska in 1854, where he was a pioneer 
 physician and came to play an important role in the 
 early history of that state. 
 
 Dr, Campbell married Martha Ann Rodgers, a native 
 •of Tennessee and of English ancestry, her forefathers 
 having settled in Virginia and played their good part 
 as soldiers in the Continental army. Mrs. Campbell 
 'died in 1S61, leaving five children, of whom Edward 
 ■was the next to the eldest. 
 
 Edward H. Campbell spent his early life in Neb- 
 
 raska City, Nebraska, whither his father moved just 
 after his birth, Nebraska was then one of the frontier 
 states and the environment was that of a new com- 
 munity. The lad received his education in the schools 
 of Nebraska City, being graduated from the high school 
 with the class of 1873. Upon leaving school he en- 
 tered the drug store of his father, under whom he 
 learned the essentials of pharmacy and the principles 
 of business in the drug trade. In 1875 he came west 
 and became a drug clerk for R. S. Hale, of Helena, 
 retaining this position for four years. Having some- 
 thing of a roving disposition, as is natural to youth, 
 he spent several years working as drug clerk in various 
 parts of the state. 
 
 Mr. Campbell married in Nebraska City, Nebraska, 
 on October 17, 1888, Miss Fannie Stevenson, a native 
 of the state of New York. The eldest of the three 
 children of Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, Edward Hugh, 
 
 was born in Walkerville, Montana, on the Qth of 
 August, 1892. He is now a student at Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity. John Paul was born on March 13, 1897, at 
 Philipsburg, and the daughter, Julia Martha, in the 
 
 same city, on the 24th of August, 1903. 
 
 Of late years, Mr. Campbell has taken no active 
 
 part in politics, though he is still loyal to the Demo- 
 cratic party. He is a member of several fraternal 
 orders, including the Woodmen of the World, the 
 
 Knights of Pythias and the Masons. 
 
 Edward J. Whyte w'as born in Dublin, Ireland, in 
 the year 1851, and lived but little over a half century, 
 as he died in Helena on May 12, 1908. Flowever, his 
 years were eventful ones, and his life, though short, 
 was a busy one. When a young man he left his native 
 isle for America, and once here, sought a place where 
 there was plenty of elbow room, and at the same time 
 no dearth of excitement, for he was a true Celt, and did 
 not live a too quiet life. The overland trip to Livings- 
 ton, Montana, was one with hazard enough in it to make 
 it interesting, and upon arriving there Mr. Whyte went 
 into the hotel business. Montana was not at the time 
 a state of homes, and the business of providing accom- 
 modations for the shifting population was one of para- 
 mount importance. After some time in Livingston Mr. 
 Whyte came to Helena, in the early ’80s, and opened 
 the QtKen City Restaurant and the Hotel Helena. 
 These became most popular under his excellent manage- 
 ment, and until his death he continued in this calling 
 with notable success. Mr. Whyte followed the usual 
 political bent of the Irish- American and aligned himself 
 with the Democratic party, but contrary to the usual 
 habits of his compatriots, he did not take any promi- 
 nent part in party aflairs. He was, however, a most 
 devoted worker in the lodge of the Ancient Order of 
 LTnited Workmen, of which he had been a member for 
 many years. Another organization to which he belonged 
 was that of the Highlanders. 
 
 It was at Livingston that Mr. Whyte met the lady 
 who became his wife. This was Miss Bessie Johnson, 
 a native of Sweden. Her parents were among the first 
 comers to Livingston, where she became acquainted with 
 Mr. Whyte. Five children were born of their union, 
 the eldest, Effie, in Livingston, and the others in Helena. 
 She is now Effie Wdiyte Miller of Belfcy, Montana. 
 Garry J. Whyte, the oldest son, was born on October 
 23, 1888: Bessie, on November i, 1890; William, in 
 1894; and Carl, in 1896. All are unmarried except 
 Effie. 
 
 Garry Whyte went through the schools of Helena, 
 finishing the high school at seventeen. As soon as he 
 graduated he went into business independently, open- 
 ing a fruit and confectionery store at 18 Broadway. 
 As he is a born hustler, he made good at his first ven- 
 ture in the commercial field and after one year disposed 
 of his stock at a fair nrofit and removed to Butte. 
 Here he went into the firm of Tripp and Dragstedt as 
 
1054 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 a clerk to learn the grocery business. When he felt 
 that he was sufficiently familiar with this branch of 
 the mercantile trade, he returned to Helena and again 
 opened a fruit and confectionery store. After one year 
 at this he went into the grocery business and soon built 
 up a paying trade. Mr. Whyte disposed of his first 
 establishment to the Reinig Company and started an- 
 other store of his own at 35 West Sixth street. This 
 is not e.xactly a new concern, as it was established in 
 1905, by A. Hauswald. Two years later Mr. Whyte 
 purchased it and has been running it ever since with 
 his characteristic ability. It would be difficult to find 
 a more complete and up-to-date retail store in Helena. 
 
 Ranehing is something else in which Mr. Whyte 
 puts some time and capital. He owns a forty-nine acre 
 place in Lewis and Clark county, where he raises cattle 
 and other live stock. He has also a feed store in Helena, 
 and he finds no difficulty in keeping his various enter- 
 prises running at a good pace. 
 
 Mr. Whyte belongs to the Elks, and also to the High- 
 landers, as his father did before him. He also follows 
 in his father's steps in his church affiliation, being a 
 member of the Episcopal church. His political views 
 are, however, different for he supports the policies of 
 the Republican faction. 
 
 Mr. Whyte is unmarried, and makes his home with 
 his mother at 31 East Cutler avenue. Starting in busi- 
 ness with a capital of one hundred dollars, he has made 
 for himself a prosperous and growing business, with 
 a store surpassed by few in the city and all this before 
 he has lived a quarter of a century. 
 
 J. Lee Sedgwick. The office of clerk and recorder 
 of the largest county in the state of Montana, that of 
 Chouteau, carries with it duties of multitudinous nature, 
 making it necessary for the incumbent to be a man of 
 more than ordinary abilities and experience. J. Lee 
 Sedgwick, who is now acting in that capacity, came to 
 the office well equipped to handle its affairs, having 
 served as deputy for eleven years, during which time 
 he thoroughly familiarized himself with every detail 
 of its routine, thus assuring the voters of an able and 
 efficient administration. Mr. Sedgwick has the dis- 
 tinction of being a native son of Montana, having been 
 born at Stevensville, Ravalli county, July 24, 1875. His 
 father, Cassius AI. Sedgwick, removed from hi^ native 
 state of Pennsylvania as a young man and journeyed 
 as far west as Corinne, Boxelder county, Utah, from 
 whence he made his way overland to the Bitter Root 
 country, in Ravalli county, Montana, in 1872. A pioneer 
 of that section, he was for a number of years engaged 
 in ranching and stock raising, but in 1890 came to 
 Chouteau county, where he now lives retired at the 
 age of sixty-seven years. He was married in Ravalli 
 county to Miss Eliza Sanders, who was born in Boone 
 county, Missouri, and in 1865 went with her parents 
 overland to Oregon. In 1869 they traveled overland 
 to Montana and settled in the Bitter Root valley, at a 
 time when their nearest neighbors were twenty-five or 
 thirty miles away. The family is known there as one 
 of the earliest settlers of the section. Airs. Sedgwick 
 still survives, at the age of fifty-five years, and has 
 been the mother of five children, of whom three sur- 
 vive: J. Lee; C. F., of Alberta, Canada; and C. O., 
 living in Chouteau county. 
 
 J. Lee Sedgwick received his preliminary education 
 in the public schools of Montana, and supplernented 
 this by a course of two years in the University of 
 Idaho, after which he came back to Chouteau county 
 and was < ngaged in ranching and_ stock raising, both 
 for himself and as manager of his father’s interests. 
 He was so engaged until his appointment in igoo to 
 the position of deputy county clerk of Chouteau county, 
 at which time he became a resident of Fort Benton, 
 and this city has been his home to the present time. 
 After ably discharging the duties of deputy for eleven 
 
 years, in 1910 he became a candidate for the office of 
 county clerk and recorder, and in the election which 
 followed received a handsome majority. He has 
 handled the problems that have come up in his office 
 with marked skill, but it is characteristic of the man 
 that he has not considered his obligation to the public 
 limited simply to the faithful discharge of his onerous 
 duties, as he has given of his best energies in behalf 
 of the people and used his influence in promoting and 
 supporting all mgvements pertaining to the public wel- 
 fare. Pie supports Republican principles and takes a 
 great interest in his party’s success, having numerous 
 influential friends among the organization’s ranks in 
 Chouteau county. When he can absent himself from 
 his office, he devotes his leisure moments to outdoor 
 occupations, having never lost his love for the free 
 air of the open that his early training instilled in him. 
 
 On June 19, 1912, Mr. Sedgwick was married to 
 Debora, daughter of Abram and Mary E. (Fahs ) 
 Wagy, of Hamilton, Montana. Mrs. Sedgwick received 
 her education in the public schools of her home place, 
 later graduating from the State University at Missoula! 
 
 Herbert B. Selway, of Dillon, Alontana, has a closer 
 interest in the welfare and prosperity of his home state 
 than have most of the residents of Alontana, for he is a 
 native son of the commonwealth. He is well known as 
 one of the most successful ranchmen and stock raisers 
 of this section of the state. A man of the type for 
 which the west has come to stand, broad minded, big 
 hearted and sincere, “Herb’’ Selway, as he is familiarly 
 known, is one of the most popular men in Dillon. 
 
 Herbert B. Selway was born near Dillon, Montana, 
 on the 22nd of August, 1875, a son of James and Eunice 
 
 A. (Noble) Selway. James Selway was born in Eng- 
 land, in 1839, and when he was seven years of age his 
 parents immigrated to the United States, locating in 
 Kenosha, Wisconsin. In 1863 he crossed the Great 
 Plains to Alontana. During the following winter he Was 
 engaged in mining operations in connection with W. A. 
 Clark, who afterwards became United States senator 
 from Alontana. After a time he went into the stock 
 raising business, and from that time until the close 
 of his life he was engaged in the live stock industry. 
 He was a pioneer in every sense of the word, a lead- 
 ing man in his community who did his full share in 
 helping to make possible the great state of Montana. 
 In politics he was a Republican, though he never cared 
 to take a very active part. A man of great kindliness 
 and genuine sympathy, people were invariably attracted 
 by him, and he made in consequence a host of friends. 
 His death occurred in 1898. He married in the fall 
 of 1874 Eunice F. Noble, a native of Yankee Settle- 
 ment, Delaware county, Iowa, where she was born on 
 March 8, 1848. She was the eldest of the seven chil- 
 dren of her father and mother. She was well educated, 
 completing her education at Iowa College, at Grinnell, 
 Iowa, and then teaching for a number of years in her 
 native state. She came to Alontana in the fall of 1873 
 and taught the first term of school in what is known 
 as the “Old Poindexter school house.” She was a mem- 
 ber of the Alethodist Episcopal church, 'and was a very 
 active worker in this congregation, being a teacher in 
 the Sunday-school for over thirty years. _ Four chil- 
 dren were born to James Selway and his wife; Herbert 
 
 B. Selway and Hawley J. Selway, both of Dillon, Alon- 
 tana ; Airs. Eliza Selway Carlson, of Tendoy, Idaho; 
 and Luther Selway, who died in infancy. Airs. Selway 
 died on the 26th of August, 1910. 
 
 Herbert B. Selway received his first instruction^ m 
 the Dillon public schools, graduating from the high 
 school in Dillon. He then attended the Alontana State 
 Normal School, at Twin Bridges, and later the Wes- 
 levan University at Helena, Montana. He was then sent 
 east, and entered his mother’s alma mater, Iowa Col- 
 lege, at Grinnell, Iowa. Finally he took a course in 
 
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 -•^. •• 
 
 I: 
 
JAxMES SELWAY. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1055 
 
 the Highland Business College, at Des Moines, Iowa, 
 from which he was graduated in 1897. With this thor- 
 ough preparation he returned home and took charge 
 of his father's business interests. In 1899 he went into 
 the stock and general farming business on his own ac- 
 count, and has made a splendid success of it. He ovyns 
 about fourteen hundred acres on Horse Prairie, which 
 is divided into two ranches, on both of which he car- 
 ries on general farming as well as stock raising. As an 
 example of the size of his stock operations, since Jan- 
 uary, 1912, he has bought and sold between fifty and 
 sixty thousand dollars worth of cattle. Aside from his 
 real business he has diverted himself with dealings in 
 real estate, though most men would scarcely call it a 
 diversion. In 1908 he bought a ranch of one hundred 
 and sixty acres just north of Dillon, at what was con- 
 sidered a most exorbitant price, one hundred dollars 
 per acre. He, however, believed that there ought to be 
 a rise in land values in Beaverhead county, and the 
 result proved him correct, for he sold the property in 
 April, 1912, for one hundred and sixty-five dollars per 
 acre. This was the first real advance in country prop- 
 erty made in this county. 
 
 Mr. Selway was married in April, i 899 > to Miss Mary 
 Monahan, who is a native of Illinois but has spent all 
 of her life in the west. Her father is a native of Ire- 
 land, where he was born in 1845, while her mother was 
 born in Kentucky, in 1848. Of the nine children of her 
 parents, who are still living in Utah, Mrs. Selway is 
 the next to the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Selway have one 
 son, Elmer James, who was born on the ist of Septem- 
 ber, 1903. 
 
 Mr. Selway is a member and past chancellor of Occi- 
 dental lodge. No. 8, of Dillon, Knights of Pythias. He 
 is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows. In politics he is a Republican, and has taken a 
 prominent part in furthering the interests of his party 
 in that section of the state wherein he lives. He is a 
 member of the Beaverhead Club and the walls of this 
 club are adorned with a number of fine trophies of the 
 hunt which Mr. Selway has presented to the club, re- 
 sults of his skill with the gun. Mrs. Selway is a mem- 
 ber of the Presbyterian church, and is one of the leaders 
 in the social life of Dillon. In 1912 Mr. Selway built 
 an attractive home in Dillon, wh<=re the familv now 
 resides. 
 
 John F. Murphy. A fairly large proportion of 
 Montana’s pioneer population was composed of vet- 
 erans of the Civil war, a number of them frrrner 
 residents of the eastern states, who, after completing 
 their service in the war between the states, continued 
 to serve their country as soldiers in the regular army, 
 with which they came west to engage in warfare with 
 the hostile Indians. When their terms of enlistment 
 were completed the greater part of these men settled 
 at some point in the west, attracted by the opportunities 
 offered in the new country, thus constructing a firm 
 foundation upon which the structure of a mighty com- 
 monwealth has been built. One of these hardy, vig- 
 orous men who may lay claim to being one of Mon- 
 tana’s “old-timers,” is John F. Murphy, city clerk of 
 Fort Benton, and a man universally respected and 
 esteemed. He is a native of Cork, Ireland, and was 
 born October 31, 1843, a son of Jeremiah and Ellen 
 (Toomey) Murphy. 
 
 Jeremiah Murph}' was born in Ireland, and there 
 married. In 1846, with his wife and children, he came 
 to the United States, settling in New York City, where 
 he became a prominent plasterer contractor, and died 
 at the age of fifty-six years. His wife, also a native 
 of the Emerald Isle, passed away in 1862, when about 
 seventy years of age, having been the mother of sixteen 
 children, of whom John F. was the next to the youngest. 
 After securing a good education in the public and high 
 schools of New York City, John F. Murphy at the 
 
 age of sixteen years left home and succeeded in enlist- 
 ing in Company B, Forty-third Regiment, Indiana Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, with which he served until the close 
 of the war. The youth saw his first real fighting at 
 Fort Donelson, subsequently participating in the siege 
 of Fort Madrid and Island No. 10, and after the latter, 
 went with his brigade down the Mississippi river, 
 where he fought in the siege of Fort Pillow and 
 assisted in capturing Memphis. After a number of 
 minor engagements, iMr. Murphy was captured by the 
 enemy in lower Arkansas and subsequently transferred 
 to Texas, where he was confined from April to the 
 early part of June, 1864, when he managed, with dif- 
 ficulty, to effect his escape. After many hardships and 
 privations he rejoined his command at Little Rock, 
 and veteranized in the same regiment, with which he 
 continued to serve until the close of the war, when he 
 received his honorable discharge in Indiana, June 14, 
 1865. In 1866 Mr. Murphy enlisted in the regular 
 army, becoming a private in Company C. Third Bat- 
 talion of the Eighteenth United States Infantry, which 
 he accompanied to Fo-t Leavenworth, Kansas, and 
 subsequently across ti,c plains to Camp Douglas, Utah. 
 He spent three years in his first enlistment and later 
 re-enlisted for five years, accompanying his division 
 to Fort Shaw, IMontana. During the entire eight years 
 of his service, j\Ir. Murphy was active in Indian fight- 
 ing, and gained a reputation among his fellows as a 
 fearless, hard-fighting soldier, meriting the popularity 
 of his comrades and the respect of his officers. When 
 he had closed his military career he came to Fort 
 Benton, where he arrived July 25, 1875, securing em- 
 ployment as a type-setter for the Benton Record. After 
 three years of newspaper work as a printer, he secured 
 a position as salesman for the firm of Wetzel & Com- 
 pany, and later was associated with others for five 
 years, and in 1882 was elected county clerk of Chou- 
 teau county. In 1884 he was made county assessor, 
 and for the past six years, and at present, has acted in 
 the capacity of city clerk of Fort Benton. He is in- 
 dependent in his political views, reserving the right 
 to support the man he deems best fitted for the office, 
 regardless of part}' connections. Fraternally, he is 
 popular in the local lodge of the Odd Fellows, as he 
 is also with the members of the Grand Army post, 
 and his religious connection is with the Roman Cath- 
 olic church. 
 
 In 1875 Mr. Murphy was married in St. Louis, Mis- 
 souri, to Miss Ada Archer, daughter of William Archer, 
 a native of England, and of their children two are 
 living : Mrs. Ada Muir, a resident of Fort Benton, 
 
 and Miss Nellie, who lives with her parents. 
 
 Edward M. Jenizen. Although he has now retired 
 from active busmess pursuits and is living quietly at 
 his home in Harlowton, Edward M. Jenizen was for 
 many years identified with the sheep and cattle busi- 
 ness, and was the owner of a ranch in Fergus county, 
 on which stood the first house ever erected on the 
 Musselshell river, built by him. An evenly balanced 
 business man, he has done much to inspire confidence 
 in the minds of his fellow citizens in his adopted 
 state’s future greatness, and the numerous large enter- 
 prises which have claimed his attention have entitled 
 him to a foremost position among those whose activi- 
 ties have been of real benefit to their section. Edward 
 M. Jenizen was born in the city, of Pittsburg, Penn- 
 sylvania, March 15, 1856, and is a son of Michael and 
 Rachel (Schultz) Jenizen. 
 
 Michael Jenizen was born in France and came to 
 the United States as a young man, settling first iri 
 Pennsylvania and coming to Montana during the early 
 ’seventies. He followed ranching and sheep-raising for 
 a number of years, and died in 1889, at the age of 
 seventy-two years. His wife, a native of Germany, 
 met and married Mr. Jenizen in Pittsburg, and is 
 
1055 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 buried in that city, where she died in 1864, at the age 
 of forty-seven years. There were seven children in 
 their family, Edward M. being the fourth in order of 
 birth, and two brothers and one sister now make their 
 home in Montana, namely: Charles V., who is mar- 
 
 ried and resides on a ranch near Franklin ; William 
 C., who is married and also resides on a ranch near 
 Franklin; and Margaret, who married William Col- 
 lier and resides at Shawmutt. 
 
 Edward M. Jenizen received his early education in 
 the public schools of Pittsburg, and Prater’s Academy 
 at LaSalle, Illinois, and also understands bookkeeping, 
 bank clerical work and special correspondence, although 
 these accomplishments were all obtained through prac- 
 tical experience in the school of hard work, rather than 
 in any institution. When still a lad of about fifteen 
 years he began to make his own way in the world, 
 being employed at a heating furnace in a roller mill, 
 at a salary of one dollar and a half per day. He 
 followed this line of work until leaving home, at the 
 age of eighteen years to go to St. Louis, there enlist- 
 ing in the regular army of the United States. In 1875 
 he secured his honorable discharge at Camp Baker, 
 in Meagher county, Montana, and since that time has 
 been a resident here. In 1878 he went on a survey 
 with Col. De Tolly and Kellog, and covered this whole 
 part of the country, subsequently going to Three Mile, 
 where he was engaged in chopping saw logs and pros- 
 pecting. In the spring of 1879 he went to Helena, 
 where he worked in the Penobscot mine until the fol- 
 lowing fall, then returning to this part of the state 
 and engaging in ranching. In t88o he erected the 
 first house built on the Mussellshell river, and there 
 continued to carry on sheep and cattle-raising and 
 general ranching, adding from time to time to his 
 holdings until he had upwards of 10,000 acres. In 
 1907 Mr. Jenizen disposed of his property, cattle and 
 sheep, selling almost the entire tract in one piece, and 
 since that time the land has almost doubled in value, 
 o-iving an illustration of how the country has grown 
 and developed during the past half decade. In Novem- 
 ber, 1908, Mr. Jenizen was one of the organizers and 
 assisted in opening the First National Bank of Har- 
 lowton, and still retains his interest therein, being a 
 member of the directing board. His confidence in 
 the future of this community has been made evident 
 by his investing in numerous pieces of real_ estate, and 
 on every occasion he is ready to state his views on the 
 subject. As to the mining, sheep and cattle interests, 
 he feels that they speak for themselves, while he also 
 believes that farming has far passed the experimental 
 stage and is now an assured success. Fraternally 
 he is connected with the Woodmen of the World, the 
 Odd Fellows and the Elks. While he is not a member 
 of any particular denomination, he is an upright Chris- 
 tian citizen, and generously supports all churches. 
 Politically a Republican, Mr. Jenizen takes an active 
 interest in the success of his party, but has constantly 
 refused to accept political favors, although often urged 
 to do so. He is fond of all clean, healthy amusement 
 and sport, and a good bowling match or sparring 
 exhibition will have no more interested spectator. 
 
 At Billings, Montana, in 1890, occurred Mr. Jeni- 
 zen’s marriage to Miss Louisa Jenizen, who died in 
 1892, leaving one child : Nicholas E., a graduate of 
 
 the public schools who is now living on a ranch. In 
 1897 Mr. Jenizen married (second) Mrs. Catherine 
 McGregor of Billings, who had one daughter by her 
 former marriage : Irene, who attended the Billings 
 public schools, and then took a five-year course in 
 St. Vincent’s Academy, Helena, and a special busi- 
 ness course at Marion, Indiana, subsequently spend- 
 ing quite a time in extensive travel. She married 
 George L. Farr, a promient druggist of Lavina, Mon- 
 tana, who also has branch stores at Harlowton and 
 Hedgesville. 
 
 Thomas T. B.aker. A resident of ’Montana for more 
 than thirty years, Thomas T. Baker was one of the best 
 known and most highly honored pioneer citizens of this 
 state at the time of his death, which occurred at his 
 home, in the city of Butte, on the 30th of April, 1906, 
 his passing having been the cause of uniform sorrow 
 in the commonwealth which he had so signally dignified 
 and honored by his character, ability and services. He 
 was a man of specially high intellectual and technical 
 attainments and through his labors in his profession he 
 did much to further the material and civic develop- 
 ment and upbuilding of Montana, where he gained wide 
 reputation both as a civil engineer and mining engineer, 
 in both of which fields of endeavor he was an expert. 
 He was long in the government service in the line of 
 his chosen profession and at the time of his demise 
 was the oldest man in the United States surveying 
 corps. It had been his to serve with distinguished gal- 
 lantry as a soldier of the Union in the Civil war and 
 in all the relations of life he manifested the same high 
 sense of loyalty and personal honor that marked his 
 course during his long and valiant service as a soldier 
 of the republic. A man of exalted character and one 
 who made his life count for good to the world, he left 
 a deep impress upon the history of Montana, and the 
 great heart and soul of the man gained to him friends 
 among all classes, so that when he was summoned to 
 the life eternal his loss was mourned with a sense of 
 deep personal bereavement in the state throughout which 
 he was so well known and to the development of whose 
 magnificent resources he had contributed in generous 
 measure. 
 
 Thomas T. Baker was a scion of stanch German 
 stock and his paternal and maternal ancestors estab- 
 lished homes in the historic old state of Virginia in 
 the colonial days, his oarents having been natives of 
 that part of the Old Dominion which now constitutes 
 the state of West Virginia, and his father having be- 
 come one of the representative agriculturists of Bar- 
 bour county, in what is now West Virginia, and later 
 moved to Norborne, Missouri, where he resided until 
 his death. Thomas T. Baker, to whom this memoir is 
 dedicated, was born in Barbour county. West Virginia, 
 on the I2th of November, 1839, many years before the 
 present state was segregated from Virginia, and he was 
 the third in order of birth of the thirteen children born 
 to Joseph K. and Matilda (Thomas) Baker. In addi- 
 tion to having been one of the prominent and progres- 
 sive agriculturists of that section the father also served 
 as a freighter during the Civil war for the United 
 States government. 
 
 He had barely attained to his legal rnajority when the 
 Civil war was precipitated on a divided nation, and 
 his sympathies were entirely with the cause of the Union, 
 so that his loyalty and patriotism soon found definite 
 expression, as he had witnessed, at Phillipi, the judicial 
 center of his native county, the first important land 
 battle of the war, the same having occurred on the 
 3d of June, 1861. On August 23, 1862, he enlisted_ in 
 Co. F, Fifteenth West Virginia Infantry, in the Union 
 service, and was mustered in as first sergearit of his 
 company. He continued his military career until victory 
 had crowned the Union arms and peace had been de- 
 clared, and was mustered out at the close of the war, 
 with the rank of lieutenant. He lived up to the full 
 tension of the great fratricidal conflict and endured his 
 quota of hardships and hazards on marches and in camp, 
 in skirmishes and in fifteen important battles. Among, 
 the more noteworthy engagements in which he partici- 
 pated and proved his valor was that of Cloyd’s Moun- 
 tain (or Farm), in Virginia, on the gth of May, 1864, 
 where, after one and one-half hours of close and fierce 
 conflict between the opposing forces, fully six hundred 
 gallant men lay dead unon the field of carnage. _ Mr. 
 Baker also took part in the battles of New River Bridge, 
 Lexington, Lynchburg, Winchester, Halltown and 
 Petersburg. At Winchester he received a wound which 
 
K 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1057 
 
 incapacitated him for further service for a period of 
 about three months, and he was on the field of Appo- 
 mattox at the time of the final surrender of General 
 Lee at that historic point. He also saw service in the 
 west, where he took part in the campaign in 1876 against 
 the Nez Perce Indians, at Camas Prairie, Montana. 
 Thus in this later military service, a number of years 
 after the close of the Civil war, he again proved his 
 mettle and valor as a soldier. 
 
 After the close of the war Mr. Baker returned to the 
 old home, but there he remained only a brief interval, 
 as in September, 1865, he made his way to Iowa and, to 
 gain further educational discipline, entered a prepara- 
 tory school at Lynnville. Thereafter he completed a 
 course in Grinned College, that state, in which excellent 
 institution he was graduated as a member of the class 
 of 1874, his studies having covered not only the pre- 
 scribed scientific coprse but also that of civil engineer- 
 ing. That he had proved an ambitious and receptive 
 student is evidenced by the fact that after his graduation 
 he was retained as assistant instructor in chemistry 
 and physics at his alma mater. Grinned College, for 
 one year. He then, in 1875, came to Montana, and as 
 this was before railroads had entered the territory, he 
 made the overland trip, which many of the pioneers of 
 the present state recall as a far different means of 
 travel than those afforded at the present day. He 
 located in old Virginia City, the scene of the great 
 gold stampede somewhat more than a decade earlier, 
 and there he served one year as principal of the public 
 schools, and he did much to systematize and expand the 
 work of the schools during his administration, which 
 continued for one year. In 1877 Mr. Baker was ap- 
 pointed deputy United States mineral surveyor and in 
 the spring of the following year he removed to Butte, 
 the metropolis of Montana, where he continued to 
 maintain his home until his death, many years later. 
 Here he initiated practice as a civil and mining sur- 
 veyor, the while he still continued in the government 
 service, and his success was of the most unequivocal 
 order, as he was one of the most expert and discrimi- 
 nating surveyors in the state in those early years, even 
 •as he was at the time of his demise. He also had the 
 good judgment to develop a broad field of activity in 
 the patenting of claims, both agricultural and mineral, 
 and it is maintained by those familiar with conditions 
 that he personally surveyed more claims for patent than 
 has any other one United States surveyor, his terri- 
 tory having included both Montana and Idaho. 
 
 During these years of indefatigable and earnest en- 
 deavor Mr. Baker became concerned in constructive 
 works involving great difficulties, and in every in- 
 stance he proved himself master of ■ the situation, by 
 solving the mechanical and engineering problems and 
 carrying the projects to successful completion. He sur- 
 veyed the aqueduct ditch and superintended the erection 
 of the waterworks system at Glendale and also installed 
 the fine hydraulic plant at the Yogo sapphire mines, in - 
 this state. His interposition was frequently secured as 
 an expert reporter on mines and mining properties, 
 and, as previously stated, he was at the time of his 
 death the oldest man in the United States surveying 
 corps. 
 
 Broad in capacity, high in ideals, progressive and 
 loyal as a citizen, Mr. Baker was well qualified for 
 leadership in thought and action, and he did much to 
 foster the industrial and civic development and ad- 
 vancement of Montana, in whose history his name merits 
 a place of lasting honor. In politics he accorded un- 
 qualified allegiance to the Republican party and he was 
 specially well fortified in his opinions concerning 
 economic and governmental policies. He never sought 
 or held office aside from the line of his profession, but 
 his admirable administration in the position of county 
 surveyor of Silver Bow county will not soon be for- 
 gotten, as many enduring evidences of his skill and 
 judgment remain as a mark of his eminent service 
 
 in this capacity. He ever retained a deep interest in 
 his old comrades of the Civil war and manifested the 
 same by his membership in the Grand Army of the Re- 
 public, in which he was distinctive!}' popular, as was he 
 also in all other relations of life. His heart was at- 
 tuned to sympathy and tolerance and he never missed 
 an opportunity to aid and uplift his fellow men, no 
 matter what their station in life. He was a devout and 
 zealous member of the Presbyterian church, as is also 
 his widow. 
 
 On the 27th of March, 1884, was solemnized the mar- 
 riage of Mr. Baker to Miss Mary I. Hobart, who was 
 at the time a resident of Port Byron, Illinois. Mrs. Baker 
 was _ born at Audubon, Illinois, and is a daughter of 
 David Sumner and Abigail (Stimson) Hobart. Mrs. 
 Baker still maintains her home in Butte, and in the loss 
 of her devoted and honored husband she is sustained and 
 comforted by the presence of their two children, — 
 Jacob H., who is a member of the class of 1914 in the 
 Montana School of Mines, and Julia D., who graduated 
 from the Butte high school in 1912. 
 
 jM.ark B. Conrow. One of Kalispell’s foremost legal 
 lights, one of her best educated men, one of her sturdi- 
 est Democrats, is Mark B. Conrow,. who has ably 
 served as city attorney and as deputy county attor- 
 ney, who enjoys^ a wide social popularity and whose 
 moral influence is by no means the least considerable 
 element of his worth to the community. 
 
 A true citizen of Montana is Mr. Conrow, whose 
 entire _ life has been spent here, save for the years 
 spent in university and professional study. His father, 
 John M. Conrow, has been a resident of the state for 
 nearly a half century, having come from New Jersey, 
 his native state, at the close of the war, to Livingston, 
 Montana. Exchanging the martial experiences of the 
 Civil war for the peaceful employments of cattle rais- 
 ing and ranching, he had come first to Virginia City, 
 having mining and prospecting interests as well as 
 agricultural. In Livingston he later made his home and 
 as a resident of Park county was for three terms asked 
 to represent _ his district as a representative to the 
 Montana legislature, this honor being succeeded by 
 the state senatorship, which he held for the second 
 term, and which expired in the autumn of 1912. Mrs. 
 John Conrow, the mother of the Kalispell barrister 
 to whom this article is dedicated, was a native of 
 New Jersey, but came across the plains to Montana 
 with a _ married sister. At the age of seventeen she 
 was living on a ranch twelve miles east of Livingston. 
 Since her marriage to Senator Conrow twelve children 
 have been added to their family, of whom Mark B. is 
 the eldest. In Gallatin county, Montana, he was born 
 on the seventeenth of September, 1875. He was edu- 
 cated in the public schools of the county and of Liv- 
 ingston, where he was graduated from the high schopl 
 with the class of 1896. This general education was 
 carried_ to a higher level by his subsequent course in 
 the University of Minnesota, where he also pursued the 
 prescribed course in legal training, receiving the de- 
 gree of L.L. B. Returning to Livingston, he spent the 
 greater part of a year in the law office of Judge Sav- 
 age, after which he was admitted to the bar of Mon- 
 tana from Kalispell. Here he located for residence 
 and practice. ' In this locality he has remained since 
 1901 and from that time his practice, which is of a 
 general nature, has been steadily growing in amount 
 and prestige. 
 
 Mr. Conrow is a Democrat who endorses the policies 
 of that great commoner, Mr. Bryan. In politics he has 
 always been especially active, frequently serving as del- 
 egate to state conventions with both enthusiasm and 
 faithfulness. His incumbency of the office of deputy 
 county attorney was one most creditable to him and 
 one which was continued for a second term. He has 
 served one term also as city attorney of Kalispell, dis- 
 
1058 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 charging the duties of this office with exceptional con- 
 scientiousness and discriminating judgment. 
 
 The Kalispell Club claims Mark Conrow as one of 
 its valued members. He is prominent in no less than 
 three of the secret societies of the place, holding mem- 
 bership in the organizations of the Woodmen of the 
 World, the Yeomen of America and Fraternal Order 
 of Eagles. He is a loyal member and supporter of 
 the Christian church. As a member of professional 
 societies, he is connected with the County, State and 
 American Bar Associations. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Conrow to Miss Eileen M. 
 McCormick took place on the twenty-eighth of Novem- 
 ber, 1902. Two daughters came to them, named respec- 
 tively Mary Alice and Margaret Helen. Mrs. Conrow 
 died six years after her marriage. On the nine- 
 teenth of October, 1911, Mr. Conrow was a second 
 time wedded. The present Mrs. Conrow, as Miss 
 
 Josephine E. Ryan, was a native of Wisconsin and 
 the daughter of John Ryan. The family residence 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Conrow is at 504 Si.xth avenue East. 
 
 Mark Conrow’s office in the new Conrad building of 
 Kalispell is a busy place for he has a very large 
 practice. He espouses no commercial interests, de- 
 voting by preference all his attention to legal science 
 in general and to his specific cases in particular. 
 
 Alexander J. Johnston. For nearly forty years has 
 Mr. Johnston been a resident of Montana and during 
 this entire period his business activities have been in 
 connection with operations conducted by that, dis- 
 tinguished citizen of the state, Senator William A. 
 Clark. For fully a quarter of a century Mr. Johnston 
 has been the able and popular cashier of the banking 
 house of W. A. Clark & Brother in the city of Butte, 
 and in his field of endeavor he is known as one of the 
 representative members of the banking fraternity in 
 the state. He has naturally had to do with affairs of 
 broad scope and importance, is known as a careful and 
 discriminating financier and executive and is one of the 
 prominent business men and influential citizens of the 
 Montana metropolis, where his circle of friends is prac- 
 tically coincident with that of his acquaintances. His 
 identification with the banking business is the more 
 interesting to note by reason of the fact that nine dif- 
 ferent branches of the Johnston family have been 
 actively concerned with this important line of enter- 
 prise. 
 
 Alexander J. Johnston claims the fine old Keystone 
 state as the place of his nativity and is a scion of a 
 family that was founded in America in the colonial 
 epoch of our national history. He was born at Con- 
 nellsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the 6th of 
 October, 1851, and is a son of Joseph and Florinda 
 (Maguire) Johnston, the former a native of Pennsyl- 
 vania and the latter of Maryland. The mother of Mr. 
 Johnston was a daughter of Major Samuel Maguire, 
 of Cumberland. Maryland. Mrs. Florinda Johnston 
 was also a granddaughter of Col. Samuel Clark, who 
 was an officer in the War of the Revolution and who 
 was a representative and influential citizen of Wash- 
 ington county, Pennsylvania, where the town of Clarks- 
 ville was named in his honor, 
 
 Joseph Johnston passed his entire life in Pennsyl- 
 vania and was for many years engaged in the banking 
 business at Connellsville, a line of enterprise in which 
 his father and paternal grandfather likewise had been 
 engaged in that state. He was one of the honored 
 and influential citizens of Fayette county and con- 
 tinued to reside at Connellsville until his death, at the 
 age of seventy years, his widow preceding him by 
 several vears and both having been consistent members 
 of the Presbyterian church. They became the parents 
 of foim sons and three daughters, and of the number 
 the subject of this review was the second in order 
 of birth. The eldest son. Dr. J. C. Johnston, became 
 
 one of the leading representatives of the medical pro- 
 fession in Montana and his death occurred in Butte, 
 where jie had been established in the practice of his 
 profession for several j^ears ; - Samuel M. Johnston, 
 another of the sons, is now assistant manager of the 
 Montana Hardware Company, one of the important 
 concerns of Butte; and E. Wilson Johnston was for a 
 time a resident of this city, whence he went to Jerome, 
 Arizona, as a mining engineer in the employ of Senator 
 William A. Clark, and there he lost his life in the 
 caving in of a mine. 
 
 Alexpder J. Johnston was reared to adult age in 
 his native town, to whose public schools he is indebted 
 for his early educational discipline, which was supple- 
 mented by an effective course in . Chambersburg 
 Academy, at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. As a youth 
 he gained practical experience by working in his father’s 
 banking institution and in the sama he continued to be 
 employed the greater part of the time until he sought 
 a new field of endeavor in Montana, of which state 
 he may consistently be termed a pioneer. He arrived 
 in Butte, this state, on the i8th of November, 1876, 
 as a young man of twenty-five years, and on the follow- 
 ing day he entered the employ of Senator Clark, with 
 whose interests he has since continued to be actively 
 identified. His first employment was in a subordinate 
 position in a quartz mill and after a period of eight 
 months Senator Clark gave him a position in the bank 
 of which he is now cashier. He began at the foot of 
 the ladder and won his advancement through ability, 
 integrity and efficient service. He came into the Clark 
 Bank in July, 1877, and passed through the various 
 .grades of promotion until he was given his present 
 responsible executive position, that of cashier, of which 
 he has been the incumbent since July, 1887. 
 
 Mr. Johnston has not only figured as one of the 
 enterprising and substantial business men of Butte but 
 has also been known as one of the loyal and public- 
 spirited citizens of the state of his adoption, — a com- 
 monwealth in whose development and progress he has 
 shown the deepest interest. Though never showing 
 any desire to enter the arena of so-called practical 
 politics, he accords a staunch allegiance to the Demo-- 
 cratic party, and his religious faith is that of the Pres- 
 byterian church. He is affiliated with the Masonic 
 fraternity and holds membership in the Silver Bow 
 Club, of which he was at one time treasurer and in 
 whose fine club house he has maintained his home 
 for the past several years. Mr. Johnston is a popular 
 factor in the representative social activities of the city. 
 He is unmarried. 
 
 Joseph Weggenman, the secretary and treasurer 
 of the Sanitary Meat Company of Helena was born in 
 that city on St. Valentine’s day of the centennial year 
 of our nation’s independence. When he had finished the 
 public school course at Helena, he engaged in the cigar- 
 making trade for three years. He was then identified 
 with Hinky Brothers, and later with James Blake, learn- 
 ing with them the details of the meat business. Siibse- 
 ouentlv he became the manager of the Helena Packing 
 Company. After a number of years in their employ, Mr. 
 We.ggenman went into business with Thomas Moran of 
 the Sanitary Meat Company, a brief description of which 
 will be found in the sketch of Mr. Moran. Mr. Weggen- 
 man’s thorough acquaintance with all branches of the 
 trade has been of inestimable value to the Sanitary Com- 
 pany, enabling them to avail themselves of the ordinary 
 methods and to improve upon these in various details. 
 Mr. Weggenman is one who possesses not only energy 
 but initiative, and this combination has brought him to 
 the front in his undertakings. A communicant of the 
 Roman Catholic church, he is a member of the Knights 
 of Columbus, and evinces his loyalty to the land of his 
 ancestors by his connection with the Sons of Hermann. 
 
lx»- 
 
 t 
 
 1 : 
 
 •i 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1059 
 
 He supports the policies of the Republican party, but is 
 not prominent in political affairs. 
 
 Mr. Weggenman’s domestic circle includes his wife, 
 Lile (Hebert) Weggenman, and their four children: 
 Hebert, Harold, Vincent and Homer Weggenman. 
 Mrs. Weggenman is also a member of the church of 
 Rome. 
 
 As has been intimated, Mr. Weggenman is of German 
 ancestry. His father was born in the German empire 
 and came to America when young. He was one of the 
 party who crossed the plains with Judge Hilzer in the 
 early fifties, starting from St. Joseph, Missouri, with ox- 
 teams. The long journey was full of hardship and 
 perils and the narty suffered severely before reaching 
 Alder Gulch. The elder Weggenman was a blacksmith 
 and wagon-maker by trade, and in the new settlement 
 he found employment at the forge, where the chief busi- 
 ness was the shoeing of oxen. He did not confine him- 
 self to working in iron, however, but engaged in the 
 search for gold. When the rush to Blackfoot camp 
 occurred, Mr. Weggenman joined the exodus and for 
 five years worked at his trade and sought for ore in 
 that region. His mining ventures did not prove success- 
 ful, though he carried on operations in some good 
 territory. It was he who built the first quartz mill at 
 Tucker’s Gulch, and that was one of the many things 
 which impressed upon him the fact that there is always 
 as much money put into the ground as is ever taken 
 out of it — but not always by the same people. After 
 some years in the Blackfoot, Mr. Weggenman came to 
 Helena and started a general blacksmithing and wagon 
 works plant. This proved a success, for Mr. Weggen- 
 man was a master of his art and he continued at this 
 business in Helena until his death in 1884. 
 
 Mr. Weggenman had married Miss Gertrude Ries- 
 man, an Austrian by birth, and there were five children 
 by his marriage with her. Besides Joseph of this sketch, 
 who is the fourth in point of age, there are two brothers 
 and two sisters. Louis Weggenman is a shoe merchant 
 of San Diego, California; Oscar is employed in the 
 post office at Helena; Gertrude resides in St. Paul, and 
 Matilda is Mrs. James Norris, of Helena. The mother 
 married Samuel Dempster of San Diego, California, 
 some years after her first husband’s death, and they 
 resided in San Diego. Mr. Dempster died in 1896. 
 There are. two children of the second marriage : Samuel 
 Dempster lives in Sweetgrass, Montana, while Teiny is 
 at home with her parents in San Diego. 
 
 Mr. Weggenman is the son of a pioneer, and he has 
 acquitted himself in a fashion worthy of that parentage 
 in the comparatively brief time he has been in the com- 
 mercial field. He is still a young man, though estab- 
 lished in a substantial institution, and his acquaintances 
 are confident that he is only well started upon what he 
 will achieve. 
 
 Martin A. Wither. One of the leading wagon and 
 carriage manufacturers of Montana is" Martin A. Wit- 
 mer, a resident of Helena since 1876, and for many 
 years prominently identified with the civic and political 
 life of his city and state. From a small beginning Mr. 
 W'.tmer has, by the wise application of the valuable 
 business instincts which were his inherent possessions, 
 together with the thorough technical and mechanical 
 knowledge of a practical carriage and wagon maker, 
 succeeded in building up a business which has for many 
 years represented the acme of success in his line of 
 manufacturing. He has been prominent in affairs per- 
 taining to the government of his city, and as a member 
 of the city council for eight years has been able to 
 accomplish much for the welfare of the city. He has 
 also represented his district in the state legislature and 
 in that capacity ably demonstrated his ability as a man 
 of action in that respect. 
 
 Martin A. Witmer was born in Ontario, Canada, 
 April 14, 1848, and he is the son of Martin Witmer, 
 
 V 01. 11 — 1 4 
 
 born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, who died in 
 Ontario in 1852 at the age of sixty years. In his early 
 days Martin Witmer was a school teacher and taught 
 school in the country districts for some time, but later 
 was engaged at farming, which he followed the rest of 
 his life. He finally migrated to Ontario, and he was 
 one of the pioneer settlers of his section of the province 
 in which he passed the remainder of his life. The 
 mother of Martin A. Witmer was Catherine Rerdinar, 
 born in Gennany in 1812, and she came to America with 
 her parents at the age of five years. She died in 1878 
 at the age of sixty-six years. 
 
 The early education of Martin A. Witmer was not 
 of an expansive order, but such as he received came 
 to him through the avenues of the common schools of 
 the town in which he was reared. While yet in his 
 early ’teens he secured employment as an apprentice 
 to James Anderson to learn the trade of wagon and 
 carriage building. One year he passed in careful work 
 with this firm, at the end of which time he secured a 
 similar position with James Morgan, Canada’s leading 
 wagon and carriage builder. The training of an appren- 
 tice boy in Canada at the time of Martin Witmer’s 
 youth left nothing to be desired in the way of careful 
 and thorough-going training and mastery of all the 
 intricacies and details of skillful work, but it left much 
 to be imagined in the matter of remuneration for ser- 
 vices, — a striking contrast to our present day system 
 of paying our apprentices a living wage from the be- 
 ginning of service, and increasing his wage step liy 
 step until he is drawing the salary his trade commands 
 by the time he has finished his apprenticeship. Be that 
 as it may, the fact remains that when Martin Witmer 
 had finished his apprenticeship with James Morgan he 
 was twenty-one years old and a skillful wagon and car- 
 riage maker. He was thoroughly qualified to make 
 wagons and carriages for the most critical people in the 
 land, and since that time he has been demonstrating 
 that fact with the utmost success. On May g, 1872, his 
 trade completed, he decided to come to the United 
 States. He started immediately, and his first stop was 
 at Corrinne, Utah, where he secured employment with 
 the firm of Gilmore & Salisbury, operating the then 
 famous Continental Stage Line. He built and repaired 
 stage coaches for this *firm until 1876, when he left 
 their employ and came on to Helena, then a small city 
 of a few thousand inhabitants. His first position was 
 with Charles M. Jeffreys in the same line of work, and 
 he remained with Jeffreys for five years. At that time 
 he and his brother, Joseph R. Witmer, who was also 
 proficient in the same trade, bought out the Jeffrey’s 
 firm, then an unpretentious affair, located where the 
 Bailey block now stands. From that small beginning 
 they have developed the present flourishing concern, 
 although many and striking have been the changes made 
 in their quarters since that time. After a few years 
 they sold the original site at a figure which was then 
 considered phenomenal, judging from the prevailing 
 market on real estate, and purchased the corner at 
 Logan and Eighth, their present site, a large factory 
 building, to better facilitate the carrying on of the ever- 
 increasing business. Besides his valuable piece of prop- 
 erty Mr. Witmer is the owner of a considerable amount 
 of Helena realty, which he regards as one of his wisest 
 investments, believing as he does that Helena wjll at 
 no far distant date be recognized as one of the leading 
 cities of the northwest. In addition to these properties 
 he is the owner of an eight hundred acre ranch in 
 Powell county, which he has developed into one of the 
 fine ranch properties for which Montana is famous. He 
 has a fine dwelling on the ranch and it is furnished 
 with every possible variety of barn and stable that 
 might be required for the proper housing of his pos- 
 sessions. He has a herd of several hundred head of 
 fine cattle and horses, and the ranch is carefully man- 
 aged by an experienced rancher in his employ. 
 
1060 
 
 HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 As intimated in a previous paragraph, Mr. Witmer 
 has not been slothful in regard to his public duty. 
 He has served Helena long and faithfully as a member 
 of her city council, and has to his credit a record of 
 eight years of service in the capacity of councilman. 
 He also served in the state legislature in igo8 as a 
 member of the committee on mileage and per diem, 
 improvements and manufacturing, labor and fish, and 
 game, and has always borne a clean and honest record 
 for fair dealing with the public in whatever capacity he 
 might be called upon to act for them. He is a Republi- 
 can in his political affiliations, always true to the inter- 
 ests of the party and ardent in its support. He is an 
 attendant of the Congregational church, of which Mrs. 
 Witmer is a member. A great nature lover, Air. Wit- 
 mer is particularly fond of hunting and fishing, and 
 on the rare occasions when he can escape from the 
 multiplicity of business cares which rest upon him he 
 is apt to indulge himself in those healthful sports. He 
 is, in addition to his many other business interests, the 
 president of the West Side Mercantile Company, a 
 corporation which is an agreeable source of revenue to 
 him. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Witmer was married to Miss Sarah E. 
 Welden, of Corrinne, Utah, where their marriage took 
 place. Mr. and Mrs. Witmer are both members of the 
 Order of the Eastern Star, and he is a member of King 
 Solomon Lodge, F. & A. M., being made a master 
 Mason in Springfield, Ontario, Canada, soon after reach- 
 ing his majority. 
 
 George M. Miles. The men who control the financial 
 institutions of a community are usually representative 
 in other lines of activity, having engaged in banking 
 after a preliminary business training which has proven 
 their possession of the acumen, judgment, foresight and 
 knowledge necessary in the field of finances. In George 
 M. Miles, president of the First National Bank of Miles 
 City, Montana, is found a thoroughly equipped business 
 man, and under his leadership the affairs of this finan- 
 cial institution are in a very prosperous condition. Mr. 
 Miles was born October 25, 1854, at Westminster, Massa- 
 chusetts, and he is a son of Daniel C. and Lucy Ann 
 (Puffer) Miles. 
 
 It would appear that the Miles family originated in 
 Wales, and from that place, in 1662, came Rev. John 
 Miles to the American colonies, establishing his home 
 at Swansea, Massachusetts. He was evidently a mili- 
 tant preacher, and the family records show that he 
 served through King Philip’s war and possibly in 
 other Indian, uprisings. One of his descendants who, 
 with an inheritance of many other admirable qual- 
 ities, possessed great military prowess, is one of the 
 distinguished citizens of the United States today. Ref- 
 erence is made to Gen. Nelson A. Miles, whose nota- 
 ble achievements in military life are known to every 
 school boy in the land, and who was at one time com- 
 mander-in-chief of the L^nited States army, but is now 
 retired. This eminent soldier is an uncle of George M. 
 Miles of Miles City. Daniel C. Miles, the father of the 
 latter, was also born on the old family homestead at 
 Westminster, Massachusetts (June S, 1827, being the 
 date of his birth), and he has spent the greater portion 
 of his life in his native section, although his business 
 interests have been wide-spread, including a partner- 
 ship with his son, George M., in the sheep business in 
 Montana in 1878. He was president of the Westminster 
 National Bank and was formerly a farmer and chair 
 manufacturer, also being connected with the lumber 
 industry. He died on February 22, 1912, at the vener- 
 able age of eighty-five years. For seven years Mr. Miles 
 served as a United States bank examiner, and through- 
 out his long and busy life was a man on whom his 
 fellow citizens ever relied in a business way, and to 
 whom they accorded the fullest respect and esteem. 
 He was a leading member of the Baptist church at 
 
 Westminster, and for man}' years was identified with 
 the Masonic fraternity. He married Lucy Ann Puffer, 
 who died in 1864. hive children were born to them, 
 three sons and two daughters, namely; Josie M., now 
 the wife of Prof. AI. M. Parker, of Pasadena, Califor- 
 nia; George AI. ; Herbert J., a resident of Clyde Park, 
 Montana; Arthur W., of Livingston, Alontana; and" 
 Gertrude, who died at the age of sixteen years. 
 
 George AI. Aliles attended the public schools of West- 
 minster and Worcester, Alassachusetts, and in 1875 was 
 graduated from the Alassachusetts Agricultural College 
 at Amherst. In the following year he came to iVIontana 
 in the capacity of quartermaster's clerk with the Fifth 
 Regiment (Regulars) commanded by his uncle, Gen. 
 Nelson A. Aides. His first place of residence was two 
 miles east of the present site of Aliles (Aity. It was not 
 long before Mr. Miles received the great opportunities 
 then offered in the sheep industry and he interested his 
 father, with the result that together they embarked in 
 the business in Custer county, on the Yellowstone river, 
 being the first wool growers in this great wool country, 
 shipping wool out by boat several years before the 
 railroad came. Later he went into the cattle business- 
 and continued in both lines for many years. In 1880 
 he became the senior member of the firm of Miles, Stre- 
 vell & Ulmer, dealing in hardware and having stores at 
 Buffalo, Wyoming, and at Ogden, Utah, as well as at 
 Miles City. The business continued thus until 1892 
 when the senior and junior partners took over Mr. Stre- 
 vell’s interest, the firm of Miles & Ulmer becoming an 
 incorporated company, of which A'lr. Aliles was made 
 president. In 1892 he was one of the organizers of the 
 .First National Bank of Aliles City, of which Joseph 
 Leighton was the first president. Air. Miles and John 
 Carter are the only original incorporators who yet 
 remain associated with the bank. Until 1907 Mr. Miles 
 served as vice president, and in that year he was elected 
 president of the bank, an office which he still continues 
 to fill. The First National Bank does an immense 
 volume of business, sufficient to place Aliles City third 
 in financial importance in Montana — only those of Butte 
 and Helena exceeding it. In 1911 the bank took posses- 
 sion of its present spacious quarters, the new building 
 having been erected with due regard to the further 
 expansion of the bank and its interests. 
 
 The officers of the First National Bank of Miles City 
 are : George M. Aliles, president ; J. M. Holt, vice pres- 
 ident; H. B. Wiley, cashier; W. S. Snell and H. F. Lee, 
 assistant cashiers. The board of directors is made up 
 of the following capitalists : G. M. Aliles, F. C. Robert- 
 son, F. H. Connor, John Carter, J. M. Holt, Kenneth 
 McLean, S. F. Cale, and H. B. Wiley. The capital, 
 surplus and profits of the bank are $375,000, with depos- 
 its of $2,000,000. 
 
 Air. Miles has been twice married. His first wife was 
 Miss Helen Strevill, whom he married on December 22, 
 1880. She was born at Pontiac, Illinois, and died on 
 July 9, 1887, leaving one son, Jason D‘. In March, 1897, 
 Mr. Miles married Miss Laura Ritner, a native of Phila- 
 delphia, Pennsylvania, and they had three daughters; 
 Ruth R., Helen G., and Mary C. 
 
 In the years of his identification with Miles City Air. 
 Miles has witnessed many changes in the state, and it is 
 due largely to men of his type that these changes have 
 been beneficial and that Alontana has forged ahead, and, 
 young as she is, occupies so creditable a position among 
 her sister states. He has always held the interests of 
 the state close to his heart and has been especially prom- 
 inent in his activities for the city which bears his name. 
 At a recent brilliant affair held at the Aliles home to- 
 commemorate the first settlement of the city thirty-si.x 
 years ago. Air. and Airs. Aliles entertained three hun- 
 dred guests. Of this function a Miles City paper says^ 
 “Mr. and Mrs. George M. Miles delightfully entertained 
 last evening with a reception at their pretty home on 
 South Lake avenue. The affair was given to commemo- 
 
i 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1061 
 
 rate the thirty-sixth anniversary of the settlement of 
 Miles City. Invitations had been issued for some four 
 hundred guests who were received between the hours 
 of eight and ten. The lawn was beautifully decorated 
 for the occasion with electricity and inside the home 
 were some unique adornments suggesting the pioneer 
 days. A feature was a miniature lake with real sod on 
 its banks and an Indian tepee near. 
 
 “During the evening a five-piece orchestra discoursed 
 sweet music and a sumptuous repast was served the 
 guests. An interesting feature of the evening was a 
 large collection of photographs, souvenirs and other 
 relics which Mr. Miles had accumulated during his long 
 residence in this section. The Hood of i88i and street 
 scenes of 1878 attracted much attention. 
 
 “Mr. Miles came to this section years ago. He has 
 seen it grow from a mere handful of people who 
 gathered at the mouth of the Tongue river in the first 
 part of September, 1876, when Military Post No. i was 
 established, to the prosperous and progressive cit\^ of 
 the present time. He has watched the development of 
 the great northwest and has seen changes in this part of 
 the country which are almost unbelievable in their far- 
 reaching character. The old west, as Mr. Miles knew 
 it, is practically a memory of the past, and in its place 
 has sprung up a new civilization, replete with advan- 
 tages, luxuries and opportunities, of which those of less 
 than a generation ago did not even dream.” 
 
 In various ways Mr. Miles is prominent in Custer 
 county, other than as a financier. In the early eighties 
 he served as a member of the board of county commis- 
 sioners, being appointed by the governor, and being the 
 first United States commissioner and the first notary 
 public in Custer county. During his service in public 
 life he contributed not a little to the expulsion of offi- 
 cials who were fattening at the public expense. He has 
 always favored public spirited enterprises when assured 
 of their ultimate usefulness and has done much in the 
 way of establishing public utilities in Miles City. He 
 has been secretary of the Miles City Cemetery Associa- 
 tion for twenty years, and president of the Young Men’s 
 Christian Association since its organization. He is 
 president of both the Miles City Trust & Realty Com- 
 pany and the Ekalaka Telephone Company of Miles 
 City. 
 
 Mr. Miles was reared in the Baptist church, but as 
 that denomination was not represented in Miles City, 
 he united with the Presbyterian church, in which in 
 which he is an elder, and since 1878 he has been super- 
 intendent of the Sunday school, accepting the office 
 when the school was first organized, and, in spite of 
 his many other duties, has ever since continued to give 
 of his time and attention in the furtherance of its work. 
 He is a Mason of the Knight Templar degree, and is 
 identified with Yellowstone Lodge No. 26, A. F. & 
 A. M. ; Miles City Chapter No. 14, R. A. M. ; and Miles 
 City Commandery, No. ii, Knights Templar. 
 
 Thomas McGirl. Presenting as it does a worthy 
 example to the rising generation, the life of Thomas 
 McGirl, which from early boyhood has been one of 
 assiduous industry, untiring energy and unquestioned 
 integrity, is well deserving of being sketched, how- 
 ever briefly, in the pages of this volume. Mr. McGirl 
 was born in County Leitrim, Ireland, in November, 
 1845, and is a son of Patrick and Sarah (McGovern) 
 McGirl, also natives of the Emerald Isle, the former of 
 whom died when Thomas was but one year old. 
 
 In 1848 Mr. McGirl’s mother took her eight small 
 sons to the United States, believing that there were 
 better educational facilities in the new world, and that 
 she could give her children more opportunities to make 
 a success in life. Locating first at Woonsocket, Rhode 
 Island, in 18,^5 she removed to Lexington, Missouri, 
 and at that place her death occurred in 1878. Thomas 
 McGirl’s education was secured in the schools of 
 
 Woonsocket, but the greater part of his tuition was 
 given in the school of hard work, as he was only nine 
 years of age when he was compelled to leave the school 
 house to take up his duties as a laborer on the farm. 
 In April, 1863, along with four of his seven brothers, 
 he enlisted for service in the Union army, becoming a 
 member of the Fifth Regiment, Missouri Volunteer 
 Infantry, with which he served gallantly until the close 
 of the war. In 1865 he crossed the plains from Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, to Fort Union, New Mexico, but during 
 the same year returned to his old Missouri home, and 
 until 1873 was engaged in farming and stockraising in 
 partnership with his brother James. In the fall of that 
 year he removed to Texas, and after two years there 
 went to Rock Springs, Wyoming, where he was em- 
 ployed by a bridge construction company engaged in 
 erecting the Union Pacific bridges. The spring of 
 1876 saw his advent into Montana, and for a year he 
 was employed in the Butte mines, but on May 20, 
 1877, located homestead and pre-emption claims at 
 Huntley, near the old Baker battle ground on the 
 Yellowstone. Here he and his partners established a 
 stopping and trading place, and built a cable ferry 
 across the river. In 1880 he engaged in the cattle 
 business and during the next two years supplied the 
 track and grading forces of the Northern Pacific with 
 beef, and continued to operate his ferry until 1884, 
 from which time until his retirement he gave all his 
 attention to his Huntley ranch, which consisted of 
 1,400 acres, and produced over 1,000 tons of alfalfa a 
 year. An able and industrious ranchman, he developed 
 one of the finest and most valuable properties in the 
 Yellowstone valley, and became one of the leading 
 and substantial citizens of his locality. While residing 
 on his ranch he was a member of the school board, and 
 realizing from his own experiences the handicap of a 
 lack of educational training, devoted a great deal of 
 attention to improving the public school system. In 
 1905 Mr. McGirl sold his ranch and moved to Billings, 
 where he has since made his residence at the Young 
 Men’s Christian Association, of which he is a liberal 
 supporter. Each year he has devoted a certain length 
 of time to travel, and he now spends his winters in 
 California^ although the winter of igii-12 found him 
 in Hawaii. Mr. McGirl has been very prominent in 
 Masonry, belonging to Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, A. F. & 
 A. M. ; Billings Cliapter, No. 6, R. A. M. ; Aldemar 
 Commandery, No. 5, K. T., and Algeria Temple, of 
 Helena. He was one of the most liberal contributors 
 to the building fund of the beautiful Masonic Temple 
 in Billings in 1910 and was deeply gratified when its 
 building, in the same year, was an accomplished fact. 
 In political matters Mr. McGirl is a Republican, but 
 he has never been desirous of holding public office. 
 As an honored veteran of the great Civil war, Mr, Mc- 
 Girl is a popular comrade of William McKinley Post, 
 No. 28, Grand Army of the Republic. He has nev^er 
 married. 
 
 Charles R. Watkins. The raising of sheep has 
 enlisted the activities of a number of the foremost citi- 
 zens of the Yellowstone valley, and among them one 
 who has achieved success in this line and has been 
 a participant in the struggles between the cattlemen 
 and the sheep raisers of the early days is Charles R. 
 Watkins, who now has large holdings in this industry, 
 although he makes his home in Billings. Mr. Watkins 
 was born in Iowa county, Iowa, May ii, 1858, and is a 
 son of William J. and Sarah Jane (Hudson) Watkins, 
 natives respectively of Virginia (now West Virginia) 
 and Indiana. 
 
 William J. Watkins removed from his native state 
 to Henry county, Indiana, and from there to Iowa 
 county, Iowa, in 1850, and at the latter place 
 engaged in farming and stock raising, as well 
 as in the manufacture of brick, in which industry 
 
1062 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 he was a pioneer in that section. In 1882 he took 
 up his residence at Creighton, Knox county, Nebraska, 
 but after seven or eight years spent in farming and 
 cattle raising returned to Iowa, and spent his last 
 days in Keokuk, where his death occurred in 1900, 
 when he had reached the age of seventy-six years. His 
 wife, wlio was also seventy-six years old at the time 
 of her death, passed away in 1902, and they had a 
 family of ten sons and two daughters, six sons stilt 
 surviving. William J. Watkins identified himself witli 
 Masonry in early manhood and continued a prominent 
 Mason throughout his life. In politics he was a strong 
 Jacksonian Democrat. 
 
 Charles R. Watkins was the seventh in order of 
 birth of his parents’ children, and his boyhood days 
 were spent under the parental roof. Like other farm- 
 ers’ boys of his day, he spent the winter months in 
 attending the district schools, while in the summer 
 he assisted in the work of the home farm. At the 
 age of ei.ghteen years he left home and started out to 
 make his own way in the world, and after spending 
 some time in working cattle in Colorado, came over- 
 land to Virginia City, Montana, and a few months 
 later moved on to Bozeman. In March, 1882, he made 
 a visit to the Judith country, and after a short stay 
 settled in Custer (now Yellowstone) county, where he 
 engaged in the cattle business, shipping extensively 
 to the Chicago and Omaha markets. In 1898 Mr. 
 
 Watkins retired from the cattle business, sold his 
 interests and became the first sheep raiser near Cody, 
 in the Big Horn Basin, thereby incurring the enmity 
 of the cattle raisers, who finally raided his flock and 
 drove liim from the business. Subsequently, however, 
 a settlement was effected, the cattle raisers being com- 
 pelled to remunerate him for his loss, and he continued 
 in the business until 1909, when he sold the greater part 
 of his herds and came to Billings. He still carries on 
 the business to some extent, however, and has 400 
 acres of land in Clark's Fork valley, on one of the 
 lines of the Northern Pacific Railroad, nine miles from 
 Billings, and between Bridger and Belfry. He is an 
 excellent business man and has various interests in 
 Billings, where his residence is located at No. 212 North 
 Thirtieth street. He was made a Mason in Farmers 
 Lodge, No. 128, in Iowa county, Iowa, and now holds 
 membership in Billings Chapter, No. 6, R. A. M. ; 
 Aldemar Commandery, No. 5, K. T., and Algeria 
 Temple, Helena. In political matters he is a Republi- 
 can, but he has never sought nor cared for public 
 preferment. 
 
 On July I, 1883, Mr. Watkins was married to Miss 
 Annie Garrett, who was born at Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, and she died August 15, 1893, having had 
 three children, namely : Ray G., Mary L. and Beulah 
 G., all living in Billings. 
 
 Henry A. Frith. In the early days of the west the 
 more favored districts drew to themselves the men of 
 greatest ambition, foresight and sagacity. These sought 
 the fields that held out to them the most in the way 
 of promise for the future, and settling there bent their 
 energies to laying the foundation of prosperity for them- 
 selves and their posterity. Thus it is that the Yellow- 
 stone valley was fortunate in its pioneers. They were 
 not only of sturdy stock fit to endow their descendants 
 with the physical strength to build up a great com- 
 munity, but they were also above the average in mental 
 grasp and moral fibre. They were able to discern the 
 opportunities which the region held forth, and possessed 
 the sound judgment, ability and courage to direct these 
 to their full fruition. One of the early settlers of the 
 Yellowstone valley, and now a leading member of the 
 legal profession, is Henry A. Frith, of Billings, who is 
 serving his seventh term as referee in bankruptcy for the 
 fifth district of the state. The adyentures which have 
 been crowded into Mr. Frith's life make his biography 
 
 seem more like fiction, and a number of sections have 
 at various times claimed him as resident, but throughT 
 out his career his aim has been ever upward, and today 
 there is no more honored member of the Montana bar. 
 
 Born in bonny Scotland, in the busy city of Edin- 
 burgh, Henry A. Frith comes of a fine old Scotch family. 
 His parents were Henry A. and Christina (Monroe) 
 Frith, and from the former, who was a caricaturist, he 
 inherited some talent for drawing, and when he was only 
 eleven years of age began to learn heraldic painting and 
 japanning, devoting his attention thereto for two years. 
 Subsequently he served an apprenticeship of seven 
 years in lithographic printing, the last year in London, 
 and was also for two years connected with the artillery 
 division of the Scottish militia in Edinburgh. During 
 the spring of 1868, Mr. Frith left his native country for 
 the United States and after landing in New York was 
 for six months employed as a lithographic printer. He 
 then went to Washington, D. C., where he enlisted in 
 the Twenty-ninth United States Infantry, which subse- 
 quently became the Eleventh United States Infantry, 
 and the regiment was sent to Texas, where it was en- 
 gaged in keeping order during the reconstruction period. 
 After securing his honorable discharge, Mr. Frith be- 
 came associated with the semi-military organization 
 known as the State Police of Texas, under Governor 
 Davis, and was in the division commanded by Adjutant- 
 General Davidson. In this service he was wounded sev- 
 eral times and had many thrilling experiences and nar- 
 row escapes from death. On one occasion he was 
 nearly lynched, and it was only through the quick action 
 of the sheriff and several of his deputies, assisted by a 
 number of the leading business men. that his life was 
 spared. Unknown to Mr. Frith, the mayor and city 
 marshal of Hearne, Robertson county, had been at- 
 tacked and driven into the mayor’s office where they 
 barricaded themselves against three desperate men bent 
 on murder. Mr. Frith chanced to sit down in front of 
 the mayor’s office when one of the desperadoes drew 
 a revolver on him. Mr. Frith managed to knock this 
 out of his hand but was severely wounded by the re- 
 volver of another of the trio, while the third attacked 
 and wounded him with a knife. Before they had over- 
 powered him Mr. Frith shot one of the party, and he 
 then consented to be confined in jail. It was during 
 the night that Mr. Frith came near being lynched. Sub- 
 sequently he was taken to the county seat and there 
 released and he remained in the service for another 
 year, resigning in i8~’2 to teach a negro school, where 
 he was compelled to sit all day with a large revolver on 
 the desk at his side to guard him from attack, his life 
 having been threatened time and again. 
 
 After teaching for about a year, Mr. Frith returned 
 to the western part of the state and reenlisted in his 
 old regiment and company, and during 1873-1874 served 
 for six months in the field under General McKenzie, 
 against the Indians. In 1875 he was under A. W. 
 Greeley, of Arctic fame, then attached to the signal 
 corps, and remained in Texas until the time of the 
 Custer massacre, when the regiment was ordered to 
 Montana and stationed at Standing Rock during the 
 winter of 1876-77. The regiment participated in the 
 disarming of the Sioux, and in the following spring 
 proceeded into what is now Custer couqty, where it 
 established Forts Keough and Custer under General 
 Miles. Mr. Frith was present when this general inter- 
 cepted the Bannack Indians while en route to the Yel- 
 lowstone National Park, in the fall of 1877, and they 
 encountered eighty Bannacks at what is now known 
 as Bennett Creek, named in honor of Captain Bennett 
 who was killed in this fight. The Indians were en- 
 trenched on this creek and at early dawn the troops 
 surprised and opened fire on the savages, capturing 
 thirty-six of them and all of the horses, and the pris- 
 oners were brought to Fort Custer. Mr. Frith there 
 secured a three months’ furlough, at which time he lo- 
 
<2>. 
 
t 
 
 I 
 
 
 ts. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1063 
 
 catcd a United States homestead near Huntley, Yellow- 
 stone county, and at the expiration of his furlough was 
 honorably discharged and engaged in ranching on his 
 property, also conducting a general store near Huntley. 
 
 In 1879 when the Yogo mines were discovered, Mr. 
 Frith went over to the Judith river and devoted his 
 attention to mining operations and general merchan- 
 dising one year, during this time being deputy recorder 
 of Yogo mining district. In the winter of 1880, Mr. 
 Frith established a winter trading post and built the first 
 house and stockade on the north side of the lower 
 Musselshell river, returning to Huntley in the spring 
 and going again to Musselshell for the winter_ and then 
 coming again to Huntley to look after his business dur- 
 ing the following summer. 
 
 In 1892 Mr. Frith commenced the study of law in the 
 Sprague Correspondence School of Law, of Detroit, 
 Michigan, and after disposing of his Huntley interests, 
 in 1894, he matriculated in the Kent College of Law, 
 at Chicago, completing a thorough course and grad- 
 uating in the class of 1896. He then obtained permis- 
 sion to practice in all the courts of Illinois, and returned 
 to Montana, in the courts of which state he was admit- 
 ted to practice in June of the same year. He at once 
 opened an office in Billings, and is now located in the 
 First National Bank building. He is now serving his 
 seventh term as United States referee in bankruptcy 
 for the fifth district of the state, to which office he was 
 first appointed June 23, 1899. 
 
 Mr. Frith married Helen G. Miller, in Anaconda, 
 Montana, on the 24th of April, 1905. Mrs. Frith is a 
 charming woman, of considerable intellectual gifts and 
 is president of the Woman’s Club of Billings, as well as 
 being prominent in the social affairs of the city. 
 
 Mr. Frith was one of the organizers of the Pioneers’ 
 Association of eastern Montana, of which he has been 
 the secretary since its inception. iMr. Frith’s immediate 
 success in his chosen profession proved him to be an 
 able lawyer and his rise has been rapid. He possesses 
 a keen and analytical mind and a broad and compre- 
 hensive mental vision, enabling him to grasp the funda- 
 mental and basic elements of the subject under consid- 
 eration. He has served as counsel in some very im- 
 portant litigation, and his superior merit has obtained 
 the recognition that it deserves. Ever since taking up 
 the practice of law in Billings and making his _ resi- 
 dence here, he has been constant and untiring in his en- 
 deavor to promote the city’s best interests _ and has 
 given his support to all measures for the public benefit. 
 In political matters he is an independent, and although 
 for fifteen years his sympathies have been with Demo- 
 cratic principles, he has on various occasions exercised 
 the right to give his support to the candidates whom 
 he deems best fitted for the office. 
 
 John E. D.vwson has been identified with com- 
 mercial enterprises in one capacity or another since 
 his boyhood, and has acquired a thorough knowledge 
 of the business, which has made possible the high 
 standing he bears in mercantile circles in Glasgow 
 and Valley county. In addition to the prestige which 
 his business operations have brought to him, Mr. Daw- 
 son is further honored in that he is mayor of his city, 
 having been elected to the office in 1909 and re-elected 
 to succeed himself in 1911. That he has further evi- 
 denced his ability in executive capacities is an accepted 
 fact in Glasgow, and he is known for one of the most 
 valuable citizens in the community. 
 
 Air. Dawson is a native product of the state of 
 A'lontana, born on the 27th day of December, 1876, 
 at Boulder, Montana. He is the son of Thomas and 
 Alary (Smith) Dawson. The father was a pioneer of 
 Last Chance Gulch, and an early stock raiser of 
 Boulder vallev, and is now living in Boulder, Alon- 
 tana. The wife and mother was a native of Wisconsin 
 and was one of the first students to attend St. Vincent’s 
 
 Academy at Helena. Four sons were born to them. 
 William W., the eldest, is a stock raiser and horse- 
 man in Boulder valley; Thomas F. is connected with 
 the. Great Northern Railroad Company, and is located 
 at Hinsdale, Alontana ; Peter J. remains with his par- 
 ents at Boulder, and John E., of this review, resident 
 of Gla.sgow. 
 
 After completing the curriculum of the public schools 
 of his native town, John Dawson attended the state 
 college at Bozeman, Alontana, specializing in a course 
 in commercial study. In 1896 he began his first work 
 as a clerk with the Hennessy Alercantile Company 
 of Butte, with which firm he remained for one year, 
 then accepting a similar position with Case, Gravell & 
 Erwin Company, also of Butte, and he remained with 
 that firm until 1900. In that year he left them to 
 take a more responsible and lucrative position as de- 
 partment manager for Thomas O’Hanlan Company 
 of Chinook, and he continued with that firm for a period 
 of six years. He next came to Glasgow to take charge 
 of a department for the Lewis-Wedum Company, his 
 association with that firm beginning in the spring of 
 1906. In the autumn of the same year Air. Dawson 
 acquired, by purchase, an interest in the firm, and he 
 has since continued as one of the partners, his previous 
 wide experience and his well developed natural abili- 
 ties in merchandising making him a valuable addition 
 to the personnel of the firm. 
 
 Air. Dawson has always been a public-spirited man, 
 taking a hearty and genuine interest in all civic mat- 
 ters, and not denying a share of his time and atten- 
 tion to matters of a public nature. In that respect, 
 while a resident of Chinook, Air. Dawson served that 
 city as a member of the council, and since his residence 
 in Glasgow has acted in a similar capacity, in addition 
 to which he has so far proved himself a part of Glas- 
 gow and her interests that he has been twice elected 
 to the mayoralty of the city, as mentioned in a pre- 
 vious paragraph. On the whole, his life in this com- 
 munity has been thus far one of the greatest useful- 
 ness, and Glasgow recognizes in him one of her worth- 
 iest citizens. Mr. Dawson is a democrat and is active 
 and prominent in local politics. He is invariably to be 
 found oresent at the county conventions of the party, 
 his prominence in business circles being not less marked 
 than his popularity in political and social affairs. His 
 circle of friends is coincident with that of his acquaint- 
 ances, and he is one of the most widely known men 
 in the state. 
 
 In 1902 Air. Dawson was united in marriage with 
 Aliss Alamie J. Ross, a native of Nova Scotia. She 
 is the daughter of George Ross, a pioneer farmer of 
 Alilk river valley and a man of no little prominence 
 in that section of the country. Air. and Mrs. Daw- 
 son are the parents of one child, Edwin Kenneth Daw- 
 son. 
 
 Joseph Wesley Crowell was born in Alontana, has 
 always lived in this state, and intends to die in it, 
 in due time, being still a young man. Helena was his 
 native city, and he was born in the historic year of 
 1876, on June 19. His father, Joseph Wesley (Ilrowell, 
 Sr., was an Ohioan, born at Cincinnati, and he began 
 his venturous career in the year of 1840. He moved 
 to Nebraska in time to join the volunteers from that 
 state in the Civil war, in which he served during the 
 whole four years. At the age of nineteen he was 
 married to Hannah Lundwall, who had come to Amer- 
 ica from Sweden at the age of seven with her parents, 
 Henry and Hannah Lundwall. The family settled in 
 Omaha, and Henry Lundwall also served in the Civil 
 war and was wounded while in action. There were 
 fourteen children born to Air. and Airs. Crowell, seven 
 daughters and seven sons, Joseph W. being the tenth 
 in point of age. Air. Crowell, Sr., came to Alontana 
 in 1862 with a bunch of government horses. He first 
 
lOGi 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 stopped at Corinne, went from there to Bannack City, 
 then to Bozeman and finally to Helena, where he is 
 still living. His wife died in Bozeman at the age of 
 eighty-two and is buried there. Her father died from 
 the effects of the wound received in the war and 
 was buried in Omaha. Ever since coming to Mon- 
 tana, Mr. Crowell has followed mining, and though 
 not now actively engaged in that occupation, he still 
 lias interests in it. 
 
 Joseph W. Crowell, Jr., spent most of the first 
 twenty years of his life in Helena, receiving his edu- 
 cation in the schools of that city. From Helena he 
 went to Havre, where he engaged in the business which 
 he had followed in his native city. In Helena he had 
 worked for a bill posting company, and when he moved 
 to Havre he went into the same line of business, but 
 this time for himself. As division point of the Great 
 Northern Railway, the city furnished a good field 
 for the theatrical and bill-posting enterprise, and Mr. 
 Crowell remained in this town for seven years, and 
 in that time had saved up $5,000. Unfortunately, he 
 was acting as his own banker and safe deposit guar- 
 dian, a trunk representing the safe. A fire destroyed 
 the building, and the trunk with it. Fire protection 
 was inadequate in that place, and it was impossible to 
 rescue anything. 
 
 It was exceedingly discouraging to see the fruits of 
 his seven years’ toil go up in smoke, but Mr. Crowell 
 is a real Montanian, and felt that the only thing to 
 do when he had lost his money was to get busy and 
 make some more. Accordingly, be came to Butte in 
 1897 and took charge of the Montana Bill- Posting- 
 Company under Charles Schatzlein. Since that time 
 Mr. Crowell has been continuously in this city, and 
 in the employ of the same concern. When he took 
 charge of the business the company had only wooden 
 boards, but now they have supplied themselves with 
 steel ones. Under Mr. Crowell’s management the busi- 
 ness has been built up to one of the finest in the west, 
 and theatrical agents declare that they get better serv- 
 ice here than in many of the great cities. This is not 
 surprising, as Mr. Crowell has devoted his entire time 
 to this business, and he brings to it characteristic 
 Montana initiative. Another of Mr. Crowell’s inter- 
 ests is as advertising manager of the Broadway The- 
 ater, the leading play house of the city. 
 
 In politics the Republican party receives his support, 
 and also his active interest. He is a strong factor 
 in the local organization and is well known in the 
 councils of the party. In the fraternal orders he be- 
 longs to the Woodmen of the World. Both he and 
 Mrs. Crowell are members of the Methodist church, 
 and loyal supporters of all its enterprises. 
 
 Mrs. Crowell was formerly Miss Dora Springel, 
 of this city. Her father is Mr. Jacob Springel, who 
 conducts a ladies’ tailoring establishment in Butte. 
 Miss Springel was born in Chicago, but came to Butte 
 when a child and has grown up here. She was mar- 
 ried to Mr. Crowell in igo8, and they have one child, 
 Rosa, now two years of age. Mr. Crowell is a self- 
 made man in the truest sense of the word and he 
 has every reason to take pride in his achievements. 
 
 Albert J. Galen. One of the distinguished lawyers 
 of the state, Albert J. Galen, attorney general of Mon- 
 tana, is in truest sense indigenous to this common- 
 wealth. He is the son of one of the powerful, sturdy 
 pioneers who laid the paths straight and clean for 
 present day progress and prosperity. His father, an 
 Irishman in point of nativity, cast his fortunes with 
 Montana many years before it was admitted to state- 
 hood; played an important part in the vigorous life 
 of the new country and died wealthy and widely 
 known. His qualities of courage, determination and 
 magnificent executive ability have been transmitted to 
 his son, the subject, who stands an ornament to his 
 
 profession, as well as one of Montana’s most valued 
 public officials and a commanding figure in the affairs 
 of tne Republican party. 
 
 Mr. Galen was born on a ranch near Three Forks 
 Jefferson county, Montana, just at the head of the 
 Alissouri river, the date of his birth being January 16 
 
 JO/O. ’ 
 
 The Honorable Air. Galen received his education 
 of a preliminary character in the parochial and public 
 schools of Helena. In September, 1889, he entered 
 JNotre Dame University at South Bend, Indiana, as 
 a student in the preparatory department and in ’due 
 time entered the college proper. Flaving come to the 
 decision to become identified with the legal profession 
 he matriculated in the law department of that institu- 
 tion and was graduated with the degree of LL. B. with 
 the class of 1896, being admitted to the bar of the 
 state of Indiana. Fie tlien entered the University of 
 Michigan at Ann Arbor and took a special course in 
 law, the next year receiving a degree from that univer- 
 Mty and being admitted to the bar of Michigan in 1897. 
 Fie returned to Montana in August of that year and 
 was admitted to practice before the supreme court of 
 Montana and also before the federal courts of this 
 state. He thereupon entered formally into the prac- 
 tice of his profession in Helena. Fie was admitted 
 to practice before the United States supreme court 
 at Washington, D. C., in June, 1897. His attainments 
 were from the first recognized as of paramount excel- 
 lence and his election in November, 1904, as attorney 
 general was a most appropriate circumstance, and his 
 services were of such character that they received the 
 eloquent approval of re-election in November, 1908, 
 his term to expire January, 1913. 
 
 Mr. Galen since earliest voting days has given hand 
 and heart to the Republican party and has ever been 
 ready to do all in his power to bring about its suc- 
 cess. He is an active^ worker in national, state and 
 local affairs and very influential in party councils. 
 
 Mr. Galen was married in Helena, February 2, 1898, 
 the lady of his choice being Miss Ethelene Bennett, 
 daughter of Willard Bennett, a native of Ontario, Can- 
 ada. They share their home, which is modest though 
 hospitable, in Helena, and is presided over by a mis- 
 tress of unusual social grace, with one son, James A. 
 Galen, born in Helena, Alay 5, 1902. Their residence 
 is at 609 Spruce street. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Galen is a member of the Benev- 
 olent and Protective Order of Elks, the Woodmen of 
 the World, and the Montana Club of Helena. 
 
 Charles A. Burg. A man who both as a public 
 official and as a prominent citizen has been an impor- 
 tant figure in molding the municipal history of Living- 
 ston, Montana, is Charles A. Burg, for fifteen years 
 postmaster,'‘durlng which time he has rendered the city 
 excellent service and has been largely irfstrumental in 
 inaugurating and carrying forward movements for the 
 benefit of the postal system. Mr. Burg was born at 
 Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany, January 8, 1849, and 
 is a son of Mayer and Mary Ernestine (Boss) Burg, 
 natives of the Fatherland. His father, who owned a 
 large tannery, was extensively engaged in contracting 
 for the German government, and became one of the 
 prominent business men of his province. He and his 
 wife were faithful members of the Hebrew church, and 
 were the parents of five sons, of whom two survive : 
 Charles A. ; and Ludwig, the latter a resident of New 
 York City. 
 
 Charles A. Burg was given the advantages of a mili- 
 tary education, first attending a school at Marienwerder, 
 and subsequently going to the artillery academy at 
 Neisse. He was twenty years of age when he came to 
 the United States, and, finding his funds very low on 
 reaching New York Citjq worked for a time in a brick 
 yard, thus earning the means with which to travel to 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1065 
 
 St. Anthony (now East Minneapolis). Minnesota. He 
 was there employed by Capt. S. S. Brown and for a 
 short time worked in the lumber woods, _ but subse- 
 quently went to St. Paul to accept a position ^ in the 
 United States quartermaster's office, for which his 
 early training had qualified him, but in 1872 removed 
 to Bismarck, North Dakota, and later engaged in 
 operating a wood yard on the Missouri river. In Au- 
 gust. 1876, he located on the present site of Miles City, 
 and during the winter of 1876-7 was employed in cut- 
 ting wood for the United States government, but re- 
 tired from that occupation to associate ^ himself with 
 Capt. Charles Savage, who was engaged in the general 
 merchandise business. Mr. Burg continued in this line 
 until 1882, in which year he removed to Clark City, 
 now Livingston, arriving here ahead of the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad. Until 1890 he was engaged in a general 
 merchandise business, then being appointed LTnited 
 States Land Register at Lewistown, by President Benja- 
 min Harrison, an office which he held four years. In 
 1894 he returned to Livingston and re-engaged in busi- 
 ness as a merchant, and enjoyed a continued success 
 until June 14, 1897, when he was appointed postmaster 
 of Livingston by President McKinley, receiving suc- 
 cessive re-appointments in 1901, 1905 and 1909. He has 
 also acted in various other official capacities, having 
 been the first city treasurer of Livingston in i88q, be- 
 ing a member of the school board for three years, and 
 acting as a member of the first directing board of the 
 Carnegie Free Library. He was one of the first to be- 
 come a member of Livingston Lodge No. 32, A. F. & 
 A. M., Livingston Chapter No. 7 R. A. M. and St. Ber- 
 nard Commandery No. 6, K. T., and also belongs to 
 Particular Consistory No. i, thirty-second degree, and 
 Algeria Temple, A. A. O. N. _M. S., of Helena ; and the 
 Sons of Hermann. His political views are those of the 
 Republican party, and he has been firm and steadfast in 
 his loyalty to its principles, but he has never been ani- 
 mated by any controversial spirit that would antagonize 
 those of opposite political belief. Consequently he has 
 hosts of warm friends and supporters among his politi- 
 cal opponents, and their votes have been freely given 
 him when he has been a candidate for office. Mr. 
 Burg is possessed of great executive ability, and the 
 keen business and financial foresight that character- 
 ized his personal activities have been brought to bear 
 with beneficial effect on the affairs of the government 
 which he has served so long. He is a striking example 
 of that class of foreigrikborn citizens who go to make 
 up all that is best in American citizenship, and as such 
 merits the respect and esteem that is universally ac- 
 corded him. 
 
 On January 17, 1880, Mr. Burg was married to Miss 
 Cynthia Weymouth, who was born in Vermont, daugh- 
 ter of Judge Weymouth, for many years a distinguished 
 member of the Minnesota bench. Mrs. Burg died 
 April 4, 1901, having been the mother of four children, 
 namely: Ernestine, wife of Adelbert M. Alderson, 
 
 editor and proprietor of the Livingston Post: Alfred 
 G., who is living in North Yakima, Washington; 
 Charles C., associate editor of the Livingston Post: and 
 Kate S., who is attending school. Mr. Burg was mar- 
 ried (second), in Livingston, November 4, 1903, to 
 Miss Ida B. Fitzgerald, daughter of S. M. Fitzgerald, 
 of Gardiner, Montana, and to this union there has 
 been born one son : Mayer, who is attending school. 
 
 The family home is situated at No. 309 South Second 
 avenue. 
 
 Duncan A. MacLeod. Since the year 1888, Duncan 
 A. MacLeod has been identified with the livery business 
 of Belt, and with the passing of the years has come to 
 be known as one of the representative and solid citizens 
 of this place. He is well and favorably known through- 
 out_ the county, and his acquaintance extends through 
 various sections of the west, in which he has spent the 
 
 best years of his life._ A man of many admirable qual- 
 ities and sterling traits of character, he possesses the 
 esteem and friendship of a large circle, and his business 
 success is one of the direct results of his genial and 
 kindly nature, combined with the high order of integ- 
 rity which is his. 
 
 Mr. MacLeod was born in Canada on the banks of the 
 St. Lawrence river, and reared near Ottawa city. His 
 birth occurred on March 4, 1855. He is the son of 
 Alexander MacLeod, a native of Scotland who came to 
 Canada in the forties. He was a farmer and stock 
 raiser, and passed his life there in that business, his 
 death occurring in 1895, when he was sixty-five years 
 of age. The mother was Catherine McCrae, also a 
 native of Scotland who came to Canada in her early 
 days and there married Mr. MacLeod. Six children 
 were born to them, Duncan A. MacLeod being the 
 second born. He was educated in the common schools 
 of his native town and also attended the high school, 
 leaving off his studies at the age of fifteen. He came 
 to Montana for the first time in 1876, when he was 
 twenty-one years of age, and settled at Fort Benton, 
 there following the freighting business for six years, 
 and in various parts of Montana and Wyoming. In 
 the winter of 1886-88 he went to Alaska, where he en- 
 gaged in mining and prospecting. He was fairly suc- 
 cessful in his mining ventures and remained there until 
 October, 1888, when he once more returned to Mon- 
 tana, coming direct to Belt, where he entered the livery 
 business; in that business he has continued with all 
 success ever since. He is also interested in the ranch- 
 ing business and operates No. 480 ranch in Belt town- 
 ship, Cascade county, with a high degree of success 
 and prosperity. He is one of the incorporators of the 
 State Bank of Belt, is vice-president of the bank and 
 one of its stockholders. He has been deputy sheriff 
 for the past sixteen years, and is a Republican in his 
 political affiliations, although he takes no active part 
 in the political life of the county. He is a member of 
 the Knights of Pythias. The degree of success which 
 Mr. MacLeod has achieved may with all fairness be 
 attributed entirely to himself, for surely his own efforts 
 have been the main factor in the advancement of his 
 interests. He began the serious business of life as a 
 boy of fifteen, and has since that day been in the truest 
 sense the architect of his own fortunes. 
 
 On March 3, 1911, Mr. MacLeod was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss May Woodruff. 
 
 John H. Cole. One of the strong pioneer characters 
 of Montana and the Northwest is represented by Mr. 
 John H. Cole, a prominent citizen and now president 
 of the school board of Anaconda. He has known this 
 city from its beginning, and he has lived here and in 
 this vicinity for upwards of forty years. 
 
 Mr. Cole worked out his destiny by himself, and 
 his early life was a struggle in which his self-reliance 
 and industry were the best factors in his advancement. 
 He was born at Albion, Orleans county. New York, 
 July 28, i860, a son of William and Mary (Paul) 
 Cole. His father, who was a native of New ifork state 
 and spent his life in farming, died in 1864 at the age 
 of thirty-six, and his wife passed away four years later, 
 aged about thirty-seven. Both are buried side by side 
 in the old home vicinity of New York. Of the five 
 children, John H. was the fourth, and the death of his 
 parents when he was only a child threw him upon his 
 own resources when other boys are usually in school. 
 When he was six years old his mother moved to St. 
 Thomas, Ontario, where he remained for about eight 
 years, and during that time attended the public schools. 
 
 Though he began earning his own living at an early 
 age, he managed to secure a good education. At the 
 age of fourteen he went into what was then the Cana- 
 dian west, to Winnipeg, where for a time he attended 
 the St. John’s Episcopal College. The spirit of the 
 
1066 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 frontier early possessed him, and when the Black Hills 
 excitement occurred, though he was still a boy, he 
 started for the scene. But on reaching Bismarck, 
 North Dakota, he changed his mind and returned to 
 Winnipeg. But he was by no means satisfied with 
 this brief incursion into the new fields of the West, 
 for at Winnipeg he at once joined a government tele- 
 graph crew who were engaged in building one of the 
 old telegraph routes that connected the Canadian north- 
 west with the central government before the first 
 railroads were projected beyond Winnipeg. With this 
 crew he worked through the old northwest territories 
 as far as Edmonton, now the capital of Alberta 
 province, and from there in 1876 came down the rail 
 to Fort Benton in Montana. This was his method of 
 introduction to -the Treasure State, and here has been 
 his permanent residence ever since. 
 
 The first two years he spent at Helena. Few men 
 are more intimately acquainted with this state in all 
 its features. As a miner, rancher, stock raiser and in 
 various other capacities, he has traveled over practi- 
 cally the whole state on horseback. He was in Ana- 
 conda before the town was founded, and has lived 
 here most of the time. For six years he was city 
 editor of the Anaconda Standard. At the present time 
 his principal business is in an executive capacity for 
 the A. C. M. Company. 
 
 Mr. Cole married, at Philipsburg, December 28, 
 1888, Miss Mary McDonel, daughter of Charles and 
 Elizabeth McDonel, of that city. Six children have 
 been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cole: Elizabeth Jane and 
 Florence, at home; John, who is connected with mer- 
 cantile business in Anaconda ; Fannie, a student of 
 the high school; Cathweyn, in school; and Mary, de- 
 ceased. Mr. Cole and wife have given their children 
 excellent educational advantages. In his delightful 
 home at 106 West Third street, Mr. Cole finds his 
 greatest pleasures, and prefers home and family to 
 all other diversions. His religious preference is for 
 the Episcopal church, in which Mrs. Cole is an active 
 worker, and the children have been confirmed in that 
 faith. 
 
 Mr. Cole is one of the local leaders in the Demo- 
 cratic party, and has for many years had an influential 
 share in public affairs. He served as undersheriff in 
 Missoula county and the same office in Deer Lodge 
 county, and was the first sheriff of Granite county. 
 He has been a member of the Anaconda school board 
 since 1906 and is now president. He is deeply con- 
 cerned for the welfare of local education, and in his 
 official capacity has done much to improve the schools 
 of his home city. He is a member of the Fraternal 
 Brotherhood, of which he has been president for two 
 terms. A broadminded citizen, his interest includes 
 many of the activities which provide recreation and 
 the cultured graces of society. At one time he was 
 president of the Montana state baseball league, and 
 still follows the sport as a “fan.” The possession and 
 handling of horses have always afforded him keen 
 pleasure. At his home he has a good library, and 
 books ai*ld music are for him a never failing resource 
 for leisure hours. Montana he considers the ideal 
 state of the Northwest, being free from blizzards, and 
 cyclones, the extremes of heat and cold, and in climate, 
 environment and opportunities it offers more to its 
 citizenship than any other state. 
 
 Sol Poznanski. A thorough educational training, a 
 natural business talent and close application to the enter- 
 prises with which he became identified, have all been 
 factors in the material advancement of one of the well 
 known business men of Helena, Montana, Sol Poznanski, 
 who fills a position of much responsibility as general 
 agent of the Pennsylvania Mutual Fire Insurance Com- 
 pany for Montana and Idaho, and has many additional 
 private interests. He was born in the city of New 
 
 York, July 18, 1856. His father, who was born m 
 Poland, was brought by his parents to the United States 
 in childhood, was reared in the city of New York and 
 for half a century was actively engaged at the metropo- 
 lis in business, where he died in 1904. He was a manu- 
 facturer and maker of men’s shirts and his average 
 annual output was valued at $1,000,000 per year, his 
 trade territory being mainly in the south and southwest. 
 He was a prominent man in Democratic politics, and 
 had many personal friends among the Tammany poli- 
 ticians of his day. He married Eliza Phillips who was 
 born in the Isle of Wight, and of their thirteen chil- 
 dren eight survive and all of these are representative 
 and successful residents of the sections in which they, 
 have established themselves. 
 
 Sol Poznanski was graduated from the New York 
 College and immediately afterward went into business, 
 first accepting a position as cashier in a New York com- 
 mission house. He was enterprising and ambitious and 
 and thus he turned his eyes to the great west. As early 
 as 187,7 he came to Helena, Montana, where he entered 
 the mercantile house of Sands Brothers Dry Goods 
 Company, and continued in the employ of that firm for 
 seven years. For the following four years he traveled 
 for another firm through the western country and then 
 returned to Helena, where he purchased a cigar busi- 
 ness which he carried on for three years. After dis- 
 posing of his cigar store he became interested in the fire 
 insurance business, first as resident agent at Helena 
 for several of the leading eastern companies, and later 
 became adjustor for the same for Montana and Idaho. 
 In 1902 he was appointed general agent for the Pennsyl- 
 vania Mutual Fire Insurance Company for these states, 
 and his activities have resulted very satisfactorily for 
 the company. He has not neglected opportunities for 
 judicious investment in mineral lands and ranch prop- 
 erty in different parts of the state, and also owns valu- 
 able realty at Flelena. 
 
 In December, 1888, Mr. Poznanski was married to 
 Miss Sallie Boyer, of Washington, D. C., and they have 
 one daughter. Pearl, the latter of whom is a graduate 
 of the Helena high school. Both mother and daughter 
 possess artistic talent far beyond the ordinary, Mrs. Poz- 
 nanski being a painter of miniatures and on china, and 
 on many occasions has taken prizes for the excellence 
 of her work. Miss Pearl’s talent as an artist has been 
 generously recognized and her artistic cover designs 
 for magazines have brought her almost national fame. 
 They have been so generally admired that she has been 
 invited to sign long magazine contracts for the work of 
 her brush. 
 
 Reared as it were, in the cradle of Democracy, Mr. 
 Poznanski has followed in the footsteps of his father 
 in his adherence to Democratic policies. He was elected 
 the first president of the first Democratic club that was 
 organized at Helena, and it was mainly through his 
 efforts that former Governor Toole and his eloquent 
 brother. Warren Toole, made their notable speeches in 
 a notable campaign, at Helena. As a politician and 
 loyal Democrat, Mr. Poznanski is known all over the 
 state of Montana. He is a man of social instincts and 
 in addition to a wide circle of personal friends, he is 
 valued as a member of the Silver Bow Club of Butte 
 and the Lambs' Club of Helena. 
 
 Albert Stuney Johnson, a well-known real estate 
 dealer of Dillon, 'was born at Argenta, Beaverhead 
 county, Montana, March 29, 1877. He is the son of 
 Philip and Elizabeth Johnson. The father was born in 
 Missouri and came to Montana overland in the early 
 days ; followed sheep raising and ranching and passed 
 away in December, 1900, at the age of forty-seven years. 
 The mother was born in California, but subsequently 
 removed to Montana, where she met and married Philip 
 Johnson. She died in 1884, and the remains of both 
 these respected people are interred in Dillon. Of their 
 

 / 
 
 / 
 
 V. 
 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1067 
 
 children, Albert Sidney is the eldest of these surviving 
 viz. — one brother and two sisters as follows : Grace is 
 the wife of Clifford E. Knapp, who is a merchant of 
 Dillon ; Oscar, the brother, is employed by the Dart 
 Hardware Company as plumber and steam-fitter, is 
 married and also lives in Dillon; Lena B., the second 
 sister, is the wife of Robert A'. Boone, who is asso- 
 ciated with Mr. Johnson in the real estate business. 
 
 Mr, Johnson has passed his entire life in Beaverhead 
 county. He acquired his early education in the public 
 schools of the county and early entered business, his 
 first money being earned as a boy by riding after cattle 
 for his grandfather, with whom he made his home. 
 After holding several positions, in 1904 he embarked in 
 an independent venture by opening a general real estate, 
 insurance, loan and sheep commission business, in asso- 
 ciation with his brother-in-law, Robert W. Boone, the 
 style of the firm being Johnson & Boone. Messrs. 
 Johnson and Boone are new the largest operators in 
 their line in this district. Mr. Johnson is one of the 
 aggressive and enterprising young business men who are 
 aiding in the upbuilding of Dillon and vicinity. He 
 has also served as city treasurer of Dillon and is at 
 the present time holding the office of United States 
 commissioner. In politics he is a Republican. At the 
 outbreak of the Spanish-American war he enlisted in 
 Company E, of the First Montana Regiment, and was 
 ultimately sent to the Philippines. He saw much active 
 service, being in twenty-two engagements, and he has 
 never lost his interest in things military. 
 
 By natural inclination and early discipline he has 
 developed unusual independence and self-reliance and 
 since the age of sixteen years he has made his own way 
 quite unaided. He was a lad of but seven years of age 
 rvhen deprived by death of his mother, and he was 
 reared in the home of his grandparents. He is fond 
 of out-door life, taking pleasure in hunting and baseball 
 and he enjoys good reading and music. He is 
 unmarried. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is a stanch and loyal native son of Mon- 
 tana, possessing a real affection for its institutions and 
 standing ready to support to the best of his ability all 
 measures looking toward its success. His career has 
 well proven these statements. 
 
 Albert S. Mooney, president and treasurer of the 
 Butte Tombstone Company, one of the leading busi- 
 ness concerns in that line in the northwest and the 
 largest in Montana, is a native of Newport, Kentucky, 
 and the eldest son of John A. and Catherine (Mc- 
 Carty) Mooney. 
 
 John A. Mooney was reared in Altoona, Pennsyl- 
 vania. When the Civil war became a reality his par- 
 ents refused to permit him to go to the front, feeling 
 that he was not yet of a proper age to serve his coun- 
 try. Early in 1861, however, the boy ran away from 
 home and enlisted in an Ohio regiment, serving until 
 the very close of the war. It was his fortune to see 
 much service under both Grant and Sheridan and to 
 participate in many of the principal battles of the war. 
 After the close of the war Mr. Mooney reinlisted and 
 served in the army until being mustered out of the 
 service at Fort Missoula, Montana, in the year 1878. 
 During the time between 1865 and 1878 he saw con- 
 siderable service under General Crook, in the wars with 
 the Indians in what was then the territory of Oregon. 
 Returning from Oregon to his native place, Altoona, he 
 married Catherine McCarthy, and for a few years served 
 widi his regiment in Louisiana and Kentucky. In 1877 
 his regiment, which was stationed at Pineville, Louisi- 
 ana, was ordered to Fort Missoula, Montana. After 
 leaving the army Mr. Mooney and family moved to 
 Helena, Montana, and he became interested in mining, 
 which he has been following ever since with varying 
 success. Eleven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Mooney as follows : Albert S. ; Grace M., now the 
 
 wife of William M. Cassidy, of Kalispell; Cora Lee, 
 whose husband. Rev. Kimes, is the leader of the 
 Seventh Day Adventists at North Yakima ; William 
 and Barbara, who are residents of Llelena ; Catherine 
 the third daughter, married Joseph Wilson of Butte; 
 George L. resides in Butte; Charles E. and P'rank also 
 resides in Butte; Ethel is Mrs. W'arren Smelcer, now 
 of Helena, Montana; and John A., Jr., resides at 
 Helena. 
 
 Albert S. Mooney was born during his father’s em- 
 ployment in Newport, Kentucky, on August 12, 1871, 
 and left school at the age of ten years that he might 
 he apprenticed to a granite stone worker. For twenty 
 years he was a journeyman in his trade, when he located 
 at Billings, iMontana, and entered into business for him- 
 self. At the end of five years he moved to Butte and 
 purchased an interest in the Butte Tombstone Com- 
 pany, Incorporated. Almost at the beginning of his 
 association with the firm he was elected secretary and 
 general manager of the corporation, which position he 
 held until 1911, when he was made president and treas- 
 urer of the company. 
 
 On September 9, 1899, Mr. Mooney married Laura 
 M. O’Brien, the daughter of Christopher A. and Cath- 
 erine Hodgen O’Brien, of Faribault, Minnesota. Mrs. 
 Mooney is the vice-president of the company of which 
 her husband is president. They have one son. Al- 
 bert S. IMooney, Jr., who was born in Billings, Mon- 
 tana, on the 23rd of June, 1900. 
 
 Mr. Mooney is a Democrat in political faith, but has 
 never aspired to political preferment, his interest in 
 those matters ending with the casting of his vote for 
 the best men and measures. He is a member of no 
 secret organization beyond his affiliation with the in- 
 surance order, the Woodmen of the World. 
 
 Charles Edward Mooney, secretary of the Butte 
 Tombstone Company, was born in IMissoula, Montana, 
 on the thirty-first day of IMarch, 1878. Like his brother, 
 he left school at an early age and was apprenticed to a 
 monument worker in Helena, from which line of work 
 he has never deviated. He was employed at his trade 
 for a number of years in that city. He came to Butte 
 from Billings in January, 1910, where for six years he 
 was manager of the Billings Marble and Granite’ Works, 
 then a branch of the Butte Tombstone Company. He 
 was married in Helena on June ii, 1900, to Miss Nellie 
 E.^ Allard, of AGnona, Minnesota. Their children are : 
 Walter Edward, Frank Lester and Harry Leroy. Mr. 
 Mooney is a member of the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows, the Woodmen of the World, the Women of 
 Woodcraft. Royal Highlanders and the Modern AMod- 
 men. He is independent in political faith, voting for 
 what he considers the best measures and men, regard- 
 less of part}' affiliations. 
 
 Fitz Henry A' inter. Those who have the pleasure 
 of an acquaintance with Captain Winter — and fortu- 
 nately this includes a large number of people — know 
 one of the most delightful men in the world. Though 
 he served in the War of the Rebellion, the title is ac- 
 corded him by reason of the fact that he has been a 
 sea captain, and certainly his conversation makes one 
 realize ‘‘the beauty and mystery of the ships,” as well 
 as the joy of strange peoples and places. 
 
 Born in Boston, Massachusetts, on Friend street, be- 
 tween Hanover and Sudbury streets, on July 12, 1834. 
 Mr. A’inter was familiar with "the life of those that 
 go down to the sea in ships’’ from his earliest boyhood. 
 His father, Ignatius Sargent A^inter, was a native of 
 Gloucester, Iilassachusetts. and was born in September, 
 1811. Fie died in Boston in 1890. His wife was Sarah 
 Ann Lane, the daughter of Captain Stephen Lane, a sea- 
 faring man who traded chiefly in the East Indies. She 
 was married to Ignatius A^’inter on July 2, 1833. Her 
 death occurred near Denver, Colorado, on June 3, 1895, 
 
1068 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 and she is buried in Boston. Ignatius Winter when a 
 boy of nine was bound out to learn the pail-maker’s 
 trade. When he had mastered this art he worked at 
 it for a time and added that of carpenter to his educa- 
 tion. At nineteen he went to sea, and until his death 
 followed the sea and worked as a carpenter. He was 
 at different times captain and master of various ships, 
 and he sailed to most of the ports known to traders 
 in the west and east. In disposition he was generous 
 and open-hearted to a fault, and while he was not a 
 member of any church, was a consistent follower of 
 the Golden Rule. 
 
 Fitz Henry Winter as a boy joined his father on his 
 voyages, and most of his education was secured aboard 
 a sailing vessel, as he never attended a grammar school. 
 However, he is not a sort of person who requires books 
 to acquire knowledge, and the eighteen years he spent 
 on the water were rich in varied experiences for him. 
 He was master of different vessels and visited nearly 
 every part of the world. 
 
 On April i8, i86i, Mr. Winter had just returned from 
 a voyage, and he felt that he must go to the front in 
 the struggle, then just beginning. He enlisted in Com- 
 pany C of the American Guards of Gloucester, Massa- 
 chusetts. He remained in this company five days, part 
 of which were spent in going to Boston to take exam- 
 ination for a commission. Fie was made a sergeant in 
 the quartermaster’s department, entering the_ Thirty- 
 third Massachusetts. The list of the battles in which 
 Mr. Winter fought includes Fredericksburg, Chancellors- 
 ville, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, Wauhachie, Lookout 
 Mountain and Missionary Ridge. The entire corps was 
 sent to Knoxville to relieve General Burnside, and in 
 that campaign he passed through the battles of Buz- 
 zard’s Roost, Resaca, Cassville, New Hope Church, 
 Kulp’s Farm and Kenesaw Mountain. He was with 
 Sherman in the famous march from Atlanta to Savan- 
 nah, and from the latter city he went to Aversberry, 
 North Carolina. The last engagement in which he took 
 part was that of Bentonville. At Sherman s grand re- 
 view in Washington Mr. Winter was present, and in 
 all his experience he escaped without being wounded. 
 He belonged to the Third Division of the Third Bri- 
 gade of the Twentieth Corps, the Blue Star. 
 
 It was not until 1877 that Captain Winter came to 
 Helena. He had been living in Lowell, Massachusetts, 
 and was attracted to the west by the large wages paid 
 to mechanics, who were then receiving eight dollars a 
 day. The trip was made by rail as far as Beaver 
 Canyon, and the one hundred and eighty miles from 
 there to Helena by stage. Twice on their route the 
 party ran afoul of tire Indians, but finally reached Helena 
 in safety. Here Mr. Winter took up the work of car- 
 pentering, and also did some prospecting in the mines. 
 Fie became possessed of a mine known as the Whippoor- 
 will, upon which he spent some time and money, but it 
 never produced a dollar of revenue, so he abandoned 
 the precarious business and gave himself entirely to that 
 of carpentering and contracting. _ This has ever been a 
 profitable occupation in the growing city and Mr. Win- 
 ter has been employed in other cities of the state as 
 well. He built the first building in Anaconda. This 
 was the property of Marcus Daly and Ross Clark, a 
 brother of Senator Clark. The structure was used for 
 a grocery store, which these two gentlemen conducted. 
 
 On Christmas Day of 1867 Mr. Winter was married 
 at Lowell, Massachusetts, to Miss Priscilla Augusta 
 Atwood, a native of Pelham, New Hampshire. Hei 
 father, David Atwood, was a farmer, who lived to the 
 age of ninety-four years, in 1902. He cast his first vote 
 for John Quincy Adams in 1824. Mrs. Winter joined 
 her husband in Helena one year after his arrival, and 
 lived here until her death in 1888, on December 18 
 She was forty-seven years old at the time she died, and 
 left a son and a daughter to the care of her husband. 
 She is buried in Lowell, Massachusetts, where the mem- 
 
 bers of her family are resting. Both of the children 
 are living at Sharon, Massachusetts, as both were born 
 in Lowell. The son was born on January 3, 1874, and 
 the sister two years later. Susan May Winter graduated 
 from the Waltham Surgical School in Waltham, Massa- 
 chusetts, and is now a practicing physician in Sharon, 
 making her home with her brother, Harry Atwood Win- 
 ter. 
 
 Mr. Winter lives alone in Helena, but is not lonely. 
 He is hale and hearty, and his mental vigor is as un- 
 impaired as that of his body. Fie has never been sick 
 one day in his life, never had a pain, nor ever taken an 
 ounce of medicine. Flis memory is a truly remarkable 
 one and it is stored wilh all sorts of interesting bits of 
 knowledge, gleaned from a varied experience. As a 
 conversationalist he has few equals and to hear him 
 talk upon the earlier days of Montana or of his sea- 
 faring life is one of the most entertaining ways of 
 passing time which can be imagined. He is a member 
 of the Grand Army of the Republic, Wadsworth Post, 
 No. 3, of Flelena, of which he is senior vice-commander, 
 and he is a Republican in political faith. His friends 
 are of every rank and calling, and their number is 
 legion. They declare that he is seventy-eight years 
 young and are sure that he can never live to be old, no 
 matter how many years he may gladden for them. 
 
 George W. Liscomb. The name of George W. Lis- 
 comb is perhaps more widely known among the older 
 settlers of the northwest than that of any other man of 
 his time, and wherever it is spoken it recalls to the 
 pioneer westerner the man who for years led the life 
 of a stage driver, expressman, mail carrier, Indian 
 fighter and all around early westerner who was more 
 common thirty years ago than at any time since. 
 
 Born in Racine, Wisconsin, on May 5, 1841, George 
 W. Liscomb is the son of Martin and Elizabeth (See) 
 Liscomb. The father was a native of Vermont, who 
 came to Wisconsin in 1836 and there married Elizabeth 
 See at Racine. She was the daughter of Reverend 
 See, the first minister of the gospel to preach in Chi- 
 cago. Three children were born to Martin and Eliza- 
 beth Liscomb, two sons and a daughter. George W. 
 was sixteen years of age when his family removed 
 from Racine to Iowa county, Wisconsin, and it was 
 there that the youth had his first experience in the 
 driving of four and six horse teams. Fie worked for 
 a time at the freighting business, hauling flour from 
 the mills in that part of the state, and when he was 
 seventeen years old he was employed as stage driver 
 at Julesburg, for years thereafter following that busi- 
 ness and eventually driving in all the northwest states. 
 He was employed by various companies, among them 
 the Wells-Fargo Express Company, and he bears to 
 this day scars from gun and knife wounds received 
 in the service of these early western concerns. 
 
 George Liscomb first came to this section of the state 
 of Montana in about 1877, and after several years of 
 experience in various lines he entered the cattle busi- 
 ness, settling on a ranch and conducting a very suc- 
 cessful business for some years. He dealt largely in 
 cattle and horses, and from a small beginning built 
 up a business that placed him in the front ranks of 
 the stockmen of this section. In 1908 he had pros- 
 pered to such an extent that he retired from the busi- 
 ness and went to California, where he has since made 
 his home at Long Beach. He makes it a point to re- 
 turn to Montana each year to attend the Old Settlers 
 Meeting and the Miles City Fair, and he never lacks 
 a hearty greeting from his old time friends and ac- 
 quaintances, who look forward to seeing him each year, 
 together with his wife, who always accompanies him. 
 
 Mr. Liscomb has been twice married. His first wife 
 died, and he later married in Miles City, Montana, 
 Margaret Gearheart, a native of Ohio. This marriage 
 occurred in 1891, and it is more than likely that his 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1069 
 
 settling down to tlie quiet life of a rancher was the 
 result of his marriage. 
 
 WiLLi.xM A. Allen, DD. S. From a group of 
 scattered cabins that in 1882 represented Billings, Mon- 
 tana, has been developed a city of wealth and in- 
 portance ; a city which is alive with business oppor- 
 tunities, and one where culture, education and refine- 
 ment adorn its homes. Surely those who had the 
 foresight to choose the little unattractive settlement 
 for a home thirty years ago, and through their work, 
 faith and influence have brought about present condi- 
 tions, must feel tne pardonable pride not only of promo- 
 ters, but of originators. It took men of courage, both 
 moral and physical, men of endurance and perseverance, 
 and today many of these men remain to enjoy the 
 fruits of their labors. Among these none are more 
 prominent than Dr. William A. Allen, who has been 
 continuously identified with much of the substantial 
 and permanent development here. It is no unusual 
 occurrence to find among the private citizens of Mon- 
 tana men who have won distinction along many lines, 
 and in Dr. Allen is found not only a master of a 
 scientific profession, but an author, a man of let- 
 ters, an historian and a hunter. 
 
 William A. Allen was born in Summerfield, Noble 
 •county, Ohio, September 2, 1848, and is a son of Robert 
 T. and Rachel (Guiler) Allen, and a grandson of John 
 and Mary (Blundle) Allen. John Allen was the son 
 of Sir John Allen, of England, a cousin of Ethan Allen, 
 the famous Revolutionary patriot, and was first a sea- 
 faring man and later a farmer. Dr. Allen's maternal 
 grandparents were William and Mary (Franklin) 
 Guiler, the former a native of Ireland and the latter 
 a cousin of Benjamin Franklin. 
 
 Dr. William A. Allen is one of the oldest and 
 most honored among the dental practitioners of Mon- 
 tana, and now has his home office in the First Na- 
 tional Bank building in Billings. After leaving the 
 public schools of Summerfield, Ohio, in 1866, he en- 
 tered the Normal school there, and on completing his 
 studies learned the trade of a blacksmith, a vocation 
 which he followed in connection with working as a gun- 
 smith until 1877. Early in that year he started for the 
 Black Hills, and at Spearfish, Dakota, joined a party 
 of two hundred and fifty persons. On the morning 
 of June 4, 1877, a party of citizens from Deadwood 
 were attacked by Indians within sight of the camp 
 of Dr. Allen’s party, and eight people, including a 
 woman and a deputy sheriff, were massacred. The 
 bodies were brought in and buried, and Dr. Allen with 
 twenty picked men followed the Sioux Indians down 
 the Spearfish to a small stream known as Hay Creek, 
 where the Indians were surprised in their camp and 
 eleven were killed, while their horses, twenty-two in 
 number, were destroyed. While this party was ab- 
 sent from the camp of the whites, eight wagons had 
 left it and started for the Red Water Crossing, where 
 they were surrounded by the hostile Indians and were 
 in a most precarious position until relief came. The 
 Doctor and his band returning from Hay Creek met 
 Calamity Jane, who informed them that the Nickel- 
 son party was surrounded by Indians at Red Water 
 Crossing, and the story of the rescue and the sub- 
 sequent experiences of the party is here given in the 
 words of the doctor, as follows: “We had seen sig- 
 
 nals sent out to the north during the previous night, 
 and knew the Sioux were planning mischief. Calamity 
 Jane was carrying mail to a new camp to the south, 
 so we hurried along and when we reached camp found 
 that Nickelson, Lions and others of the party had left 
 for Red Water. We set out hurriedly for that place and 
 reached the Crossing at 3 :30. Just as the day began 
 to streak the eastern horizon the Indians came with 
 their horrible yell, painted and ready for battle. But 
 we were lying in ambush waiting their attack and 
 
 when they cleared the brow of the rim rock we 
 poured the contents of twenty-eight rifles into their 
 unsuspecting midst. The hail of lead soon told its 
 story and fourteen of the band lay on the flai among 
 the stones, while the remainder fled to the hills. The 
 women became very much excited, and we were soon 
 on the return to Spearfish, where we met our former 
 comrades. Two of our party were wounded, myself 
 and another, and a trapper who did not belong to our 
 party was killed. Just below the crossing two others 
 were killed on the previous day. Their horses were 
 stolen and their outfits burned, and the charred re- 
 mains of the wagon was all that remained. At this 
 juncture the train camped, and having combined two 
 factions, we came very near to settling the old grudge 
 with rifles. Lions had told certain of his crowd 
 where a large placer deposit was located on the Stink- 
 ing Water, and others of the crowd stoutly disputed 
 the existence of any such gold deposit on a large val- 
 ley with a clear stream running through it. I was 
 compelled to go on with the gold searching party, but 
 I knew there was no gold in any such formation as 
 we were located, but to please my partner I went. We 
 accordingly separated, about half the party going up 
 the Stinking Water and the remainder going to Boze- 
 man. When we had made about one hundred miles 
 of the distance our cattle and horses gave out, and we 
 found ourselves out of provisions and even without 
 salt in a mountain country, with apparently no food 
 for our stock. To make a bad matter worse, November 
 clouds augured unpleasant weather conditions. Here 
 we held a council, and each man seemed to hold a 
 distinctly separate idea as to what was the best course 
 to take. _ I talked to Nickelson saying: ‘Tom, this 
 country is no place for us to winter in, so we had 
 better put our stock down on that sage flat ; the cat- 
 tle will soon be fresh again and we can kill some elk 
 and jerk it and get out of these Bad Lands. If it 
 should turn wet, we should find ourselves as good as 
 glued in here.’ My argument had weight with the 
 party, and the next day we killed five large bull elk, 
 fat and perfect. We jerked the meat and prepared for 
 our trip out. Six days later we assembled and found 
 that our party had split and one faction wanted to stay 
 and wolf hunt for the winter. Accordingly Nickel- 
 son and our party started back on another trail. We 
 were almost without clothes and were wearing elk 
 skins on our feet, sleeping on the sand and alkali, and 
 eating elk meat straight. When about thirty miles 
 from camp we saw with our field glasses that the 
 remainder of the train were pulling out. We knew 
 then why our companions had been so intent upon hunt- 
 ing and wolfing in the Bad Lands that winter: We 
 were to go ahead and break the trail, build the bridges 
 and endure all the hardship which they knew must 
 attend getting out of the country, and they would fol- 
 low after and reap the benefits of our labors, laughing 
 at us for our gullibility. We were compelled to build 
 a bridge of timber, the material for which we hauled 
 from a small gulch about five miles distant. The tim- 
 ber was so scarce that the building of the bridge util- 
 ized the last twig. We were two days in building it, 
 and when we crossed our fellow travelers who had 
 been following at a distance were within three miles 
 of us. _ When we crossed and saw the nearness of the 
 following party, I took a certain pleasure in burning 
 the bridge and leaving them to build another as best 
 they could. The result was that they were delayed 
 three weeks in their trip. Our cattle soon gained 
 strength on the salt sage and we pushed along, shoe- 
 ing their feet with old boot leather. We crossed the 
 Stinking Water, and striking the old Bozeman trail 
 above the Crow Agency, crossed country and landed 
 on the Yellowstone at Deer Creek, where we found 
 an old Indian by the name of Soose. Here we first 
 procured onions, potatoes, cabbage and white tail deer 
 
1070 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 in abundance. We camped for four days and enjoyed 
 all the luxuries of the land, as well as trout, geese 
 and ducks from the waters of the Yellowstone. From 
 here we went to Benson's Landing, near where Liv- 
 ingston is located and there camped for a time, catch- 
 ing trout and killing mountain sheep from the canyon 
 and deer from the valley, thence to Bozeman and across 
 the Bridger range, where we encountered civilization 
 for the first time in nine months. Our company here 
 disbanded in the little mountain city, never to meet 
 again, each taking his own course tor a life in the 
 new world. Some located in Bozeman and others took 
 un the trail to the north, but my dearest friends of that 
 party I never saw again.” 
 
 At Bozeman Dr. Allen engaged in the blacksmith 
 business with Frank Harper, and was later employed 
 as blacksmith for the Bozeman and Miles City stage 
 line, acting as express messenger in the winter of 1877, 
 and subsequently becoming government blacksmith at 
 Fort Custer. In 1879 he went in a skiff down the Big 
 Horn river to Fort Buford to meet his family, who 
 came back with him and he then located on Canyon 
 creek, engaging in stock-raising and blacksmithing. 
 In 1882 he removed to Coulson, where he continued at 
 his trade for some months, removing eventually to 
 Billings, which was then dotted with canvas tents and 
 rude cabins. Here he erected the first house in the 
 Yellowstone valley which boasted a shingled roof. 
 
 Prior to this western experience Dr. Allen had 
 worked to some extent at dentistry, and to perfect 
 himself in this profession he went to Chicago in 1884, 
 where he took a full course with Dr. Crouse, president 
 of the American Dental Association. Returning to 
 Billings, Dr. Allen engaged in the practice of dentistry, 
 and on January i, 1886, was presented with a gold 
 medal by his patients and friends of Buffalo, Wyom- 
 ing. In 1896 he took a course in Haskell's Post-Grad- 
 ute School of Dentistry, and he has since acquired a 
 widespread reputation as an expert dentist in both 
 surgical and mechanical branches. One of his most 
 prized possessions is a gold medal which is inscribed 
 as follows: "In Appreciation of his Professional Serv- 
 
 ices. Presented to Dr. W. A. Allen for Efficiency iii 
 Operative Dentistry, Class of 1897, by the Faculty of 
 the Kansas City College of Dental Surgery.” His spe- 
 cialty, in which he has achieved eminent success, is in 
 the treatment of pyorrhea, one of the most dreaded 
 diseases known to the profession. 
 
 Dr. Allen's activities, however, have not been con- 
 fined to the practice of his profession, as he is largely 
 interested in stock raising, and in company with John 
 L. Guiler in 1892 founded the town of Allendale, at 
 the mouth of Clark’s Fork ; they also built the first 
 flouring mill of any note in the valley, at a cost of 
 $15,000. Dr. Allen is a supporter of Prohibition prin- 
 ciples, but is in no wise bigoted in his view points and 
 is always ready to respect the opinions of others. 
 Charity has found a large place in his activities, but the 
 assistance he has given those he deemed worthy of a 
 helping hand has been given in such a quiet, unostenta- 
 tious manner that it is doubtful if the full extent of 
 his philanthropies will ever be known. He and his 
 wife are faithful members of the Methodist church, 
 and are among its most liberal supporters. 
 
 Dr. Allen was married in Ohio in 1874 to fvliss 
 Josephine Houston, the daughter of John Houston, 
 who died from illness contracted during the Civil 
 war. In 1887 his second marriage took place, when 
 he was united with Miss Mollie Finkelnburg, a daugh- 
 ter of Hon, A. Finkelnburg, of Fountain City, Y’is- 
 consin, who represented his county in both bodies of 
 the Wisconsin legislature. Two children were born 
 to the first union: William O. and Robert T., both 
 
 of whom are associated with their father in the prac- 
 tice of dentistry, and the only child of the second mar- 
 riage is a daughter, Leah, 
 
 Dr, Allen’s career as a hunter of big game has been 
 full of adventure. He has killed forty-nine bears, some 
 of them being typical Bad Lands grizzlies which fol- 
 lowed the large buffalo herds in the Bad Lands in the 
 spring of the year. The old bulls were whipped out 
 of the herds and became an easy prey to these monsters 
 of the plains. Dr. Allen's partner, Hiram Stewart, 
 was killed in a fight near Box Elder with one of these 
 grizzlies while hunting buffalo meat for Hoskins & Mc- 
 Girl at Huntley, Montana, then the frontier supply 
 station for hunters and trappers. In 1879 Dr. Allen 
 made a voyage down the Little Horn to the Big Horn 
 and through the Yellowstone to Fort Buford, making 
 the trip in an open boat alone among the Sioux and 
 Cheyennes. He had a fight with a gang of horse 
 thieves at the mouth of the Tongue river, but escaped 
 capture. 
 
 In 1892 Dr. Allen issued a friendly challenge to 
 shoot a match for a gold medal on big game with any 
 man in America. A match was arranged for the shoot 
 from the ist to the loth of October, and the competitor 
 was a Mr. Jennings from the Steak Plains of Texas. 
 The hunt came off as scheduled in the vicinity of the 
 Ten Sleep mountains of Wyoming, and the rules were 
 "no game animal to be shot at under two hundred 
 yards, and the game to be running at full speed.” At 
 the end of ten days the results stood: Mr. Jennings, 
 one black tail deer. Dr. Allen, five black tail deer, 
 three elk, one wolf. This ended one of the most inter- 
 esting hunts ever enjoyed by a party consisting of Mr. 
 Jennings, Edward Chappie. Mr. Fender and Dr. Allen, 
 
 His record as an Indian fighter of distinction and as 
 a hunter whose excursions led him into many thrilling 
 experiences has given Dr. Allen much interesting mate- 
 rial to work into books and magazine articles. For 
 a number of years such magazines as the American 
 Field and Forest and Stream have eagerly sought his 
 contributions, which are recognized as authorities on 
 their subjects. In 190.3 he miblished “Adventures With 
 Indians and Game,” or "Twenty Years in the Rocky 
 Mountains,” which bore the simple dedication : “To 
 
 my Mother.” The favor with which this volume was 
 received by both press and public could have been 
 naught but gratifying to its author, who was encour- 
 aged to publish another work, now being completed. 
 
 Dr. Allen is a man who stands for all that is virile 
 and manly, and all that is typical of Montana and its 
 “old timers.” He may look back over a career that 
 has been useful to himself, to his fellow men and to his 
 adopted state, satisfied with a work well and faith- 
 fully done, and feel content to meet with what the 
 future will bring. No man is held in higher confidence 
 or esteem and none can boast of a wider circle of 
 warm personal friends than he. 
 
 Robert Aitchison. Romance in its most daring 
 productions cannot excel the true tales of the men 
 who practically subjugated iMontana, men who, through 
 their daring and enterprise, brought civilization, com- 
 fort and safety to this grand and beautiful section of 
 the United States. Many of these men still live to 
 tell to enthralled listeners their thrilling story of ad- 
 ventures, of savage Indian warfare, of stampeding buf- 
 falo on the almost limitless plains, of the eastern 
 hordes in their mad search for mineral wealth, and 
 of the wild storms that swept down upon travelers 
 when no possible relief could be secured, hundreds of 
 miles intervening between the travelers and civiliza- 
 tion. Interest centers in every one of these rela- 
 tions. Modest as many of these tellers of tales may 
 be as regards their own personal experiences, the least 
 of them show that the courage and resourcefulness of 
 those who so surely wrought out the destiny of Mon- 
 tana entitles them to high regard from a vounger gen- 
 eration and of other environment. Before he ever 
 reached Montana, Robert Aitchison, who is one of the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1071 
 
 big men of the state in the cattle business and a valued 
 resident of Miles City, had already taken part in 
 border warfare and has journeyed for hundreds of 
 miles through a practically trackless wilderness. He 
 was born mid the peaceful surroundings of his fa- 
 ther’s homestead in Nickel township, Wellington 
 county, Ontario, Dominion of Canada, March 12, 1852, 
 and is a son of Thomas and Jane (Scott) Aitchison. 
 
 The parents of Mr. Aitchison were both born in 
 Scotland, the father in Gallieshields and the mother 
 in the city of Edinburgh. The father died in 1867, 
 but the mother lived until almost eighty years of age, 
 passing away in 1904. They were married in Ontario, 
 and four sons and three daughters were born to them, 
 the survivors being: Jane, who is the widow of An- 
 drew Forester; Robert, Peter and William, all of 
 whom reside in Montana ; and Thomas, who still lives 
 in Ontario. Anne and Betsey are deceased, the former 
 dying in 1912, when aged sixty-five years, survived 
 by her husband, James Elge. The father of Mr. 
 Aitchison was a very earH settler in the province of 
 Ontario and developed his fine farm from a virgin 
 state. He reared his family in the faith of the Presby- 
 terian church. 
 
 Robert Aitchison assisted his father until he en- 
 tered into railroad work, becoming a freight brakeman 
 of the Great Western, now the Grand Trunk Railroad, 
 later serving for six years as baggage master on the 
 Canada Southern Railroad and subsequently as pas- 
 senger brakeman. In 1876 he joined a party for Dead- 
 wood, Dakota, going by rail to Yankton, by steam 
 from there to Fort Pierre and then by freight outfit 
 to Rapid City, Dakota, in the meanwhile having had 
 trouble with the unfriendly Indians, four of the men 
 in the party having been shot by the savages. After 
 two days of outfitting at Rapid City the part}^ started 
 for Deadwood, and on the first night out met a group 
 of men returning to Rapid City with the body of Cap- 
 tain Dodge, who had been killed by the Indians on the 
 previous night on Elk creek. Notwithstanding this 
 ominous beginning, Mr. Aitchison and his party kept 
 on into the Black Hills and came on through to the 
 Little Missouri river in Montana with the first gold 
 stampede. Late in the fall he returned to the Black 
 Hills, and during the winter hunted elk, selling the 
 meat at Deadwood. 
 
 On July 14, 1877, Mr. Aitchison left Deadwood by 
 way of tire old Fort Reno trail up into the Bighorn 
 mountains, again in search of gold, going on by Little 
 Goose creek over the mountains, then down to Paint 
 Rock, crossing No Wood creek on the west slope. He 
 continued prospecting up Gray Bull creek and on up 
 Stinking Water and down again and then crossed 
 the Bighorn mountains to Fort Custer. He arrived 
 at the fort on the night following a raid made by horse 
 thieves, who stole seventy-five head of horses, the 
 leader of the thieving gang being known as Big Nose 
 George. From Fort Custer, Mr. Aitchison went down 
 the Yellowstone river and reached Miles City in 1877. 
 He then assisted in building the sutler's store at Fort 
 Keogh, and during the following winter, with two 
 other men, engaged in hunting elk and buffalo on the 
 Rosebud river, selling the meat in Miles City. In 
 March, 1878, Mr. Aitchison with two other men went 
 up Tongue river prospecting, and again engaged in 
 hunting on Pumpkin creek. While looking the country 
 over they were caught in one of the storms for which 
 Montana is justly famous, and for eight days the party 
 was snow bound. As they were veteran travelers and 
 hunters, they were able to meet the situation better 
 than strangers to the dangers surrounding could have 
 done, but as it was they were in danger of starva- 
 tion, as for seven days they were without food. In 
 the meanwhile they found that their shack on the 
 Tongue river had been occupied by a band of Indian 
 
 scouts who had been making themselves comparatively 
 comfortable. 
 
 In 1878 Mr. Aitchison took up his homestead claim 
 on Tongue river, on which he had erected the above 
 mentioned shelter. After getting back to Miles City 
 he secured the beef contract from Clark Tingley to 
 supply Fort Keogh and afterward cut hay for the 
 United States government. In the fall of 1878 he 
 once more joined the stampede to the gold regions, in 
 the Bighorn mountains, near the National Park, and 
 on this trip had an exciting combat with a bear, which 
 resulted in bear meat for the camp. Late in the fall 
 he came back once more to Miles City and in the 
 following winter started for Bismarck, Dakota, with 
 two companions. On the way down they encountered 
 Colonel Rice and Lieutenant Sibley, with twelve sol- 
 diers as' an escort for a Mr. Kahn, who was carrying 
 the sum of $3,400. Road agents stopped the party 
 and secured Mr. Kahn’s money, the watches belonging 
 to the others and one of the best horses. On this trip 
 it took Mr. Aitchison sixteen days to reach Bismarck 
 and thirty-six to return to Miles City. After this he 
 devoted the larger part of his time to freighting until 
 1882 between Bismarck, Miles City, Fort Beauford, 
 Billings and Fort Custer, and in the fall of 1880 he 
 took two four-horse loads of Buffalo meat to Bis- 
 marck and the same to Fort Meade, the round trip 
 back to Miles City covering sixty^-five days. In 1882 
 he settled on his own land and engaged in freighting 
 for the ranchmen and also assisted in building the 
 government roads and continued to live on his home- 
 stead until 1901, when he settled at Miles City% where 
 he went into the feed and livery business, but has 
 never disposed of his ranch, and since 1887 has been 
 extensively concerned in the cattle and horse business. 
 In 1904 he built new barns at Miles City and also the 
 salesyards now the property of the A. B. Clark Horse 
 Sales Company, and not only sold the property to this 
 company but also sold them the first horses they ever 
 bought in Montana. 
 
 Mr. Aitchison was married in February, 1882, to 
 Miss Christianna McClean, who was born in Ontario, 
 Canada, and they have had eight children, as fol- 
 lows: Therma, Robert, Jr., Mabel, Earl, Walter, Dor- 
 othy, and two who died in infancy. The eldest daugh- 
 ter is the wife of John Sykes. Mr. Aitchison is a 
 member of Yellowstone Lodge, No. 26, A. F. & A. M. 
 Politically he is a Republican. 
 
 _ Ensign Simeon Sweet. One of the successful finan- 
 ciers of Chouteau county. Ensign Simeon Sweet is 
 widely known as president of the First National Bank 
 of Chinook, and as a man of sterling ability and in- 
 tegrity. A son of Hiram Sweet, he was born, October 
 14, 1854, at Momence, Illinois, but was brought up in 
 Iowa. 
 
 Born and reared in New York state, Hiram Sweet, 
 with the restless spirit characteristic of the Americans, 
 migrated to Illinois when young, and after living for 
 a tirne in Kankakee county, Illinois, followed the march 
 of civilization still further westward, going, in 1855, 
 to Fayette county, Iowa. A successful business man, he 
 acquired title to manv acres of land, owning several 
 large tracts, and ere his death, which occurred at Fay- 
 ette, Iowa, in 1907, was classed with the leading cap- 
 italists of his community. He was twice married, first 
 to Diana M. Sweet, who was born in Washington 
 county. New York, and died in Fa5'ette county, Iowa, 
 .\ugust 12. 1869, leaving two children, namely: Ensign 
 
 Simeon, the special subject of this sketch; and Stella, 
 wife of Theodore Kemmerer, of Davenport, Iowa. 
 
 On November 9, 1887. Mr, Sweet was married to 
 Miss Agnes Ellen, daughter of Dudley Perley and Lucy 
 Ellen (Warren) Clark, of Unity, Maine, and to them 
 was born a son, Lloyd Dudley Sweet. He was born at 
 Utica, Montana, October 16, 1889, and is now in his 
 
1072 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 senior year at Leland Stanford University. Mrs. 
 Sweet is a member of “Dorothy Q” Chapter, D. A. R. 
 
 Less than a year old when his parents moved to 
 Iowa, Ensign Simeon Sweet was educated in the pub- 
 lic schools of Fayette, where, at the age of twenty 
 years, he embarked in the mercantile business, con- 
 ducting a general store three years. Naturally enter- 
 prising and venturesome, he then sold out his business 
 in that place, and sought a new location in the wilds 
 of Montana. Settling in the Judith basin, Mr. Sweet 
 embarked in stock raising on a small scale, and in the 
 undertaking met with very gratifying success. In 1890 
 he was forced to move his cattle, on account of the 
 excessive drv seasons, to Chouteau county, land in the 
 Judith basin being then opened to farming. Mr. Sweet 
 purchased land in Chouteau county, where he continued 
 cattle raising for four years, when he disposed of all 
 of his cattle and started in another industry of a similar 
 nature — raising sheep and horses, instead of cattle. 
 In 1901 Mr. Sweet moved into Chinook, becoming in 
 that year one of the directors of the First National 
 Bank of that place. In 1907 he was elected president 
 of this bank, and has since managed its affairs most 
 satisfactorily to all concerned. Politically, he is iden- 
 tified with the Republican party. 
 
 Robert S. H. McGinness, has been a resident of 
 the state of Montana since he was twenty years of 
 age, and of Harlem since the year 1903. He is a native 
 of the state of Missouri, born there on August 29, 
 1857, and is the son of James R. and Susie B. (Flale) 
 McGinness. The father and mother were both natives 
 of Kentucky, who migrated to Missouri in their young 
 life and there passed the remainder of their days. The 
 father was a farmer and he lived to see eighty-seven 
 years of life, while the mother passed away in 1877 
 at the age of fifty-eight. They were the parents of 
 seven children, here named in the order of their birth : 
 Thomas, a farmer in Oklahoma; Cassie, the wife of 
 William B. Leach, residents of Kearney, Missouri, 
 the home town of the family: Sarah, the wife of Isaac 
 Harrel, of Mormemec, Oklahoma ; Robert S. H., of 
 this review ; Strother H., a farmer and dairyman of 
 prominence in Excelsior Springs, Missouri ; James, 
 deceased ; William M., a hotel proprietor of Culbert- 
 son, Montana. 
 
 Robert McGinness received the advantage of a 
 liberal education in his younger days, graduating from 
 the high school of his native town and later attending 
 William Jewell College, Liberty, Missouri, from which 
 he was graduated in the literary course in 1877. On 
 leaving college he took up the study of pharmacy, and 
 he has devoted his life thus far to that work. In 1877 
 Mr. McGinness came to Helena and secured employ- 
 ment with the R. S. Hale Drug Company, and he re- 
 mained in their service for ten years, or until 1903, 
 when they went out of business. During this period 
 he became manager and finally closed out the $100,000 
 stock carried by the company. 
 
 Mr. McGinness’ health failed as a result of the close, 
 confining work connected with the drug business, and 
 he went into the mines as manager for Mr. Hale, by 
 way of gaining some outside employment, and he re- 
 mained thus occupied for two years, at the end of 
 which time his health was completely restored to its 
 former vigor. Following that experience he went to 
 White Sulphur Springs and opened a drug store. 
 After some little time he sold a half interest in the 
 store to his brother, William M., later disposing of 
 his remaining interest in the same manner, and re- 
 turned to Helena where he became manager for the 
 Flale Drug Company. He continued in that capacity 
 until 1903, in which year, as stated,, he closed out the 
 business for Mr. Hale and came to Harlem where he 
 opened a drug store for himself, beginning in a modest 
 way as befitted his capital and the demands of the 
 
 town. 1 he business has grown with the expansion 
 of the city, and today the drug store which he operates 
 is the leading establishment of its kind in Harlem. 
 His e.xperience there has been of a most pleasing nature, 
 and his success is wholly consistent with the excellent 
 business methods which he has ever pursued, and 
 \vhich reflect the high character and admirable integ- 
 rity of the man as well as the business proprietor. Mr. 
 McGinness has acquired a considerable valuable prop- ^ 
 erty in Blaine county during the years of his associa- 
 tion with this section of the country, among which is 
 a fine farm and a handsome home in Harlem. 
 
 In 1891 Mr. McGinness was married to Miss Pearl 
 Anderson of Alliance, Ohio, and of their union three 
 sons have been born. They are Jay A., Robert H., Jr., 
 and Verner M. Mr. McGinness is essentially a home 
 man and a devoted husband and father. He enjoys 
 the quiet comforts of his home, and is something of a 
 student, his inclinations taking a decided literary turn. 
 Fie and his family are members of the Presbyterian 
 church of Flarlem, and he is a member of the Knights 
 of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fel- 
 lows, being secretary of the local lodge of the latter 
 fraternity. 
 
 Joseph Herring. Among the men who know Mon- 
 tana intimately, who have been with her through the 
 years while she changed from the country of the 
 Indian and bison, to one of the great commonwealths 
 of the United States, is Joseph Herring, one of the 
 leading business men of Great Falls, Montana. No 
 man knows the west better than he does for he has 
 lived in this section for thirty-five years, and has been 
 everything from a stage driver to a vice-president of 
 a large corporation. For more than twenty-five years 
 he has resided within the confines of the state of Mon- 
 tana, though when he first came to Great Falls, Mon- 
 tana had not attained the dignity of statehood. His 
 love for the country and the people is therefore not to 
 be wondered at, and the active part which he takes 
 in political, civic and commercial affairs is not surpris- 
 ing. He is particularly interested in advancing the 
 public welfare of the city of Great Falls, and as com- 
 missioner of streets has done much toward making- the 
 city more attractive. His life has been one of many 
 ups and downs, but now he has reached the point 
 where he could sit back and take his ease were it his 
 nature. He is like an old war horse, though, and has 
 no desire to escape from the dust of the battle, and is 
 therefore one of the leading men in the industrial 
 world of Great Falls. 
 
 Joseph Herring, was born on the 9th of October, 
 1853, in the state of Pennsylvania. His father was 
 Francis Carter Herring, who was a native of the 
 same state. He was a Methodist preacher, and died 
 in 1892, at the age of sixty, in Great Falls, Montana. 
 His wife, Katherine Herring was a native of Ohio, 
 and she died in 1872. Joseph Herring was the next 
 to the eldest in a family of seven children. His par- 
 ents moved to Iowa when he was a child, and his 
 education was therefore obtained from the schools of 
 that state. 
 
 At the age of fifteen Joseph decided that he had 
 had enough of school books, so he left school and 
 went to work. For a few years he did the usual sort 
 of work that is given to a boy still in his teens. A.S 
 he grew older he was given more responsible posi- 
 tions, but like most spirited young men he was filled 
 with a wild desire to go west. At last, 1877, his chance 
 came, and he made his way to the Black Hills. Here 
 for a time he followed placer mining, and when this 
 did not prove to be very lucrative, he turned to stage 
 driving, in which, if the pecuniary advantages were 
 no greater the excitemennt more than made up for it 
 in the mind of the young Mr. Herring. His route 
 was from Central City, South Dakota, to Deadwood 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1073 
 
 in the same state, and it was rare that he made a trip 
 in which nothing out of the normal occurred. Road 
 agents and highwaymen infested the country, and Mr. 
 Herring had a number of narrow escapes, on one occa- 
 sion being seriously wounded, for, since he did not / 
 respond to the highwayman’s demands with sufficient 
 alacrity, the desperado chose to hasten his compliance/ 
 with a shot-gun. For a number of years he followed' 
 this dangerous vocation, and his next choice of a busi-' 
 ness, was quite as dangerous and even more exciting. 
 
 This was buffalo hunting. He became one of the 
 most noted bison hunters in the early days, when they 
 killed the great beasts for their hides alone. The mar- 
 ket was readily found, no matter how great the num- 
 ber of skins, and it was more like slaughter than hunt- 
 ing, so great were the number of beasts that were 
 slain. It was a risky thing, wherein much depended 
 upon the quickness of the horse, and the coolheaded- 
 ness and skill of the rider. On one occasion, Mr. 
 Herring killed that rarest of all varieties, a pure black 
 bison. He underwent considerable risk to obtain the 
 hide, and intended to preserve it forever as a trophy 
 of the hunt. It was not to be, for several days later 
 the party of hunstmen met a band of marauding Indians 
 and in the battle that followed the Indians made off 
 with the entire hoard of the hunters. Among these 
 was the black hide, and Mr. Herring has never ceased 
 to regret its loss for that animal was the only black 
 buffalo he has ever seen either before or since that 
 time. These hunts were held in the vicinity of what 
 is now Miles City, extending as far south as Bear- 
 tooth National Forest. 
 
 Mr. Herring next removed from this section to the 
 Little Rockies where he took up prospecting and min- 
 ing. This time he was very successful. He lived the 
 life of a miner for several years and then he concluded 
 to settle down to the quieter life of a merchant, so with 
 that purpose in view, he located in Maiden, Montana. 
 He remained there until 1886, engaged in the mer- 
 chandise business. He then removed to Great Falls, 
 where he engaged in the ice business. He cut his ice 
 by hand, storing it away until summer, and then 
 selling it to the citizens of Great Falls, who were 
 highly appreciative of the luxury, for until this time 
 ice had been a missing commodity. Since he was the 
 first to conceive and carry out this plan, it is no more 
 than just that he should be today, vice-president of 
 the business which has resulted from this small and 
 primitive beginning. This corporation is the Great 
 Falls Ice and Fuel Company, of which L. W. Luke is 
 president and A. D. Robinson is treasurer. Mr. Her- 
 ring is a stockholder and director in the company, as 
 well as an officer, and from his long experience in the 
 business the corporation could scarcely get along with- 
 out him. 
 
 Mr. Herring is a Republican in politics. A man of 
 of his breadth and experience is of inestimable benefit 
 to his party, and they are well aware of his value. 
 Mayor J. M. Speer has recently appointed him as 
 street commissioner for the city, his term being a two 
 year one, but he will probably be re-appointed for his 
 work along these lines has been highly satisfactory to 
 every one concerned. In the fraternal world, Mr. Her- 
 ring is a member of the Oddfellows and of the Eagles. 
 
 On the loth of January, 187', Mr. Herring was mar- 
 ried to Marie Crumb, at Elk Point, South Dakota. 
 Two children were born of this union, but his wife 
 only lived until 189.^. The children, both of whom 
 are now living in Great Falls, are Jessie and Harry 
 Herring. On the 6th of September, 1896. Mr. Herring 
 was married for the second time. The ceremony was 
 performed at Great Falls and the bride was Mrs. Josie 
 Wheatley. 
 
 Mr. Herring owns his own residence property, at 
 321 Fifth avenue, South, and he also owns and operates 
 a live-stock ranch in Cascade county, Montana. This 
 
 ranch consists of three hundred and twenty acres and 
 he raises a large number of horses and cattle, paying 
 especial attention to the breeding of fine animals. 
 
 Edgar S. Paxson. In a historical work of the state 
 of JMontana and its foremost men, to omit extended 
 mention of the life and work of Edgar S. Paxson 
 would be a flagrant inconsistency with the general 
 fitness of things, and in writing of him it is not the 
 intention to eulogize the man or unduly praise his 
 work; — for indeed no words are adequate to express 
 the high character portrayed by his life. — but rather 
 to make a plain, straightforward statement of the 
 , facts of his life, knowing full well that such a recital 
 will be more eloquent of his many excellent qualities 
 ' and his rare ability as an artist than the most high- 
 sounding verbiage, however fitting, might picture him. 
 
 Edward S. Paxson was born in Orchard Park, near 
 Buffalo, New York, on the 25th of April, 1S52. He 
 is {he son of William Hambleton and Christina 
 (Hambleton) Paxson, natives of New York state. 
 As a boy and youth he attended the public schools 
 of his community, finishing his schooling with a year 
 in a New York college known as the Freidns’ Insti- 
 tute. When he was twenty years old he went to 
 Saginaw, Michigan, returning after a few months to 
 New York state, where he went into the carriage 
 painting business. He remained thus occupied for 
 perhaps two years, and then, with one of his broth- 
 ers, began to travel in various parts of the United 
 States. They covered several of the southern and west- 
 ern states, working at intervals at their trade, and tiring 
 somewhat of their nomadic life, again returned to their 
 eastern home. A year later Edward Paxson set out 
 for the West, this time with the definite intention of 
 reaching that portion of the country, and he worked 
 his way across and through the Dakotas into Mon- 
 tana, reaching the then territory in 1877. His first 
 stop of any permanency was at Ryan's Canyon, where 
 he hired out to some cattlemen to do some hunting 
 and scouting for them. Let it be said here that the 
 wild life of the West was eminently suited to the tem- 
 perament of Mr. Paxson, coming as he did from a 
 family of Quakers who had been famous hunters 
 since the days of William Penn. The love of the 
 wilds was in his blood, and the feel of a gun was as 
 natural to him as breathing, so that the opportunity 
 
 to test his mettle on the plains was a welcome one 
 
 indeed, especially as it came at a time when the 
 
 famous Nez Perce Indian war was being waged. His 
 
 next employment was as a messenger from Ryan's 
 Canyon to Iron Rod, and it is obvious that in those 
 strenhous times he would have many a thrilling expe- 
 rience in the discharge of his duties. At one time he 
 was surrounded by a party of thirty Indians who 
 had escaped from the United States soldiers, and held 
 by them for forty-eight hours. What his fate might 
 have been he can only conjecture, for he escaped from 
 the camp by the exercise of a piece of cunning equal 
 to that of his captors and on reaching Deer Lodge 
 gave the alarm. In those early days he resorted to 
 any work that promised excitement, experience and an 
 honest living, and the days here spent in cow-punching 
 Indian trailing and hunting big game gave him an in- 
 sight into western life that he has depicted with 
 marvelous accuracy in his canvasses of later life, for 
 in those early days his talent was then undiscovered, 
 even by himself. Eollowing a few years of life on the 
 plains, he located in Deer Lodge where he remained 
 four years, and it was while here that he began to 
 display an interest in art. From the first his work 
 was especially meritorious, and was productive of con- 
 siderable local fame, although the work which brought 
 him world wide notice was not completed until 1898. 
 In 1880 Mr. Paxson was called to Butte to paint a 
 
1074 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 panoramic view for a patron there, and though he 
 completed the work in a matter entirely satisfactory 
 to the patron, he never received his fee of something 
 like $800, the would-be purchaser defaulting at the 
 crucial moment. He remained in Butte thereafter for 
 twenty-four years where he followed sign and scene 
 painting for the greater part of the time, the while 
 he studied constantly and worked to increase his won- 
 derful talent for the depicting of western scenes and 
 life. In 1895 he began work on his famous Custer 
 picture, but the breaking out of the Spanish-American 
 war found him eager as a boy to enlist in the volunteer 
 service, and he went as first lieutenant of his company 
 in a Montana volunteer regiment, his son Harry 
 going as a member of tbe same company. Ill health 
 compelled his return from the Philippines in January, 
 i8(^, and after that time he gave himself up entirely 
 to his art. It was not until then that he finished his 
 Custer picture which has brought him so much re- 
 nown, and which has called forth letters of congrat- 
 ulation from artists, statesmen and army officials in 
 every corner of the globe. At the present time Mr. 
 Paxson is engaged in work on six mural decorations 
 for the state capital at Helena, which give brilliant 
 promise and will later place eight panels in the new 
 county court house. One is particularly pleasing, 
 being a representation of Saca-je-wea, the little Indian 
 girl leading Lewis and Clarke through the mountains 
 and trails. All are wonderful in their interpretation 
 of western life and atmosphere, and are worthy of 
 their creator. True to life and history in every detail 
 as his pictures are, the wonder of it all is how the 
 men, untutored in his art in a practical sense, has 
 solved the mysteries of color and technique ; but the 
 fact remains that his work is as near perfection as 
 human skill may touch. It might well be said of 
 him in explanation of his wonderful success in his 
 interpretations of life and action that he “mixes his 
 paint with brains,” as a famous artist is reputed to 
 have said to a curious inquirer as to the secret of 
 his success. Whatever the hidden secret of the phe- 
 nomena! success of Mr. Paxson, the fact remains 
 that what he knows of art he learned in the sage- 
 brush, the Indian camp, the cattle ranch and the 
 mountains. The ability which enables him to portray 
 what he learned thus is a natural talent, requiring no 
 cultivation, so strong, so vital and so true is the in- 
 stinct of the artistic sense in the man. In addition to 
 his more important works, Mr. Paxson has done a 
 considerable illustrating for books, the illustrations 
 in Connor’s “Man From Glengarry” being the prod- 
 uct of his brush. 
 
 Several years ago the parents of Mr. Paxson came 
 to Montana and settled in Butte where they might be 
 near their s6n and others of the family who had 
 come to the western state. They passed their de- 
 clining years in Butte and there are buried. A 
 brother, Robert H., was for some years a prominent 
 druggist in Butte, but he is now a resident of the 
 state of Oregon, while his sister, Mrs. W. J. Crittenden, 
 lives in Butte. Mr. Paxson is a Republican, but takes 
 no active part in politics. He is a member of the Odd- 
 fellows, the Spanish War Veterans, and of the National 
 Geographical Society at Washington, D. C. In 1904 
 Mr. Paxson was elected an honorary member of the 
 Marine Club of Chicago, a peculiar and unusual' distinc- 
 tion, that being a ladies club, and Mr. Paxson is the only 
 male member. He is also an honorary member of tbe 
 Marion A. White .Arts and Crafts Club of Butte. He 
 is an active member of the Pioneer Society and of the 
 original Gun Club of Montana. He is an expert shot 
 and an enthusiast, and has shot with this club from coast 
 to coast. He attends the Congregational church in Mis- 
 soula but is a member of no church, 
 
 Mr. Paxson was married in Orchard Park, New 
 York, on June 4, 1874, to Laura M. Johnson of that 
 
 place to whom he owes much of his success in life. 
 They have reared a family of four children, — three 
 sons and one daughter, of whom mention is made as 
 follows : Loran Custer Paxson, married and is a resi- 
 dent of Butte. Harry McDonald Paxson, deceased, 
 Robert Cyrenas Paxson, unmarried and a member of 
 the Paxson household. Leila, now attending school. 
 
 Of the life of Harry McDonald Paxson brief 
 mention may be made here. He was born and reared 
 in Montana and there carefully educated. A boy of 
 seventeen years when the Spanish-American war was 
 declared, he enlisted for service in the same company 
 in which his father was first lieutenant, — Company 
 G. of the First Montana Volunteers. He served as a 
 bugler in his company, and was detached to Major 
 Crooks’ Battalion, and so distinguished himself in 
 action that upon his return home at the close of the 
 war he was awarded a special medal by congress 
 “for conspicuous bravery in action.” When the war 
 was over and he had resumed civilian life, he left his 
 home in Butte to become assistant electrical engineer 
 in charge of the dredges at Ruby, and while at work 
 in the electrical department of the Conroy Placer 
 Mining Company the unfortunate accident occurred 
 which resulted in the instantaneous death of the young 
 man. No finer specimen of young and brilliant man- 
 hood might be found in the state than Harry Mc- 
 Donald Paxson, and his loss was felt in a wide circle 
 of admiring and devoted, friends. ITe possessed a 
 fine and distinctive character, displaying many of the 
 splendid attributes wbich have made his father the 
 man he is known to be. Fie was devoted to his home 
 and parents, and his death, coming at a time when he 
 had but just begun his life work and in which he had 
 made such e.xcellent progress, was a blow from which 
 they will never recover. He left a wife and two 
 little boys, Harry McDonald and William Edgar Pax- 
 son. 
 
 In further comment upon the life of Edgar Paxson, 
 is quoted, with some slight omissions, an article taken 
 from the pages of the Overland Monthly of September, 
 1906, entitled Edgar Samuel Paxson, Pioneer, Scout 
 and Artist, which can not fail to throw some interest- 
 ing side lights upon the life of this man among men. 
 The article follows : “The history-making epoch of a 
 country is rarely ever an epoch of an artistic or lit- 
 erary achievement, for the obvious reason that men 
 are spending their energy upon the stern problems 
 of life itself, and not in the passive reflection thereof. 
 This is conspicuously true of the northwest, where 
 climate, Indians and a curious hostility among the 
 earlier argonauts themselves, left little time or force 
 for the preservation in color or language of the pic- 
 turesque beginnings of its civilization. However, there 
 are a few exceptions, and one of the most striking of 
 these is the artist, Edgar S. Paxson, who, coming 
 from his native village near Buffalo, New York, in the 
 seventies, reached the western country in time to wit- 
 ness and participate in the bitter Indian fights and 
 imbibe the rough majesty of the mountains which were 
 still undesecrated by the petty projects of man. 
 
 “It was the influence of the new life of adventure ; 
 the stealthy trips out into the solitudes in search of 
 lurking foes and elusive game, where the mountains 
 seemed to be dipped in the color of the sky, and the 
 sun shone pure gold through the clear air, that caused 
 Paxson to begin to paint what he saw. His home was 
 in Deer Lodge, Montana, a pretty little town hemmed 
 in by the eternal hills. He had not been given an 
 art education, but be possessed the artistic insight to a 
 wohd^pl degree, and with no impetus save the love 
 of the doin^, he worked in obscurity for many years. 
 But all the v^hile he was observing keenly the minutiae 
 of the pioneer life that was passing like the mists 
 from the mountains. As a scout and a captive he 
 studied the tyrannical Indian making his last des- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1075 
 
 perate stand against the inevitable encroachment of 
 civilization ; as a minister of mercy in the hospitals 
 after the Custer massacre and Nez Perce’s in Big Hole, 
 he learned from the wounded soldiers their stories of 
 blood and glory, and now in his studio there are valu- 
 able relics of those tempestuous times. As a trapper 
 and hunter he stalked the elk, the de&r, the Rock 
 Mountain sheep, through pristine forests and oyer 
 precipitous steeps, learning all the while the subtdty 
 of it all ; the secret of the changing scene spread ma- 
 jestically upon the infinite canvas of nature. And 
 once possessed of this knowledge, he set about inter- 
 preting in color scenes, customs arid people now in- 
 timately familiar to him. The Indian vyas to be his 
 master theme, and secondarily, as a setting, the snow 
 clad peaks, the sage-brush and the plain. The iron- 
 jawed cayuse, the buffalo and all the creatures of the 
 wilderness were to find a place in the pictures wrought 
 by this man. , 
 
 “As the discovery of the new mines changed the 
 relative importance of the different camps, Butte be- 
 came the center of activity, and Paxson moved there 
 from his earlier home in Deer Lodge. During the 
 years he had conceived the idea of painting a picture 
 of Custer's last fight, which should, so far as was 
 possible, depict with absolute faithfulness of detail 
 that dikstrous battle. With survivors of the fight, 
 scouts and Indians, he went over the ground and 
 through such information as they could give, and by 
 means of the monuments placed by the government 
 in the exact spot where each soldier fell, gained a 
 knowledge of environment and detail. Then he began 
 the picture which made him famous. It is a large 
 canvas, showing the heat of the fray, with soldier, 
 Indian and horses in the tangle of a sanguine melee. 
 It was exhibited at the World’s Fair in Chicago, where 
 it attracted general notice, and it is still kept and 
 shown in that city. It was for six years in many of 
 the prominent cities of the East. Since then he has 
 been represented at all the national expositions, his 
 display at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition _ having 
 elicited a vote of thanks from the Montana Legislature. 
 Among his best canvases there were ‘1804,’ ‘Jumping 
 the Wagon Train,’ and ‘Injuns, b’gosh.’ Mr. Pax- 
 son’s pictures are also owned by many private collec- 
 tors in Paris, London and all over the United States. 
 
 “In addition to his painting, Mr. Paxson has done 
 much illustrating, having furnished the pictures for 
 Ralph Connor’s ‘Glengarry School Days,’ Alfred 
 Henry’s ‘By Order of the Prophet,’ and many other 
 popular books of the day. He is at present engaged 
 upon illustrations for the ‘Life of the Reverend L. B. 
 Stateler,’ or ‘Sixty-five years on the Frontier,’ by 
 Reverend Edwin jf. Stanley, author of ‘Rambles in 
 Wonderland.’ 
 
 “In ^898, when the call came for volunteers in our 
 war with Spain, Paxson responded, and enlisted in the 
 First Montana Infantry, U. S. V., and was commis- 
 sioned a first lieutenant. The old spirit of the' seven- 
 ties was alive again, and fie, among many another vet- 
 eran of the Indian cafrip^ns, abandoned the pursuits 
 of peace for the adventiire and vicissitude of war. 
 This period among the tropical islands of the Phil- 
 ippines has left no appreciable trace upon his art, and 
 when Mr. Paxson laid down his sword for the brush, 
 it was to resume the theme he had chosen in youth 
 as his life work. 
 
 “In the little studio, perched up high on the famous 
 Anaconda Hill, within hearing of the booming and 
 throbbing of the engines of the mines, amid^iuge 
 smoke stacks, hoists and shafthouses, and in fj|^\'iew 
 of the great unshorn bulk of the Continental Divide, 
 Mr. Paxson can be found almost any afternoon. He 
 is a quiet, serious looking man, little inclined to ‘blow 
 his own horn,’ as he himself has said. But he does 
 like to show his visitors the wealth of curiosities 
 voi. n— 1 5 
 
 gathered during his long life as an artist and a col- 
 Jector. There are bows and arrows, buckskin coats, 
 beaded in curiously wrought patterns, one of which 
 was made by Sitting Bull’s daughter and worn by an 
 American officer in the Custer fight. There are moc- 
 casins, belts, necklaces of eagle talons, and strange 
 head dresses of feathers ; baskets, ancient rifles, each 
 with its story, and more besides than the casual ob- 
 server can hope to grasp at a single viewing. One 
 would travel far to find a choicer collection of rare 
 relics. The bead work alone is fit for a museum. 
 
 ■‘Here in this atmosphere of the Indian, his craft 
 and his tradition, Mr. Paxson sits and works upon the 
 canvases, disposed upon easels about the studio. There 
 are brave scenes of the chase and among the best of 
 /them are the buffalo hunts. Overhead, the ceiling 
 j is decorated with a frieze of Indian masks, pipes of 
 1 peace and arrows, done in warm sepia by the artist. 
 \ Beneath one’s feet are deer skins which tell the tale 
 \pf those early expeditions into the heart of the hills, 
 Md not a few antlers and bleached skulls peer down 
 frvom the walls, or lie among the heaps of books and 
 portfolios upon the floor. 
 
 '■‘Many a pilgrim from the East and West climbs the 
 steep hill and knocks at the artist’s door. In the book 
 or register which he keeps one sees distinguished sig- 
 natures and reads sentiments of kindly interest and 
 good wishes from soldiers, artists, writers, and some 
 of the Indian chiefs, themselves, who, grave, blanketed 
 and serene, have set their cross mark next to the 
 names of the bravest of their whilom foes. 
 
 “Thus he of the opposing whites who fought cour- 
 ageously in the winning of the wilderness, has become, 
 in a sense, the disciple of the passing race, and when 
 the fleeting figure of the Red man has gone forever 
 from the shifting scene of life, it will still live upon 
 the canvas of its faithful interpreter, and the name of 
 the Indian ana the Master will forever be linked to- 
 gether in the history of the Might}- West.’’ 
 
 George L. Overfield is another of those men of whom 
 one speaks with pride as having passed from adversity 
 through achievement to prosperity. From the post- 
 bellum days, when after the wreck of family fortunes 
 by war, he worked on a farm for a few cents a day, 
 to the period when he could contribute a thousand a 
 year to the support of his parents, his life has included 
 years of industry of patience, of thrift and of thought- 
 ful decisions. Many changes of location have been 
 included in those years, but behind each change was 
 some rational purpose. George L. Overfield was the 
 son of John E. and Sarah (Hanshaw) Overfield, both 
 of whom were natives_ of old "Virginia, the former being 
 a veteran of the Union army at the time of George 
 Overfield’s youth. The father died in 1899 at the age 
 of sixty-three and the mother in 1893 at the age of 
 fifty-seven. The subject of this sketch was the third 
 in the family of three sons and three daughters. His 
 education was that of the public schools, pursued until 
 he had_ reached the age of fourteen years. On the 
 conclusion of the war, the family plantation having 
 been lost to them at that time, his parents moved to 
 West Virginia. There the father engaged in mercantile 
 business. George Overfield eventually determined upon 
 going into the same kind of work and at Grafton, West 
 "Virginia, he accepted a position in the store of his 
 mother’s brother, who had a general merchandise estab- 
 lishment there. After three years he passed to similar 
 work in western Maryland and later to other employ- 
 ment of the same sort in Piedmont, "VVest "Virginia. 
 After continuing in that place for five years, he went 
 north with J. W. Bradshaw, a merchant who was the 
 son of John W. Bradshaw, the master of the Baltimore 
 & Ohio Railroad. At Burton station. West Virginia, 
 he became assistant agent and clerk in the general mer- 
 chandise store. Here he remained for three years. 
 
1076 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 In December, 1877, Mr. Overfield made a more decided 
 change. Traveling westward to Montana, he took a 
 position with the Rolla & Clark wholesale dry goods 
 house, a wholesale establishment in Helena, Montana. 
 
 On June 4, 1880, Mr. Overfield resigned his position 
 here to establish himself in a business of his own, in 
 partnership with I. F. Churchill. At Centerville, on 
 the old Bozeman tr.ail, opposite Bedford, they located 
 their store which was a retail house handling dry 
 goods, boots and shoes. In the spring of 1881, this 
 store was sold to James Barker. After another season 
 with Rolla & Clark at Helena, he returned to Fort 
 Benton, where he became assistant manager for I. G. 
 Baker & Company, so continuing until 1884. At that 
 time he was transferred by them to the northwest 
 territory and located at Fort McCloud. When the firm 
 sold out to the Hudson Bay Company, in 1890, Mr. 
 Overfield returned to Fort Benton once more. His 
 next removal was to Billings, where he had charge of 
 the business of J. H. Conrad firm, by whom he was 
 presently transferred to Red Lodge, where he re- 
 mained until 1892. He was then stationed at Great 
 Falls, where he was made assignee for the largest of 
 the Joe Conrad dry goods stores. Mr. Overfield’s 
 supervision was such that the stock was soon reduced 
 to the value of $20,000, after which he purchased the 
 remainder. A period ensued in which he conducted his 
 store successfully, eventually selling out to the Strain 
 Brothers, who are now the leading dry goods mer- 
 chants in Great Falls. After that deal, Mr. Overfield 
 took over the Great Falls store, owned by George Thir, 
 also managing the W. B. Rolla & Company dry goods 
 business of Great Falls, for a continued period until 
 forced by ill health to resign the position and return 
 to Fort Benton. 
 
 Throughout these years of mercantile service, Mr. 
 Overfield had been so arranging his affairs, pecuniary 
 and otherwise, as to make possible, in 1882, his engag- 
 ing in the very profitable enterprise of cattle-dealing. 
 He is president of the Shonkin Stock Association, a 
 company incorporated for twenty-five thousand dollars. 
 Dr. John V. Carrol is one of the leading stockholders 
 in this corporation. George Overfield is also a director 
 of the Benton State Bank, of which he is also a stock- 
 holder; a director and stockholder of the Benton Elec- 
 tric Light Company, for which he acts as both Sec- 
 retary and treasurer and manager. Dr. Carrol being 
 president : and a director and stockholder of the Baker 
 opera house. As bounty inspector of the Chouteau 
 County State Stock Association for the state of Mon- 
 tana, Mr. Overfield has served for several years. 
 
 Evidences of the public faith in the subject of this 
 sketch are seen in the fact of his having held important 
 offices. For three terms of six years he served on 
 the city council ; he has also held the office of county 
 commissioner by appointment from the court. 
 
 Mr. Overfield is popular in fraternal circles as a 
 member of the Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons; as 
 a Knight Templar; as a member of the Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks, of which he was in Great 
 Falls a charter member; and as a former member of 
 the Knights of Pythias, in which he was of the uni- 
 form rank. It should be added that he was also a 
 charter member of the Electric Club of Great Falls. 
 
 The Overfield home was established September 22, 
 1900, when the subject was married to Miss Alice M. 
 Daly, a native of England, but before her marriage 
 a resident of Helena. The first son of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Overfield was George L., who was born July 20, 1900, 
 but who died October 4, 1903. Alice, the daughter, 
 came to the Overfield home on October 22, 1904. 
 Another son, David Bashan, was born in Wichita, 
 Kansas, May 8, 1906. 
 
 Mr. Overfield’s career has been one representing 
 much patience and self-denial. He is to be congratu- 
 lated that the hard years, in which at the end of much 
 toil he had not the wherewithal to buy a straw hat, are 
 
 of the past ; and that, with his many profitable invest- 
 ments, his numerous ranches and other real estate, he 
 is in a position to be both a credit and a benefit to' the 
 town which is his home. 
 
 John J. Blessing. One of the leading and substan- 
 tial citizens 'of Meagher county is John J. Blessing, 
 who is engaged extensively in the lumber business, 
 and in building and contracting, and who, having 
 arrived in Montana as early as 1877, may almost be 
 accounted a pioneer. He has resided in this place sftice 
 the year 1879, and has exerted a definite influence to- 
 ward its prosperity. Here he has enjoyed success, 
 and it has been that particularly admirable success 
 which means also the wholesome good fortune of the 
 community. His lumber operations are in associa- 
 tion with Mr. F. P. Edwards, the firm having the cap- 
 tion of Blessing & Edwards, and are extensive in 
 scope. 
 
 Mr. Blessing hails from the Buckeye state, his eyes 
 having first opened to the light of day in Independence, 
 Ohio, on October 10, 1858. He remained amid the 
 scenes of his nativity until about the age of nineteen, 
 when, like so many of the flower of young manhood of 
 his day and generation, he followed the star of empire 
 westward and located within the borders of Montana. 
 His first residence was at Fort Logan, where he stayed 
 for only about six months. He then came to White 
 Sulphur Springs and during his long residence here 
 followed contracting and building. He owns a lum- 
 ber yard in connection with his contracting and build- 
 ing work, and is one of the largest operators in his 
 line within a radius of many miles. His record as a 
 builder in this thriving community has been an envia- 
 ble one, and there are many fine, substantial erections 
 to his credit in Meagher county. What he builds is 
 destined to exist and he has a fine reputation for skilled 
 and excellent work. For a time about the year 1890 
 he also engaged in the furniture business at this place, 
 but his other interests proved too large and impor- 
 tant to admit of activities in another field and he sold 
 his furniture business in four years. 
 
 Mr. Blessing is the son of Joseph Blessing, a native 
 of Germany. The elder gentleman came to America 
 when about thirty years of age and located in Ohio 
 where he followed farming and the lumber business. 
 He was a man typical of those fine characteristics and 
 unusual intelligence which is the birthright of the 
 Teutonic immigrant to our shores, and he became a 
 man of influence in his community. He died in the 
 prime of life, his years numbering but forty-five when 
 summoned to the life eternal in 18^. The maiden 
 name of his wife was Catherine Garrett, whom he 
 married in Ohio, and this lady survives, making her 
 home in Independence, Ohio. There were seven chil- 
 dren in the elder Blessing family, the subject being 
 the second in order of nativity. The subject is not 
 the only one of his family to have sought the oppor- 
 tunitie.s- of the Golden West, for he has a half-brother 
 in this state and two married sisters in California. 
 
 Mr. Blessing was reared on his father’s farm in 
 Ohio and received his education in the public schools 
 of Independence and Cleveland, Ohio. The first money 
 he earned was when as a lad of sixteen he began learn- 
 ing tbe carpenter business, his wages being three dol- 
 lars per week. The proceeds he invested in carpenter’s 
 tools. 
 
 Mr. Blessing laid one of the most important stones 
 in the foundation of his success by his marriage to 
 Catheryn Hayes, their union being celebrated at Dun- 
 das, ^pnada, January 9, 1885. Mrs. Blessing was the 
 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Hayes, of Dundas. 
 These children have been born to bless their happy 
 union : Edith R., wife of Dr. Frank Thomas, of Sand 
 Coule, Montana ; Austin J., also residing at present in 
 Sand Coule, where he and his brother-in-law. Dr. 
 Thomas, are operating a coal mine in which Mr. Bless- 
 

 t 
 
VIEW OF BELT, taken in 1899 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1077 
 
 ing, the doctor and Austin J. arc all interested ; and 
 Laurence J., still in school. 
 
 The subject and his family are communicants of the 
 Catholic church and generous supporters of the same. 
 The former has decided tastes and thoroughly enjoys 
 himself with rod and gun, or when witnessing a really 
 good game of baseball. He loves every inch of Mon- 
 tana, the state overflowing with opportunities for rich 
 and poor alike and he has paid his own debt of grati- 
 tude by the constant exercise of the best and most 
 public-spirited citizenship possible. 
 
 John K. Castner. History is but the essence of bi- 
 ography and biography is a record of the deeds and 
 doings of men. As a chronicle in this edition of the 
 Belt Valley Times is a record of the careers of our lead- 
 ing business men who have added lustre to the annals 
 of our city’s history, we point with pride to the life, 
 labor and efforts of the subject of this sketch. Mr. 
 Castner is an early day pioneer and his life has been 
 replete with interest and furnishes ample data for the 
 descriptive pen of the annalist and historian. When 
 future writers chronicle the story of the progress of 
 Montana, prominent among those who have played a 
 leading part in this vast empire will be inscribed the 
 name of John K. Castner of the city of Belt. Mr. Cast- 
 ner takes high rank among the old time pioneers of the 
 state and on his merits alone comes in for very honor- 
 able distinction in these pages as we pass in review the 
 celebrities of our city. An attempt to narrate even in 
 epitome the incidents which have characterized the ca- 
 reer of Mr. Castner, would transcend the normal prov- 
 ince of this edition, yet it would be culpable negligence 
 were there failure to advent to their more salient de- 
 tails, for he stands out as the “Father of Belt,” the orig- 
 inal discoverer of the great coal fields surrounding our 
 prosperous and busy city. He may be called the foun- 
 der of the city and is prominent in business affairs, 
 takes a keen interest in the welfare of the community 
 and moreover, is one of our most highly esteemed 
 citizens. 
 
 Mr. Castner was born in Washington county, Penn- 
 sylvania, on September 22, 1844. He attended the schools 
 of his native commonwealth when a lad and taught 
 school for a term in his early manhood days. In 1867 
 he took Horace Greeley’s sage advice and came by 
 steamboat down the Ohio river to St. Louis, from there 
 continuing his journey westward up the Missouri river 
 to a point near Fort Benton, stopping off at Cow Island 
 at the mouth of Cow creek, 125 miles east of the old his- 
 toric fort. There he entered upon his first job in the 
 then “wild and woolly” west as freight_ watchman. A 
 few months later he let another have his job while he 
 secured work at “whacking bulls” from Cow Island to 
 Fort Benton. During the years 1868 and 1869, in com- 
 pany with Joe Largent, he located on a squatter s claim 
 near Ulm on the Missouri river, wintering on Sun 
 river. 
 
 After three years of “pioneer” ranching, cutting hay, 
 fighting mosquitoes amid the spice of “frontier life” 
 with buffaloes and with Indians, Mr. Castner sold out 
 to Mr. Largent, who, by the way, has grown to be the 
 land baron of the Ulm country, owning not only the 
 original squatter’s claims but the Ulm estate. Mr. Cast- 
 ner then fitted himself up with mule outfits for freight- 
 ing and which he followed for many years. During 
 1869 a company of “pioneers” of the country visited the 
 great falls on the Missouri river. Mr. Castner said the 
 party then predicted that if they lived out their natural 
 lives, they believed they would see the countr}' settle up 
 some day, and a town near the falls, but some doubteS. 
 The following year, 1870, Mr. Castner started on a 
 touring expedition on horseback to explore the great 
 stretches lying open before him which, as we have said, 
 was inhabited by the wild beasts that roamed over the 
 
 plains and the Indians, whose paradise was the Montana 
 hunting grounds. 
 
 In those days rivers had to be forded or swam across 
 and on that trip this was one of Mr. Castner’s adven- 
 turous experiences just prior to reaching the Belt coun- 
 try, where he discovered coal formations forty-one years 
 ago. In his boyhood days Mr. Castner was raised in 
 the famous Monongahela valley, a great coal region, and 
 this made the discovery comparatively easy when trav- 
 ersing this section of the country so many years ago. 
 
 Seven years thereafter, in 1877, when there was a de- 
 mand for coal in the west, Mr. Castner returned to the 
 Belt country and commenced freighting coal to Fort 
 Benton. His first load was a trial one and after haul- 
 ing it all the way from here to Fort Benton he gave it 
 away to the people of the town to test it and see if it 
 really would burn. He held down his mining claims, 
 plotted a townsite, freighted coal to various markets up 
 to 1894, when in conjunction with Senator T. C. Powers, 
 who also owned a mining claim, sold out his interests 
 to the present A. C. M. Co., then under the management 
 of the late Marcus Daly. 
 
 Since that time great changes and the most marvelous 
 developments have taken place in the mines, town, and 
 in fact the entire country surrounding the town has be- 
 come populated and is a great farming, stock-raising, 
 and even fruit-growing section of Montana. Belt no 
 longer is merely a coal camp. It is the second largest 
 city in Cascade county, and promises with its super- 
 abundance of cheap fuel to attract the manufacturer to 
 the town. Even now it has a chance to excel Great 
 Falls, the county seat, as a city of industries in the not 
 too far distant future. The coal company here gives 
 work to nearly 300 miners and there is a good payroll 
 every month. Besides, there are a half dozen or more 
 coal prospects being opened up and worked to some ex- 
 tent, and when the market justifies a great output will 
 be the order of the day here. 
 
 The main street of the town is Castner street, called 
 after Mr. Castner. He also owns the Castner Hotel, 
 one of the most famous hotels in the state, and operated 
 it for over thirty years. The town of Belt was incor- 
 porated in 1907 and Mr. Castner was unanimously chosen 
 the first mayor, which position he filled with honor for 
 three years. Last, but not least, he is the president of 
 the Belt board of education. “Education” is his hobby. 
 He prides himself in the good schools of the town and 
 let it be said that for educational advantages in public 
 schools, high schools or business college work, no 
 town in the west is superior to Belt. The high school is 
 an accredited institution to the state university and 
 President Dunnaway and the state governor on their 
 recent visit to the town highly complimented the board 
 and the townspeople on the high character of their 
 educational facilities and standing of the school and 
 the most excellent well-trained teachers who have the 
 work of the training of the youth — “Young America” — 
 in hand. When the new high school was completed 
 Mr. Castner donated to the institution his own fine pri- 
 vate library, a rare collection of scientific works, his- 
 tories, letters of men of note, etc., etc. In so short an 
 article as this it is impossible to go into details to tell 
 of the good things Mr. Castner has done for Belt, but 
 suffice it to say that to no one man is due more credit 
 for the making of Belt than Mr. Castner. He is the 
 town’s chief realty operator and is also the official 
 notary public. 
 
 His record for fair dealing has made for him a host 
 of friends and the interests of the investor as well as 
 the seller are safe in his hands. 
 
 We cannot place too much emphasis upon the value 
 of such a man to a growing community. Mr. Castner 
 will enter on his sixty-eighth year on the 22nd day of 
 September. He is hale and hearty and full of mental 
 vigor. He is an enthusiastic Republican and an ardent 
 admirer of “America’s Idol,” Ex-President Theodore 
 
1078 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Roosevelt, whom he visited some time ago in the White 
 House at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Mrs. Castner has a fine stock ranch in the Highwood 
 mountains and is beloved by all who know her. 
 
 Time nor space will permit the elaboration of a 
 biographical sketch in this edition. As we refer to the 
 men of note in our growing city we take pleasure in 
 according Mr. Castner this altogether too brief mention 
 and award him a high place in these columns as we pass 
 in review. Mr. Castner is a member of the lodge of 
 Odd Fellows and takes a great interest in the doings of 
 the order. He is also a director of the North Montana 
 Fair Association and is also a member of the Montana 
 State Pioneers' Society. 
 
 Joseph Stukcieon is without doubt one of the longest 
 established residents of Valier. in which town he was 
 located before it was named or had a building. In fact, 
 he used the townsite for a grazing spot for his cattle 
 at one time, in the earlier days when he confined his 
 interests to the cattle business. With the passing years, 
 however, i\Ir. Sturgeon has added one interest to an- 
 other, until he is now identified with various business 
 industries in this section of the state. He is actively 
 engaged in the mercantile business in Valier and has 
 wide mining interests, as well as being identified with 
 the stock business. Altogether, he is one of the enter- 
 prising and progressive men of the county, and as such 
 is eminently deserving of some mention, even though of 
 necessity it be brief, in the pages of this historical and 
 biographical work. 
 
 Mr. Sturgeon was born in New York state on No- 
 vember i8. 1859, and is the son of Henry E. and Ann 
 (Duffy) Sturgeon, The father was a native of Eng- 
 land who came to America in 1849, settling in Schenec- 
 tady, New York, where he was engaged as a merchant 
 up to the time of his death, which took place there in 
 1870. The wife and mother was born in Dublin, Ire- 
 land, and she came to the United States in 1847. the 
 same year in which her husband emigrated from Eng- 
 land. They were the parents of seven children, all boys, 
 b'ive of them migrated to (Montana and are numbered 
 among the early pioneers of this great state. Joseph and 
 Harry are now deceased. Charles is a resident of Ore- 
 gon ; James is a resident of California; Joseph, subject 
 of this review; Henry was in General Hagden’s survey 
 party that laid out Camp Baker, Fort Sheridan and the 
 National Park. He helped to bury the soldiers after the 
 Custer massacre and was a witness at Washington in 
 the investigation which followed that disastrous battle. 
 John and Joseph were associated in the cattle business 
 in Beaverhead county in the early days, and were among 
 the early settlers of Butte. 
 
 For twenty-five years Mr. Sturgeon was located on 
 Nevada creek, where he was engaged in the stock busi- 
 ness, near Helenville, and to him is given the credit for 
 having carried on the first ranching in Douglas county. 
 From there he removed to Teton county, locating in 
 Dupuyer, where he engaged in mercantile lines, still 
 continuing with the stock business, and despite his many 
 other enterprises, Mr. Sturgeon now carries on his 
 ranching business in Teton county, where he controls 
 more than two thousand acres of ranch lands. His 
 mining properties in Deer Lodge and Granite county 
 require a deal of his attention, and his mercantile in- 
 terests in Valier make heavy draughts upon his time, 
 but he is able to give some consideration to affairs of a 
 civic nature, and is regarded as one of the most public- 
 spirited citizens of the community. He is a Republican, 
 but has no political ambitions. Fraternally, Mr. Stur- 
 geon is a member of the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows of Havre, Montana. His success, which has 
 been of the highest order, has been entirely of his own 
 making, as he came to Montana in 1877 when he was 
 but eighteen years of age. with no resources beyond his 
 native pluck and energy, and he has amply demonstrated 
 
 the winning power of those qualities, when backed by 
 qualities of honesty and integrity. 
 
 On September 28, 1911, Mr. Sturgeon married Miss 
 ionetta Lawrence, the daughter of John Lawrence of 
 Neihart, Cascade county, a pioneer resident of the state. 
 
 James Albert Poore, B. L. D., is assistant attorney 
 general for the state of Montana, and at the same time 
 one of the rising young representatives of the legal 
 piofession in his state. In the few short years that 
 have intervened since he was graduated from the law 
 department of the University of Virginia, he has made 
 rapid strides in material advancement, and his appoint- 
 ment to the important position he has held since May, 
 1910, came as a most speaking testimonial of the intrin- 
 sic worth of the young man in his relation to the pro- 
 fession of which he is a representative. 
 
 Born December 15, 1879, in Boulder, Montana, James 
 Albert Poore is the son of James and Jane Poore, both 
 born in England. The father was born on August 29, 
 1829, of a long line of English ancestors, and he came 
 to America in 1849, reaching Montana for the first 
 time in 1863. Pie followed placer mining in the state 
 for some years, his principal operations being carried 
 on at Virginia City, Last Chance Gulch, Butte, and in 
 the vicinity of Boulder. He then returned to England, 
 where he married, and in 1877 came west to Montana 
 with his bride. He died there on February 14, 1902, 
 at the age of seventy-three years. The mother, Jane 
 Taylor (Baldwin) Poore, was born in England on 
 October 2, 1846, of English ancestry, and she accom- 
 panied her husband to Montana in 1877, after her mar- 
 riage in her native land. She survives her husband and 
 shares the home of her son, James A. Poore, of this 
 review. These parents reared a family of four chil- 
 dren, born in the order in which they are briefly men- 
 tioned below ; Sarah Maude Boyington, the only daugh- 
 ter, is a resident of Los Angeles, California; James 
 Albert, of Butte, Montana; Thomas T., also- of Butte, 
 and Philip George, residing in Helena, Montana. 
 
 James Albert Poore attended the common schools 
 of Boulder, as a boy, later entering the Helena Business 
 College at Helena and still later taking a course in 
 the Butte Business College. In 1898, when he was 
 nineteen years old, he entered the employ of the law 
 firm of Forbis & Mattison, at Butte, in the capacity of 
 law clerk and stenographer, and there he remained 
 until he had accumulated sufficient funds to enable him 
 to take a course in law at the university. In the 
 autumn of 1903, Mr. Poore matriculated in the law 
 department of the University of Virginia and he was 
 graduated from that department with the degree of 
 B. L. in 1905. He returned to Butte and opened an 
 office for the practice of law immediately thereafter, 
 and he still maintains offices in this city, where he 
 has made his home. 
 
 In the fall of 1908, Mr. Poore was nominated by the 
 Republican party, whose adherent he is, as their can- 
 didate for the office of county attorney for Silver Bow 
 county, but he was defeated by the Democratic nominee; 
 a fact readily e.xplained when it is known that the 
 county is a Democratic one by several thousand. In 
 May, 1910, he was appointed assistant attorney gen- 
 eral of Montana, which position he has continued to 
 hold up to the present time, and will go out with the 
 present Republican attorney general on the first Mon- 
 day in January, 1913. It is the intention of Mr. Poore 
 to devote his entire time to his law practice in Butte 
 after the first of the year, where he has an excellent 
 reputation for legal ability, and where he has gained 
 the respect and confidence of all who have come to know 
 him in the years of his residence here. He has always 
 enjoyed an agreeable business practice, and his appoint- 
 ment to the position of assistant attorney general has 
 laid upon him added duties and responsibilities which 
 have made him one of the busiest young men in Butte. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1079 
 
 That he is fast rising in the ranks of the legal profes- 
 sion is conceded by all, and a brilliant future is predicted 
 for him. 
 
 Mr. Poore is a member of the Benevolent and Pro- 
 tective Order of Elks, Silver Bow Lodge No. 240, and 
 also of the Silver Bow Club. He was married on June 
 3, 1911, to Miss Mamie Lingo, the daughter of Archie 
 and Mary Lingo, of Twin Falls, Idaho. 
 
 Harry P. Stanford has come to be the proprietor 
 of one of the leading taxidermy establishments in the 
 state, and is recognized far and wide in Montana for one 
 of the ablest men in his line of business. Mr. Stan- 
 ford was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on October 3, 
 1867, and is the son of James and Catherine (Coggan) 
 Stanford. Both were natives of England. The father 
 came to Canada as a young man, and he died in that 
 country in 1872 when he was sixty-eight years old. He 
 was a well-known leather manufacturer of his com- 
 munity. His wife died in Kalispell, Montana, in 1894, 
 at the age of seventy-four. 
 
 When Harry P. Stanford was ten years of age he 
 came to Montana with his mother, locating first in 
 Fort Benton, in which place he attended school until 
 he was sixteen years old. When at that age he went 
 with I. G. Baker & Company and remained in their 
 employ until he was in his twenty-third year, after 
 which he entered the police service, and served as a 
 policeman in Fort Benton and in Kalispell, in which 
 latter place he was at one time chief of police, being the 
 first man to hold that position in Kalispell. He held 
 that position during the year 1892, and again held the 
 same office in 1897 and 1898. Leaving that office, Mr. 
 Stanford entered the taxidermy business, and estab- 
 lished a shop at 504 West Fifth street, at which place 
 he has been continuously engaged since that time. He 
 conducts a popular establishment, which is well patro- 
 nized by the best trade in the country, and the high class 
 of work he performs is his greatest recommendation 
 to the public. 
 
 Air. Stanford is one of the four children of his par- 
 ents. The others are: James T. of Great Falls; Airs. C. 
 E. Conrad, of Kalispell: and George, of Somers, Alon- 
 tana. 
 
 In 1890 Mr. Stanford was united in marriage with 
 Aliss Anna Hanlon, of Kalispell, Montana. No chil- 
 dren have come to them. 
 
 Mr. Stanford is a Republican in his political allegiance, 
 and is a meiuber of the Kalispell Club, but maintains 
 no other social or fraternal ties. He is one of the well 
 known and successful men of the city, and has a large 
 circle of friends in the state. 
 
 Alfred C. Warner, United States commissioner of 
 Alontana and a resident of Choteau, has had a varied 
 experience in his career both in regard to his locations 
 and to the character of his employment. His first ex- 
 perience in Alontana was from 1877 to 1882, and his 
 residence has been continuous there since 1885. During 
 this long period he has become well and favorably 
 known, especially in Teton county, where the major 
 portion of the intervening years has been spent, and he 
 deserves mention in this history of Montana by reason 
 both of his merit as a citizen and by his long identi- 
 fication as such. 
 
 He is a product of New AMrk, born in the city of 
 Brooklyn on September 8, 1848, and comes directly of 
 English lineage, both of his parents having been na- 
 tives of London. 
 
 Alfred C. Warner attended school at the age of 
 thirteen, all of his education having been acquired in 
 the country schools of Long Island except one winter 
 he spent as a pupil in the Brooklyn public schools. 
 The limited means of his parents necessitated his be- 
 coming a wage earner at an early age. In the sum- 
 mer of 1863, when fourteen years old, he secured his 
 
 first position, that of a general utility boy for the 
 D. Appleton & Company publishing house of New 
 York, and after a time was advanced to a clerkship. 
 He remained with this firm until the spring of 1867 
 and then joined his parents in St. Louis, where he 
 found employment in the Woodward Book Store of 
 that city, which identification was continued until 1871. 
 In that year he returned to New York and took a 
 position with J. B. Ford & Company, the publishers of 
 books and of Henry Ward Beecher's paper, the Chris- 
 tian Union, with which firm he remained five years, 
 being advanced by them to the position of chief clerk. 
 It was in 1877 that he came to Alontana and became 
 clerk of the Blackfoot Indian Agency. After five years 
 spent in that capacity, or in 1882, he returned to St. 
 Louis and resumed connections with the Woodward 
 Book Store, then owned by E. P. Gray, but in 1885 the 
 call of Alontana brought him once more to its soil. For 
 a time thereafter he was bookkeeper for Flamilton & 
 Hazlett, of Choteau, the predecessors of Joseph Hirsh- 
 berg & Company, and while with them he pur- 
 chased a sawmill in the country which he operated for 
 several years before and after severing his connection 
 with the mercantile firm. Returning to Choteau, he 
 has since given his attention to the real estate and 
 abstract business, together with the duties of notary 
 public. 
 
 In 1890 he was appointed a United States commis- 
 sioner of Montana, which office he has filled ever since, 
 and in 1896 he was elected county clerk of Teton 
 county, to which office he was returned for five suc- 
 cessive terms by re-election. All this is indicative of 
 the standing of Mr. Warner among his fellow citizens 
 in Teton county and marks him as one of the worthy 
 men of Alontana. He started in life a poor boy, with 
 neither capital nor influence to assist him, and what 
 he has accomplished represents the strength of his own 
 merit. 
 
 In politics his allegiance is given to the Republican 
 party. His fraternal associations are with the Knights 
 of Pythias, of which order he is a past chancellor com- 
 mander, and with the Benevolent and Protective Order 
 of Elks at Great Falls. Air. Warner is unmarried. 
 
 Frank D. Morse. As sheriff of Granite county, 
 Frank D. Alorse is perhaps one of the best known men 
 in his section of the state. He has been identified 
 with Montana since 1878, and has been connected 
 with various industries in the intervening years, in- 
 cluding mining, ranching and lumbering, as well as 
 operating a general store at Elk Creek for three 
 years. In 1898 he was appointed deputy sheriff, and 
 in the fall of 1910 was elected sheriff of Granite county, 
 the duties of which office he is now discharging. 
 
 Air. Alorse was born at Bradley, Alaine, on No- 
 vember 7, 185". and he lived there until he was 
 about twenty-three y^ears of age. He is the son of 
 John W. and Lucy Ann (Gulwer) Alorse, both na- 
 tives of the state of Maine. The father w^as born in 
 1832. In 1878 he came to Alontana, remaining two 
 years and returning to his home in Alaine. The west, 
 however, had left its mark upon him, and in a few 
 years he again left Alaine and came back to Alontana, 
 where he engaged in the grain business. He died in 
 Philipsburg in 1909. at the age of seventy-eight, and 
 lies buried in the western city. His wife, who died 
 when she was fifty-four years old. is buried in Alaine, 
 where her death occurred. Five children were born 
 to this couple, of which number the son Frank D. w^as 
 the second born. One daughter of the familyy Nellie, 
 married J. W. Rodgers and lives at Helena. Air. 
 Rodgers is assistant state treasurer. 
 
 The education of Air. Alorse was of a limited order, 
 chiefly obtained in the grade schools of the town of 
 Bradley, Alaine. When he was nine vears of age he 
 was employed as a cow herder, for which he received 
 
1080 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 a wage of ten cents per head weekly. The first 
 speculation or investment in which he indulged as a 
 wage earner was when he bought a sheep for $1.25, 
 which he managed to save out of his wages as a 
 cow herder. He took his purchase home, picketed him 
 out and in the night the sheep became tangled in the 
 rope and succeeded in breaking his neck. Thus the 
 young sheep owner found himself beaten in his first 
 investment. Later he was employed in various ca- 
 pacities with the lumbermen on the river, and from his 
 early boyhood was a wage-earner, although the wage 
 was usually a meagre one. He learned a deal about 
 the lumbering business in the years that he was thus 
 employed, and when he came west at the age of twenty- 
 three he settled in Philipsburg and there engaged in 
 the lumber business. After a short time he went on 
 a ranch, remaining there for a year or thereabouts, 
 after which he managed a store at Elk Creek for 
 three years in the interests of the firm of Morse & 
 Brogan. His next business move found him the owner 
 of a ranch, with which he was occupied until 1898. In 
 that year he was appointed deputy-sheriff, and after 
 a service of four years he went back to ranching until 
 1906, when he was again appointed deputy-sheriff. He 
 served his second four years in that capacity and in 
 the fall of 1910, his record as deputy having proved so 
 satisfactory to the public, he was named for the of- 
 fice and elected sheriff of Granite county, an office 
 which he is now filling. 
 
 Mr. Morse is a Republican of strength and he takes 
 an active part in all the political affairs of the county. 
 He is one of the strongest men the party claims in this 
 section and is invaluable to party interests when im- 
 portant issues are at stake, being recognized as one 
 of the greatest fighters for a cause known to the 
 county. He is a member of the Maccabees and is a 
 past commander of that society in Drummond at the 
 present time. He is a member of the Philipsburg Cham- 
 ber of Commerce. 
 
 On May 5, 1883, Mr. Morse was united with Julia 
 Gasper in marriage at New Chicago, Montana. She 
 is a daughter of an old and well-known family in New 
 Chicago, formerly from Maine. Two children have 
 been born to them, Verdine D., who is married and 
 living in Granite county on his father’s ranch, and 
 Frank M., also married and li\ing on his own ranch 
 in Granite county. Both are prosperous and enter- 
 prising young men, destined to make good in the 
 great western state which they have been born and 
 reared in, and are in every way a credit to their par- 
 ents. 
 
 Mr. Morse is not a member of any church, but re- 
 gards them all with a high degree of respect, and is 
 always generous in his support of a worthy cause, 
 whether endorsed by the churches or otherwise. He is 
 a citizen of genuine worth, and his influence in the 
 county has ever been of a beneficial nature, from the 
 viewpoint of his political service, as well as in his 
 private capacity as a citizen and voter. 
 
 Joseph A. Nadeau, president of the Nadeau Invest- 
 ment Company and one of the leading real estate men 
 of Butte, Montana, was born at St. Plyacinthe in the 
 province of Quebec. Canada, on March 17, 1848. and 
 passed his early life in attending good schools in his 
 native province. When he was ready to begin the bat- 
 tle of life for himself he moved to Champlain, New 
 York, and started a retail shoe business, which he con- 
 ducted three years with moderate profits. He then 
 sold this business to go to a more promising field, and 
 removed to Valley Falls, Rhode Island, where he again 
 opened a retail shoe store, which he conducted with 
 success until 1878. In that vear he sold his business 
 in Valley Falls, and brought his family to Butte, which 
 was then but a small mining town, with a pODulation 
 made up of all nationalities and characterized by all 
 
 the roughness but big-hearted generosity of the typical 
 mining camp in all sections of the great west. 
 
 After his arrival in Butte he saw the need of a good 
 eating house for the miners, and started the “French 
 Restaurant.” This at once became popular and profit- 
 able. Mr. Nadeau conducted it five years and made 
 a considerable amount of money in it. He then became 
 proprietor of the Windsoe Hotel, the leading hostelry 
 in the city, and this also proved to be a successful 
 venture for him. He kept the hotel for three years, 
 then sold his interest in it and formed a partnership 
 with his brother, Arthur Nadeau, for dealing in real 
 estate on a large scale, the line of trade in which he is 
 still actively engaged. 
 
 The firm was soon on a high tide of prosperity 
 through its judicious investments and good manage- 
 ment, and at the end of five years Arthur Nadeau re- 
 turned to his native province of Quebec, Canada, and 
 opened a branch office there. The brothers made in- 
 vestments in mining properties as well as in other 
 lines of real estate, and these have made them wealthy. 
 But their general real estate transactions have also 
 been extensively profitable and wide spread. They have 
 not been confined to Butte, Montana, but have ex- 
 tended to California, Kansas. Canada and other local- 
 ities far distant from one another, covering an exten- 
 sive scope of country. 
 
 By 1906 the business had become so large that it was 
 necessary to incorporate it. Under the articles of in- 
 corporation the name was changed to the Nadeau In- 
 vestment Company, and of this Joseph Nadeau was 
 made president. Arthur Nadeau, of Montreal, Ca- 
 nada, vice-president, and Ovila Nadeau, a son of 
 Joseph, secretary and treasurer. The company does 
 now a larger business than ever and is continually ex- 
 tending its operations. 
 
 Joseph Nadeau, the father of Joseph A. and Arthur, 
 was born in Canada, in 1824. He was for some years 
 a successful farmer, then for twenty-four years a 
 traveling representative of a farm implement estab- 
 lishment. At the end of that time he moved to Con- 
 cordia, Kansas, where he passed the remainder of his 
 days in retirement, dying there on October ii, 1904. 
 His wife, whose maiden name was Mary Benjamin, 
 was also born in Canada, and they were married in 
 that country. She died on the same day her husband 
 died, October ii, 1904, at the age of seventy-eight 
 years. 
 
 Joseph A. Nadeau was married on August 20, 1871, 
 at Valley Falls, Rhode Island, to Miss Delia Rosseau. 
 Five children were born of the union, all natives of 
 Valley Falls, Rhode Island, but one, and all living but 
 the first born. He was Adelord Nadeau, whose life 
 began on June 4, 1872, and who was a prominent drug- 
 gist in Los Angeles. California, at the time of his 
 death, which occurred on June 8. 1902. He was mar- 
 ried and left a widow and two children to mourn his 
 early demise and their great bereavement. His chil- 
 dren were Adelord Nadeau. Jr., and Lorraine Na- 
 deau. The second child of Joseph A. Nadeau is Ro- 
 salba, who is the wife of Dr. F. L. St. Jean, a leading 
 physician at Anaconda, Montana. The third child of 
 Joseph A. Nadeau is his son Ovila, who is secretary 
 and treasurer of the Nadeau Investment Company. 
 The fourth child is Phedora. who married Dr. G. E. 
 St. Jean, a lirother of Dr. F. L. St. Jean. Dr. G. E. 
 St. Jean is owner of and conducts the Wallace Hospital, 
 at Wallace. Idaho. The fifth child, Albert Nadeau, was 
 born in Butte, Montana, and is now a lawyer in active 
 practice in that city. He was graduated from the law 
 department of Harvard University in 1911. 
 
 Joseph A. Nadeau is a devout Catholic in his reli- 
 gious faith. In politics he is a member of the Dem- 
 ocratic party, but he takes no active part in party con- 
 tests. Socially he belongs to the Society of St. John 
 the Baptist, and is one of its leading members. He is 
 

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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1081 
 
 practically retired from business, as his son Ovila has 
 taken the greater part of the burden of trade off his 
 shoulders. Mr. and Mrs. Nadeau spend much time 
 in travel and in 1908, accompanied by their son Ovila, 
 they made a trip around the world, being joined in 
 Europe on their homeward journey by the other son, 
 Albert. The home of the family is a beautiful suite 
 of rooms in the Napton block, the most elegant and 
 fashionable apartment house in Butte. The father is 
 one ‘of the most highly esteemed men in Butte. He 
 has been progressive and public-spirited with reference 
 to the progress and improvement of the city and state, 
 and has performed all the duties of citizenship during 
 his long residence in this community with an eye 
 single to the public welfare and the enduring good of 
 the people. 
 
 Walter D. Tipton. Devoting his time and energies 
 to the practice of his profession, Walter D. Tipton, of 
 Helena, is well grounded in the principles of law, and 
 being thorough and methodical in the preparation of his 
 cases, and skilled and judicious in their management, 
 is meeting with unquestioned success as an attorney. 
 A son of John C. Tipton, he was born November 6, 
 1873, at Red Bluff, California, the founder of the branch 
 of the Tipton family from which he is descended, having 
 immigrated from Wales to the United States, becoming 
 an early settler of Kentucky. He comes of patriotic 
 stock, both his paternal and maternal grandfathers hav- 
 ing served in the War of 1812. 
 
 John C. Tipton was born in Kentucky, July 5, 1835, 
 and died at Red Bluff, California, November 4, 1908. 
 Leaving his native state in 1853, he went by way of 
 New York and the Isthmus of Panama to California, 
 where he remained for a quarter of a century, being 
 engaged the greater part of the time in freighting and 
 merchandising. Making an overland journey to Mon- 
 tana in 1878, he first located at Helena, but the follow- 
 ing spring he removed to Meagher county, Montana, 
 which was his home for many years. Through his own 
 efforts he obtained a place of distinction among the 
 leading men of his community. Taking an active part in 
 political affairs, he served as county assessor, county 
 treasurer and county commissioner of Meagher county, 
 in each position performing the duties of his office ably 
 and faithfully. In 1906, having disposed of his interests 
 in Montana, he returned to California, where he spent 
 the remainder of his life. He was a Democrat in 
 politics, and a member of the Christian church. On 
 October 17, 1861, at American Fork, California, he mar- 
 ried Aurelia Himrod Ryan, who was born at Mead- 
 ville, Crawford county, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1837, 
 and died at White Sulphur Springs, Montana, March 
 4, 1903. Her father, Simeon Ryan, was descended 
 from one of the early pioneers of the Keystone state. 
 
 The fourth child in a family consisting of five sons 
 and two daughters, Walter D. Tipton acquired his pre- 
 liminary education in the common and high schools of 
 White Sulphur Springs, later attending the Montana 
 Wesleyan University in Helena. Going then to Ann 
 Arbor, Michigan, he was graduated from the University 
 of Michigan with the class of 1899, receiving the degree 
 of LL. B. Immediately beginning the practice of his 
 profession at Helena, Mr. Tipton has met with well 
 merited success as a general practitioner, now ranking 
 among the capable lawyers of the city. 
 
 He is a member of the Lewis and Clark County Bar 
 Association ; of jhe Montana State Bar Associaiton ; of 
 the Lambs’ Club, of Helena ; and fraternally belongs to 
 the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is an 
 adherent of the Democratic party, but takes no active 
 part in politics. Broad and liberal in his religious 
 views, he is a valued member of the Unitarian church. 
 
 Asbury M. Crawford. When it first became gener- 
 ally known that the soil of Montana could be made 
 
 to produce marketable fruit, and especially apples, 
 many inexperienced agriculturists at once sprang to 
 the conclusion that fortunes were to be easily made in 
 this line, and the success of a few strengthened this 
 belief to such an extent that all over the state farmers 
 began to give over land that for years had yielded 
 them a reasonable margin of profit in the staple prod- 
 ucts to experimenting in apple growing. A few were 
 fortunate in their undertaking, but the vast majority 
 soon discovered that fruit culture, like any other line 
 of endeavor, must be backed by experience and a 
 thorough knowledge of the business in order to suc- 
 ceed. The State Horticultural Society has endeavored 
 to instruct and educate the general public along this 
 line, but it has been left to a few individuals, men 
 who have made a deep and exhaustive study of their 
 subject, to accomplish the most good in this direction, 
 and prominent among these may be mentioned Asbury 
 M. Crawford, of Billings. He is recognized as an 
 horticultural expert, and has identified himself with 
 various enterprises calculated to advance fruit grow- 
 ing in the state, being president of the Basin Reser- 
 voir and Orchard Company. 
 
 Mr. Crawford was born January 17, 1853, in Alle- 
 gany county, Maryland, and is a son of James and 
 Elizabeth (Hinkle) Crawford. Mr. Crawford's father 
 was born in Pennsylvania, in 1823, and as a young man 
 moved to Allegany county, Maryland, where he fol- 
 lowed farming until February, 1^5. In that year he 
 removed to Ottawa, LaSalle county, Illinois, where he 
 followed the trade of wheelwright, but subsequently 
 went to Normal, McLean county, Illinois, where the 
 remainder of his life was spent his death occurring 
 in 1901. He was originally a Whig in his political 
 views, but in 1855 joined the ranks of the Republican 
 part}'. His religious connection was with the Meth- 
 odist Episcopal church. His widow, who lives 'in 
 Buffalo, New York, was born there in 1828, and six of 
 their seven children also survive, Asbury M. being 
 the eldest. 
 
 Educated in the public schools of his native county 
 and in Ottawa, Illinois, Asbury M. Crawford was grad- 
 uated from the Illinois University, at Normal, with 
 the class of 1876. During the next two years he was 
 engaged in teaching school in the Prairie state and in 
 1878 he came to Helena, where he remained until 1882. 
 That year saw his advent in the Yellowstone valley, 
 and he located on eighty acres of land which is located 
 one and one-half miles from the court house, pur- 
 chasing it from the Minnesota and Montana Land and 
 Improvement Company. On this property, which is 
 still owned by Mr. Crawford, and on which his family 
 resides, he planted apple trees, the first to be planted 
 in the Yellowstone valley, and from that time to the 
 present he has made a specialty of fruit culture. Dur- 
 ing these years he has given a great deal of time to 
 the study of law, and in 1904 he was admitted to the 
 bar of the state. In 1909 he went to Carbon county 
 and engaged in building a reservoir near Bridger, 
 and on August 25, 1911, what is known as the Basin 
 Reservoir and Orchard Company was organized and 
 incorporated, Mr. Crawford being the president and 
 principal stockholder. A reservoir is now being built 
 which, when complete, will irrigate some 2,000 acres 
 of land in the Dry Basin. In political matters Mr. 
 Crawford has in the past believed that the Democratic 
 party stood for the principles that would do the greatest 
 good for the greatest number of our citizens, but re- 
 serves the right to vote for the candidate he deems best 
 fitted for the office, irrespective of party ties. In 1890 
 he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah A. Craw- 
 ford and they have three interesting children : Hetty 
 Elizabeth, Herbert M. and Phillip. 
 
 Mr. Crawford's views on fruit culture can probably 
 be best shown by giving a part of the conversation 
 
1082 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 which passed between him and Mr. J. W. Chrismas, 
 local member of the State Horticidtural Board, at the 
 latter’s home near Rockvale, in Carbon county, August 
 10, 1911. Mr. Crawford said in part: “From the gen- 
 eral outlook, it must be said, orcharding in this part of 
 the state had better become a matter of paying heed 
 to certain well known facts. It would seem that every- 
 body has been planting or exploiting because a few 
 have been making a success. In many instances, trees 
 have been planted without regard to fitness of soil or 
 location. A great number of apples and profuse 
 growth of tree as opposed to size and quantity of fruit 
 and hardiness of wood, have, in many instances, been 
 the logical results. The time has passed for making 
 trees pay under such treatment. Besides, trees can- 
 not thus be kept bearing year after year crops of even 
 little unmarketable stuff. It is the number of apples 
 opposed to the amount of fruit grown that exhausts 
 a tree and compels it to take lay-off spells for recupera- 
 tion. Again, we have spells of winter here once in a 
 while that are sure to take rank wood and soft fruit 
 buds and young trees tenderly built. Trees must be 
 planted on well-drained land ; should be of as hardy 
 character as the nurseryman can produce; need to be 
 so cared for as to make hardy, sturdy growth ; need 
 to be properly pruned and at the right time of year ; 
 must be thoroughly guarded against orchard pests 
 and disease ; and fruit must be thinned to the proper 
 amount and at the right time. 
 
 “As to this matter of pests and diseases. Short of 
 drastic enforcement of our horticultural laws, on the 
 part of the state authorities, an orchardist, however 
 careful and intelligent be his work, is constantly liable 
 to an overflow of coddling moth and infection_ of 
 blight from the orchard of a careless or ignorant neigh- 
 bor, — unless he be shut off in a tract of his own, unless 
 he be so located as to be able therein to make the 
 working of our state horticultural laws practically 
 automatic. In a tract thus protected by nature or arti- 
 ficial conditions and such trees as Alexander and 
 Transcendant upon the retired list, this dread scourge 
 of blight need be but little more than added incentive 
 to do the needed work of pruning and irrigating in 
 the right way and at the right time, to do this work 
 just as it should be done were there no such malady, 
 and especially as this, work should be done as a proper 
 safeguard against occasional spells of real winter.” 
 
 A'ccording to Mir. Chrismas : “When your work 
 reaches such a stage that these protective measures 
 you have specified are recognized as inseparably 
 characteristic of your enterprise, other orchard pro- 
 moters will be obliged to follow your example _ or go 
 out of business. Your plan of work meets with my 
 entire and unqualified approval and needs but be sub- 
 mitted to the other members to meet with the same 
 from the entire Board. Your plan is unique and such 
 as to aid us in our work, and we shall be pleased to be 
 of assistance to you in yours.’’ 
 
 The approval of the horticultural board was not 
 necessary to prove to the people of this _ section^ that 
 Mr. Crawford is laboring in behalf of their best inter- 
 ests, but it illustrates the intelligent manner in which 
 he is carrying on his campaign and the cornprehensive 
 knowledge brought to bear in advancing his theories. 
 In this same intelligent, enthusiastic labor that, sin- 
 cerely carried on, has brought about such excellent 
 results in other lines of enterprise, and there can be 
 no doubt but that a man of Mr. Crawford’s ability 
 will bring his work to a successful conclusion. He is 
 known throughout Yellowstone and Carbon counties 
 as a resourceful and practical business man, an expert 
 horticulturist and a public-spirited citizen, and he has 
 numerous friends all over this section of the state. 
 
 Charles F. Sauerbier. An honored citizen and rep- 
 resentative business man of Virginia City, Montana, is 
 
 Charles F. Sauerbier, who is here proprietor of a 
 large and well established blacksmith shop. Diligent 
 and ever alert for his chance of advancement, he has 
 progressed steadily until he is recognized today as one 
 of the foremost men of his home city. Flere he is 
 held in high esteem by his fellow citizens, who honor 
 him for his native ability and for his fair and straight- 
 forward career. 
 
 Charles F. Sauerbier was born in Cook county, 
 Illinois, May 4, 1853, and he is a son of Frederick and 
 Louise (Burghart) Sauerbier, both of whom are now 
 deceased. The father was engaged in farming opera- 
 tions during the greater part of his active career and 
 he and his wife became the parents of eleven children, 
 of whom Charles F. was the fifth in order of birth. 
 To the public schools of his home place Charles F. 
 Sauerbier is indebted for his preliminary educational 
 training, which was supplemented by a thorough course 
 of instruction in German. He earned his first money 
 as a farm hand on his father’s estate in Illinois and 
 when he had reached his twenty-first year he entered 
 upon an apprenticeship to learn the trade of black- 
 smith. In 1878, at the age of twenty-five years, he 
 came to Montana and settled in Glendale, where he 
 resided for a period of two years, during which time 
 he was engaged in blacksmithing. Thence he removed 
 to Adobetown, where he was a resident for two years, 
 and in 1882 he located in Virginia City. Here he 
 opened a blacksmith shop and engaged in business on 
 his own account. His success was assured from the 
 start and he now has the largest and best equipped 
 blacksmith establishment in Madison county. His 
 youngest son, Chauncey, is associated with him in the 
 business. 
 
 In Glendale, Montana, in the year 1879, was cele- 
 brated the marriage of Mr. Sauerbier to Miss Lucy 
 Pyle, who was born and reared in Illinois. Mrs. Sauer- 
 bier was summoned to eternal rest in 1893, and is 
 buried in Virginia City. She was a woman of most 
 pleasing personality and was deeply beloved by all 
 with whom she came in contact. She is survived 
 by six children : Alice remains at home and keeps 
 
 house for her father; Myrtle, who taught school prior 
 to her marriage, is the wife of Glen Conklin, of Madi- 
 son county, Montana ; Mary is a trained nurse and 
 resides in Salt Lake City, Utah ; Ruth lives in Beaver- 
 head county, where she is a popular and successful 
 school teacher; Carl is single and is working in a mer- 
 cantile establishment in Virginia City; and Chauncey 
 is associated with his father in business, as previously 
 noted. 
 
 Mr. Sauerbier is a stanch supporter of the Repub- 
 lican party in his political convictions and while he 
 has never sought the honors or emoluments of public 
 office he has been prevailed upon to serve as a member 
 of the city council. He gives freely of his aid and in- 
 fluence in support of all measures and enterprises pro- 
 jected for the good of the general welfare and in 
 every respect is a loyal and public-spirited citizen. 
 His interest in athletic sports extends to frequent 
 hunting and fishing trips and he is a great baseball 
 fan, his son Chauncey being a member of one of the 
 local nines. The family home is one of extreme attrac- 
 tiveness and is the scene of many joyous social gath- 
 erings. 
 
 Thomas J. Waddell. The present postmaster at 
 Stanford is one of Montana’s honorable pioneers, a 
 man who came into this region of the northwest nearly 
 thirty-five years ago, and through the years of devel- 
 opment and the later era of fulfillment has enjoyed 
 his own share of material prosperity and has likewise 
 been honored in many ways by his community of fel- 
 low citizens. 
 
 Since the age of twenty, Thomas J. Waddell has 
 been in the west and a worker in its varied activities. 
 

 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1083 
 
 He was born in Boone county, Illinois, on the 6th of 
 October, 1855, the sixth in a family of eleven children. 
 His father was Thomas M. Waddell, an Englishman 
 by birth, who was brought to America at the age of 
 four years, and was reared in this country and fol- 
 lowed the trade of mechanic in several states of the 
 Union. During the Civil war he enlisted and served 
 with the One Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois Infan- 
 try. His death occurred in Oregon in 1893 when he 
 was seventy years old. He was married in Illinois 
 to Miss Mary Stickney, who died in 1865 at the age 
 of thirty-eight, and is buried in Illinois. Mr. Waddell 
 has a brother and sister who are residents of Montana 
 — Edward, who is married and lives near Kalispell, 
 and Mrs. Mary J. Barnes, who resides at Jones, near 
 Lewistown. 
 
 Mr. Waddell lived in Illinois until he was eleven 
 years old, at which time the family moved to Kan- 
 sas, where he was reared to manhood, and in that 
 state finishing the schooling which he had begun in 
 his native state. After leaving school he followed 
 farming and cattle raising, but in 1875 occurred his 
 migration into the great states of the Rocky Mountain 
 region. For the first three years he was engaged in 
 blacksmithing in the mines of Utah. He then took 
 the job of trailing a band of sheep belonging to Hunt- 
 ley & Clark into Montana, and arrived in this terri- 
 tory as it was then, on the 19th of November, 1878. 
 Here he found a permanent home, and with the loyal 
 admiration for the Treasure state which is found 
 among so many of its residents he has never regretted 
 his choice among the forty-eight states and territories 
 of the Union. The trade of blacksmithing which was 
 his first occupation in the west has been his vocation 
 through all these years, and he has made it the basis 
 of a substantial business. He is the inventor of the 
 Waddell manure spreader, a machine which is found 
 on many farms of Montana, and the manufacture of 
 which has been a considerable factor in Mr. Waddell’s 
 business. 
 
 As an active citizen of Stanford, a town with which 
 he has been identified for many years, Mr. Waddell 
 has taken a prominent part in its civic affairs. In 
 September, 1909, he was appointed postmaster, and 
 was reappointed with a higher grade in May, 1911. 
 He has also served in the office of justice of the peace 
 and as a member of the school board, and is one of 
 the local leaders in the Republican party. He belongs 
 to the Stanford Commercial Club and is affiliated with 
 the Woodmen of the World. Mr. Waddell is a man of 
 broad interests, takes a keen delight in the diversions 
 and public amusements, and lends his support to all 
 the movements which increase and supply the cultural 
 progress of the community. 
 
 Mr. Waddell was married on November 24, 1887, 
 at the old town of Philbrook, to Miss Emma Mont- 
 gomery, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Montgomery 
 of that place. During the quarter of a century of their 
 happy home life seven children have been born to 
 them, named as follows : Belle, the only daughter, who 
 is the wife of Robert Annan of Stanford ; Thomas 
 H., in the livery business at Stanford ; Edward, de- 
 ceased : F. Guy, who is a student in the local high 
 school; Howard, Roy and Teddy, who are all attend- 
 ing the public schools. Mr. Waddell has taken pains 
 to give his children the best educational and home 
 training, so that as a home maker, a business man and 
 citizen he has performed his duties with credit and 
 honor. 
 
 Andrew Logan of Missoula is one of the most hon- 
 ored pioneers of Montana, having settled in Missoula 
 as long ago as 1878 and lived here ever since. Not 
 only was he one of the first settlers here but one of 
 the most distinguished. He has been twice mayor of 
 Missoula, and has served on the council many times. 
 
 Mr. Logan was born in Troy, New York, March 14, 
 1856, and lived there until he was about twenty-one 
 years of age when he determined to take Horace Gree- 
 ley's famous advice and “Go west, young man !'; He 
 stopped at first at Bismarck, North Dakota, and re- 
 mained there about a year, following various occupa- 
 tions. Then it was that he came and settled in Mis- 
 soula which he liked so well that he decided to spend 
 the rest of his life there. 
 
 He worked in the town for awhile and then went 
 out to the fort where he was post blacksmith for four 
 years. In 1882, he returned to Missoula and started in 
 business for himself. 
 
 He continued this work until 1889, when he sold out 
 to accept the office of justice of the peace to which 
 office he was elected. He held this office until 1897, 
 and then he went back into business again. It is worthy 
 of note to remark that he is the leading man of his 
 line in Missoula. 
 
 Mr. Logan is a strong Republican and takes a lively 
 interest in politics. Among the many offices he has 
 held is that of public administrator which he held from 
 1887 to 1889. When Roosevelt was president, he ap- 
 pointed Mr. Logan a commissioner to classify and 
 appraise the value of the Indian lands on the Flathead 
 reservation. He was appointed postmaster of Missoula 
 January 29, 1912, by President Taft, for a term of four 
 years. 
 
 He was educated in the public schools of Troy, New. 
 York, but he quit school when he was twelve years 
 old and has been hustling for himself ever since, so 
 that he is practically a self-made man. 
 
 As a boy he worked in cotton mills, knitting mills, 
 foundries and other occupations on that order, until 
 he was about seventeen years of age. At that time, he 
 began to learn the blacksmithing business, serving a 
 five years’ apprenticeship, receiving for the first year 
 of his apprenticeship the munificent salary of two and 
 one-half dollars a week. 
 
 He earned his first money as a boy while going to 
 school, by working as a helper in the foundries. He 
 received no regular wages, only an occasional fee of 
 ten or fifteen cents. 
 
 Mr. Logan is a member of many organizations, the 
 Masons, Odd Fellows, the Elks, and the Maccabees. He 
 has filled every office in the state in the Odd Fellows 
 lodge and is now the past grand master. Lie is past 
 exalted ruler of the Elks, and past commander in the 
 Maccabees. He has also held various offices in the 
 Masonic lodge. 
 
 While the Ancient Order of United Workmen was 
 in existence, he was past grand master of Montana. 
 
 Mr. Logan is fond of out door sports like riding and 
 driving and of course, is a great lover of good horses. 
 He is a great baseball fan and rooter. Like most self- 
 made men he is very fond of reading and loves music 
 and the theatre. 
 
 He married in Missoula, Montana, January ii, 1S80, 
 Miss May Ford, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert 
 Ford, formerly of Connecticut. He has four children, 
 two boys and two girls, as follows : William A. Logan, 
 married and resides in Missoula ; Bertha A., married 
 to Mr. J. A. Russell and resides in IMissoula also ; Elva, 
 living at home ; and Claude G. Logan, who is single 
 and resides in Missoula and is associated with his 
 father in business. 
 
 Mr. Logan's father was William A. Logan. He was 
 born in Ireland, and came to this country when he was 
 seventeen years of age. He traveled over a great deal 
 of these United States, but finally settled in New York 
 state. He followed various occupations. At Troy he 
 married Miss Jane A. Furgeson. She died in 1911 at 
 the age of eightv years and he died in 1888 at the age 
 of sixty-five. They' are buried side by side at Troy, 
 New York. 
 
 There were eight children in the elder Logan family. 
 
1084 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 of whom Mr. Logan was the eldest. He has one 
 brother, Mr. William J. Logan, and one sister. Miss 
 Margaret G. Logan living in Missoula. 
 
 Mr. Logan is a great lover of his home state. Of 
 Montana he says: “There is no state in the Union bet- 
 
 ter than Montana for a young man to come and settle. 
 There is a chance here for every man." 
 
 John M. Price. Born in Mendocina county, Cali- 
 fornia, on January 4, i860, Mr. Price has spent his 
 entire life in the west. He is, in fact, a typical west- 
 erner in every respect, including that of being the son 
 of equally typical easteners. His parents were na- 
 tives of Pennsylvania, and his father, Joseph B. Price 
 was a physician, who came to California, with his wife, 
 Martha Arnold Price, shortly after his marriage. Our 
 subject would probably have gone west himself, when 
 he was old enough, if his father had not made this 
 impossible by going to the lands’ end himself, so the 
 boy did the next best thing. He went northwest. He 
 had more than the average fondness for change and 
 excitement, and before he was sixteen, he had gone 
 to school in Montana, in Oregon, and in Seattle. After 
 this he engaged in mining for about two years in 
 different places in Montana. 
 
 In 1878, Mr. Price entered the employ of the Mis- 
 soula Mercantile Company as a clerk in their Stevens- 
 ville branch. He remained here three years, and in 
 that time proved his usefulness to the organization. 
 It was evident that he was at once an excellent man- 
 ager, and that he was specially adapted to the selling 
 end of the business, being a born salesman. From 
 Stevensville, he went to Missoula, still in the employ 
 of the “M. M.” and at various times he was sent 
 out to take charge of various branches which were 
 in need of an efficient head. Among the towns in 
 which he managed the company's business, were Hope, 
 Idaho, Demmersville and Corvallis, Montana, After 
 leaving the last mentioned city, Mr. Price acted as 
 traveling salesman for the company, and for several 
 years was one of their most successful members of the 
 force. Plis personal popularity, and excellent business 
 ability made him one of the best business getters on 
 the road. In 1903, he was put in charge of the com- 
 pany's interests at Victor, in Ravalli county, and under 
 his direction, the store enjoyed a prosperous existence, 
 and its manager was one of the most esteemed and 
 popular citizens of the county. 
 
 It was about this time, that Mr, Price concluded 
 that he would go^ into business for himself, so he left 
 the corporation with which he had worked so long and 
 so successfully, and engaged in the real estate busi- 
 ness. It is in this that he is now occupied, a member 
 of firm of Price & Mathews. This firm is one of the 
 substantial ones of Missoula. Mr. Price is one of the 
 old resident.^ of the state, and he has an excellent record 
 in its commercial enterprise. He has dealt in cattle to 
 a considerable extent, and has also been interested in 
 mining. .Success has crowned the most of his enter- 
 prises, and his good fortune is a matter of good news to 
 a large body of Montanians, in various towns of the 
 state, for Mr. Price has a wide acquaintance in Montana, 
 and to be one of his acquaintances is to wish him well. 
 
 In March, i8go, Mr. Price was married to Josephine, 
 the daughter of Thomas and Sarah Martin of Helena. 
 No children have been born to their union. In matters 
 of national policy, Mr. Price favors the doctrines of 
 the Republican party, but in local affairs, he votes for 
 the man who will make the best officer, irrespective of 
 his politics. For he is, like most Montanians, pri- 
 marily interested in the best measures for the welfare 
 of his state and city. He is one of the pioneers of 
 Montana, and is a member of the Society of Mon- 
 tana Pioneers, 
 
 William John Tiedt was in 1911, among the largest 
 fruit growers of the Bitter Root valley. He shipped 
 the products of his orchards in car load quantities to 
 every part of the known world. His father, Fredrick 
 Tiedt was a German of the socialist or liberal party who 
 came to America during his young manhood. He was 
 a great admirer of Carl Schurz, who was banished 
 from Germany for the part that he took in the 1848 
 movement. Possibly, had it not been for the political 
 agitation which finally resulted in the revolution of 
 ’48 Mr. Tiedt might always have remained in the Father- 
 land. As history shaped itself, however, America was 
 the gainer by one more stalwart German family pos- 
 sessed of the thrift and industry that go to make up a 
 good republic. After reaching the United States, the 
 senior Mr. Tiedt soon found his way to Jackson county, 
 Iowa, where for many years he made his home work- 
 ing upon a farm until he saved enough capital to 
 purchase a mercantile business in the town of Bellevue. 
 Mr. Tiedt married Augusta Rako in Germany before he 
 came to America. She became the mother of his two 
 little sons but passed away while they were still hardly 
 more than infants. The father, later in life moved 
 to Minnesota where he died at the age of sixty-eight. 
 Frederick Tiedt, the oldest of the boys and the one 
 who bears his father’s name, is now a prosperous 
 merchant in Argyle, Minnesota. 
 
 William John Tiedt was born on the 19th day of 
 November, i860, in Jackson county, Iowa. Here, too, 
 he received his early education, later attending school 
 in Bellevue. For a short period, then, he taught in 
 the rural schools of the county and in the village of 
 Springbreak. When only eighteen years of age, in 
 1878, he procured the position of outside manager — 
 known in the Iowa coal fields as “top boss’’ — at the 
 valuable mines of Cable, Montana, one of the richest 
 gold ore producing mines of the world. He remained 
 there for three years and eight months. It was under his 
 management that the huge gold nugget from the mine 
 was displayed at the New Orleans exposition. It was 
 the second nugget in size of those on exibition and was 
 valued at three thousand five hundred dollars. 
 
 During the winter of 1884 and 1885 he attended the 
 W. A. Fadis Commercial College in St. Paul, Minne- 
 sota. In the fall of 1885, he settled on a stock ranch 
 in the Bitter Root valley, Montana. In 1897 he sold 
 the stock farm and moved on the cut-over timber land 
 on the bench, located one and one-half miles east of 
 Lake Como, and three hundred feet above the level 
 of the Bitter Root river bottom. 
 
 In the fall of 1884, Mr. Tiedt severed his connec- 
 tion with the mining company and purchased for him- 
 self a ranch in the Bitter Root valley. This ranch he 
 stocked well with cattle and began setting out a small 
 portion to orchard. The claim is situated one and one 
 half miles east of Lake Como on “bench land’’ or 
 stump land three hundred feet above the river level. 
 Here the first year he planted two thousand young apple 
 trees, the next year growing nursery stock that now 
 numbers one hundred and thirteen thousand trees. In 
 the autumn of 1906 he with two friends sold to a 
 Kansas City firm, an entire train load of apples. So 
 enormous has been the increase of his orchards since 
 that time that in 1911, including one neighbor’s crop, 
 he sold for the company that purchased the orchards, 
 forty-six car loads. Among these, nine '-ars went 
 to Stienhart and Kelly of New York City, one to 
 Havana, Cuba, and two to Hamburg, Germany. His 
 original one hundred and sixty acres of land has now 
 become seventy acres of fruit bearing trees and three 
 hundred and eighty acres already set out to young 
 orchard. There seems to be no limit to the growth of 
 Mr. Tiedt’s business. He is an acknowledged author- 
 ity on orcharding and is at the present time serving 
 his second term as president of the Montana State 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1085 
 
 Board of Horticulture, having been appointed to that 
 position in the beginning by Governor Toole and later 
 reappointed b^^ Governor Norris. 
 
 His political sympathies are with the Socialists whom 
 he believes will gain strength in America as they have 
 done in Germany. He is active in the Masonic lodge, 
 being a fourteenth degree Mason of the Scottish Rite 
 route. 
 
 Mr. Tiedt was married to Miss Elizabeth Wetzsteau. 
 Miss Wetzsteau is of German parentage although she 
 herself was born in Michigan. They are the parents 
 of two attractive children who will have the best of 
 opportunities that travel and education can offer. The 
 daughter. Miss Inez, is slightly the elder. The son, 
 they call Fred for his paternal grandfather and his 
 father’s only brother. 
 
 Robert C. Lowman. Active, enterprising, and pro- 
 gressive, Robert C. Lowman is prominently identified 
 with the mercantile interests of Lewistown. A native 
 of Montana, he was born in Virginia City, November 
 i6, 1878. 
 
 His father, the late Jacob B. Lowman, was born and 
 ■ reared in Ohio. He subsequently spent a number of 
 years in Kansas, from there coming, in 1864, to Alon- 
 tana, and settling in Virginia City, where he followed 
 placer mining, and also did carpenter and contract 
 work, residing there until his death, October 25, 1911. 
 at the venerable age of eighty-two years. He married, in 
 Montana, Anna M. Conwa3^ who still maintains her 
 residence in Virginia City, and to them six children were 
 born, as follows : George E., of Virginia City, is un- 
 married : Thomas J., engaged in ranching near Raders- 
 biirg, Montana, is married ; Henry F. and Edgar T., 
 both single, are residents of Butte ; Robert C., the spe- 
 cial subject of this brief sketch; and Anna M., of Vir- 
 ginia City. 
 
 Robert C. Lowman was educated in the public schools 
 of Virginia City, and since the age of fourteen years 
 has been hustling for himself. When but twelve years 
 old he began riding the range for horses, and after- 
 wards made a business of catching horses for so much 
 a head, accumulating considerable money, and con- 
 tinued thus occupied until eighteen years old, during 
 the time having charge of one of the largest horse 
 ranches in Montana. Returning then to Virginia City. 
 Mr. Lowman was employed on a ranch two years, and 
 in the meantime learned his trade under an experienced 
 meat cutter from Germany. He subsequently followed 
 his trade in northern Montana, and at Great Falls, 
 from the latter city coming to Lewistown in 1905. Here 
 Mr. Lowman worked on a salary until 1909, when, in 
 partnership with Mr. Joseph Dugart. he opened a meat 
 market, and conducted a prosperous business as head 
 of the firm of Lowman & Dugart. He sold his interest 
 in the meat business February 26. 1912, and is now the 
 proprietor with Mr. E. J. Christe, of the Christe 
 restaurant, 317 Main street. He speaks most enthusi- 
 astically of the rapid growth and progress of Montana, 
 and thinks it without doubt one of the best states in ' 
 the Union. 
 
 Politically Mr. Lowman affiliates with the Demo- 
 cratic party, but takes no active part in public affairs, 
 his time being devoted to bis business. He belongs to 
 the Lewistown Commercial Club, and fraternally he is 
 a member of Lewistown Camp No. 108. Woodmen of 
 the World, which he has served as commander. Re- 
 ligiously both he and his wife are members of the 
 Catholic church. 
 
 Mr. Lowman married at Livingston, Montana, Feb- 
 ruar\' 6, 1906, Anita Svoboda, of Saint Paul. Nebraska, 
 and into their pleasant household three children have 
 been born, namely; Franklin, Adolphus, and Jacob 
 Duane. 
 
 William L. Ford. It is speaking with all due con- 
 servatism to say that there is probably in all this county 
 no young man of greater promise than William L. 
 Ford, or one who better exemplifies the highest tra- 
 ditions of the profession to which he is an ornament. 
 He holds the office of county attorney and his thorough 
 theoretical training, vigorous intellect and careful and 
 consistent observation and enforcement of professional 
 ethics have won the recognition and confidence which 
 he enjoys in marked degree. Mr. Ford was born in 
 Diamond City, Montana, May 31, 1878, and has lived 
 in the state all his life, and in White Sulphur Springs 
 for the most of it, his parents having removed here 
 when he was three years of age. He knows the life 
 of the West in its most typical and picturesque phases. 
 As a youth, previous to entering upon his legal prepa- 
 ration, he rode the range in Meagher county and he 
 made his first money when engaged in this occupation, 
 while at the age of nineteen years he had complete 
 charge of the ranch. His early education was secured 
 in the schools of White Sulphur Springs and he 
 subsequently became a student in the Bishop Scott 
 Academy at Portland, Oregon. Following that he 
 matriculated in the LAiversity of iMichigan at Ann 
 Arbor, from which he received the well-earned degree 
 of LL.B. as a member of the class of 18 — . He re- 
 turned to White Sulphur Springs, where he displayed 
 his professional shingle and entered upon the active 
 practice of the law. Unlike the Hon. Peter Stirling of 
 romance, Mr. Ford did not have to stare long at a 
 blank wall before clients wandered into his office, for 
 Fortune soon smiled upon him. In 1906, he was nomi- 
 nated and elected county attorney and is now serving 
 his third term in this important capacity. He is widely 
 recognized as a lawyer of ability and of even brilliant 
 promise. He has held two other public offices, namely, 
 city attorney and city clerk. In his political faith he 
 gives his hand and heart to the men and measures of 
 the “Grand Old Party,” and takes a very active in- 
 terest in political matters in this section. 
 
 Mr. Ford is affiliated with the ancient and august 
 Masonic order, having filled nearly all the chairs and 
 being past master of his lodge. He is inclined toward 
 the Catholic faith, but is not a member of any church, 
 believing that all are working toward the same end 
 and that all are worthy of support. He is an out-of- 
 doors man and is fond, of hunting, fishing and foot- 
 ball and of the last-named he is a player of prowess 
 and renown, having been on Michigan’s famous eleven. 
 He is a fine judge of horses and is much interested in 
 the equine species. He heartily subscribes to the state- 
 ment that “He who loves a book never lacks a friend,’’ 
 and possesses a well-chosen private library. His law 
 library is one of the finest in the state, consisting of 
 over a thousand volumes. Nothing could exceed his 
 loyalty to the state of his birth and no ordinary con- 
 siderations could induce him to part from it. 
 
 Mr. Ford was happily married at White Sulphur 
 Springs on Christmas day, 1908, Margaret Young, 
 daughter of James and Margaret A. Young of Monti- 
 cello, Iowa, becoming his wife. They share their at- 
 tractive household with a small daughter, Helen Mar- 
 garet. Both Mr. and Mrs. Ford are interesting pop- 
 ular members of society and their home is one of the 
 favorite gathering places of both older and younger 
 generations. 
 
 The subject’s father, William T. Ford, was born in 
 Tennessee and came to Montana in the ’60s, being 
 among the early pioneers in Meagher county, where he 
 located. He has encountered good fortunes here and 
 has engaged in stock-raising and ranching throughout 
 the intervening period. He takes an active interest in 
 politics and is one of the most valiant of Republican 
 party leaders. He served at one time as county com- 
 missioner of Meagher county and also as mayor of 
 White Sulphur Springs, and his public services have 
 
1086 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 been such as have redounded to his own credit and 
 the honor and profit of the people. The maiden name 
 of his wife was Helen Foley, to whom he was married 
 at Walla Walla, Washington. The elder Mr. and Mrs. 
 Ford reside upon their ranch in a beautiful and ad- 
 vantageously situated country home. They have five 
 children living, Mr. Ford, immediate subject of this 
 review, being the fourth in order of birth and the 
 eldest son. Ida married William L. Jenkins and re- 
 sides at Billings, Montana; Belle is still a member of 
 the parental household and Arthur is a citizen of White 
 Sulphur Springs. 
 
 William J. Hartwig is the owner and manager of 
 the new Antlers Theatre, one of the finest play houses 
 in the state of Montana. His genial manner and love 
 of “a fair deal” make him popular with the laity as 
 well as with the theatrical profession. He has served 
 the city as alderman and was elected in 1909 to the 
 Seventh legislative assembly of Montana, the Demo- 
 cratic party being then in control of the state. 
 
 Mr. Hartwig was born December 8, 1861, in 
 
 Brugge, Germany, and obtained both his elementary 
 and high school eduaction in the city schools of Omaha, 
 Nebraska. In the spring of 1879 he traveled by boat to 
 Fort Benton, Montana, and thence by stage to Helena. 
 In Helena he pursued his trade for four years, becom- 
 ing about that time interested in the insurance business. 
 FTntil 1905 he was solicitor for the Bankers Life In- 
 surance Company of Des Moines, Iowa. In that year 
 he formed a partnership with a Mr. Menth and estab- 
 lished the grocery firm of Menth & Hartwig. For 
 three years this business prospered, when Mr. Hartwig 
 sold his interest to his partner that he might enter 
 the candy company of Mr. A. Seiler. The firm was 
 later known as the Seiler and Hartwig Candy Company. 
 The ensuing year, however, he resold his share of the 
 firm to Mr. Seiler and purchased the Orpheum Theatre, 
 and is now the owner of the Antlers Theatre. 
 
 Since 1882 Mr. William J. Hartwig has been in busi- 
 ness for himself and every venture has proved suc- 
 cessful. He is a member of the Benevolent and Pro- 
 tective Order of Elks, the Woodmen of the World 
 and the Lambs Club. 
 
 June 6, 1883, he married Miss Isabell Burke, and to 
 them were born seven children, of whom the oldest, 
 William J., Jr., died in early childhood, and those 
 living are Raymond J. : Elizabeth; Wallace B. ; Isabell, 
 who married Heath Sutton, of Seattle, Washington ; 
 Charles H., and Wilbur J. 
 
 H. Sol Hefner. Noteworthy among the able and 
 successful attornevs of Lewis and Clark county is 
 H. Sol Hepner, of Helena, who has a large and con- 
 stantly growing legal practice in that city, his profes- 
 sional knowledge and skill having gained for him the 
 confidence of the people. A native of Russia, he was 
 born, February 25, 1869, at Seiny, where his childhood 
 days were spent. His father, the late Barnett H. Hep- 
 ner, was born, reared and married in Russia, and while 
 there was engaged principallv in railroad contracting. 
 Immigrating to the LTnited States in 1871 he lived a 
 short time in Pennsylvania, thence moving to Colorado. 
 Coming to Montana in 1879, he embarked in mercantile 
 pursuits in Helena, opening a clothing store, which he 
 managed until his death, in 1908. He sent for his fam- 
 ily, who arrived in 1882. His wife, whose maiden name 
 was Bertha Maizel, was born in Russia, and is now liv- 
 ing at Helena. She has three children, one son, H. Sol 
 Hepner, the subject of this brief sketch, and two daugh- 
 ters, as follows. Jennie, wife of Louis Wigel, of 
 Helena, Montana ; and Lula, wife of Sylvain Levy, of 
 New York City. 
 
 As a boy H. Sol Hepner attended the Imperial Pro- 
 gvmnasium at Tzaritzin, Russia, becoming proficient in 
 the elementary branches of learning. After coming to 
 
 tins country, he continued his studies in the public 
 schools, readily acquiring a knowledge of the English 
 language. Completing the full course of study in the 
 grammar school at Helena, he was graduated from its 
 high school with the class of 1885, being one of the first 
 two boys in the city to obtain a high school diploma. 
 The following five years he was employed in the Mon- 
 tana National Bank at Helena. In 1889 Mr. Hepner 
 entered the law department of the University of Michi- 
 gan, at Ann Arbor, and at the end of tv.m years was 
 graduated therefrom. Admitted to the bar in 1892, he 
 began the practice of his chosen profession in Helena, 
 and as a lawyer has gained unmistakable prestige, his 
 clientage being extensive and lucrative. 
 
 In his political affiliations Mr. Hepner is a sound 
 Democrat, and takes an intelligent interest in public 
 matters. From 1897 to 1899 he served as a member of 
 the state legislature, and in 1909 and 1910 was county 
 prosecuting attorney for Lewis and Clark county. He 
 was his party’s nominee for district judge in 1900, but 
 was defeated at the polls. He is now city attorney of 
 Helena. Fraternaly, Mr. Hepner holds high rank in 
 the Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons, hav- 
 ing served as grand master of the Grand Lodge of 
 Masons in Montana in 1903-1904. He is a member and 
 past grand patron of the Grand Chapter, Order of the 
 Eastern Star of Montana; a member of the Indepen- 
 dent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Knights of 
 Pythias; is also past exalted ruler of Helena Lodge, No. 
 193, B. P. O. E. ; and a very prominent member of the 
 Woodmen of the World, being the present head escort 
 of the Head Camp of the Pacific Jurisdiction of that 
 order, the jurisdiction comprising nine western states. 
 Mr. Hepner is a thirty-second degree Mason, and is a 
 member and past potentate of Algeria Temple, Ancient 
 Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. 
 
 On June 6, 1897, Mr. Flepner married Josephine 
 Israel, and they are the parents of two children, namely: 
 Clarie Algeria, born in 1900; and Harold Steffan, born 
 in 1904. 
 
 Frederick W. Kroger, treasurer of Granite county 
 and one of the popular and well-known young men in 
 this section of the state, was born in Philipsburg, 
 Granite county, on February 22, 1879, and has passed 
 his life thus far in this city. He is the son of Charles 
 and Anna (Rusch) Kroger. The father was born in 
 Holstein, Germany, and came to America as a young 
 man. After visiting many states he finally settled in 
 Montana, where he became ’well-to-do and prominent. 
 He was in the mining business for many years and 
 later engaged in brewing. He was a prominent Alason 
 and Odd Fellow and was among the best known men 
 in the county. He died in 1898, at the age of sixty- 
 five. Fie married his wife in Deer Lodge, Montana. 
 She still survives her husband and is living in Philips- 
 burg, where she has passed so many years of her life. 
 She was the second white woman to live in Bear 
 Town. They were the parents of four children, of 
 which number Frederick W. of this review is the 
 youngest born. The other members are as follows : 
 bora married Lawrence Hauck and lives in Philips- 
 burg, where Mr. Hauck is postmaster and publisher of 
 the Philipsburg Mail, as well as president of the First 
 State Bank of Philipsburg. Walter H. is cashier of the 
 First State Bank and lives in his home town. Henry 
 A., who is married, lives in Philipsburg and is a ranger 
 in the United States forestry service. 
 
 Frederick W. Kroger received his education in the 
 grade and high schools of his home town. His first 
 position as a wage earner was in a drug si ore in 
 Philipsburg, where he continued for a few months, 
 leaving the work to take up his high school studies. 
 After his graduation from that school he followed 
 various occupations in and about the town. He ran an 
 engine, drove delivery wagons, worked in the mills 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1087 
 
 and did numerous other things by way of being em- 
 ployed, until in the autumn of 1910 he was named for 
 the office of treasurer for his county. He was elected, 
 and since that time has been engaged in that office. 
 Thus far his services have been all that might be 
 wished for, and he has shown all the earmarks of a 
 valuable official. Mr. Kroger is a Republican and has 
 always , evinced a lively interest in the affairs of the 
 party in the county and district. He has been a city 
 alderman, and previous to his election to the office of 
 county treasurer, he was deputy county treasurer for 
 two years. 
 
 Mr. Kroger is a member of the Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks, the Redmen, the Sons of 
 liermann, the Alumni Society of the Philipsburg high 
 school, and he is a member of a volunteer fire de- 
 partment in Philipsburg. Tie has been through all the 
 chairs in the Alumni and the Order of Redmen, and 
 at present is great sachem of Montana in the latter or- 
 der. He was secretary of the fire department for sev- 
 eral years. 
 
 On August 4, 1910, Mr. Kroger was united in mar- 
 riage with Pearl M. Scott, daughter of John A. and 
 Mary Scott, of Philipsburg. They have two children, 
 Marian E. and Josephine. 
 
 William B. Calhoun, clerk of the court of Granite 
 county, is distinctive!}' a western product. Born in 
 Utah, he has lived in Montana since he was two years 
 old, and has grown up with the great state which 
 has made such rapid strides in progre.ss in the past 
 quarter century. 
 
 Mr. Calhourn was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, cn 
 October ii, 1877, and is the son of James J. and Sarah 
 A. (Powell) Calhoun. The father was liorn in New 
 York state, but the greater part of his life has been 
 spent in the west. He now maintains the family home 
 in Philipsburg, where he has been en.gaged in mining- 
 ventures for a number of years. They were the par- 
 ents of eight children, of which number five are living. 
 Ethel is married to W. J. Boland and lives in Spokane; 
 Violet is the wife of E. B. Scott, and lives at Proctor, 
 Montana; Chester J. is married and lives in Great 
 Falls; Edward J. attends school in Philipsburg. Wil- 
 liam B., who was the third child bor;i to his parents, 
 was as a boy a student in the schools of Kelen.i, Marys- 
 ville and Philipsburg, in which towns he lived is a 
 growing youth. When he was two years old the family 
 removed from Salt Lake City to Montana, first set- 
 tling in Helena, and remaining for about six years. 
 Then they removed to Marysville, where they continued 
 to live for about four years, and in 1889 the family 
 located in Philipsburg. where they have remained since 
 that time. When William B. was a lad of nine years 
 he earned his first money as an errand boy in Marys- 
 \ille. His next position was with a civil engineering 
 crew some years later, and he was engaged thus when 
 the Spanish-American war broke out. He gave up his 
 work promptly and enlisted in the Third United States 
 Volunteer Cavalry, serving through the war in that 
 regiment. After the war he returned to Philipsburg 
 and took employment in the bi-metallic mill, in which 
 he continued for five years. His next position was in 
 a grocery store as a salesman, where he remained for 
 nine years. He left that position to fill that of clerk 
 of the court, to which he was appointed when a vacancy 
 appeared, and he has since that time remained in the 
 position, which he has filled with all efficiency and in 
 a manner most creditable to himself. 
 
 Mr. Calhoun is a Republican, and although he has no 
 political ambitions he is not unduly active in the politics 
 of the county. He was married at Philipsburg on 
 March 20, 1902. to Miss Maggie Hickey, daughter 
 of James and Mary Hicke}', of Philipsburg. in which 
 place Mrs. Calhoun was born. They have two chil- 
 dren, James W, and Dorothy May, both of whom at- 
 
 tend school in Philipsburg. The family are attendants 
 of the jMethodist church, but not members. 
 
 Joseph Whitworth. The career of Joseph Whitworth 
 is a splendid illustration of what independence, self- 
 faith and persistency can accomplish in America. He is 
 a self-made man in the most significant sense of the 
 word, for no one helped him in a financial way and he 
 is self-educated. As a young man he was strong, vigor- 
 ous and self-reliant. He trusted in his own ability and 
 did things single-handed and alone. He stands today 
 as a successful business man and a loyal and public- 
 spirited citizen. He is president of the United States 
 National Bank at Deer Lodge and is half owner of the 
 Bonner Lumber & Implement Company, two of the 
 leading financial concerns in this city. 
 
 At Chesterfield, England, October 7, 1857, occurred 
 the birth of Joseph Whitworth, who was brought by his 
 parents to the United States in 1859, at which time he 
 was an infant of but two years of age. George Whit- 
 worth, father of Joseph, was born in England m 1821, 
 and since 1857 he has been a resident of Utah, where 
 he is engaged in farming and the growing of fruits and 
 beets. He married Mary Wheatley in England, and they 
 became the parents of eight children, seven of whom 
 are now living, namely: Joseph, the immediate sub- 
 ject of this review; Florence, who is the wife of Elmer 
 Loveland, of Collingston, Utah; George W., a farmer 
 in the vicinity of Bancoft’, Idaho; Herbert, engaged in 
 the hotel business at Drummond, Montana; Michael, a 
 farmer and stock-raiser near Chesterfield, Idaho; John, 
 a rancher in the vicinity of Chesterfield, where Frank is 
 hkewise located. The mother was called from this life 
 in 1881 and is buried at Brigham, Utah. 
 
 Joseph Whitworth was educated in the public schools 
 of Boxalder count}-, Utah. At the age of thirteen years 
 he began to help his father in the work and manage- 
 ment of the home farm and when he had reached his 
 legal majority he entered the employ of Pratt & Com- 
 pany, cattle dealers, working for that concern in Wyo- 
 ming for one year. At the expiration of that time he 
 came to Montana, settling at Dillon, where he secured 
 work as salesman for the John W. Lowell Company. 
 He went to Silver Bow, Montana, for the Lowell Com- 
 pany and continued to work for them until 1884, when 
 it failed in business. Mr. Whitworth then came to Deer 
 Lodge and for the next three years was in the employ 
 of the Bennett Brothers Implement Company. 
 
 About 1886 Mr. Whitworth became connected with 
 the jMontana Improvement Company of Deer Lodge, as 
 manager. This concern was later succeeded by the E. 
 L. Bonner Company, of which JMr. Whitworth became 
 a member. At the time of the death of Mr. E. L. Bon- 
 ner in 1902 jMr. Whitworth assumed charge of the lum- 
 ber yards of the Bonner Company, which was separated 
 from the parent company and became the Bonner Lum- 
 ber Company, and as such it has since been conducted. 
 1 his company handles not only all kinds of lumber, but 
 one of the largest lines of agricultural implements, ranch 
 tools, vehicles and farm equipment in the state. Mr. 
 Whitworth became vice president, treasurer and gen- 
 eral manager of the Bonner Lumber Company when it 
 was reorganized, a relation that he has since main- 
 tained, and he has been the main factor in its success. 
 
 Mr. W'hitworth was one of the organizers of the 
 United States National Bank at Deer Lodge, the first 
 and only national bank in Powell county. This bank 
 was organized in November, 1910, and iMr. Whitworth 
 became its first president, a position which he yet re- 
 tains. The bank has enjoyed a rapid and substantial 
 growth, and is regarded as one of the well-managed 
 and conservative banks in this section of the state. He 
 is recognized as one of the leading business men and 
 citizens of the state of Montana and inasmuch as he 
 owes his rise in business circles entirely to his own 
 well directed endeavors, his success is the more gratify- 
 
1088 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ing to contemplate. During the past twenty-hye years 
 Air Whitworth has had but one vacation and that con- 
 sisted of a month’s tour of the northwest through Wash- 
 ington and Orgeon. In politics he is a stalwart Re- 
 publican and has served that party as chairman of the 
 state central committee. For the past twelve years he 
 has been a member of the Deer Lodge school board and 
 for two years was a member of the city council, hra- 
 ternally he is a member of the Woodmen of the World, 
 and he has been banker of that organization since 190b. 
 
 In 1888 Mr. Whitworth was united in marriage to 
 Aliss Katherine Auschman, a native of New York. Mrs. 
 Whitworth completed her educational training with a 
 course of study in Germany. Six children have been 
 born to them, as follows; Elmer George, who attended 
 school at Deer Lodge until his gTaduation Rom the 
 hiMi school and then entered the University of Mich- 
 igan where he attended for a year, and he is now_ con- 
 nected with the Bonner Lumber Company as assistant 
 manager; William Joseph is a student m the Montana 
 Agricultural College at Bozeman, vyhere he is specializ- 
 ing in electrical engineering; Katherine a student in 
 the Deer Lodge high school; Nita and Mane, both 
 .attending the public schools, as is also Edward Bon- 
 ner, the youngest of the family. , 
 
 Mr Whitworth’s residence in Deer Lodge was ttie 
 fir'st one built by Mr. E. L Bonner jn that c>ty, and is 
 one of the most substantial houses m that city of hue 
 homes. 
 
 Fr.xnk Sanderson. The state of Illinois has done 
 much for the upbuilding and settling of her sister state, 
 Montana, in that she has contributed some of her stur- 
 diest stock and her best citizenship to that end. Fronv 
 inent among the goodly number of 
 migrated to Montana, drawn by the lure of the west, 
 is Frank Sanderson, born in Pike county, that state, 
 on his father’s farm, February 22, i860, and there 
 reared until the years of his young manhood 
 
 Frank Sanderson is the son of Robert B. and Amenda 
 (Shaw) Sanderson, the former of wlmrn was born in 
 New York state in 1826, and the latter in Massachusetts 
 Robert B. Sanderson passed away in the year 1871 at 
 the a-e of forty-five years, but Mrs. Sanderson still lives 
 in Summer Hill, Pike county, Illinois Six children were 
 born to Mr. and Airs. Sanderson, all of whom are liv- 
 ino- with the single exception of one. They are named 
 beTow in the order of their birth; H. B.. now living m 
 Yellowstone county, Montana; Fr^erick, deceased, 
 Frank, our subject; Clara, wife of Fred Shaw, living 
 in Summer Hill, Pike county, Illinois; Mattie, the 
 wife of C O Marsh, resident of Louisiana, Pike county, 
 Alissouri.'and C. C., who like his two living brothers, is 
 a resident of Yellowstone county, Montana. 
 
 Robert B. Sanderson came to Pike county with his 
 parents while he was yet a young boy. His father was 
 John R. Sanderson, a pioneer of Pike county, coming 
 there from New York state and was a millwright, be- 
 coming active in farming and stock raising ventures. 
 At that time the county seat of Pike county was situated 
 at the little village of Atlas, long since deserted. Jerry 
 Adams, an uncle of Frank Sanderson of whom we write, 
 owned the land on which the village of Atlas stood. 
 The court house and jail, rudely constructed of hewn 
 lo°-s were of necessity abandoned when the county seat 
 was’ wrested away from Atlas, and Mr. T'Mams later 
 made use of the buildings for a corn crib. Frank San- 
 derson, then a mere youth, recalls the time when he 
 helped his uncle crib corn in the one-time court house 
 
 and jail. . , r i. r 
 
 Robert B. Sanderson followed in the footsteps ot 
 his father and continued the work of farming and stock 
 raising on the old home place. There he spent his life 
 and there he died in 1871. 
 
 Frank Sanderson spent his early years at home on 
 the farm, attending the country school in the winter 
 
 and assisting with the farm work in the summer, as s 
 country boys have done from time immemorial. When 
 he reached the age of nineteen years, he was anxious 
 to get away from home and see some of the world and 
 it was at Reno, Nevada, where he first located, that he 
 got his first breath of life in that western land, where 
 he was destined to eventually make his home. In Reno 
 he secured employment at sheep herding, and in 1879, ' 
 
 he came overland with a flock of sheep to Helena, 
 Montana. The firm who employed him sold the sheep j 
 in Helena and he passed on to White Sulphur Springs, f 
 In the winter of 1877 he again herded sheep, but the ^ 
 following winter he was engaged in driving the stage i 
 between White Sulphur Springs and Fort Custer. In 
 the spring of 1879, he entered the employ of Westbrook | 
 and McAdow on their farm near the present site of 
 Billings. It is interesting, as a side light on western 
 growth and progressiveness, to note that what is now 
 the prosperous and growing city of Billings was then : 
 a veritable wilderness; a hunting ground for big game; 
 and on the spot where the Congregational church of 
 Billings now stands his brother H. B. Sanderson once 
 shot an antelope. 
 
 In 1880, Mr. Sanderson and his brother, H. B., opened 
 a blacksmith shop in Old Coulson, now a deserted vil- 
 lage near Billings. They conducted the ishop for 
 perhaps a year and a half, and then returned to Pike 
 county, where our subject engaged in farming and 
 stock raising, a business in which he was in every way 
 qualified to make good, in view of his early training and 
 his valuable western experience. He continued thus 
 until the year 1899, when his old longing for the west 
 proved too strong for him and he returned to Yellow- 
 stone county, Alontana, where he had spent many busy 
 years, and occupied himself in farming and sheep rais- 
 ing, in which occupation he is still active and enjoying 
 a very considerable measure of success. ij 
 
 During his residence in Pike county, Mr. Sanderson I 
 served his township capably for two years as a member ! 
 of the school board, and also for three years as highway 
 commissioner. He is a member of Ashlar Lodge No. 1 
 29 A. F. & A. M., and of the Modern Woodmen of 1 
 America. He is an adherent to the Republican princi- 1 
 pies, true to the precept and example of his father. j| 
 
 November 23, 1881, Mr. Sanderson was united in I 
 matrimony to Carrie E. Miller, like himself, a native ■ 
 of Pike county. She is a daughter of S. G. and Asenath 
 (Bemis) Miller, the former being a native of Ohio j , 
 and the latter of Massachusetts. Both are now deceased. . 1 
 They were the parents of two children, Carrie Sander- ^ 
 son being their second child. Mr. Miller was well and ; 
 favorably known in his section of Illinois, being a pio- 
 neer of Pike county. He was a tailor by trade, but early 
 in life turned his atention to stock breeding and general 
 farming, being especially awake to the splendid possi- 
 bilities of such an enterprise afforded by the exceptional 
 facilities of that section. In his efforts in that direction 
 he has been particularly successful. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Sanderson are the parents of five chil- . 
 dren, here named in the respective order of their birth : !] 
 
 Robert B., married to Nellie Brodrick; Carl M., to 
 Nellie Master; Richard H. ; Neal D; and Frederick M. ; 
 
 Charles Edward Dalton has been a resident of ! 
 Alontana since he was twenty-one years of age, which 
 came to pass in the year 1879. Previous to that time 
 he resided in Bloomington, Illinois, where his father ' 
 C. E. Dalton, conducted a book and stationery store. 
 The elder Dalton was a native of New Hampshire, - 
 who immigrated to Illinois before the Civil war and was | 
 for forty years a merchant in Bloomington. His wife | 
 was Maria Prestwick, a lady of English birth, but a | 
 resident of America since her childhood. Her family | 
 lived in Providence, Rhode Island, and it was in that J 
 city that she was married to Charles Dalton. There 
 were nine children born of her union with him, Charles, 
 

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 V. . ■ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1089 
 
 Junior, being the third oldest. She and her husband 
 left Bloomington after four decades of active life m 
 that place and made their home in Chicago. Here 
 Mr. Dalton passed away in 1908, at the age of seventy- 
 nine. Two years afterward in the month of May, 
 Mrs. Dalton died, in the same city. Both were mem- 
 bers of the Baptist church. 
 
 Charles Edward, of this sketch, graduated from the 
 high school in Bloomington at the age^ of eighteen, 
 and at once went to work in his father s store, in a 
 clerical capacity. He was associated with his father 
 for the next three years, and when he left home m 
 search of wider opportunities he came directly to 
 Meagher county, Montana. For the first year of his 
 stay he was employed on the ranch of David Hoover, 
 but in 1880 he secured land of his own and began 
 operations as an independent stock raiser. For the 
 following six years he followed ranching, specializing 
 in the raising of horses. His place was located near 
 Townsend When he disposed of his ranch Mr. Dalton 
 moved to Helena and for four years his business was 
 that of importing blooded stock from Illinois. This 
 was the second enterprise of the kind to be instituted 
 in the state, and as it offered a fine field the venture was 
 highly satisfactory from a financial point of view. 
 
 It was during this time that Mr. Dalton located the 
 mining properties which he spent the subsequent ten 
 vears in developing and operating. They were situated 
 m the Blackfoot district and in Powell county, and 
 they proved to be claims which paid richly. _His experi- 
 ence in the mines was all that could be desired, and he 
 realized a handsome sum from his investments in this 
 industry. His next venture was in the retail furniture 
 trade in Helena, to which he devoted himself until 1906, 
 when he again took up mining. He continued to work 
 in the ground until February, 1911, when he became 
 associated with John A. Simon, in company \vith whom 
 he purcnased the long established business of Babcock & 
 Company, which has been for a considerable permd one 
 of the substantial and prosperous concerns of Helena. 
 The store is located at 56 North Main street, and is 
 one of the high class mercantile establishments of the 
 city Mr. Dalton still retains his mining interests, al- 
 though he has delegated their management to others. 
 There are few men in this part of the state who have 
 done more to promote mining projects, and he has 
 been instrumental in bringing about many large invest- 
 ments for the development of mining properties and has 
 thus been an important factor in the history of this 
 industry in Montana. As he has been not only a pro- 
 moter but also an operator, he has shared m the nsks 
 and reaped the rewards of this uncertain and fascinat- 
 ing occupation. . , 
 
 Mr Dalton’s business has not permitted him to be 
 an office holder, nor even to play the game of politics 
 for the pleasure of organization. He is, however, a 
 progressive Republican, and a man wbo takes a keen 
 interest in civic and national questions. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Retail Merchants’ Association, as well as of 
 the Commercial Club. In the secret orders he belongs 
 to the Odd Fellows, and is also one of the company 
 who make up the Lambs’ Club. th- ■ 1 
 
 On May 2, 1893, at Bloomington, Illinois, was cele- 
 brated the marriage of Charles Dalton and Flora, 
 daughter of Charles Kadel, of that city. A son, C. 
 Kadel Dalton, was born to the couple on August 21, 
 igo2. The Daltons are Protestants, as were their an- 
 cestors, who were of English stock. Mr. Dalton is 
 another of that large class of ambitious boys who have 
 made good by doing good work in a good held. 
 
 David D. Walker. The late David Davis Walker, a 
 prominent citizen of Deer Lodge county, and one of the 
 best known stock-men in Montana, was prornmently 
 identified with the interests of Anaconda during the 
 whole period of its existence and was numbered among 
 its leading and most highly esteemed citizens. 
 
 Mr. Walker was of Scotch-Irish extraction, his grand- 
 father having been a native of Scotland and his grand- 
 mother of Ireland. Their respective families settled in 
 Virginia during colonial times and when Kentucky was 
 opened by Daniel Boone, the grandfather, with his 
 family, moved to that frontier. There David Walker 
 (who lived to become the father of David D. Walker) 
 was reared and there he married. At about the time . 
 of his marriage, Illinois was being opened up and set- 
 tled, and, true to the pioneer instincts of his race, he 
 moved westward and settled in Sangamon county of the 
 latter state. From 1827, the year of his Illinois migra- 
 tion, until 1836, he engaged in agricultural pursuits on 
 the soil of his chosen locality. Again seized with the 
 spirit of migration, he packed his effects and removed 
 with his family to a place near West Point, in Lee 
 county, Iowa. From that time, years before there was 
 any sign of a town in that region, David Walker lived 
 until his death at the age of seventy-four, many years 
 after the passing of his wife, Nancy Davis Walker. Of 
 the twelve children — seven sons and five daughters — 
 who had been born to them, eight had lived to reach 
 maturity. Of these David D. Walker was the youngest, 
 and was but eighteen months old when his mother died. 
 Lee county, Iowa, was the place of his nativity and De- 
 cember 1.5, 1843, the date of his birth. 
 
 Amid pioneer scenes David D. Walker grew to man- 
 hood. Scarcely had he reached the age of responsible 
 maturity when the prevailing characteristic of his fam- 
 ily — that so conspicuously demonstrated in the move- 
 ments of his ancestors — caused him to seek a home and 
 field of endeavor in the new west. He accordingly 
 arranged for a journey to the mining regions of Mon- 
 tana. As at that time (1865) there were no railroads 
 west of Des Moines, an overland trip on the proposed 
 route meant something very different from what it does 
 at the present day. 
 
 After five months spent by David D. Walker, with 
 his party of friends, in crossing the plains with teams 
 from Iowa into Montana, he first located on Cotton- 
 wood creek, near Dear Lodge, where he success- 
 fully engaged in farming and stock-raising. This work 
 he interrupted after a time in order to return to Iowa 
 and to remain with his father during his last illness. 
 
 Mr. Walker returned to Montana after his parent’s 
 death. On this journey he was accompanied by his 
 wife, whom he had married at West Point, Iowa, No- 
 vember 14, 1867. Mr. Walker remained in Iowa until 
 spring of 1870, when he and his wife started for Mon- 
 tana, going by rail to Corinne, Utah, then the end of 
 railroad traffic, and the railroad freight for Montana 
 all came there. Mr. Walker remained at Corinne, in 
 the livery business, about two years, when his father’s 
 physical condition caused him to return to Iowa, where 
 he remained until his father’s death, and in 1879 he re- 
 turned to Montana, where his home was made there- 
 after. He resumed his activities in stock-raising 
 with continued success and with a keen interest 
 in the development of new opportunities in his environ- 
 ment. In June, 1883, Anaconda was laid out and busi- 
 ness was begun in tents. Mr. Walker was one of the 
 first to purchase a town lot and in the fall of that 
 year, associated with two other citizens of the new 
 municipality, he opened a place of business. His asso- 
 ciates were N. J. Bielenburg and J. K. Mallory, and 
 their enterprise was a butcher shop and meat market 
 at 19 Main street. The firm did a thriving business 
 from the start and its patronage and profits increased 
 at a gratifying rate. Mr. Mallory presently withdrew 
 from the partnership and the firm became known as 
 Bielenburg & Walker. This firm, whose stock was at 
 Big Hole ranch, was the first to begin the practice of 
 feeding in the winter the beef intended for the spring 
 market. This plan has since proved popular and ex- 
 ceedingly profitable among the stock raisers of the 
 Big Hole valley. 
 
lOSK) 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 In the meantime IMr. Walker had in other than com- 
 mercial lines become one ot Anaconda’s most important 
 residents. He was inconspicuously interested in poli- 
 tics, being a member of the Democratic party, and 
 while he never sought office, office sought and found 
 him. He was a member of the board of county com- 
 missioners of Deer Lodge county, having been elected 
 in 1886, and was made chairman of the board. His 
 executive ability brought him to the front and in 1890 
 he was elected mayor of Anaconda. He served one 
 term with credit to himself and to the entire satisfac- 
 tion of his fellow-citizens. He was actively concerned 
 in the moral welfare of the community, and in his 
 Presbyterian church affiliation his sincerity and earnest- 
 ness in matters of the highest good were made unas- 
 sumingly manifest. That religious organization is also 
 the church home of Mrs. Walker, who survives her 
 husband. 
 
 Mrs. Walker was formerly Miss Mary E. Hall, a de- 
 scendant of early New England colonists and a daugh- 
 ter of Ira B. and Mary E. (Thurston) Hall, of Taze- 
 well county, Illinois. That locality was the birthplace 
 of Mary Hall, who became the wife of David D. 
 Walker. Their son, Ira B. Walker, married Miss Hattie 
 B. lUay in i8g8; she is a native of Kentucky, and by 
 her marriage has become the mother of Richard D. 
 Walker, born November 6, 1899. The ranching and 
 stock-raising which his father found so interesting and 
 so profitable now comprises the vocational activities of 
 Mr. Ira Walker, whose location is the Big Hole Valley. 
 
 When David D. Walker's busy and well-spent life 
 was so suddenly cut short on June 16, 1906, the general 
 and deep appreciation of the community for his char- 
 acter found full voice in many ways and in many quar- 
 ters. An editorial published at this time in the Ana- 
 conda Standard, may be fittingly quoted in closing this 
 brief biographical record: “Back in 1883, David D. 
 
 Walker came to the little collection of tents which was 
 then all there was of the city and cast his fortunes with 
 Anaconda. He was then just forty years old, in the very 
 prime of manhood, always vigorous, wholesome, sane 
 and honest. Anaconda has been his home ever since ; 
 and to his sturdy personality, his clear head, his wise 
 counsels, his model citizenship, the city owes much. 
 Mr. Walker was indeed a type of the good citizen. He 
 took an interest in public affairs. He was familiar with 
 the machinery of government. He knew every part of 
 the country for miles round about, and by all he was 
 esteemed, honored and beloved. 
 
 "A Democrat in politics, he could submerge his parti- 
 sanship when the public good seemed to require. There 
 was nothing bigoted about D. D. Walker ; breadth of 
 view, tolerance of other men’s opinions, even when they 
 clashed with his own, a quiet and lovable patience' — 
 these were among his most notable and splendid char- 
 acteristics. With malice toward none, with charity for 
 all, with firmness in the right, as God gave him to see 
 the right, Mr. Walker lived a life full of dignity, recti- 
 tude, usefulness and noble influence.” He was buried 
 in the Protestant cemetery at Anaconda. In 1883 he 
 built his home at what is 305 East Third street. Ana- 
 conda, where he lived thereafter, and where his widow 
 still resides. 
 
 Eked H. Foster was born in Minnesota, February 2. 
 1856, and is a son of Robert and Lucinda (McMillan) 
 Foster, natives of Ohio. On the paternal side his 
 grandfather was Alexander Foster, a native of Ire- 
 land, while Reuben McMillan, his maternal grand- 
 father, was born in New York state. The latter was 
 a son of James McMillan, who belonged to an old 
 Highland Scotch family, members of which came to 
 the United States prior to the Revolutionary war, in 
 which struggle they participated. Robert Foster was 
 for many years engaged in mercantile pursuits, but re- 
 tired therefrom in 1890, and from that time on made 
 
 his home with jiis children, his death occurrino- at the 
 residence of Fred H. Foster in 1909, when °he was 
 eighty-six years of age. His wife passed away in 
 Minneapolis, Minnesota, at the age of fifty-six years, 
 having been the mother of four children. One of 
 these is Henry W. Foster, M. D., of Bozeman, Mon- 
 tana ; another is a retired lieutenant of the United 
 States Navy and resides in New Orleans, while the 
 only daughter, Mrs. Clara L. King, lives at Van- 
 couver, British Columbia. 
 
 In the excellent public schools of his native state 
 Fred FI. Foster secured his educational training, which 
 was subsequently supplemental by a partial course of 
 the State University. He first came to Montana with 
 the engineering corps of the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 road, then operating in the Yellowstone valley, Au- 
 gust 8, 1879, but in December, 1881, gave up this work 
 to form a partnership with P. W. McAdow in the 
 general marchandise business at Coulson. This as- 
 sociation continued until 1883, in April of which year 
 he platted a quarter-section of land, now a part of 
 the city of Billings, and known as Foster’s Addition, 
 and engaged in the real estate business, which soon 
 grew to such proportions that it demanded his entire 
 attention. Fle became a member of the first board 
 of commissioners of Yellowstone county and was a 
 member of the school board, and in 1889 was elected 
 to the office of mayor. He was subsequently re-elected 
 in 1893, 1903, 1905 and 1907, and during his five terms 
 gave the city a business administration that will serve 
 as an example to those who fill the chief executive’s 
 chair in years to come. From 1889 until 1893 he acted 
 in the capacity of county clerk, and in 1904 was elected 
 clerk of the district court. In 1895 he was secretary 
 of the state senate, the fourth legislative assembly. In 
 1892 Mr. Foster went to 'Washington, D. C., where he 
 was instrumental in securing the passage of a bill au- 
 thorizing the appointment of a commission to treat 
 with the Crow Indians for the opening of the western 
 portion of the Crow Indian Reservation, and subse- 
 quently served efficiently as a member of that body. 
 Since the expiration of his last term as mayor of Bil- 
 lings he has given his whole attention to the insur- 
 ance business. He has been prominent in fraternal 
 bodies for a number of years, and at present is a 
 member of Billings Lodge, No. 394, B. P. O. E., past 
 exalted ruler of his lodge and steward of the Elks 
 Hall, one of the finest buildings of its kind in the 
 United States. He is also connected with Billings 
 Aerie, F. O. E. ; past council commander of the W. 
 
 0. \V. ; and a memljer of the Degree of Honor and 
 
 1. O. R. M. since 1896. Flis stanch support has been 
 given to the Democratic party, its principles and its 
 candidates, and he has been recognized as a man 
 whose influence in the ranks of the organization is 
 to be reckoned with. 
 
 On April 19, 1882, Mr. Foster was married to Miss 
 Georgia McLaughlin, a native of Minnesota and 
 daughter of Horace and Margaret McLaughlin, both 
 of whom came from the state of Massachusetts. Hor- 
 ace McLaughlin was descended from an old Flighland 
 Scotch family which made its advent in the United 
 States about 1650, while his wife’s ancestors were na- 
 tives of England. Mr. and Mrs. Foster are the par- 
 ents of five living children, namely; Herbert H., Clara, 
 Robert. .Annabel and Henr3^ W. 
 
 Mr. Foster’s career has been a busv and a useful 
 one, but he has never been so occupied with his pri- 
 vate interests that he has neglected to discharge the 
 duties of citizenship, and he has not only assisted 
 in developing the resources of his community in con- 
 nection with his business, but in his various official 
 capacities has plainly demonstrated that he has had 
 the welfare of his adopted city -at heart. No man 
 stands higher in public esteem, nor has any citizen been 
 more successful in making and retaining friends. 
 

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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1091 
 
 William Lee Mains. The city of Billings is in- 
 debted for its present prosperity and commercial ac- 
 tivity to many men whose capital and intellect have 
 been instrumental in promoting its growth, and among 
 these one who has attained a place of prominence in 
 the financial world is William Lee Mains, president of 
 the Farmers and Traders State Bank. Like many 
 others of Alontana’s most successful men, Mr. Mains 
 has been the architect of his fortunes, for he started 
 his career at the bottom rung of the ladder of finance, 
 and nas achieved his present standing only through 
 persistent effort and the exercise of unusual business 
 ability. He is a native of Louisville, Kentucky, and 
 was born September 20, 1873, a son of Maxwell G. 
 and Kate E. (Lee) Mains. 
 
 Maxwell G. Mains wms born at Greenfield. Ohio._ in 
 1844. and received his primary educational training 
 in the public schools of that place. Subsequently he 
 attended Cincinnati College, and after leaving the in- 
 stitution he enlisted in the Eleventh Indiana Volun- 
 teers, under Colonel Lew Wallace, in Sheridan s 
 Brigade, and served four years as chief musician, par- 
 ticipating in all the activities of his regiment and ac- 
 companying General Sherman on his famous march 
 to the sea. On completing his service he located in 
 Flora, Illinois, where he engaged in the jew^elry busi- 
 ness for some years, and then w’ent to Louisville, Ken- 
 tucky, where he continued to follow the same line of 
 business. Subsequently he removed to Jefferson 
 county, Indiana, and in 1879 came to IMiles City, Mon- 
 tana, w'here he remained until 1882. In that year Mr. 
 Mains located in Billings, where he became the pioneer 
 jeweler of the city and continued in business here until 
 1891, then going to Spokane, Washington. At the 
 present time he is engaged in business at North 
 Yakima, Washington. He is a member of McKinley 
 Post, Grand Army of the Republic, and is a stanch 
 supporter of the principles of the Republican party. In 
 1872 Mr. Mains w^as married at Louisville, Kentucky, 
 to Miss Kate E. Lee, who was born in that city in 
 1852, and she died in 1904, having been the mother of 
 six children, of w'honi four survive : William Lee, 
 
 Ida L., Charles W. and Mary Elorence. 
 
 The education of William Lee Mains was secured in 
 the public schools of Louisville, but he was not ten 
 \'ears of age when he came to Billings, June lo, 1883, 
 and secured employment as office boy and messenger 
 with the First National Bank. Faithful and steady 
 in his work, he soon attracted the attention of his em- 
 ployers, and he was promoted to bookkeeper, then to 
 teller, subsequently to assistant cashier, and eventually 
 to the position of cashier and director. He held the 
 latter positions until 1906, when he purchased the Col- 
 umbus State Bank of Columbus, IMontana, and was 
 president thereof until the spring of 1909, at which 
 time he sold out to buy the Citizens National Bank of 
 Laurel, Montana, and of which he is president. At this 
 time he was the main factor in organizing the Farmers 
 and Traders State Bank of Billings, of which he has 
 since been the president. Among business men Mr. 
 Mains is looked to as a clear-headed man whose ad- 
 vice is always sound. Imbued with the highest in- 
 tegrity in all business matters, his abilit}' has been 
 shown in the growth of the great institution of which 
 he is at the head. Fraternally he is connected with 
 Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, F. & A. J\I. ; Billings Chapter, 
 No. 6. R. A. M. ; and Aldemar Commandery, No. 
 5, K. T. ; and is a past exalted ruler of Billings Lodge, 
 No. 394, B. P. O. E. Politically he is a Republican, 
 but he has never chosen to enter the field of politics. 
 He is an ex-president of the Billings Club, and is a 
 member of the executive committee of the local Young 
 Men's Christian Association. 
 
 On June 22. 1904, Mr. Mains was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Alice Brown, daughter of Judge 
 Michael Brown, and three children have been born 
 voi. n— 1 (i 
 
 to this union, namely: •William Lee, Jr., Lillian and 
 Flarriman Brown. 
 
 Jabez W. Vaughan. In the thirty years or more of 
 Jabez W. Vaughan’s residence in Montana he has seen 
 many changes take place in the state, which until recent 
 years was regarded as partaking of all the qualities 
 of the “wild west.” In his time he has seen the primi- 
 tive modes of life in a new country give way to a com- 
 paratively metropolitan existence, and he has been as- 
 sociated with many an enterprise that has contributed 
 to the advancement and settling of the state. 
 
 Jabez W. Vaughan was born in Clarkesville, Pike 
 county, Missouri, April 7, 1859, and is the son of 
 Almond T. and iMargaret L. (Swain) Vaughan. The 
 father was a native of Virginia, being born in Nelson 
 county of that state on August 10. 1827, and dying 
 February 5, 1907, almost reaching the allotted three 
 score years and ten. Mrs. Vaughan was born in Wake- 
 field, Massachusetts. August 12, 1830, and she died 
 February 8, 1902. They were married on December 6, 
 1849, in Clarkesville, iNIissouri, and were the parents 
 of thirteen children. Four of that number died in in- 
 fancy, and one, Annie M., was taken from them after 
 she had reached young womanhood, being nineteen 
 years of age at the time of her death. Mattie, the eldest 
 of the family, married Henry B. Miller. She was born 
 September 30, 1850, and died in 1903. The others are 
 Thomas A. ; Jabez W. of whom we write, he being the 
 fourth in order of birth; Ella IMalvina, the wife of J. 
 W. Wamsley; Harriet E.. the wife of N. N. Hinsdale; 
 Elizabeth B.. the wife of C. P. Paxton ; Carrie, the 
 wife of John Luke, and George. 
 
 When three years of age Almond T. Vaughan came 
 to Lincoln county. iMissouri, with his parents. While 
 yet a mere child he had the great misfortune to lose 
 both his parents, after which he was given a home in 
 the family of his uncle, John N. Luke, in Pike county, 
 Missouri. As a youth he ' worked on the steamboats 
 plying up and down the Missisippi river for a number 
 of years, and when a j’oung man located on a farm 
 near Clarkesville, where he gave his time to the farming 
 industry until a few years prior to his death, with the 
 exception of two or three instances when he went on 
 e.xtended trips to the west. In 1879 he left Clarkesville 
 and came to [Montana, where he was in the employ of 
 the United States escort of the inspector general, visit- 
 ing all the U. S. army posts in the west. In the fall 
 of 1881 he returned to Alissouri, where he remained 
 until the year 1906, and in July of that year he returned 
 to Montana and was so fortunate as to draw a claim 
 in the distribution of the Crow reservation lands by the 
 U. S. government. His life after that was short, how- 
 ever, and in Eebruary, 1907, he passed away at the home 
 of his son Jabez, with whom he had resided while in 
 Montana. 
 
 Aside from his quiet farm life, Mr. Vaughan had 
 been active in various movements, both in [Montana and 
 Missouri. Wliile a resident of Pike county. [Missouri, 
 he was assessor of that county for three years. In 
 1850 he became deeply enthusiastic over the discovery 
 of gold in California, and he made the trip overland 
 from Clarkesville with six yokes of oxen to central 
 California. He spent about two years prospecting and 
 mining and in 1853 returned to his home in Clarkesville. 
 He made the return trip via Cape Horn in a sailing 
 vessel, and his trip from start to finish was replete 
 with thrilling adventures, although it did not add ma- 
 terially to his stock of worldly goods. In the fall of 
 1879, when on his first trip to Montana, he with his 
 son Jabez established the first mail route to be operated 
 between Old Coulson and [Martinsdale on the [Mussell- 
 shell. [Mr. Vaughan was for fifty years a member of 
 the blue lodge of the [Masonic fraternity, and a Demo- 
 crat all the }-ears of his life. 
 
 The early years of Jabez W. Vaughan’s life were 
 
1092 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 spent in the home at Clarkesville, Missouri, where he 
 helped with the farm work in summer and attended 
 the village schools in winter. When he was twenty 
 years old, accompanied by his father, they made a trip 
 to Montana. They went to Bismarck, North Dakota, 
 by rail, and by steamer thence to Fort Benton, Mon- 
 tana, and overland to Old Coulson. then a thriving vil- 
 lage, but now a deserted spot. They spent the winter 
 of ’79-’8o in Fort Benton and Jabez W. worked dur- 
 ing the summer of 1880 in a blacksmith shop. In the 
 fall of 1880 he took the last steamer down the river 
 to St. Louis, and went back to the old homestead in 
 Clarkesville. In the spring of 1883 Jabez Vaughan 
 married and returned with his bride to Montana, lo- 
 cating at Billings and securing a position as clerk in 
 a grocery store. Later he was deputy sheriff from 1885 
 to 1887, and on the e.xpiration of his term of service 
 in that capacity he took a position as clerk in a hard- 
 ware store. Very shortly, however, he abandoned that 
 and engaged in the bakery and restaurant business, in 
 which he continued for a period of eight years. From 
 that he went into the grocery business, under the firm 
 name of Tool & Vaughan, but after two years he sold 
 his interest in the firm and went into the wholesale 
 fruit and produce business, the name of the firm being 
 Thompson, Kain & Vaughan. In the spring of 1903 
 they sold out the business, and he again engaged in the 
 wholesale fruit and produce business, with the firm 
 name of Lindsay & Company, in which he continued 
 until 1911, and in July of that year he became as- 
 sociated wilh Vriden & Luke, with which firm he re- 
 mained until January i, 1912, since which time he has 
 been manager of both the Northwestern Oil Refining 
 Company and the Montana & Wyoming Oil Company, 
 being a stockholder in both concerns. 
 
 On February 21, 1883, Mr. Vaughan was married 
 to Letha Wilkinson in Clarkesville. Missouri, as men- 
 tioned in a previous paragraph. She died November 
 26, 1889, leaving besides her husband two daughters, 
 Wayne B. and Mary L. Mr. Vaughan contracted a sec- 
 ond marriage November 10, 1891, when he became the 
 husband of Miss Lucy Metcalf, a native of Dubuque, 
 Iowa. 
 
 Mr. Vaughan is a member of a number of fraternal 
 societies, prominent among them being Ashlar Lodge, 
 No. 29 A. F. & A. M. : Billings Chapter, No. 6 R. A. 
 M., Aldemar Commandery, No. 5 K. T. ; Algeria Tem- 
 ple of Helena, Montana, and is a charter member of 
 Billings Lodge, No. 394, Benevolent and Protective 
 Order of Elks. Both he and his wife are members of 
 Edna Chapter, No. 15, Order of Eastern Star. He is 
 a Democrat, and has served one term as alderman from 
 the First ward. 
 
 It is worthy of mention that Mr. Vaughan traces his 
 ancestry directly back to the early days of the Pilgrim 
 fathers, one of his ancestors having come over in the 
 Mayflower, and many of them being prominent in Colo- 
 nial days. His uncle, George Vaughan, who was an 
 officer of the Confederacy, claims the distinction of be- 
 ing the recipient of Lincoln’s last official act of mercy, 
 or indeed in any capacity, before he went to Ford 
 theatre on the evening of April 14, 1865, where he was 
 assassinated, he having signed the pardon of the con- 
 demned Confederate officer just prior to his departure 
 for the theatre. 
 
 Walter J. Dunnigan. Prominently identified with 
 the business interests of Miles City as a member of 
 the firm of Custer Commission Company, dealers in 
 insurance, live stock and real estate, Walter J. Dimni- 
 gan has also interested himself in city affairs, and 
 is now acting as alderman of the First ward. His 
 earlier years were spent as a cowboy on the range, 
 where he gained much valuable information as to live 
 stock values, and the firm of which he is at present a 
 member is widely known in its line throughout the 
 
 state. Mr. Dunnigan was born at Fort Leavenworth, 
 Kansas, December 14, 1874, and is a son of Patrick T. 
 and Catherine (Shelley) Dunnigan. 
 
 Mr. Dunnigan’s father was born at Brooklyn, New 
 York, in 1838, from whence, in 1861, he enlisted in 
 Company I, Forty-seventh Regiment, New York Vol- 
 unteer Infantry, for service during the Civil war. He 
 became first lieutenant of his company, and served with 
 distinction throughout the struggle between the north 
 and south, and after the close of hostilities, removed to 
 Kansas. There in 1875, he enlisted in Company H, 
 Fifth Regiment, United States Regulars, serving as 
 first lieutenant throughout the Indian wars, and re- 
 ceived his honorable discharge at Fort Keogh, Montana, 
 June 15, 1879. He then purchased a home in Miles 
 City, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was 
 a faithful member of the Roman Catholic church, in 
 the faith of which he died in 1885. On Septemljer 13, 
 1870, Mr. Dunnigan was married in Junction City, 
 Kansas, to Miss Catherine Shelley, who was born in 
 County Galway, Ireland, September 30, 1855, and she 
 still survives and makes her home in Miles City. They 
 had a family of nine children, of whom six are still 
 living as follows: Frank, who resides in Miles City; 
 Walter J. ; Mary, the wife of W. H. Martin, of Miles 
 City, Margaret; Julia, the wife of Arthur A. Peterson, 
 of Billings, Montana ; and John, who lives in Saskatche- 
 wan, Canada. 
 
 Walter J. Dunnigan secured his education in the 
 public schools of Miles City, and as a young man be- 
 came a cowboy, working on the range until 1907, in 
 which year he returned to Miles City and formed a 
 partnership with W. Gordon, under the name Custer 
 Commission Company, which has become one of the 
 leading concerns of its kind in the city. It does a large 
 business in live stock, real estate, brokerage and insur- 
 ance, and the partners are known as young men of 
 much ability and sound business principles. In political 
 ■matters Mr. Dunnigan is a stalwart Republican, has 
 been active in the ranks of the party organization, and 
 in April, 1911, was elected alderman of the First ward 
 for a term of two years. He fraternizes with Miles 
 City Lodge No. 537, B. P. O. E., and Knights of 
 Columbus, No. 1518, in both of which he is very 
 popular. 
 
 Mr. Dunnigan was married in 1898 to Miss Bridget 
 O’Neil, who was born in County Mayo, Ireland, daugh- 
 ter of Thomas O’Neil. Four children have been born 
 to this union: Ruth, Walter Francis; Thomas, who 
 died in infancy; and Eugene. Mr. Dunnigan_ has the 
 reputation of being an energetic and progressive busi- 
 ness man, and in his official position is practicing the 
 same straightforward methods that have made him suc- 
 cessful in commercial circles. He has the city’s welfare 
 at heart and has been connected with a number of 
 movements that have resulted in much benefit to its 
 interests. 
 
 Michael Mailand, an energetic and progressive 
 citizen in Virginia City, Montana, where he conducts 
 an exclusive shoe store, was born in Tyrol, Austria, 
 the date of his nativity being the 24th of September, 
 1851. He was educated in the public schools of his na- 
 tive place and at the early age of twelve years entered 
 upon an apprenticeship to learn the trade of shoe- 
 maker. When he reached his legal majority he im- 
 migrated to the United States, where he learned the 
 English language with unusual rapidity. He first set- 
 tled in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, and resided there 
 for the ensuing four years, during which time he 
 devoted his attention to his trade. In 1876 he went 
 to Chicago, where he remained for one year and thence 
 he went to Omaha, Nebraska, residing in the latter 
 place for four years. In 1879 he came to Montana, and 
 after making short stays in different cities, such as 
 Butte, Helena and Bozeman, he settled permanently m 
 
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 f - 
 
 
 ! 
 
 <... 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1U93 
 
 Virginia City. During the first few years of his resi- 
 dence in this place he worked for wages but since 1886 
 he has been most successfully engaged in the shoe 
 business on his own account. He now has the only 
 exclusive shoe store in Madison county and his estab- 
 lishment is up-to-date in every way. 
 
 In his political convictions Mr. Mailand is aligned 
 as a stalwart in the ranks of the Republican party, and 
 while he does not take an active interest in party af- 
 fairs he believes it is the duty of every man t6 vote. 
 For three terms he served with unusual efficiency as a 
 member of the city council and for years was a mem- 
 ber on the school board. He is affiliated with the 
 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, in which he is 
 an officer, and in religious matters he and his family 
 favor the Protestant Episcopal church, to whose char- 
 ities they are contributors. Mr. Mailand is unusually 
 fond of hunting and fishing and he always keeps a 
 fine horse on hand for those purposes. He attends 
 all athletic games and meets that occur in Virginia 
 City and at one time was a valued and appreciative 
 member of the Turner Society here. He loves music 
 and singing and devotes considerable time to reading 
 and research work along historical and scientific lines. 
 In praise of his home state he says : “My adrniration 
 for Montana is so intense that I really can find no 
 words to express it. Just say for me that any state- 
 ment of honor and merit that is made for the state 
 will receive my O. K. In this I am sincere and 
 honest.” 
 
 In the early days before a Montana National Guard 
 was in existence a private company was formed in 
 Butte and of this organization Mr. Mailand was a 
 member. This was the first militia in Montana and 
 was held intact until a legal guard was organized. It 
 consisted of three comnanies, — Companies A and B, of 
 Butte, and Company C, of Helena. Mr. Mailand was 
 a member of Company A and he retained his member- 
 ship until he left Butte. 
 
 On May 18, 1886, in the city of Butte, was celebrated 
 the marriage of Mr. Mailand to Miss Emma Speckart, 
 a daughter of Adolph Speckart, of Butte. To this 
 union four children have been born, as follows, Louisa 
 Henrietta, Frances Sophia, Helen Maria and Adolph 
 Speckart. All the children are public school graduates 
 and the two older daughters are unusually talented 
 musicians. 
 
 Marcus M. Klein has had a most unusual life, and 
 there can be no mistake about the fact that he is a self- 
 made man. Since his ninth year he has completely sup- 
 ported himself, and when he was only eleven years old 
 he came to this country entirely alone, with no friends, 
 no money and no prospects beyond those which his own 
 courage and sturdy strength brought him. At an age 
 when most children are still considered little more than 
 babies and who are tenderly watched over by solicitous 
 mothers, Mr. Klein was fighting his own battles, and 
 demonstrating by his own unaided efforts his right to 
 live in this world. Determination, optimism, health, abil- 
 ity to act quickly and surely, are what has brought him 
 to his present high position in the financial and social 
 circles of his community, but even possessing these in 
 as high degree as he did the odds are tremendously 
 against him, and his success seems a big achievement. 
 
 Mr. Klein was born in Bohemia, October 8, 1854, the 
 youngest in a family of eight, the children of Samuel 
 and Annie Klein. Both his father and his mother were 
 born in Bohemia and lived there all their lives. Both of 
 them lived to a good old age. Air. Klein dying in 1900, 
 at the age of one hundred and two, and Mrs. Klein in 
 1890, at the age of eighty-nine. Mr. Klein was a farmer 
 and served in the Austrian army during the war. Both 
 he and his wife were devout Christians and took an 
 active interest in all church matters. Despite the large 
 number of his brothers and sisters, Alarcus AI. Klein is 
 
 the only member of his family who has come to Amer- 
 ica. 
 
 Air. Klein attended the Bohemian schools until he was 
 nine years old, when he accepted a position as cabin 
 boy on the ship Weser plying between Hamburg and 
 New York City. He worked in this capacity for two 
 years, occasionally making a short visit home. Then, 
 young as he was, he decided that the old country held 
 out no opportunities to him, and that if he was to realize 
 the ambitions for prosperity that were already taking 
 possession of him he must go to the new world. His 
 parents could not come with him, and none of his 
 brothers or sisters cared to go, and so he came alone. 
 His first stop in the United States was at Cleveland, 
 Ohio. For a year and a half he made his living by 
 selling papers on the streets. He was still anxious, 
 however, to push on to a less developed country, and his 
 next journey took him as far as St. Louis. He sold 
 papers there for the next two years, working all day 
 long and attending school in the evening, in order to 
 learn the language. By this time he was old enough 
 and large enough to undertake work with more of a 
 future in it than paper selling held out. He went to 
 Leavenworth, Kansas, and entered a butcher shop. 
 After a year’s training there he moved to Sedalia, Alis- 
 souri, and from there to several other Missouri towns, 
 all the time working in the butcher business, and grad- 
 ually becoming more and more familiar with ever\- de- 
 tail of the trade. 
 
 In the spring of 1879 he left for Omaha, Nebraska, 
 making the trip on a boat. From there he traveled to 
 Corinne, Utah, where, by engaging himself with a 
 freighting outfit he came through to Dillon, Alontana. 
 He arrived in the fall of 1879 and has been a resident 
 of the state ever since. He soon left Dillon for Helena, 
 where he w'orked on the Benedict ranch for nearly a 
 year, and then for two years after that night herded 
 cattle for the AIurphy-AIcLane outfit between Helena 
 and Benton. In 1883 he came into the Musselshell 
 valley, and for the next eighteen years he worked for 
 the Montana Cattle Company. He had worked so faith- 
 fully during these years, and saved his money so well, 
 that at the end of this time he was able to go into 
 business for himself. He has since been operating a 
 ranch and stock business on a large scale and has been 
 very successful. But even now, when his years of 
 labor have brought their reward, and he could live in 
 luxury for the rest of his life, he still loves to be among 
 the cattle that were his friends for so long, and to be 
 out on the plains. 
 
 A'lr. Klein has held several public positions, and is 
 now chairman of the board of county commissioners. 
 He has been a justice of the peace, and at one time he 
 was postmaster at Hope, Alontana. He has also been a 
 member of the school board. Outside of his ranching 
 interests he is connected wnth several other business 
 enterprises, and is vice president of the First National 
 Bank at Roundup. He attends the Catholic church, 
 although he is not opposed to any denomination. 
 The Eagle Lodge claims him as one of its members, 
 and he has been a trustee of the organization. Although 
 he favors the Democratic party, and has always been 
 interested in watching the course of politics, he has 
 never had time to take much of an active part. 
 
 Mr. Klein was married June 23, 1903, at Lavina. Alon- 
 tana, to Alary L. Locken, daughter of Air. and Airs. 
 Harmon Locken, formerly of Germany, and they have 
 three children, Juaneta Sylvia, now in school, Alelba 
 Alontana, still at home, and a baby lately born. 
 
 John C. Duff. An able and influential law'yer of 
 Chinook, and a citizen of much prominence, John C. 
 Duff has for many years been intimately associated with 
 the development and advancement of the best interests 
 of Chouteau county, his efforts being widely appre- 
 ciated. He was born, April 3, 1845, at Newburgh, New 
 
1094 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 York, where his cliihlhood days were spent. His fa- 
 ther,. Thomas A. Duff, a native of New York City, 
 was a man of talent and culture, and held a com- 
 manding position in professional circles. He married 
 Laura h'razer, who was born in New York state, and 
 to them six children were born, of whom John C., 
 the subject of this brief biographical review, is the 
 sole survivor. Both of the parents died in Darm- 
 stadt, Germany, and w'ere there buried, the mother 
 dying in 1856, and the father in 1864. 
 
 Wheii three months of age, John C., with his 
 parents, went to Germany and remained there until 
 the youth w'as sixteen years of age, when, his parents 
 having died in Germany, he returned to the United 
 States, and in 1863 enlisted in Company F, Thirtieth 
 .Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. He was immedi- 
 ately commissioned first lieutenant, and at the age of 
 seventeen had full charge of eight companies. He was 
 with Sheridan in the Shenandoah valley, and im- 
 mediately after the battle at Cedar Creek was cap- 
 turetl by the enemy between Harpers Ferry and Mar- 
 tinshurg, his guards and staff also becoming prisoners. 
 Until February 22. 1865, the gallant lieutenant was 
 held a prisoner, and on being released was sent south 
 with orders to proceed to Mexico. A change of plans 
 being made, Mr. Duff was ordered to report to Gen. 
 Daniel E. Sickles in South Carolina, where he 
 remained until July, 1865, wdien he was sent to Wash- 
 ington, where he took part in the grand parade of 
 Union troops. 
 
 On being mustered out of service, Mr. Duff took up 
 commercial studies in New York City, and was there 
 a resident for several years. In 1879, while Montana 
 was a frontier territory, he came to what is now 
 Chouteau cqunty, locating at Fort Benton, where he 
 began the practice of the law, making a specialty of 
 land cases, of whie'h he had an excellent knowledge. 
 Removing thence to Chinook in 1901, Mr. Duff there 
 followed the land law practice for eight years, his 
 previous studies and experience having made him an 
 expert in that branch of professional work. Since 
 1909 he has been a general practitioner of law, and 
 has met with characteristic success in his work, hav- 
 ing built up a wide and lucrative patronage. 
 
 A steadfast Republican in politics, Mr. Duff is very 
 active in public affairs, having never shirked the re- 
 sponsibilities connected with office holding. While at 
 Fort Benton, he held every office from mayor down ; 
 was for four years county treasurer of Chouteau county; 
 and for eight years he has served as town clerk and city 
 attorney in Chinook. He has acquired considerable 
 wealth, owning valuable city realty at that place, in- 
 cluding one of the most pleasant homes in the city, 
 h'raternally he is a member of the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows. 
 
 Mr. Duff married, July 9, 1902, Miss Waite Counzil- 
 man, and they have one child, John Charles Duff. 
 
 P.VTRicK H. SiDLEY. Among the w^ell-known citizens 
 of Butte, Montana, wdiose years of young boyhood and 
 later maturity have been filled with interests identified 
 with the growth and progress of this section is Mr. 
 Patrick H. Sidley. Although born in Houghton county, 
 Michigan, the date of his birth being November 2,3, 
 1866, he came with the family to Butte in September, 
 1879, and has since then liyed the greater part of the 
 time in this city. Mr. Sidley is the son of Timothy 
 and Margaret (Murphy) Sidley, both of whom were 
 natives of Ireland. Mr. Sidley, senior, came to Amer- 
 ica about 1862, and settled first in Massachusetts. In 
 1878, however, he arrived for the first time in Butte, 
 then a mining towm with a mere handful of population, 
 and a year later removed his family to this place. He 
 followed the occupation of miner during his lifetime 
 and died in this city April 30, 1903. He is survived by 
 
 his wife, wdio is at the present time a resident of 
 Butte. i 
 
 Patrick H. Sidley received a rudimentary education _ 
 
 in the public schools of Butte and later attended All « 
 
 Ilallows College at Salt Lake City, finally completing ■ 
 
 his studies when nineteen years old. His entrance into 1 
 
 the business world took place immediately afterward, ■ 
 
 when he assumed the duties of a clerical position, re- 1 
 
 maining at that employment for a time, but later drifted 
 into mining work. His first venture as an independent 
 tradesman was when he purchased a grocery store at 
 Butte. I he business did not yield the profits he de- 
 sired, however, and he soon sold out and returned 
 to clerical work, becoming associated with the Ana- 
 conda Copper Mining Company in IQOI. He con- 
 tinued to hold a clerkship with that corporation for |it 
 
 two and a half years, and resigned to assume the jjf 
 
 duties of the office of city clerk of Butte, to which he I 
 
 had in the meantime been elected. After serving a ii. 
 
 two-year_ term as city clerk Mr. Sidley returned to “ 
 
 his position with the copper company, and for the past 
 three years has been chief clerk at the mines’ office. ® 
 As a man of superior ability, wide experience -and 
 utmost reliability, his services are recognized by the 1 
 firm with which he is connected as exceedingly vain- ' 
 able. Ifj 
 
 Mr. Sidley is of Democratic political faith, and in 
 times past has taken quite an active part in party affairs. 
 
 His devotion to duty when in official position was 
 creditably shown some years ago when he served as 
 a deputy during the administration of Sheriff Regan. || 
 He is greatly interested in civic matters and has broad 
 and intelligent views on the many important public ■>. 
 
 questions that intere.st the high-minded citizens of this i 
 
 country today. Fraternally he is affiliated with the I; 
 Knights of the IMaccabees. 
 
 On .Ypril 30, 1889, occurred the marriage uniting 
 Mr. Sidley and Miss Mary E. Sullivan, daughter of ii; 
 M. M. Sullivan, of New York, who came to Butte 
 with his family in 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Sidley have |i: 
 three children, Walter J., Edna M. and Ruth, all born 
 in the city of Butte. .i(i 
 
 I 
 
 Peter H. Smith, one of the substantial retired busi- 
 ness men of Billings, is an example of the men who ' m 
 have by their energy, public spirit and careful manage- 
 ment, reached positions which the struggles of the 9 | 
 earlier years scarcely indicate, and who are known and 
 respected for their sterling worth as citizens, having I 
 always in view the upbuilding and best interests of the 1 ' 
 communities in which they live. Of this class, the A 
 Yellowstone valley has many representatives, none 
 perhaps more worthv than the gentleman whose per- -J 
 sonal history is here recorded. Mr. Smith is a native 
 of the little kingdom of Denmark, and was born De- i 
 cember 28, 1843, a son of .Hans and Mary Smith, farm- 
 ing people of that country who are both deceased. 
 
 They had a family of four children, of whom Peter H., 
 the third in order of birth, is the only survivor. 
 
 The early education of Peter IT. Smith was secured 
 in the schools of his native country, and when he was 
 twenty-two years of age he made his way to America, 
 settling first in Quebec, Canada. Subsequently, he emi- 
 grated to Dwight, Illinois, where in order to learn the 
 English language he attended a district school in the 
 farming community in which he worked. During the 
 spring of 1871 he moved to Lincoln county, Kansas, and 
 took up a homestead, on which he resided until 1876. ; 
 
 There he was working when the Black Hills gold ex- 
 citement struck the countr3q and hastily selling his 
 property he went overland to the Dakotas, where he 
 followed mining until 1879, at which time, with others, 
 he went to Yliles City, Montana, and during the two 
 years that followed was engaged in hunting buffaloes 
 for their hides. The spring of 1882 saw Mr. Smith’s 
 arrival in Billings, then a tent town, and until 1885 he 
 

 ' .V- •' 
 

 / 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1095 
 
 secured emploj’ment at various occupations. In that year 
 he formed a partnership in the livery business with the 
 late John M. Ramsey, under the firm name of Ramsey 
 & Smith, an association which continued until 1895, 
 in which year Mr. Smith retired from active_ pursuits. 
 In 1907 he erected what is known as the Smith block, 
 on the site of the old livery stable, corner of Twenty- 
 seventh street and First avenue north, and May 10, 
 1910, he was one of the organizers of the Farmers’ and 
 Traders’ Bank, which is located in this building and of 
 which he is a director and stockholder. Mr. Smith also 
 owns a handsome residence at No. 214 North Thirty- 
 second street. He is independent in his political views 
 and has never desired public office, his business activi- 
 ties having demanded all of his time and attention. His 
 fraternal connection is with the Rathbone Lodge No. 
 28, Knights of Pythias. 
 
 On january 27, 1899, Mr. Smith was united in mar- 
 riage with IMiss Lillian V. Soule, a native of Illinois. 
 .\mong the representative self-made men of Billings, 
 few have been the architects of their own fortunes to 
 such a degree as Mr. Smith, and his career should be 
 encouraging and prove stimulating to the youth of to- 
 day, of whatever country, who are struggling to over- 
 come obstacles to attain success. During his long resi- 
 dence in Billings, Mr. Smith has made numerous ac- 
 quaintances, among whom he can count friends by 
 scores. 
 
 Niels P. Sorenson. A record of the career of Niels 
 P. Sorenson, of Miles City, cannot prove aught but 
 interesting, not only to those of the younger genera- 
 tion who delight in hearing recounted the thrilling 
 experiences incidental to pioneer days, but also to all 
 who have an interest in those who have assisted in 
 developing Montana from a wilderness into a center 
 of commercial and educational activity. Although now 
 engaged in the peaceful occupation of selling real estate 
 and insurance, Mr. Sorenson has passed through some 
 adventurous times and has watched the transformation 
 of the former hunting grounds into_ well-regulated 
 farms, thriving cities and centers of civilization. He 
 is a native of Denmark, a country that has given Mon- 
 tana some of its best citizens, and was born February 
 26. 1856, a son of S. and Anna (Christison) Sorenson, 
 both of whom are deceased. Mr. Sorenson's father, 
 who died at the age of fifty-six years, was for thirty- 
 two years gardener for the King. Of his four children, 
 Niels P. is the only survivor. 
 
 Niels P. Sorenson was educated in his native coun- 
 try, and was seventeen years of age when he_ came 
 to' the United States. Landing in New York City, he 
 made his way across the country to Oshkosh, Wiscon- 
 sin, where for about six months he was employed as 
 a farm hand. At that time he learned the trade of 
 blacksmith, at which he worked until 1877, and in that 
 year traveled overland to Bismarck, North Dakota, 
 where he put the spars in the first steamer that came up 
 the Missouri and Yellowstone rivers. Colonel Lee being 
 in charge of the troops carried by the vessel._ Later 
 i\Ir. Sorenson went overland to the Black Hills and 
 continued on to the Big Horn Mountains, and while 
 going through the Wolf Mountains met a band ot 
 Indians and were compelled to fight their way through. 
 After prospecting in the Big Horn Mountains for 
 some time, the party of which Mr. Sorenson was a 
 member went overland to the present site of Bozeman, 
 and then returned to the Black Hills and remained two 
 months. At the end of that time, with his friend, 
 James Alkinson, Mr. Sorenson started for Arizona, 
 each having a team of horses and a wagon. While 
 making their camp at Rock Creek they learned there 
 had been a stage robbery near that place, and during the 
 following day they met Tom Keenan, one of the rob- 
 bers, who was driving an old wagon, pulled by two 
 horses. After a conversation, Keenan drove on, leav- 
 
 ing them totally unaware of his identity or of the fact 
 that under a number of old blankets in his wagon 
 rested the very safe that had been taken from the stage 
 the day before. Subsequently iMr. Sorenson and his 
 partner changed their minds as to their destination and 
 decided to go to Fort Laramie, having letters from Col- 
 onel Lee to the various fort commanders requesting 
 that the two men be given work. As there was no 
 employment at which they could be put at Fort Lar- 
 amie, they went on to Fort McKinney, where Captain 
 Pollock was in command, this being during the fall of 
 1877. The Captain detailed a sergeant and four pri- 
 vates to escort the travelers to a camp about thirty 
 miles from the fort, supplying them with guns and 
 ammunition with which to hunt elk, mountain sheep 
 and buffalo, to furnish the fort with meat, and in addi- 
 tion each located land claims. When they had been at 
 their camp for some days they were approached by 
 a visitor, who after some conversation informed them 
 that he was a member of a band of road agents who 
 were housed in a dug-out not far distant, and that it 
 would be healthy for them to say nothing in regard to 
 the fact. Later they were taken to the dug-out, where 
 they met some eighteen or twenty desperadoes, among 
 whom was the Tom Keenan of previous acquaintance. 
 Later Keenan and Jesse James called at their camp, 
 having in some manner discovered that Mr. Sorenson 
 was a blacksmith, and Mr. Sorenson was forced to set 
 the shoes on Jesse James' horse. As he had no tools 
 of his own, he used those belonging to the famous 
 bandits, who seemed to he well equipped with all neces- 
 sary paraphernalia. During the fall of 1879 Mr. Soren- 
 son came to Miles City, and shortly thereafter engaged 
 in hunting buffaloes for their hides in the Little Sheep 
 Mountains and on White Creek, with James White, 
 in whose honor the creek was named. In the spring 
 of 1880 he resumed his trade, but in 1881 went to the 
 Tongue river, fifty miles from IMiles City, and built the 
 first house in the locality on the Clark ranch. During 
 the following winter he again gave his attention to 
 hunting, but in 1882 came back to Miles City, where 
 he closed a contract with the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 road for grading, and in the winter of 1882-83 again 
 hunted buffalo on Grand river, in Dakota. Returning 
 to Aliles City in the spring of 1883, he worked at his 
 trade for a year, and in 1884 went to Regina, North- 
 west Territory, Canada, having a grading contract 
 with the Canadian Pacific Railroad. He spent the 
 summer in Canada and then returned to Miles .City 
 and worked at his trade until 1895, in which year he 
 erected a shop at the corner of Main and Eighth streets, 
 and continued in business until 1901. At that time he 
 sold his establishment to engage in the sheep business, 
 with which he was connected up to 1910, and since 
 1911 has carried on a successful real estate and insur- 
 ance business. In political matters Mr. Sorenson is 
 a Republican, and has served very acceptably as aider- 
 man of the First ward. He is popular with all who 
 know him, and has many friends among the members 
 of the United Workmen, the Knights of Honor and 
 the Homesteaders, to all of which he belongs. 
 
 The wife of Mr. Sorenson, Mrs. Eliza L. Sorenson, 
 was born February 25, 1855, the eldest daughter of 
 Henry and Rozilla (Bently) Harrington, the former 
 a pioneer of Ohio, the latter born in Indiana, in 1835. 
 5 Irs. Harrington came to iMiles City in 1881 and lived 
 here until her death, in August, 1911. Mrs. Sorenson 
 started for Montana from Joliet, Illinois, September 
 21, 1879, and came across country in a wagon to Wyo- 
 ming, thence down Tongue river where she met Mr. 
 Sorenson, January i, 1880. She came to Miles City, 
 March 24, 1880, and they were married April 12, 1880. 
 Seven children were born to them, the eldest of whom 
 Frank, was born February 22, 1881, on the present 
 Clark ranch, being the first white child born on Tongue 
 river. The other children are Ernest, Lillie (who died 
 
1096 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 at the age of eighteen), Laura, Grace, Lee and Clara, 
 all who live in the vicinity of Miles City. 
 
 P.MRiCK Henry McCarthy. In any community, be 
 it a country village or a metropolitan city with its 
 thousands of inhabitants, there is one class of pro- 
 fessional men given by common consent a place of 
 prominence in the life of its people, their work put- 
 ting them into personal touch and sympathy with their 
 clients as is the case in so complete a degree with 
 no other profession. It scarcely need be explained that 
 this is the class which includes physicians and sur- 
 geons. Butte, Montana, is fortunate in numbering 
 among its leading practitioners in this line of work 
 a man of the comprehensive education, talent and 
 skill possessed by Dr. Patrick Henry McCarthy, whose 
 abilities professionally are evidenced by a very ex- 
 tensive practice in general work, and have been rec- 
 ognized officially in his appointment to membership on 
 the Montana State Board of Medical Examiners. 
 
 Dr. McCarthy has risen to his present high posi- 
 tion entirely through his own efforts, he having been 
 born a poor boy at Houghton county, Michigan, Oc- 
 tober 15, 1875, and deprived of a father’s care and 
 support through tragic death, the elder McCarthy hav- 
 ing been killed in Quinz mine, Houghton county, when 
 Patrick, who was the next youngest of a family of 
 five children, was but four years old. It was the 
 grandfather of Dr. McCarthy who was the first mem- 
 ber of this branch of the family to leave his native 
 Ireland and settle in America, choosing as his location 
 Houghton county, Michigan, where he followed the 
 miner’s occupation. James McCarthy, father of the 
 doctor, was twelve years old when brought by his 
 parents to this country. He married Mary Driscoll, 
 a native also of Ireland, who came to this country 
 with her parents when a small child. The Driscolls 
 first resided at Houghton, where the daughter was 
 married to Mr. McCarthy, but later became residents 
 of Holt, Nebraska. Previous to his demise, in 1879, 
 James McCarthy had made an overland trip to Mon- 
 tana and Utah, and prospected and mined in those 
 sections for a time, but returned to Houghton and 
 there met his untimely death. 
 
 Dr. McCarthy received his early schooling in 
 O’Neill, Nebraska, and at Butte, Montana, but at the 
 age of sixteen years was obliged to take upon his 
 shoulders the task of self-support and accordingly 
 sought employment in the mines. For four years he 
 worked at mining in the Butte and Leadville, Colo- 
 rado, fields, _ then, having earned _ and saved sufficient 
 to enable him to pursue his studies further, he made 
 a forward step in achieving his ambition for a medical 
 degree by entering the Creighton University at Omaha, 
 Nebraska. After a year of study in that institution of 
 learning he accepted a position as teacher of chem- 
 istry and anatomy in the Fremont (Neb.) Normal 
 School, remaining with the school for one year. He 
 then reentered the Creighton University and in 1902 
 was awarded his degree of Doctor of Medicine. The 
 year following his graduation from the medical col- 
 lege Dr. McCarthy was an interne at the Presbyterian 
 Hospital at Omaha. In 1903 he finally located in 
 Butte, and since that time has engaged in continual 
 practice at this point both as a general physician and 
 surgeon. At intervals, however, he has gone east 
 to take post graduate work in various medical uni- 
 versities, having studied in New York, Baltimore and 
 Chicago. In this way he keeps himself informed of all 
 the latest developments in medical science and prac- 
 tice and is able to serve his patients with increasing 
 efficiency as the years pass. He also keeps in touch 
 with other leading men of his profession through his 
 membership in various medical associations and clubs, 
 including the Silver Bow Medical Society, the Mon- 
 
 tana State Medical Association and the American Medi- 
 cal Association. 
 
 Dr. McCarthy finds interest and recreation in many 
 different departments of social, religious, civic and 
 political activity, and is a man of considerable wealth, 
 owning some valuable mining and banking interests. 
 He is an energetic worker in the ranks of the Demo- 
 cratic party and is the honored president and chair- 
 man of the Democratic Club of Butte. He belongs 
 to the University Club, is fraternally connected with 
 several leading lodges, including the Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks, and the Eagles order, of 
 which latter he is official physician. He is a faithful 
 communicant of the Roman Catholic church, con- 
 tributes generously to its charities and benevolent ac- 
 tivities, and finds scope for personal work among men 
 through his membership in the Knights of' Columbus 
 
 The marriage of Dr. McCarthy occurred at Scrib- 
 ner, Nebraska, Miss Julia Stafford, a daughter of 
 Michael Stafford and a native of Iowa, becoming his 
 wife. Dr. and Mrs. McCarthy have one daughter, born 
 at Butte, November 7, 1910. Their home is one of 
 the attractive and hospitable ones in Butte, and they 
 have a host of friends, by all of whom they are held 
 in the highest respect and esteem. 
 
 Herbert O. Kellogg. Recognized throughout Sweet 
 Grass county as one of the most progressive and en- 
 terprising business men within its confines, and also 
 holding prestige as a citizen who has_ shown his public 
 spirit and demonstrated his ability in various offices 
 
 Second Store Building in Big Timber 
 
 of importance and trust, Herbert O. Kellogg takes 
 rank with the representative men of his community. 
 Like many others of Montana’s successful men, Mr. 
 Kellogg is a product of the east, having been born 
 in Franklin county, Vermont, January 8, 1858, a son 
 of Amhurst T. and Harriet B. (Abel) Kellogg, natives 
 of St. Albans, Vermont. Amhurst T. Kellogg spent 
 his life in Vermont, where his attention was devoted 
 to agricultural pursuits, but he also found time to 
 give to matters of a political nature, serving acceptably 
 as selectman of his township, as a member of the school 
 board and in various other official capacities. He was 
 originally a Whig and later a Republican, and was 
 well known in fraternal circles as a prominent member 
 of the Masonic order. He died in 1903, while his 
 widow still survives him and makes her home in 
 Swanton, Vermont. Of their six children, three are 
 still living: Herbert O. ; Amhurst, living in Seattle, 
 Washington: and Hattie, Northfield, Vermont. 
 
 As was the custom of the farmers’ sons of his day 
 and locality, Herbert O. Kellogg secured his education 
 in the district schools during the winter months, his 
 summers being devoted to the work of the home farm. 
 He continued thus to give his services to his father 
 until he reached his majority, when he left home 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1097 
 
 with the intention of going to_ Nevada. Subsequent 
 circumstances, however, caused him to change his mind, 
 and he journeyed to California, taking the steamer 
 Oregon at San Francisco for passage to Portland, 
 where he arrived with a working capital of fifteen cents. 
 His finances demanded that he secure employment at 
 once, and he was soon hard at work in a railroad tie 
 camp, at Lebanon, on the Santa Anna river, being em- 
 ployed at making railroad ties for Gore Brother^ 
 Three months of this kind of work earned him enough 
 to go to The Dalles, Oregon, where he was engaged by 
 the cattle firm of Stewart & Hamilton to assist in 
 driving a band of cattle over the divide from Oregon 
 to Gallatin county, Montana, now Sweet Grass county, 
 a journey that took six months. Landing in Gallatin 
 county, November 6, 1879, Mr. Kellogg continued to 
 work as a cowboy on the Yellowstone range during 
 the summer of 1880, but in the spring of 1881 won't 
 to Sun river, as an employe of Flouree & Lowery, and 
 helped to take a herd of cattle from that point to 
 Bismarck, Dakota, at that time the terminus of the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad. In the fall of 1881 he 
 returned to Sun river and continued with the above- 
 named firm, but in the spring of 1882 went to Old 
 Coulson, where the city of Billings now stands, with 
 a band of cattle. He was soon engaged in hauling 
 water with T. H. Smith for the new town of Billings 
 from the Yellowstone river, a business in which he was 
 engaged until November, 1884, then going to Melville 
 and becoming clerk in the general store of _ H. O. 
 Hickox. He continued to be connected with this busi- 
 ness until 1887, on April loth of which year he came 
 to Big Timber and associated himself with Newton 
 Budd and Eli Vickey in the establishing of a gen- 
 eral merchandise business. After about two years Mr. 
 Kellogg sold his interest and formed a partnership 
 with S. C. Walbridge, whose interest he later pur- 
 chased, and is now engaged in business on his own ac- 
 count, having a large trade and occupying one qf the 
 most modern store buildings in the city. _ His entire at- 
 tention has not been devoted to this business, however, 
 as his energies and abilities have demanded a wider 
 field, and in addition to owning a ranch two and one- 
 half miles from Big Timber, is a heavy stockholder in 
 the A. F. & K. Grain Elevator Company, and is also 
 interested in a garage business. He has been president 
 of the Sweet Grass County Fair Association since its 
 organization. In political matters he is a stalwart Re- 
 publican, and has served as a member of the school 
 board for many years, was appointed county commis- 
 sioner in 1904 and elected to that office in 1905, and 
 for the past three years has been fire chief oi Big 
 Timber. For a long period his connection with fra- 
 ternal work has been active and continuous. He is 
 a member of Doric Lodge No. 53 , A. F. & A. M. ; 
 Livingston Chapter No. 7, R. A. M.; St. Bernard Com- 
 mandery No. 6, K. T.; and Algeria Temple, A. A. O. 
 N. M. S., Helena; Big Timber Lodge No. 25, Knights 
 of Pythias, of which he is past chancellor; and the 
 Order of the Eastern Star, of which his wife is also 
 a member. 
 
 On August 17, 1885, Mr. Kellogg was married to 
 Miss Laura Sellers, who was born in Indiana, and 
 to this union there have been born two sons : Dorman 
 and Herbert O., Jr. As a prosperous business man Mr. 
 Kellogg is well and favorably known, not only in Big 
 Timber, but all over this part of the state. He also 
 takes an active interest in all enterprises which promise 
 to advance and develop the community and promote its 
 best interests. 
 
 John W. Cole. Although now living a life of re- 
 tirement at his comfortable home in Park City, Mon- 
 tana, John W. Cole can lay claim to being one of the 
 progressive citizens of this state, within the borders of 
 which he spent many years in various lines of activity. 
 
 having been at different times prospector, miner, ranch- 
 er and stockraiser. During his earlier years Mr. Cole 
 traveled to various points in the western and south- 
 western states, always in the advance guard of civili- 
 zation, and so successfully did he prosecute his opera- 
 tions that today he is the possessor of a comfortable 
 competency, and may now retire from the cares of in- 
 dustrial activity, content with the knowledge that his 
 life has been one of usefulness and earnest industry. 
 Mr. Cole was born at Portsmouth, Scioto county, 
 Ohio, July 15, 1850, and is a son of Thomas and Sarah 
 (Hodley) Cole, a grandson of John and Jane Cole, 
 and a great-grandson of William Cole, who was a 
 slave-owner in early days in the East. 
 
 Thomas Cole was born in Brown county. Pennsyl- 
 vania, and when a mere child accompanied his parents 
 to Scioto county, Ohio. He was the eldest of the four 
 children of his father, who was a farmer and stock- 
 raiser, and he was reared to the life of an agriculturist. 
 In 1862 he removed to Des Moines, Iowa, becoming 
 a drover and engaging in buying and selling horses and 
 cattle. He was a Democrat in his political belief and 
 was affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. Plis death 
 occurred when he was sixty-five years of age, while 
 his wife, who was a native of Ohio, passed away at the 
 age of sixty years. They were the parents of three 
 children: Mary, who married George Young and re- 
 sides in Ohio; John W. ; and Jane, who died at the 
 age of sixteen years. 
 
 John W. Cole received his education in the public 
 schools of Des Moines, Iowa, and as a youth was asso- 
 ciated with his father in the stock business. In 1865 
 he started overland with a freight outfit, in ox-teams, 
 from Omaha, Nebraska, to Denver, Colorado, and then 
 returned to Omaha, but in the summer of 1866 again 
 accompanied the freight train to Denver, and during 
 the following fall forged on to Clear Creek, Colorado. 
 From 1867 to 1872 he was engaged in placer mining, 
 and in the summer of the latter year he went to Silver 
 City, New Mexico, continuing in the same line of 
 work until 1874. On his return to Denver, he pur- 
 chased a pack horse and crossed the mountains to 
 Tibo, Nevada, a mining camp, and for some time 
 was engaged in prospecting and mining, but in the 
 spring of 1876 went to Los Angeles, California, re- 
 maining there some two or three months. Mr. Cole 
 next went to San Francisco, from whence he journeyed 
 to old Mexico on a prospecting trip, but while there 
 his health failed and he returned to the California city. 
 Subsequently he traveled overland to Bannack, Beaver- 
 head county, Montana, where he was connected with a 
 horse ranch until the spring of 1879, and at that time 
 came to Custer (now Yellowstonel county, and located 
 on the present site of Park City. During the years that 
 followed Mr. Cole built up a large and profitable busi- 
 ness in horses, cattle and sheep,, but in 1900 sold his 
 cattle to John H. Booz, and in 1908 retired permanently 
 from active business. He is still the owner of a ranch 
 that covers a half-section of land, and this he rents. 
 Mr. Cole bears an excellent reputation among those 
 with whom he has had business dealings, and among 
 his fellow townsmen is known as a public-spirited 
 citizen who is ever ready to assist in any movement 
 calculated to benefit his section in any way. His poli- 
 tics_ are those of the Republican party, and fraternally 
 he is affiliated with Billings lodge No. 394, B, P. O. E. 
 
 On July I, 1878, Mr. Cole was married to Miss Fran- 
 ces Louisa Kinney, and three children have been born 
 to them : Iva, who is the wife of W. C. Brock, living 
 on Mr. Cole’s ranch; Ira, who met his death by drown- 
 ing when a youth of seventeen years; and Carrie, the 
 wife of Henry Fink, residing in Park City. 
 
 August H. Barth. In every community there are 
 men who, by reason of their ability, stand out from thg 
 rest. Upon such men many cares devolve; they are 
 
1098 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the center of all activity; their brains and money are 
 back of most enterprises, whether public or private, 
 and to them belongs the credit of the progress gained 
 by their community. August H. Barth, of Billings, has 
 for many years been recognized as one of the lead- 
 ing men of this section of the state, where he has 
 approximately 50,000 acres of land under his control 
 and devotes it to sheep raising. He was born at Green 
 Bay, Calumet county, Wisconsin, November 28, 1858, 
 and is a son of Donatus and Anna Barth, natives of 
 Germany. 
 
 Donatus Barth was born in 1832 and came to the 
 United States when a young man in 1845 on a sailing 
 vessel. He located in New York, where he was mar- 
 ried to Anna Barth, who had come to this country on 
 a sail ship which took eleven weeks to cross the ocean. 
 After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Barth moved to 
 Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but later went on to Green 
 Bay, Calumet county, where Mr. Barth took up gov- 
 ernment land and hewed a home from the wilderness, 
 becoming a substantial farmer, although his former 
 training had been as a nailmaker. During the Civil 
 war he enlisted in a Wisconsin regiment and served 
 gallantly in the defense of his adopted country’s flag, 
 and after his return resumed farming, which he fol- 
 lowed in Wisconsin until 1878. In that year he re- 
 moved to western Oregon, fourteen miles from the 
 capital, Salem, and there purchased land and engaged 
 in agricultural pursuits up to the time of his death in 
 1906, his wife having passed away two years before. 
 VVhile living in Wisconsin he acted as county com- 
 missioner and assessor and was known as an influential 
 Democrat. His religious belief and that of his wife 
 was that of the Methodist Episcopal church. They 
 had ten children, of whom nine are living, and August 
 H. was the seventh in order of birth. 
 
 August H. Barth received his education in the schools 
 of Calumet county, Wisconsin, and was reared to 
 agricultural pursuits until he was sixteen years of 
 age, at which time he went to Appleton and learned 
 the trade of blacksmith. After spending three years in 
 Appleton he went to San Francisco. California, and 
 after a short period there moved on to Portland. Sub- 
 seciuently he followed his trade in Salem, Oregon, for 
 a year and one half and then went to eastern Oregon. 
 The year 1879 saw his advent in Montana, when he 
 spent about one year in Butte, and he then went to 
 Challis, Custer county, Idaho. In 1882 he returned 
 to Montana, settling at Coulson, near the present site 
 of Billings, and during the following year established 
 himself in the blacksmith business in the latter city, 
 erecting the first blacksmith shop here. In 1886 he 
 transferred his activities to the sheep business, to 
 which he has since given his attention, and his mam- 
 moth enterprises have proven beneficial not only to 
 himself but to the community. He has properties near 
 Augusta, in Lewis and Clark county, thirty-five miles 
 south of Chinook, in Chouteau county, thirty-five miles 
 south of Forsyth, in Rosebud county, and in Carbon 
 county, the latter a tract of one thousand acres, under 
 the firm name of A. H. Barth & Son. This firm owns 
 twelve thousand acres of land and leases thirty-eight 
 thousand acres, all of which is devoted to sheep rais- 
 ing. Mr. Barth is president of the Woolman Ranch 
 & Sheep Company, and is associated in business with 
 a Mr. Edward, the firm name at Chinook being Edward 
 & Barth, while at Forsyth it is known as Barth & 
 Edward. At this time seventy-five thousand head of 
 sheep are on the company’s land, and during 1911 
 $32,000 worth of wool was sheared. Although this 
 wool sells at seventeen and one-half cents per pound, 
 it is the equal of the wool sold in England at twenty- 
 two cents, as has been proven by Mr. Barth, who sent 
 samples of his product to the other country. During 
 the summer of 1908 Mr. Barth took a trip to Alaska, 
 where he is now extensively interested in the develop- 
 ment of coal lands, and was one of the organizers 
 
 and is now vice-president of the Bear Creek Coal Com- 
 pany of Montana. He is also vice-president of the 
 Montana & Wyoming Oil Company, which is develop- 
 ing the oil business in Crawley, Wyoming. Mr. Barth 
 has ever been a friend of progress and Billings has 
 benefited by his activities. Strictly legitimate enter- 
 prises only have occupied his attention and these have 
 been carried on in such a manner as to leave no doubi 
 of their promoter's integrity and probity. Mr. Barth 
 is a Republican, but has not been active in public mat- 
 ters, preferring; to give his time and attention to his 
 large business interests. He has found time to engage 
 in fraternal work, and is a member of Ashlar Lodge 
 No. 2Q, A. F. & A. M. : Billings Chapter No. 6, R. A. 
 M. ; Aldemar Commandery No. 5, K. T., and Algeria 
 Temple, Helena; and also belongs to Billings Lodge 
 No. 394, B. P. O. E., and Edna Chapter No. 14, O. E. 
 S., his wife also belonging to the latter. 
 
 Mr. Barth was married in 1883 to Miss Annie H. 
 Goodwin, who was born near San Francisco, California, 
 and they have one son, Arthur. He is a graduate of 
 the University of Nebraska, and is acting as manager of 
 the ranch in Carbon county, being the junior member 
 of the firm of A, H. Barth & Son. He married Miss 
 Virginia Andel, also a graduate of the University of 
 Nebraska. They are members of the Eastern Star, 
 and Mr. Barth also holds membership in Ashlar Lodge 
 of Masons. Like his father, he is a stanch Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 William Mitchell. Thirty years ago, when it was 
 first erected, the Merchants Hotel, of Livingston, Mon- 
 tana, was considered one of the finest buildings of its 
 kind in the section, but as the years passed and the com- 
 munity grew from a struggling little village into a pro- 
 gressive city of commercial and industrial importance, 
 demands were made for greater accommodations, new 
 hostelries were erected, and the pioneer of them all 
 was pushed further and further into the background 
 until it is now used as a rooming house. Fully keen- 
 ing pace with the general advancement of Livingston, 
 the original proprietor and builder of this landmark, 
 William Mitchell, has eone steadily forward, and today 
 occupies a position of prominence among the business 
 men of the city, and occupies the position of county 
 clerk of Park county. He is an example of the type of 
 self-made man of which the Northwest is so proud, 
 having been the architect of his own fortunes since 
 he was sixteen years old, and whatever success he has 
 .gained has been the direct result of his own efforts. 
 Mr. Mitchell was born on his father’s farm in Kenosha 
 county, Wisconsin, February 8, 1855, and is a son of 
 Charles and Elizabeth (Lang) Mitchell, natives of 
 Aberdeenshire, Scotland, who are both deceased. 
 
 The parents of Mr. Mitchell were married in Scot- 
 land, and after the birth of two children decided to try 
 their fortunes in the United States. Accordingly, in 
 1854, they set sail for this country, and from New York 
 City came West to Kenosha county, Wisconsin, with 
 a party of Scotch colonists who became pioneer agri- 
 culturists of that section. Three other children were 
 born to them in America, and in the cultivation of their 
 lands and the rearing of their children they spent the 
 remainder of their lives. But two of the children sur- 
 vive : William, and Fannie, the wife of Henry Cruse, 
 
 living in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 
 
 William Mitchell was reared to the life of an agri- 
 culturist and attended the district schools in the vicin- 
 ity of his father’s farm until he was sixteen years of 
 age, at which time he decided to make his -own way in 
 the world and ran away from home. Drifting into 
 Michigan, he secured employment in the lumber camps 
 during the winters and on the log drives during the 
 summer months, and later followed the same line of 
 work on the upper Mississippi in Minnesota. In 1875 
 he located in Bismarck, North Dakota, where he was 
 employed at cutting wood for the steamboats that plied 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1099 
 
 the jMissouri river, in addition to which he hunted and 
 trapped game for hides, but in the spring of 1879 fol- 
 lowed the building of the Northern Pacific Railroad to 
 Clark City, now known as Livingston. _ He continued 
 to follow” hunting as an occupation until 1882, and m 
 the winter of that year started the erection of the first 
 hotel in Livingston, to which he gave the name ^ of 
 Merchants Hotel, and which was very popular during 
 the early days and still draws its full quota of guests. 
 Air. Mitchell has continued to be more or less inter- 
 ested in the hotel business to the present time, and in 
 conjunction therewith has given a great deal of atten- 
 tion to the raising of stock on his valuable ranch in 
 Park county since 1883. He has served as chief of 
 police of Livingston for two years, and for five years 
 was deputy sheriff under O. P. Templeton, the first 
 sheriff of Park county, following which he was for 
 four years under sheriff under Harry McCue. In 1910 
 Air. Mitchell was the Democratic candidate for county 
 clerk, a position to which he was elected, and in which 
 he has acceptably served to the present time. He has 
 given the county a good, clean administration, featured 
 by a number of reforms in the clerk's office, and has 
 earned the respect and approval of the tax payers of 
 this section. Fraternally he is connected with_ Yellow- 
 stone lodge No. 10, Knights of Pythias and Livingston 
 lodge, B. P. O. E. 
 
 In 1879 A'lr. Mitchell was married to Aliss Kate Car- 
 bin, who was born in Chicago,- Illinois, and five chil- 
 dren have been born to this union: Fannie, the wife 
 
 of James AIcDonough ; Alary, the wife _ of George 
 Lulloff; and Kate, Charles and Fred, who live at home. 
 
 Harvey C. Pound. Coming to Alontana in 1879 and 
 identifying himself with various large enterprises, the 
 business career of Harvey C. Pound, commissioner of 
 the LTnited States lands office at Big Timber, _ has been 
 one of marked success, while the signal service he has 
 rendered in official capacities has been of inestimable 
 value to his state. From the time when, thirty years 
 ago, he was interested in a stage line running from 
 Alartinsdale to Forts Benton and Alaginnis, he has at 
 various times been engaged in ranching, stock rais- 
 ing and other lines of business activity, and in all his 
 operations has so conducted his affairs as to win and 
 retain the unqualified respect and esteem of the citizens 
 of his community. Air. Pound was born at Chippewa 
 Falls, Chippewa county, Wisconsin, September 6, i860, 
 and is a son of Albert E. and Elizabeth (Loomis) 
 Pound. 
 
 Albert E. Pound was born June 7. 1831. in Penn- 
 sylvania, received excellent educational advantages in 
 his native state, and there taught school for a number 
 of years. Later he removed to southern Wisconsin, 
 and subsequently to Chippewa Falls. Wisconsin, where 
 until 1876 he was prominently identified with large 
 lumbering ventures. In 1879 he came to Alartinsdale, 
 Alontana, where he was engaged in the sheep business, 
 but during the early, eighties went to Butte, where he 
 carried on a real estate business and also devoted some 
 attention to mining. In 1888 he located in Alissoula, 
 Alontana, where he is now living, being identified with 
 the Cobban Realty Company. In political matters he 
 is a stanch Republican, and while living in Chippewa 
 Falls was mayor of the city for two or three terms and 
 a member of the Wisconsin state legislature on two 
 occasions, in addition to acting in the capacity of post- 
 master. He had reached the thirty-second degree in 
 Alasonrvq and was identified with the Alilwaukee Con- 
 sistory. His wife, a native of New York, died in 1886. 
 having been the mother of five children, as follows : 
 Ida L., the wife of Charles T. Busha. living in Big 
 Timber: Harvey C. : Alice, the wife of A. S. Robert- 
 son, of Livingston; Thaddeus, deputy sheriff of Yellow- 
 stone county, and a resident of Billings ; and Alarj-, the 
 wife of George M. Hatch. 
 
 The education of Harvey C. Pound was secured in the 
 public schools of Chippewa Falls, and in 1879 he 
 came with his parents to Alontana, engaging in the 
 sheep business with his father six miles from Alartins- 
 dale, in the Alusselshell valley, and also, in 1881 and 
 1882, being his father's partner in the stage line running 
 from Alartinsdale to Fort Benton and Fort Alaginnis. 
 His father retired from these ventures during the early 
 eighties, but Harvey C. continued in the sheep, cattle 
 and horse business until 1894. In 1895 he came to Big 
 Timber and engaged in ranching for about two years 
 on Big Timber creek, six miles from the city, being 
 subsequently engaged for four or five years in the 
 livery business. From 1903 until 1909 he acted as 
 clerk of the district court, and since 1904 he has held 
 the appointment to the office of United States commis- 
 sioner, in addition to acting as justice of the peace. 
 The greater part of his attention is now devoted to the 
 real estate business, in which he is meeting with well- 
 deserved success. In political matters he is a Republi- 
 can, and his fraternal connection is with Big Timber 
 Lodge No. 25, Knights of Pythias. 
 
 On September 6, 1885. Air. Pound was married to 
 Aliss Alinna Robertson, who was born at Spencerville, 
 Ontario, Canada, daughter of George and Ellen (Stitt) 
 Robertson, natives of Ontario, the former of whom is 
 deceased. Airs. Pound was the third in order of birth 
 of her parents' seven children. She and her husband 
 have had nine children : George E., who married 
 
 Queena Davis and resides at Gig Harbor, Washington; 
 Samuel H. ; Grace R., the wife of C. J. Knox, of 
 Alanhattan; and Thaddeus, Hugh, Beth, Ralph, Nellie 
 and Alice. 
 
 To Air. Pound's well-directed efforts must be given 
 much of the credit for the development and advance- 
 ment of his section. He has ever maintained a lively 
 interest in the material prosperity of the county, where 
 he is well known and held in high esteem as a repre- 
 sentative citizen and able business man. 
 
 AI.vviie E. Burt, superintendent of the schools of 
 Silver Bow county, is a brilliant young woman whose 
 fifteen years’ experience as a teacher makes her particu- 
 larly fit for the important and responsible position of 
 which she is now incumbent. Holding advanced ideas 
 concerning educational methods of teaching, Aliss Burt 
 is introducing a system into the Silver Bow schools 
 which is proving of the most practical value in mak- 
 ing the school what it ever should be — a preparation 
 for the responsible duties which devolve upon every 
 individual after reaching maturity. Her course has 
 received the approval of the most progressive citizens 
 of Butte and she has enlisted the co-operation of her 
 teachers to such an extent that great harmony prevails 
 and the concerted action is attended with excellent re- 
 sults. 
 
 A native of Vermont, Aliss Burt was born at West- 
 phalia, that state, and she is a daughter of Phillip and 
 Alary A. (Bryant) Burt, both of whom were born in 
 England, the former in 1849 ^nd the latter in 1853. 
 The father immigrated to America at an early age and 
 after spending a number of years in Vermont, where 
 was solemnized his marriage to Alary A. Bryant, he 
 came to Butte, here engaging in a number of different 
 business enterprises until the time of his death, in 
 1903. Airs. Phillip Burt came to America as a child 
 with her parents and she was reared to maturity in 
 A^ermont. She was summoned to the life eternal at 
 Butte in 1907, at the age of fifty-four years. Air. and 
 Airs. Burt became the parents of five children, as fol- 
 lows : Alamie E. is the immediate subject of this 
 
 review; William, Sophie. Joseph, and Annie L. 
 
 Aliss Burt was a child at the time of her parents’ 
 removal to Butte, where she completed her educational 
 training. She was graduated in the Butte high school 
 as a member of the class of 1892. She gained her first 
 
1 100 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 pedagogic experience as a teacher in the Washington 
 school in Butte and in 1895 she was transferred to the 
 Centerville school, where she remained for a period 
 of four years, at the expiration of which she was made 
 principal of the Hobart school. One year later she ac- 
 cepted the position of principal of the Walkerville 
 school, remaining in that place for six years. Her 
 unbounded popularity as a teacher and principal made 
 her a successful candidate for the office of county su- 
 perintendent of schools in January, 1910, when she was 
 elected to that position on the Republican ticket. By 
 reason of her extensive experience as a teacher Miss 
 Burt is unusually competent as superintendent of the 
 Silver Bow schools and she is proving of great satis- 
 faction to her constituents. In religious matters Miss 
 Burt is a devout and active member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, to whose charities and good works 
 she is a most liberal contributor of her time and 
 means. She is popular amongst all classes of people, 
 is broad-minded and sincere in her views of life and 
 by her sunny, genial disposition has made friends of all 
 with whom she has come in contact. 
 
 John T. Smith, Jr. One of the leading legal firms 
 of Livingston, Montana, is that of John T. Smith & 
 Son, the senior member of which, John T. Smith, Jr., 
 in addition to being prominent in his profession and 
 in the public arena, has been identified with move- 
 ments of a progressive nature calculated to benefit his 
 city and state, and carries on extensive ranching 
 operations in Park county. He was born in Kirks- 
 ville, Adair county, Missouri, July 17, 1850, and be- 
 longs to a family of Montana pioneers. 
 
 Captain John T. Smith, his father, was born in 
 eastern Tennessee, February 25, 1813, and when fifteen 
 years of age removed to Howard county, Missouri, 
 with his parents, Josiah and Martha Smith, farming 
 people who spent the remainder of their lives there. 
 Captain John T. Smith was given the advantages of 
 a public school education, and as a young man engaged 
 in the general merchandise business at Kirksville, buy- 
 ing the stock of Jesse Kirk, the original merchant of 
 Kirksville and the man in whose honor the city was 
 named. In 1850 he sold his interests and went to 
 California overland as captain of an outfit of oxen, 
 which had a narrow escape from death on the plains. 
 After three months they arrived in San Franciseo, 
 where Mr. Smith engaged in the hotel business, but 
 after eighteen months, meeting with big success, started 
 for home by sailing vessel to the Isthmus, which was 
 crossed on foot, passage then being taken on a sailing 
 vessel for New York City, and the remainder of the 
 journe}' to Adair county, Missouri, being made by 
 rail and stage. Engaging in farming and stock raising, 
 Mr. Smith became one of the leading citizens of this 
 locality, being one of the. organizers of the State Bank 
 at Kirksville, Missouri, the successor of which is still 
 in existence, and president and cashier at different, 
 times up to 1864. He was a member of the Missouri 
 legislature when Sterling Price was governor, and in 
 political matters was a Democrat and a great admirer 
 and supporter of Stephen A. Douglas. Later he pre- 
 sided over the first Democratic convention of impor- 
 tance held at old Gallatin City. Largely through his 
 efforts George C. Swallow was made state geologist 
 of Missouri, he later becoming the incumbent of the 
 same office in Kansas. The advent of Captain Smith 
 in Montana is interestingly set forth in a narrative 
 prepared by him for publication in a magazine, and 
 which will, no doubt, prove interesting and instruc- 
 tive to those of the younger .generation, not only as 
 an illustration of the perils and hardships encountered 
 and overcome by the old pioneers, but also as a 
 paper of historical value. It read in part as follows : 
 
 “In the spring of 1864 I was residing at Kirksville, 
 Missouri, where I had lived for many years. The 
 animosities of the then pending Civil war had become 
 
 Intense, and many good and harmless citizens were 
 being called to their door-steps only to meet a volley 
 of musketry. My personal property had, to a great 
 extent, been confiscated, and being the only solvent 
 surety remaining upon the bond of a defaulting sheriff, 
 my real estate was practically tied up. My two old- 
 est sons were about the age for conscription and I 
 determined to leave the country and take them with 
 me. In May of that year a man by name of Alexander 
 Foster and myself prepared to go west. I had two 
 teams consisting each of a team of oxen and twQ 
 yokes of cows. A colored man named John, now liv- 
 ing in Helena, Montana, decided that he did not want 
 to be left behind, and so he, my two sons, Mancil and 
 Robert, and Porter Smith, a nephew,, and myself, 
 together with Foster, started for Nebraska City about 
 the middle of May, having no particular destination 
 beyond that place in view. At Nebraska City we found 
 many other refugees headed westward, and a company 
 was founded, of which I took command, and we pro- 
 ceeded on the old California route, over which I had 
 traveled in 1850, and struck the Platte river a little 
 below Fort Kearney. Having learned about this time 
 of the discovery of gold in Alder Gulch, near Virginia 
 City (then in Idaho Territory), we determined to 
 make for that place. We kept up the Platte river to 
 the last crossing of the North Platte at Renshaw’^ 
 bridge, where I first met Captain Bozeman, who had 
 formed a company with the purpose of viewing the 
 route east of the Big Horn mountains to Idaho, and in 
 which enterprise he was to receive five dollars for 
 each wagon in his company. 
 
 “Bozeman’s train was to start the next morning and 
 he invited me to join him. I declined on account 
 of having to rest our teams a couple of days. I told 
 him, however, that I thought I would pull in on his 
 trail when we should renew our journey. On the third 
 morning after Bozeman’s departure, we took his trail 
 and were overtaken by Mich. Bozier, who pushed on 
 to Bozeman’s camp on Powder river that night and 
 informed him of our movements. Captain Bozeman 
 waited two days for us to come up, when he told me 
 he needed assistance in looking out the route and 
 that having heard that I was a good woodsman he 
 hoped I would join him, as he had no one who could be 
 of any assistance in his train, and besides he expected 
 trouble with the Indians. I declined this proposition, 
 for the reason that my men would not consent to pay 
 him five dollars each for pilotage. Captain Bozeman, 
 however, generously waived the stipend, but I told 
 him I thought his men might not feel satisfied with 
 such an arrangement or else might claim special privi- 
 leges ; and that we would avoid trouble and secure all 
 the benefits of union by traveling in supporting dis- 
 tance of each other and camping together at night. 
 This proposition was cheerfully acceded to, with the 
 further understanding that I should assist him in spy- 
 ing out the route. The next morning we moved out, 
 crossed Powder river and camped the second night 
 on Piney river, where Fort Phil Kearney was afterr 
 wards located, and had a man badly torn up by a bear. 
 Our journey for . some days was across a beautiful 
 country, dotted with buffalo as far as the eye could 
 reach, and crossing Goose creek. Tongue river, the 
 Muddy and the Little Big Horn, we reached the Big 
 Horn on the 4th of July, which the boys celebrated 
 by killing over one hundred buffalo. The next morn- 
 ing we crossed the Big Horn and took a northwestern 
 direction along the base of the mountain, crossing many 
 rushing mountain streams and beautiful vales until we 
 reached the Yellowstone at a point about two miles 
 below the present site of Billings. We traveled up 
 that river to Clarke’s Fork, and not being able to go 
 further along the south bank of the Yellowstone, we 
 turned our train up the Clarke’s Fork until we struck 
 the trail of that veteran pioneer, Jim Bridger, who had 
 passed through a few days before with a train which he 
 
JOHN T. SMITH AND FAMILY, 
 

 
 r 
 
 
 
 ■y 
 
 c 
 
 V ' 
 
 
 r ■, 
 
 • i ■• i 
 
 i 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1101 
 
 had brought through between the Wind river and the 
 Big Horn mountains. We were now out of danger of the 
 Indians and each traveled much to suit himself. We 
 came back on the Yellowstone below what is now Big 
 Timber some distance and crossed it a little below Hunt- 
 er’s Hot Springs, and at the mouth of Shield’s river 
 there was a general separation, some’going up the Yel- 
 lowstone to Emigrant Gulch. Bozeman, with a party, 
 went over the Jacob’s route, as it was then called, 
 but is now known as the Bozeman Pass. My detach- 
 ment went up the Shield’s river and followed Bridger’s 
 trail westward through Bridger’s canyon and came in to 
 the Gallatin valley at the place where Story’s mill 
 now stands. 
 
 “When we came in full view of the Gallatin valley 
 we felt that our long journey had not been in vain. 
 We passed on to Virginia City, where we found Alder 
 Gulch crowded with emigrants. Many men could not 
 find employment, although the gulch was then being 
 worked for six or eight miles in extent. Here we 
 got the history of the famous banditti and its extinction 
 by the Vigilantes in the preceding winter. I was shown 
 a lamp post where five of the road agents had been 
 hung at one time. I asked the landlord where I 
 stopped, where some of my valuables could be safely 
 deposited over night, and he told me to leave them in the 
 wagon on the street ; that my pocketbook would be 
 safe if left lying on the sidewalk. It has been said that 
 stealing is the result of a disease. If so the rope had 
 proven an effectual preventive in that large and mixed 
 settlement ! 
 
 “Capt. Bozeman had theretofore made very gracious 
 acknowledgments for my assistance rendered him on 
 the way out, and promised in recognition thereof to 
 accompany me to any part of the country I might de- 
 sire to visit, so after setting free my colored man, 
 John, and seeing him at work in a restaurant at five 
 dollars per day, Bozeman, Ellet, Rouse and myself, re- 
 turned to the Gallatin valley and went to Rouse’s ranch 
 on the East Gallatin river. I bought a ranch from 
 Rouse which had a cabin on it; and the price, fifty 
 dollars, was discharged by my sons working for him 
 ten days. Bozeman and Rouse went up the East Galla- 
 tin and located the town of Bozeman, and Capt. Boze- 
 man offered me a third interest in the town if I would 
 move there and give my influence for that point ; but as 
 I did not then believe the county seat would be located 
 there I declined the offer. 
 
 “The following winter I remained on my ranch and 
 enjoyed the splendid opportunities for hunting. The 
 valley was full of game and I killed a very large 
 grizzly bear, a moose and numbers of deer and antelope. 
 In the early spring, however, my bread stuff gave out 
 and as none could be obtained at any price I lived 
 without bread for six weeks. I bought a plow from 
 Joseph Bindley, now of Bozeman, for forty-five dol- 
 lars and went to farming. Paid seventy-five dollars for 
 five bushels of seed wheat, got a little seed oats and 
 barley, and raised a nice little crop in 1865. In the 
 meantime Gallatin county had been organized with 
 Gallatin City as the county seat. I had the honor to 
 preside over the deliberations of the first Democratic 
 convention ever held in the county. A little incident 
 occurred at the convention which I will relate. It 
 seemed that the people about the county seat had 
 formed a sort of combine to get the offices, and some 
 Republicans had been run in as delegates. A delegate 
 from Diamond City, by name of Head, formerly from 
 Arkansas, a lawyer gind an escaped military prisoner 
 from Douglas prison, Illinois, had discovered the trick 
 and arose, saying in a very emphatic and impressive 
 style : ‘Mr. Chairman, my constituents, sir, sent me 
 
 here as a Democrat to represent Democrats in a Dem- 
 ocratic convention. Sir, if I thought this were not a 
 strictly Democratic organization, I would immediately 
 withdraw. I have no blind side, sir, by which a Re- 
 publican can approach me.’ The sentiment was very 
 
 contagious and the convention was soon purged of 
 Republican representatives. 
 
 "In the fall of 1865 I left my two sons on the ranch 
 and took passage down the Yellowstone on the Mack- 
 inaw fleet, which started near Livingston’s present 
 townsite. It was a jolly fleet of fifty-five boats and on 
 the twenty-third day out we reached St. Joe, Missouri, 
 having rowed day and night throughout the journey, 
 whenever it could be done. In the spring of 1866 
 I conducted another train of emigrants en route to 
 Montana, and brought out a small herd of cows, and 
 in the following year sent my sons back to Missouri to 
 attend college. In 1868 I returned to Missouri via Fort 
 Benton and though greatly infatuated with Montana 
 and impressed with my opportunity to make a fortune 
 raising cattle, I determined to remain east and educate 
 my seven children, all of whom were of school age, 
 and in 1869 returned to Montana to close out my 
 affairs. My little herd of twenty cows had increased so 
 rapidly that they brought me $4,500. In 1876 one of 
 my daughters was married to Yard Cockrill and became 
 a resident of Gallatin county, and in 1879, my children 
 all being grown up, I came to the Gallatin valley to 
 spend the remainder of my life.’’ 
 
 The death of this old and honored pioneer closed 
 in his eighty-fourth year, June 29. 1896. Firm in the 
 faith of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, of which 
 he had been a member and elder for sixty-three years, 
 he met the end calmly and bravely, surrounded by his 
 children. His remains were interred beside those of 
 his wife in Dry Creek cemetery, but later the bodies of 
 both were removed by the children to the Bozeman 
 cemetery. Capt. John T. Smith was married at Pal- 
 myra, Missouri, May 20, 1844, to Sarah A. Goode, who 
 was born at Casey county, Kentucky, October 21, 1818, 
 and she died December 21, 1889. Of their eight chil- 
 dren, one died in infancy, while three still survive ; 
 John T., Jr.; Mashina, who married Vardeman Cock- 
 rill, deceased ; and Wilmoth, widow of David Richards. 
 
 John T. Smith, Jr., received his education in First 
 District State school, at Kirksville, Missouri, Mr. Bald- 
 win having been formerly the father of normal schools 
 in Indiana. He graduated in the class of 1872 and sub- 
 sequently had his first experience in the field of politics, 
 making a campaign for Mr. Baldwin, who was working 
 with the voters of Missouri for an appropriation for a 
 state normal school. This was entirely successful, the 
 state appropriating $100,000 for the school at Kirks- 
 ville, in which Mr. Smith took a full course of four 
 years. He graduated as the youngest man in his class, 
 and subsequently accepted an offer from the board of 
 regents, taking the chair of chemistry, geology and his- 
 tory, and taught for one year, fulfilling a promise he 
 had made the state during the time he was a student. 
 From early youth it had been his intention to follow a 
 professional career, and he accordingly took up the 
 study of law, being admitted to the bar in 1874, and 
 locating in practice in Butler, Missouri, from whence 
 in 1876 he was elected county attorney of Bates county 
 in 1876 and served one term. Resuming general prac- 
 tice, he so continued in But'er until 1890, when he came 
 to Livingston, Montana, and has since gained eminence 
 in the profession as senior member of the firm of John 
 T. Smith & Son. A stalwart Democrat in his political 
 views, he has always been active in the ranks of his 
 party, and in 1899-1900 served as mayor of Livingstpn. 
 He is the president of the Park County Bar Association, 
 of which he has served as president continuously since 
 its organization, and was one of the organizers of the 
 Eastern Montana Bar Association in 1905, and its presi- 
 dent ever since. In addition he belongs to the Mon- 
 tana State Bar Association. Butler Lodge, A. F. & A. 
 M., of Butler, Missouri, and Livingston Lodge No. 246, 
 B. P. O. E. He maintains^ well-appointed offices in the 
 National Park Bank building. In 1905 Mr. Smith en- 
 gaged in general ranching in Park county, and at this 
 time has 3,800 acres of land, and raises fine cattle. 
 
1102 
 
 HISTORY OF AIONTANA 
 
 horses ;ind hogs, and is owner of the famous saddle 
 horse •'Cadmus Chief,’’ and a part owner of the full- 
 blooded Percheron stallion “Xemenes.” 
 
 On September 7, 1877, Mr. Smith was married to 
 Miss Ida A. Jacobs, the fourth child of Dutton D. and 
 Elizabeth (Kirk) Jacobs, of Youngstown, Ohio, the 
 former of whom died in 1857, and the latter in 1902. 
 Mr. Jacobs was one of the pioneer merchants of 
 Youngstown, where iMrs. Smith was born. Three 
 children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, namely: 
 Kirk, who is superintendent of the ranch, was educated 
 in the State Agricultural College of Montana; Vard, 
 his father's partner in the firm of John T. Smith & 
 Son, received his legal education at the law department 
 of the University of Nebraska and was elected county 
 attorney of Park county m igi2 as a Democrat; and 
 Louise (ioode died in infancy. 
 
 John H. Cronin. The well-known and popular 
 county commissioner, John H. Cronin, was born in 
 Tipperary, Ireland, on April 18, 1852. His father, 
 Daniel Cronin, was born in the same place, and died 
 there when John H. was a boy. He married Mar- 
 garet Ryan, who also died in Ireland. 
 
 The boy attended school in Ireland, and at the age 
 of seventeen, came to America all alone. After land- 
 ing in New York, he made his way to Scott county, 
 Alinnesota, but remained there only a short time before 
 going to St. Paul. His stay here was for but a few 
 months, and then he removed to Marc[uette, Michigan, 
 where he worked in the mines. This was in the year 
 1870, and he remained there for three years. From 
 here he returned to New York, and thence went to 
 Pennsylvania where he secured employment in the coal 
 fields in Luzerne county. In 1877, Mr. Cronin went 
 back to Alichigan and thereafter his course was stead- 
 ily westward. From Michigan, he journeyed to Winni- 
 peg, and at last in 1879 came to Montana, to the in- 
 significant mining camp which then represented the 
 city of Putte. He went to work in the mines and has 
 ever since been a citizen of this community. He has 
 witnessed the rapid growth of the mining camp into 
 the leading city of a great commonwealth. Naturally 
 he has always taken the greatest interest in the admin- 
 istration of the city affairs and he has been prominent 
 in tbe political life of the place. 
 
 Mr. Cronin has always loyally supported the Dem- 
 ocratic party, and his popularity is attended by the 
 numerous times he has been called upon to fill various 
 offices in the gift of the voters. He has served as city 
 sanitary inspector under Alayor McCarthy and under 
 Mayor Davey. He was city jailer during Mayor Mul- 
 lens' administration, and at present he is serving as 
 county commissioner. 
 
 On April 16, 1895, Mr. Cronin was married to Miss 
 Hannah McCune, of Butte. Roth are members of the 
 Catholic church, and in that body, as well as in other 
 circles, they have a host of friends. 
 
 J\Ir. Cronin belongs to the Knights of Columbus, and 
 also to the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Few of 
 Butte’s citizens can muster a greater company of friends, 
 or lay claim to a more general respect, than Mr. Cronin. 
 Both as a public official and as a citizen and neighbor 
 he is accorded the tribute of the esteem and con- 
 fidence which he well deserves. 
 
 Hon. P,\ris Gibson. In the noble list of far-seeing 
 and enterprising men who have contributed to the de- 
 velopment of the great state of Montana, for more than 
 thirty years the name of Paris Gibson, the founder 
 of the city of Great Falls has stood foremost. Other 
 men of power and initiative have come and gone since 
 Air. Gibson found a home in Alontana, some to ad- 
 jacent sections and many have passed off the scene of 
 life, but in honored and venerable age, Mr. Gibson con- 
 tinues to be a factor in all the important affairs of the 
 city of which he is the acknowledged father and his 
 
 name is indissolubly linked with many of her most pros- 
 perous industries and activities. He was born at 
 
 Biownsfield, Alaine, in 1830. His paternal ancestor 
 was John Gibson, who was born in England in 1601 
 and arrived in Cambridge, Alassachusetts, in 1631, con- 
 tinuing to live there until the close of his life 
 aged ninety-three years. His maternal ancestor was 
 also of English birth. His name was James Howard 
 and the records of Duxbury, Alassachusetts, show that 
 he settled there in 1643. Samuel Floward, a descendant 
 of this James Howard, was a member of the famous 
 lea Party of 1773 - Grandfather Ploward served 
 as a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and Grandfather 
 Gibson took part in the French and Indian war. 
 
 Of military ancestry, Paris Gibson has also fought 
 many a battle during his long and eventful life, and 
 his conquests have been no less illustrious than those 
 of his forefathers, albeit won on the fields of peace. 
 After being graduated at Bowdoin College, in his 
 twenty-first year, he immediately took so prominent a 
 place in the public affairs of his section that in 1854 
 he was elected a member of the Alaine legislature. 
 Until 1858 he followed agricultural pursuits in his na- 
 tiye state, in the meanwhile becoming interested as a 
 wide-awake and enterprising young man, in the ex- 
 ploited business possibilities of the western country. In 
 the above year he located at Alinneapolis, that great 
 mill city of the present, where, in association with 
 William W. Eastman, he built the first merchant flour 
 mill and later the North Star Woolen Alills. He was 
 active in all the developing agencies of that city where 
 he continued to reside until 1879, when he came to 
 Alontana. _ His business vision was so clear that he 
 soon satisfied himself concerning the great agricultural 
 possibilities here as well as the value of the vast mineral 
 deposits, and the dream came to him of founding a 
 city in the midst of such natural richness, not to bear 
 his name but to become the happy home of thousands 
 of contented dwellers. After visiting the falls of the 
 A'lissouri he knew that he had found the site for his 
 city for here was the motive power that would turn the 
 wheels and bring certain prosperity. With business 
 shrewdness and uncommon foresight he secured the 
 locations of greatest importance as regarded the build- 
 ing of an industrial city and in 1883 he platted and 
 ■founded what is now Great Falls, Montana,, and 
 sliortly afterward succeeded in interesting James J. 
 Mill, the great railroad builder of the northwest, who 
 became his associate in the further development of this 
 I>lace. Although the dream of his manhood had thus 
 l)een visualized, Air. Gibson continued to watch and 
 foster the growth of the infant city and was the main 
 factor in tlie organization first of the village, in the 
 creation of the county, and later in the organizing of 
 the city. 
 
 While Senator Gilison has been more closely iden- 
 tified with Great Falls than any other city of Alontana, 
 liis business interests have not been confined here, while 
 his public efforts in behalf of the development of the 
 state for many years, have been so wide-spread and 
 lieneficial that his name is known from one end of it 
 to the other and his fellow-citizens have shown him 
 honor and appreciation. He was a member of the' con- 
 stitutional convention, was then elected to the state 
 senate to represent Cascade county, and in 1900 was 
 elected by the Alontana legislature to the United States 
 senate. All these positions and many others more 
 local, he has filled with honor and efficiency. He con- 
 tinues to watch with pride and feels a fostering care 
 over the still growing interests of his city and has been 
 constant in his contributions to its prosperity. On the 
 occasion of his eightieth birthday there assembled at the 
 New Park Hotel, in Great Falls, a representative gath- 
 ering from all over the state to do him honor. 
 
 In August. 1858, Senator Gibson was married at 
 Brownsfield, Alaine, to Aliss AHleria Goodenow Sweat, 
 who was born there, November 3, 1838, and died at 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1103 
 
 Great Falls, Montana, in August, 1900. Four children 
 were born to this union, two of whom are deceased. 
 The Surviving sons, Philip and Theodore, both reside 
 in Montana. Senator Gibson is a Unitarian in religious 
 belief and is president of the Great Falls Society of 
 Unitarians and is a trustee of this body. He is identi- 
 fied fraternally with the iMasons and the Elks, both at 
 Great Falls. He is a member of the Board of Com- 
 merce and belongs to the Electric and University clubs. 
 
 Lawrence K. Devlin. Northern Montana has no 
 more enterprising and public-spirited citizen than Law- 
 rence K. Devlin, the president of the Pioneer Meat 
 Company at Havre. He has been identified with this 
 section of the state for more than thirty years, and 
 has been an active factor in its development from the 
 primitive conditions which existed here at the time 
 of his arrival. 
 
 Mr. Devlin came to this region in 1879 to take charge 
 of the work of construction of Fort Assiniboine. He 
 was thus identified with this old outpost and frontier 
 settlement, and in this way first came to know and 
 take a personal part in the life and activities of this 
 part of I\Iontana. Mr. Devlin was born in Vermont, 
 in June, 1857, and during boyhood removed with his 
 parents to New York state, where he grew up and 
 received his education in the public schools. He con- 
 tinued with the contracting firm of Broadwater & Mc- 
 Culloch until 1894, when the firm was dissolved, and 
 in that year he located in Havre as one of the first 
 settlers of this then small town. He bought the inter- 
 est formerly owned by his old firm in the Pioneer 
 Meat Company of this place, and has since given this 
 enterprise the greater part of his energy and attention. 
 In 1906 the business was incorporated as the Pioneer 
 Meat Company, of which Mr. Devlin is president, 
 G. W. Brown, vice president, Frank B. Brown, sec- 
 retary, and H. P. Brown, treasurer, the latter gentle- 
 men being residents of Great Falls. This is one of the 
 large meat supply companies of the Northwest, and 
 has branch houses in several of the principal centers 
 of this state. Besides this position as the head of one 
 of the important commercial houses of the state, j\Ir. 
 Devlin has many other financial and vested interests 
 in Montana. 
 
 His father was Patrick Devlin, a native of Ireland, 
 who came from his native land to America during the 
 early forties. For some years he was engaged in the 
 marble business in Vermont, and from there moved to 
 New York, in which state he died in February, 1878. 
 Patrick Devlin was married in Vermont to Margaret 
 Kinsella, who was also born in Ireland, came to this 
 country when a girl, and is now living, at the age of 
 seventy-nine, at St. Paul, Minnesota. 
 
 On November 3, 1003, Mr. Devlin was married to 
 Miss Laura Lepper it Havre. Two children have 
 been born to them-.^Lawrence K., Jr., at Havre, on 
 February 2, 1905, and now attending school ; and Mar- 
 garet Mary, born in the same city, February 20, 1907. 
 The family residence is one of the handsomest in the 
 city of Havre. 
 
 There is no citizen more loyal to his state than iMr. 
 Devlin, and as he has been a large factor in business 
 enterprises so he has been active in civic affairs. His 
 work as a county commissioner of Chouteau county 
 during i8g6 to 1S98, when he put the fiscal affairs of 
 the county on a cash basis, is well remembered. He 
 also served as an alderman of Havre from 1902 to 1911. 
 and for eighteen years has been chairman of the school 
 trustees of the city. At the present time he is a deputy 
 of the State Bureau of Child and Animal Protection. 
 Politically he is a Democrat, is a member of the Cath- 
 olic cliurch. and affiliates with the Knights of Colum- 
 bus. For diversions from a busy career he has found 
 his chief pleasure in hunting and fishing. 
 
 T. N. Averill. Ranking high among the more useful 
 and valued members of the community in which he 
 resides is T, N. Averill, proprietor of the Tom' ns end 
 Star, the official paper of Broadwater county. For 
 nearly thirty years a resident of Townsend, he has been 
 actively identified with its growth and increasing pros- 
 perity, as time and opportunity have occurred lending 
 his energies to its advancement. A son of Robert 
 Averill, he was born, January 30, 1855, in Kalamazoo 
 county, Michigan, of substantial New England stock, 
 his immigrant ascestors having been the same as that 
 of General Averill, of Civil war fame. His grandfather 
 Averill migrated with his family from Vermont to 
 Michigan in the year 1800, journeying through the 
 dense wilderness with ox teams and on foot and settling 
 in the forest, becoming a pioneer of Kalamazoo county. 
 
 Growing to manhood in Michigan, T. N. Averill w’as 
 educated in the schools of Plainw'ell and Kalamazoo. 
 In the spring of 1876, but a few months before the 
 brave General Custer met his terrible fate in Big Hole 
 basin, he followed the "star of empire” westward to 
 Salt Lake City, Utah, w'here he lived and labored for 
 three years. In the spring of 1879 he came to Montana 
 to look about, and a short time later spent one season 
 in the Yellow Jacket country, in Idaho, prospecting in 
 the vicinity of Challis and Bonanza. Returning to 
 Montana early in 1880, Mr. Averill was for awhile 
 employed at various kinds of w'ork, in different places, 
 including Butte, Wickes, Jefferson City, and Helena. 
 
 In the summer of 1883 Mr. Averill located in Towm- 
 send, where he has since maintained a continuous resi- 
 dence. For many years thereafter he followed the 
 trades of a carpenter and contractor, in that capacity 
 erecting nearly all of the best residences built in Towm- 
 send prior to 1898. In that year he purchased the 
 Townsend Star, which indirectly took over all news- 
 papers of previous date, including the Townsend 
 Transient, the Messenger, and the Forum. Dur- 
 ing the fourteen years with wdiich Air. Averill has been 
 actively associated w'ith journalistic work, as owmer of 
 the Townsend Star, he has placed his paper on a 
 substantial basis among the leading newspapers of the 
 county, it being now the official journal. Mr. Averill 
 is a man of excellent business ability, and has acquired 
 property of value, owning real estate in Towmsend, and 
 mineral lands in Broadwater county. 
 
 A stanch and unsw'erving Democrat in politics. Air. 
 Averill has served almost continuously as mayor or 
 alderman since the incorporation of the towm, in the 
 early nineties, wdiile during political campaigns he 
 exerts great influence as a ready and popular stump 
 speaker. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent 
 Cirder of Odd Fellow's; of the Alodern Woodmen of 
 America; of the Knights of Pythias; of the Yeomen of 
 America; and of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, 
 of which he was grand master in 1897, during a 
 part of that year traveled in its interests, delivering 
 public addresses in many places. 
 
 Air. Averill married, December 29, 1881, Nellie Hale, 
 the ceremony being performed at the home of the bride, 
 in Oshtemo, Alichigan. Air. and Airs. Averill have four 
 daughters and one son. Tw'o of the daughters are 
 graduates of the Alontana LMiversity, and the son is 
 proprietor and manager of the Carbon County Jour- 
 nal, published at Red Lodge, Alontana. 
 
 John T. Athey. Fifty years of tense activity in 
 public and private life have marked the career of John 
 T. Athey and have won for him a solid and admirable 
 reputation for genuine worth and ability to accomplish 
 whatever he may set his hands to. Beginning the 
 business of real life at the age of eighteen, he fought 
 through the Civil w'ar as a Union soldier, followed by 
 a term of service in Custer's regiment ; since that 
 time he has been occupied in the main by government 
 positions, interspersed with rare occasions when he 
 engaged in private business ventures, and in all his 
 
1104 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 various connections with government service he has 
 performed most praiseworthy work. In 1904 he was 
 elected to the office of clerk of the supreme court, fill- 
 ing the office most creditably, and he was re-elected in 
 1910 to the same office, which he now holds. He has 
 been a valuable citizen from first to last, and has 
 never failed to fulfill his duty in that respect with the 
 utmost conscientiousness. 
 
 Born in Allegheny county, Maryland, February 14, 
 1843, John T. Athey is the son of Thomas and Mary 
 Athey, both natives of Maryland. Two sons and one 
 daughter were born to Thomas and Mary Athey, John 
 T. being the second born. The parents passed their 
 lives in their Maryland home, the father dying there in 
 1847 and the mother passing away in the year following, 
 leaving their three children to the care of strangers. 
 John was reared in the home of A. L. Withers, in Cum- 
 berland and was an attendant at the public schools of 
 the town in which he was reared, and in the Allegheny 
 County Academy. When he was eighteen years old he 
 left school and enlisted in the Sixth West Virginia In- 
 fantry, for service in the Civil war. He enlisted as a 
 private, but after four years of continuous service 
 emerged as a lieutenant. He was mustered out June 
 10, 1865, at Wheeling, West Virginia. In 1866 Lieu- 
 tenant Athey joined Custer’s Regiment, the Seventh U. 
 S. Cavalry, and fought throughout the period of the 
 Indian disturbances. He was mustered out of the 
 service November i, 1870, after having participated in 
 every engagement with his regiment, but escaping in- 
 jury at any time. 
 
 In 1871 Mr. Athey engaged in service in the Sur- 
 veyor General’s office at Lawrence, Kansas, and he 
 served there and in the Chief Engineer’s office in Fort 
 Leavenworth, Kansas until 1874, in which year he was 
 appointed post trader at Fort Sully, receiving his 
 appointment from the secretary of war and serving for 
 three years in a manner highly creditable to himself 
 and all concerned. He first came to Montana in the 
 spring of 1879 and settled at Fort Benton and was 
 then engaged as clerk in the merchandise business for 
 C. T. Bowes & Brothers at Fort Walsh, North West- 
 ern Territory. In the fall of 1880 he went with Broad- 
 water & McNamara as bookkeeper at Fort Maginnis 
 and remained there until 1884, when he went to Sun 
 River Crossing and took charge of a bankrupt stock 
 of George Steele. He remained there until 1890, 
 then removing to Armington, where he became man- 
 ager for the store owned by Mr. Broadwater. He con- 
 tinued thus until 1896. when he was elected clerk of 
 the district court of Cascade county, Montana, and in 
 1900 was re-elected to that office. The ne.xt public 
 office of which he became the incumbent was that of 
 clerk of the supreme court, which came in 1904, and 
 in 1910 he was re-elected to the office, — an example of 
 the fitness of the little witticism of the late Governor 
 Johnson of Minnesota that “one good term deserves 
 another.’’ Mr. Athey is still filling that office, with 
 a high degree of efficiency and general satisfaction. 
 While a resident of Cascade county Mr. Athey served 
 as a member of the school board for three years, and 
 during his connection with that body was regarded as 
 one of the most capable members of the board. He has 
 always been a Republican in his political faith, and cast 
 his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, since 
 which time he has been an ardent supporter of the 
 party and has ever been active in political circles. 
 Fraternally Mr. Athey is affiliated with the Masonic 
 Order, and is a member of the blue lodge, chapter and 
 commandery. He has held two chairs in the blue 
 lodge and chapter and all chairs in the commandery. 
 His connection with the blue lodge and commandery 
 is at Great Falls. Montana, and he is affiliated with 
 the chapter at Sioux City, Iowa. He is a member of 
 the Lambs Club and is an attendant of the Episcopal 
 church. Mr. Athey has always been of a studious na- 
 ture and is particularly fond of the best literature. 
 
 with which he is thoroughly conversant. He has always 
 been a. nature lover and has found much in the beauties 
 of the western country to gratify that inclination. 
 
 Mr. Athey was married on October 29, 1872 at 
 Leavenworth, Kansas, to Miss Katie De Sanno Clark, 
 the daughter of Hartford Clark, a native of Rhode Is- 
 land. Two children have been born to them; Harry 
 R., born in Sioux City, Iowa, December 20, 1878, now 
 a resident of Helena, and Lulu B., born at Fort Magin- 
 nis, Montana; both are unmarried. 
 
 Leslie H. Hamilton. The automobile industry is 
 one which has grown with astounding rapidity during 
 the last decade, and many of the leading business men 
 of Montana have interested themselves in some branch 
 or another of the trade. One of the most prominent of 
 these, Leslie H. Hamilton, is the owner of the Stand- 
 ard Garage, at Great Falls, the largest establishment of 
 its kind in the state. Mr. Hamilton belongs to that 
 class _ of citizen, of which the west is justly proud. 
 Starting in life with little or no capital, he rapidly rose 
 to a position of importance in the sheep industry 
 through the exercise of persistent energy and natural 
 ability; and when he was ready to retire from that line 
 of activity displayed his versatility by achieving a pro- 
 portionate measure of success in the automobile busi- 
 ness. He was born December 6, 1852, at Marlboro, 
 Windham county, Vermont, and is a son of Joseph H. 
 and Abigail (Mather) Hamilton. 
 
 Joseph H. Hamilton was a representative of a ster- 
 ling old New England family, and spent his entire life 
 in the state of Vermont, being engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits up to the time of his death in 1900, when he 
 was seventy-two years of age. He married Abigail 
 Mather, daughter of Timothy and Abigail Mather, of 
 a prominent New England family, and she died in i860, 
 at the age of twenty-six years, having been the mother 
 of six children. Mr. Hamilton was again married, 
 having three sons by his second union. 
 
 Leslie H. Hamilton divided his boyhood between 
 the home farm and the district schools, and until of 
 age was engaged in agricultural pursuits. He then 
 spent three and one-half years at various occupations 
 in Vermont. In 1878 he went further west to Nevada, 
 where he received his introduction to the business of 
 sheep raising, and in the fall of 1879 made his entrance 
 into Montana driving a band of sheep from Nevada to 
 Beaverhead county for the Hoppin Brothers. He was 
 employed by a Mr. Bazette in Beaverhead county dur- 
 ing that winter, and in 1880, in company with John 
 Stoutenberg and Albert Barney, located in the Judith 
 Basin, in Fergus county, where the Sage Creek sheep 
 ranch was established. In 1888 Mr. Hamilton pur- 
 chased the interests of Mr. Barney, and in 1886 Mr. 
 Stoutenberg sold his share in the firm to the Rev. 
 Jacob Mills of Helena, and Messrs. Mills and Hamil- 
 ton continued in partnership as the Sage Creek Sheep 
 Company until 1890, when it was made a corporation 
 under the same style. Mr. Hamilton was chosen presi- 
 dent, Mr. Mills vice-president, and Mrs. Hamilton, a 
 woman of exceptional business ability, secretary and 
 treasurer, and the firm subsequently became one of the 
 leading enterprises of Fergus county, owning upwards 
 of 10,000 acres of patented land, and running 30,000 
 head of sheep annually. In 1908, after he had devel- 
 oped from a poor sheep herder with a capital of but 
 $500 into one of the leading capitalists of his _ section, 
 Mr. Hamilton decided to take his family east in order 
 that his children might secure better educational ad- 
 vantages. Accordingly, he disposed of his great inter- 
 ests in sheep, cattle, and horses, and went to Boston, 
 Massachusetts, where he remained three years. In 
 1911 he returned to Montana and settled in Great 
 Falls, where he had in former years erected a hand- 
 some modern residence, bought a large amount of val- 
 uable property and built the Standard Garage, a three- 
 


 *• 
 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1105 
 
 story structure, with ample floor space and salesrooms 
 for several of the standard makes of machines, and 
 equipped with every appliance known to the trade. A 
 large force of experienced salesmen and expert me- 
 chanics is employed, and the venture has become the 
 leading enterprise of its kind in the state. Mr. Ham- 
 ilton is a director in the Lewistown Bank arid the 
 State Bank of Moore, and has numerous other invest- 
 ments. He is a Republican in his political views, but 
 has not desired public office. His religious faith is 
 that of the Congregational church. 
 
 On August 10, 1887, Mr. Hamilton was married to 
 Miss Lizzie Montgomery, at Sage Creek, in Judith 
 Basin, and flve children were born to this union, as 
 follows : Julia Bell, born February 6, 1890, a graduate 
 
 of LaSalle Seminary; Henry Montgomery, born De- 
 cember 6, 1892, a graduate of Dartmouth College, New 
 Hampshire, where he took a general course; Abigail 
 Mather, born in July, 1894, attending Vassar College; 
 Harley A., born in March, 1897, attending high school; 
 and Leslie H., Jr., a student in the public schools. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton has lost none of his love for out-door 
 occupations that in his youth laid the foundation for 
 his present excellent health. He may well lay claim 
 to the title “old-timer,” as his residence in Montana 
 dates back to the Indian days, and he can recall many 
 exciting experiences of the time when the Treasure 
 State was still in its infancy. On one occasion an 
 Indian horse thief attempted to steal one of Mr. Ham- 
 ilton’s animals, but was captured by Mr. Hamilton 
 and a friend, a Mr. Skelton. The Indian managed to 
 escape during the night without his clothes, although 
 the night was cold and there was a heavy covering of 
 snow on the ground, but returned the next day while 
 his former captors were absent from camp, equipped 
 himself with a suit and a new hat and was never seen 
 again by Mr. Hamilton. 
 
 Hawley J. Selway, well-to-do farmer and stockman 
 of Dillon, Beaverhead county, Montana, is a repre- 
 sentative of one of the early families of this county,, and 
 was born in Dillon on May 31, 1879. He is a son of 
 James and Eunice (Noble) Selway, who were pioneer 
 settlers of Montana. Hawley J. is one of the three 
 children of his parents. He received his education in 
 the schools of Dillon, being graduated from the high 
 school in May, 1899, and in 1900 took a business course 
 at the Wesleyan University at Helena, Since that time 
 he has been devoted to the ranching business. Mr. 
 Selway has a ranch on Horse Prairie of some twenty- 
 seven hundred acres, which is the scene of large and 
 profitable operations in the stock business, his sales in 
 the year 1912 from the ranch aggregating about nine 
 hundred head of cattle and one hundred horses. He 
 is also devoting some attention to the matter of draft 
 horses and cattle, _ and is the owner of a blooded 
 Belgian stallion weighing twenty-two hundred pounds, 
 which is said to be the heaviest horse in Beaverhead 
 county. In addition to his property on Horse Prairie, 
 he owns a half interest in a four hundred and forty- 
 acre ranch near Dillon, as well as a considerable prop- 
 erty in the city. ^ Mr. Selway is secretary-treasurer of 
 the Horse Prairie Reservoir Association, and has al- 
 ways done his full share in the promotion of every 
 movement which he has reason to believe will result 
 in the ultimate good of Beaverhead county. Mr. Sel- 
 way is_a Republican, and he is a member and stockholder 
 and director of the Beaverhead Club. He is also a 
 member of the Beaverhead County Fair Association and 
 stock holder. His fraternal connections are repre- 
 sented by his membership in the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows, in 'which he is a member of Apollo Lodge 
 No. 15. Independent Order of Dillon Encampment No. 
 9, and Lodge No. 9511 of the Modern Woodmen of 
 America. 
 
 On April 10, 1901, Mr. Selway married Miss Lovilla 
 
 Hughes, the daughter of James and Sarah E. Hughes, 
 of Centerville, Iowa, where 5 Irs. Selway was born. 
 She came to Montana in her girlhood and has here 
 made her home ever since. Three children have been 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Selway, namely : Berthena, aged 
 ten years. Francis, nine years of age, and Ralph, now 
 aged five. 
 
 Alfred O. de Lorimiee. A splendid example of the 
 successful westerner — the man who by persistence, 
 optimism and good management rises from the meager- 
 ness of poverty to the distinctions of wealth, is Mr. 
 Alfred O. de Lorimier, whose name figures so promi- 
 nently in many of the most conspicuous enterprises of 
 Fort Benton and whose ability as well as his fortune 
 makes him an influential resident of the place. 
 
 Alfred Octave de Lorimier was the eighth son of his 
 parents, who in giving him his middle name. Octave, 
 commemorated his place among their children, who ul- 
 timately numbered eighteen. Mr. Lorimier’s father was 
 a native of Canada and was named George Anthony 
 Lorimier. He was for many years a government agent 
 for the Iroquois Indians, and his death occurred in Can- 
 ada at the age of fifty-eight. His wife, our subject’s 
 mother, was Marie Louise McCumber and was of 
 Scotch parentage and Canadian birth. 
 
 Alfred de Lorimier’s education was pursued in the 
 private schools of Lachine, near Montreal. At the age 
 of eighteen, having completed his academic courses, he 
 left his home to begin the carving of his fortune. In 
 the city of Montreal he took a position as clerk at a 
 salary of $20 per month in the store of Henry Morgan 
 & Company, one of the leading mercantile firms of the 
 city at that time. He continued his connection with this 
 house for two years, living carefully and conserving his 
 pecuniary resources as far as was possible on a meager 
 salary and at the expenses always particularly high in a 
 metropolis. Like many thoughtful youths, he pondered 
 the advisability of trying other vocational experiments, 
 in the hope of getting something more lucrative. With 
 a cash capital of only fifty dollars, he arrived in Chicago 
 on the fourth of July, 1870. On investigating prospects 
 in an employment office, he was given a letter to a 
 farmer whose location was at some distance from the 
 city. Young de Lorimier made the journey, at a cost 
 of six of his carefully saved dollars. He was thereupon 
 informed that his services were not needed, and indeed 
 many other applicants were being turned away. But he 
 stood his ground, insisting on being given a place, and 
 his perseverance finally won. Throughout the season, 
 he toiled in the hay field, faithfully and laboriously, at 
 a salary of thirty dollars per month. He eventually re- 
 turned to his work as a store salesman, being employed 
 by Twohey Brothers, for whom he worked for eight 
 years, and for John B. Farwell of Chicago, about one 
 year. 
 
 In 1879 Mr. de Lorimier left the city by the lake and 
 came to Fort Benton, with which place he has ever 
 since been closely connected in increasing capacities. 
 His first position here was in the mercantile establish- 
 ment of T. C. Power & Brothers, where he held a 
 position as manager of the dry goods department. 
 After continuing this association for two years he 
 formed a partnership with William Baker, the firm be- 
 ing known as Baker & de Lorimier. Their business, 
 which was exclusive dry goods, they presently extended 
 to White Sulphur Springs, where our subject had 
 charge of its administration. After two years he sold 
 his interest in both places and returned to Fort Benton. 
 His outside interests were gradually broadening, and he 
 accepted a clerkship with T. C. Power & Company, 
 Limited. For eighteen years he continued in this ca- 
 pacity, during the latter part of that time serving as 
 manager of the store. Two years ago he retired from 
 active mercantile service, and has since limited his in- 
 terests chiefly to his many investments. 
 
IKK) 
 
 HISTORY OF :montana 
 
 lilr. de Lorimier has so wisely husbanded his capital 
 and so judiciously invested it that he is now profitably 
 connected with a large number of Fort Benton’s lucra- 
 tive enterprises. He is a director and stockholder of 
 the Fort Benton Electric Light Company, and holds the 
 same relations to the O’Hannon Land & Live Stock 
 Company. He is a stockholder in the Montana Inter- 
 state Telephone Company; in the New World Life In- 
 surance Company; in the Montana Life Insurance Com- 
 pany, and is a director in the Shonkin Stock Association. 
 He also has extensive interests as a stock raiser. In 
 addition to all these business concerns, he has always 
 taken an active interest in municipal affairs and has 
 served as alderman for two terms. His political alliance 
 is with the Democratic party. 
 
 In April, 1899, Mr. de Lorimier was united in life's 
 most sacred bond with Miss Jeanne Marie Gonin. She 
 is a native of Lyons, France, and had come to Fort 
 Benton at the age of twelve with her widowed mother, 
 who afterward died here. The children of Mr. and 
 Mrs. de Lorimier are two: Marguerite, who was born 
 March 3, 1900, and Alexander, whose birth occurred 
 on October 15, 1901. Mr. Lorimier’s religious affilia- 
 tions are with the Roman Catholic church. 
 
 John V.vlentine C.\rroll. In the person of Dr, 
 John V. Carroll, of Fort Benton, Montana, is to be 
 found the splendid combination of the practical mind 
 of the man of business with the observant and logical 
 mind of the professional man. Equipped with a 
 thorough education, a student by nature, with an in- 
 born love for his profession, it is not surprising that 
 he was successful as a physician. He, however, had a 
 mind whose dominant quality was an all-absorbing 
 interest in everything. This type of man as a rule 
 does not succeed in life, for this is the day of special- 
 ization, when a man must devote himself solely to 
 one line of work, almost to one line of thought in order 
 to surpass his neighbor in the race for the golden 
 apple of success. The doctor is one of the most promi- 
 nent men in Fort Benton, and both in this town and in 
 other parts of Montana has taken an active hand in 
 organizing and developing enterprises that have added 
 much to the prosperity of Montana. 
 
 John Valentine Carroll was born in New York City, 
 on the 14th of February, 1854. He was the son of 
 James Carroll, who was a native of Ireland, and had 
 come to New York in 1846. He was by trade a mer- 
 chant tailor and was an officer in the old Ninth New 
 York Militia, an Irish brigade, which later became the 
 Sixty-ninth, and during the visit of the Prince of Wales 
 to this country, it was found necessary to put the whole 
 regiment under arrest for refusing to parade in the 
 Prince’s honor. James Carroll was married to Mary 
 B. Welsh, in New York City, in 1853. She was a 
 native of Ireland and died in 1888, at the age of fifty. 
 James Carroll was sixty-three when he died on the 
 13th of August, 1888. John Carroll thus lost both 
 father and mother within a short time of each other. 
 He was one of five children, but he was the only one 
 who lived, the others all dying in infancy. 
 
 The education which John Carroll obtained was begun 
 in the public schools of New York City, and was fol- 
 lowed by a year spent at historic old Washington and 
 Lee University at Lexington, Virginia. He then spent 
 a year at St. Francis Xavier LTniversity in New York 
 City. From 1879 to 1886 Dr. Carroll lived in Montana, 
 and although he had not been graduated from a med- 
 ical school, the need for physicians was so great that 
 he had been practicing medicine during this time by 
 special permission of the secretary of war. What 
 medical work he had taken had been in the Medical 
 Department of the College of New York, and he 
 returned here to take his degree, which he received 
 on the 19th of March, 1886. He spent the year sub- 
 sequent to his graduation in the Asylum for the In- 
 
 sane in New York City, and then returned to take up 
 his work in the West. Fie returned to Fort Assin- 
 niboine, where he had been stationed and remained 
 here until the 19th of July, 1888, when he was ap- 
 pointed surgeon at Fort Belknap, and where he re- 
 mained in the government service until September 24, 
 1895. He then resigned from the service and spent 
 the next year at the University of Michigan, doing 
 graduate work. Doctor Carroll has enjoyed nothing 
 perhaps quite as much as his student days. Having a 
 taste for study, he has also enjoyed the peculiar charm 
 that hangs about any of the great universities. To a 
 man lacking that fondness for the strong, crude, force- 
 ful existence that was life in the West during those 
 early days it would seem that the doctor in turning 
 his back on the quiet culture and the atmosphere of 
 intellectual force, was making a great self sacrifice, 
 but the doctor did not feel it so. He believed in the 
 future of the West, and his faith has been more than 
 justified. 
 
 Upon his return he came to Fort Benton, and entered 
 private practice, upon which he was continuously 
 engaged until 1908. Some of the activities in which 
 Dr. Carroll has been engaged during this time are 
 as follows : He is president of the Benton Electric 
 
 Light Company, and also holds the same position in 
 the North Western Live Stock Company. He is vice- 
 president of the Benton Sheep Company and is in 
 active control of the corporation. Believing that the 
 town needed an opera house that would house good 
 attractions he has always been active in behalf of the 
 Baker opera house, and is president of the company. 
 For the past thirteen years he has been vice-president 
 of the Stockmen’s National Bank, and one of the 
 directors. He is a member of the firm of Mee & Car- 
 roll, raisers of cattle exclusively. Such a list as this 
 is indicative of the fact that he must possess unusual 
 business ability, but he has not contented himself with 
 devoting his time to his professional and business 
 affairs, but has found time to give to public affairs. 
 He is chairman of the board of school trustees, and 
 has been a member of the school board for the past 
 eight years. As one of the best educated men in the 
 section, his choice for this responsible position has 
 been fitting and he has done much to give Montana 
 the good reputation which she bears in educational 
 circles. He is also chairman of the board of county 
 commissioners. 
 
 Dr. Carroll was married at Fort Assinniboine, Mon- 
 tana, on the 22d of September, 1882, to Miss Martha 
 Simpson of St. Paul, daughter of a mining engineer. 
 Four children have been born to the doctor and his 
 wife. John V., Jr., was born on the 2d of May, 1884, 
 at Fort Assinniboine. He is now teller in the Stock- 
 men’s Bank, of Fort Benton. The only daughter, 
 Grace Mary Virginia Carroll was born on the 2d of 
 February, 1890, at Fort Belknap. Charles Simpson 
 Carroll was born on the 7th of June, 1895, at Fort 
 Belknap, and has been appointed to the Naval Academy 
 at Annapolis. James Alartin Carroll, the youngest, 
 was born at Fort Benton, on the 27th of June, 1899. 
 
 John AI. Brechbill. For a continuous period of 
 thirty-two years a resident of Missoula, and during the 
 vvliole of the time living an upright and estimable life 
 of commendable industry and usefulness,- John M. 
 Brechbill has fully demonstrated his right to the respect 
 and good will the people of the whole city and county of 
 his home have for him, and they have bestowed their 
 esteem upon him liberally, but only in proportion to his 
 worth. He has worked at his trade as a carpenter 
 here in a very acceptable manner, and is now in con- 
 stant demand as a superintendent of the construction of 
 buildings for their owners, in which capacity his services 
 are highly valued. 
 
 Mr. Brechbill is a native of Oskaloosa, Iowa, where 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1107 
 
 he was born on October 9, 1862. His father, Samuel 
 Luther Brechbill, was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 
 and, when he was nineteen years of age, moved with his 
 parents to Calloway county, Missouri. He was married 
 there a few years later to Miss Louisa A. Freeman, and 
 soon after his marriage changed his residence to Oska- 
 loosa, Iowa, where he was engaged in farming until 
 1879. He then came to Montana and selected a ranch 
 for the future home of himself and his family in the Bit- 
 ter Root valley two miles from Stevensville. Before he 
 could move his family to the ranch, and on the eve of 
 his doing so, his wife was taken ill and died in Mis- 
 souri. The father, however, brought the children he had 
 at home to the ranch he had selected, and they all lo- 
 cated on it. The father died there in March, 1911. Dur- 
 ing the Civil war he served four years in the Confed- 
 erate army. 
 
 John M. Brechbill secured some education in the com- 
 mon schools of Missouri and then learned the carpen- 
 ter trade. He came to Butte in 1879, but after a stay 
 of a few months returned to his Missouri home. The 
 next year he came again to Montana, and this time lo- 
 cated in Missoula, where he has resided ever since. For 
 some years he worked at his trade exclusively, but in 
 1896 added setting up machinery, such as mills, concen- 
 trators and the like, to his w'ork, and was kept busy at 
 both lines of effort as long as he chose to follow them. 
 In time, however, he grew weary of both, and deter- 
 mined to confine himself to another department of labor, 
 for which he believed there was a good opening, if not 
 a pressing need. 
 
 In 1904 he took up the work of superintending the 
 construction work in the erection of buildings, and since 
 then he has devoted his time and energies wholly to 
 that. He has superintended the construction of some 
 of the most costly and imposing buildings in the city 
 and county of Missoula, among them the county court 
 house, Montana block. Masonic temple, the Elks’ hall, 
 many private residences of the better class and nearly 
 all of the public school buildings. In each case he was 
 employed by the persons or authorities for whom the 
 buildings were being erected, and his work and its re- 
 sults have been so satisfactory that he has been in con- 
 stant demand for his services in this respect. In 1912 
 he was made chief inspector of all paving and cement 
 work for the city of Missoula by the city commissioner 
 for the commission form of government. 
 
 On June ii, 1884, Mr. Brechbill was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Ella Silverthorn, a native of Montana, 
 and the daughter of John Silverthorn, native of Penn- 
 sylvania but all old residents of Montana. Three chil- 
 dren have blessed the union and brightened the home 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Brechbill ; Eunice Holliday, whose 
 life began on August 8, 1889; Samuel C., who was born 
 on March 20, 1891 ; and Richard Etta, who came into 
 being on January ii, 1897. They are all living. 
 
 Mr. Brechbill is a Freemason of the thirty-second de- 
 gree in the Scottish rite, and also has all the degrees 
 of the York rite, and is besides a Noble of the Mysfic 
 Shrine. He is a Republican in politics but not a narrow 
 or hide-bound partisan, as in local affairs he always has 
 in mind the welfare of his community and votes for 
 the candidates he considers best fitted and most likely 
 to promote it. This he does without regard to personal 
 or party considerations, and from a sense of duty to 
 the public. 
 
 For the progress and improvement of the city and 
 county of his home he has always been earnestly and 
 effectively active, and his efforts have been guided by 
 intelligence and ruled by judgment. He does not sup- 
 port every project that is proposed, but when he is 
 convinced of the value of any his aid is freely and cheer- 
 fully given, and it is at all times considerable in amount 
 and usefulness. He is well known throughout the county 
 and^in ^ll^parts of it is esteemed in high degree for his 
 
 sterling worth and many estimable qualities as a man 
 and citizen. 
 
 William Miller is one of the well-known men of this 
 section of the state of Montana, his connection with the 
 livery business in Dupuyer between the years of 1900 
 and igio giving him a wide range of acquaintance, and 
 a popularity that one might seek far to excel. In those 
 years he was also engaged in stock-raising, and in the 
 years previous as well. In 1910 Mr. Miller came to 
 Valier, where he once more engaged in the livery busi- 
 ness, and here, as in Dupuyer, his project has met with 
 marked favor with the public, and he is conducting a 
 flourishing and prosperous business. 
 
 Mr. IMiller was born in Sencalista, Canada, on July 
 4, 1866. He is the son of William and Jeannette Miller, 
 both natives of Scotland, who met and married in Can- 
 ada. In 1887 they removed to California. The father, 
 who followed farming as an occupation, died in Du- 
 puyer, Montana, in 1902, at the age of ninety-five, the 
 family having removed from California to Montana in 
 
 1879 2nd 18S0, the family coming through in an emi- 
 grant wagon from Reno, Nevada, to Missoula, Montana. 
 They remained in Missoula until 1890, in which year 
 they moved to Dupuyer. Eleven children were born 
 to these parents, William being the youngest of the 
 family. 
 
 He was eleven years old when the family removed 
 from their Canadian home to California, and such 
 schooling as he received was prior to that move. In 
 
 1880 the boy left home and when the family came to 
 Missoula he busied himself in farming and various other 
 ventures until 1890, in which year he came to Dupuyer 
 and engaged in stock-raising. He also homesteaded one 
 hundred and sixty acres of government land, which he 
 eventually acquired the title deed to, and he continued 
 with his ranching operations near Dupuyer until 1900. 
 In that year he extended his operations to include a 
 livery business, and for ten years he conducted a thriv- 
 ing livery in Dupuyer. In 1910 he severed his business 
 connection with that place and removed to Valier, 
 where he once more became established in a similar 
 business, and he has since continued thus. 
 
 _Mr. Miller has been a model citizen in all the years of 
 his residence in Montana, and has never shirked any 
 civic duty or responsibility, however slight. He served 
 as deputy sheriff of Teton county for four years, and 
 has always been active in Democratic circles. He has 
 acquired considerable city and county property, and is 
 regarded as one of the well-to-do men of the commu- 
 nity. He is a member of the Independent Order of 
 Odd Fellows of Valier lodge and of the Woodmen of 
 the World of Dupuyer. 
 
 Mr. Miller has been twice married. In 1894 he mar- 
 ried Miss Elvira Mitchell, the daughter of Sydney 
 Mitchell, of Missoula, an old pioneer rancher of that 
 place. They had three children, Hildreth Sydney, Eliza- 
 beth Dorothy and Elvira. Mrs. Miller died in 1899 2t 
 Dupuyer, and in 1900 Mr. Miller married Miss Myrtel 
 Rand, a daughter of George Rand of Wisconsin. Three 
 children have been born of this latter union, Rand, 
 Byron and Jean, the two latter of whom are deceased. 
 
 James M. Rhoades. Like many other successful 
 business men in different parts of .our bountiful land, 
 with its rich harvest of opportunity for the alert reaper 
 and even for the careful gleaner, and like hosts of pro- 
 fessional men among us, James M. Rhoades, one of 
 the most enterprising and successful real estate dealers 
 in Missoula, was born and reared on a farm, or at 
 least passed a large part of his boyhood and youth 
 on one. And like others of his kind, his rural life 
 gave him self-reliance and resourcefulness, with readi- 
 ness for emergencies as they come, and a comprehen- 
 sive sweep of vision that goes beyond the narrow con- 
 
1108 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ventionalities of life and takes in its essential princi- 
 ples, purposes and requirements. 
 
 Mr, Rhoades came into being in Cincinnati, Ohio, on 
 May 27, 1866. But, although he was born in a city, 
 liis parents, Josiah and Bessie (Ashford) Rhoades, 
 were farmers. They were Virginians by nativity and 
 moved from the Old Dominion to Ohio in 1864. There 
 the father is still living, and he is now nearly ninety 
 years old. Almost the whole of his life to the present 
 time (1912) has been passed on farms, and in his days 
 of activity he was one of the best farmers in the neigh- 
 borhood of his home, as he was always thorough in 
 all he did, and omitted no effort necessary on his part 
 to secure the best results and the greatest possible 
 returns for his labor. 
 
 His son James M. was reared on the farm and edu- 
 cated in the public schools. After leaving school he 
 passed two years in steamboating on the Ohio river, 
 and two years at sea in the merchant marine service. 
 In 1879 he came to Montana, arriving in August._ After 
 remaining a few months in Butte, he changed his resi- 
 dence to the eastern part of the state, where he was 
 variously engaged in the cattle industry until 1888. On 
 October 12 of that year he was married to Miss 
 Nelly Scott, a daughter of John Scott, a well-known 
 pioneer cattle man of that part of the state. 
 
 After his marriage Mr. Rhoades kept up his con- 
 nection with the cattle industry until 1894, when he 
 was elected county assessor of Dawson county for a 
 term of two years. In 1897 he was appointed receiver 
 of the United States land office at Miles (Tity by Presi- 
 dent McKinley, and in 1900 was reappointed to this 
 office by President Roosevelt. But he had wearied of 
 official life and longed for both a change of base and 
 a change of occupation. He therefore resigned his 
 office before the end of the year last mentioned, and 
 moved to Seattle, Washington, where he remained one 
 year. 
 
 From Seattle he came to Missoula in 1901 and entered 
 the real estate and insurance field in business, which 
 has proved to be entirely adapted to his taste and capac- 
 ity, and for which he has shown special aptitude of 
 a high order. He is now one of the niost successful 
 and popular men in the business in this part of the 
 country, being full of enterprise and energy in con- 
 nection with his trade, and far-seeing and well inforrned 
 concerning it and all its requisites, and having a genial, 
 whole-souled nature which makes it altogether enjoy- 
 able to have dealings with him. These qualities give 
 him a grasp of the business few men can get, and a 
 popularity in conducting it few ever win, here or 
 elsewhere. 
 
 In April, 1912, Mr. Rhoades was elected mayor of 
 Missoula under the commission form of government and 
 by a large majority. He has instituted many improve- 
 ments, including four miles of pavement, a new light- 
 ino' system, an up-to-date fire alarm system, and many 
 reforms. He is also general agent for the Missouri 
 State Life Insurance Company, his territory covering 
 the states of Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, and he 
 has a number of agents under him. 
 
 Mr. Rhoades has always been an active Republican 
 in politics and is devotedly attached to the principles 
 of his party. Fraternally he is a Freemason of the 
 Knight Templar degree and also a Noble of the Mys- 
 tic Shrine, and a prominent member of the Order of 
 Elks. He served as Exalted Ruler of Missoula lodge 
 in the latter order two years, and was chairman of 
 the building committee which erected its new hall, one 
 of the most complete, convenient and beautiful in 
 Montana. He and his wife are the parents of two 
 children, their daughter Bessie, and their son James. 
 
 Judge Fr.^ncis K. Armstrong. In the list of dis- 
 tinguished citizens who have made up the judiciary of 
 Montana, none has stood higher in the esteem and 
 
 confidence of the people than Judge Francis K. Arm- 
 strong, of Bozeman, who during a period of eleven 
 years rendered service of a high character to his state 
 and upheld the dignity and traditions of the Montana 
 bench. Judge Armstrong has served capably in other 
 official capacities, and for a number of years has also 
 identified himself with the financial interests of Boze- 
 man, being at this time a director in the National Bank 
 of Gallatin Valley, and in every relation of life has so 
 conducted his affairs that his record stands today 
 without a stain or blemish. He is a native of Rock- 
 ford, North Carolina, and was born March 6, 1849, a 
 son of Francis K. Armstrong, Sr., who was born in 
 Surry county. North Carolina, March 28, 1802. The 
 latter became a gentleman of great wealth and promi- 
 nence, owning a large hotel, plantation and much other 
 property in his native state, and was distinguished in 
 local politics, for several years being clerk of the 
 district court and holding other offices of trust and im- 
 portance. Financial reverses came, however, and with 
 them a desire to seek rest and recuperation amid the 
 more novel and exciting scenes of the far west. Ac- 
 cordingly, in the early fifties, he removed from North 
 Carolina and located in St. Joseph, Missouri, but later 
 went into Kansas and settled at Iowa Point, where his 
 death occurred in 1861, when he was sixty years of age. 
 He was a most excellent and honorable man, and was 
 loved for his m.anly qualities of mind and heart. The 
 mother of Judge Armstrong was Jerusha (Belt) Arm- 
 strong, also a native of North Carolina, who was born. 
 October 6, 1807, and died at Iowa Point, aged eighty- 
 two years. She was the mother of seven children, five 
 of whom are still living, and Francis K. is the only 
 one who adopted the profession of law. 
 
 Francis K. Armstrong was but twelve years of age 
 when his father died, but he immediately assumed the 
 responsibility of caring for his mother, and when he 
 could be spared from home attended the district schools. 
 Subsequently he became a student in the university at 
 Highland, Kansas, and after completing- his studies 
 there entered the law department of Columbia College, 
 Missouri, from which he was graduated with high 
 honors in 1875. He began the practice of law at Troy, 
 Kansas, and was later associated with Albert Perry, 
 this partnership continuing for two years, and in Janu- 
 ary, 1879, Mr. Armstrong came to Bozeman, Montana, 
 most of the year being passed in looking over the 
 ground. He then opened a law office and for a few 
 months associated himself with Col. Ira Pierce, and 
 when that professional relation was dissolved by the 
 death of Colonel Pierce, formed a copartnership with 
 Judge Llewellyn Augustus Luce. This was continued 
 for a brief period, when Judge Armstrong became 
 associated with Hon. Charles S. Hartman, which con- 
 tinued up to the time of the appointment of Judge 
 Armstrong to the bench, in 1891. In that year the 
 ninth judicial district for the state of Montana was 
 organized, and Judge Armstrong was appointed to fill 
 the office by Governor Toole, and was twice thereafter 
 elected to the position, in 1904 and 1908. In 1904, he 
 became one of the organizers of the National Bank of 
 Gallatin Valley, and has since been a director and 
 stockholder in that institution, recognized as one of the 
 most substantial banking houses in the state. 
 
 On December 27, 1881, Judge Armstrong was mar- 
 ried in Bozeman, to Miss Lora Lamme, a native of 
 St. Joseph, Missouri, and to this union there were born 
 three children, one of whom, Mabel, died at the age 
 of six years. Two daughters, Lena and Edith, survive. 
 Mrs. Armstrong’s father, Achilles Lamme, was a very 
 prominent citizen and early settler of Gallatin county, 
 who came to Montana in 1864 or 1865, and began 
 practice as a physician. In so new a country, how- 
 ever, there was but little business for a doctor, and he 
 soon turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, which 
 he continued up to the time of his death. At that 
 

 V.- 
 
 
 '.V ^ .. 
 
 } 
 
f 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1109 
 
 period he was the leading merchant of eastern Mon- 
 tana and prominently identified with the growth and 
 development of the state. Although in the strictest 
 sense a business man more than a politician, he served 
 one term in the Montana legislature. 
 
 Judge Armstrong has always taken an active interest 
 in the political affairs of the day, locally and otherwise. 
 He has not been an office seeker, but has considered it 
 his duty to assume the responsibilities that have been 
 thrust upon him. Bearing a reputation for the highest 
 integrity of character, he has held the confidence of all 
 classes, and in the various official capacities in which 
 he has served has fully vindicated the trust reposed 
 in him. At a time when Montana consisted of but 
 three judicial districts. Judge Armstrong served as 
 prosecuting attorney for one of them, with a deputy 
 in each of the counties comprising the district. He 
 also served as president of the territorial council, and 
 while a member of the legislature was speaker of the 
 house. At the first state convention he was nominated 
 for the supreme bench, but was defeated, although he 
 ran ahead of the ticket and failed of election by only 
 a small minority. In 1910 Gov. Edward Norris ap- 
 pointed him chairman of the board of commissioners 
 selected to find a site for the State Insane Asylum. 
 Politically he has worked and voted in the interest of 
 the Democratic party, and has never utilized his politi- 
 cal badge for dress parade purposes only. In the 
 language of some of his warmest supporters, “every 
 one knows where to find Francis K. Armstrong." He 
 is a man of commanding presence, kindly, yet digni- 
 fied and courteous to all. Since his retirement from the 
 bench. Judge Armstrong has devoted himself to look- 
 ing after his farming interests, his large land holdings 
 and his financial connections. Holding prestige as a 
 financier, with a record for public service that will 
 serve as an example worthy of emulation by those who 
 follow him in the high positions he has so ably filled, 
 and a man whose life both in public and private is an 
 open book. Judge Armstrong well merits the universal 
 esteem and respect in which he is held, and takes rank 
 with the men who have brought honor to the great 
 commonwealth of Montana. 
 
 Daniel Martin Crowley. The late Daniel Martin 
 Crowley was born in Brasier Falls, New York, on Jan- 
 uary 17, 1856, and was the son of John and Mary 
 (Hurley) Crowley, both natives of Ireland, who came 
 to America on their wedding tour and settled in the 
 town which later became the birthplace of their son, 
 the subject of this review. 
 
 John Crowley was a farmer by occupation and he 
 passed his life devoted to that industry. He and his 
 wife reared a family of nine children, of which number 
 Daniel M. was the third born. He remained on his 
 father’s farm to the age of nineteen years, attending 
 the common schools in the meantime, and in 1875 he 
 came west to Minnesota, where he found work in the 
 lumber woods of that state. For four years he was 
 variously occupied in iMinnesota, and in 1879 he came 
 to Montana and, in company with his brother, John, 
 ran a ranch near Townsend. In about 1881 he came to 
 the present site of Lewistown, then a mere camp, and 
 took up homestead claims. i\Ir. Crowley bears the dis- 
 tinction of having built the second frame building to be 
 reared in Lewistown. It is expected that this old land- 
 mark will soon be razed, to be replaced by a modern 
 brick block in 1913, according to the present plans. 
 
 Mr. Crowley was one of the few Alontana men who 
 made an unqualified success of the breeding of fast 
 horses, and from his strains Montana has furnished 
 some of the finest harness horses in the country, fine 
 driving horses being a specialty with him. He owned 
 several fine ranches in the state of Montana, although 
 he did not operate in cattle or sheep himself, and in 
 addition to holding part interests in numerous other 
 
 ranches, he was a heavy stockholder in the electric light 
 and telephone company. His holdings in the state were 
 on an immense scale, and he was regarded as one of 
 the financially substantial men of the state. He was 
 ever a man of importance in his community and dis- 
 trict. He was a Republican and a faithful worker in 
 me P^ty ranks, but though he was often urged to run. 
 tor office, he was never found willing to serve in that 
 way. At one time he served as deputy sheriff of the- 
 coLinty, but beyond that his public service did not ex- 
 tend, except m the way of his influence, which was al- 
 ways on the side of the right. He devoted himself al- 
 most e.xclusively to his private business interests, and 
 was one of the most popular men in Lewistown Fie 
 was a kind and generous man, known for his manv 
 deeds of benevolence and charity, and his memory is re'- 
 vered by many who have reason to remember him with 
 gratitude and affection. Mr. Crowley died on January 
 19, 1906 and It IS said that his was the most largely- 
 attended funeral that Lewistown ever witnessed 
 
 On August 23, 1898, Mr. Crowley was married to 
 Miss Annie E. Glancy, a daughter of John and Annie 
 (jlancvL John G ancy came to Montana with his family 
 in 1886 and settled m the Judith Basin, where he has 
 become one of the- successful cattle and ranch men of 
 rte county. The marriage of Mr. Crowley and Miss 
 Glancy occurred in Lewistown, and to them were born 
 Uvo sons: Charles J., now twelve years of age, and 
 
 Glancy D., aged ten, both of whom are attending school 
 in their home town. 
 
 Since the passing of her husband, Mrs. Crovvlev has 
 continued the management of the ranch properties left 
 by Mr. Crovvley, and has proven herself a most efficient 
 and capable business woman. Her home in Lewistown 
 recently built, is one of the handsomest places in the 
 «ty, and IS located at No. 204 Eighth avenue. Mrs 
 Crowley is a member of the Roman Catholic church as 
 was also her deceased husband. 
 
 Andrew Swaney, a good old pioneer in the wilds 
 ot Montana, came to this state in 1879 and he has been 
 a prominent and influential resident of Kalispell since 
 the founding of that place, in 1892., Mr, Swaney has 
 been the popular and efficient incumbent of a number 
 of prominent federal offices during his residence in 
 Montana and at the present time, in 1912, he is register 
 S ^i^f Lnited States land office. He has done a great 
 deal to advance the progress and improvement of this 
 section of the state and as a loyal and public-spirited 
 citizen he commands the unalloyed confidence and 
 esteem of all with whom he has come in contact 
 
 In A1 egheny county, Pennsylvania, in the year i860 
 ^curred the birth of Andrew Swaney, who is a son of 
 Hug-h and Cressala (Fulerton) Swaney, the former 
 of whom was born in Ohio and the latter in Ireland 
 the father came west in 1882 and located at Missoula 
 .Uontana, vvhere he maintained his headquarters as pub- 
 ic administrator of the county of Flathead, a position 
 he retained for a period of eighteen vears. He died Julv- 
 1912, at the venerable age of seventy-nine years', 
 rlis cherished and devoted wife, who came from her 
 native heath, the Isle of Erin, at the age of eighteen 
 years, to Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, where was 
 solemnized her marriage in Apri', 1859, passed to the 
 life eternal in 1898, aged sixtv-eight years. Mr and 
 :\irs. Swaney became the parents of eight children six 
 of whom are living, m 1912, and of whom Andrew was 
 the first born. 
 
 To the public schools of Pennsylvania, Andrew 
 Sw'anev is indebted for his rudimentary educational 
 training, which discipline was later effectively supple- 
 mented by a thorough course in the school of experi- 
 ence. In 1870, at the a.ge of nineteen years, he came 
 vvest on the Central Pacific Railroad, sojourning for a. 
 short time at Blackfoot. Idaho, whence he came to Mon- 
 tana by stage. For the ensuing four years he was in the 
 
1110 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 employ of Worden & Higgins, of the pioneer merchan- 
 dise house of Missoula, Montana, and in 1883 he came 
 to the Flathead valley, his original purpose being to 
 trade in this section with the Indians. He became so 
 favorably impressed with this country that he decided to 
 locate here and immediately settled at a point a mile 
 and a half from Kalispell on Ashley creek. When Kali- 
 spell was founded, in 1892, he came to this city and here 
 was United States commissioner untd 1893, when he 
 resigned that position in order to become deputy clerk 
 of the district court, which latter office he retained until 
 1894, whe!i he was elected clerk of the district court in 
 and for Flathead county, serving in such office until 
 the month of April, 1898, when he resigned and enlisted 
 in the first regiment of Montana volunteers. United 
 States of America, serving in the Philippines during the 
 Spanish-American war as first sergeant of Company H. 
 Mustered out as second lieutenant of said company, 
 he subseciucntly organized and was elected captain of 
 Company H, Second Regiment of Montana National 
 Guard, and later promoted to the office of major in 
 such command, subsequently resigning by reason of the 
 interference of his duties as register of the United 
 States land office at Kalispell, having been appointed 
 to the latter office on June 3, 1902. During this period 
 he was likewise engaged in farming and stock raising 
 in the vicinity of Kalispell. June 3, 1902, he was ap- 
 pointed register of the United States land office and 
 he has been the popular and efficient incumlient of that 
 position during the intervening years to the present 
 time, in 1912. He is a man of broad mind and gener- 
 ous impulses and he has implicit faith in the great 
 future of the Treasure state. 
 
 December 5, 1886, Mr. Swaney married Miss Mary 
 A. Foy, who was born and reared at Ogden, Utah, and 
 who is a daughter of John M. Foy. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Swaney have four children, whose names are here 
 entered in respective order of birth; Louis L., Alice E., 
 Charles II. and Alex G. * 
 
 In a social way Mr. Swaney is affiliated wdth the 
 time-honored Masonic order, in which he has passed 
 through the circle of the York Rite branch, being a 
 Knight Templar, and commander of Cyrene Command- 
 ery No. 10, and he is likewise affiliated with the Mod- 
 ern Woodmen of America and the Kalispell Club. In 
 politics he is a Progressive Republican. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Swaney are well known throughout Flathead county, 
 where their intimate friends are numbered by the score, 
 and their home is a center of most generous hospi- 
 tality. 
 
 George A. Roberts. ’Forty-niner, veteran of the Civil 
 war, sailor, pioneer and old-timer, and eventually suc- 
 cessful business man and highly esteemed citizen of 
 Billings, — such has been the career of George A. Rob- 
 erts, of No. 104 North Thirty-first street, who in spite 
 of his seventy-nine years, and the hardships and vicis- 
 situdes that have marked his life, is still in robust 
 health and evincing an active interest in all that is 
 taking place in his adopted city. The record of Mr. 
 Rolierts’ career reads like the pages from the pen of 
 a master writer of fiction, for the adventurous inclina- 
 tions of his earlier years led him into strange places 
 and thrilling experiences. Now, in the evening of his 
 life, retired from business worries and cares, he may 
 look back over years that have been usefully spent, 
 content in the knowledge that he stands pre-eminent 
 among those men wdio have braved the perils of the 
 new places and blazed the trail for future generations. 
 Mr, Roberts was born at Brunswick, Cumberland coun- 
 ty, Maine, December 17, 1833, and is a son of Thomas 
 and Murilla (Welch) Roberts, natives of the Pine Tree 
 state. 
 
 Thomas Roberts was a ship carpenter and sailor in 
 his younger days, but eventually entered the lumber 
 business, wdth which he was identified at the time of 
 
 his death, which occurred in 1886, when he was eighty- 
 ihree years of age. Until 1856 he was a Whig, and 
 in that year transferred his allegiance to the Republican 
 party and voted with that organization during the rest 
 of his life. He and his wife, wdio passed away in 
 Maine in 1879, had nine children, of whom three still 
 survive: George A. ; Helen, who is the widow of Wil- 
 resides in Boston, Massachusetts; and 
 Adelaide, the wife of B. L. Dennison, of Augusta 
 Maine. ’ 
 
 When George A. Roberts was only ten years of age 
 he went to Boston, but after two or three years in 
 that city returned to his native place and 'for the 
 period of several years worked in the drug store of 
 William Baker. Subsequently, he shipped on the “Gen- 
 A vessel, on which he went 
 
 to Mobile, Alabama, and later made a trip to Liverpool 
 England, eventually returning to New York City After 
 spending tvro or three years in Maine, the discovery 
 ot gold in California caused him to take passage on a 
 vessel boimd for San Francisco, in which city he ar- 
 rived in October, 1851, and there he was engaged in 
 mining until 1864, In that year he returned to his na- 
 tive state by the same route, and in February 1864 
 at Auburn, Maine, he enlisted in Company I ’ Four- 
 ffienth Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry,’ under 
 Colonel Bowlin, for service in the Civil war. His rem- 
 ment went first to Portland, Maine, and then to New 
 ,si'bsequently moving on to Hilton Head 
 iVorth Carolina, and Savannah, Georgia. They then 
 maixhed to Augusta, Georgia, but were ordered back 
 to Savannah, and were eventually mustered out of the 
 service at Dahlonega, Georgia. Mr. Roberts received 
 his honorable discharge at Augusta, Maine, and soon 
 thereafter became a sailor, following the sea as a voca- 
 tion until 1877. In that year, during the gold excite- 
 ment in the Black Hills, he joined a party that traveled 
 overland via Bismarck, Dakota, and there he engaged 
 in the restaurant business, but was unfortunate enough 
 to lose his business in the fire in 1879, and continued 
 overland to Miles ^ City, Montana, thence to Coulson, 
 and finally to Billings, as a member of the survey- 
 ing party of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Billings 
 at that time was but a tent town, there being only two 
 frame buildings in the course of erection. After ac- 
 companying the surveying party through to Fort Ben- 
 ton, Mr. Roberts severed his connection with the rail- 
 road_ company, and returned east to his native state 
 to^ visit his folks. After a short visit he returned to 
 Billings, which his foresight had told him was due to 
 become a large city, and here engaged in the restaurant 
 business until 1890, meeting with exceptional success. 
 In that year he removed to Gardiner, where he car- 
 ried on the same line of enterprise, and was later in 
 the general merchandise business for about four years, 
 but in 1900 retired from active life and returned to 
 Billings, and he is now living quietly at his home. No. 
 104 North Thirty-first street. 
 
 Mr. Roberts has been greatly interested in the work 
 of the Grand Army of the Republic, and he is now act- 
 ing as quartermaster of William McKinley Post No. 
 28. He has passed through the chairs of Rathbone 
 Lodge No. 28, Knights of Pythias, and is past com- 
 mander of the lodge. Politically he has always been a 
 stanch Republican. The various changes that have 
 transformed Billings from a tent town with a few 
 straggling settlers into one of the great commercial 
 centers of this part of the West have been witnessed bv 
 Mr. Roberts, who has taken an active part in the growth 
 and development of the city’s interests. As a business 
 man he bore the reputation of a man of integrity and 
 upright dealings, and he was respected by his busi- 
 ness associates and highly esteemed by a wide circle of 
 acquaintances. As a link connecting the pioneer past 
 with the realized present, Mr. Roberts is fully en- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1111 
 
 titled to a place among Billings' most representative 
 citizens. 
 
 A. D. Maynard. Another Poison citizen whose valu- 
 able life experience, as well as his broad knowledge of 
 western life makes him an important figure in his city 
 and county, is Judge Arthur D. Maynard. His educa- 
 tion, his practical intelligence, his sterling character and 
 his civic conscientiousness, all combine to make his 
 present office an appropriate one. Mr. Maynard’s in- 
 tellectual acquirements are such as befit his New Eng- 
 land origin, for he was born in Springfield, Massachu- 
 setts, on May 19, 1852, his parents being Daniel May- 
 nard, a native of Massachusetts and Rachel B. (Tay- 
 lor) Maynard, whose birth-place was in Vermont. 
 
 In 1862 Daniel Maynard moved with his family to 
 Minnesota, thence in eight years to Iowa, and again in 
 eight years to Montana, where he became one of Mon- 
 tana’s sturdy pioneers. A farmer of the most respected 
 and worthy class, he lived at Bozeman, Montana, until 
 in 1901 he laid down the responsibilities of earthly life 
 at seventy-two years of age, leaving a wife, the one son 
 and two daughters and all but one daughter still sur- 
 vive. His wife at the writing of this sketch (March, 
 1913) is living at Long Beach, California, where she 
 enjoys excellent health and retains a remarkable de- 
 gree of useful and enjoyable activity at eighty-four 
 years of age ; she was of the General Putnam stock of 
 New England origin. 
 
 Arthur D. Maynard was but ten years of age when 
 the family home was changed from Springfield to the 
 Minnesota town of Owatonna where his school life 
 was continued. He later attended the high school of 
 Dexter, Iowa, and soon began teaching in the western 
 part of the state, where he met Miss Anna M. Cook, 
 she being eighteen years of age ; they were married in 
 1874. During the ne.xt year both attended the Bap- 
 tist college, located in Des Aloines, Iowa, from which 
 institution he was honorably graduated in 1875. Hav- 
 ing been thus fully prepared Mr. Maynard pursued the 
 profession of teaching and civil engineering in various 
 parts of Iowa for twelve years, finally accepting a po- 
 sition in the graded schools of Bozeman, Montana, 
 where he wielded pedagogical influence during 1878- 
 1879. Plaving given many good years of his life to 
 the dissemination of book lore and to the western de- 
 velopments of the state, ]\Ir. Maynard yielded to the 
 lure of the fruitful soil and of the practical science of 
 civil engineering, some of which work now stands finan- 
 cially at the head of western developments in the state 
 where he now lives, chief of which w'as that he was one 
 of the principal promoters in the building of the great 
 Farmers Canal in Gallatin county, Montana, which 
 brings an annual revenue of more than a half million 
 dollars to the farmers of Gallatin county near Boze- 
 man. In addition to this he surveyed and mapped out 
 canals and reservoirs for the farmers of Yellowstone 
 county living along the Big Horn river near Hardin, 
 Montana, all of which are now built and are success- 
 fully operated, greatly to the advantage of the people 
 for irrigation purposes, in south eastern Montana. 
 
 After thirty useful and profitable years, spent chiefly 
 on his farm in Gallatin county and in civil engineering 
 throughout the state, he sold his property and located 
 in Poison. Here he was officially engaged as civil en- 
 gineer for the town and country, and afterward was ap- 
 pointed city engineer, which position he filled for nearly 
 two years, or until a lameness caused the sale of his 
 engineering office and his good-will to an employee. 
 But he had inspired such confidence that in igri he was 
 induced to accept the offices of iustice of the peace and 
 police judge of the city, which positions he still ac- 
 ceptably holds. 
 
 By no means the least creditable of Judge Maynard’s 
 achievements is his family. His estimable wife, whom 
 he married in 1874. was, as previously stated. Miss 
 Anna M. Cook of Onawa, Iowa ; seven children have 
 
 been given to them. Of the five sons, the eldest, Har- 
 lan Q., passed to the spirit world, just as he was en- 
 tering upon the strong, bright years of manhood, being 
 eighteen years of age when he died in Bozeman. Two 
 children were lent them only during the blossom time 
 of babyhood ; Meritt Arthur closed his eyes in the long 
 sleep at the age of twenty-one months, and his brother, 
 little Clement, lived but one year. Irving L., the old- 
 est living son, born in 1879, at Bozeman, is happily 
 settled in life, and lives with his wife and three little 
 daughters, not far from his parents’ home in Poison. 
 
 A younger son, Maurice W., who was educated at Boze- 
 man, bids fair to become an e.xample of that “noblest 
 work of God’’ — an educated farmer. For at twenty 
 years of age he is beginning his agricultural experi- 
 ments near Poison. Both daughters occupy worthy 
 stations in life; Edith L., born in 1887, was educated 
 in Bozeman. Gallatin County high school, and at the 
 State normal school at Dillon, Montana ; she is a suc- 
 cessful teacher at Poison. She is a graduate and 
 holds a state life diploma. Laura C., born in 1888, 
 was formerly a student of Gallatin County high school 
 and after graduating went to Wooster College, Ohio, 
 and also completed the State Normal school at Dillon ; 
 she is an adept in the school-room. She is the wife of 
 Professor J. H. Holst of Victor, in this state, their little 
 daughter. Rachel Anna, being the fourth in Judge 
 iMaynard's bouquet of grandchildren. 
 
 In the Republican party Mr. Maynard is counted a 
 stanch politician, though an unassuming one. In re- 
 ligious life he is a loyal supporter of the Presbyterian 
 church, though his religious sympathies are not nar- 
 rowed down to one sect. Among his other enviable 
 qualities, Jud.ge Maynard’s friends count him a capital 
 conversationalist. Flis life, notwithstanding the fact 
 that it has been so largely an intellectual one, has not 
 been without its thrilling adventures, including more 
 than one encounter with the Indians. But he is, above 
 all other things, a man of practical purpose, of broad 
 understanding and of superior judgment. These charac- 
 teristics have been displayed in his administration of 
 many important affairs, especially those related to his 
 office as a director of the Flathead County State Bank, 
 of which he was formerlv vice president. In this and 
 other capacities, he is well-known throughout this sec- 
 tion of the state, and is recognized as a prominent fac- 
 tor in its welfare and its progress. 
 
 Robert Aull Luke was born in Lexington, Lafay- 
 ette county, Missouri, and after attending the public 
 schools and Washington Lhiiversitv in the city of St. 
 Louis, where his father was in business. St. Louis 
 was his home until 1880. when he came to Montana, 
 makin.g the trip from Bismarck, North Dakota, to 
 Fort Benton by steamboat, that being a convenient 
 method of travel to this part of the northwest. Mr. 
 Luke settled at that place intending to engage in 
 stock raising, but the First National Bank of Fort 
 Benton being organized at that time he was appointed 
 cashier, which position he retained until 1885. when 
 he removed to Helena. Here he took up a different 
 line of business, that of general insurance, in which 
 he has been successful, and in 1893. during the closing 
 of many of the banks throughout the country, he was 
 appointed receiver for the First National Bank of Phil- 
 ipsburg, IMontana, which was a very prosperous mining 
 town in those times. In less than a year he had arranged 
 the bank’s affairs in such shape that it resumed its 
 operations, and during that period, as he retained and 
 operated his general insurance business at Helena, he 
 returned there and continued it. In 1905 Mr. Luke 
 disposed of his general insurance business at Helena 
 and has since been engaged as a general adjuster for 
 all of the principal fire insurance companies operating 
 in this and adjoining states throughout which he is well 
 and favorably known. 
 
1112 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 John VV. Luke, the father, was a native of Belfast, 
 Ireland, who came to America as a young man in the 
 middle of the last century. Making St. Louis his 
 home, and serving as pilot, captain and subsequently 
 owner of three or four steamboats operating upon the 
 Mississippi and Missouri rivers from St. Louis about 
 the time of the Civil war. Captain Luke had retired 
 from steamboating and engaged in the general mer- 
 cantile business at St. Louis. Through his steamboat- 
 ing days he had a large and extensive personal acquaint- 
 ance, and after many years' residence in St. Louis, dur- 
 ing which he had been prominent as a Mason, having 
 been grand secretary for the Masonic order for the 
 state of Missouri for several years and occupying other 
 e.xalted offices, in 1883, he retired from active business 
 at St. Louis and came to Fort Benton, making his 
 home with his son there till October, 1888. In that 
 year he died at the home of his daughter at Fort 
 Benton and his body was taken to St. Louis and in- 
 terred in Bellfountaine cemetery. His wife was Cather- 
 ine Wells Wilson of Steubenville, Ohio. Of the nine 
 children, only three are still living: Robert Aull Luke, 
 at Helena; John Wallace Luke, living at Birmingham, 
 Alabama; and Harry Lee Luke, residing at Seattle, 
 Washington. 
 
 Mr. Luke is a member of the Montana Club, and 
 almost qualified to be an old timer and in political 
 issues he supports the Democratic party, but is not 
 one who seeks political preferment for himself, while 
 in the world of business his methods have won him 
 the respect of all who deal with him. 
 
 Edward Marron. For a number of years one of the 
 leading cattlemen and horse raisers of Montana, the 
 late Edward Marron will be well remembered by the 
 older residents of Glendive, in which city he spent many 
 years of a long honorable career, and where his death 
 occurred June 8, 1898. He is recalled as a man of 
 great pulilic spirit, of willing charity, of tender sym- 
 pathy for those in trouble, and had a cheerful, optimis- 
 tic view of life that made him a welcome comrade in 
 any organization and a valued member of social bodies. 
 Edward Marron was born at Utica, New York, Sep- 
 . tember 12, 1857, and was four years of age when his 
 parents removed to Assumption, Illinois. There he at- 
 tended the public schools until he was sixteen years of 
 age, when, in 1876, a desire to see something of the 
 world led to his coming to the west as far as Dakota, 
 and subsequently to INIontana. For a young man of 
 energy and spirit this section presented many oppor- 
 tunities, and Mr. Marron had the enterprise to grasp 
 them. Prior to 1882 he spent the greater part of Ins 
 time in hunting buffalo, in 1883 becoming connected 
 with the large stock firm with which he remained until 
 his demise. He was manager for Hubbard & Sampson, 
 on their great ranch on Red Water, located sixty-five 
 miles northwest of Glendive, and in this connection, as 
 in others, he became one of the best known men in 
 eastern Montana. Political honors were often ten- 
 dered him by the Republican party, but he steadfastly 
 refused to enter into politics. He was an active and 
 successful business man and a noble and upright citi- 
 zen. He was of robust appearance, and with the excep- 
 tion of what was supposed to an occasional attack of 
 heart affection, was in excellent health. For this reason 
 his sudden death prostrated his family and brought 
 grief to a wide circle of friends and admirers. Mr. 
 Marron was a popular member of the exclusive Glen- 
 dive Club. 
 
 On December 27, 1884. Mr. Marron was united in 
 marriage with Miss Grace V. Rendon, daughter of 
 Nathaniel and Mary C. (McCoy) Bendon. the former 
 horn in Stark county, Ohio, and the latter in Missouri. 
 From Ohio Mr. Bendon moved to Minnesota, and from 
 there to Dakota, still later coming to Montana and 
 settling in Glendive. On December 25. T903, Mrs. Mar- 
 
 ron was married to James W. Gilmore, who was born 
 at Fairlee, Vermont, February 3, 1836. In 1880 Mr. 
 Gdmore, with his first wife and their three children, 
 came up the Missouri river to Fort Benton, and from 
 there traveled overland to Helena, Montana. At a 
 later date_ Mr. Gilmore located in Dawson county, and 
 was the first man to enter into the sheep business here 
 and made it a decided success. He retired from active 
 business, one of Glendive’s most respected citizens, in 
 1906, and died at his home in Glendive, February 23, 
 1912, his burial taking place at Reading, Massachusetts. 
 Mrs. Gilmore, who still survives and lives in the com- 
 fortable home in Glendive, is one of the city’s oldest 
 and most highly esteemed residents. She has many 
 friends throughout this section, and holds a prominent 
 position in church and social circles. 
 
 William L. Swendeman. The career of Mr. Swen- 
 deman has conformed to the changing tastes in loco- 
 motion of the ever advancing American people. From 
 bicycles the transition to automobiles was easy, and per- 
 haps in the not very distant future he may handle the 
 latest models of flying machines and be prepared to 
 supply skilled aviators to drive them. Certainly his 
 success in the lines of vehicles he has thus far handled 
 would justify confidence in his branching out into the 
 newest line of space destroyers. 
 
 Born in Minneapolis on August 21, 1872, Mr. Swende- 
 inan came to Helena with his parents in time to obtain 
 the most of his public education in this city. After 
 working at different occupations, he decided to learn a 
 trade, and so went into the establishment of Lang & 
 Company, tinsmiths and sheetmetal workers. He 
 mastered this trade, and worked for the firm from 1888 
 until 1893. 
 
 When Mr Swendeman left Lang & Company, he 
 secured a position with a bicycle manufacturing concern, 
 and for a number of years he followed this occupation 
 in various parts of the country. During this period he 
 became known as a bicycle rider of skill and speed, 
 and from 1888 to 1893 held the championship of Mon- 
 tana. As visible signs and tokens of his prowess in this 
 art, Mr. Swendeman has a number of medals won in 
 different contests. In 1895 he returned to Helena and 
 engaged in the bicycle business there. At that period 
 all the world was awheel, and not to ride was to be 
 practically excluded not merely from society, but even 
 from conversation. Mr. Swendeman reaped the benefits 
 of this penchant for wheeling, as he had a first-class 
 establishment. He finally sold out to engage in the 
 automobile business, when the popularity of the bicycle 
 began to wane. He conducts this business with the 
 same address and initiative which marked his earlier 
 venture, and he has the exclusive agency for several 
 popular models. These include the Franklin and the 
 Peerless. The company is now incorporated, and Mr. 
 Swendeman is its president. 
 
 Mr. Swendeman might have inherited his taste for 
 machinery and mechanics, as his father was experienced 
 in those lines. Sanfield Swendeman was born in Ger- 
 many in 1842. He came to America with his parents 
 at the age of seven and was educated in Minneapolis. 
 He became a contractor and millwright, and in 1880, 
 when he came to Helena, held the position of foreman in 
 W. Reynolds’ machine works. Pie died in Plelena in 
 1883, and is buried here. Pie was married at Akron, 
 Ohio, to Miss Lizzie Baum, who was born in Cleveland 
 in 1851. She is now a resident of Helena. 
 
 The Elks’ lodge is the only society to which Mr. 
 Swendeman belongs. His political sympathies are with 
 the Democratic party. He and Mrs. Swendeman are 
 members of the Congregational church, and liberal sup- 
 porters of all its departments of work. Mrs. Swende- 
 man’s maiden name was Mable Buckner, and she relin- 
 quished it in favor of Swendeman on November 16, 
 1898, at Battle Creek, Michigan. The only child, Wil- 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1113 
 
 liam L., Jr., died before he reached his second birthday. 
 His little life began on September 5, 1908, and was 
 ended on July 20, 1910. This bereavement is the deep- 
 est sorrow in the happy and prosperous life of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Swendeman. The success which he enjoys is the 
 fruit of Mr. Svvendeman’s own work and ability. He 
 knows the pleasures of friendship, and is sought after 
 by those who like congenial company, and few of the 
 good things of life have been denied him, as the 
 deserved rewards of his industry and foresight. 
 
 Thomas Kean. Forty-tw'o years have passed since the 
 first pioneer came to Glendive, Montana, and to find him 
 one need not look for hoary age or weakened faculties ; 
 on the other hand, Thomas Kean, justice of the peace 
 and president of the Glendive State Bank, is an excel- 
 lent example of the alert and wide awake business 
 man that controls many of the leading enterprises of this 
 section after fostering and founding them and impresses 
 a visitor as one very capable of continuing for many 
 years to come. Thomas Kean was born at Tonawanda, 
 Erie county. New York, August 8, 1848, and is a son of 
 James and Ellen M. (McGuire) Kean. 
 
 James Kean was born in Scotland in 1816 and died at 
 Buffalo, New York, in 1872, when aged fifty-six years. 
 When he came to the United States in early manhood 
 he stopped at Tonawanda, New York, and remained 
 there for some years engaged in teaching school. He 
 then went into the stave shipping business and 
 later removed in the same business to Buffalo, New 
 York. He w'as married in Erie county to Ellen M. Mc- 
 Guire, who was born in Ireland in 1825, came to Amer- 
 ica with her people in 1829 and died January 14, 1912, 
 in her eighty-seventh year. They were the parents of 
 fourteen children, seven of whom survive, namely; 
 Thomas; Michael and James, who both live at Tona- 
 wanda, New' York; John, who is a resident of Los 
 Angeles, California ; Carrie, who is the wife of William 
 Hanna, of Portland, Oregon; Anna, who is the wife 
 of David Johnson, of Chicago, Illinois; and Ella, w'ho 
 is the wife of M. Bowers, of La Salle, New' York. 
 
 Thomas Kean attended school at Buffalo and no doubt 
 his father intended him to become a shipper of barrels 
 and all kinds of staves, like himself, but the youth took 
 his future in his own hands and ran aw'ay from home 
 and in 1865 enlisted as a bugler in Company B, Sixth 
 United States Cavalry, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. The 
 life of discipline, combined with adventure, suited him 
 so well that after three years of service he re-enlisted in 
 the same capacity, in Company C, Seventeenth United 
 States Infantry, and was honorably discharged in 1876 at 
 Fort Wadsworth, Dakota, after eight full years of service. 
 Under the command of General Crittenden, he partici- 
 pated in all the hazardous work of his command, soldier- 
 ing along the border and up through Dakota and Mon- 
 tana in those days, taxing both the courage and strength 
 of officers and men. When his regiment reached the 
 Cheyenne Indian agency in Dakota, on the Missouri 
 river, the old Indian chief. Bull Eagle, endeavored to 
 frighten the soldiers and gave them his ultimatum, that 
 they should get back across the river by_ sundown or 
 take the consequences. It may have surprised hirn jhat 
 his threat caused no apprehension among the military 
 men as, doubtless on many occasions, his commands had 
 turned back bands of prospectors and helpless pioneer 
 settlers and probably their acquiescence did not always 
 save either their lives or property. 
 
 It was in 1872 that Mr. Kean came with his regiment 
 up the Yellowstone Valley on the survey of the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad line to Pow'der river and 
 passed through and early filed his claim on the present 
 site of Glendive. Thus, although not the oldest _ m 
 point of years among the pioneers of this flourishing 
 place, Mr. Kean has owned property the longest time 
 and is entitled to the distinction named. This property 
 he still controls, it being now' sub-divided and known as 
 
 the Kean Addition to Glendive. Mr. Kean did not come 
 to Glendive to live until i\Iay 14. 1880. During the sum- 
 mer of 1876 he was steward for the officers’ club at Fort 
 Lincoln ; in the winter of 1876 he engaged as cook for 
 Douglas & Smith, at Standing Rock, and afterward was 
 a cook on the great Dalrymple farm in Dakota. In 1879 
 he made the overland trip to Miles City, Montana, where 
 he worked until the following spring in a saw mill. 
 While the greater part of his life up to this time had 
 been passed in Dakota and Montana and Indian fighting 
 predominated while he was a soldier, for a time, just 
 after the Civil war, he was with the Sixth Calvary in 
 Texas, taking prisoners of disturbers of the public peace. 
 
 After locating at Glendive, Mr. Kean was engaged for 
 a tune as foreman of the painting gang on the Yellow- 
 stone division of the Northern Pacific Railroad, after- 
 ward went into the real estate business and served two 
 years as public administrator and one year subsequently 
 as under-sheriff -of Dawson county, Montana. In 1910 
 Air. Kean was elected to the office of justice of the 
 peace and gives excellent satisfaction. In 1910 he was 
 elected president of the Scandinavian German State 
 Bank, which was re-organized as the Glendive State 
 Bank, Air. Kean continuing at the head of the institu- 
 tion. 
 
 On October 31, 1882, Air. Kean was married to Aliss 
 Isola Jordan, who was born in Alassachusetts, and they 
 have had seven children, namely ; Alattie, who died in 
 infancy; Charles E., who is a resident of Alontana, mar- 
 ried Flora B. Brown ; Emma, who is the wife of Anton 
 Patnode; John A. Logan, who was accidentally drowned 
 when aged nine years; and Laura, Catherine and James 
 T. Politics always claim the attention, more or less, of 
 leading men, and Air. Kean’s experience and convictions 
 have made him a Republican. He is a member of Gate 
 City Lodge, No. 37, Odd Fellows, and takes pardonable 
 pride in the membership of this fraternal body in Mon- 
 tana. 
 
 Hon. William Oliver Speer has been identified with 
 the best interests of Butte and the state of Alontana 
 since 1880, the year in which he first turned his face 
 in a westerly direction. His has been a career thus 
 far of large public usefulness, and the services which 
 he has rendered to his city, county, and district would 
 be impossible to estimate adequately. As city attorney 
 of Butte in his early residence in the city, his work 
 was of a high order, resulting in lastin.g benefit to the 
 community; as representative of his district in the terri- 
 torial house of representatives, he again displayed the 
 quality and calibre which have marked his entire career, 
 and as judge of the second judicial district, he has 
 given continuous evidence of the many-sided character 
 and the unfaltering integrity which have made him such 
 a power for good in his community. 
 
 William Oliver Speer was born August 26, 1S46, in 
 Butler county. Pennsrlvania. His parents w'ere Robert 
 and Charlotte (Covert) Speer. The father was born 
 in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and the mother was of Dutch 
 extraction, her ancestors having settled in the colonies 
 after migrating from the Holland home and taking 
 active parts in the struggle for American independence. 
 Robert Speer was the son of William Speer, who immi- 
 grated from the North of Ireland to the United States 
 soon after the American Revolution and settled in 
 Pennsylvania, where he became a prosperous farmer, 
 and, w'here after a w'ell spent life in the service of 
 church and state, he was finally called to rest. He 
 was one of the lay members of the Church of the 
 Covenanters and took an active part in forming and 
 establishing the new division of that denomination. 
 His son, Robert, the father of the subject, married in 
 early life and continued to reside in Pennsylvania until 
 in 1855, w'hen he removed with his family to Daven- 
 port, low'a, there follow'ing the trade of carpenter and 
 
1114 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 builder until his death, which occurred on January 
 28, 1896. 
 
 Of the seven children born to Robert and Charlotte 
 Speer, Judge Speer of this review is the eldest. He 
 received his education principally in Davenport, and 
 in his school days was known for his studious habits 
 and his keen desire for knowledge. Upon leaving 
 school he read law in the office of Brown & Campbell, 
 well known in their own and adjacent states as coun- 
 sellors of much learning and power. In 1874 the young 
 man was admitted to the bar, and continued for some 
 time vigorously pursuing his legal studies in the office 
 of J. W. Thompson, a leading lawyer and politician 
 of the state of Iowa. For two years he practiced alone, 
 then formed a partnership with N. S. Mitchell, which 
 lasted until the judge decided to come to the west, when 
 in 1880 he located in Butte. Here he began a profes- 
 sional and political career which has become a source 
 of unmixed honor and profit to himself, and of the 
 greatest service to the state. 
 
 As one of the most active and enthusiastic promoters 
 of the organization of Silver Bow county. Judge Speer 
 called the first meeting at which the project was con- 
 sidered, and he never ceased in his forceful efforts 
 until the desired end was attained by the creation of 
 that county. 
 
 As a stanch Republican he participated effectively in 
 the canvass of 1880 with Hon. W. F. Sanders, and in 
 1884 he was elected a member of the territorial house 
 of representatives, in which body he was chairman of 
 the judiciary committee. In 1887 he was elected city 
 attorney of Butte and was his own successor in the 
 office the following year. During his incumbency of 
 office he, in effect, re-created the city government, estab- 
 lishing it fully under a systematic municipal form. 
 Prior to this time the ordinances had been conflicting, 
 many of them being incorrectly and carelessly drawn, 
 so that there was a deplorable lack of necessary unity 
 of purpose and harmony of import to make them effec- 
 tive, and thus his services in the office proved not for 
 the time being only, but for all time in the history of 
 the city. In 1890 he was appointed supervisor of the 
 census ior the state of iMontana by President Harrison. 
 Two years later he was made a non-partisan candidate 
 for judge of the second judicial district, consisting of 
 Silver Bow county. In politics Judge Speer is a vet- 
 eran in the ranks of the Republican party of Montana, 
 whose principles he has continued to support from the 
 time of the organization of the party in Silver Bow 
 county. On January 10, 1895, Judge Speer was united 
 in marriage with Mrs. Lina H. Koehler, a native of 
 St. Louis, Missouri. Since his retirement from the 
 bench he has devoted himself especially to looking 
 after his business interests, which are of considerable 
 extent. In 1899 he erected the Princeton block, one 
 of the finest residence properties in the city, as well 
 as being the first modern flat or apartment building 
 erected in the state. 
 
 The public interests of his home locality have ever 
 had the close, intelligent, and serviceable attention of 
 Judge Speer, and no movement that he believed might 
 be of advantage to the community has ever failed to 
 enlist his earnest and vigorous support. It was mainly 
 through his instrumentality that the Northern Pacific 
 erected its commodious station at Butte, only after 
 four years of persistent effort on his part, in conse- 
 quence of which he is often referred to as the father 
 of that depot. 
 
 The sun of Judge Speer’s life is yet at its meridian, 
 and he has seen the vast development of a portion of 
 the mineral and agricultural resources of the state, 
 whose riches have not yet been fully inventoried, while 
 he can see in anticipation something of the added 
 greatness which will inevitably be given to the state 
 of his adoption in the years to come. Certain it is that 
 he must feel something of the comfort that must ever 
 
 spring from the knowledge that he has borne his share 
 in the development of the state to its present condi- 
 tion, and in making possible its further unlimited 
 growth in which he hopes to have a part. 
 
 David R. AIead has been for many years an impor- 
 tant figure in the financial and commercial world of 
 Montana. He was born in Illinois, in 1848, a son of 
 Alexander J. Mead, who was a native of Pennsylvania 
 and had settled in Illinois in pioneer days. 
 
 David R. Mead grew up in Illinois and received his 
 education in the .public and high schools of Geneseo, 
 Illinois. At the age of twenty he came out to Minne- 
 sota and there at Winona went into the railroad busi- 
 ness, as an employe of the North Western Railroad 
 Company. Fle spent eight years there, but not being 
 wholly satisfied he drifted west, and in 1880 came to 
 Montana. He located in Glendive, where he was one 
 of the earliest settlers and a pioneer in many of the 
 town’s important commercial interests. He became a 
 merchant, rancher, banker and dealer in horses, cattle 
 and sheep. In 1883 he helped to organize the Mer- 
 chants National Bank of Glendive, of which he is now 
 vice-president. As a merchant he has handled general 
 merchandise, lumber and machinery and has always 
 been active in many other industries of this section. 
 
 Mr. Mead was married in 1883 to Miss Alice H. 
 Bingham, of Winona, IMinnesota. 
 
 Fidel Huber. America has been likened to a great 
 melting-pot into which all the nations of the earth are 
 cast in a constant tide of immigration, the result being 
 the American citizen, virile, progressive, with his fine 
 ideas of freedom and independence. It is generally 
 acknowledged that one of the most desirable elements 
 which enter into the great crucible is the German, the 
 nation having everything to gain and nothing to lose 
 from the assimilation of this brainy, honest and gen- 
 erally admirable stock. Among the Fatherland’s con- 
 tribution to Dillon is Fidel Huber, who has resided 
 here since 1880, He is senior member of the firm of 
 Huber Brothers, jewelers, the pioneer jewelry house 
 of Beaverhead county. 
 
 Fidel Huber was born in Germany, April 24, 1864. 
 At the age of about eight years he came with his uncle 
 to America and went directly to Corinne, Utah, reach- 
 ing there in 1872. There he remained for about five 
 years, and in this time young Fidel began to learn the 
 jewelry business from his uncle, John Kiepfer, who 
 was established in business there. At this period the 
 Utah Northern was being built into Montana and Mr. 
 Huber followed the road with the stock of Mrs. L. 
 Kupfer until they reached Dillon. Their arrival in this 
 place was in November, 1880, and the business was at 
 that time owned by Mrs. L. Kupfer, and managed by 
 Fidel Huber. In 1890 Mr. Huber's brother, Fred, joined 
 him and the firm of Huber Brothers was formed, the 
 business of Mrs. Kupfer being taken over. The busi- 
 ness has been most successful ever since that time. 
 When the Huber Brothers started here they had a very 
 small concern, but it has grown and improved and 
 today is second to none in the state. The following 
 article from the Dillon Tribune gives a page of their 
 history and is herewith insested in this article. 
 
 ‘‘Tlie pioneer in any line of business is interesting 
 because of the stages of development through which 
 the undertaking has passed. It is made up of a series 
 of changes and vicissitudes that try the courage and 
 manhood of man, and which none but the fit survive. 
 The pioneer jewelry house of Dillon — Huber Brothers 
 — has grown from a small concern to one of Montana’s 
 best and stands today a model of business integrity 
 and fair dealing. Its rank is shown by the fact that 
 when the state of Montana presented the battleship 
 “Montana” with a silver service, all the jewelry firms 
 in the state were invited to bid, but the contract was 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1115 
 
 awarded to Huber Brothers of Dillon, first because of 
 the quality of their goods and second because of their 
 reasonable prices. This has been their position in 
 Dillon for thirty years — leaders in quality, service and 
 unvarying courtesy of treatment. Huber Brothers 
 from the first arranged to carry as large and valuable 
 a stock as the market would support. They have added 
 to their business as the demand warranted, until now 
 they carry all the lines demanded and handle them in 
 large quantities and of the finest qualities. A finely 
 arranged store building is so perfectly lighted that 
 every detail in a remarkably full stock of jewelry, 
 diamonds, hand-painted china, clocks and watches and 
 a complete line of umbrellas, guns, ammunition and 
 appurtenances can be displayed to the advantage of the 
 goods and the satisfaction of the purchaser. 
 
 “An especially strong appeal is made to the artistic 
 and the collection of rare filligree work, delicate Dres- 
 den and Havilands and a thousand and one articles of 
 splendid workmanship and fine texture mark the stock 
 as one to be appreciated by a connoisseur. To one 
 whose taste in these lines has been developed there is 
 food for many an hour’s examination. As a regular 
 adjunct to the jewelry business a fully equipped op- 
 tical department is maintained. Mr. Fred Huber is a 
 registered optician of long experience and attends 
 promptly to this important feature of his work.’’ 
 
 Fidel Huber received his early education in the pub- 
 lic schools of Corinne, Utah. His father, Vinzenz 
 Huber, was born in Germany and lived there all his 
 life. He was a railroad contractor and lost his life in 
 an accident at St. Gotthard Tunnel, the large tunnel be- 
 tween Italy and Switzerland. This sad event occurred 
 in 1890, when his years numbered fifty-six. The 
 mother, whose maiden name was Marie Kupfer, was 
 a native of Germany, where she resided all her life. 
 
 Mr. Huber takes a keen and helpful interest in the 
 many-sided life of Dillon. He is a prominent Mason, 
 belonging to all the bodies of the august order from 
 the blue lodge and to the Shrine, and he has filled 
 all the chairs in all except the Shrine. Politically he 
 is independent, supporting the man and the measure 
 he believes to best represent the interests of the peo- 
 ple, irrespective of party. Various public positions held 
 by him have been alderman, member of school board, 
 member of the Normal college board and city treasurer. 
 He has proved fully equal to the responsibilities of all 
 these. He is a self-made man, self-reliant, and unswerv- 
 ing in the face of duty. He believes Montana to be 
 the coming state of the west and his ideas on the 
 future of Beaverhead county are roseate indeed. He 
 has seen its growth in the past and knows that the 
 future contains numerous .good things where the past 
 contained one. 
 
 Mr. Huber has three sisters and one brother, all of 
 whom reside in Dillon, as follows: Fred Huber, junior 
 
 member of the firm of Huber Brothers: Lena Fassler, 
 Bertha and Anna' Huber, all natives of Germany. The 
 four maintain a beautiful and elegantly appointed home 
 in Dillon, all living together. It is a popular gather- 
 ing place and the scene of gracious hospitality. The 
 subject is senior warden in the Episcopal church and 
 takes great interest in church affairs. He has the 
 reputation of being one of the most able and substan- 
 tial business men in this part of the state. 
 
 Hon. Benj.\min Fr.\nklin White was born in 
 Fairhaven, Massachusetts, December 3, 1838, and resided 
 there until he was nineteen years of age. He then left 
 home and went as a seaman in a merchant vessel to 
 Australia and China. In 1858 he made a trip around the 
 Horn to San _ Francisco and located in California. 
 
 T. here he rernained until 1866. While in California he 
 followed mining and ranching, and during one winter 
 he was on a steamer plying between Portland and San 
 rrancisco. In 1866 he left California and went to 
 
 Oneida county, Idaho, where he engaged in the salt 
 business and remained until 1879. During this period 
 he was elected county clerk and recorder. When the 
 Utah Northern Railroad came into Montana he became 
 connected with it as freight forwarder, reshipping to 
 all points in Montana. He maintained the largest wagon 
 freight service in the history of the west, his company 
 having two thousand wagons in use. They maintained a 
 bank, a commissary, and everything necessary for com- 
 fort and convenience in their business. 
 
 Governor White reached Dillon in the fall of 1880 
 and has resided here ever since. He opened the first 
 bank in Dillon and in 1884 he organized it into the 
 First National. His one desire and ambition was to 
 build up this bank and he has succeeded. The First Na- 
 tional Bank of Dillon is not only finely equipped and up 
 to date in every way but is positively the strongest finan- 
 cial institution in Montana. He has been president 
 and active head of it for thirty years. During his resi- 
 dence in Montana Governor White has had various 
 other interests, but he devotes most of his time to the 
 bank. 
 
 He earned his first money as a boy of fourteen 
 hauling logs out of the swamps for his uncle. He earned 
 thirteen dollars, and with this amount purchased a 
 watch. He received his early education in the public 
 schools of IMassachusetts, and then he went to Pierce 
 Academy in Middleborough, Massachusetts, where he 
 was graduated. 
 
 He is a Republican and has always taken an active 
 interest in politics. He was appointed governor by 
 President Harrison in 1889 and served until the organ- 
 ization of the state, having been the last territorial 
 governor, and for a short time he served as state gov- 
 ernor, until the new officers were installed. Fie has 
 been mayor of Dillon more than two thirds of the time 
 since the town was incorporated. He was a member of 
 the territorial legislature in 1882, was speaker of the 
 house of representatives, IQ02-1904, inclusive, and mem- 
 ber of the state senate, 1904-1908, inclusive. He was 
 commissioner for ^Montana to the World's Fair at Chi- 
 cago in 1893 and was commissioner to the Louisiana 
 Purchase Exposition at St. Louis 1904-1905. 
 
 Governor White is a member of the Dillon Social 
 Club and of the Dillon Commercial Club, having been 
 president of the latter at one time. He is fond of good 
 horses, of automobiling, baseball, football and music. 
 He spends his winters in California. 
 
 He was married in February, 1879. in Oneida county, 
 Idaho, to Miss Elizabeth Davis, daughter of Emrys and 
 Margaret Davis, of Oneida county. There are four 
 children of this marriage. Carolyn was born in August, 
 1881, and resides with her parents. Emrys D. was born 
 in August, 1883, is married and resides in Dillon, and 
 is assistant in his father's bank. Ralph W. was born 
 in March, 1892, and resides at Redlands, California, 
 where he has an orange grove. Margaret W. was born 
 in March, 1892, and is now attending school at North- 
 ampton, Massachusetts. 
 
 Governor White's father was Benjamin White, who 
 was born at Plymouth, Massachusetts, and was a direct 
 descendant of Peregrine White, the first white child born 
 among the Pilgrims who landed from the Mayflower. 
 He was a cotton manufacturer and was connected with 
 one of the first cotton mills erected in Rhode Island. 
 He died in Middleborough, ^Massachusetts, at about 
 ninety years of age and is buried there. The mother, 
 Caroline Stockbridge White, %vas also born in Massa- 
 chusetts. She died in Middleborough when about 
 eighty-five years of age. The father and mother are 
 buried side by side. In the elder White’s family there 
 were two children, both boys. The subject of this 
 sketch was the younger. His brother, George M. White, 
 still resides in Massachusetts. 
 
 Governor White and his wife are inclined toward the 
 
1116 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Episcopal church. Mrs. White takes much interest in 
 church matters and is very active socially. 
 
 Governor White is a man who has made a very extra- 
 ordinary record and is universally esteemed for his honor 
 and honesty. There is not a man in Montana who is 
 more honored, trusted and respected than Governor 
 White. The people of Dillon and of Beaverhead county 
 may be said without exaggeration to regard him almost 
 with worship. 
 
 George M. Beasley. The next to the oldest wool 
 buyer in the state of Montana, for more than a quarter 
 of a century, one of the extensive sheep raisers of 
 Dawson county, and well known in realty circles of the 
 state as a man who has handled more real estate in 
 large tracts than any other dealer, George M. Beasley 
 has had an eventful and useful career, and is entitled to 
 a place among the leading citizens of Glendive. He 
 was born at Champaign, Champaign county, Illinois, 
 October 13, i860, and is a son of Washington West 
 and Nancy (McN'eil) Beasley, the former borft in Hills- 
 boro, Highland county. Ohio, January 14, 1831, and the 
 latter a native of Ohio. Washington West Beasley 
 left his native state at the age of twenty years and re- 
 moved to Illinois, taking up his residence in one of 
 the first houses built in the city of Champaign, where 
 he was a pioneer farmer and stock raiser. In 1875 he 
 removed to East St. Louis, Illinois, where he followed 
 the live stock commission business until 1880, and at 
 that time came to Custer county, Montana, locating 
 first at Hathaway. He was engaged in the sheep busi- 
 ness in that locality until 1893, his son, George M., 
 being bis partner, and then went to Big Timber. While 
 on a business trip to Maravillas (or Maranatio), Mex- 
 ico, his death occurred March 25, igii. While residing 
 in Champaign, Illinois, he was made a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity, and was interested in the work_ of 
 that organization throughout his life. In political 
 matters a Republican, be was active in the ranks of his 
 party, and served as a member of the state legislature 
 for one term. He and his wife, whose death occurred 
 in 1877, had seven children, of whom one died in in- 
 fancy, the others being: John, residing in St. Paul, 
 
 Minnesota: Charles, who lost his life by drowning 
 when twenty years of age ; Belle, the widow of George 
 E. Newman, residing at Big Timber, Montana; George 
 M. ; Frank W., who died August 5, 1911, at Manilla, 
 where he was engaged in mining; and Nat C., a resi- 
 dent of California. 
 
 George M. Beasley secured his education in the 
 schools of Champaign and East St. Louis, Illinois, and 
 at the early age of eighteen years began his business 
 career as a shipper of cattle from the latter city to 
 New York City, for T. C. Eastman, a position which 
 he held for about three years. He then engaged in 
 business on his own account, buying and selling cattle 
 for about two years at East St. Louis, but in January, 
 1882, moved to Custer county, Montana, locating at 
 Hathaway, where he joined his father in the sheep busi- 
 ness and continued therein until 1893. He then 
 embarked in the same line on his own account on the 
 range, feeding at different points, principally at St. 
 Paul, but retired from tbe feeding business in 1909. 
 He is still in the sheep business, however, but not on 
 the range. In 1887 he engaged in buying wool for the 
 old firm of Nichols & Dupree, of Boston, Massachusetts, 
 and during that same year started to ship sheep to 
 Rosenbaum Brothers & Company, Chicago, and it_ is 
 characteristic of the man’s life that he is still dealing 
 with these same two firms or their successors. The only 
 man older in the wool buying business is Mr. George 
 Sharpe, but Mr. Beasley is the largest receiver of wool 
 on consignment in the state. At the present time he 
 carries on large transactions in real estate, and in 1910 
 completed the pressed brick office building in Glendive 
 known as the IBeasley Block, a handsome structure for 
 
 stores and offices. He is a Republican in his political 
 views, one of the strongest Progressive men in Mon- 
 tana, and a great admirer of Colonel Roosevelt, but 
 has never cared for public office. Like his father, lie 
 has greatly interested himself in fraternal work, belong- 
 ing to Glendive Lodge No. 31, A. F. & A. M., although 
 he first became a Mason at Liberty ville, Illinois, in 
 1894. He is also connected with St. Paul Lodge ’No. 
 59, B. P. O. E., at St. Paul, Minnesota ; and Modern 
 Woodmen Lodge No. 1253, at Ivanhoe, Illinois. 
 
 On December 8, 1887, Mr. Beasley was united in 
 marriage with Miss Emma Stoher, who was born in 
 Burlington, Wisconsin. One child has been born to 
 this union; May, who married, January 14, 1911, 
 Edward A. Shabel, of Glendive, manager of the Good- 
 rich-Call Lumber Company of Minnesota for Montana 
 and Western North Dakota and a director in the 
 
 company. 
 
 John J. Foley. The story of the life of John J. 
 Foley is one of pluck and a determination to win in 
 the face of difficulties that would have proved disas- 
 trous to nearly anyone save a man with the Irish blood 
 in bis veins, the blood which makes a man hang on 
 
 to the skirts of success like a bull dog on to the coat 
 
 tails of a man with a bone, till in despair the man gives 
 the dog the bone. In the same way Mr. Foley clung 
 to the belief that he must some day cease to be the 
 “under-dog,” and he was in time rewarded for his 
 
 faith. It must be confessed, however, that he can not 
 
 lay his final victory to Fate, but to his own strength 
 of character and to his personality, which made him 
 so popular among the citizens of Butte that he was 
 elected clerk of the district court. He has proved 
 
 worthy of the trust of the people and has filled the 
 office to the satisfaction of judges, lawyers and liti- 
 gants. He is only a bit over thirty, and being now 
 firmly planted on the road to success, he will very 
 likely take many steps further in the same direction. 
 
 John J. Foley was born in the state of Michigan, on 
 the 1st of December, 1879. His father, Patrick Foley, 
 was born in Ireland, but was only a child when he 
 
 was brought to this country by his father, Patrick 
 
 Foley. Patrick Foley, senior, settled in Calumet, Michi- 
 gan, and here young Patrick grew up. He was put to 
 work in the mines as soon as he was old enough to be 
 of any use, this being at the age of nine. He con- 
 tinued to work in these mines after he became a man, 
 and in 1879, hoping he might better himself, he came 
 out to Montana to look over conditions. Finding them 
 immeasureably better than in the east, he decided to 
 remain, and built a home, bringing his family out the 
 following year. They arrived on the i6th of October, 
 1880, when John J. Foley was not yet a year old, so 
 he knows nothing but the west and might be considered 
 a westerner as truly as some who were born in this 
 country. Patrick Foley spent the remainder of his 
 life in Butte, where he died in 1905, at the age of 
 sixty-one. He was an active Democrat, always ready 
 to fight for his party. The mother of John J. Foley 
 was Catherine Sullivan, also a native of the Green 
 Isle. Her parents immigrated to America when, she 
 was six years old. They settled in Calumet, Michigan, 
 and here is where she met and married )roung Patrick 
 Foley. 
 
 A tragic event occurred in the life of John J. Foley 
 when he was scarcely more than a babe. He was 
 a child of four at the time, and like all children at- 
 tracted by a crowd, he wandered over to where a 
 group of curious people were gazing at the first ore 
 car that had ever been seen in that vicinity. With 
 a child’s fearlessness he walked up close to the strange 
 object and then in some way he was rolling under- 
 neath the cars, and when they finally picked him up 
 it was found that he had lost his right arm. With 
 this great handicap, particularly severe to a man who 
 
iAS:-. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANxT 
 
 1117 
 
 depends upon his hands to earn livelihood, John Foley's 
 cheerfulness has never failed. Perhaps there is a good 
 deal of truth in the saying that God afflicts those who 
 are best able to bear it. that the strong ones of the 
 earth are those who must suffer. At any rate few 
 men would have fought the fight that John Foley did. 
 
 Flis elementary education was obtained in the Butte 
 public schools, and later he attended the Butte Busi- 
 ness College, where he took a commercial course. He 
 realized that he would probably make more money in 
 the mines than as a bookkeeper, but how could he do 
 such work? He therefore prepared for the business 
 world, and secured a position as bookkeeper with 
 Cooney Brothers. Later he went to the Hennessy 
 Company in the same capacity, but finally he gave up 
 mercantile work and went into the mines. He made 
 a success, despite his unfitness physically, and for five 
 months worked underground. He was then given the 
 position of watchman, which work brought him to 
 the surface again. For three years he held this po- 
 sition, meanwhile growing in popularity and winning 
 friends right and left. 
 
 In politics he had always been a Democrat and, like 
 his father, an active worker for his party, so that with 
 his popularity, his general capability and trustworthi- 
 ness, it was not surprising when he was nominated in 
 1908 for the office of clerk of the district court. It 
 was still less surprising when he was elected, and 
 since that time he has held this office of^ rpponsibility. 
 
 Mr. Foley is a loyal member of the Knights of Co- 
 lumbus, of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and of 
 the Robert Emmet Literary Association. In all of 
 these societies he takes a deep interest and is an ac- 
 tive member. He was married on the 28th of July, 
 1909, to Margaret G. Stewart, a native of the state of 
 Minnesota. Two sons have been born to them, John 
 T., on the 19th of June, 1910, and Francis J., born Janu- 
 ary 15, 1912. 
 
 VoLNEY C. Whiting, a well-known and highly repre- 
 sentative citizen now living retired at Whitehall, Jeffer- 
 son county, has been a resident of the state of Montana 
 for nearly a third of a century. Mr. Whiting was born 
 February 13, 1852, at Lockport, New York, the son of 
 William C. and Caroline (Lawton) Whiting. The 
 father was a shoemaker by occupation and in 1854 came 
 west from New York, stopping for a short while in 
 the state of Michigan, and thence to Pardeeville, Colum- 
 bia county, Wisconsin. He enlisted in 1864 in Company 
 E, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, and was taken prisoner 
 and confined in a Mississippi prison. His health became 
 impaired as a result of the prison life, and so continued 
 until his death, though he lived to an advanced age, 
 and died at Stillwater, Minnesota. 
 
 Volney C. Whiting went to work as a wage eanier 
 at the early age of fourteen years, and thus received 
 but a very meager education, attending school two 
 winters only after he reached that age. He was 
 employed as a farm laborer until his marriage, after 
 which for three years he conducted a farm on shares m 
 Columbia county, Wisconsin. 
 
 In the spring of 1880 Mr. Whiting was one of a partj' 
 of five to leave the village of Poynette. Wisconsin, for 
 Montana, one member of the party being his brother- 
 in-law, William J. Alexander, now of Whitehall. The 
 party made the trip up the Missouri river to Fort Ben- 
 ton, and thence by wagons, with their household goods, 
 to Butte, via Deer Lodge. They arrived in Butte in 
 June, 1880, and there Mr. Whiting at once engaged in 
 teaming, in which business he enjoyed a pleasing meas- 
 ure of success. On May 28, 1884, in company with IMr. 
 Alexander, previously referred to, they engaged in a 
 grocery venture, with establishment located at 64 West 
 Park street, in Butte, doing business under the firm 
 name of Whiting & Alexander. The new firm pros- 
 pered from the start, and they built up an enviable repu- 
 
 tation for integrity and reliable business dealings. F'or 
 fifteen years the business was continued here, when 
 they disposed of it and removed to the T. T. Black 
 ranch in the South Boulder Valley in Aladison county, 
 twelve miles from Whitehall, which ranch the firm had 
 acquired several years previous. Here the firm of 
 Whiting & Alexander became extensively engaged in 
 the raising of vegetables, berries and small fruits of all 
 descriptions, their products being disposed of in the 
 Butte market and acquiring a high standard of excel- 
 lence, a tribute to the knowledge and reliability of the 
 individual members of the firm. 
 
 Messrs. Whiting and Alexander continued success- 
 fully to operate their ranch, which they had enlarged 
 from time to time, until in October, 1911, it consisted of 
 1,643 acres, when they disposed of it. Mr. Whiting 
 purchased property in Whitehall and has there erected 
 a fine home, and is engaged in looking after his private 
 interests. For a number of years he has also been suc- 
 cessfully engaged in mining operations in Silver Bow, 
 Deer Lodge and Mqdison counties. 
 
 In 1876 Mr. Whiting was married in Poynette, Wis- 
 consin, to Annie E. Alexander, only daughter born to 
 John and Mary (Cutsforth) Alexander, and a sister of 
 William J. Alexander, of Whitehall. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Whiting have three daughters, as follows : Lillian M., 
 
 married to George Wotoring, a merchant, and residents 
 of Boise, Idaho. They have two daughters, — Elizabeth 
 and Margaret. Mabel C. is the wife of Alexander Hus- 
 band, and they reside at Tooele, Utah, where Mr. Hus- 
 band holds the responsible position of cashier of the 
 International Smelting and Refining Company. Grace 
 P., the third daughter, is the wife of Major W. Smith, 
 of the well known real estate firm of Wilson, Smith & 
 Company, of Butte. They have two children, Volney 
 and Woolridge. 
 
 Mr. Whiting is a Republican in politics, but not a 
 strict partisan, voting for the men and measures that 
 he deems best, regardless of party affiliations. He is a 
 member of Butte Lodge, No. 22, A. F. & A. INI., of the 
 chapter, council and commandery at Butte and of Alge- 
 ria Temple of the Nobles of the Alystic Shrine at 
 Helena. 
 
 iMr. Whiting is a self-made man in the very finest 
 usage of the term. He has known reverses of fortune, 
 and from a small beginning built up a flourishing busi- 
 ness, the manipulation of which, as a result of his excel- 
 lent business methods, his unfailing acumen and splen- 
 did judgment, has won him a competency and enabled 
 him to retire at middle age and enjoy the fruits of his 
 labors. 
 
 WiLLi.VM J. Alex.\nder. For upwards of a third of 
 a century William J. Alexander has been a resident of 
 Montana, and his life was one of ceaseless activity until 
 October, 1911. when he withdrew from more active 
 business interests and is now living retired at White- 
 hall, Jefferson county, where he is numbered among 
 the well known and substantial citizens. 
 
 Mr. Alexander was born in Sandusky county, Ohio, 
 near what is now the city of Bellevue, on April 12, 
 1853. He is a son of John and Mary J. (Cutsforth) 
 Ale.xander, the father being a native of Sandusky county, 
 Ohio, while his grandfather was a Pennsylvania Ger- 
 man, and a pioneer of that section of the Buckeye state 
 settled largely by Pennsylvanians. 
 
 Vdien William J. Alexander was but a small boy his 
 parents removed to Three Rivers, iMichigan, and soon 
 afterward his father enlisted at Burr Oak, IMichigan, as 
 a private in a IMichigan regiment of infantry. He was 
 taken prisoner in the south and confined in a Salisbury', 
 North Carolina, prison, and died there. His widow later 
 in life married Robert Tomlinson, and died in Butte, on 
 iMarch 12, 1912, at the age of eighty-one years. Two 
 children were born to Mr. and IMrs. John Alexander. 
 
1118 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 'I'he elder was William J„ and the other, Annie E., is 
 now the wife of Volney C. Whiting, of Whitehall. 
 
 William J. Alexander was twelve years old when his 
 mother took up her home at Poynette, Columbia county, 
 Wisconsin, and as soon as he was able he went to woi;k 
 that he might contribute to the support of the family. 
 His educational advantages were of necessity of a lim- 
 ited order, but he thoroughly learned the invaluable 
 lesson of industry and self reliance, as well as the full 
 value of a dollar. He continued as a farm laborer 
 until his marriage, after which he resided on rented 
 farms in the vicinity of Poynette, Wisconsin, until the 
 spring of 1880, when he came to Montana as one of a 
 party that included among other men Volney C. Whit- 
 ing, his brother-in-law. Tlieir destination was Butte, 
 where a brother of Mrs. Alexander, W. H. Young, was 
 residing. The trip to Montana was made up the Mis- 
 souri river to Fort Benton, and thence to Butte by way 
 of Deer Lodge, and Mr. Alexander’s sole possessions 
 consisted of his household goods, three horses and a 
 wagon. He arrived at Butte in J.une, 1880, and imme- 
 diately engaged at teaming, which he continued for 
 four years. He then became interested in mercantile 
 lines, on May 28, 1884, entering into a partnership with 
 Volney C. Whiting. They conducted a grocery busi- 
 ness at 64 West Park street, in Butte, under the firm 
 name of Whiting & Alexander, and this partnership has 
 continued to the present day. While the line of busi- 
 ness has changed, it has always sustained its well earned 
 reputation for strictly honorable business methods, and 
 the partners are widely known for men of substance 
 and the highest integrity. Their business relations have 
 ever been most cordial and each has found in the other 
 those cjualities that have contributed to the formation 
 of a bond of deepest friendship and regard. Mr. Alex- 
 ander has been for many years successfully interested in 
 mining operations in Silver Bow, Deer Lodge and 
 Madison counties. In 1912 he erected a handsome honie 
 in Whitehall, on property adjoining that of Mr. Whit- 
 ing. 
 
 Mr. Alexander was married in Poynette, Wisconsin, 
 to Ella Young, of that place. She died in Butte on 
 May 24, 1884, the mother of four children, the first of 
 whom died in infancy. The son, John W., who is 
 engaged in the ranching business near Pony, Montana, 
 married Ella Rundell, and they have two daughters. 
 Martha A. Alexander, the third child, died at the age 
 of twenty years, and Ella also died young. In Febru- 
 ary, 1893, Mr. Alexander contracted, in Butte, a second 
 marriage, when Martha, the daughter of Rev. Slator C. 
 Blackiston, of Butte, became his wife. Rev. Blackiston 
 was for many years rector of St. John’s Episcopal 
 church of Butte, and the family is one of prominence 
 and popularity in that city. Three children have been 
 born to this second union. Edward Blackiston, the 
 eldest, attended the public schools of Butte, and was 
 graduated from the Houston School for Boys at Spo- 
 kane, Washington, in 1912. The others are Nanruth 
 and Margaret William. 
 
 Mr. Alexander is a Republican in national issues, but 
 locally is not bound by party ties and makes it a point 
 to support the best men and issues. Fraternally he is 
 a member of Butte Lodge, No. 22, A. F. & A. M, Fie 
 is a member of the chapter, council and commandery, 
 and has taken the thirty-second degree in the Scottish 
 Rite. Fie is also a member of Algeria Temple of the 
 Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic 
 Shrine at Helena. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander and their 
 two oldest children are members of the Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 It is obvious to all that Mr. Alexander’s splendid suc- 
 cess has been the results of his own well directed efforts, 
 and like his relative and long-time business associate, 
 Mr. Whiting, is enjoying a competence acquired by 
 industry, economy, fair dealings and good business 
 judgment. 
 
 William J. Johnson. Anaconda has one of its most 
 prosperous and public-spirited citizens in the person 
 of Mr. Johnson, who is the founder and active head 
 of the firm of Johnson & Tuchsherer, the only whole- 
 sale liquor house in this city. His business career had 
 a humble beginning as water boy for a railroad labor 
 crew, and from that he has progressed and built up a 
 very creditable success. 
 
 William J. Johnson was born at Oswego, New York, 
 October 21, 1862. His parents were Christopher and 
 Catharine (Gwin) Johnson, and his father was a na- 
 tive of Ireland and came' as a boy to America, settling 
 at Oswego, where he became identified with the Oswego 
 Starch Works, the largest of the kind in the world, 
 and was an officer in the company when he died in 
 1900. The mother was a native of Kingston, New 
 York, and she is also deceased. William J. was one of 
 six children, the other five being: Anna, widow of 
 William Hartnett, of Oswego, John and Alice, de- 
 ceased ; Thomas, of Oswego ; and Catharine, wife of 
 Leo LaSalle, of Anaconda. 
 
 At his native city of Oswego Mr. Johnson spent the 
 first fifteen years of his life principally in attending the 
 public schools. Then as water boy for a railroad gang 
 he began earning his own way, and for five years fol- 
 lowed railroading in various capacities. Fle then came 
 to Montana and entered the employ of his uncle, Wil- 
 liam P. Gwin, who had a livery business at Butte, 
 and in 1884 was taken in as partner. Mr. Johnson, 
 after selling his interests at Butte, became a resident 
 of Anaconda in 1888, and for nearly twenty-five years 
 has been identified with this city in increasing busi- 
 ness and civic capacities. Fie first established a retail 
 liquor store, and has developed this into the only 
 wholesale house of the kind in Anaconda. 
 
 Fie enjoys a large acquaintance and friendship among 
 the prominent men of the state and for a number of 
 years has taken an active share in the affairs of his 
 home city. For two terms he served as alderman, and 
 in igo8 was elected on the Democratic ticket for the 
 office of county commissioner, which he still occupies. 
 In 1912 he was a delegate to the Democratic national 
 convention at Baltimore, and supported Champ Clark, 
 for whom the Montana delegation was instructed, for 
 45 ballots or until the nomination of Mr. Wilson was 
 made unanimous. His home is one of the finest in 
 the city, and he owns other valuable real estate. Mr. 
 Johnson was married at Butte, January 8, 1888, to Miss 
 Maud Teitsworth, who was born in Wisconsin. They 
 are the parents of three children, Edward C., Anna 
 Maud and Alice Maud. The family have membership 
 in the Catholic church. 
 
 Edgar . B. FIeagy, who occupies a representative posi- 
 tion among the business men of Anaconda, Montana, 
 where he owns and operates a meat market, is by na- 
 tivity a Floosier but has spent practically his whole life 
 in Montana and is unswervingly loyal to it. _ Its pro- 
 gressiveness, large opportunities, the energy it imparts 
 to endeavor and the recognition it gives to merit are 
 some of the characteristics of the state which to Mr. 
 Heagy give it presti.ge above all others. 
 
 At Anderson, Indiana, on the 20th of January, 1872, 
 Edgar B. Heagy was born to George Heagy and his 
 wife, Martha Mallory. The father was also born in 
 Indiana, was a farmer by occupation, and died in his 
 native state in 1874, when Edgar B. was but two years 
 old. He is interred at the citv of Anderson. One other 
 child, a daughter younger than Edgar, had been born 
 to this union but is now deceased. In 1880. when but 
 eight years old. Mr. Heagy accompanied his mother 
 to Montana, settling in Deer Lodge valley, about seven 
 miles from Anaconda, but in 1890 they removed to An- 
 aconda, and there the mother passed away in 1892, 
 when forty years of age. She was buried at Ana- 
 conda. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1119 
 
 After attending the district schools of Deer Lodge 
 valley and later the public schools of Anaconda, Mr. 
 Heagy took a business course in Eastman’s Business 
 College, Poughkeepsie, New York. In the meantime, 
 while still a boy, he had become a bookkeeper and solic- 
 itor in the meat business and continued this line of 
 work until 1902, when he established his present busi- 
 ness. His market is well fitted out with machinery, cold 
 storage boxes and all other such appliances as are to 
 be found in the most modernly equipped meat markets 
 of the day. The same progressiveness which he so much 
 admires in his state forms a part of his own character 
 as a business man, and his enterprise, energy and fair 
 dealings have won him a gratifying patronage. 
 
 Mr. Heagy was married at Butte, Montana, on June 
 14, 1909, to Miss Annie K. McDonald, whose former 
 home was in Nova Scotia. Mr. and Mrs. Heagy have 
 a son Earl, born April 8, 1911. Mr. Heagy by a former 
 marriage also had one son. Herald E., born June 7, 
 i8g8, and now attending public school and business col- 
 lege at Butte, 
 
 As a Republican Mr. Heagy takes no other than a 
 voting interest in politics. His fraternal associations 
 are with the Masonic order, in which he has held dif- 
 ferent offices in the Chapter degrees and is also a mem- 
 ber of Bagdad Temple, A. O. N. M. S., at Butte. 
 
 Harry B. Drum. The pursuits of _ industry _ are 
 admitted by all civilized nations to furnish the fairest 
 field for the triumphs of man; and the earliest and 
 most successful of its cultivators are entitled to the 
 most grateful remembrance of their successors. Harry 
 B. Drum, a prominent citizen of Belmont, is one of 
 those whose sagacity and industry in early days helped 
 lay the foundation of the agricultural and commercial 
 progress of the Yellowstone valley, and now after he 
 has filled out a well-rounded career, he may well lay 
 claim to respite from the responsibilities of business 
 activities. Harrv B. Drum was born in that part of 
 Allegheny City. (Pa.) that is today included in the city 
 of Pittsburgh,' December 3, ^Sj9, and is a son of Simon 
 and Elizabeth (Workman) Orum, natives of Westmore- 
 land county, that state. 
 
 Simon Drum was b-'in in 1829 and received his edu- 
 cation in Allegheny City, where he spent the greater 
 part of his life. His prominence in the business world 
 and the ability which he at all times displar'ed, caused 
 his election to the office of mayor, in which capacity he 
 was serving at the time of the outbreak of the Civil 
 war. At that time he organized Company H of the 
 One Hundred and Twenty-third Regiment, Pennsyl- 
 vania Volunteer Infantry, with which he served as 
 captain until the close of hostilities, at which time he 
 WAS presented with a beautiful silver service in token 
 r' f the regard in which he was held by the members of 
 ''lis company, and on his return he was again sent to the 
 mayoralty chair, his service as chief executive of his 
 city covering three terms. He was the proprietor of a 
 ' large planing mill, engaged e.xtensively in the hardware 
 j business as a wholesaler, was one of the organizers of 
 the old Benjamin Franklin Bank, of which he was 
 i president, and assisted in organizing the Benjamin 
 ; Franklin Fire Insurance Company, and was acting as 
 I its president at the time of his death in 1896. A stanch 
 S Republican in his political views, he served as chair- 
 man of the city council for many years and was known 
 is a leader of his party’s forces. Fraternally, he was 
 1 prominent Mason. He and his wife, who survives 
 him and has reached her eighty-fourth year, were the 
 parents of thirteen children, of whom four survive: 
 Martha, who is the wife of Austin St. John; Harry B; 
 Amanda; and Julia, who is the wife of Louis Lusten- 
 ! berger. 
 
 i Harry B. Drum received his education in the public 
 ! schools of Allegheny City and the Newell Institute of 
 i Pittsburgh. Early in life he displayed those traits of 
 
 I 
 
 industry and enterprise which had made his father suc- 
 cessful, and during vacations, while his comrades were 
 spending their time in recreation, he secured employ- 
 ment from the city driving a dump cart engaged in 
 grading the streets of Allegheny City, his wages being 
 $4.50 per week. After he had finished his studies he 
 became a clerk in the auditor’s office of the Allegheny 
 Valley Railroad, which is now a part of the Pennsyl- 
 vania System, continued with that company for three 
 years, and in 1880 started for the west, traveling by rail 
 as far as the terminus of the Northern Pacific, then 
 Bismarck, North Dakota. Mr. Drum then boarded the 
 steamer “Key West,” on which he went up the Missis- 
 sippi river to Fort Benton, and there formed an acquain- 
 tance with a party which had come by boat from 
 Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. This party, of which Mr. 
 Drum became a member, went through to the head of 
 the Musselshell river, where Mr. Drum entered the 
 employ of a Dick Clendenin as a sheep herder. Subse- 
 quently be became a cow puncher, an occupation at which 
 he worked until the fall of 1883, and then, having care- 
 fully saved his earnings, invested his capital in sheep. 
 This venture, however, proved unfortunate, as during 
 the winter that followed all of his animals died except 
 about ninety head, which he sold during the spring. 
 Nothing daunted at this misfortune, Mr. Drum again 
 took a position as cow puncher, which he followed 
 imtil the winter of 1886-7, when he was employed as 
 stage driver between Lavina and You Bet, in the 
 Judith Gap, and after again following cow punching 
 during the summer of 1887 became a rancher in the 
 Mussellshell valley. At first he followed sheep raising, 
 but eventually gave up that vocation to raise cattle, and 
 so successful were his operations that he became the 
 owner of eleven thousand acres of land. He sold out 
 all of this property, however, in 1907; in the summer of 
 1911 disposed of his cattle, and is now not only actively 
 engaged in scientific farming, but is also largely 
 interested in the Belmont State Bank, of which he is 
 president. He now makes his home in Belmont, near 
 which place he owns some sixteen hundred acres of 
 fine land. As a citizen i\Ir. Drum is identifying himself 
 with the best interests of his city. He is a Republican 
 and takes a keen interest in political matters, but only 
 as a spectator. He is prominent and popular in fra- 
 ternal circles, and belongs to Ashler Lodge No. 29, 
 A. F. & A. M., Billings Chapter No. 6, R. A. M., 
 Aldemar Commandery No. 5, K. T., and Algeria Temple, 
 A. A. O. N. M. S.. of Helena; and to Billings Lodge 
 No. 394, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On June ii. 1890, Mr. Drum was married to Miss 
 Lillias Rae. who was born in the city of Glasgow, 
 Scotland, daughter of John and Agnes (Crookston) 
 Rae, natives of Scotland. Mrs. Drum was the fourth in 
 order of birth of her parents’ children, and has four 
 sisters and two brothers. Mr. Rae brought his family 
 to the Linited States when Mrs. Drum was a mere child, 
 settling in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, and the greater 
 part of his life was spent as a traveling salesman. He 
 was a Scottish Rite l\Iason. Three children have been 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Drum, namely : Elizabeth, who 
 is attending school in Los Angeles, California; Simon, 
 a student in the Polytechnic Institute of Billings; and 
 Agnes, who attends a young ladies’ school in Pittsburgh, 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Henry W. Rowley. In considering those among the 
 Yellowstone valley’s citizens whose activities have been 
 directed toward developing the resources of the section, 
 and whose foresight has been rewarded in a most sub- 
 stantial manner, one’s mind instinctively turns to the 
 subject of this sketch, Henry W. Rowley, a man who, 
 through business sagacity and acumen has risen to a 
 commanding position in this locality’s financial and in- 
 dustrial circles. He was born at Newport, New York, 
 October i, 1858, and is a son of Nelson and Abigail 
 
J120 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 (Cofiin) Rowley, natives of the Empire state, both of 
 whom are deceased. 
 
 Nelson Rowley, who in his native state followed the 
 occupations of farmer and lumberman, left the east in 
 1868 and settled in Farmington. Minnesota, where he 
 carried on farming during the remainder of his life. 
 He was an active Republican, was prominent in Ma- 
 sonry, and was known as a useful and public-spirited 
 citizen. He and his wife had four children, Henry W., 
 the youngest, being the only survivor. 
 
 Henry W. Rowley began his education in the schools 
 of Newport, New York, and accompanied his parents 
 to Minnesota when he was ten years old. After com- 
 pleting the public school course, he entered the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota, and on graduating therefrom se- 
 cured employment in the engineering department of the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad. In the spring of 1880 he 
 came to Montana with the engineering corps of the 
 company, in the service of which he remained for about 
 two anil one-half years, after which he became con- 
 nected with the Minnesota and Montana Land and 
 Improvement Company, a concern which owned about 
 30,000 acres in the Yellowstone valley. Mr. Rowley's 
 activities were devoted to surveying the land for irri- 
 gation, the canal which was subsecjuently built being 
 forty miles in length and covering some 60,000 acres. 
 In 1885 Mr. Rowley became one of the organizers of 
 the Billings Water Company, which installed the first 
 water works and electric light plant in Billings, and he 
 continued as the active head of this enterprise until 
 1908, when the electric plant was sold. He has con- 
 tinued, however, as president of the water company, 
 and is also president of the Northern Hotel Company, 
 and a director in the Merchants National Bank of 
 Billings and the First National Bank of Seattle, Wash- 
 ington. In addition, he has large real estate holdings 
 and is interested in various enterprises of an expensive 
 nature. His political belief is that of the Republican 
 party, but has had no desire for positions of public 
 preferment. As an organizer and an executive Mr. 
 Rowley has been the chief factor in developing a num- 
 ber of large industries, and no movement that has for 
 its object the advancement of the city’s interests is 
 considered complete until his name has been enlisted as 
 one of the supporters. He has been prominent in fra- 
 ternal work, and is a member of Ashlar Lodge, No. 29. 
 A. F. & A. M. ; Billings Chapter, No. 6. R. A. M.; 
 Aldemar Commandery, No. 5, K. T. ; and Algeria Tem- 
 ple, A. A. O. N. M. S., of Helena. 
 
 On May 8. 1883, Mr. Rowley was married to Miss 
 Harriet iMeeker, who was born in New York, daughter 
 of Lewis Meeker, and six children have been born to 
 this union, as follows : Farr B. ; Hugli ; Helen, who 
 married C. D. Howe, a government civil engineer of 
 Huntley, Montana; Harriet; Henry N., and Jules. 
 
 Edw.\rd B. Howell, of Butte, Montana, is a prominent 
 attorney of that city. Among mining men he is widely 
 known a.s the author of a manual on mining law, and 
 he also gives instruction on this subject to the students 
 of the Montana State School of Mines. Among the 
 farmers he is known as the inventor of the weir gauge, 
 an instrument used in measuring the water of running 
 streams. 
 
 Mr. Howell was born at Centreville, Iowa, on the 
 22nd of September, 1857. He was the son of Charles 
 and Lavinia (Ward) Howell, who were natives of New 
 York state. Charles H. Howell migrated from New 
 York state to Iowa in 1847 and became one of the 
 pioneer merchants of that commonwealth. At the time 
 of his death, in 1887, he held the honored position of 
 being the oldest citizen of Centreville. Mr. Howell’s 
 ancestors came to this country more than two hundred 
 years ago, and some of them were soldiers in the Revo- 
 lutionary war. 
 
 Edward B. Howell grew up in Centreville, Iowa, and 
 
 attended the public schools of his home town. Upon 
 completing his work there he went to Grinnell, Iowa, 
 and entered Grinnell College. He was graduated from 
 this institution in 1879, and later, the same college 
 bestowed upon him the honorary degree of A. M. He 
 was obliged to earn his own way to a large extent in 
 acquiring his education, and accomplished this by teach- 
 ing. During his college course he taught country 
 schools and he also acted as tutor to preparatory classes 
 at Grinnell. After graduation he was employed as 
 principal of schools at Virginia City, Montana, then as 
 teacher of the high school at Butte and afterwards as 
 city superintendent of the Jjiitte schools. Mr. Howell 
 took his professional course at the law school of the 
 State _ University at Iowa City. He was graduated 
 therefrom with the degree of LL. B. in 1882. " His first 
 experience in the practice of law was at Grinnell, Iowa, 
 where he was a member of the firm of Haines, Lyman 
 & Howell. For nearly twenty years Mr. Howell has 
 been practicing law at Butte, and some of his best 
 clients are men who as youngsters went to school to 
 him thirty years ago. 
 
 In politics Mr. Howell is a Republican. In his pro- 
 fessional life he is a member of the Silver Bow Bar 
 Association and of the Montana State Bar Association. 
 Through the deeds of his ancestors he is entitled to 
 membership in the society of the Sons of the American 
 Revolution, and should take great pride in belonging 
 to a society which has for its foundations the noble 
 deeds of the fathers of our country. 
 
 Mr. Howell was married in Butte, Montana, to Miss 
 Estina Wylie, the ceremony taking place on the 2nd 
 of August, 1883. His wife was born in Virginia, and 
 her family later moved to Winterset, Iowa, and finally 
 to Centreville. where Mr. Howell first met her. Three 
 children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Howell. The 
 eldest, Roxy, was born in Butte, and is now the wife 
 of J. F. Derge, of Missoula, Montana. The oldest son 
 is Henry Ward Howell, who was born in 1889 in Cali- 
 fornia. He is now a student in the University of 
 Pennsylvania, making a specialty of the study of archi- 
 tecture. Richard, the youngest son, was born in 1894 
 at Butte, and is at present a student in the Butte high 
 school. 
 
 Hon. Charles B. Towers. New England is well 
 represented in the substantial citizenship of Custer 
 county, Montana, and among the business men of 
 Miles City it is not unusual to find college graduates 
 who are entitled to add letters to their names indicating 
 the professional degrees which they have won in the 
 east, while, perhaps, they must give the west credit for 
 their financial independence. Hon. Charles B. Towers 
 came as a civil engineer to Montana in the spring of 
 1880, and the thirty odd years he has spent here have 
 been busy and useful ones and he may be numbered 
 with the constructive men of this section. Mr. Towers 
 was born at Richmond, Chittenden county, Vermont, 
 July 20, 1855, and is a son of Robert and Harriet (Bull- 
 ard) Towers. 
 
 Robert Towers was born in 1801, a son of Robert 
 Towers, a Revolutionary soldier who had settled at 
 Richmond, Vermont, after the close of that war. The 
 latter Robert Towers was a native of the Orkney 
 Island, off the coast of Scotland, and was a conscripted 
 soldier in the British army when brought to the Ameri- 
 can colonies. He never returned to his native place, 
 but became an American citizen, married and reared 
 a family of two daughters and four sons, the second 
 Robert being one of the younger children. The latter 
 followed an agricultural life in Chittenden county, 
 where he became a man of affairs, and on the Republi- 
 can ticket was twice elected a member of the Vermont 
 legislature. He was a member of the Universalist 
 church. His death occurred in 1880, surviving his 
 wife for nine years. She was born in Massachusetts. 
 
./ ■• ' 'in 
 
 i ,- ' 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1121 
 
 They were parents of ten children, two daughters and 
 eight sons, Charles B., being the seventh son in order 
 of birth. 
 
 Charles B. Towers was graduated from Goddan 
 Seminary, at Barre, Vermont, in the class of 1875, and 
 from Tufts College, Boston, Massachusetts, in 1878, 
 securing his degree of civil engineer. In the spring of 
 1880 he came to Helena, Montana, and after a period 
 of prospecting located the Richmond mine, on the 
 Deer Lodge range, this being in 1882, after which he 
 came to Miles City, where he decided to embark in 
 business, shortly afterward opening a store in the line 
 of gentlemen’s furnishings, boots and shoes. In 1895 
 he turned his attention to the' real estate business, in 
 which he so prospered that in 1909 he incorporated 
 under the firm name of C. B. Towers & Company, 
 dealers in real estate and investments. He is president 
 of this company and is also president of the Towers- 
 Burt Land Company and of the Custer Abstract Com- 
 pany. As a citizen of jMiles City he has been active 
 and public spirited, was elected the first alderman from 
 the First ward after the city was organized and was 
 instrumental in placing the public schools on their pres- 
 ent solid basis, serving several terms as school trustee. 
 His useful activities in public life have also had a 
 wider range, as in 1^7 he was elected a member of 
 the state legislature, in which body his services were 
 beneficial to his constituents. 
 
 On October 22, 1885, Mr. Towers was married to 
 Miss Adelaide J. Hodges. They are members of the 
 Presbyterian church. Mr. Towers is a member of 
 Yellowstone Lodge, No. 26, A. F. & A. M. ; Miles City 
 Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M. ; and Miles City Lodge No. 
 537 B. P. O. E. 
 
 Duncan Cameron. Of all the compliments paid to 
 Montana, it is safe to say that none have exceeded in 
 eloquence that of Duncan Cameron, who has thrice 
 left the state and every time returned, its charms and 
 advantages appealing to him above those of all other 
 sections. The list of enterprises with which this 
 progressive and resourceful gentleman has been iden- 
 tified is a long one, and as he has the gift of making 
 fine ideas realities he is a distinct asset to any under- 
 taking. He is now engaged extensively in real estate 
 business in this county, and is one of the most im- 
 portant men in the field, being at the head of the 
 widely-known D. Cameron Alining and Realty Com- 
 pany. He is a native of Canada, but, as is vividly sug- 
 gested in his name, he is of Scotch origin and pos- 
 sesses in marked degree those staunch traits for which 
 the Scotch nation is famed. 
 
 Mr. Cameron was born in Ontario, Canada, June 
 5, ' i 860. Amid the scenes of his birth_ he remained 
 until about eight years of age, when his parents re- 
 moved to Alinnesota, where they lived until 1878. In 
 that year they made ' another change of residence, this 
 time to Kansas and Duncan came on to North Dakota. 
 ■While in Bismarck he was engaged for two years in the 
 freighting business from Bismarck to the Black Hills 
 in South Dakota, where he engaged in construction 
 work on the Northern Pacific Railway, west of Man- 
 dan, and followed the same as far as Glendive, Alon- 
 tana. At Glendive he sent men out with two teams 
 to .go to a tie camp, a distance of about eighty miles 
 away, on the Little Alissouri river. The trio proved a 
 luckless one, for they were attacked by Indians, the 
 horses being captured, the wagons destroyed, one man 
 killed and another wounded. Mr. Cameron was dis- 
 couraged over travel and railroad work in that section 
 of the west and in consequence he sold his other teams 
 and embarked in mercantile business at Glendive, where 
 he remained for about a twelvemonth, then removing 
 to Miles City, where he remained for a year, en- 
 gaging in the same line of business. From that 
 point he went on to Forsythe, or what was to be 
 
 Forsythe, and enjoys the distinction of having built 
 the first house in the town. In the new settlement he 
 remained for the space of two years, but at the same 
 time he had interests in other locations, among them 
 at Billings and Junction City. 
 
 Recently after a trip to Bozeman and through the 
 Gallatin valley, Mr. Cameron in an interview pub- 
 lished in the White Sulphur Springs, contrasts the 
 country as it is now and as it was at the time he 
 first went there. He says : "It was my first visit since 
 
 1879 to that city, and that trip was made on horse- 
 back in company with the famous scout and horse- 
 man, James Cummings, familiarly known by the 
 sobriquet of ‘Racehorse Jim.’ 
 
 "The principal reason for our mode of locomotion 
 at this period was the unsafeness of stage travel, 
 the country being infested by bandits, who daily held 
 up_ travelers, making the territory and many people 
 living here remember some of the notorious char- 
 acters who then infested this and other parts of Alon- 
 tana, but I will onlv mention Dick Turpin and Black 
 Bart. However, there were many others of this stamp. 
 
 “To me,, my recent trip through the Gallatin was 
 one of many surprises. I could not help but contrast 
 the yesterday with the today. I could but close my 
 eyes and, looking back, almost see again the great 
 herds of thousands of buffalo and antelope which 
 roamed freely over the vast plains to eventually fall 
 and pass away before the ever and determined march 
 of civilization. 
 
 "Bozeman, then a small, struggling place, has, by 
 the indomitable pluck and energy of its builders, those 
 sturdy pioneers who braved the tough conditions of 
 that day, now become a prosperous and beautiful city 
 with a future most bright assured her. Where naught 
 but miles and iniles of arid plains existed in the valley 
 surrounding, I find a veritable storage of wealth and 
 plenty. Barren plain has been, by the husbandman, 
 converted into rich and fertile farm country, where 
 peace and contentment are the order of things.’’ 
 
 Mr. Cameron then gives the practical application of 
 the facts he has noted for the benefit of the people of 
 the Valley of Smith river, as follows: “'What the 
 
 Gallatin valley has done for Bozeman, our valley of 
 Smith river can do for White Sulphur Springs, but 
 we need builders, men with energy and money to 
 assist what nature holds for us at our door. We can 
 do this by putting forth effort. Our resources should 
 be advertised and our efforts, if carried out along the 
 line of boost instead of knock, will be crowned with 
 success, and there is no reason that my statement 
 in Bozeman that five years hence will see a city here 
 of five thousand, will not have become a positive 
 fact.’’ 
 
 The interview concludes with a statement by the 
 editor ; "That Mr. Cameron's efforts are not without 
 result is shown by the fact that several investors have 
 already visited our valley from Bozeman and are 
 interested.” 
 
 In 1882 Air. Cameron disposed of all his interests 
 and went east, traveling over the country with trotting 
 and running horses. However the lure of the west was 
 in his blood and in 1886 he returned to Alontana and 
 located at Helena. He operated in general mining 
 business in various camps in the state for about five 
 years and in 1891 went to Colorado, where for two 
 years he operated in the Cripple Creek and Crede dis- 
 tricts. He went thence to Sioux City, Iowa, and again 
 became active in the horse business, his interests in 
 this field taking him to Chicago. In the Windy City 
 he became interested in real estate and remained there 
 four years. Again the fascination of far-away Alon- 
 tana became a disturbing element in his dreams and 
 he returned to remain within the boundaries of the 
 state from that time till the present. Despite its vast 
 proportions Air. Cameron is familiar with every corner 
 
1122 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 of the state, his real estate business having taken 
 him over it. He became interested in White Sulphur 
 Springs, in whose future he believes and whose peculiar 
 advantages impressed him, and in 1910 he established 
 himself here. As mentioned previously, he divides 
 his energies between mining and the realty business. 
 
 We quote several passages from a letter issued to 
 prospective investors as exemplifying the fair and hon- 
 est methods of the D. Cameron Realty Company. 
 They operate on a strictly commission basis, and con- 
 sequently the prices are as low as possible, and from 
 this unexaggerated account of the advantages of Smith 
 valley it can be seen that they put the country on its 
 own merits and do not seek to attract by sensational 
 stories. 
 
 “The land of grain of which no other spot on the 
 continent produces, a land where hardy vegetables are 
 raised equal to the best in this country, a land that 
 for the want of effort of the practical farmer of mod- 
 ern methods has had its real resources hidden and 
 until now has been used for little else than cattle and 
 sheep raising, the latter industries of course have been 
 most profitable in not only Montana but the entire 
 west. And only with great reluctance are the great 
 cattle and sheep barons giving way to the progressive 
 onward march of the modern method ranching and 
 we are pleased to say that our company has con- 
 tributed no small part in bringing about this new con- 
 dition, by a persistent endeavor made in our humble 
 way to acquaint the eastern farmer of the great pos- 
 sibilities offered in western ranching. 
 
 “The Smith River Valley .occupies a splendid posi- 
 tion. It is located in about the southern central part 
 of Montana, lying between Castle and the Elk moun- 
 tains on the east, and the Big Belt mountains of the 
 west, and is about fifty miles in length and from ten 
 to twenty miles in width. The beautiful Smith river, 
 which parallels a branch line connecting with the 
 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, with its 
 many tributaries which feed it. run through the center 
 of the valley, furnishing ample water the year round 
 for all necessary uses, yet the county is not depend- 
 ent on the river or other streams, for wherever prac- 
 tical methods have been resorted to it has been 
 demonstrated that the thousands of acres of bench 
 lands are productive for drv farming, for on such 
 lands and under such conditions some of the best 
 crops have been obtained, these lands yielding from 
 thirty to forty bushels of wheat per acre and from 
 sixty to eighty bushels of oats per acre, and it is de- 
 cidedly advantageous for grasses on account of the 
 superior quality of soil.” 
 
 Mr. Cameron is a son of John Cameron, who was 
 born in Scotland and came to America as a boy. He 
 settled in Canada upon his arrival here and there 
 resided for a good many years. He located in Min- 
 nesota and then removed to Kansas, where he followed 
 the mercantile business and subsequently took up his 
 residence in Kansas City, where he was gathered to 
 his fathers at the age of eighty-eight years, his remains 
 being there interred. He married Rebecca McRae in 
 Canada, and her demise occurred in 1899, when her 
 years numbered seventy-eight. There’ were eleven 
 children in the elder Cameron family, the subject being 
 the third in order of birth. The young Duncan received 
 his public school education in- Minneapolis and first 
 laiew the pleasurable emotions of a capitalist at the 
 age of twelve, when he grubbed out trees on a farm 
 twelve miles out of Minneapolis for the compensation 
 of sixty-five cents per day, which money he gave to 
 his mother. After this he followed a number of 
 occupations, such are as usually intrusted into the 
 hands of lads prior to starting out into the world. In 
 religious conviction he is a Presbyterian and he is an 
 active Republican, taking no inconsiderable interest in 
 party affairs Fraternally he is an Eagle, He is fond 
 
 of hunting and fishing and exceedingly fond of base 
 ball, being one of Meagher county's most eloquent 
 and inspiring^ rooters. He is an enthusiastic motorist 
 and owns a fine car, in which he has viewed the gran- 
 deur of Montana’s varied scenery. His delight in auto- 
 mobiling has not extinguished his pleasure in fine 
 horses and he keeps several admirable ones. This is 
 his testiinony in regard to Montana ; “I left Montana 
 three different times and each time have returned, 
 more satisfied than ever that it is an ideal section. 
 I could not be satisfied anywhere else. I am sure 
 Montana offers more inducements and better oppor- 
 tunities than any other state.” 
 
 Mr. Cameron was married at Athens, Wisconsin, 
 in 1893, his chosen lady being May Johns. Her lam- 
 entable demise occurred at the age of thirty years, in 
 1899, and her remains are interred at Athens. There 
 is one child, a boy, Edgar Duncan, now attending 
 school at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. 
 
 The following article written by B. E. Green, editor 
 of the Martinsdale Independent, is copied herewith 
 for the reason that it casts light on Mr. Cameron’s 
 public-spirited interest in Meagher county and at the 
 same time affords a glimpse of the attractiveness of 
 this part of the state. 
 
 “While visiting in White Sulphur Springs last week 
 on business, it was my g'ood fortune to come in closer 
 contact with the hospitable people of that beautiful and 
 enterprising community than on any of my previous 
 visits. ^ I was most forcibly struck by the marked 
 expression on the part of the Springs citizens towards 
 the people of Martinsdale, and the words of praise 
 and gratitude for the magnificent showing and assist- 
 ance rendered in the fight for the Meagher county 
 court house. 
 
 “The writer is particularly indebted to Mr. D. Cam- 
 eron, of the D. Cameron Realty Company, the largest 
 indiv'.dual realty dealer in this section of the state, 
 who placed one of his automobiles at my disposal, 
 thus enabling me not only to see the town with its 
 adjacent new additions, but also to traverse nearly 
 the entire Smith River valley. 
 
 “I have always been aware of the fact that this 
 beautiful valley possessed great resources and was 
 destined to a most successful future, but one must 
 needs visit this garden spot to understand and 
 thoroughly appreciate its vast possibilities and seem- 
 ingly^ indescribable beauty. 
 
 "Picture to yourself a fertile strip of peaceful val- 
 ley about fifty miles in length, ranging from ten to 
 twenty miles in width, banked on either side by snow- 
 capped mountain ranges from which ever flow the 
 beautiful rivulets that go to make and feed the Smith 
 river, that, in its turn, furnishes the nourishment for 
 an ever responsive soil ; witness the peace, comfort 
 and prosperity evidenced by the magnificent homes 
 with the great ample outbuildings, bursting as it were, 
 with the products of the lands ; note the well-fed 
 cattle grazing in meadows and on hill; observe the 
 expression of contentment of the wives and daughters 
 of its ranchers, and you have but a glimpse only of 
 the wonders of that valley. 
 
 “I cannot but say that it seems to me that no words 
 of the poet or brush of the artist can do justice to its 
 beauty and time itself will only tell of its vast and 
 boundless opportunities. 
 
 “On Wednesday of last week, Mr. Cameron at the 
 wheel, we motored to the famous crystal cave in the 
 Castle mountains, about eight miles east of White 
 Sulphur Springs. This particular cave has been much 
 written about by the most noted paleontologists and 
 geologists occupying chairs in the different universi- 
 ties not only of this country, but of the old world. 
 It is the regret of the writer that his education has 
 not been sufficiently advanced in the sciences to in- 
 telligently describe this remarkable cave. Suffice it to 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1123 
 
 say, however, that the effort necessary to reach it was 
 well rewarded by the interesting scenes within its 
 wonderful chambers. The cave is about two hundred 
 feet in depth and comprises a number of high, dome- 
 shaped roofs, the ceilings of which reflect in its crystal 
 facets and stalactites, myriads of beautiful vari-colored 
 lights, one chamber in particular, known as the bridal 
 chamber, and in which our party lunched, beirig said 
 to be the most gorgeous cave of its kind in existence. 
 
 “On our return we visited the Ram’s Horn Cave, 
 situated about five miles northeast of White Sulphur. 
 In response to an expressed desire to visit the mines, 
 we were immediately whirled out to Mr. Cameron’s 
 mine, known as the Cleaveland Alabama Mining Com- 
 pany, where our party made a tour through the dif- 
 ferent tunnels and underground workings of this 
 splendid property. Mining bears no small relation to 
 the ot’ner resouries that go to build up community, 
 state and nation, and the great possibilities offered in 
 this line from the vast mineral deposits in the moun- 
 tains surrounding the Smith River valley must ere 
 long contribute its share to the building up of this 
 part of the state. Mr. Cameron tells me that this mine 
 is in excellent shape and he is arranging for the im- 
 mediate shipment of ore from it and that, too, there 
 will be several other properties in close proximity to 
 White Sulphur Springs soon in ore shipping con- 
 dition. 
 
 “On our return to White Sulphur Springs the writer 
 was that evening a guest at a dinner given at the 
 Springs Hotel under the auspices of the Meagher County 
 Boosters Club, where a most enjoyable evening was 
 spent and renewals of friendship and fealty pledged 
 in speeches made to our people of Martinsdale.” 
 
 Elbridge M. Smith, who is efficiently filling the office 
 of treasurer of Madison county, Montana, has for many 
 years been a leading and influential citizen of this 
 county and his activity in business affairs, his co-opera- 
 tion in public interests and his zealous support of all 
 objects that he believes will contribute to the material, 
 social or moral improvement of this section keeps him 
 in the foremost rank of those to whom this county owes 
 its development and present position as one of the im- 
 portant business districts of Montana. Mr. Smith main- 
 tains his home at Virginia City, where his genial, kindly 
 manner has won him the high regard and good will of 
 all with whom he comes in contact. 
 
 A native of Illinois, Elbridge M. Smith was born in 
 Hampshire, that state, April 29, 1878. Elbridge L. 
 Smith, father of the subject of this review, was born 
 and reared in Ohio, whence later he removed to Illinois. 
 In 1880 he came to Montana and settled in Madison 
 county, where he gained prominence along mercantile 
 lines. At one time he had stores at Twin Bridges, 
 Pony and Virginia City and he was the owner of con- 
 siderable real estate throughout this section of the state. 
 His death occurred June 14, 1893, at the age of fifty- 
 five years, and he is buried in the Masonic cemetery at 
 Virginia City, where his wife, who passed to the life 
 eternal in 1909, is likewise interred. Airs. Smith, whose 
 girlhood name was Augusta A. Grupp, was a great help 
 to her husband in his business affairs and after his 
 death she managed the entire estate with marked suc- 
 cess. She and her husband had but one child, Elbridge 
 M., of this notice. 
 
 Mr. Smith was a child of but two years of age at the 
 time of his parents’ removal to Montana, in 1880, and 
 here he has resided during the long intervening years 
 to the present time, in 1912. His preliminary educa- 
 tional training consisted of such advantages as were 
 offered in Pony and Virginia City and as a youth he be- 
 came associated with his father in the general merchan- 
 dise business. In 1900 he was appointed deputy clerk 
 of court at Virginia City and he retained that position 
 for a period of five years, at the end of which he went 
 voi. n— IS 
 
 to Whitehall, where he started a hotel with his mother. 
 Subsequently he disposed of the hotel and returned to 
 Virginia City, where he secured a position with the 
 Convey Placer Mining Company, working for that con- 
 cern at Ruby for nearly four years. At first he was 
 stock clerk but later assumed charge of the electrical 
 department of the company. In 1910 he resigned and 
 went to Twin Bridges, where he engaged in the auto- 
 mobile business for a short time and where he became 
 actively interested in politics. In the fall of that year he 
 was honored by his fellow citizens with election to the 
 office of treasurer of Aladison county, a position he is 
 now filling with the utmost satisfaction to his constitu- 
 ents. Mr. Smith has been interested in mining opera- 
 tions during the greater part of his active career and he 
 is the owner of several fine properties in Madison 
 county. He likewise has extensive real-estate holdings 
 in this county, being the owner of a number of lots 
 in Virginia City, Pony and Twin Bridges. 
 
 Ever since early boyhood Mr. Smith has manifested 
 great talent along mechanical lines and when but si.x- 
 teen years of age he built a full two-stamp mill, which 
 was moved to Summit and afterwards used for freeing 
 gold ore, and has a full operating engine that he built 
 himself at the age of fifteen years. He is very enthusi- 
 astic about Aladison county, where he has lived during 
 practically his entire lifetime thus far, and says that 
 from any point of view — mining, agriculture, cattle and 
 sheep-raising, etc., it is pretty hard to beat us and find 
 a country more promising. 
 
 In the city of Butte, Montana, August ii, 1902, Air. 
 Smith was united in marriage to Aliss Sarah E. Walkers 
 a daughter of James G. Walker, of Virginia City. Four 
 children have been born to this union, as follows : 
 Edith V. and Aluriel, both in school ; Garth AI., de- 
 ceased ; and Geraldine A., the baby at home. Air. and 
 Airs. Smith are devout communicants of the Episcopal 
 church in their religious faith and she is a stanch church 
 worker, being likewise a member of the Ladies Guild. 
 Fraternally Air. Smith is a Alason, being a valued and 
 appreciative member of the lodge, chapter, council and 
 commandery of the York Rite branch of that organiza- 
 tion and being also a member of the Ancient Arabic 
 Order of the Nobles of the Alystic Shrine. He is fond 
 of music and is a skilled player on the piano and he 
 devotes a great deal of time to reading along scientific 
 lines. His greatest pleasure, however, is in the study 
 of mechanics and its application. He is the owner of a 
 fine automobile and he and his family enjoy many tours 
 throughout the country tributary to Virginia City. The 
 Smith home is renowned as a center of refinement and 
 most generous hospitality and it is the scene of many 
 attractive social gatherings. 
 
 Thomas E. Castle, foreman of the Virginia City 
 Times and proprietor of the Castle Hennery, a large 
 and well known chicken farm in Aladison county, Alon- 
 tana, is a representative business man and one who not 
 only has achieved his individual success but has also 
 public-spiritedly devoted himself to the general welfare 
 of his fellow citizens, having ever been foremost in ad- 
 vancing enterprises and improvements which will prove 
 of lasting benefit to the city, county and state. He is, 
 furthermore, a self-made man, having been bereft of 
 his parents at an early age and compelled to seek his 
 living and advancement as best he could. From the 
 first he was possessed of ambition and determination 
 and his energy, courage and business judgment have 
 brought him to a position of esteem and influence among 
 the citizens of this state, where he is a man of mark in 
 all the relations of life. 
 
 In Brookville, Indiana, on the 20th of December, 1861, 
 occurred the birth of Thomas E. Castle, who is a son 
 of Thomas I. and Alary J. (Knight) Castle, both of 
 whom were born in the city of Cincinnati, Ohio. The 
 father was a mechanic by trade and resided during the 
 
1124 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 major portion of his lifetime in Indiana, where his de- 
 mise occurred in 1879, at the age of forty-nine years. 
 He was a gallant and faithful soldier in the Union 
 army during the Civil war and as such was a member 
 of the Thirteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. His 
 wife, who preceded him to the life eternal, died in 
 1876. They are buried in Petersburg, Indiana. 
 
 Mr. Castle, of this notice, was a child of six years of 
 age at the time of his parents’ removal from Brookville 
 to Petersburg, Indiana, in which latter place he attended 
 the public schools until his mother’s death, in 1876. 
 The home broke up about that time and after his fath- 
 er’s death, three years later, Mr. Castle became entirely 
 dependent upon his own resources. For two years he 
 was employed as a farm hand on various estates in 
 Indiana and at the age of sixteen years he entered 
 upon an apprenticeship to learn the printer’s trade. In 
 1879 lie went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and thence to Chicago, 
 Illinois, in which latter city he remained until 1886, 
 when he went to California, where he worked on news- 
 papers in San Francisco and other cities for the ensu- 
 ing two years. In the early part of 1888 he came to 
 Montana and settled lin Butte, which place repre- 
 sented his home for the next eleven years, during which 
 tirne he was engaged in the mercantile business and in 
 printing. In 1899 he came to Virginia City, where he 
 has since resided continuously and where he is now 
 incumbent of the position of foreman of the Virginia 
 City Times, one of the best newspapers in the west. 
 In the year 1906 he started a chicken ranch about two 
 and a half miles distant from Virginia City and the 
 same is known as the Castle Flennery. Mr. Castle has 
 the largest exclusive poultry ranch in Montana and 
 breeds only thoroughbred fowls, which he ships to 
 various points throughout this section of the country. 
 He has met with unusual success in this enterprise and 
 as a business man is commended very highly for his 
 fair and honorable career. 
 
 In politics he is a stalwart Democrat and in a fraternal 
 way is affiliated with the Masons, the Elks, the Eagles 
 and the Woodmen of the World. He has served in an 
 official capacity in the Masonic order and in the Wood- 
 men of the World. He is fond of fishing and takes 
 many long rambles through the woods and mountains. 
 He insists that Montana is the best state in the best 
 country in the world and that Madison county is the 
 best county in the best state in the world. Mr. Castle 
 is married, his wife’s maiden name being Miss Sopha 
 Werner, and has three children, Edgar G., Alathea B. 
 and Helen L., the first two of whom are now attending 
 school. 
 
 Henry N. CoFFM.^N. Among the public-spirited 
 citizens of Billings whose standing and character en- 
 ’title them to conspicuous mention in the history of 
 Montana is Mr. Henry N. Coffman, who came to Mon- 
 tana in 1880 and accordingly must be numbered among 
 the pioneers of this section. He is a native of Putnam 
 county, Indiana, where he was born August 5, 1837. 
 His parents, William and Mary (Huffman) Coffman, 
 came originally from Kentucky, the father having been 
 born in that state, near Lexington, in 1812, and the 
 mother near Cynthia, in 1813. They came to Indiana 
 when young, met and married there, and became the 
 parents of ten children, six of whom, including Henry 
 N., are now living. Elizabeth is the wife of Alfred 
 Keller, Nancy is the widow of Jackson Keller, Pauline 
 is married to James Houser, Mary is the wife of 
 Daniel Hodge, the remaining member being the son 
 William. The elder Coffman followed the occupation 
 of farmer throughout his life, first in Putnam and later 
 in Owen county, in which last locality he died in 1888, 
 his wife having preceded him to the better land a year 
 earlier. The family was prominent in the life of the 
 community in which they lived and the name has been 
 an honored one for generations. 
 
 Henry N. Coffman, whose life this sketch briefly 
 reviews, spent his early boyhood days on his father’s 
 farm in Indiana and attended school during the win- 
 ters. He followed the occupation of farming with his 
 father in Owen county for several years, then in 1869 
 removed to a farm in Sullivan county, Missouri, where 
 he operated as a general farmer and stock raiser. In 
 1880 he came to Montana, locating first in Gallatin 
 county, where for the ten succeeding years he pros- 
 pered in the same line of endeavor. His next move 
 was to Fergus county, in which place he farmed for 
 thirteen years and then decided to return |to his 
 native state and again take up his residence there. He 
 had become thoroughly imbued with western life, how- 
 ever, and only remained in Indiana about a year and a 
 half, then again sought a location in Montana and came 
 to Yellowstone county and bought the farm three miles 
 east of Billings which he still conducts. Mr. Coffman 
 does not, however, live upon his ranch, but owns a home 
 in Billings which he occupies, and superintends the 
 farm work from day to day, driving back and forth as 
 necessity requires his presence on the place. 
 
 Mr. (Coffman was first married in 1859 to Miss Mar- 
 garet Jane Modderl, who was born in Indiana. She 
 became the mother of nine children, namely: Mary E., 
 wife of Samuel Belcher, of California; Sarah Jane, 
 widow of J. Henry Watson, and a resident also of Cali- 
 fornia ; Daniel V.; Henrietta, the wife of William Mc- 
 Callum ; William S. ; Bertram; Nettie M., wife of 
 Nathan Callantine ; Eva Ellen, wife of George Crolus ; 
 and Thomas. Mrs. Coffman died in 1884, and Mr. Coff- 
 man took as his second wife Elizabeth Rose, who also 
 died. His third marriage united him with Mrs. Fannie 
 King, nee Mull. She had been married three times 
 previously. Her first husband was Mr. Maderius, by 
 whom she bore two children, the second was Mr. Spratt, 
 four children being born of that union, a boy, who died 
 several years ago, Elizabeth, May and Frances, the 
 latter the wife of Steral Pomeroy, of Chicago. Her 
 third husband was Mr. King, and a son and daughter 
 were born of that union. Mr. and Mrs. Coffman have 
 a very pleasant and hospitable home in Billings and are 
 highly esteemed by a wide circle of friends and ac- 
 quaintances. They are active members of the Christian 
 church and take a great interest in all that makes for 
 the best welfare of the community in which they reside. 
 
 Mr. Coffman is a man of many fine personal qualities, 
 has broad sympathies, is liberal and progressive in all 
 that pertains to civic and commercial life and is rightly 
 counted among the most substantial and enterorising of 
 Billing’s citizens. 
 
 John H. Grant, of Roundup, Montana, is the lead- 
 ing contractor and architect of the district. He has 
 many imposing buildings to his credit, among them the 
 new school at Judith Gap. He has been engaged in 
 this line for several years, but had never devoted his 
 entire time to it until 1908, when he opened his present 
 office at Roundup. 
 
 Mr. Grant is not far from having the honor of being 
 a native son of Montana. Plis parents brought him 
 to the state when he was only a few months old and he 
 has lived within its bounds ever since. He was born 
 in ‘Downey, Iowa, March 2, 1879, the son of John M. 
 and Mary (Cameron) Grant. Mr. and Mrs. Grant 
 were both born in Scotland, came to America when 
 young and their marriage took place in Canada. Later 
 they moved to Iowa and came to Montana in 1880, 
 where Mr. Grant took up ranching. His death occur- 
 red nine years later, however, at White Sulphur_ Springs. 
 He was fifty-five years old at the time of his death. 
 His widow now lives with her son, John H., in Round- 
 up, and their other two children are married and reside 
 in other parts of Montana. Annie married Martin J. 
 Settle of Bozeman, and Egbert S. is married and re- 
 sides at Hodginsville. 
 

 f- 
 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1125 
 
 John H. Grant attended the public schools at Martins- 
 dale, White Sulphur Springs, and Helena, and finished 
 his education with a business college course at Helens'. 
 He earned his first money as a boy of fifteen by herd- 
 ing horses and cattle at a salary of forty dollars a 
 month. Later he started in the ranch and stock busi- 
 ness for himself, and for eight years operated a steam 
 thrashing outfit. He also worked as a contractor and 
 builder at odd times until 1908, when he decided to give 
 all of his attention to the latter business. 
 
 Mr. Grant attends the Presbyterian church, and as 
 a Republican takes an active interest in politics. He has 
 been connected with the school board, and has held 
 several offices in the Knights of Pythias lodge of 
 which he is a member. He also belongs to the Odd 
 Fellows and the Elks. He has never married. 
 
 Fred P. Holbrook. Representative men from all 
 parts of the United States have recognized the advan- 
 tages of Butte, Montana, as a commercial center, and 
 foreseen its growth and development as the leading 
 metropolis of an immensely rich section of the great 
 northwest, and those who came early and participated 
 in that rapid progress which the city has enjoyed of 
 recent years have received just rewards for their 
 shrewdness and insight. It was thirty years ago that 
 Mr. Fred P. Holbrook came from his Atlantic coast 
 home to Montana and decided to cast in his lot with 
 the fortunes of this portion of the west, and subse- 
 quent years have amply proved the wisdom of that 
 decision. Mr. Holbrook was a young man, energetic 
 and ambitious, and the country was new and in need 
 of such men to build it up. He came of hardy old 
 New England pioneer stock and was himself a native 
 of Maine, his birth having occurred at Newport, that 
 state, August 26, 1862. His father was William Hol- 
 brook, born in New Hampshire in 1820, of English 
 ancestry, the first members of the family having come 
 here in prerevolutionary days and been participators 
 in that great conflict which resulted in the establish- 
 ment of this independent country of freedom. Wil- 
 liam Holbrook was a contractor and builder of New- 
 port, Maine, and he spent his entire lifetime in that 
 state, dying there in 1877. He married Caroline 
 Boland, who was born in Maine in 1826, and whose 
 family came originally from Ireland, her great-grand- 
 father Boland having been one of the American founders 
 who settled in Maine very early. She survived her 
 husband several years and died in December, 1884. 
 
 Fred P. Holbrook was the youngest of a family 
 of seven children. He was reared and educated in 
 his native state, having enjoyed the advantages of 
 study in the public schools and later attended Corrina 
 Academy. His first independent business venture was 
 with the Canastota Publishing Company as a salesman 
 of subscription books for the firm, in which line of 
 work he was very successful both in a financial way 
 and in acquiring e.xperience in salesmanship and a 
 knowledge of human nature that was valuable to him 
 in after years. 
 
 Coming to Montana in 1880, Mr. Holbrook first 
 located at Helena. During his residence there he was 
 for a time proprietor of the old Merchants Hotel, 
 which he purchased and conducted for two years. 
 He later disposed of that hostelry and associated him- 
 self with the firm of Kleinschmidt Brothers & Co., 
 general merchants, taking charge of that company’s 
 store at Radersburg, Montana, and conducting it for 
 eight years. Upon severing his connection with that 
 firm he decided to engage in business on his own 
 account, and in 1891 came to Butte and established the 
 Fred Holbrook Shoe Store at 37 North Main street. 
 He did a large business in the retail sale of shoes at 
 that place until 1904, when he sold out and then estab- 
 lished the Kumfort Shoe Company, and under that 
 firm name has since conducted business in a com- 
 
 modious store at ■ 16 West Park street. He makes a 
 specialty of dealing in medium priced shoes and has 
 built up a fine trade, his stock being complete and up- 
 to-date, his goods low priced and of high proportion- 
 ate value, and his clerks courteous and competent. 
 
 Mr. Holbrook is a man of keen business ability, and 
 by judicious investments has acquired a large amount 
 of property, owning a number of valuable pieces of 
 real estate in the principal business section of the 
 city, where values are high. While his political .sym- 
 pathies .are Republican, he takes no active part in poli- 
 tical matters, but devotes his time to the management 
 of his large and increasing private business interests. 
 He is prominent in club and fraternal circles being a 
 member of the Butte Country Club, the Silver Bow 
 Club, Silver Bow Lodge, No. 48, A. F. & A. M., of 
 which he is a past master, and is a member also of the 
 Chapter and Council. He has a host of friends in this 
 city and state and is held in high esteem and respect 
 by all for his many sterling personal qualities, liber- 
 ality and broad sympathies. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Holbrook to Miss Margaret 
 Grace Scriber occurred February 28, 1894, at Salem, 
 Oregon. Mrs. Holbrook was born in Oregon, August 
 22, 1869, daughter of Charles Scriber, a pioneer settler 
 of Marion county, Oregon, and she died November 
 20, 1907, without issue. On April 29, 1911, Mr. Hol- 
 brook and Miss Jessie M. Magill were united in mar- 
 riage and they now occupy their well appointed and 
 hospitable home at 6241/^ North Galena street. Mrs. 
 Holbrook is a daughter of C. O. Magill, of Kansas, 
 a former resident of Butte. 
 
 Ch.-\rles B. Cl.\rk. Typical of the sturdy man- 
 hood that has been the medium through which the 
 state of Montana has achieved greatness within the 
 span of a few short years, Charles B. Clark stands 
 today among the most substantial citizens of Billings. 
 The success which has come to him is well merited and 
 has been fairly earned. He has had his full share of 
 disappointments and discouragements, but through- 
 out his career he has displayed a cheerful character, 
 philosophically taking his misfortunes as a part of 
 the trials to be borne by the pioneer in new fields 
 and new places, and that today he is regarded as one 
 of his city’s representative men is but the result of a 
 life of earnest, steadfast effort. A'lr. Clark was born 
 at Henderson, Sibley county, Minnesota, August 31, 
 1856, and is a son of John A. and Sarah (Butler) 
 Clark. , 
 
 Mr. Clark’s parents, natives of Ohio, removed from 
 that state to Illinois, where they spent some time in 
 Jo Daviess county, then going to Henry county, Iowa. 
 During the lead excitement at Galena, Illinois, they 
 returned to that place, the father engaging in lead 
 mining for five or six years, at the end of which time 
 the family moved to St. Paul, Minnesota. They re- 
 mained in St. Paul until the spring of 1852, when they 
 settled in Henderson, and there Mr. Clark’s death 
 occurred in 1857, in the midst of a successful mercan- 
 tile career. He was the owner of a large store, and 
 the high esteem in which he was universally held was 
 made manifest by his election to various offices of 
 public trust. He was the first sheriff of Sibley county, 
 and served in other public positions. 
 
 The education of Charles B. Clark was secured in 
 the common schools of his native place, and in 1866, 
 when he was ten years old, went with his mother to 
 Litchfield, In which town they remained until 1873. 
 He then joined the Stanley expedition engaged in run- 
 ning the first lines of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 and as a member of the surveying party made his first 
 entrance into Montana. He remained within the limits 
 of the territory until the expedition disbanded a few 
 months later, when he went to Bismarck, North Dakota, 
 and in the fall of 1876 joined the stampede to the 
 
1126 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Black Hills. The next four years were spent in mining 
 and freighting, but he met with only indifferent suc- 
 cess, and in the spring of 1880 he came up the Yellow- 
 stone to Bozeman. In the fall he went to Helena and 
 engaged in sawmilling with Holter Brothers, remain- 
 ing in that vicinity until 1888, and during that time 
 located the Jerusha mine at Empire, which he and 
 “Deaf John’’ Gleason developed. Mr. Clark sold his 
 interest in this property to A. J. Seligman after he 
 had taken out about $50,000 worth of ore, and he then 
 went to Butte where he leased and worked various 
 mines with a fair degree of success. In 1893 he gave 
 up mining and located on Clark’s Fork, fifteen miles 
 east of Red Lodge, where he developed one of the 
 finest ranches in the state, with every improvement 
 known to modern ranch.ing. For a number of years 
 he gave a great deal of attention to the raising of 
 Hereford cattle, and at times had as high as 500 head, 
 but sold his interest in this line, intending to give up 
 his business activities and retire. This, however, was 
 not to be. In 1907 he disposed of his ranch and took 
 a trip to Alaska, and during the summer of that year 
 associated himself with T. P. McDonald in the Behring 
 coal fields, where he and his friends invested $200,000. 
 A contract was drawn with the Alaska Syndicate Rail- 
 road to build a road into the coal mines being developed, 
 they to take 300 tons of coal per day at $7.00 per ton, 
 but the interested parties were notified by Government 
 Agent Garvis that mining must cease, and they thus 
 were victims of the Ballinger-Pinchot controversy. 
 During the winter of 1907 Mr. Clark returned to 
 Seattle, 'W^ashington, where he spent the winter and 
 spring and in May, 1908, went to Prince Rupert, the 
 terminal of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railroad. He 
 then moved on to Skeena and some 200 miles further 
 to Hazelton where he began prospecting for coal. 
 With his associates he located ten sections of coal lands 
 and during that summer returned to Seattle. During 
 the spring that followed he returned to Alaska, going 
 up Cook’s Pass to Knik where he purchased a saddle 
 horse and pack animals, and passed on to Talkettna 
 range, near Mount McKinley. Meeting, however, with 
 only indifferent success, Mr. Clark returned to Seattle, 
 where he was joined by his family and they all came 
 on to Billings. During the summer of 1911 he made 
 another trip to British Columbia, and took a bond on 
 ten copper claims in the Buckley valley which he had 
 noticed on a previous trip. Crews of men are now 
 developing this property. 
 
 In April, 1893, Mr. Clark was married to Miss Mary 
 Barkley, a native of Shakopee, Minnesota, and daugh- 
 ter of John Barkley. They have no children except an 
 adopted daughter, Ruth. In fraternal relations he is 
 affiliated with the Modern Woodmen of America. Mr. 
 Clark’s home is situated at No. 803 North Twenty- 
 eighth street. Mr. Clark has led a busy and a useful 
 life, and during the years of his activity has done 
 much to develop the resources of his adopted state. 
 He well merits the esteem and confidence in which he 
 is held by his fellow citizens. 
 
 John B. Sulliv.\n, M. D. A resident of Montana 
 from his childhood days. Dr. Sullivan has risen to a 
 position of distinct prominence as one of the repre- 
 sentative physicians and surgeons of the metropolis 
 of the state, his success being the more gratifying to 
 note by reason of the fact that it stands as the concrete 
 result of his own ability and efforts. Through his own 
 earning he defrayed the expenses of his professional 
 education, and to one of such marked ambition and 
 determination success comes as a logical sequel of well 
 directed endeavors. The doctor has served as city 
 
 physician of Butte and has been secretary of the 
 county board of health since 1905, his retention of this 
 office showing his strong hold upon popular esteem in 
 
 the community and also indicating the high regard in 
 which he is held by his professional confreres. 
 
 Dr. Sullivan claims the old Keystone state as the 
 place of his nativity, as he was born in Newcastle, 
 Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, on the 23d of October, 
 1878. He is a son of Timothy D. and Johanna (Con- 
 nolly) Sullivan, both natives of Ireland, the former 
 having been born in County Kerry, in 1836, and the 
 latter in County Kilkenny, in 1848. Timothy D. Sul- 
 livan came to America in 1852, as a boy of about fifteen 
 years, and thereafter he was continuously identified with 
 mining operations in the state of Pennsylvania for 
 more than a quarter of a century, a man of sterling 
 character and unflagging industry. In 1880 he came 
 with his family to the territory of Montana and located 
 at Butte, where he found employment in connection 
 with the mining industry. He died in Helena on the 
 nth of April, 1889. There are few dramatic passages 
 in the history of his life, but his course was marked 
 by impregnable integrity of purpose and by earnest 
 effort as one of the world’s workers, so that he ac- 
 counted well in all the relations of life and was not 
 denied the confidence and esteem of his fellow men. 
 His wife, came to the United States in 1870 and their 
 marriage was solemnized in 1873, at Newcastle, Penn- 
 sylvania. The devoted wife and mother was sum- 
 moned to the life eternal on the 17th of February, 
 1881, her death having occurred at Meaderville, a sub- 
 urb of the city of Butte. Both she and her husband 
 were devout communicants of the Catholic church, 
 and to this noble mother of Christendom three of 
 their four children have dedicated their lives. Dr. Sul- 
 livan, of this review, being the one exception. Rev. 
 Ambrose A. Sullivan, eldest of the children, is a 
 member of the Jesuit order of the Catholic priest- 
 hood and is a resident of St. Ignatius, Montana, 
 as well as a missionary among the Indians of that sec- 
 tion. Rev. Stephen J. Sullivan is likewise one of the 
 representative members of the priesthood of the Cath- 
 olic church in Montana and is president of St. Charles’ 
 College, in the city of Helena. Dr. John B. Sullivan, 
 subject of this sketch, is the youngest of the sons, and 
 the only daughter, Josie C., who was born in the city of 
 Butte, on the 14th of February, 1881, is a Sister of 
 Charity in the Catholic church, her present residence 
 being at Leavenworth, Kansas. 
 
 Dr. Sullivan is indebted to the parochial and public 
 schools of Helena, Montana, for his early educational 
 advantages, and in pursuance of his higher academic 
 studies he entered Gonzaga College, a fine Catholic 
 University at Spokane, Washington, in which he was 
 graduated as a member of the class of 1895 and from 
 which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 Thereafter he held a clerical and executive position in 
 the office of one of the extensive smelting plants at 
 Anaconda, Montana, until 1899, taking this means to 
 secure the funds with which to complete his course 
 in medical college, as he had early formulated definite 
 plans for his future career. He finally entered the 
 College of Physicians and Surgeons in the city of St. 
 Louis, Missouri, and in this admirably ordered institu- 
 tion he was graduated as a member of the class of 
 1903, the while he earned most fully his coveted degree 
 of Doctor of Medicine, being one of the honor grad- 
 uates. After his graduation Dr. Sullivan returned to 
 Butte and here he has since given his time and attention 
 to the work of his profession, in which he has gained 
 distinctive success and prestige, with ^ specially high 
 reputation as a surgeon and with a clientage of rep- 
 resentative character. For five years after his gradua- 
 tion he continued to give efficient service as a member 
 of the surgical staff of St. James’ hospital and in this 
 connection he gained wide and varied clinical _ experi- 
 ence. In 1909 he held the office of city physician of 
 Butte and he has been secretary of the board of health 
 of his home county since 1905, as previously stated 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1127 
 
 in this context. The doctor is a close student and 
 by availing himself of the best of the standard and 
 periodical literature of his profession he keeps in close_ 
 touch with the advances made in the sciences of 
 medicine and surgery. He is a progressive and loyal 
 citizen, takes a deep interest in all that _ touches the 
 welfare of his home city and state and is a staunch 
 advocate of the principles and policies of the Dem- 
 ocratic party, in whose cause he has given effective 
 service. Holds the unique position of being the only 
 physician in the State of Montana, who is a regularly 
 qualified and practising attorney, having been admitted 
 on examination before the supreme court of the 
 state to practice law in all the courts of the state. He 
 is a communicant of the Catholic church and is affiliated 
 with the Knights of Columbus and_ Elks. Dr. Sulli- 
 van is held in unqualified esteem in the community 
 which is the stage of his earnest and effective services 
 in his profession. Dr. Sullivan is unmarried. 
 
 Charles McDonnell. Coming to Big Timker more 
 than thirty years ago, as the first man to bring sheep 
 into the Yellowstone valley, Charles McDonnell, state 
 senator from Sweet Grass county and president ot 
 the Citizens State Bank of Big Timber, has had a varied 
 and eventful career, during which he has steadfastly 
 progressed in business and public life, and now holds 
 an influential position among the citizens of the com- 
 munity in which he has resided for so many years. Mr. 
 McDonnell was born in County Mayo, Ireland, April 
 i6, 1850, and is a son of John and Mary (Hefiferon) 
 McDonnell, natives of County Mayo. John McDonnell 
 was a merchant and farmer and spent his days in Ire- 
 land. where he died in 1871, at the age of fifty-two 
 years, while his widow still resides in the old home 
 and has attained the advanced age of eighty-one years. 
 They had a family of four children: Charles; James, 
 who resides in New York state; Ellen, who is deceased; 
 and Annie, the wife of Joseph Holmes, living in 
 Ireland. 
 
 The education of Charles McDonnell was secured 
 in the national schools of his native country and in 
 a private academy, and he subsequently devoted his 
 attention to agricultural pursuits. In 1870 he decided 
 to try his fortunes in America, and accordingly came 
 to the United States. Landing in New York City, 
 he remained in the metropolis only a short time, when 
 he journeyed to Sacramento, California, and from there 
 went to Red Bluff, \vhere he worked as a farm hand 
 and sheep herder. Being economical and industrious, 
 he carefully invested his savings in sheep, and when 
 he had accumulated a band of 3,000 started overland 
 for Montana. Driving them through Forty-nine Can- 
 yon, Nevada, he crossed the Little and Big Humboldt 
 rivers, and when he came to the Central Pacific Rail- 
 road, followed the tracks from Hallack to Humboldt 
 Wells, then going north to the Thousand Spring- 
 valley, on to the head of Goose creek, and City Rock, 
 at the head of Raft river. He went down that stream 
 to Snake river, and from American Falls to Fort 
 Hall and then on to Blackfoot and Camas, Idaho, sub- 
 sequently crossing the Rocky Mountains into Dillon, 
 Montana, through Virginia City, and on to Red Rock. 
 After leaving the latter place, Mr. McDonnell came 
 to the toll bridge of Henry Haywood, who demanded 
 two cents toll for each sheep that crossed the bridge. 
 Money was a scarce commodity at that time with Mr. 
 McDonnell, and he was having a spirited argument 
 with Mr. Haywood when an incident that occurred 
 was the means of saving him considerable money, at 
 least what was to him considerable money in those days, 
 a matter of some forty dollars. Mrs. Haywood was 
 the owner of seven fine maltese cats who took exception 
 to the presence of Mr. McDonnell’s shepherd dog and 
 started a regular Kilkenny fight. Mrs. Haywood, com- 
 ing from milking her cows, with a large bucket of 
 
 milk, took a hand in the affair, using her milk pail 
 and spilling its contents all over the dog and cats 
 and finally all hands joined in, the dog getting consid- 
 erably the worst of the argument. The sheep becom- 
 ing frightened at the uproar crossed the bridge, and 
 Mr. McDonnell followed them. When asked by Mr. 
 Haywood what he was going to do about the matter, 
 Mr. McDonnell replied in like manner, and the argu- 
 ment came to a conclusion when Mr. McDonnell gave 
 the other a twenty dollar gold piece, about one-third 
 of what was originally asked by Mr. Haywood. Mr. 
 McDonnell then proceeded on through the Gallatin 
 valley into Bozeman, and remembers that there was 
 not more than a quarter of a mile of fence all along 
 the road. He continued on to the Yellowstone valley, 
 and arrived at Big Timber creek November 7, 1880, 
 being the pioneer sheepman of the valley, and con- 
 tinued to do business until 1904, since which time he 
 has retired from active work, although he still has 
 considerable money invested in the sheep industry. His 
 feat of driving his sheep over the Bozeman pass created 
 quite a lot of excitement at the time it was accom- 
 plished. In 1881 he removed to American Fork and 
 took up a pre-emption claim, to which he added from 
 time to time until he had 26,000 acres. He was for 
 many years associated with Edward Veasey, having as 
 many as 20,000 head of sheep at a time, and also devot- 
 ing a great deal of attention to the raising of hay, the 
 land being under the most effective irrigation. A cross 
 between the Cotswold and Merino breeds was the fav- 
 orite with this firm. 
 
 Mr. McDonnell was generally recognized as one of 
 the leading sheepmen of his community, and it was 
 but natural that he should turn his business ability to 
 good advantage when he settled in Big Timber. He 
 was the prime mover in the organization of the Citi- 
 zens State Bank, and from its inception. May 25, 1906, 
 has acted as its president. A stanch and active Repub- 
 lican, he has been known as one of the influential 
 workers in the ranks of his party. In 1904 he was 
 first elected state senator from Sweet Grass county, 
 was again sent to the senate in 1909, and has succeeded 
 himself in office in 1910, 1911 and 1912. He is fra- 
 ternally connected with the Odd Fellows, and with his 
 family attends the Roman Catholic church. During 
 his long residence in this section he has accumulated 
 a wide acquaintance, and in business and public and 
 private life has many warm friends. 
 
 On December 22, 1891, Mr. McDonnell was married 
 to Miss Elizabeth Feeley, who was born in County 
 Roscommon, Ireland, daughter of Patrick and Marie 
 (Naughton) Feeley, natives of County Roscommon, 
 where Mr. Feeley still lives, being interested in farm- 
 ing, while his wife has passed away. Mr. and Mrs. 
 McDonnell have had six children : Annie, Bella, Edith, 
 Evaline, Alexander Ranald and Charles E. 
 
 Arthur G. H.\tch. An eminent representative of the 
 Montana bar, and for the last quarter of a century one 
 of the most prominent men of Sweet Grass county, 
 both in public and professional life, Arthur G. Hatch, 
 county attorney of Sweet Grass county, and city at- 
 torney of Big Timber since its organization, holds an 
 enviable position among the legists of the state. His 
 birth occurred in Pike county, Illinois, where the family 
 held precedence as pioneer settlers, October ii, 1856, 
 and is a son of Reuben B. and Ellen (Bush) Hatch. 
 Reuben B. Hatch was born in New Hampshire in 1830, 
 and during the early ’thirties accompanied his parents 
 to Pike county. Illinois, where he secured his education. 
 He was reared to agricultural pursuits, which he fol- 
 lowed until the outbreak of the Civil war, at the begin- 
 ning of which struggle he was made chief quartermaster 
 of the Thirteenth Army Corps. Later he served on Gen- 
 eral Dana’s staff, and his military career was an active 
 and brilliant one. On his return to civil life, he em- 
 
1128 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 barked in a mercantile business at Quincy, Illinois, 
 with which he was identified at the time of his death, 
 in 1871. His wife, who was born in 1824, in Pitts- 
 field, Massachusetts, survived him until 1893. They had 
 a family of nine children, of whom five are living. In 
 political matters Mr. Hatch was a Democrat. 
 
 Arthur G. Hatch received his early education in the 
 public schools of Pike county, Illinois, and subsequently 
 became a student in Columbia (Missouri) University. 
 After graduating from that institution, he began to 
 read law in the office of C. C. Boland, Rolla, Missouri, 
 and in 1878 was admitted to practice in the Missouri 
 courts. In 1880 he removed to White Sulphur Springs, 
 Montana, and in 1887 came to Big Timber, where he 
 has since built up an extensive practice. An active 
 and energetic Democrat, he has served as city attorney 
 of Big Timber since the organization of the city, and 
 since 1911 has been county attorney of Sweet Grass 
 county. He is a valued and popular member of the 
 Montana Bar Association, and his many talents have 
 gained him the respect and esteem of his confreres. As 
 an advocate and sane and conservative counsel, Mr. 
 Platch has won prestige, having that most essential 
 quality of taking infinite care in the preparation of his 
 cases and never presenting a case until he gained com- 
 plete mastery of its salient points. As a public official 
 he has shown a conscientious devotion to the duties of 
 his office, and Sweet Grass county has no more popular 
 public servant. Fraternally, Mr. Platch is connected 
 with the Knights of Pythias. 
 
 Jacob Osenbrug. Among the pioneer business men 
 of Butte, Montana, who have been active participators 
 in the growth of the city from a small town to an im- 
 portant commercial center of metropolitan proportions 
 such as it now stands, is Jacob Osenbrug, president of 
 the Home Baking Company of Butte. Mr. Osenbrug 
 was born in the province of Hanover, Germany, on Jan- 
 uary 28, i860, the son of a prosperous merchant in the 
 province of Hanover, near Hamburg. His parents, 
 Klaus Osenbrug and Elizabeth (Stockmann) Osenbrug, 
 were both born in Germany and passed their lives in 
 that country. The father died at Hollern in 1881, hav- 
 ing reached the age of seventy-two years, while the 
 mother survived him one year and was sixty-six years 
 of age when she died. 
 
 Jacob Osenbrug attended the public schools of Hollern 
 as a child and later was sent to a private school, where 
 he continued to pursue his studies until he reached his 
 fourteenth year. He was then apprenticed to learn a 
 trade, as is the invariable custom in Germany in the 
 case of the sons of the family, whether rich or poor, and 
 the trade he elected to master was that of a baker and 
 confectioner. After a three years’ apprenticeship he 
 worked as a journeyman for less than a year in Ger- 
 many, then went to England, where he was similarly 
 employed for six months. In the spring of 1879 he de- 
 cided to seek his fortune in the western world, and em- 
 barking, was three weeks upon the ocean in the vessel 
 “Mosel.” Arriving in America, he made his first ob- 
 jective point St. Louis, Missouri. He remained in that 
 city but a short season, however, and in spite of the fact 
 that he had insufficient funds in hand to properly finance 
 the journey, determined to come to Butte. When he 
 reached Ogden, Utah, his money was entirely exhausted. 
 He sou.ght and secured employment there, earning a sum 
 sufficient to buy a pony, having in the meantime walked 
 a portion of the way to Idaho Falls. From that point 
 he made his way more easily on horseback and finally 
 arrived in Butte, possessed of a fund of experience he 
 could in no other way have obtained, and undaunted 
 determination to work his way to a position of success 
 and honor in his new home. 
 
 There was no bakery in Butte at the time Mr. Osen- 
 brug arrived here and he was accordingly obliged to 
 
 turn his hand to whatever kind of lucrative employment 
 he could find. In a short time, however, he succeeded 
 in interesting Joseph Pitzer in the establishment of a 
 bakery and undertook its management. The enterprise 
 represented a struggle from the beginning, with limited 
 capital and a change in partners at intervals, but all 
 united in demonstrating Mr. Osenbrug’s fitness for the 
 business, and in 1882 he was able to purchase an interest 
 in the establishment. This acquisition was the nucleus 
 for the foundation of what afterwards became known 
 as the Home Baking Company, as now reads the firm 
 name under which he at present operates. His first 
 little shop was located at No. 13 east Granite street and 
 was known as the Eagle Bakery, and the pioneers who 
 remember the place years ago find it difficult to believe 
 that the present immense plant is its immediate suc- 
 cessor. In 1884, when Mr. Osenbrug had become sole 
 owner, he bought the property at No. 15-17 east Granite, 
 and in 1885 he built the building that still stands there. 
 The Home Baking Company is known to be the only 
 machine bakery in the state, and it has a capacity of 
 thirty thousand loaves of bread daily. Twenty-one peo- 
 ple are employed in operating the bakery and attending 
 to the trade. Not only are local sales large, but an 
 extensive shipping business is also done, many stores in 
 other parts of the state being supplied with products 
 from the Butte plant. Home Baking Company bread 
 and other bakery products are known for their superior 
 quality throughout Montana and the business which is 
 already so extensive is constantly increasing. The com- 
 pany was incorporated in 1904 with Mr. Osenbrug as 
 president; H. J. Rathmiller, vice president, and John 
 Haller, treasurer. 
 
 In addition to his connection with the ITome Baking 
 Company as its executive head, Mr. Osenbrug has other 
 financial interests which mark him as one of the sub- 
 stantial elements of the city’s commercial and industrial 
 life. He is an extensive owner of valuable city and 
 country real estate, and is also a financial factor in 
 the ownership of several valuable mining properties. 
 Throughout his residence in the country and city of his 
 adoption he has manifested a marked interest in public 
 and civic matters and discharged his duty as a con- 
 scientious citizen with intelligence and integrity. He 
 was a member of Company F, First Montana State 
 Militia for eleven years. In political matters he advo- 
 cates Republican principles, but takes no active part in 
 party affairs. He holds membership in several of the 
 leading clubs and fraternal orders of the city, including 
 the Silver Bow Club, the Masonic fraternity, in which 
 he is a member of Butte Chapter No. 24, R. A. M., the 
 Knights of the Maccabees, the Modern Woodmen of 
 America and the Sons of Hermann. 
 
 On March 9, 1883, occurred the marriage of Mr. Osen- 
 brug to Miss Mary M. Heinbockel, a native of Germany. 
 Six children were born of this union, five of whom are 
 living, named as follows : Henry Jacob, Lydia, Rudolph 
 P,, Edward and Albert M. Another son, Albert by 
 name, died when nine months of age. The mother of 
 this family died October 18, 1900. Mr. Osenbrug mar- 
 ried again on December 5, 1901, to Mrs. Anna Kroeger, 
 a sister of his first wife. She had one son by her first 
 marriage, William Kroeger. The family home is main- 
 tained at No. 825 West Broadway, where in 1895 Mr. 
 Osenbrug built the fine residence which they occupy. 
 
 Mr. Osenbrug is a citizen who is held in the high 
 personal esteem of all who know him, because of his 
 many fine qualities and he has a wide circle of friends 
 and acquaintances, in which he is known as a g'entleman 
 of liberality and the strictest integrity, and as one who 
 stands always ready to lend the weight of his influence 
 to any project that has for its object the greatest good 
 of the community in which he resides. 
 
 Jere Joseph Murphy. Standing at the head of the 
 well-organized and efficient police department of the 
 

 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1129 
 
 city of Butte is Jere Joseph Murphy, a whole-souled, 
 broad-minded Irishman; a capable and popular public 
 official; and a citizen of integrity and worth, who is 
 devoting his time and energies to the duties of his 
 position. A native of Ireland, he was born February 
 27, 1867, in Kilkenny. His parents, John and Margaret 
 (Conry) Murphy, spent their entire lives in the 
 Emerald Isle, his mother dying in 1896, at the_ age of 
 forty-five years, and his father in 1897, aged fifty-five 
 years. 
 
 Coming in boyhood with his brother John to the 
 United States, Jere Joseph IMurphy continued his 
 studies in the schools of Pueblo, Colorado, where, 
 after completing his education, he began work in the 
 office of Chief Desmond. Leaving that position, he 
 made his way to Montana, locating in Anaconda, 
 where he worked in a smelter for a time, and also 
 started the Saratoga Hotel. Disposing of his interests 
 in that locality, Mr. iMurphy came, in 1886, to Butte, 
 and here opened the Edgerton House, which he con- 
 ducted for a time, when he disposed of it to Daniel 
 Drew to become city detective under Mayor E. O. 
 Dugan. He continued under Mayor Dugan uptil the 
 administration of Mayor Thompson, when he retired 
 and entered the employ of the Anaconda Company. 
 He was subsequently made city detective under Mayors 
 Harrington and Thompson until the administration of 
 Mayor McGinnis began, when he retired. Mr. Mur- 
 phy was subsequently appointed chief of police for 
 Butte, under Mayor Nevin, continuing until the pres- 
 ent time, 1912, at the head of the city’s police depart- 
 ment, which, under the leadership of Mr. Murphy, has 
 reached the top notch of efficiency. In addition to 
 being a splendid officer, j\Ir. Murphy is a loyal citizen 
 of Butte, and in its army of progressive men not one 
 is more earnest and ardent in his civic pride than its 
 chief of police. 
 
 Mr. Murphy has been twice married. He married 
 first, in Pueblo, Colorado, Josephine Keneally, who 
 died in Butte, Montana, in 1895. Three children 
 blessed their union, namely: John, a resident of 
 
 Butte ; Margaret, deceased, born in Anaconda, Mon- 
 tana, was a Sister of Charity ; and Mayme, born in 
 Anaconda, is a sister in Dominican Order, Sinsina- 
 wa, Wisconsin. Mr. Murphy married second, in 1899, 
 in Butte, Delia Wall, a native of Elmira, New York, 
 and their only child, Ronald Thomas Murphy, born 
 July 24, 1903, is now attending the McKinley School. 
 
 Politically Mr. Murphy is a stanch adherent of the 
 Democratic party; fraternally he is a member of the 
 Knights of Columbus; and religiously he is a Catho- 
 lic. He is fond of athletics, and is a baseball enthu- 
 siast. 
 
 W. F. CoBBATsr is of mixed Scotch and American 
 ancestry, as his father was born in Aberdeen, and 
 his mother, Mary Louise Hardy Cobban, was a de- 
 scendant of the first colonists who came to Massachu- 
 setts for religious freedom. The father was only a 
 boy when his parents moved from Scotland to Canada, 
 and when he grew up, he decided to settle in the 
 United States. He selected Massachusetts as his home, 
 and here as a young man, he met the lady who be- 
 came his wife, and the mother of our subject. Devo- 
 tion to principle, which is the heritage of the true 
 Scot, as well as of the children of the Mayflower, 
 induced Mr. Cobban to join that band of settlers who 
 went to Kansas in 1852, of whom Whittier wrote : 
 
 “We cross the prairies as of old 
 The Pilgrims crossed the sea 
 To make the west, as they the east 
 The homestead of the Free.” 
 
 Later Mr. Cobban located at Westport, and he was 
 one of the commission sent by the governor of ]\Iis- 
 
 souri to the governor of Kansas, to try and settle the 
 question of the boundary by arbitration. 
 
 In 185s, Mr. Cobban went to Horican, Wisconsin, 
 and it was here that the subject of this review was 
 born on September 16, 1856. After a few years there, 
 Mr. Cobban removed to Chippewa Falls, and here he 
 conducted an extensive lumber business. Besides oper- 
 ating a large saw mill, he owned a sash and door 
 factory, and both enterprises yielded him rich returns. 
 He was a man of the loftiest patriotism, taking active 
 part in all which was for the good of the country. 
 At the time of the Civil war, he joined the Thirty- 
 seventh Wisconsin, and while in service, was wounded 
 at the battle of Petersburg!!. He never recovered from 
 the effects of this injury, and it was instrumental in 
 hastening his death. For some years before he died, 
 Mr. Cobban gave up active participation in business, 
 and returned to Massachusetts, where he had spent 
 the years of his young manhood. It was here that 
 he died in 1889. 
 
 W. F. Cobban went to school in Wisconsin, and as 
 he grew older, took an increasing part in his father’s 
 business. He learned the machinist’s trade, and for 
 three years was in charge of this department of the 
 factory. He did not intend to settle in Wisconsin, 
 so he started out to find a locality which suited him. 
 He spent two years in search of this, trying various 
 parts of the south, but as even the warm climate did 
 not reconcile him to that region, in 1880, he decided 
 to come to Montana. His first stopping place was 
 Wicks, then a prosperous mining camp, where he 
 remained only a few months. From here, he went to 
 Butte, and took up the business with which he had 
 been familiar all his life, entering a lumber concern 
 operated by Sebree, Ferris & White. Here he worked 
 until 1886, when he opened up a department for the 
 manufacture of sashes and doors. Later Mr. Cobban 
 went into real estate and mining business in Butte, 
 remaining there until 1907. In this interval, he was 
 connected with a number of the famous mining prop- 
 erties of Butte. He was at .different times, part owner 
 of the Moonlight, the Hesperus, the Carlisle and the 
 Protection. All these were sold to the Amalgamated 
 Company, and in addition to these. Air. Cobban bought 
 and disposed of much other valuable mining property. 
 
 In 1907, after turning the business over to his son 
 Ray, Air. Cobban took a year’s vacation which he 
 spent in California. In 1909, he came to Missoula, 
 where he has been in the real estate and land business, 
 dealing chiefly in Alontana orchards. Air. Cobban’s 
 eldest son Ray, is now a large ranch owner in the 
 famous new Flathead country. Of the four other 
 children, Rena Alay is at home; Ronald H., in the auto- 
 mobile business in Alissoula, while Alargery and Har- 
 vey are in the high school. Airs. Cobban is a Ver- 
 monter. and was previous to her marriage in 1884, 
 Aliss ■ Kate Hurlburt, whose family, like that of Air. 
 Cobban’s mother, bears one of the time-honored names 
 of New England. They belong to the progressive 
 class of Alontana’s citizens, as well as to that which 
 gives the state its substantial commercial standing. 
 
 Air. Cobban has the honor of being one of the • 
 charter members of the Oswego lodge of the Knights 
 of Pythias of Butte. Aside from this, he is not affil- 
 iated with any of the fraternal orders. In politics, he 
 supports the Republican party, as far as natio'nal issues 
 are concerned, and in local affairs gives his vote to 
 the best candidate put up for the office. Both as an 
 individual, and as a man of affairs. Air. Cobban has 
 the respect of all who come into contact with him. 
 
 Raymond S. Conger. The city of Thompson Falls, 
 Alontana, is well represented in the journalistic line 
 by the Sanders County Ledger, one of the leading news- 
 papers of western Montana, the manager of which, 
 Raymond S. Conger, is one of the wide-awake, pro- 
 
1130 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 cressive business nien who have done so much to make 
 this section what it is. Mr. Conger, a man of versatile 
 abilities has not confined himself to the_ newspaper 
 field however, but is widely known in business circ p 
 as a member of the firm of the Treasure State Realty 
 Company, and is also prominent m fraternal and polit- 
 ical matters. He was born at Carmi, Illinois, August 
 31, 1873, and is a son of Judge Everton J. and Emily 
 
 K. (Boren) Conger. r rn 
 
 Everton J. Conger was born in the state of Ohio, 
 and as a young man moved to Illinois, where for a num- 
 ber of years he was a prominent attorney. As colone 
 of the 'First District of Columbia Cavalry, he served 
 throughout the Civil war, and gained nation-wide fame 
 as the man who captured John Wilkes Booth after 
 the assassination of President Lincoln. He continued 
 to practice law in Illinois until 1878, in which year he 
 came to Montana, and here was appointed territorial 
 judge by President Playes. For many years he held 
 positions of public trust, and was really responsible 
 
 for the bill creating a State Law Library in Montana, 
 but has now retired and is living quietly at Dillon. 
 
 He was married in Ohio to Miss Emily K. Boren, 
 
 who died in 1904, at the age of fifty-one years, and 
 was buried at Dillon. They were the parents of six 
 children, four of whom survive, as follows: C. W., 
 clerk of the fourth district court at Dillon, elected 
 
 November S, 1912; Mrs. Judge Poindexter, also a resi- 
 dent of Dillon; O. D., who also lives in Thompson 
 
 fi'aUs; and Raymond S. 
 
 Raymond S. Conger was about five years of age when 
 his parents removed to Fostoria, Ohio, and in 1880 
 came to Montana, of which state he has since been a 
 resident. His early education was secured in fire 
 schools of Virginia City and Dillon, Montana, this 
 being supplemented by a special course in Valparaiso 
 (Ind.) State Normal School. Even as a lad he devel- 
 oped traits of industry, and when but nine years of 
 age earned his first money picking currants at five 
 cents per gallon, for “Old Man ’ Bartruff, at Virginia 
 City. He also accumulated not a little spending money 
 trapping squirrels, the bounty being five cents per head, 
 but his first real salaried position was at Dillon, where 
 he learned the printer’s trade in the offices of the 
 Dillon Tribune, with which newspaper he was con- 
 nected on and off for some twelve years. His first 
 salary in the newspaper business was $4.00 per week. 
 Mr. Conger continued to reside in Dillon from 1887 
 to 1905. and in the latter year came to Plains, where 
 for nearly two years he conducted the Plainsman, but 
 sold out to come to Thompson Falls, securing a clerical 
 position in the office of Ed. Donlon. In 1910 he organ- 
 ized the Treasure State Realty Company, and some time 
 later formed a partnership with Albert W. Thayer of 
 this city, and took over the Sanders County Ledger. 
 Although these two enterprises are entirely independ- 
 ent of one another they are conducted from the same 
 office. The Ledger is a bright, newsy sheet, advocating 
 and supporting Republican principles, and under its 
 new management has prospered greatly. It now has 
 an excellent equipment, and is the only paper west of 
 Missoula, in Montana, to use a linotype machine. 
 That it has done much to influence public opinion in the 
 way of progress may be surmised from the views of 
 its manager, who states: “If I were going to explain 
 why Montana is a great state I could do so in a thou- 
 sand different ways. I can say with all candor and 
 honesty that if a man traveled elsewhere a thousand 
 years he could never find the chances or opportunities 
 offered that may be found in Montana. Montana will 
 inspire your enthusiasm, satisfy your ambition and give 
 you a bank account quicker than any place in the world.” 
 It is probably needless to add that Mr. Conger is one 
 of the enthusiastic “boosters” of the Thompson Falls 
 Development League. He is widely known in news- 
 
 paper circles throughout this part of the state, still 
 maintaining his membership in the typographical union 
 and being vice-president of the Montana Press Associa- 
 tion. A stanch Republican in politics, he has served 
 as a delegate to numerous state conventions, and in 
 religious matters is an Episcopalian, as is also his wife 
 who is an active worker in Trinity Guild. Mr. Con- 
 ger is a prominent Mason, was one of the organizers 
 of the lodges at Plains and Thompson Falls, and has 
 been sent as delegate to the grand lodge of the state. 
 All athletic sports have interested him, and he is also 
 very fond of music and literature. He served with the 
 First Montana, U. S. V. in the campaign in the Phil- 
 ippines and was mustered out in San Francisco, in 
 1909, with his regiment. 
 
 Mr. Conger was married at Lewistown, Montana, 
 August 31, 1904, to Miss Marion E. Weldon, daughter 
 of James M. and Rose M. Weldon, of an old pioneer 
 family of Montana, and now residing on a ranch near 
 Lewistown. Mr. and Mrs. Conger have three interest- 
 ing children: Judson Weldon, Raymond Stuart and 
 Catherine Marion, the two first-named being pupils 
 in the public schools. 
 
 Albert W. Thayer. Possessing talents as a busi- 
 ness man which have made him a prominent figure in 
 commercial and realty circles, being skilled as a civil 
 engineer and metallurgist, accomplished as a journal- 
 ist, and through his executive ability capably serving 
 his communitv in positions of public trust, the career 
 of Albert W. Thayer has been replete with adventures 
 and experiences, and his versatile faculties have led him 
 to distant shores and diversified fields of endeavor. 
 During the last six years he has been identified with the 
 interests of Thompson Falls, where he is now presi- 
 dent of the Treasure State Realty Company, editor of 
 the Sanders County Ledger and city clerk, as well as 
 a citizen who has gained and retained the confidence 
 and esteem of the entire community. Mr. Thayer was 
 born at Acworth, Sullivan county. New Hampshire, 
 October 10, 1867, and is a son of William M. and Marie 
 (Marvin) Thayer. William. M. Thayer, who was 
 editor of the Boston Post for twenty years, died in 
 1893, at the age of fifty-eight years, and was buried in 
 Massachusetts. At the outbreak of the Civil war he 
 was war correspondent in the Union army and passed 
 safely through the struggle, but two brothers who had 
 enlisted at the same time were captured by the Con- 
 federates and died in Andersonville prison. Albert W. 
 Thayer was the youngest of his parents’ three chil- 
 dren, his mother dying when he was but one week old. 
 
 Albert W. Thayer attended the public schools of 
 Acworth until he was about fourteen years of age, and 
 at that time went to Claremont, New Hampshire, and 
 worked his way through high school. Subsequently he 
 went to Boston, where he attended the Institute of 
 Technology, and after graduating from the depart- 
 ment of civil engineering started out to make his own 
 way in the world. Removing to Cleveland, Ohio, Mr. 
 Thayer remained about two years in the employ of the 
 Cleveland & Canton Railroad, and in 1887 went to 
 Colorado, where for fifteen years off and on he oper- 
 ated as a civil engineer, the greater part of this time 
 being associated with Dave Moffit, Evan Smith and 
 W. P. Dunham, for whom he made trips to Oregon, 
 Old Mexico, Alaska, Central America and other points 
 as mining engineer, inspecting and passing on prospects 
 and properties. During one year he was with John 
 Hays Hammond, and for three years with the Cog 
 Wheel Railroad as general passenger agent, and when 
 the camp at Cripple Creek was opened he was one of 
 the first to enter the famous district. In 1902 Mr. 
 Thayer removed to Sand Point, Idaho, where he re- 
 mained for four years as buyer and metallurgist for 
 the Panhandle Smelting Company and during the sum- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1131 
 
 mer of 1906 came to Ihompson Falls, which has since 
 been his field of endeavor. For five years he was en- 
 gaged in the mining business, but in January, 1911, he 
 became associated with Raymond S. Conger, and since 
 that time has been president of the Treasure State 
 Realty Company and editor of the Sanders County 
 Ledger, one of the leading newspapers of western Mon- 
 tana. 
 
 Mr. Thayer is an active Republican, has served four 
 years as a member of the school board, and at pres- 
 ent is city clerk of Thompson Falls and bounty inspec- 
 tor for Sanders county. He is an enthusiastic member 
 of the Thompson Falls Development League and gives 
 his unqualified support to all measures that promise to 
 be of benefit to his community. In spite of the various 
 countries and communities he has visited, Mr. Thayer 
 has found no place to suit him_ like the Treasure state, 
 which, to use his own words “is like a great panorama 
 for which your admiration grows continuously as you 
 see it spread before you.” He bears an excellent repu- 
 tation for business integrity and in whatever locality 
 he has found himself has been popular with all classes. 
 His religious belief is that of the Congregational 
 church. 
 
 In April, 1904, Mr. Thayer was married at bpokane, 
 Washington, to Miss Enid Gibson, daughter of Supreme 
 Judge Oren and Mary (Gibson) Gibson, of Pueblo, 
 Colorado. Mrs. Thayer is a graduate of the Illinois 
 State Normal School, is a Greek, Latin and German 
 scholar, and is an accomplished pianist and a leader in 
 social circles. 
 
 Walter O. Burrill. It may be not inappropriately 
 said of Walter O. Burrill, of Plains, that he was born 
 to the lumber business, for three generations of the 
 family have been engaged in this line, covering a ter- 
 ritory that reaches from the Atlantic coast in Maine, 
 through the timber district in Michigan, and into the 
 forests of Montana. His grandfather was a well- 
 known lumberman of the New England States, while 
 his father, Simon C. Burrill, a native of Maine but now 
 a resident of Michigan, has been engaged m the same 
 line all of his life, while Walter O. has won an en- 
 viable reputation and built up a large and growing 
 trade in the lumber industry. Mr. Burrill s mother 
 was formerly Miss Mary Northaway, of New York, 
 and she and her husband had seven children, of whom 
 Walter O. was the second in order of birth. One sis- 
 ter is in Montana, Grace, who married Ernest Gray 
 and resides in Plains. 
 
 Walter O. Burrill was born in Steuben county. New 
 York, May 29, 1869, and there received his education 
 in the pubfic schools. He was about thirteen years 
 of age when taken to Michigan by his parents, and 
 two years later received his introduction to the lum- 
 ber business as chore boy in a lumber camp, his wages 
 to start being twenty dollars per month. On reaching 
 his majority Mr. Burrill came to Montana, locating in 
 the Bitter Root country in the spring in 1880, and 
 after following lumbering there for one year went to 
 the Flathead country, where he continued in the same 
 class of work for another year. During the next seven 
 years he worked as a ranchman at Paradise, but sub- 
 sequently came to Plains and established himself in a 
 mercantile business, but, although he had a fair meas- 
 ure of success in that line, sold out after ten years to 
 again identify himself with the lumber business. Mr. 
 Burrill built a large sawmill and lumber yard and 
 since that time has developed an extensive general 
 trade, doing business with some of the largest concerns 
 in this section. He has demonstrated more than ordi- 
 nary business shrewdness and acumen in his dealings 
 and has conducted his affairs along lines calculated to 
 be of benefit to his community. Like numerous other 
 successful men of this part of the state he believes that 
 
 Montana offers golden opportunities to those who_ are 
 not afraid to work hard and industriously, and misses 
 no chance to advise those of moderate means to in- 
 vest their capital here. Mr. Burrill has lost none of his 
 love for the out-door life that marked his youth, hunt- 
 ing, fishing and camping being his^ favorite recreations, 
 and like most men who enjoy living in the open is a 
 great lover of horses, always keeping several fine driv- 
 ers on hand. An omnivorous reader, he is a subscriber 
 to the leading periodicals of the day and appreciates 
 a good lecture or speech. His fraternal connection is 
 with the Elks, in which he has numerous warm friends. 
 Although he belongs to no particular church he sup- 
 ports all religious denominations. 
 
 S.AMUEL Phillips. It scarcely distinguishes a resi- 
 dent of Lewistown so that you could pick him out in 
 a crowd to say that he regards Montana as the only 
 place in the world which a discriminating person would 
 select as the location of his settled habitation, so it 
 will scarcely describe Mr. Phillips to state that is 
 his deliberate opinion. But while all Montanians hold 
 thij doctrine, not all of them have so wide a knowledge 
 of the other habitable portions of this globe as has 
 Mr. Phillips, and so perhaps one can venture to say 
 that he finds Montana the best place he has ever 
 known, without laying him liable to the charge of 
 merely having the western point of view, irrespective 
 of the advantages which other places offer. 
 
 In the spring of 1880, he went to Chicago, and be- 
 fore the fall, he had worked in Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
 in Salt^Lake City, and in Helena. He spent only a 
 month in the capital, and then came to Fergus county. 
 Lewistown was then not in existence, and no one 
 dreamed that the beautiful Judith Basin was suited 
 for anything but a grazing country. Mr. Phillips spent 
 a year at Fort Benton and Assiniboine, from which 
 point he returned overland to Benton, and thence to 
 Helena remaining in the capital until the spring of 
 1881, when he came back to Lewistown, where he has 
 remained ever since. He went into the stock business 
 as soon as he arrived here, and has ever since con- 
 tinued to raise cattle, sheep and horses. He was one 
 of the organizers of the Empire Bank & Trust Com- 
 pany, of which he is now the president. This is one 
 of the solid financial institutions of the Basin, and its 
 officers and directors have always been of the county’s 
 best business men. 
 
 Mr. Phillips is a Republican, not active, but inter- 
 ested. He has not shirked the duties of public office, 
 having served two years as mayor and ten years as 
 chairman of the board of county commissioners. He 
 is a member of the Presbyterian church as is proper 
 to a born Scot but he allows Mrs. Phillips to do the 
 heavy work in the ecclesiastic line, even as he gives 
 his best efforts to the commercial interests of Lewis- 
 town. He is a member of the city commercial club, 
 and one of its directors. He also belongs to the Judith 
 Club, and has served in the administrative depart- 
 ment • of that body. 
 
 In the Masonic lodge, Mr, Phillips is a member of 
 the blue lodge and also of the Shrine. In the former 
 he has filled all the chairs and has held office in the 
 other branches of the order. 
 
 In 18S4. at Billings, Montana. iMr. Phillips was mar- 
 ried to Maggie, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John 
 Page, at Watkins, New York. Their union has been 
 blessed with six children, all born in Lewistown. 
 One daughter, Mary, is married to T. O. Gorman of 
 Madison, Wisconsin, near which city her husband 
 operates a large and well-paying ranch. John, the 
 eldest son, resides in Fergus county, where he has 
 charge of one of his father’s ranches. The other son, 
 and the three daughters live in Lewistown with their 
 parents. 
 
1132 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Charles L. Myersick. The county auditor of Fer- 
 gus county is a Montanian by birth, and he has lived 
 in the county for twenty-nine years, rather longer in 
 fact than the county as such has existed. He was but 
 three years old when his parents moved from Can- 
 ton, Montana, to their ranch, as he was born on De- 
 cember 6, 1880, so he has lived practically all his life 
 eight miles from Lewistown. His father, William 
 Myersick, was born in Germany, but left that country 
 when a boy. He first settled in St. Louis and came to 
 Montana in the 70's. He did not make the trip over- 
 land, but came by boat the entire distance from St. 
 Louis to Fort Benton, and only there did he enter 
 the wagon train bound for Diamond City. His 
 marriage took place in Montana, his bride being Alice 
 Elizabeth Steele, born in Kentucky. She died at the 
 early age of thirty-two in 1887, and is buried beside 
 her father and mother. There were nine children in 
 the family of the elder Myersick, five boys and four 
 girls. Four are residents of Montana. Frank W. 
 Myersick, Charles’ twin l)rother, is in the mining 
 business at Hilger. Ann, Mrs Welch, is the wife of 
 one of Fergus county's successful ranchers. Mrs. 
 Victor D’Autremont lives in Helena, where her hus- 
 band, a traveling salesman, has his headquarters. 
 
 Charles Myersick went to country school in this 
 county, and at the age of thirteen became a wage earner 
 in the capacity of a cattle-herder. He continued to 
 work at this occupation until 1900, when he went to 
 Kendall, the then famous gold mining centre, and 
 worked for two years in the mine there. Here he was 
 the victim of an unfortunate accident, in which he lost 
 his left leg. It was necessary to amputate the limb 
 above the knee, and when Mr. Myersick recovered 
 from his wound, he pluckily prepared to take a place 
 in some less active , pursuit. 
 
 In the fall of 1902, the young man went to Oshkosh, 
 Wisconsin, where he remained for the next two years 
 as a student in a business college. In the spring of 
 1904, he came back to Lewistown and entered the 
 recorder’s office in the capacity of deputy clerk. At 
 the end of two years, he was elected recorder, and held 
 that position for four years, and then in the fall of 
 1910, he was nominated for the office which he now 
 holds, that of county auditor. His repeated election 
 testifies to his popularity not only with the Democratic 
 party, which has in him a stanch and an able supporter, 
 but with the county in general. He is a person who be- 
 lieves in cheating the evil one by the device of find- 
 ing his own employment. Accordingly he runs a vaude- 
 ville theatre and picture show, as a side line, and to 
 further occupy his time, and increase his bank ac- 
 count, he owns and operates a ranch. It might be 
 supposed that all these undertakings would leave him 
 no time for recreation, but he is much too sagacious 
 a business man to work all the time. He is confessedly 
 a baseball fan and a rooter of prowess. Another diver- 
 sion of which he is fond is horse racing, and he bal- 
 ances these lively tastes by a fondness for reading and 
 a liberal indulgence in good books. 
 
 The advantages of Montana is a theme upon which 
 Mr. Myersick is prone to become eloquent, but that 
 is almost a universal characteristic of Lewistonians. 
 He is a charter member of the Judith Club, and one of 
 the prominent men in the Elks, in which body, he was 
 at one time ruler. 
 
 Mr. Myersick is a self-made man in every sense of 
 the word. Since he was thirteen, he has been finan- 
 cially independent, and he has met every crisis with 
 wisdom and fortitude. 
 
 Morris Sellers Largey. Inheriting wealth and its 
 heavy responsibilities, sons of notable fathers have not 
 always been themselves men of power or prominence, 
 and too often the sad spectacle has been presented to the 
 
 world of weak and futile descendants failing through 
 the very advantages which they had never been re- 
 quired to struggle to obtain for themselves. On the 
 other hand, there are sons, one of whom, Morris Sellers 
 Largey, of Butte, Montana, being in mind, who not only 
 have achieved for themselves and through study, con- 
 centration and enterprise, have won their way and have 
 proved faithful and efficient stewards of inherited trusts. 
 Suddenly called upon to assume the direction of his late 
 father’s vast interests, Morris Sellers Largey, when a 
 youth of eighteen years, possessed the poise, self-con- 
 trol and good judgment that enabled him to carry to a 
 successful conclusion pending responsibilities and to effi- 
 ciently continue enterprises that affect the vast family 
 fortune and interests many and varied in different sec- 
 tions of Montana. Morris Sellers Largey was born at 
 Butte, Montana, March 18, 1880, and is a son of Pat- 
 rick A. and Lulu (Sellers) Largey. 
 
 In County Armagh, Ireland, the grandparents, Pat- 
 rick and Jane (Casilly) Largey, were born and from 
 there they came to the United States in 1814. Their ob- 
 jective point was Perry county, Ohio, and there they 
 spent the remaining years of their busy lives, Patrick 
 Largey being an industrious and successful farmer. Of 
 their family of eleven children, Patrick A. was the 
 youngest born, his birth taking place in 1836. He came 
 first to Montana in 1865, but had led a busy life before 
 this time, showing enterprise and initiative and over- 
 coming more obstacles than usually stood in the way 
 of ambitious youth. He had managed to secure through 
 his own efforts a fair education, one that qualified him 
 for teaching school, and included a knowledge of book- 
 keeping and as a bookkeeper in a business house in 
 Cincinnati he became acquainted with methods and peo- 
 ple which led to his locating for some two years at 
 Keokuk, Iowa, and such an appreciation of the state as a 
 possible business field that he returned from the east in 
 1861 and embarked in the mercantile business at Des 
 Moines. In the following year he disposed of his store 
 and moved to Omaha, Nebraska, where he became pur- 
 chasing agent for the well-known freighter, Edward 
 Creighton, and in 1865, as captain of one of Mr. Creigh- 
 ton’s trains of sixty wagons, he reached Virginia City, 
 Montana. Again he saw business possibilities in this 
 far western territory and in a short time he embarked in 
 the grocery business at Helena. Although he sold his 
 Helena business in the following spring, his responsi- 
 bilities increased and he became concerned in many of 
 the leading activities of the time and section, including 
 freighting, cattle dealing and merchandising at differ- 
 ent points. In 1880 he sold his hardware store that he 
 had been conducting for some years at Virginia City 
 and then came to Butte, organizing here the Butte 
 Hardware Company and in 1883 established a branch 
 house at Anaconda. Prior to coming to Butte he had 
 been otherwise interested than already mentioned, as 
 early as 1867 having built a telegraph line for the 
 "Western Union Company from Virginia City to Helena, 
 and in the following year extending it to Bozeman. In 
 [879 he built the line between Deer Lodge and Butte, 
 being the leading stockholder of the company, which 
 later became the Montana Central Telegraph Company, 
 a part of which was subsequently bought by the United 
 States government. 
 
 In 1891 Patrick A. Largey founded the State Savings 
 Bank of Butte, Montana, became its president and con- 
 tinued to control its policy and also built up banking 
 institutions at Virginia City and Helena. He was ever 
 ready to foster public-spirited enterprises and in every 
 way to assist in the development of Butte, and mainly 
 through his efforts was the electric light plant of the 
 city built and sold to a company that gives the city 
 most satisfactory service. His active mind led him 
 into yet other fields, and while many were lamenting 
 the want of a newspaper to give voice to public opinion 
 and exploit this section, Mr. Largey founded the Butte 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1133 
 
 Inter-Mountain, a daily, and served as first president of 
 the company that issued it. He was so closely connected 
 with affairs of magnitude in different parts of the state 
 and was so universally recognized as a man of great 
 ability and public usefulness, that the tragic closing of 
 his life made a deep impression on the whole northwest. 
 On January ii, 1898, he was assassinated by a maniac. 
 His death was a calamity not only to his family, but to 
 thousands of others who were connected with his nu- 
 merous business enterprises and to hosts who were more 
 or less dependent upon his bounty, for his gifts to 
 charity were almost limitless. 
 
 On April 30, 1877, Patrick A. Largey was united in 
 marriage, at Chicago, Illinois, to Miss Lulu Sellers, 
 who was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, of Pennsylvania an- 
 cestry. Four of their family of six children survive, 
 namely: Morris Sellers; Lulu, who is the wife of Frank 
 C. McKim, of Omaha, Nebraska; Edward Creighton 
 and Mary Montana. 
 
 Morris Sellers Largey attended the public schools of 
 Butte, Montana, spent two years in the Georgetown 
 preparatory school and was graduated from the civil 
 engineering department of the University of Michigan 
 in the class of 1902. Immediately after graduating from 
 the University of Michigan he was called to take his 
 father’s place at the head of the family affairs and has 
 continued to manage the estate as noted above. He has 
 innumerable business enterprises of his own, being an 
 officer and director in twenty-eight corporations; presi- 
 dent of the Largey Lumber Company, of Butte, Mon- 
 tana ; president of the Coeur d’Alene Lumber Company, 
 of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho ; and president of the Speculator 
 Mining Company, of Butte, Montana. In 1907, during 
 the panic in Montana and the suspension of one of 
 Butte’s leading banking institutions, Mr. Largey proved 
 the quality of his manhood and citizenship by coming 
 forward and providing for the entire deposits, assuring 
 against loss. When the State Savings Bank, which his 
 father had founded, was reorganized, Air. Largey be- 
 came its president, which office he filled until July i, 
 1910, since when he has been vice-president and a 
 member of its directing board. 
 
 Air. Largey was married at Omaha. Nebraska, Sep- 
 tember 19, 1908, to A'liss Alberta Cressey, who is a 
 daughter of Albert L. Cressey, of Modesto, California. 
 Air. and Airs. Largey reside at the Thornton Hotel, at 
 Butte, and he maintains his office, in the State Savings 
 Bank building. They are members of the Roman Cath- 
 olic church. Air. Largey takes "no active part in politics 
 and votes independently. He is identified with the Elks 
 and with a number of social organizations, including the 
 Chi Psi college fraternity; the Lambs Club, of New 
 York City; the Rocky Alountain Club, of New York; 
 the Detroit University Club; the Chicago Athletic Asso- 
 ciation ; the Alontana Club, of Helena, Montana ; the 
 Silver Bow Club, the Country Club and the LTniversity 
 Club, all of Butte, Montana. 
 
 John S. Reed. One of the prominent retired cit- 
 izens of Billings, Alontana, John S. Reed, 207 South 
 Thirty-second street, was for a number of years iden- 
 tified with the cattle and sheep raising industries, and 
 for a long time was rated among the foremost 
 ranchmen of the Yellowstone valley. He belongs to 
 a family which traces its ancestry back to 1629, in 
 which year the progenitor came to America from 
 England, settling at a point in the colony of Alass- 
 achusetts. John S. Reed is a native of Trinity, 
 California, and was born April 12, 1859, a son of 
 George W. and Emily (Porter) Reed. 
 
 George W. Reed was born in Boston, Alassachusetts, 
 June 10 1829, the son of John S. and Emily (Allen) 
 Keed, the father, also a native of Boston, ' removing 
 to Dover, New Hampshire, when George W. was ten 
 years of age. He remained in that state until his 
 death, which occurred soon thereafter, having fol- 
 
 lowed the trade of a shoemaker. The mother, to 
 whom was left the care of eleven children, was a 
 native of New Brunswick. With a cheerfulness and 
 courage that was characteristic of her family, she 
 set about to give her children all the advantages 
 possible, but some of them had to be content with 
 very little schooling, and early in life they began to 
 look out for themselves. George W. Reed was six- 
 teen years of age when he joined a rifle regiment 
 for service during the Mexican war, under Colonel 
 Loren, and he served his full enlistment of five years, 
 being in action long after the close of the war. 
 Following the declaration of peace his regiment went 
 to Vera Cruz for some time, later went to Cali- 
 fornia, and during the summer passed over into 
 
 Oregon, building the barracks at F'ort Vancouver. 
 After the disbandment of the rifle regiment he was 
 transferred to the dragoons, Gen. Phil Kearney com- 
 manding, and this detachment made a pretty extensive 
 tour of California, visiting nearly all the principal 
 points. Air. Reed also assisted in building F’ort 
 
 Kearney, Fort Laramie and Fort Hall, and for a time 
 was member of the command of Col. Stoneman, who 
 later served two terms as govenror of California. 
 
 After being mustered out of the service, at Benicia, 
 California, Air. Reed returned to Fort Vancouver, 
 where he located on a donation claim, but did not re- 
 main long enough to perfect the title. For a period 
 he followed mining and spent two years at Eureka, 
 and in 1855 went from there to Arkansas Dam. on 
 Trinity river, where he mined two years more, but in 
 1859 crossed the mountains to Humbolt county and 
 engaged in farming. Here he remained for twenty- 
 one years and engaged in raising sheep, hogs and 
 
 cattle, to quite a profitable degree, and at this point 
 his children were reared and educated. On Alay 26, 
 1880, owing to ill health and feeling that a change 
 would better his condition. Air. Reed came overland 
 by teams to Yellowstone county, settling three miles 
 from the present city of Billings, a trip that occupied 
 three months and fourteen days. Purchasing a squat- 
 ter s right, he began ranching, remaining there four- 
 teen y^ears, and at the opening of the Crow Reser- 
 vation he, with his son John S., located on Five-mile 
 cieek, on another ranch, which he made his home 
 until 1902. In (hat year he retired from activity and 
 settled m Billings, where his death occurred December 
 1905, In 1848 George W. Reed was married at 
 City, Oregon, to Miss Emily Porter, who was 
 born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1828. With her 
 parents, she crossed the plains to the Willamette 
 ralley, Oregon, in 1845, and it was in this vicinity^ that 
 she was reared. Her death occurred Alarch i, 1895, 
 having been mother of nine children, of whom seven 
 grew to maturity: Alfonso, who died Aiio-ust ii 
 
 1906; Alary E., the wife of Lawton F. Simmons 
 hying at Fromberg, Alontana; George W„ residing in 
 Billings; Charles A., a resident of Livingston, Mon- 
 tana; John S. ; Delia, who died February 28, 1906, the 
 wife of J. S. Kelley, of Lewistown, Alontana; and 
 Emily E. _ the wife of Charles E. Westbrook, of 
 bndger, this state. The life of George W. Reed was 
 an active one, filled with the experiences of a thrilling 
 nature. Three years of his life were spent in scouting 
 during the Alodoc war, and he was one of the party 
 sent to rescue the Otney girls, whose parents had 
 been killed by the Indians. After a terrible experi 
 ence in which the rescue party was lost in the desert 
 with no provisions, and when they had lost five men 
 in the skirmish, one of the girls was rescued. The 
 expel lences of this child, who had been tattooed by 
 hei captors, were published in book form some years 
 later and proved to be an interesting volume. 
 
 The boyhood day's of John S. Reed were spent under 
 the parental roof, and as a youth he attended school 
 when he could be’ spared from the duties of the home 
 
1134 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 place. When the Crow Indian Reservation was 
 
 thrown open to the homesteaders he located on 320 
 acres of land and engaged in the sheep business, in 
 which he continued successfully for a number of 
 years. Subsequently he disposed of his six thousand 
 head of sheep and moved to Billings to live, but later 
 took up ranching again, and until October, iqiC was sit- 
 uated on a ranch located about twenty-five miles north 
 of Billings. Since the date mentioned he has not en- 
 gaged actively in business. He has interested him- 
 
 self to some extent in fraternal matters, belonging to 
 Billings Star Lodge No. 41, I. O. O. F. He was first 
 made a member of the Eureka Lodge No. 69, and sub- 
 sequently affiliated himself with Horn Encampment 
 No. 12, of which he is past chief patriarch, and Canton 
 Big Horn No. 9. In political matters he is a Re- 
 publican, but has not sought nor desired public office, 
 preferring to give his time and attention to the de- 
 velopment of ins industry. His success in life has 
 
 been due entirely to his own efforts, and he may be 
 rated among the successful self-made men of Yellow- 
 stone county, and one who has numerous friends. 
 
 Charles A. IIarnois. The name of Mr. diaries 
 A. Harnois brings to the mind, by the association of 
 ideas, the thought of theatre, because he is the owner 
 and proprietor of a splendid, modern theatre that is 
 the equal in every way of the city houses of amuse- 
 ment. It is not only Mr. Harnois’ pride but the pride 
 of Missoula as well because it is so up-to-date and well- 
 equipped that all first class theatrical attractions stop 
 at this city because of the good theatre. 
 
 Mr. Harnois was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, 
 October 31, 1857. He lived there until he was about 
 nineteen j^ears of age and then he started for the West. 
 His first stop was made at Yankton, South Dakota, 
 where he engaged as a cabin boy on the river steamer 
 “Josephine" plying between Yankton and Fort 
 Benton, Montana. He continued in this capacity for 
 about three years and then he quit and settled in 
 Montana where he has lived ever since. (1880). 
 
 He first settled in Maiden, Montana, where he con- 
 ducted a restaurant for a short time when he was 
 offered a good price for his business. So he sold out 
 and moved to Helena, Montana. Fie remained here 
 for three years, following various occupations. 
 
 Then he accepted a position on the railroad as 
 news agent, running between Bismarck and Spokane. 
 When the Bitter Root branch of the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad started, he arranged with the railroad com- 
 pany to run the news business for himself. He con- 
 tinued this arrangement for two years. While he had 
 this business of his own, he also took charge of the cir- 
 culation department of two opposition newspapers, 
 the Daily Missotilian and the Daily Gazette. In spite 
 of the fact that these two newspapers were inimical 
 to each other, he managed them both with absolute 
 impartiality, being honest and fair in his dealings with 
 them. 
 
 He continued this work for nearly four years and 
 then he went back to Helena, and it was here that 
 he conceived his first leaning toward the theatre and 
 made the entering wedge, so to speak, into the pro- 
 fession. He bought the iDusiness of the Bill Posting 
 and Outdoor Advertising for Helena of the Mings 
 Opera House. 
 
 He carried on this business with success for a num- 
 ber of years, and then he went down to Butte and 
 bought the Butte Bill Posting business and, a little 
 later, the Anaconda business. 
 
 He finally sold out entirely, and returned to Mis- 
 soula where he first leased the Bennett theatre and 
 later, the “family theatre.” He managed the latter 
 until it was destroyed by fire. This caused him to 
 
 meet with a very serious reverse as he lost a great 
 deal of money when the theatre burned. 
 
 In spite of this blow, he was not disheartened en- 
 tirely because he had confidence in himself and in 
 lais ability to win out. Fie had great faith in the 
 future of Missoula so he simply went ahead and 
 planned to build a new playhouse in place of the one 
 destroyed. 
 
 Mr. Harnois has always dealt honorably and justly 
 with his fellow men, firmly living up to Alexander 
 Pope’s declaration that “an honest man’s the noblest 
 work of God.” And because the people knew that he 
 was a man of honor, they trusted him and therefore 
 he had no difficulty in raising the necessary funds to 
 rebuild his theatre. A few friends came to his rescue 
 to the extent of forty thousand dollars and so he was 
 enabled to build the present Harnois Theatre. 
 
 This theatre is a model of beauty and utility, abso- 
 lutely modern in every respect and equal to any of 
 the city playhouses. It is an institution that Missoula 
 is very proud of, and it will stand as an everlasting 
 monument to the ability and judgment of its founder. 
 On the opening night of the theatre, the happy cit- 
 izens of Missoula showed their appreciation of Mr. 
 Harnois’ efforts by giving him a ten thousand dollar 
 house. That is to say he sold that number of tickets 
 for the initial performance. 
 
 Mr. Harnois earned his first money as a boy when 
 he was only about ten years of age. He got a job 
 working on the fair grounds and his salary was to 
 have been three dollars a week but unfortunately, he 
 never received it because his boss skipped before he 
 paid him. After this episode, he followed various 
 occupations until he began his steamboat experience. 
 
 His early education was obtained in the public 
 schools in Missouri. Then he took a course at Chris- 
 tian Brothers’ College at St. Joseph. 
 
 FI is religion leans toward the Roman Catholic church. 
 He is a Republican and takes a very active interest in 
 politics. He is now public administrator of Missoula. 
 
 Mr. Flarnois belongs to several societies. He is a 
 member of the Elks and has been an active worker 
 in this organization. When the Elks moved into 
 their new hall, they presented Mr. Flarnois with a 
 life membership certificate as a token of their esteem 
 and love. 
 
 Fie is a member of the Ancient Order of the 
 United Workmen, and has been through all the chairs 
 in this organization. He is also a member of the 
 Yeomen and Woodmen of the World. 
 
 Like most western men, he is fond, of riding. He 
 has a hobby for fine birds and chickens and raises a 
 great many. 
 
 He is a lover of music and other arts but his very 
 greatest pleasure and the thing that gives him the 
 most happiness in life is to see other people enjoying 
 themselves. If he can sit in his private office while 
 a performance is going on and can hear the audience 
 applaud in satisfaction, then his happiness reaches its 
 climax and he is perfectly contented. 
 
 Mr. Harnois entered the blessed bonds of matri- 
 mony before he attained his majority, in fact when 
 he was only nineteen years of age. In September 
 1876, at St. Joseph, Missouri, he married Miss Emma 
 Marshall, the daughter of Thomas and Ella Marshall 
 of Marysville, Kansas. Three children, all boys, came 
 to bless this union. They are : Charles Oliver, married 
 and resides in Missoula; John Thomas, single, and 
 lives at home; Leo Marshall, married and resides in 
 Missoula. 
 
 All the sons are associated with their father in the 
 theatrical business; one is the treasurer, one is the 
 stage manager, and the third is the electrician. 
 
 In regard to Mr. Harnois’ parents, his father, Peter 
 Flarnois, was born in Canada. He came to these 
 
Vr 
 
 ■> 
 
 h 
 
 
 v' 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 / 
 
 1135 
 
 United States and settled in Missouri, and followed 
 the occupations of farming and occasional outside 
 lines. He died at the age of eighty years in 1894, 
 and is buried at St. Joseph, Missouri. He married 
 Miss Sarah Holcomb who died at the age of seventy- 
 five years and is buried beside her husband. There 
 were eight children in the elder Harnois family, Mr. 
 Charles A. Harnois being the seventh. 
 
 In spite of his high standing in the community and 
 his popularity, Mr. Harnois is very modest and un- 
 assuming. He has a pleasing personality, always 
 cheerful and sunny and looking on the bright side of 
 life. He never looks for trouble and consequently, 
 never has any with anybody. Even in the early 
 days of Montana’s, history, when tough characters 
 were numerous and he had occasion to mingle with 
 them, he never “carried a gun,” in fact, never even 
 owned one. He was never molested in any way. At 
 one time, he traveled overland with his little family 
 from Bismarck to Helena and the Indians and road 
 agents were numerous and troublesome. However, 
 nothing occurred to put them in danger and they 
 landed in Helena safely with flying colors. 
 
 Mr. Harnois holds a deep affection in his heart for 
 his home state, and says he would not give up Mon- 
 tana for any other place in the world. He likes the 
 mountains and the people and considers it the coming 
 country. He thinks, too, that the opportunities it 
 affords are even better today than when he first came. 
 
 Elmer Jay Anderson. The Buckej-e state has laid 
 claim to producing an unusually fine type of citizen and 
 the prominent gentleman whose name stands at the 
 head of this article has done all that could possibly be 
 done by any one person to justify this claim. He is 
 first and foremost a splendid citizen, of the type whose 
 support is extended toward all measures which seem 
 likely to result in the additional welfare of the whole 
 of society. Of this he has given many proofs and 
 several years ago as senator of Meagher county ex- 
 erted a praisewo thy influence in the state assembly. 
 Ill business ana financial circles he stands a figure of 
 powerful proportions, the Anderson-Spencer iMercan- 
 tile Company, of which he is the head, being the largest 
 concern of its kind in the valley and he is also head 
 of the Central State Bank. A portion of Montana's 
 great ranching interests are in his possession and he 
 is familiar with the history and resources of the state 
 as few men are. 
 
 Elmer Jay Anderson was born in Columbiana county, 
 Ohio, November 20, 1854, and there resided until 
 about the attainment of his majority. He then left 
 home and traveled over various states of the Union, 
 stopping where his fancy bade him and earning his 
 living at various occupations for a time and then travel- 
 ing on to new scenes. It was the adventurous spirit 
 of youth, the “wanderlust,” as the Germans term it, 
 and when it was fully satisfied, he decided to settle 
 down. He had consumed five years in his wander- 
 ings and had acquired many experiences, wide in- 
 formation. but not much money. In the spring of 1880 
 he came to Montana and was so favorably impressed 
 that he decided to make it his permanent stopping- 
 place, and he has ever since that time — a period of 
 over thirty years, — resided in Meagher county. For 
 the first two or three years he followed cattle-raising 
 and ranching and in 1883, embarked in the mercantile 
 business, organizing in that year the Anderson 
 Brothers Mercantile Company, which grew rapidly, 
 meeting from the first with the best of fortunes and 
 was later merged into the Anderson-Spencer Company, 
 which is by_ far the largest establishment of its kind 
 m this section of the state. Nor have his energies 
 been limited to this particular field of endeavor, for 
 he was one of the organizers of the Central State 
 Bank and has ever since held the position of presi- 
 
 dent. He is an adherent of the policies and principles 
 of the Republican party and takes an active interest in 
 politics. He is of that sound material to which the 
 people like to entrust their interests and he was elected 
 to the office of state senator of Meagher county. 
 
 Mr. Anderson’s father, Joshua B. Anderson, was 
 born in Columbiana county, Ohio, having come to that 
 section in early days. He lived there throughout the 
 course of his useful life, engaging in agriculture and 
 contracting and at the time of the war doing a great 
 deal of business for the government. He survived the 
 great conflict between the states by less than a decade, 
 passing away in 1873, at the age of fifty-three years. 
 The subject’s mother before her marriage was Mary 
 J. Beers, also an Ohioan. She survived her husband 
 for many years, her demise occurring in 1908, at the 
 advanced age of eighty-four years. These admirable 
 people are interred near the old Buckeye state, home- 
 stead side by side. There were seven children in their 
 family, the subject being the third child and eldest 
 son. The subject was deprived of a father’s guidance 
 when a lad of fifteen, but being the eldest son, he 
 valiantly shouldered responsibilitv and stuck to the 
 family and ran the farm until his brothers were old 
 enough to take hold. Then he started forth in quest 
 of the adventures for which his soul so long had 
 yearned. 
 
 Mr. Anderson received his earh' education in the 
 district schools of Columbiana county, Ohio, and also 
 took a limited course in the business department of 
 Mt. Union College of Alliance, Ohio. His education, 
 however, did not terminate with his school days, and 
 he is now a particularly well-informed man. He 
 is an attendant of the Presbyterian church, in which 
 his wife is an active member and worker. His affilia- 
 tions are with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows 
 and the Lambs' Club of Helena. In the former he has 
 held all the offices. He loves out-door life and nearer 
 tires of huntine and fishing or of motoring, Meagher 
 county possessing no greater automobile enthusiast. 
 He is a wide reader, enjoying especially history and 
 economics and his library is one of the well-selected 
 ones of the city. 
 
 To use the picturesque expression of this breezy 
 Westerner, you could not drive him out of iMontana 
 with a pack of hounds, so great an attraction does it 
 exert upon him — its perfect freedom and the fine democ- 
 rac\" of the people, the grandeur of its sceneiw and the 
 vastness of its resources. 
 
 i\Ir. Anderson was married in Ohio, December 25, 
 1878, the young woman to "become his bride being Eva 
 King, daughter of George and Sarah King, of Home- 
 worth, that state. This union has been blessed by the 
 birth of three children, two sons and a daughter, as 
 follows : Glen, married and residing at El Oro. Mexico, 
 where he is a mining engineer — a graduate of Columbia 
 L’^niversitv ; Olive, wife of Moncure Cockrell, of Deer 
 Lodge, Montana, Mr, Cockrell being state senator from 
 Powell county: and Elden, married and residing at 
 White Sulphur Springs, where he is associated with his 
 father in business. 
 
 David G. Brow'ne. In the foreground of Fort Ben- 
 ton’s conspicuous citizens we find David G. Browne, a 
 founder and director as well as the president of the 
 Stockmen’s National Bank, the largest bank in northern 
 Montana, with resources of nearh- two million dollars. 
 His prominence, however, is by no means merely local, 
 nor is his success due merely to the turns of fortune’s 
 wheel. A most interesting demonstration of what man 
 can accomplish entirely through his own energy and 
 determination, is seen in the use which David G. 
 Browne has, throughout his life, made of the oppor- 
 tunities which he knew so well how to adapt to his 
 purposes. 
 
 In a modest home near Belfast, in Ireland, he began 
 
1136 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 his earthly existence on the sixteenth day of January, 
 in the year 1859. His education was that to be de- 
 rived from the local schools of the community and its 
 period was concluded with his fourteenth year. He 
 continued studying, however, for his was ability whose 
 initiative force was not dependent upon teachers. In 
 the course of two or three years he had made himself 
 an expert accountant and bookkeeper. But Ireland was 
 not large enough nor progressive enough to hold the 
 ambitions of this youth ; when he was seventeen years 
 of age he sailed for the United States, where he imme- 
 diately sought an uncle who had been in this country 
 for some time and who was located in the (then) 
 territory of Utah. He soon secured a position with 
 the Wells-Fargo Express Company as their agent at 
 Kelton. In this capacity he continued for about a 
 year, making good use of his opportunity for observing 
 various features of the transportation business, in which 
 he immediately saw practical possibilities for himself. 
 
 In 1878, therefore, he resigned his position in the 
 express office and became the conductor of one of the 
 mule trains which were then a typical form in which 
 the transportation of supplies was accomplished in that 
 new country. In a few months of service with this 
 train, freighting from Corinne, Utah, to various Mon- 
 tana points, David G. Browne saved enough to pass 
 from the position of a hired conductor to that of the 
 owner of a mule team. He thereupon proceeded to 
 engage in freighting from river and railroad points to 
 business centers and mining camps of the territory. 
 Within a year he had bought a second mule team out- 
 fit, and by the time another year had passed he was 
 the owner of four twelve-mule teams, all thoroughly 
 equipped. It was at that time — in the year 1880 — that 
 he established himself at Fort Benton. 
 
 Mr. Browne was among the foremost men freighters 
 in this region throughout the notably active transporta- 
 tion period from 1879 to 1885. His returns were so 
 gratifying as to gradually place him upon a more and 
 more sure foundation in a financial way. As his trans- 
 portation work by degrees had passed from the active 
 performance of work on trains to the general manage- 
 ment of the same, he was able to interest himself in 
 other lines of business as a side issue. He had, indeed, 
 so conclusively proved his managing ability that in the 
 spring of 1881 he was offered a position with the mer- 
 chants, W. S. Wetzel & Company, of Fort Benton. 
 Accepting this position, he virtually took charge of the 
 firm’s affairs, as an office manager. In addition to this 
 work, and that of superintending his mule teams, he 
 also, in 1882, gained a monopoly of the ferry busi- 
 ness at Fort Benton, which enterprise yielded _ him 
 a gain of $15,000 as a secondary phase of his business. 
 When, in 1883, Wetzel & Company failed, Mr. Browne 
 was appointed assignee. He so manipulated the assets 
 of the house, $250,000, that in the course of a little 
 more than a year’s time he had succeeded in closing 
 the business in a manner satisfactory to all concerned. 
 
 The government contracts presented possibilities that 
 Mr. Browne’s practical mind was not slow in seeing. 
 In 1883 he secured several of these, including the 
 large hay contract at Fort' Assiniboine. Two years 
 later he had charge of the government transportation 
 contracts for Montana, Wyoming and the state of 
 Nebraska. His conveying of forage and other neces- 
 sary supplies to the military posts in these sections, 
 including Forts Assiniboine, Maginnis, Shaw and Custer, 
 was accomplished to the satisfaction of the govern- 
 ment and all individuals concerned, as well as being 
 another notable achievement for Mr. Browne. 
 
 It was natural that considering the growth of his 
 pecuniary gains, Mr. Browne should become interested 
 in the mechanism of banking business. In 1886 he 
 became one of the active corps of the Bank of Northern 
 Montana, located at Fort Benton. He was made secre- 
 tary of the Fort Benton board of trade, continuing in 
 
 that office for fifteen years. When the Stockmen’s 
 National Bank was founded in Fort Benton, Mr. Browne 
 was active in the work Of its organization, subsequently 
 becoming one of its largest stockholders, as well as a 
 member of its directorate, and is now the heaviest 
 stockholder in that flourishing institution. 
 
 As an evidence of his interest in public as well as 
 private affairs, Mr. Browne is notable as having fre- 
 quently been the incumbent of important offices in the 
 gift of the people or of prominent officials. For a 
 number of terms he served his municipality in the 
 capacity of alderman, and was also commissioner of 
 his county. For eight years he was chairman, in his 
 district, of the county central committee, and for 
 twenty-four years has been a member of the state Demo- 
 cratic central committee, being the oldest member in 
 point of continuous service on that committee. He was 
 an alternate delegate to the Democratic national con- 
 vention of 1892 at Chicago, when Cleveland was made 
 the presidential nominee of his party before his second 
 election. 
 
 One of the chief distinctions that have come to Mr. 
 Browne is that of membership in the constitutional 
 convention at the time when Montana became a state. 
 Another was his appointment in 1891 as a member of 
 the state board of the World’s Fair managers, of which 
 body he was treasurer. He was further honored in 
 1893, when President Cleveland made him collector of 
 customs for Montana and Idaho, the port of entry 
 then being Fort Benton. When in 1896 its location 
 was again .changed to Great Falls, Mr. Browne took 
 up his residence in that place, where he remained until 
 1901. He held his government office throughout the 
 Cleveland administration, as well as that of President 
 McKinley’s entire first administration, and during the 
 nine years of his incumbency showed the exceptional 
 judgment and ability that have ever been characteristic' 
 of his management of all affairs of which he might 
 have charge. 
 
 Mr. Browne was also for many years engaged in the 
 livestock business, being manager and one of the prin- 
 cipal owners of the Bar Eleven Cattle Company. As 
 president of the Stockmen’s National Bank his energies 
 are now mainly devoted to his business affairs in that 
 and related lines, to which he gives his personal atten- 
 tion, as well as to his home interests. 
 
 Mrs. Browne, nee Emma Wright, of Fort Benton, 
 died in 1891, and Mr. Browne again married in 1895, 
 Miss Antoinette Van Hook of Washington, D. C., becom- 
 ing his wife. The two sons of Mr. and Mrs. Browne 
 complete the family of this capable and successful man 
 of affairs. 
 
 Ernest Henry Schumacher. Sixteen years of con- 
 scientious public service have made the name of Ernest 
 Henry Schumacher familiar to the people of Bozeman 
 and Gallatin county, and repeated appointments in the 
 office of county clerk testify to the esteem and respect 
 in which he is universally held. Mr. Schumacher came 
 to his present office fully qualified to handle its affairs, 
 and has brought to his work the business sagacity and 
 ability so necessary in directing the affairs of a pros- 
 perous, growing community, his early training having 
 been in a business line. Mr. Schumacher is a son of 
 the Fatherland, having been born near the city of Ham- 
 burg, Germany, January 3, 1861, a son of Henry and 
 Louisa (Mohr) Schumacher. 
 
 Henry Schumacher was born on the Rhine, Ger- 
 many, and as a young man was engaged in farming. 
 His death occurred in i860, caused by an accident, be- 
 fore the birth of his only son. His wife, born near 
 the city of Hamburg, in 1834, and now residing in the 
 city of St. Paul, Minnesota, married for her second hus- 
 band a Mr. Shaffer, by whom she had two sons : Wil- 
 liam and August. 
 
 When still a baby, Ernest H. Schumacher was taken 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1137 
 
 to rear by his grandmother, Mrs. Louisa Schumacher, 
 with whom he lived until he was six years old, at 
 which time he went to live with his uncle and aunt, 
 Mr. and Mrs. John Volkers, in Hamburg. He received 
 a liberal education in that city, and when he had com- 
 pleted his studies, secured employment in a wholesale 
 delicatessen house as bookkeeper. During the year 1876 
 he embarked for the United States, and on November 
 1st of that year arrived in New York City on a steamer, 
 .and for some time thereafter traveled through the east, 
 visiting various points of interest and being for a time 
 a visitor at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. 
 In May, 1877, he removed west as far as Waverly, Iowa, 
 where he engaged in business with his cousin, Henry 
 Tiedt, and until 1880 was engaged in farming. That 
 year saw his advent in Bozeman, where he engaged as 
 bookkeeper with the firm of Strasburg & Sperling, gro- 
 cers, and after the death of both partners in 1890, he 
 was made manager of the business. In 1893 he pur- 
 chased the establishment with Mr. Langohr, the firm 
 being known as Schumacher & Langohr, a connection 
 that continued until 1896, Mr. Schumacher at that tinle 
 selling out his interest in the business. In that year 
 he was appointed deputy county clerk of Gallatin county, 
 under Walter H. Sales, and he successively served un- 
 der county clerks H. P. McNaughton, E. V. Blanken- 
 ship, A. A. Cameron and W. E. Brandenburg. Realiz- 
 ing the fact that here was a man thoroughly trained for 
 the office, in 1910 the voters of Gallatin county elected 
 Mr. Schumacher to the position of cjerk, and the able, 
 faithful and conscientious manner in which he has dis- 
 charged the duties of his office testifies eloquently in 
 support of their judgment and vindicates their confi- 
 dence and faith in him. In political matters Mr. Schu- 
 macher is a Republican. His fraternal connections are 
 with Gallatin Lodge No. 6, A. F. & A. M., Zona Chapter 
 ^o. 12, R. A. M., of which he is high priest, and Boze- 
 man Lodge No. 463, B. P. O. E. 
 
 Mr. Schumacher was married July 5, 1893, to Miss 
 Lillie Frances Walton, who was born in Kentucky, 
 daughter of Joseph and Annie (Thompson) Walton. 
 Mr. Walton was born in West Virginia, from which 
 state he removed to Kentucky as a young man, and 
 there engaged in farming. In 1887 he came to Gallatin 
 count}', Montana, but after two years returned to the 
 Blue Grass State, where he spent his last days in farm- 
 ing, and where his death occurred in 1894. His widow, 
 who survives him, now resides at the home of Mr. 
 Schumacher and has attained the age of seventy-two 
 years. They had a family of four daughters and 
 three sons. _ Mr. and Mrs. Schumacher have three in- 
 teresting children : Gladys, Ernest P. and Adena J. 
 
 Xerxes Kemp Stout. A prominent lawyer of Kalis- 
 pell, Montana, is Xerxes Kemp Stout, whose identifica- 
 tion with the legal profession began about the time 
 Montana was admitted to statehood, or in i88g, though 
 he did not take up the active practice 'of law until 
 recent years. Not only in point of time but in other 
 ways has he been closely associated with the beginning 
 and subsequent "rowth of this prosperous common- 
 wealth. Joseph Kemp Toole, the first governor of the 
 state of Montana and previous to that a territorial 
 congressman, was his uncle, and it was Mr. Stout, then 
 a youth of eighteen years, who at the first inaugural 
 ceremonies of the state administered the solemn oath 
 of office to the governor. He served as secretary of 
 me state senate in 1902. and again in 1904, and since 
 November, 1910, has been prosecuting attorney of 
 Flathead county. 
 
 Born in St. Joseph, Missouri, on the 20th of March, 
 .71. he was reared there to the age of nine and then 
 m May 1880, accompanied his parents to Helena, Mon- 
 tana, where the years of his subsequent youth and earlv 
 young manhood were spent. Regulus P. Stout, his 
 tather, was a native of Missouri, but died at Helena, 
 
 Montana, on September 15, igoo. He was a phar- 
 macist by profession but being unable to endure the 
 close confinement of in-door life he turned his atten- 
 tion to agricultural pursues and became a farmer and 
 stockman. For a short period he served as the private 
 secretary of Governor Toole during the latter’s in- 
 cumbency of the gubernatorial chair. He wedded Miss 
 Ella Toole, a sister of Governor Toole and a native of 
 Missouri, whose parents were both Kentuckians by 
 birth and came from their native state to Missouri 
 along in the early ’40s. Mrs. Stout still survives and 
 continues to reside in Helena. To this union were 
 born a daughter, Cleora, now the wife of Sidney M. 
 Logan, a practicing attorney at Kalispell, and a son, 
 Xerxes Kemp Stout, who is the subject of this review. 
 
 Mr. Stout acquired his education in the common and 
 high schools of Helena. At the age of seventeen he 
 entered the law office of Toole & 'Wallace in that city, 
 the senior member of which firm was Edwin W. Toole, 
 his uncle, and remained with them until his removal to 
 Kalispell in September, 1894. He was for thirteen 
 and one-half years court reporter of the eleventh 
 judicial district, residing at Kalispell, and in 1902 and 
 1904 he served as assistant secretary of the state sen- 
 ate. In June, 1910, Mr. Stout was admitted to the bar 
 and on July i following he began the active practice of 
 his profession as the junior member of the law firm of 
 Thompson & Stout. Elected to the office of county at- 
 torney in November, 1910, he has continued to serve 
 in that capacity to the present time, discharging the 
 duties of that office while also continuing his private 
 law practice. 
 
 His political allegiance is given unswervingly to the 
 Democratic party, in the affairs of which he has al- 
 ways taken a very active part. Fraternal associations 
 are enjoyed as a member of the Masons, the Knights of 
 Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of 
 Elks and he has attained the rank of past exalted ruler 
 in the latter order. 
 
 On March 23, 1898, was solemnized the marriage of 
 ^Ir. Stout and Miss Mary Ellen Inglis, a daughter of 
 John and Mary Inglis. of Alount Carmel. Illinois. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Stout stand high in the esteem of all who 
 know them and are numbered amon.g the most prom- 
 inent people of their city. 
 
 Moses D. Rider. Of the alert and enterprising busi- 
 ness men of Helena, Moses D. Rider, proprietor of the 
 Capitol Plumbing Company is typical, and not only in 
 commercial and industrial circles, but in other im- 
 portant channels do his intelligent initiative and pro- 
 .gressiveness find expression. A native son of the 
 Empire state, his restless, adventurous, enterprising 
 spirit took him in youth to the free, broad life of the 
 west and he has tasted its wholesome experiences in 
 many guises, even to that of cowboy. In those early 
 days, when the plains were his home, he knew Theo- 
 dore Roosevelt, their ranches adjoining, and the two 
 young fellows found each other’s society most agree- 
 able. It is needless to say that Mr. Rider is a whole- 
 souled Progressive. 
 
 IMr. Rider was born in Tioga county, New York, 
 April 7, 1869. The birthplace of his father, Stephen 
 J. Rider, was identical with his own. and the date of the 
 elder gentleman's entrance upon this mundane sphere 
 February 6, 1834. The father who answered the dual 
 calling of lumberman and farmer, served as county com- 
 missioner and superintendent of schools. He was an 
 Episcopalian and although revered in his community, 
 found his greatest pleasure in his own home, clubs and 
 lodges finding no place in his idea of happiness. The 
 demise of this good man occurred in Alarch, 1910. His 
 wife, whose maiden name was Mary Duff, was like- 
 wise a native of Tioga county, and her death preceded 
 that of her husband by two years. Their union was 
 solemnized on July 29, 1857, in the county which was 
 
1138 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the scene of birth, life and passing away. Of the five 
 children born to them, Moses was the second in order 
 of nativity. 
 
 Moses D. Rider received his first introduction to 
 Minerva, goddess of wisdom, in the public schools of 
 his native county, and he subsequently entered college 
 at Oswego, New York, graduating from that institution 
 of learning with the class of 1876. Upon leaving 
 school he embarked in the butcher's trade at Nichols, 
 New York, this being an independent venture. Dur- 
 ing his attendance at school he had learned the steam 
 fitter’s trade with Messrs. Shapley & Wells of 
 Binghampton, New York, so that he was well equipped 
 with trades. He followed the butcher’s business for 
 a little Over a year, then selling out and at once start- 
 ing west. He first located in Nebraska, taking uo his 
 residence at Crete, Saline county and there he en- 
 gaged in farming. His activities in connection with 
 the great basic industry engaged him only about a 
 year, at the end of which time he removed to the west- 
 ern part of the state and engaged in the cattle business, 
 in the picturesque role of a cowboy. He followed 
 ranching life until 1880, which year marks his first 
 identification with Montana. His first residence within 
 Montana territory was at Stoneville, where he found 
 employment with the firm of Pennell, Roberts & Bly, 
 tie contractors for the Northern Pacific Railroad. He 
 remained with this firm for two years and a half and 
 then began over again with the firm as a workman, by 
 efficiency and faithfulness working his way up to man- 
 ager. He began very modestly with a compensation 
 of thirty dollars a month. In course of time he re- 
 signed and became associated with the firm of Marquis 
 De Denores, at Medora, North Dakota, and later was 
 employed as cattle buyer for the Northern Pacific Re- 
 frigerator Car Company. In 1887 he removed to 
 Helena, where his wandering days at an end, he has 
 resided ever since, prosperity and good fortunes com- 
 ing his way. 
 
 Mr. Rider’s first Helena employment was with the 
 brick manufacturing company, known as W. B. Gor- 
 don & Company, Mr. Rider being one of the three 
 gentlemen who comprised the firm. Frank Keeler was 
 also a member. Their first important contract was the 
 manufacture of the brick for the Helena-Livingston 
 Smeltering & Reduction Company, the contract calling 
 for 3,000,000 brick. The business continued with re- 
 markable success for two years and then went out of 
 business. Mr. Rider then accepted a position with the 
 Helena Steam Heating & Supply Company, which has 
 been established since the year 1886, and was the 
 pioneer plant of its kind in the city, and remained with 
 it for three years. Then Mr. Rider, in association with 
 A. N. Adams, purchased the business later known as 
 the Adams-Rider Company. This partnership was of 
 a year and a half’s duration, Mr. Rider then selling 
 out and establishing the Rider & Gilpatrick Steam Fit- 
 ting & Plumbing Company, his association with Mr. Gil- 
 patrick existing from 1895 to 1897. In 1902, he estab- 
 lished the Capitol Plumbing Company, his present busi- 
 ness. This has been most successful and its location 
 is at loi Broadway. The Capitol Plumbing Company 
 is the second oldest of its kind in Helena. He has 
 other interests of broad scope and importance, in 
 the way of mining and real estate. 
 
 Mr. Rider has been recognized by his fellow towns- 
 men as of the proper material for public office. He 
 was deputy sheriff of Saline county, Nebraska, for the 
 year 1879 and in 1884 held the same position in Bill- 
 ings county. North Dakota. From 1898 to 1904 he 
 held the office of alderman of Helena. A tried and 
 true Republican, he has always taken an active part 
 in national, state and local affairs, and has done much 
 to bring about the success of the Grand Old Party. 
 
 Fraternally, he is a member of IMorning Star Lodge, 
 
 No. 5, of Helena, having taken fifteen degrees and 
 filled the chairs to that of senior deacon in the blue 
 lodge. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows and is past grand of Montana. His church 
 is the Episcopal. 
 
 Mr. Rider was happily married at Boulder, Jefferson 
 county, Montana, his chosen lady being Miss Mary E. 
 Osborne. Their union was celebrated on October ii, 
 1888. Ihe date of Mrs. Rider’s birth was November 
 19, 1865. P'our interesting children have been born to 
 them. Octavia Adelle, born November 17, 1892, at 
 Helena, is a teacher of violin ; Chester F., born Novem- 
 ber 2, 1897, is his father’s bookkeeper; Stanley D. 
 Rider, born in July, 1901, died in March, 1902; and 
 Stephen Earnest, born in Helena, December 5, 1902. 
 The residence of the Riders is located at 704 Third 
 street. The subject finds favorite sources of diversion 
 in hunting and fishing and other out-door pursuits. 
 He is very loyal to Helena, whose inferiority to any 
 spot on earth he refuses to acknowledge. 
 
 Alexander L. Demers has been a resident of Mon- 
 tana for nearly a third of a century, having come hither 
 in 1880. In 1907 he located at Arlee, where he has since 
 maintained his home, and here he is a prominent mer- 
 chant and the popular and efficient incumbent of the 
 office of postmaster. Mr. Demers has ever manifested 
 a deep and sincere interest in public affairs and is a 
 willing contributor to all measures and enterprises pro- 
 jected for the good of the general welfare. 
 
 A Canadian by birth, Alexander L. Demers was born 
 in Montreal, province of Quebec, Canada, October 16, 
 1849. Plis father, Louis Demers, was born and reared 
 in Canada and resided there during his entire life- 
 time. In his younger days he was engaged in farm- 
 ing in the vicinity of Montreal but later turned his at- 
 tention to the contracting business. His wife, whose 
 maiden name was Henrietta Durancean, was likewise a 
 native of Canada and they were married near Mon- 
 treal. Lie died in 1885 at the age of eighty-three years, 
 and she passed away in 1893 at the age of seventy-nine 
 years. They were the parents of eight children, of whom 
 the subject of this review was the first born. 
 
 In the public schools of Montreal Mr. Demers ob- 
 tained his early educational training and while at school 
 he learned bookkeeping, which occupation he followed 
 generally until he left home. He earned his first money 
 as a boy working in a dr\'-goods store in Montreal. 
 He started in as cash boy but at the end of three months 
 was put behind the counter as salesman. His salary 
 at the start was seven dollars per month and this sum 
 he handed over intact to his mother. He remained 
 at home until he had reached his legal majority and 
 then came to the United States, locating first in the 
 city of Chicago, where he worked for two years in a 
 real-estate office, and going thence to the southern part 
 of the country, stopping at different towns and follow- 
 ing various occupations for the ensuing year, at the 
 end of which he returned to Montreal. He remained 
 in his home place for the next six years and during a 
 part of that time was engaged in the grocery business, 
 later turning his attention to contracting. Many fine 
 buildings in Montreal stand as a monument to his 
 handiwork. On leaving home the second time he went 
 to Colorado, where he was clerk for a railroad com- 
 pany for one year, at the expiration of which, in 1880, 
 he came to Montana, where he has since maintained 
 his home. For a number of years he conducted a store 
 at the Mission in the Flathead Reservation and he 
 was in that place until 1901, when he disposed of his 
 business and went to Missoula, where he ran a harness 
 and saddle shop for several years. In 1907 he came 
 to Arlee and opened his present store and he is now 
 recop'nized as the leading merchant in this place. He 
 has been postmaster for a period of twenty-five years, 
 part of the time in the Flathead country and for the 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1139 
 
 last four 3’cars at Arlee. He is also the owner of a 
 large ranch eligibly located three and one-half miles 
 distant from Arlee. He is a Democrat in politics and 
 IS a valued member of the school board. In fraternal 
 matters he is an Elk and in their religious faith the 
 family are devout communicants of the Catholic church. 
 
 Mr. Demers was married at the Agency, in i88i, to 
 Grace E. Lambert, who was born and reared at St. Paul, 
 Minnesota, and who is a daughter of Judge Lambert, 
 formerly of St. Paul, Minnesota. Seven children have 
 been born to this union and concerning them the follow- 
 ing data are here incorporated ; One died when two 
 3'ears old; Grace E. married W. H. Lost and resides 
 in Butte, Montana; Louis A. is associated with his 
 father in business at Arlee; he is also notary public 
 and United States commissioner; Eugene L. is engaged 
 in bookkeeping at Butte; Alice married O. V. Mc- 
 Intire and resides at Arlee, Mr. Mclntire being a clerk 
 and interested in the Demers Mercantile Company; 
 Florence B. is a fine artist and has painted some beau- 
 tiful pictures; she resides at home with her parents; 
 Lambert L. is attending school. 
 
 Mr. Demers devotes all his time to business and his 
 family. He is very proficient and versatile as a musi- 
 cian. In fact every member of the family is musical 
 and with their various instruments could conduct a 
 little band or orchestra of their own. The daughters 
 are likewise talented as artists and some of their paint- 
 ings might really be termed masterpieces. The home is 
 a scene of comfort and hospitality is extended to all 
 comers. 
 
 Harry Helms. Prominent among the older genera- 
 , tion of business men in Glendive, one whose residence 
 ' in this city covered a period of more than thirty years 
 was the late Harry Helms, in whose death, ]\ionda}y 
 July 15, 1912, there passed away a citizen who was 
 identified with all matters pertaining to the welfare of 
 the city or Dawson countj^ and a man whose kindness 
 of heart endeared him to a wide circle of friends. 
 Harry Helms was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 8, 
 1849, and was nine years of age when his parents re- 
 moved to Indianapolis, Indiana. There he completed 
 his public school education and subsequently took a 
 course in Professor Kroll’s Commercial College, from 
 which he was graduated. He immediately chose the 
 trade of ship carpenter for his life work, the details of 
 which vocation he learned at Louisville, Kentuckj^ and 
 after finishing the trade he traveled in that capacity on 
 the tributaries of the Mississippi river for ten years. 
 Under the command of Captain Robert IMason, Mr. 
 Helms was ship carpenter on the “E. H. Durfee,” which 
 came up the Yellowstone to the Big Horn river 
 in 1876, the memorable year of the Custer massacre, 
 and on the return trip brought the remnants of Reno’s 
 soldiers to Fort Lincoln. His personal association with 
 those events was a source of great pleasure to him in 
 after years when in a reminiscent mood. 
 
 Prior to the advent of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 which established its grade in 1881, Mr. Helms mi- 
 grated to Glendive and opened a saloon and restaurant, 
 the letter of which was discontinued after several years, 
 the liquor business receiving all of his attention until 
 1892, when Mr. Helms was elected a county commis- 
 sioner by the Democratic party, and had the satisfaction 
 of seeing the handsome steel bridge across the Yellow- 
 stone river completed before the expiration of his term 
 of office. During his earl}' days he developed a liking 
 for the harness horse, in this line becoming widely 
 known among horse lovers throughout the west. He 
 developed animals that established records on various 
 tracks, among his famous horses being “Major,” “Al- 
 toka,” and “Governor Wilson,” in addition to several 
 youngsters which were ready but had not been raced 
 when jMr. Helms’ sudden death occurred. Some six 
 years prior to his death, Mr. Helms associated himself 
 
 Vol. 1—19 
 
 in business with Fred Volkert, another pioneer busi- 
 ness man of Glendive, and with him erected the hand- 
 some new block on Bell street. 
 
 Mr. Helms was married the second time to Miss 
 Annie Devitt, who, with a young son and daughter by 
 his first marriage, mourn his death. The funeral ser- 
 vices were conducted by the Reverend Grefthens, from 
 Llr. Helms’ residence. A public spirited citizen, with 
 the interest of his adopted city and county at heart, 
 Mr. Helms did much to advance the community’s inter- 
 ests. His charities were many, but his was the form 
 of benefaction that is done quietly, modestly and un- 
 ostentatiously, and the extent of his donations will 
 probably never be known. Few men have had a greater 
 number of friends, and none will be held in kindlier 
 remembrance. 
 
 Charles Krug. It has been the privilege of some 
 to assist in the development of their country, to travel 
 to the waste places and blaze the trail for the great 
 migrations which take place from one section to another 
 less civilized. From earliest days in this country the 
 tendency has ever been to press westward, and when 
 a certain section of the land has become too congested 
 there haA'e always been intrepid souls who have jour- 
 neyed forth to dangerous and forbidden territory, his- 
 tory in this respect constantly repeating itself. In the 
 record of Montana’s settlement and civilization the name 
 of Charles Krug holds a conspicuous place. Coming 
 to the west in 1878, in an endeavor to find a locality 
 where an invalid sister might regain her lost health, 
 he experienced all the hardships and privations inci- 
 dental to the early frontier, and not only accomplished 
 his original purpose, but so ably conducted his affairs 
 that today he is considered one of the leading sheep- 
 men of eastern Montana. A record of his career is 
 interesting not only as an example of what youthful 
 energy, ambition and perseverance may accomplish, but 
 also as depicting something of Montana’s early life. 
 
 Charles Krug was born November i, 1846, at Peters- 
 burg, Mahoning county, Ohio, and is a son of Conrad 
 and Sophia Krug, natives of Germany. Conrad Krug 
 came to the United States in young manhood, working 
 steadil}' at his trade of weaver for five years in order 
 to earn the means with which to return to his native 
 country and be married. This accomplished, he again 
 came to America and located in Ohio, remaining there 
 for about seven years and then moving to Michigan. 
 Up to this time he had followed almost continuously 
 the trade of weaver, and his son still preserves jealously 
 a number of pieces of his handiwork showing his skill 
 in weaving. On locating in Michigan, however, Conrad 
 Krug took up a claim of government land in the 
 heavily wooded district of the state, there building a 
 primitive cottage of logs and little by little developing 
 a farm from the dense wilderness about him. This 
 sturdy and sterling old citizen passed away at the age 
 of eighty-four years, after a long and honorable career, 
 while his faithful wife and helpmate died when eighty- 
 three years old. They had a family of three sons and 
 two daughters. 
 
 Charles Krug was the oldest son of his parents’ chil- 
 dren, and, his services being needed on the old home 
 farm, he was able to secure but little schooling. How- 
 ever, he continued to remain under the parental roof 
 until he was twenty-two years of age,_ assisting his- 
 father to cultivate the homestead, of which he_ is still 
 the owner, and on which he had lived since his sixth 
 year. In 1868 Mr. Krug went to Grand Rapids, Michi- 
 gan, and for a time was engaged in railroading, sub- 
 sequently turning his attention to lumbering in con- 
 nection with railroad construction work. _ He so con- 
 tinued for eight years, at the end of which time cir- 
 cumstances made it advisable for Charles to come to 
 the west. His sister Emma was afflicted with a severe 
 case of asthma, and her suffering at length became so 
 
1140 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 acute that she decided to seek relief in a climate further 
 west. Accordingly, in 1878, Charles Krug left home 
 and made a trip through Colorado, New Mexico, 
 Utah and Arizona, in the meantime doing some work 
 for the Santa he Railroad. He was also seeking a 
 country where he could establish himself in business, 
 and, hearing of Montana as a place fitted for his needs, 
 took the old Narrow-Gauge iHilroad from Salt Lake 
 City north as far as it ran, and at Red Rock, Idaho, 
 with a companion, secured horses and started east. At 
 that time there were no such towns as Livingston or 
 Billings, and no railroad had been built through that 
 country, and they were compelled to ride 1,000 miles on 
 horseback, through the wild and dangerous section, 
 constantly menaced by wild animals and hostile Indians. 
 As they reached Fort Keogh, where General Nelson A. 
 Miles was stationed, the famous and bloodthirsty In- 
 dian chief Rain-in-the-Face had just surrendered after 
 a long and murderous campaign against the travelers. 
 These two hardy pioneers, however, pushed on to Man- 
 dan, Dakota, to which the Northern Pacific had recently 
 been built, and there Mr. Krug, being short of funds, 
 secured employment in the railway service. He re- 
 mained in the employ of the Northern Pacific Railroad 
 for eleven years and during this time brought his si.ster 
 here. She was one of the pioneer white women of this 
 section, and was successful in regaining her health for 
 some time, but her death was eventually caused by the 
 same disease. In 1881 Mr. Krug built one of the first 
 cottages in Glendive, and it still stands today, being 
 across the street from the present home of Mr. Krug, 
 a beautiful residence of brick, modern in construction 
 and appointments, which he erected in 1907. 
 
 As soon as he settled down to work Mr. Krug started 
 in the cattle business, and by the year 1885 was the 
 owner of 500 head of cattle. Like many other cattle- 
 men of that time and locality, however, he lost nearly 
 all of his animals in the fierce storms of the winter of 
 1886-7, but he immediately began to replenish his stock, 
 and in 1887 embarked in the sheep business. From that 
 time on his rise was rapid, and at one time he owned 
 fifty-four sections of land and was the largest sheep- 
 man in this part of Montana. He still owns 12,000 
 acres of land, his ranch being sixteen miles southwest 
 of Glendive, and has 800 acres under irrigation and 
 100 acres in alfalfa. 
 
 On November 16, 1900, Mr. Krug was married to 
 Mrs. F. B. Ketchen, daughter of G. D. and Barbara 
 (Chalmers) Hackney, natives of Scotland. jMrs. Krug’s 
 parents immigrated to Canada at an early day, and there 
 fourteen children, including two pair of twins, were 
 born to them, and in 1881 they came to Dakota. They 
 now make their home in Idaho. Mr. Hackney being 
 seventy-six years of age and his wife sixty-seven. Mrs. 
 Krug was born in Canada, and while the family resided 
 in Dakota, met and married F. B. Ketchen, who left 
 her with two children : Lovina and Florence. Mr. and 
 
 Mrs. Krug have had five children : Charles C., Emma 
 A., Irene, George D. and Paul. Mrs. Krug and her 
 daughters are members of the Congregational church. 
 Mr. Krug is a Democrat in his political views, but 
 aside from serving for eight years as commissioner 
 of Dawson county has had no public record. He has 
 at all times, however, been before the people as a man 
 whose extensive operations have added to his com- 
 munity’s industrial importance and who has had at 
 heart the welfare of his adopted state. A representative 
 of the old band of pioneers whose ranks are thinning 
 day by day, he is well deserving of the respect and 
 esteem in which he is universally held and commands 
 a high place in the regard of those who are admirers 
 of self-made manhood. 
 
 Fred Volkert. Nothing is more certain than that 
 thrift, industrv and preseverance will eventually lead 
 to success. These are the leading characteristics of the 
 
 German race, and it is generally for that reason that the 
 natives of the batherland readily gain positions of in- 
 dependence m whatever locality they establish them- 
 selves. One of the most notable examples of self- 
 made manhood is found in the person of Fred Volkart 
 of Gleiidive, pioneer business man, rancher, real estate 
 owner, banker and financier, whose career has been 
 filled \yith industrious effort since boyhood, and whose 
 labors have had their reward in the attainment of a posi- 
 tion of importance among his fellow citizens. Mr. 
 Volkert was bora in Germany, December 10, i860, and 
 came to the United States with his parents, four broth- 
 ers and two sisters. The family arrived in Baltimore 
 Maryland, m May, 1872, and there the father died in 
 1877, and his mother during the following year. 
 
 Fred Volkert was not given many opportunities of an 
 educational nature when he was a lad, but observation 
 and many years of experience have made him the pos- 
 sessor of a broad and comprehensive fund of informa- 
 tion far exceeding that of some whose early training 
 was of a much more extensive nature. After the death 
 of his parents, the family became somewhat separated, 
 and Fred secured employment in a picture frame fac- 
 tory, where he worked for some time. Later he re- 
 moyed to Chicago, Illinois, where he also followed that 
 business, earning enough there to pay his way to Minne- 
 apolis, where he arrived in 1880. In the latter city he 
 repeated the process, and the month of March, 1881, 
 found hirn in Bismarck, North Dakota. There Mr. 
 Volkert hired out to work his passage on a boat com- 
 ing up the Yellowstone river, and when this vessel 
 reached Glendive, then a hamlet of two blocks of log 
 houses, he left the boat and secured a position as jani- 
 tor of the temporary court house, where he continued 
 to work for some time. Following this, for ten years 
 he accepted whatever honorable employment presented 
 itself, being for a time clerk and bartender in the old 
 Yellowstone hotel. During this time, with others, he 
 organized the Glendive Stock Company, a business de- 
 voted to the raising of sheep on Beaver Creek, and 
 at one time this concern had six thousand sheep. After 
 three years, Mr. Volkert returned to Glendive, and 
 formed a partnership with Harry Helms in the liquor 
 business, building a fine brick block on West Bell street. 
 No. 112,. a two-story building, where they conducted a 
 retail and jobbing business together until the death of 
 Mr. Helms, since which time Mr. Volkert has con- 
 ducted the business alone. In addition, Mr. Volkert 
 owns some one thousand four hundred and forty acres 
 of land, of which five hundred are under cultivation and 
 are devoted to wheat, barley and flax, this ranch being 
 located twenty miles southwest of Glendive. He has 
 much real estate in the city itself and owns a handsome 
 modern residence here, as well as in Great Falls; is 
 a director of the Exchange State Bank, of ( 41 endive, a 
 position which he has occupied since that institution was 
 changed from a private bank to a state one, and he has 
 numerous other valuable interests in Glendive and Daw- 
 son county. He is known as an alert and shrewed, 
 but upright and honorable business man. and has the 
 entire confidence of his associates. His politics are those 
 of the Republican party, but public matters have not 
 claimed his attention to the extent of inducing him to 
 seek office. Fraternally, Mr. Volkert is connected with 
 the Modern Woodmen of America, in which he has 
 many friends, as he has, indeed, throughout the city. 
 
 Stephen Sulliv.\n. A worthy representative of the 
 energetic younger and native generation of Montana 
 is Stephen Sullivan, the popular treasurer of Lewis 
 and Clark county, who was born at Marysville, this 
 state, December 26. 1881. There he was reared in 
 the home of worthy parents and was educated up to 
 the eighth grade in the public schools of his native 
 city. This training he supplemented by a course in 
 the Helena Business College, from which he was grad- 
 

 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1141 
 
 uated in 1899. Upon leaving school he became state 
 agent for the Scranton (Pa.) Correspondence Schools, 
 and pushed the business with that vim and resolution 
 which not only made a record for him in that capacity 
 but which have been marked characteristics of his sub- 
 sequent career. After some two years’ service in that 
 position, he became city solicitor for the Montana Daily 
 Record of Helena, but six months later resigned to 
 take up an appointment under Percy R. Witmar as 
 county clerk and recorder. He filled that office two 
 years and five months, and then was appointed deputy 
 clerk of the court under Mayor P'rank Reece. It was 
 at the close of his two years’ term as deputy clerk 
 of the court that he made his race for the Republican 
 nomination as county treasurer, and in the following 
 election (in 1910) secured the office by twelve votes. 
 The contest was a spirited one, Mr. Sullivan having 
 as his opponent A. J. Duncan, former treasurer and 
 one of the strongest men politically in the county. 
 Mr. Sullivan is accredited with an able and consci- 
 entious discharge of his official duties, and his accom- 
 plishments thus far in life presage for him a very 
 successful future career, whether in the field of busi- 
 ness or in political life. 
 
 Mr. Sullivan is the son of Daniel D. Sullivan, a 
 native of Cork, Ireland, where he was born in 1847. 
 He came to this country in 1864, at the age of seven- 
 teen, a stranger in a strange land, to push his own 
 way. He first located at Hancock, Michigan, where 
 he worked in the mines several years. There he was 
 married to Miss Mary Sullivan, who not only bore 
 the same name but was also a native of the Emerald 
 Isle, she having immigrated to America when a young 
 girl. Having decided to make his home in the west, 
 Daniel D. Sullivan and his wife started on their long 
 and hazardous journey overland across the plains in 
 1878, and after five months of the hardships and dangers 
 incident to their mode of travel in that early day, they 
 reached Marysville, Montana, where they decided to 
 remain. For thirty-four years they made their home 
 in that city in the heart of the Rockies and are among 
 its oldest and most respected pioneers. These years 
 have been spent by Mr. Sullivan as a miner and mine 
 operator, but he now lives retired. 
 
 On October 9, 1907, at Helena, Montana, were per- 
 formed those solemn rites of marriage which united 
 Stephen Sullivan and Miss Elma C. Barnes, a daughter 
 of James M. and Margaret Barnes, the former of whom 
 is deceased and the latter of whom now resides in 
 Helena. Mr. and Mrs. Sullivan have three children ; 
 Margaret C. Sullivan, born October i, 1908; Stephen 
 D. Sullivan, Jr., born June 10, 1910, and John J. Sul- 
 livan, April 4, 1912. Helena being the birthplace of 
 all. 
 
 Mr. Sullivan is a devout communicant of the Catholic 
 church, and in political affairs is a Republican. Fra- 
 ternally he affiliates with the Royal Highlanders, the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and the Knights 
 of Columbus, and is a trustee of the last named order 
 in Helena. Vigorous, alert and resourceful in busi- 
 ness life, to these personal qualities is added a genial 
 personality which wins for him a warm friendship 
 from those he meets, whether in the affairs of daily 
 life or in the social and fraternal circles in which he 
 mingles. Helena numbers Mr. Sullivan among its 
 popular and wide-awake young men. 
 
 William Craig Carroll. This honorable old family 
 has for nearly two hundred years been identified with 
 the growth and development of this country, and is 
 represented in Butte by William C. and Joseph T. 
 Carroll, leading business men and representative citi- 
 zens. These gentlemen are descendants in the_ sixth 
 generation from Joseph Carroll, who was born in the 
 lowlands of Scotland about 1660, the line of descent 
 from this ancestor being shown by Roman numerals. 
 
 ■(I) Joseph Carroll was born in the lowlands of 
 Scotland in 1660, and was a member of the body of 
 Protestants that sought refuge in the north of Ireland 
 at the time of the religious difficulties in Scotland. 
 Joseph Carroll served under the Duke of Schomburg, 
 in the army of William Prince of Orange and par- 
 ticipated in the engagement at the River Boyne, for 
 which service he became a beneficiary under the act 
 passed during William’s reign, which granted pensions 
 to the soldiers of the Prince of Orange in the shape 
 of grants of land in the British Colonies of North 
 America. He was given a grant of one league square, 
 which was never laid by him, but descended to his son 
 Joseph and was laid by him in York District, South 
 Carolina, in 1751, more than sixty years after the serv- 
 ice was rendered for which it was given. In his family 
 was a son — 
 
 (II) Joseph Carroll was born in Ulster county, 
 Ireland, in 1699, and married in that country Jane 
 Swance, an Irish-protestant lady, with whom he immi- 
 grated to America about 1730, settling in what is now 
 Chester county, Pennsylvania. Here he resided more 
 than twenty years and it was where a number of his 
 children were born. That restless spirit of adventure 
 pictured in his mind the beautiful and fruitful lands 
 of Georgia and the Carolinas, when he in company with 
 a large number of others migrated to that section c.f 
 the country. A portion of the company settled near 
 Charlotte, North Carolina, another, including Joseph 
 Carroll and family, continued the journeys farther south 
 until they came to Allisons creek, in York District, 
 South Carolina, near where this stream empties into the 
 Catawba river. This was in the latter part of 1751 
 or early in 1752. He had some time prior to this 
 obtained a grant of land from the British Crown and, 
 selecting a tract of 840 acres on Allisons creek he 
 began a settlement there in 1753. He also obtained by 
 this grant a large tract of land five or six miles south 
 of his homestead and another tract along the Catawba 
 river, in all amounting to five thousand seven hundred 
 and sixty acres of land. In 1753 he built a dwelling 
 house in the bottom lands of Allisons creek, from 
 yellow swamp pine logs cut from his lands five 
 miles distant and hauled to where they were used. 
 This house was a two story^ structure, twenty-four by 
 thirty feet, and stood for more than one hundred and 
 twenty-five _ years. His great-grandson, Thomas M. 
 Carroll, visited that section in 1878, and the old house 
 was still standing, but unoccupied. It was in this 
 home that Joseph Carroll died in 1786, at the age of 
 eighty-seven years. He was one of those sturdy old 
 pioneers who lived up to his religion seven days in a 
 week, a devout Presbyterian. His son — 
 
 (HI) Joseph Carroll was born in Chester county, 
 Pennsylvania, and moved with his parents to York 
 District, South Carolina, when a young man. He 
 married in the latter state, and lived on a part of his 
 father’s old homestead, which subsequently' fell to him 
 by virtue of that parent’s last will and testament. He 
 remained a resident of South Carolina until his death. 
 Included in his family was a son — 
 
 (IV) Joseph Carroll, born September 25, 1781, in 
 York District, South Carolina. When a young man 
 he apprenticed himself to Matthew Moffit, a blacksmith, 
 and worked with him until he had acquired a sufficient 
 amount of skill in the use of such tools that he was 
 able to begin business for himself. On February 15, 
 1810, he was united in marriage with Miss Isabella 
 Henry, at the old homestead in Lincoln county. North 
 Carolina, the state line dividing the farm within one 
 hundred yards of the house. Afterwards, in order 
 to have their citizenship in South Carolina, the house 
 was removed across the line. This section of the 
 south is connected with the history of the Revolutionary 
 struggle, as but twelve miles away the battle of King’s 
 Mountain was fought in October, 1780, an engagement 
 
1142 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 wherein the British troops under Colonel Ferguson 
 were signally defeated by the colonists composed mostly 
 of militia without any regular commander, while but 
 thirty-five miles distant was fought the battle of the 
 Cow Pens, in 1781. In the latter engagement was the 
 father of Isabella Henry. She was born July S, 1788, 
 in Lincoln county, North Carolina, the daughter of 
 Major William Henry, who was born in York District, 
 South Carolina, in i7.S3, and died September 12, 1807. 
 He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war and at the 
 battle of the Cow Pens was a member of Captain 
 Gordon’s Company, under General Morgan. Major 
 William Henry often related to his family and friends 
 how the soldiers were awakened at four o’clock in the 
 morning of January 17, 1781, and informed that they 
 were to stand and give battle to the British under 
 General Tarleton. The poorly clad colonists were glad 
 for this opportunity, as for several days they had been 
 fleeing from the enemy, many of them were worn out 
 with fatigue and were glad of a chance to fight. Soon 
 after daylight Tarleton’s Legions came in sight and on 
 a piece of high ground to the east mustered his men, 
 and at sunrise t.he charge was made. The comrade 
 of William Llenry, Andrew Soften, fell dead at the 
 first fire and dropped lengthwise in front of him. Step- 
 ping over his dead body to a Black Jack tree, Mr. 
 Henry fired his rifle seventeen times, when the British 
 were routed. After the battle he took a pair of shoes 
 from the feet of a dead British soldier and placed 
 them on his almost bare feet. The father of William 
 Henry was also William, born 1715, in County Down, 
 Ireland, and lived to the age of one hundred and four 
 years. The mother of Isabella Henry, and wife of 
 Major William Llenry, was Rosanna Moore, a native 
 of Chester county, Pennsylvania. Her father and 
 brothers were murdered by the Indians at the mas- 
 sacre at McLords Fort in 1764. She often told of 
 how she heard the roar of musketry at the battle of 
 King’s Mountain, as well of other incidents that hap- 
 pened before and after that battle. 
 
 In March of 1810 Joseph Carroll with his bride set- 
 tled on his father’s homestead on Allisons creek, and 
 resided there until he removed to the west. Lie and 
 his wife early united with the Seceder church (which 
 is Presbyterian Assential), and remained in that con- 
 nection until they bade adieu to the Carolinas. After 
 the close of the war of 1812 Joseph Carroll came to a 
 realization of the fact that his opportunities for making 
 proper provision for his family in a section where lands 
 were high in nrice and inferior in quality were not 
 nearly as good as what a new country could offer. 
 Consequently, in September, 1816, with his wife and 
 four children, he set out for the territory of Missouri, 
 where strong inducements were being held out to those 
 desiring homes. The family and all their earthly effects 
 were carried in one wagon. This little party crossed 
 the Blue Ridge mountains at a place called .Swanano 
 Gap. and in November arrived at South Warpath, 
 Davidson county, Tennessee. Here they passed the 
 winter of 1816-17, with a brother of Mrs. Carroll, 
 William Henry, who had settled there some years 
 before. In March. 1817. they resumed their journey 
 westward and in May arrived at Edwardsville, Illinois, 
 which was then the seat of the territorial government. 
 Mr. Carroll rented a small piece of farming ground 
 here and planted it in corn, also began work at his 
 trade. While there the s-urveyqr general of Illinois 
 territory came to Edwardsville to visit the Governor, 
 and Mr. Carroll formed his acquaintance. This gentle- 
 man strongly urged Air. Carroll to move up into the 
 Sangamon valley, in Illinois, pointing out to him the 
 great future of that section. 
 
 But as a great many of his friends and family con- 
 nections from the Carolinas had settled in Missouri, 
 and others were on the way, all of whom possessed 
 more or less slave property, which could not be retained 
 
 in Illinois, he again loaded his precious household and 
 staited for Missouri. They crossed the Mississippi 
 ri\er at what is now Alton, Illinois, but was then 
 called Smelser’s Ferry, which landed them in St 
 Charles county, in June, 1817. They proceeded on their 
 way and stopped near the Buffalo Lick, where they 
 paused while Mr. Carroll was able to take a look at 
 the country. Selecting a location on Haw creek, he 
 proceeded to cut logs preparatory to erecting a cabin 
 when he met with Bennet Goldsberry, of Frankford 
 who informed him that the land he had selected was 
 covered by a confirmed French claim, that the heirs 
 lived in France, and in all probability the land would 
 not come into the market for many vears, which proved 
 to be true, for not until 1853 did the' land change hands 
 James Templeton, Sr., having settled on and preempted 
 four quarter sections of land on the middle of the 
 dividing line between sections 4 and 5, in township 53, 
 I. W., he tendered Air. Carroll the southwest quarter 
 of section 4, reserving ten acres of the northwest 
 corner to be deeded to Air. Templeton when Mr. Car- 
 10x1 obtained a patent to the same. This arrangement 
 was carried out in 1838. On this tract of land Mr. 
 Carroll settled, and here the remainder of his family 
 were born. It remained in his possession until 1858, 
 when he sold it to two of his nephews, James and 
 Baniah Carroll. In 1818 Air. Carroll attended the first 
 puhhe land sale in St. Louis, then a French village of 
 3,600 people, and entered by preemption the old home- 
 stead in Pike county, Alissouri. 
 
 Air. Carroll survived until i860, his good wife having 
 passed away on November 17, 1840, and hers was the 
 first death in a family of eleven children and parents. 
 The children all lived to adult ages. Joseph Carroli 
 and his wife were most earnest and devout Christians 
 and their lives offered both lessons and incentives to 
 all ^ who came within the sphere of their influence. 
 Originally a member of the Seceder church, in 1842 
 he united with the Associate Reform church in Mis- 
 souri. with which he continued to be affiliated until his 
 death. Concerning him the following statements have 
 been written in a history of the family; “He was a 
 man of good sense, generous impulses but strong preju- 
 dices, sometimes to a fault, but he was a practical 
 Christian, strongly Calvanistic in his faith.” He was 
 a constant reader of the Bible, loved to pore over the 
 old writings of Erskine, Boston, Dickinson and Brown, 
 who wrote his favorite system of divinity; was sternly 
 opposed to all innovations in religion, and was proverb- 
 ially scrupulous in his reverence for and observance 
 of the Sabbath day. He was buried in the old Buffalo 
 burying ground in Pike county, Missouri. Lie was one 
 of the genuine pioneers of that county, and it is said 
 that his blacksmith tools were the first of the kind ever 
 brought into Pike county. His family of eleven chil- 
 dren comprised six sons and five daughters : Henry, 
 
 Elias Lewellyn, John Moore, Edward Byers, Thomas 
 M. and Joseph Alexander being the sons; while Louisa 
 Jane, Cynthia Ann, Alartha Rosanna, Isabella and Eliza- 
 beth Catharine were the daughters. Of these children 
 
 (V) Thomas M., was the father of William C. and 
 Joseph T. Carroll and was born December 17, 1823, in 
 Pike county, Alissouri, about four miles south of the 
 city of Louisiana. Reared as was the custom of farmer 
 boys in his time and locality, he attended the country 
 schools of that section until about the age af fourteen, 
 when he began to learn the blacksmith trade with his 
 father and continued to work with him until in 1844. 
 He was married that year and soon afterward turned 
 his attention to farming. In 1852 he settled on what 
 became known as the old family homestead, and here 
 developed one of the fine landed estates of Pike county, 
 Alissouri, He was a prominent agriculturist and also 
 gained marked success in the breeding of fine live 
 stock, especially blooded horse's, and he operated a mill 
 for many years. He was bne of the influential citizens 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1143 
 
 of his native county, a man who wielded a good in- 
 fluence, and was always interested in the moral and 
 intellectual advancement of his community. His death 
 occurred on the Qth of May, 1896, while on a visit in 
 New York City. Mr. Carroll “lived a godly, righteous 
 and sober life.” He was a man of strong individuality 
 and ever commanded a secure place in the esteem of his 
 fellow men. He served as assessor of his native county 
 for four successive years, being first elected in August, 
 i860. In November, 1868, he was elected to represent 
 the district comprising Pike, Lincoln and Montgomery 
 counties in the state senate of Missouri, of which he 
 was a member for four years, during which time he 
 made a record for faithful and efficient service. In 
 1854 he joined the Old School Presbyterian_ church, in 
 which denomination, until his death, he continued to be 
 one of the leaders, always taking a foremost part in 
 the work of the church, serving in various official 
 positions, and being one of its most substantial sup- 
 porters. 
 
 On the 22nd of August, 1844, Thomas M. Carroll ivas 
 married to Miss Martha Walker Bryson, who was born 
 April 26, 1828, at the old homestead of her parents 
 on Grassy creek in Pike county, Missouri, and she died 
 January 21, 1905 at the* old homestead in Missouri. 
 Her parents were William and Eliza A. (Yater) Bryson, 
 who were pioneers in that section of Missouri. William 
 Bryson was born December 13, 1801, on Allisons creek, 
 York District, South Carolina. His father, John Bry- 
 son, was a wagonmaker and wheelwright by trade^ and 
 before the invention of the cotton gin this business 
 was one of importance. The father of John Bryson 
 was of Scotch-Irish descent, and came from the north 
 of Ireland about 1725 or 1730, settling in Pennsylvania 
 from where his descendants have scattered over a 
 number of states. He subsequently settled in the Caro- 
 linas, where his son John was born March 15, I 777 > 
 and about 1800 he married Miss Elizabeth Craig, who 
 went with him to Pike county, Missouri, in 1816, set- 
 tling on a tract of land, where now stands the city of 
 Louisiana. After a couple of years he located on what 
 was known as the old homestead farm on Grassy creek, 
 where he died September 3, 1821. His son William 
 was but a boy in his ’teens, when his parents migrated 
 to Missouri, and where he was one of the real pioneers. 
 In 1817 he cultivated for his father a field of corn 
 through which now runs Georgia street in Louisiana, 
 Missouri. He married Miss Eliza A. Yater, and reared 
 a family of children, among whom was the daughter 
 Martha Walker, who married Thomas M. Carroll, 
 becoming the mother of the following children; John 
 Moore, born February 12, 1846, died January 23, 1892; 
 Orlena Lucretia, born November 15, 1847, and died 
 January 4, 1848; Helen Margaret, born March 30, 
 1849, married Gen. P. R. Dolman and is mentioned 
 later; Homer Bryson, born May 16, 1851, resided in 
 New York for many years, connected with the Ameri- 
 can Horse Exchange, and died April 16, 1908, in New 
 York; William Craig, born January 8, 1854, is -men- 
 tioned later; and Joseph Thomas, born September 18, 
 1858. Concerning those of this family who have lived 
 in Montana, Helen Margaret became, December 3, 1873, 
 the wife of Gen. P. R. Dolman, who was commander 
 of the Montana department of the Grand Army of the 
 Republic at the time of her death, on March 27, 1895. 
 She vras a noule Christian woman and left a deep 
 impress upon tue social and religious activities of 
 Montana. From an appreciative article appearing in 
 a local newspaper at the time of her death are taken 
 the following statements : .“The death of Mrs. Dolman 
 deprives Butte of one of the best women the city has 
 ever known. She was charitable to a fault, but her 
 modesty prevented her from heralding to the public 
 the many good deeds she performed in the^vay of re- 
 lieving distress. After the explosion (in the Butte 
 mines) she became a self-appointed committee to min- 
 
 ister to the wants of the crippled and needy. She was 
 a Christian and loved her home, husband and children 
 as only a true woman can. Besides being a member of 
 the First Presbyterian church she belonged to the 
 Woman's Relief Corps and several literary clubs for 
 women.” Another article published at the time of Mrs. 
 Dolman’s death stated as follows : “All the virtues of 
 
 Christianity and humanity were combined in Mrs. Dol- 
 man’s noble character, and her death has aroused the 
 most widespread expressions of regret and sympathy 
 from all classes, from the governor of the state down 
 to the lowly sufferers of poverty and misery who have 
 been assisted times without number by her unosten- 
 tatious charity and who will greatly miss her kind 
 and helping hand. Airs. Dolman’s life was largely 
 devoted to the assistance of unfortunate humanity. 
 She was the founder of the Silent Charity movement 
 in Butte and her charity was always regular, con- 
 sistent and judicious.” 
 
 (VI) William Craig Carroll, the subject proper of 
 this sketch, was born on the fine old family home- 
 stead on the Frankford road, near Louisiana, the county 
 seat of Pike county, Alissouri, the date of his birth being 
 January 8, 1854. He is the owner of this homestead 
 at the present time, it being considered one of the most 
 beautiful places in northeastern Missouri, commanding, 
 as it does, a fine view of the Mississippi river for many 
 miles, besides having a wealth of fine old forest trees, 
 maple, hickory, oak and wild cherry, which stand in 
 evidence of his father's deep appreciation of the beauties 
 of nature. One hundred and ten acres of this beautiful 
 estate are given over to such timber, which is becoming 
 both rare and valuable. It is needless to say that it 
 is a source of great pride and satisfaction to Mr. Car- 
 roll to retain this ancestral homestead as his own, and 
 his frequent visits there not only bring back the scenes 
 of his boyhood, but reminds him of the satisfaction it 
 would be to his honorable father to know that the 
 farm remains in the family. 
 
 William Craig Carroll secured his early education in 
 the common schools of his native county and supple- 
 mented this by higher academic study in Westminster 
 College, at Fulton, Alissouri, in the meantime receiving 
 the wholesome discipline of the homestead farm on 
 ■which he was reared to maturity. In 1874, at the age 
 of twenty years. Air. Carroll went to Texas, and in the 
 spring of 1878, he made his way to Carson City, Nevada, 
 from which place he continued his journey by stage 
 to Bodie, Alono county, California. At that time the 
 latter place was a typical mining camp in the Sierra 
 Nevada mountains, with the mines producin.g in large 
 volume and, with much attendant activity. There, for 
 two and one-half years. Air. Carroll was manager for 
 the feed stables, corrals and wood lands of the firm 
 of Boone & Wrights, in which connection he often 
 cared for more than four hundred freight teams in a 
 single night. 
 
 Fie recalls in connection with the pioneer affairs of 
 that section that barley was sold for as high a price 
 as eight and one-half cents a pound ; hay at fifty-five 
 dollars a ton ; and wood at twenty-two dollars a cord. 
 In the spring of 1881 Air. Carroll set out from Bodie, 
 with freight teams for Montana. He crossed the Mono 
 desert by way of the old overland immigrant trail, and 
 at that time much of the route was literally covered 
 with the bones of oxen and other cattle that had died en 
 route in the earlier days of migration across the plains 
 to California. The conditions attending his journey 
 were virtually the same as the earlier period, save the 
 menace from Indians was not so great. He passed a 
 portion of the month of July, 1881, at the new mining 
 camp on Wood river, Idaho, and in passing around the 
 great lava beds on his way to Butte, Alontana, his outfit 
 was one of the few whose horses were not run off by the 
 marauding Indians. On the 12th of August, 1881. he 
 arrived in Butte and the next day he put his teams into 
 
1144 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 service, hauling scrap iron for “Billy” Hall, of the 
 Alice mill and mine, to the foundry operated by the 
 late Andrew J. Davis. Mr. Carroll continued to utilize 
 his outfit in general teaming work until the autumn 
 of 1882, when he sold his horses and equipment to the 
 Cooper Brothers of Great Falls. He has since con- 
 tinued to maintain his home in Butte and through well 
 directed enterprise has become one of the representative 
 business men of that city. He has been actively asso- 
 ciated with his brother, Joseph T., in the upbuilding of 
 the large and important business enterprise controlled 
 by the J. T. Carroll Lumber Company, of which he is 
 manager and of which his brother is president. The 
 business of this company is one of the largest in the 
 Northwest, and in addition to a large retail and whole- 
 sale lumber business, it includes builders’ supplies, 
 wagons and vehicles of all kinds, agricultural imple- 
 ments, farm machinery and complete farm equipment. 
 Fair and honorable dealing and progressive methods 
 have given to the company a reputation for commercial 
 integrity that is not surpassed by that of any business 
 house in the state. William Craig Carroll has stood 
 as an exponent of the most loyal and progressive citi- 
 zenship, and has given his support to measures and 
 enterprises tending to advance the civic and material 
 welfare of his home city. He has been an active and 
 influential factor in political affairs as a staunch advo- 
 cate of the principles and policies of the Repuldican 
 party, yet has shown no special predilection for official 
 preferment in a personal way. Fie is a valued member 
 of the Butte Business Men's Association, and the Butte 
 Merchants’ Association, is affiliated with the Knights 
 of Pythias. Both he and his wife hold membership in 
 the First Presbyterian church. Mr. Carroll is a member 
 of the Society of tlie Sons of the American Revolution 
 and Mrs. Carroll is a member of the Daughters of the 
 American Revolution. 
 
 In the city of Butte, on March 20, 1906, was solemn- 
 ized the marriage of Mr. Carroll to Miss Harriet Lane 
 McKay, who had previously been for a number of years 
 a successful and popular teacher in the public schools 
 of this city and a native of Saginaw, Michigan. She is 
 a daughter of John Graham and Mary Jane (Ludlum) 
 McKay, the former a native of Scotland, born at Tain, 
 and the latter native of Craigsville, Orange county. 
 New York, a daughter of Albert and Elizabeth 
 (Tooker) Ludlum. Elizabeth Tooker was a daughter 
 of Nathan, who was a son of Sclah, who was a son of 
 Reuben Tooker, who served in the First Regiment of 
 the Orange county. New York, militia in the Revo- 
 lutionary war. Mrs. Carroll is a lady of gracious per- 
 sonality and is a popular factor in the best social activi- 
 ties of her home city. Mr. and Mrs. Carroll have two 
 sons: William Craig, Jr., born August 29, 1907, and 
 John Moore, born October 27, 1911. 
 
 Charles M. Johnson is a prominent merchant, 
 banker and land owner of Whitehall, Montana. He 
 was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, on the thirteenth of 
 February, 186.3. Here, on the same piece of land, his 
 father, William M. Johnson, first saw the light and iiere 
 he has spent the seventy-nine years of his life in an 
 endeavor to coax from the soil a living for himself and 
 family. The life of a Nova Scotia farmer did not ap- 
 peal to the son Charles, who was anxious to push ahead 
 more rapidly. In 1881, being then eighteen years of 
 age. he started out all alone for America, his destina- 
 tion being Butte, Montana, where some acquaintances 
 had preceded him. 
 
 Leaving his northern home for a strange land meant 
 the breaking of most of the ties of a life time. He did 
 not then realize that it meant a final leave taking of 
 Ids mother, who passed away at her home in Truro on 
 the tenth day of January, 1904, at the age of sixty-five. 
 She was Amelia Wilson Johnson, the daughter of Mr. 
 and Mrs. Joseph Wilson, of Londonbury, Nova Scotia. 
 
 Four years after her death the husband and father 
 visited their son in his new Montana home. Although 
 pleased with his promise of prosperity and impressed 
 \vith the richness of the land, his heart remained in 
 his own country and there he returned after a visit of 
 some three months’ duration. 
 
 Charles M. Johnson had reached Montana after a 
 hard journey, his only capital being his courage and 
 ambition. At that time no railroad ran into Butte, so 
 the last of the journey was made by stage. A washout 
 at Ogden, Utah, held him there for more than a week, 
 so that by the time he came to his journey’s end he had 
 not a dollar with which to buy him a meal. Work was 
 plentiful, however, and appetite lends it a zest. The 
 very day of his arrival found Mr. Johnson cutting wood 
 on the range above Columbia Gardens, not far distant 
 from Butte. This occupation kept him from being 
 hungry until he could look about him and find employ- 
 ment in one of the mines. Diligent and observing, he 
 quickly grasped the important features of the work. 
 In a surprisingly short space of time he was leasing 
 mining property and operating it for himself. Reverses 
 there were, and some disastrous ones, but he never 
 permitted these to spell failure. 
 
 In sixteen years he had accumulated enough to buy 
 for himself a good ranch in Madison county, about 
 three miles from Whitehall. The next seven years he 
 devoted to cattle raising. At the end of this time he 
 sold his ranch and moved into Whitehall that his 
 children might have better school advantages. In 
 Whitehall he entered the lumber and hardware business 
 and is still interested in these lines. 
 
 While yet a mine operator in Butte he had been 
 united in marriage to Miss Eliza Ka Del, the union 
 having taken place on the third of December, 1887. 
 Mrs. Johnson is the daughter of Charles and Caroline 
 (Brower) Ka Del, of Belle Plain, Iowa. Mr. Ka Del 
 was a prominent farmer of his region who lived upon 
 his horne place, the farm where his daughter was born, 
 until his eighty-ninth year. Flis wife passed away and 
 was laid to rest in Belle Plain some twenty years 
 earlier. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are members of no religious 
 denomination but are frequent attendants of the Chris- 
 tian church. Three children, two girls and one boy, 
 have been born to them. Orpha, the older daughter, 
 is now Mrs. Reed H. Brackney, of Three Forks. Her 
 husband is the superintendent of the Madison River 
 Power Company of that city. Her younger sister, 
 Mabel, aged eighteen, is her father’s secretary, while 
 the boy, Charles M. Johnston, junior, is but three years 
 of age. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is actively interested in Republican pol- 
 itics. and has been the president of the Whitehall State 
 Bank since the second year of its organization, and the 
 active manager of his own land interests. Flis leisure 
 is spent in the home to which he is more than usually 
 devoted. 
 
 Charles M. Johnson, although an indefatigable 
 worker always and now a power in the financial world 
 of his community, is a man of few words, believing that 
 one should permit his works to speak for him. 
 
 Henry Dion. One of the representative and pro- 
 gressive citizens of Glendive, who, occupying positions 
 of public trust and responsibility, holds prestige as a re- 
 sult of his ability and unswerving integrity of character, 
 is Henry Dion, president of the Exchange State Bank. 
 Ever since 1882, when he was appointed the first sheriff 
 of Dawson county, Mr. Dion has been identified with 
 the public welfare of his community, and the vast trans- 
 actions with which he has been connected have made 
 his name known and respected in all lines of commercial 
 and financial activity. Mr. Dion comes from a country 
 that has given Montana many of its best citizens, having 
 been born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, Septem- 
 

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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1145 
 
 I)er 7, 1846, a son of G. B. and Rosalie (Mulneer) Dion, 
 who were both natives of the same province, of French 
 parentage. Mr. Dion’s parents, farming people, spent 
 their entire lives on the old homestead in Canada. Of 
 their eleven children, two daughters and seven sons are 
 still living, Henry being the sixth in order of birth. 
 
 Like other farmer’s sons of his day and locality, 
 Henry Dion spent his youth in working on the home 
 farm during the summer months, while his winters were 
 passed m attendance at the district schools. In April, 
 1866, he went to Massachusetts, and during the fall 
 of 1867 went west as far as Omaha, Nebraska, in 
 which city he arrived November 27. In the following 
 spring he engaged in working on the line of the Union 
 Pacific Railroad, building water tanks as far as Chey- 
 enne, Wyoming, and continuing in the employ of the 
 railroad until the spring of 1870, at which time he went 
 to Dodge county, Nebraska, to visit his brother, Jerry. 
 When the full extent of the great Chicago fire was 
 learned men were enlisted from every state in the 
 Union to help rebuild the destroyed industries of the 
 stricken city, and Mr. Dion was one of the first to go 
 to the aid of the city on the lake, where he was first 
 employed in car building with the Chicago, Rock Is- 
 land & Pacific Railroad, and later in doing various 
 kinds of carpenter work. In July, 1872, he went to 
 Fort Lincoln, North Dakota, where he was employed 
 in the construction of the fort, but in April, 1873, 
 moved on to Bismarck. During the fall of 1875 he 
 left the latter city with the first wagon train that made 
 the trip overland into the Black Hills, where he ar- 
 rived on Christmas day, December 25, 1875, and from 
 that time until August, 1876, was engaged in prospect- 
 ing and working a claim. He then returned overland 
 to Bismarck, and in the fall of 1877 went back to his 
 old home to visit his parents. After spending some four 
 or five months on the homestead, in February, 1878, he 
 returned to Bismarck, and during the next month ar- 
 rived in the old town of Miles City, Montana. Here 
 he remained only until the spring of 1879, however, 
 when he again went back to Bismarck and engaged in 
 the merchandise business along the line of the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad, following the line from point to point 
 as construction of the road was completed. In 1880 
 he settled in Cedar Creek, and the year 1881 saw his 
 advent in the little town of Glendive, where he estab- 
 lished himself in a general merchandise business and 
 also embarked in the cattle and horse business. Mr. 
 Dion disposed of his mercantile interests in 1908, but 
 has continued to raise stock to the present time, and 
 has built up a substantial reputation for integrity and 
 fair dealing, as well as for business tact and good judg- 
 ment. In 1901 he became identified with the banking 
 interests of Dawson county, when he was made presi- 
 dent of the Exchange Bank, a position which he held 
 until July, 1911, at which time, with others, he estab- 
 lished the Exchange State Bank, a safe, solid and con- 
 servative financial institution of which he has since 
 been president. 
 
 In his political proclivities Mr. Dion has ever been 
 a stanch supporter of the Republican party in his prin- 
 ciple's. He was appointed the first sheriff of Dawson 
 county in 1882 by Governor Potts; was elected county 
 treasurer in 1895, and served one term ; has been county 
 commissioner of Dawson county and chairman of the 
 board since 1906; and for the past fifteen years has 
 acted in the capacity of school director. The true 
 western spirit of progress and enterprise has ever been 
 exemplified in Mr. Dion’s life, and the service that 
 he has rendered to his county and state, both as one 
 of its most conscientious officials, and as a promoter 
 of its commercial and financial interests, has given him 
 a place among the most representative men of his sec- 
 tion. 
 
 On September 7, 1882. Mr. Dion was married to Mrs. 
 iMargaret (O’Connor) Elliott, a native of Virginia, and 
 
 four children have been born to them, namely; Henry 
 N., Frederick E., William F. and Marie. 
 
 Charles Jacob Pruett was born in Colchester, Illi- 
 nois, on April 13, 1861. The year following his birth, 
 however, his parents moved from Colchester to Schuy- 
 ler county, near Birmingham of the same state. No 
 sooner was the family well settled here than his father, 
 Nicholas Pruett, who was a native of Tennessee, took 
 the ox team from the furrows and hitching them to a 
 prairie schooner started his long journey across the 
 plains. In the spring of 1863 he reached Alder Gulch. 
 For eighteen months he tried his hand at stock ranch- 
 ing, but at the end of that time he was obliged to re- 
 turn to his Schuyler county home, disappointed and 
 discouraged but yet certain of the future of Montana 
 and the northwest. On a second trip to the same dis- 
 trict, some years later, he made a few investments that 
 proved satisfying. For ten years he chafed under his 
 work as farmer in Schuyler county and then, hoping 
 to better the conditions, he moved to Charleston, Iowa. 
 This country pleased him little or no better, so after 
 the third season he once more moved westward, set- 
 tling in Lynn county, Kansas, where he purchased a 
 farm. During the three years lie farmed in Kansas his 
 fever for the far west grew upon him until in 1881 he 
 made his third and last trip to Montana, this time ac- 
 companied by his young son, Charles Jacob, and his 
 son-in-law, Elias S. Tincher, the husband of his young- 
 est daughter. At last the efforts of the three men were 
 well rewarded. Mr. Pruett’s wife and family joined 
 him six years later in 1887. During the remaining seven 
 years of his life he was successful in accumulating a 
 large and well stocked ranch in the north part of Mad- 
 ison county. Here he passed away in 1888, on the 
 eighteenth day of February, having reached the age of 
 sixty-four years. He is buried in the Fish Creek 
 cemetery. Mrs. Nicholas Pruett was Ingaber Smith. 
 She was born in what is now West Virginia, in 1827, 
 her parents being Mr. and Mrs. David Smith, them- 
 selves natives of Virginia. While she was yet but a 
 child her parents brought her overland from Virginia 
 to Schuyler county, Illinois, and later, in 1887, came to 
 Madison county, Montana, where she lived to the ripe 
 age of seventy-four, dying in April, 1902, and was laid 
 to rest by the side of her husband in the cemetery at 
 Fish Creek. 
 
 Even during his boyhood Charles Jacob Pruett was 
 ambitious to become a wage earner. With his father’s 
 permission he had often assisted the neighboring farm- 
 ers in Iowa with a day’s work, laboring from sunup 
 until sundown for the munificent wage of one dollar 
 and twenty-five cents a day, which were high wages 
 at that time. On accompanying his father to Montana 
 in i88r they settled first at Sheridan, the largest town 
 in Madison county at that time. Shortly afterward they 
 purchased the ranch on the northern border of the 
 county where his father spent his remaining years. It 
 was here and on the ranches nearby that the young 
 man found his first regular employment as a laborer in 
 the harvest fields, and it Ijps been remarked that a har- 
 vest field is more picturesque in the moonlight than in 
 the middle of a July day. While living on the Madison 
 county farm Mr. Pruett met Mr. E. M. Clarke, who 
 brought about the crisis in his life. 
 
 Mr. Clarke was a mining assayer of no mean ability, 
 and as the friendship developed it was decided that he. 
 Air. Pruett and Mr. S. R. Fair, a third friend, should 
 establish a partnership. Together they located the May 
 Flower mine. The business association continued until 
 1896, when they sold the mine to Air. W. A. Clark. 
 Air. Pruett, through his own efforts and the assistance 
 lent him by his partner, Air. Clarke, had so well mas- 
 tered the work of the assayer that he moved to White- 
 hall and opened an office and laboratory. 
 
 The following year he was married, in Butte, Alon- 
 
1146 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 tana, to Miss Annie E. Bray, of Silver Star, Madison 
 county. Mrs. Annie E. Pruett was born near St. 
 Joseph, Missouri, on November i, 1878, a daughter of 
 John and Mary Frances OlcGann) Kidd. Her father 
 was killed in a lead mine in Missouri, when Mrs. 
 B. Pruett was quite young and her mother survived him 
 but a few months. Soon after the death of her mother 
 she was brought to Montana and adopted by Mr. and 
 Mrs. William M. Bray, Mrs. Bray being a sister of 
 Mrs. Kidd. Mr. William M. Bray, the father of Mrs. 
 Pruett, came from Missouri to Silver Star district in 
 sixty-two. He had in his early days tried his luck at 
 mining but later became a very well to do ranchman. 
 Pie died at his ranch home, “Lake View,” in 1905, and 
 was laid to rest in Beaverhead county. Mrs. Bray con- 
 tinues living at “Lake View,” Centennial Valley, 
 Beaverhead county, and is still active in the manage- 
 ment of her stock and cattle interests on the ranch. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Pruett became the parents of 
 six children, but the first, William Edwin, died in in- 
 fancy. The next son, aged eleven, is named Ira Ed- 
 ward. Next in years comes Dorothy Ingaber, so called 
 for her paternal grandmother. Ellen Frances is four 
 years of age, while the youngest son, Marcus William, 
 is little more than two. Isabel May, the pet of the en- 
 tire household, is still in her infancy. 
 
 Mrs. Pruett is a member of the Christian church, 
 being, when her family cares permit, an active worker 
 in the Ladies’ Aid Society. Her husband does not be- 
 long to any church organization, although he expresses 
 a strong sympathy with the Seventh Day Adventists. 
 
 Mr. Pruett’s early education was obtained before he 
 was thirteen years of age, while his family resided in 
 or near Birmingham, Illinois. His only other schooling 
 was procured during the three years that his parents 
 lived in Charleston, Iowa. He started his life work 
 alone, without advantages and unaided by any external 
 means. He is now the owner of valuable ranches in 
 both Madison and Jefferson counties, not to mention 
 the property that he has accumulated in Whitehall. It 
 was through his efforts that the Whitehall State Bank 
 was founded. This was the initial banking establish- 
 ment of the city and Mr. Pruett was chosen as its first 
 president. 
 
 He has never felt that he had the leisure to devote 
 to political affairs aside from voting the Republican 
 ticket. He did realize, however, that the quality of the 
 schools in a city depends upon the material that makes 
 up its board of education, and as the education of his 
 little family was at stake he finally consented to become 
 a member of the Whitehall school board. To this he 
 gives of his best energy and ability. 
 
 Although interested in banking and other sedentary 
 occupations, Mr. Pruett has never lost his love for 
 out-door life and spends his hard-won vacations in 
 hunting and fishing in the nearest mountains. Neither 
 has he given up, entirely, the work of his first choice — 
 assaying and prospecting, at both of which he has be- 
 come an expert. Now a man of fortune, he looks back 
 with pleasure and thanksgiving on the days when his 
 boyhood friend, Mr. E. M. Clarke, first taught him 
 the secrets of the earth and how to make them his 
 own. The only secret organization to which Mr. 
 Pruett has ever belonged is the Order of Maccabees. 
 
 Goodwin T. Paul. No record of the representative 
 men of the Beaverhead valley would be complete with- 
 out appropriate mention of the well-known gentleman 
 whose name stands at the head of this sketch and who 
 for thirty years and more has played a prominent part 
 in_ business and public life in this locality. As pro- 
 prietor of The Dillon Furniture Company, the largest 
 furniture concern in the county, he has contributed to 
 the bone and sinew of commercial strength. He is a 
 man endowed with fine eloquence and logic, and is 
 much sought to convey at public meetings the wishes 
 
 of the people of the vicinity in matters of general in- 
 terest. It has been said of him : “His ease and readi- 
 ness of speech make him eminently fitted for this work 
 and it is a foregone conclusion that when Mr. Paul is 
 called upon to express a sentiment it will be expressed 
 with accuracy and eloquence.” He has had most valu- 
 able influence in local educational matters, his ideas 
 in this field being enlightened and advanced. He is 
 president of the Beaverhead county high school board 
 and is a member of the state board of education. For 
 many years he has been active in state and local pol- 
 itics and was sent by the Democrats to represent the 
 interests of the county at the Sixth session of the Mon- 
 tana legislature, his services at that time being a matter 
 for congratulation to all concerned. 
 
 ^ Mr. Paul is one of the good citizens whom Iowa has 
 given to the state, his birth having occurred in Marion, 
 November 9, 1856. He resided amid the scenes of his 
 birth until about twenty-five years of age and then, 
 convinced of the superior advantages of the great, de- 
 veloping west, he came direct to Montana and located 
 at Dillon, arriving here in August, 1881. He entered 
 the employ of the Eliel Brothers, serving them in a 
 general capacity for some three years. Severing his 
 connection with that firm, he undertook the organiza- 
 tion of the Dillon Furniture Company, which was es- 
 tablished with the following officers : Robert T. Wing, 
 president; G. T. Paul, secretary and manager. In 1892 
 Mr. Paul bought the entire interests of the company and 
 has continued as sole proprietor ever since that time. 
 The enterprise began on a modest scale, but increased 
 rapidly to the proportions which it bears at present. 
 This large cash and credit establishment is situated on 
 Montana street and an extensive warehouse is main- 
 tained in connection with it. An elaborate stock of 
 furniture is always on hand and Mr. Paul als.o has in 
 connection departments for artistic picture-framing and 
 upholstering. The stock is constantly being replenished 
 and extended by car-lots to meet the ever increasing 
 demand of satisfied customers. This large and modern 
 establishment is preeminent in its line in the Beaver- 
 head valley. 
 
 Mr. Paul received his early education in the Iowa 
 public schools and then took a course at Cornell Col- 
 lege at Mount Vernon, Iowa. His record as a money- 
 maker is almost record breaking, for he first felt the 
 peculiar joys of a self-made capitalist at the age of eight 
 years ; the momentary remuneration he received was in 
 return for dropping corn behind a one-horse shovel 
 plow, such being the tedious method of planting corn 
 at that time. This is worthy of mention for more rea- 
 sons than one, since it takes an expert to place the 
 grains. His wages were fifty cents a day and he made 
 two dollars on the job. Nothing could be a more 
 eloquent comment on his character than the fact that 
 he gave the entire sum to his mother. 
 
 Mr. Paul laid the foundation of a happy life com- 
 panionship by his marriage in Dillon, on December i, 
 1889, to Mary Bourret, daughter of Joseph and Ma- 
 thilda Bourret, of Dillon. Their three children are as 
 follows ; Hortense, a native of Dillon, as are the other 
 children, is a graduate of the county high school 'and 
 the State Normal College and is now teaching school 
 in Helena. Lucile is a student in the Dillon high school 
 and Frank Goodwin is enrolled in the public school. 
 
 Mr. Paul is a prominent Mason, standing high in 
 that great fraternity. He is connected with the Shrine, 
 with its social proclivities, and he has filled the various 
 chairs in all the bodies. He is an advocate of athletics 
 and is himself extreniely fond of baseball, being an 
 efficient fan, and he has done 'inuch toward bringing 
 good players to Dillon and keeping the sport upon a 
 high plane. He believes that whatever is worth doing 
 at all — baseball not excluded — is worth doing well. He 
 finds one of his chief pleasures in the art of the “Divine 
 Cecilia,” enjoying vocal and Instrumental music equally. 
 
■v.. 
 
 ' ^ ■ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1147 
 
 The father of this loyal citizen of Montana was 
 Alexander Paul, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1823 
 and came to Iowa in 1845. He engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits throughout the course of his long life and died 
 in Iowa in March, 1906, his years numbering eighty- 
 three at the time of his demise. The mother (maiden 
 name Justan Taylor) was born in Virginia, but met 
 her husband in Iowa and there became his wife. She 
 preceded him to the other world by many years, dying 
 in 1876, at the age of forty-four. There were eight 
 children in the family of these good people, seven be- 
 ing sons and one daughter, and Mr. Paul is the eldest 
 of the number. Another brother has chosen Montana 
 for his home, this being Bert H., who is married and 
 resides in Monida, where he is engaged in the mer- 
 cantile and stock-raising business. These brothers are 
 associated in the latter industry, and possess extensive 
 ranching interests in the Centennial valley, near Monida. 
 
 Mr. "Paul is an indisputably good citizen. He is lib- 
 eral in his views, temperate in his habits, upright and 
 honorable in his relations in business, municipal and 
 social life. He is conservative in his business deal- 
 ings and possesses a well-poised intellect which quali- 
 fies him as one of sound judgment, and he has ever 
 been able to hold positions of responsibility and trust 
 in a manner to merit the confidence of the public. 
 
 Hon, Joseph B. Poindexter, judge of the fifth judi- 
 cial district, was born in Canyon City, Oregon, April 
 14, 1869. He lived in that city until he was about 
 twelve years of age and then removed with his parents 
 to Montana, settling in Dillon, which has been his home 
 ever since. His early education was received in the 
 public schools of Canyon City and then in the public 
 schools of Dillon. He then went to Ohio Wesleyan 
 University at Delaware, Ohio, where he took a scien- 
 tific course. He passed from that institution to Wash- 
 ington University, St. Louis, Missouri, where he was 
 graduated and received his degree in 1892. After 
 his graduation he returned to Dillon and began the 
 practice of the law, which he has always continued 
 alone. 
 
 In 1895 hs was elected city attorney, but in 1896, 
 before his term expired, he was elected county attor- 
 ney, which office he held for three terms, six years. 
 Since then he has several times filled the office of city 
 attorney, has also served on the school board, has been 
 alderman, and at one time was president of the execu- 
 tive board of the Dillon, Montana, State Normal 
 College, for four years. The Eleventh State Legisla- 
 tive Assembly provided for one additional judge in 
 the fifth judicial district, and he was appointed to fill 
 this position. He assumed these duties April i, 1909, 
 and has continued in this position since that time. 
 
 Judge Poindexter is a Democrat and prior to his 
 appointment as judge took an active part in politics. 
 He is a member of the Episcopal church, belongs to 
 the order of Elks, and is a member of the Beaver- 
 head Club and was at one time its president. He is 
 very fond of hunting and fishing and of good reading. 
 Judge Poindexter owes his advancement to his own 
 industry and talents. 
 
 He was married in Dillon, Montana, on April 22, 
 1897, to Miss Margaret Conger, daughter of Judge E. 
 J. and Emma Conger, of Dillon. There are two chil- 
 dren in the household, a boy and a girl. Everton G. 
 was born September 3, 1899, and is now attending 
 school. Helen was born February 27, 1902, and is also 
 in school. 
 
 The father of Judge Poindexter was Thomas W. 
 Poindexter, who was born in Virginia in March, 1829. 
 He came west in the early ’fifties and first settled in 
 California, where he followed mining and ranching. 
 After removing to Montana he followed the mercan- 
 tile business. He died in Dillon in April, 1905, at the 
 age of seventy-six. The mother was Margaret Pipkin 
 
 Poindexter who was born in St. Louis county, Mis- 
 souri. She was married to Mr. Poindexter in 1861 and 
 they immediately started for California, by way of 
 Panama. She now resides in Dillon. In the elder 
 Poindexter family there were five children, all sons. 
 The subject of this sketch was the third child. One 
 of the brothers, Thomas W., Jr., died in May, 1907. 
 He was the state auditor from 1897 to 1901. Phillip 
 E. Poindexter, Dr. F. M. Poindexter, Eugene Poin- 
 de.xter and the subject of this sketch all reside in Dil- 
 lon. 
 
 Jasper B. Seely is supervisor of the national forests 
 of Montana; an interesting occupation to which he 
 brings a real enthusiasm and a fund of technical 
 knowledge. He was born in Niles, Michigan, on 
 the twelfth day of October, 1857. After com- 
 pleting his high school course at the age of seventeen 
 he at once began teaching in the schools of Osceola 
 county, that state. When he had reached his majority 
 he joined his father in the lumber and milling business 
 in Osceola county, his life work from the beginning be- 
 ing more or less connected with the question of the na- 
 tional timber supply. Two years later he left his father’s 
 business to make a start for himself. After a year’s at- 
 tempt in Washington, which proved that he could succeed 
 alone, he moved to Missoula county, Montana, where he 
 was employed by the Hammond Lumber Company in 
 locating timber and lumbering in the Big Black Foot 
 river country. This expedition was under the super- 
 vision of Mr. G. L. Hammond, who kept his men busily 
 at work from 1885 until 1889, when Mr. Seely left 
 the Hammond Lumber Company. In the autumn of 
 that same year he made arrangements to operate a stage 
 line from Orando to Drummond in connection with a 
 general mercantile business at Orando, at the same time 
 devoting all of his leisure to stock-raising on a ranch in 
 Missoula county. Until 1898 he continued these varied 
 occupations, selling out that he’ might enter the United 
 States forestry service. In 1902 he was appointed super- 
 visor of the national forests, tendered him by the in- 
 terior department of the United States. He is the 
 oldest in service of the supervisors in the northwest. 
 He still owns, however, a farm in Madison county, and 
 valuable real estate in both Helena and Great Falls. 
 After accepting the position under the government 
 which he now holds it became desirable for him to 
 make his future home in Helena. Here, in 1893, he was 
 united in marriage to Miss Leonora Turrell, herself of 
 Helena. Six children brighten the home, all but the 
 youngest of whom are daughters. Mary is a graduate 
 of the Helena high school, while the younger sisters, 
 Ruth graduates from the high school in 1913 and Doris 
 and Joyce are still attending the grades. Francis and 
 the baby of the house, Jasper B., Jr., are not yet of 
 school age. The Seely family are members of the 
 Congregational church, in support of which they are 
 are most generous. 
 
 Mr. Seely is, as seems most natural in his position, 
 greatly interested in the political condition of the coun- 
 try, his sympathies being with the progressive Republi- 
 cans. He belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order 
 of Elks, Oro-Y-Plata Lodge, No. 390, and to the Odd 
 Fellows, Samaritan Lodge No. 10, of Sheridan, Mon- 
 tana, of which he is past grand. His father, Nathaniel 
 R. Seely, went from Pennsylvania to Michigan at the 
 age of twenty-two, where he settled on a farm near 
 Niles. Here he became interested in the lumber busi- 
 ness and in 1876 moved to Osceola county of the same 
 state, where he purchased a sawmill and took his son 
 Jasper into partnership with him. The remainder of his 
 life, which ended in 1907, was spent in this county 
 where the proceeds from his mill and lumber yard per- 
 mitted him and his family to live in the greatest of 
 plenty. His wife, Annie Hagerty Seely, lived only one 
 year after her husband’s death, passing away at the age 
 
1J48 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 of sixty-seven years. They were the parents of nine 
 children, all but three of whom departed this life in 
 advance of their parents. The daughters now living 
 are Adelia, the wife of Mr. Charles W. Johnson of Mil- 
 liards, Michigan, and Edna A. who is Mrs. Van Avery 
 of Cadillac, same state. 
 
 Mr. Seely left his young family to the care of his 
 competent wife to go to the rescue of his country in 
 1863. He enlisted in Company C of the Twelfth regi- 
 ment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry; was wounded in a 
 struggle at the battle of Shiloh and sent home on fur- 
 lough. He was, during his entire life, a man of strong 
 faith and much Christian fortitude, preserving to the 
 end his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. 
 Always he was ready at the call of his country, state or 
 county. A Republican in political views, he served as 
 justice of the peace in Osceola county for many years. 
 He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. 
 
 j 
 
 Dr. Frederick M. Poindexter, who is one of the 
 leading physicians of Dillon, is a native of Canyon 
 City, Oregon, having been born there January 5, 1875. 
 Until he was about six years of age he continued to 
 live in Canyon City, and then he was brought by his 
 parents to Dillon, Montana. This family arrived here 
 in 1881, and this has been Dr. Poindexter’s home ever 
 since. 
 
 The early education of Dr. Poindexter was received 
 in the public schools of Dillon. He has the distinction 
 of having been the first graduate of the high school of 
 this town. Later he entered upon his studies in the 
 medical department of the Northwestern University, 
 Chicago, where he was graduated and received his de- 
 gree. After graduating from high school and before 
 entering college he was clerk in the office of the state 
 auditor at Helena. Upon graduation at the medical 
 school he served as a hospital interne, having ob- 
 tained the position by passing a competitive examina- 
 tion at St. Luke’s Hospital in Chicago. After this 
 experience he returned to Dillon and took up the ac- 
 tive practice of medicine here and has continued very 
 successfully in his professional work ever since. 
 
 One of the pleasantest incidents of Dr. Poindexter’s 
 professional career happened during his residence at 
 St. Luke’s Hospital. A gentleman, who was a stranger, 
 was waiting in the ante room in anticipation of an 
 operation. When Dr. Poindexter appeared this 
 stranger was recognized as Colonel Wilbur Sanders, 
 of Montana. During the conversation that followed 
 the colonel learned that Dr. Poindexter was also from 
 Montana, and this fact, as well as the pleasing person- 
 ality of the phvsician, made him feel that during his 
 ordeal he would be in the hands of a friend. Dr. 
 Poindexter himself administered the anaesthetic and 
 the colonel went through the operation safely. When 
 later he awakened, he expressed much satisfaction at 
 being with a friend at such a time. Such confidence on 
 the part of a man of the standing of Colonel Sanders 
 was naturally pleasant to the physician. 
 
 Dr. Poindexter has been a member of the state 
 hoard of examiners for a number of years. He be- 
 longs to the order of the Elks. He is an enthusiastic 
 lover of out-door amusements, and is a devotee of good 
 books. He belongs to the Democratic party, interested 
 as an individual only, and takes no active part in 
 politics. He has various other interests and follows 
 mining on the outside, more or less as a diversion. 
 Dr. Poindexter is a brother of Judge Poindexter. 
 
 John Barns Wilson. By the death of John Barns 
 Wilson, which occured at his home in Helena on 
 April 19, 1912, after a brief illness, there was removed 
 from life a man who was not only a pioneer of Mon- 
 tana, but one who by the force of his makeup and 
 character, as well as by his blameless life, attained a 
 
 high position in the esteem and regard of his fellow 
 men. 
 
 John Barns Wilson was of Scotch descent and was a 
 native of West Newton, Pennsylvania, the son of James 
 and Sarah (Barns) Wilson. John B. Wilson was born 
 on March 25, 1828, and received such educational ad- 
 vantages as were common to boys of that time and 
 place. He early learned the lesson of industry and 
 thrift and was wont to tell of his working as errand 
 boy for twenty-five cents a week, his wages being given 
 to his mother. He and his brother James were boy- 
 hood friends and companions of Andrew Carnegie, and 
 their friendship continued throughout the remainder 
 of the life of Mr. Wilson. 
 
 In 1852 Mr. Wilson crossed the plains by wagon, go- 
 ing to California. After six years spent in the gold 
 mines of that state he returned home by way of the 
 Isthmus of Panama. The passengers on the vessel 
 were mostly miners homeward bound, carrying their 
 money in belts worn beneath their clothing. En route 
 the ship was wrecked on the east coast of Central 
 America, but all the passengers were rescued and 
 landed at Havana, save the few who, maddened with 
 fear, leaped overboard and were dragged down by the 
 weight of their precious gold. Mr. Wilson was a poor 
 man when he left Pittsburgh. He returned with a sum 
 sufficient to engage in business for himself. He was 
 not long content with life and business in the east — 
 he longed for the west, with its dangers and diffi- 
 culties, its broader views of life and men, its lofty 
 mountains and wide plains. The discovery of gold 
 at Pikes Peak filled him with the enthusiasm that 
 only a miner can understand and in 1859 he again set 
 his face towards the setting sun, to become one of the 
 founders of this great western empire. From Colo- 
 rado he journeyed on to California, to Oregon, to Brit- 
 ish Columbia, at times a miner, a business man, at 
 other times owning a store, a livery stable or a hotel. 
 In 1865 Mr. Wilson and his brother, James Robb 
 Wilson, left The Dalles, Oregon, with a pack train of 
 mules, laden with goods suited to the needs of a pio- 
 neer community. They followed the famous old Mul- 
 lan road, which exacted from the traveler its full toll 
 in labor expended and packs lost. He became impressed 
 with the country in the vicinity of Blackfoot City, Deer 
 Lodge county, and decided to locate there, where he 
 Imilt and conducted the Carey House, the first hotel 
 in that part of the territory. The two brothers bought 
 a placer mine on Nevada Creek, Deer Lodge county, 
 which developed into a good paying proposition and 
 proved to be the foundation of their future prosperity. 
 The proceeds of this mine were invested in Pittsburgh 
 in iron and steel companies with Andrew Carnegie, 
 notably the Lucy Furnace, the Pittsburgh Car Works, 
 the Edgar Thompson Steel Works and the William 
 Walker Iron Mills. Mr. John B. Wilson sold his hold- 
 ings in these firms before their absorption by the United 
 States Steel Company. 
 
 In 1881 Mr. Wilson came with his family to Helena 
 and showed his faith in the future of the city by in- 
 vesting heavily in real estate in the business district. 
 His purchase of property on Main street for the sum 
 of $35,000 was the first large deal in real estate in the 
 city and this substantial evidence of his confidence did 
 much to encourage the progress of the city. Mr. Wil- 
 son continued to be actively interested in mines and 
 mining until death called him after he had reached the 
 advanced age of eightv-four years. 
 
 Before he went to California in 1852 Mr. Wilson mar- 
 ried Catherine Quin, a native of Londonderry. Ireland. 
 W^hen he finally located in Montana, Mrs. Wilson and 
 little daughter. Ida, started from Pennsylvania to join 
 him. Mrs. Wilson, accustomed to railroad trains and 
 short distances, began her long, difficult journey in Sep- 
 tember. The two traveled by train, by stage, by wagon 
 and by sleigh, for the journey extended through the au- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1149 
 
 tumn into winter, the crossing of the Platte river be- 
 ing made on the ice. At Omaha she vainly sought in- 
 formation concerning the route to be taken to Montana 
 and to Helena, necessitating a delay until she re- 
 ceived a letter from her husband. Even at Salt Lake 
 City she experienced difficulty in obtaining the informa- 
 tion necessary to enable her to proceed on her journey. 
 To a woman not a pioneer by instinct and unusually 
 timid, the journey was a trying one. Mr. Wilson met 
 his wife and daughter in Virginia City on Christmas 
 day and they proceeded to their home in Deer Lodge 
 county. Mrs. Wilson readily established herself in her 
 new environment and the influence of her fine char- 
 acter and splendid religious training soon manifested it- 
 self in the community. She was reared in the Pres- 
 byterian faith and her home was the scene of many 
 religious gatherings, regardless of creed. Physicians 
 were few in the pioneer days and Mrs. Wilson minis- 
 tered skillfully to many a sick man, woman and child. 
 She was one of the early members of the First Pres- 
 byterian church of Helena and continued in its service 
 until she was taken ill. She died in Helena, April 
 30, 1888, leaving four daughters, as follows : _ Ida, who 
 married Lucien I. Rosencrans, of Helena. Five daugh- 
 ters were born to them : Nora W., Edna M., Myra K., 
 Ida Elizabeth and Florence Lucia, the first three being 
 deceased. Katherine, the second daughter of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Wilson, is the wife of Daniel Perrin Mumbrue, 
 of Helena. Mary, the third daughter, married Thomas 
 M. Martin Swindleburst, of Livingston, at one time sec- 
 retary of state; Alberta, the youngest became the wife 
 of J. Bundy Johnston and died in Helena in 1898. In 
 1891 Mr. Wilson married Mary Eliza Kirk, a native of 
 Iowa, and one daughter, Helen, was born to them. 
 
 John B. Wilson was a Whig in his youth and trans- 
 ferred his allegiance to the Republican party when the 
 latter came into existence. He was never an office 
 seeker but his party nominated and elected him as a 
 representative from Lewis and Clark county to the 
 state legislature. He was a member of the Eighth 
 Legislative Assembly, the first legislature that convened 
 in the State Capitol building. He belonged to the So- 
 ciety of Montana Pioneers and took a great interest in 
 its affairs. He united with the Methodist church in 
 early youth and the cause of humanity ahyays found 
 him a warm supporter. He was liberal in his contribu- 
 tions regardless of creed, and was ever found ready to 
 support any movement tending to the advancement of 
 a worthy cause. Mr. Wilson never identified himself 
 with any secret organizations or clubs, but was a nian 
 exceedingly domestic in his inclinations, fond of his 
 home and family. Retiring in manner, yet he was a 
 man of strong force of character. Stern when he need 
 be, but beneath it all there beat a most kindly and 
 generous heart, at all times betraying a courtly and 
 honest gentleman. His mental faculties and_ vigor were 
 retained and his business activities continued until 
 his last illness, which was of short duration. He was 
 a man strong in his likes and dislikes, and when once 
 convinced he was right, he could not be moved from 
 his conviction although he was ever tolerant of the 
 opinions of others. He never shirked his full duty 
 toward his state and contributed his portion towards 
 its advancement. The passing of such a man must in- 
 evitably be regarded as a distinct loss. He was a self- 
 made man of the highest integrity, and his word was 
 as good as his bond, and neither were ever questioned. 
 He achieved much business success and left to his 
 family not only a goodly estate, but the priceless heri- 
 tage of an unsullied name. 
 
 Marshall E. Doe has been a resident of the state of 
 Montana for thirty years,, and is one of the most en- 
 thusiastic “boosters” of the Treasure state that might 
 be found in considerable search. He has been the pro- 
 
 prietor of a drug Inisiness in Philipsburg since 1885, 
 and has carried on a thriving and ever growing business 
 during the intervening years, reaching a place of much, 
 prominence among the representative business men of 
 the city and winning to himself the esteem and confi- 
 dence of his fellow townsmen the while. 
 
 Mr. Doe is a native of Canada, born April 25, 1858, 
 and when the family moved to Michigan, Marshall E. 
 Doe was about eight years of age. He remained with 
 them in the Michigan home until 1881, when he first 
 came to Montana. He settled in Butte City at first, 
 staging in from Dillon, as was the prevailing custom 
 in those early days, and in that city he remained for 
 perhaps three j’ears. For a time he was engaged in 
 mining, and for about a year and a half he ran a skating 
 rink in the old Amphitheatre. He sold out his interests 
 there and joined a surveying party going to Anaconda, 
 and after two years in the surveying work went to Cali- 
 fornia. He remained there for a year, after which he 
 returned to Montana and settled at Philipsburg in 
 1885. In that year he established the present drug 
 business which he is conducting, and since that time 
 has been continuously identified with the growth and 
 prosperity of Philipsburg, and has contributed his full 
 quota to its advancement in his capacity as a worthy 
 citizen and a modern and progressive business man. 
 
 Mr. Doe is a man of quiet tastes, although he is a 
 lover of baseball and enjoys out-door exercise perhaps 
 better than the average man. He is a member of the 
 Woodmen of the World, with regard to his fraternal 
 affiliations, and is a member of the Chamber of Com- 
 merce. He is a Democrat, but takes no active part in 
 the political upheavels that recurr at intervals, and has 
 no political ambitions. 
 
 Mr. Doe was married at Los Angeles, California, on 
 July 25, 1895, to Miss Jennie C. Crable, daughter of 
 Thomas and Elizabeth Crable, of that city. Four chil- 
 dren have been born to them, three sons and one 
 daughter. The eldest, Edwin, is deceased. Margaret, 
 Everett and Milton are all in school in Philipsburg. 
 The family are attendants of the Methodist Episcopal 
 church, although not members of it. Mrs. Doe is a mem- 
 ber of the Ladies Aid Society and is active in all its 
 good works. 
 
 George May. From early youth, the life of George 
 May, now one of the leading business men of Stevens- 
 ville, has been one of hard, industrious labor, and in the 
 rise of the poor apprentice to the wealthy financier and 
 merchant there may be found something of a nature 
 encouraging to the young men of to-day, illustrating as 
 it does that honesty, integrity and perseverance, if 
 coupled with ability properly directed, will eventually 
 bring success. Mr. May is a native of Clinton, Ontario, 
 Canada, and was born September 17, 1858, a son of Wil- 
 liam H. and Sarah Anna (Davis) May. William H. 
 May was born in the city of London, England, in 1832, 
 and as a young man came to America, settling in Clin- 
 ton, Ontario, where he spent the rest of his life in 
 agricultural pursuits, and where his death occurred in 
 1887. Mrs. May was a native of Worcestershire, Eng- 
 land, and when she died, in 1897, had been the mother 
 of eleven children, namely; W. H., of Stevensville ; 
 Charles, residing at San Dimas, California; George; 
 Lewis, a stockman and rancher of Ravalli county; 
 Allen, who is engaged in farming in Michigan; Frank 
 and John, both deceased; Lucy, who married William 
 Langslow, and resides in Duluth, Minnesota; Fanny, 
 who married Harry Goodrich, of Edmonton, Canada; 
 Albert, president of the Stevensville Mercantile Com- 
 pany, and a child who died in infancy. 
 
 George May attended the country schools in the 
 vicinity of the home farm until he was sixteen years of 
 age, at which time he apprenticed himself to the trade 
 of cabinet-maker for three years at Clinton. He received 
 thirty dollars for his first year’s work, forty dollars 
 
1150 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 for the second year and fifty dollars during the last 
 year, and out of this saved enough to purchase a service- 
 able set of tools. Thus equipped he traveled to 
 Toronto, in which city he secured employment at organ 
 and piano manufacturing, and remained there until 
 i88i, when he removed to Denver, Colorado. After 
 about six weeks spent in the latter city at carpenter 
 work he went to the end of the railroad, Dillon, where 
 he took the stage to Helena and then on to White Sul- 
 phur Springs, and after two months at the latter point 
 went on to Judith Basin. He was there employed 
 about a year on the sheep ranch of W. B. Edgar, but 
 in the fall of 1882, went to Rocky Point, and thence by 
 boat on the Missouri river to Bismarck, North Dakota, 
 a trip that took three weeks owing to the low state of 
 the water. Subsequently he went to Fargo, North Da- 
 kota, where he was engaged in farming for six years, 
 and at the end of that time joined his brother, Albert 
 May. During all this time Mr. May had been carefully 
 saving his earnings, and thus had accumulated enough 
 to engage in the sheep business in the Yellowstone 
 country with his brother, thus sebsequently branching 
 out to Bitter Root county, where they now own three 
 thousand acres of fine land. In 1900, with his brother 
 he assisted in organizing the Stevensville Mercantile 
 Company, a concern capitalized at $100,000, in which 
 they are the principal stockholders. This has become 
 the leading department store of the city, employing a 
 small army of clerks, and the business is constantly on 
 the increase. Mr. May enjoys a well-established repu- 
 tation for probity in business dealings and private life, 
 and no man stands higher in public esteem. In political 
 matters he is a Republican, but while he takes an in- 
 terest in the success of his party and stanchly supports 
 its principles and candidates, he has never cared to 
 enter the public arena on his own account. He has 
 identified himself with Masonry, and is a popular mem- 
 ber of Stevensville blue lodge. 
 
 Mr. May was married .to Miss Lillian W. Rearden, 
 of Appleton, Wisconsin, and they have two interesting 
 children ; George R., who is completing his educa- 
 tional training in Wesleyan University; and Miss Sarah 
 May, a student in the Woman's College at Jackson, 
 ville, Illinois. 
 
 Charles Williaji Ellingwood, owner of the Gold- 
 smith mine at Butte and one of the leading citizens of 
 the ciUq was born in Andover, Massachusetts, on the 
 loth day of October, 1856, and is a son of Henry Os- 
 good and Augusta (Martin) Ellingwood. The ancestry 
 of Charles William Ellingwood, in both paternal and 
 maternal lines, dates back to early colonial history. His 
 father was a native of the North Parish of the old town 
 of Andover, Massachusetts, and his mother was a na- 
 tive of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Henry Osgood 
 Ellingwood was a ship carpenter by occupation and was 
 engaged at his trade until the outbreak of the Civil war, 
 when he enlisted in Company K, Sixteenth Regiment, 
 New Hampshire Volunteers. He did not serve long in 
 the Union cause, however, as he was taken ill and died 
 on March i, 1863, in the hospital at Camp Mansfield, 
 Carrollton, Mississippi. He was thirty-one years of age 
 at the time of his death. His tvidow survived him until 
 1907, passing away at Sanford, Maine. 
 
 Charles W. Ellingwood was graduated from the John- 
 son high school at North Andover, Massachusetts, and 
 soon afterward secured a clerkship in the city engi- 
 neer’s office at Lawrence, Massachusetts. He next went 
 to work as a clerk and salesman in a grocery store in 
 that city. In 1881 he carne direct from Lawrence to 
 Butte, Montana, which he found at that time to be a 
 typical mining camp, possessing great possibilities, but 
 the greater part of them still undeveloped. He did 
 not stake all his hopes on the prevailing industry of 
 the state, but prudently accepted a position with the 
 Lavell Brothers Lumber Company, whereby he mi.ght 
 
 provide for his immediate needs until an opening in 
 mining operations was found. 
 
 It was not long before Mr. Ellingwood saw a better 
 opening before him, being on the lookout for every 
 opportunity to advance himself, and accepted it, going 
 to work in the grocery store of Lee W. Foster & Com- 
 pany. He remained in this employment until July i, 
 
 1886, when he and a fellow clerk, one John C. Reznor, 
 started a grocery store on their own responsibility, loca- 
 ting in the Renshaw block on West Park street. They 
 were successful in their venture, and conducted a flour- 
 ishing business until they disposed of it in 1898. 
 
 In the meantime Mr. Ellingwood had in 1894 taken a 
 lease from the A. J. Davis estate in the Hibernia mine, 
 which he operated for two years. His partners in the 
 venture were G. A. Kornberg and the Richards Broth- 
 ers. The mine proved to be a big producer, and made 
 them all prosperous with its bountiful yield. At the end 
 of the flrst year of operations the Richards Brothers 
 retired and returned to England, Mr. Ellingwood and 
 Mr. Kornberg working it alone the second year. From 
 that time Mr. Ellingwood continued mining on leased 
 properties, and eventually began operating the Gold- 
 smith mine, which he has since continued with success. 
 In 1905 he bonded and bought the ground on which the 
 Goldsmith mine is located, after having held the lease 
 since 1896. The property adjoins the Moulton mine, one 
 of the famous producers in the Butte district, and all its 
 ore is smelted at the Washoe smelter. This is easy of 
 access, and affords Mr. Ellingwood many advantages 
 in the handling of his ore. 
 
 I Mr. Ellingwood was married at North Andover, Mas- 
 sachusetts, on November 15, 1884, to Miss Gertrude 
 lEmily Downing, a daughter of Samuel and Rebecca 
 Hildreth (Bailey) Downing, residents of that town. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Ellingwood became the parents of four 
 children as follows: Osgood Raymond, born March ii, 
 
 1887, is now a resident of Butte; he married Ethel Vera 
 McCormick, of Butte, and they have two children, Ethel 
 Gertrude, born July 17, 1907, and Dorothy, born No- 
 vember 21, 1909. Ruby Downing, born May 23, 1889, 
 died April 10, 1890. Columbia Gertrude, born January 
 16, 1893, is a graduate of the Butte high school, and 
 Charles W., Jr., who was born July 17, 1896, is a stu- 
 dent at the Butte high school at this time. 
 
 Mr. Ellingwood is a member of the Masonic order 
 and a charter member of Camp No. 153, Woodmen of 
 the World, in Butte. In political affiliations he is a 
 staunch Republican, and takes a keen and active interest 
 in the success of his party. He is now, in 1912, a rnem- 
 ber of the city council as alderman from the Eighth 
 ward in Butte. While Mr. Ellingwood is an active 
 partisan, standing firmly by the principles of his politi- 
 cal creed because he feels that they are the promise and 
 fulfillment of the greatest good to the state, he has 
 never allowed partisan considerations to overbear his 
 zeal for the general weal or his earnestness, activity ana 
 efficiency in promoting that condition in every way open 
 for his efforts. Mr. Ellingwood represOTts the highest 
 type of citizenship to be found jn his city or state, and 
 as such a representative is cordially and universally es- 
 teemed. 
 
 Fred D. Booth, one of the popular and successful real 
 estate men of the Bitter Root valley, has traveled a 
 rugged road to prosperity. With him, success was cer- 
 tainly not attained at a single bound. Nothing but his 
 indomitable coura.ge and faith in his future welfare 
 could have carried him over the rough places on the 
 
 ''^He was born in Adams county, Illinois, on the third 
 day of March, 18^4. After attending the schools of 
 Adams county until his tenth year, his people moved to 
 New London, Iowa. Here he completed his schooling 
 and at the age of seventeen became an employee on the 
 Chicago & "international Railway. After remaining 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1151 
 
 with this company for one year and receiving much 
 valuable experience, he transferred his services to the 
 Missouri Pacific. With this road he worked up to 
 freight conductor receiving such good compensation for 
 his services that by the spring of i88i, he had been en- 
 abled to accumulate a capital of ten thousand dollars. 
 Unfortunately for Mr. Booth, he heard much of the gold 
 excitement of Montana, and met during his busy life 
 on the road a number of men who had grown rapidly 
 wealthy in the mining regions. His ten thousand dol- 
 lars began to look paltry to him and the years of hard 
 labor spent in its accumulation seemed doubly long in 
 retrospect. Carefully cashing his little fortune, he set 
 out for the gold fields of Montana hoping to treble it 
 within the year. Scarcely had he reached Helena, the 
 capital city, when an opportunity came to him — an 
 opportunity that promised to be all for which he had 
 hoped. It is the old story, new to him then. The town 
 was full to overflowing. All were miners. A few were 
 successful, but the many were losers in the great 
 gamble. Mr. Booth and a railroad friend who had 
 come to the west with him fell into the hands of an 
 unscrupulous speculator. They did not realize that 
 their past experience had scarcely prepared them for 
 life in a mining camp and that their knowledge of mines 
 was limited indeed. The speculator convinced them 
 that he was forced to sell, at a great sacrifice, a mine 
 of unusual value. The little ore on the surface looked 
 good to them. The excitement was at its height. The 
 contagion for buying was general. It was no difficult 
 matter to sell “a sure thing” to two railroad men from 
 Iowa. For more than a year they worked at their 
 bogus mine, sinking what remained of their small cap- 
 ital. When they were finally convinced of the worth- 
 lessness of their property, they left for Missoula, the 
 entire fortune of the pair consisting of fifty dollars in 
 gold. However, both Fred Booth and John Williams 
 were men of courage and both knew that a good rail- 
 road man is never long out of employ^ment. Almost 
 immediately on reaching Missoula, they secured work 
 with the Northern Pacific company where, after a 
 brief space of time, Mr. Booth was advanced from 
 brakeman to freight conductor. After three years of 
 conscientious labor he again saved a competence. This 
 time he invested it in the safest of all sureties — land. 
 In 1889, he took up a claim consisting of a quarter of a 
 section near what is now the town site of Darby. Here 
 he began ranching and stock raising in earnest, con- 
 tented now to win his wealth by slower and more legiti- 
 mate methods. As the town began to grow, Mr. Booth 
 prospered. Finally he sold his ranch and invested the 
 proceeds in town property on which he erected a store 
 building, residences, etc. This was the beginning of his 
 efforts in the real estate business. He now owns, aside 
 from his holdings in the Bitter Root, valuable property 
 in Kansas, the rentals from which furnish him a good 
 income. His own future seems entwined with that of 
 the city of Darby, but Mr. Booth is more than willing 
 that it should so be, as he has the greatest faith in the 
 city’s brilliant prospects. 
 
 Mr. Booth’s personal tastes are domestic in char- 
 acter, and his chief pastime comprises the study and 
 discussion of historical events. He is also a deep stu- 
 dent of English and American literature. In 1898, Mr. 
 Booth won in marriage Miss Frances M. Demick, of 
 Colorado. They have no family, but, sharing many 
 tastes in common, are contented with a quiet home life. 
 
 Fred D. Booth is the son of Milton Booth, originally^ 
 a farmer from Virginia. Being a Federal sympathizer, 
 Mr. Booth, Sr., moved to the north about the time that 
 the first war cloud appeared upon the horizon. He 
 settled first in Illinois but later moved his family to 
 Iowa. His first wife and the mother of the subject of 
 this sketch was Miss Agatha Moore, a native daughter 
 of the Blue Grass region of Kentucky. Five childern 
 were born of the union, three of whom are now living. 
 
 Thomas J. Booth, whose home is in Independence, 
 Kansas, is a large dealer in real estate and oil lands. 
 He was instrumental in his brother’s investments in 
 Kansas lands. The only sister, Ella, is the wife of 
 L. F. Pickier, a farmer from near Independence. Mrs. 
 Booth, the mother, died in her home at New London, 
 Iowa, after which her husband and family moved to 
 Kansas, where he himself passed away in 1880. William 
 Booth, his brother, never left the family estate in Vir- 
 ginia. During the war he was a loyal Confederate sol- 
 dier and in two of the prominent battles. Donnelson 
 and Chalangee, it was his misfortune to fight against 
 his own nephew, the oldest son of his brother Milton, 
 a son by his first marriage and hence a half brother to 
 Fred D. Booth, the Montana capitalist. 
 
 John L. Fisso, the sheriff of Roundup, Montana, is 
 one of its earliest settlers and regards it, with more 
 conviction each year, as promising to be one of the 
 greatest states in the Union. Mr. Fisco came to Mon- 
 tana in 1881, and has been a resident of the state ever 
 since. His first position in Montana was in the con- 
 struction department of the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 but on reaching Bozeman he sold his outfit of teams, 
 etc., and joined issues with the Balch and Bacon Cattle 
 Company. This latter position brought him into Mus- 
 selshell county, where he has remained ever since as a 
 ranch and stockman. For five years before his present 
 appointment in 1911 as sheriff of the New Musselshell 
 county, he -was deputy sheriff under three administra- 
 tions in Yellowstone county. 
 
 Mr. Fisco is the son of Charles and Charlotte (Ditt- 
 man) Fisco. They were both natives of Germany, but 
 their marriage did not take place until they came to 
 this country. He was a machinist and blacksmith by 
 trade, and served as a soldier in the Union army during 
 the Civil war. John L. is the eldest of their eight chil- 
 dren, all the rest of whom are still living in Iowa, their 
 native state. 
 
 John L. Fisco was born in Davenport, Iowa, March 
 26, 1861. He remained there until he was eighteen 
 years of age, attending school and learning the black- 
 smithing trade. He then started west, spending the first 
 year in North Dakota, living as a hunter. But he did 
 not see in this in the future his ambitions realized, and 
 the result was his moving to Montana. He was mar- 
 ried in 1901, at Billings, Montana, to Zelma Scrutch- 
 field, formerly of Sheridan, Wyoming, and they have 
 had five children, Lawrence, Evelyn, John L., Jr., 
 Louise and Margaret. The three oldest are in school, 
 but Louise and the baby are at home. 
 
 Mr. Fisco attends the Lutheran church, but he has no 
 prejudice against any denomination. He is a member 
 of the Roundup Commercial and Pioneer Clubs, and as 
 a Democrat, takes an active interest in politics. He 
 served as chairman of the school board in his district 
 for ten years. 
 
 Isaac Boyer is of German ancestr^ His father, 
 John Boyer, came to America in the earlj’ ’40 and took 
 up his residence in Washington, D. C. It was here that 
 the four sons and four daughters, who made up the 
 family of John and Pauline Lasky Boyer were born. 
 The mother was a native of New York state, but she 
 passed all her married life at the national capital, dying 
 there in 1880, Isaac Boyer is the next to the oldest of 
 the children, the date of his birth being December 15, 
 1864, Until he was seventeen he attended the public 
 schools of Washington, but at that age began to work 
 independently. His father was a merchant, and had 
 he grown up in the country of his ancestors it would 
 have been the wise, and indeed almost the only possible 
 course for him to follow, to pursue the same line. But 
 it was precisely for this that the father had come to 
 America, so that he and his children might be free to 
 choose any field of effort. Here there was unlimited 
 
1152 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 scope for new enterprises, and the commercial sphere 
 was not so completely occupied that in order to make a 
 living the only safe plan is for a man to step into a 
 business which has already an established clientele. Mr. 
 Isaac Boyer wished a place where there was plenty of 
 opportunity, so in the fall of i88i he came to Montana 
 and went to work for the government in the post office 
 at Miles City. He stayed there for two years, and in 1884 
 came to Helena. His father moved here in the same 
 year, continuing in the marcantile business, as he had 
 done in Washington. For a time his son was asso- 
 ciated with him, but after ten years of successful work 
 in Helena the elder Boyer removed to Portland, Ore- 
 gon, and six years later retired from business. For 
 the last decade of his life he resided in Rose City, and 
 enjoyed his leisure in that delightful climate, until he 
 passed away in 1910. 
 
 After Mr. Boyer’s father left Helena, the son con- 
 tinued to clerk for various firms for a few years, and 
 then went on the road as a traveling salesman. It was 
 largely through his efforts that the Montana branch of 
 the United Commercial travelers was organized, and he 
 is a charter member of the association. In January, 
 
 1911, Mr. Boyer decided to go into business for him- 
 self, and since that time has been engaged in the whole- 
 sale liquor business. 
 
 He is a Republican, but of late years has taken no 
 part in the activities of the party, being wholly oc- 
 cupied in his business. He is a Mason of high rank, 
 having taken all degrees to the thirty-second and being 
 a Shriner, affiliating with Algeria Temple at Helena. 
 He and Mrs. Boyer are members of the Hebrew church. 
 Mrs. Boyer was formerly Miss Carrie Feldberg, whose 
 father, Jacob Feldberg, belongs to one of the pioneer 
 families of Helena. Miss Feldberg became Mrs. Boyer 
 on January 18, 1907, the marriage being celebrated in 
 Helena, the birthplace of the bride and the residence 
 of her parents. One daughter has been born of their 
 union, Nancy Boyer, born at Helena on May 7, 1909, 
 and one son, John Feldberg Boyer, born September 14, 
 
 1912. 
 
 Mr. Boyer’s idea of enjoyment is to spend his time 
 with his family, and so when he is at leisure he is 
 generally to be found at the pleasant home on Dearborn 
 street, which, like all he possesses, is the guerdon of 
 his unaided efforts. 
 
 Edgar Boyd Camp. One of the leading citizens of 
 Billings, who was the pioneer business man of the 
 city and the owner of the first store here, is Edgar 
 Boyd Camp, who is now engaged in the real estate, 
 loan and insurance business, with offices in the Chi- 
 cago Building. Mr. Camp was born at Bloomington, 
 Illinois, November 25, 1856, and is a son of Edgar B. 
 and Mary (Porter) Camp, natives of the Empire state. 
 His grandfather was Elisha Camp, a colonel in the 
 War of 1812, and two of his father’s brothers were 
 colonels in the Union army during the Civil war, and 
 were buried jfith military honors in Arlington Ceme- 
 tery, Washington, D. C. Edgar B. Camp, Sr., a 
 banker, died at the age of thirty-six years, shortly 
 after leaving his native home at Sacket Harbor, New 
 York, for- the then far western prairies of Illinois. 
 Mr. Camp’s mother was born and educated in New 
 York City, a daughter of David C. Porter, a wealthy 
 business man of that city, and Rose Ann (Hardy) 
 Porter, daughter of Sir William Hardy, of England. 
 The families on both sides were noted for their literary 
 attainments, and members thereof have gained dis- 
 tinction in the field of letters down to recent times. 
 Miss Rose Porter, whose death occurred September 
 7, 1906, at her home in New Haven, Connecticut, 
 having been a well-known writer and the authoress 
 of some forty books. Mrs. Laura Porter Sanford, of 
 Genoa, Italy, although only having published one vol- 
 ume of poetry in her own name,' is a constant con- 
 
 ^ i leading magazines and periodi- 
 
 sought after. Both of 
 tln^e ladies are sisters of Mr. Camp’s mother 
 
 Edgar Boyd Camp was reared in Illinois, and at 
 various times lived at Odell, Bloomington, Normal 
 and Pontiac, _ and at those places received a public 
 school education. On leaving school he secured em- 
 ployment m a dry goods store in Pontiac, where he re- 
 mained for five years, and in the spring of 1880 
 engaged in the real estate business on his own T- 
 count. During the fall of 1881, however, he disposed 
 of his business and turned his face toward the west 
 and on November 21, 1881, arrived at Glendive, Mon- 
 ti M secured employment in the yards 
 
 of the Northern Pacific Railroad, but after spending 
 a few days in the exhausting work of loading buf- 
 falo hides and other heavy work, decided that his 
 former sedentary life had not prepared him for such 
 heavy labor, and he accordingly pushed on to Miles 
 City, arriving on the first train to enter that place 
 after the construction train, which had reached that 
 point the day before, November 30, 1881. Here Mr 
 Camp soon found employment with the hardware firm 
 oi Miles & Stravell, with whom he continued until 
 i^ebruary 26, 1882, at which time he formed a part- 
 nership with Arthur W. Miles, of Livingston, Mon- 
 tana, who was then paymaster’s clerk at Forth Keogh 
 and representing the firm, Mr. Camp went to Coulson' 
 at that time a lively frontier town located on the banks 
 ot the Ye lowstone river, two miles east of the present 
 site of Bilhngs, traveling i6o miles by stage and being 
 followed by his merchandise, which was hauled by 
 freight teams. On his arrival he established himself 
 in the hardware business in a tent, but some time 
 later was able to secure some green cottonwood lum- 
 ber at $6o per thousand feet, and* erected a store 
 building. Even at this time Mr. Camp possessed the 
 foresight to discern that Bilhngs would be the city of 
 the future, and he patiently carried on his business 
 at Coulson until the townsite of Billings had been 
 out and lots were placed on the market, and on 
 May 12, 1882, he opened the initial store in the magic 
 city of Billings. During that summer, however, he 
 disposed of his interest in the hardware business to 
 Mr. Miles, and became interested in the first brick yard 
 in the Yellowstone Valley, known as Camp & Penny, 
 which firm manufactured the brick for the Northern 
 Pacific round house and a number of the first brick 
 buildings in Billings. 
 
 In October, 1882, Mr. Camp re-entered the hard- 
 ware business, in partnership with his brother, Charles 
 D. Camp, under the firm name of Camp Brothers, 
 which became one of the largest concerns in eastern 
 Montana and built the building now known as the 
 Commercial Hotel, at the corner of Montana avenue 
 and Twenty-sixth street. During the year 1886, how- 
 ever, the widespread commercial depression affected 
 this part of the state, and along with various other 
 houses the firm of Camp Brothers, in July, was forced 
 to make an assignment for the benefit of its cred- 
 itors. In January, 1887, the firm having paid its cred- 
 itors in full, a new company was organized, known as 
 the Williston Hardware Company, with which Mr. 
 Camp was connected for some time. On retiring from 
 the hardware business, he entered the newspaper field, 
 and purchased the plant of the Gazette Publishing 
 Company which had just consolidated with the other 
 three newspapers, the Post, the Herald and the 
 Rustler, and thus became the owner of all the news- 
 papers published in Yellowstone county. He con- 
 ducted the Gazette daily and weekly for one year, and 
 after that continued to publish a weekly, known as the 
 Montana Stock Gazette, until September, 1888. Dur- 
 ing the time from March 4, 1885, until March 4, 1887, 
 Mr. Camp served as treasurer of Yellowstone county, 
 and for a time acted as alderman of Billings. In 1888 
 
I 
 

 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1153 
 
 he disposed of his journalistic interests to E. H. 
 Becker, and in that same year was elected to the office 
 of mayor of Billings, serving in that capacity until 
 January, i^. Subsequently he removed from Bil- 
 lings with his family and lived at various times in 
 Helena, Spokane, Washington and Chicago, and re- 
 turned to Billings from the latter city in March, 1897. 
 For the year that followed he was associated with the 
 well-known merchants, Yegen Brothers, and then 
 opened a general merchandise store in partnership 
 with his brother at Laurel, the townsite of which he 
 owned and platted, but in December, 1905, disposed of 
 most of his interests in that town. In May, 1902, Mr. 
 Camp returned to Billings and engaged in the real 
 estate, insurance and loan business, in which he has 
 been uniformly successful, and in addition is interested 
 in several large ranches in the valley. Mr. Camp has 
 always maintained an active interest in all that per- 
 tains to the welfare of his city, and at present is serv- 
 ing as president of the Library Board, and a director 
 and secretary of the Board of the Polytechnic Insti- 
 tute. During 1911 he served as president of the Bil- 
 lings Chamber of Commerce, of which he was a mem- 
 ber of the board of trustees for six years, and during 
 1910 and 1911 was president of the Central Commer- 
 cial Club, made up of the various commercial bodies 
 of the Midland Empire. He is vice-president of the 
 Bank of Billings, of which he was one of the or- 
 ganizers in 1911, and is widely known in financial and 
 industrial circles. In the campaign of 1912 Mr. Camp 
 was elected on the Republican ticket a representative 
 of the lower house in the Montana legislature, and 
 served with credit his party. Fraternally he is con- 
 nected with the Elks and other societies. In the spring 
 of 1882 Mr. Camp was one of the organizers of the first 
 church in Billings, and he has always been active in 
 church and charitable work. He is an adherent of the 
 Congregational faith. 
 
 On January 21, 1886, Mr. Camp was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Ida L. Carter, at Jersey City. Mrs. 
 Camp was born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, and is a 
 dati.ghter of Gilman and Ila H. (Hudson) Carter, the 
 former a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and the lat- 
 ter of Newburg, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Camp 
 have two children : Gilman L., special agent of the 
 
 Insurance Company of North America of Philadelphia; 
 and Ruth Esther, who is attending St. Helen’s Hall, 
 a school for young ladies at Portland, Oregon. Mrs. 
 Camp’s sister, Mrs. Emma H. Anderson, is a resident 
 of San Francisco, California. Charles D. Camp, Mr. 
 Camp’s brother, with whom he was in business for a 
 number of years, is now an agriculturist near Laurel. 
 
 Edgar Boyd Camp has led a very active and indus- 
 trious life, and has made his money solely through 
 his personal exertions. He is recognized by his fellow 
 citizens as a man of enterprise, ever ready to promote 
 all projects designed for the public good. His social 
 standing is with the best people of the com.munity, and 
 his business integrity has ever been without reproach. 
 
 Jerome G. Locke. Montana had but eight years to 
 exist as a territory when the young man who holds the 
 important post of United States surveyor general for 
 the state was born at Bozeman. In him has been given 
 to the state one of the most brilliant and able of her 
 native sons, whose career, necessarily short on account 
 of his youth, has been such as to warrant the trust and 
 confidence of the world, while his devotion to the public 
 good is unquestioned and arises from a sincere interest 
 in the welfare of his fellow men. 
 
 The date of Mr. Locke’s nativity was April 2, 1881. 
 His father, John Franklin Locke, who was of Scotch- 
 Irish parentage, was born in Kentucky about 1847. His 
 father and mother had removed from Virginia to 
 Kentucky about 1840, and when he was six years of 
 age his parents again removed to Iowa, where John 
 
 Franklin received a meagre common school education 
 and learned the business of a flour miller. He left 
 Iowa about 1870 for the west, coming by the way of 
 the Black Hills in South Dakota to the Crow Agency 
 in Montana. He was variously engaged from 1870 to 
 1880 as a gold miner in the Black Hills, as a hunter and 
 trapper, as a government packer and as a freighter. 
 He was in several Indian fights, the best known of 
 which was the Canyon Creek fight near where Billings 
 now stands, at which place he and some twenty-one 
 soldiers and civilians captured about one hundred and 
 fifty members of the Nez Perce tribe after having killed 
 several of their number. He barely missed the Custer 
 massacre in 1876, having been with Reno’s command 
 as a dispatch bearer less than a week before the cele- 
 brated fight. 
 
 The subject’s mother, Fidelia Alice Stone, was born 
 in California, in 1855, her parents having gone to that 
 state from Missouri in the gold rush of “49.” She 
 came overland to Bozeman, Montana, about 1877. Her 
 father for a short time was fortunate in mining advan- 
 tures in California and acquired a considerable amount 
 of money, so that she received as good an education as 
 could then be obtained in the west. In 1882 Mr. Locke’s 
 parents removed to a ranch in the Yellowstone, about 
 fifteen miles east of where Livingston now stands, where 
 the father engaged in the stock business. Young Jerome 
 spent his early life on the range and acquired an educa- 
 tion by attending the country school from two to three 
 months each summer from the time he was eight years 
 of age until the age of thirteen. He then took his first 
 trip on the railroad, to southern Idaho and northern 
 Nevada, where he spent the summer with a roundup 
 outfit in the employ of an uncle. In the fall of 1894 
 he entered the preparatory department of the Montana 
 State College at Bozeman. The faculty at that time 
 consisted of only six or eight members and the school 
 was held in various places in the town, no buildings 
 having yet been erected. Mr. Locke had an allowance 
 of only twenty dollars per month from home and he 
 added to this by sawing wood and doing janitor work 
 at twenty cents per hour. In the school season of 1895 
 and 1896 his finances were too low to attend and he spent 
 the time on his father’s ranch, caring for cattle. In the 
 fall of 1896 he again entered school, and after finishing 
 a preparatory course, entered the college proper, from 
 which he graduated in 1904 with the degree of Bachelor 
 of Civil Engineering, having contributed to his own 
 support during the course. 
 
 During the spring of 1902 Jerome C. Locke entered 
 the United States reclamation service and spent the 
 summer of 1902 and 1903 on various projects in Montana 
 and Dakota. In 1904, after graduation, he was employed 
 by the Emigrant Gulch Placer Mining Company, as 
 assistant engineer, in charge of the installation of placer 
 mining machinery at Chico, Montana, and later in min- 
 eral surveys in and around Cook City ; in the spring 
 of 1905 he was employed as transitman on irrigation 
 work near Billings, and was later raised to assistant 
 engineer, where he continued until the spring of 1906, 
 when he took a position as engineer in charge of an 
 irrigation project in the Clark’s Fork Valley, east of 
 Red Lodge and in which project he was financially intei'- 
 ested. In the summer of 1907 the company failed and 
 his father died, and Mr. Locke taking charge of his 
 estate and resided at Livingston until the fall of 1908, 
 working at odd time as deputy sheriff. Having practi- 
 cally settled all the affairs of his father’s estate by the 
 fall of 1908, he then took a position as engineer in 
 charge of an irrigation project in the Upper jMadison 
 valley, east of Virginia City, where he continued until 
 the fall of 1909, when he took a position as engineer in 
 charge of the Willow Creek irrigation project near Three 
 Forks. In the summer of 1910, the project having failed 
 to materialize, he accepted a position as special agent 
 in charge of the census of irrigation for INIontana and 
 
1154 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 North Dakota and continued in this capacity until July 
 I, 1911, when, in recognition of his ability and faithful- 
 ness to duty, he was appointed surveyor general for 
 Montana. 
 
 In politics Mr. Locke is a Progressive. He is affiliated 
 with no church but is unswervingly altruistic and kindly 
 and generous in his dealings with his brother. Frater- 
 nally he has taken all the various Masonic rites. In 1908 
 he received the Master’s degree in civil engineering at 
 the Montana State College. On August 7, 1912, Mr. 
 Locke was married to Pearl A. McNutt, a Minneapolis 
 school teacher, For three years previous to her marriage 
 she taught in the graded schools of Plelena. 
 
 J.\MES Edie. For many years James Edie was one 
 of the prominent and prosperous sheep breeders and 
 dealers in Montana, having lived in this part of the 
 country for over a quarter of a century. He was born 
 in Fifeshire, Scotland, 1856, and came to Montana in 
 1881, coming directly across the continent. He settled 
 on Horse Prairie, and immediately took up the business 
 in which he was to spend the remainder of his life, 
 that of sheep breeding and dealing. In the country of 
 his birth he had been engaged as quarry master. He 
 became a successful man, a well-known citizen of this 
 section, removing to Dillon from the ranch on Plorse 
 Prairie about 1892, and his Scotch traits came out 
 strongly in the rough and arduous life of the sheep 
 country. Pie was a nephew of the late Hon. George 
 M. Brown. Plis death occurred in New York City, 
 on the 28th of December, 1897. He was starting on 
 a journey back to visit the home of his boyhood, 
 accompanied by his family, when he was suddenly over- 
 taken l)v his fatal illness. Pie left his family in com- 
 fortable circumstances, and his widow has ably main- 
 tained his reputation as a keen and scrupulously honest 
 business man. 
 
 Mr. Edie was married in 1S79 to Miss Maggie Play 
 Morrison, who was born in Fifeshire, Scotland. She 
 was educated at St. Andrews Madras College, Scotland, 
 and since her husband's death she has become one of the 
 largest land holders and realty owners in Beaverhead 
 county. Mr. and Mrs. Edie became the parents of 
 seven children, but of these only two, Margaret and 
 John, are living. Mr. Edie was a member of the Repub- 
 lican party, and in the fraternal world was a member of 
 the Masonic order. He was a member of the Presby- 
 terian church, as are all the members of the family. 
 Mrs. Edie is a very active worker in church affairs and 
 has been of great aid in the upbuilding of the church 
 in Dillon. In 1908 she and her daughter made the 
 journey to Scotland and then over to the Continent, 
 the journey that Mr. Edie had planned. She and her 
 daughter are valued and distinctly useful citizens of 
 Dillon. 
 
 Robert Leavens has been prominent as a ranchman 
 and general business man in and about Billings, Mon- 
 tana, for the past twenty years. Coming to Montana 
 when he was in his ’teens, he has taken active part in 
 many affairs of public interest since his early manhood, 
 and is recognized as one of the solid man of his section. 
 
 He was born in Beverly, New Jersey, August 24, 
 1869, and is the son of 'William T. and Mary (Kain) 
 Leavens. The father, now a resident of BillingSj Mon- 
 tana was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1839. The 
 mother was a native of New Jersey, born in Beverly 
 in that state, and she died there in 1869, when her son, 
 Robert, was but six months old. One other child was 
 born to them, Teresa, the wife of Major Hugh Stuart, 
 of the British Army. 
 
 William T. Leavens came to this country at an early 
 age, and from New York City he drifted to Old Mexico. 
 Returning from Mexico, he eventually found himself 
 in Beverly, New Jersey, where he married and settled 
 down, engaging in the mercantile business. Following 
 
 the death of his wife, crushed by the blow, he went back 
 to his old home in England, taking his two infant 
 children with him. He remained there for a number of 
 years, finally returning to the United States in 1881, 
 and bringing his son with him. They went direct to 
 Philadelphia upon landing, and shortly after they came 
 up the Missouri river to Fort Benton, and later in 
 the summer of 1881 they located on Judith Basin, on 
 Little Rock Creek, iMontana, where the elder Leavens 
 homesteaded one hundred and sixty acres of govern- 
 ment land and engaged in the stock raising business. In 
 1883 they removed to Judith Gap, Montana, where he 
 bought a ranch, in addition to which he took up another 
 tract of government land, and again entered the stock ■ 
 business. He continued thus until 1897, when he came 
 to Billings, where he now resides with his son, Robert. 
 
 Robert Leavens spent the early years of his life in 
 England, where he received the usual schooling, and 
 he was about twelve years of age when his father 
 brought him back to the land of his birth. He began 
 early to ‘‘rough it,” and while he was still but a lad he 
 earned his first money working in a sawmill on Beaver 
 Creek, Meagher county, Montana, receiving as his wage 
 for a month’s work the sum of forty dollars. 'When 
 he was sixteen years old he began “cow punching,” 
 which he followed for several years. He saved his 
 money carefully while he was thus employed, and in 
 a few years he was able to start ranching on his own 
 responsibility, locating a piece of land in Judith Gap 
 and buying cattle and horses with his savings. In 1890 
 he located a second ranch and sold his first holdings 
 to his father. In 1894 he took a government con- 
 tract to carry the United States mail between Billings 
 and Ubet, carrying the contract under the firm name 
 of Hughes & Leavens, and continued the work for 
 four years, running his ranch at the same time. In 1896 
 he sold his second ranch, replacing it with another nine 
 miles .south of Billings in the Yellowstone valley, and 
 beginning operations there on a large scale. 
 
 At the time of the breaking out of the Spanish-Amer- 
 ican war Mr. Leavens was second lieutenant of Troop 
 A, Montana National Guards, their company located at 
 Billings. He enlisted with his troop for service in the 
 United States Cavalry, as Troop M, Third Cavalry, U. 
 
 S. V., and was sent to Chattanooga, Tennessee, where 
 he spent the summer of 1898 with his regiment. At the 
 close of the war he returned to Billings with his troop. 
 
 During the summer of 1900 he was engaged in tak- 
 ing the United States census of Yellowstone county, 
 Montana. Following that he was in the service of 
 Jackson & Pliggins Company, of South Omaha, Ne- 
 braska, in the live stock commission business until 1901, 
 and he then engaged in buying horses for the British 
 government during the Boer war, working under the 
 supervision of the firm of Herford & Louther, and oper- * 
 ating in 'Washington, Montana, Idaho, Oregon and^J 
 Utah. He was engaged in this business until 1902. In||B 
 the fall of that year Mr. Leavens sold his ranch, with^H 
 all stock and equipment, in Yellowstone county and hisiH 
 town property in Billings, and removed to Bear Creek, aB 
 Carbon county, Montana, and bought a ranch, also a^Rj 
 half interest in another, and engaged in the sheep busi- 
 ness. He organized the firm known as the Bear Creek* 
 Sheep Company, and in 1905 assisted in founding the 
 firm doing business under the name of The Bear Creek 
 Coal Company, he being vice-president of the latter. 
 
 Seeing the possibilities of their location with refer- 
 ence to future advancement, Mr. Leavens, together with 
 George. T. Lamport, his father-in-law, organized and 
 platted the village known as Bear Creek, in Carbon 
 county, Montana, and became actively engaged in the | 
 merchandise, banking and real estate business. They 
 organized the Bear Creek Banking Company in 1908, 
 which has done a thriving business since that time. 
 
 Mr. Leavens has never taken more than a reasonable j 
 

 
 
 
 fe' 
 
 IS- 
 
 iT-T :> 
 
 
 - , -. 3 ' 
 
 
 
 --^T' 
 
 
 
 
 V'C;';'.; 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1155 
 
 interest in politics, but was elected alderman from the 
 Fifth ward in the fall of igii. 
 
 In fraternal circles he is more than ordinarily promi- 
 nent, being a member of Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, A. F. 
 & A. M. ; Billings Chapter, No. 6, R. A. M. ; Aldemar 
 Commandery, No. 5, K. T. ; Algeria Temple, Helena, 
 Montana, and Billings Lodge, No. 394, B. P. O. E. 
 
 He was a member of the old Maverick Hose Com- 
 pany, of Billings, the first fire organization of the town, 
 a volunteer department, J. C. Bond being chief, and 
 while they now have a paid department the old Maver- 
 ick Company, limited to forty members, is still in 
 existence and maintains a club room, where they meet 
 and discuss reminiscences of the fires of Billings dur- 
 ing the palmy days of the Maverick department. 
 
 On December 8, 1897, Mr. Leavens and Elle E. Lam- 
 port were united in marriage. She is the daughter of 
 George T. Lamport, before mentioned. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Leavens are the parents of one child, a daughter named 
 Dorothy. 
 
 Arthur C. Logan. Lying eight miles west of the 
 city of Billings, in the Yellowstone Valley, is the 
 1,000-acre ranch of Arthur C. Logan, a prominent 
 stockman and the heaviest importer of blooded stock 
 in the state. For many years Mr. Logan followed the 
 profession of teaching and became well and favorably 
 known as an educator in various parts of the country, 
 but during the past several decades he has given his 
 whole attention to ranching and now holds pre-emi- 
 nence among the leading stockmen of the Yellowstone 
 Valley. IMr. Logan is a product of the east, having 
 been born at New Milford, Connecticut, June 9, 1853, 
 a son of James and Ann (Denning) Logan, and a 
 member of an old New England family of Scotch an- 
 cestry, members of which participated in the Revolu- 
 tionary war. Mr. Logan’s mother was a native of 
 Ireland, who came to the United States about 1849, 
 and her death occurred in 1900, at Brookfield, Con- 
 necticut, her husband having passed away near New 
 Milford, in 1881. 
 
 Arthur C. Logan graduated from the Danbury 
 (Connecticut) high school when he was fifteen years 
 of age, and when he was sixteen began teaching school. 
 He was only eighteen years old when he held the posi- 
 tion of principal of the schools of New Milford, and 
 during the next fifteen years held the principalship of 
 three graded schools. In 1880 he migrated to Bis- 
 marck, North Dakota, and after acting as principal of 
 schools there for one year came to Miles City, Montana. 
 For one year he edited the Miles City Press, a daily 
 newspaper, and was principal of schools there for six 
 years, being the real factor in the establishment of the 
 public school system at that place. In 1886 he was ap- 
 pointed superintendent of schools by Governor Sam 
 Hauser, of the then territory of Montana, and was 
 reappointed to the same position by Governor Preston 
 B. Leslie but refused the nomination for the position 
 after VIontana had become a state and turned his at- 
 tention to the stock business, to which he has given 
 his whole time ever since. He now has an excellent 
 property of 1,000 acres situated eight miles west of 
 Billings, and has been greatly interested in the im- 
 portation and breeding of imported stock. He has 
 conducted his operations with signal discretion and 
 ability, and his success has been a due reward for his 
 well directed efforts. He also has a 1,200 acre ranch 
 within three miles of Billings and 1,800 acres at Bull 
 Mountain, a stock ranch which he and his son Tom own 
 together. 
 
 Since 1874, when he joined St. Peters Lodge, A. F. 
 & A. M., at New Milford, Connecticut, Mr. Logan has 
 taken an active and enthusiastic interest in Masonry', 
 having passed through the chairs of Yellowstone 
 Lodge, No. 26, Miles City, and in 1889 was elected 
 grand master of the Grand Lodge of Montana. He 
 voi. 1—20 
 
 belongs to Miles City Chapter, R. A. M., of which he 
 is a past high priest, and is a charter member of Bil- 
 lings Commandery, K. T., and past grand potentate of 
 Algeria Temple at Helena. With others he assisted 
 in organizing the Shrine at Spokane, Washington, and 
 he has always had the best interests of Masonry at 
 heart. 
 
 i\Ir. Logan was married (first) at Bismarck, North 
 Dakota, in 1884, to Miss Grace Southmayd, who was 
 born at Columbus, Wisconsin, and she died April 2, 1892. 
 On June 17, 1893, Mr. Logan married the sister of his 
 first wife. Miss Bessie Southmayd, also a native of Wis- 
 consin. Her father was Captain Ogden Southmayd, a 
 native of Middletown, Connecticut, his father having 
 been born at the same place. He was a lineal descend- 
 ant of Elder William Brewster, who came from Eng- 
 land to America on the Mayflower. Mrs. Logan's 
 mother was a native of New York state. The five chil- 
 dren of Mr. and Mrs. Logan, Fay, Tom, Dick, Harris 
 (a daughter) and Grace, are possessed of remarkable 
 musical talent, and have formed an orchestra that is 
 well and favorably known all over the state. Tom 
 married Miss Florence Polmer, of Helena, Montana, 
 and Fay Logan married Rev. George Kesseluth. The 
 family's religious connection is with the Episcopal 
 church. 
 
 Otis C. Haynes. There can be no more satisfactory 
 business connection anywhere than that which exists 
 between father and son, for to the older man’s long 
 experience and intimate knowledge of the business is 
 added the enthusiasm and enterprise of youth, a com- 
 bination thus being formed that is desirable in every 
 way. Such a connection is that existing between 
 Erastus C. and Otis C. Haynes, of Custer county, who 
 are engaged in raising fruit and vegetables for the 
 Miles City market, as well as some live stock. The 
 former is an old resident of Custer county, having 
 located here more than thirtj" j-ears ago, while the 
 latter is now acting in the capacity of county clerk. 
 
 Erastus Chapman Haynes was born in Ohio, in 1841, 
 and is a son of Philo and Electa (Chapman) Haynes, 
 who removed to Ohio from Connecticut about 1834, 
 and from there to Iowa in 1842, the father spending the 
 remainder of his life in agricultural pursuits and mill- 
 ing. Erastus C. was the oldest of a family of seven 
 children, was educated in Johnson county, Iowa, whence 
 his parents had removed in 1844, and was there married 
 in 1874 to Miss Edith Campbell, a native of Ohio. To 
 this union there were born four children : Otis C. ; 
 Alda, who died in infancy; Robert Halsey; and Dixie 
 E. In 1881 the father came by rail to Sentinel Butte, 
 Dakota, and from that point traveled overland to Cus- 
 ter county, Montana, locating on a tract of 160 acres, 
 situated one mile from Miles City, which he purchased 
 from the Northern Pacific Railroad Company. The 
 family followed in the same year by steamboat from 
 Glendive, Montana, at that time the terminal of the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad. For a number of years 
 he gave the greater part of his attention to the coal 
 business, but in recent years vegetable and fruit rais- 
 ing have been his chief ocupations. He is a Republi- 
 can in his political views, taking a good citizen’s in- 
 terest in matters of public welfare. He is essentially 
 the architect of his own fortune, and does credit to 
 the good old New England Revolutionary stock from 
 which he descends. 
 
 Otis C. Haynes was born in Johnson county, Iowa, 
 November 20, 1875, and has been a resident of Custer 
 county since he reached his sixth year. After attend- 
 ing the public schools of Miles City he became a stu- 
 dent in the normal school at Lebanon, Warren county, 
 Ohio, from which he was graduated. Returning to 
 Custer county, he associated himself in business with 
 his father, with whom he has continued to the present 
 time, and has nroved that he possesses his father's 
 
1156 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 sterling integrity and business ability. He is a Repub- 
 lican in his political views, and in 1908 was elected to the 
 office of clerk of Custer county, succeeding himself in 
 that position in November, 1910. He is a capable, 
 faithful and conscientious official, these traits having 
 won for him the confidence of the people of the county, 
 while his genial and courteous manner has rnade him 
 many friends. Although his business and official duties 
 have demanded a great deal of his attention he has 
 found time to cultivate and enjoy the companionship of 
 his fellow men, and is a popular member of Miles City 
 Lodge, No. 537, B. P. O. E. 
 
 Charles H. Buford. In addition to extensive real- 
 estate and banking interests in Madison county, Mon- 
 tana, Charles H. Buford is proprietor of the Virginia 
 City Garage in Virginia City, and also engaged in the 
 mercantile business in Virginia City and Alder. He 
 
 is a business man of unusual executive ability and 
 
 during his residence in this state, which has covered a 
 period of nearly a third of a century, he has been en- 
 gaged in a number of different enterprises, in all of 
 which he has met with marked success. He is loyal 
 
 and public-spirited in his civic attitude and figures 
 
 prominently in Democratic politics. 
 
 In Knox county, Missouri, April 7, i860, occurred 
 the birth of Charles H. Buford, who is descended 
 from a fine old Southern family, his ancestors having 
 been natives of the Old Dominion commonwealth, 
 Virginia. His father, Wellington Buford, was born 
 near Richmond, Virginia, as was also his mother, whose 
 maiden name was Amanda Staples. The Senior Bu- 
 ford migrated to Missouri as a young man and settled 
 in Knox county, where he gained prominence as a 
 successful agriculturist. He was a Democrat in his 
 political convictions and during his lifetime was in- 
 cumbent of a number of important public positions. 
 He was a devout Christian and was a man of broad 
 mind and most generous impulses. He was summoned 
 to the life eternal in 1888, at the age of seventy 
 years, and his wife died in 1889, aged sixty-nine years. 
 They became the parents of fifteen children, of whom 
 thirteen are living (1912). They reside in Missouri, 
 Washington, Idaho, California and Montana. 
 
 The tenth in order of birth in a family of fifteen 
 children, Charles H. Buford was reared to maturity 
 on the old homestead farm, in the work and manage- 
 ment of which he early began to assist his father and 
 brothers. His early educational training consisted of 
 such advantages as were offered in the public schools 
 of Knox county. At the age of twenty-one years he 
 came to Montana and located in Virginia City, where 
 he has since resided. His first occupation after coming 
 to this state was that of freighting between Virginia 
 City and Corinne, Utah, and subsequently he engaged 
 in the general merchandise business for several years. 
 He now has extensive banking interests, is the owner 
 of a ranch in Madison county and has considerable 
 money invested in mining enterprises of note in this 
 section of the state. In 1911 he opened the Virginia 
 City Garage in Virginia City and in automobile repair 
 work he has met with unusual success. He has as- 
 sociated with him in this business his son, Luther L. 
 
 In Virginia City, Montana, April 7, 1886, Mr. Bu- 
 ford was united in marriage to Miss Emilia Steffens, 
 a daughter of Ernest and Margaret Steffens, formerly 
 of Illinois. Two children have been born to this union, 
 namely : Walter W., a resident of Sheridan, where he 
 is connected with the Sheridan State Bank; and Luther 
 L., in business with his father in Virginia City. In 
 religious matters the Buford family are devout mem- 
 bers of the Baptist church, to whose charities and 
 benevolences they are most liberal contributors. 
 
 In politics Mr. Buford is an uncompromising Demo- 
 crat and he has been chairman of the Democratic 
 county central committee for several years. In 1898 
 
 he was honored by his fellow citizens with election to 
 the office of county treasurer, of which he was incum- 
 bent for four years, and at the present time, in 1912, 
 he is a valued member of the city council. Fraternally 
 he is an Odd Fellow and Elk and in the former organ- 
 ization he has filled all the official chairs twice and is 
 now noble grand for the third time. As a sportsman 
 he indulges in extended camping trips, being exceed- 
 ingly fond of hunting and fishing, and Tie always has 
 several good horses on hand for riding and driving. 
 He is fond of reading and thoroughly enjoys a good 
 public speech or lecture. Mr. Buford is a man of 
 broad mind and high ideals and the circle of his 
 friends is coincident with that of his acquaintances. 
 
 Walter A. Cameron. It undoubtedly is true that 
 no particular part of the world invariably produces men 
 who attain a large degree of success in their different 
 paths of life, for this desirable condition is governed by 
 individual effort, but it is generally conceded that there 
 are characteristics in those whose ancestry reaches back 
 to Scotland that are notably contributive in this direc- 
 tion. In the best citizenship of Montana there are those 
 who_ bear the Highland names and have the courage, 
 persistence, industry and business foresight that have 
 brought financial independence, and, also, in the case 
 of Walter A. Cameron, a leading man in Custer county, 
 a prominence in public affairs. Mr. Cameron was born 
 at Boston, Massachusetts, May i, 1862, and is a son of 
 James M. and Frances H. (Dodge) Cameron, a grand- 
 son of John C. and a great-grandson of John Angus 
 Cameron. 
 
 During the Revolutionary war between England and 
 her American colonies, John Angus Cameron was a 
 lieutenant in one of the Highland regiments called into 
 the service, and for his valor and fidelity received from 
 the British government the island of Grand Manan, off 
 the coast of Nova Scotia, and he is credited with erect- 
 ing the first frame nouse in Sydney, Cape Breton. Of 
 his family, John C. Cameron was his eldest son. He 
 followed the sea until he was twenty-four years of 
 age, when he married Hannah Hayden and settled on a 
 bit of land at South Brookfield, Nova Scotia. She was 
 born on Ragged Island, Nova Scotia, and they both 
 survived into old age, she reaching the century mark 
 and he passing away at the age of ninety-four. Of 
 their nine children, James M. was the sixth in order of 
 birth. 
 
 James M. Cameron was born at South Brookfield, 
 Nova Scotia, July 10, 1819, and died in 1892. When he 
 was sixteen years of age he was apprenticed to his 
 uncle, who was a merchant at Halifax, Nova Scotia, 
 but life there proved unattractive and he ran away and, 
 through many adventures reached Fort Dearborn, Il- 
 linois, and secured a position as clerk in the post trader’s 
 store on this Indian frontier. Later he started into a 
 bakery business in the village of Chicago but had so 
 little encouragement from the housewives that he dis- 
 continued and returned to New England, in the gov- 
 ernment arsenal at Boston, Massachusetts, finding em- 
 ployment in the manufacturing of gun carriages. From 
 there he went to St. John, New Brunswick, and be- 
 came interested in the manufacturing of trunks and 
 valises. Here his wife died, and with his domestic 
 affairs .thus disturbed, he lost interest, sold out and 
 returned to Nova Scotia. He then embarked in con- 
 tracting and building, which he continued until 1878, 
 when he bought a farm near South Brookfield, Nova 
 Scotia, and there spent the remainder of his life. He 
 married Frances H. Dodge, who was born in Canada 
 and died in New Brunswick in 1869, a most estimable 
 woman who is tenderly recalled by her son Walter A., 
 who was seven years old at that time. To this mar- 
 riage four sons and one daughter were born, all the 
 sons surviving: Clarence B., Arthur H., Walter A. and 
 Fred H., but the daughter died in infancy. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1157 
 
 Walter A. Cameron went to live with his uncle, 
 Joseph H. Cameron, after the death of his mother and 
 worked on the farm and attended school in the mean- 
 while until he was seventeen years of age, when he re- 
 turned to his father, the latter having purchased a 
 farm, and remained at home for one year. Afterward, 
 through one season, he worked as a farm hand at Nic- 
 taux. Nova Scotia, and then embarked for the United 
 States, and after reaching Old Town, Maine, secured 
 work with the firm of Gilmore & Webster, sawmill 
 operators and lumbermen, and when the season for farm 
 work opened again went to Pittsfield, Maine, where he 
 was a farm hand for the next six months. In March, 
 i88i, Mr. Cameron came as far west as Crystal Lake 
 six miles west of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and found 
 his services gladly accepted on the farms there and re- 
 mained until the middle of the following September, 
 when he went to Minneapolis and engaged in teaming 
 there until November, when he started for Montana. 
 On December 8, i88i, he reached Miles City, where 
 he entered the employ of Pennell & Jones, a contract- 
 ing firm engaged in building the Big Horn tunnel for 
 the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, and con- 
 tinued work here until April, 1882, when he was en- 
 gaged with John Lamey on construction work on the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad east of the Big Horn tunnel 
 through to Helena until the fall of this year. Then, 
 with three other young men, he entered into what ap- 
 peared an excellent business scheme at the time but 
 was later abandoned, but not before they built a boat 
 at Canyon ferry, twelve miles from Helena, to be used 
 in hunting game up and down the river. For several 
 reasons it was not feasible and Mr. Cameron then se- 
 cured work in constructing roads near Fort Buford, 
 in the woods at the mouth of the Yellowstone river, 
 for the firm of Leighton & Jordan, government con- 
 tractors. 
 
 In May, 1883, Mr. Cameron returned to Miles City 
 and soon secured work as a sheep herder on a ranch 
 eighty miles south, where he remained until December, 
 1^3, when he located a homestead on Little Pumpkin 
 creek, in Custer county, Montana, and lived there until 
 April, 1902. He was engaged in the sheep business ex- 
 tensively from 1889 until 1907, and at one time owned 
 8000 acres of land. In the spring of 1902, after selling 
 his homestead, he concluded to visit other sections to 
 see if they presented better business attractions than 
 Montana, and before he returned to his chosen home, 
 in a contented state of mind, he had visited Washing- 
 ton, Oregon and California. In the autumn of 1902 he 
 located permanently near Terry, in Custer county, 
 where he still retains 500 acres of land, as a summer 
 home, retiring to Terry during the winter seasons and 
 giving his personal attention to one of the leading busi- 
 ness enterprises of the town. This is a modern, steam 
 equipped laundry, for which he erected a commodious 
 brick building, with its machinery costing some $9,000. 
 He was one of the organizers of the Terry Drug Com- 
 pany, of which he was president until January, 1911, and 
 was also one of the organizers of the Star Lumber 
 Company of Terry and served as its vice-president un- 
 til March, 1911, when he sold his interest. He assisted 
 in the organization of the Farmers’ Brick Company 
 of Terry and is president of this concern. His many 
 business interests do not conflict, as he is careful and 
 methodical and, in this way, is also well fitted for the 
 public services that his fellow citizens from time to time 
 have asked of him. Politically he is in sympathy with 
 the principles of the Republican party and wherever 
 he has maintained his home has been an influential 
 member of it. While residing on his homestead on 
 Little Pumpkin creek, he served two terms as a member 
 of the school board and it was mainly through his 
 efforts that the school-house at Stacey, in Custer county, 
 was erected. He was also instrumental in securing the 
 organization of the school district in this section, feel- 
 
 ing that the educating of the children is one of the 
 vital problems of the age. On February 2, 1910, he 
 was' appointed county commissioner of Custer county, 
 to fill out the unexpired term of J. W. Stith, and no 
 better selection could have been made. Although he 
 has led a busy and during much of the time a laborious 
 life, Mr. Cameron is a broad-thinking man, one whose 
 experiences have widened his horizon and fitted him 
 well for positions of trust and responsibility. 
 
 On October 18, 1892, he was married to Miss Frances 
 E. Sweeney, a daughter of James and Bridget Sweeney. 
 They were born in Ireland and both are now deceased. 
 When a young man the father of Mrs. Cameron came 
 to the United States and all his later life was spent 
 as a farmer in Wisconsin and Iowa. Of his family of 
 six children, Mrs. Cameron is the youngest. Five 
 children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cameron, 
 namely: Clyde S., Ruby, Ray E., Fred H., and Cecil M. 
 Mr. Cameron is a valued member of the Commercial 
 Club, and fraternally is identified with Miles City Lodge, 
 No. 537, B. P. O. E., Crusade Lodge, No. 7, K. of P., 
 and Camp No. 11168, M. W. of A. 
 
 Louts V. Bogy. Prominent among the leading citi- 
 zens of Chinook stands Louis V. Bogy, who is essential- 
 ly a self-made man, no one having owned much less 
 than he in early life to what is termed good fortune. 
 He is one of the more successful merchants of the 
 place, his prosperity being due to years of persevering 
 industry, wise management, and sound judgment. A 
 son of the late Charles Bogy, he was born September 
 10, 1850, in Dunleith, Illinois. The father moved to St. 
 Louis, Missouri, when Louis was but an infant and 
 thence to Texas, where the family remained until the 
 youth was nineteen years of age. 
 
 A native of Missouri. Charles Bogy was bom at 
 Saint Genevieve, coming from a family of pioneer 
 steamboat men, owning boats on both the Mississippi 
 and Missouri rivers. He began life as a river boat- 
 man, living in Illinois and in Missouri during his earlier 
 life, and afterwards being engaged in mining in Col- 
 orado. About 1869 he moved with his familv to Bon- 
 ham, Texas, where he resided until his death, in 1873. 
 He married Cornelia McKnight, who was born at St. 
 Louis, Missouri, and died in Bonham, Texas, in 1900. 
 Five children were born of their union, as follows : 
 William, now living in Bloomfield, Indiana ; Hattie, 
 wife of Charles E. Phillips, of Bonham, Texas; Thomas, 
 deceased, who came to Montana in 1865, becoming one 
 of the early settlers of Fort Claggett, now Judith, and 
 later being engaged in mercantile pursuits at Fort 
 Benton: and Louis V. 
 
 Acquiring his early education in the city schools of 
 St. Louis, Missouri, Louis V. Bogy completed his 
 studies in Bonham, Texas, where his parents located 
 when he was a boy. In 1879 he returned north, for 
 two years living and laboring in St. Louis. Lured still 
 further northward, thinking to find better opportunities 
 for improving his fortunes in a newer country, Mr. 
 Bogy settled at Poplar, Montana, in 1881, and during 
 the ensuing five years there clerked in a general store. 
 The following winter and summer he spent at Fort 
 Benton, thence going, in the fall of 1887, to Belknap, 
 where he first found employment with the T. C. Power 
 Mercantile Company, afterwards being associated with 
 the Thomas O’Hanlan Mercantile Company of Chi- 
 nook for eleven years. In 1900 Mr. Bogy organized the 
 Bogy Mercantile Company, at Chinook, and has since 
 carried on a large and highly remunerative business, 
 his establishment being today one of the best stocked 
 and most liberally patronized stores in the place. In 
 1903 Mr. Bogy was appointed postmaster of Chinook, 
 and has held the office ever since, his prompt and 
 faithful discharge of the duties devolving upon him in 
 that capacity winning for him the good will of the 
 people. From year to year Mr, Bogy has added ma- 
 
1158 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 terially to his wealth ; owning not only a fine ranch m 
 Blaine county, but valuable business and city property, 
 and a pleasant home in Chinook. 
 
 Mr. Bogy married, in March, 1889, Miss Grace Bar- 
 rett, a native of Nevada, and they have one son, Tom 
 V. Bogy. Politically, Mr. Bogy is a republican, and 
 fraternally is a member of the Ancient tree and Ac- 
 cepted Order of Masons, being past master of his 
 lodge. 
 
 James H. Daly. This enterprising, progressive and 
 successful sheep raiser of Custer county, who is the 
 owner of a fine ranch of four hundred acres located 
 not far from Miles City, has been a resident of Mon- 
 tana for more than thirty years, during which time 
 he has risen from humble circumstances and obscurity 
 to a position of independence and prominence among 
 his fellow men. He may truly be termed the archi- 
 tect of his own fortunes, for his success has been 
 won through the medium of his own efforts, thus plac- 
 ing himself among those whose activities have made 
 Montana the prosperous state that it is^ today. Mr. 
 Daly was born in Hancock county, Illinois, November 
 30, 1861, and is a son of Charles and Katherine Daly, 
 the former a native of County Clare, Ireland, who 
 died when seventy years of age, and the latter of 
 whom passed away when James H., the youngest of 
 the four children, was a baby. Charles Daly came 
 from his native Erin to the United States in young 
 manhood, the journey occupying six weeks, and landed 
 at New York City. After spending some length of 
 time in that metropolis he came to Hancock county, 
 Illinois, there working at his trade of stone cutter 
 until the early seventies. He then removed to David 
 City, Buffer county, Nebraska, and engaged in build- 
 ing and contracting up to within a few years of his 
 death, when he retired. He was a Democrat iit his 
 political views, but his was a business life rather than 
 one that was devoted to politics, and he was content 
 to give his whole attention to his own interests. 
 
 James H. Daly was educated in the schools of Han- 
 cock county, Illinois, and David City, Butler county, 
 Nebraska, and in 1881 came to Beaverhead county, 
 Montana, and accepted employment herding sheep. 
 Subsequently he engaged in work as a cowboy, but 
 in 1895, having been thrifty and economical, found 
 himself with enough capital to engage in business on 
 his own account, and embarked in sheep raising on 
 the Powder river, in Custer county, where he had 
 purchased a ranch. In 1903 he removed to Miles City, 
 where he lived while continuing to ranch, but in 
 1909 went to his present ranch and has here lived ever 
 since. He has an excellent property of 400 acres, 
 150 of which are under cultivation and thoroughly ir- 
 rigated, and he now has a band of about 6,000 sheep. 
 Mr. Daly has made numerous improvements on his 
 land, and has the ranch thoroughly equipped with 
 modern buildings. He has an intimate and compre- 
 hensive knowledge of the business of sheep raising, 
 and results have shown that he is an able business 
 man. Like his father, he has given his whole atten- 
 tion to his ranch and has not engaged in active poli- 
 tics, although he takes a good citizen’s interest in the 
 issues of the day, is ready at all times to assist in 
 movements for the betterment of his community, and 
 votes the Republican ticket. Fraternally he is. con- 
 nected with Custer Lodge, No. 13, I. O. O. F., and 
 Miles City Lodge, No. 537, B. P. O. E. 
 
 In February, 1898, Mr. Daly was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Julia Barker, who was born at Rowan, 
 Wright county, Iowa, and to this union there have been 
 born four children, namely: James H., Jr., Ernest, Fred 
 and Ruth. 
 
 Edward T. Broadwater. In the founding of the city 
 of Havre and its subsequent commercial and civic 
 
 history, the man whose name most clearly belongs at 
 the top of the pioneers and among those whose efforts 
 and inlluence have contributed most to the city’s pros- 
 perity is E. T. Broadwater. 
 
 Mr. Broadwater, whose career has been identified 
 with Montana for more than thirty years, was born 
 at Memphis, Scotland county, Missouri, on the 22d 
 of November, 1861, and comes of a prominent family. 
 His parents were Thomas and Martha A. (Smoot) 
 Broadwater. The father, a Virginian by birth, came 
 to Memphis at the age of twenty-one, and lived there 
 until his death on February 29, 1908, aged eighty-three 
 years five months and seventeen days. An architect 
 and builder by profession, he was also engaged in the 
 live stock business, and for some years furnished 
 under contract mules to the Diamond R. Company. 
 The mother was born in Scotland county, Missouri, 
 and still resides on the old homestead in that vicinity. 
 One of the sons, Wm, C. Broadwater, died at Mem- 
 phis, January 14, 1912, at the age of forty-four. 
 
 Up to the age of fifteen E. T. Broadwater attended 
 the public schools at Memphis. Although reared in a 
 good home and having more than ordinary advantages 
 in his youthful training, he possessed the independent 
 spirit which early ventures forth upon its own enter- 
 prise, and since boyhood has depended on his own 
 resources and fashioned his own career. On leaving 
 school he spent five years in the employ of one cloth- 
 ing firm, and there .gained a business experience that 
 was useful in his subsequent career. On May 15, 
 1881, he arrived at Fort Assiniboine and became book- 
 keeper in the posttrader’s store. He was in business 
 at that point for ten years, during part of which time 
 the firm was Broadwater, McColloch & Company. 
 
 In 1891, in company with Simon Pepin, he moved to 
 the site of the present city of Havre and inaugurated 
 the enterprise which may properly be considered the 
 cornerstone of that city’s upbuilding and subsequent 
 prosperity. Under cover of a tent they opened a gen- 
 eral merchandise store on ground now occupied by 
 the Great Northern Railway yards. Upon the location 
 of the railroad, with public-spirited enterprise they 
 donated to the railway company the land on which 
 their business was being conducted, the condition of 
 this transfer being that the company should make this 
 a division point on the road. These mutual conces- 
 sions on the part of the local business men and the 
 railway company gave the first real impetus to Havre. 
 The firm then erected a substantial store building, and 
 this, with Mr. Broadwater’s residence, was the pioneer 
 structure in Havre. For twenty years the firm of 
 Broadwater & Pepin has ranked foremost among the 
 mercantile concerns of Havre and northern Mon- 
 tana; and their enterprise has led the way for many 
 important improvements in this vicinity. Mr. Broad- 
 water has also been engaged in stock raising, and in 
 connection with others controls many thousand acres 
 of grazing and farming lands. He is secretary and 
 treasurer, while Mr. Pepin is president of the Broad- 
 water-Pepin Company. He was also one of the organ- 
 izers and is a director of the Security State Bank of 
 Havre. 
 
 For many years Mr. Broadwater has been one of the 
 influential Democrats in this portion of the state. Dur- 
 ing Cleveland’s administration in the nineties, he served 
 four years as postmaster at Havre, and was also an 
 alderman of the city two terms, or four years. Fra- 
 ternally he is a member of the Elks, Havre Lodge No. 
 1201. 
 
 In October, 1890, Mr. Broadwater was married at 
 Cape Girardeau, Missouri, to Miss Sadie Moon, who 
 was born in that city, where her father. Dr. Henry 
 B. Moon, was a prominent dentist. Her brother. 
 Major H. G. Moon, of the Twentieth _U. S. In- 
 fantry, now recruiting officer at Philadelphia, was for 
 a number of years stationed at Fort Assiniboine. He 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1159 
 
 also took an active part in the Cuban war, and was 
 seriously wounded in one of the engagements about the 
 city of Santiago. Mr. and Mrs. Broadwater are the 
 parents of two -children, Marian Louise, attending 
 the state University at Missoula, and Kathlyn Eddwina, 
 a student of the Havre high school. 
 
 Isaac A. Heilbronner. The west is replete with 
 young business men who through their town well 
 applied efforts have made of success not an accident 
 but a logical result. Prominent among the representa- 
 tive self-made men of Butte is Isaac A. Heilbronner, 
 president of the Heilbronner Company, which con- 
 ducts an extensive and well-known mining brokerage 
 business. 
 
 Isaac A. Heilbronner was born at Salt Lake City. 
 August 2, 1875, and he is a son of Henry and Hen- 
 rietta (Steinhauser) Heilbronner, the former of whom 
 was summoned to the life eternal August 26, 1884, 
 and the latter of whom is now living, at the venerable 
 age of 75 years, at Butte. The father was a native 
 of Bavaria, Germany, where his birth occurred Dec. 
 2, 1836, and he came to America from France about 
 the year 1856, at which time he was twenty years of age. 
 He settled first in New York, going to Portland, Ore., 
 in the sixties by way of Isthmus of Panama, and was 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits until he came to Butte, 
 in 1881, here turning his attention to the retail furn- 
 iture business. He did not long survive his adverit 
 in Butte but died three, years later. At the time of his 
 demise he had extensive mining interests at Carlin, 
 Nevada, and he left his family fairlv well provided 
 for. Mrs. Heilbronner was born at Nuremburg, Ger- 
 many, May I, 1837, and when a child she accompanied 
 an older sister to America. Location was made in 
 Philadelphia, later in San Francisco, and subsequently 
 in Portland, Ore., where she was married to Mr. Heil- 
 bronner. Six children were born to_ Mr. and Mrs. 
 Heilbronner, namely, Theresa, who is the wife of 
 I. N. Symons, a prominent dry-goods merchant at 
 Butte; Charles H., who is engaged in business at 
 Wenachie, Washington; Max H., who is located at 
 Prince Rupert, northwestern Canada; Isaac A.,_ the 
 immediate subject of this review; Julian H., a resident 
 of Hood River, Oregon and Adolph H., who is con- 
 nected with the San Pedro Railway Company at Butte. 
 
 In the public schools of Butte, Isaac A. Heilbronner 
 received his early educational training. At the age of 
 nine years, however, he was taken from school and 
 made cash boy in the Bonner Mercantile Company, 
 remaining with that concern for the ensuing eight 
 years and eventually becoming a salesman. Believing 
 that broader opportunities existed in other fields than 
 the general merchandise business, he resigned his posi- 
 tion with the Bonner Company and became a sales- 
 man in the employ of Louis D. Cohn, a wholesale 
 cigar manufacturer. After considerable_ experience in 
 the cigar business Mr. Heilbronner decided to launch 
 out in that line himself and accordingly, in i8g8, formed 
 a partnership with E. C. Kulli and opened a whole- 
 sale and retail cigar and tobacco establishment in 
 Butte, Mr. Kulli eventually withdrew from the con- 
 cern and his place was taken by Patsy Brown, the firm 
 becoming that of Brown & Heilbronner Company. In 
 1899 Mr. Heilbronner withdrew from the above con- 
 cern and opened the Heilbronner Cigar Company, at 
 No. 23 East Broadway. He conducted the latter busi- 
 ness independently for the next three years, at the ex- 
 piration 6f which he sold out in order to engage in 
 the mining brokerage business, opening offices under 
 the name of the National Mining & Investment Com- 
 pany, a concern which was incorporated in igo6 ,and 
 which was officered as follows : Walter C. Lewis, pres- 
 ident; G. A. Lauzier, vice president; and Isaac A, 
 Heilbronner, secretary and treasurer. The above cor- 
 poration continued until igop; when Messrs. Lauzier 
 
 and Heilbronner withdrew. About that time the Heil- 
 bronner Company was incorporated, with I. A. Heil- 
 bronner, president; J. C, Adams, general superintend- 
 ent of the Boston-Montana Company, vice president ;' 
 and H. H. Walrath, secretary and treasurer. The 
 offices of the Heilbronner Company are maintained at 
 No. 200 North Main street, Butte, and a large mining 
 brokerage business is controlled, the same including 
 extensive mining investments. 
 
 Mr. Heilbronner has built up a splendid business for 
 himself in Butte and his sterling integrity of char- 
 acter as allied with his fair and honorable business 
 transactions has gamed to him the friendship and 
 esteem of many of the most prominent citizens of 
 Butte. In politics he is an uncompromising Republican 
 and while he has no time for active participation in 
 public affairs he is always ready to exert his in- 
 fluence in support of all measures and enterprises ad- 
 vanced for the good of the general welfare. In a 
 fraternal way he is a member of the Benevolent and 
 Protective Order of Elks, the United Commercial Trav- 
 elers, the Silver Bow Club, the Rocky Mountain Club 
 of New York, and the Butte Country Club. 
 
 February 6, 1900, at Butte, was solemnized the mar- 
 riage of Mr. Heilbronner to Miss Rose Hall, youngest 
 daughter of Capt, W. E. Hall, manager of the Alice 
 Mining Company. Captain Hall has figured very prom- 
 inently in national, state and local politics and was the 
 first mayor of Walkerville, Montana. Mrs. Heilbronner 
 was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, February 17, 1879. 
 She is a woman of most gracious personality and is 
 deeply beloved by all with whom she has come in con- 
 tact. She is a devout member of the Episcopal church 
 and they are popular factors in connection with the 
 best social activities of Butte, their home being recog- 
 nized as a center of refinement and generous hos- 
 pitality. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Heilbronner have one son, 
 Walter Lewis Heilbronner, whose birth occurred the 
 i6th of September, 1910. 
 
 Frank E. Blakesi.ee. One of the best known and 
 most popular hostelries in Sweet Grass county is the 
 Blakeslee Hotel, favorably located at the county seat. 
 Big Timber, the proprietor of which, Frank E. Blakes- 
 lee, is a business man of versatile talents and promi- 
 nent in the public and social life of the city. Coming 
 first to Montana about thirty years ago, he was for 
 a time employed in minor capacities, but after he had 
 embarked in business on his own account his rise was 
 rapid and continuous and he is now recognized as one 
 of his community’s most substantial citizens. Mr. 
 Blakeslee was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 17, 
 1848, and is a son of Edward and Emmeline (Wood- 
 ford) Blakeslee. 
 
 The Blakeslee family is one of the old and honored 
 ones of New England, its progenitors having come 
 to America on the Mayflower, and members participated 
 in both the Revolutionary war and War of 1812-14. 
 Edward Blakeslee was born in Plymouth Hollow, Con- 
 necticut, known at this time as Thomaston, in 1800, and 
 as a youth learned the trade of clock maker, being for 
 some time in partnershio with the noted Seth Thomas 
 in the manufacture of clocks. He came west to Alle- 
 ghany, Pennsylvania, by stage at an early day, and then 
 went down the Ohio river on a flatboat to Cincinnati, 
 where he became the pioneer clock-maker of the city, 
 and from the early ’forties had the controlling trade 
 of the Thomas clocks throughout the western country. 
 He was also well known in Democratic politics, and 
 in his death, which occurred in 1866, his city lost^ an 
 able business man and representative public-spirited 
 citizen. His wife, also born at Plymouth Hollow, died 
 in 1864, having been the mother .of six children, of 
 whom two survive : Emmeline, the widow of George 
 Deprans, living at New Haven, Connecticut; and Frank 
 E., of Big Timber. 
 
1160 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 The education of Frank E. Blakeslee was secured in 
 the public and high schools of Cincinnati, and in that 
 city he also attended Woodward College. On com- 
 pleting his studies, he learned the carpenter’s trade, 
 but subsequently accepted a position as clerk in the 
 wholesale grocery establishment of William Glenn & 
 Sons. He continued with this Cincinnati firm from 
 1865 until 1881, when he embarked in business for him- 
 self in Montana. As a broker he handled the output 
 of a cotton mill for about three years, and then came 
 to Montana and became manager at Couer de Leon, 
 for the St. Paul firm of Glidden, Griggs & Company, 
 now Griggs, Cooper & Company. After spending four 
 years in this business, Mr. Blakeslee went to California, 
 but a year later returned to Montana, locating at 
 Thompson’s Falls, where he was engaged in the liquor 
 business for some length of time. Later he went to 
 Hunter’s Springs, Montana, and for some time was 
 employed as a cowboy, but subsequently came to Big 
 Timber and engaged in the restaurant business. He 
 now devotes his entire attention to his hotel business, 
 and the Blakeslee enjoys a large share of representa- 
 tive patronage. The proprietor endeavors to make his 
 house homelike and comfortable for his guests, and as 
 a host he is genial and obliging and very popular with 
 the traveling public. He is a stanch Republican in his 
 political views, and for four years has served as aider- 
 man of his ward. 
 
 On December 13, 1889, Mr. Blakeslee was married to 
 Miss Mabel Follansbee, who was born in Concord, New 
 Hampshire, daughter of Richard Follansbee, a promi- 
 nent citizen of Concord and a member of an old 
 and honored New England family. Mrs. Blakeslee died 
 December 5, 1901. She and her husband had no children 
 of their own, but reared an adopted daughter, who is 
 now the wife of Robert Brownlee, who has twice repre- 
 sented Sweet Grass county in the state assembly. 
 
 Ben Falk. Those local characteristics which are 
 most apparent to the stranger when he first mingles 
 with the people of Montana are their progressiveness, 
 their ability to begin large projects and carry them to a 
 successful conclusion, their whole-heartedness and their 
 intense loyalty to the state of their adoption. This has 
 largely been the quality of the citizenship of the Treas- 
 ure state since her pioneer days. Then it was that pio- 
 neers of large ability and of strong character, laid the 
 foundation of this promising commonwealth, of which 
 few who have lived within her boundaries ever speak 
 in other than terms of praise. One of the prosperous 
 cities of this thriving state and one especially favored 
 in the calibre of the men who have cast their fortunes 
 here, is Anaconda. Among its strong business firms 
 we note particularly that of Falk Brothers, who both 
 operate the Independent meat market there and also 
 conduct a wholesale business in that line. The founder 
 of this successful business was Ben Falk, the father of 
 the present proprietors and now a retired resident of 
 Anaconda, whose people esteem him as one of the 
 city’s most honored pioneers. A record of the events 
 of his life is of especial interest. 
 
 The proverbial thrift, industry and business acumen 
 of the German nation descended as an ancestral gift to 
 Ben Falk, who was born near Bruchsall in Obergram- 
 bacli, Groscherzogtheim, Baden, Germany, on July 13, 
 1835. His father was a butcher and stock dealer, whose 
 business thus gave Ben early opportunities for learning 
 the butchering business. He lived at his home in the 
 Fatherland until early in the year 1857, at which time 
 he came to America, sailing from Havre on a sailing 
 vessel and, after a voyage of forty-two days, landing 
 in New York. There an older brother, Nathan Falk, 
 who was engaged in the meat business, met young Ben 
 Falk and took him into his employ. After a time the 
 latter was admitted into partnership in the business 
 which was then located on Stanton street. New York 
 
 City. From March 12, 1857, until December 2, 1862, 
 Ben Falk remained a resident of New York. On the 
 latter date he embarked for new scenes and varied ad- 
 ventures, but with definite vocational purposes in view. 
 
 Having taken passage on the steamer “Ariel,” Mr. 
 Falk was once more on the sea, bound this time for 
 California via the isthmus. When off the coast of 
 Cuba, the vessel was fired upon and stopped by the 
 Confederate cruiser “Alabama,” from which a shot 
 was fired so close to the “Ariel” that it cut off part of 
 the mast. After being detained for three days in West 
 Indian waters, the “Ariel” was permitted to proceed on 
 its course, and after a journey of twenty-eight days 
 Mr. Falk landed at San Francisco. There he imme- 
 diately found work at his trade and a month later be- 
 came a partner in a stall in the old Metropolitan market. 
 Disposing of his interest there, he went by boat to 
 Portland, Oregon, en route to Boise, Idaho. When, 
 however, he went to Walla Walla — three hundred miles 
 from Boise — to take the stage, he found that space in 
 the coaches on the line running to Boise was all taken 
 for the next three weeks. 
 
 Mr. Falk and a companion thereupon determined 
 to set out for Boise on foot. During the first day they 
 walked twenty-five miles. Then, on the Blue Mountains, 
 they encountered snow, waist deep. That made it seem 
 advisable that they retrace their steps to Walla Walla, 
 which they did. There Mr. Falk temporarily accepted 
 a position in a meat market, where he remained at work 
 for two months. News from the gold fields of the 
 Kootenai country in British Columbia attracted him to 
 that country, five hundred miles 'from Walla Walla. 
 Fie made the journey thither, finding on his route not a 
 single house, until he reached Fisherville, his destina- 
 tion, in July of 1864. That camp was at the time very 
 rich in placer mining and there were several hundred 
 men in camp. Late in the fall, about two hundred 
 men arrived. By February the supplies which had been 
 laid in for the regular population had run so low that 
 prices became exceedingly high. Mr. Falk has seen 
 flour sell as high as one dollar per pound and potatoes 
 at nearly half that value. The winter of 1864-65 was 
 unusually long and extremely severe one. Mr. Falk 
 conducted a market in Fisherville until August, 1865, 
 when he sold out and located at Helena, Montana. 
 
 In the city of Helena Mr. Falk’s residence was short. 
 He established on Wood street a market which was 
 successfully conducted. But on April 28, 1869, a great 
 fire swept the city and one of the many buildings that 
 were burned was that of the Falk meat market. There- 
 upon his period of less than four years in Helena was 
 followed by eleven years in the great American me- 
 tropolis, the scene of Mr. Falk’s earliest experiences in 
 this country. There he purchased a meat market at 
 the corner of Third avenue and Fifty-ninth street. He 
 left New York City a second time, in July of 1881, 
 returning to Montana and settling at Butte and there 
 opening a market at East Park street. In August of 
 1883, he came to this place, which has ever since been 
 his home. 
 
 At the time of Mr. Falk’s arrival here. Anaconda 
 was a city of tents. In the first business block erected 
 on Commercial street, he established the first butcher 
 shop ever conducted in Anaconda. Here he continued 
 to pursue his habitual business activities until his retire- 
 ment a few years ago, at which time he was succeeded 
 in business by his sons, Barry and David. 
 
 Both during the years of his active business career 
 and since his retirement ten years ago, Ben Falk has 
 been prominent in the Montana Society of Pioneers, of 
 which he was in 1912 elected president of Deer Lodge 
 county. He has also taken much interest in political 
 affairs, being a stanch Republican, but has always re- 
 fused such offices of public preferment as have been 
 tendered him. His religious attitude is best expressed 
 by his endorsing and actively carrying out the prin- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1161 
 
 ciples of human conduct so compactly stated in the 
 Golden Rule. Mr. Falk is, like other pioneers, possessed 
 of a fund of interesting reminiscences of personal ex- 
 periences. While the foregoing account is but a brief 
 record of the life of a rugged and doughty pioneer, it 
 can be said of him in general that he was ever ready 
 to do his part in the preservation of law and order, 
 that he was a strong advocate of fair play and that he 
 well represents the type of citizen that the state is proud 
 to claim. 
 
 Not only has Mr. Falk’s exemplary living established 
 him firmly in the high esteem of all who know him, but 
 the wealth that has accrued to him as a result of his 
 successful business activity has added to his personal 
 prestige and influence. It is further greatly to his 
 credit to be the father of the superior family of nine 
 children that have been so creditably reared by him and 
 Mrs. Falk — nee Fredericka Gottschalk, to whom he was 
 married in New York City in 1870. The members of 
 the second generation are as follows : three sons, Barry, 
 David and Jacob, who are residents of Anaconda and 
 still members of the parental home; a daughter, Emma, 
 who is also one of the family circle at Anaconda ; a son, 
 Abraham Falk, of Livingston, Montana ; a second daugh- 
 ter, Emma, who is Mrs. W. N. McCarty of Pocatello, 
 Idaho; Rose, now Mrs. Morris Lewis of San Francisco, 
 California; and Felix Falk, unmarried, of Seattle, 
 Washington. 
 
 Messrs. Barry and David Falk, who assumed the man- 
 agement of the business interests formerly conducted 
 by their father, have in the ensuing ten years well 
 demonstrated their ability to sustain the high reputa- 
 tion already established by the house and have also 
 made evident their own energy and large business abil- 
 ity. The remainder of this review will be devoted to a 
 brief consideration of the main details in the career 
 and local status of each. 
 
 Barry Falk was born in New York City on the third 
 day of April, 1871, the first child of his parents, and was 
 about fifteen years of age when they settled in Ana- 
 conda, Montana. His schooling was begun in New 
 York City, where he concluded his education as a high 
 school graduate. In that city, too, he gained his first 
 business experience, being employed there in a whole- 
 sale hosiery and glove house a short time before the 
 family’s removal west. After locating at Anaconda he 
 assisted his father in the meat business until the lat- 
 ter’s retirement, when, together with his brother David, 
 he took charge of the business and has since been en- 
 gaged in its conduct. He is interested in all up-to-date 
 features fxossible for use in an establishment of the 
 kind the Falk Brothers’ meat market stands for. The 
 shop is fully equipped with every modern appliance es- 
 sential to that business. The proprietors have their 
 own slaughter-houses and are excellently prepared to 
 handle both their retail and wholesale trade. Mr. Falk 
 is a prominent figure in the fraternal circles of Ana- 
 conda, being a member of the Benevolent and Protec- 
 tive Order of Elks, the Order of Eagles and the 
 Modern Woodmen of America, besides being a member 
 and past president of the Sons and Daughters of 
 Montana Pioneers. In politics he is a Republican and 
 is actively interested in the work of his party. He 
 firmly believes that any individual sustains the highest 
 business efficiency by giving a just proportion of time 
 to recreation, and is himself a patron of different whole- 
 some amusements. In the way of out-door sports he 
 is especially fond of baseball and also enjoys a good 
 boxing contest. There is probably no citizen in the 
 state who holds more optimistic views of the future than 
 does Barry Falk. 
 
 David Falk, the junior member of the above-men- 
 tioned firm, was born in New York City on November 
 21, 1880. and since the age of six years has lived_ in 
 Anaconda. He is a graduate of the Anaconda high 
 school and began business activity about 1902 when he 
 
 and his brother took charge of the business which had 
 been established by their father, Ben Falk. David 
 Falk’s vim and business sagacity have made him an 
 able partner in the management of these business in- 
 terests, and he too is recognized as one of the alert 
 and progressive business men of Anaconda. His broth- 
 er’s views regarding athletic diversion are shared by 
 David Falk, who has often actively participated in base- 
 ball and football. His fraternal associations are with 
 the Order of Eagles, the Modern Woodmen of America 
 and the Order of Moose. He also is a Republican. 
 
 Consistent with their belief in a great future for 
 Montana, these young men are by their business 
 activity contributing to that end. Like their father, 
 Ben Falk, they well represent that western energy which 
 is satisfied only with large accomplishments. 
 
 Almon S. Robertson. A resident of Montana for 
 more than thirty years, during which time he has identi- 
 fied himself with the business activities of several locali- 
 ties and acted in official positions of importance and 
 responsibility, Almon S. Robertson has been closely 
 connected with the growth and development of the 
 Treasure state and is now one of the foremost resi- 
 dents of Livingston. He is a native of County Gren- 
 ville, Ontario, Canada, and was born December 12, 
 1863, a son of George Fulton and Ellen (Stitt) Robert- 
 son. His father, a native of Scotland, came to America 
 with his parents, Thomas and Ellen Robertson, pioneer 
 farming people of Ontario and later engaged in the 
 mercantile business. George Eulton Robertson learned 
 the trade of carriage maker, worked thereat for a num- 
 ber of years, eventually engaging in the manufacture 
 of carriages and wagons on his own account, and 
 becoming a well known and highly esteemed citizen 
 and the incumbent of a number of public offices. He 
 and his wife were members of the Presbyterian church. 
 Mr. Robertson passed away when only forty-four years 
 of age, but his widow, a native of County Grenville, still 
 survives, and is living in Livingston at the age of 
 seventy-seven years. They had seven children, as fol- 
 lows : Margaret, who died in young womanhood ; Ellen, 
 the wife of Perry J. Moore, now living at Two Dot, 
 Montana; Minna, the wife of H. C. Pound, of Big 
 Timber, Montana; Almon S. ; George, who married 
 Mabel Spencer and lives in Montana, where he is en- 
 gaged in the sheep and cattle business ; William, of 
 Butte, who married Miss Nagus; and Percy F., a busi- 
 ness man of Livingston. 
 
 _ Alrnon S. Robertson received a common school educa- 
 tion in the Canadian institutions, and his first money 
 was earned as a lad, when he received fifty cents per 
 day for digging potatoes. He was then apprenticed to 
 the trade of blacksmith in Brockville, Ontario, and when 
 he had mastered that vocation, started for Montana, 
 in 1881. He was able to travel by rail as far as Bis- 
 marck, North Dakota, but on reaching that point started 
 overland and eventually arrived at White Sulphur 
 Springs, where he was engaged in working at his trade 
 until 1885. From that time until 1887 he lived in Butte, 
 and in the latter year removed to Costle, where he 
 carried on a successful business until 1893. In Costle 
 he served very acceptably as city treasurer and aider- 
 man for two terms each, and after he had been a 
 resident of Livingston for about ten years, in No- 
 vember, 1902, he received the election to the office of 
 sheriff of Park county. The success with which he 
 cleared his section of the country of cattle thieves, 
 murderers and disreputable characters convinced the 
 voters that he was the right man for the office, and 
 accordingly re-elected him thereto in 1904, and during 
 his second administration his excellent record con- 
 tinued. When his term of office had closed, Mr. Robert- 
 son went back to the blacksmith business, in which 
 he has continued to the nresent time. Success attended 
 his industrious efforts, and in 1910 he embarked in 
 
1162 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the livery business, erecting a large brick feed and 
 sales barn at No. 226 South Alain street. This venture 
 has also proved a happy one, the manner in which he 
 conducts his affairs having won the entire confidence 
 and patronage of the community. In April, 1912, A'lr. 
 Robertson was the successful Republican candidate for 
 the office of alderman from the Second ward, being 
 elected for a term of two years. As in the past he is 
 discharging his duties in a capable and highly satis- 
 factory manner. He has also been prominent in fra- 
 ternal work here, being a member of Livingston Lodge 
 No. 32, A. F. & A. M. ; Livingston Chapter No. 7, R. 
 A. M. ; St. Bernard Commandery No. 6, K. T. ; Par- 
 ticular Consistory of Eastern Montana No. i, and other 
 societies. 
 
 On April 12, 1888, Mr. Robertson was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Alice E. Pound, who was born at 
 Chippewa Falls, Chippewa county, Wisconsin, daughter 
 of Albert and Sarah E. Pound, and the third of their 
 six children, of whom five are living. Airs. ^ Robert- 
 son’s father was born in New York state, but in youth 
 removed to Wisconsin, being engaged in the operation 
 of sawmills and in the general merchandise business 
 at Chippewa Falls until 1879. In that year he re- 
 moved to Meagher county, Montana, where he carried 
 on a sheep and cattle business until 1900, then returning 
 to Chippewa Falls, where he was postmaster for some 
 time. On his return to Missoula, Montana, he engaged 
 in the real estate business, but is now retired from 
 active pursuits, being eighty-one years of age. His 
 wife is deceased. He has been a prominent Republican 
 politician, and is also well known in Alasonic circles. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have one son, Almon Fulton, 
 who secured his education in the common and high 
 schools of Park county, and .graduated from the min- 
 ing engineering department of the University of Wis- 
 consin, at Aladison, with the class of 1911. He is a 
 young man with a very promising future, and at 
 present is acting in the capacity of county surveyor of 
 Park county, elected in 1912. Mrs. Robertson is a 
 valued member of the Ladies Literary Club, and the 
 family home is a center of culture and social refinement. 
 
 Patrick J. BRornY, actively identified with mercan- 
 tile and mining interests in Alontana, makes his home at 
 Butte. He is deeply interested in community affairs and 
 his efforts have also been a potent element in the 
 business progress of this section of the state. Fie has 
 with ready recognition of opportunity directed his labors 
 into various fields wherein he has achieved success and 
 he holds distinctive prestige as one of the most promi- 
 nent and popular citizens of Butte. From 1888 to 1906 
 Air. Brophy was sole owner of P. J. Brophy & Com- 
 pany, importing grocers, etc., but in the latter year he 
 retired from the more active management in order to 
 devote his entire time and attention to some gold placer- 
 mining interests he has in Lincoln county, this state. 
 
 A native of the fair Emerald Isle, Patrick J. 
 Brophy was born in County Carlow, Ireland, on the 5th 
 of August, 1855. Flis father, Thomas Brophy, was a 
 well-known farmer in Ireland, where he was born and 
 where he resided during the entire period of his life- 
 time. Thomas Brophy was born in 1808 and he lived to 
 the venerable age of seventy-two years, his demise hav- 
 ing occurred in 1879. His wife was Johanna (Walsh) 
 Brophy, whose birth occurred in Wexford county, Ire- 
 land. where she died in 1903, at the age of eighty-six 
 years. Of the nine children born to Air. and Airs. 
 Thomas Brophy three are living in 1912. 
 
 To the public schools of his native land Mr. Brophy, 
 of this notice, is indebted for his early educational 
 discipline. After completing the equivalent of a high- 
 school course in Ireland he entered upon an apprentice- 
 ship to learn the mercantile business. He came to 
 America in 1876, at the age of twenty-one years, and his 
 first year in this country was spent in Chicago, Illinois, 
 
 whence he removed to Evanston, Wyoming. He re- 
 mained in the latter place, working in a mercantile 
 concern, for the ensuing three years, at the expiration 
 of which, in February, 1881, he came to Butte. After 
 his advent in this city he formed a partnership alli- 
 ance with George H. Casey, establishing the Casey 
 & Brophy Company, which, with the passage of years, 
 has grown to gigantic proportions. Air. Casey withdrew 
 from the concern in 1888 and from that time until 
 1906 the business was conducted as P. J. Brophy & 
 Company. In 1906 the company was incorporated un- 
 der the laws of the state of Alontana, with a capital 
 stock of twenty-five thousand dollars and with an 
 official corps as follows, — P. J. Brophy, president, 
 James H. Rowe, vice president, and H. W. Johnson, 
 secretary and treasurer. Air. Brophy devotes much of 
 his attention to the operation of the Libby Placer 
 Mining Company in Lincoln county, this state, he be- 
 ing the secretary-treasurer and general manager of the 
 corporation. Inasmuch as Air. Brophy’s splendid suc- 
 cess in life is the result of his own well-directed en- 
 deavors, it is the more gratifying to contemplate. He 
 is a self-made man in the most significant sense of the 
 word and his splendid achievements in the business 
 world have won him the admiration and esteem of his 
 fellow citizens at Butte. 
 
 Mr. Brophy has been twice wed, his first union having 
 been to Miss Margaret D’Arcy, the ceremony was 
 performed at Joliet, Illinois, in January, 1893. Airs. 
 Brophy -was summoned to the life eternal at Butte in 
 1902 and is survived by three children, concerning whom 
 the following brief data is here incorporated, — Thomas 
 D’Arcy Brophy was born at Butte, in October, 1893, and 
 he is now a senior at Gonzaga College, at Spokane, 
 Washington; John A. Brophy was born in June, 1895, 
 and is a sophomore in Gonzaga College, at Spokane; 
 and Patrick J. Brophy, Jr., born in April, 1899, is atr 
 tending a parochial school in Butte. For his second 
 wife Air. Brophy married Aliss Mary E. Ryan, a native 
 of Canada. There have been no children born to the 
 second union. 
 
 In his political proclivities Air. Brophy is a stalwart 
 supporter of the principles and policies for which the 
 Democratic party stands sponsor and while he is not 
 an active politician he is deeply interested in all matters 
 tending to promote progress and improvement. For 
 eight years he was a member of the Butte school board. 
 In fraternal circles he is prominent as a Knight of 
 Columbus and he is also affiliated with the Ancient Or- 
 der of Hibernians, the Silver Bow Club and the Butte 
 Country Club. In religious matters he is- a stanch 
 Catholic, and in this faith he is rearing his children. 
 He vvas president of the Butte Business Men’s Associa- 
 tion in 1910-11, and his civic attitude is distinctly loyal 
 and public-spirited. 
 
 Samuel AIcConnell. Today more than ever before, 
 men are measured by what they accomplish. In 1881 
 Samuel AIcConnell, then a youth in his seventeenth 
 year, came to Montana to avail himself of the greater 
 opportunities the West afforded the young man begin- 
 ning an independent career. He was ambitious and had 
 that courage and energy so essential to success, espe- 
 cially so in a new country. In the interim of thirty years- 
 or more since then, his merit has won steady advance- 
 ment until today he is filling the responsible position of 
 general manager and superintendent of the Butte Cen- 
 tral Copper Alining Company, of Butte, Alontana. 
 
 Born in Ontario, Canada, November 20, 1864, Mr. 
 AIcConnell is a son of Robert and Alargaret (Car- 
 ruthers) AIcConnell. Ontario, Canada, was also the 
 nativity of his father, who was born there in 1832 but 
 who died in 1887 in Wilmington, Ohio, where his body 
 now reposes. Alargaret Carruthers was born in Edin- 
 burgh, Scotland, in 1830, and came to Canada with her 
 parents when but a child. She was married to Robert 
 
HISTORY OF AIONTANA 
 
 1163 
 
 McConnell in Canada, and she too passed away at 
 Wilmington, Ohio, her death having occurred m 1888. 
 
 Samuel McConnell received his early education in the 
 schools of Canada. While still a youth he left home 
 and first went to the state of Ohio, where, however, 
 he remained but a short time. From there he went to 
 Covington, Kentucky, where he secured a position in the 
 rolling mill of Mitchell, Trenter & Co., as an apprentice 
 to learn the machinist’s trade. In 1881, having mas- 
 tered his trade, and having heard of the opportunities 
 Montana afforded one of his vocation, he came to 
 Helena, where he was first employed in the Nettie mine 
 and later in the Whitlach mines, in ^ each case as a 
 machinist. He was thus engaged* until 1896, when he 
 secured' a position as chief machinist for the Holder 
 Hardware Company of Helena. He remained with this_ 
 company until 1906, when he resigned to take charge of 
 the Ophir mine at Butte. After a short time he was 
 placed in charge of the property of the Butte Central 
 Mining and Smelting Company, which was later sold to 
 the Butte Boston Company, which, in turn, disposed of 
 it to the Butte Central Copper Mining Com.pany, owned 
 and controlled by eastern and Canadian capitalists. 
 When Mr. McConnell took charge of this property it was 
 in an undeveloped state, as the mine was continually ac- 
 cumulating considerable water and the owners had never 
 solved the problem of how to dispose of the annoy- 
 ance. 'With characteristic determination, Mr. McCon- 
 nell in a short time had mastered the difficulty and the 
 mine became a big producer, it now being considered 
 one of the best in the Butte district. The main shaft 
 is now down to the 1,000 foot level, with numerous 
 lengthy lead tunnels, and the ore is of a high grade. 
 In 1912 the most modern and up-to-date concentrator 
 and cyanide plant for the treatment of ores in this sec- 
 tion of the country, was completed, under the rnanage- 
 ment of Mr. McConnell. The company has its offices at 
 829 South Dakota street and employs a force of 125 
 men. At the last meeting of the board of directors, 
 Mr. McConnell was promoted from the office of geneml 
 superintendent to that of general manager and superin- 
 tendent. He is also a large stockholder in the com- 
 pany. 
 
 On September 22, 1886, Mr. McConnell was united in 
 marriage to Miss Hannah C. Millikan, of Wilmington, 
 Ohio, daughter of John and Margaret C. (Himel- 
 wright) Millikan. They have three children ; Edna, 
 wife of William A. McDonald, now a resident of Brit- 
 tannia, British Columbia. She was born at Wilmington, 
 Ohio, in 1887 and attended the State Normal school at 
 Dillon, Montana ; Samuel Verner McConnell, who was 
 born at Helena, Montana, in 1903, and is now Mtending 
 the public schools of Butte ; and Montana Delight Mc- 
 Connell, who was born in Butte, in 1906. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. McConnell affiliates as a member of 
 the Masonic order, the Modern Woodmen of America, 
 the Loyal Order of Moose and the Benevolent and Pro- 
 tective Order of Elks. In political affairs he gives his 
 allegiance to the Democratic party, and in church faith 
 and membership he is a Presbyterian. 
 
 Men like Mr. McConnell do not travel successward 
 by luck, but by ability and conscientious effort, and the 
 high and responsible position Mr. McConnell holds has 
 come to him as a reward of his own well-directed ener- 
 gies. His investments have been judicious and have 
 prospered, and he is well known in the mining circles 
 of Montana. Of genial disposition and charitable in 
 his views and dealings with his fellow men, he is appre- 
 ciated by his business associates both for his ability 
 and personal character, and those same qualities render 
 him an agreeable companion in social circles. While he 
 is essentially a business man, yet he believes in a pru- 
 dent equalization of work and recreation and is fond of 
 all kinds of sport. 
 
 Gustave Theo. Nickel. One of the enterprising_ and 
 progressive business men of Butte who has achieved 
 
 success in his chosen field of endeavor through the 
 medium of his own individual efforts, is Gustave Theo. 
 Nickel, senior member of the firm of Nickel & Olden- 
 dorff, proprietors of the Old Silver Bow Buffet, at No. 
 39 North Main street. The youngest of a family of 
 nine children, his father died when he was only three 
 years old, and he was left an orphan when only fifteen 
 years of age, since which time he has made his own 
 way in the world, and stands today as an example of 
 what may be accomplished through thrift, perseverance 
 and industry. iMr. Nickel was born in 'VVurtemberg, 
 Germany, November 10, 1861, and is a son of Henry 
 and Katherine (Frederick) Nickel. Henry Nickel was 
 born February 9, 1818, and spent his life in the meat 
 business, dying in his native Fatherland in Februarj-, 
 1864. His wife was born in 1824 in Germany, and 
 brought her family to the Lffiited States in 1874, pass- 
 ing away in New York in 1876. 
 
 The education of Gustave Theo. Nickel comprised 
 five years of study in his native country and two years 
 in the schools of New York City. His first employ- 
 ment was as a Western Union Telegraph messenger 
 boy in New York City, and after spending two years 
 in that capacity went to work for Madame Rudersdorff, 
 the mother of Richard i\Iansfield, on whose farm he 
 continued to work from 1878 to 1881. In May of the 
 latter year Air. Nickel came to Butte, and here he 
 was engaged in the meat business with his brother 
 Henry until 1890, at which time he engaged in the 
 retail liquor business. This has grown to be one of 
 the leading establishments of its kind in the city and 
 caters to a large and representative trade. When the 
 Spanish-American war broke out. Mr. Nickel became 
 first lieutenant in Company F, First Alontana “Volun- 
 teers, and during the greater part of the war served in 
 the Philippine Islands. He was engaged in a number 
 of hotly contested engagements, among which was 
 Calocon, where his captain, William Hill of Helena, 
 was wounded. Mr. Nickel was mustered out of the 
 service at San Francisco, and at once returned to Butte, 
 where his business had been carried on by his partner 
 during his absence. Air. Nickel has been prominent 
 in fraternal circles, and belongs to the Sons of Her- 
 mann, of which he is treasurer and ex-grand treasurer 
 of the state; the B. P. O. E., the Eagles, and the 
 and while he has not cared for office on his own account 
 Bohemian Alaennercher. Politically, he is a Republican, 
 he has taken an active part in local matters, and 
 wields wide influence in his part of the city. He 
 resides at No. 217 North Alabama street, where he has 
 a comfortable home. 
 
 On November 30, 1889, Mr. Nickel was married at 
 Butte to Miss Mary Riehl, a native of Germany, who 
 was brought to this country as a child and settled 
 first in Peoria, Illinois. Three children have been 
 born to Air. and Airs. Nickel : Carl, born September 
 12, 1890, who is now associated with the R. G. Dun 
 Alercantile Agency; Alinnie, born in June, 1893; and 
 Isma, born July 6, 1895, who is now a pupil in the 
 Butte high school. Air. Nickel has a thriving, up- 
 to-date business and conducts it along progressive 
 lines. He may feel a pardonable degree of pride in 
 what he has accomplished, as he started out in life a 
 poor boy, with no financial aid or strong influence be- 
 hind him. An able and straightforward business man 
 ■ and patriotic and public-spirited citizen he is esteemed 
 by a wide circle of acquaintances and has hosts of 
 friends in the city of his adoption, 
 
 William G.\llick, Among the men of foreign birth 
 and breeding who have come to this country in early 
 manhood, and through their own persevering efforts 
 have worked their way upwards to places of importance 
 and influence among their fellow associates is William 
 Gallick, a well-known citizen of Butte. A son of 
 William Gallick, he was born. August 30, 1830, in Gne- 
 
1164 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 sen, Germany. His father spent his entire ninety- 
 eight years of life in the Fatherland, during his active 
 career having been engaged in business as a clothing 
 merchant. His wife, whose maiden name was Jane 
 Gumpert, died in 1842, at a cornparatively early age. 
 
 Brought up in Germany, William Gallick received 
 good educational advantages for his days. When twen- 
 ty years old he followed in the footsteps of many of 
 his enterprising countrymen, immigrating to the United 
 States, landing in New York City in 1850. In 1852 
 he settled in New Haven, Connecticut, where he met 
 the lady whom he subsequently wooed and won as his 
 bride. Going from New England to California, he 
 lived there a few years, and then located in Portland, 
 Oregon, which was his home for nineteen years, while 
 there being profitably engaged in the wholesale prod- 
 uce business. Coming to Montana in 1881, Mr. Gal- 
 lick located in Butte, becoming one of the_ pioneer 
 wholesale liquor dealers of the city, a business in which 
 he was actively employed until his retirement from 
 active pursuits, in 1908. 
 
 Mr. Gallick cast his first presidential vote for James 
 Buchanan, but has since been affiliated with the Re- 
 publican party, while in Portland having been a leader 
 in the political arena. During the Dugan administra- 
 tion, Mr. Gallick served as police commissioner. _ He 
 has been a regular attendant at political conventions, 
 and as a member of the reception committee has ex- 
 tended a welcome to every president of the United 
 States that has visited the far western states. 
 
 In 1908, Mr. Gallick was elected presidential elector 
 when W. H. Taft was nominated for president. 
 
 Mr. Gallick has always taken an active interest in 
 church affairs and has for many years been president 
 of the Congregation B’nai Israel of Butte, Montana. 
 
 Mr. Gallick married, in New Haven, Connecticut, 
 February 20, 1852, Bliimchen Mendel. Of the chil- 
 dren born of their union three survive, all being resi- 
 dents of Butte, namely; Mrs. J. G. Sternfels; Mrs. 
 Meyer Genzberger; and Emanuel Gallick. Mr. Gal- 
 lick has three grandchildren and one great-granddaugh- 
 ter. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Gallick is a member, and has passed 
 all of the chairs, of the Ancient Free and Accepted 
 Order of Masons, having attained the 32nd degree in 
 the Scottish Rite and is a Noble of the Mystic Shrine ; 
 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows ; and of the 
 Ancient Order of United Workmen, and is a member 
 of B’nai B'rith. 
 
 Reno H. Sales. To Reno H. Sales has come the 
 attainment of a distinguished position in connection 
 with the great mining industry of the state of Mon- 
 tana. His life achievements worthily illustrate what 
 may be attained by nersistent and painstaking effort. 
 He_ is a man of_ progresive ideas; although versatile 
 he is not superficial ; exactness and thoroughness char- 
 acterize all his attainments ; his intellectual posses- 
 sions are unified and assimilated ; they are his own. 
 Mr. Sales is chief geologist of the Anaconda Copper 
 Mining Company, with headquarters at Butte, where 
 he has resided since 1900. 
 
 At Storm Lake, Iowa, on the loth of September, 
 1876, occurred the birth of Reno H. Sales, who is a 
 son of Charles and Albertina (Zahn) Sales, the for- 
 mer of whom was born in England in 1835, and the 
 latter of whom was a native of Germany, where her 
 birth occurred in 1843. Charles Sales immigrated to 
 the United States in 1844 and after residing in Iowa 
 for a number of years he came to Montana, settling in 
 the vicinity of Bozeman, in 1881. He was a farmer by 
 occupation and continued to be identified with that 
 line of enterprise until the time of his demise, in Aug- 
 ust, 1910. Mrs. Sales came to America from Germany 
 in 1856 and she was summoned to the life eternal in 
 1898. at the age of fifty-five years. Reno H. Sales was 
 
 the sixth in order of birth of the six children born to 
 Mr. and Mrs. Charles Sales. 
 
 Mr. Sales, of this notice, was a child of but five 
 years of age at the time of his parents’ removal from 
 Iowa to Montana. He was reared to the invigorating 
 discipline of the old homestead farm, in the work and 
 management of which he early became associated with 
 his father. His preliminary educational training was 
 obtained in the public schools of Helena and later 
 he supplemented that training by a course of study in 
 the Montana Agricultural College, at Bozeman, being 
 graduated in the mining engineering department of that 
 institution as a member of the class of 1898. Subse- 
 quently he was matriculated as a student in Columbia 
 University, in the city of New York, and was gradu- 
 ated in that celebrated institution in 1900, duly receiv- 
 ing his degree of Engineer of Mines. Upon complet- 
 ing his collegiate work Mr. Sales came to Butte, where 
 he secured a position in the engineering department 
 of the Boston Montana Mining Company. He rer 
 mained in the employ of that company for one year, 
 at the expiration of which he entered the service of 
 the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, as assistant 
 in the geological department. In 1906 Mr. Sales was 
 made chief of the geological department and as the 
 efficient incumbent of that position he is accomplish- 
 ing remarkable results. His work carries him to dif- 
 ferent parts of the state and he is daily proving him- 
 self of more value to his employers. 
 
 While not an active participant in public affairs, Mr. 
 Sales is a stalwart Republican in his political convic- 
 tions and he gives freely of his aid and influence in 
 support of all measures and enterprises advanced for 
 the good of the general welfare. He is affiliated with 
 the Silver Bow, Butte Country Club. In religious 
 matters he and his wife are devout communicants of 
 the Protestant Episcopal church, in the various depart- 
 ments of whose work they are most zealous factors. 
 In connection with his work Mr. Sales is a valued 
 and appreciative member of the Arnerican Institute of 
 Mining Engineers, the Montana Society of Engineers 
 and the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America. 
 Mr. Sales is exceedingly fond of all out-door sports 
 and it may be said concerning his popularity that the 
 circle of his friends is coincident with that of his 
 acquaintances. 
 
 At Keokuk, Iowa, on the 6th of July, 1909, was sol- 
 emnized the marriage of Mr. Sales to Miss Lorene 
 Townsend, a daughter of J. W. Townsend, one of the 
 early pioneers of Montana. Mr. Townsend is now 
 engaged in the general merchandise business at Keo- 
 kuk, Iowa, where he has resided for many years past. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Sales became the parents of one child, 
 Mary Townsend Sales, born on the 8th of May, 1910, 
 and died February 18, 1911. The Sales home at Butte 
 is a center of refinement and generous hospitality and 
 Mr. and Mrs. Sales are very popular in connection 
 with the best social activities of the city. 
 
 Charles J. Schatzlein. It would be difficult to make 
 any intelligent estimate of the value that has accrued 
 to the state of Montana, and particularly to the city of 
 Butte, as a direct result of the life and works of the 
 late Charles J. Schatzlein. An artist of exceptional 
 ability, he gave his attention to the portrayal of west- 
 tern life and scenes, and in the wide-spread popularity 
 which his productions have enjoyed throughout the 
 country, the great Treasure State has never been the 
 loser. Indeed, his work has done more to correct 
 erroneous ideas of Montana than either the press or the 
 people, the accuracy of his portrayals being their most 
 salient feature. For thirty years a resident of Butte, 
 he was known and loved by the people most understand- 
 ingly. His acquaintance in that city dates back to_ the 
 time when he arrived there, penniless but ambitious, 
 and Butte has watched him evolve from the status of a 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1165 
 
 paper-hanger and decorator to an artist of national 
 fame. His life was a model of gentleness and virtue, 
 and his death, which occurred on the 17th of_ August, 
 1911, was felt as a distinct loss in every home in Butte. 
 He will not soon be forgotten and his work will never 
 die. 
 
 Born in the town of Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, on 
 January 21, 1857, Charles J. Schatzlein was the son of 
 John Schatzlein, a native of Germany, born there in 
 1834. He came to America as a young man and set- 
 tled in Pennsylvania, carrying on a merchant-tailoring 
 business. He died in 1906, on the 17th of August. He 
 was married to Fredericka Saunders, born in Ger- 
 many in 1842, who came as a child to America with her 
 parents and was reared in Pennsylvania. She passed 
 away in January, 1896, in that state where she had been 
 reared and where she had passed her worthy life. 
 Charles, their son, was educated in the public schools 
 of the town of his birth, and after leaving school he 
 was apprenticed to learn the paper-hanging and dec- 
 orating business at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He com- 
 pleted his term of apprenticeship, and was regarded as 
 a finished workman and artistic decorator by all._ His 
 ambition was to see the western country, and without 
 waiting to earn sufficient money to bring him to Mon- 
 tana, he set out courageously, and made his way across 
 the country as best he might with his slender purse. 
 To “tramp it” was no hardship to him with his blithe 
 spirits and his ardent love of the beautiful out-of- 
 doors, and when necessity made that mode of traveling 
 expedient, he cheerfully accepted it and the joys of the 
 road more than repaid him for any possible inconven- 
 iences he might have suffered. From Baltimore to Rea 
 Rocks he came by rail, and from the latter named place 
 he started by wagon across the plains of Montana, 
 reaching Black Foot' on April 8, 1881 ; from that point 
 he came by stage to Butte, arriving on the loth of 
 April, 1881. The mining industry in Butte was at its 
 height at that time and the customary industrial boom 
 was on. Charles Schatzlein could not remain idle for 
 long with his slender purse, and the cost of living was 
 phenomenal in the new camp. His determination to 
 start something on his own responsibility resulted in his 
 opening a small paper-hanging shop, and he conducted 
 a decorating business with excellent success for some 
 time. The business expanded sufficiently for him to 
 require help and he took a partner, — none other than 
 ex-Governor Reickerts of Montana, and they carried on 
 a growing business for a number of years. Finally 
 Mr. Schatzlein bought out the interest of his partner 
 and continued with the business alone. In the mean- 
 time, the growing demands of the business, had made 
 expedient a succession of moves into larger quarters, 
 his last move being the present location of his shop on 
 Broadway. During all these years the latent artistic 
 talent of the man had been fostered and encouraged, 
 and he had been giving a deal of his time to studies and 
 to the production of his earlier work in this line. He 
 always took for his subjects western scenes, never 
 varying from that idea in his productions, even in later 
 years when he had gained a degree of prominence in 
 art circles. The early history of the west was a par- 
 ticularly attractive type with him and his work has been 
 regarded as the most accurate portrayals of any of the 
 modern artists. He was the contemporary of Charles 
 M. Russell, the well known cowboy artist, whose work 
 is recognized throughout the country, and they were 
 close friends from the time of Mr. Schatzlein’s arrival 
 in Montana. The productions of Mr. Russell’s brush 
 are on exhibition at the place of business of Mr. 
 Schatzlein in Butte. 
 
 Mr. Schatzlein was always interested in the civic wel- 
 fare of Butte, and unlike many men of artistic tempera- 
 ment, was willing to share his time with the people. 
 The unique plan of decoration of the new capitol build- 
 ing at Helena, was conceived by Mr. Schatzlein- and 
 
 while his death occurred before the work could be com- 
 pleted, his suggestions were followed and his efforts 
 were mainly responsible for the magnificent mural scenes 
 which now adorn the walls of this structure. He always 
 took a man’s place in the political affairs of the city and 
 state, and he was three times elected alderman from 
 the fourth ward of Butte, defeating John Forbis, Judge 
 John G. McHatton and John Gillie, who were counted 
 among the strongest men of the Democratic party. His 
 personal popularity was great, his friends belonging to 
 every walk of life, and had he chosen a political career, 
 the honors which would have been his would have only 
 been limited to those within the gift of his fellow citi- 
 zens. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, as 
 well as of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and 
 of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He was 
 also a member of the Silver Bow Club, and was at one 
 time president of the Business Men’s Association. 
 
 Charles Schatzlein lived his own life, he did what he 
 thought to be right, and cared nothing of what others 
 might think of his actions. No display ever influenced 
 him and nothing was more distasteful to him than 
 shams of any description. He possessed some of the 
 eccentricities of genius but these were natural to him 
 and he neyer tried to hide them nor felt any necessity 
 for apologizing for them! His word was as good as his 
 bond and no man had any keener regard for an obliga- 
 tion. His stand for what he considered right was im- 
 movable. The high esteem and love which was accorded 
 him in the city where he made his home for so many 
 years was ably voiced by the editor of the Treasure 
 State, on August 26, 1911, and it is not out of keeping 
 with the fitness of things that his heartfelt tribute be 
 recorded in this brief memoir. Here follows the arti- 
 cle : “I first met Charlie Schatzlein about four years ago. 
 I knew instinctively that I was in the presence of a 
 rare and precious spirit. Men rarely realize a new 
 friendship after forty, and yet he and I achieved this — to 
 me — most inestimable prize. It was as though I had 
 known him happily and wisely in some far off, long 
 forgotten springtime when we were both boys, or 
 gnomes, or trolls or nixies. For the prankish youth, 
 the elfin fancy, the infinite adolescence of him shone out 
 in his far-seeing eyes even yet; and not the torment 
 of disease, the agony of surgical incision or the pres- 
 ence of looming death could dim the quenchless bov- 
 light of his eyes until they closed forever. 
 
 “It is not often that one finds in the incongruous days 
 the heart of a boy, the mind of a man and the soul of 
 an artist, symmetrical, harmonious and content, in one 
 individual. And yet all these gracious endowments 
 were radiant, — vocal, — vibrant in Schatzlein. He 
 
 seemed to know something about everything that was 
 good to serve, savor or sweeten life. A poet of thought 
 and deed, but not of words, for like all deeply impres- 
 sionable and bravely prescient men, Charlie Schatzlein 
 was a man who spoke seldom, and yet with a sweet 
 gravity that gave an ultimate significance to all his 
 utterances. The very catholicity of his interests gave 
 token of the incessaiit- keen versatility of his calmly 
 inquisitive mind._ His earnest poise, his unobtrusive 
 energy, his unerring instinct for truth, his gravely happy 
 satisfaction with all the wholesome manifestations of 
 everyday life made him always an inspiring influence 
 in the affairs of men and things around him. 
 
 “I have known few men whose mental mettle, flexible 
 yet trenchant, clove so cleanly and directly to the essen- 
 tial heart of truth, nor one who cherished truth more 
 jealously. For more than twenty years Charlie Schatz- 
 lein has been the chief inspirational agent of art in 
 Montana. In the banal life of Butte, his store became 
 a studio, a conservatory, a work-shop, a home and sanc- 
 tuary for pictorial expression and he manifested a 
 trained and unerring instinct for that which is comelv, 
 ornate, harmonic and beautiful. His mind was a 
 treasure trove of beauty and he carried qualities of wise 
 
1166 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 benignance, of dynamic graciousness into politics, into 
 commerce, into public and private enterprise for he was 
 a man of many attainments and universal_ sympathies, 
 and from every facet of his singularly gifted natuie 
 shone always the warm radiance of spiritual beauty. I 
 shall not forget Charlie Schatzlein because, as many 
 must have done, I envied him when he lived and rev- 
 erence him now. His was the bookless wisdom — the 
 unwritten erudition,— the matchless nurture,— splendid 
 development,— the priceless diploma and the graduated 
 completion of a modest and gentle man.” He was in 
 art for art’s sake, and worked incessantly for the devel- 
 opment of art. This was in a new country, and while 
 not receiving the response it would have in other sec 
 tions, was not without its. good results. In years to 
 come these efforts by Mr. Schatzlein, will be found to 
 be the very foundation, as has already began to appear, 
 of art development in the state. 
 
 On the 17th of June, 1885, Mr. Schatzlein^ was mar- 
 ried to Miss Emma Martin, born in Saint Qaire, 
 Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of James Thomas 
 and Margaret (Corby) Martin, both natives of Eng- 
 land. The father settled in Pensylvania as a young 
 man coming from England and was a prominent con- 
 tractor in that state while he lived. He was a veteran 
 of the Civil war, having served in a regiment of Penn- 
 sylvania Volunteers. The mother is still a resident of 
 Truro, Massachusetts. Mrs. Schatzlein has three sis- 
 ters- Mrs W. E. Carroll, of Butte; Mrs. Horace Snow, 
 of Truro, Massachusetts, and Mrs. I. N. Congdon, of 
 Butte. Mr. Schatzlein was fortunate in his selection of 
 a wife, for Mrs. Schatzlein was an ideal helpmate, 
 herself keenly appreciative of art, and the two had 
 many tastes in common. Since his death the widow^ has 
 ably managed the estate with its business connections, 
 giving her personal attention to various details, with a 
 skill and vigor which would reflect credit upon almost 
 any veteran of finance. 
 
 Ralph H. Bemis. Well known in Montana is Ralph 
 Bemis, U. S. commissioner, who is one of the interested 
 principals in the ownership and management of Xht Belt 
 Valley Times and in other ways is prominently iden- 
 tified with interests in his section of the state. 
 
 Mr. Bemis is of Irish and Scotch descent and on 
 both the paternal and maternal sides has sprung from 
 old American families, as the Bemis family was estab- 
 lished here a number of generations before the Revo- 
 lution, by Irish emigrants, and his mother’s people, the 
 Nevens, were Scotch settlers in New England long 
 prior to the conflict that established us a nation. 
 
 Ralph H. Bemis was born in Worcester, Massachu- 
 setts, August 19, 1861. His father was Horace C. Bemis 
 and his mother was Harriet Nevens prior to her mar- 
 riage. Horace C. Bemis was a native of Vermont and 
 for a number of years was a shoe manufacturer in the 
 east prior to his removal to Minnesota about 1871. 
 There he followed farming until about 1890 when he 
 retired from active life and became a resident of Osh- 
 kosh, Wisconsin, where he died in 1893 at the ad- 
 vanced age of ninety-three. He was one of the Union’s 
 brave defenders during the Civil war, his service having 
 been as a member of Company A, First Massachusetts 
 Heavy Artillery. His marriage to Harriet Nevens 
 
 took place in Boston, though she, too, was a native of 
 Vermont. They were the parents of three children, 
 of whom Ralph H. was the youngest. Mr. Bemis at- ' 
 tended the public schools of Manchester, New Hamp- 
 shire to the age of thirteen, and after leaving school 
 spent two years on his grandfather’s farm in Vermont. 
 In 1878 he joined his father in Minnesota, but after 
 one year on the farm there he took up the life of a 
 sailor on Lake Superior and followed it a couple of 
 seasons. Next he joined the lumber camps in the 
 pineries of northern Wisconsin where he worked about 
 
 one year. From there he came to Montana, arriving in 
 the spring of 1881 and settling first in the Yellowstone 
 valley. During his earlier days there he followed va- 
 rious vocations, was for a time a cowboy, then did 
 freighting, and for eight years was employed in the 
 quartz mines at Butte, Bannack City and other points. 
 In 1895 he came to Belt and purchased an interest in the 
 Belt Valley Times, which had been established the 
 year previous and which he continued to own jointly 
 with J. E. Sheridan until the company became incor- 
 porated in 1900. At that time Mr. Bemis became man- 
 ager and the principal stockholder ' in the corporation, 
 which relation he still sustains. The paper is Repub- 
 lican in its political nature and is a publication which 
 aims to advance the interests of this section of Mon- 
 tana and to aid in laying the foundations of an en- 
 lightened commonwealth. 
 
 In 1908 Mr. Bemis was appointed U. S. commissioner 
 for the district of Montana, the duties of which re- 
 sponsible distinction he continues to perform with 
 ability and fidelity. He is an ardent Republican and 
 for years has been an active and prominent participant 
 in Republican party counsels in their relation to na- 
 tional, state and local affairs. 
 
 In January, 1893, at Neihart, Montana, was solemnized 
 the marriage of Mr. Bemis and Miss Elizabeth White. 
 She is the daughter of Albert G. and Mary S. White, 
 both natives of Illinois who became early settlers in 
 Montana, locating at White Suphur Springs in 1883. 
 Three children have come to the union of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Bemis; namely: Elsie C., born at Neihart, and Harriet 
 M. and John A., both of whom were born at Belt. 
 
 From 1903 to 1908 Mr. Bemis served as trustee of the 
 Belt school board and at all times has been recognized 
 as one of that city’s most public-spirited citizens. He 
 is a member of the Belt Commercial Club, of which he 
 was also secretary from 1909 to 1912, and fraternally is 
 identified with the local lodge of the Knights of Pythias. 
 Hunting and fishing are his chief diversions in the way 
 of outdoor sports. He is a lover of good literature and 
 is also interested in the art of music, being the leader 
 of the Crescent orchestra at Belt. 
 
 George F. Brooks. Numbered among the substan- 
 tial business men of Missoula is George F. Brooks, a 
 valued and highly useful citizen, who throughout his 
 years of residence in this locality has ever taken a 
 warm interest in local progress and improvements, 
 heartily endorsing all enterprises that promise to be 
 of benefit to city or county. Of New England ances- 
 try, he was born. May i, 1858, in Boston, Massachusetts, 
 and there received his early education. His father, 
 James B. Brooks, a native of Vermont, migrated to 
 Boston when young, and was there connected with the 
 police force until his death, at the early age of thirty- 
 eight years, being then in manhood’s prime. His 
 widow, whose maiden name was Eliza Cushman, was 
 born and reared in New Hampshire. 
 
 Fitted for college in the Boston schools, George F. 
 Brooks continued his studies in Hanover, New Hamp- 
 shire, entering Dartmouth College in 1877, and being 
 graduated as a civil engineer with the class of 1881, 
 in June of that year. His record for attainments and 
 ability being especially good, he was selected from 
 among his classmates to fill the offered position of 
 .rodman with the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, 
 and came to Bozeman, Montana, where he entered the 
 employ of Colonel Dodge, surveyor for the road. At 
 the end of the season, Mr. Brooks came to Missoula 
 as topographer on location, serving in that capacity 
 under I. S. P. Weeks, who had charge of the work, 
 and has since made this city his home. For three 
 years he had charge of construction for position of 
 the Northern Pacific road in this state, and was then 
 sent to Yakima. Returning to Missoula in 1885, Mr. 
 Brooks was for two years connected with the operat 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1167 
 
 ing department of the Northern Pacific Railroad in 
 this vicinity. In the meantime he was appointed 
 county surveyor of Missoula county, and in addition 
 to his work in Missoula was employed as a surveyor 
 in Ravalli, Flathead, Lincoln and Sanders, doing gen- 
 eral surveying for the government in various places. 
 Giving up his professional work in 1889, i\Ir. Brooks 
 has since been actively and prosperously engaged in 
 the real estate and loan business, and through diligent 
 labor and wise management has acquired a goodly 
 share of this world's goods. 
 
 Mr. Brooks married. June 4, 1885, in Missoula, Fanny 
 J. Cate, a native of New Hampshire. Although not 
 a politician. Mr. Brooks takes an active interest in 
 public matters, lending his influence towards the estab- 
 lishment of beneficial enterprises. Fraternally he is 
 a member of the Ancient Free and Accepted Order of 
 Masons. 
 
 Jerry Mullins. An active and prosperous business 
 man of Butte, Montana, Jerry Mullins was born, August 
 23, 1858, in Quebec, Canada, of Irish parentage, his 
 father. Daniel Mullins, having been born and reared 
 in Ireland. The latter, who was born in County Cork 
 in 1827, immigrated to America in 1846. He first settled 
 in Massachusetts, but during the building of the Grand 
 Trunk Railway went to Canada, where he assisted in 
 the construction of that road as a contractor. In 
 i'886 he came to Butte, Montana, and was there engaged 
 in mining pursuits until his death, at the Saint James 
 hospital, on September 7, 1901, the day following the 
 assassination of President McKinley. He married, in 
 Canada, Mary Mahoney, who was born in Ireland in 
 1826, and died, January 20, 1873, in IMichigan, where 
 the family were then living. 
 
 The youngest of a family of nine children, Jerry 
 TMullins, was educated in the schools of IMarquette 
 county, Michigan, attending regularly until fourteen 
 years old. He subsequently earned his first' money by 
 driving a horse, receiving a dollar a day wages, while 
 his first permanent employment was as a day laborer 
 on the Canadian Pacific Railroad. In 1879 he started 
 out for himself alone going to Black Hills, where he 
 followed mining for two years. Coming thence to 
 Butte in 1881, Mr. IMullins continued his mining opera- 
 tions for five years, after which he made his first mer- 
 cantile venture, opening a saloon on the east side of 
 Main street, where he continued in business a year. 
 The ensuing four years he was variously emplo}-ed, and 
 from February. 1890, until 1895, was in partnership 
 with John A. Stromberg, being junior member of the 
 firm of Stromberg & Mullins. Since the withdrawal 
 of the senior member of the firm, Mr. Mullins has con- 
 tinued the business alone. He is secretary and treas- 
 urer of Tivoli Brewing Company, and is serving as 
 president of the Montana Protective Association. 
 
 _ Politically, Mr. Mullins uniformly supports the prin- 
 ciples of the Democratic party by voice and by vote, 
 and takes great interest in local affairs. He represented 
 the Sixth ward of Butte for four years in the city 
 council, two years of the time being president of the 
 council, and in 1885 and 1886 served as deputy sheriff 
 under Eugene D. Sullivan. Fraternally, Mr. IMullins 
 belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, 
 and to the Order of Eagles. 
 
 On August i_8, 1893, at Deer Lodge, Montana, Mr. 
 Mullins was united in marriage with Katharine O’Neil, 
 who was born in Michigan, a daughter of John and 
 Mary O’Neil, and their only child, IMary Leona Mullins, 
 \yas born in Butte, Montana, June 15, 1894. Mul- 
 
 lins and his family are members of the Roman Catholic 
 church, and have a pleasant home at No. 510 North 
 Galena street. 
 
 O. A. Fallang. When a man has been elected to 
 a public office for more than fourteen successive years 
 
 and holds the honor of having been chosen to fill his 
 position more times than any other official in the same 
 office in his state, it must be conceded that he has 
 proven himself eminently worthy to* discharge the 
 duties of his position. Such is the record of O. A. Fal- 
 lang, sheriff of Sweet Grass county, a man whose 
 courage and persistence have made him feared by the 
 criminal class throughout Montana. Mr. Fallang was 
 for some years engaged in a successful business, but 
 gave up his private interests to accept the call from 
 the public arena, and has given to his office the same 
 conscientious attention that characterized all his busi- 
 ness dealings. IMr. Fallang was born at Black Brook, 
 Polk county, Wisconsin, December 28, 1874, and is a 
 son of Peter O. and Marie (Olsen) Fallang, natives 
 of Norway. His father came to the United States in 
 1870, and located in Polk county, Wisconsin, where he 
 was engaged in lumbering and farming, subsequently- 
 removing to Fillmore county, IMinnesota, where he 
 served as deputy sheriff. In 1881 he came to Gallatin 
 county, Montana, where for something more than a 
 year he was engaged in lumbering, but in 1882 took 
 up a homestead at the east base of the Crazy- 
 mountains, on Otter creek. There he is still engaged 
 in the sheep business. He went into the sheep busi- 
 ness in 1^3 and has also raised cattle and horses. A 
 stanch Republican, he has always interested himself 
 in public matters, and at the time Sweet Grass county 
 was organized from a part of Park county, he 
 served as a member of the board of county commis- 
 sioners. He and his wife, who also survives, have had 
 eight children, of whom six are living. 
 
 O. A. Fallang was educated in the public schools of 
 Melville, Montana, and the IMontana Agricultural Col- 
 lege at Bozeman, where he took a course in mechanical 
 engineering. In IMay, 1898, he became a volunteer in 
 Company L, First Regiment, Montana Volunteer In- 
 fantry, which saw hard fighting in the Philippines and 
 during the Spanish-American war, IMr. Fallang partic- 
 ipating in twenty-six engagements. An efficient and 
 faithful soldier, his courage was never questioned, and 
 he earned the admiration of his comrades and the re- 
 spect of his officers. He was mustered out at San 
 Francisco, California, October 17, 1899, and on his 
 return to Sweet Grass county purchased a ranch. 
 This proved a decidedly successful venture, but in 1901 
 he sold his property, having decided that he should 
 give all his attention to the duties of sheriff, to which 
 office he had been elected in 1900. He received the 
 successive re-elections in 1902, 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910, 
 1912, with a larger majority than ever before, and has 
 made a record that should prove worthy- of emulation 
 by others holding a like position. Since January 7, 
 1901, he has made his home in Big Timber, the 
 county seat of Sweet Grass county, and here he 
 has a wide acquaintance and manv friends. He is a 
 stanch Republican, and in fraternal matters is a popu- 
 lar member of Doric Lodge No. 53, A. F. & A. M., 
 the Modern Woodmen of the World, the Knights of 
 the Maccabees, and Big Timber Lodge No. 25, Knights 
 of Pythias and Dornix Camp W. O. W. 
 
 Mr. Fallang was married December 23, 1902, to Miss 
 Susie Whitfield, who was born near London, England, 
 and for several years was a schoolteacher in IMaquoketa, 
 Iowa, and Big Timber. She died November 2, 1907, 
 having been the mother of two sons ; Eugene and 
 Kenneth. On August 2, 1911, Mr. Fallang was married 
 (second) to IMiss Sarah IM. Whitfield, who was born 
 in Iowa; she also was for many years a teacher in the 
 schools in Maquoketa, Iowa, and Big Timber, Montana. 
 
 J. IM. Keith. Our Canadian cousins may decline 
 to enter into reciprocity treaties with us, but they have 
 been more than generous in contributing to our citi- 
 zenship Missoula, like so many cities of the great 
 northwest, has drawn upon the Dominion of Canada 
 
1168 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 for men to fill the highest places in all professions and 
 all the lines of business. Their representatives are 
 found everywhere, and as they are the best of Cana- 
 dians, so they are the best of Americans. Mr. Keith 
 was born in the eastern portion of British America, 
 as New Brunswick is his birthplace. Both Lewis 
 Keith and his wife, Rebecca Blakely Keith, were born 
 in that province and ended their lives there. Our sub- 
 ject was born June 5, 1859, and received his education 
 in the public schools of New Brunswick. His father 
 was a farmer, but the son did not choose that calling. 
 Upon finishing school, he spent a few years in mercan- 
 tile business in his home town, and at the age of twenty- 
 two came to Missoula. In 1881, the city was a very 
 small place indeed. Mr. Keith was engaged in clerical 
 work for the Eddy, Hammond Company, an organiza- 
 tion which has now become the great Missoula Mercan- 
 tile Company, one of the powerful corporations of the 
 state. For seven years Mr. Keith was in charge of the 
 office of the company, but in August, 1888, he left this 
 place to become cashier of the Missoula National 
 Bank. He remained in this bank until 1910 and in the 
 twenty-two years during which he was connected with 
 it, he was responsible for much more than the mere 
 fulfillment of the duties of cashier. For a number of 
 years before he severed his connection with the bank, 
 lie was vice-president of it, and has almost entire 
 charge of its business. To the wisdom of his policies, 
 and to his discernment in choosing its investments, 
 that establishment owes a large part of its prosperity. 
 In February, 1910, Mr. Keith became president of the 
 Missoula Trust & Savings Bank, and he still holds 
 that position. His connection with this bank is one of 
 its valuable assets, for his career has been one of 
 steady advancement and unvarying success. 
 
 Mr. Keith is not a politician, but he is deeply inter- 
 ested in all matters of civic welfare, and has served 
 three terms as mayor of Missoula. His campaign did 
 not demand a great deal of his time for he was 
 selected by a citizens’ movement, and elected without 
 opposition. Fie brought to the administration of the 
 city affairs that efficiency which has made his success 
 in the commercial realm and to this was added his 
 pride and interest in all which makes for the supremacy 
 of the city and of the state. He has served on the 
 school board and on the public library board, and is 
 always ready to push any movement for the good of 
 the community. The confidence with which Mr. Keith 
 is regarded is a measure of the loyalty with which he 
 has served his fellow citizens. 
 
 In 1890, Mr. Keith was married to Miss Harriet 
 Beckwith, who is also a native of New Brunswick. 
 Her parents were Charles and Sarah Beckwith. One 
 daughter, Jennie, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Keith, 
 but died at the age of four years. 
 
 In the fraternal organizations of the city, Mr. Keith 
 is connected with the Masons, the Knights of Pythias 
 and with the Elks. 
 
 F. W. Kuphal. One of the most efficient and pop- 
 ular county officers who has ever served the public 
 here, is F. W. Kuphal, a German by birth, but a resi- 
 dent of Montana since 1881. He was born on the 3rd 
 day of November in the year 1846, his parents being 
 F. W. and Dorothy (Wegener) Kuphal, both resi- 
 dents of Germany until the time of their death. After 
 completing the thorough course in the German schools, 
 Mr. Kuphal received the benefit of the best business 
 training which Germany could furnish, and for a num- 
 ber of years was in business there, He was married 
 in 1875 to Bertha Harold and the two older children, 
 Fred and Henry, were born before the family came 
 to this country. 
 
 When Mr. Kuphal arrived in this state, he at once 
 identified himself with the various activities of the 
 community. He was engaged in mercantile business. 
 
 but this did not prevent him from taking active part 
 in all public affairs. He had a natural aptitude for state- 
 craft, and soon was recognized as a power in local 
 politics. In 1898, he was elected to the legislature, and 
 in the stirring times following this period, Mr. Kuphal 
 bore a prominent part. In 1900 he gave up his mer- 
 cantile work, and went to Butte to accept a position 
 under Senator Clarke, with whom he remained until 
 1905, as clerk in his general office in that city. When 
 the Bonner dam was constructed, Mr. Kuphal was 
 entrusted with the financial management of the enter- 
 prise, and by the time the work was completed, in I 
 1908, he had decided that Missoula, the garden city, 
 was the place he desired to live in, and, accordingly, 
 he established his domicile here. He opened a real ; 
 estate office, but before he had been many months in 
 the business, the representatives of the Democratic 
 party waited upon him, and requested him to be their 
 candidate for the office of county clerk and recorder. 
 
 He was nominated and elected by a large majority, and 
 when, in 1910, he again ran for the office, he was re- 
 turned for it with the largest majority ever given to a 
 Missoula county candidate for any office. On Novem- 
 ber s, 1912, by the biggest majority given, Mr. Kuphal 
 was elected to the state legislature from the thirteenth 
 district. 
 
 F. W., junior, is one of the men who have made a 
 reputation in musical circles in the city, and he is one 
 of the most popular performers at high class enter- 
 tainments in both Butte and Helena. At present he is 
 studying in Berlin, and previously he has been in the 
 conservatory at Leipsic. The second son, Henry E., j 
 is a mining engineer, and is as distinguished in his 
 profession as is his brother in his more artistic calling. « 
 The other brother, Herbert, is now a student in the 
 University of Montana and the two sisters, Antoinette, 
 and Elisabeth, are both married. The former is Mrs. 
 Fred Hensolt, and the latter, Mrs. W. H. Sonntag. 
 
 Mr. Kuphal is a member of a number of the fra- 
 ternal orders, including the Elks and the Sons of 
 Hermann. In the latter, he is one of the mo.st active 
 and earnest workers, and for a number of years has 
 been grand president of the society. He is keenly 
 alive to the importance of preserving to the German 
 citizens of our country those traits and customs which 
 have been the sources of strength in their native land. A 
 man of education and of culture, he is eager for all that 
 advances progress in his adopted country. The high 
 regard in which he is held as a public official is due I 
 to the capable and honorable manner in which he dis- 
 charges the duties of his office. As a man, his popu- 
 larity is not less than as a public officer, and it would 
 be hard indeed to find a higher measure of praise 
 than that. 
 
 George L. Bickle. As sheriff of Chouteau county 
 since 1909, and now serving his second term in that 
 office, George L. Bickle has given further evidence of , 
 the splendid ability as a public official which he has I 
 
 shown throughout the years in which he has served I 
 
 the county in various public capacities. As chief of 
 police of Havre for ten years, he made an adrnirable 
 record for efficiency, and previous to his election to 
 the office of chief of police he was collector of customs 
 at Havre from 1892 until the opening of Cleveland’s 
 first administration, when he resigned to assume the 
 duties of the position of chief. His life has ever been 
 a busy one, and has been marked_ with worthy progress I 
 in every line of endeavor to which he has applied his I 
 energies. As a ranchman and horse breeder he is 
 today known for one of the most capable and pros- 
 perous men in the county, and he is in every respect 
 worthy of the high esteem and generous confidence 
 which is everywhere accorded to him. 
 
 Mr. Bickle was born in Jackson county, Wisconsin, 
 on June 29, 1858, and is the son of William and Susie 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1169 
 
 (Alvord) Bickle. The father was a native of England, 
 who came to America as a boy of fourteen years with 
 his parents. He was a veteran of the Civil war, and 
 from 1870 until the time of his death made his home in 
 Kansas, where he engaged in farming. He died in 
 Beloit, Kansas, in 1909, when he was in his sixty- 
 fifth year of life. The wife and mother was born of 
 German parents. She died in 1862. 
 
 The early education of George Bickle was secured 
 in the public schools of Fayette, Iowa, and Beloit, 
 Kansas, and his studies did not extend beyond his 
 sixteenth year. He assisted his father with the general 
 farm work until he was nineteen, when he struck out in 
 life for himself. His first work was range riding. He 
 fell in with a Texas company of rangers in Kansas, 
 who were trailing a herd of cattle that were being 
 supplied to the Indian agencies at the Yankton agency, 
 and he accompanied them. In the following spring he 
 engaged in roundup work, and in the summer of 1881 
 came to Montana, where he followed the free and 
 easy life of the cowboy until 1887. His employment 
 took him through the Yellowstone district and Miles 
 City. While there he formed the acquaintance of 
 Theodore Roosevelt, becoming intimately acquainted 
 with him. In 1887 he gave up his life on the plains 
 
 and went to Fort Benton, there following various 
 
 occupations for about a year, after which he went to 
 Havre, Montana, very soon thereafter being made 
 chief of police, a position which he held for ten years. 
 He was also a constable for fourteen years in Havre. 
 In 1909 Mr. Bickle was elected to the office of sheriff 
 of Chouteau county, and is now serving his second 
 term in that position. His service during the years 
 
 when he was chief of police was characterized by his 
 
 contact with the roughest element the state has ever 
 known, but he handled the office in a manner which left 
 nothing to be desired on the part of the citizens of 
 Havre. In his experience as chief and sheriff Mr. Bickle 
 has met with the most dangerous and hardened crim- 
 inals, but in all the years of his service he has never 
 found it necessary to make an arrest at the point of a 
 gun but on one occasion. His methods are unique, but 
 effective, and his reputation as an officer of the law is 
 one which will stand any test. He is regarded as one of 
 the most efficient officers the county has known since its 
 reorganization, and his position in the regard of the 
 residents of the city and county is most secure. ^ 
 
 Mr. BicKle is a Republican in his political affiliations 
 and has always been an important factor in the interests 
 of the party since he has been a resident of the state. 
 He is a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of 
 Elks and of the Order of Eagles, both of Havre. 
 
 On April i, 1885, Mr. Bickle was united in marriage 
 at Miles City, Montana, with Miss Martha Hatfield, the 
 daughter of Mr. Hatfield, a native of Iowa. Three sons 
 and three daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Bickle. They are: Ernest, Hiram, Lamed, Bernice, Eva, 
 the wife of William McCloud of Havre, and Margaret. 
 
 Mr. Bickle is one of those men who have made the 
 best of their lives, and despite early difficulties have 
 made excellent progress in things material. His mother 
 died in his infancy, thus depriving him of the greatest 
 influence for good that might have been his, and his 
 early life was attended by many untoward circum- 
 stances. The splendid qualities of character and deter- 
 mination were, however, inherent in him, and his life 
 has been shaped accordingly, with the good results that 
 are willingly attested by all who know him. 
 
 Thomas James Bry.\n. Although now a resident of 
 California, where he is devoting his activities to fruit 
 growing and cattle raising. Col. Thomas James Bryan 
 was so closely identified for a long period of years with 
 the history of Montana that no record of the Treasure 
 State would be complete without a sketch of his career. 
 A pioneer of Custer county, whence he came in 1881, 
 
 he immediately began to e.xert his influence in behalf 
 of good government and the growth and development 
 of the community, and in public life displayed the same 
 courage and conscientious devotion to duty that marked 
 his services and gained him promotion in the Union 
 ranks during the Civil war. 
 
 Thomas James Bryan was born in Winnebago county, 
 Illinois, nine miles northwest of Rockford, the county 
 seat, in 1838, and is a son of Thomas McCune and 
 Christiana (Manchester) Bryan, the former a native 
 of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Brunswick. His 
 paternal great-grandparents were of Irish birth and 
 settled in the Keystone State at an early day, and there 
 his grandfather Bryan was born. The latter served 
 under General Washington, in the campaign of Valley 
 Forge. On the maternal side, Mr. Bryan’s grandfather 
 was John Manchester, of English parentage, born in 
 New Brunswick, where was born also his wife, Eliza- 
 beth, whose parents were Welsh. Two years before the 
 birth of Thomas J. Bryan his parents settled in Winne- 
 bago county, Illinois, and there he secured his educa- 
 tion in the public schools, subsequently spending one 
 term in the Howard Seminary, at Durand, Illinois. His 
 father was originally a Whig and later a Republican 
 in politics, and was a farmer by vocation, the youth 
 being thoroughly trained in the cultivation of the soil 
 as practiced in those days. He was sixteen years of 
 age when the family moved to Howard county, Iowa, 
 the journey being made by ox team and the Mississippi 
 river being crossed on a ferry-boat from Prairie du 
 Chien to McGregor’s Landing. Here he resided in 
 Howard county, Iowa, until 1858, when he returned to 
 Winnebago county, Illinois. It was from this latter 
 place that Mr. Bryan enlisted in the Union army, and 
 after his services, of which more will be said later, \vere 
 completed, he returned to his home and in the spring 
 of 1866 went to Harrison county, Iowa, where he en- 
 gaged in farming and railroad grading in Iowa and 
 Nebraska, with his home at Dunlap, Iowa. He em- 
 barked in the mercantile business at Dunlap in 1868, 
 but after a few years disposed of his interests therein. 
 He continued to reside at Dunlap, engaged in raising 
 thoroughbred cattle and hogs and feeding for market 
 until July, 1881, which month saw his advent in Miles 
 City, Montana, as one of the pioneers of Custer county. 
 The Northern Pacific Railroad, then being constructed, 
 did not reach Miles City until the following Thanks- 
 giving day. There he became actively engaged in the 
 early development of the section, and in 1^3, when the 
 Eastern Montana Stock Growers’ Association was or- 
 ganized, he became its first president. Subsequently, in 
 April, 1884, he became the first president of the Mon- 
 tana Stock Growers’ Association, the other officers be- 
 ing: B. F. Potts, of Townsend, Montana, first vice- 
 president ; William Harmon, of Miles City, Montana, 
 second vice-president ; and R. B. Harrison, of Helena, 
 Montana, secretary-treasurer. The executive committee 
 of this organization was composed of prominent stock 
 growers from every county in Montana and three mem- 
 bers from Dakota territory. Theodore Roosevelt, then 
 residing at Medora, was one of the committeemen repre- 
 senting Dakota territory. Mr. Bryan engaged ex- 
 tensively in stock growing, with ranches on Otter creek, 
 and still holds his stock interests in Custer county, 
 where in connection with his ranches he has also been 
 engaged in the development and distribution of water 
 for irrigation. He also engaged in the lumber business 
 and building in Miles City for several years. In 1895 
 Mr. Bryan removed to Lemon Grove, San Diego county, 
 California, where he has since resided, engaged in the 
 growing of citrus fruits. Cattle raising _ in Sonora, 
 Mexico, has also occupied a part of his attention. 
 Since residing in California, he has been a member 
 of the board of directors and a large part of the time 
 president of the Lemon Grove Mutual Water Company, 
 and at this time is vice-president of the Lemon Grove 
 
1170 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 l''ruit Growers’ Association. He is a member, and has 
 served on the directorate, of the Chamber of Commerce 
 of San Diego. He has resided in pioneer settlements 
 from I)oyhood almost to the present time, and the signal 
 services he has rendered the various communities in 
 which he has made his home cannot be overestimated. 
 
 Mr. Bryan entered the ranks of the Republican party 
 uiion attaining his majority, and was connected with that 
 oI•gani^ation until the birth of the new Progressive 
 jiarty, with which he has since been identified. He was 
 a delegate from Crawford county, Iowa, to the Re- 
 puljlican state convention at Des Moines, in 1880, and 
 in 1888 was a delegate from Custer county, Montana, 
 to the state convention held at Livingston, Montana, 
 supjiorting Harrison's nomination. At the fall election 
 of 1882, in Custer county, county commissioners were 
 elected by fraudulent returns from unsettled districts 
 and by stuffing the ballot boxes. In March, 1883, the 
 county was over $300,000 in del:)t, with nothing to 
 show for this indebtedness except a small courthouse, 
 costing perhaps one-third of that amount, and the in- 
 debtedness rapidly increasing. A number of prominent 
 citizens held mass meetings to discuss the financial con- 
 dition of the county, but did not meet with success in 
 providing a remedy for existing conditions. Mr. Bryan 
 then solicited and obtained the signatures of fifty-two 
 of tile leading business men in the community to work 
 together to bring about a better and more economical 
 management of county affairs. This committee organ- 
 ized immediately and pledged themselves to work to- 
 gether for the purpose of securing an honest and law- 
 ful administration of county affairs, and a sub-committee 
 of four persons was immediately appointed, viz., Thomas 
 II. Irvine, Judge Garlock, Benj. W. Ladd and Mr. Bryan, 
 to go before the legislature for the purpose of having 
 the fraudulently elected commissioners removed. In 
 March, 1883, this sub-committee, with the assistance of 
 Col. W. F. Sanders and Judge Blake, of Helena, went 
 before the territorial legislature during the last three 
 days of its session, and upon its representation suc- 
 ceeded in having the board of commissioners of Custer 
 county removed and an election ordered for the purpose 
 of electing a new board. This success was due largely 
 to the influence and efficient services of Colonel Sanders 
 and Judge Blake, to whom Custer county owes a large 
 debt of gratitude. A temporary board of commissioners 
 was appointed by the legislature to serve until such 
 election could be held, and consisted of William Van 
 Gasken, George M. Miles and Mr. Bryan. This ap- 
 pointed board removed the county treasurer and county 
 clerk. At the election so ordered by the legislature, 
 William Bullard, Charles W. Anderson and Mr. Bryan 
 were chosen commissioners. By its economical admin- 
 istration and by bonding the county for its indebtedness, 
 this board, of which Mr. Bryan was chairman, brought 
 its warrants up to par, where they have since remained, 
 although at the time they took charge of affairs county 
 warrants were selling at forty-five cents on the dollar. 
 
 Mr. Bryan was the oldest, and now the only one 
 living-, of five brothers who enlisted as volunteers in 
 the Federal army in the War of the Rebellion. On 
 April 21, 1861, Mr. Bryan enlisted at Rockford, Illinois, 
 in Colonel Ellsworth’s famous company of zouaves, at 
 the call of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand 
 volunteers for three months’ service. This company, 
 commanded by Captain Nevius, was placed as Com- 
 pany D, in the Eleventh Illinois Volunteers, William 
 H. L. Wallace, colonel. It served along the lower Ohio 
 rn-er and at Birds Point, Missouri, under General 
 hremont, until August, 1861, at which time Mr. Bryan 
 ^yas mustered out on account of sickness and expira- 
 tion of time. Having recovered his health during a 
 year at home,_ he again enlisted, August 6, 1862, at 
 Durand, Illinois, and was made third sergeant of the 
 company, this being placed as Company H. in the 
 Seventy-fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, 
 
 at Rockford, Illinois, and mustered into the service at 
 Camp Fuller, September 4, 1862. On account of the 
 promotion of the captain of the company, Mr. Bryan 
 was elected captain and took command of the company 
 September 8, 1862, both of the lieutenants of the com- 
 pany giving him their vote, and all of the enlisted men 
 with the exception of the orderly sergeant. He was 
 commissioned captain by Richard Yates, governor of 
 the state of Illinois, March 2, 1863, to take effect from 
 the 8th day of September, 1862, the issue of commission 
 having been dela}'ed on account of press of business 
 in the adjutant general's office. On December 21, 1864, 
 he was commissioned by Governor Yates, lieutenant 
 colonel of the Seventy-fourth regiment, Illinois Volun- 
 teer Infantry, with rank from August 3, 1864. On May 
 10, 1865, he was commissioned colonel of the same regi- 
 ment, by Gov. Richard J. Oglesby, with rank from the 
 same date. He was mustered out with the regiment, at 
 Nashville, Tennessee, June 10, 1865, in accordance with 
 instructions from the war department. 
 
 Captain Bryan served in all the battles in which the 
 regiment engaged, except the battle of Franklin, at which 
 time he was in the hospital at Nashville, Tennessee, for 
 about two weeks, that being the only time he was ever 
 absent from duty with his regiment. With the excep- 
 tion stated above, the following is a list of battles in 
 which he took part with the regiment : Perryville, Ken- 
 tucky, October 8 and g, 1862; Nolansville, Tennessee, 
 December 26, 1862; Stone River, December 31, 1862 to 
 January 3, 1863; Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 26, 1863; 
 Chickamauga, September 20, 21, 22, 23, 1863; Missionary 
 Ridge, November 25, 1863: Tunnel Hill, May 7, 1864; 
 Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, May 9, 1864; Resacca, 
 Georgia, May 14, 15, 1864: action at Calhoun, Georgia, 
 May 17, 1864; Adairsville, Georgia,- May 17, 1864; Dallas, 
 Georgia, May 25 to June 5, 1864; Pine Mountain, 
 Georgia, June 15, 1864; action at Lost Mountain. June 
 16, 1864; Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 22 to 
 June 27, 1864; Smyrna Camp Ground, Georgia, July 4, 
 1864: Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864; Atlanta, 
 July 27, to August 27, 1864; Jonesboro, Georgia, Sep- 
 tember I, 1864; Lovejoy Station, Georgia, September 2 
 and 3, 1864; Springhill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864: 
 Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864: and Nash- 
 ville, Tennessee, December 15 and 16, 1864. Besides 
 the above battles, he was with the regiment in skirmishes 
 at Lancaster, Kentucky, and in a great number in Ten- 
 nessee and Georgia. 
 
 At the battle of Stone river. Captain Bryan was 
 knocked down by a spent shell and his right hip badly 
 bruised, but he remained with his company on duty. 
 At Missionary Ridge, November 25, 1863, his regiment 
 was in the charge up the hill to General Bragg’s head- 
 quarters. This charge was on double quick time across 
 an open plain to the foot of the mountain where the 
 Union forces captured the enemy’s line of breastworks. 
 The Confederate troops fled through the Federal lines 
 towards Chattanooga, as did also those in the riflepits 
 over which the Union troops charged, and were looked 
 after by others than those in the charge. Arriving at 
 this line of works at the foot of the hill, everybody 
 being “winded,” the LTnion troops piled against the 
 works for protection from the enemy’s fire until they 
 could regain their breath. Beyond these works most of 
 the timber had been cut off, so that there were many 
 logs and stumps on the hillside between the two forces. 
 Noticing this, Captain Bryan threw off his canteen 
 and heavy cavalry overcoat and clambered through 
 the troops and over the works to an oak log a short 
 distance to the front. From that point he motioned 
 with his sword to the color-bearer, who was a little 
 to the right and still behind the works, to come for- 
 ward, which he immediately did, followed by the 
 troops, thus making the flag of the Seventy-fourth the 
 first of the brigade to cross the captured works at the 
 foot of the mountain. From this point on to the crest 
 
HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 1171 
 
 of the mountain, it was ever_v man for himself, climb- 
 ing the hill as rapidly as possible and taking shelter 
 occasionally behind the logs and stumps. Wherever 
 possible, tlie officers urged the men by word or motion 
 to press forward. There was a continuous racket of 
 musketry from both sides as well as artillery from the 
 enemy. ' In this manner the Federals gained the crest 
 of the hill and captured the enemy’s works thereon, 
 behind which the enemy’s dead were found in consider- 
 able numbers, most of them shot through the head. 
 Here, too, the flag of the Seventy-fourth was in the 
 lead in crossing the line of works, and was so reported 
 in Colonel Marsh’s report of the battle. This flag, a 
 new silk banner ■ presented to the regiment a few days 
 before by the ladies of Rockford, received fifteen bullet 
 holes during the charge. Color-bearer Charles E. Allen, 
 of Company E, had not advanced far beyond the works 
 at the foot of the hill when he was severely wounded ; 
 then Alba Miller, of Company C, took the flag and car- 
 ried it for quite a distance, when he was also severely 
 \vounded. Corporal Compton of Company D was next 
 to take the flag, and carried it to within a short distance 
 of the enemy’s works at the top of the ridge, when 
 he was shot down, mortally wounded. Fred Hensey, 
 of Company I, then took the flag and had the honor 
 of planting it on the hill within the enemy’s works. 
 In Colonel Marsh’s report of this charge and battle, 
 he complimented Captain Bryan on the part he had 
 taken in it. At the time of the Missionary Ridge battle, 
 the Seventy-fourth Regiment, Illinois Volunteers, was 
 serving in the first brigade, second division of the 
 fourth army corps. At this time the division was com- 
 manded by Gen, Phil Sheridan. General Sheridan was 
 the first general officer Captain Bryan saw after cross- 
 ing the upper line of works. Captain Bacon of Com- 
 pany G, Seventy-fourth, stepped up to fhe general and 
 placing his hand on the general’s leg (he being on 
 horseback) asked, "What shall we do now. General?” 
 The general replied : “Drive them to hell.” 
 
 Two days after the battle of iMissionary Ridge, the 
 regiment marched to the relief of Burnside at Knox- 
 ville, Tennessee. -In this vicinity the regiment wintered 
 and gathered supplies from the country, running flour 
 mills, boating down the streams and hauling by wagon 
 supplies to different points on the railroad. In this 
 work Captain Brj-an served as miller at two different 
 mills, besides directing his company’s operations in 
 bringing in supplies of wheat, corn and bacon. On Fri- 
 day of each week small grists were ground that 
 were brought in by the settlers on horseback. 
 
 The regiment participated in many skirmishes and 
 battles from Buzzards Roost, Georgia, to Atlanta, with 
 considerable loss, although not so heavy as were the 
 losses at Missionary Ridge and at Kenesaw Mountain, 
 the latter on June 27, 1864. At the last-named battle 
 the regiment sustained its greatest loss during the cam- 
 paign. Lieut. -Col. James B. Kerr, commanding the 
 regiment at that time, was severely wounded and died 
 six days after in the enemy’s camp. Adjutant Neiman 
 was also wounded. Four of the seven captains who 
 went into the charge were killed on the field, and Cap- 
 tain Bryan, being the ranking captain left, took com- 
 mand of the regiment and commanded it until mustered 
 out at the close of the war. 
 
 The day before the fall of Atlanta, the regiment was 
 engaged in tearing up railroad, and after heating the 
 rails in the center by laying the ends on ties and build- 
 ing fires under the center, wound them around tele- 
 graph poles, trees and stumps until nearly nightfall, 
 when the regiment began skirmishing and driving the 
 enemy until it was so dark that the men fell over the 
 guy ropes of the hospital tents in which the lights had 
 been extinguished. It was so dark that one could hardly 
 distinguish friend from foe. The regiment was on the 
 picket line during the night and lost thirteen men, in- 
 cluding Lieutenant Swift, taken prisoners by the enemy, 
 voi. n— 2 1 
 
 One little incident occurred that nio-ht that is interesting, 
 and will probably never be forgotten by Colonel Bryan. 
 
 Finding that the picket line had no connection on the 
 left, Captain Bryan reported the fact to Colonel Updyke, 
 commanding the brigade, who sent Captain Hatch of the 
 Seventy-fourth regiment on duty at brigade headquarters 
 to investigate and report. Captain Hatch and Captain 
 Bryan started an investigation, and going out on a 
 by-road to the left of the picket line and in front of 
 the Forty-fourth Illinois Regiment, which was building 
 earthworks by torchlight. Captain Bryan being in ad- 
 vance of the captain, stepped up to a man standing by 
 a tree with his bayoneted gun at right shoulder shift 
 and asked him if he was a sentinel from the Forty- 
 fourth. About this time he noticed two other men 
 coming towards him and getting a glimmer of light 
 from the torches at the earthworks, saw they belonged 
 to the enemy. Dropping his steel scabbard sword, which 
 he carried in his left hand, he grabbed the gun from the 
 sentinel and demanded a surrender under threat that 
 he would shoot. Captain Hatch had come up closer by 
 this time and cried : "Shoot them, captain, shoot them 
 if they don’t surrender.” They surrendered immediately 
 and with the prisoners they retired to Colonel Russell’s 
 command, the Forty-fourth Illinois, and secured a 
 guard. Captain Hatch accompanied them to head- 
 quarters and reported the conditions on the left front, 
 and soon a detail of men were sent to fill up the gap. 
 These three men had been watching the construction 
 of the earthworks by Colonel Russell, and had the ap- 
 pearance of watching for stragglers, and it was probably 
 their intention to take Captain Bryan prisoner. "When 
 questioned by General Updyke,” relates the colonel, 
 “why three strong men surrendered to one man, they 
 replied that I got the start of them.” 
 
 From Atlanta, when General Sherman started on his 
 march to the sea, the regiment moved with General 
 Thomas’ command north to protect the railroad from 
 General Hood’s forces, in order that further supplies 
 might be _ carried by rail to General Sherman, and 
 during this march a good portion of the time the 
 troops lived from supplies gathered from the country. 
 The battle of Franklin was one of the severest in which 
 the _ regiment was engaged, but its loss not so great 
 as in sorne of the other battles. With General Up- 
 dyke’s brigade, to which the Seventy-fourth belonged, 
 in reserve a short distance back of the line behind a 
 small rise of ground, they were somewhat protected 
 until the enemy broke the Union line on the turnpike, 
 at which time General Updyke’s brigade charged the 
 enemy and retook the works, fighting hand to hand. 
 
 Captain Bryan rejoined the regiment in the vicinity 
 of Nashville, and at the battle of Nashville, which had 
 been admirably planned by General Thomas and his 
 officers, his reginient and that of the Eighty-eighth 
 Illinois, both having been decimated by losses, the two 
 regiments were thrown together undH his command. 
 .A.t daylight on the morning of December 15, 1864, the 
 Union army rnoved forward on to the works of the 
 Confederates in front and made several charges, cap- 
 turing their batteries and works and driving everything 
 before them in the two days’ battle. On the second day 
 the enemy was driven to rout and the Federal troops 
 followed closely on their heels and so rapidly that a 
 portion of their field guns were dumped from bridges 
 into Duck river as they fled. The northern army moved 
 forward steadily and never hesitated on account of 
 anything in front of it, but took batteries and lines of 
 rifle pits and kept the enemy moving until they had 
 crossed the Tennessee river. Up to this time the 
 advance was almost continuously skirmishing with the 
 enemy’s rear guard. Much of the time the weather 
 was severe and the ground frozen so hard that it would 
 bear the weight of horses and vehicles. The men were, 
 scant of clothing and almost barefooted. From the 
 
1172 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Tennessee river the army turned towards Huntsville, 
 Alabama where it went into winter quarters, for the 
 winter of 1864-65. At Huntsville, under orders of the 
 division commander, camps were laid out, each regiment 
 having a street to itself, and here were also built fine 
 log cabins, each cabin to contain four men, and having 
 a fireplace for heating and cooking purposes. The 
 cabins were covered with "pup-tents” which the ^ 
 had carried for shelter during stormy weather. “The 
 chaplain of the regiment, E. F. Pettibone,” relates the 
 colonel, "rendered splendid service as a worker and 
 builder of these cabins, and the officers and men worked 
 as they had fought.” When the camps of the division 
 had all been completed, the Seventy-fourth Regiment 
 was complimented by the division commander in a 
 general order, as having built the best camp in the 
 division. There they remained until March, when they 
 were ordered to Blue Springs in eastern Tennessee, 
 where the regiment was engaged in rebuilding the rail- 
 road which the enemy had torn up. Here Captain 
 Bryan had charge of daily details of about eight hun- 
 dred men to make ties for the road, and it was at this 
 point that the regiment was stationed at the time of 
 General Lee’s surrender to General Grant and the 
 assassination of President Lincoln. Upon the receipt 
 of the news of General Lee’s surrender, there was a 
 great jubilee in the evening, and the troops could not 
 be prevented from firing a large amount of their amrnu- 
 nition. With the news of Lincoln’s death following 
 closely, the camp of rejoicing was turned into mourning; 
 no other experience of war had caused such general 
 gloom. 
 
 Upon Col. Jason Marsh’s retiring from the army by 
 resignation on account of his wounds, he recommended 
 to Governor Yates, Captain Bryan for promotion to 
 the head of the regiment over the major, who was then 
 and had been for some time on detached duty. On the 
 day before the battle of Nashville, Captain Bryan rode 
 to Nashville in company with Chaplain Pettibone, and 
 upon their return Adjutant Potter notified Captain 
 Bryan that a letter had been received from Captain 
 Blakesley, who was on leave of absence and had visited 
 Springfield and talked with the state officers in regard 
 to promotions in the regiment, in which it was stated 
 that the governor and adjutant general did not wish to 
 promote one officer over another without the recommen- 
 dation of the line officers then with the regiment, but 
 would appoint such officer as might be recommended 
 by a majority of the officers of the regiment. The 
 adjutant further notified Captain Bryan that they had 
 already held an election and had elected him unani- 
 mously for such promotion and had forwarded the result 
 of the election to the adjutant general of Illinois, and 
 he received his commission as lieutenant colonel on 
 arrival at Huntsville, Alabama, and later received his 
 commission as colonel. 
 
 On July 4, 1868, at Dunlap, Iowa, Colonel Bryan was 
 married to Fannie A. Bishop, daughter of Benjamin 
 B. and Mehitable Bishop, pioneers of Iowa, residing at 
 that time on a farm near Dunlap. Miss Bishop was 
 educated in the common schools of Wisconsin and had 
 taught school for a time. Always a lover of animals, 
 she became m later life proficient in the art of painting 
 them, particularly cattle and horses. She died Septem- 
 ber 21, 1904, at Lemon Grove, California, at the age of 
 fifty-seven years, having been the mother of one child : 
 Mary A., born in 1869, who died in infancy. Mrs. 
 Bryan made many friends wherever she resided, and 
 had been an affectionate and faithful wife for thirty-six 
 years. She_ was a consistent Christian and a member 
 of the Baptist church. 
 
 On October 25, 1905, Colonel Bryan was married to 
 Miss Eveleen Kennedy, daughter of Cornelius and Mary 
 Ann Kennedy, during their lifetime well-known resi- 
 dents of Delaware county, Iowa, having for many years 
 
 resided on a farm near Colesburg, Iowa. Mrs. Bryan 
 was educated in the public schools of Delaware county 
 and at Lenox College, at Hopkinton, Iowa. She taught 
 school for a time and then became a stenographer, the 
 latter profession leading to the study of law, which she 
 pursued for some time, followed by her admission to 
 the bar of Montana, in which state she practiced for 
 several years at Miles City. In 1905 she was admitted 
 to the bar of California, and began the practice of her 
 profession at San Diego, which she discontinued at the 
 time of her marriage and has not since resumed it. She 
 was a charter member of Custer Chapter No. 25, Order 
 of the Eastern Star, at IMiles City, Montana, and is a 
 past matron of that chapter. She also’ takes an active 
 interest in church work and women’s clubs. Colonel 
 and Mrs. Bryan have one son, Thomas James Bryan, 
 Jr., born January 28, 1908, who was received into their 
 home June 15, 1908, and legally adopted by them June 
 15, 1909. They reside in their beautiful home, “Casa 
 Coronelia,” at Lemon Grove, where they entertain many 
 Montana friends. 
 
 George L. Williams. Nearly forty years ago, a young 
 New Englander, inoculated with the desire for the West, 
 crossed the North American continent to find for him- 
 self whether it was all his imaginings had painted it, 
 and roseate as are the dreams of youth, he found them 
 to have been true. In other words, he followed the 
 celebrated advice of Horace Greeley, “Go West young 
 man, and grow up with the country.” He is to be 
 found today a worthy, progressive and generally re- 
 spected citizen of White Sulphur Springs. He is typ- 
 ically Western — democratic, independent, honest, enter- 
 prising — popular with the law-abiding, feared by those 
 whose business takes them into devious ways, for he is 
 serving his third term as sheriff, and Meagher county 
 has never had a more effective and faithful enforcer 
 of the laws. The offender against the rights of society 
 remembers uncomfortably that when George L. Williams 
 starts after a man he gets him. In addition to his 
 praiseworthy service in this most difficult and important 
 of public capacities, Mr. Williams is interested in 
 ranching and owns a fine property, and is familiar with 
 the natural resources of the state as are few men. 
 
 Mr. Williams was born in West Stockbridge, Massa- 
 chusetts, February 7, 1861. He resided in the locality 
 of his birth until about the age of sixteen years, and 
 then started forth to seek his fortunes. He tarried in 
 Michigan for about six months, pursuing various occu- 
 pations and went from that state to Wyoming. There 
 for one year he herded horses and then came on to 
 Montana, reaching the state in 1881. He secured work 
 herding cattle again and engaged in this life for about 
 a decade, after which he embarked in cattle-raising 
 and ranching for himself and he has followed this 
 continuously ever since that time. He has prospered 
 in marked degree and is now one of the large opera- 
 tors of Meagher county. He is known throughout the 
 length and breadth of the county and has contributed 
 in marked degree to its development. 
 
 Mr. Williams is the son of Lorenzo Williams, who 
 was born in Connecticut and made his home in that 
 state until the outbreak of the Civil war. He was one 
 of the gallant host who offered their services to their 
 country in its hour of need, serving three years in 
 the great conflict and losing his left eye in an engage- 
 ment, after which he was honorably discharged. After 
 the termination of hostilities, he located in Massa- 
 chusetts, where he resided until his death, 1912. This 
 much respected gentleman was in his younger days a 
 wheelwright, but has followed farming throughout the 
 greater part of his life, and was retired from the more 
 strenuous activities of life. His cherished and devoted 
 wife and life companion was before her marriage Jennie 
 Lyons, and her demise occurred in June, 1911, at the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1173 
 
 age of seventy-three years. Both their remains are 
 interred near the old Massachusetts homestead. There 
 were six children in the elder Williams family, the 
 subject being the second in order of birth and the 
 eldest son. He has one brother in this state, Ira I. 
 Williams, who resides on a ranch in Meagher county. 
 
 Mr. Williams received ■ his early education in the 
 schools of the Bay state. He disciplined his young 
 strength to the labor of his father’s farm and became 
 very familiar with the many departments of agriculture. 
 He earned an occasional small amount working for 
 neighbors and always gave this money to his father. 
 
 In his political faith Mr. Williams gives hand and 
 heart to the Democratic part)-, which he has supported 
 since his earliest voting days. He takes an active in- 
 terest in matters political and his support is deemed a 
 very material acquisition. He was under sheriff for four 
 years previous to his election to the main office. He 
 was also sheep inspector at one time and has been a 
 member of the school board. As sheriff he has had 
 some wonderful experiences and has made many note- 
 worthy arrests. One particularly important was that 
 of the notorious outlaw Metzger, whom the subject, 
 assisted by only one man, brought to bay in the moun- 
 tains and landed him safely behind the bars. jMetzger 
 was tried, convicted and hanged. In fact, the sheriff’s 
 strenuosity in the performance of his duties is said 'to 
 have a noticeable and salutary effect upon morals in 
 the county. 
 
 Mr. Williams leans towards no particular church, 
 but believes that all are working towards the same 
 good end and is glad to give all what help he can. 
 He is a prominent and popular fraternity man, belong- 
 ing to the Masons, the Odd Fellows and the Knights of 
 Pythias. In Oddfellowship he has twice passed the 
 chairs. Mr. Williams is wholesomely inclined towards 
 out-of-door life, is a renowned follower of Nimrod 
 and equally fond of fishing. His home is adorned with 
 a number of fine heads which he secured himself in 
 the hunt. He loves the great American game — baseball, 
 delights in horses and driving and always keeps some 
 fine stock on hand. He owns a nice private library, 
 well-selected and high class, and well enjoys a quite 
 hour therein. He is one of the most loyal of the citi- 
 zens of Montana, believing it the very garden spot of 
 the world. Said he, apropos of this subject, “I have 
 seen Montana go through various stages of develop- 
 ment and am fully convinced that it is the best state 
 in the Union.” With Montana the lines are appro- 
 priate, 
 
 “None knew thee but to love thee, 
 
 None named thee but to praise.” 
 
 Mr. Williams was happily married in Meagher county 
 on his ranch, the date of his union being October 29, 
 1895, and the young woman who promised to share 
 his fortunes thereafter being Effie Smith, daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Fielding R. Smith, of Quincy, Illinois. 
 They have two interesting children, both sons, as fol- 
 lows; Earl and Fulton. Ira, the eldest son, died 
 Alarch 29, 1903. 
 
 Patrick Fenton Dowling. Among the men who 
 began their careers at the bottom of the ladder in Mon- 
 tana and have since attained independence in material 
 circumstances _ and distinction as citizens, one whose 
 name is familiar to hundreds of the mining men of the 
 state, is Patrick Fenton Dowling, of Basin. 
 
 Born in Redfield, Oswego county. New York, on the 
 5th of November, 1861, and educated in the public 
 schools there, at the age of twenty he came west and 
 located in Butte, December, 1881. His first dollar was 
 earned by shingling a barn for old Billy Thompson at 
 Butte. He also did teaming and various other kinds 
 of work, and then began working' at day wages in tiie 
 Alta mine. From this time his progress was steady and 
 
 sure. He 'vvas made superintendent, of the Daisy Min- 
 ing Company's properties at Cook City, then became 
 manager of the Bonanza Chief mine, and later leased 
 this property. In 1907 Mr. Dowling bought from W. A. 
 Clark the Ruby gold and silver mine in Jefferson county, 
 twelve miles from Basin, the purchase price being 
 seventy-five thousand dollars. This mine has been a 
 great producer and has made its owner independent. 
 Under Mr. Dowling’s management the mine has been 
 finely equipped, and he resides during the greater part 
 of the year near enough to give his personal direction 
 to the enterprise, having a pleasant home at Basin. He 
 is also owner of valuable city property in Helena. Mr. 
 Dowling is a director of the Montana Life Assurance 
 Company. 
 
 In 1908 he was honored by election to the stare legis- 
 lature, and served one term. In politics he is a Demo- 
 crat. Fraternally his affiliation is with the Masons, of 
 which he is past master, and the Odd Fellows, in which 
 he is a past grand. 
 
 Mr._ Dowling’s wife was, before her marriage. Miss 
 Maggie B. 'Wells. Her father, Luke F. Wells, was 
 among the pioneers of California.. Seven children were 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Dowling: Irene D., who is a 
 
 graduate of high school and business college; Amy D., 
 a student in high school ; Eugene ; Edna ; Lelia ; George ; 
 and Ernest. 
 
 The father of Air. Dowling was Michael Dowling, a 
 native of Ireland, and who for many years was a sub- 
 stantial farmer in Redfield, Oswego county. New York, 
 where he is buried. ' The mother was Mary Cavanaugh, 
 who was born in New York and is still living on the 
 old home farm in that state. 
 
 John AIartin Seaman. Although a native of North 
 Dakota, John AIartin Seaman, of Livingston, has spent 
 practically his entire life within the limits of Alontana, 
 for he came to this state when but five years of age, 
 and still remembers the trip up the Yellowstone river 
 on a wood-burning steamer. He is now one of the 
 prominent and successful business men of Livingston, 
 being proprietor of a first class pharmacy in the post 
 office block, and has also joined in activities of a public 
 and social nature. Air. Seaman was born August 12, 
 1876, in Valley City, North Dakota, and is a son of Peter 
 and Julia (Pursell) Seaman. His father was a native 
 of Berlin, Germany, whence he came to the United 
 States as a young man, and drifted to Alinnesota. 
 Later he located in Barnes county. North Dakota, and 
 at one time owned the land on which now stands the 
 city of Valley City, with 4,606 population. He engaged 
 in railroad contracting on the Northern Pacific, along 
 the line into Alontana, and came to Clark City, now 
 Livingston, Alontana, in 1881. For some years he was 
 engaged in farming and stock raising, and also built 
 the first lime kiln in Park county in 1888. For a time 
 he resided in Anaconda, but eventually returned to 
 Livingston, engaging in the bakery and confectionery 
 business for about five years and then locating in Butte. 
 In addition to being the owner of considerable real 
 estate in Butte, he continues in the cattle business, and 
 has a large ranch near Boulder. He is a stanch Repub- 
 lican in politics, and was the first postmaster of Valley 
 City, while his religious belief is that of the German 
 Lutheran church. His wife, a native of Ireland, passed 
 away in 1900. 
 
 John AIartin Seaman was the only child of his par- 
 ents, and although he was but a mere child, well re- 
 members the trip made by the family in 1881. They 
 traveled as far as they could by rail, to Bismarck, 
 North Dakota, then going up the Yellowstone river on 
 an old wood-burning steamer to the present site of 
 Aliles City, and moving on to Clark City, now known 
 as Livingston, In the public schools of the latter place,. 
 
1174 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ^Ir. Seaman secured his early education, and this train- 
 in^r was supplemented by attendance at Northwestern 
 University, Chicago. Graduated in the pharmaceutical 
 class of 1898, he returned to Livingston and engaged 
 in business, and has built up an excellent trade among 
 the people in whose community he has spent almost 
 all of his life. He has a well-conducted establishment, 
 with every department complete, and numerous con- 
 veniences for his large patronage. Added to a natural 
 gift for his profession, he is possessed of progressive 
 ideas, business ability, and a pleasant and courteous 
 manner that has drawn to him many friends. His 
 popularity was evidenced in 1906 when he was the suc- 
 cessful Republican candidate for the office of alderman 
 of the Second ward. In fraternal matters Mr. Seaman 
 has associated himself with Livingston Lodge, B. P. 
 O. E. : Zephyr Camp No. 151, W. O. W., and other 
 societies. 
 
 In 1901, Mr. Seaman was married to Miss Agnes 
 Main, who was born in Scotland, a daughter of James 
 and Margaret Main, the former of whom died in 1910, 
 while the latter survives. Mrs. Seaman is the fourth 
 in order of birth of her parents’ five children. She 
 and her husband have had six children: John Martin, 
 
 Ir., James who died in infancy, Aline Helen, Richard, 
 Donald and Julia Elizabeth. 
 
 Ex-Mayor William C. Whipps. A man of versatile 
 attainments and of superior distinction in Kalispell and 
 extensive surrounding regions is William C. Whipps 
 whose history is one of especial interest. He is of Eng- 
 lish ancestry in early generations. His great-grand- 
 father. Beniamin Whipps, a former slave-owner in 
 Maryland, was among the very first white men to set- 
 tle in Ohio. His father, Lloyd Whipps, also a native of 
 Mai'yland and an Ohio pioneer, began life as a farmer 
 but later became a hardware dealer. He was a Civil war 
 veteran in an Ohio regiment and served with distinction 
 ■during the Rebellion. Louise Grant Whipps, the mother 
 ■of our subject, was a Virginian by birth, but was living 
 in Ohio at the time of her marriage, her family also 
 being among the earlj^ settlers of southern Ohio and 
 remotely connected with the family of General Grant. 
 Mr. Wliipps died in 1902 at the age of 81, and Mrs. 
 Whipps in 1865. Of their nine children William C. was 
 the fifth. 
 
 He was born near New Lexington, Perry county, 
 Ohio, on the 30th of August, 1856. His education con- 
 sisted of the courses of the public schools of that 
 place and some study in the high school. When fifteen 
 years of age he went to Oberlin College and took a 
 year's course in the commercial department and inci- 
 dentally learned telegraphy. Returning home, he re- 
 mained' but a few months but left in 1872 for Nebraska 
 which was at that time in the far west. He soon se- 
 cured employment by the Union Pacific Railway and 
 was sent to McPherson as operator. This place was 
 located at the junction of the North and South Platte 
 rivers and Fort McPherson was but a few miles away. 
 Here a large garrison was maintained and this place 
 was the home of Buffalo Bill (W. F. Cody), Texas 
 Jack (Jack Omohondro) and Dr. W. F. Carver, the 
 rifle shot. Mr. Whipps here became the intimate friend 
 of all of these celebrities and soon was dubbed “Buf- 
 falo Bill, Jr.,'’ and was known by this appellation for 
 several years afterwards. Fort McPherson was on 
 the extreme frontier, and in the midst an Indian coun- 
 try (the Pawnees, Sioux and Cheyennes) and the cen- 
 ter of the buffalo region. The little town where the 
 railroad station was located was peopled mostly by 
 “bad” men, gamblers, horse-thieves and murderers, and 
 Indian massacres of small white parties were of fre- 
 quent occurrence. Mr. Whipps was the subject of 
 several exciting adventures while located at this place 
 and other places _ farther west where he was later lo- 
 
 cated. Space will not permit of their telling here. 
 In 1875 he had been transferred to Sidney, Neb- 
 raska, an important division point. Here also bar- 
 racks were maintained and a regiment of soldiers kept. 
 Always alive to opportunities of profit and adventure 
 it was here that Mr. Whipps resigned his position with 
 the railway company and joined a little party of five on 
 an expedition into the Black Hills, over 200 miles away 
 and in the midst of the Sioux and Cheyenne reservation, 
 a most hazardous undertaking. The Indians, though 
 not on the war path at that particular time were hostile 
 and exceedingly averse to white men entering or com- 
 ing upon their reservation, especially the Black Hills. 
 Every pass and every trail were watched by them and 
 the military also had instructions not to permit white 
 men to enter the hills or go upon the reservation. 
 Aware of this the little party of five stole out of Sidney 
 at one o’clock in the morning of June 26, 1875. Travel- 
 ing mostly by night and keeping hid during the day 
 and undergoing many hardships and dangers, the 
 party finally reached the hills and enteced them and 
 arrived at French Creek near Flarney’s Peak on July 
 16, 1875, being the first party to arrive there. Two or 
 three other parties, one from Yankton, one from Pierre 
 and one from Sioux City arrived soon after. Going on 
 to Spring Creek the party located claims and com- 
 menced work on them. Hardly had the party gotten 
 started in active operations when, on the 29th day of 
 July General Crook issued a proclamation ordering all 
 miners and other white men out of the Hills, giving 
 them until the loth of August to vacate and get out. 
 If found in there after the date mentioned they were 
 to be made prisoners and taken to Ft. Laramie. As Gen- 
 eral Crook had a large command in there at that time 
 there was no recourse but to obey his proclamation. 
 After dividing their supplies with others who had run 
 short, the little party started on its return to Sidney 
 and were reduced to starvation rations before arriving 
 there, having nothing left for several days but a little 
 flour. Thus summarily ended what might have been a 
 profitable episode for Mr. Whipps and his party. Arriv- 
 ing at Sidney Mr. Whipps again entered the services of 
 the LTnion Pacifific Railway as agent and operator and 
 was located at North Platte and later other places in 
 Nebraska and Wyoming and for a time as train des- 
 patcher at Cheyenne. Desiring a change Mr. Whipps 
 applied for and secured a position as express messenger 
 on the Union Pacific road and for a time was located 
 in Omaha, Denver and later in Ogden and Salt Lake, 
 in the spring of 1881 Mr. Whipps severed his connec- 
 tion with the Express Company and went to Dillon, 
 Montana, the then terminus of the Utah & Northern 
 Railway, the first railroad to enter Montana, and accept- 
 ed a position with the firm of Sebree, Ferris & White 
 who were engaged in merchandising, banking and for- 
 warding of freight. Mr. Whipps’ position was with the 
 Forwarding department and he soon rose to be the head 
 bookkeeper and cashier of this department. The Forward- 
 ing house and business was moved from terminus to 
 terminus until the railroad reached Butte in the winter of 
 1881-2. Mr. Whipps then returned to Dillon and re- 
 mained in the employ of the same firm and on January 
 3, 1883, was sent to Livingston, Montana, the then ter- 
 minus of the Northern Pacific Railroad, to establish a 
 forwarding business there. He managed this forwarding 
 business and moved from terminus to terminus until the 
 road reached Helena in the summer of 1883. He then 
 severed his connection with Sebree, Ferris & White and 
 accepted a position with the Merchants National Bank 
 of Helena. He remained with this bank until the spring 
 of 1891, having been advanced from bookkeeper to teller 
 and the practical management of the bank in the mean- 
 time. He left Helena on the 17th of March. 1891, for 
 Demersville, the then metropolis of the Flathead coun- 
 try and arrived there on the 19th of March. He there 
 

 
 
 •0 ■ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1175 
 
 organized and started the Northwestern Bank of Dem- 
 ersville which was the first bank to be started in what is 
 now Flathead county. A little later he organized and 
 started the First National Bank of Kalispell and erected 
 the first brick building to be erected in Kalispell for the 
 occupancy of the bank. He was its cashier and manager 
 until 1898 when he severed his connection with it to 
 accept the receivership of the United States Land Office, 
 which position he held for over five years, capably dis- 
 charging the duties of the office. Mr. Whipps next ven- 
 ture was in the mercantile line which he has since fol- 
 lowed and today he is the owner of one of the largest 
 and handsomest furniture and house furnishing stores 
 in Montana, conducted under the firm name of W. C. 
 Whipps & Son. In 1904 Mr. Whipps erected the 
 “Whipps Block” one of the largest and best buildings 
 in Kalispell and occupied a portion of the building with 
 his furniture emporium. Aside from the interests noted 
 he has many others, including some of the finest summer 
 home and fruit lands on the shores of Flathead lake, 
 a tract of land adjoining the city of Kalispell, several 
 ranches, etc. His summer home at Lake iMcDonald in 
 the Glacier National Park was the first to be built there 
 for private use. Years before the creation of the Park 
 Mr. Whipps and his family had been spending their sum- 
 mers at this beautiful lake. It was he, who in April, 
 1907, learning that the Forestry Department was nego- 
 tiating for the sale to private parties of the timber on 
 the shores of Lake McDonald, took the initiative in the 
 creation of the wonderful Glacier National Park. Know- 
 ing from observation that the denuding of this beau- 
 tiful section of its verdant growth of timber meant its 
 utter despoliation and ruin, he immediately took the mat- 
 ter up by letter with the Montana senators and repre- 
 sentatives in congress, with the Great Northern Rail- 
 way, asking their cooperation, and with President Roose- 
 velt direct. Describing the beauties, the magnificent 
 scenery and wonders and the cool delightful summer 
 climate of this grand region, and in the letter to Presi- 
 dent Roosevelt mentioning the various kinds of wild 
 animals, game and fish abounding there, he pictured the 
 desolation that would result if the lumbermen were per- 
 mitted to operate there and suggested that the entire 
 region extending from the line of the Great Northern 
 Railway to the Canadian boundary be created into a Na- 
 tional Park and Game Preserve. No sooner had these 
 letters reached Washington than a telegram came to 
 the forestry superintendent at Kalispell telling him not 
 to make any deals for the sale of any timber in the Lake 
 McDonald region and soon thereafter Senator Carter 
 introduced the bill creating the Glacier National Park. 
 Thus was conserved to the American people for all time 
 a resort and playground second to none in the world. 
 
 It is the public interests with which ]\Ir. Whipps has 
 identified himself that made him so necessary to the peo- 
 ple of Kalispell and gained for him their high regard. 
 Being exceedingly public spirited and progressive, every 
 subject of civic welfare is of deep interest to him and 
 he has ever been tireless in furthering the growth and in 
 promoting the beauty of the city in which he lives. It 
 therefore was a logical sequence that he should have 
 received honors at their hands. He was chosen in 1893 
 as the city’s first elective mayor. He then served for 
 three consecutive terms and having consummated during 
 these three terms all of the civic betterments he then 
 had in hand he refused to accept the nomination for a 
 fourth term. During this time Mr. Whipps caused to 
 be put in a complete system of sewerage and paved the 
 principal streets and initiated the parking of streets and 
 the planting of trees etc., etc. Many times thereafter 
 he was solicited to accept the mayoralty again but re- 
 fused until the spring of 1910 when the demand for him 
 was so pressing and so universal that he felt it his duty 
 to accept which he did and was elected without opposi- 
 tion to the fourth term. Among the more notable 
 
 achievements accomplished by Mr. Whipps during his 
 fourth term was the reclaiming of a tract of forty-three 
 acres of brushy, marshy land, which most people thought 
 to be a worthless, disease-breeding, mosquito hole and 
 transforming it into one of the most beautiful municipal 
 parks to be found in even cities of five or six times the 
 size of Kalispell. Nothing else in ^Montana compares 
 with it. The marshes now are beautiful, shaded lagoons, 
 extending for a half mile or more which can be used in 
 the summer for boating and swimming and in the winter 
 for skating. Walks, drives, a children's play-ground 
 equipped with the latest devices, summer-houses, beauti- 
 ful wooded islands and many artistically constructed 
 rustic bridges may now be found there. This park was 
 named W oodland Park and any city might well be proud 
 of it. Court House Park was another to be reclaimed 
 by Mr. Whipps. Here a system of drives were artis- 
 tically laid out and paved, cement sidewalks constructed 
 and hundreds of trees and shrubs planted and the whole 
 converted into a beautiful lawm. Miles of street park- 
 ing, cement sidewalks and street grading were accom- 
 plished ; a uniform system of cluster lights w'as installed 
 on the business streets ; experts were employed to audit 
 the city accounts and an up-to-date system of municipal 
 account books installed ; the city ordinances, found in a 
 chaotic condition were segregated, codified and printed 
 in book form ; he obtained a reduction in \vater rates for 
 the consumer of forty per cent, and had the minimum 
 rate for electric lights reduced from $2.50 to $1.00. A 
 pretty busy man was Mayor Whipps during this two 
 year term, especially as most of what w^as accomplished 
 by him had to be fought through against strong oppo- 
 sition. Another notable act of Mr. Whipps during this 
 administration was to take the police force out of politics 
 and appoint the members thereof to serve indefinitely 
 or during good behavior. Completing this term 5 Ir. 
 WTipps was strongly urged to accept another but feeling 
 that his private affairs needed his attention w^orse than 
 did the city he declined. 
 
 IMr. Whipps was instrumental and one of the prime 
 movers in the building of the Masonic Temple, one of 
 the finest in the state. He is a Mason, a Knight Tem- 
 plar, a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite IMason and a 
 Noble of the jMystic Shrine. He is also a member of 
 the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Elks. 
 His religious affiliations are with the Episcopal church. 
 
 In Helena on October 20, 1886. W^illiam C. Whipps 
 was married to Miss Annie E. Osterhout, a daughter of 
 Edgar Osterhout and a native of Pennsylvania. Their 
 children are two in number. A son, William O., born in 
 Helena on January 25, 1888. a graduate of Columbia 
 University and now associated wdth his father in busi- 
 ness, and a daughter, Caroline Louise Whipps, born in 
 Kalispell September 30, 1895. 
 
 ]Mr. Whipps is a Republican, a contemporary and warm 
 personal friend of the late Senator Thomas H. Carter. 
 Mr. Whipps has the distinction of having been the leader 
 in many political fights and of having never been de- 
 feated. ' To him is due much of the growth and prosper- 
 ity of Kalispell. 5 Iuch credit therefore accrues to him 
 both in his public capacity and also in his personal en- 
 counter with fate, which through years he has con- 
 ducteo so successfully and honorably. 
 
 ]Mrs. Nellie R. Brown. Prominent among Montana's 
 women of intelligence and culture is l\Irs. Nellie R. 
 Brown, the present superintendent of public instruction 
 in Teton county, who has filled that responsible posi- 
 tion one term previous to this and has been numbered 
 among Montana's educators since 1881. Strongly quali- 
 fied in character and personality as well as in educa- 
 tional attainments, her labors in the educational field 
 have been of a high order and her intellectual force 
 and executive power have made her official service 
 
1176 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 marked for efficiency. She is one of the strong women 
 of Montana and as such merits a place on these pages. 
 
 Mrs. Brown, who was Miss Nellie R. RoBard prior 
 to her marriage, was born in Audrain county, Missouri, 
 on the 17th of January, i860. She is a daughter of 
 John M. and Anna (Phillips) RoBard, the former of 
 whom was a Kentuckian by birth but became a pioneer 
 settler in Missouri along in the ’40s. During the gold 
 excitement of 1849 he removed to California but re- 
 mained only a short time, returning from thence to 
 Missouri where he took up business activity as a mer- 
 chant. He was educated for the law but owing to ill 
 health could not pursue the profession. He was a 
 Democrat in politics and took a very active and promi- 
 nent part in the public and political affairs of Audrain 
 county, Missouri, and its county seat of Mexico, having 
 served for a time as mayor and as postmaster of Mexico, 
 and he was also a prominent member of the Masonic 
 circles of Missouri. W. A. RoBard, a brother of John 
 M., was one of Missouri's eminent men, having served 
 many years as attorney general there, and at Jefferson 
 City, Missouri, the state has erected a monument to his 
 memory. Anna Phillips, who was born in Virginia, 
 came to Missouri in girlhood and at Mexico, Missouri, 
 was married to John M. RoBard. To their union were 
 born nine children, of whom Mrs. Brown is fifth in or- 
 der of birth. Both parents are deceased, the father hav- 
 ing passed away in 1880 at the age of fifty-five and the 
 mother’s death having occurred in 1900 when seventy- 
 five years old. Both are interred at Mexico, Missouri. 
 The Phillips family is Scotch, while the RoBards are 
 of Scotch-Irish descent. 
 
 Mrs. Brown was educated in the public schools of 
 Mexico, Missouri, and in Hardin College, of that city, 
 which institution conferred on her the degree of Bach- 
 elor of Arts in 1887. Upon the conclusion of her col- 
 legiate studies she taught school one year in Centralia, 
 Missouri. On October 6, 1880. at Centralia, she was 
 united in marriage to Solan H. Brown, and in 1881 
 accompanied her husband to Montana, locating first at 
 Helena. During their residence there Mrs. Brown 
 taught six years in the schools at Helena and of Lewis 
 and Clark county. About 1892 they removed to what 
 is now known as Teton county but then was a portion 
 of Chouteau county, and located at Dupuyer, where 
 Mrs. Brown spent three years more in teaching. From 
 there they removed to Choteau, where Mr. Brown died 
 on June 25, 1901. Mrs. Brown has taught six years 
 since becoming a resident of Choteau and is now ffiling 
 her third term as superintendent of public instruction 
 in Teton county, her first term having included 1907 and 
 1908, her second term having begun in 1911, and she has 
 just been re-elected for the third time as county super- 
 intendent of schools. Cultivated in mind and with her 
 years of practical experience as a teacher, she has most 
 efficiently and acceptably filled the position of executive 
 head of the Teton county schools. 
 
 To Mr. and Mrs. Brown were born four children; 
 RoBard Brown, deceased; Nellie, now Mrs. P. H. 
 Crossen, of Choteau ; Grace, who is the wife of Wilson 
 Nored and resides at Oakdale, North Dakota; and 
 Hazel Brown, now a high-school student. 
 
 PIenry Louvili.e Knight. The year 1881 marked 
 the advent of PIenry Louville Knight into the’ west, 
 and the passing years have since found him for the 
 most part engrossed in newspaper enterprises of 
 varied nature. He has been identified with journalistic 
 work in many capacities and for years has been a 
 potent force in the field of publicity in this section of 
 the state. Since June. 1909, he has been a member of 
 the firm of Knight & Cade, proprietors of the Kalispcll 
 Times, a paper founded in the interests of the Rejiub- 
 licans of the city and of the district. 
 
 An easterner by birth, Henry Louville Knight was 
 
 born m Bridgeton, New Jersey, on April 20, 1863, and 
 IS the son of Rev. Franklin LaFayette Knight and 
 Lavina Howard Dorsey. 
 
 Rev. Franklin LaFayette Knight was born in 1826 
 in Maine and was educated in the east. He was a 
 graduate of Bowdoin College, in Maine, and his vocar 
 tion that of a minister of the Episcopalian church. 
 He died in Washington, D. C„ while the assistant rec- 
 tor of St. John’s church. Rev. Knight was a scholar 
 of brilliant attainments, his knowledge of the dead 
 languages being most unusual and far reaching. In 
 1867 he was professor of Latin and Greek in the 
 University of the South, at Sewanee. Tennessee, but 
 in 1869 returned to Washington, D. C., with his fam- 
 ily, where he remained until his death, which took 
 place in 1876. The wife and mother was a member 
 of a well known Maryland family, — the Howard-Dor- 
 seys by name, and she died in the month of October, 
 in 1912, in the eighty-fourth year of her life, her death 
 taking place in the home of her son, M. D. Knight, of 
 Rockville, Maryland. Seven children were born to 
 Rev. and Mrs. Knight. The family is one of the old 
 established ones in America, the first of the name to 
 locate in America having been George S. Knight, who 
 .came from England in 1700 and settled in Maine. 
 The family has ever displayed a strong tendency to.- 
 wards things of an ecclesiastic nature, and many of 
 the name have given their lives to the work of the 
 church. 
 
 PIenry Louville Knight received a somewhat super- 
 ficial education, the height of his scholastic training 
 being represented by a year in the preparatory depart- 
 ment of Columbian College, in Washington, D. C., in 
 1877. In June, 1881, he turned his face in a westerly 
 direction, and reached Miles City, Montana, on the 
 old steamer Helena full six months ahead of the 
 Northern Pacific Railroad. In that year he busied 
 himself in keeping books for the county sheriff, and 
 in the next winter he inaugurated his newspaper 
 career with work on the Yellowstone Journal at Mites 
 City. In 1884 he was editor of the Daily Press in 
 Miles City and he left that place in 1885, making his 
 way to Big Horn, Wyoming, where in company with 
 E. H. Becker, he founded the Big Horn Sentinel. He 
 later moved the plant to Buffalo, Wyoming, but in 
 1886 sold out and returned to Miles City. He worked 
 on the Journal there until 1888, when he bought the 
 Courier at Rathdrum, Idaho. This venture was not 
 a success, and Mr. Knight lost his investment as a 
 result of the enterprise. He then returned to Billings 
 in eastern Montana and secured employment in the 
 office of the Gazette, where he remained for some 
 years. In 1893, once more emboldened to start out 
 on his own responsibility, Mr. Knight started’ the 
 Yellozi'Stone J^alley Recorder. In 1896 he moved the 
 plant to Missoula and there started the Missoula 
 Daily Messenger. This enterprise was also doomed 
 to failure, and he weathered the storms of financial 
 adversity for two years, when he gave up the struggle 
 in Missoula. The spring and summer of the year 
 1899 Mr. Knight spent in a printing office in Spokane, 
 Washington, the winter following finding him once 
 more at the helm in his old position on the Journal in 
 Miles City. In the fall of 1900 Mr. Knight edited a 
 campaign daily for W. A. Clark and in the winter of 
 1900-01 went to Billings to take over the management 
 of the Billings Times. In March, 1901, he went to 
 Kalispell. Montana, to accept a responsible position 
 on the Daily Bee, and in 1903 he became a stock- 
 holder of the Bee Publishing Company, continuing 
 as secretary and manager until 1909. when the Kalispell 
 'Times was founded in the interests of the Republi- 
 cans of Kalispell. As mentioned in a previous para- 
 graph, Mr. Knight is one of' the firm of Knight & 
 tade, managers and proprietors of that paper, and 
 
i^T" 
 
 
 ) 
 
HISTORY OF ^lOXTANA 
 
 1177 
 
 the Times has under their management and direction 
 prospered most undeniably as a “stand pat” organ oi 
 the Republican party. 
 
 Mr. Knight is a member of the Knights of Pythias 
 since the year 1891, when he joined the order in 
 Billings. He is past chancellor of the lodge, and a 
 member of the uniform rank. He has been a delegate 
 to many of the grand lodge conventions of the order 
 and has taken a prominent place in the society in the 
 years of his affiliation with it. Mr. Knight is not a 
 member of any church. He is a nature lover and a 
 naturalist of no small learning. He is a pedestrian, 
 and is especially fond of fresh air and out-of-door 
 exercises. He is unmarried as yet, and is quoted as 
 having said that in that regard his “prospects are 
 poor.” . 
 
 Frank G. Cole. The life of Frank G. Cole stands 
 forth as an example of the way in which a man may 
 rise in his trade or profession from a humble position 
 to membership in a prominent and successful firm. 
 Frank G. Cole began life as a machinist, and as a mere 
 boy he determined that he would do his work so thor- 
 oughly that he would always be the one thought of 
 when a vacancy occurred above him. Therefore by de- 
 votion to his work, by acquiring a knowledge of every 
 branch of it, and by always showing that he was not 
 in a business for what he could get out of it but for 
 what he could give to it, he rose from one level to the 
 next higher until he is now the manager of one of the 
 most important industrial plants in Kalispell, Montana.* 
 
 Frank G. Cole is a western man by birth, having been 
 born in Pioche, Nevada, on the 20th of January, 1875. 
 His father was William G. Cole, who was born in 
 foggy old London, across the water in Merry England. 
 The date of his birth was the year 1844 and he came to 
 America at the age of nineteen in 1863. He first settled 
 in California, and followed mining as his profession. 
 He later moved to Nevada, and finally in 1868 came to 
 Montana and took up placer mining near Unionville, 
 Montana. Here he lived for many years, and was 
 accounted one of the successful mining men of the com- 
 munity. He was a man of great reserve, quiet and al- 
 though interested in the affairs of the community in 
 general, not caring to take a prominent part in them or 
 to hold public office. It was in 1881 that he came to 
 Butte, Montana, and became associated with the Amal- 
 gamated Company, with whom he remained for about 
 seven years. He then spent several years in connection 
 with the Parrott Company and during the last three 
 years of his life, he turned to ranching, owning and 
 operating a ranch in the Bitter Root country. His death 
 occurred in Butte in 1901, and he is survived by his 
 wife and five children. He was married in California 
 to Anna Hodson, who like her husband was born in 
 England, Preston being her native town. She lives at 
 present in Butte. Of the five living children, William 
 H. Cole, the eldest, is a resident of Salt Lake City and 
 is in charge of the Highland Boy mine ; Louise Cole 
 married Charles Bole and now lives in Coeur de Ellis, 
 Montana; Walter Cole is in the automobile business in 
 San Diego, California: Frank is the next, and Harry, 
 the youngest, is living in Montana, and like his brother, 
 Frank, is a machinist. 
 
 Frank Cole was educated in Butte, and is a grad- 
 uate of the Butte high school, being a member of the 
 class of 1891. On completing his high school work he 
 entered Butte Business College and after a year spent 
 in this institution, decided that he preferred some work 
 where he might use his hands. He was therefore ap- 
 prenticed to a machinist in the Western Iron Works, 
 and here learned his trade. He followed the trade of 
 machinist, as a journeyman, for about six years, and 
 then after leaving Butte, became master mechanic for 
 the Bridger Coal Company at Bridger, Montana. He 
 
 remained with them for several years and then became 
 connected 'with the Heinze Smelting Company, with 
 whom he remained for some time. His ne.xt move was 
 to Australia where he became associated with the North 
 Lyle Smelting Company, his work being the erection 
 of engines. In each of these moves Mr. Cole took an 
 upward step, though it may have been a tiny one, upon 
 the ladder of success, and his worth was so well realized 
 by the North Lyle Smelting Company that during the 
 last eighteen months of his connection with them he was 
 superintendent of the plant. 
 
 On his return to this country he went to work for the 
 Union Iron Works of San Francisco, where he remained 
 for a year. He next went to Vancouver Island, in Brit- 
 ish Columbia to take charge of the Northwestern Smelt- 
 ing and Refinery Company, at Crofton, British Colum- 
 bia. After two years spent here, he went to Salt Lake 
 City to install some machinery for a mining compan3^ 
 at that place. It took him six months to complete this 
 task and at the end of this time he took charge of the 
 Western Iron Works. He was foreman of this big 
 plant for six years and the company felt his loss greatly 
 when he determined to resign his position to accept the 
 management of the Kalispell Iron Works. He is not 
 onl\^ the very efficient manager but also a member of 
 the firm, and the years and years of practical experience 
 which he has had are now proving extremely valuable. 
 The company was incorporated in 1906 and has had 
 a very prosperous career, especially since Mr. Cole 
 has had its affairs in charge. 
 
 Like his father, Mr. Cole does not care to interest 
 himself in active politics, but he is well known in fra- 
 ternal circles, being a member of the Knights of Pythias 
 and of the Modern Woodmen of America. In his re- 
 ligious beliefs he is a firm adherent and faithful com- 
 municant of the ancient Protestant Episcopal church. 
 
 Mr. Cole was married on the 25th of December, 1894, 
 to Miss Katherine Foley, a daughter of Edward Foley, 
 who is now deceased. Mrs. Cole is a native of the state 
 of Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Cole are the parents of three 
 children. Frank W., the eldest, was born in Butte. 
 August 29, 1896. Tasmania, who was born in far-off 
 Australia, in Crothy, Tasmania, on the 29th of April, 
 1902. Raymond Andrew Cole was born in Butte, Mon- 
 tana, on the 15th day of Ma\% 1908. 
 
 Through the years in which Mr. Cole has been in 
 close touch with men of many different nationalities and 
 modes of thinking, he has not devoted himself alone to 
 learning the technical side of his business, but to study- 
 ing the various types of humanity with whom he has 
 been associated. This is one of the reasons for his suc- 
 cess in an executive position, for he is seldom mistaken 
 in a man, and being a firm believer in the spark of good- 
 ness underlying the bad in all of us, he has often been 
 successful in bringing this to the surface in men whom 
 other employers have given up as no good. He is un- 
 doubtedly a man whose life has been of use to his 
 fellows, and were he not a successful man, this would 
 be sufficient to make him a man to be remembered. 
 
 Joseph Chauvin. There are perhaps other rnen in 
 Montana who are wealthier and hold more conspicuous 
 places in the eye of the nation than Joseph Chauvin of 
 Butte, but none of them is bigger. None has more 
 public spirit, nor a greater love and loyalty for the 
 state. He has been a resident of Butte from the days 
 when it was a straggling mining camp, when pay day 
 meant wild carousals and six-shooters, and the cow- 
 boy who today inhabits the vaudeville stage was then 
 a real object. With the foresight of a born business 
 man, Mr. Chauvin felt that this rough collection of 
 shacks and tents held in its unkempt bosom the germ 
 of something better, and his confidence was not mis- 
 placed. In the development of Butte, ^Ir. Chauvin 
 
1178 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 took an active and prominent part. When men wanted 
 advice as to where they should place their money, 
 when they considered some move which would improve 
 the appearance of the city, when political questions 
 arose, Mr. Chauvin was the man to whom they instinc- 
 tively turned. He was not only ready and willing to 
 give both of his time and services, hut he had many more 
 years of experience than had most of the citizens of 
 Butte, along the lines in which they sought help. He 
 had grown up with the country, had learned to know 
 not only the country but the men. There was not a man 
 of importance in the state that he did not know, and 
 he likewise knew the miners and the cowboys, knew 
 how they thought and felt and reasoned. He was 
 invaluable to his political party because of this ability 
 to judge men, and while never caring to hold office 
 himself he has always been one of the prominent 
 men of his party in the state. No man in Montana 
 possesses a larger number of personal friends than 
 Mr. Chauvin, and this popularity seems only too 
 small a reward for one wdio has given of himself so 
 generously to the service of his city and state. 
 
 The ancestry of Joseph Chauvin is hy no means the 
 most uninteresting thing concerning him. On his 
 paternal side his ancestry makes him a descendant of 
 one of the oldest families of the French nobility, 
 whose founder was Marquis De Leveille. He also 
 numbers among his ancestors, a man w'ho was brought 
 to the notice of the public at the ter-centenary of the 
 coming of the great explorer. This man was Henri 
 Chauvin, who was first lieutenant under Champlain and 
 was captain of a three hundred foot barque, the Don 
 d’Dieu. An ancestress of his. Mile. Chauvin, was the 
 first prioress in the first convent in Quebec. His 
 
 family have thus always been pioneers, and have found 
 their places in life on the edges of civilization. It is 
 therefore not strange that Joseph Chauvin should have 
 sought the wilds of Montana so far in advance of 
 many of his present fellow citizens. 
 
 Mr. Chauvin comes from a family noted on both 
 sides for their longevity. His father and mother 
 are both living, after sixty-four years of wedded life. 
 His father, Leander J. Chauvin, was born in Vir- 
 rennes, near Montreal, Canada, in 1827. He emigrated 
 to Vermont in 1842, and five years later, in 1847, 
 married Harriet Pepin. Harriet Pepin was born in 
 Vercher, Canada, and was a daughter of Joseph Pepin 
 and his wife. Joseph Pepin was one of a family of 
 twenty-six children, and the mother of this large 
 family lived to the remarkable age of one hundred 
 and four. One of his brothers was a trapper and 
 hunter in the thirties, and in the early forties camped 
 on the headwaters of the Missouri river. He there- 
 fore might have been on the very spot where his grand- 
 nephew now lives. Joseph Pepin died at the age of 
 seventy-two and his wife died at the age of ninety- 
 four. Mr. Chauvin's maternal grandmother lived to 
 be ninety years of age, and so it can well be imagined 
 that Mr. Chauvin at the age of sixty-four tells the 
 truth when he says he feels like a young man. He 
 surely looks like one, and since a man is as young as 
 he feels he has many more years of usefulness yet 
 remaining to him. Leander and Harriet Chauvin 
 became the parents of sixteen children, eight sons 
 and eight daughters, of whom six sons and four 
 daughters are yet alive. The father and mother are 
 now living at the old homestead in Shelburn, Ver- 
 mont, where Mrs. Chauvin has lived since her parents 
 brought her here as a child. The old home is not 
 far from the celebrated Webb farm, and is situated 
 in one of the most picturesque portions of the old 
 state. 
 
 Joseph Chauvin was born in Shelburn, Vermont, on 
 the 27th of November, 1848. His parents were poor, 
 for life was hard and Vermont farms have never had 
 a reputation for great fertility. The lad was brought 
 
 up on a farm, and attended the common schools. He 
 was eager for an education, and since his father was 
 unable to give him one, he sawed wood, lighted the 
 fires at the schoolhouse, and rang the bells, thus 
 paying his way through the high school, or more prop- 
 erly the academy, for it was a private institution. It 
 was conducted by that learned man, H. H. Fisk, who 
 is now a prominent professor in Northwestern Uni- 
 versity, at Evanston. Illinois. Under the tutelage of 
 this able man Mr. Chauvin received a thorough edu- 
 cation, but at the age of fifteen he deserted his books 
 and attempted to enlist in a Vermont regiment that was 
 then being formed. This was in 1863, during the days 
 when it was evident that the North would conquer, 
 but when men were being rushed to the front to fill the 
 gaps caused by the carnage at Gettysburg a.nd Vicks- 
 burg, Joseph Chauvin was not permitted to enlist 
 on account of his youth and was forced to watch the 
 regiment march away without him and later to see 
 it return, covered with glory. 
 
 Upon finding that he could not be a soldier he went 
 to Burlington, Vermont, and there accepted a clerk- 
 ship in a grocery store. He remained here for five 
 years, saving his money and learning the business. 
 His business ability early asserted itself, and at the 
 age of twenty, he resigned from his clerkship, and 
 opened a small grocery store of his own. Within four 
 years he was doing the largest business of this kind 
 
 in town, and was one of the wealthiest and most 
 
 important citizens. At the age of thirty he was made 
 ‘alderman of the Fourth ward, which was normally a 
 Democratic ward. He served a two-year term, and this 
 was his introduction to the field in which he was later to 
 play so proniinent a part. He was a member of the fa- 
 mous old Ethan Allen Engine Company of Burlington, 
 and is yet an honorary member of the company. The 
 
 freedom and the future which he saw in the great 
 
 territories of the West had for some time appealed to 
 him strongly, and at last, just after the close of his 
 term as alderman, the old pioneer instinct fuliy awake, 
 he set out for those unknown lands. The trip was 
 made before the railroad had reached Butte, and it 
 was by no means an easy place to reach. He arrived 
 here on the ist of June, i^i, and rough as the camp 
 looked he saw its possibilities with half a glance. 
 
 He opened up a furniture store, and from the first 
 modest beginning it grew in time into a large and 
 prosperous business. Six years ago he retired from 
 the mercantile life and went into the mining business, 
 both as mine owner and as broker. In this business 
 he is still engaged, and is known all over the state 
 as one of the most successful brokers and authorita- 
 tive men on mining questions. He has won and lost 
 several fortunes since coming to Montana, but which- 
 ever way the tide turns his equanimity is never disturbed. 
 He now hopes to make another fortune before his active 
 life is ended. He is not the type of man who cares 
 for money as money: it is the making of it that 
 interests him, the playing of the game. He is one .of 
 the most active stockbrokers on the Butte Stock Ex- 
 change and during moments of excitement, he is one 
 of the men who is watched most closely, for whichever 
 way he moves, many are certain to follow. He is 
 owner of several mining properties of great value, 
 and is secretary and treasurer of the Butte Cable 
 Copper & Gold Mining Company. He is also vice- 
 president and director in the North Pacific Placer 
 Mining Company. In both of these concerns he is a 
 heavy stockholder. 
 
 In' politics Mr. Chauvin has always been a steadfast 
 Republican, and since 1888 he has taken a prominent 
 part in the many stirring campaigns for which Mon- 
 tana has become famous. He was a personal friend 
 of the late Colonel Sanders, and was his guest in his 
 Washington home a number of times. He was a 
 warm and loyal, friend of the late Senator Carter, and 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1179 
 
 upon his death a letter which he wrote to the editor 
 of the Inter Mountain, was one of the truest tributes 
 paid to the politician, who, as Mr. Chauvin said, “one 
 had but to go to Washington to learn how great a 
 man he was among the big men of the nation.” He 
 also spoke of him as “a genial acquaintance, a warm 
 friend, never so great as to overlook these little things 
 that make life worth living and made him the big 
 man he was.” It would be very easy to turn the 
 tables and apply these words to their author, for they 
 are certainly true of him. He served as a delegate 
 to many state, county and city conventions, and was 
 a dominant force that helped to shape the destinies of 
 the Republican party in the state of ^Montana. He is 
 of too retiring a disposition to have ever thrust him- 
 self forward, but he has been nominated for several 
 county offices, and was one of the leading candidates 
 for mayor of Butte in iSga. He was defeated in the 
 convention by only eight votes, which was a more 
 bitter disappointment to his followers than to the 
 candidate himself. 
 
 Mr. Chauvin is a popular member of the social 
 world of Butte. He has been an active member of the 
 Silver Bow Lodge of Elks, No. 240, since the first 
 years of its organization. He was one of the founders 
 of the Canadian Institute, and for tw'enty years has 
 been an active member of this, one of the oldest social 
 clubs in Butte. He is one of the most noted sports- 
 men in the West, and it would be hard to find his equal 
 with a rod. The Inter Mountain published quite a 
 lengthy article a short time ago, calling attention to 
 Mr. Chauvin’s prowess in this sport. The following 
 extracts are quoted : “Mr. Chauvin, besides being a 
 
 broker, is certainly an angler, and enjoys the sport; 
 to wade across fields of green grass, green trees, hear 
 the whippoorwill and meadow lark sing is better than 
 medicine, and he can't understand how millionaires 
 basking and roasting in the East don't come out and 
 enjoy the finest climate in the world. He has fished 
 with one pole bought in 1885, and caught enough fish 
 to load a car in streams wdthin a hundred miles of 
 Butte. He seldom speaks of his catches, but he can 
 usually be found with more fish on the same stream 
 than anybody. In five trips recently to Red Rock river 
 he has brought home an average of forty pounds 
 of dressed trout, grayling and whitefish, and takes pleas- 
 ure in distributing the same to his friends.” 
 
 Mr. Chauvin has traveled widely, in the Lffiited States 
 and Canada, and such travel has broadened his mind, 
 and given him an understanding of many conditions 
 of men. He is a true lover of the best in art and 
 literature, and his mind has had the best of training, 
 through contact w'ith some of the keenest thinkers 
 of the day. He had a wide acquaintance over the w'hole 
 country, and since casting his first vote for General 
 Grant, he has knowm personally many of the men who 
 have influenced the public affairs of our nation. Mr. 
 Chauvin is a member of the Roman Catholic church, but 
 is a man of broad views and tolerant attitude in mat- 
 ters of religion. 
 
 The marriage of Joseph Chauvin to Caroline Ger- 
 main, took place in Burlington, “Vermont, in 1870. The 
 mother and father of Mrs. Chauvin w'ere old pioneers 
 of Burlington, and lived there until they died at a 
 ripe old age. Mr. and Mrs. Chauvin have one son. 
 Charles Frederic Chauvin, who was born in Burlington, 
 Vermont, in 1874. He was married in Boston, to Miss 
 Derby, a daughter of Mr. Derby, rvho was the founder 
 and proprietor of the famous Derby Desk Company 
 of Boston. Charles F. Chauvin entered the employ 
 of this company at the time of his marriage, and he 
 has since continued in the office furniture business, 
 at present bemg connected wdth a prominent office 
 and bank furnishing house in New York City. He has 
 two children, Doris Chauvin and Joseph Edward 
 Chauvin. Mr. Joseph Chauvin also adopted his oldest 
 
 sister's child at the death of the mother, Carrie Anna 
 Chauvin. The child in question was only fourteen 
 days old at her mother's death, and she came to the 
 West with her adopted parents in 1881. She has lived 
 in the West ever since, having married W. L. Fant, 
 of Butte, in 1891. They had one child. Beulah L. 
 Fant. who is now the ward of Mr. Chauvin, for her 
 father died in 1904. Mrs. Fant has since married 
 W. M. Jermain, a prominent contractor, who resides 
 at Missoula. 
 
 Frederick Paul Auerbach, president of the Central 
 Meat Company, is one of the more prominent and pro- 
 gressive business men of Great Falls. He is one who 
 has made his own position in the business world by the 
 persistent application of the many traits of sturdy Ger- 
 man character which are his by right of birth, and adds 
 one to the already long list of German emigrants who 
 have made good in all walks of life in America. 
 
 Born in Saxony, Germany, Mr. Auerbach is the son 
 of Frederick Paul Auerbach, Sr., a native German, who 
 was a textile worker or weaver by trade, and who 
 served in the German army throughout the Franco- 
 Prussian war. The rough campaign life unseated his 
 health in a deplorable degree, and after his return from 
 the war he lingered through several months of illness 
 and died in 1873, at the early age of forty-five years. 
 His wife was Dorothy Anna (Wiese) Auerbach, born 
 in Saxony in 1829. She is still living in her native land. 
 Their son, Frederick Paul, Jr., was born April 18, 1865, 
 and as a boy attended the public schools of his home 
 town. When he reached the age of fourteen, his par- 
 ents, in common with others of their class, apprenticed 
 their son to the meat business, but he only remained in 
 the shop for one year, and when he was fifteen immi- 
 grated to America, alone, and dependent entirely upon 
 his own resources. On reaching these shores, he pro- 
 ceeded at once to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but the city did 
 not appeal to him and he had a desire to see more of 
 the countr}^ particularly the westerly portion of it. In 
 1881 he came to Montana, stopping first in Missoula, 
 where he found work in a meat shop. He remained in 
 that city for five years, employed in various capacities, 
 and while there took out his first citizen's papers. Al- 
 ways a saving and industrious youth, the young man, 
 after about six years in America, decided to visit his 
 home once more, and he accordingly made the trip 
 home and paid a pleasant visit to his mother and othcr 
 members of his family. In a short time he returned 
 once more to Montana, this time locating in Anaconda, 
 and he again secured employment in a meat shop, where 
 he remained for three years. In 1889 jMr. Auerbach 
 went to Butte where he was employed for a number of 
 years, coming from there to Great Falls, where he 
 launched out in business for himself. He sold out in a 
 short time, returning to Butte, but his better judgment 
 soon brought him to Great Falls once more, and there, 
 together with Mr. Frank P. Johnson, in 1894 he estab- 
 lished the business since that time known as the Cen- 
 tral Meat Company. The industry has grown apace, 
 and has with the passing years developed into one of the 
 leading establishments of its kind in the city, or indeed, 
 in northern Montana. They conduct a wholesale and 
 retail business, and the shop is in every way one of the 
 most modern and complete known to the trade. 
 
 Mr. Auerbach has, despite the heavy demands upon his 
 time by his business, been able to devote a considerable 
 attention to civic affairs, and has been a member of the 
 board of aldermen of Great Falls for twelve years. For 
 six years he was president of the council, and in both 
 capacities has been instrumental in bringing about many 
 improvements and benefits in a municipal way. He is a 
 Democrat in his political convictions, and with hfs fam- 
 ily, is a member of the Lutheran church. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Knights of Pythias, the Sons of Hermann, the 
 Fraternal Order of Eagles and the Woodmen of the 
 
J180 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 World. Mr. Auerbach is a man of action, and is espe- 
 cially fond of outdoor life. He has acquired a consider- 
 able amount of real estate in Great Falls and other 
 points throughout the state, and is regarded as a man 
 of some wealth. 
 
 In November, 1890, Mr. Auerbach was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Theresa Matt of Anaconda. Six chil- 
 dren have been born to them, named as follows : Dora, 
 born in August, 1892, assistant in offices of her father; 
 Paul, born in 1894, in business with the father; Francis, 
 born in 1896, also in the office of the Central Meat Com- 
 pany; Theresa, born in 1899; Pauline, born in 1901 and 
 Helen born in 1904, all are attending school in Great 
 Falls. 
 
 J. C. Orrick. The sheriff of Yellowstone county, 
 J. C. Orrick, needs no introduction to the people of the 
 Yellowstone valley. That he is well and favorably 
 known is evidenced by the office with which they have 
 honored him, and which he now holds and fills so 
 acceptably. He was born September 15, 1872, at Ste- 
 vens Point, Wisconsin, and is a son of Dr. John PI. 
 and Hattie (Nichols) Orrick, the former a native of 
 Baltimore, Maryland, and the latter of Lowell, Massa- 
 chusetts. Dr. Orrick was educated in the old Balti- 
 more Medical College, and became one of the pioneer 
 physicians and surgeons of Wisconsin, his field of 
 practice being the town of Stevens Point. Fie served 
 with distinction as a surgeon of a Wisconsin regiment 
 during the War of the Rebellion, and on his return 
 therefrom built up a large and lucrative practice, but 
 his career was cut short by early death in 1876. He 
 was a member of the Masonic fraternity. His widow 
 survives him, making her home in Chicago, and their 
 three children are all living : Carrie, who is married 
 
 and living in Chicago; Nellie, the wife of Robert E. 
 Gruwell, of Billings; and J. C. 
 
 J. C. Orrick was only four years of age when his 
 father died, and when he was nine years of age he 
 accompanied his mother to the home of his grand- 
 father, Josiah Nichols, a pioneer of California and 
 Idaho, who was then living at Junction, Custer county, 
 Montana. His education was secured in the public 
 schools of Miles City, Montana, and until 1894 he was 
 employed on various ranches, at that time going into 
 business for himself as a raiser of and dealer in horses 
 and cattle. He was first appointed deputy county 
 assessor in igoo, a position in which he served ably 
 for one term, when he was made deputy sheriff under 
 Sheriff W. P. Adams, and later acted in the same 
 capacity under Sheriff James T. Webb. The latter 
 was murdered in 1907, and in 1908 Mr. Orrick was 
 chosen for the office, and the capable manner in which 
 he handled the affairs and duties that devolved upon 
 him caused the voters to return him to that position 
 in igio and was the candidate of his party again in 1912. 
 He has been one of the best and most popular sheriffs 
 Yellowstone county has ever had, and the highest 
 compliment that can be paid him is the general opinion 
 among all who know him that he is a man who does 
 his duty as he sees it, and that he is upright, fearless 
 and absolutely sincere. Politically he is a Republican, 
 and his fraternal affiliation is with Billings Lodge No. 
 394, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On January 25, 1897, Sheriff Orrick was married to 
 Miss Cora Wear, who was born at Elko, Nevada, 
 daughter of Robert G. and Louisa (McCutcheon) Wear, 
 the former of whom died at the age of seventy-three 
 j'ears, in 1906, while the latter passed away when Mrs. 
 Orrick was a mere child. Mrs. Orrick’s parents were 
 both natives of Missouri, in which state they were 
 married. During the early seventies they removed to 
 Nevada, where Mr. Wear engaged in stock-raising, 
 giving the greater part of his attention to horses. Dur- 
 ing the gold excitement they came overland to Mon- 
 tana by ox-team, settling at Virginia City in 1865, 
 
 later returned to Nevada and in 1885 located near Miles 
 City, Mr. Wear being engaged in raising horses and 
 cattle until the time of his death. A Democrat in his 
 political views, he served as county commissioner of 
 Custer county for some time and in various township 
 offices. Mr. and Mrs. Orrick have had two children: 
 Jack and Cecille. 
 
 J.\MES King is another of those valuable citizens 
 for whose contributions to our development we are 
 indebted to our good neighbor, Canada. Eastern Ontario 
 is the place of his birth and also that of his parents, 
 Michael and Mary Young King, who still reside there. 
 There were two girls and eight boys in the family and 
 James is the second in point of age. Michael Young is 
 a farmer, but his son did not follow that occupation 
 after he grew up, although he earned his first money 
 at the age of sixteen by mowing buckwheat for fifty 
 cents a day. 
 
 Mr. King’s education was received in the institu- 
 tions of Canada, and it is therefore superfluous to say 
 that his training has been thorough, for anyone familiar 
 with the schools in our neighboring country is obliged 
 to acknowledge that in educational matters, as well as 
 in some other departments of national life, we might 
 well pattern after our Canadian cousins. Mr. King 
 graduated from the high school after finishing the pub- 
 lic school, and then completed the teachers’ training 
 course, supplementing this vocational instruction by 
 study in the Collegiate Institute. Three years were 
 spent in teaching in the Canadian schools, and during 
 vacation time he went to the Ontario Business College 
 in Bellville, Ontario, from which he graduated. All 
 this preparation was finished by the time Mr. King was 
 twenty-one, and in May, 1882, he arrived in Butte, two 
 months before his twenty-first birthday, which occurred 
 on July 26. 
 
 When Mr. King first came to the city he obtained his 
 first position as an accountant in a mercantile estab- 
 lishment. Next he was associated with the Bell Min- 
 ing & Smelting Company, and when he left their em- 
 ploy it was to undertake the contract of supplying the 
 Viola Mining & Smelting Company of Idaho with char- 
 coal. Mr. King spent two years at this, but_during that 
 time he did not give up his legal residence in Montana. 
 When he came back to Butte his first venture was a 
 brick yard, and he also went into some mining projects, 
 at which he worked for three years. He sold_ out his 
 holdings in these in 1890, and went into the dairy busi- 
 ness. He conducted this industry until he bought^the 
 Goldberg Building in 1896. Since that date Mr. King 
 has been occupied in managing this property, which is 
 one of the modern buildings of the city. A European 
 hotel occupies the entire structure above the street 
 floor and comprises the most modern as well as the 
 leading business of its kind in the city. 
 
 On June 9, 1896. Mr. King was married to Miss 
 .Anna F. Sehulze, daughter of August and Wilhelmina 
 Schulze. The marriage was solemnized in_ Butte. . but 
 at the m-esent time Mrs. King's parents live in Spokane. 
 Both Mr. King and his wife are members of the 
 Catholic church and take an active nart in its work. 
 Mr. King is one of the Knights of Columbus and one 
 of the most popular members of that fraternity. 
 
 Political matters have claimed much of his time and 
 attention. He is a firm believer in the princinles of the 
 Democratic partv. and he has been a man of influence 
 in the local orgainzation. When Mr. Kenvon was mayor 
 of Butte. Air. King served under S. W. Graves as 
 assistant citv clerk. His party sent him to Helena as 
 a member of the Eleventh legislative assembly and in 
 that session he earned the gratitude of all friends of 
 good government hy introducing the Anti-Pool Room 
 Bill, of which he is 'the author. • 
 
 Diming his college days Air. King took a prominent 
 part in athletics, and was known as a football and a 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1181 
 
 baseball player, besides being excellent at La Crosse. 
 He retains his fondness for all these games and he has 
 never lost his college habit of reading. He has col- 
 lected a library which is for use and not for furniture 
 only, as the friends who frequent the home of Mr. 
 and Mrs. King at 1039 Alluminum avenue can testify. 
 
 John H. Duffy. Holding high rank in his profes- 
 sion, and with a record of achievement to which he can 
 justly point with satisfaction, John H. Duffy may with 
 perfect propriety be called one of the leading attorneys 
 of the city of Anaconda. He is a Californian by birth, 
 and in all his life has shown himself thoroughly imbued 
 with the western spirit of activity and progress. 
 
 Mr. Duffy was born in Sacramento, California, on 
 March 4. 1859. The foundation of his education was 
 laid in the public schools of his native city and he 
 finished this with a course in a business college from 
 which he was graduated when he was seventeen years 
 old. He did not take up the profession of the law until 
 1876, when he began the study of Blackstone, and on 
 August 13, 1882, he was admitted to practice by the 
 supreme court of Montana territory. He immediately 
 swung his shingle to the breeze, and success was not 
 long in coming to him. He practiced at Butte, Mon- 
 tana, until 1895, when he removed to Anaconda. His 
 ability was promptly recognized in this city, both pro- 
 fessionally and personally. He became active in public 
 affairs, made speeches for the Democratic party through 
 the western part of the state and was elected county 
 attorney, in which office he held the confidence of the 
 people for two terms. Returning to private life he 
 rapidly built up a practice, and now holds a position 
 preeminent in county and state. One of his dominant 
 ideas is that the judiciary should be entirely divorced 
 from politics. 
 
 Mr. Duffy’s wife was formerly Miss Martha Welch, 
 of New York. She came west in childhood and was 
 raised in Montana. Shortly after her mother’s death 
 her father located in IMichigan, where he was a suc- 
 cessful farmer. Two children have been born to the 
 household of Mr. and Mrs. John Duff; Katherine 
 Emilia and Floy Marie Duffy. 
 
 Mr. Duffy’s father was born in Ireland, and came to 
 the United States when a youth of eighteen, settling in 
 California. He was prominent in the transfer and 
 teaming business at Sacramento, where he died in 
 189,3. Mr. Duffy’s mother was Katherine Smith, born 
 in Ireland. She is now living with her son and is 
 enjoying good . health though eighty-seven years of age. 
 IMr. Duffy had five brothers and sisters. 
 
 The owner- of a handsome home in Anaconda and in 
 the enjoyment of the best of health, John H. Duffy, 
 is one of the leading citizens of Anaconda, and, in 
 spite of his age is a deep student of the law and of 
 history. His life has been a successful one and he 
 holds high place in the regard of his fellow citizens. 
 
 James Henry Lynch. One of the representative 
 citizens of Butte. ^Montana, and a man who has been 
 prominently identified with the buildin.g up and develop- 
 ment of that city, has been for nearly one-third of a 
 century variously connected with her business interests, 
 and as a public official has rendered valuable service 
 in every capacity that he has been chosen to fill. Mr. 
 Lvnch was born at Galena. Illinois, on the irth of April, 
 in which section of that state the family were 
 pioneers. His father. John Lynch, was a native of 
 County Fermana.gh, Ireland ; was born in 1814. and 
 was a young man of twenty years, when he came to 
 .■\merica with his father, Terry Lvnch, settling at 
 Galena, Illinois, prior to the Black Hawk war. 
 
 In Galena, John Lynch became intimately acquainted 
 with and a warm personal friend of U. S. Grant, after- 
 ward the successful general of the Union armv and still 
 later president of the LTnited States. In Galena, also. 
 
 he was married to Miss Mary Manley, and there a 
 number of their children were born. , 
 
 In Galena the father worked in the mines until 1869, 
 when he moved his family to Vermilion, South Dakota, 
 where he was one of the pioneer settlers of the country. 
 There he became the owner of a large ranch and 
 engaged extensively in raising live stock for the markets. 
 He and his sons took up an aggregate of 3,000 acres 
 of government land, and this estate, which is now very 
 valuable, is still in the possession of the family. The 
 father died in 1881 and the mother in 1884, universally 
 and highly respected in all parts of Clay county. South 
 Dakota, the place of their last residence in this country, 
 and in every other locality in which they were known. 
 
 James H. Lynch was the second born in a family of 
 ten sons, being educated in Galena, Illinois, and gradu- 
 ated from its high school in 1869. He accompanied 
 his parents to South Dakota in that year, and, for 
 some time after his arrival in the state, taught in its 
 public schools. He began his business career at Ver- 
 milion in that state as a salesman of agricultural imple- 
 ments and a purchaser and shipper of grain and kin- 
 dred commodities for the firm of Thompson & Lewis, 
 with whom he remained from 1874 to 1876. In Decem- 
 ber, 1876, he moved to the Black Hills, at that time a 
 part of the Sioux Indian reservation and under military 
 rule. Mr. Lynch was one of a party of 300 who made 
 this peaceful invasion of the Indian lands, and the 
 journey was made from Yankton by way of Fort Pierre. 
 He associated himself with Messrs. Dudley, Caldwell 
 & Company, who erected the first saw mill operated in 
 the Black Hills region, and of this he had charge for 
 two years. After that he was under sheriff of Lawrence 
 county. South Dakota, for two years and deputy county 
 assessor for an equal length of time. 
 
 In February, 1882, Mr. Lynch came to Montana and 
 located in Butte, where he became manager of the 
 extensive lumber business of Messrs. Parron, Wall & 
 Company, of which he was in charge until the fall of 
 1883. At that time he moved over to Anaconda, which 
 was then a city of tents. There he represented the 
 Montana Lumber and Produce company, and also united 
 with Giles Brownell in establishing the first livery stable 
 in the city. In addition, he formed a partnership with 
 C. W. Mather, under the firm name of Lynch & Mather, 
 and together they opened and conducted the Homestake 
 Hotel, an extensive hostelry with accommodations for 
 five hundred guests. In the winter of 1883-4 he dis- 
 posed of all his interests in Anaconda except his real 
 estate, and went to Eagle City in the Coeur d’ Alene 
 region, which was then attracting the attention and 
 thrilling the heart of the whole world through the rich 
 deposits of gold found in it. He found life there one 
 continual succession of hardships, with the necessaries 
 of existence held at fabulous prices and difficult to attain 
 even for them. On one occasion he was obliged to pa}'’ 
 one dollar for the privilege of sleeping in a pit covered 
 with snow, and other requisites were in proportion. 
 But he had gone to the wild region for business and 
 he determined to brave its dangers and endure its 
 privations for a time at least. He became interested in 
 and manager for the Eldorado Mining company, and 
 continued to look after its business for a number of 
 months, trying as the situation was. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Lynch returned to Butte and purchased 
 a wholesale liquor business, which he conducted suc- 
 cessfully and profitably until February, 1892. He then 
 sold this business and turned his attention to real estate 
 dealing on a large scale, in which he is still engaged. 
 His connection with this line of trade has given him 
 opportunities to do much for the improvement and 
 extension of the city. In 1893 he built the Lynch block 
 and a little later the Silver block, in the erection of 
 w'hich John Curtis was associated with him. He also 
 put up the Park block and other business structures 
 large in value and imposing in appearance. Mr. Lynch 
 
1182 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 is president of the J. H. Lynch Investment Company 
 and is president and one of the organizers of the Ama- 
 zon-Butte Copper Company. 
 
 From his youth Mr. Lynch has been warmly and 
 serviceably allied with the Democratic party in political 
 affairs, and wherever he has been has done what he 
 could to make it successful in all campaigns. As a 
 member of that party, and as a clear-headed and pro- 
 gressive business man he was chosen alderman from 
 the F'ourth ward in ]886. and served in that position 
 until 1890. During this ])eriod the city was reincor- 
 porated and its boumlaries w'ere e.xtended by additions 
 etjual to half its original size. The streets were graded 
 also, and many other valuable and commendable 
 improvements were m;ide, in all of which he took a 
 leading part as an advocate of progress and wielded a 
 potential influence in making others zealous in the 
 movement. Me was chairman of the linance committee 
 in the city council and for one term president of the 
 council. In 1884 President Cleveland appointed him 
 postmaster of the city for a term of four years, and 
 in this office he gave the people service that was uni- 
 versally commended. Mr. Lynch served one term as 
 representative from Butte and was a member of the 
 first body of the legislature that met in the new capitol 
 building. 
 
 The fraternal life of the community has interested 
 Mr. Lynch almost as much as its political affairs, and 
 its social activities have had the benefit of his energetic 
 and helpful support. He is a member of the Order of 
 Elks, and has been E.xalted Ruler of Butte Lodge No. 
 240 in the order. He has also served as district deputy 
 grand exalted ruler for Montana several terms, and has 
 represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge of the order. 
 Socially he is an active member of the Silver Bow 
 Club. He is a charter member of Butte Council No. 
 666, Knights of Columbus. 
 
 On March 29, 1880, Mr. Lynch was united in marriage 
 with Miss Mary Jane Lackie, a native of County Pon- 
 tiac, province of Quebec, Canada, and the daughter of 
 Hugh and Mary (Kelley) Lackie, also Canadians by 
 birth, the marriage being solemnized at Deadwood, in 
 the Black LI ills, where the bride was then residing with 
 her parents. 
 
 Mr. Lynch is a gentleman of unusual force of char- 
 acter and straightforwardness, candid, fearless and out- 
 spoken, where matters of principle are involved, though 
 courteous and considerate at all times. As a business 
 force in the community he has been of great service 
 and influence. As a citizen he is progressive, enter- 
 prising, farseeing and indomitable in his will to do 
 all in his power for the good of his city and state. 
 And here and elsewhere, in all he has undertaken, he 
 has bent circumstances to his purposes and made them 
 ministers to his advancement. Mr. Lynch is a fine 
 sample of the men who have made the great West and 
 the state of Montana what they are. 
 
 Frederick Edwin Hoss. An honest, courteous and 
 efficient public official, Frederick Edwin Hoss, state 
 examiner of Montana, is a consistent and persistent 
 booster of his adopted state, believing it to be the best 
 in the Lffiion, with Helena, his place of residence, its 
 finest city, A native of Pennsylvania, he was born June 
 6, i8s 5, in Philadelphia, where he was bred and edu- 
 cated, His father, the late John C. Hoss, was born in 
 Germany, and there learned the trade of a miller. 
 Shortly after his marriage he immigrated to the Lhiited 
 States, settling, in 1850, at Philadelphia, where he was 
 subsequently prosperously engaged in the transfer busi- 
 ness until his death in 1908. He married in Germany 
 Magdalena Eckstein. She died at Philadelphia in 1878, 
 leaving three children, as follows; Frederick Edwin; 
 John C., of Camden, New Jersev; and Katherine, wife 
 of Rudolph Beck, of Philadelphia, 
 
 Receiving his early education in the grammar schools 
 
 of his native city, Frederick E, Hoss afterward studied 
 the languages in a private school, and received his 
 business training in a commercial college. At the age 
 of seventeen years he became clerk for Seltzer & Mil- 
 ler, wholesale liquor dealers, with whom he remained in 
 that capacity for a number of years, during which time 
 he was almost a constant attendant at the evening 
 schools. 'Leaving Philadelphia in 1879, Mr. Hoss went 
 to Kansas City, Missouri, where he learned the trade 
 of a printer, serving an apprenticeship of three years 
 with the firm of Ramsey, Millet & Hudson. Coming 
 thence to Montana in 1882, Mr. Hoss located at Deer 
 Lodge, and during the following year worked for Capt 
 James H. Mills, proprietor of the leading newspaper of 
 that city. The Northzvcst, being foreman of the print- 
 ing office. He was afterward in the railway mail serv- 
 ice for eighteen months, resigning the position to 
 become assistant postmaster of Llelena, an office which 
 he held four years, from 1887 until 1891. Mr. Hoss was 
 afterwards under-sheriff of Lewis and Clark county, 
 Montana, six years, then becoming deputy assessor, and, 
 later, deputy county treasurer under C. B. Garrett, Mr, 
 Garrett resigning from the office, Mr, Hoss succeeded 
 him, filling out his unexpired term as treasurer. 
 
 Subsequently locating at Bozeman, Montana, Mr, 
 Hoss assumed the management of the Bozeman Chroi^- 
 icle. When that publication changed hands Mr. Hoss 
 instituted the Gallatin Farmer and Stockman, which he 
 published for a year and a half before selling out. 
 Returning then to Llelena, Mr. LIoss was for three 
 years manager of the Capitol Brewing Company, a posi- 
 tion which he resigned on account of ill health. At the 
 end of six months, having recovered his former physical 
 vigor, Mr. LIoss accepted the position of second assist- 
 ant state examiner, and has ^ince been advanced to the 
 office of first assistant state examiner, and state exam- 
 iner — a position which he is filling ably and faithfully. 
 He became head of his department by appointment of 
 Governor Norris, July i, 1912. Lie has been successful 
 in life, owning his home in Helena, and other interests 
 in the city. 
 
 Politically Mr. Hoss is a Democrat, and works hard, 
 though quietly, in the interest of his party. Fraternally 
 he is a member of King Solomon Lodge, No. 9, Ancient 
 Free and Accepted Order of Masons. 
 
 Mr. Hoss married Miss Anna Bell, of Stockton, Cali- 
 fornia, whose parents, William and Margaret Bell, 
 natives of Wisconsin, were pioneer settlers of Califor- 
 nia. Mr. and Mrs. LIoss are the parents of two chil- 
 dren, namely : Margaret M., wife of H. G. Torley, of 
 
 San Francisco, California; and Fred W., living at home. 
 
 Ch.\rles W. Cannon. Among the thousands of men 
 who cast their lot with the new and growing west, 
 leaving civilization and all the pleasures and enjoy- 
 ments to be found in older settled communities, de- 
 termined to hew out a career for themselves, was 
 Charles Wesley Cannon. He was a man of broad guage 
 and possessed of a foresight that was truly remarkable, 
 In character he was the peer of the best of the Mon- 
 tana pioneers, and when that is said it is a testimonial 
 that carries wdth it the assurance that he was one of 
 nature's noblemen. He was a merchant, upright and 
 honorable in all his dealings, and possessed the con- 
 fidence and esteem of all who knew' him, and as such, 
 and in many other ways, was one of the founders and 
 upbuilders of the great state of Montana. His domin- 
 ant traits were partly the inheritance from a sterling 
 ancestry, and partly the result of his own innate and in- 
 flexible determination to do right and good ; and in 
 all he was an eminent and unqualified success. His 
 ancestors were of the French Huguenot stock and he 
 dated his earliest forebears to Jan Cannon, the founder 
 of the family in America who sought refuge in the new 
 world on the revocation of the edict of Nantes in France. 
 He settled in New York in 1692, and w'as one of the 
 
HISTORY OF ^lOXTAXA 
 
 1183 
 
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 leading merchants and citizens of that city. His de- 
 scendants have had much to do with the best life and 
 history of the United States, and of community life, 
 and the name of Charles W. Cannon occupies a con- 
 spicuous place among these distinguished and worthy 
 citizens. His father was George Cannon of Stratford, 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Charles W. Cannon was born at Cleveland, Ohio, July 
 I, 1833. and removed at an early age with his parents 
 to Iowa, which was at that time a part of Michigan. 
 In the town of Dubuque the father established him- 
 self in the business of merchandising, and there Charles 
 W. Cannon passed his early youth, receiving his edu- 
 cation in the public schools. At the age of sixteen the 
 elder Cannon was incapacitated from attending to busi- 
 ness by reason of ill health, and the result was that 
 young Cannon was called upon to assume those du- 
 ties, which he did with great credit and ability. He 
 applied himself diligently and gained a knowledge and 
 e.xperience that were invaluable in after life. He con- 
 tinued in the merchandising business in Iowa until 1859, 
 when by double bereavement in the death of his father 
 and sister, he, with his brother Henry, decided to 
 leave that section of the country and try their for- 
 tunes in the far west. With this end in view they pur- 
 chased a team and wagon and started for Montana, then 
 one of the most widely advertised gold-mining regions 
 in the world. They traveled by the way of the South 
 Platte river, the overland route, across South Pass of 
 the Rocky mountains, and Lander’s cut-oft' to Snake 
 river, thence north to the place of their destination 
 which was Alder gulch. This plain statement of their 
 trip across the plains does not include the thrilling ad- 
 ventures with the Indians, and the hardships encount- 
 ered in the long trek to the land of gold. But they 
 had adventures in plenty, and not the least of these 
 was their encounter with hostile Indians. The dust, 
 the sand, the alkali waters, the dearth of fuel and all 
 the discomforts were experienced by the travelers, but , 
 they withstood them all and arrived safely in Virginia ' 
 City. In that town they at once started a store which ; 
 was successfully conducted by the brothers until the dis- 1 
 covery of gold in Last Chance gulch, when Charles W. j 
 Cannon immediately went to that camp and in Helena ' 
 started another merchandising store which was even- 
 tually merged into the firm of Kerchival, Cannon & 
 Company, one of the largest wholesale grocery and min- 
 ing supply houses in the then territory of Montana. As 
 an item of expense the company was obliged to«pay on 
 one installment of freight from St. Louis to Helena, 
 the sum of $67,000, or at the rate of sixteen cents per 
 pound. 
 
 Mr. Cannon continued his merchandising and also 
 engaged in mining, until 1882. when, with unusual fore- 
 sight, he saw the future of the citv of Helena with a 
 discernment that was a little less than marvelous. He 
 at once engaged in the real estate business in his 
 adopted city and home, and branched out into Butte 
 and Great Fall until he became one of the most ex- 
 tensive real estate operators and owners in Montana. 
 He was also the leader in many civic enterprises and 
 was mainly instrumental in establishing the first gas. 
 electric light and street railway system in Helena. He 
 was president of each of these companies, vice pres- 
 ident of the Montana Central Railway and a director 
 in the Montana National Bank. His enterprise was not 
 confined to the various important projects above men- 
 tioned, but included stock raising. He established and 
 owned in conjunction with his brother one of the larg- 
 est sheen, cattle and horse ranches in the state. 
 
 On March 17, i8tt, in Dubuque, Iowa, Mr. Cannon 
 rvas united in marriage with Miss Catherine B. iMar- 
 tine. the only child of Capt. W. W. Martine. of New 
 York Citv, and Asenath Newell, of Boston. Two beau- 
 tiful children were to bless their home, but were stricken 
 while barely entering upon their lives as a young man 
 
 and young woman. Bernice Martinique died in 1889, at 
 the age of eighteen years. William LeGrand, the son, 
 the pride of his father and the idol of his mother, was a 
 young man of much promise, handsome, chivalrous, of 
 engaging manner and generous nature, possessing all 
 those loving attributes that are so endearing to par- 
 ents and friends alike. He had all the promise of a 
 life of usefulness and honor among his fellow men 
 and, had he been permitted to live, would no doubt 
 have been a citizen of the fine traits of character and 
 progressiveness that so distinguished his father. He 
 died February 9, 1903. 
 
 Bereft of all that w^as most dear to her, IMrs. Cather- 
 ine B. Cannon, the fond mother and devoted wife, con- 
 tinues to reside at her home in Helena, a beautiful 
 residence on Broadway. She has many friends among 
 the old time citizens, as well as among the newer gen- 
 eration, and is looked upon as a genuine type of the 
 heroic women of the early history of Montana, who 
 braved all for those they loved and were as undaunted 
 by hardship trouble and danger as was their brothers 
 and fathers. A distinguishing monument to the mem- 
 ory of William LeGrand Cannon and one that is 
 destined to last for ages, is the LeGrand Cannon boule- 
 vard, a beautiful wide thoroughfare leading from the 
 west side of the city to the scenic regions of Ten Mile 
 creek, the Broadwater hotel and Natatorium. This 
 boulevard is pronounced by- travelers to be one of the 
 very best from a scenic point of view to be found in 
 the entire world. 
 
 Charles W. Cannon survived the death of his two 
 children and lived among the scenes and people he so 
 well loved, until September 4, 1909, when he crossed 
 the Great Divide and his earthly career closed. He 
 was in his seventy-seventh year. 
 
 Judge David M. Durfee, a practicing attorney in 
 Philipsburg, Montana, since 1882, was born in the 
 Empire state on July 22, 1855. He is the son of David 
 P. and Margaret E. (Rector) Durfee, both natives of 
 New York state. The father was born in Schenectady 
 county, and there passed his life in farming pursuits. 
 He died in 1887, at the age of seventy-five, and his wife 
 passed awa\- in 1878, aged sixty-one years. They are 
 buried side by side in the old burial place in their home 
 town in Schenectady county. Of the nine children born 
 to them, David M. of this review was the si.xth in 
 order of birth. 
 
 The early education of David i\[. Durfee was received 
 in the public schools of his native town, followed by 
 a^thorough course in the Lhiion Academy at Schoharie, 
 New York. The first money the boy earned was in 
 the capacity of chore boy on a neighboring farm. 
 While thus employed, he carried on his studies and 
 through careful application to his books fitted himself 
 for the position of a teacher in the schools of New 
 York state. He taught for some years, duri'/g that 
 time reading law and making such progress as he 
 might unaided by the advice of professional men or 
 other scholars. He gave up school teaching after a 
 few years and entered the law office of N. P. Hinman 
 at Albany. After three years teaching school in Somer- 
 set county. Maryland, he was admitted to the bar at 
 Annapolis, immediately after which he came west, arriv- 
 ing in Philipsburg in 1882. He here took up the active 
 practice of his profession, and here he has remained in 
 continuous practice since that time. He has made rapid 
 advances in his profession and is regarded as one of 
 the foremost men among the legal fraternity of this 
 section of the state. He was the first county attornev 
 elected in Deer Lodge county in 1886. In 1899 he was 
 elected a member of the constitutional convention, and 
 in the same year was elected to the office of the first 
 district judge of Deer Lodge county. Later he was 
 elected county attorney of Granite county, and is now 
 serving his fourth term in that capacity. Judge Durfet 
 
11H4 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 has been mayor of Philipsburg, and in that office, as 
 well as in the other official positions he has occupied 
 and still fills, his services were of a high order, always 
 tending to uplift and enhance the communal life. 
 
 Judge Durfee is a member of the Knights of Colum- 
 bus, the Knights of Pythias, the Royal Highlanders and 
 the Order of Kedmen. In the latter named society he 
 has filled all chairs and has been great sachem of the 
 state. Pie is a Democrat, and is ever active and alert 
 in matters of political import, and is rightly regarded 
 as one of the greatest fighters and most valuable men 
 the party claims today in his section of the country. 
 
 Judge Durfee has been twice married. Plis first 
 marriage occurred at Baltimore, Maryland, on Feb- 
 ruary I, 1888, when Amelia J. Irving became his wife. 
 The marriage ceremony was performed by Cardinal 
 Gibbons of Baltimore, an old and much loved friend 
 of the Irving family. She died in Missoula in 1902, 
 and is buried in Philipsburg. Four children were born 
 of this union, three daughters and one son. They are: 
 Amelia F.., a graduate of Bellingham (Washington) 
 Normal College, who lives at home in Philipsburg; 
 Thomas I., a student in the Montana State University 
 at Missoula; Adelaide, a graduate of the Philipsburg 
 high school, at present engaged in teaching; Marie J., 
 a graduate of the Philipsburg high school and living 
 at home. 
 
 In November, 1904, Judge Durfee was married to 
 Miss Elizabeth Kelly, a daughter of Patrick Kelly, of 
 San Francisco. The family are communicants of the 
 Roman . Catholic church, to which faith Judge Durfee 
 was a convert, and which he has faithfully maintained 
 since the days of his conversion. 
 
 Judge Durfee is a man of unwavering public spirit, 
 and is enthusiastically devoted to the state of Montana. 
 He does not hesitate to pronounce Montana potentially 
 the greatest agricultural state in the Union, and pre- 
 dicts that her future will be as much indebted to her 
 farming industry as to her great mineral wealth. 
 
 Franklin Griffith. Although not now a resident 
 of Montana, having left the Treasure state in 1909 for 
 the health-giving climate of the Pacific coast, Frank- 
 lin Griffith was for so many years identified with the 
 cattle and horse raising industry of Dawson county 
 that every old pioneer of the eastern part of the state 
 will remember him with pleasure. Given the choice 
 in young manhood of entering upon a business career 
 or devoting his activities to agricultural pursuits and 
 the breeding of stock, he chose the latter, and in 
 after years found no reason to regret his choice, 
 although like others engaged in this line of endeavor 
 he suffered his discouragements and his disappoint- 
 ments, but in the end he triumphed over all obstacles 
 and gained not only material success, but the unquali- 
 fied esteem of those in whose midst he had carried on 
 his life work. Franklin Griffith was born January 16, 
 1850, in Putnam county. Illinois, and is a son of George 
 and Lydia (Comley) Griffith, natives of Pennsylvania. 
 His father journeyed to the Prairie state in 1836, and 
 settled in Putnam county, where he was married. Sub- 
 sequently he became one of the prominent men of his 
 locality, engaging e.xtensively in agricultural opera- 
 tions and also being the owner of a large flour and 
 grist mill. He and his wife had three children: Hiram, 
 who now resides on Morgan Creek, Dawson county, 
 Montana: Franklin; and Isabel, who married H. E. 
 Beck and resides at Delta, Utah. 
 
 Franklin Griffith grew to manhood on his father’s 
 farm in Putnam county, Illinois, and received his early 
 education in the common schools of his native vicinity. 
 Later he attended the normal school at Carbondaie 
 for a short time, but, preferring farming to a busi- 
 ness life, returned home and there remained until 
 1^2. In that year he came to Glendive, Montana, and 
 with his brother Hiram conducted a dairy for one year. 
 
 but subsequently settled on a ranch located seven and 
 one-half miles east of Glendive. There he established 
 himself m the cattle business, with which he was soon 
 carrying on a successful horse business, and was ad- 
 vancing rapidly, when the severe winter of 1886-7 nearly 
 caused his failure, and all but wiped out his little cap- 
 ital. Nothing daunted, however, he continued to make 
 his home on the same ranch, where he gradually rebuilt 
 his business, dealing extensively in cattle and horses 
 Md shipping great numbers to the eastern markets! 
 He still has a large band of horses on this property 
 under the charge of Helland Brothers, approximately 
 300 head. In 1909, on account of the failure of his 
 wife s health, Mr. Griffith took her to California. The 
 old homestead, however, with its memories and the 
 friends that surround it, have always the first place 
 in their hearts, just as they still have a warm place in 
 the memories of those who knew them here. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Griffith are remembered as kindlv Christian people 
 as charitable neighbors and as excellent friends. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Griffith was married to a former school- 
 mate, Izadora Beck, daughter of Lewis I. and Cynthia 
 (Winters) Beck, the former a pioneer of 1829 in Put- 
 nam county, Illinois, where he 'was a farmer and saw 
 mill owner, his mill being first operated by twelve horses 
 and later by steam. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Griffith now have a pleasant home at 
 Haywood, a suburb of Oakland, California. He was 
 reared in the faith of the Quaker church, or Society 
 of Friends, and true to his early training, has never 
 used alcoholic liquor nor tobacco in any form. His 
 wife is a faithful member of the Baptist church, and 
 like her husband has the entire esteem and respect of 
 all who know her. 
 
 Arthur Armitage Needham. The Englishman is 
 preeminently a colonist. With the same attributes of 
 character and standards of life which have made the 
 greatness of America he has sought the uttermost parts 
 of the earth in finding scope for his capabilities. If 
 England’s area were measured in millions instead of in 
 thousands of square miles, we should hear wondrous 
 • tales of the vas.t schemes of internal development of 
 that country, but as it is_, the whole world has reaped 
 the benefit of English ideals, and nowhere than in 
 America is this more evident. It was the English 
 colonists who set their stamp upon the civilization of 
 our country, and from those times until now the little 
 island has contributed to our highest and most desir- 
 able citizenship. Of such ancestry is Mr. A. A. Need- 
 ham, the son of one of the early settlers of Salt Lake, 
 and himself one of the pioneers of Montana. John 
 Needham, his father, was born in Preston, England, 
 and it was there that he was married to Mary Ann 
 Booth, _ who was a native of the same district, 
 her birthplace being between Manchester and 
 Preston. When the family first came to America Mr. 
 Needham was in the mercantile business in St. Louis, 
 with a branch establishment in the frontier town of 
 Council Bluffs, Iowa. For some time Mrs. Needham 
 was in charge of this latter store, and this was in the 
 days when the wagon trains were crossing the prairies 
 ■ — then as trackless as inland seas — to and from the 
 gold country beyond the western mountains. Mrs. 
 Needham bought the first lot of goods that came over- 
 land through her place of business, and a little while 
 afterward, Mr. Needham disposed of his interest in St. 
 Louis and in Iowa, and with his family boarded a 
 “prairie schooner” and made the trip to Salt Lake City. 
 There were several families in that caravan, drawn by , 
 teams of oxen, and not all who started were permitted 
 to finish the journey. More than one of the emigrants 
 lost their lives in skirmishes with the Indians. Upon 
 arriving in the Mormon city Mr. Needham again went 
 into the mercantile business, and he followed this until 
 his family of seven boys and five girls were grown, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1185 
 
 after wiiicli Ire retired. IBotli lie and Mrs. Reedhani 
 ended tlieir days in Salt Lake. Mr. Needham passed 
 away in i899> some eighteen years after the death ot 
 
 his wife, . , . 
 
 Arthur Needham was the youngest of the tamily, 
 and was born in Salt Lake City on July 15, i860. Al- 
 though he early decided to follow the same course 
 which his father had, and to engage in business rather 
 than in one of the professions, he finished the course 
 of the public schools of his native city and also spent 
 a year in the Normal there. From the time he was 
 twelve Mr. Needham put in his vacations and his .spare 
 time in working in the stores of Salt Lake. His first 
 position was with Siegel Brothers, a clothing firm, and 
 from there he went to Auerbachs, where he remained 
 as long as he stayed in the city. 
 
 At the age of twenty Mr. Needham set up his own 
 household and the lady whom he selected to preside 
 over his home was Miss Matilda Tuckfield. She was 
 born in Swanzy, Wales, and her father, John Tuck- 
 field, in Lancashire, England. He was a mechanician, 
 and immigrated to America when Mrs. Needham was 
 a child of six. In Salt Lake he conducted a foundry 
 and machine shop, following the trade for which he 
 had been trained in his birthplace. His wife, Marion 
 Powell Tuckfield, died in Salt Lake in 1881. Her hus- 
 band survived her thirteen years, and both are laid at 
 rest in the city of their adoption. 
 
 Two years after his marriage Mr. Needham decided 
 to follow the example of his forebears, and to try his 
 fortune in a new country. Accordingly he came alone 
 to Montana and secured a position in the lively mining 
 town of Anaconda as weigher for the Anaconda Com- 
 pany. While in charge of the concentrator he weighed 
 some of the first ore brought in, and for a year he 
 worked for the mining company. He then decided 
 that he would cast his lot in the state, or rather in the 
 territory, of Montana, and he brought his wife to the 
 place and also left the mine to resume the work with 
 which he was most familiar. Entering the Foster 
 Estes Mercantile Company as manager, he remained 
 with the firm for thirteen years, having entire charge 
 of the dry goods department. He then came to White- 
 hall and for a period of three years was with the AIc- 
 Kay & Carmichael Mercantile Company here. Mr. 
 Needham then went into business for himself, and or- 
 ganized the Whitehall Trading Company, of which he 
 is the head. It was not long until he bought the dry 
 goods and the clothing departments of the store in 
 which he had been employed, and his business is now 
 one of the largest and most lucrative in this section 
 of the country. When it is stated that Mr. Needham has 
 attained his present position through his own unaided 
 efforts, no further comment upon his efficiency and 
 business acumen is necessary. He has had the trying 
 experiences which are the portion of the early comers 
 into undeveloped regions, but his confidence in the 
 country has never failed. 
 
 Mr. Needham does not confine his activities in the 
 agencies which make for the progress of Whitehall 
 entirely to the commercial field. He is a rnember of the 
 Episcopal church and an active worker in that body. 
 A man of rare strength and nobility of character, he 
 possesses also the charm of manner which is so strong 
 a factor for popularity, and the combination of these 
 traits makes him a powerful influence in every move- 
 ment for the upbuilding of the city along every line. 
 In the secret orders Mr. Needham belongs to the 
 Masons, and he takes no small interest. in lodge mat- 
 ters. At present he is secretary of Whitehall Lodge, 
 and he is also a past master. Civic matters, too, claim 
 a good share of his attention, and he is active in the 
 councils of the Republican party. With all his various 
 occupations he finds time for recreation out of doors, 
 and his ideal of a day off is to shoulder a gun and to 
 stalk some Montana game. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Needham have four children and three 
 grandchildren. The eldest son, Arthur Joseph Need- 
 ham, has a son, whose baptismal name is also Arthur. 
 Livingston is the home of the younger Needham fam- 
 ily. rhe older daughter, her mother's namesake, is 
 also married and has a son and a daughter. She was 
 born in 1885, two years after her brother. Her hus- 
 band is Mr. John I. Johnson, station agent at Spencer, 
 Idaho, for the Oregon Short Line. John Estes Need- 
 ham, aged twenty in 1912, is associated with his father 
 in the store at Whitehall, and Dorothy, the youngest is 
 still in school. The young people share in the popu- 
 larity of their parents and bid fair to fill as honored and 
 as useful spheres in the community. Theirs is a heritage 
 of not merely worldly substance but of high principles 
 and of neighborly kindness, the essentials of happy 
 living. 
 
 Thom.\s J. W.'tLKER. An eminently esteemed and 
 useful citizen of Butte, Montana, Thomas J. Walker 
 is not only an able representative of the legal frater- 
 nity of Silver Bow county, .but is prominently identi- 
 fied with public affairs, having served two terms in 
 the state legislature and being now county attorney. 
 A son of David Walker, he was born March 25, 1878, 
 in Plymouth, Pennsylvaia, of excellent Irish ancestry, 
 his paternal grandfather. Lieutenant William Walker, 
 who immigrated from Ireland to the United States, 
 having served as an officer in the Civil war. 
 
 Born, reared and married in Pennsylvania, his birth 
 occurring there in 1844, David Walker came with his 
 family to Montana in the early eighties, and was sub- 
 sequently identified with the mining interests in and 
 around Butte until his death, in 1902. He married 
 Ellen Commerford, who was born in Pennsylvania 
 in 1851, a daughter of John Commerford, who was 
 born and bred in Ireland, and on immigrating to 
 America settled in the Keystone state. She is still 
 living in Butte, and is the mother of the following 
 children ; Thomas J., with whom this sketch is chiefly 
 concerned; Frank C. Walker, a lawyer now employed in 
 the office of the county attorney, in Butte; Katharine 
 T., widow of John W. Cotter, a well-known attorney 
 of Butte; Mary, wife of Glenn B. Harrington, a prom- 
 inent real estate dealer of Spokane, Washington; and 
 Nellie Walker and Marguerite Walker, attending school 
 in Butte. 
 
 Obtaining his preliminary education in the public 
 and parochial schools of Butte, Thomas J. Walker con- 
 tinued his studies in Salt Lake City, Utah, at All 
 Hallows College. Subsequently entering Georgetown 
 University, he spent three years in the classical course 
 and then entered the Universitr^ of Virginia, where 
 he was graduated from its Law Department, with 
 the degree of LL. B., in 1902, and immediately began 
 the practice of his chosen profession in Butte, where 
 he has met with noteworthy success, having been a 
 leading factor since in the courts of the state. For 
 three years after becoming a full-fledged lawyer he 
 was associated with the w'ell-known firm of McHat- 
 ton & Cotter, but since 1905 he has been in partner- 
 ship with Edwin M. Lamb, and has won a substantial 
 patronage, his practice being extensive and lucrative. 
 
 Politically Mr. Walker is a sound Democrat, and in- 
 fluential in the party. He represented his district in 
 the state legislature during the term of 1905 and 1906, 
 serving with acceptability. In 1908 Mr. Walker was 
 elected attorney of Silver Bow county, and in that 
 capacity proved himself so capable and efficient that his 
 constituents gladly returned him to the same office 
 in 1911. 
 
 Prominent and active in social and fraternal organ- 
 izations. Mr. Walker is a member of the Country 
 Club; the Silver Bow Club; the University Club; the 
 Lambs’ Club ; the Benevolent and Protective Order 
 of Elks ; the Order of Eagles ; and the Knights of 
 
1186 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Columbus. Religiously he is a consistent member of 
 ilie Roman Catholic church. He is an ardent sports- 
 man, fond of fishing and hunting, and has been partic- 
 ularly successful in bringing down big game. 
 
 ■Mr. Walker married, June 7, 1905, in Helena, Mon- 
 tana, Maud Galen, whose parents, Hugh and Matilda 
 Galen, were early settlers of Helena, and there spent 
 the last years of their lives. 
 
 Henri J. Haskell. From the time of the dark days 
 of the great Civil war, in which he acted as a loyal 
 soldier, Henri J. Haskell has done much for each com- 
 munity in which he has lived, this fact being attested 
 by the warm regard and high esteem in which he is 
 universally held. Mr. Haskell was born in Palmyra, 
 Somerset county, Maine, July 20, 1843, and is a son of 
 Aretas and Sophia (Hathorn) Haskell. The early edu- 
 cation of Henri J. Haskell was secured in the Maine 
 Central Institute, at Pittsfield, and when he was nine- 
 teen years of age, in July, 1862, he enlisted in Company 
 B, First Maine Cavalry, joining the Army of the Poto- 
 mac. On securing his honorable discharge, March 31, 
 1865, he returned home, and after he had recuperated 
 from his wound, engaged in working on his father’s 
 farm. In 1867 he left his native state and went to 
 California, where he began to read law in Marysville, 
 with the law firm of Eastman & Merrill until his admit- 
 tance to the bar in that city in 1875. He then continued 
 in practice alone for one year, when he returned to his 
 native state and practiced law in Pittsfield until 1882, 
 which year saw -his advent in the little city of Glen- 
 dive, Montana, which has since been his home. 
 
 In 1883 Mr. Flaskell was appointed deputy clerk of 
 the Third District court, an office which he held until 
 1886, and in 1887 was appointed deputy district at- 
 torney. In 1888 he was elected county attorney, and he 
 subsequently became a member of the First territorial 
 house of representatives, sixteenth regular session, end- 
 ing in March, 18S9, as well as ot the constitutional 
 convention. 
 
 In i88g Mr. Haskell was elected attorney general of 
 the state, serving three years during his first term and 
 being reelected to a term of four years. In 1884 he was 
 .'ippointed local attorney for the N'orthern Pacific Rail- 
 road by his friend, Wilbur Fisk Sanders, a po.sition 
 which he held until 1889, and since that year has been 
 engaged in general practice. 
 
 In 1868 Mr. Haskell was made a member of Medidian 
 Lodge No. 32, A. F. & A. M., at Pittsfield, Maine, 
 and later, in 1S85, he became a charter member of 
 Glcndive Lodge No. 31, A. F. & A. M., of which he is 
 past master. He is also identified with Yellowstone 
 Chapter No. 5, R. A. M., at Glendive, of which he is 
 past high priest; Damascus Commandery No. 4, K. T., 
 of which he is past eminent commander ; and Algeria 
 Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Helena, Montana; and 
 Chapter No. 5, O. E. S. In politics he is a Repub- 
 lican. 
 
 In June, 1883, Mr. Haskell was married to Miss Nellie 
 1 'owle, a native of Enfield, Grafton county. New Hamp- 
 shire. and two children were born to this union, both 
 of whom died in infancy. After the death of his first 
 wife, Mr. Haskell married Ella Knowles, who died in 
 igio, without issue. 
 
 Francis E. Foote was born in Ithaca. New York, 
 June 16, 1857, and resided there until 1882, when he 
 came to Montana, settling first in Helena. He re- 
 mained there only three months and then came to Dil- 
 lon. reaching here in May. 1882. This has been his 
 home since that date. After a few months in Dillon 
 he took charge of the Tribune and has managed it 
 continuously all these years. At first it was a very 
 meager plant and only a small four-page paper. To- 
 day it IS well equipped and is one of the most modern 
 newspaper plants in the state, as well as one of the 
 
 leading papers. Mr. Foote has followed newspaper 
 work all his life, and through his own personal efforts 
 and ability has built up his present business. He has 
 made his own way absolutely. 
 
 His first vvork in the printing business and where 
 he learned his trade was with Andrus McChain and 
 Lyons in_ Ithaca, New York. But previous to this he 
 earned his first money as a boy working in a grocery 
 store. His early education was received in the public 
 schools of Ithaca and in the night schools. He at- 
 tended lectures in the evenings. 
 
 Mr. Foote is a Republican and is very active in the 
 councils of the party, but he positively refuses to ac- 
 cept office for himself, as his business takes all his 
 time. His paper by its admirable quality reveals the 
 fact that it receives the steadfast attention of its 
 manager. Mr. koote is an enthuiastic lover of music. 
 
 ^He was married in Ithaca, New York, April 15, 
 1880, to Miss Ida May Massey, daughter of Jacob 
 and Fanny Massey of Ithaca. Mrs. Foote belongs to 
 various societies and is an active member of the Bap- 
 tist church. 
 
 Mr. Foote's father was Christopher J. Foote, who 
 was born in New York. He ran canal boats on the 
 Erie Canal from Ithaca to New York. He died in 
 May, 1879, at the age of sixty-nine, and is buried at 
 Ithaca. The mother was Abigail S. Foote, who was 
 born June 26, 1816. and died November 12, 1874. The 
 father and mother are buried side by side in Ithaca. 
 There were five children in the elder Foote family, all 
 boys, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. 
 
 William Haskill Orr was born in Sherbrook, 
 Canada, on February 5, 1859. His father, Samuel Orr, 
 was a Scot of the city of Glasgow, who came to Canada 
 in his youth, and took up the occupation of farming 
 in the new country, continuing in that occupation until 
 his death in 1906, at the age of seventy-six years. Mr. 
 Orr was married to a young woman who like himself, 
 was born on the other side of the Atlantic, Miss Maryan 
 Johnson, a native of Wales. She was three years his 
 junior but she passed from this life in the same year 
 in which her husband did, and they are buried side by 
 side in Sherbrook. They were the parents of four 
 girls and six boys, and the subject of this sketch is 
 the ninth of the family in point of age. 
 
 Mr. Orr attended school in the district where he was 
 born, and at the age of fourteen began his commercial 
 career. He earned his first money at this time carrying 
 water for the Quebec Central Railway. For this serv- 
 ice he received twenty-five cents a day. At the age 
 of eighteen, he graduated from the Sherbrook high 
 school, and the same year left his native place and 
 came into the states. He first settled in Colorado, 
 where he worked for the Boston-Colorado Smelting 
 Company, having a position in their assaying office. He 
 remained with this concern for five years and then 
 came to Montana and began a contracting business in 
 Helena. 
 
 The twelve years which Mr. Orr spent in the capital 
 were eventful and prosperous ones. He soon gained 
 recognition as a business man of unusual acumen and 
 was also prominent in the civic affairs of the com- 
 munity. He held the offices of street commissioner, 
 building inspector and inspector of weights and meas- 
 ures while residing in Helena. The Republican party 
 found in him one of its strongest powers, and the 
 organization was prompt to employ his talent for or- 
 ganization and leadership. More than once he was 
 called upon by his party to serve as chairman of the 
 central committee of the county while a resident of 
 Silver Bow, and previous to that time while residing 
 in Lewis and Clark county, he several times filled 
 the same office there. 
 
 Mr. Orr left Helena to accept a position in Butte 
 
r 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 h 
 
 
 
 i- 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 '.:ia 
 
 '"V 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1187 
 
 with the Great Northern Railway. He had charge of 
 their coal industry, and the vast volume of business 
 which they did both in the wholesale and in the retail 
 lines, was under his exclusive management. His work 
 attracted attention of the O. R. & N. Company, and 
 they induced him to leave the Great Northern to be- 
 come their traveling agent. He was to look after their 
 coal claims in four states, Montana, Utah, Idaho and 
 Wyoming. After some time with this company Mr. 
 Orr decided to go into business for himself, and ac- 
 cordingly he opened a real estate office, and for a num- 
 ber of years has been engaged in this line of work, 
 dealing chiefly in farm lands. It is superfluous to say 
 that he has been successful in this undertaking. In 
 fact his business absorbs so much of his time and at- 
 tention that he has ceased to take any active part in 
 politics, but none the less, he is regarded as one of the 
 able counselors of the party, and he is frequently called 
 into consultation by the leaders who profit by his 
 wisdom and his experience. James A. Garfield w'as the 
 first president for whom Mr. Orr cast his vote, and 
 he has done a generous share ever since that time to- 
 ward placing the candidates for office into the various 
 posts which the Republican party has filled. 
 
 Not only in politics but in lodge circles Mr. Orr 
 has become known for his enthusiasm and his willing- 
 ness to work for the good of the order. He belongs 
 to the Elks, in which body he has passed through all 
 the chairs and is past exalted ruler of the Helena 
 Lodge, No. 193. In the Masonic order of the same 
 city he is a member of Myrtle Lodge, No. 3, and a 
 past chancellor, and in the Queen City Lodge of the Odd 
 Fellows he is a past master. Mr. Orr is a member 01 
 the Episcopal church, as is befitting a native of Canada, 
 but he does not find time to take a very active part 
 in the work of that denomination, though he is genu- 
 inely interested in its progress and always ready to 
 advance its interests. His career has been one of 
 achievement and of effort, and he can truly be said 
 to be a contribution to the development of the country. 
 
 Henry A. Meyer was born at Hanover, Germany, 
 on February i, 1864. He lived in the famous German 
 city until he was fourteen, and in its superior schools 
 laid the foundation of his education. The family 
 came to America in 1878, and Henry continued his 
 schooling in the city of New York until he was six- 
 teen. Here, too, he took his first position as a wage 
 earner, that of clerk in a grocery store, and he kept 
 it until he came to Montana in 1882. 
 
 It was in 1883 that Mr. Meyer first embarked in the 
 hotel business, and from the first he made a success of 
 it. A good hostelry is an immense business_ asset to 
 any community, but in a country where transients and 
 pioneers make up so large a proportion of the popula- 
 tion as in the northwest, the man who feeds and shel- 
 ters the sojourners satisfactorily is nothing short of a 
 benefactor. Mr. Meyer commenced his career in this 
 line with Jacob Tietjen, at Helena, in “The Golden 
 Spike,” and the partnership lasted for one year. Mr. 
 Meyer then sold out his interests and went to work for 
 I. Marks, with whom he remained for four years. At 
 this juncture, he was prevailed upon to accept the posi- 
 tion of steward for the Montana Club, and in February, 
 1889, entered upon the duties of that office. He thus 
 served until August i, 1903, when he and Mr. Peterson 
 secured a lease on the Helena Hotel. For three years 
 they conducted the place with profit to themselves and 
 satisfaction to their patrons, and then Mr. Meyer bought 
 out his partner. Mr. Meyer's next step was to organize 
 the Capital City Hotel Company, and he continued to 
 run the Helena hotel until the lease expired in 1906. 
 It was at this time that he bought the Grandon Hotel, 
 which is known as one of the finest in Montana. It was 
 one of the first high grade hotels in the state, and, un- 
 like many an old-time favorite, has not been left behind 
 voi. n— 22 
 
 in the march of improvement, but, under its excellent 
 management, maintains the reputation of its best days. 
 Another enterprise of Mr. Meyer’s in 1907, was the 
 opening and remodeling (as manager) of the famous 
 Broadwater Hotel, owned by Mr. James Breen and 
 others. This hotel was operated in connection with 
 the Broadwater amusement park during the summer 
 months, and as many were attracted by the remedial 
 benefits of the famous hot spring, as well as by the 
 summer resort features, the hotel had a large patronage. 
 Mr. Meyer is one of the very best hotel men in the 
 state, as well as one of the most popular. 
 
 Mrs. Meyer was formerly Miss Sarah Wood, a popu- 
 lar young woman in Helena society. Her marriage to 
 Mr. Me3^er took place in Helena on October 7, 1891. 
 There have been three children born of their union; 
 Jesse Henry Meyer, July 30, 1892; Elona Marie, March 
 17, 1894, and Robert John, August 13, 1896. The eldest 
 boy is a graduate of the Helena Business College and 
 is now steward of the Grandon Hotel ; the daughter is 
 in high school, and the youngest is in the grades. 
 
 Mr. Meyer had three brothers and the same number 
 of sisters. One of the latter is dead. Miss Wilhelmina 
 Meyer. Of the others, Ferdinand lives in New York 
 City, as does also Richard. Mary and Katherine re- 
 side in New York, and John resides in Germany with 
 his mother, Marie Swanamann Meyer. She is now 
 seventy-two years old, as she was born in 1840. Her 
 lamented husband, Hartwig F. Meyer, was born in Ger- 
 many in 1832, and died in that country in 1883. He was 
 a farmer and a soldier, as his ancestors were before 
 him, one having been in the battle of Waterloo. 
 
 Mr. Meyer is a man of some influence in the Republi- 
 can party, though he has not much time for political 
 activities. He served as alderman from the Seventh 
 Ward from 1901 to 1903. In the lodges he is prominent 
 and popular. He belongs to the Elks, the Eagles and to 
 the Woodmen of the World, besides having taken all 
 degrees in the Masonic order, and being grand treasurer 
 of state in the order of Odd Fellows. He has long been 
 one of the enthusiastic members of the Montana Club, 
 whose affairs he administered so well in earlier days. 
 Both Mr. and Mrs. Meyer are communicants of St. 
 Peter's Episcopal church, and here as in all circles in 
 which he mingles, Mr. Meyer has a gratifyingly long list 
 of friends. Montana claims him as one of her repre- 
 sentative business men, and he is, of course, a thorough 
 Montanian. 
 
 Frank D. Sayrs, prominent in real estate and in- 
 surance circles and police magistrate and justice of 
 the peace in Philipsburg, was born in Battle Creek, 
 Michigan, on March 7, 1855. He is the son of George 
 M. and Mary J. (Ferris) Sayrs. The father was born 
 in New Jersey, and settled in Michigan as a young 
 man, locating on a tract of government land and de- 
 voting the remainder of his life to the improving and 
 working of the farm thus gained. He died in 1858, 
 at the age of fifty-five years. His widow still survives 
 him and lives on the old home place which her father 
 filed on from the government in 1836, and of which 
 she eventuall}^ became the owner. They were the 
 parents of two children, Frank D. being the younger. 
 The other, Mrs. Emma Connolly, lives at Hammond, 
 Indiana. 
 
 The early education of Frank Sayrs was received 
 in the district school of his locality. In that day the 
 free institution was not yet in vogue, and the schools, 
 such as the>' were, were maintained by a pro rata sub- 
 scription by the parents of the children. He remained 
 at home until he was nineteen j^ears of age and then 
 went to^ work on the Michigan Central Railroad, con- 
 tinuing in that manner for eight years. During the last 
 five years of his service with the Michigan Central 
 he worked in the capacity of a conductor, and when 
 he came west, after eight years with the Michigan Cen- 
 
1188 
 
 HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 tral, he entered the same line of work for the Northern 
 i'ac’ilic Railroad. He took his first train out of Glen- 
 dive in May, 1882, and has been a resident of the state 
 of Montana continuously since that time. He con- 
 tinued with the Northern Pacific for five years as a 
 conductor, after which he came to Philipsburg, since 
 which time he has made this place his home. The first 
 year he was located in Philipsburg Mr. Sayrs engaged 
 in the clothing business. Pie sold out in a year’s time, 
 iKjwever, and thereafter devoted his undivided atten- 
 tion to mining interests for a number of years. His 
 ne.xt business venture was in mercantile lines again, 
 and he followed that business for a matter of seven 
 years. For the past eight years he has been engaged 
 in real estate and insurance and conducts a thriving 
 trade in these lines. He maintains his offices in the 
 Sayrs Building, of which he is the owner. 
 
 Mr. Sayrs is a Democrat and is always up and do- 
 ing in the interests of the party. Pie is justice of the 
 jieace and police magistrate in Philipsburg, offices which 
 he has held for the past four years. He is a member 
 of the Masonic fraternity at Jackson, Michigan, and 
 is associated with Jackson Lodge, No. 17, Jackson 
 Chapter, No. 3, Jackson Council, No. 8, and Jackson 
 Commandery, No. 9, Knights Templar. He became a 
 Alaster Mason in 1878 and a Knight Templar in 1880. 
 He also retains his old time membership in the Or- 
 der of Railway Conductors, although it is many years 
 since he has been out of the service. He is a member 
 of the Chamber of Commerce, and is prominent and 
 active in all matters tending to enhance the general 
 warfare of the community. Mr. Sayrs is a man who 
 lias done a considerable traveling in his day, and he is 
 enthusiastic in regard to the superiority of Montana 
 over other states and countries. lie says that from 
 Alaska to Chile, he saw nothing to compare with the 
 state of Montana in climate, hospitality, business oppor- 
 tunities. and all qualities of excellence. 
 
 Mr. Sayrs was united in marriage with Miss Amanda 
 L. Erickson at Philipsburg on June 14, 1891. Mrs. 
 Sayrs is a native of Sweden. They are members of the 
 Eastern Star, Pearl Chapter, at Philipsburg, and Mrs. 
 Sayrs served as worthy matron in 1904 and has held 
 offices in the Grand Chapter. 
 
 Lawrence Hauck. There is perhaps no more pop- 
 ular or better known man in Philiosburg than Lawrence 
 Hauck, a resident of the state since 1882, and of this 
 city for the greater part of the time since then. Mr. 
 Hauck is actively’’ connected with a number of the 
 more important enterprises known to the city, and has 
 been postmaster since 1899. He is president of the 
 First State Bank of Philipsburg, established in April, 
 1912, and_a principal stock-holder in the institution; 
 he is president of the McClees Jewelry Company, and 
 editor and proprietor of the Philipsburg Mail. In 
 his various business associations he has won to him- 
 self a prominence commensurate with the importance 
 of these several industries, and stands high in the es- 
 teem_ and regard of the community with which he cast 
 in his lot more than a quarter of a century ago. 
 
 Air. FTauck was born in Germany, on December 22, 
 r867. Tie is the son of John and Lena (Koetzner) 
 FIauck._ natives of Germany, who have there passed 
 their lives. The father is in the government service 
 and has been for manv years, in the canacitv of road 
 master. The wife and mother died in 1873, at the age 
 of forty-four years. Of their four children Lawrence 
 Hauck was the second born. One sister, Mrs. F. F. 
 AlcSpadden, lives in Missoula. Alontana. 
 
 When Lawrence Hauck was about fifteen years old 
 he came to America. He made his way directlv to Deer 
 Lodge, Montana, on arriving on these shores, and 
 since 7882 Montana has been his home. 
 
 When in the Fatherland, young Hauck had attended 
 the public schools until the time of his departure for 
 
 America, and after locating here he decided that it 
 would be best for him to continue his studies in Ameri- 
 can schools, and he accordingly gave up his winters to 
 study in the Montana College for a number of years, 
 working on a ranch in the summer time. In 1^7 he 
 came to Philipsburg and secured a position as clerk 
 in a store. His knowledge of the German made him 
 a valuable salesman, and he remained there for a year, 
 then going to Virginia City, Montana, where he ac- 
 cepted a clerical position with S. R. Buford & Company. 
 He continued in their service for three years and then 
 returned to Philipsburg, w'here.he took a similar po- 
 sition with Freyschlag Huffman & Company. After two 
 years in that connection he went into the First National 
 Bank of Philipsburg in a clerical capacity, remaining 
 with them until they went out of business. In 189S 
 Mr, Hauck purchased an interest in the Philipsburg 
 Mail. A little later he bou.ght out his partners, and for 
 the last eight years he has been running it as owner and 
 editor. It is an enterprising and newsy sheet under 
 his management, and is the leading and most popular 
 newspaper in the county today, as well as the oldest. 
 
 Mr. Hauck is a member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 and is affiliated with Flint Creek Lodge, Hope Chapter 
 and the Order of the Eastern Star. He is also a mem- 
 ber of the Sons of Hermann, and is a member of the 
 Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Hauck was city treasurer- 
 for one term, and was for years a member of the county 
 school board, being its president for two terms. He 
 is a Republican, and is active and helpful in all the 
 interests of the party. He has been chairman of the 
 county central committee for ten years, and is regarded 
 as one of the strong men of the party in his district. 
 In all the years that Mr. Hauck has been connected with 
 the municipal and commercial life of Granite county, 
 it is a noted fact that he has never once made a failure 
 of any project he gave his aid and support to. To win 
 the co-operation of this man to any enterprise has been 
 to make a success of the highest order of that enter- 
 prise. His deliberate methods, his conservatism, his 
 excellent judgment and his unusual business acumen, all 
 conspired, with his sturdy character, to make of his 
 life a real and worthy success, and he is justly regarded 
 as one whose career might in all fitness be emulated 
 by the rising generation. 
 
 Mr. Hauck was married on August 28, 1893, at Phil- 
 ipsburg, to Miss Dora Kroger, daughter of Charles and 
 Anna Kroger, of Philipsburg. Five children have been 
 born to them, two sons and three daughters. The 
 eldest, Herman, has passed through the public schools 
 of Philipsburg and is now attending the Granite county 
 high school. Catherine D. is attending school, and is 
 an advanced pupil in music, for which she shows an 
 unusual talent. Elsie C. and Dora M. are also attend- 
 ing school in the home town, while the youngest, John 
 C., is not yet of school age. The family are communi- 
 cants of the Episcopal church of Philipsburg, and Mrs. 
 Hauck is especially active in the 7vork of the church. 
 
 John C. Sorenson. It would be far beyond the 
 realms of necessity to introduce John C. Sorenson, the 
 efficient and popular postmaster, to the people of Glen- 
 dive, for during the five years that he has been the in- 
 cuml3ent of his present office he has discharged the 
 duties connected therewith in such a satisfactory man- 
 ner as to win the entire confidence and esteem of his 
 fellow townsmen. Mr. Sorenson was born at Ulfsten. 
 Norwav, February 24, 1861, and is a son of Soren and 
 Helen '(Ellingsen) Sorenson, natives of that place, both 
 of whom are deceased. They were farming people and 
 had a family of six children, of whom five still sur- 
 vive, while John C. is the third in order of birth. 
 
 John C. Sorenson was educated in his native country, 
 and came to the United States in 1880, on July 2nd of 
 which year he settled in Lyon county, Minnesota. After 
 working one year as a farm hand he removed to Fargo, 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1189 
 
 North Dakota, but on October 25, 1882, came to Glen- 
 dive, Montana, which city has since been his home. He 
 first secured work in the construction of the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad, and in the fall of 1883 began work- 
 ing in the mechanical department of that road. Pie 
 continued in the shops and roundhouse for some years, 
 then becoming a locomotive fireman, a position which 
 he held until being promoted to engineer. Mr. Soren- 
 son took his first run in the latter position July 2, 
 1888, and continued as freight and passenger engineer 
 until 1900. He was hurt and when able to work again 
 he was given the position of inspector of engines. This 
 position he held until February, 1907, when he was first 
 appointed postmaster, and on December 18, 1911, re- 
 ceived his second appointment. Holding in high re- 
 gard the responsibilities of his office, Mr. Sorenson has 
 made a most excellent official, and the record made and 
 maintained b>' him entitles him to the high regard in 
 which he is universally held. Pie has improved condi- 
 tions in the local service in numerous ways at all times 
 being conscientious in his regard for the public wel- 
 fare. Fraternally Mr. Sorenson is connected with 
 Glendive Lodge, No. 31, A. F. & A. M., Chapter No. 
 5, R. A. M., Damascus Commandery, No. 4, K. T., 
 and Yellowstone Chapter, No. 5, 0 . E. S., of which 
 latter his wife and daughter are also members. He 
 belongs to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, 
 and in politics strictly supports the principles and can- 
 didates of the Republican party. 
 
 On February 29, 1888, Mr. Sorenson was married in 
 Glendive, Montana, to Miss Alice Twible, who was born 
 in Chicago, Illinois, daughter of George and Mary 
 Twible, the former a native of Ireland and the latter 
 of England. Mr. Twibble is now a resident of Glen- 
 dive, but his wife is deceased. They had three children, 
 of whom Mrs. Sorenson is the second in order of 
 birth. Mr. and Mrs. Sorenson have had two children : 
 Robert, who died at the age of two years, and Etta J. 
 During his residence in Glendive Mr. Sorenson has 
 made numerous friends, and in addition to being promi- 
 nent in fraternal and official circles of the city, has a 
 wide acquaintance among railroad men in this section 
 of the state. 
 
 Lewis H. Fenske. Possessing the thrift, energy 
 and enterprise which characterizes his race, Lewis H. 
 Fenske is one of the successful business men of Bil- 
 lings, where he has been engaged in the wholesale 
 liquor and cigar business for thirty years. Starting 
 in life a poor boy, with only an ordinary educational 
 training, and no financial advantages nor influential 
 friends to assist him, he has steadily forged his way 
 forward, grasping opportunities as they have presented 
 themselves, until he now stands in the front rank of 
 the men engaged in his line of industry. Mr. Fenske 
 was born in Brandenburg, Germany, July 7, 1854, and 
 is a son of Lewis Karl and Rosia (Stinke) Fenske, 
 natives of the same place. 
 
 Lewis Karl Fenske was a farmer and wagon maker 
 by occupation in his native country, and in 1865 de- 
 cided to try his fortune in the United States. Arriving 
 in New York City, on the steamer “Hanzer,” with his 
 wife and six children, he made his way to Berlin, Wis- 
 consin, and there continued in business until No- 
 vember, 1899, following the same lines in which he had 
 become skilled in Germany. On retiring from business 
 activities he removed to Billings, and here his death 
 occurred in 1908. He and his wife were consistent 
 members of the German Lutheran church, and in polit- 
 ical matters he was an adherent of Republican prin- 
 ciples. Of the seven children born to Lewis Karl and 
 Rosia (Stinke) Fenske, three are now living, namely: 
 A. A., Lewis H. and T. H. 
 
 Lewis H. Fenske was eleven years of age when he 
 accompanied his parents to the United States, and his 
 education was completed in the schools of Berlin, 
 
 Wisconsin. When he had reached the age of twenty 
 years he removed to Oshkosh, Wisconsin, at which 
 place he learned the tinner’s trade, at which he worked 
 for about five years, and then went to Bismarck, North 
 Dakota. At that place he began to deal in wholesale 
 liquors and cigars, and on coming to Billings, in 1882, 
 continued to follow the same line. As the city has 
 gnown, so has Mr. Fenske's business increased, and 
 he now has a successful and thriving trade which ex- 
 tends all over this part of the Yellowstone Valley. 
 His long experience in the business has made him 
 thoroughly conversant with every detail of this in- 
 dustry, and the manner in which he has conducted his 
 operations has won him recognition as .a business man 
 of the highest integrity. One of the pioneer busi- 
 ness men of the city, he was elected the first aider- 
 man from the First ward of Billings, and served in 
 that capacity with credit to himself and to the entire 
 satisfaction of his constituents. He is a recognized 
 Republican leader in his district. Fraternally Mr. 
 
 Fenske is affiliated with Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, A. F. 
 & A. M. ; Billings Chapter, No. 6, R. A. M. ; Aldemar 
 Commandery, No. 5, K. T., and Algeria Temple, 
 Helena, Montana, in all of which he is very popular. 
 In addition to the enterprise which he has built up him- 
 self, he is interested in the oil business in Wyoming, 
 and in insurance matters in Spokane, Washington, and 
 is a stockholder in the Yellowstone National Bank, of 
 which he was for some time a director. 
 
 Mr. Fenske was married in November, 1884, to Miss 
 Virginia Ross, who was born in Minneapolis, Minne- 
 sota. daughter of John Ross.- The comfortable family 
 home is situated at No. 3633 Montana avenue. 
 
 William Howard Trippet, a prominent lawyer of 
 Anaconda and a resident of the state since 1882, is a 
 native of the Hoosier state, born near Princeton on the 
 i8th of April, 1847. He is the son of Caleb Trippet 
 and his wife, Mary M. (Fentriss) Trippet. who were 
 married in Indiana in June, 1846. Caleb Trippet was 
 born in Gibson county, Indiana, on April 19, 1818, and 
 he lived there all his life. He was a prominent farrner 
 and was a leader in the political life of his community, 
 holding many important offices. He died in 1893, aged 
 seventy-five years, and his death was felt as a great 
 loss in the county where he had lived so long and with 
 such worthy accomplishments. Mrs. Trippet died in 
 1884, nine years before her husband’s death. They 
 were the parents of eight children, William H. of this 
 personal record being the eldest of the number. 
 
 The early education of William H. Trippet was re- 
 ceived in the public schools of Indiana, after which 
 he attended the state university at Bloomington, In- 
 diana, from which institution he was graduated in 1869. 
 He then entered the law department of the same uni- 
 versity, graduating therefrom in 1871, receiving his 
 degree and being simultaneously admitted to the bar of 
 the state. He began the practice of his profession at 
 Princeton, and there he continued until he came west, 
 reaching Montana in 1882. He first located in Deer 
 Lodge and in that city carried on a law practice for 
 about fifteen years, after which he removed to Ana- 
 conda. In the years of his association with the business 
 activities of Anaconda Mr. Trippet has continued to 
 merit the excellent reputation for ability and fair deal- 
 ing that he won to himself in the previous years of his 
 practice, and he is regarded as one of the foremost 
 men in his profession in this section of the country, 
 with a reputation for being invariably found defending 
 the cause of right and justice, regardless of what the 
 conditions or consequences may be. He is a Democrat, 
 and has served his party in many ways throughout his 
 career. Pie has filled various public offices during the 
 past years, and always with a high degree of efficiency 
 that has won to him the esteem and confidence of his 
 constituents. While yet in Princeton, Indiana, he was 
 
1190 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 prosecuting attorney for two terms, and he was attor- 
 ney of Deer Lodge county, Montana, during three terms 
 and city attorney in Anaconda for two terms. Mr. 
 Trippet'is not the only member of the family who has 
 shown pronounced legal ability, his brother Oscar, 
 who lives in Los Angeles, California, being an espe- 
 cially prominent member of the California bar. 
 
 In October, 1876, Mr. Trippet was married at Wash- 
 ington. Indiana, to Miss Anna Smyth Kennedy, the 
 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. David H. Kennedy, recently 
 of Florida. She died at Deer Lodge, Montana, in 1896, 
 aged forty-nine years, the mother of three children. 
 Tlie eldest, Ruth, died in 1894; Ethel is the wife of 
 M. O. Roark and is living at Lebanon, Indiana, where 
 Mr. Roark is engaged in farming; the son, William K., 
 married Florence Atwater, of Manchester, Iowa, and 
 they have two children, Frank H. and William A. 
 William K. Trippet is engaged in the lumber business 
 at Columbia Falls, Montana, where he makes his home. 
 
 Mr. Trippet was married a second time, on October 
 .t. 1900, to Miss Flarriet McGuffey Osborne, the mar- 
 riage taking place at Dayton, Ohio. She was for a 
 number of years engaged as a teacher in the mission 
 schools of the Presbyterian church. Mrs. Trippet is 
 a niece of Dr. McGuffey, author of the widely known 
 McGuffey readers for school use. Like her husband, 
 she is a member of the Presbyterian church, and is an 
 active participant in all the good works of that body. 
 
 Fred August Henderson. A man who has carved his 
 own fortune and achieved business success coupled with 
 a financial competence early in life is Mr. F. A. Hender- 
 son, retired hardware merchant of Butte, Montana. Mr. 
 Henderson, who is a native of Carlin, Nevada, where he 
 was born May 12, 1877, came with his parents to Butte 
 when he was a_ small boy. He attended the public 
 schools of this city for a time, but was early obliged to 
 contribute to his own support, and in doing so turned 
 his hand to whatever lucrative employment he coifld find 
 to do. Like many other of our successful men Mr. 
 Henderson was a plucky newsboy in youth and for sev- 
 eral years he lustily cried his papers on the streets of 
 Butte. In fact he was one of the^first newsboys of this 
 city and enjoys the distinction of having sold the first 
 copy of that well-known publication, the Anaconda 
 Standard , that was ever sold in Butte by a newsbo}^ 
 Mr._ Henderson also gained a part of his preparatory 
 business experience as helper in a meat market, and he 
 was at one time a messenger boy here. , 
 
 Flis first mercantile position was secured when he 
 accepted employment in W. R. Kenyon’s store at the 
 age of thirteen years. He proved to be trustworthy, 
 industrious and ambitious and was advanced from time 
 to time as he proved his ability, and so well did he 
 perform his every task that he was retained by Mr. 
 Keiu'on in his store for thirteen years. At the end 
 of that period he resigned to enter the mercantile 
 world on an independent basis, and in partnership with 
 his brother established a hardware store. The busi- 
 ness was continued for eight years with remarkable 
 success and at the end of that time Mr. Henderson 
 retired, and is now enjoying the fruits of his labors. 
 Since his retirement from business he has taken a 
 prominent part in public affairs, is active in Republican 
 party politics, and among the positions of trust he fills 
 is that of a trustee in bankruptcy. Religious circles 
 know him as a devout and liberal member of the Epis- 
 copal church, and he is fraternally affiliated with the 
 Masonic lodge, of which he was treasurer for four 
 years. Outdoor life appeals strongly to him and he is 
 an especially enthusiastic follower of Isaac Walton, the 
 occupation in which he takes the greatest enjoyment 
 being that of fishing. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Henderson to Miss Martha 
 Else, a daughter of W. H. and Margaret Else, occurred 
 in Butte in 1897. The union has been blessed in the 
 
 birth of one child, F'rederick Marvin, whose birthday 
 was June 8, 1904. Mrs. Henderson's parents were both 
 natives of Pennsylvania, who came to Montana in an 
 early day, but are now residents of California. She 
 has three sisters living in Butte and one in Salt Lake 
 City. Mr. Henderson is of English descent. His father, 
 George Henderson, settled in Nevada when that por- 
 tion of the country was newly opened, and assisted 
 in the development of the west as a railroad builder, 
 he having been a constructing engineer on the Union 
 Pacific Railroad when it was built to the Coast. The 
 elder Henderson later moved to Montana and lived 
 here for a number of years, and is now retired from 
 active business and lives at Portland, Oregon. His 
 wife died in Butte in 1903, aged fifty-five years. The 
 three sons, Fred, Charles and Bert, all are residents of 
 Butte. 
 
 Frank H. Drinkenberg. A life history of Frank H. 
 Drinkenberg, a prominent and influential citizen of 
 Hamilton, Montana, and president of the First National 
 Bank, would fill a large volume, and would read like a 
 romance, being full of thrilling experiences and epi- 
 sodes. He was born January 9, 1857, in Hanover, Ger- 
 many, where his parents, Reuben and Josephine (Nor- 
 man) Drinkenberg, were then visiting. Until he was 
 fourteen years he attended the public schools of Cin- 
 cinnati, and was then sent by his parents to a university 
 in Bremen, Germany, in order that he might study the 
 languages and fit himself for a literary career. Dissatis- 
 fied with his surroundings and his prospects, he ran away 
 from the college to follow the fortunes of an American 
 theatrical troupe, with which, within the ensuing nineteen 
 months, he traveled through Germany, Russia, France, 
 Italy and Austria. Leaving the company at the city of 
 Cologne, Mr. Drinkenberg made a two hundred mile trip 
 down the Rhine to Amsterdam, Holland, the home of 
 one of his uncles, who there owned a beet sugar factory. 
 Receiving a small sum of money from the uncle, he 
 again started down the Rhine, going to Rotterdam, 
 whence he embarked on board a cattle boat for Hull, 
 England, paying his way thither by feeding the stock. 
 Starting then for Liverpool, England, he was put off 
 the train three times while en route, but arrived there 
 with the train. For four days, having no money,, he 
 lived with the rats on the Liverpool wharves, eating 
 herring. He there became acquainted with a sailor, 
 who stowed him away on a schooner supposedly bound 
 for America, but when he disembarked a few days later 
 he found himself in London. Begging his food in that 
 city for two days, Mr. Drinkenberg again beat his way 
 to Liverpool, and once more lived with the tramps, or 
 rats. At the end of six days he interviewed the captain 
 of an emigrant ship destined for the United States, 
 and found that he could earn his passage across the 
 ocean by doing a little work. On the third day out, 
 when off Queenstown, the ship was wrecked and forced 
 to stay there two weeks for repairs, the fourteen hun- 
 dred passengers on board, mostly women and children,- 
 living like hogs during the entire trip of twenty-three 
 days. 
 
 On arriving at New York, the captain told Mr, Drink- 
 enberg to remain on board the vessel, and he would 
 send him to Cincinnati, but, after the ship had been 
 unloaded by lighters and taken to the wharf, he forgot 
 all about the captain and made a break for liberty. 
 Securing a position in a butcher’s shop on Green street, 
 he worked there three months, and by saving his earn- 
 ings had then money enough to pay his railroad fare to 
 Cleveland, Ohio. Fle then beat his way to Cincinnati, 
 but his arrival at his home caused such consternation, 
 and proved such a shock to the family, that he decided 
 to leave at once. Borrowing a small sum, Mr. Drinken- 
 berg went to Minnesota, arriving in St. Paul in the 
 spring of 1874. Joining a government outfit of fifteen 
 boys, all being older than himself, he went with the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1191 
 
 little party to Fort Lincoln, on the Missouri river, where 
 the boys were outfitted as a cavalry brigade. 
 
 In the fall of 1874 the brigade was sent on an experi- 
 mental trip to Fort Buford, then to Fort Benton, Mon- 
 tana ; thence Mr. Drinkenberg was sent with two horses 
 on a trial trip for time and endurance to the American 
 Falls, Montana, thence to Fort Shaw, and on through 
 Helena and Bozeman to Yellowstone river, where the 
 government had a small camp at what is now Fort 
 Keogh. During the entire trip, which was successful in 
 every respect, Mr. Drinkenberg had changed horses 
 seven times, and had each day averaged eighty-three 
 miles — following wagon trails some days, — blazing his 
 own trail other days, and relying on government maps 
 for routes. Wintering in that camp, he journeyed down 
 the Yellowstone river and back the following summer,, 
 being engaged in making and filing notes, and remaining 
 there until the fall of 1875, when he was ordered to 
 the Black Hills. Very little was done until the spring 
 of 1876, when the main detachment of the Seventh 
 Cavalry was ordered to the Missouri and Yellowstone 
 rivers to quell the Indian outbreaks. In an engagement 
 with the (Tree Indians, who had crossed the Canadian 
 line, Mr. Drinkenberg was seriously wounded by a 
 bullet charged with rattlesnake poison, losing a part of 
 the knee cap and the fleshy part of the leg below the 
 knee. Subsequently he had various encounters with 
 the Indians prior to 1879, his wound troubling him con- 
 tinuously until 1883, when Dr. Wells, of Stevensville, 
 Montana, extracted the poison and healed the wound. 
 In 1877 Mr. Drinkenberg was again wounded in the 
 right knee, in an engagement near the Three Buttes, or 
 Pumpkin mountain, in Montana, when his company 
 formed a part of a small scouting brigade. He was then 
 receiving forty-five dollars a month, double the pay of 
 the ordinary soldier, having been engaged for a special 
 duty in St. Paul. While serving with Colonel Broad- 
 water, in the spring of 1880, Mr. Drinkenberg was taken 
 ill and left the service. 
 
 With the money which he had saved while employed 
 as a soldier, Mr. Drinkenberg went with some mining 
 prospectors to Lima, Peru, where he lost the greater 
 part of his money, reserving enough to take him around 
 “the Horn.” Landing at Vera Cruz, Mexico, he traveled 
 (partly on foot and partly on horseback) to the City of 
 Mexico, arriving there a stranger in a strange land, ill 
 and almost penniless. Picking up a little Spanish, he 
 remained there three months, working as waiter in a 
 hotel. Going thence by way of Vera Cruz, to Tampico, 
 he found no work, and with the few dollars that he had 
 left paid his passage across the Gulf to Houston, Texas; 
 thence going overland to El Paso with a cattle outfit 
 belonging to Miller & Lux, San Francisco packers, and 
 accompanying them to Chilhauhua, Mexico, for the pur- 
 pose of smuggling six thousand head of cattle into the 
 States, swimming the Rio Grande about forty miles 
 above El Paso, Mr. Drinkenberg, who had charge of the 
 band, lost a few cattle and some of his Mexican 
 employees, by drowning. Four days after gaining the 
 American side, the cattle were stampeded by the 
 Indians, but with the assistance of some cattlemen, 
 Mr. Drinkenberg succeeded in getting control of his 
 herd and arrived in the San Joaquin valley, California, 
 with about one-half of his original herd. 
 
 After working for Miller & Lux for a time, Mr. 
 Drinkenberg went by boat to Portland, Oregon, and 
 was there for awhile in the employ of the O’Shea 
 Brothers, meat packers. The Northern Pacific Rail- 
 road Company subsequently let the contract for clear- 
 ing the roadway from Courtney, Idaho, to Thompson 
 Falls, Montana, to Small Brothers, of Walla Walla, 
 Washington, and Mr. Drinkenberg secured the position 
 of manager of the thirty-eight provision camps along 
 the route. In the work thirty-two hundred Chinamen 
 were employed, sixteen hundred white men, and four- 
 teen hundred mules and horses; the Chinamen being 
 
 under the control of Du Bois King & Company, of 
 Portland, Oregon, and the engineering corps under 
 that of J. H. Uhl, now of Elk post-office, Wyoming. 
 
 Leaving the railroad work in the spring of 1882, Mr. 
 Drinkenberg, in company with J. H. Uhl, started for 
 Missoula, Montana, crossing the Blue Slide. On arriv- 
 ing at Horse Plains, these enterprising travelers con- 
 ceived the brilliant idea of raising potatoes, and paid 
 six cents a pound for seed, which they planted. No evi- 
 dence of potato sprouts being seen at the end of three 
 weeks, Mr. Uhl became disgusted and began digging up 
 the seed. After watching his partner several hours, Mr. 
 Drinkenberg saddled his ponjq and with one pack horse 
 left camp en route for Missoula. Mr. Uhl at once stopped 
 digging and followed with the other horses. That night 
 the six horses of .Messrs. Uhl and Drinkenberg were 
 frightened away, doubtless by Indians, but they were 
 fortunate enough to secure one and proceeded on their 
 way, alternately walking and riding until reaching 
 Missoula. Not liking Missoula and vicinity, Mr. Drink- 
 enberg, who had previously heard a good deal about 
 the Bitter Root valley, came to the region and for sixty 
 days worked for Frank Ives in a saw mill. He then 
 leased a tract of land on Three Mile creek, and em- 
 barked in sheep raising,, investing the two thousand 
 dollars he had cleared in the provision camps, in sheep. 
 In 1899 disaster came, there being neither snow, grass 
 nor hay. He was forced to transfer his seven thous- 
 and sheep, and his horses, to Bear Paw mountains, five 
 hundred miles away. Locating at Chinook mountain 
 he lost four thousand sheep that winter, but he remained 
 there two years, recuperated his losses and sold out. 
 Returning to Ravalli# county he attended the opening- 
 sale of lots in Hamilton, invested heavily, and platted 
 and sold lots through the boom of 1896. 
 
 Mr. Drinkenberg still owns mining property in Dur- 
 ango, Mexico, and also in Lima, Peru, where he made 
 a second trip a few years ago. On his return trip from 
 South America, he took steamer at Valparaiso, Chilli, 
 for the Isthmus of Panama, and having crossed it pro- 
 ceeded to Vera Cruz, Mexico, where four miles from 
 the city, he was quarantined with yellow fever. He 
 gave a sailor twenty dollars for the loan of a small 
 boat, and set out for port. The fever took a serious 
 turn, and he was placed in an American hospital with 
 seventy-two other yellow fever patients, who were 
 dying with astonishing rapidity. i\Ir. Drinkenberg began 
 e^ing quinine, braced up, gave a ^lexican revenue 
 officer two hundred dollars to smuggle him out of the 
 aty. Placed on a revenue cutter, he was taken to 
 Tampico, Mexico, and proceeded to the ^Mexican 
 National Railroad to the City of Mexico, where he was 
 again forced to go to the hospital. He partly lost his 
 speech and hearing, owing to the quantities of quinine 
 he had taken, and had to remain there three weeks He 
 then journeyed by the Mexican Central Railway to El 
 thence going by rail to Los Angeles and 
 to bait Lake City, where he was ill for a long time, 
 being threatened with pneumonia. Returning as soon 
 as able to Bitter Root valley, Mr. Drinkenberg deter- 
 mined to settle down permanently, and with the e.xcep- 
 tion of having recently spent five months witli his 
 family in Los Angeles, has not since left the valley. 
 
 Air. Drinkenberg has erected and owns several fine 
 modern business blocks in Hamilton, has a beautiful 
 residence in the city, and valuable ranch lands in the 
 valley. On August i, 1909, he organized the First 
 National Bank of Hamilton, of which he is president. 
 He is a Republican in politics, and is a personal friend 
 of ex-President Roosevelt, knowing all about his 
 cattle ranching experiences and of the trouble between 
 him and Alarcus De Alorris Aladura, in North Dakota. 
 Air. Drinkenberg is not an aspirant for official honors, 
 but he has served one term as mayor of Hamilton, hav- 
 ing been elected to the position in 1908 and in 1910. 
 
1192 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Fraternally he is a member and past grand, Lodge 
 No. 48, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 
 
 Although surrounded by temptations of all kinds 
 during his wild life at home and abroad, Mr. Drinken- 
 berg has never succumbed to either drinking or gam- 
 bling, scarcely knowing the taste of liquor. The greatest 
 grief of his life is in remembering the sorrow he caused 
 his parents in his boyhood days. His trials, tribulations 
 and varied e.xperiences have taught him many lessons 
 of value, and his one desire now is to instill in the 
 hearts of his children a spirit of kindness, benevolence, 
 and generosity. 
 
 Mr. Drinkenberg married Miss Maud Overturf, of 
 Iowa, and they are the parents of two children, namely; 
 Ruth, born in 1905 ; and Doris, born in 1910. 
 
 John Dowling. There is nothing more certain than 
 that industry, determination and perseverance are the 
 necessary attributes for a man to possess in order to 
 secure success, but the quality that success will be 
 governed by the amount of ability and the condition as 
 to whether or not it is directed along proper channels. 
 Many of Montana’s most prominent business men have 
 earned the title of “self-made man,” owing their posi- 
 tion entirely to their own efforts, and among these John 
 Dowling, of Stevensville, takes a foremost place. Mr. 
 Dowling has been instrumental in founding and pro- 
 moting some of the largest business enterprises of the 
 city, displaying marked ability as an organizer, promoter 
 and e.xecutive, and has fully discharged his duties of 
 citizenship by service in public office and by supporting 
 all measures calculated to be of benefit to the com- 
 munity. He was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, No- 
 vember 10, 1859, and is a son of James and Helen 
 (Annand) Dowling, natives of Nova Scotia. His 
 father, who for many years was engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits in his native country, has now retired from 
 activities and is living in California, while his mother 
 passed away while on a visit to Mr. Dowling and his 
 family, at Stevensville, November 10, 1910. 
 
 John Dowling received a common school education, 
 and after completing his studies continued to work on 
 the home farm until 1880. At that time, deciding to 
 enter the field of business on his own account, he bor- 
 rowed one hundred dollars from friends and journeyed 
 to California. On his arrival at Red Bluffs, he secured 
 employment in the lumber and planing mills of the 
 Sierra Nevada Lumber Company, but in April, 1882, 
 came to Butte, Montana, to enter the lumber business 
 with William Parsons, a partnership which continued 
 until 1886. In August of that year he sold his hold- 
 ings to Mr. Parsons, and came to the Bitter Root valley, 
 locating five miles north of Stevensville on a large 
 ranch. He immediately set out four thousand apple 
 trees, having the grafts expressed from Monroe county, 
 Michigan, and not only worked his ranch and orchard 
 successfully, but in addition acted as manager for the 
 logging crew of William McKeen. Later, on receiving 
 the election to the office of county treasurer of Ravalli 
 county, he sold his ranch to good advantage, and on the 
 expiration of his term of office purchased an interest 
 in the Amos Buck Mercantile Company, at Stevensville, 
 which he sold two years later. He then organized the 
 Stevensville Mercantile Company, of which he acted 
 as general manager for ten years, and in April, 1910, 
 disposed of his interests and purchased property on 
 Main street, where he erected a fine modern business 
 block, a credit to the city and to his enterprise. In 
 addition to a general mercantile business, Mr. Dowling 
 is engaged in undertaking, being thoroughly trained in 
 embalming, and having an establishment that furnishes 
 every convenience for his patrons. He has business abil- 
 ity of a high order, and is recognized by his associates 
 as a man of the strictest integrity and honest business 
 principles. In political matters a Republican, in addi- 
 tion to serving as county treasurer, }ie has been 
 
 twelve 3^ears a member of the school board. He has 
 shown his supreme faith in the future greatness of 
 Stevensville by investing heavily in real estate, and 
 owns a comfortable residence in the city. Fraternally, 
 he is connected with the local lodge of the Masonic 
 order. 
 
 On October 10, 1883, Mr. Dowling was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Mary A. McHeffey, a native of Nova 
 Scotia, and they have had eight children, as follows : 
 George R., deceased; Minnie E., who keeps the books 
 for her father; Helen, who married Harry Whitesette, 
 of Stevensville; Louis E., clerk and manager for his 
 father; Grace and John W., who are attending high 
 school; and Eva and Fred, students in the graded 
 schools. 
 
 George T. Lamport. No biographical history of the 
 state of Montana would be complete without special 
 mention were made of George T. Lamport, his ability, 
 his loj'alty to dut>' and his fidelity having earned him 
 a place among this section’s representative men, while 
 the part he has played in developing the natural re- 
 sources of the state gives him high rank among those 
 whose activities have been so directed as to advance 
 their communities. Mr. Lamport is a native of Mil- 
 waukee, Wisconsin, and was born September 28, 1844, 
 a son of Joseph and Marietta (DeMuth) Lamport. 
 
 Joseph Lamport was born in England, and as a 
 small boy was brought to America by his parents, first 
 settling in Canada. . Later he removed to Michigan, 
 where he was married, and in' the early ’forties re- 
 moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he was en- 
 gaged in carpentering and contracting for bridges. He 
 erected the bridges for the Lake Shore Railroad be- 
 tween Milwaukee and Chicago, this now being a part 
 of the Chicago & Northwestern systeln, and he also 
 contracted in building docks and warehouses in Mil- 
 waukee and packing houses for the pioneer packer, 
 Plankinton, of Milwaukee. In 1854 Mr. Lamport re- 
 moved to Sauk countjq Wisconsin, took up government 
 land, and hewed himself a home out of the wilderness. 
 After the death of his wife he removed to the home 
 of his son, near Heckly, South Dakota, but after a 
 short time returned to 'VVisconsin and settled in the 
 town of North Freedom, where he spent his last days 
 at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Samuel Maxham, 
 and there died at the age of seventy years. He and 
 his wife, who was sixty-eight years old at the time of 
 her death, were members of the Church of England. 
 Originally a Whig, in 1854 Mr. Lamport became a Re- 
 publican, and that party received his support ever 
 afterward. They had a large family of children, 
 George T. being the third in order of birth, and six 
 of the cliildren are still living. 
 
 The early education of George T. Lamport was se- 
 cured in the public schools of Milwaukee, but when 
 he was ten years of age he accompanied the family 
 to the Sauk county farm, and there he worked during 
 the summer months and attended a log schoolhouse 
 during winter terms. The breaking out of the Civil 
 war found him a patriotic youth of seventeen years, 
 and it was not until 1863 that he was able to enlist. 
 At that time he became a member of Company^ L, 
 Third Wisconsin Cavalry, which was mustered into 
 the service at Madison, Wisconsin, and was mustered 
 out of the service at Fort Leavenworth, in 1865. The 
 greater part of the first year the regirnent was engaged 
 in fighting the bushwhackers in Missouri, Arkansas 
 and Kansas, and it was later sent out on the Santa 
 Fe trail. 'Under General Blunt the detachment went 
 up the Arkansas river to the present site of Dodge 
 City, where the scouts brought news that some 3.000 
 or 4,000 Indians were camped about sixty miles north. 
 Preceded by the fifteen Delaware scouts, the men 
 marched until noon, when they came across the first 
 Indian, but could not force him to give any infonna- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1193 
 
 tion. The next morning brought about a skirmish 
 with the Indians, in which a number of the hostiles 
 were killed, while the loss to the whites was four 
 killed. Ihe troops then camped on the ground where 
 the Indians had formerly had their camp, and on the 
 next morning followed them for some distance. Gen- 
 eral Blunt then returned to Fort Riley, where Mr. 
 Lamport’s company, L, was left at Walnut Creek to 
 establish a fort, Zarah. There they remained until 
 February, 1865, when the company was .ordered back 
 to Fort Riley, and was then sent to Lawrence, Kansas. 
 About forty men of the company, including Mr. Lam- 
 port, were detailed to assist the provost-marshal, and 
 the duties of this position kept him occupied until he 
 was honorably discharged from the service. He was 
 ever found to be a faithful, brave and cheerful soldier, 
 and when he returned to his home in Sauk county, 
 Wisconsin, he took up the duties of peace and dis- 
 charged them with the same conscientious care that 
 
 had characterized his army service. For a time he 
 was engaged in driving the stage between Baraboo 
 and Kilbourn City, but later went to Chippewa Falls, 
 where he was employed in the mill of Stanley Broth- 
 ers, running a mill in the summer months and scaling 
 timber in the winters at the camp on the Chippewa 
 river. Subsequently he purchased a farm in Chippewa 
 county, Wisconsin, near Bloomer, and after spending 
 three years in clearing and developing work sold out 
 
 and purchased some cows. These he broke to draw 
 
 a wagon, and with a team of oxen and two wagons 
 started for the Black Hills. Chet White, a young mar- 
 ried man wishing to go to the Black Hills, drove Mr. 
 Lamport’s cow team, four yoke, through with him to 
 the Hills. Mr. Lamport was also married and had 
 two children, and in June of 1878 the little party 
 crossed the Mississippi river at St. Paul and followed 
 the railroad line to Worthington, Minnesota, heading 
 for Fort Pierre. At that time the Indians were very 
 bad throughout that part of the country, and the emi- 
 grants decided that it would be wise to attach them- 
 selves to an outfit, for mutual protection. Finally 
 they arrived at Sturgis City, in the Black Hills, in the 
 month of July, and here Mr. Lamport built a cabin 
 and settled on a tract of land. He engaged in the dairy 
 business and gave a great deal of attention to butter- 
 making, but in the spring of 1882 sold out and came 
 overland, via Mills City, to Billings, then only a strag- 
 gling tent town. He made his first camp on the banks 
 of the Yellowstone, at Mr. Orson Newman’s ranch, 
 and soon thereafter engaged in the dairy business, sell- 
 ing milk in Billings. After continuing in the same line 
 for several years, he was elected the first county sur- 
 veyor of Yellowstone county,' a position which he held 
 a number of years, and then became government sur- 
 veyor. He was especially examined for the latter posi- 
 tion under General G. O. Eaton. In the spring of 1887 
 Mr. Lamport discovered the Bear Creek coal fields in 
 Carbon county, and in company with Robert Leavens, 
 his son-in-law, he organized and platted the village of 
 Bear Creek in Carbon county and became actively en- 
 gaged in merchandise, banking and real estate in- 
 terests. The bank was organized in 1908, and when 
 the title was perfected a company was formed, 
 he being a stockholder and a director for a number 
 of years. Since 1909 Mr. Lamport has not been 
 engaged actively in business. Many and great are 
 the changes that have come over this section since 
 1881, when he was engaged in hunting buffalo for their 
 hides on the Little Powder and at the head of the 
 Little Misouri river, and he has done his full share 
 in bringing these marvelous changes about. In what- 
 ever locality he has made his home he has always been 
 in the foremost rank of movements which have made 
 for progress. He served as county commissioner of 
 Park county at the time when Carbon county was a 
 part of Park, and also acted as city engineer of Bil- 
 
 lings for speral years. He was the second man made 
 a Mason in Ashlar Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and he 
 also belongs to Billings Chapter, R. A. M. ; ’Aldemar 
 Commandery, No. 5, K. T. ; and Algeria Temple, 
 Helena. In his political belief he is a Republican. 
 
 In May, 1873, Mr. Lamport was married to- Miss 
 Emma Edd}-’, who was born in Wisconsin, and she died 
 in 1874. He was again married, in 1876, to Mrs. 
 Lodenia (McCoy) Dake, who was born in New York 
 state, and four children were born to this union, of 
 whom three survive: Ella, who is the wife of Robert 
 Leavens, of Billings; Ida, the wife of Charles E. 
 W right, of Red Lodge, Montana ; and Walter, inter- 
 ested in mining and in the ice and coal business at 
 Bear Creek, married a Miss Maxwell. Clara, the 
 youngest child, died at the age of twenty-two, in March, 
 1910. _Mr. Lamport and his family occupy prominent 
 places in the social life of Billings, and their spacious 
 and attractive home, at 323 South Twenty-ninth street, 
 is a center of gracious and unreserved hospitality. 
 
 I. _D. O’Donnell. Irrigation is probably the earliest 
 application of science to agriculture and has wholly 
 changed the appearance of the western one-third of the 
 United States. The recent world-wide extension of 
 irrigation in lands hitherto uninhabited and unproductive 
 has added many millions of acres to the world’s pro- 
 ductive area, and is causing the commercial and social 
 importance of this art or science to be appreciated as 
 never before. That it has been one of the great indus- 
 trial factors of the Twentieth Century cannot be denied, 
 and both its methods and institutions are being studied 
 by men of scientific training. It has been only within 
 practically recent years, however, that irrigation has 
 been developed to its greatest measure of usefulness, 
 and until a short time ago there was no legislation for 
 the adequate public control of streams and the systematic 
 divisions of their waters among users. The state of 
 Montana owes much to irrigation, but it is also deeply 
 indebted to those men who have devoted their energies 
 to perfecting^ the system and to securing the enactment 
 •of laws providing for government control. Preeminent 
 among this class stands I. D. O’Donnell, adherent and 
 promoter of irrigation, financier, leading alfalfa farmer 
 and a man than whom there is none better known in the 
 Yellowstone valley. 
 
 Mr. O’Donnell was born in county Norfolk, Ontario, 
 Canada, September 19, i860, and is a son of Daniel and 
 Margaret (McIntosh) O’Donnell. Daniel O’Donnell was 
 a native of County Mayo, Ireland, and in 1831, when 
 seven years of age was brought to the Dorninion of 
 Canada by his parents. There he grew to manhood and 
 received his education, and for a number of years was 
 engaged in mercantile pursuits, but on coming to the 
 United States, in 1864, he settled at Saginaw, Michigan, 
 and interested himself in the timber business. After 
 some years spent in that line of endeavor, Mr. O’Don- 
 nell settled on a farm in Midland county, Michigan, but 
 he has now retired and is living quietly at Midland City. 
 Originally a Democrat, he became a great admirer of 
 James G. Blaine and cast his support with the Repub- 
 lican party. He is highly esteemed in his community, 
 where he has served in various local offices, including 
 that of township treasurer. He was married in Canada 
 to Margaret McIntosh, who was born there, and she 
 still survives, having been the mother of ten children, 
 of whom I. D. was the second born, and all of whom 
 are living. 
 
 I. D. O’Donnell received his education in the public 
 schools of Saginaw, Michigan, where his early business 
 training was secured in the timber industry of his 
 father. He did his share of clearing the wilderness of 
 that section, and when twenty-one years of age removed 
 to Chicago, from whence, in April. 1882, he made his 
 way to 'Montana. He first located at Miles City, but 
 subsequently went overland to Coulson, Billings at that 
 
1194 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 time being a city of tents and only partially platted. 
 After a few day he joined the stampede for the Maden 
 mining camp, and on his return connected himself with 
 the I. J. Horse Ranch, owned by J. K. Doze, which was 
 later taken over and enlarged by Seligman, Bailey & 
 Kennett. He continued with this firm for about one 
 and one-half years, when he came to the Yellowstone 
 valley with Mr. E. G. Bailey and took charge of the 
 Fiederick Billings Ranch, near Billings. Mr. O’Donnell 
 was superintendent of this property at the time Mr. 
 B'illings was having his land cultivated to prove that 
 this was a productive farming locality, and subsequently 
 remained as a representative of the Billings interests, 
 being at present the executor of the estate in this 
 section. In 1887 Mr. O'Donnell took charge of the 
 Minnesota and Montana Land and Improvement Com- 
 pany's irrigation canal, now known as the Big Ditch, 
 the first large canal in eastern Montana, and since_ that 
 time has interested himself in vast irrigation projects. 
 He has made an exhaustive study of methods used in 
 other countries, in France, Spain and Italy, where irri- 
 gation has been used for centuries, and no man in the 
 Yellowstone valley is better informed on this subject 
 than he. An enthusiast in this work, he has been the 
 leading factor in the building of the Highland, Subur- 
 ban, Cove and B. L. and I. Ditches. In 1^7 Mr. O’Don- 
 nell formed a partnership with E. G. Bailey, under 
 the firm name of Bailey & O’Donnell, and began farm- 
 ing and stock raising. In 1892 this firm purchased the 
 Hesper Farm, and the partnership continued until 1900, 
 when Mr. O'Donnell bought his partner's interest, and 
 has since continued to conduct the property alone. This 
 is one of the best known tracts in the valley, and its 
 640 acres are all under a high state of cultivation, its 
 present productiveness having been brought about 
 through irrigation. Several world’s records for alfalfa, 
 sugar beets, wheat and oats have been broken on this 
 farm, and in 1906 it held the world’s championship for 
 wheat. In addition this property can boast of one of the 
 finest apple orchards in the eastern part of the state. 
 He has taken an active part in the work of the Irriga- 
 tion Congress, and was one of five that framed the or- 
 ganization. The facts and figures gathered by Mr. 
 O’Donnell in the Yellowstone valley were probably the 
 strongest arguments presented to congress that se- 
 cured the passage of the Reclamation Act. In addition, 
 Mr. O’Donnell was the first president of the Yellow- 
 stone Fair Association, and at present is a director in 
 the State Fair Association. He has been on the board 
 of sheep commissioners, was the first president of the 
 board of horticulture, and at present is a life member of 
 the State Horticultural Society. He has always taken 
 an active part in the work of the Farmers’ Institute, 
 and works all over the state in behalf of modern methods 
 of alfalfa raising and stock breeding. Mr. O’Donnell 
 has probably done more for the alfalfa industry than 
 any other one man in the state. He is a director in 
 the Merchants National Bank and secretary of the 
 Suburban Homes Company; built and was president of 
 the first creamery here, known as the Billings Creamery; 
 is president of the Billings Foundry and Manufacturing 
 Company and of the Big Ditch Company; and is past 
 president of the Chamber of Commerce and of the 
 Parmley Billings Library, of which he is at present one 
 of the trustees. He has served as a member of the 
 school board of Billings, and is a member of the execu- 
 tive committee and director of the Young Men’s Chris- 
 tian Association. Politically Mr. O’Donnell does not 
 recognize party ties, but reserves the right to cast his 
 influence and support with the candidate whom his 
 judgment convinces him is best fitted for the position 
 at stake. 
 
 On October 31, 1887, Mr. O’Donnell was united in 
 marriage with Miss Louise Roeser, who was born in 
 Saginaw county, Michigan, daughter of Gustave Roeser, 
 and six children have beer, born to this union : Helene 
 
 R. , Louise AL, Carol, Ignatius D., Gustave R. and 
 Kathleen. 
 
 Ever since coming to this community in 1882 Mr. 
 O’Donnell has been one of those who have believed 
 in the future of the place they had chosen for their 
 home, and by his active and progressive spirit has done 
 much to promote its growth. He has never been 
 actuated by narrow, selfish motives, but prospering him- 
 self he has rejoiced in the prosperity of others, knowing 
 that the welfare of one individual alone never furthers 
 but only retards the growtlP of a community. He has 
 been honorable and upright in all his business dealings 
 with his fellow men and has won and merited the esteem 
 of all who knew him, and is the possessor of numerous 
 warm friends among the citizens of the Yellowstone 
 valley in whose interest he has worked for so many 
 years. 
 
 John Buekman. On June 25, 1876, on the Little 
 Big Horn, occurred one of the events that made Mon- 
 tana history, for it was on that date that General George 
 Armstrong Custer and his 1,100 United States soldiers 
 were annihilated by a band of 9,000 Siou.x Indian war- 
 riors. Few indeed there are to-day who can lay claim 
 to having belonged to the regiment that set out to do 
 battle that summer morning, but such is the distinction 
 that attaches to John Burkinan, formerly a soldier of 
 Custer’s command, and now a highly esteemed resident 
 of Billings, who is living retired after many years spent 
 in the United States service. Mr. Burkinan was born 
 in the state of Pennsylvania, January 10, 1839, the only 
 son of John and Eva Burkinan, whose other five chil- 
 dren were girls. • 
 
 Always of an adventurous spirit, when he was twenty 
 years of age Mr. Burkman left his eastern home for the 
 new west, and for a number of years was engaged in 
 freighting in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska and Utah. 
 At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the one 
 hundred-day service as a private of Company K, F’ifth 
 Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry, and when his 
 time had expired became a teamster in the government 
 service, seeing duty in Missouri, Arkansas and Ten- 
 nessee. On the cessation of hostilities he engaged in 
 railroad work, and was so employed until September 
 16, 1870, when he enlisted in the Seventh Cavalry, U. 
 
 S. A., a regiment that had been organized in 1866 with 
 Samuel Sturgis as colonel and George Armstrong Cus- 
 ter, who had won his spurs in the Civil war, as lieu- 
 tenant-colonel. Mr. Burkman was Custer’s orderly 
 from 1870 to 1876, and on the morning of the fateful 
 day saddled the general’s horse. The regiment was in 
 three divisions. Captain Benteen being in charge of 
 Companies H, D and K, Major Reno having Companies 
 A, M and G, and General Custer, Companies I, L, C, 
 F and E, while Captain McDougal, with Company B, es- 
 corted the pack train. Leaving the Yellowstone river, 
 the troop marched up the Rosebud river seventy-two 
 miles, making their last camp on the present site of 
 the Indian school, and there Mr. Burkman was left with 
 the pack train. It was thus he escaped being killed in 
 the engagement that followed, when the non-arrival of 
 expected reinforcements resulted in the massacre of the 
 entire body of U. S. troops. The story of that battle 
 has been told in song and story, has been perpetuated in 
 words more enduring than monuments of stone or tab- 
 lets of brass, and is too well known to be recounted 
 here, but those who escaped the a./ful death of their 
 companions should be honored and revered as links 
 connecting the present with the days when western 
 history was in the making. 
 
 Mr. Burkman continued with the remnant of his troop 
 until securing his honorable discharge. May 17, 1879, at 
 Fort Laramie. From that time on he was identified 
 with the government service until 1895, when he retired, 
 and he now lives quietly in his comfortable home, sur- 
 rounded by numerous friends who are always delighted 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1195 
 
 when they can persuade him to recount experiences and 
 adventures of the days when Montana was still claimed 
 by savages and the development of the Treasure state 
 was yet in its infancy. 
 
 John D. Matheson. One of the pioneer citizens of 
 Billings, and a man who has been identified with the 
 progress and development of the city for thirty years, 
 is John D. 5 Iatheson, who was the last territorial 
 probate judge of Montana, was subsequently engaged 
 for a number of years in newspaper work, and now 
 carries on an extensive real estate and insurance busi- 
 ness. Mr. Matheson came from Milton, Ontario, 
 where he had been editor and proprietor of the lead- 
 ing newspaper and mayor of the town, and located in 
 Billings, Montana, when the city was yet in its in- 
 fancy, being one of that group of men whose activities 
 have made it one of the most prosperous municipalities 
 of the state. As a member of the bench he upheld the 
 dignity of his high office, and in his editorial capacity 
 he did much to influence public opinion along proper 
 channels, wdiile in business circles he is known as a 
 man of ability and sagacity and bears a wide-spread 
 reputation for integrity. 
 
 John D. Matheson is a product of Canada, born at 
 Simcoe, county Norfolk, Ontario, Alarch 7, 1846. His 
 early education was secured in the schools of his na- 
 tive place, and after extensive preparation and study 
 he was admitted to practice before the bar of Toronto 
 in i8/i. He continued in the active practice of his 
 profession until 1882, in which year he came to Bil- 
 lings, Montana, and in that year purchased the Billings 
 Post, which he published until 1^7, and then became 
 editor of the Billings Gazette. In 1897 Mr. Matheson 
 was instrumental in organizing the Billings Times, 
 and continued as editor thereof for a number of years. 
 He became one of Montana’s best known newspaper 
 men, and his opinions, as expressed in his editorials, 
 were widely discussed and had much to do with the 
 influencing of the actions of the citizens in all mat- 
 ters of civic importance. In 1901 he was appointed 
 city clerk and continued to succeed himself in office 
 until 1911, since which time he has been engaged in 
 the real estate and insurance business, with offices at 
 No. 205 Stapleton building. Public spirited to a high 
 degree, Mr. Matheson has always had the best inter- 
 ests of his adopted city at heart, and has been active 
 in assisting movements for its welfare, while his abil- 
 ity and good citizenship have earned recognition 
 among his fellow townsmen, who have expressed 
 their confidence in him by choosing him to fill posi- 
 tions of honor and trust. At the present time (1912) 
 he is a valued member of the library board. He has 
 interested himself in fraternal work and is connected 
 with Ashlar Lodge, No. 26, A. F. & A. M., in which 
 he has many warm friends. 
 
 In 1872 Mr. Matheson was married to Rebecca 
 Panton, who was born near Milton, Ontario, and five 
 children have been born to them : Edith, the wife of 
 Dr. James Chappie, of Billings ; Beatrix, who mar- 
 ried James H. Johnston, a well-known attorney of 
 Billings ; William Panton, who is engaged in the real 
 estate and insurance business with his father; John 
 Roy Douglas, a first lieutenant in the United States 
 -\rmy, now stationed at Fort Russy, near Honolulu, 
 and who married Ethel, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel 
 Mason, U. S. A. surgeon on the Panama Canal Zone ; 
 and Katherine C., who married James Vredenburgh 
 on June 20, 1912, and lives on their extensive beet 
 sugar ranch, near Park City, Montana. 
 
 Andrew S. Shannon. Few citizens of Montana can 
 boast of a more active or adventurous career than that 
 of Andrew S. Shannon, of Billings, who, although now 
 living practically retired, is still largely interested in 
 various projects of wide scope and extensive nature. 
 
 He has identified himself with many enterprises that 
 have proved of incalculable value to the best interests 
 of the Yellowstone valley, and his activities in behalf 
 of good roads have earned for him the title of “The 
 Pathfinder.” Born in Jacksonville, Morgan county, 
 Illinois, November 14, 1851, Mr. Shannon is a son of 
 Robert and Sarah (-Gray) Shannon, the former a na- 
 tive of Baltimore, Maryland, and the latter of Indiana. 
 
 Robert Shannon was a young man when he moved to 
 Indiana, and not long after his marriage he located in 
 Morgan county, Illinois, where he remained until 1854. 
 At that time he settled in Blue Earth county, Min- 
 nesota, where he became a pioneer, took up government 
 land, and at the time of the Indian outbreak of 1861 
 served as a member of the militia. His first property 
 was located near what is now known as Amboy, but in 
 1865 he moved to a farm six miles out of Mankato and 
 in 1882 or 1883 he went to Hamlin Park, a suburb of 
 the city of St. Paul, where he spent the remainder of 
 his life in retirement, his death occurring when he was 
 eighty years of age. He and his wife were members 
 of the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics he 
 was a Whig until 1856, when he transferred his allegi- 
 ance to the Republican party, and worked hard for that 
 organization during the candidacy of Abraham Lincoln, 
 of whom he was a great admirer. He and his wife, 
 who survives him and makes her home with her son, 
 the Rev. William A. Shannon, of ^Minneapolis, being 
 in her eighty-fourth year, had eight children, of whom 
 seven are now living, as follows : Elizabeth, who mar- 
 ried Rudolph Crandall, of Hillsboro, Oregon; Charles 
 E., residing at Guthrie, Oklahoma; Andrew S.; Rev. 
 William A.; John W., of Stevensville, Montana; David 
 M., a resident of the state of Idaho ; and Cyrus N., a 
 passenger conductor in the employ of the Great North- 
 ern Railroad Company. 
 
 Andrew S. Shannon was given excellent educational 
 advantages, attending first the common schools of Blue 
 Earth county, 5 Iinnesota, and subsequently going to the 
 State Normal School and a business college in St. Paul, 
 after which he secured employment in a drug store in 
 Mankato. After clerking for two years he purchased 
 the interest of the proprietor and until the spring of 
 1880 conducted this establishment with a partner, un- 
 der the firm name of Shannon & Webster. He then 
 sold out and started for Fort Benton, via Bismarck, 
 Dakota, but subsequently changed his mind and went to 
 the Black Hills and then on to old Fort Pierre, where 
 he was interested in a drug business under the firm style 
 of Shannon & Hull. He was at this point in 1881 when 
 the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad built into Pierre, 
 that city being the capital of South Dakota, and in the 
 spring of 1882 disposed of his interests there and started 
 overland, via Deadwood and Miles City, for Coulson. 
 At that time there was but one small shack in the pres- 
 ent city of Billings, that being the headquarters for 
 the civil engineering department of the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad. On April 15, 1882, Mr. Shannon and his part- 
 ner, W. E. Hull, opened the first drug store in Coulson, 
 and until the last of August their place of business was 
 a small tent. At that time they removed their stock 
 to the building of Judge J. R. Goss, on Montana avenue, 
 and almost immediately thereafter sold the stock to H. 
 H. Bole & Company, 5 Ir. Shannon at that time pur- 
 chasing a herd of cows. With William Talcott he lo- 
 cated the herd on Golden creek, one mile south of A. 
 B. Lamont’s ranch, and he was there engaged in the 
 dairy business until the spring of 1884, when he moved 
 across the divide to Raisor creek, to what was known 
 as the Shannon Road ranch, but of this he disposed in 
 1893 to purchase the Henry Frith ranch near Huntley. 
 On this property Mr. Shannon made a number of im- 
 provements, including irrigation, and met with more 
 than ordinary success in his undertakings, but in Jan- 
 uary, 1898, he decided to try his fortunes in the Alaskan 
 gold fields, and accordingly made his way to Skagway. 
 
1 1 <)() 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Mr. Shannon's brother, Charles E. Shannon, had pre- 
 ceded him to that point during the fall of 1897, but had 
 arrived too late to make the trip down the Yukon, but 
 after Andrew S. had joined him they made a trip to 
 Lake Bennett, accompanied b}' Mark Newman. After 
 returning to Skagway, Mr. Shannon went to Juneau by 
 steamboat to purchase goods, and on the way down 
 received the first sad news of the fate of the sixty 
 passengers lost on the Linn Canal between Sitka and 
 Juneau. Mr. Shannon purchased a large stock of gen- 
 eral merchandise, consisting principally of provisions, 
 ;ind on his return to Skagway bought three horses and 
 moved the goods by relay to Lake Bennett, the journey 
 taking about three months to accomplish. After the 
 opening of navigation the brothers found that Lake 
 Bennett had been side-tracked, but Andrew S. made 
 another trip to Skagway and purchased a large supply 1 
 of potatoes, oranges, lemons and fancy canned goods, ( 
 and had them taken to Lake Bennett by pack horses. In 
 the meantime Charles E. had purchased a scow, ten by 
 thirty-four feet, and on this they loaded all their goods 
 and followed the stampede through Lake Bennett, 
 Tagish, Marsh Lake and Lake La Barge to Thirty Mile 
 river, down through the Lewis river to the Yukon, and 
 then on to Dawson City, the current of the river carry- 
 ing the scow through. They arrived at Dawson City 
 July 8, 1898, and at once retailed their stock of goods 
 at handsome prices, the potatoes bringing as high as 
 $100 per sack, while oranges and lemons were sold for 
 $35 per case. When they had disposed of all their 
 goods with the exception of what they wished to keep 
 for themselves, the Shannon brothers, with C. M. Bair, 
 purchased a gold claim which they worked with small 
 profit during the summer. Mr. Shannon’s brother then 
 went down the Yukon river and up Forty Mile river 
 to Wade creek, where he staked a claim for himself 
 and Andrew S., subsequently returning to Dawson City 
 and then going to Fort Cudoha located at the mouth 
 of the Forty Mile river, where they remained until the 
 ice had formed on Forty Mile river. During the winter 
 they worked the new claim and also did some prospect- 
 ing during the summer of 1899, but in 1899 Charles E. 
 Shannon returned to his home in Duluth, Minnesota, 
 Andrew S. remaining to work the claims. During the 
 late fall the news came of the discovery of gold at 
 Nome, and this started a stampede for that place. Mr. 
 Shannon, not having found gold in any paying quantity, 
 came back to Lake Bennett over the same route he had 
 previously traveled, but on reaching this point found 
 the White Pass Railroad finished from Lake Bennett 
 to Skagway, and was able to make the trip by rail in 
 about two and one-half hours that had taken him three 
 months to negotiate with his horses and sled. About 
 April I, 1900, he arived home, and soon thereafter sold 
 his cattle and horses on the range, which had been 
 looked after by his sons, Avery and Andrew, and 
 located in Billings, intending to retire from business. 
 The active spirit which had characterized his whole 
 life, however, would not allow him to long remain idle, 
 and he soon purchased school lands in Pease Bottoms, 
 Rosebud county. In 1903 he incorporated the Ranchers 
 Ditch Company and contracted for and put in the ditch 
 of fourteen miles, covering 6,000 acres of land, and in 
 1911 he organized the Rosebud Lake Association. This 
 association purchased what was known as Armstrong 
 lake, located eighty miles from Billings in the Bear 
 Tooth mountain district in Carbon county. The region 
 was cleared and improved, and has since become one of 
 the favorite spots for summer outings in the state. 
 Mr. Shannon spent the summer of 1911 in building an 
 automobile road through the canon, with a descent of 
 eight miles, this being one of the most beautiful rides 
 from_ Billings or any part of the state by automobile. 
 The interest manifested by Mr. Shannon in good roads 
 has made him come to be known as “The Pathfinder,” 
 and he has also served his community as county sur- 
 
 veyor and as school director for four years. Frater- 
 nally he is connected with Star Lodge, No. 40, I. O. O. 
 F., and was active in the building of the horne of this 
 order m Billings, and in political matters he gives his 
 influence to the Socialist party. 
 
 _ On October 29, 1874, Mr. Shannon was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Christina E. Spencer, who was born in 
 Indiana, daughter of Joshua and Henrietta (Vanuester- 
 hoLise) Spencer, the former a native of Kentucky, who 
 died in Billings at the age of seventy-six years, and 
 the latter born in Holland and died in Minnesota in 
 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer had three children: Mrs. 
 Shannon; May, the wife of Frank A. Brown, of Yel- 
 lowstone county, Montana; and William, who resides 
 at America, Oklahoma. _ Mr. Spencer was one of the 
 pioneers of St. Paul, Minnesota, where for many years 
 he was engaged in working at_ the trade of cabinet 
 maker. In 18S4 he came to Billings and engaged in a 
 merchandise business, but later retired. In political 
 matters he was a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Shannon 
 have had four children, namely: William A., who is 
 married and makes his home in Florida; Lillian, the 
 wife of A. A. Newman; Andrew, who is carrying on 
 operations on a ranch in the Bull Mountains, Yellow- 
 stone county ; and Edwin, in the manager’s office of 
 the Union Pacific Railroad at Cheyenne, Wyoming, is 
 married and has a son, Howard E. 
 
 Mr. Shannon and his wife reside in their handsome 
 residence at No. 310 South Twenty-ninth street, and 
 are widely and favorably known in Billings. He has 
 always been a public-spirited citizen and one who could 
 be relied upon to serve the best interests of his com- 
 munity. An able organizer, with the capacity and abil- 
 ity to carry out whatever project he promotes, he has 
 been interested in some large and extensive enterprises 
 which have served to place him among the prominent 
 business men of his city and to establish a position for 
 himself among those whose activities have served to 
 make the Yellowstone valley one of the prosperous 
 commercial and industrial centers of the west. 
 
 Yegen Brothers. Should a search be made 
 throughout the length and breadth of the Yellowstone 
 Valley, no fairer or finer example of self-made men 
 could be found than the Yegen Brothers, merchants 
 and financiers of Billings. Brought by chance, in early 
 manhood, in touch with the mercantile business, they 
 seized upon this circumstance as upon an opportunity, 
 mastered the rudiments with a thoroughness that has 
 characterized their every action in life, and upon this 
 practical knowledge budded their exceptional business 
 career. One by one they saw the possibilities as they 
 opened before them, and each possibility became to 
 them a probability and was made a certainty. They 
 mastered in turn the details of the restaurant, bakery, 
 grocery, dry goods and hardware business, and inci- 
 dentally became financiers and have been chosen for 
 their judgment to advise and direct great institutions 
 in the financial world of Montana. Their careers are 
 so interwoven with the history of Billings that it would 
 be almost impossible to make reference to any chapter 
 in the growth of this section without mentioning their 
 names. Their wonderful success, however, has not 
 been a matter of chance, nor has their present high 
 position been attained without the overcoming of nu- 
 merous obstacles and discouragements, and that to- 
 day they stand among Billings’ most successful men is 
 due only to the persistent effort and industry that 
 have characterized their entire activities. 
 
 Hon. Christian Yegen and Peter Yegen are natives 
 of Klosters, Switzerland, where the former was bom 
 November 19, 1857, and the latter August 7, i860, 
 their parents being Conrad and Emerita (Prader) 
 Yegen, natives of the Swiss republic, who after hon- 
 orable and industrious lives passed away in that coun- 
 try in 1885. Their family consisted of four sons and 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1197 
 
 three daughters, of whom the following are living; 
 Christian and Peter, of Billings; Margaret Alleman 
 and Dorothea Plattner, living in Switzerland ; Eliza- 
 beth Copman, of Wyoming; and John Plattner, who 
 resides in Bismarck, North Dakota. 
 
 Christian Yegen was educated to follow the pro- 
 fession of his father, that of teaching, but chose a 
 business life instead, and in 1879 came to the United 
 States and located at Bismarck, North Dakota, whence 
 his brother John and sister Dorothea had preceded 
 him. He learned the trade of bread making with his 
 brother and in the next year took a small farm, which 
 he conducted alone until 1881, when he sent for Peter, 
 who had been farming in a small way in the old coun- 
 try. With the help of their sister they then fol- 
 lowed farming for another year, when they invested 
 their small capital in a little restaurant at Glendive, 
 Montana, and subsequently removed to Terry Station, 
 where they conducted the section house. Buffalo meat 
 was still to be had in plenty, and the brothers and sis- 
 ter made a specialty of a meal consisting of buffalo 
 meat, sauer kraut, cranberries and bread, at seventy- 
 five cents. This proved very popular with the rush 
 of people who were coming to this section, and - so 
 successful did they become that in 1882 they landed 
 in Billings with $3,000, which they invested in a small 
 bakery. This also proved a success until the railroad 
 moved on, when business took a sudden slump, and as 
 a climax the partners all fell sick at the same time, and 
 when, they had recovered found that they had not only 
 lost their business and their capital, but that they were 
 S400 in debt. This probably would have been enough 
 to discourage many peoole, but these sturdy Swiss 
 were made of stern stuff and demonstrated their con- 
 fidence in the future of Billings by again establishing 
 themselves in a bakery business here, their baking 
 being done in the mornings and the product peddled in 
 the afternoons. At first five dollars constituted a .good 
 day’s receipts, but soon they were averaging thirty 
 dollars daily, and inside of a year they were able to 
 purchase their first building, for $2,700, and began to 
 itranch out into a new field, adding a small stock of 
 groceries. Their location at that time was on the 
 south side, not far from their present establishment, 
 but they soon found the need of more space, and sub- 
 sequently removed to a two-story structure, twenty- 
 eight by eighty feet, on the site of the present magnifi- 
 cent establishment of Yegen Brothers. In 1893 an ad- 
 dition was built, about the same size as their former 
 building, to be used for hardware, and in the next 
 year a fifty-five foot addition was added to the grocery. 
 So rapidly did the business grow that in the following 
 year they were compelled to build another structure 
 as large as all the other buildings, and this they 
 stocked with dry goods, choosing a well-assorted stock 
 of the finest kind. Still they found that their grocery- 
 needed more room, and they extended the hardware 
 building back fifty feet and added another story, this 
 being in 1898. After this they erected a cold storage 
 plant, thirty by thirty-four feet, in 1900. It was in 
 1900 that the Yegen Brothers entered the banking 
 business, opening a savings institution in Billings, which 
 was the first of its kind in the city and immediately at- 
 tracted a host of depositors. During that year they 
 erected a building seventy-five by one hundred and 
 thirty feet to accommodate their increased trade in 
 hardware and implements, and in 1903 they opened 
 savings banks at Anaconda and Gardiner. Subse- 
 quently, during the following year, they purchased the 
 wholesale grocery business of Millis & Company, to- 
 gether with the spacious warehouses of that concern, 
 adding this new interest to their already immense en- 
 terprise. In 1895 the brothers had purchased their 
 sister’s interest, and in 1902 the firm of Yegen Broth- 
 ers was incorporated, they being the sole owners of 
 the business outside of a few shares of stock sold 
 to several trusted employes. They have platted two 
 
 additions to the city of Billings, and take a lively 
 interest in anything that will develop the resources 
 of the community. Although their business activities 
 have kept them extremely busy, they have found time 
 to manifest their public spirit in many ways. 
 
 Christian Yegen was married August 27, 1893, to 
 Miss Laura B. Clark, daughter of W. R. Clark, for- 
 rnerly of Bozeman, Montana, and now a resident of 
 Vancouver, Washington. Five children have been born 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Yegen: Laura, Dora, Mildred, Vir- 
 ginia and Christian. In September, 1890, Peter Yegen 
 was married to Miss Marguerite Trepp, a native of 
 Switzerland, whose parents reside in Lewiston, Mon- 
 tana, and they have had three children : David, Peter 
 and Elizabeth. 
 
 In political matters the brothers are Republicans. In 
 1892 Christian Yegen was elected alderman, a position 
 in which he sensed for two years, and later he was 
 sent to the lower house of the state assembly. In 1896 
 he was elected mayor of Billings, and in 1904 was his 
 fellow-townsmen’s choice for the office of state sena- 
 tor. In all his official capacities he has displayed fine 
 ability and has discharged his duties with the same 
 conscientious thoroughness that was such an important 
 factor in building up his private interests. At present 
 Mr. Peter Yegen is a member of the library board. 
 
 As business men the Yegen brothers are recognized 
 as possessing the utmost ability, push and energy, and 
 as citizens none stand any better. In the accomplish- 
 ment of building up their present vast industry they 
 have had very little leisure time, and today, even, they 
 are harder workers than any of their numerous em- 
 ployes, and theic success in life is largely attributed to 
 the close personal attention they have always given 
 every detail in their business. 
 
 Howarp W. Pierce. An authority as regards the ad- 
 vancement of the mechanical, manufacturing and com- 
 mercial industries of our country has recently said that 
 the future history of the automobile industry will not 
 differ from the history of the sale and manufacture of 
 other commercial articles which have become necessities 
 in the every-day life of the nation; that farm imple- 
 ments, locomotives, electric motors, typewriters and 
 sewing machines have become established articles of 
 commerce, and that the automobile has in the same 
 manner become a fixed industry. No person has a 
 greater realization of the wonderful growth of this 
 comparatively new industry than Howard W. Pierce, 
 of Butte, who, as president and general manager of the 
 Silver Bow Automobile Company, is now carrying on 
 an extensive and renumerative business, handling the 
 productions of three of the leading motor companies 
 of the United States. 
 
 Mr. Pierce is a Montana boy, his birth having oc- 
 curred, January 6, 1882, in Wickes, Jefferson county. 
 His father, William H. Pierce, was born in Iowa, of 
 English ancestry. Coming to Montana in 1879, he was 
 engaged in business as a lumber manufacturer and 
 dealer, in Jefferson county until 1911, when he settled 
 on a farm in Dowagiac, Michigan. He married Lil- 
 lian Hubbell, who was born in New York state, of 
 New England stock, one of her ancestors having crossed 
 the Atlantic in the Mayflower, landing in Plymouth, 
 Massachusetts, in 1620. She died November 14, 1904, 
 at a comparatively early age. Four children were born 
 of their union, as follows : Mrs. E. P. Dawson, of Butte; 
 Gertrude, deceased; Mrs. George Patterson, of Kala- 
 mazoo, Michigan, and Howard W., twins. 
 
 Acquiring -his early knowledge in the public schools 
 of Boulder and Butte, Mr. Pierce attended the Butte 
 Business College and School of Mines, and was sub- 
 sequently employed in mechanical work of different 
 kinds. A man of decided business ability and acumen, 
 he organized, in 1908, the Silver Bow Automobile Com- 
 pany, which was incorporated in March of that year. 
 
1198 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 aiul was made general manager of its establishment, 
 which was located at the corner of Montana and Mer- 
 cury streets. In this position, j\lr. Pierce proved him- 
 self so efficient that in February, 1911, he was elected 
 president and general manager of the company. On 
 October 12, 19U, the company moved to its present 
 advantageous location at the corner of Park and Idaho 
 streets, where it has one of the finest automobile estab- 
 lishments in the state. Mr. Pierce has here built up an 
 extensive business, occupying hfteen thousand scpiare 
 feet of floor space, and as a dealer in the Pierce-Arrovy, 
 Sievens-Duryea and Chalmers machines, controls a busi- 
 ness that amounts annually to nearly a quarter of a 
 million dollars. 
 
 In politics Air. Pierce is Independent, voting for the 
 best men and measures regardless of party affiliations. 
 He belongs to the Alachinists’' Union, and is a member 
 of the Silver Bow and of the Country clubs. 
 
 On June 14, 1905, Air. Pierce was united in marriage 
 with Louise Gieser, who was born in St. Louis, Aiis- 
 souri, a daughter of George Gieser, and they have one 
 child, Afargaret Pierce, born in Butte, February 28, 
 1908. 
 
 Kenneth AIcLean. Custer county’s citizenship 
 compares well with that of any other section of Aion- 
 tana, and it is not out of place to suggest that among 
 the leading men of affairs and puDiic consequence, 
 there are not a few who can claim Scotland as a birth- 
 place. Kenneth AIcLean, who twice has served m the 
 senate of this state and is one of the leading business 
 men of Miles City and interested intelligently in a hun- 
 dred ways in movements for public betterment here, 
 was twenty-three years of age w'hen he established his 
 home at Aiiles City, with everything to learn of the 
 American people and American ways. He was born 
 in Rosshire, Scotland, December 25, 1859, and is a son 
 of Alexander and Afargaret (.Meixay) McLean. 1 he 
 mother died in Scotland, in t8/3) btit the father, now 
 in Ins seventy-sixth year, still survives and continues 
 his interest in his stock farm. Of the four children of 
 the family two yet live, Kenneth and James, the lat- 
 ter being still a resident of Scotland. 
 
 Kenneth McLean was well instructed m the schools 
 near Ins father's farm and afterward gained a thor- 
 ough knowledge of the stock business on the old home- 
 stead. He remained there until 1881, when the oppor- 
 tunity was offered him of taking charge of a stock 
 farm for a company in Nebraska, which he accepted 
 and ever since has been interested to some degree in 
 stock and cattle raising. In 1882 he came to Alontana, 
 and now owns a ranch of 23,000 acres, situated on 
 O’Fallon creek, in Glister county, together with a rarich 
 of 680 acres lying in the Yellowstone valley, nine 
 miles east of Aiiles City. This property has been im- 
 proved and irrigated and is very valuable. For a 
 number of years Air. AIcLean gave attention to sheep 
 growing in particular and later was interested still 
 more extensively in Hambletonian horses and fine cat- 
 tle, but in later years has restricted his stock activi- 
 ties to some extent. His attention is largely de- 
 manded by other important business interests. In 
 1908, in association with others, he bought the W. B. 
 Jordan & Sons, general merchants, stock and good 
 will. It is one of the old business concerns of Miles 
 City, having been established in 1879. The new com- 
 pany incorporated it in igo8, the old firm name being 
 retained and Air. AIcLean became vice-president of the 
 reorganized company. He is president also of the 
 Aiiles City Independent Publishing Company, which 
 issues two newspapers, the Miles City Independent 
 Weekly and the Miles City Star, a daily journal. He 
 is on the directing board of the First National Bank 
 of Miles City. 
 
 Mr. AIcLean is one of the active Republicans of 
 Custer county and in 1901 he was elected a member of 
 
 the state senate with a gratifying majority, and ap- 
 proval of his course as a statesman was shown in his 
 re-election in 1905. During these two terms at Helena 
 he proved useful to his constituents and section and 
 with honesty and efficiency served on many important 
 committees. 
 
 On April 28, 1886, Air. AIcLean was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Anna McKenzie, who was born in 
 Minnesota, a daughter of John G. and Rose (McFar- 
 land) AIcKenzie. The mother of Mrs. AIcLean died 
 in the latter’s childhood, and the father spent his last 
 years with Air. and Airs. AIcLean, his death occurring 
 in his eighty-seventh year. For more than forty years 
 he had been engaged in the lumber business in Minne- 
 sota. Air. and Airs. AIcLean have had four children : 
 Alargaret Rose, who is the wife of Charles E. Brown; 
 Ina Alabel ; Wallace Bruce, who is manager of the 
 Aiiles City Independent Publishing Companv; and 
 Kenneth Miles, who died at the age of three years. 
 The family residence is a handsome structure which 
 Air. AIcLean purchased in 1900. The family belongs 
 to the Presbyterian church. Airs. AIcLean is a woman 
 of culture and is one of the trustees of the Carnegie 
 Public Library at Aiiles City. In his fraternal fela- 
 tions Air. AIcLean is identified with the Free-masons 
 of Aiiles City and with Miles City lodge of Elks, and 
 belongs also to the Red Cross Society. 
 
 William E. Albright, the popular county assessor 
 of Granite county, Alontana, has won an unusual dis- 
 tinction to himself by reason of his second election 
 to the office he now holds, he being the only man 
 ever selected to the office more than once. The fact 
 speaks most eloquently of his popularity, his ability, 
 and the even justice with which he has discharged 
 the duties of his office. 
 
 A resident of Alontana since 1882, Mr. Albright was 
 born in Clay county, Missouri, on September 2, 1859. 
 He is the son of Rev. William H. Albright and his wife. 
 Alary J. (Luke) Albright. The father was born in 
 North Carolina, later making his home in Alissouri. 
 He was a Methodist minister for more than forty years, 
 but in his later life affiliated with the Presbyterian 
 church. He died in 1904 at the age of seventy-six years. 
 His wife died in 1865 when she was but thirty-two years 
 old. Four children were born to them, William E. 
 of this review being the second. 
 
 As a boy, William E. Albright attended the common 
 schools of his home town in Missouri, later taking a 
 special high school course, after which he entered Wil- 
 liam Jewell College at Liberty, Alissouri, and com- 
 pleted a course of study there. In 1882, when he was 
 twenty-three years old Mr. Albright came to Montana, 
 and he has been true to the great Treasure state of the 
 union since his first sight of it. He first settled in the 
 Flint valley, where he followed ranching for nearly 
 twenty years. During that time, as now, he was in- 
 terested in a financial way in mining ventures and has 
 done some extensive operating, acquiring some valu- 
 able properties in various parts of the state. In 1900 
 Mr. Albright sold out his ranch interests and has since 
 that time conducted his mining operations in connec- 
 tion with his public duties. 
 
 Mr. Albright is a stanch Democrat and most active 
 in the political interests of the city and county. He 
 is. now serving his second term as county assessor of 
 Granite county, as mentioned in a previous paragraph, 
 and his services in the office have been of a most grati- 
 fying nature to all concerned. He has been a mernber 
 of the county school board, in which office he acquitted 
 himself most creditably. . , 00 .. 
 
 Air. Albright was married November 25, 1885. to 
 Mies Sallie Walker, the daughter of Rev. and Mrs. 
 David Walker, one-time residents of Missouri. Rev. 
 Walker was the first Protestant clergyman to preach 
 a sermon in Anaconda. He was a prominent Mason. 
 
HISTORY OF .AIOXTAXA 
 
 1199 
 
 His death occurred in California, when he was eighty- 
 four years of age. His wife, the mother of Mrs. Al- 
 bright, was Ellen Morrow. They were married in 
 Missouri, and there she passed away in her young 
 womanhood, her death occurring when she was but 
 twenty-nine years old. Mrs. Albright is a devoted 
 member of the Presbyterian church, and is leader of 
 the choir in that church. She is especially fond of 
 music, and is something of a student. The Albrights 
 have a fine library, which is the source of much pleas- 
 ure to the family. One daughter, Alta Morrow, shares 
 their home with them. She is organist in the church 
 which th"-' family attend, having pursued a partial 
 course i.i the musical department of the Lindenwood 
 (Mo.) College. 
 
 Ir.\ I.. Whitney. Yellowstone county has been sin- 
 gularly fortunate in securing for its administrative 
 ■officers men who have made their private interests sub- 
 servient to those of the peoole, who have regarded 
 their public office as a sacred trust, and whose best 
 energies at all times have been devoted to the county's 
 welfare. That this has been the high aim of the present 
 able and conscientious county treasurer, Ira L. Whit- 
 ney, of Billings, is testified to by the fact that he has 
 been regularly returned to his important office since 
 1908, and the universal respect and esteem in which he 
 is held by his fellow-citizens demonstrate that he has 
 been successful in his endeavor. Mr. Whitney was 
 born in Cheyenne, Wyoming, May 20, 1871, and is a 
 son of Frank S. and Margaret Orilla (Karns) Whit- 
 ney. 
 
 Frank S. Whitney was born in Pittsfield, Lorain 
 county, Ohio, January 17, 1845, and when he was 
 twelve years of age was taken by his parents to Mount 
 Pleasant, Iowa. There he received a public school and 
 collegiate education, and wf.“n he was but eighteen 
 years of age enlisted, in May, 1863, in Company A, 
 Forty-fifth Regiment, Iowa Volunteer Infantry, with 
 which he served until securing his honorable discharge. 
 During a part of his service Mr. Whitney’s company 
 was detailed for guard duty, and it was during this 
 time that he achieved special distinction. A number of 
 men had been shot at a certain point and the sharp- 
 shooter still remained uncaught, the consequence being 
 that the men were unwilling to stand guard at that 
 particular point. Finally lots were drawn, and it fell 
 to Mr. Whitney to take up his post at the spot where 
 a number of his comrades had been killed. First 
 ■carefully looking over the ground, he decided that the 
 Confederate soldier was probably doing his shooting 
 from a near-by tree, and accordingly hid in the bushes, 
 from whence he saw the sharpshooter climb the tree 
 and secrete himself in the branches. Waiting until 
 morning, Mr. Whitney covered him with his gun and 
 took him prisoner. For this skilled bit of work, to 
 Mr. Whitney was later sent a letter of commendation 
 by President Lincoln. When he had secured his hon- 
 orable discharge he returned to his Iowa home, but in 
 1866 removed to Leavenworth, Kansas, and was en- 
 gaged by a freighting company which was shipping 
 goods overland by ox-teams to Virginia City, Mon- 
 tana. On arriving at this place he was for a short time 
 engaged in mining in Alder Gulch, and in the fall 
 of 1867 removed to Cheyenne, Wyoming, where for 
 about one and one-half years he was employed as a 
 clerk. Subsequentlv he entered the draying business 
 on his own account, to which he later added the coal 
 business, and on May 29, 1870, was married in that 
 city. During the fall of 1871 he added to his business 
 a sales and feed stable, and in the summer of 1874 
 engaged in freighting between Cheyenne and Dead- 
 wood, South Dakota, and continued that business for 
 twenty years. In the meantime, in August, 1882, he 
 came to Miles City, Montana, and later removed to 
 Coul5on, near the present site of Billings, continuing 
 
 the freighting business ahead of the Northern Pacific 
 until he reached Bozeman. Then he retraced his steps, 
 stopping at Junction, just across the river from the 
 present town of Custer, where he continued the 
 freighting business between that point and Forts Mc- 
 Ginnis and Custer and various points in Wyoming. 
 In 1891 he sold his oxen and wagons and retired from 
 the freighting business, at that time having his resi- 
 dence at what was known as Junction, During i'884 
 and 1885 he had the Sfovernment contract to furnish 
 beef to Fort Custer, his forwarding house being at 
 Custer. Air. Whitney came to Billings in 1895, after 
 spending about one year in California, in an effort to 
 recuperate his health. He was always an active Re- 
 publican and as early as 1874 served as city marshal 
 of Cheyenne. In 1873 and 1S74 he was a member of 
 the Wyoming territorial legislature, acted as a mem- 
 ber of the last territorial legislature of Montana, 
 served as county commissioner of Yellowstone countv 
 for four years, and during 1895-6 was county as-sessor, 
 and after his death, on March i8th of the latter year, 
 his son, Ira L., completed his unexpired term. While 
 in Cheyenne, Mr. Whitney was made a Mason, belong- 
 ing to the blue lodge. Chapter and Commandery, be- 
 ing secretary of all these bodies, and on coming to Bil- 
 lings transferred his membership to these organiza- 
 tions here. He was a popular comrade of McKinley 
 Post, No. 29, G. A. R., and had numerous friends 
 throughout the city. Mr. Whitney was married May 
 29, 1870, in Cheyenne, to Miss Alargaret Orilla Karns, 
 who was born in Des Moines, Iowa, Januari' 3, 1850, 
 and she still survives him and is a well-known member 
 of the Congregational church. Four children were 
 born to Mr. and Mrs. Whitney, namely : Ira L. ; 
 
 Alartha E., who died in infancy : Charles A., who died 
 August 12, 1905. when twenty-eight years of age ; and 
 Orilla Karns, who married Winford Grilling and lives 
 in Billings. 
 
 Ira L. Whitney was educated at Fort Pierre, North 
 Dakota, in Yellowstone county, Montana, and at Po- 
 mona College, Claremont, San Bernardino county, 
 California. From 1884 to 1900 he was engaged in the 
 cattle business with his brother Charles, having come 
 to Billings in 1895. In the year following his advent 
 here he was called upon to fill the office made vacant by 
 his father’s death, and he subsequently became deputy 
 comity clerk under J. W. Fish. In 1906 he received the 
 election to the office of county clerk, and as such 
 served one term. He was first elected county treas- 
 urer in the fall of 1908 and again was his party’s 
 choice in 1910. He has also served as a member of 
 the Billings school board for eleven years, and is con- 
 sidered one of the most influential Republicans in the 
 city. Air. Whitney has also interested himself in fra- 
 ternal work, and belongs to Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, A. 
 F. & A. AI. ; Billings Chapter No. 6, R. A. M. ; Aide- 
 mar Commandery No. 5, K. T., and Algeria ' Temple, 
 A. A. O. N. AI. S.. Helena, and at the present time is 
 exalted ruler of Billings Lodge, No. 394, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On February 10, 1902, Air Whitney was married to 
 Aliss Harriet C Stebbins, who was born in Peter- 
 sham, Alassachusetts, daughter of Roland and Flor- 
 ence (Barney) Stebbins, both of whom died in 1902 
 in Billings. Air. Stebbins was born at Deerfield, Mas- 
 sachusetts, where he followed farming, and can e to 
 Billings in 1890. He attended the Congregational church, 
 was a Republican in political matters, and was affiliated 
 fraternally with the Woodmen of the World. He and 
 his wife, also a native of Deerfield, had three daughters, 
 namely: Harriet C., who married Air. Whitney; Ellen, 
 the wife of Lloyd Lipp, of Billings ; and Alabel, who 
 married Charles Avery and lives in Seattle, Washing- 
 ton. Mr. and Airs. Whitney have one daughter, Flor- 
 ence Orilla. The family home is at No. 919 North 
 Thirtieth street, where the numerous friends of Mr. 
 and Airs. Whitney meet with true western hospitrlity. 
 
1-200 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Mr. Whitney is a man eminently fitted for the high 
 office he holds. Thoroughly conscientious in all that 
 he undertakes, he is conducting the county treasury 
 in a manner that meets with the full approval of the 
 people of Yellowstone county and assures them of an 
 economical administration. .His record is above re- 
 proach, and he holds a prominent place among the men 
 who are making this section of the country set an ex- 
 ample for others to follow. 
 
 Joseph C. Auu). Tracing his ancestry back through 
 Revolutionary soldiers and early settlers of the Ameri- 
 can colonies to residents of Ecclefechan, county Dum- 
 fries, Scotland, the historic home of Robert Burns, 
 Joseph C. Auld, receiver of the United States land 
 office at Miles City, Montana, presents in his character 
 the sturdy, thrifty traits of the sons of Scotia, and the 
 enterprise, reliability and fidelity to duty that have 
 made members of his family desirable officials of the 
 United States both in times of war and peace. Dur- 
 ing a long and active career he has held positions 
 of prominence in public and civil life, and has so con- 
 ducted his affairs as to win and maintain the entire con- 
 fidence of the people of whatever community in which 
 his activities have been prosecuted. Mr. Auld is a 
 native of Boothby Harbor, Maine, whence his ances- 
 tors on Ixtth sides came as early as the seventeenth 
 century, his father’s people from Scotland, and his 
 mother’s family being of Scotch-Irish extraction. He 
 was born September i6, 1856, and is a son of John and 
 Mary A. (Holton) Auld, both natives of Boothby 
 Harbor. 
 
 John Auld was born in 1806, and in early life be- 
 came a seafaring man, for a number of years being 
 captain of vessels sailing the Atlantic coast. Later 
 he was lighthouse keeper of Burnt Island Light No. 
 8, but in his declining years retired from active pur- 
 suits and spent his last days among his neighbors at 
 Boothby Harbor, death occurring in 1872. He was a 
 deacon in the Congregational church, and was first a 
 Whig and later a Republican in politics. Mrs. Auld 
 was born in 1816 and survived her husband until 1909, 
 having been the mother of eleven children, of whom 
 three died in infancy, while five still survive; Delia, 
 the wife of Charles P. Gilbert, living at Greenfield, 
 Iowa; Sarah, the widow of Freeman Hodgdon, of 
 Boothby Harbor, Maine; Mary E., the wife of Arthur 
 L. Hayden, of Melrose, Massachusetts ; Harriet W., 
 wife of James B. Austin, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts; 
 and Joseph C. 
 
 Even in his early years Joseph C. Auld displayed 
 those characteristics of ambition and energy which 
 were to feature his whole life, and as soon as he had 
 completed his educational training in the public schools 
 of Boothby Harbor, went to Boston and secured a 
 position as clerk with a wholesale boot and shoe ffrm 
 and was subsequently employed in a wholesale dry 
 goods establishment. In 1878 he removed to Green- 
 field, Iowa, near which city he spent the next three 
 years on a farm, and in the spring of 1882 came to 
 Glendive,' Montana, to engage in work on a cattle 
 ranch. At the end of that period he homesteaded a 
 ranch of 160 acres in Dawson county, but after con- 
 tinuing thereon for three years returned to Glendive 
 and engaged in a general merchandise business with 
 Douglas & Mead. In 1886 he was elected county treas- 
 urer of Dawson county, and was twice re-elected, 
 serving six years in this responisble office, and in 1887 
 purchased a drug business, which he operated while 
 continuing in public office. He then engaged in ranch- 
 ing up to 1897, in the meantime, in 1894, being elected 
 to represent his county in the Fourth general assembly 
 of the state legislature and in 1896 receiving the elec- 
 tion to the office of state senator. He resigned from 
 the latter office_ in 1897 when he was appointed a mem- 
 ber of the United States mineral land commission, to 
 
 examine lands within the bounds of the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad land grant, and after continuing in 
 that capacity four years embarked in the coal business 
 in Helena. After two years spent in this enterprise, 
 Mr. Auld removed to Forsyth and became cashier of 
 the Forsyth State Bank, and in December, 1903, was 
 appointed to his present official position in Miles Cit}', 
 which he has held continuously. His support has al- 
 ways been given to the Republican party, and he is 
 known as an active and influential worker for its can- 
 didates. Pie is entitled to and maintains membership 
 in the Sons of the American Revolution, and with his 
 family attends the Presbyterian church. 
 
 On August 20, 1886, Mr. Auld was married to Miss 
 Lillian A. Chapin, who was born in Louisville, Ken- 
 tuckiq daughter of Joshua L. and Fannie (Low) Chap- 
 in, natives of Massachusetts, both of whom are de- 
 ceased. Mr. Chapin served his country as a soldier 
 in a Massachusetts regiment during the Civil war, 
 after which he spent some years in Illinois and Ken- 
 tucky, but later returned to Massachusetts, and there, 
 passed the remainder of his active years in a gen- 
 eral merchandise business. He was a stanch Republi- 
 can and a well-known comrade of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic. Mr. and Mrs. Auld have one child, their 
 son, John Phillip. 
 
 JuSTiSE L. Wilson. One of those who has seen the 
 gradual disappearance of the range before the en- 
 croaching agriculturists, and who from his boyhood 
 days and through four states has been compelled to 
 seek new fields for the -grazing of his cattle and sheep, 
 constantly traveling westward until he has come to 
 the realization that the days of the range have passed, 
 is Justise L. Wilson, the owner of an excellent ranch 
 situated about ninety miles from Miles City, in Custer 
 county. Mr. Wilson is a product of the farm, having 
 been born on the old homestead situated near Fort 
 Wayne, Allen county, Indiana, November 22, i860, a 
 son of John T. and Hannah D. (Jones) Wilson. 
 
 John T. Wilson was born at Findlay, Hancock count}', 
 Ohio, and as a young man becafne a pioneer farmer 
 and stock raiser of Allen county, Indiana. During 
 the early ’sixties he drove his stock overland to 
 Marshall county, Iowa, and settled on a farm near 
 Legrand, where his death occurred in 1865. He and 
 his wife, who survived him -some years and lived to 
 reach the age of sixty-five, had a family of twelve 
 children, of whom ten lived to maturity, wffile eight 
 still survive, and three of their sons, Charles, John and 
 Jacob, served as soldiers in an Indiana regiment during 
 the Civil war. In political matters Mr. Wilson was 
 originally a Whig, but subsequently transferred his 
 allegiance to the Republican party. 
 
 After the death of her husband, Mrs. Wilson con- 
 tinued t(»i work the homestead with her children, bravely 
 endeavoring to keep the family together. The early 
 education of Justise L. Wilson was secured in the 
 public schools of Legrand, Iowa, and when the family 
 moved to near Hastings, Nebraska, in 1879, he con- 
 tinued his studies there. After his marriage, in Janu- 
 ary, 1882, when just past his twenty-first year, he trav- 
 eled overland to the Powder river, in Custer county. 
 Montana, with his wife, his sole possessions at that 
 time being a span of mules and two young colts. En- 
 gaging in the cattle, sheep and horse business, so well 
 has he conducted his operations that he is the owner 
 of 5,000 acres of good land, and running 40,000 head 
 of sheep, in addition to cattle and horses. In Illinois, 
 Iowa, Nebraska and Montana Mr. Wilson has gradu- 
 ally been forced to move before the approach of the 
 farmers, whose insistent demand for land has put 
 an end to the halcyon days of the open range. He has 
 been more than ordinarily successful in his operations, 
 and for honorable and upright dealing has always 
 been noted, while as a good citizen no man has sus- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1201 
 
 tained a higher character. With no means at the out- 
 set, nothing save industry, sound judgment, perse- 
 verance, sobriety and economy, he has made a happy 
 success of life, and may with all truth be named as 
 the architect of his own fortune. He has headquarters 
 in the First National Bank building, Miles City, where 
 he has many friends, drawn about him by the same kind 
 and genial spirit, the same accessibility to all classes, 
 which marked his former years. In political matters he 
 has always been independent. But at the convention 
 held at Miles City by the national Progressive party 
 August 24, 1912, they nominated him as their candi- 
 date for state senator. Fraternally he is con- 
 nected with Custer Lodge, No. 13, I. O. O. F., of Miles 
 City, and Miles City Lodge, No. 537, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On January 29, 1882, Mr. Wilson was married at the 
 farm of his bride’s father near Hastings, Nebraska, to 
 Miss Margaret Duncan, a native of Savannah, Illinois, 
 and the eighteen-year-old daughter of Patrick Duncan. 
 The latter, a native of Ireland, came to the United 
 States as a young man, and first engaged in farm- 
 ing in Illinois, but in 1879 settled near Hastings, 
 Nebraska, where he was identified with agricultural 
 matters until his death, at the age of ninety years. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Wilson have four children : Ernest Lee, 
 William R., Julinalta and Helen. The sons are engaged 
 in business with their father and reside on the ranch, 
 while Mrs. Wilson and her daughters spend the school 
 seasons in Denver, Colorado, in which city the young 
 l'.,dies are being given exceptional educational advan- 
 tages. 
 
 William E. Savage.' Since the days of the Vigil- 
 antes, when Montana was so overrun with the lawless 
 element among the miners and adventurers that the 
 administration of justice in the hands of the consti- 
 tuted authorities became but a travesty, William E. 
 Savage, a member of that famous organization which 
 cleared the country of thieves and murderers, has always 
 so ordered his life as to be a credit to his community 
 and a friend of law and order. As a business man he 
 has carried on extensive operations in Miles City for 
 more than thirty years, and in public affairs has served 
 efficiently in various official capacities, gaining and re- 
 taining the respect and confidence of the community in 
 a marked degree. Mr. Savage was born September 8, 
 1858, in Hennepin county, Minnesota, and is a son of 
 Charles W. and Fannie (Blowers) Savage. 
 
 Charles W. Savage was born near the city of Syra- 
 cuse, New York, in 1833, and was a son of Aaron 
 and Caroline (Whitford) Savage, the former born in 
 Rochester, New York, and the latter in Vermont, of 
 English ancestry. Aaron Savage was a shoemaker, 
 and serv'ed with distinction in the American army dur- 
 ing the Mexican war. Charles W. Savage received 
 his. education in the common schools, and was a lad, 
 in 1839, when the family moved to Michigan, in which 
 state he grew to manhood as a farmer. In 1855 he 
 went to Minnesota, locating land and engaging in farm- 
 ing in Hennepin county, twelve miles from Minne- 
 ■apolis. In April, 1861, at the first call for troops, he 
 enlisted in the First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry, 
 under Capt. William Harmon, and with the Army 
 of the Potomac served in twenty-eight battles. Just 
 after hS promotion to corporal, at the battle of Fred- 
 ericksburg, he was wounded, a shot carrying away part 
 of his foot, and this incapacitated him for further duty 
 and he received his honorable discharge. Returning 
 to Minneapolis, he engaged in a mercantile business 
 until 1872, when he was employed in a clerical capacity 
 by the Northern Pacific Railroad, Moorhead depart- 
 ment, remaining therewith until the road was com- 
 pleted to Bismarck. Later he had full charge of their 
 business. _ In 1874 he was thus employed during the 
 construction of the Minnesota and Dakota division. 
 In 1876 he came to Montana, during the construction 
 of Fort Keogh, where he was employed in clerical 
 
 work for Capt. A. R. Ninnenger, and later the two 
 were engaged in business together in Miles City until 
 1883. Mr. Savage was elected the first treasurer of 
 Custer county in 1878, and was re-elected in 1880. He 
 was the first post-master of Miles City, the first town 
 of that name, before the present IMiles City was moved 
 to its present site, being appointed to that office by 
 President Hayes, and in 1884 was elected sheriff and 
 served two years. He then moved to Livingston and 
 engaged in the drug business, subsequently conducted 
 the Hotel Albemarle four years, and then, returning 
 to Miles City, took charge of the Hotel McQueen. For 
 four years he had charge of the Hunter Springs Hotel, 
 but subsequently took over the management of the 
 Leighton Hotel, and his death occurred soon after 
 giving up this last hostelry, September 8, 1905. A 
 stanch Republican, he was sent to represent his • dis- 
 trict in the territorial legislature. Fraternally he was 
 connected with the blue lodge, chapter and com- 
 mandery of Masonry at Glendive, being a charter 
 member thereof, and also was associated with the 
 Algeria Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at Helena, serving 
 as junior and senior warden. He was a charter mem- 
 ber also of the Miles City lodges of the Odd Fellows, 
 the Elks and the Knights of Pythias. In 1853 Mr. 
 Savage was married to Miss Fannie Blowers, a native 
 of Michigan, daughter of Hiram and Polly (Cooley) 
 Blowers, natives of Vermont, and she died in 1863, 
 having been the mother of three sons and a daughter, 
 of whom two sons survive : William E. and Geor’ge 
 W., the latter living at Sheridan, Wyoming. For his 
 second wife Mr. Savage married Miss Ida Brown, 
 who died without issue, and his third wife, Mary E. 
 Cafey, is now living in Colorado. 
 
 William E. Savage secured his education in Hennepin 
 county, and Moorhead, ^Minnesota, and in April, 1882, 
 located in Miles City, iMontana and engaged in busi- 
 ness with Dr. R. G. Redd. This association continued 
 until the fall of 1889, at which time Mr. Savage pur- 
 chased his partner's interest, and he has since con- 
 ducted the establishment alone. He carries a large 
 and complete stock of all kinds of drugs, and his busi- 
 ness is conducted in an able and successful manner. 
 Mr. Savage was elected in 1889 the first county treas- 
 urer of Custer county after ?^Iontana became a state, 
 taking the office in 1890, and he served in that capacity 
 for five years, giving complete satisfaction to his fel- 
 low citizens. In 1901 he was elected sheriff of the 
 county, a position for which he was peculiarly fitted 
 on account of his e.xperience as a member of the 
 famous A'igilantes, was re-elected in 1903, 1905 and 
 1907, and during his four terms of office thoroughly 
 maintained order in his community and proved one 
 -of the most popular officers the county has known. 
 Fraternally Mr. Savage is connected with Lodge No. 
 26, A. F. & A. jM., of which he acted as treasurer for 
 twelve yeaVs, and is the oldest member of this lodge 
 living in IMiles City; Crusader Lodge, No. 7, Knights 
 of Pythias; and IMiles City Lodge No. 537, B. P. O. E., 
 of which he has acted as treasurer. As did also his, 
 father, he gives his allegiance to the candidates and 
 principles of the Republican party, and is known as 
 one of that organization's most influential workers in 
 this part of the state. 
 
 On September 8, 1881, in Bismarck, North Dakota. 
 Mr. Savage was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie 0 . 
 Sweet, who was born in Becker county, Minnesota, 
 and died November 5, 1909. She was the daughter 'of 
 George W. Sweet, a prominent attorney of Hennepin 
 county, Minnesota, who acted as counsel for the North- 
 ern Pacific Railroad. He died in Havre, Montana. 
 Four children were born to Air. and Mrs. Savage, 
 namely: Fannie Estelle, who is a graduate of the 
 
 Minnesota State Normal school, and now the wife of 
 Frank Williams, of Deer Lodge, Alontana; Lucille, a 
 graduate of the St. Cloud Business College, Minne- 
 sota ; Percy W., a graduate in pharmacy from North- 
 
1202 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA' 
 
 .west' rn University, Chicago, and now in business with 
 liis father; and Eugene W., who is a student in the 
 .Miles City high school. 
 
 William Wilson Hakper, postmaster and leading 
 business man of .A.naconda, presents in his frank and 
 jovial personality an example of triumphing over dif¥i- 
 cultj', not once l.uit many times. When he arrived in 
 .Anaconda to become a citizen of the community he 
 was without means, and in the face of this situation 
 he met reverses time and again. His pluck and perse- 
 verance, however, kept him battling for the upper hand, 
 and he is today in a secure place, enjoying prosperity 
 and what is more by far to him, the friendship, respect 
 and esteem of his fellow citizens. 
 
 Vinton, Iowa, was the original home of Mr. Harper, 
 he being born at that place on March 26, 1861, Until 
 sixteen years of age he attended the country schools 
 of the neighborhood, absorbing such lessons in “r^adin’, 
 ’ritin’, and ’rithmetic,” as the meager opportunities of 
 the vicinity afforded. Then he remained with his par- 
 ents on the farm until he attained his majority. 
 
 When his twenty-first birthday anniversary arrived lie 
 determined to seek points further west, and therefore, 
 came to Montana, the Deer Lodge Valley being his 
 objective point. He secured a position as manager for 
 the Spencer-Johnson Ranch Company, and remained 
 with them for si.x years, then went to the Big Hole 
 country as manager for N. J. Bielenberg’s ranch. This 
 was in the spring of 1888, and he remained at this place 
 until the fall of 1890, when he came to Anaconda, to 
 liecome manager for the Crystal Ice Company. 
 
 He next worked for Walker & Gills, butchers, for 
 three years, then leased and operated the Crystal Ice 
 Company’s plants for two years. In the fall of 1898 
 he purchased the entire plant and other equipment, and 
 he conducted this personally until 1905, when he took 
 as his partner Mr. A. J. Touchreherer the firm being 
 now known as the Anaconda Ice Company. 
 
 Mr. Harper is the owner of a fine ranch of 160 
 acres near Anaconda, on which is a splendid body 
 of mountain water, from which most of the ice con- 
 sumed in Anaconda is taken. He has a pleasant home 
 and owns considerable city realty. 
 
 Although Mr. Harper is postmaster, he is by no 
 means a non-combatant in politics, to sit secure in his 
 position while the other fellow endures the heat and 
 burden of the fray. He loves the game of politics 
 and plays it with a zest that is inspiring. He works 
 hard and openly for the good of the Republican party, 
 to which he is proud to own allegiance. That means 
 more in Anaconda than it does in some other portions 
 of the United States. An incident worthy of mention 
 in this connection was in the fall of 1896. The city of 
 Anaconda could boast of only seventeen men who 
 openly favored the election of William McKinley, Mr. 
 Harper being one of that number. He wag chairman 
 of the city central committee, and they worked hard 
 for the Republican candidate, with the result that out 
 of a population of 10,000, Mr. McKinley received fifty- 
 two votes. Mr. Harper was always a staunch friend 
 and admirer of Colonel Wilbur F. Sanders. 
 
 His first political office was that of city treasurer. He 
 served two years, and in the fall of 1904 was elected 
 state senator, and served one term (four years). On 
 the first of May, 1910, he was appointed postmaster. 
 At the expiration of his present term as member of the 
 school board he will have served ten years on that body. 
 Mr. Harper had the distinction of opening the first 
 postal savings bank in the state of Montana, which was 
 on January 3, 1911, and is proud of the fact that it 
 caught the fancy of the people of his home city and has 
 proven very successful. 
 
 Althou.gh prosperous now, he has mastered difficulties 
 that would have broken the spirit of many a man. He 
 is genial at all times, a good mixer, happy and cheer- 
 
 ful by nature and the soul of integrity. His friends 
 trust him implicitly and he has never abused a confi- 
 dence. When personal popularity is considered Mr. 
 Flarper is an assured leader. He is a Mason a member 
 of the Royal Arch, belongs to the Odd Fellows, Elks, 
 Scottish Clans, Eagles, and is a social member of the 
 Modern Woodmen of America. 
 
 He married Miss Etta S. Crawford on April 21, 
 1886. His wife was a daughter of John Crawford, of 
 Ohio, who was one of the Iowa pioneers. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Harper have been blessed with five children, of 
 whom four are living. They are; Minnie Fern Harper, 
 now Mrs. R. E. McCormick, of The Dalles, Oregon; 
 Bessie V. Harper, who is a graduate of the high school 
 and of business college; William Edward Harper, who 
 is a rancher in the Big Hole country ; Howard and 
 Harry, who were twins. Harry died in Anaconda in 
 
 1895- 
 
 Alexander Harper, the father of the subject of this 
 sketch, was a native of Pennsylvania, and went to 
 Indiana as a boy of eight. He followed farming and 
 moved to Iowa in 1854. Mr. Harper was one of the 
 patriots in the Civil war days, and enlisted as a private 
 in the Eighth Iowa on August 15, 1861. He returned 
 home in 1865 as captain of his company. He fought 
 in the battles of his regiment and was with Sherman 
 in his march to the sea. He was mustered out of ser- 
 vice at Mobile, Alabama, after serving four years and six 
 months. He died in February, 1901. His wife was 
 Anna Spiers. Their family consisted of five sons; 
 Alexander P., Robert Spiers and Charles Stewart, all 
 of whom live at Vinton, Iowa, the first named having 
 a transfer business and the others being engaged in 
 farming. William Wilson, the subject of this review, 
 is the fourth child and James Edward, who is als6 farm- 
 ing at Vinton, Iowa, is the youngest child. 
 
 Edgar Campbell. For thirty years identified with 
 the business interests of Miles City, Edgar Campbell 
 is well known to the residents of this city, where he 
 has established a well-merited reputation for integ- 
 rity and honorable dealing. He is now at the head of 
 the furniture and undertaking establishment of A. T. 
 Campbell & Company, with a large and up-to-date es- 
 tablishment at No. 717 Main street, and during his long 
 and useful career has assisted materially in advancing 
 and developing the city’s manifold interests. Mr. Camp- 
 bell was born at Friendsville, Susquehanna county, 
 Pennsylvania, February 25, 1851, and is a son of Charles 
 and Betsy (Dodge) Campbell. 
 
 Charles Campbell, who was a native of Susquehanna 
 county, was engaged in a general merchandise busi- 
 ness at Friendsville until 1856, in which year he re- 
 moved to Albany, Green county, Wisconsin. There 
 he followed the same line for a time and subsequently 
 continued the business at Monroe, Green county, but 
 in 1867 returned east and located in Elmira, Chemung 
 county. New York. He conducted a tannery at that 
 place until 1882, when he went to Chicago, Illinois, 
 and was there engaged in the wool business until fail- 
 ing health caused his retirement, at which time he 
 again went to Albany, Wisconsin, where his death 
 occurred in his seventieth year. In early life he was 
 a Whig and later became a Republican, but never cared 
 to enter the field of politics. His wife, who was a na- 
 tive of Green county. New York, passed away in her 
 sixty-eighth year, having been the mother of two sons : 
 Alfred T., of New York City, for the past fourteen 
 years a state bank examiner, and at this time chief bank- 
 pin county and Moorhead, Minnesota, and in April, 
 examiner for the state of New York; and Edgar. 
 
 Edgar Campbell was five years old when he accom- 
 panied his parents to Green county, Wisconsin, and he 
 received his education in the public schools of Monroe, 
 Wisconsin, and Elmira, New York. His advent in the 
 world of business was as a partner of his father-in- 
 
frxULA^ 
 
■ I. • 
 
 
 • •>- 
 
 
 ~ -i. .. 
 
 
 ■S- 
 
PIISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1203 
 
 law, William A. Atkinson, in the coal business in El- 
 mira, New York, where he continued until 1882, in 
 that year coming to Miles City. Arriving in this city 
 September g, he joined his brother, Alfred T., in form- 
 ing the firm of Alfred T. Campbell & Company, al- 
 though his brother had been engaged in business some 
 time prior to this. When Alfred T. Campbell returned 
 to the east, Edgar took over his interest, and has con- 
 tinued to conduct the establishment under the old firm 
 style. The large stock of furniture carried by this 
 house is modern in every respect, Mr. Campbell’s long 
 experience in the business having made him familiar 
 with the demands of his customers, and the under- 
 taking establishment is equipped with every ^ modern 
 appliance for embalming and funeral directing. In 
 political matters iMr. Campbell is a Republican, and 
 has served as alderman of the First ward, but is not a 
 politician nor an office seeker. 
 
 On December 18, 1879, kir. Campbell was married 
 to Miss Alice Atkinson, who was born in Syracuse, 
 New York, daughter of William A. and' Caroline 
 (Webster) Atkinson, natives of iNIaine, both of whom 
 are deceased. Mr. Atkinson was a farmer and mer- 
 chant of Belfast, Maine, and served as provost mar- 
 shal during the war of the Rebellion. Subsequently 
 he removed to Elmira, New York, where he engaged 
 in the coal business for fourteen or fifteen years, and 
 then went to Albany, New York, and later to Oakland, 
 California. He finally settled in St. Paul Minnesota, 
 where his death occurred, and shortly thereafter his 
 widow came to Miles Citv, where she spent the re- 
 mainder of her days at the home of Mr. and iMrs. 
 Campbell. Two children were born to Edgar and 
 Alice Campbell, William Donald and Charles, but the 
 latter died in infanc}'. Donald Campbell is a graduate 
 of the law department of the University of Alichigan, 
 class of 1905, and is now associated with Judge C. H. 
 Loud and Sterling M. Wood at jMiles City, the firm 
 style being Loud, Campbell & Wood. He married Miss 
 Winifred Wilson, the daughter of John Aracher and 
 Uila Plat Wilson of Fredonia, New York, and resides 
 in Miles City. 
 
 B. Fr.'^nk Yerkes has been a resident of the state 
 of Montana since 1882, and since that time he has been 
 identified with the newspaper business in various ca- 
 pacities, but for the most part as editor and publisher. 
 Up to the year 1904, Mr. Yerkes was connected with 
 numerous newspaper enterprises in the eastern section 
 of the state, but in that year he returned to Twin 
 Bridges and bought out The Monitor, which in pre- 
 vious years he had owned and disposed of, and since 
 1904 he has confined his energies and attention to the 
 publication of The Monitor in this city. 
 
 Mr. Yerkes was born in Bordentown, New Jersey, 
 on May 19, 1862. He is the son of Andrew J. and 
 Susan P. (Kelse}-) Yerkes, both of whom were natives 
 of Pennsylvania, and there were reared and married, 
 soon after which they removed to Pennsylvania, where 
 Mr. Yerkes was employed at his trade, that of a 
 carriage maker and blacksmith. He was a very de- 
 vout Christian gentleman and was a member of the 
 Baptist church. He was prominent as an Odd Fellow, 
 of which order he was a lifelong member. He died in 
 1864, while he was still a very young man. The wife 
 and mother survived her husband many years, and 
 passed away in Red Lodge, Montana, in 1897, when she 
 had reached the age of sixty-seven years. They were 
 the parents of four children, B. Frank being the third 
 born and the youngest son. Two others of the four 
 are yet living ; Abel K. and Lillian, both of whom 
 reside in Seattle. 
 
 The early education of iMr. Yerkes was obtained in 
 the public schools of New Jersey, in Bordentown, 
 which place represented the family home until he had 
 reached the age of about seventeen. When he reached 
 
 Toi, n— js 
 
 that age he went to Hatboro, Pennsylvania, and it was 
 in that place that he learned the printer^ trade. He 
 was, by his own wish, apprenticed to a tmee year term 
 of service in a print shop of that place, and he learned 
 the trade in all its details, a training which has proved 
 most valuable to him in these later years. In 1882 
 Mr. Yerkes came to Montana, and he has been a con- 
 tinuous resident of the state since that year. He first 
 located at Coulson, in which place he remained but a 
 short time, removing to Billings, where his brother, 
 who then had a paper at Coulson, and himself estab- 
 lished the first newspaper in Billings, which was then 
 in a most primitive state of organization and develop- 
 ment. They remained there but a short time, selling 
 out and locating in Bozeman, in which place Mr. 
 Yerkes of this review continued to be engaged in news- 
 paper work for a period of about ten j-ears. He was 
 connected solely with newspaper work during the first 
 years of his stay in Bozeman, but later he engaged in 
 the ranch business. His next venture took him to 
 Pony, where he established a paper called the Madison 
 County Monitor, and he ran the paper until Jub^ 1893, 
 then moving the plant to Twin Bridges. For two years 
 he remained in this place, then sold out and returned 
 to Bozeman and worked on one of the local papers for 
 several months, which experience was followed by his 
 removal to Carbon county, where he secured control 
 of another paper, which he operated for a few months 
 and disposed of it, going to Red Lodge, where he took 
 charge of the Carbon County Chronicle. He managed 
 the paper for a year, after which he returned to Twin 
 Bridges and purchased the plant of The Monitor, which 
 he had been the owner of some two years previous. 
 His purchase of The Monitor plant took place in De- 
 cember, 1904, and he has retained the active control 
 and management of the paper since that time. 
 
 Mr. Yerkes is a member of the Masonic fraternity, 
 affiliating with the blue lodge and chapter, in both of 
 which lodges he has held offices. He is also a member 
 of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He is a 
 stanch Republican, and has always taken an active and 
 effective interest in politics, and is an acknowledged 
 power in local party affairs. He is president of the 
 council, and is secretary of the iMadison County Pub- 
 licity Club and secretary of the Commercial Club of 
 Twin Bridges. He has held a similar position on the 
 local school board since 1907. iMr. Yerkes is enthu- 
 siastic in his predictions for the future of the town 
 and the state, and is one of the most aggressive 
 "boosters” of Twin Bridges to be found in the com- 
 munity, possessing qualities of progressiveness and 
 initiative that cannot fail to be of inestimable value to 
 the town, or to any town in which he finds himself. 
 
 _ On June 27, 1^5, iMr. Yerkes was united in mar- 
 riage at Twin Bridges with Miss Grace M. Baker, the 
 daughter of Palmer W. and Elizabeth Baker, of Page- 
 ville, iMontana. 
 
 Amos C. Hall. A prominent banker and the pop- 
 ular and efficient incumbent of the office of mayor of 
 Virginia City, Amos C. Hall is a citizen of influence 
 in both business _ and political circles in this place, 
 where he has resided during practically his entire life 
 time thus far. He is descended from a fine old New 
 England family and his father, the late Amos C. Hall, 
 Sr., was born in Lamoille county, Vermont, December 
 10, 1836. The latter was a son of Jesse and Rebecca 
 Hall, prominent farmers in the Green ^Mountain state, 
 where he was reared and educated. iMr. Hall, Sr., 
 went west in 1856 and settled in Janesville. Wisconsin, 
 where he took up a tract of government land and en- 
 gaged in farming. He was a vigorous opponent of 
 slavery during the Civil war period and in 1858. while 
 a resident of Kansas, he and his brother Austin W., 
 with nine other men, were fired upon by border ruffians 
 and left for dead. Five out of the eleven anti-slavery 
 
1204 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 men, who were fired upon, recovered from their 
 wounds and among that number were Mr. Hall and 
 his brother. This affair is known in history as the 
 Marias des Cygnes Massacre. Shortly after that oc- 
 currence Mr. i-lall returned to Vermont, where he re- 
 mained until the following spring, when he was again 
 in Kansas, whence he started for Pike’s Peak by the 
 old Santa Fe trail. The party of which he was a mem- 
 ber met with so many discouraging reports from re- 
 turning prospectors in regard to the Pike’s Peak 
 country that they returned to Junction City, Kansas. 
 In i860 Mr. Hall made the overland trip to Denver, 
 where he remained until May, 1863, when he came to 
 the mining regions of Montana, here winning a fair 
 amount of success as a miner. In 1866 he installed 
 the first bed-rock flume ever built in this state. In 
 October, 1879, he engaged with Mr. A. J. Bennett in 
 the banking business and established a private bank 
 in Virginia City, this being one of the substantial 
 financial institutions of this place at the present time, 
 in 1912, and known as the Madison State Bank. He 
 was a very charitable man and always took an active 
 part in the maintenance of law and order. He was 
 very popular amongst his fellow citizens, stood high 
 socially, and was never known to have an enemy. He 
 was summoned to the life eternal on February 27, 1893, 
 at the age of fifty-seven years, and is buried in Virginia 
 City. Here was solemnized his marriage to Miss Anna 
 P. Griffith, who was born in Athens, Ohio, and who is 
 now a resident of New York City. Of the six chil- 
 dren born to Mr. and Mrs. Hall three are living, in 
 1912, namely : Amos C., whose name forms the caption 
 for this review ; Frank C., a graduate of the Uni- 
 versity of Columbia, is engaged in the importing busi- 
 ness in New York City; and Harry E., likewise a 
 graduate of the University of Columbia, is a mining 
 engineer in Virginia City. 
 
 Amos C. Hall was born in Virginia City, Montana, 
 February 21, 1882, and his early educational training 
 consisted of such advantages as were offered in the 
 public schools of this place. Later he attended public 
 and private schools in Des Moines, Iowa, for five 
 years, at the end of which he went to Philadelphia, 
 where he took a four year preparatory course j>rior 
 to entering college. His collegiate course was inter- 
 fered with, however, by the illness of his older brother 
 and he was obliged to return home, in 1900, and enter 
 the banking business which was begun by his father 
 and a Mr. Bennett some thirty years earlier. He has 
 been incumbent of the office of cashier in the Madison 
 State Bank in Virginia City since 1900 and is likewise 
 vice-president of the bank of Twin Bridges. In addi- 
 tion to his other interests he is manager of the vast 
 A. C. Hall, Sr., estate. In politics he is a stalwart 
 supporter of the principles and policies promulgated 
 by the Republican party, in the local councils of which 
 he has long been an active factor. In 1909 he was hon- 
 ored by his fellow citizens with election to the office 
 of mayor of Virginia City and he is now filling his 
 third term as mayor. He has also served with honor 
 and distinction on the school board and is a generous 
 contributor to all matters projected for the good of the 
 general welfare. 
 
 _ While he is not formally connected with any reli- 
 gious organization, Mr. Hall has implicit faith in the 
 good accomplished by all churches and contributes 
 liberally to their maintenance and support. Fie is a 
 member of the^ Elks, in which he is past e.xalted ruler, 
 and he is affiliated with a number of other fraternal 
 orders of a local character. In lauding Montana he 
 says: “Montana is the coming state of the Union, 
 
 with double the onnortunities of any other undeveloped 
 state. Her future, in my opinion, is excellent.’’ 
 
 In Greenleaf, Kansas, June 25, 1907, was solemnized 
 the marriage of Mr. Hall to Miss Myrtle Lauffer a 
 daughter of Albert C. and Caroline FI. Lauffer, promi- 
 
 nent residents of Greenleaf. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have 
 two children, Amos C. (HI) and Morgan L. 
 
 Andrew John Gilsdoef. The late Andrew John 
 Gilsdorf, a prominent business man of Billings, Mon- 
 tana, where he had made his home continuously since 
 1882, was all his active life identified with the meat 
 business, in which he was more than ordinarily suc- 
 cessful, being one of the financially substantial men 
 in the city at the time of his passing away, on the 
 22nd of September, 1911. 
 
 Mr. Gilsdorf was born in Wabasha county, Minne- 
 sota, on March 2, 1859, and was the son of Andrew 
 and Mary Gilsdorf, people of German descent. Until 
 he was seventeen years of age the subject lived in the 
 village of Wabasha, attending school there, and after 
 that period in his life he was employed in various 
 parts of the states of Wisconsin and Minnesota, always 
 in the meat market and butchering business. For thir- 
 teen years he attended conscientiously to the work, 
 learning the business in its every detail, and when he 
 came to Billings, Montana, in 1882, he was in every 
 way qualified to establish a business of his own. 
 Though his capital was small, his working knowledge 
 was great, and he conducted his affairs in a manner 
 conducive to the best success in the business. So 
 steadily did he progress with his work that at the time 
 of death he was the owner and proprietor of one of 
 the finest meat markets in the entire state, and the 
 owner of a splendid brick block on Minnesota avenue, 
 Billings, as well. This building he erected in 1893, 
 and it is a two story double pressed brick affair, thor- 
 oughly complete in every detail of workmanship and 
 construction, and as fine a building as may be found 
 in the state. In this building he conducted his meat 
 market up to the time of his death. 
 
 In later years, when Mr. Gilsdorf began to prosper, 
 he gave some attention to the buying and selling of 
 ranches, but he never gave his time to the operating 
 of any of them, nor did he permit his dealing in them 
 to interfere in any way with his manifest loyalty to 
 the meat business. He was a man whose inherent 
 honesty and splendid character won him staunch 
 friends wherever he was known, and in Billings his 
 circle of friends was comprehensive and far-reaching. 
 He was a Democrat, but not an office holder at any 
 time in his life. His fraternal relations were repre- 
 sented by his membership in the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows, and he was a loyal member of the 
 Roman Catholic church, his family were Episcopalians. 
 In 1885 Mr. Gilsdorf married Miss Olavea Olson, a 
 daughter of Evan and Racheal (Halverson) Olson, 
 both native born citizens of Norway, whence they 
 came to America in their early life. They settled in 
 Minnesota, there passing the remainder of their days, 
 and in 1883 their daughter came to Billings, two years- 
 later marrying Mr. Gilsdorf. Four children were born 
 to these worthy parents'; Charles E., who died in in- 
 fancy; Della May, now a resident of Billings; Jossie 
 L., who also died in infancy; and Edna F., living in 
 Billings. 
 
 Mrs. Gilsdorf is a woman of most admirable char- 
 acter, who is loved and esteemed by all who come with- 
 in the circle of her acquaintance. She moves in the 
 best social circles of the city and takes a prominent 
 part in the activities therein in a social way. 
 
 William Louis Allard. Having been identified with 
 the ranching interests of Montana for a period covering 
 thirty years, William Louis Allard, the owner of 960 
 acres of finely cultivated property situated three miles, 
 from Laurel, may lay claim to the title of “old-timer,” 
 and holds a prominent place among the men who have 
 been active in the development of the Yellowstone val- 
 ley. Mr. Allard was born March 31, 1852, in Colchester 
 township, Chittenden county, Vermont, and is a son of 
 Peter and Sophia (LaPierre) Allard, 
 

 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1205 
 
 Peter Allard was born on the banks of the St. Law- 
 rence river in Canada, in 1813, and was still a youth 
 when his family removed to Vermont. In young man- 
 hood he learned the trade of miller, an occupation which 
 he followed for forty-five years with one firm in Ver- 
 mont, and in 1869 he removed to Wisconsin and settled 
 in Fond du Lac county, where he was engaged in farm- 
 ing up to the time of his death, in 1877. Politically a 
 Whig, in 1855 he transferred his allegiance to the Re- 
 publican party, but never sought public office, although 
 he served several years as a member of the school 
 board. He was a faithful member of the Roman Cath- 
 olic church. He married Sophia LaPierre, who was also 
 born in Canada in 1813, and who was a baby when taken 
 to Burlington, Vermont, by her parents. She died in 
 1895, having been the mother of eight children, of 
 whom six are living, as follows : Sophia, the wife of 
 Hamilton Detro, living in Omaha, Nebraska; Louis; 
 Joseph, living in Fond du Lac Wisconsin; William 
 Louis ; Edward Napoleon, a well-known physician of 
 Fond du Lac; and Virginia, the wife of John Wilbert, 
 of that city. 
 
 William Louis Allard attended school until he was 
 fourteen years of age, at which time he left the narental 
 roof and with his brother Joseph removed to Fond du 
 Lac county, Wisconsin, where he was engaged in farm- 
 ing until the spring of 1882. At that time he took the 
 train as far as Rosebud, Montana, and then went over- 
 land by wagon to old Coulson where he found em- 
 ployment with the Northern Pacific Railroad, at grad- 
 ing. A short time later, however, he engaged with the 
 McAdow ranch, with which he remained during the 
 summer of 1882. During the frightfully cold and stormy 
 winter of 1882, Mr. Allard was connected with a saw- 
 mill outfit in Valley creek, and he has not yet been 
 remunerated for his services, although the hardships 
 suffered during that long winter of deep snows were 
 the worst he had experienced since coming to the state. 
 In the summer of 1883 he was employed on the ranch 
 of Orson Newman, near the citv of Billings, and in the 
 following winter worked at lumbering in the Bull 
 Mountains for the Northern Pacific Railroad, and sub- 
 sequently returned to Wisconsin to pay his parents a 
 visit. In March, 1884, he returned to Montana and 
 located at Park City where he engaged in herding sheep 
 for R. J. Martin, but in 1884 decided to embark in 
 business on his own account and located on a homestead 
 three miles from the present site of Laurel, in the Yel- 
 lowstone valley. He began at once to cultivate his 
 tract of 160 acres, and in the fall of 1886 went back to 
 Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and was there married Novem- 
 ber 25th of that year. Returning to his homestead, he 
 was for about twelve years engaged in the sheep busi- 
 ness, and the original tract was added to from time to 
 time until there were 960 acres in the property. Of 
 these 500 acres are now in an irrigated condition, and 
 are devoted to wheat, oats, alfalfa and sugar beets. 
 He has made a specialty of raising high-grade horses, 
 and now owns twenty-nine head of superior breed, in- 
 cluding a full-blooded Norman stallion. One of the 
 organizers of the Laurel State Bank and of the Laurel 
 Realty Company, Mr. Allard has served as vice-presi- 
 dent of the former and treasurer of the latter from the 
 time of their inception. Politically he is a Democrat, 
 and has served as school trustee for two terms. As 
 one of the leading promoters of the cove ditch, he served 
 as a trustee for five years, an office which he resigned, 
 and he has for fifteen years been a trustee of the Big 
 Ditch, of which he is at present treasurer. He and his 
 family attend the Roman Catholic church. Mr. Allard 
 has at all times retained the confidence and esteem of 
 his fellowmen, and in whatever capacity he has been 
 before the public he has shown himself a man of much 
 ability. In all departments of his ranching enterprise 
 are given unmistakable evidence of his careful atten- 
 tion to the details which make for success, and as a 
 
 natural consequence he is regarded as one of the repre- 
 sentative operators in his line in the valley. 
 
 Mr. Allard was united in marriage, November 25, 
 1886, at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, with Miss Augusta 
 Simonin, who was born near Belfort, Hautrhin, France, 
 daughter of Lawrence and Theresa (Stinleur) Simonin, 
 natives of that place, the former of whom died when 
 forty-nine years old, and the latter at the age of 
 seventy-five. They had five children, of whom four 
 are living: Joseph, of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin; Charles, 
 also a resident of that city; Julia, the wife of L, 
 Prefoutain, of Fond du Lac; and Augusta. Mr, 
 Simonin came to the United States in i860, Mrs, 
 Allard at that time being one year old, and from New 
 York City made his way west to Chilton, Wisconsin, 
 where he was engaged in farming for some years. Sub- 
 sequently he moved to Muscatine, Iowa, where he spent 
 his last years, and after his death his widow returned 
 to Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, and there lived 
 during her declining years with her children. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Allard have had six children, of whom 
 three are living: Louis, a graduate of the University 
 of Wisconsin, class of 1908, B. A., and of Rush Medical 
 College, Chicago, class of 1911, M. D., and was engaged 
 with St. Mary’s Hospital, Milwaukee; Peter G., now 
 attending the Montana Agricultural College, Bozeman; 
 and Marie, attending St. Vincent’s College, Helena. 
 Peter G. Allard is possessed of literary attainments 
 beyond the ordinary, possessing a breezy western style 
 that makes his poems and prose favorites with those 
 who have had the opportunity of examining them. One 
 of his efforts, “The Passing of the Range,’’ is herewith 
 given : 
 
 “Farewell old range, you are no more; 
 
 You’re quickly going to the binder's roar ; 
 
 Your virgin soil pierced by the share 
 Will be returned each following year; 
 
 Your sunny slopes with grass once dented 
 Will be fields of grain early planted ; 
 
 Where the Indian and buffalo used to roam 
 Will be some dry-land farmer’s home. 
 
 “Where the prairie dog and badger 
 Used to sit and eat with leisure. 
 
 Where the eagle in his aerie soar 
 Swooped down upon his morning gore. 
 
 The wolf, coyote, antelope and hen. 
 
 All hid away from the haunts of men. 
 
 Talked to only by thunder and rain 
 Will be some dry-land farmer’s claim. 
 
 “The spring, the creek and water-hole, 
 
 Where the steers would drink and roll. 
 
 And the green grass in low ravines 
 Leading down to the mountain streams. 
 
 Shaded by the cottonwood and pine tree, 
 
 The home of porcupine and honey bee; 
 
 Where the rattlesnake dreamed in coil. 
 
 Will be some dry-land farmer’s spoil. 
 
 “Where great herds of sheep and cattle 
 O’er the range once used to battle. 
 
 And the sun-tanned puncher with his brand 
 Following the herds to increase his band ; 
 
 The mess-wagon with grub not up in courses. 
 Following the string of round-up horses. 
 
 The old stage-coach and the rocky road. 
 
 Will be some dry-land farmer’s abode. 
 
 “Where nature once was wild and free. 
 
 An old forty-five was a western key ; 
 
 Where the old prospector picked his gold 
 And dreamed of luck when he was old ; 
 
1206 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Where the old freighter in his rough way 
 Skinned along some fifty miles a day, 
 
 Where patches of sage covered the ground 
 Will be some dry-land farmer’s town. 
 
 “All these good oUl western scenes 
 Will be shown on leather screens; 
 
 All the bad men of the early day 
 Will be told in a fable way. 
 
 All these things are flying fast, 
 
 A few more years will be the last ; 
 
 Then there'll be no more range laws, 
 
 ’Twill be the dry-land farmer’s cause.” 
 
 Henry W. Strincfellow. One of the largest mer- 
 cantile enterprises of Montana is the Havre Com- 
 mercial Company, a department store with a reputation 
 and trade solidly built up throughout most of the 
 northern part of the state. The business is conducted 
 in a modern two-story building containing 25,000 square 
 feet of floor space. 
 
 The energy and ability of H. W. Stringfellow have 
 been largely responsible for the success of this enter- 
 prise. This progressive merchant has been identified 
 with Montana for about thirty years, having begun his 
 career in that state, and by the force of his own char- 
 acter and accomplishment has risen to a foremost place 
 among its business men. 
 
 A Virginian by birth, he was born at Culpeper, May 
 29, 1864, a son of M. S. and Nellie (Madison) String- 
 fellow. both of whom were natives of the Old Domin- 
 ion. The father, who was a prosperous farmer and 
 planter, took up arms in the southern cause, was dis- 
 tinguished with the rank of captain, as such served 
 under General Jackson, and was through the entire 
 war, participating in many of its well known battles 
 and campaigns. He spent the remainder of his life 
 in his home state, where he died in 1909 at the age 
 of seventy-four. The mother, who is still living at 
 the age of seventy-two with her daughter in Weiser, 
 Idaho, was a member of the old southern family of 
 Willis. 
 
 H. W. Stringfellow was reared and educated in his 
 native state, where he attended the public schools and 
 then a private academy. When he was eighteen years 
 old he determined that his career should be worked 
 out in the far northwest, and he then came to Mon- 
 tana and engaged in ranching for several years. Sell- 
 ing out he then entered the employ of John J. Athey, 
 of Sun River, where he remained for the next six 
 years. After a not unprofitable experience on the ranch 
 and in the store, Mr. Stringfellow located at Havre 
 in 1892 and established a drug business in what was 
 then almost a frontier village of northern Montana. 
 His business was very prosperous for ten years until 
 the destructive fire which swept away a large portion 
 of the Havre business district, including his own es- 
 tablishment. With the readjustment of affairs and the 
 gradual reconstruction, Mr. Stringfellow replaced his 
 former business with a general merchandise store, which 
 has since been developed into the very extensive and 
 prosperous mercantile concern which in 1897 was in- 
 corporated as the Havre Commercial Company.^ Of this, 
 Mr. Stringfellow is president, W. C. Lange, vice presi- 
 dent, and William Kendig, secretary. 
 
 A successful business man, Mr. Stringfellow has also 
 taken an active part in civic affairs for many years. 
 On the incorporation of the city of Havre he served 
 two terms as alderman. He is Democratic in poli- 
 tics, is affiliated with the Masons and Elks fraternities 
 at Havre, and is a member of the Episcopal church. 
 For outdoor diversions he takes a keen interest in 
 hunting and fishing. He owns a beautiful home in 
 Havre, and in every way is considered a citizen who 
 has won and properly deserved prosperity and esteem. 
 
 Mr. Stringfellow was married at Sun River, Mon- 
 
 tana, in October, 1894, to Miss Lou Peeke. She is a 
 daughter of George and Almira Peeke, well-known 
 citizens of Three Rivers, Michigan. Mr. and Airs. 
 Stringfellow have one child, Virginia, who was born 
 July 13, 1896, and is now attending school at Chatham, 
 Virginia, thus acquiring her education in her father's 
 native state. 
 
 Hon. Alpheus Decker, for the past thirty years iden- 
 tified with the ranch life of Beaverhead county and 
 one of the founders of the town of Armstead, Alontana, 
 is a native son of Alichigan, born in Coldwater on the 
 3d of March, 1846. He is the son of David and Lucy 
 (Rossman) Decker, both native New Yorkers, who 
 came to Michigan as early as 1836, being Alichigan 
 pioneers in the best sense of the term. They died at a 
 ripe age, the father at the age of sixty-nine years and 
 the mother at eighty-seven. They were the parents of 
 a family of seven, of which the subject was the third 
 born and the eldest son. 
 
 Colonel Decker, as he is familiarly called in Mon- 
 tana, was educated in the common schools of his native 
 state, so far as his actual schooling went. It is a fact, 
 however, that the best knowledge he possesses is that 
 which came to him in the school of experience, which 
 has trained so many of our western men in the way of 
 life. As a young man he gave his attention to farm- 
 ing in the vicinity of his home in Alichigan until 1874, 
 when he went to Illinois, later moving to Kansas, and 
 in both of those states he was devoted to agricultural 
 life. Following the death of his wife in 1880, Colonel 
 Decker went to Iowa, where he spent a year, and in 
 the spring of 1882 came to Alontana. For two years 
 he lived in Dillon, then came to what is now Arm- 
 stead, and here he and his partner, J. W. Scott, who 
 was a brother of his deceased wife, purchased a ranch, 
 on a part of which the town of Armstead was later 
 built. The ranch proper comprises something like 
 one thousand acres, and is devoted to general farming 
 and stock raising. For thirty years these men have 
 centered their interest in this place, continuing through 
 all the years as partners. 
 
 Air. Decker is a staunch Republican and has done 
 his full share towards promoting the interests of the 
 party in this section of the country. He was the repre- 
 sentative of Beaverhead county in the state legislature 
 from 1904 to 1908, and has done good work for his 
 district in that connection. He has implicit faith in the 
 future of Alontana, that faith being based upon thirty 
 years of actual contact with the great Treasure state. 
 
 In 1872 Air. Decker was married to Miss Elizabeth 
 Scott, a daughter of Air. and Mrs. James Scott. She 
 was Ijorn in 1852, in Wisconsin, and died in Stafford, 
 Kansas, in the year 1880. She left one daughter, Edith, 
 who was born in Indiana and educated in Michigan. 
 She came to Montana in her early girlhood, and later 
 married Roy Herndon, and they make their home at 
 Salmon city, Idaho. They have one daughter, Jane 
 Herndon. Mr. Herndon is prominent in the political 
 life of his state, and on November 5, 1912, was elected 
 to the house of representatives in the Idaho legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 Charles S. Hefferlin. Connected as he is with 
 some of the largest business enterprises of the city, 
 Charles S. Hefferlin holds prestige among the lead- 
 ing men of Livingston, Montana, which city he has 
 assisted greatly in developing by his public spirit and 
 industrious activity. Born February 5, 1856, in Leaven- 
 worth county, Kansas, he is the third of the six sons 
 of Martin and Louise Ann (Humphrey) Hefferlin, 
 who also were the parents of one daughter. Alartin 
 Hefferlin was born in Loraine, France, now Germany, 
 and on his immigration to the United States settled in 
 St. Louis, Alissouri, but subsequently removed to Wes- 
 ton, Alissouri, and thence to Wyandotte, Kansas, prac- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1207 
 
 tically a suburb of Kansas City, where he spent the 
 remainder of his days in merchandising. His wife 
 passed away in Livingston, Montana, in March, 1901, 
 having followed her son to this city with the rest of 
 her children. 
 
 Charles S. Hefferlin received a public school educa- 
 tion, and graduated from the Wyandotte high school 
 in 1872. For the next three years he was the incum- 
 bent of a responsible position in the local postofihce. 
 then becoming chief clerk in the Wyandotte office of 
 the Kansas Pacific Railroad. He was subsequently 
 promoted to a position at Ellis, Kansas, where _ he 
 continued three years, and then acted in a similar 
 capacity in Denver, Colorado, for about that length 
 of time, the faithful and efficient discharge of his duties 
 having warranted these advancements. Transferring 
 his services to the Northern Pacific Railroad, he be- 
 came cashier of the road at Billings, Montana, in 1882, 
 and was later agent at Custer. His advent in Livings- 
 ton occurred in 1883, when he came to this city as 
 agent, and during the five years thus employed, he 
 familiarized himself with realty values and railroad 
 facilities and became confident that the city had a great 
 future before it. It was about this time that he began 
 the extensive building operations that have made him 
 one of the most successful business men in Livingston. 
 In 1884 he erected the Hefferlin block, and in 1888 
 opened the Merchants' Bank, this being followed, in 
 1892, by the erection of the Hefferlin Opera House and 
 bank building, in which modern structure the Mer- 
 chants' Bank has operated since that time. In 1898 he 
 built and equipped the Livingston flour mills, fitted 
 with the most modern appliances and contributing . in 
 marked degree to the industrial activities of Livingston, 
 and he has also erected no fewer than twenty store 
 buildings on Main street. In 1908 he was one of the 
 organizers, and was elected president, of the Electric 
 Hot Springs Company, which during that year erected 
 Corwin Hot Springs Hotel. Corwin Hot Springs, 
 being located on the Northern Pacific Railway, makes 
 it easy of access and as it is on the border of Yellow- 
 stone Park it is surrounded with magnificent scenery. 
 It is one of the finest and most popular health resorts 
 in the Northwest, the beautiful surroundings, the nat- 
 ural hot springs, the grounds and the buildings, with 
 large swimming pool, private plunges, and spray, 
 needle and shower baths, all supplied by a constant 
 flow from the medicinal hot springs, combining to fur- 
 nish . every inducement to the weary health seeker. 
 IMr. Hefferlin has rendered the city of his adoption 
 incalculable service, not only as the promoter of enter- 
 prises which have strengthened its industrial and com- 
 mercial prestige, but in positions of public trust and 
 responsibility, in which he has proven himself an able 
 and conscientious official. A Republican in politics, he 
 served for four years as a member of the city council, 
 was a member of the board of education for eight 
 years, and was sent to represent his district in the 
 eighth general assembly. 
 
 On October 13, 1887, Mr. Hefferlin was united in 
 marriage with IMiss Florence M. Holliday, who was 
 born in Winterset, Iowa, daughter of Samuel L. Holli- 
 day. Two children have been born to this union: 
 Charles Holliday, a student of the University of Chi- 
 cago, in his senior year ; and iMarie, who lives at home 
 with her parents. 
 
 John Gibb. Every civilized nation in the world 
 has contributed to "the citizenship of Montana, and 
 the Treasure state may not inaptly be cornpared to 
 the melting pot, the crucible wherein the various char- 
 acteristics of the many races are blended and solidified, 
 causing the stronger and more durable traits to pre- 
 dominate over those of a weaker nature. From the 
 land of Robert Burns has come much that is desir- 
 able in the make-up of a new state, for the proverbial 
 
 thrift, honesty and industry of the sons of Scotia make 
 them good citizens, willing and capable to handle the 
 many perplexing questions and conditions that arise 
 in the making of a commonwealth, and IMontana has 
 been fortunate in that it has numbered among some 
 of its most representative men those that claim Scot- 
 land as their birthplace. Among this class may be 
 mentioned John Gibb, of Miles City, who for more 
 than a quarter of a century has been prominently identi- 
 fied with the business and public interests of Custer 
 county, and has so conducted his life as to gain the full 
 esteem and confidence of the people of his community. 
 Mr. Gibb was born at Lanarkshire, Scotland, Octo- 
 ber 29, 1843. and is a son of John and Janet (Steven- 
 son) Gibb, the former born at Boness, Fifeshire, Scot- 
 land, November 7, 1812, and died in 1901, while the 
 latter, also a native of Scotland, died when seventy- 
 eight years of age. They had a family of eight chil- 
 dren, of whom four are living: Rachel, the widow of 
 John Kirkwood; John; Thomas, who resides at Miles 
 City ; and Margaret, the widow of Robert Knight, 
 living in Pittsburg, Kansas. The father of these chil- 
 dren, who was a miner all of his life, came to the United 
 States in 1848, and located at Lonaconing, Allegany 
 county, ^Maryland, where he resided until 1861. In 
 that year he moved to Kewanee, Illinois, but after 
 residing there for about a year went to Fairbury, Illi- 
 nois, and in 1882 went to Pittsburg, Kansas, where 
 he spent the remainder of his life. For many years 
 he was a member of the I. O. 0 . F., and had numerous 
 friends in that fraternal organization. 
 
 John Gibb was about six years of age when he ac- 
 companied his parents to the United States, and his 
 education was secured in the public schools of iMary- 
 land. As a youth he secured employment in the mines 
 as a mule driver and later he had an interest in sell- 
 ing coal in Kansas. He came to Miles City in 1882 
 and shortly thereafter settled on a nearby ranch, but 
 subsequenth' engaged in coal mining on his own ac- 
 count, a business in which he was engaged up to 
 1^6. He then embarked in the mercantile business in 
 Miles City, and in 1887 was elected police magistrate, 
 and later justice of the peace, and subsequently served 
 one term as sheriff of Custer county. On completing 
 his term in that office Mr. Gibb turned his attention 
 to the real estate, insurance and live stock business, 
 which he followed until 1901, being successful in his 
 ventures and accumulating a handsome property. He 
 still acts as magistrate and justice of the peace, and 
 as chairman of the city Republican committee, and for 
 four years was chairman of the Republican central 
 committee of Custer county. He is justly regarded as 
 one of the stalwart and influential Republicans of his 
 county, and is thoroughly relied upon by the leaders 
 of the party to assist the organization during doubt- 
 ful elections. Fraternally he is connected with the IMa- 
 sons, having been made a member of Tarbolton lodge, 
 F. & A. M., at Fairbury, Illinois, in 1875, and at 
 this time holds membership in Yellowstone lodge. 
 No. 26, A. F. & A. M.. IMiles City. In 1872 he was 
 made a member of Livingston lodge, I. O. O. F.. in 
 Fairbury, and at this time is a member of Custer 
 lodge. No. 13. 
 
 On September 12, 1867, Mr. Gibb was married to 
 Miss Anna R. Ireland, who was born at jMount Sav- 
 age,_ Maryland, daughter of William and Catherine 
 ( Pride) Ireland, natives of Baintown, Fifeshire. Scot- 
 land, both of tyhom are deceased. They had a fam- 
 ily of four children, of whom three are living, and 
 INIrs. Gibb was the third in order of birth. Air. Ire- 
 land came to the United States with his wife and 
 children during the early forties, and after living in 
 Alaryland for some length of time removed to La- 
 Salle, LaSalle county, Illinois, where he engaged in 
 coal mining, a business in which he continued up to 
 the time of his death. Four children have been born 
 
1208 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 to Mr. and Mrs. Gibb, namely: John F., a printer; 
 
 William A., a well-known dental practitioner of Miles 
 City; Daisy B., wife of James Campbell, of Great Falls, 
 Montana; and Robert B., a successful practicing phy- 
 sician and surgeon of Pittsburg, Kansas. 
 
 John Gibb has had a long and useful career in Mon- 
 tana, and has done much to bring about the many 
 changes that have benefited this section so greatly. 
 His industry, enterprise and progressive methods have 
 served as an excellent example for his fellow citizens 
 to emulate, while his official record is one that stands 
 without stain or blemish. During the many years that 
 he has interested himself in fraternal work he has 
 made numerous friends, who have recognized and 
 appreciated his numerous excellent traits of charac- 
 ter, and in every way he has earned the respect and 
 esteem of his fellow townsmen and the right to be 
 numbered among Miles City’s representative citizens. 
 
 Hiram N. Gilmore. One of the reasons why so 
 many men who have had educational and other ad- 
 vantages meet with failure in establishing themselves 
 in business is a lack of courage and a want of per- 
 sonal enterprise. These qualities are absolutely neces- 
 sary to those who would become men of consequence 
 in any section and particularly so in Montana. This 
 is a state of vast opportunities, but big men are re- 
 quired, those whose courage is equal to undertaking 
 great enterprises and whose energy can carry them to 
 the successful conclusion which their foresight enabled 
 them to see from afar. These men evidently place 
 no limit to the horizon of their endeavor. Arkansas 
 has sent such men to Montana, and an example is 
 found in Hiram N. Gilmore, who came to Miles City 
 in 1882. 
 
 Hiram N. Gilmore was born May 16, 1857, near Little 
 Rock, Arkansas, and is a son of Daniel and Mary 
 Gilmore. The former was born in 1807, at Derry, 
 New Hampshire, and died in Illinois, in 1883. The 
 latter was born at Shelby ville, Tennessee, and died 
 during the childhood of her son, Hiram N. Of the 
 five children of the family he and his sister Alice are 
 the only survivors. In 1834 Daniel Gilmore moved to 
 Arkansas and was the first man to engage in manu- 
 facturing the cotton he raised by slave labor on his 
 plantations into cloth in that section. Subsequently 
 he freed his slaves and in 1864 removed to McLean 
 county, Illinois, where he engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits during the rest of his active life. 
 
 Hiram N. Gilmore was seven years of age when 
 his father moved to Illinois and he attended school in 
 McLean county and also was a student in the North- 
 western University, Chicago. He began his own busi- 
 ness life when twenty years of age, going then into 
 the stock business, not only as a dealer but as a feeder 
 and breeder and at the same time carried on extensive 
 farming. In 1882 he closed out his interests in Illinois 
 and came to Miles City. Montana, his former success 
 making him feel confident of still greater returns with 
 wider opportunities. Here he went into the business 
 on a large scale, acquiring 4,000 acres of land and 
 stocking it with sheep, cattle and horses. Mr. Gilmore 
 built his first irrigation ditch in 1893 and now has 1,000 
 acres well irrigated, and has since completed what is 
 considered a notable piece of engineering. This is 
 known as the Little Dry Canal Reservoir and Ditch, 
 which was completed in 1907. It extends a distance 
 of twelve miles and it is by far the largest undertaking 
 of its kind in this part of Montana that has been 
 financed and projected by one man.\. 
 
 Mr. Gilmore was married in 1881 to Miss Mary 
 Marifield, who was born in McLean county, Illinois, 
 and they have five children, namely; Ralph, Eleanor, 
 Olive, Alice and Hiram R. Mr. Gilmore is a member 
 of Miles City Lodge No. 537, Protective Order of 
 Elks. He is independent in his political views, but 
 
 rnay be counted on to be ranged with the best class of 
 citizens when measures of moment are to be decided 
 which are intended to work for the betterment of 
 Montana and her people. 
 
 Howard B. Wiley. Holding prestige as cashier of 
 the First National Bank of Miles City, Howard B. 
 Wiley has attained a prominent place among the men 
 in whose care the financial interests of the state have 
 been placed, and has so ' conducted his own affairs 
 and those of the institution that he has won the uni- 
 versal confidence and esteem of his fellow citizens. Mr. 
 Wiley is a member of an old New England family 
 which numbers among its members those whose an- 
 cestors fought in the Revolutionary war, and was born 
 May 24, 1859, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a son of 
 Abraham S. and Susan E. (Brewer) Wiley. His pa- 
 ternal grandfather was the first treasurer of the old 
 Fitchburg Railroad, while on the maternal side his 
 grandfather was a wholesale druggist in Boston. 
 
 Abraham S. Wiley was born in Boston, in 1833, and 
 was educated in the schools of that city. He was 
 for many years engaged in a wholesale and retail drug 
 business in Boston, but in 1874 removed to Detroit, 
 Michigan, and interested himself in the manufacture 
 of safes, as vice-president of the Detroit Safe Com- 
 pany. In 1892 he came to Montana, and during the 
 following year engaged in sheep raising with his son. 
 Howard B., near Ekalaka, in Custer county, and con- 
 tinued to follow that same line until his death, Decem- 
 ber 13, 1908. Fie was a prominent member of the 
 Masonic fraternity, and in political matters was a 
 Republican. He and his wife, who survives him and 
 makes her home in Los Angeles, California, had a 
 family of seven children, of whom three are now living; 
 Howard B., Bertha and Agnes. 
 
 Howard B. Wiley commenced his education in 
 Chauncy Hall, Boston, this being supplemented by 
 attendance at high school in Detroit. When he was 
 only sixteen years of age he commenced work as a 
 bookkeeper with a wholesale dry goods firm in Detroit, 
 continuing with this firm from 1876 to 1880, and rising 
 to the position of cashier. In the latter year he removed 
 to Fargo, North Dakota, where he resided until April, 
 1882, at which time he came to Miles City. He con- 
 tinued overland by stage to Billings, where he worked 
 as a bookkeeper two years and two months, subsequent- 
 ly going to Greenhorn Gulch as bookkeeper for a rail- 
 road contracting firm on the line of the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad Company. He returned to Billings in the 
 summer of 1883, in the fall of which year he became 
 identified with the First National Bank of Billings 
 in the capacity of bookkeeper. In January, 1884, Mr. 
 Wiley returned to Miles City, to become assistant 
 cashier of the Stock Growers National Bank, but in 
 July. 1886, left the employ of that institution to accept 
 a like position with the First National Bank. Since 
 1890 he has been cashier of this bank, one of the 
 strongest financial institutions of Custer county, a 
 statement of which, as given December 5, 1911, show- 
 ing the affairs to be in excellent condition. Loans 
 and discounts are given as $1,707,556.79 ; United States 
 bonds, $156,000.00; banking house, $93,886.33 ; and 
 cash and exchange, $580,416.80. The capital_ is $150,- 
 000.00; surplus and profits, $271,641.12; circulation, 
 $146,900.00; and deposits, $1,969,318.80. As early as 
 1887 Mr. Wiley was elected to the office of city treas- 
 urer, and so well did he manage the affairs of that 
 position that in 1888 he was chosen mayor, in which 
 capacity he acted ably for one term, giving his city 
 an excellent administration. He was one of the seven 
 founders of the Miles City Club, in 1884, and its pres- 
 ent president; has been president of the Chamber of 
 Commerce which office he still holds; also president of 
 the Custer County Building Association, a flourish- 
 ing organization; and he belongs to Yellowstone Lodge, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1209 
 
 No. 26, A. F. & A. M., of which he is a past master; 
 and Miles City Lodge, No. 537, B. P. O. E. In politi- 
 cal matters he is a Republican. Mr. Wiley is an 
 enthusiastic huntsman, and various trophies of the 
 chase adorn the walls of his comfortable residence in 
 Miles City 
 
 On May 15, 1889, iMr. Wiley was married to Miss 
 Jennie L. Hodges, who was born at Richmond, Ver- 
 mont. daughter of Julius Hodges. Two children have 
 been born to them : Russell B., born in 1^2, who se- 
 cured a high school education in Detroit, Michigan; and 
 Arthur W., born in 1899, and now attending school in 
 Miles City. An excellent business man, with a deep 
 and comprehensive knowledge of financial conditions, 
 a citizen who considers it his duty to advance the 
 best interests of his community, and a man whose 
 popularity has been proved on numerous occasions, 
 Mr. Wiley maintains the respect of his fellow men 
 to a marked degree, and may be well numbered among 
 the representative and influential citizens of Custer 
 county. 
 
 William Gr.\eow. Those travelers whose duties call 
 them to Livingston, Montana, will usually find them- 
 selves directed to the Grabow Hotel, one of the finest 
 hostelries in the state, the proprietor of which, William 
 Grabow, has been prominent!}' identified with business, 
 social and political activities of this section for more 
 than thirty years. Born in Mecklenburg, Germany, 
 August 16, 1850, the youngest of a family of twelve 
 children, of whom three are now living, he lost his par- 
 ents when a mere child. He was reared on the farm of 
 his father, who also held the office of public administra- 
 tor, and was educated in the common schools and by a 
 private tutor. In 1877 Mr. Grabow came to the United 
 States on a sailing vessel, and after spending a short 
 time in New York City, made his way to Cleveland, 
 Ohio, where he was employed for two years by the 
 Standard Oil Compan}'. He next removed with a 
 colony of Germans to Glenullin, Morton county. North 
 Dakota, where he took up a homestead and engaged in 
 farming until. 1882, then selling his interests and com- 
 ing to Livingston. 
 
 Mr. Grabow accepted whatever opportunities lay 
 open before him in the way of employment during the 
 first few years of his residence here, being connected 
 with a bottling company, later seeing service as an 
 employe of the Northern Pacific Railroad, subsequently 
 being engaged in putting up hay in the Gallatin valley 
 and farming in Park county on the Shields river, and 
 finally engaging in the retail liquor business, which 
 occupied his attention until 1911. In that year he 
 moved into his modern hotel building, which is fitted 
 with the finest equipment, with hot and cold water 
 in every room, European cafe in connection, and every 
 known convenience for the comfort of his guests. This 
 has become one of the most popular and largely patron- 
 ized houses in this part of the state, and owes its 
 success directly to Mr. Grabow’s able management. 
 Always of a progressive and enterprising nature, he 
 has shown himself a master hand in organization, 
 being one of the founders of the Livingston Flour 
 Milling Company, of which he is secretary, one of the 
 first stockholders in the First State Bank of Livingston, 
 and one of those who introduced the manufacture of 
 brick as an industry in Livingston. Fraternal matters 
 have occupied a large part of his time and attention, 
 and he was one of the organizers of the Sons of Her- 
 mann, of which he was the first secretary, and a mem- 
 ber of the Fraternal Order of Eagles. Politically a 
 Democrat, his popularity was shown when he was 
 elected alderman from the First ward. 
 
 On September 2, 1892, Mr. Grabow was united in 
 marriage with Miss Elizabeth Burmeister, who was 
 born in Germany, and to this union there have been 
 born five children : Edward, William, Emma, Adolph 
 
 and Harry. Mr. Grabow has been successful in his 
 business enterprises because he possesses the qualities 
 which bring success, — good judgment, business faculty, 
 a high sense of honor and a just appreciation of the 
 rights of others. During his long residence in Liv- 
 ingston he has gained a wide acquaintance, among 
 which he numbers numerous warm friends. 
 
 John W. Newton. Years ago when such a thing as 
 fences were unheard of in the virgin western states, 
 the ranchmen, the big cattle kings, ruled the country. 
 All the life of the plains radiated around them and 
 their homes. Wealthy and powerful, they held undis- 
 puted right over the thousands of miles of ranges. Since 
 that time, with the slow approach of settlers, of fences, 
 of railroads, of towns, their domain has been forced 
 into smaller and smaller limits until, though still retain- 
 ing the wealth of the earlier days, they have had to ac- 
 commodate themselves to other conditions, and if they 
 were to hold their prestige, to attain prominence in the 
 ways which the modern community offers. Such a 
 man is John W. Newton of Roundup, hlontana. Once 
 a great cattle king, he was able, when the advance agents 
 of civilization appropriated his ranges, to turn his 
 talents to other directions and to become as prominent 
 a man among a people of tamer pursuits as he used 
 to be among their forerunners. 
 
 iMr. Newton's father, Sylvester S. Newton, was born 
 in New York, but moved to Illinois as a young man. 
 After several years’ residence there he moved on to 
 Wyoming where he engaged in business as a farmer and 
 stockraiser. He served in the Union army at the 
 time of the Civil war as the captain of a company, and 
 took part in many engagements, distinguishing him- 
 self to such an extent that at the end of the war he 
 was promoted to provost marshal. Although an active 
 politician, he also took an intense interest in the church. 
 He died in 1909 at the age of eighty-six, and was buried 
 in Cody, Wyoming. His wife, Eliza Stratton, whom he 
 married in Illinois and who is now living in Cody, was 
 the first white child born in Bureau county, Illinois. 
 They had nine children who are scattered over several 
 states, of whom John W. was the second child and the 
 oldest son. 
 
 John W. Newton was born in Princeton, Bureau 
 county, Illinois, August 24, 1853, and lived there until 
 he was about twenty-seven years old. He then started 
 west intending to go to Montana. He stopped in Iowa 
 for three years, however, and it was two years more be- 
 fore he finally reached hlontana. During his residence 
 in Iowa he engaged in the stock business, an occupation 
 that had come to him partly by chance. When his father 
 entered the army it was necessary that he, as the eldest 
 boy, should take charge of the family. This necessitated 
 his leaving the public school, which he had been attend- 
 ing, and going to work. He took the first position that 
 was offered him, which happened to be that of cattle buy- 
 er for a butchering firm. Thus on his arrival in Iowa he 
 took up the work that he knew best. While in the latter 
 state he broke a record that has never been equaled 
 since. He shipped one hundred and eight cars of stock 
 in one year and received one thousand dollars in rebate 
 from the Burlington railroad. 
 
 From Iowa he came on to Montana with a herd of cat- 
 tle, reaching the latter state in October, 1885. The win- 
 ters of 1886 and 1887 were severe, and every one of his 
 cattle froze to death. To make matters worse the 
 Indians stole all his horses. He was soon able to re- 
 trieve his fortunes, however, so that he lost no faith in 
 the promises which jMontana has always held out to the 
 younger generation. He settled in the Musselshell val- 
 ley at the time, and has never moved since. Besides 
 his stock and ranching interests, he conducts many 
 other enterprises, and is one of the most influential 
 business men in Roundup. He is president of the 
 Newton Hardware company and of the Newton Lum- 
 
1210 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ber Company ; was one of the original organizers and 
 the first president of the Citizens State Bank, and is 
 still interested in it. 
 
 Mr. Newton was the first mayor of Roundup and 
 served two terms in that office. He has been city treas- 
 urer, and has also been connected with the school board. 
 Although he has taken little active part in his party, 
 he is so influential as a Republican, that he has already 
 been mentioned for various political offices, and will 
 probably be asked to accept one of them in the near fu- 
 ture. He is one of the directors of the Commercial 
 club, and is also a member of the Pioneer club and the 
 Masonic fraternity. 
 
 Mr. Newton was married in 1877 in Bureau county, 
 Illinois, to Marian A. Dungan, the daughter of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Joseph Dungan of Bureau county, and they be- 
 came the parents of six children, four boys and two 
 girls. Ray and Wesley are still at home. 'Ethel is the 
 wife of George Smith and lives near Roundup, and 
 Marie is married to Herman Wyman, of Billings. 
 Parker L. and Hawley H. are both married, and live at 
 or near Roundup. Mr. and j\Irs. Newton attend the 
 Methodist church, the latter being an active worker of 
 the Ladies’ Aid Society. Mr. and Mrs. Newton have 
 one of the most beautiful homes in the Musselshell 
 valley. 
 
 John Killom. The duties and responsibilities rest- 
 ing on the shoulders of those who occupy the office of 
 sheriff are of such a nature as to make it necessary 
 that only men of the utmost courage, self-reliance and 
 integrity be chosen to hold such a position. The old 
 days of the open range, the wide-open mining camps 
 and the lawlessness of the frontier have passed, but 
 there is still plenty of arduous, dangerous work to be 
 found by the alert and conscientious representative of 
 law and order, and for this reason Park county may be 
 congratulated that it has for its sheriff such an efficient 
 official as John Killom. Mr. Killom was born at Met- 
 tlebridge, England, April 3, 1868, -and is a son of Peter 
 and Sarah (Storrer) Killom. 
 
 Peter Killom was born in Ireland, but as a young man 
 went to England, there followed mining and farming 
 until i86'9, when he came to the United States. First 
 settling in Ohio, he followed the same occupations 
 until 1882, and then removed to Butte, Montana, where 
 he was for . one year a contractor in copper mining 
 properties, and finally settled in Chestnut, Gallatin 
 county, where after two years of coal contracting and 
 farming, he died at the age of forty-five years. His 
 wife, to whom he was married in England, passed 
 away in 1899, at the age of fifty-two years, having 
 been the mother of eight children, as follows : George 
 
 S., born in England, and now living in Carbon county, 
 Montana ; John ; Martha, born in Ohio, now the wife 
 of F. C. Sumner, of Park county, Montana; James, 
 living in Park county; Joseph, who died at the age of 
 twenty-one years; Peter and William, who are resi-, 
 dents of Park county; and Katherine, who died at the 
 age of seventeen years. 
 
 John Killom was one year old when he was brought 
 to the United States, and his education was secured 
 in the public schools of Ohio and Missouri, and a night 
 school in Bozeman. Montana. When he had completed 
 liis educational training, he became a cowboy, at which 
 he worked two years, then engaging in the stock busi- 
 ness. in which he has continued since 1895. He has 
 a fine property located near Clyde Park, Montana, 
 where his home is situated, and there raises blooded 
 cattle and horses for the eastern markets, and each 
 year has seen his operations extending in scope. In 
 1905 he served as deputy sheriff of Park county, and in 
 November, 1910, became the candidate on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket for the position of sheriff, being elected 
 
 by a handsome majoritv and was re-elected November 
 
 S, 1912. He has proven that the voters of the county 
 
 made no mistake in choosing him for this responsible 
 office, and in the discharge of his duties has made a 
 record that has won the unqualified approval of Park 
 county’s citizens. Fraternally, he is connected with 
 the Order of the Moose, and Livingston lodge, B P. 
 O. E. 
 
 On October 17, 1891, Mr. Killom was married to 
 Miss Ellen Lewis, oldest of the seven children of Robert 
 and Harriet (Cassel) Lewis, the former a native of 
 Wales and the latter of England. Mr. Lewis came 
 to the United States in 1882, bringing his family 
 to Colorado, and subsequently moved to Montana, 
 where he was engaged in mining until 1912, agricul- 
 tural pursuits having engrossed his attention since 
 that time. Mr. and Mrs. Killom have been the par- 
 ents of four children; George L., Ella, John and 
 Jennie. 
 
 Henry Frank. In perpetuating, in words more en- 
 during than monuments of brass or stone, the memory 
 of men of prominence whose active and valuable lives 
 have been passed in Helena, the pages of this volume 
 would be incomplete were mention not made of Henry 
 Frank, who during a long and useful career has done 
 much to build up the industrial importance of Living- 
 ston. Coming to this country as a young German 
 immigrant, wtih little capital save an active, energetic 
 mind and a willingness to do well whatever occupation 
 lay before him, he has so conducted his life as to 
 build up a flourishing business and to gain and retain 
 the high regard of his fellow men. Mr. Frank was 
 born in Posen, Germany, May 28, 1843, and is a son 
 of Moses and Pauline (Rosenbaum) Frank, also natives 
 of Posen. 
 
 Moses Frank was born in 1806 and for many years 
 was engaged in a tailoring business at Murowana 
 Goslin, Province of Posen, Germany, where his death 
 occurred at the age of sixty-nine years, while his wife 
 passed away in 1876, at the age of seventy years. Of 
 their six children, three are living; Llenry; Mena, the 
 wife of Jacob Lachinski ; and Jennie, the widow of Mr. 
 Silverman. After securing an education in the schools 
 of his native locality, Henry Frank learned the trade 
 of tailor in the shop of his father, and on attaining 
 his majority joined the German army, as is customary 
 with the youth of that country. He served as a soldier 
 for two years and eleven months, and in 1864 decided 
 to try his fortunes in the United States, subsequently 
 landing in New York City in November of that year. 
 He spent but a short time in the metropolis, however, 
 but removed to Yonkers, New York, and was there 
 about six months. He next located in Natchez, Mis- 
 sissippi, and in the fall of 1866 went up the river to 
 St. Louis, Missouri, where he remained until the spring 
 of 1867, then coming up the Missouri river on the 
 steamer Silver Lake No. 4 to Fort Benton. At that 
 point he worked at his trade from July 8, 1867, until 
 March 12, 1868, and on the latter date joined a bull 
 train that traveled overland twenty-eight miles through 
 Spring Wolf Creek and Silver City to Helena, Montana. 
 At that time anything like a decent meal could not be 
 obtained under three dollars, and potatoes were sell- 
 ing for sixty-five dollars per sack, while a bag of flour 
 cost one hundred and ten dollars. At first prospects 
 did not look bright to the young tailor, but he man- 
 aged to get a start, and continued in the tailoring busi- 
 ness until the fall of 1879, when he traveled overland 
 and by boat back to St. Louis. In St. Louis, December 
 12, 1879, he was married to Miss Barbara H. Hartman, 
 a native of Bohemia, and to this union there were 
 born seven children : Moses ; Solomon ; Theodore 
 
 LI. ; Julius LL, who died March 21, 1912; Percy H. ; 
 Adolph H. and Hilda. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Frank remained in St. Louis until 1882, 
 then returning to Montana by way of rail as far 
 as Huntley and overland to Clark City, which today 
 
r., 
 
 ■ 
 
 ii'j 
 
 
 : ■ . 
 
 
 
 
I 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1211 
 
 bears the name of Livingston. Engaging in the mer- 
 chant tailoring and clothing business in a small way, 
 Mr. Frank has continued therein to the present time, 
 and with his sons has built up one of the leading ven- 
 tures of its kind in this section. In 1884 he erected 
 his first store building on Park street, and later added 
 to this building, which is now known as the Living- 
 ston Hotel, and is being ably and profitably conducted 
 by Mrs. Frank. In 1890 Mr. Frank erected a modern 
 brick store, two stories in height, at No. 114 North 
 Main street, where the business is now located. iMr. 
 Frank is primarily a business man and has found no 
 time to enter the political arena, but takes pleasure in 
 fraternal work. He has attained to the thirty-third 
 degree in Masonry, belonging to Livingston Lodge No. 
 42. A. .F. & A. M., Particular Consistory of Eastern 
 Montana No. i, and Algeria Temple, A. A. O. N. IM. S., 
 of Helena. His long residence in the city has gained 
 him a wide acquaintance, among which he can number 
 numerous warm friends. I\Ir. Frank's career proves 
 what has been said of another, that ‘‘the country is 
 indeed fortunate which not only possesses citizens 
 of this type but is capable of developing them from poor 
 young immigrants.” He has shown how greatly this 
 country is blessed by the presence on its soil of men 
 of the highest worth who were born in other lands. 
 
 Arthur W. IMiles. In the front rank of ^Montana's 
 successful business men, stands Arthur W. IMiles, who, 
 for almost thirty years has been a resident of Livings- 
 ton, and it would be difficult to name any important 
 business enterprise of this place which, at some time 
 or another, has not felt his influence or fostering care, 
 while no public movement has ever been inaugurated 
 here for the general welfare, that has not been assisted 
 and furthered by him. He is a man of energy and ac- 
 complishment, earnest, practical, broad-minded and suc- 
 cessful. He was born June 20, 1859, at Westminster, 
 Massachusetts, and is a son of Daniel C. and IMary 
 Jane (Puffer) Miles, and a nephew of General Nelson 
 A. Miles, commander-in-chief of the Llnited States 
 army. In the lately issued book of recollections. 
 General Miles traces clearly the family ancestry back 
 to its earlv colonial settlement in America. 
 
 Arthur W. iMiles was educated very thoroughly and 
 in the class of 1878 was graduated from Wesleyan ,A.cad- 
 emy, a noted institution of the jMethodist faith, at 
 Wilbraham, Massachusetts. After teaching one term 
 of school at Westminster, he was tendered and ac- 
 cepted a position of paymaster's clerk, in the regular 
 army, and served one year under Major G. W. Baird, 
 at Santa Fe, New Mexico, being then promoted and 
 transferred to Fort Keogh, Montana, where he entered 
 upon his duties in October, 1880, and has been a resi- 
 dent of this state ever since. He remained in his 
 government position for two and one-half years longer 
 and then determined to embark in business for him- 
 self and sent in his resignation to the authorities. For 
 a few months he engaged in the hardware business at 
 Coulson and then removed to Billings and has the rec- 
 ord of having erected the first store building in that 
 city, and in 1882 he formed the firm of Babcock & 
 iMiles, in oartnership with A. L. Babcock, which existed 
 for a period of ten years. 
 
 In the winter of 1882-1883 i\Ir. Miles opened a store 
 at Livingston, and the firm opened first a branch store 
 at Gardiner, Montana, and in 1886 branch stores at Big 
 Timber and Red Lodge and subsequently a branch store 
 at Castle, Montana. In 1892 the Babcock & Miles part- 
 nership was dissolved. Mr. Miles taking over a part of 
 the company interests, particularly those at Livingston, 
 but they have continued their business relations in other 
 enterprises. Having decided to make Livingston his 
 permanent home, iMr. Miles, in 1889, erected the hand- 
 some modern structure on Main street, known' as the 
 Miles block and equipped it with steam and electricity. 
 
 making it one of the finest business buildings yet erected 
 in Montana. He owns many blocks of valuable real 
 estate here, improved and otherwise, and has property 
 in adjacent cities and country lands. As mentioned 
 above he has been interested in numerous successful 
 business agencies that have developed this section. 
 He is president of the Livingston Milling Company, 
 and since 1900 has made investments in lumber and 
 brick manufacturing and has been agent for the Rocky 
 Fork Coal Company. It was Mr. Allies who erected 
 the postoffice block at Livingston, a structure that 
 would be creditable in any eastern city. His fine ranch 
 of 840 acres is situated on Shields river and there he 
 raises some of the best stock that Montana produces. 
 He has extensive general mercantile interests covering 
 a wide territory and in 1908 he established a general 
 merchandise store at Clyde Park, Montana, and in 
 1912 another at Wilsall, Montana. He is president of 
 the A. W. Allies Company; president of the Thompson 
 Company ; and president and manager of the Wylie 
 Permanent Camping Company, National Park, a large 
 tourist business being done by this company. 
 
 Notwithstanding his numerous and important busi- 
 ness interests. Air. Allies has somehow found time for 
 public activities. A zealous Republican he has fre- 
 quently been honored by his party and his public services 
 have been of such a character as to reflect credit upon 
 his constituents and state. He served the first two terms 
 as mayor of Livingston, givin.g the city an admirable 
 business administration. In November, 1905, he was 
 elected to the state senate and served for four years, 
 being permanent chairman of that body, later also 
 president of the senate and durin.g the absence of 
 Governor Norris, served as acting governor, his eminent 
 qualifications causing his selection from the body of able 
 men for this high position. He has been identified 
 also with the city’s banking interests as vice president 
 of the Livingston National Bank and a director of the 
 Park National Bank. 
 
 Air. Allies was married December 19. 1885. to Aliss 
 Idella AI. Draper, who was born at Holliston, Alassa- 
 chusetts, and is a daughter of W. H. and Sarah L. 
 (Perry) Draper, of old New England stock. Air. and 
 Airs. Allies have had four children: Louise Gertrude, 
 who was educated at Carlton College, Northfield, Minne- 
 sota, was married November 3, 1910, to Thomas E. 
 Mitchell, mana.ger of Leonard Aline of Butte, and they 
 have one son. Robert Arthur, and reside at Butte, Alon- 
 tana : Daniel Nelson, who is a graduate of Amherst 
 College, in the class of 1912; Adena Josephine, who is 
 a student at Alt. 'Vernon Seminary, Washington, D. C., 
 and Perry, who is now deceased. Air. Allies has served 
 on many administrative boards, public spirited and 
 benevolent, and is a man noted for his generosity in the 
 cause of charity. Fraternally, he is connected with and 
 actively interested in the A. F. & A. AL, Shrine Algeria 
 Temple of Helena, Knights of Pythias and the Elks. 
 
 Adelbert Whitney. Left fatherless at the age of 
 four years, the boyhood of Adelbert Whitnerv of Big 
 Timber, was filled with hard and unceasing labor, and 
 since his earliest 3’outh he has been largely dependent 
 on his own efforts for a livelihood, but so industriously 
 and perseveringly has he labored that he has become 
 one of the most successful ranchmen of Sweet Grass 
 county, is widely known in financial circles and in 
 social activities, and has a firm footing in the confidence 
 and regard of the people who have the pleasure of 
 knowing him. Air. Whitney is a product of the New 
 England states, having been born in Waldo township, 
 Waldo county, Alaine, Alay 29, 1864, and is a son of 
 Henry and Alartha Ellen (Alerriam) Whitney. 
 
 Henry Whitney was born in Alorrill, Waldo county, 
 Alaine, in 1823, and as a youth was engaged in farming, 
 but in 1857 went to California via sailing vessel around 
 the Horn, and spent some years in mining. On his 
 
1212 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 return to his native vicinity he was married and settled 
 down to farming in Waldo township, where he died in 
 I1S68. In political matters he was originally a Whig 
 and later a Republican, but never took an active part 
 in public affairs. He and his wife, who survived him 
 until 1908 and died in North Yakima, Washington, had 
 but one child, Adelbert. 
 
 After securing a somewhat limited education in the 
 public schools of Waldo township, Adelbert Whitney 
 worked on the home farm until 1^2, in which year he 
 came west to Fort Keogh by rail, then going to Old 
 Coulson by stage and up the Musselshell river to 
 Merino, now known as Flarlowton. He located at the 
 mouth of the American Fork, on the Musselshell, where 
 he engaged in the sheep business until 1884, in which 
 j'ear he located in what is known as the Lake Basin 
 country, wliere he continued to be engaged in sheep 
 raising for a long period of years. Subsequently he 
 turned his attention to the cattle business, and he still 
 superintends the operations on his ranch located nine 
 miles from Big Timber, in addition to which he owns 
 another fine property in Sweet Grass county. Since 
 1900, however, he has made his home in Big Timber, 
 and here he has been associated with some of the lead- 
 ing business man of the section in large ventures. Fie 
 is vice-president of the Citizens State Bank of Big 
 Timber, and a heavy stockholder in the Big Timber 
 National Bank. In 1906 he was the Republican ap- 
 pointee for the office of under sheriff of Sweet Grass 
 county, and served in that office until March, 1908. Fra- 
 ternally he is connected with Livingston Lodge No. 
 246, B. P. O. E., and Doric Lodge No. 53, A. F. & 
 A. M., Livingston Chapter No. 7, R. A. M., and St. 
 Bernard Commandery No. 6, K. T., also charter member 
 of K. of P. lodge 25 of Big Timber. Mr. Whitney is 
 a wide-awake and public-spirited man. Fie is always 
 at the front of every movement which tends to the 
 improvement or elevation of the community, or in which 
 its safety or welfare is involved. In civil affairs he 
 has ungrudgingly borne his part in every way, and in his 
 fraternal associations he has contributed essentially to 
 the advancement and success of the orders with which 
 he is connected. During his long residence in the 
 Sweet Grass country he has made many acquaintances, 
 among whom he numbers a host of warm friends. 
 
 On March 23, 1891, Mr. Whitney was married to 
 Miss Lena M. Flaney, who was born in Belfast, Maine, 
 daughter of Charles W. and Ridora (Cunningham) 
 Haney. Mr. Flaney was born in Waldo county, Maine, 
 in 1842, and at the outbreak of the Civil war enlisted 
 in Company I, Twenty-sixth Regiment, Maine Vol- 
 unteer Infantry. On his return to Belfast he became 
 a prominent merchant, one of his community’s best 
 known citizens, an active Republican, and a man promi- 
 nent in IMasonry and Oddfellowship. He and his wife 
 had three daughters’: Nellie, the wife of F. C. Winters, 
 living in Winthrop Beach, Massachusetts; Mrs. Whit- 
 ney : and Inez, the wife of W. C. Gorton, of San Diego, 
 California. 
 
 Alfred Croonquist. president of the Croonquist Mer- 
 cantile Company and one of the leading business citi- 
 zens of Red Lodge, came to Montana about thirty years 
 ago, and has spent the greater part of his time since 
 1882 in mercantile pursuits here. His career is a 
 striking example of the results to be secured by hard 
 and persistent labor, directed along the proper chan- 
 nels, and demonstrates that industry, honesty and per- 
 severance will overcome all obstacles and that it is not 
 necessary for a man possessed of these attributes to be 
 given any financial aid at the start of his business life. 
 He was born in Sweden, September 19, 1862, and came 
 to this country as a poor emigrant lad of nine years 
 with his brother,_ Frank. Landing in New York City, 
 the youthful emigrants made their way to St. Paul, 
 Minnesota. It was necessary that Alfred should sup- 
 
 port himself, so he learned the tinsmith’s trade, in the 
 meantime attending school whenever he could get the 
 chance, in order to familiarize himself with the Eng- 
 lish tongue. Finally his apprenticeship was completed 
 and he secured his first employment from George L. 
 Farwell, one of the leading hardware merchants of St. 
 Paul, in whose employ he continued for three years, 
 but in 1881 moved to Moscow, Idaho, and for about 
 one year worked as a farm hand. In the summer of 
 1882 he became connected with the Northern Pacific 
 Railroad, as a member of a construction gang doing 
 work in Idaho. Not long afterward he left Thompson 
 Falls, Idaho, for Billings, Montana, overland on foot 
 and then by rail to St. Paul, where he spent the winter 
 of 1882-3. In the spring of 1883 he came to Livingston, 
 Montana, and engaged in the confectionery business on 
 his own account, a venture in which he successfully 
 continued until 1892. At that time he went to the 
 Yakima valley, in Washington, and until 1897 fol- 
 lowed fruit raising, but in that year returned to Mon- 
 tana and settled in a general merchandise business at 
 Carbonado. The year 1900 saw his advent in Red 
 Lodge, where he has since carried on a general mer- 
 chandise business, being president of the Croonquist , 
 Mercantile Company, his son, Alfred FL, acting in the 
 capacity of vice-president of the concern, while another 
 son, Harold S., is secretary. This establishment has 
 a steady growth, and now controls a large share of 
 business throughout Carbon county. Mr. Croonquist is 
 known as a man of sound business judgment and un- 
 questioned integrity. He is an excellent manager and 
 a friend of progress, championing and adopting any 
 changes he believes will work for the ultimate benefit 
 of all concerned, and being foremost among the public- 
 spirited citizens of Red Lodge who are behind measures 
 for the betterment of the community. His political con- 
 victions are those of the Republican party, and he has 
 served very acceptably as alderman from the Third 
 ward. His place of business is situated at No. 301 
 South Billings street, where he has a well-equipped 
 establishment, carrying a full line of the most up-to- 
 date goods to be found in his business. 
 
 On December 26, 1890, Mr. Croonquist was married 
 to Miss Mabel Harrison, who was born in Waterbury, 
 Connecticut, daughter of Stephen and Ella (Shepard) 
 Harrison, of New England, both of whom are de- 
 ceased. Mrs. Croonquist is the eldest of five children. 
 Seven children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Croon- 
 quist : Alfred H., Harold S., Hugh A., Mabel M., 
 
 Stanley M., Ella S., and Alice. 
 
 George E. Simon. A review of the successful men 
 of Park county shows no more striking example of 
 self-made manhood or youthful courage and perse- 
 verance than the career of George E. Simon, one of 
 the leading merchants of Livingston, who, as a youth 
 of sixteen years, was a member of a party under the 
 famous scout, William Frederick Cody (“Buffalo Bill”), 
 on an expedition in the Black Hills. His early life was 
 filled with misfortunes and hardships that would have 
 broken the spirit of a less courageous lad, but he even- 
 tually triumphed over all obstacles, fighting his \vay 
 steadfastly forward, and now enjoys business prestige 
 and the esteem of those of the community in which his 
 activities have been pursued. Mr. Simon was_ born 
 December 12, i860, in Aurora, Kane county, Illinois, and 
 is a son of John and Mary (Bourke) Simon, natives 
 respectively of Germany and France. John Simon 
 came to the United States as a younng man, locating 
 in Aurora, Illinois, where he worked at various occu- 
 pations and at the time of his death was in the employ 
 of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad. He and 
 his wife had four children; George E. ; Joseph, who 
 also lives in Livingston: Fred M. ; and Marie. 
 
 The early education of George E. Simon was some- 
 what limited, as his father died when he was a mere 
 

 i:* 
 
 
 
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 ; 
 
 i- ' 
 
 J : 
 
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 -'s 
 
 
 t'- 
 
FAMILY OF 
 
 ^ x) z/cO( 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 T213 
 
 child, and his mother passed away when he was but 
 nine years of age. After the latter event he went to 
 live with a family in Aurora, but the youth was mis- 
 treated, and when he was sixteen years of' age decided 
 to run away and make his own way in the world. 
 From various sources he had heard of the prowess of 
 the great "Buffalo Bill,” the American scout, frontiers- 
 man and Indian fighter, and longed to participate in the 
 exploits of the hero of his youthful dreams. Eventual- 
 ly, learning that Col. Cody was at Cheyenne, Wyo- 
 ming, he made his way to that point as best he could, 
 stealing rides on the trains and accomplishing much of 
 the journey on foot. He left Aurora early in the 
 spring of 1876 and it was June before he reached Chey- 
 enne, but there he found the object of his search who 
 was about ready to start with an outfit of forty-seven 
 men for the Black Hills, with a bull and cow train, mules 
 and saddlehorses. Young Simon approached the great 
 scout and informed him he was desirous of becoming 
 one of the party, but Cody at first utterly refused, with 
 the curt statement that he “wanted men and not boys 
 in his party,” but the evident earnestness and sincerity 
 of the lad finally impressed him, and perhaps, too, he 
 realized that here w'as a youth possessed of more than 
 ordinary qualifications, wdio could be relied upon to bear 
 his share of the burdens without complaint, for he 
 finally gave his consent, and George E. Simon became 
 a regular member of the party. To the youth whose 
 life had up to that time been spent in the peaceful 
 country of Illinois, the trip that followed was a hard 
 and wearisome one, but the thrilling adventures, the 
 continuous experiences wdth the Indians, in which sev- 
 eral of the party w'ere wounded by the Sioux and a 
 number of the stock stolen, and the great .and beautiful 
 country through which the journey was made, proved 
 ample remuneration for the hardships encountered, and 
 he earned the admiration of the older men of the party 
 by the plucky spirit he displayed at all times. Arriving 
 at the Black Hills, the party at once engaged in placer 
 mining, and the venture proved to be only another of 
 the fortunate enterprises with wdiich Colonel Cody was 
 constantly being identified. Having acquired what he 
 considered a competence, in 1882 Mr. Simon went to 
 Miles City by stage, arid a short time thereafter was a 
 passenger on the first train sent over the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad to the old town of Coulson, located 
 near the present site of Billings. Later he settled in 
 that city, where he w'as engaged in clerking until the 
 spring of 1888, and since that year has been a resi- 
 dent of Livingston. He was connected with the A. Krie- 
 ger Companj^ engaged in the furniture and undertaking 
 business, until 1900, and in that year established himself 
 in the dry goods business, now having a large establish- 
 ment and well-selected stock of goods at No. 108 South 
 Main street. He is a director in the First State Bank, 
 and also has extensive holdings in other enterprises, 
 among them the Carr Mercantile Company, of Spokane, 
 Washington. He is a Republican in his political views, 
 but his business interests have been such as to keep his 
 time and mind occupied, and he has never had a desire 
 to enter the public arena. 
 
 Mr. Simon was married to Mrs. Sadie (Merrittl 
 Bristor, a native of Ohio, who had two children by a 
 former marriage, Charles and Helen, the latter being 
 known as Helen Simon. Mr. and Mrs. Simon are weil 
 known in social circles, and he is a popular member of 
 Livingston Lodge No. 246, B. P. O. E.. the Woodmen 
 of the World, and the Sons of Hermann. He bears an 
 enviable reputation in business affairs, and is respected 
 and esteemed as a man who has been the architect of 
 his own fortunes in a remarkable degree. 
 
 Harvey D. Hall is one of the pioneer residents of 
 Cascade who have witnessed the growth of the place 
 from almost nothing to the prosperous city which it 
 now is, and his fortunes have kept pace with the ad- 
 
 vance of the city. In 1891 he established the H. D. 
 Hall livery stables, when the town boasted a store 
 or two and half a hundred residents, and for the first 
 three years of his stay there he barely made expenses. 
 With the growth of the town, however, the business 
 advanced in proportion, and today he is recognized as 
 one of the more prosperous men of his section. He 
 has won a high degree of popularity, as well as un- 
 usual business success, and in 1911 was elected to the 
 office of mayor of Cascade, winning the election on 
 the citizens’ ticket by a large and flattering majority. 
 He has also served as deputy sheriff of Cascade county. 
 
 Mr. Hall was born in Jay county, Indiana, on August 
 17. 1853. He was reared in Kansas, his parents remov- 
 ing there while he was still a young child. He is the 
 son of John M. and IMartha J. (Clover) Hall, both 
 natives of Columbus, Ohio. The father was a farmer, 
 and died in 1896 at the age of seventy-five years, the 
 death of the mother having occurred in 1896, when she 
 was seventy years old. They were the parents of ten 
 children, of which number Harvey D. was the fifth 
 born. As a boy he worked on his father’s farm 
 and attended school in the winter seasons, until he was 
 about twenty-one years of age, after which he worked 
 in various places until he was about twent3'-eight years 
 old. He came to Montana in April, 1882, making the 
 trip by rail to Silver Bow Junction and from that point 
 on by stage to Eagle Rock, Montana. From there he 
 went to the N. S. ranch to work. He remained 
 on the ranch until 1885, and from then until October, 
 1891, he traveled about through that part of the west, 
 stopping here and there and working in various places 
 and at different kinds of work. It was then that he 
 located in Cascade and established the livery business 
 which has thriven so splendidly with the passing years, 
 and which has brought him a position of independence 
 in his section of the countiw. 
 
 Mr. Hall is a member of the Benevolent Protective 
 Order of Elks, and is a Republican in his political alle- 
 giance. He is connected with the Cascade Lumber 
 Company and other industrial concerns of Cascade. He 
 is a man fond of country' life and out door sports, and 
 is an enthusiastic huntsman and fisherman. 
 
 On February 28, 1900, Mr. Hall was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Minnie Porter of St. Paul, Minnesota. 
 Two children have been born to them, — Winnifred 
 Montana, born March 19. 1901. and now attending the 
 public schools of Cascade, and Harold D. Hall, born 
 April 8, 1908. 
 
 Henry J. Rathelmiller. One of the largest and 
 most important business enterprises of Butte, IMon- 
 tana, at the present time is the Home Baking Company, 
 operating one of the largest bakery plants in the state, 
 and of which Mr. Henry J. Rathelmiller is vice-presi- 
 dent. The Home bakery is equipped with the _ most 
 modern and up-to-date machinery obtainable to facilitate 
 baking operations and enjoys the distinction of being the 
 only one that does machine baking in Montana. In the 
 operation of this business, which is not only local but of 
 statewide proportions, Mr. Rathelmiller is an active par- 
 ticipant. He is an expert baker and confectioner, having 
 learned the trade in New York City, where he was 
 born, and was engaged as a journeyman in various parts 
 of the country for a long period before attaining his 
 present influential position. 
 
 After completing his apprenticeship in New York he 
 worked at his trade there for several years, then, in 
 1880, decided to come west, believing that opportunities 
 in some of the newer cities of this part of the country 
 would afford more advantageous openings in his line 
 of trade. He first went to Walla \Valla, Washington, 
 and filled a position there for two years, when he decided 
 to become a resident of Butte, ft was in 1882 that he 
 arrived here and during the following seven years was 
 a valued employe in the bakeries of this city. In 1889 
 
1214 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 he became connected with the Vienna Bakery, located 
 at 320 hiast Park street, as proprietor. This was the 
 first business of his own and there he continued until 
 about 1910. Previous!}-, in 1905, he with Jacob Osenbrug 
 and John Haller combined their interests in the baking 
 luisiness and organized the Home Baking Company. 
 The organization was accordingly incorporated with Mr. 
 Rathelmiller as vice-president and secretary, which posi- 
 tion he has ever since continued to hold. 
 
 Mr. Rathelmiller was born July 4, 1859, the son of 
 Michael Rathelmiller, a native of Bavaria, who came to 
 .'\merica in 1849, locating in New York City and there 
 following his trade of miller. He died in that city at 
 the age of forty-four years. His wife, the mother of 
 Ilcnry J., was born in Germany, came to New York as a 
 child with her parents, and was married there. 
 
 Henry J. Rathelmiller was married at Butte, Septem- 
 ber 15, 1889, to Aliss Elizabeth Kaak, who is of native 
 German birth. Two children were born of this union, 
 Helen Ross, whose birth occurred April 22, 1895, and 
 ICsther Henrietta, born April 19, 1899. 
 
 In politics Mr. Rathelmiller is a Republican, although 
 he takes no active part in partisan affairs, performing 
 his duties as a citizen and a voter conscientiously but 
 unobtrusively. He is .fraternally affiliated with the 
 Woodmen of the World lodge. Having commenced life 
 as a poor boy, Mr. Rathelmiller is entitled to great credit 
 for the pronounced success he has achieved in business 
 and other affairs, and he stands as a worthy example of 
 what an individual possessed of talents for industry 
 and perseverance may accomplish through persistent 
 application. 
 
 THo^I.^s Jefferson Mulany, one of the representa- 
 tive citizens of Beaverhead county, iMontana, with which 
 he has been identified since 1882. and a resident of the 
 town of Dillon, was born in Wisconsin, in Waterford, 
 Racine county, on June 14, 1852, and is the son of 
 John E. and Ruth A. (Griffith) Mulany. The father 
 was born in Ireland in 1801, and died in Wisconsin in 
 1865. He came to America as a boy of about seven 
 years, and his entire life was spent in farming. The 
 mother rvas born in Michigan, and she died on the old 
 Wisconsin farm in 1899, at the advanced age of eighty- 
 five years. 
 
 Mr. Alulany was one of the si.x children of his parents, 
 and he remained on the farm home in Wisconsin until 
 he came to Beaverhead county in 1882. His first work 
 in this state was that of sheep shearing, and for three 
 years he was tiius employed. He served for a similar 
 period as marshal of the town of Dillon, and for two 
 years thereafter was undersheriff of Beaverhead county. 
 He was then elected marshal of Dillon again, then 
 served two years more as undersheriff, and in 1896 
 he became a candidate for the office of sheriff of the 
 county on the Republican ticket, but suffered defeat 
 in the unprecedented Democratic landslide of that year. 
 For a year he was engaged in the hotel business, after 
 which he engaged in general farming and stock rais- 
 ing and has since been occupied in that industry. He 
 has acquired a splendid ranch property of about nine 
 hundred and si.xty acres in the Big Hole Basin, prac- 
 tically all of which is devoted to his operations in stock- 
 raising. While ]\Ir. iMulany has already acquired a 
 large degree of success and prosperity, he has no in- 
 clination to retire from active business. In fact, he 
 declares that he would not be happy if he were not 
 occupied with his ranching interests. 
 
 Mr. iMulany is a man who en.ioys the highest es- 
 teem and confidence of all who know him. and he is 
 regarded as a man whose word is as good as his 
 bond. His every relation has been of ' that nature 
 which would tend to establish him surely and firmly in 
 the regard of his fellow-men, and none enjoys a higher 
 standing in Beaverhead county that he. 
 
 In 1895 Air. Mulany was married to Aliss Rose Lane, 
 
 who was born and educated in the city of Milwaukee, 
 Wisconsin. 
 
 Elizabeth Barker. A woman of strong personality, 
 clear in her views, and with a sure grasp upon the 
 large and important affairs connected with the ad- 
 vancement of the educational status of the state, and 
 the mental and moral training of the young, Elizabeth 
 Barker is serving most efficiently and satisfactorily 
 as superintendent of the Broadwater county schools. 
 Coming from pioneer stock, she was born, November 
 16, 1882, at Confederate Creek, Mission valley, Mon- 
 tana. 
 
 Her father, the late Charles Barker, a native of New 
 York state, came to Montana in 1866, crossing the 
 plains with a wagon train, in true pioneer style. Pros- 
 pecting in the gulches in and near Townsend, he met 
 with far more than average success in his operations. 
 Possessing good judgment and keen foresight, he de- 
 cided to invest his profits in land. Buying a tract in 
 Broadwater county, he cleared and improved a fine 
 ranch, and was there actively and successfully engaged 
 in general ranching and stock raising until his death, 
 in 1898. He also acquired other property of value, at 1 
 the time of his death owning ranch lands and mines 
 in the vicinity of Diamond City, Montana. 
 
 Charles Barker married, in Montana, Alary Link, 
 who was born in Chicago, Illinois, and as a girl came 
 across the plains with her parents in a wagon. The 
 trip was long and dangerous, hostile Indians frequently 
 liesetting their path, (jn one occasion, while the wagon 
 train was halting, Aliss Alary took it upon herself 
 to visit a nearby Indian camp for the purpose of 
 trading supplies, such as soap and other sundries, for 
 furs. On leaving the camp she was followed by an 
 Indian buck, who, as she hastened her steps, started 
 for her on a run. Fear aided her in her flight, and 
 she reached the train completely exhausted, but safe I 
 from her pursuer, her experience on that day never I 
 being forgotten. Ten children were born of the union 1 
 of Air. and Airs. Charles Barker, namely: Alinnie, 
 wife of Finley AIcClintock, the oldest rancher in | 
 Rockville, Montana; Sophia, wife of David Watson, 
 of Cabot, Pennsylvania ; John, of Canyon Ferry, Mon- 
 tana : Frank, engaged in blacksmithing in Joliet, Alon- J 
 tana; Clara, wife of Charles Shaw, of Townsend, ] 
 Alontana ; Charles, a mine operator in Stark, Alissoula 1 
 county; Edward, a rancher in Roberts, Alontana; Ada, 
 a stenographer in Townsend; Ralph, living with his 
 mother on the home ranch ; and Elizabeth, the special ■ 
 subject of this brief personal review. After the death 
 of her husband. Airs. Barker became the wife of E. 
 
 L. Earl, a successful rancher. 
 
 Scholarly in her tastes and ambitions, Elizabeth 
 Barker received excellent educational advantages, after 
 leaving the common schools attending the Townsend 
 high school, and the State Normal School. Entering- 
 then upon a professional career, she taught school most 
 successfully for eight years, five years being associated 
 with the nublic schools of Townsend, and for three 
 years teaching in surrounding towns. 
 
 In the fall of 1910, Aliss Barker, whose reputation 
 as an educator was well known, had the distinction of 
 being nominated as superintendent of the schools of 
 Broadwater county, and was elected as a nominee of. 
 the Republican party, notwithstanding that the county 
 is strongly Democratic, her splendid record as a 
 Ischolar and teacher, and her courteous, pleasant man- 
 ner, being without doubt responsible for her victory 
 at the polls. Her service since accepting her present 
 position has been equally meritorious, reflecting credit 
 upon her ability, discretion and judgment. Under Miss 
 Barker's supervision the schools of the county have 
 made progress in many directions, ranking high 
 among similar institutions in the state, and she is 
 
HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 1215 
 
 deservedly popular with teachers, pupils, parents, and 
 with all interested in educational matters. 
 
 Hon. Albert L. Babcock. It is given to few men 
 to witness during their mature life such a transforma- 
 tion and to participate along so many practical lines 
 in the erection of such a city as Billings as has been 
 granted to the Hon. Albert L. Babcock, one of the 
 most versatile and enterprising business men and bank- 
 ers of the city, who, aside from the engrossing cares of 
 extensive private interests, has found time to serve his 
 fellow citizens with distinction in various public trusts. 
 Born at Albany, New York, December 22, 1851, Mr. 
 Babcock is a son of William C. and Julia ( Lawrence )_ 
 Babcock, natives of New York and descendants of 
 families, members of which had for many years been 
 prominent in civil and military history. The family 
 removed to the then far west in 1856, taking up their 
 abode on a farm near Pontiac, Illinois, where the father, 
 William C. Babcock, was engaged in agricultural pur- 
 suits for a number of years and later moving to Pontiac, 
 engaging in the mercantile and grain business until his 
 death, February 14, 1876. 
 
 Albert L. Babcock was reared in his native vicinity 
 and his education was secured in the district school 
 near his father’s little farm. Like most farmers’ sons, 
 he was engaged in the work of the farm during the 
 summer months, but when he was fourteen years of 
 age he was apprenticed to the printer's trade, working 
 for several years in the office of a country newspaper. 
 This vocation, however, did not suit the ambitious 
 youth who chose instead a mercantile career, and was- 
 soon a salesman behind the counter of a country 
 store. Thrifty and industrious by the time he had 
 reached his majority he was possessed of several hun- 
 dred dollars saved from his wages, and with this capi- 
 tal added to the savings of a young man friend, he 
 entered the field of business on his own account in 
 1873, engaging in the grocery business at Pontiac under 
 the firm name of Babcock & Lobdell. Although he 
 had only the experience he had gained as a clerk, he 
 made a success of his initial venture, and continued to 
 carry on that business until 1882, which year saw his 
 advent into Billings, his keen foresight, which has 
 characterized his life ever since, having told him that 
 great opportunities awaited those who had the ability 
 and the courage to establish themselves in the new 
 city. In partnership with A. W. Miles, now of Living- 
 ston, this state, the two young men opened a small 
 hardware store and tinshop, and as finances permitted 
 and the trade demanded, additions were made to the 
 stock and facilities, and in 1892 the venture had grown 
 to such proportions that a stock company was formed, 
 the A. L. Babcock Hardware Company thus having its 
 inception. This eventually developed into one of the 
 largest wholesale hardware houses in the middle west, 
 and Mr. Babcock remained its active head until 1903, 
 in which year he disposed of his interests to outside 
 parties and later organized the Babcock-Fraser Com- 
 pany, of which he has since been president. In 1895 
 Mr. Babcock erected the Yellowstone Valley flouring 
 mill, with a capacity of one hundred and fifty barrels 
 per day, which was increased to two hundred barrels 
 per day when the mill was incorporated under the 
 style of the Billings Milling Company, of which he 
 was the president. The greater part of the product of 
 this mill was sold in Montana, but the business also 
 had a large business outside of the state. In 1910 this 
 company was succeeded by the Russell Miller Milling 
 Company of Minneapolis. In 1895 Mr. Babcock erected 
 the Billings Opera House, in company with other pro- 
 gressive men, and he was manager thereof until 1906. 
 During 1907 the Babcock office and theatre building 
 was erected by him, one of the finest business blocks 
 in the state. In this is located, one of the handsomest 
 theatres to be found in the west, its appointments being 
 luxurious and its facilities modern in every respect. 
 
 In 1895 Mr. Babcock was the organizer of the Billings 
 Telephone Company, of which he was the president 
 until it was sold to the Bell Telephone Company. He 
 was also one of the founders of the Yellowstone Na- 
 tional Bank, served two years as its vice-president, 
 and in 1893 was elected to the office of chief executive, 
 and has acted as such to the present time. For some 
 time he conducted a branch of his hardware store at 
 the Crow Agency, Montana, and was president of the 
 Babcock and Miles Company, at Two Dot, Meagher 
 county. His interests have been of a varied and ex- 
 tensive nature, but he now gives the greater part of 
 his attention to enterprises of a financial nature. 
 
 Politically, Air. Babcock has always been a stanch 
 adherent of Republicanism, and his activity in public 
 life has been only equalled by his prominence as a 
 business man. He has been chairman of the county 
 central committee during a number of campaigns, served 
 as chairman of the board of commissioners of Yellow- 
 stone county from 1885 to 1889, and was elected as 
 the first senator from Yellowstone county in the first 
 legislative assembly upon the admission of Alontana 
 to statehood in 1^9. He served in the lower house 
 from 1892 to 1894 and again in the senate from 1894 
 to 1898, acting as an influential member of the com- 
 mittee on arid lands and other important bodies. In 
 addition he served on the military staffs of Governors 
 White, Toole and Richards, with the rank of colonel. 
 Air. Babcock has found time to take a decided interest 
 in fraternal work, and holds membership in the lodge, 
 chapter, commandery and Alystic Shrine of Alasonry, 
 filling various chairs in a number of these, and being 
 elected grand commander of the Grand Commandery 
 of Knights Templars of Alontana in 1894. He also 
 holds membership in the Knights of Pythias and the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and served for 
 some time as exalted ruler of Billings lodge when it 
 was first organized in 1897. 
 
 On September 12, 1877, Air. Babcock was united in 
 marriage with Aliss Antoinette Packer, of Pontiac, 
 Illinois, and one son has been born to them. It is 
 seldom that the son inherits the father’s sterling quali- 
 ties, but it looks as though his father’s mantle has 
 fallen upon the younger man’s shoulders. He is a 
 graduate of Shallock Alilitary school, of Alinnesota, 
 and of the University of Chicago. On January i, 1907, 
 after having a number of years of experience in the 
 A. L. Babcock Hardware Company’s offices, he was 
 elected vice-president of the Yellowstone National 
 Bank, which position he now holds and he also served 
 in a like capacity for the Babcock-Fraser Company. 
 On January 3, 1901, he was married to Miss Josephine 
 Twyman, of Chicago, and they have had two children : 
 Lawrence Twyman and a little daughter, Caroline 
 Antoinette. 
 
 J. Harris Russell, AI. D, One of the leading 
 votaries of the healing art in Montana, with a thor- 
 oughly established reputation in his profession, is Dr. J. 
 Harris Russell, of Cascade, proprietor of the Cascade 
 Hospital and of the only retail drug establishment in 
 the city, who has also given the city the benefit of his 
 abilities in the line of public service. Dr. Russell, like 
 Imany others of Alontana’s successful professional men, 
 ^came from the state of Alaine, having been born in 
 Aroostook county, June 29, 1862, a son of Henry and 
 Easter (Crouse) Russell. His father, a native of 
 New Brunswick, spent his life in farming, and died at 
 Norway, Alaine, in 1906, when eighty-two years of age, 
 while his mother, born in June, 1837, in New Bruns- 
 wick, still resides at Norway. Twelve children were 
 born to them, the doctor being the fifth in order of 
 birth, while three children died prior to his birth. 
 
 J. Harris Russell was educated in the public and 
 high schools of Washburn, Alaine, graduating from 
 the latter in 1879. In 1880 he made six voyages across 
 
121G 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the Atlantic, spending considerable time in England and 
 on the continent. The doctor was in England when 
 the sad news of the assassination of President Garfield 
 was announced to the world, and never will forget the 
 impression made upon him at that time by the profound 
 sympathy and deep regret expressed by the English 
 people in general. Another incident of national inter- 
 est which occurred during one of his visits to England 
 in the same year was the winning of the derby by 
 Iroquois, tlie first American horse to win that event. 
 While in France he became acquainted with a Mr. John- 
 son, a Minnesota importer and breeder of Percheron 
 horses, who was purchasing agent for M. W. Dunham 
 of Illinois. Of him he learned of the great opportuni- 
 ties in the west for young men, and accompanied him 
 to Illinois where he staid one year and then in 1882 
 came to Beaverhead county, and located near Dillon 
 where he secured employment as a cowboy on the 
 range for Poindexter & Orr, which occupation he fol- 
 lowed for eight years. At the end of that period he 
 came to Great Falls and erected the first greenhouse in 
 that city which he conducted until 1893, and then spent 
 four more years near the same city at market garden- 
 ing. In i8q 7 he returned to the east, and in 1900 
 entered the Maryland Medical College, from which he 
 was graduated in June, 1904. He remained in the 
 practice of his profession for one year in Baltimore, 
 i)eing assistant demonstrator of obstetrics in his alma 
 mater and chief of clinic to the chair of diseases of 
 ear, nose and throat. On his return to Montana, he lo- 
 cated first at Fort Benton, where he was engaged in prac- 
 tice for two and one-half years and was surgeon to St. 
 Clare hospital and county physician of Chouteau county, 
 and since that time has resided in Cascade. His skill 
 in his chosen profession was soon recognized, and his 
 Imsiness has grown from the start, each year showing 
 a healthy increase. The Cascade hospital is a well 
 organized institution, and under the doctor’s able man- 
 agement has become a leader in its field. In the line 
 of public service Dr. Russell’s activities have been such 
 as to give him a foremost position among those who are 
 aiding in developing the city’s interests. He is acting 
 in the capacity of alderman of the first ward, pure food 
 inspector and health officer, and has given to each his 
 best energies. He is a member of the Cascade County 
 Medical Society, the Montana State Medical Society 
 and the American Medical Association, and is fra- 
 ternally connected with Euclid Lodge No. 194, Madison, 
 ■Maine, A. F. & A. M., Somerset Chapter No. 15, Skow- 
 hegan, Maine, and De Molay Commandery, K. T. 
 
 Dr. Russell was married (first) at Great Falls, Mon- 
 tana, August 3, 1891, to Miss Rose Bradley, of North 
 Dakota, daughter of H. M. Bradley, of Rutland, North 
 Dakota, and she died in 1901, having had two chil- 
 dren; Harold, born May 16, 1893; and Vernon M., 
 July I, 1897, both at Great Falls. On September 5 , 
 1906, Dr Russell married (second) Fort Benton, Mon- 
 tana, Miss Bertha Morrow, daughter of Malcolm Mor- 
 row, a native of Montana, an old pioneer stockman of 
 Rock Creek, Montana. 
 
 Hon. William F. Meyer. The untimely passing of 
 Hon. Wm. F. Meyer on the 25th day of October, 1912, 
 at Butte, Montana, cut short a career of large public use- 
 fulness on the part of one of Montana’s most loyal and 
 best loved citizens. For almost twenty years past his 
 energies have been devoted to public life as the serv- 
 ant of the people and he was serving in the senate at 
 the time of his death, as well as being the Republican 
 candidate for Congressman from his district. During 
 his active service, many far-reaching improvements came 
 to the state as the result of his untiring work in the 
 senate, and no session passed unmarked by effort of 
 his to improve conditions in his district. 
 
 ^ Born in Ripon, Wisconsin, on March 3, 1857, Wil- 
 liam F. Meyer was the son of George W. and Bertha 
 W. (Higginbotham) Meyer, natives of Hanover and 
 
 Westphalia, Germany, respectively. George W. Meyer 
 was the son of William E. Meyer, who was a captain 
 in the Germany army and served under Blucher and 
 participated in the Battle of Waterloo. In 1848 George 
 Meyer came to the United States, taking up his resi- 
 dence in the state of Wisconsin, which has been so 
 heavily settled by sturdy German stock of a high order. 
 
 William F. Meyer was one of a large family of eleven 
 children. He received a good education, however, his 
 common school course being followed by attendance at 
 Ripon College, from which he was graduated in 1882. 
 He came direct to Montana after finishing his studies, 
 settling in Billings, soon after which he removed to 
 Park City and there opened a lumber yard. He also 
 filed on a government homestead, which he proceeded 
 to improve, and in the leisure hours devoted himself 
 assiduously to the study of law. Two years later, so 
 well had he applied himself to his task, he was ad- 
 mitted to the bar, and almost immediately he removed 
 to Red Lodge, there engaging in general practice, and 
 continumg to make this city his home until death called 
 him. For a time he was associated in a partnership 
 with J. W. Chapman and Paul Breteche in the banking 
 business, that association having been formed in 1895, 
 but upon the death of Mr. Breteche in 1898 the institu- 
 tion was continued under the name of the Banking 
 House of Meyer & Chapman, these two gentlemen being 
 the sole owners. In 1898 Mr. Meyer erected a mag- 
 nificent brick building in which the bank found its 
 home, and there also Mr. Meyer maintained his law 
 offices. In later years they established two branch 
 banks, — one being a private bank at Belfrey, and the 
 other a state bank at Park City. 
 
 Mr. Meyer’s public career began in 1895 when he 
 was elected on the Republican ticket to the state senate 
 from his district. In 1900 his re-election followed, and 
 it was during his term of office that he introduced the 
 bill creating Carbon county, — a fact which caused him 
 to be known thereafter as “The Father of Carbon 
 County.” Not this bill alone may be laid at his door, 
 but he fathered many of the most important bills that 
 were presented and passed in the state senate in th^ 
 last decade. He introduced, among many others ol 
 equal importance, the bill to prohibit the slag of coat 
 mines being dumped into the streams, and he also ir 
 troduced a bill imposing a tax on cattle brought in froni 
 other states. He was serving his district as senator 
 at the time of his death, and was the candidate of his 
 party for congressman from his district. 
 
 On July I, 1884, Mr. Meyer was united in marriage 
 with Miss Alice C. Adams, the daughter of Thomas 
 Adams, who was born in the north of Ireland, and who 
 was a resident of Fond du Lac county at the time of 
 his death. Mrs. Meyer was born in Ripon, Wisconsin, 
 as was also her husband. One child was born to 
 them: William F. Meyer, Jr., born March 26, 1899. 
 
 Mr. Meyer was a member of the Benevolent Protec- 
 tive Order of Elks, with affiliation in Bear Tooth Lodge 
 No. 534, and of the Masonic fraternity. Royal Arch 
 degree. 
 
 The Daily Gazette of Butte, said in part concerning 
 the funeral of the late senator ; “Braving in solemn 
 silence the blizzard of yesterday, an immense con- 
 course of citizens with saddened hearts wended their 
 way through the storm to the open grave on the hill and 
 there witnessed the last ministrations of human hands 
 and hearts as the casket containing the mortal remains 
 of the late Senator William F. Meyer was tenderly 
 consigned to Mother Earth. The funeral took place 
 from the family residence on Hauser avenue and despite 
 the inclemency of the weather hundreds turned out to 
 pay their last respects, and people came in from all over 
 the country silently to honor the memory of the dead ' 
 legislator. The Masons of Billings and the Bar of • 
 Yellowstone county were represented two-score strong. 
 Following out the wishes of the bereaved widow, the 
 services were extremely simple. The obsequies were 
 

 
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I 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1217 
 
 •, conducted at the house and at the open grave by the 
 i Masonic bodies of Red Lodge and Billings, and the local 
 I lodge of Elks also turned out in a body. The four 
 I Protestant clergymen of the city officiated jointly, 
 i Hon. John M. Evans of Missoula, Democratic candi- 
 
 I date for congress, attended the funeral, accompanied 
 by Hon. T. J. Walsh of Helena, candidate for the 
 United States senate. Other prominent people in at- 
 tendance were Mayor W. J. Deegan, of Cody, Wyom- 
 ing; Col. O. E. Goddard, Judge J. R. Goss, Judge 
 George W. Pierson and A. C. Logan of Billings, and 
 Judge C. L. Crum, of Eorsyth. Standing beside the 
 casket of his dead friend and late political opponent, 
 Mr. Evans pronounced a splendid eulogy. It \yas an 
 oration feelingly delivered and high in the praises of 
 the sterling virtues of the dead statesman. Mrs. Meyer 
 has been deluged with messages of sympathy and con- 
 dolence from prominent Montana people and from cit- 
 izens of note abroad, and all Carbon county mourns the 
 demise of its most distinguished lawyer and illustrious 
 public man.” 
 
 Joseph H.^gan. One of the thriving and well man- 
 aged concerns which add in material fashion to the 
 general prosperity and commercial prestige of the city 
 is that of Joseph Hagan, proprietor of the Model 
 Laundry. Although still a young man in years he has 
 given unmistakable evidence c ' no small amount of 
 executive ability and the business has experienced a 
 sound and wholesome growth. In the legitimate chan- 
 nels of industry he has won the success which always 
 crowns well directed labor, sound judgment and untir- 
 ing perseverance and at the same time he has con- 
 .cerned himself with the affairs of the community in an 
 admirably public-spirited fashion. 
 
 Mr. Hagan comes of the stock which is generally 
 acknowledged to be among the most intelligent, patri- 
 otic, industrious and upright of our great and won- 
 derful cosmopolitan population — the Swiss. His birth 
 occurred in the small, but interesting republic of Swit- 
 zerland on June 30, 1880. When an infant of two years 
 he crossed the Atlantic with his parents, who came 
 almost immediately westward and settled in Bozeman, 
 Montana. In the public schools of that place he 
 received his early education, and subsequently entered 
 the Montana State University, where he specialized in 
 commercial lines, becoming an expert in bookkeeping 
 and accounting. At _ the age of eighteen years he 
 secured employment in the building of the Bozeman 
 steam laundry and at its completion he secured work in 
 the establishment and learned the many details of the 
 laundry business. In 1009, he concluded to make an 
 independent venture in this business and organized and 
 built the Model Laundry Company, of Missoula, of 
 which concern he is president and general manager. 
 This laundry lives up to the full significance of its 
 name and is modern and well equipped in every way, 
 the quality of work done being of the highest char- 
 acter. The subject owns the major portion of stock, 
 and also has a half interest in association with his 
 brother John Hagan, in a laundry located in Seattle, 
 Wi'shington. He has made his way unaided and 
 belongs to that typically American product, the self- 
 made man. He is popular in this city, being recom- 
 mended by his honorable business methods and pleas- 
 lant, courteous manners. 
 
 1 Mr. Hagan’s father, John Hagan, late of Bozeman, 
 jis deceased. The maiden name of the mother was 
 liMary Koop, and her father, Joseph Koop, was among 
 liMontana’s earliest pioneers, having preceded the Hagans 
 (to Ajnerica. The immediate subject of this review is 
 i.unmarried. 
 
 ’ William W. Watson. A man of unflagging energy 
 land enterprise, with a remarkable aptitude for business 
 affairs, William W, Watson, of Lewistown, is keen and 
 
 alert to take advantage of opportunities, and as head 
 of the Crescent Electric Company is identified with one 
 of the large and solid concerns of the city, A native of 
 Wisconsin, he was born in Madison county, April 30, 
 1863. 
 
 His father, the late William H. Watson, was a native 
 of Geneva, New York, where his earlier life was passed. 
 He subsequently moved to Wisconsin, from there going 
 with his family to New Jersey, which was his home a 
 few years. Returning to Wisconsin, he lived in Mil- 
 waukee until the spring of 1882, when he settled in Mon- 
 tana, becoming a pioneer resident of Lewistown, where 
 he was actively engaged in the lumber business until his 
 death, August 17, 1894. A man of intelligence and abil- 
 ity, he became prominent in the public affairs of Mon- 
 tana, and served as a member of the constitutional 
 convention. He married Maria Woodbridge, who was 
 born in Connecticut, and now resides in Lewistown. 
 Eive children were born of their union, William W., the 
 subject of this sketch, being the third child in succes- 
 sion of birth. The two daughters are living in Mon- 
 tana, Louise being the wife of L. W. Reeder, of Lewis- 
 town; and Alice being the wife of G. hi. Stafford, of 
 Helena. 
 
 But five years old when his parents removed to New 
 Jersey, William W. Watson there gleaned the rudiments 
 of his education, attending the public schools until ten 
 years old. He subsequently completed his early studies 
 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, attending the grammar and 
 •high schools, and the Spencerian Business College. Be- 
 ginning_ his career then as a wage-earner, he worked 
 nights in the office of the Western Union Telegraph 
 Company at Milwaukee, receiving twelve dollars a week 
 salary, and later was connected with the Northwestern 
 Telegraph Exchange. Leaving Milwaukee in May, 1883, 
 Mr. Watson came to Montana, where he has since re- 
 sided, being firmly convinced that the business oppor- 
 tunities and resources of this state exceed those of 
 any other state in the Union. Eor a while he was asso- 
 ciated with his father in the lumber business, owning 
 and operating a saw mill at Reedsfort. Coming from 
 there to Lewistown, he was for a while engaged in 
 cattle dealing and ranching, but when the opportunity 
 occurred he embarked in the electrical business, becom- 
 ing connected with the first company organized in 
 Fergus county. In this capacity Mr. Watson constructed 
 the first telephone lines that were introduced intoTewis- 
 town, connecting this city with Big Timber and Great 
 Falls, making a good record for himself and revolu- 
 tionizing business affairs. During this period he was 
 also associated with the first lighting company organ- 
 ized in this section of the county, and installed the city’s 
 first electrical light plant. In 1909 Mr. Watson estab- 
 lished the Crescent Electric Company, of which he has 
 since been at the head and in its management has been 
 eminently successful. 
 
 Politically Mr. Watson is a steadfast Republican and 
 takes a warm interest in local matters. Socially he be- 
 longs to the Judith Club, and religiously both he and his 
 wife are members of the Presbyterian church. He is 
 fond of good reading, music and theatricals, and is es- 
 pecially interested in baseball, a game which he formerly 
 played well, being now a fan and a rooter. 
 
 At Bozeman, Montana, June 20, 1908, Mr. Watson 
 was united in marriage with Louise Dawes, a daugh- 
 ter of William G. and Maria Dawes. 
 
 Albert S. Hovey, one of the prominent civil engi- 
 neers of the northwest was instrumental in founding 
 the Montana Society of Civil Engineers, being a char- 
 ter member of the organization and having served it 
 in the capacity of secretary, treasurer and vice presi- 
 dent. Not only is he a leader in his profession, he is 
 in every respect a student and a gentleman, having 
 behind him generations of refinement and culture. 
 
 His learned old father was born in Lima, Livingston 
 
121b 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 coiintv New York, on the twelfth of August 1814, but 
 moved’ with his parents to Le Roy, Ohio, while yet a 
 child In 1840 and ’41. began the study of law in 
 Cincinnati, of that state. Simeon Hov^ was, however, 
 a man of the Abou Ben Adam type. He was wfo 
 loved his fellow men and the paltry quibbles of the 
 law did not impress him as a means to the end he so 
 hoped to accomplish. In order that he might be 
 some real use to mankind he then took up the s udy of 
 theology and received his degree m Cincinnati. H s 
 was the doctrine of the fatherhood of God and the 
 brotherhood of man. He taught in an ap made nar- 
 row by the iron bands of creeds, that I myself, am 
 Heaven and Hell" and “As a man liveth, so is he 
 He was known as a Universahst clergyman and called 
 l,v those of smaller faiths a disbeliever of the gospel— 
 the good tidings, that he lived and preached. Un il 
 1861 he devoted all his energies, both physical and men 
 tal, to the work which he seemed uispired to do, filling 
 char«-es in several parts of Ohio and Michigan. Tl e 
 strain of his efforts finally told on his strength and he 
 was obliged to seek a life in the open. Hence he rnoyd 
 to Bay City, Michigan, where he engaged in farming, 
 doing a little real estate business on the side. 
 
 Before leaving Le Roy, Ohio, however, he succeeded 
 in winning for his wife Mary Whipple, a young lady 
 who was born and raised in that Ohio town. She was 
 the descendant of William Whipple, one of the signers 
 of the Declaration of Independence and a colonel in 
 the Revolutionary war. Bishop Whipple who at a time 
 shortly previous to the Civil^ war, was devoting his life 
 to the Indians of Wisconsin and Minnesota, was a 
 descendant of the same stock. Miss Whipple, whose 
 people, even in that day, believed m education for 
 women, was a graduate of the Le Roy high school. 
 She was married to Simeon Hovey on the sixteenth of 
 April, in 1840. Four children were born to the union. 
 The 'oldest daughter, Anna Eliza, is now living^ at 
 Akron, Ohio, the widow of the late Henry Clarke. 
 Permelia, the wife of Oscar Hart, resides in St. Clair, 
 Michigan. The third son died in infancy. The son, 
 .Mbert S. LTovey, is the subject of this sketch. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Simeon Hovey moved their little fam- 
 ily from Bay City to St. Clair, Michigan, then to Men- 
 tor, Ohio, the home of our beloved president, Garfield, 
 and finally to the city of Cleveland. Here the father 
 passed away on the seventeenth of January, 1895, being 
 laid to rest in the quiet little cemetery of Mentor. 
 Mrs. Hovey survived him but one month, going to 
 join him on the i/th of February, 1895. 
 
 Albert S. Hovey, their son, was born on September 
 8, 1850, in Perry, Lake county, Ohio. After receiving 
 his early and secondary education in the schools of 
 Ohio and Michigan, he entered Willoughby College_ at 
 Willoughby, Ohio, being graduated from the classical 
 course of this institution in the class of 1872. The 
 next three years Mr. Hovey devoted to the study of 
 engineering at Ann Arbor, the state university of 
 Michigan. In 1876 he obtained employiment in the 
 office of the count}' surveyor in Cuyahoga county, 
 Ohio. This work was at Cleveland under the super- 
 vision of Clarence H. Burgess, county surveyor. 
 Shortly after he was engaged to survey the former 
 old canal bed in Cleveland, then occupied by and taken 
 over as the property and right of way of the Valley 
 Railway, being engaged in surveying property lines 
 then in dispute. Following this piece of work, he was 
 offered the position of assistant engineer and inspector 
 of harbor work on the Erie division, under Col. 
 John l\r. Wh'lson, major of engineers from 1879 till 
 1882.^ Col. John _M. Wilson later held the highest 
 position in the gift of the government as chief of 
 U. S. engineers. 
 
 In 1S82, Mr. Hovey came to IHontana to become chief 
 mineral clerk in the LTnited States survey at Helena. 
 
 He was in the office of John Harris, the United States 
 surveyor general. For four years he occupied this 
 position but in 1886 received a commission as United 
 States deputy mineral surveyor for Montana with 
 headquarters at Helena. In 1907, he moved to Port- 
 land, Oregon, and later to Tacoma, Washington. In 
 1908 he was appointed resident engineer. Twin Falls 
 North Side Land & Water Company at Jerome, Idaho. 
 On December 30, 1910, he returned to Helena, the 
 town of his choice, and here opened an office of civil 
 engineering. Mr. Hovey took this step that he might 
 be more settled in his private life. He is so well known 
 a civil engineer throughout the entire northwest that 
 his success was assured at the beginning of the new 
 venture and has full'-- fulfilled expectations. 
 
 Albert S. Hovey was married on the 2nd of April, 
 1895, to Miss Martha Tregonning, a young English 
 woman who was making her home in Montana. The 
 union took place in Butte, Montana. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Hovey are attendants of the Unitarian 
 church. Mr. Hovey is a very active Mason in the York 
 Rite and has held most of the offices in that order. 
 His business office is room 9, Union Bank & Trust 
 Company, Helena, Montana. 
 
 Ervin A. Richardson. A prominent merchant, 
 banker and club man of Forsyth, Montana, was born 
 in Steuben county. New York; the only son of Dr. 
 John W. and Elizabeth (Boyer) Richardson. His 
 father was a prominent physician, and a successful 
 business man, who died when his son was but six 
 years old. Five years later his mother passed away, 
 leaving him in the care of his grandmother, who did 
 not long survive the death of her daughter ; after 
 which, a married half-sister took him in charge at the 
 age of twelve years. 
 
 After being graduated from the high school, May, 
 1882, he accepted a position with the post trader at 
 Fort Custer, IMontana. Here he became acquainted 
 with the various tribes of Indians, and a few years 
 later became an Indian trader at Crow Agency, where, 
 by diligence and frugality during a period of fourteen 
 years, he was enabled to launch the Richardson Mer- 
 cantile Company at Forsyth. This was conducted on 
 the co-operative plan, and has proven a success, hav- 
 ing become one of the largest and most completely 
 stocked department stores in the state. Mr. Richard- 
 son has personally conducted the training of a dozen 
 or more men who are now wide awake stock holders 
 in the various Richardson mercantile co-operative stores 
 in Montana. 
 
 At the present time, he is not only president of the 
 Richardson Mercantile Company at Forsyth, but also 
 of the E A Richardson & Company store at Crow 
 Agency, and of the W. B. Jordan & Sons Company 
 of Miles City. He was one of the organizers and the 
 first cashier of the Bank of Commerce of Forsyth, 
 and is now the vice-president. He is also president 
 of the Rosebud County Fair Association ; and likewise 
 a member of the board of education, being a firm 
 believer that the future of Montana depends upon 
 the education of the coming generations. 
 
 Mr. Richardson has proven his ability to superintend 
 various enterprises, and safely conduct them to suc- 
 pess. He is a wide awake man of the world, and in 
 justice to him, it should be said, that in all his dealings 
 with his fellow men, he is honest and upright; a man 
 of few words, but a deep and careful thinker. He is a 
 loyal member of the Republican party, but displays 
 great wisdom and tact in taking no active part in 
 local politics. He is a member of the Elks order; of 
 the Billings, Forsyth, and Miles City clubs ; and of 
 the Pioneers of Eastern Montana. While he is not a 
 member of any religious denomination, his preference 
 is for the Presbyterian church of which his wife is an 
 active member ; but he is a loyal supporter of all 
 

 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1219 
 
 branches of religious work, and an ardent admirer of 
 all who endeavor to do good in the community in 
 which he dwells. 
 
 He married iMiss Lillian L. Woolston, daughter of 
 Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Morgan Woolston, of Beverl}-, New 
 Jersey, a lady well known as an active worker in both 
 religious and educational circles in Montana, and is 
 also rated as a speaker of ability. She is one of the 
 vice-presidents of the Montana State Sunday School 
 Association. 
 
 Mr. Richardson has watched the growth of the west, 
 and has played an active part in its development, being 
 one of the first men in the state to organize the co- 
 operative mercantile plan, which has not only proven 
 conducive to his own prosperity, but has also given 
 opportunity for greater usefulness to his employes. 
 Thereby he is modestly instituting a scheme which 
 will ultimately solve the industrial problems that are 
 now disturbing the whole nation. 
 
 Albert A. Blethen. There are certain staple articles 
 which have been an absolute necessity to the forward 
 march of progress and the advance of civilization. 
 Travel always has been the means of broadening man- 
 kind’s scope, the medium that has brought about our 
 present civilization and, naturally, travel has always 
 necessitated the use of means of conveyance. The 
 manufacture of carriages and wagons is one of the 
 time-honored occupations and for years has had in its 
 ranks men of the highest character. Albert A. Blethen, 
 proprietor of a blacksmith shop and livety at Harlow'- 
 ton, who for the past twelve years has been engaged 
 in the manufacture of carriages and wagons, has taken 
 an active part in shaping public sentiment when the 
 welfare of the city has been at stake and is_ a repre- 
 sentative of his community's best type of citizenship. 
 He was born in Waldo county, Maine, March lo, 1865, 
 and is a son of Augustus and Mary Jane (Boothby) 
 Blethen. Augustus Blethen was a native of the Pine 
 Tree state, where he spent his life in farming, becom- 
 ing a prominent agriculturist and an active worker 
 in his church. He died at the age of seventy-three 
 years, while his wdfe, also born in Maine, passed away 
 in her sixty-fourth year, and the}^ were buried side 
 by side. They had six children, of wdiom Albert A. 
 is the youngest. 
 
 Albert A. Blethen received his early education in 
 the district schools of his native vicinity, and as a 
 youth worked on his father’s farm. Subsequently, he 
 became a hand on 'neighboring farms, receiving a 
 salary of ten dollars per month, and out of eleven 
 months’ salary saved ninety dollars. From that time 
 until attaining his twenty-eighth year he was engaged 
 in working at various occupations, and then went to 
 Lowell, Massachusetts, where he spent about three 
 years, removal then being made to Portland, Maine, 
 in which city he was engaged in farming and garden- 
 ing for one year. Returning home, he worked in the 
 lumber woods for one winter, and in 1882 started for 
 Montana, where he arrived during the summer, since 
 which time, with the exception of a few years, he has 
 made this state his home. The greater part of his 
 time was spent in ranching and farm work, but in 1900 
 he decided to embark in business on his own account, 
 and accordingly established himself in the blacksmith 
 business at Harlowton, although he had never learned 
 the trade and had no previous experience outside of 
 what was picked up by him on* the various farms and 
 ranches on which he had worked. This venture proved 
 very successful, and he subsequently added a livery 
 business and also engaged in manufacturing wagons, 
 in which he has likewise proved his skill as a mechanic. 
 He has also made a number of valuable tools, the first 
 being a traverse-drill, which is still in his possession. 
 He is doing business in the oldest building in Harlow- 
 ton, which has become one of the best equipped and 
 
 Vol. 11—24 
 
 most complete establishments of its kind in Montana, 
 and the excellence of his work and the absolute reli- 
 ability which may be placed therein have gained him a 
 wide and profitable trade. 
 
 Mr. Blethen may be termed one of IMontana’s most 
 enthusiastic “boosters.” During the past quarter of 
 a century he has seen the vast grazing country and 
 undeveloped territory gradually develop into a flourish- 
 ing agricultural and commercial community, with large 
 industries and churches and schools that cannot be 
 excelled by any section in the country, and to prove 
 that he is sincere in his belief as to the future of the 
 state, he has invested largely in real estate holdings. 
 He is fond of all out-door sports, and also appreciates 
 good music, being himself a skilled performer on the 
 violin. Although his business has naturally made 
 him partial to the horse, he has kept up with the 
 progress of the times, and owns his own automobile. 
 Politically a Republican, he has never cared to enter 
 public life, but takes a good citizen’s interest in mat- 
 ters of the day. He is a member of the Episcopal 
 church, where his wife belongs to the Ladies’ Aid 
 Society and for years has been an active member of 
 the Altar Guild. Elected the first fire chief of Harlow- 
 ton, Mr. Blethen served in that capacity for four years, 
 during which time he did much to build up the de- 
 partment. 
 
 IMr. Blethen was married at Castle, Montana, Novem- 
 ber 29, 1899, to Miss Frances L. Smith, formerly of 
 Hull, Yorkshire, England. 
 
 Hon. George J. Wiedeman. Among the prominent 
 business men of Montana who have made a decided 
 impression by their personality, not only upon the com- 
 munit}'- wherein they have lived, but upon all other 
 sections of the state where they have become known, 
 none is entitled to more praiseworthy notice than that 
 genial, whole-souled gentleman, the Hon. Geo. J. 
 Wiedeman, of Lewistown, Montana. Leaving home at 
 an early age, and with limited advantages, except those 
 wrung by his own ability and force of character from 
 his environments, he has at all times exhibited an 
 unusual spirit of determination in overcoming obstacles. 
 
 A business man of rare judgment and far-sighted- 
 ness, he has been conspicuous as a molder of opinion 
 and a director of thought in all important matters con- 
 nected with the city and county in which he resides. 
 A man possessing a most generous and kindly disposi- 
 tion, one whose word is absolutely as good as his bond, 
 his place among his fellow men, in whatever relations, 
 business, political, or social, is one of the highest esteem 
 and confidence. 
 
 He was born at New Bremen, Auglaize county, Ohio, 
 on February 22, i860, both of his parents being Ger- 
 man. 
 
 His father, Frederick A. Wiedeman, came to America 
 in 1834, settling in New Brernen, where he lived the 
 remainder of his life. His wife was IMary Stroh, who 
 survived him a number of years, remaining at the old 
 home to the end. Their family of four daughters and 
 five sons are all living. Of these George J. was the 
 fifth. His childhood and youth were spent at home 
 where he attended school and performed as much of 
 the labor about the small farm as his age would war- 
 rant. 
 
 When he reached the age of fourteen, he decided to 
 go out and make his own way in the world, consider- 
 ing that the horizon of the home nest was too small 
 for him. During the succeeding seven r-ears he w'orked 
 at various occupations and in several different places 
 until the fall of 1881, when he, with his brother John 
 L., who was his senior by six years, determined to 
 follow the famous advice of Horace Greeley and “Go 
 West.” They had selected Fargo, North Dakota, as 
 their objective point, but not finding conditions to their 
 
1220 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 liking tlicy pressed on to Fort Benton, making the 
 journey from Bismarck by steamboat. 
 
 l-'roin here -Mr. Wiedeman continued on to Utica, 
 where he secured employment herding sheep for a year. 
 At the end of that time, he embarked in the sheep 
 business on his own account. He secured a ranch on 
 the East b'ork of Big Spring creek, about twelve miles 
 from wl'.at is now the city of Lewistown. Here he 
 carried on the business of sheep raising and wool, 
 with marked success, and sold out in 1886 to enter the 
 mercantile business which was really the work he 
 had always desired most to do. Fie now entered the 
 employ of T. C. Power & Bro., who operated a num- 
 ber of similar establishments in other parts of Mon- 
 tana. 
 
 'I'o this occupation he brought the energy, ambition, 
 and ability which have uniformly marked his career and 
 it was but a short time, until Mr. Wiedeman was 
 recognized as an invalualde member of the business 
 force. Continuing there until 1892, he decided to start 
 in business for himself, and organized in November of 
 that year the ^Montana Hardware Company, which is 
 today one of the best known concerns of its kind in 
 Montana, as well as one of the most successful. Pro- 
 gressive ideas and sane and wholesome business methods 
 have marked the operations of this house, and the 
 growth and present prosperity of the business are a 
 sufficient commentary on the commercial ability and 
 extraordinary powers of application, which have 
 characterized Mr. Wiedeman's life. 
 
 He is a member of the Alasonic Order, in the depart- 
 ments of Idue lodge, Knights Templar and Mystic 
 Shrine, and has filled all offices with credit, in the blue 
 lodge and the chapter. He is also a member of the 
 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and has served 
 his lodge as exalted ruler. The Judith Club finds in 
 him an enthusiastic and valuable member and he has 
 always been a moving spirit in any cause having for 
 its object the advancement of the best interests of his 
 Own home city, county, or state. 
 
 As a politician. Mr. Wiedeman has been ever zealous 
 and effective in his efforts in behalf of the Republican 
 party. He is known for a party fighter and it is 
 significant that he has been present at every conven- 
 tion since 188S. He has served his district in the state 
 legislature and was a memlDer of the session that created 
 Sanders county. Besides being the manager of the 
 Montana Hardware Company, he is prominently con- 
 nected with a good many other business organizations 
 in Fergus county. 
 
 On ,\pril 8, tSgo, jMr. Wiedeman married Miss Anna 
 M. M'eydcrt, the second daughter of Paul and Mary 
 Weydert, of Helena. 
 
 Mrs. Wiedeman was born at Helena, IMontana, in 
 1868. attending the public schools until her father re- 
 moved with his family to the Judith Basin in 1882. 
 .\t the age of sixteen she taught school and later at- 
 tended Carlton College at Northfield, Minnesota, and 
 the State Normal School at Ypsilanti, Michigan. Mrs. 
 Wiedeman i.s widely known as a most energetic and 
 tireless worker in any movement designed to promote 
 the uplift and betterment of the community, and holds 
 a high position in the society of Lewistown. She is 
 equally as sedtdous in the labor of the church and 
 charity as her husband is in business. 
 
 Three sons have been born to Mr. and IMrs. Wiede- 
 inan, and the rearing and education of these boys have 
 been the supreme interest of their lives. William, the 
 eldest, is associated witli his father in business, and 
 George. Jr., contemplates joining his brother larer in 
 perpetuating the success of their father, while Arthur 
 aged ei.ght and a half years, is still attending the schools 
 of Lewistown. 
 
 Ali„\n a. C.-^meron. With a genius for public af- 
 fairs and agricultural pursuits, which has enabled him 
 
 to give attention to both with very gratifying success, 
 Allan A. Cameron, the popular and efficient postmaster 
 of Bozeman, has found in the northwest opportunity for 1 
 full play of his productive faculties. Fie is a native of , 
 Carson City, Nevada, and was born May 2, 1874, a ’ 
 son of Don and Christiana (Blackburn) (lameron. ' 
 
 Don Cameron was born in the Province of Quebec, 
 Canada, of Scotch parentage, March 8, 1842, and when , 
 a young man, in 1866, removed to California and en- I 
 gaged in the contracting business. Not long there- : 
 after he went to Nevada, following the same line there 
 until the spring of 1882, at which time he came to 
 Montana, locating twelve miles from Bozeman in Gal- ! 
 latin county. He there carried on stock raising and 
 farming until 1906, which year saw his retirement from 1 
 
 active business matters. In politics a stanch Republi- 1 
 
 can, he served four years as tounty commissioner of 
 Gallatin county, being elected first in 1896 and again in 
 1898. His wife, who was born in Ontario, Canada, Jan- 
 uary 23, 1852, passed away in 1895, having been the 
 mother of four sons and two daughters, and five cliil- 
 dren survive at this time, Allan A, being the oldest. . 
 
 -Allan A. Cameron was educated in the schools of 
 Bozeman and the State Agricultural College, and his ' 
 first experience in farming was on his father’s property. 
 
 In the fall of 1902 he was elected to the office of county 
 clerk, was re-elected in 1904, and after serving two 
 terms, in the fall of 1906 was elected to serve in the 
 state legislature. He was a member of that body In ' 
 its tenth session, and in July, 1911, returned to the 1 
 
 farm and engaged in stock raising and tilling the soil . 
 until his appointment, July 23, 1911, to the responsible 
 office of postmaster at Bozeman, in which capacity he 
 has served ever since with universal satisfaction. Mr. 
 Cameron is esteemed and respected by a wide circle of 
 friends, exhibiting tow’ards all a courteous and genial [ 
 manner, and having the true westerner’s considerateness | 
 and hospitality for all his fellow men. As an official 
 of the people he is proving, and has proved in the past, ,| 
 a conscientious, public-spirited citizen, faithful and |[ 
 
 capable in the discharge of his duties. Fraternally, h'e 
 is connected with Gallatin Lodge No. 6 , A. F. & A. M. j 
 Bozeman Lodge No. 463, B. P. O. E. , 
 
 On November 19, 1902, Mr. Cameron was married to 
 Miss Gertrude Morgan, who was born in Leavenworth 
 county, Kansas, daughter of W'eckford and Elizabeth 
 (Morgan) Morgan, natives of Virginia. They had j 
 
 five children, Mrs. Cameron being the youngest. Mr. | 
 Morgan was a pioneer of the Treasure state, having 
 located in Virginia City, Montana, in 1864, and is novv 
 retired from business activities and makes his home j 
 
 in Bozeman, where he is widely and favorably known. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Cameron have had two daughters : Kath- 
 leen and Mildred. 
 
 Hon. Charles S. Hartman. Few men in the public 
 life of Montana have attained a more eminent place in 
 the regard and esteem of their fellow citizens than has 
 been the portion of Hon. Charles S. Hartman, of Boze- 
 man. Throughout a public career that began in 1884, 
 when as a young man he was elected probate judge 
 of Gallatin county, he has remained a type of American 
 statesmanship at its best, an exemplar of intellectual 
 honesty and high-mindedness in political life. As a 
 member of the committee which framed the laws of the 
 state of Montana, and as congressman, his one donn- 
 nant purpose was to seek out and follow the policies 
 that would best serve -the people, and at all times his 
 independence asserted itself and his devotion to con- 
 viction caused him to follow only the dictates of his own 
 conscience. Mr, Hartman was born at Monticello, 
 White county, Indiana, March i, 1861, a son of Sampson 
 and Mary C. (Heckendorn) Hartman. His father, 
 born in 1830, was a carpenter by trade, became a con- 
 tractor in Monticello, and died January 26, 1861, before 
 the birth of Charles 3 . Mrs. Hartman, who was born 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1221 
 
 > 
 
 in Pennsylvania, in 1835, survived her husband many 
 years, and passed away December 15, 1911. Three 
 children were born to them, namely: Walter S., who 
 
 is a member of the legal firm of Hartman & Hartman, 
 at Bozeman; A. D., who resides in Ohio; and Charles S. 
 
 The early education of Charles S. Hartman was se- 
 cured in the public and high schools of Monticello, and 
 at the age of sixteen years he began to teach school. 
 During the three years that he followed the profession 
 of educator he devoted himself assiduously to his law 
 studies, and after a preparatory course in Wabash 
 College entered the law offices of Owens & Uhl, at Mon- 
 ticello. In January, 1882, Mr. Hartman came to Boze- 
 man, Montana, and for one year acted as bookkeeper 
 for Nelson Story in his banking business, and then 
 entered the real estate business until he was admitted 
 to the bar in August, 1884. In October of that year 
 he was elected probate judge of Gallatin county, and 
 after serving one term of two years refused a re- 
 nomination to engage in the practice of his profession 
 with Judge Francis K. Armstrong, this partnership 
 continuing for some years. In May, 1889, Mr. Hart- 
 man was elected a member of the state constitutional 
 convention, and his services in that distinguished body 
 resulted in his nomination for congress in 1892. In that 
 year he was elected, and again in 1894 and 1896, but 
 in 1898 declined the nomination. In 1910 he was again 
 prevailed upon to accept the nomination. During his 
 former terms in congress the people had learned to 
 admire his independence and sound judgment, and he 
 was a conspicuous figure in the group of progressive 
 legislators who represented the aspirations of the mass 
 of the people. His utter fearlessness in denouncing 
 what he considered the unfair methods of various large 
 interests, however, had antagonized certain powerful 
 i cliques, and largely through the efforts of the Amalga- 
 ! mated Copper Company, he met with defeat. I\Ir. Hart- 
 ; man has since devoted himself to the general practice 
 of law, in partnership with his brother, his offices 
 being maintained in the Gallatin block. He is a man 
 of sterling honesty, positive convictions and an ag- 
 gressive temperament. These qualities, reinforced by 
 marked ability, have made him an active and useful 
 member of his community. His political tendencies 
 are those of Bryan Democracy. 
 
 On December 2, 1884, Mr. Hartman was married to 
 Miss Flora B. Imes, who was born in White county, 
 Indiana, the sixth in order of birth of the eight chil- 
 dren of William and'Malinda (Faris) Imes, both of 
 whom are deceased. Mr. Imes was for a number of 
 years engaged in the insurance business, hlr. and IMrs. 
 Hartman have had two daughters : Lois, teacher of 
 
 domestic science in the State University at Salt Lake 
 City, Utah; and Flora, a music teacher, who was mar- 
 ried August 21, 1912, to Roy D. Pinkerton and resides 
 at Glendale, California. The family is connected with 
 the Presbyterian church. 
 
 Loren W. Orvis. The pioneer merchant of Sales- 
 ville, Montana, where he has been engaged in business 
 for nearly twenty years, Loren W. Orvis has the dis- 
 tinction of being a self-made man, and one who has so 
 conducted his activities as to redound to the best in- 
 terests of his community. Miner, farmer and merchah- 
 dizer, Mr. Orvis has been a busy and industrious work- 
 man, but has found time to give to his city as a public 
 official, and through his ability and conscientious regard 
 for duty has won the unqualified esteem of his fellow 
 citizens. Mr. Orvis was born in Oakfield, Fond du Lac 
 county, Wisconsin, March 16, 1853, and is a son of 
 James and Julia (Lawrence) Orvis. 
 
 The Orvis family originated in this country in the 
 New England states, whence three brothers came prior 
 to 1600, in which year there was a George Orvis liv- 
 ing in Massachusetts. James Orvis was born August 
 15, 1818, in Vermont, and in 1845 removed to Wiscon- 
 
 sin, locating at Fond du Lac, where he was engaged 
 in mercantile pursuits. Subsequently he became the 
 proprietor of a sawmill, owning the water power and 
 building the mill at Avoca, Wisconsin, and being a 
 pioneer in that line of industry. For a number of years 
 he was also engaged in agricultural pursuits in Fond du 
 Lac’ county, but retired from activities some time prior 
 to his death, which occurred in 1885. His wife, born 
 in New York state, in 1831, died in 1885, having been 
 the mother of nine children, six of whom survive, of 
 whom Loren W. is the oldest. James Orvis was orig- 
 inally a Whig and later a Republican, served as a mem- 
 ber of the school board and in other township offices 
 for many years, and was' eventually sent to represent 
 his district in the state legislature. 
 
 Loren W. Orvis secured his education in the schools 
 of Oakfield, Wisconsin, and in 1875 removed to Canton, 
 Iowa, from whence he went to Calliope, in the same 
 state. For some time he was an employe of the Sioux 
 City & Pacific Railroad, but resigned his position to en- 
 gage in farm work at Eldora, and from there returned 
 to his home in Wisconsin, where he spent about two 
 years. In January, 1879, Hr. Orvis went to the Black 
 Hills and moved on to Bismarck, North Dakota, by 
 stage, spending about two years. On June i, 1882, he 
 arrived in Miles City, Montana, having traveled over- 
 land with his own team, and subsequently went to old 
 Coulson, Bozeman and Cook City. He was engaged in 
 mining and prospecting in the latter place, and later 
 at old Three Eorks and Toston on the Missouri river, 
 and in 1885 located near Salesville, where he was en- 
 gaged in farming. On January i, 1893, Mr. Orvis 
 became the pioneer merchant of Salesville, establish- 
 ing himself in a general merchandise business that has 
 become the leading store of its kind in this section. He 
 carries a full line of up-to-date goods, and has every 
 convenience for his customers. A man of the strict- 
 est integrity, the confidence in which he is held by 
 the community has been shown by his election to the 
 office of clerk and trustee of the school board for sorne 
 eight or ten years, where his duties were discharged in 
 an able and faithful manner. In political matters he 
 is an ardent Republican. He is a member of Salesville 
 Lodge No. 69, I. O. O. E., and was elected noble grand 
 in January, 1912. He has many friends in the order, 
 as he has, indeed, in business and social circles. 
 
 On August 17, 1891. Mr. Orvis was married to Mrs. 
 IMary E. Schmidt, widow of Paul Schmidt, and daugh- 
 ter of Robert C. and Lana (Spry) Thomas, and born 
 in Canton, Fulton county, Illinois. Her father, a na- 
 tive of Covington, Kentucky, born in 1830, was three 
 years of age when taken to Illinois by his parents, and 
 on reaching manhood engaged in a general merchandise 
 business at Canton. In i86g he removed to Carter 
 county, Missouri, where he carried on a general mer- 
 chandise business and grist mill until 1874, in which 
 year he removed to Jasper county. For thirty-four years 
 he was a resident of Nashville, Missouri, _ and was one 
 of the leading local preachers of the United Brethren 
 church. He was deputy sheriff in Fulton county, Illi- 
 nois, and while a resident of Jasper county, Missouri, 
 acted as assessor for many years. In the latter part 
 of his life he came to Montana, where his death oc- 
 curred in 1903, when he was seventy-three years of 
 age. He was married October 6, i853> to Miss Lana 
 Spry, who was born in Knox county, Ohio, in 1831, and 
 she died January 4, 1902, having been the mother of 
 ten children, of whom five are still living, Mrs. Orvis 
 being the fourth in order of birth. J^Irs. Orvis was 
 appointed postmistress in January, 1893, and acted in 
 that capacity for a period of eight years. She had two 
 children by her first marriage, Otto and Zulu, and she 
 and Mr. Orvis have had four children: Lora May, 
 
 who died in infancy; and L. Worth, R. Keith and 
 Lyle B. 
 
1 ^' 2'2 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Frank Foster has been a resident of the state of 
 Montana since 1882. He came here in his young man- 
 hood, being about eighteen years of age at the time 
 of his advent in these parts, and he has been more 
 or less prominent in the county since that time. _ He 
 has acquired a nice ranching property in the vicinity 
 of Paradise, and adds surveying and prospecting to 
 his other activities, so that he is easily one of the 
 busiest men in the county. 
 
 P)Orn in Santa Cruz, California, on June 18, 1864, 
 h'rank Foster is the son of Franklin B. and Annie 
 (Miller) l-'oster. The father was a native New Yorker 
 who came to California with, the pioneers of that state 
 in the days of “forty-nine" and he followed mining 
 there until his death, which occurred in 1864, when 
 he was in his young manhood, being but thirty-five 
 years of age at the time. His widow survived him 
 until 1906, and was sixty-six years of age when she 
 died. She is buried at Plains, Montana. Two chil- 
 dren were born to these worthy parents,— Frank of 
 this review and an elder sister, Marj', who is married 
 to Carlton R. Perrine and resides in Buffalo, New 
 York. , 
 
 Frank Foster was an infant less than a month old 
 when his father died, and when he was about four 
 years old his widowed mother went to Buffalo, New 
 York, and there they lived until the subject was about 
 eighteen years old. They came to Montana in 1882, 
 and settled first in Chouteau county, there remaining 
 for a year, during which time Mr. Foster gained some 
 ranching experience as a “hand’ on a cattle lanch. 
 He then went to Philipsburg and the Deer Lodp 
 valley, where he gave his energies and time to the 
 business of mining for something like ten years. He 
 was reasonably successful in the work, but at the 
 end of that time gave it up and came to Plains val- 
 ley where he engaged in farming for another decade. 
 Although he no longer is actively engaged in ranch- 
 ing, he still owns his place in the valley near Par- 
 adise, which is admitted to be one of the finest in that 
 vicinity. He has in later years devoted himself to 
 surveying and prospecting, and has been deputy county 
 assessor, an office which he has filled with all satis- 
 faction to the people. In the recent election he was 
 elected to the office of county clerk, and it is safe to 
 predict that he will discharge the duties of that office 
 in a manner consistent with his usual methods, thus 
 furtlier proving his fitness for public service. He 
 was elected on the Democratic ticket and has long 
 been a faithful adherent of the party, in whose inter- 
 ests he has taken an active part. Other public offices 
 have claimed his services, and he was at one time a 
 member of the school board, as well as having served 
 as justice of the peace, while he has served as county 
 surveyor in recent years. 
 
 No more enthusiastic Montanian may be found in 
 these parts than Mr. Foster, and he is well qualified 
 to speak of the possibilities of the state for the 
 future, in consideration of his work in its various 
 sections in his capacity of surveyor and prospector. 
 He believes the development of the state, great as 
 it has been, to be still in its infancy, and points out 
 the magnificent resources of the state^ in her water 
 power alone, which he avers will continue to attract 
 capital and industries for many years to come, while 
 the town of Thompson Falls he believes will one day 
 be a beautiful city. Mr. Foster is unmarried. 
 
 Hon. George IMcCone. The day of the open range in 
 Montana is now a thing of the dim and distant past, and 
 the great herds of cattle that once roamed the plains, 
 unmolested save for an occasional attack by the hostile 
 red-skins, have been replaced by bunches confined to 
 their owners’ properties by the barb-wire of civiliza- 
 tion. Along with the customs and usages of the early 
 days of the battle industry of the state are passing the 
 
 pioneers who came to this section to overcome the 
 hardships of frontier existence, to give battle to the wild 
 animals and wilder men, and to blaze the trail that 
 those who came afterward might lay the foundations 
 for the upbuilding of a mighty center of commercial, 
 industrial and educational activity. Among those who 
 still remain to relate as an eye-witness the thrilling ex- 
 periences of early Montana life, and whose connection 
 with the cattle industry for many years has made him 
 one of the best known business men of his part of the 
 state, is the Hon. George McCone, of Burns, now serv- 
 ing his second term as a member of the state senate. 
 Mr. McCone was born April 4, 1854, in Livingston 
 county. New York, and is a son of Isaac and Polly 
 (Griswold) McCone. His father, a native of the Em- 
 pire state, moved in 1855 to the vicinity of Herricks- 
 ville, Michigan, there dying in 1863. His wife was 
 born near Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1823, and still makes 
 her home at Herricksville, having reached the advanced 
 age of eighty-nine years. 
 
 After receiving a common school education, George 
 McCone began working for himself at the age of seven- 
 teen years, devoting his time to farming in the sum- 
 mer months and to working in the pineries during the 
 winters. He first came to the west in 1877, locating in 
 Indian Territory, where he carried mail from Fort 
 Reno to Fort Sill for one year. During the following 
 spring he came to Bismarck, and began carrying mail 
 from that city to Fort Keogh, continuing therein until 
 the fall of 1881 and having at the same time charge of 
 the United States government hay, wood and grain 
 teams between those two points. In 1882 he embarked 
 in the cattle business on Burns creek, forty miles north 
 of Glendive, and was the first man to bring cattle into 
 that locality, which at that time was not organized. In 
 July, 1882, he secured the contract to carry the mail 
 from Glendive to Fort Buford, and from there to 
 Wolf Point, and so continued six years, or until the 
 advent of the Northern Pacific Railroad. During this 
 time he had continued to carry on his cattle business, 
 to which he added sheep and horse raising, and for this 
 long stretch of years has been one of the leading stock- 
 men of eastern Montana. Mr. McCone recalls numer- 
 ous reminiscences of the early days of the state ; days 
 fraught with peril to the hardy pioneers who faced the 
 dangers of the wild country with that indifference to 
 hardship and privation that only the true American 
 pioneer can show ; the days of deeds of violence and 
 deeds of valor ; the days the like of which have hardly 
 a parallel in history. Through those days men’s souls 
 were tried, and those who have lived through them 
 are not wanting in courage ; neither can they be said 
 to be lacking the confidence and esteem of their fellow 
 citizens. Mr. McCone is the owner of 4500 acres of 
 land, about one-half of which is tillable, and in 1912 
 he had three hundred acres in wheat, flax and oats. 
 Although his cattle no longer roam the open range, he 
 still keeps large herds, and finds a ready sale for his 
 animals in the large markets. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. McCone was married at Sidney, Montana, 
 to Miss Mattie Newlon, a native of Peoria, Illinois, 
 and daughter of W. W. Newlon, who came to the Yel- 
 lowstone valley in 1879. Three children were born to 
 this union, namely; LeRoy, born in 1886, was married in 
 1906 to Mida Finlev, a native of Michigan; Lydia, born 
 in i8qo, married Charles Lorenzo Hood, and has one 
 son, Milton Lorenzo ; and Alice, born in 1896, residing 
 at home. On October i, 1908, Mr. McCone was mar- 
 ried to Miss Viola Bowers, a native of Michigan, and 
 daughter of Henry H. and Orrissa (Rosencrants) 
 Bowers, natives of Michigan. Mr. Bowers, who has 
 been engaged in farming throughout a long and hon- 
 orable career, now resides at Grand Rapids. Two chil- 
 dren were born to Mr. and Mrs. Bowers : Mrs. Mc- 
 Cone and Mrs. Colin P. Campbell, the latter the wife of 
 a prominent Grand Rapids attorney and politician, who 
 
-- ’"i-ll 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1223 
 
 at one time was speaker of the Michigan house of rep- 
 resentatives. Mr. and Mrs. McCone have had one 
 child, George Henry, born November 15, igio. 
 
 In his political belief a stalwart Republican, Mr. 
 McCone was appointed a member of the first board of 
 county commissioners, and in the first general election, 
 in 1882, was elected to that office, being re-elected- each 
 succeeding year until 1900. In that fall he was selected 
 to represent his district in the general assembly, and 
 after serving that term was sent to' the senate, being 
 subsequently re-elected. A prominent Mason, he is a 
 member of Glendive Lodge, Yellowstone Chapter and 
 Damascus Commandery, all of Glendive, and in each 
 of these he has numerous warm friends. Mrs. Mc- 
 Cone is a member of the Episcopal church. A lady of 
 culture and refinement, she presides over the Glendive 
 home with gracious hospitality, and is a general favorite 
 in social circles of the city. Her husband spends his 
 time between the city home and the ranch, in the 
 vicinity of both of which he is widely known and most 
 thoroughly esteemed. 
 
 George W. B.vker. Now living in comfortable retire- 
 ment after many years spent in successful agricultural 
 operations, George W. Baker, of McLeod, Sweet Grass 
 county, enjoys the respect and esteem of his community, 
 and is recognized as one of the men to whose progressive 
 spirit this section owes much of its prosperity. More 
 than a quarter of a century ago he introduced the grow- 
 ing of alfalfa into this locality, braved the ridicule of- 
 those who claimed this product not be produced with 
 success here, and vindicated his judgment by building up 
 a large and prosperous enterprise. Mr. Baker, like many 
 of the successful residents of Montana, is a product of 
 ? the New England States, having been born in Essex, 
 Chittenden county, Vermont, December 28, 1840. His 
 father, Nahum Baker, was born in the same county in 
 1812, and in 1852 removed to the state of New York, 
 where he was engaged in farming until 1856, then 
 going to Fillmore county, Minnesota. He there took up 
 a government tract, the deed for which was signed by 
 Abraham Lincoln, and continued operations until 1885, 
 
 I then removing to Gallatin (now Sweet Grass) county, 
 Montana, where his death occurred in 1889. Originally a 
 Whig, he later joined the ranks of the_ Republican 
 party and was steadfast in his support of its principles 
 I and candidates. Mr. Baker married Clarissa Cutting, 
 
 I who was born in 1813 and died in 1890. and they had 
 ' three sons : George W. ; Leslie, who died at the age of 
 thirty-seven years ; and Holloway, who was thirty years 
 old at the time of his death. 
 
 George W. Baker was educated in the public schools 
 { of Vermont, New York and Minnesota, and was nine- 
 i teen years of age when he left the parental roof. On 
 i March 24, 1859, he started overland from Spring Valley, 
 1 Minnesota, with an ox-team, bound for California, and 
 j arrived at Wyreka, September 21st. There he secured 
 employment working on a ranch, where during the 
 next three years he received thirty-five dollars a month, 
 and then went to Red Bluff. California, and engaged 
 in farming for himself. Subsequently he followed 
 teaming to different points for two years,_and in 1867 
 removed to Silver City, Idaho, with a freight team of 
 his own, carrying goods purchased in California, and 
 arriving in Idaho disposed of his goods and rnule teams 
 and for about five years was engaged in mining with 
 varied success. Going thence to Minnesota, he was 
 married in 1875, after which he went to Nevada and 
 resumed the teaming business, working between Car- 
 son City and Bodie and from Wordsworth south to 
 the mining camps, and to Silver City, Idaho. In 1882 
 ! Mr. Baker came overland to Gallatin county. ^Montana, 
 i and, locating at Boulder, engaged in railroad contract- 
 ing, getting out ties for the Northern Pacific. In con- 
 junction with this he engaged in hauling supplies from 
 Columbus to his camp on the Boulder river, a trip of 
 
 sixty-five miles by wagon, after which the goods were 
 packed twenty-five miles to the camp. Later he was en- 
 gaged in getting out logs, having entered land on the 
 government reservation, and in 1885 brought his family 
 out from Minnesota to the new home, Mrs. Baker 
 being the first white woman to locate on the Boulder 
 river. Mr. Baker then engaged in the cattle and horse 
 business, and later added sheep, and each year added: 
 to his landed holdings until he now owns one thousand 
 acres in Sweet Grass county, and has control of five 
 thousand acres for his range. In 1886 he was the first 
 to introduce alfalfa into this section of the country, 
 and the success which has met his efforts is ample proof 
 of the good judgment that prompted this innovation. 
 The Natural Bridge of Montana, which is known all 
 over the civilized world, is located on Mr. Baker’s 
 ranch. Several years ago, feeling that he had earned 
 a rest from strenuous activities, Mr. Baker retired, 
 and is now living in McLeod, where he is often visited 
 by his children, who all live in Sweet Grass county, 
 within a radius of fourteen miles. Since 1874 he has 
 been a member of the Odd Fellows, and his political 
 views are Independent, he exercising his right to vote 
 rather for the man than the party. In 1870, Mr. Baker 
 visited Minnesota. On the return trip, he left Omaha 
 in time to be at Promotory, Utah, at the laying of the 
 last tie and rail of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific 
 railroads, thus being a passenger on the first through 
 train from Omaha to Sacramento in 1871. In 1883, he 
 was present at the driving of the Golden Spike of the 
 Northern Pacific near Garrison, a station in Montana, 
 half way between St. Paul and Seattle. 
 
 On April 24, 1875, Mr. Baker was married at Cres- 
 ton, Iowa, to Miss Emma B. Cowles, who was born in 
 Wisconsin, and they have had four children: Pearl 
 born in Nevada, wife of Primus Bruffery, partner of 
 Mr. Baker in the stock business ; Mabel, born in Minne- 
 sota, wife of Elmer McConnell, a ranchman in Sweet 
 Grass county; Ralph, born in Nevada, also engaged in 
 ranching in Sweet Grass county, married Mamie Knight, 
 and Edna, born in Nevada, widow of Thomas Brather. 
 Christmas is always celebrated at the parent’s home in 
 McLeod, and on these occasions the children and eleven 
 grandchildren are present. The family is one of the 
 best known and most highly esteemed in this part of 
 the county, its members all being honest, industrious 
 people who are making their influence for morality and 
 good citizenship felt by their community. Although 
 advanced in years the father is still in excellent health 
 and spirits and, surrounded by his children, may look 
 forward to many years of contented enjoyment of the 
 fruits of his early years of labor. 
 
 James R. Goss. One of the best-known attorneys 
 practicing at the Montana bar is James R. Goss, a man 
 whose ability and profound learning as an attorney has 
 been demonstrated in the trial of many important 
 suits, as well as in sound counsel and legal advice, and 
 who has been called upon to fill various important 
 positions of honor and trust. Mr. Goss is a native of 
 the Empire state, and was born near New York City, 
 April 17, 1848. His . early education was secured in 
 Lorain county. Ohio, and he later attended Oberlin 
 College. In 1873, Mr. Goss turned his attention to the 
 study of law, and after prosecuting his studies for 
 some time, entered the law department of the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, from which he was graduated in 
 1876. 
 
 After being admitted to the bar, Mr. Goss engaged in 
 practice in Jackson county, Michigan, but in 1881, re- 
 moved to Bismarck. Dakota, (now North Dakota) 
 where he remained for one year. The year 1882 saw 
 j\Ir. Goss’s advent in Billings, Montana, and this has 
 since been his home and field of practice. In the prac- 
 tice of his profession ]\Ir. Goss has met with a large 
 measure of success and has become one of the most 
 
1224 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 prominent members of the profession in this section 
 of the state. He has served his fellow citizens as county 
 attorney and probate judge of Yellowstone county, 
 with unquestioned success, and has been president of 
 the Yellowstone Bar Association since its organization. 
 As president of the school board and as a member of 
 the building committee and one of the first trustees of 
 the Parmly Billings Memorial Library, which was 
 erected in 1900-1901, Mr. Goss has done much toward 
 the betterment of the schools and the general improve- 
 ment of this side of the eity’s civic life. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Goss has always been a staunch 
 Republican, and he is recognized as one of the leaders 
 of his party in Yellowstone county. He has been a 
 well-known stump speaker and has acted as a member 
 of the county central committee on various occasions. 
 He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for 
 many years. During the year of 1911, Mr. Goss was 
 the president of the Eastern Montana Pioneer Associa- 
 tion, an organization which included all of the eastern 
 counties of Montana, and whose requirements for mem- 
 bership were that the applicant must have been a resi- 
 dent of Montana before 1884. He has been one of the 
 leading citizens in Billings in the establishment and 
 growth of the Billings Polytechnic Institute at Billings, 
 a young but growing institution of the state of Mon- 
 tana, with a most brilliant future. He has been a 
 member of the board of directors of this institution 
 since its organization, and takes a great and active in- 
 terest in all its affairs and great pride in its develop- 
 ment. 
 
 Mr. Goss was married in Michigan to Miss Florence 
 E. Lord, a native of that state and they have one child, 
 Marion, now residing in Billings, a graduate of Oberlin 
 College. 
 
 Mr. Goss has always aimed to advance the best inter^ 
 ests of the city of his residence, believing that the com- 
 munity in which he has lived, and which has liberally 
 contributed to whatever success he has attained, de- 
 serves on his part a reciprocal obligation. His career 
 as a lawyer has been a long and honorable one. He has 
 achieved and maintained an e.xalted position in his pro- 
 fession, and is held in confidence and high esteem by 
 all who know him. 
 
 Frank W. Kinnev. In the beautiful and picturesque 
 hills overlooking the Yellowstone river in Dawson 
 county, Montana^, is situated the cattle and horse ranch 
 of Frank W. Kinney, an enterprise that stands as a 
 monument to the courage, perseverance and ability of 
 the youth who, some thirty years ago, arrived in the 
 city of Glendive with a capital of ten dollars borrowed 
 money, and who today is one of the leading stockmen 
 of eastern Montana. Frank W. Kinney was born in 
 Blue Earth county. Minnesota, November 23, 1857, and 
 is a son of Horace and Elizabeth (Darling) Kinney, 
 the former a native of New York and the latter of 
 Wisconsin. His father migrated to Minnesota in 1855, 
 and the remainder of his life was spent in agricultural 
 pursuits in that section, where he died in 1879, his 
 widow surviving him until 1894. They had a family 
 of five sons and four daughters, all of whom grew to 
 maturity, and of these Frank W. Kinney was the 
 second in order of birth. 
 
 P'rank W. Kinney received his education in the com- 
 mon schools of Blue Earth county, and grew up on his 
 father’s farm, remaining under the parental roof until 
 the older man’s death. He then began operations on 
 his own account in Minnesota, but a desire to see 
 more of the country, and. a belief that he could find a 
 wider field for his abilities in the west, brought him 
 to Glendive in 1882, at which time he had ten dollars, 
 this having been borrowed. He began his career on a 
 cattle ranch in Dawson county, entering the employ 
 of Charles Krug, and later worked for Griffin Brothers 
 for five years. Having been reared to habits of in- 
 
 dustry and economy, Mr. Kinney carefully conserved 
 his earnings and gradually invested them in cattle, 
 finally being able to buy a carload of animals, but this 
 auspicious start was nipped in the bud by the disastrous 
 storms of the severe wintej of 1886-7, when almost 
 every ranchman in this section lost the greater part of 
 his stock. Mr. Kinney did not allow himself to become 
 discouraged, however, but sold what little stock he 
 had been able to . save and invested the result of his 
 sale in horses. In 1887 he secured employment with 
 the ferry company at Glendive, and after three years 
 bought the interest of the owners, continuing to con- 
 duct the ferry until the bridge was built across the 
 Yellowstone river. In the meantime he had continued 
 to carry on horse raising, and eventually became one 
 of the leading horsebreeders of eastern Montana, usu- 
 ally owning from 300 to 400 animals at a time and 
 shipping to all parts of the country. At this time he is 
 starting to breed pure Percheron animals, and is de- 
 termined to accumulate one of the best droves in the 
 northwest. His fine ranch is five miles west of Glen- 
 dive, where he has 2080 acres, some of which is under 
 the plow, although Mr. Kinney is not a farmer, but 
 devotes all of his time to raising horses. On this land 
 is situated a fine cement block house, with ten rooms, 
 modern in construction and appointments, which he 
 erected in igii, and a modern, well-equipped cement 
 barn. 40x100 feet, which would do credit to any com- 
 munity. Mr. Kinney also owns a winter home at 
 Glendive, where he has a brick block rented for a 
 meat market business. 
 
 On February 14, 1895, Mr. Kinney was married to 
 Miss Ella Kennedy, at Mankato, Minnesota, she being 
 a daughter of E. R. and Lydia Kennedy, and a native 
 of Massachusetts, born near Boston. Three children 
 have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Kinney, aged as fol- 
 lows : Agnes, sixteen ; Harold, fourteen and Horace, 
 
 ten years, and all are attending school in Glendiye, 
 where the family makes its home during the winter 
 months. Mr. Kinney is a great - admirer of ex-Presi- 
 dent Roosevelt, but, outside of having cast his vote 
 and taken a good citizen’s interest in matters that affect 
 the welfare of his community, has not been active in 
 public life. He is a member of the Odd Fellows at 
 Glendive, and Mrs. Kinney is a member of the Bap- 
 tist church. At all times temperate himself, Mr. Kinney 
 has believed in temperate living, and his long and hon- 
 orable career is absolutely without stain or blemish. 
 In all of his dealings with his fellow-men he has shown 
 the strictest integrity and uprightness of character, and 
 as a result has the unqualified esteem of all who know 
 him. 
 
 Eli V. Rubottom. The largest business of its kind 
 in the northern part of Montana, and the oldest in the 
 state, the Como Company of Great Falls was founded 
 as a small retail paint store something more than 
 twenty years ago and has been developed to its present 
 large proportions through the ability of its president, 
 Eli V. Rubottom, a business man of the foremost rank, 
 whose prominence in the commercial life of his adopted 
 community has come as a result of long years of stead- 
 fast endeavor. Mr. Rubottom was born in Parke 
 county, Indiana, February 5, i8s6> and is a son of Laban 
 and Anna (Hill) Rubottom. 
 
 Mr. Rubottom’s paternal ancestors were natives of 
 Germany and early settlers of North Carolina, while 
 his maternal progenitor, who also settled in the Tar 
 Heel state at an early day, came from England. The 
 great-uncle of Mrs. Anna (Hill) Rubottom, General 
 Mercer, was a noted Revolutionary general, and others 
 of the family have distinguished themselves in various 
 fields of endeavor. Laban Rubottom was born in 
 North Carolina, and in early days traveled over the 
 old Daniel Boone trail to the forests of Parke county, 
 Indiana, where he spent the winters in cutting poplar. 
 
O' 
 
 7 . 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1225 
 
 which in the spring and summer he fashioned into 
 pumps, gaining a wide reputation in his vicinity for the 
 excellence of his work. Although he was a Quaker and 
 as such did not believe in war, during the struggle 
 between, the states he was so firmly convinced of the 
 justice of the North’s position that he enlisted in the 
 home guards. His death occurred when he was only 
 forty-seven years of age, in 1871. He was married in 
 Bloomingdale township, Burke county, to Anna Hill, a 
 native of North Carolina and daughter of farming 
 people of that state, and she survived her husband only 
 two years, passing away in 1873 when forty-seven 
 years of age. Of their eight children, Eli was the fifth 
 in order of birth. 
 
 Eli V. Rubottom received a public school education, 
 and then entered Bloomingdale Academy, but at the 
 age of fifteen years, when his father died, he left school 
 to become apprenticed to a house painter, it being 
 necessary that he should begin to do something toward 
 his own support. When he had spent three years as an 
 apprentice, 'he began to work at his trade as a journey- 
 man, and as such, in 1877, removed to Kansas City, 
 Missouri, where he continued to reside for some time. 
 Subsequently he went to Colorado, where he spent 
 the greater part of the next five years working for the 
 Union Pacific Railroad, on the Kansas Division, but 
 on August 6, 1882, arrived at Glendive, Montana, to 
 take charge of the painting department of the Northern 
 Pacific, under S. R. Ainslie. He continued in that com- 
 pany’s service until December 15, 1883, when he re- 
 moved to Helena, and on May 8, 1885, made removal to 
 Butte, which city was his field of endeavor until Janu- 
 ary 24, 1886. At that time, with Fred Avery, Mr. 
 Rubettom started on one of the most interesting trips 
 he has ever made, a journey of seven days in a four- 
 horse team, to a sheep ranch situated thirty-five miles 
 northwest of Choteau, owned by Mr. Rubottom. He 
 continued to stay in that locality until disposing of the 
 property, in the middle of August, 1886, at which time 
 he came to Great Falls to establish himself as a con- 
 tractor, a business to which he devoted his interests 
 and energies until 1890. On February 20, 1890, Mr. 
 Rubottom went to Ottumwa, Iowa, and was there mar- 
 ried to Miss Julietta Carter, daughter of W. S. Carter, 
 a pioneer of that city, and on his return from his wed- 
 ding journey established himself in business in a rented 
 store at No. 123 Central avenue, as proprietor of an 
 establishment for the sale of paints, wall paper, window 
 glass, brushes and all kindred articles, the first store 
 of its kind established in the state. Building operations 
 were proceeding with great activity at that time and 
 the establishment filled a long-felt want, the business 
 proving a success from its inception. From a small 
 though enterprising venture, it grew rapidly year by 
 year, and in 1893 the Como Company was organized, 
 the firm being incorporated during July of that year 
 with Mr. Rubottom as president. This is the largest 
 wholesale and retail business of its kind in the northern 
 part of the state, and the success which has marked 
 its growth is but a just reward to the poor orphan lad 
 who reached Montana with a capital of a little over 
 four dollars thirty years ago. Mr. Rubottom is a 
 stalwart Republican in politics and takes a great deal 
 of interest in public matters. His activities, however, 
 have been more in the line of directing than in active 
 participation as an office holder, as on several occasions 
 he has refused the nomination for the mayoralty. He 
 is a member of the Electric Club and of the Merchants 
 Association, and has passed through the chairs of the 
 Knights of Pythias, the Odd Fellows, and the A. O. 
 U. W., in all of which organizations he is deservedly 
 popular. His religious connection is with the Congre- 
 gational church, of which he has acted as treasurer 
 and trustee for a number of years. He has evidenced 
 his faith in the future of Great Falls by investing heavily 
 in real estate, and in addition to the company’s store. 
 
 at 319 Central avenue, owns a handsome residence at 
 No. 924 Third avenue. North. 
 
 Mr. and .Mrs. Rubottom have had two children : Car- 
 ter V., born November 24, 1^0, and now in his third 
 year as a student in the Agricultural College, at Boze- 
 man ; and Anna L., born September 3, 1892, who is 
 attending a young ladies’ school at Washington, D. C. 
 
 Bernard L. Powers. For thirty-one years Bernard 
 L. Powers has practiced his profession in Havre and 
 Fort Benton, Montana, and no lawyer in the district 
 has found more secure place in the confidence and 
 esteem of the public than has he in the passing years. 
 Coming to Fort Benton in 1882, almost immediately 
 after being admitted to the bar, he soon found favor 
 in the community, and Chouteau county has since that 
 time given him a sufficient field for the practice of his 
 profession. He has occupied a number of offices of 
 prominence in the county, and was elected to the office 
 of county attorney at the general election in November, 
 1893, and was reelected for two successive terms. At 
 the general November election, 1903, was elected to 
 the office of county auditor and served as the first 
 county auditor of Chouteau county, in November, 1910, 
 was again elected to the office of county attorney and 
 served in that capacity during the period in which the 
 counties of Hill and Blaine were carved out of the 
 territory comprising Chouteau county. His reputation is 
 built upon solid accomplishment, backed b}" the splendid 
 attributes of character which have ever been his, and 
 no citizen of Fort Benton has been more active in com- 
 munal life of the city than he has. 
 
 Born in Pittsfield, Maine, on July 26, 1857, Bernard 
 L. Powers is the son of Philip and Sophronie (Math- 
 ews) Powers, both borne and reared in Maine, and 
 both now deceased. These worthy parents reared a 
 goodly family of eleven children, of which number the 
 subject was the ninth in order of birth, and of which 
 eleven, nine are yet living. The names of the family 
 in the respective order of birth, are given as follows, 
 with slight mention of present residence and circum- 
 stances : Hannibal resided in Pittsfield, Maine, and 
 
 now deceased; Jacob M., of Great Falls, Montana; 
 Frank, of Canton, Montana; Winnifred, now deceased; 
 A. T., of Seattle, Washington ; Inez, the wife of Har- 
 vey Kene, of Townsend, Montana; Vesta E., the widow 
 of John Walker, of Townsend, Montana; Etta, the wife 
 of C. F. Kennedy, living in Ohio ; B. L., of this review ; 
 Araminta S., unmarried, and living in Seattle, Wash- 
 ington ; and Philip K., of Dillon, Montana. 
 
 When he was five years old Bernard L. Powers 
 began attending the public schools in Pittsfield, and 
 there he lived until he was eighteen years of age, when 
 he went to Valparaiso, Indiana, and entered the law 
 department of the Northern Indiana Nermal College, 
 and in 1881 was duly graduated from that well known 
 institution. He was admitted to the bar soon there- 
 after. and his first move was in a westerly direction, 
 bringing him to Fort Benton, Montana, where he 
 promptly settled down and opened an office. That was 
 in 1882, and it is significant of the foresightedness of 
 the man that he saw in the primitive towns of that 
 early day sufficient of promise to justify him in contin- 
 uing there in practice. It is a fact however, that for 
 thirty years he has confined his professional activities 
 to Chouteau county, in the towns of Havre and Fort 
 Benton. 
 
 As mentioned previously, a number of offices have 
 been admirably filled by Mr. Powers in the years of his 
 residence here, among them the office of justice of the 
 peace which he held, being first elected in 1882 ; the 
 office of county attorney in which he has served four 
 terms in all, and that of county auditor. 
 
 On December 18, 1887, Mr. Powers was united in 
 marriage with Miss Eliza J. Johnstone, the daughter 
 of Samuel J. Johnstone, of Fort Benton. The children 
 
1226 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 born to them are three in number : Anna M., attend- 
 
 ing school in Bozeman ; Philip A., of Fort Benton, and 
 Bernard L., Jr., who died in infancy. The wife and 
 mother died in 1892, and is resting in Riverside cemetery, 
 in Fort Benton. She was a ihember of the Methodist 
 church of Fort Benton, and was active and prominent 
 in all the various departments of its work. 
 
 i\lr Powers is a member of the Benton Lodge No. 
 25, A. F. & A. i\I., and of Chouteau Chapter No. 19, and 
 The Royal Arch Masons at Flavre, Montana. Fie is also 
 a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of 
 F.lks, Havre Lodge No. 1201, and of the Sons of the 
 .\merican Revolution. 
 
 He is a Republican in his politics and active and 
 prominent in the party ranks of Chouteau county. 
 
 Fuederick Louis Cole, the proprietor of the Cole 
 Plumbing Company, is the son of James Edgar Cole of 
 Coeur d'Alene City, Washington. This gentleman is 
 now eighty-three years of age, and is in charge of the 
 water ami electric light works of the city where he 
 resides. This town has been his home since 1891, when 
 it had just begun its existence as a municipality, so he 
 is numbered among its early settlers. Previous to 
 going to Coeur d’Alene, Mr. Cole had lived in New 
 S'ork, Wisconsin, Dakota, Iowa and Helena, besides 
 serving three years in the Civil war. New York was 
 the state of his birth, and from there he moved to Wis- 
 consin. It was from this state that Mr. Cole entered 
 the army, in which he served as a teamster. About 
 1870, he and his family, which then consisted of his wife, 
 Jane Elizabeth Stanley Cole, and two children, Fred- 
 erick Louis and an older sister, left Wisconsin for Iowa. 
 This journey was made overland in a covered wagon, 
 and none of the vicissitudes of pioneer travel and life 
 were lacking. Frederick Louis Cole was an infant at 
 the time of this journey, as he was born in Racine 
 county, Wisconsin, on January 30, 1869. When the 
 family reached their destination in the far country, 
 Iowa, which was then quite “west,” they settled on a 
 farm between Marshalltown and Trayer. 
 
 Iowa was the home of the Coles until Frederick, the 
 only son in the household of five children, was seven- 
 teen year.s of age. During this period, he attended the 
 district school, and the high school in Marshalltown, 
 from which he graduated. After this, Mr. Cole 
 worked with his father in the livery business until they 
 left Iowa and moved still further westward, settling 
 in Dakota upon government land near White Lake. 
 Here the father spent five years, from 1877 to 1882, on 
 the farm and his son remained with him. Together they 
 came to Helena, and here Mr. Cole went to work on 
 the city water works. He was a part of the force that 
 installed the system in Helena and he worked until it was 
 completed. Subsequently, he went to work for Mr. 
 -Arthur O'Brien, with whom he remained for two and 
 a half years. 
 
 In 18S6, Air. Cole set up for himself. His shop was 
 small and his start very modest indeed. However, his 
 business .grew steadily, and his equipment kept pace 
 with its enlargement. Hard work and good workman- 
 ship enal)led him to gain a foothold, and at present his 
 concern is one of the city’s solid establishments. 
 
 Fraternally, Mr. Cole is affiliated with the Inde- 
 pendent Order of Odd Fellows, with the Rebekahs and 
 with the Modern Brotherhood of America. In the 
 second-named lodge, he is vice-president. Mrs. Cole, 
 too, is a member of the Modern Brotherhood organiza- 
 tion. The Alethodist church is the denomination of 
 their choice, and Air. Cole is a Republican but not 
 active in the affairs of the party. 
 
 Mrs. Cole is a native of Helena, and began her life 
 there as Aliss Helen Keefe. She became Airs. Cole in 
 December, 1891, and her six children were all born in 
 this city. These are; Pearl Alay, born in 1892, a grad- 
 uate of the high school and also of the business college ; 
 
 Ruby Estelle, born in 1894 and now attending high 
 school, as is also Garnett R. Cole, two years her junior. 
 Emerald Glen, born in 1898; Rolla Bertrand, 1901, and 
 Fred Juell, 1903, are all pupils in the Jefferson school. 
 
 Air. Cole, having spent three decades in Helena, feels 
 that he has grown up with the city, even if he did not 
 arrive until after it had advanced from a mining camp 
 to a settled community. He knows the city and the most 
 of its citizens, among whom he counts a pleasingly 
 large company of friends. There his mother passed 
 away in 1908 at the age of eighty years. She was born 
 in South Carolina, and was very well known and much 
 beloved in Helena, the city of her adoption. Mr. Cole 
 combines the inheritance of southern sociability with 
 that of “Yankee” enterprise and both in business and in 
 a social way, he is one of the men who give Montana 
 her reputation for enterprise and open-heartedness. 
 
 Berkley J. Parsons. A well known resident of 
 Wibaux who is deserving of being classed among the 
 enterprising_ men of Dawson county, and one who has 
 identified himself with the stock business here for a 
 number of years, is Berkley J. Parsons, recognized as 
 an authority on horse breeding. Mr. Parsons is a na- 
 tive of Somersetshire, England, and was born October 
 17, 1871, a son of James William and Agnes (Game) 
 Parsons, both of whom were born in the mother coun- 
 try. Air. Parsons’ father, who died in 1893 at the age 
 of fifty-four years, was a farmer in England, and pre- 
 ceded his family to the United States in 1874, locating 
 at Hawley,_ Clay county, Minnesota, where his wife and 
 children joined him during the following year. He was 
 there engaged in farming up to 1883, when he removed 
 to Glendive, Dawson county, Alontana, and embarked 
 in the horse and cattle business. For three years he 
 successfully carried on this business on the range, but 
 sold his cattle and horses to raise sheep. He had 
 about 1000 head when the terrific winter of 18^-7 
 came on, and like many others in the same business he 
 suffered heavily from the storms,' losing about 400 head. 
 Resuming the horse and cattle business, he took his two 
 sons, Berkley J. and Arthur G., into partnership with 
 him, and this association continued up to the time of his 
 death. The sons continued the business until 1897, when 
 the partnership was dissolved, Berkley J. taking the 
 horses, while Arthur G. continued in the cattle busi- 
 ness. He and his wife, who survives him and makes 
 her home in Oakland, California, had four children, 
 three of whom are living. Besides the sons mentioned, 
 there is a daughter, Mabel Agnes, the wife of J. H. 
 Ferrall, of Oakland. 
 
 Berkley J. Parsons has gained and maintained a posi- 
 tion of prominence among the horse breeders of Mon- 
 tana. Having about 1500 head on the range in Dawson 
 county, he does a large business with eastern concerns, 
 buyers coming from Boston, New York City and points 
 in Pennsylvania. He also has had numerous profitable 
 transactions with Canadian parties. In business circles 
 his name stands for absolute integrity, and as a man 
 who has identified himself with only legitimate lines of 
 industry he is known and esteemed by his associates. 
 In political matters Air. Parsons is a Republican, but 
 the exacting demands of his business have made it 
 inadvisable for him to enter the public arena. 
 
 On March 12, 1901, at Oakland, California, Mr. Par- 
 sons was united in marriage with Aliss Ethel Robert- 
 son, who was born in New York City, daughter of 
 Alexander and Martha (Seyffert) Robinson, the former 
 born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1845, and the latter in 
 Berlin, Germany, in 1855. Mr. Robertson, a painter and 
 decorator by trade, now lives in Oakland, California ; 
 his wife died in February, 1912. Of their seven chil- 
 dren, four are living. Airs. Parsons being the second in 
 order of birth. Air. and Airs. Parsons have had three 
 children, namely: Ruth, Austin and Florence. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1227 
 
 Hon. O. F. Goddard. Biographical sketches of those 
 who have attained merited distinction in American law 
 have a charm and force in them that commend them to 
 every sound thinker. Interest is naturally felt in trac- 
 ing tlie footsteps of those who have reached elevated 
 positions in public confidence and have wielded their 
 influence for public good. Records of this kind are 
 calculated to raise the ministrations of law in public es- 
 timation, and are guides for the junior members of the 
 profession in their pursuit of reputation, distinction and 
 position. In this connection it is eminently fit that a 
 sketch of the li-fe of the Hon. O. F. Goddard, one of 
 the leading members of the Montana bar and an attor- 
 ney of thirty years’ standing in Billings, be given. 
 
 The Goddard family, the progenitor of which emi- 
 grated early from England and settled in the American 
 Colony of Virginia, has had many worthy representa- 
 tives of the various professions and have been promi- 
 nent in both military and civil life, and_ among theni 
 O. F. Goddard holds a place of distinction. Born in 
 Davis county, Iowa, in 1853, he is a son of Richard T. 
 and Elizabeth (Tannehill) Goddard, natives of Ohio 
 who removed to Iowa in 1842, where the father was a 
 successful farmer and where he died in 1892, the father 
 of four sons and three daughters. The early education 
 of O. F. Goddard was secured in the public schools 
 of his native vicinity, and at an early age he chose the 
 profession of an educator. While teaching school at 
 Centerville, Iowa, however, he turned his attention to 
 the study of law, and under the direction of his_ uncle. 
 Judge Tannehill, fitted himself to take the examination 
 that admitted him to the bar in 1880. After three years 
 spent in the practice of his profession at Corydon, Iowa, 
 he came to Billings in March, 1883, and since has won 
 for himself a distinguished place among the leading 
 legal luminaries of the state. Mr. Goddard is known 
 as one of the leading corporation lawyers of the middle 
 west, but is absolutely independent in his actions and 
 unhampered by restricting ties. His genial, wholesome 
 personality has made him numerous friends, even among 
 his opponents, while the unbounded vigor and action of 
 his movements denotes the highest type of healthy 
 American manhood. In addition to his extensive cor- 
 poration work, he has a large general practice, but has 
 found time to devote to the general public welfare. A 
 stanch and influential Republican, he is recognized as a 
 leader of his party in the state, and since the territorial 
 days, when he served as prosecuting attorney and assist- 
 ant district attorney under Judge Blake, he has been 
 prominent as a public official. In 1889 he was a member 
 of the constitutional convention which gave the state its 
 present constitution, and in that body displayed great 
 parliamentary and legal ability. During 1890 he was sent 
 to the state senate, where he was wisely chosen a mem- 
 ber and chairman of several important committees, one 
 of which was the judiciary committee, upon which he 
 served during both sessions of his term. In the session 
 of 1893, by his ability as a parliamentarian, he prevented 
 the election of a Democratic United States senator, and 
 thus earned the applause of his party in all sections of 
 the state. He was also chairman of the joint caucus 
 of his party, and as such rendered it important service 
 in both houses of the legislature. 
 
 Mr. Goddard was the gold standard candidate of the 
 Republican party for congress in 1896, when three- 
 fourths of his party deserted its candidate for president, 
 Mr. McKinley, and went over to Bryan and free silver. 
 Mr. Goddard made a campaign of the state alone and at 
 his own expense leading a forlorn hope in order to 
 maintain and uphold his party, and the wisdom and 
 courage of his stand in this time of political turmoil 
 and free silver craze, have long since been demon- 
 strated. This campaign in Montana, and the heroic 
 part played by Mr. Goddard is a part of his history. 
 
 Mr. Goddard in the year (1912) of kaleidoscopic 
 aspects of politics stood like a rock for President 
 
 Taft and the policies of the old Republican party with- 
 out shadow of wavering or turning. 
 
 Fraternally, Mr. Goddard belongs to the blue lodge, 
 chapter, commandery and Mystic Shrine of Masonry. 
 
 On January 20, 1881, Mr. Goddard was united in mar- 
 riage with Miss Alwilda Stephenson, who was born in 
 Ohio, although the marriage took place at Centerville, 
 Iowa. Three children have been born to this union: 
 Lora, a graduate of Drake University of Des Moines, 
 Iowa, and Michigan University of Ann Arbor, who 
 later took a special course in voice culture in Chicago, 
 is now the wife of William P. Rixon, a prominent real 
 estate dealer of Billings ; Helen, a graduate of Montana 
 University, class of 1909, now living at home ; and 
 Wilbur F., named for Mr. Goddard’s old friend. Col. 
 Wilbur F. Sanders, now attending the Billings high 
 school. No words of fulsome praise are necessary to 
 embellish the life and character of O. F. Goddard. He 
 is a patriotic citizen, a scholarly and able lawyer and a 
 dignified gentleman. No higher enconium can be be- 
 stowed upon any man. 
 
 Oliver T. Crane. A man of high mental attain- 
 ments, cultured and accomplished, Oliver T. Crane, of 
 Helena, is prominently identified with the administra- 
 tion of the legal affairs of the state, being standing 
 master in chancery of the circuit court of the United 
 States, district of Montana. He was born, November 
 14, 1855, in Wayne county. New York, of early colo- 
 nial^ descent, the immigrant ancestor of the Crane family 
 having settled in New Jersey in 1636. His father. Rev. 
 Oliver Crane, was born, April 12, 1822, in New Jersey, 
 in what is now known as Montclair. A Presbyterian 
 clergyman, he held pastorates in different places in 
 New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania, continuing 
 in the ministry until toward the close of his life, when 
 he became engaged in literary pursuits. He was the 
 author of several well-known works, among which may 
 be mentioned a translation of the “Avneid” of Vergil, 
 and a History of the Class of 1845, Yale University, of 
 which he was a member, a work that became v^ery popu- 
 lar, being considered a masterpiece. He lived to a 
 good old age, passing away in 1893. 
 
 Rev. Oliver Crane married Mary D. Turnbull, who 
 belonged to a family prominent in the early history of 
 the country. She was born in New York City, and died 
 in i8go. Of the four children that blessed their union, 
 one died in infancy, the others growing to years of 
 maturity. 
 
 Receiving his preparatory education in the schools 
 of the east, Oliver T. Crane, following in the foot- 
 steps of his father, entered Yale University, where he 
 was graduated in 1879. Three years later he was ad- 
 mitted to the New Jersey bar, and in 1884 to the bar 
 of Montana. In 1882 Mr. Crane, foreseeing the de- 
 velopment of the northwest, visited Dakota. Coming 
 thence to Montana in 1883, with a partner he was for 
 four years engaged in sheep raising at Miles City. 
 Disposing then of his ranch and stock, Mr. Crane re- 
 turned east, and for sometime thereafter traveled in the 
 far east, visiting places of importance and interest in 
 Europe, Asia and Africa. Returning to Montana in 
 1890, he located in Helena, and during the same year 
 accepted the position of reporter for the supreme court 
 of Montana, at the same time filling the office of mar- 
 shal of the supreme court. In 1902 Mr. Crane was ap- 
 pointed librarian of the State Law Library, and served 
 in that capacity, also being reporter for the supreme 
 court, until the autumn of 1905. Since that time Mr. 
 Crane has held his present position as standing master 
 in chancery of the circuit court of the United States 
 for the district of Montana. Mr. Crane is financially 
 interested in the mining resources of the state. He 
 is a Republican in politics, and, with his family, is af- 
 filiated with the Presbyterian church. 
 
 On January 6, 1892, Mr. Crane was united in mar- 
 
1228 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 riage with Gertrude N. Boyd, of Philadelphia, Penn- 
 .-ylvania, and they are the parents of two children, 
 namely: Gertrude, born October 30, 1893; and David 
 
 Boyd, born September 26, 1895. Miss Gertrude is now 
 attending Wilson College in Chambersburg, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and the son is at a preparatory school in Hud- 
 son, Minnesota. 
 
 Charles P. Nevin.. A former mayor and influential 
 and popular citizen of Montana’s metropolis, Mr. Nevin 
 is one of the most enterprising and substantial business 
 men and here he has won large and definite success 
 through his own well directed efforts. He is a young- 
 man of sterling character and is a native son of the 
 west, so that he is naturally inspired with its progress- 
 ive spirit and is loyal to its interest. He is a scion 
 of one of the pioneer families of Nevada and was born 
 at Virginia City, that state, on the seventh of February, 
 1881. Fie is a son of Dennis and Winifred (Donohue) 
 Nevin, both of whom were born and reared in Ireland. 
 Dennis Nevin came to America when a young man and 
 he established his home in Nevada in an early day, 
 having been engaged in the mercantile business at Vir- 
 ginia City for a number of years. In 1883 he removed 
 with his family to Montana and established his home in 
 the city of Butte, and here his death occurred on the 
 15th of September, 1885, as the result of a tragic acci- 
 dent in the mine of which he was superintendent, two 
 other men meeting death at the same time. Fie was a 
 man of admirable character and much ability, and he 
 ever retained the inviolable confidence and esteem of his 
 fellow men. His wife came from the Emerald Isle to 
 America in company with her sisters, and all settled 
 in Nevada, where was solemnized her marriage to Mr. 
 Nevin. It is worthy of special note that her three sis- 
 ters married three brothers of her husband, so that the 
 kinship of the respective families in America became 
 one of the closest possible order. Mrs. Winifred (Don- 
 ohue) Nevin continued to reside in Butte until her 
 death, and was summoned to the life eternal on the 23d 
 of December, 1900, secure in the affectionate regard of 
 all who knew her. She was a devout communicant of 
 the Catholic church, as was also her husband. They 
 became the parents of eight children, concerning whom 
 the following brief record is given : Dennis died in 
 
 childhood, before the removal of the family from 
 Nevada; Mary is the wife of Patrick S. Sullivan and 
 they reside in Butte ; George F. is likewise a resident 
 of this city, where he holds the position of assistant 
 master mechanic of the Anaconda Mining Company; 
 Martha became the wife of Thomas F. Sheehan and 
 both are deceased ; Margaret is the wife of Oscar B. 
 Comstock, of Butte; William H. is identified with min- 
 ing operations in Butte and formerly served as street 
 commissioner of the city; Charles P., of this review, 
 was the seventh in order of birth ; and Winifred is the 
 wife of John Donnelly of Butte. 
 
 Charles B. Nevin was about two years of age at the 
 time of the family removal from Nevada to Butte, and 
 to the parochial and public schools of this city he is 
 indebted for his early educational advantages, which 
 included those of the high school. In pursuance of 
 higher academic studies he completed the classical 
 course in All Hallows College, Salt Lake City, Utah, 
 and in this institution he was graduated, with the degree 
 of Bachelor of Arts, as a member of the class of 1899. 
 After being variously employed for some time Mr. 
 Nevin became associated with his brother-in-law, Pat- 
 rick S. Sullivan, in the purchase of an interest in the 
 Southern Hotel, in Butte, and this they conducted about 
 eighteen months, at the expiration of which they dis- 
 posed of their interests in the enterprise. Mr. Nevin 
 next turned his attention to the produce-commission 
 business, with which he has since continued to be iden- 
 tified and through which he has gained prestige as one 
 of the substantial young business men of the Montana 
 
 metropolis. At the initiation of his operations in this 
 line he became one of the interested principals in the 
 firm of Rabbit, Nevin & Company, which continued 
 under this title until the ist of January, 1910, when a 
 change was made and the business was incorporated 
 under the title of the O’Meara Fruit and Produce Com- 
 pany. Later Messrs. Nevin and O’Meara effected the 
 organization and incorporation of the Montana Produce 
 Company, of which Mr. Nevin is president and general 
 manager and Mr. John O’Meara is secretary and treas- 
 urer. The office and general business headquarters of 
 the company are at 749 South Wyoming street, in the 
 Olson building, and the enterprise is one of broad scope 
 and importance, with operations based upon ample capi- 
 tal and honorable business policies. This is one of the 
 largest wholesale produce establishments in the state 
 and the business is handled with utmost discrimination 
 and ability. Mr. Nevin is also president of the Cooney 
 Brokerage Company, which controls a substantial busi- 
 iness in the handling of merchandise products, and is 
 president of the Silver Lake Gold Mining & Milling 
 Company, representing another of the important indus- 
 trial enterprises of the city of Butte. 
 
 Mr. Nevin has been an active and effective worker 
 in behalf of the cause of the Democratic party and has 
 been a zealous and an influential factor in public affairs 
 in his home city. The strong hold which he has upon 
 popular confidence and esteem was significantly shown 
 in 1909, when he was elected mayor of Butte when but 
 twenty-eight years old. He gave a most admirable 
 administration, marked by progressive policies and care- 
 ful regulation of all departments of the municipal gov- 
 ernment, and he retired from office with an excellent 
 record in May, 1911. Fie has also been the candidate 
 of his party for other offices of public trust, notably that 
 of state railroad commissioner, but has met defeat with 
 the rest of the ticket, owing to normal political exi- 
 gencies. Mr. Nevin enjoys unqualified popularity in 
 both the business and social circles of his home city, 
 and here he is affiliated with the Benevolent and Pro- 
 tective Order of Elks, the Woodmen of the World, the 
 Fraternal Order of Eagles, the Knights of Columbus, 
 and the United Commercial Travelers’ Association,, 
 besides which he holds membership in the Silver Bow 
 Club. He and his wife have one baby boy, John Charles. 
 They reside at the Napton Apartments. 
 
 On the 24th of April, 1902, Mr. Nevin was united in 
 marriage with Miss Matilda O’Malley, of Butte. She 
 was born in the state of Nebraska and is a daughter of 
 Mrs. William P. O’Malley, who is now a resident of 
 Spokane, Washington. Both Mr. and Mrs. Nevin are 
 devout Catholics. 
 
 John Rothwell Reed, one of Butte’s representative 
 business men and the real head of Sherman & Reed, 
 Incorporated, one of the leading undertaking and livery 
 firms in Montana, was born in Audrain county, Mis- 
 souri, on December 7, 1866, and lived there until he 
 reached the age of seventeen. His parents were John 
 Wesley and Elizabeth (Rothwell) _ Reed, the former a 
 native of Boone county, Missouri, and the latter of 
 Audrain county in the same state. The father was a 
 dentist and came to Butte in 1881. T-yvo years later 
 he moved his family here, and he remained and prac- 
 ticed his profession in the city until 1906. Then, on 
 account of the state of his wife’s health, he took her 
 to Texas, and later they located again at their old 
 home, Mexico, Audrain county, Missouri, where the 
 mother died. She came of an old and prominent Ken- 
 tucky family. 
 
 Their son, John R. Reed, was educated in the schools 
 of his native state. He began his academic training 
 in the public schools and completed it at William 
 Jewell College, which is located at Liberty, Clay county, 
 Missouri. When he came to Butte he was a slender 
 youth of seventeen and not in very robust health. He 
 
f- 
 
 ■V* 't-' 
 
 : = 
 
 “• .. -s *-. 
 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1229 
 
 determined, therefore, to rough it for a while and 
 gather strength from an outdoor life. 
 
 Accordingly he turned his attention to herding cattle 
 on Montana ranges and the wild life that occupation 
 involved. His choice was a wise one and he profited 
 by it, gaining health and strength. The work in which 
 he was engaged was fraught with difficulties, but his 
 constitution was hardened to meet them. 
 
 Imbued with the spirit of the occupation and trained 
 in its requirements, he determined to engage in it on 
 his own account. He went, for this purpose, to the 
 Big Hole country and took up a ranch comprising about 
 3,000 acres, which he still retains and now, at any time 
 that he can leave the Butte business for a few days, he 
 can be found at the ranch. In 1888, having accumu- 
 lated some capital, he returned to Butte and bought 
 the livery business of Charles Shinn at 224 South Main 
 street. This business he conducted, making steady 
 improvements in it, until 1900, when his property \vas 
 destroyed by fire. He then formed a partnership with 
 E. H. Sherman, and afterward the business was incor- 
 porated under the name of Sherman & Reed. Plans 
 were at once formed for extending the operations of 
 the company and securing a complete equipment for the 
 purpose. 
 
 In 1901 the company erected the commodious and 
 convenient building it now occupies, and since then 
 it has been carrying on the most extensive business in 
 undertaking and livery service in the city, and enjoys, 
 as has been noted, the patronage of the most prom- 
 inent citizens, as well as that of all other classes. ^ Mr. 
 Reed owns the greater part of the stock of the insti- 
 tution, and he gives the business his whole attention. 
 He is well qualified to conduct it on an elevated plane 
 of completeness and excellence, and nothing below the 
 highest standard in every particular is tolerated by 
 him in its management and operations. 
 
 Mr. Reed has never taken more than a good citizen’s 
 practical interest in politics. His business occupies all 
 his time and employs all his faculties, and he has no 
 political ambition. But he is interested in the welfare 
 of his community, and he aids all he can in promoting 
 that. Pie was first married in March, 1896, to Miss 
 Martha Shields, who was a well known school teacher 
 in Butte. She died on March 17, 1902, leaving one son, 
 Wesley R., born July ii, 1899. Mr. Reed married in 
 June, 1906, Mrs. Laura McGarry, a native of Illinois. 
 
 Mr. Reed was the third in order of birth of a family 
 of three sons and one daughter. His sister Rosie mar- 
 ried with F. T. McBride, for many years a well known 
 member of the bar of Butte, and highly esteemed as 
 such. Mr. McBride is now a retired capitalist living 
 in Portland, Oregon. 
 
 Robert A. Carnochan. Born in Canada, reared 
 and educated in Illinois, and having passed the whole 
 of his mature life to this time (1912) in Montana, in 
 the service of the Northern Pacific Express Company 
 and in connection with the mining industry, Robert A. 
 Carnochan, of Butte, has had an experience in life that 
 has been instructive and developing in the way of 
 physical and mental training, interesting and spectacular 
 in incident and adventure, trying and exacting in dan- 
 ger and privation, and sternly and thoroughly useful 
 in preparing him for large affairs and success in busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Mr. Carnochan’s life began on April 2, 1862, in the 
 province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, but be- 
 fore he was two years old his parents moved into the 
 United States and located in Springfield, Illinois. He 
 is a son of Peter and Maria Jane (Petit) Carnochan, 
 the former a native of Scotland and the latter of 
 Canada. The father came to this continent from his 
 native land in 1858. Plis British birth and sympathies 
 took him to Canada, and he lived there until 1863. 
 Then, as has been stated, he moved his family to 
 
 Springfield, Illinois, and there engaged in the dry 
 goods trade until 1897. In that year he retired from 
 business and all active pursuits and came to Butte, 
 where he has since been living with his son, Robert A. 
 The mother died in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1893. The 
 father is now seventy-eight years of age. 
 
 Robert A. Carnochan was educated in the public 
 schools of Springfield, Illinois, remaining there until 
 he reached the age of twenty-one. He then, in 1883, 
 came to Helena, Montana, in the service of the North- 
 ern Pacific Express Company. While he remained in 
 the employ of this company he filled a number of dif- 
 ferent positions on its force, but most of the time held 
 that of route agent. His connection with the company 
 lasted five years and gave him an extensive and ac- 
 curate knowledge of this state, so that when he came 
 to desire other business connections it was easy for 
 him to make a choice advantageous to himself. 
 
 In 1888 he became associated in the mining busi- 
 ness with Messrs. Downs & Allen, of Helena, and 
 moved to Spotted Horse Mine in Fergus county to 
 take charge of the mine as manager. His residence 
 at the mine was filled with all the wildness of an un- 
 settled expanse into which the march of civilization 
 had not yet sufficiently advanced to make a very deep 
 impression. It embodies also all the raciness, excite- 
 ment and personal peril appertaining to the mining 
 camp remote from other human habitations, and gave 
 him a real feast of the wilderness, which, rough, harsh 
 and inexorable as it is, has charms more potent in 
 their seductive influence than all the lures of luxury 
 and sloth. In it Nature opens a theati'e of boundless 
 life, and holds forth a cup brimming with redundant 
 pleasure, from which one may fearlessly drink, gain- 
 ing new vigor and a heightened zest with every 
 draught, and finding no dregs of bitterness at the 
 bottom. 
 
 Mr. Carnochan was too much in touch with the 
 spirit of the place in his own adventurous nature to 
 fail to enjoy its spice for a period in full measure. 
 But he was also too much of a man of duty to be 
 willing to pass the remainder of his days in it. So he 
 sought again the haunts of men in another sphere, 
 coming to Butte in 1897 to take a leading position 
 in the employ of F. A. Heinze. Mr. Heinze knew his 
 ability, his integrity and his fitness for large business 
 enterprises. He therefore gave him free opportunity 
 for the exercise of his faculties, and he has ever since 
 his arrival in Butte been prominently identified with 
 the Heinze interests. 
 
 From his advent in the city he has also taken a warm 
 and helpful interest in pulalic affairs, and his risen 
 to a position of prominence and influence among the 
 people. Although he has never held or sought, and 
 has never even desired a political office of any kind, 
 he is a staunch believer in the principles of the Re- 
 publican party and a diligent and effective worker far 
 its success in all campaigns. The welfare of the city 
 and county of his home have at all times commanded 
 his close attention and his active efforts for its pro- 
 motion. No undertaking of value for their advance- 
 ment or improvement has ever gone without his ear- 
 nest support, and intelligence and breadth of view have 
 guided and governed all his endeavors in this behalf. 
 
 In the social life of his community he has mingled 
 freely as a member of the Silver Bow and Butte 
 Country clubs, greatly to their advantage and the en- 
 joyment of their other members. He has also taken 
 part in the general social life of the city and been 
 accorded high rank in it as a sunbeam in disposition, 
 a genial and companionable element in all its activi- 
 ties, and an ornament to it in grace, culture and re- 
 sources for entertainment. A genuine gentleman at 
 heart, he has been a courtly one in manner at all 
 times. He is well known throughout the state as one 
 of its best citizens, and is highly esteemed in every 
 
1230 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 part of it as such. On February 24, 1904, in Waterloo, 
 Iowa, lie was united in marriage with Miss Grace Mc- 
 Stay, a native of that citj'. i\Ir. and Mrs. Carnochan 
 arc well known in the best social circles of the city. 
 
 < 
 
 Andrew Jackson Wilkinson. In naming the prom- 
 inent men of the Yellowstone valley preference should 
 be given to those whose activities have tended to ad- 
 vance their communities, for it is to the efforts of 
 this class that the credit for the present prosperous 
 condition of this section is due. A resident of the 
 vicinity of Billings for nearly thirty years, during which 
 time he has achieved success as a breeder of stock 
 and assisted materially in promoting the interests of 
 his district, Andrew Jackson Wilkinson is also hon- 
 ored among his fellow citizens as a veteran of the 
 great Civil war. Mr. Wilkinson was born September 
 2. 1837 in Lincoln county, Missouri, and is a son of 
 James and Temperance (Knight) Wilkinson, the for- 
 mer a native of Virginia, who died when he was fifty 
 years of age. James Wilkinson came to Missouri when 
 a young man with his father, William Wilkinson, and 
 was a pioneer farmer and stock raiser in Lincoln county. 
 He developed a farm of 160 acres, became an influen- 
 tial citizen of his locality, took a keen interest in Dem- 
 ocratic politics and was active in the work of the Bap- 
 tist church. He was married in Kentucky to Miss 
 Temperance Knight, a native of the Blue drass state, 
 who died at the age of seventy-seven years. They had 
 eight children, of whom two are living: Lucy, who 
 is the wife of Isaac Cannon, living in Lincoln county, 
 Missouri, within two miles of the place where she was 
 born; and Andrew Jackson. 
 
 .A.ndrew J. Wilkinson spent his boyhood much the 
 same as other farmers’ sons of his day, the summer 
 months being devoted to work on the home farm, while 
 his education was secured in the district schools dur- 
 ing winters. On September 2, 1862, he went to Lou- 
 isiana, Pike county, Missouri, and enlisted in Company 
 A. Third Missouri Cavalry, receiving his commission 
 as second lieutenant, and almost immediately there- 
 after the regiment was ordered to Mexico, Missouri. 
 Subsequently it was sent to Jefferson City, Rolla, 
 Pilot Knob and Patterson, where engagements took 
 place, and after a fight at Morse Mill, located near the 
 .\rkansas state line, the organization returned to Pat- 
 terson, where Mr. Wilkinson fell ill with the measles. 
 He was taken to Pilot Knob and then to St. Louis, 
 in which city he received his honorable discharge on 
 account of disability. He then went to the home of his 
 mother, at Clarksville, Missouri, where_ he remained 
 until he had regained his health. Farming and stock- 
 raising demanded his attention until 1883, on May 3rd 
 of which year he located on the open range in Montana 
 to engage in the cattle business, this occupation, in 
 conjunction with butchering in Billings for nine years, 
 occupying his attention up to 1901. At that time he 
 settled on his present ranch, a finely cultivated tract of 
 160 acres, located two and one-half miles south of 
 Billings, on the south bank of the Yellowstone river. 
 Mr. Wilkinson has always approved of the most mod- 
 ern methods and his property compares favorably with 
 any in the valley. His cattle bring the highest prices 
 that the market affords, and his standing among busi- 
 ness men is accordingly high. He is a Progressive 
 Republican, but has never cared for public office. His 
 army service entitles him to membership in McKinley 
 Post. No. 28, G. A. R., in which he is deservedly 
 popular. 
 
 On October 22. i86g. Mr. AVilkinson was united in 
 marriage with ivliss _Mary Henry, who was born in 
 Pike county, Missouri,^ daughter of John D. and Nancy 
 (Walkerl Henry, natives of Kentucky, both of whom 
 are deceased. Air. Henry was a pioneer farmer and 
 stock raiser of Alissouri. in which state the last years 
 of his life were spent. He and his wife were faithful 
 
 members of the Cumberland Presbyterian church, and 
 were the parents of three sons and two daughters, 
 Alary being the fourth child in order of birth. Seven 
 children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Wilkinson, 
 as follows: Fleda, the wife of G. G. Corthran; Leathr’ 
 deceased, who was the wife of J. W. Vaughn; Viola’ 
 who married George Cannon; Bessie, wife of William 
 Polley; Roy, Roscoe, and one who died in infancy. 
 
 Edward P. B.vldwin. The career of Edward P. 
 Baldwin, of Glendive, is one which should hold out en- 
 couragement to the aspiring youths of the country, who 
 are endeavoring to get a foothold on the ladder of suc- 
 cess and feel themselves handicapped by lack of capital 
 or influential connection. Mr. Baldwin engaged in the 
 cattle business in Alontana some thirty years ago, and 
 had just succeeded in getting well established when he 
 lost his stock in the heavy snows that caused the fail- 
 ure of so many ranchmen during the severe winter of 
 1886-7, and was compelled to make a new start. At 
 once accepting the first opportunity that offered it- 
 self, he started to rebuild his fortune, and his coura- 
 geous and persistent industry has eventually won him a 
 place among the front rank of stockmen of Dawson 
 county. Mr. Baldwin is a product of New England, 
 having been born at Antrim, Hillsboro county. New 
 Hampshire, December ii, 1850, and is a son of Isaac 
 and Nancy (White) Baldwin. 
 
 Isaac Baldwin was born in 1818, in Hillsboro county, 
 and was a farmer and manufacturer of hoes at An- 
 trim, finding a market for his product in Boston, and 
 during the early days hauling his goods by teams a dis- 
 tance of seventy-five miles. A typical Yankee farmer, 
 he worked industriously and thriftily all of his life, 
 and at the_ time of his death, in 1876, was one of his 
 section’s highly esteemed citizens. In politics he was 
 first a Whig and later a Republican, and adhered 
 faithfully to the belief of the Congregational church. 
 For his first wife he married a Aliss Osgood, by whom 
 he had three children, all of Whom are deceased, and 
 his second wife, Nancy White, a native of Hillsboro 
 county, died at the age of sixty-six years, having been 
 the mother of seven children, five of whom lived to 
 maturity. Two are still living: Benjamin P. and Ed- 
 ward P. 
 
 Edward P. Baldwin received his education in the pub- 
 lic schools of his native vicinity, and until twenty-one 
 years of age was engaged in assisting his father in the 
 work of the home farm. In 1876 he went to New York 
 City, where he secured employment as a clerk in a dry 
 goods store for about two years, and in 1878 removed 
 to Clinton county, Iowa, and began work for his brother, 
 Benjamin P., who was a contracting mason. After 
 about one year Air. Baldwin went to Cedar Rapids, 
 Iowa, and in June, 1883, left that city and located in 
 Glendive, bringing a bunch of cattle by rail. Establish- 
 ing himself in business on the range. Air. Baldwin was 
 successfully following his chosen vocation at the time 
 of the great snows of 1886-7, at which time 
 his cattle were wiped out and with them his modest 
 capital. Although this sudden destroying of the work 
 of years was a bitter discouragement, Mr. Baldwin did 
 not allow himself to become disheartened, and soon 
 started to recuperate his lost capital by clerking for 
 A. AI. Coleman. From ^time to time, as his finances 
 would allow, he added to his little band _ of cattle until 
 it began to assume respectable proportions, and also 
 purchased sheep and horses, finally giving all his at- 
 tention to this business. He not only regained the 
 position which he had lost, but became one of the ex- 
 tensive dealers in live stock in Dawson county. In 191L 
 he sold his interest in the sheep industry, and is at this 
 time devoting all his time to cattle and horses. He is 
 a stockholder in the Glendive Heat. Light and Power 
 Company, and has served as the first alderman from 
 the First ward of this city, where he owns a handsome 
 

 
 
 \ 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1231 
 
 residence at No. 614 i\Iead avenue. Politically he is a 
 Republican, and is prominent fraternally as a member 
 of Glendive Lodge No. 31, A. F. & A. M., of which 
 he is past master; Yellowstone Chapter, No. 5, R. A. 
 M., of which he is past high priest; and Damascus 
 Commandery, No. 4, K. T., and he and his wife are 
 valued members of Yellowstone Chapter, No. S, O. E. 
 S., in which he is past worthy patron. He has numer- 
 ous friends throughout this section, drawn to him by 
 his genial manner and strict integrity of character. 
 
 On December 28. 1888, Mr. Baldwin was married to 
 Miss Theoda A. Boylan, who was born at Wolcott, 
 Wayne county. New York, daughter of John and Har- 
 riet Boylan, both of whom are deceased. Mrs. Bald- 
 win, who was the fifth in order of birth of her par- 
 ents’ six children, lost her mother when she was seven 
 years of age. Three children have been born to Mr. 
 and Mrs. Baldwin, namely ; Anna W., who died in in- 
 fancy; Curtis W., a student at Purdue University, 
 Indiana; and H. Jiladge, who attends the schools of 
 Glendive. 
 
 Arthur G. Parsons. The career of Arthur G. Par- 
 sons, an enterprising and progressive cattleman of 
 Wibaux, is typical of the pluck, energy and superior 
 business ability which have made the Treasure state 
 noted for its successful men of the younger generation. 
 Commencing business in a humble way fifteen years 
 ago, he has so conducted his affairs that he has be- 
 come recognized throughout Dawson couiity as a man 
 thoroughly representative of his community’s best in- 
 terests. Mr. Parsons was born at Hawley, Clay county, 
 Minnesota, February 7, 1877, and is a son of James 
 William and Agnes (Game) Parsons. 
 
 James William Parsons was born in England in 1839, 
 and was there engaged in farming. In 1874 he came to 
 the United States and located at Hawley, Minnesota, 
 and during the following year he was joined by his 
 wife and children. Farming occupied his attention until 
 1883, in which year he came to Dawson county, making 
 his home at Glendive and engaging in the horse and 
 cattle business. His sons, ‘Arthur G. and Burkley J., 
 were associated with him until his death in 1893. Dur- 
 ing 'he memorable winter of 1886-7, Mr. Parsons was 
 one of those to lose heavily, his capital at that time be- 
 ing invested in sheep, and out of a flock of 1,000 head 
 he lost about 400. However, he recuperated his losses, 
 and at the time of his death was in comfortable financial 
 circumstances. He was well known in Dawson county, 
 and his death was mourned by a wide circle of friends. 
 He and his wife had four children, of whom three are^ 
 living — Burkle}^ J., one of the leading horse breeders 
 of Dawson county ; Arthur G. ; and Mabel Agnes, who 
 married J. H. Ferrall, of Oakley, California. Mrs. Par- 
 sons, also a native of England, survives her husband 
 and lives with her daughter at Oakley. 
 
 Arthur G. Parsons received his education in the pub- 
 lic schools of Belle Prairie and Dawson county, Mon- 
 tana, and as a youth became associated with his father 
 and brother in the horse and cattle business. He re- 
 ceived a thorough business training, and when only 
 twenty years of age embarked in an enterprise of his 
 own, having at that time about 150 head of cattle and 
 forty horses. Each year since that time he has added 
 to his stock, and has had at times as high as 2,500 head 
 of cattle and t,ooo horses running on the range in Daw- 
 son countv, Montana, and McKenzie and Billings coun- 
 ties, North Dakota. IMr. Parsons states that the winter 
 of 1911-12 was the worst that he has experienced, he 
 being compelled to break up the crust on the ground 
 in order that his stock could feed. He owns about 125 
 saddle horses and has his own round-up outfit, emploc'- 
 ing from seven to fifteen men. During the months of 
 May, June and July, he gives his full attention to his 
 horses on the range, and then starts his round-up on 
 the cattle, branding his calves and shipping his beef 
 
 cattle to the Chicago market during August, September 
 and October. During the summer of 1911 he put up 
 about 500 tons of wild hay, and at this time is feed- 
 ing 600 head of cattle. Alert, progressive and ener- 
 getic, iMr. Parsons has taken a foremost place in the 
 front ranks of stockmen in Dawson county, and is 
 deserving of the high esteem in which he is held by 
 his business associates. 
 
 On February 21, 1901, Mr. Parsons was married to 
 Miss Lila Foster, who was born in Saginaw, Michigan, 
 daughter of John and Eliza (McCraight) Foster. Mr. 
 Foster was born at Charlotte, Prince Edward Island, 
 and died January 4, 1900, when sixty years of age. His 
 wife, a native of Nova Scotia, survived him until 1908, 
 and was seventy-three years f age at the time of her 
 demise. They had three children: John, who lives at 
 Oakland, California; Isaac, also a resident of that city; 
 and Lila. Jilr. Foster came to the United States as a 
 young man, was married in Boston, Massachusetts, and 
 drifted to ilichigan. Later he went to Oakland, Cali- 
 fornia, where he was successfully engaged in the real 
 estate business for a number of years. 
 
 Mr. Parsons was made a iMason in 1909, when he 
 joined Glendive Lodge No. 31, and in 1911 transferred 
 his membership to Wibaux Lodge No. 81, A. F. & 
 A. j\I. He is also connected with Yellowstone Chap- 
 ter No. 5, R. A. M., Glendive; Dickinson Lodge No. 
 255, B. P. O. E., Dickinson, North Dakota, and Yel- 
 lowstone Chapter No. 5 > O- E. S. iMrs. Parsons is 
 also a member of the last named order, and belongs 
 likewise to Absit 'Vidier Lodge of the Rebekahs, Oak- 
 land, California. 
 
 James S. Almy. A residence of thirty years in hlon- 
 tana, during which time he has been identified with the 
 agricultural interests of this section with such suc- 
 cess that he is now known as one of his community’s 
 prosperous citizens, entitles James S. Almj- to a place 
 among the representative men of the Treasure state 
 and to the respect and esteem which are undoubtedly 
 his. When Mr. Almy arrived, in Montana he was in 
 very moderate circumstances, but in the new west he 
 found the opportunity he had long been seeking, and, 
 through to a successful conclusion. It is this type of 
 quick to grasp it. demonstrated his ability to cope 
 with the new conditions and to carry his undertakings 
 men who have cultivated the undeveloped resources 
 of Montana and brought the industrial interests of the 
 commonwealth to their present state of importance. 
 
 James S. Almy was born at IMiddletown. Rhode 
 Island, July 9, 1844, and is a son of William and 
 Mary Ann (IMacomber) Almy. His father was a na- 
 tive of Rhode Island and his mother of Massachusetts, 
 and with their two sons and three daughters they 
 migrated to the state of Illinois in 1856, residing there 
 until 1875, when they removed to the vicinity of 
 Moorhead, Minnesota. There the mother died in 1897, 
 and the father subsequently removed to Oregon, where 
 his death occurred in 1903. James S. Almy was the 
 oldest of his parents’ children, and in 1873 preceded 
 the famil}' to hlinnesota, where he proved up a home- 
 stead of 160 acres, living thereon for ten years. The 
 year 1883 saw his advent in Montana, and in the fol- 
 lowing year he brought his family here, settling on 
 Redwater, where he embarked in the cattle business. 
 The disastrous storms of the winter of 1886-7, how- 
 ever, wiped out his little capital, and he secured em- 
 ployment with a railroad, and continued in its service 
 for seven years, at which time he moved back to a ranch 
 on Sand Creek. In addition to ranching on three sec- 
 tions of land, in partnership with his son-in-law, H. 
 L. Johnson, Mr. Almy has bought of the railway com- 
 pany 320 acres, where he has a comfortable modern 
 home, substantial barns and well-appointed outbuild- 
 ings, and sixty acres of his property are under cultiva- 
 tion, being devoted to the raising of wheat, hay and 
 
1232 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 oats, lie is known as an excellent judge of stock 
 and an able agriculturist, and each year has found 
 his land and personal property increasing in value. 
 
 Mr. Ahny was married at Dwight, Illinois, March 
 i6, 1870, to Miss Helen M. Winsoer, youngest of the 
 three children born to Horace W. and Sabra (Gallup) 
 Winsoer, natives of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. Almy 
 have had four daughters: Alice, wife of H. L. Johnson, 
 who is associated in cattle raising with his father- 
 in-law ; Helen, the wife of E. C. Cain, of Hotchkiss, 
 Delta county, Colorado ; Olive, wife of H. V. Robinson, 
 of Bloomfield, Montana; and Grace, who married A. 
 C. Zolman, of Glendive. Mrs. Almy and her daughters 
 are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. 
 Almy is a Republican in his political views, but has 
 not cared for public life, preferring to give his time 
 and attention to the furthering of his business in- 
 terests. A hard worker, thrifty in his habits, he 
 has been able to accumulate a good property and to 
 bring up his family comfortably. He and his wife 
 are now enjoying some of the comforts their industry 
 has brought them, and they are happy in the pos- 
 session of the esteem and friendship of al who know 
 them. 
 
 George Albert Griggs. It is unusual to find a man 
 of a quiet, reserved personality who has made a suc- 
 cess of his life and who has become a leader in the 
 community of which he is a member. When such is 
 the case no one doubts but that he is a man of un- 
 common strength of character and ability above the 
 average, for not being of the pushing, aggressive type 
 other hands than his own must have shoved him into 
 the front ranks. Such a man is George Albert Griggs, 
 of Butte, Montana. His success in the business world 
 is due to his ability, his painstaking care, his thorough 
 knowledge of banking, and the wholehearted interest 
 which he has always manifested in any concern with 
 which he happened to be connected. He has never 
 been a man to thrust himself before the notice of his 
 superiors or of the general public, therefore the posi- 
 tions of responsibility which he has held both in public 
 life and in the business world have been given him, not 
 because he sought them but because his qualifications 
 made him the only man for the place. He stands for 
 the best in the civic, social and business life of Butte. 
 His ideas are progressive, and he believes that al- 
 though much has been accomplished tovvard making 
 Butte an attractive and healthful city, much more re- 
 mains to be done. He himself is very public spirited, 
 ready to give of his services or of his time to any 
 movement which would aid in the development of his 
 home city. Knowing his disinterested attitude the peo- 
 ple of his city accord to him the highest respect, and 
 there is no one in the city more popular than is Mr. 
 Griggs. 
 
 George A. Griggs was born in Charlestown, New 
 Hampshire, on the 9th of August, 1859. He is the son 
 of George Henry Griggs and of Abigail (Smart) Griggs. 
 Both his father and grandfather were famous engine 
 builders of Boston. His grandfather, George Smith 
 Griggs, was one of the first to take up this form of 
 manufacturing, and he was regarded with great re- 
 spect as being one of the men who were willing to 
 venture into a comparatively new and untried field. 
 His name was well known throughout the east, not 
 only as a pioneer builder but for the strength and fine 
 quality of the engines he constructed. Most of the 
 engines of the Boston and Providence Railroad were 
 built by him. His son, George Henry Griggs, fol- 
 lowed in his footsteps and likewise became an engine 
 builder. During the Civil war good engineers were 
 very hard to find, and the government was at a loss 
 for competent men to fill that very important post 
 on board men of war. In this capacity in warships 
 it was very important that only the best men in the 
 
 country should be given an opportunity to serve, there- 
 fore it was a great honor when George Griggs was 
 called to Washington, and there commissioned as en- 
 gineer, serving at different times on the “Rhode Island,” 
 “Lenapee,” and “Genesee.” He was not, in respect to 
 years, qualified to serve, but the President waived this 
 fact and he continued in the service and took part in 
 many affrays with the Confederate forces. 
 
 The naval experiences of the father inspired the son 
 with the burning desire to enter the navy, consequently 
 as soon as he was graduated from the Plighland Mili- 
 tary Academy at Worcester, Massachusetts, he re- 
 ceived an appointment to the Naval Academy at An- 
 napolis, and departed thence to prepare for his naval 
 career. He was doomed to disappointment, for upon 
 examination it was found that his eyesight did not 
 measure up to the standard, and he was thus debarred. 
 It was a bitter disappointment, but the lad was not 
 made of the stuff that succumbs to the first blow, so 
 he then determined on a new career, to become a 
 banker was now his purpose, and to that end he 
 went to Hornellsville, New York, and entered the 
 Bank of Hornellsville. He later went from this in- 
 stitution to Cranes Bank in the same town. 
 
 In 1S83 the instincts of his pioneer ancestors led 
 him westward and he came to Montana, locating in 
 Billings. Here he entered the banking house of Steb- 
 bins. Post & Mund, and became a valuable man to 
 the firm, for he had had splendid experience in the 
 eastern banks, and his employers could easily see that 
 he was by nature adapted to the business he had chosen. 
 When this firm became the First National Bank of 
 Billings, Mr. Griggs opened up the books for the new 
 concern. In 1887 he went into Mexico with the Amer- 
 ican Development Company. He spent one year in 
 their employ, his headquarters being at Piedras Negras. 
 In these tropical wilds he came into contact with 
 many different types of men and added to his 
 powers of judgment human nature to a large extent. 
 He only remaijied here one year, but the experience 
 was a valuable one to him. When he returned to 
 Billings he entered the banking house of Bailey & 
 Billings, and when in 1891 this institution was re- 
 organized as the Yellowstone National Bank, he was 
 made cashier and became a stockholder. He remained 
 in this position during the remainder of his staj'' in 
 Billings, which lasted until 1904. 
 
 In this year the old banking house of Yegen Brothers 
 established a branch house in Butte, and Mr. Griggs 
 was invited to accept the post of manager. He con- 
 sequently removed to Butte, and since that time has 
 had charge of this very prosperous financial institu- 
 tion. He is recognized as one of the leading financiers 
 in the state of Montana, and his advice is highly valued 
 in all financial matters. No bank in the city is on a 
 firmer foundation than that with which he is con- 
 nected, and his reputation for trustworthiness and 
 for sound business principles has been an important 
 factor in the upbuilding of the splendid business now 
 enjoyed by that institution. He has had nearly thirty 
 years’ identification with the banking interests of 
 Montana. 
 
 Mr. Griggs is not a politician in any sense of the 
 word. He is too straightforward and clean a man 
 to take a share in that kind of politics that_ requires 
 questionable practices, and eyes that_ sometimes see 
 not and ears that hear not. In the higher and better 
 kind of politics he has always taken a keen interest, 
 but has never considered that he was himself fitted 
 either by nature or by education for a position in the 
 governmental forces of his home city. In spite of this 
 fact he was three times elected mayor of Billings, 
 Montana, and perhaps at no period of the city’s life 
 has she had a more able administration. The people 
 who, judging from his quiet manner, thought that they 
 could wind him around their fingers found themselves 
 
■M 
 
HISTORY OF A^ONTANA 
 
 1233 
 
 sadly mistaken, for he had “the iron hand in the vel- 
 vet glove,” and while he was in power the city was 
 going to have a clean government free from taint of 
 any sort. 
 
 Mr. Griggs has always been a great athlete, and is 
 devoted to sports of all kinds. He has won many 
 honors on the athletic field, perhaps the most unique of 
 these dating back to his years in New York state. 
 He was here a member of the Maple City Hose Team 
 of Hornellsville, and in competition for the amateur 
 hose running team championship of America, the team 
 came out victor, establishing a world's record. He 
 is a good runner, delights in long, rough tramps, is 
 a skillful and tireless bicyclist, and is a fine oarsman. 
 He rowed for the amateur championship of the United 
 States, and has never lost his fondness for this sport. 
 His devotion to the out door life and the unusual 
 amount of exercise that he takes has probably had 
 a large share in keeping him in the fine health and 
 splendid physical condition which he enjoys. Other 
 men, who like himself have their working hours spent 
 in sedentary occupations, should profit by his example. 
 When he lived in Billings he was captain of the Bil- 
 lings Company of the First Montana Regiment, and was 
 greatly interested in the affairs of this company. 
 
 Mr. Griggs was married on the 6th of September, 
 1892, to Lucy Lee Boyd, who was born in Bader, Illi- 
 nois. Mrs. Griggs, like her husband, is interested 
 in the affairs of the day and is thoroughly progressive. 
 She is a member of the Butte Woman’s Club. Mr. 
 Griggs is a member of the Knights of Columbus and 
 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He 
 is also a member of the Country Club of Butte and of 
 the Montana Society of Engineers. In all of these 
 organizations he is a leading spirit, trusted and admired 
 by his fellow members. 
 
 Fred Bowen. Among the wide-awake young business 
 men of Philipsburg, Mr. Fred Bowen, of the Bowen 
 Hardware Company, is one of the most successful. He 
 has spent all his life since infancy in this state, and 
 by many strong ties is identified with its business and 
 social welfare. 
 
 Mr. Bowen was born in Cleveland, Ohio, May 27, 
 1881, a son of William and Charlotte (Parfitt) Bowen. 
 His father has long been a prominent citizen of Philips- 
 burg, where he conducts the electric light plant and the 
 foundry. He was born in Wales, coming to America 
 in boyhood, and after a residence of some years in Ohio 
 came west to Montana, where he has spent about thirty 
 years. His wife, whom he married in Ohio, was born 
 in England, and died in. Philipsburg in 1898, aged forty- 
 two years. The seven children of the family, of whom 
 Fred is third in order of birth, all reside in Philipsburg 
 or Granite county, namely; Thomas, who is married; 
 Lizzie, wife of C. T. Huffman ; Lottie, at home ; Annie, 
 wife of William Metcalf; William C., member of the 
 firm of Bowen Hardware Company; and Charles, in 
 school. 
 
 Mr. Fred Bowen was about two years old when the 
 family moved to Montana, and after a residence of four 
 years at Butte they all settled at Philipsburg, which 
 has since been his home and scene of his career. In 
 Butte he attended a kindergm‘ten, and later the public 
 schools of Philipsburg, finishing the high school course. 
 Having arrived at the age of nineteen, he first began 
 earning money regularly by working in the local foundry 
 under his father's supervision. From this he went to 
 the mills, and then to the electric light plant. In 1910 
 Mr. Bowen established the well known hardware busi- 
 ness conducted by himself and brother, William C., and 
 they have built up a large trade in a very short time. 
 
 Mr. Bowen was married at Grant's Pass, Oregon, 
 August 4, 1909, to Mliss Eunice Plumley, daughter of 
 Albert ML and Sadie M. Plumley, of that place. One 
 son has been born of their marriage, named Harold. 
 
 An active worker in the Democratic party, Mr. Bowen 
 has always refused the pleas that he run for office. He 
 is a church attendant but not identified by membership 
 with any one denomination. He is also a member of 
 the Philipsburg Chamber of Commerce. His interests in 
 life are varied. Hunting and fishing make strong ap- 
 peals to him, and he is an enthusiastic baseball “fan,” 
 supporting the national game wherever played locally 
 and being a player himself on occasion. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Philipsburg Mlandolin Club, and handles that 
 instrument and the guitar and violin with skill. He 
 finds much pleasure in music and the theater, and in 
 general literature, possessing a nice library to gratify 
 his tastes in the latter direction. 
 
 In one who has identified himself so thoroughly with 
 the life and affairs of his community and state, it is 
 not strange that he should be an admirer of Montana. 
 He says: “If you are looking for a home, if you have 
 
 anything definite in view and if you can back it up with 
 sincere energy, come to the Treasure state and you will 
 not be disappointed. Don’t be afraid of changing lo- 
 cations, as Montana is the best place in the world.” 
 
 Charles A. Thurston, proprietor of the Thurston 
 Horse Ranch, and president of the First National Bank 
 of Glendive, the Glendive Land and Irrigation Company 
 and the Timber Investment Company of Seattle, Wash- 
 ington, may be justly termed a representative self-made 
 man, one who in his early life received little if any 
 financial aid. Mr. Thurston was born at Natick, Middle- 
 sex county, Massachusetts, June 25, 1851, and is a son 
 of James and Elizabeth (Austin) Thurston, natives of 
 New England. His father was a clergyman of the Uni- 
 tarian faith and died in 1873, while his mother survived 
 him many years and was ninety-three years of age at 
 the time of her demise. 
 
 Charles A. Thurston was reared at West Newton, 
 just outside of the city of Boston, and his education 
 was completed in an English and classical school. Dur- 
 ing his early manhood he was engaged in a warehouse 
 business in Boston, but in March, 1883, he came to 
 Dawson county, where the Indians still made their 
 homes, and buffalo were yet to be found roaming the 
 prairies. Embarking in the cattle and horse business, 
 he had just begun to feel that he was making a success 
 of his' undertaking when the terrible storms of the 
 winter of 1886-7 broke across the country, playing havoc 
 will all manner of livestock, and Mir. Thurston, like 
 many others, found himself once more without capital. 
 Nothing daunted, he secured a small band of sheep and 
 started to recuperate his fallen fortunes, soon adding 
 cattle and horses, and taking up a tract of land thirty- 
 two miles west of Glendive, where he leased five sec- 
 tions. this being known throughout the west as the 
 Thurston Horse Ranch. During some of his largest 
 years he had as many as 500 horses on this property, 
 including Percheron, Clydesdale and Kentucky saddlers. 
 For his sheep, in which he still deals extensively, he 
 has a ranch covering four sections in the Red Water 
 country. Mr. Thurston is president of the First Na- 
 tional Bank, a position which he has held since the 
 organization of that institution, which was promoted 
 in 1904. In all of his dealings he is recognized as one 
 of the most fair and honorable of business men, and as 
 a citizen he is held in such a high degree of regard that 
 he has been urged to accept public office at the hands of 
 liis fellow-townsmen. He is pre-eminently a business 
 man, although he has been the Democratic nominee for 
 state representative and senator, but has always been 
 defeated. He is unmarried. 
 
 John G. FIoll,\nd is a decidedly prominent citizen 
 of Butte, I^Iontana, where he has resided for many years 
 and where he is well known as president of the thriving 
 business concern known as the Holland Commercial 
 Company, with offices at Nos. 301-5 North Mlain street. 
 
1234 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 At Virginia City, March 19, 1871, occurred the birth 
 of John G. Holland, who is a son of Patrick J. and 
 .Mary (Sullivan) Holland, both of whom were born 
 in County Cork, Ireland, the former on the 17th of 
 September, 1842, and the latter on the 17th of March, 
 1S42. The father came to America in i860 and located 
 at Hancock, Michigan, where he continued to reside 
 for the ensuing five years and whence he eventually 
 removed to Virginia City, Nevada. While a resident 
 of the latter place he was associated with the late Marcus 
 Dal\’, in the contracting business and after his arrival 
 at Butte, in 1883, he continued to be allied with Mr. 
 Daly in various business projects until the latter’s 
 demise, in 1900. He was specially interested in mining 
 affairs at Butte and was financially connected with the 
 Anaconda and the Orphan Boy mines until his retire- 
 ment from business in 1902, and his subsequent removal 
 to Oakland, California, where he is now passing the 
 declining years of his life in comfort and happiness. 
 Patrick J. Holland was united in marriage to Mary 
 Sullivan, at Virginia City, May 27, 1870. To this union 
 were born seven children, as follows: John G., the im- 
 mediate subject of this review; Mollie, who died Decem- 
 ber I, 1910, and was a teacher in the Butte schools prior 
 to her death ; Daniel, who died at the age of one year, 
 in 1876; Patrick Henry, born in 1877, who is a resident 
 of Butte and is secretary and treasurer of the Holland 
 Commercial Company; Margaret, who was born in 1879, 
 and is a popular and successful teacher in the public 
 schools of Butte; Katherine V., born in 1881, and a 
 teacher in the Oakland, (Cal.) schools; and Edward 
 M., born in 1884, who is vice-president of the Holland 
 Commercial Company, at Butte. Six of the above 
 children were graduated in the Butte high schools. 
 
 In politics Mr. Holland is a stanch supporter of the 
 principles and policies for which the Democratic party 
 stands sponsor and has long been an active factor in the 
 local councils of that organization. In 1897 he was hon- 
 ored by his fellow citizens with election to the office of 
 city clerk of Butte, retaining that incumbency for a 
 period of two years, at the expiration of which he was 
 elected county treasurer of Silver Bow county. In 1908 
 he was elected county commissioner, serving one term. 
 Since 1909 he has been a valiant member of the Butte 
 school board and in every way has done his utmost to 
 forward the good and improvement of the city.' He is 
 affiliated with the Woodmen of the World, the Fraternal 
 Order of Eagles, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, 
 and the Robert Emmett Literary Society. In his re- 
 ligious belief he is a devout communicant of the Roman 
 Catholic church, in whose faith he was reared. 
 
 On June 17, 1896, at Butte, was solemnized the mar- 
 riage of Mr. Plolland to Miss Mamie Medin, a daughter 
 of Marco and Sarah Medin and a native of Hamilton, 
 Nevada, where she was born August 28, 1874. The 
 Medin family resided in Virginia City, Nevada, prior 
 to coming to Butte, in 1889. Marco Medin was called 
 to eternal rest June 20, 1901, and Mrs. Medin now 
 resides in the home of her daughter, Mrs. Holland. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Holland are popular and active factors in con- 
 nection with the best social affairs of their home com- 
 munity and are everywhere honored and esteemed for 
 the exemplary lives and genial personalities. They have 
 had four children, as follows: Marie S., born June 20, 
 1897, who died January 17, 1904; John M., born Decem- 
 ber 12, 1899: Edward T., born February 12, 1903; Sarah 
 M., who was born May 24, 1905, and died January 23, 
 1912. 
 
 Hox. Ch-irles Amos W’hipple. When General Wil- 
 liam W’hipple, one of three representatives from New 
 Hampshire, subscribed himself as one of the signers of 
 the Declaration of Independence, he performed an act 
 that fixed his name indelibly in the minds and hearts 
 American people, and well may Charles Amos 
 U hippie be proud of the distinction of this lineage. 
 This inheritance, rich as it is, is not the only one Gen- 
 
 eral Whipple gave to those of his name, for, by a long 
 life of activity in behalf of his state and the new nation, 
 he left to them the example of full and true citizenship! 
 It was General Whipple and his brigade who supported 
 General Stark in his memorable victory over Burgoyne 
 at Bennington, and after independence was estabhshed 
 there followed long years of devotion to the public 
 good in different state and national official capacities. 
 Though the character of the conflicts and the great 
 problems of our nation has changed from that of the 
 Revolution and the construction period following, yet 
 to-day there is equal opportunity for intrepid endeavor, 
 of^ victories in other than military fields, and in patri- 
 otic and useful citizenship. 
 
 Hon. Charles Amos Whipple, state land agent of 
 Montana, who has inherited the energetic spirit of his 
 New England ancestry, was born at Lebanon, New 
 Hampshire, November 25, 1859. In his youth he at- 
 tended the public schools of his community and began 
 life for himself as a telegraph operator. It was not 
 long until he had advanced to the position of train dis- 
 patcher, in which capacity he came to Montana in 
 1883, for the Northern Pacific Railway Company which 
 was^ then constructing its road through this state. Mr. 
 Whipple was first stationed at Livingston, but later 
 was transferred successively to Helena, Wicks, Towns- 
 end and Billings, his service with the railway company 
 having covered a period of twelve years. Meanwhile 
 Mr. Whipple had from time to time invested his surplus 
 ■ capital in real estate and ranches, much of his holdings 
 being near Townsend, and these he still retains. 
 
 In 1896, Mr. Whipple was elected a member of the 
 house of representatives, and in 1901 he was appointed 
 secretary of the senate. From 1903 to 1905, he served 
 as state senator from Broadwater county. During 
 these ten years of political life he spent a large part 
 of his time actively engaged in mining operations in 
 Jefferson and Broadwater counties. In 1907 he took 
 up business life again, engaging in contract woMc for 
 the Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound Railway Com- 
 pany and continuing in that line of business until his 
 appointment as state land agent by Governor Edwin 
 Norris in the latter part of 1909, which office he now 
 holds. 
 
 The parents of Mr. Whipple were Amos P. Whipple 
 and Amanda Emeline (Heath) Whipple, the former of 
 whom was born in New Hampshire and became a prom- 
 inent contractor and builder in that state, where he 
 died in 1863 at an early age. The mother was born 
 in 1837, and was married in New Hampshire. In the 
 later years of her life she had taken great delight in 
 visiting her children in the far west, but passed away 
 at the old New Hampshire homestead at the age of 
 seventy-two, her death having occurred in 1905. The 
 Whipple family is one of the oldest in the United States, 
 having been established here by Joseph Whipple who was 
 one of the earliest of English emigrants to Massachu- 
 setts. He settled on land where the city of Bangor, 
 Maine, now stands — Maine at that time forming a part 
 of the Massachusetts colony and remaining under its 
 jurisdiction until its admission to the LInion in 1820. 
 He turned his attention to shipbuilding, one of the two 
 principal occupations of that section and time, and at- 
 tained success and prominence. General William Whip- 
 ple, the patriot, was born in Kittery, Maine, in. 1730. 
 The family is marked for the number of noted men it 
 has given to America, especially during the colonial 
 and Revolutionary periods of its history. The ma- 
 ternal grandfather of our subject was Solomon Heath, 
 a native of England who settled in New Hampshire and 
 there spent his life as an agriculturist. 
 
 On November 6, 1884, at Wicks, Montana, Mr. Whip- 
 ple was married to Miss Nan L. Sheriff, a daughter of 
 William and Anna Sheriff, of Mercer county, Pennsyl- 
 vania. Mr. and Mrs. Whipple have two children, both 
 born at Townsend : — Miss Gertrude Aletta Whipple, 
 
\ 
 
 
 
 ■r' • 
 
 •'t- , T , -tit • 
 
 t • 
 
 
 -^,- 
 
 
 ■> !l 
 
 I 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1235 
 
 born July 12, 1891, who was graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Montana at Missoula, with the class of 1912 ; 
 and Charles Amos Whipple, Jr., born February 24, 1894, 
 a high school graduate and now a sophomore in the 
 State College at Bozeman, Montana. While Mr. Whip- 
 ple’s official duties require his presence in Helena much 
 of the time, he and his family maintain their home at 
 Townsend. His religious creed is that of the Methodist 
 denomination, and in politics he is a Democrat. He affili- 
 ates fraternally with Helena Lodge No. 193, Benevolent 
 Protective Order of Elks, and with the Knights of 
 Pythias at Townsend. During the nearly thirty years 
 that Mr. Whipple has been a resident of Montana he 
 has ever been known as a progressive and public-spirited 
 citizen whose energies have been directed toward the 
 development of the commonwealth, and whose service 
 in official capacities has been one of efficiency and of 
 credit and honor both to himself and to those he repre- 
 sented. 
 
 Astiburn Kennett B-\rbour is a Kentuckian by birth, 
 his native town being Falmouth in Pendleton county, 
 where he opened his eyes upon this mortal scene on 
 January 7. 1856. His father, James H. Barbour, was 
 born in Clermont county, Ohio, on February 29, 1824, 
 thus having only a fourth of the number of birthdays 
 which come to ordinary individuals. He died on Sep- 
 tember 8, 1912, at the age of eighty-eight years and six 
 months, but not of senility, for the sturdy old gentle- 
 man practiced his profession up to the date of his last 
 illness. He was a man of literary attainments, and 
 wrote and published a book of poems. He was a dele- 
 gate to the convention which nominated Abraham Lin- 
 coln. James Barbour went from Ohio to Falmouth in 
 1846 and there began his medical studies, which he 
 completed in the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati. 
 His father, the grandfather of Ashburn Kennett Bar- 
 bour of this review, was a veteran of the Mexican war, 
 and a descendant of those Barbours who settled in 
 America in 1630, being among the oldest families in 
 America. Every male Barbour in New Jersey who was 
 able to carry a musket, participated in the War of the 
 Revolution, and Colonel Barbour, a member of the 
 family, was on the- staff of General Washington during 
 that struggle. 
 
 On his mother’s side Mr. Barbour traces his ancestry 
 to the Moravians, of Holland, who came to America 
 with Oglethorpe’s colony. IMrs. James H. Barbour was 
 in her maiden days Emelyne Hauser, of Falmouth, 
 Kentucky, and an account of the Hauser famil}' may 
 be found in the history of Oglethorpe’s colony. From 
 Georgia this branch of the Hauser's removed to Wins- 
 ton, North Carolina, where they became the owners of 
 extensive plantations. 
 
 Ashburn Kennett Barbour attended a private academy 
 in Falmouth and later attended Centre College of Dan- 
 ville, Kentucky, now known as Centre U^niversity. He 
 finished his studies in this instutution when he was 
 twenty-one years of age, and then began the study of 
 law. His studies in this line he pursued in the office 
 of Hon. A. E. Clark, state senator of Kentucky, 
 and one of the distinguished members of the bar of 
 that state. ^Ir. Barbour finished his preparation in the 
 office of Mr. Clark, and after passing his examinations, 
 was associated with him in the practice of the profes- 
 sion for one year. In 1879 Mr. Barbour removed to 
 Kansas City, Missouri, where he formed a partnership 
 with Wesley J. Edwards, and with whom he stayed 
 until August, 1882. Ill health caused him to seek a 
 change of climate, and after some months spent in 
 travel, he came to Helena on April i, 1883. This city 
 appealed to him, as possessing both a desirable climate 
 and an advantageous location for one of his profession. 
 He formed a partnership with Messena Bullard, under 
 the firm name of Bullard & Barbour, and the associa- 
 tion lasted until 1889. They had an extensive clientage 
 Vol. n— 25 
 
 and were known among the most able members of the 
 Helena bar. After the firm dissolved partnership, Mr. 
 Barbour practiced alone for a number of years, giving 
 up his practice in 1905, when he was appointed state 
 law librarian. He is still filling this office, and the wis- 
 dom of selecting him for this post becomes more ap- 
 parent with each year he spends in the service. Since 
 he has been librarian the number of volumes has been 
 doubled and the appropriations for the library have been 
 substantially increased. This has come about largely 
 through Mr. Barbour's own efforts, and the advantage 
 to the public can not be readily estimated. A great deal 
 more than money is required to get together a fine 
 law library, and it is in the selection of the books and 
 the systematizing of the reference works that Mr. Bar- 
 bour has performed his greatest service to the legal 
 profession in Montana ; greater, even, than in securing 
 the increased appropriations. His years of experience 
 as a lawyer enable him to choose unerringly such pub- 
 lications as are the most essential to a good working 
 library, and consequently the best of the latest works 
 in legal literature are being constantly added, together 
 with an ever growing collection of classical law and 
 collateral history. 
 
 Like most successful lawyers, Mr. Barbour has always 
 taken an interest in politics, and he has worked not a 
 little for the success of the Republican party. His in- 
 terest in his profession, however, always prevented him 
 from being willing to hold puTlic office. The position 
 which he now holds by appointment by the justices of 
 the supreme court is one which exactly suits his tastes 
 and temperament, giving him opportunity for study and 
 investigation, and he is using his long experience at the 
 bar in assembling a law library which he hopes and ex- 
 pects will, within a very brief period, be the best se- 
 lected and most complete collection of law books and 
 legal literature within the northwest. He feels that 
 no member of the bar can do a better work for the 
 state of Montana. He belongs to no lodge, club or 
 secret society, but spends all his leisure in study and in 
 his own home circle, which he finds more attractive 
 than any other gathering. 
 
 Mrs. Barbour, too, is a Kentuckian. Previous to 
 her marriage to Mr. Barbour on June 24, 1884, she was 
 Miss Lily Menzies, of Pendleton county, Kentucky. 
 She is the daughter of Judge John W. Menzies, born 
 in Fayette county, Kentucky, and a lawyer of note in 
 northern Kentucky. He was chancellor of his judicial 
 district for twenty-three years. During the Civil war 
 he was a member of Congress, being one of- the 
 southern Democrats and a Union man, upon whom 
 President Lincoln depended to help keep Kentucky 
 within the Llnion during that struggle. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Barbour have three children, all born 
 within the state of Montana. Katharin married Dudley 
 N. Hartt, of Boston, Massachusetts; Ashburn Kennett, 
 Jr., is a journalist, employed upon various publications 
 within the state; John Menzies, the youngest of the 
 three, is now a student at the University of Wisconsin. 
 
 While Mr. Barbour has devoted the best years of his 
 life to the study and practice of law, he has been ex- 
 tensively interested in mines, ranch lands and city prop- 
 erty. He remembers very keenly the disastrous effects 
 of the panic of 1893, and its cause, as he suffered 
 severe financial reverses, together with many of his 
 friends. He did not, however, yield to gloom and des- 
 pondency on that account, but by virtue of his courage 
 and unyielding will he has been able to recover to a 
 considerable extent from those losses. 
 
 Mr. Barbour and his family are members of the 
 Presbyterian church of Helena, which they generously 
 support in all its projects for the general uplifting of 
 the community and humanity. 
 
 Joseph E. Farnum. The numerous movements for 
 the improvement and development of Custer county, 
 
1236 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 and more especially of Miles Citj% during the past 
 decade owe much of their success to the energetic ef- 
 forts and support of Joseph E. Farnum, who has been 
 a resident of this county for nearly thirty years, and 
 during this time has been one of the most important 
 factors in the community’s growth and development, 
 as well as taking an active interest in public matters. 
 Mr. Farnum is a native of Concord, New Hampshire, 
 and was born June 14, 1853, a son of Hiram and Lu- 
 cretia (Ramsdell) Farnum. 
 
 Hiram Farnum, who was also a native of Concord, 
 was born April 16, 1810, and spent his whole life in his 
 native state, where he was engaged in farming and 
 contracting. He was also prominent in Whig and Re- 
 publican politics, serving as superi^-itendent of the 
 county poor farm for six years and as a member of 
 the state legislature for two terms, and for many years 
 was known as a member of the state militia. He be- 
 longed to the Congregational church all of his life, 
 and died in that faith in 1882. His wife, a native of 
 St. Johnsbury, Caledonia county, Vermont, was born 
 in September, 1810, and died in Aday, 1882. Of their 
 six children, two are now living : Abner, a stockman 
 living in Shirley, Custer county, and Joseph E. 
 
 Joseph E. Farnum secured his education in the pub- 
 lic schools of Concord. As a youth he learned the 
 trade of carpenter, and remained in that business 
 until the spring of 1883, in which year he came to 
 Montana as bookkeeper 'for the Concord Cattle Com- 
 pany. He was an interested principal in this concern, 
 which had ranches on Cottonwood creek and Povyder 
 river, and conducted an extensive business in high- 
 grade cattle, but in 1908 he disposed of his interests in 
 this company. In 1886 Mr. Farnum removed from the 
 ranch on the Tongue river, where he had first located, 
 to one on the Powder river, and there resided until 
 1893, when he located in Miles City, and has since 
 made this place his home. For a time he was engaged 
 in attending to the office work of several large cat- 
 tle outfits, but in April, 1901, purchased the real estate 
 and insurance business of C. A. Wiley, to which he 
 has given his entire attention since severing his con- 
 nection with the Concord Cattle Company in 1908. In 
 Republican politics Air. Farnum occupies a high posi- 
 tion, and in the fall of 1895 his clear-cut methods of 
 business and accuracy gained him the norriination and 
 subsequent election to the office of county commis- 
 sioner, in which he served for four years, during a part 
 of which time he acted as chairman. During this time 
 numerous improvements were made, including the con- 
 struction of the new wagon road across Tongue river, 
 a new superstructure on the bridge across Powder 
 river, a steel bridge across Alizpah river and the con- 
 tract for a fine new bridge across the Yellowstone 
 river. The three commissioners of Custer county were 
 appointed by the legislature to adjust the boundaries 
 of Custer and Rosebud counties, the latter having been 
 established in 1901. Mr. Farnum has held the office 
 of city clerk since 1905, and since 1908 has been col- 
 lector of city water and light bills. He also served 
 four years as a member of the high-school board of 
 Custer county, and was connected therewith at the 
 time the high-school building was erected. He is a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, trustee 
 and treasurer thereof in Miles City, and superintendent 
 of its Sunday-school. His fraternal connection is with 
 Crusader Lodge, No. 7, Knights of Pythias, of which 
 he is acting as trustee, and in which he is very popular. 
 
 On November 19, 1885, Air. Farnum was united in 
 marriage with Aliss Minnie E. Parmenter, who was 
 born in Pittsfield, Vermont, daughter of Truman and 
 Theodosia (Holt) Parmenter, natives of Vermont, the 
 former of whom died at the remarkable age of ninety- 
 seven years, while the latter passed away when forty- 
 nine. They had a family of ten children, of whom 
 four are living; Lorenzo, Minnie E., Angeline and 
 
 May. Mr. Parmenter, who was a farmer in Vermont 
 all of his life, was a faithful member of the Methodist 
 Episcopal church, and first a Whig and later a Repub- 
 lican ill politics. Mr. and Mrs. Farnum have had 
 three children, namely : Lucretia, born December 16, 
 1887, married J. Christian Evens, June 14, 1911, and 
 they have one son, John Farnum Evens, born on the 
 22nd of June, 1912; Guy E., born July 26, 1893; and 
 Scott H., born September 10, 1898. 
 
 Montgomery M. Duncan. The activity and enter- 
 prise of any growing center of population is perhaps 
 as clearly indicated in the class of professional men 
 who look after its legal interests as in any other 
 respect, and it is with pleasure that we here refer to 
 Alontgomery M. Duncan, a prominent lawyer in Vir- 
 ginia City, Montana, and present incumbent of the of- 
 fice of state senator from the second district. He con- 
 ducts a general law practice and in all his cases has 
 demonstrated ability beyond the ordinary. His ac- 
 curacy and familiarity with the law is well known and 
 his library consists of the hiehest legal authorities, 
 territorial, state and federal court reports. His prac- 
 tice is a large and lucrative one and his cases are 
 prosecuted with persistency and tenacity of purpose 
 which defies all just cause for defeat. 
 
 A native of New Bloomfield, Callaway county, Alis- 
 souri, Montgomery M. Duncan was born November 
 II, 1869, and he is a son of William S. ,and Helen 
 (Cave) Duncan, both of whom were born in Alis- 
 souri, the former in 1843 and the latter in 1846. Mr. 
 and Mrs. Duncan were married in their native state 
 in 1867 and in 1883 came to Montana, where he fol- 
 lowed mining during most of his active career. Prior 
 to coming to Montana, William S. Duncan was a sol- 
 dier in the Confederate ranks of the Civil war, having 
 served with all of valor and distinction in a number 
 of important engagements under General Price. He 
 was prominent in Democratic political circles but never 
 sought office for himself. He was summoned to the 
 life eternal in 1909, at the age of sixty-six ■■'ears, and 
 his cherished and devoted wife passed away in 1904, 
 aged fifty-eight years. They are buried side by side 
 in the cemetery at Pony, Montana. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Duncan became the parents of ten children, of whom 
 the subject of this review was the second in order 
 of birth. There are five Duncan brothers in Montana, 
 namely ; _ Harry C., of Camas ; Montgomery M., of 
 this notice; Argyle P., of Norris; Paul S., of Vir- 
 ginia City ; and Orrick O., who is engaged in the 
 mercantile business at Harrison, Montana. There are 
 two other brothers in the family, Stuart L., who lives 
 at Prescott, Arizona ; and Cave, a resident of Aled- 
 ford, Oregon. 
 
 Montgomery M. Duncan was educated in the public 
 schools of New Bloomfield, Missouri, to the age of 
 fourteen years, when he accompanied his parents to 
 Montana, where he has since maintained his home. 
 After completing the curriculum of the public schools 
 of Madison county, this state, he was matriculated as 
 a student in Woodland College, at Independence, Mis- 
 souri, where he studied for three years. He thereafter 
 studied law in the law office of Sheley & Ott at In- 
 dependence, Missouri, and was admitted to the bar of 
 that state in 1895. He was admitted to the bar of 
 Montana in the year 1896 and immediately initiated 
 the active practice of his profession at Pony, this state. 
 He came to Virginia City in 1899, and here has gained 
 recognition as one of the ablest attorneys in Madison 
 county. He controls an extensive practice and has 
 figured in many of the most prominent litigations tried 
 in the courts of this section. In politics he is a stal- 
 wart Democrat and he has been honored by his fellow 
 citizens with election to a number of important public 
 offices, among them being that of county attorney, 
 in which capacity he served for three terms. He was 
 
\\ 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1237 
 
 a member of the state legislature during the Ninth and 
 Tenth sessions and he is now state senator. For one 
 term he was a member of the city council of Virginia 
 City. In 1904 and 1905 he served his party as chair- 
 man of the Madison county central committee and he 
 is a potent factor in all matters projected for the good 
 of the Democracy. He is likewise interested in educa- 
 tional matters and served for nine years as a member 
 of the Virginia City school board. 
 
 Mr. Duncan is a prominent fraternity man, being 
 a Mason of good standing and being likewise affiliated 
 with the Odd Fellows, the Elks and the Woodmen 
 of the World. In line with his professional work he 
 is connected with the Montana State Bar Association. 
 In lauding Montana he says : “I wouldn’t live here 
 for thirty years if Montana was not all right. In my 
 opinion you cannot praise it too highly. The oppor- 
 tunities here are greater today than in any other place 
 that I know of, at least it looks so to me.” 
 
 At Twin Bridges, Montana, June 21, 1904, occurred 
 the marriage of Mr. Duncan to Miss Hortense E. 
 Miller, a native of Ohio and a popular and success- 
 ful teacher in Madison county, Montana, prior to her 
 marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan have two children, 
 as follows : Philip C., born in igo6, is attending school 
 in Virginia City, as is also Hortense C., whose birth 
 occurred in 1908. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan, though not 
 formally connected with any religious organization, at- 
 tend and give their support to the Presbyterian church. 
 They are prominent in the social life of Virginia City, 
 where they are held in high regard by all who know 
 them. 
 
 Hon. William Lindsay. One of Montana's fore- 
 most citizens, and a man whose identification with the 
 upbuilding and development of the state extends 
 through a period of thirty years and includes various 
 channels of progress, the influence, progressiveness and 
 public spirit of Hon. William Lindsay have been keenly 
 felt and have been important factors in the wonderful 
 advancement achieved. Few men in the state, and none 
 in eastern Montana, are better or more favorably known, 
 not only from his high standing as a business man and 
 citizen, but from the conspicuous character of his identi- 
 fication with the lines of industry affected by his in- 
 terests. 
 
 Mr. Lindsay came to Montana in 1883, from Beaver 
 Falls, Pennsylvania, and located in what is now Dawson 
 county, where his residence has since been maintained 
 and in which section of the state he is extensively in- 
 terested in agricultural projects, owning irrigated farms 
 near Bridger and being largely engaged in sheep ranch- 
 ing. He is interested in a large and valuable fruit 
 ranch near San Diego, California, as well as other in- 
 terests of a diversified character in different sections of 
 the country. 
 
 Mr. Lindsay has long been one of the stanch members 
 of the Republican party and a hard worker for its suc- 
 cess in the Treasure state. Always active in the fur- 
 therance of that party’s principles and one of its leaders 
 in this section of the state, he has been called upon to 
 serve in positions of honor and trust, which have all 
 been filled with the same ability and zeal that have 
 characterized the management of his own personal af- 
 fairs. He has been the party’s, candidate for governor 
 of the state, and enjoys a wide acquaintance among 
 Montana’s leading citizens and public men. 
 
 Mr. Lindsay is an excellent type of the high class 
 citizens which the Buckeye state has given to_ the com- 
 monwealth of Montana. His birth took place in Poland, 
 Ohio, on April 20, 1852, and is the son of James M. 
 and Elizabeth J. (Bebout) Lindsay. The father was 
 a native of New Jersey, born in 1828, and the mother 
 was born in 1834 at New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Both 
 of these worthy people are now deceased. The father, 
 who was a manufacturer of barrels and similar pro- 
 
 ducts, died in Fostoria, Ohio, in August, 1898, and 
 the mother in Poland, Ohio, in 1867, where both are 
 interred. Of the nine children born to this union, Wil- 
 liam is the second born. 
 
 The schools of Poland gave to Mr. Lindsay his early 
 education up to the age of thirteen years. That was a 
 crucial time in the life of the boy, for the mother died 
 and the household was to some extent disorganized. 
 The family was in humble circumstances, and William 
 was thrown upon his own resources. He was appren- 
 ticed to learn the tinsmith’s trade and, after serving 
 an apprenticeship of a year and a half, was appointed 
 manager of the hardware business of A. F. Wolf & 
 Company, at Beaver Falls, continuing in that capacity 
 for three years. He then resigned and engaged in 
 business on his own responsibility in Beaver Falls. 
 Until 1883 he remained thus occupied, and in that year 
 was seized with a violent attack of “western fever,” 
 and in April closed out what had been a very success- 
 ful business and answered the beckoning finger of 
 opportunity from Montana. He settled about seventy 
 miles north of Glendive and engaged in sheep ranch- 
 ing, in which business he is interested to the present 
 day. His Dawson county property is a valuable one 
 and his other holdings have already been mentioned. 
 
 Mr. Lindsay is of that fine, public-spirited type of 
 citizenship which is soon recognized. He served four 
 years as county commissioner of Dawson county, being 
 elected in 1892, and before the expiration of his term of 
 office was elected to the legislature, resigning the former 
 office to take his seat in the lower house of the assembly, 
 being a member of the Fifth and Sixth state legislatures. 
 In May, 1911, he was appointed United States marshal 
 and is now serving a four year's term. In 1900 he was 
 a candidate for the state senate but was defeated, and 
 in 1904 was the Republican nominee for governor, but 
 was defeated by a narrow margin. His appointment 
 as United States marshal was unasked and unsought, 
 and was thus the greater compliment. He is an able 
 exponent of the progressive spirit and strong initiative 
 which have caused Dawson county to forge so rapidly 
 to the fore. His services to the people have been of the 
 highest character and with him patriotism is more than 
 a mere rhetorical expression. 
 
 In addition to his services in official capacities and 
 his interests, previously mentioned, he is identified with 
 other enterprises of considerable importance. He is 
 president of the Montana Eastern Telephone Company, 
 a long distance line, and was one of the organizers of 
 the corporation. He has been president of the Dawson 
 county high school board ever since its organization 
 and none here demonstrated more vividly their realiza- 
 tion of the importance of securing the best possible 
 educational advantages. 
 
 Mr. Lindsay stands high in Masonry and exemplifies 
 in his own living the ideals of moral and social justice 
 and brotherly love for which the order stands. Fie 
 belongs to Glendive Lodge, No. 31, A. F. & A. M., the 
 Chapter, Commandery, and Shrine, and has passed all 
 chairs in the Knights Templar. He is a member of the 
 Dawson County Club. He is affiliated with the Method- 
 ist Episcopal church of Helena and for two terms 
 served as lay delegate to the general conference. 
 
 In August, 1886, Mr. Lindsay was married in Glen- 
 dive to Miss Alice M. Reehl, a native of Pennsylvania 
 and a daughter of Cornelius and Ellen Reehl. Mrs. 
 Lindsay died on May 5, 1907, at Battle Creek, Michigan. 
 She was the mother of two children, William LeRoy 
 Lindsay, born August 12, 1887, at Glendive; and Grace 
 M., born May 12, 1893. Mr. Lindsay was married a 
 second time on January i, 1912, Mrs. Audrey Hughes 
 becoming his wife. She was a resident of Indiana. 
 They maintain a hospitable and elegant home at Glen- 
 dive, where they are prominent in social and philan- 
 thropical work. Mr. Lindsay’s offices are in the Federal 
 building, at Helena. 
 
12H8 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 The paternal ancestors of Air. Lindsay came from 
 Scotland and were among- the first settlers of New 
 Jersey, while his maternal grandparents came from 
 Scotland and Germany, and were early Pennsylvania 
 settlers. 
 
 Geokge A'Iiller H.ws. A man who has for more than 
 a (luarter of a century been prominently identified with 
 official life in Montana, having started in 1883 as a 
 deputy county clerk and county treasurer and steadily 
 climbed up until in 1900 he was elected secretary of the 
 state, is Mr. George Miller Hays, at present assistant 
 cashier in the Merchants National Bank of Billings. 
 .Mr. Hays first came to Montana in 1883, arriving here 
 on the 30th of A'lay and was then a young man who 
 had just attained his majority. He had a short time 
 previously completed his education in the high schools of 
 Cleveland, Ohio, and worked for a short time there as 
 bookkeeper for the Dieterich Oil Company. Upon his 
 arrival in Billings ho was immediately given a position 
 as deputy in the office of Dr. H. H. Bole, county clerk, 
 and at the same time was appointed to a similar posi- 
 tion in the office of the county treasurer of Yellowstone 
 county. The work proved to be very congenial to his 
 tastes and adapted to his talents, and he continued to 
 discharge the duties devolving upon the offices he occu- 
 pied for three years. In 1886, at the regular election 
 held that year, his efficiency was fittingly recognized by 
 the voters of the county by their election of him to 
 the office of county clerk in his own right and authority. 
 .After the e.xpiration of his term in that office he was 
 next, in 1889, given the nomination by the Democratic 
 party, of which he was a member, to the office of clerk 
 of the district court of Yellowstone county, and his 
 election was easily achieved. Mr. Hays was the first 
 incumbent of that office in the countv. _ He made a 
 splendid record as an official in that position, as he had 
 in all others that he had held, but at the expiration of 
 his term decided to retire from official life and engage 
 in private business. He accordingly accepted a position 
 as assistant cashier in the First National Bank of Bill- 
 ings and retained that connection during the four years 
 between 1892 and 1896. 
 
 In the last named year those in official authority 
 again sought his services for the public and this time 
 it was state business which invited him and he accepted 
 an appointment as deputy in the office of the state 
 treasurer of Montana. This necessitated his removal to 
 Helena, the state capital. Mr. Hays made friends 
 wherever he went and was quick to demonstrate his 
 fitness for large responsibilities. It was natural that his 
 party should recognize his strength, and in 1900 he was 
 further honored by election to the office of secretary of 
 the state of Montana. This important office he held for 
 four years and then he made his second retirement 
 from officiahlom to private life and returned to his old 
 home in Billings. Many important items of govern- 
 ment business were consummated during his incumbency 
 in office, one of these being the purchase of necessary 
 furniture and office equipment for the new state capitol, 
 and he was a member of the committee that had this 
 particular matter directly in charge. He again allied 
 himself with financial interests, becoming secretary of 
 the First Trust and Savings Bank of Billings, and until 
 1910 retained that connection. He then severed his re- 
 lations with that institution to accept a position in the 
 Merchants National Bank. He possesses the knowledge, 
 experience and natural endowments which make him 
 an especially valuable acquisition to the personnel of any 
 financial institution and his reputation and standing for 
 high mor.al integrity, honesty and conservativeness make 
 for added confidence by the public in any such organiza- 
 tion with which he is connected in any capacity. 
 
 Mr. Hays is a native of Pensylvania, having been born 
 at Punxsutawney, Jefferson county, March 12, 1862, the 
 oldest of a family of four children. His sister Maude, 
 
 wife of Florace S. Williston, a prominent real estate 
 dealer here, lives in ijillings; another sister, Jennie, 
 married B. K._ Beecher, and died in 1904: the third 
 sister, Alabel, is the wife of C. C. Bever and lives at 
 Hardin, Yellowstone county, Montana. Mr. Hays’ 
 inother, who was before her marriage Sarah E. Miller, 
 is also a native of Jefferson county, Pennsylvania, and 
 is now in her sixty-seventh year and is still living, 
 making her home in Billings. His father, John L. 
 Hays, was born in Mercer county, Pensylvania, in 1837, 
 and was educated for the ministry in a Baptist theo- 
 logical seminary of that state. He followed this calling 
 for some years, but finally resigned and engaged in sec- 
 ular pursuits for the remainder of his life. He went to 
 Cleveland, Uhio, and entered the fire insurance business, 
 in which he remained continuously for over thirtv-five 
 years. After retiring from active participation in busi- 
 ness life he removed his home to Billings in 1908, and 
 spent the remainder of his days here, his demise occur- 
 ring August 5, 1910, in his seventy-third year. He was 
 a member of the Mansonic fraternity and was politicall}' 
 a Republican. 
 
 The marriage of George Miller Flays to Miss Jennie 
 Jones, a native of Llangefni, Wales, occurred November 
 12, 1886, and they have four children, namely: Donald 
 L., John L., Ethel Maude and George Miller, Jr. 
 
 Mr._ Hays is a prominent lodge man and holds mem- 
 bership in a number of the leading fraternities of the 
 country. Fie belongs to Ashland Lodge, No. 29, A. F. 
 & A. M., of which he is a past master; to Billings 
 Chapter, No. 6, R. A. M. ; to Aldemar Commandery, 
 No. 5, Knights Templars, and is past eminent com- 
 mander of the commandery and past grand commander 
 ^ of Montana, also past potentate of Algeria Temple at 
 Helena, and belongs to Billings Lodge, No. 394, Benevo- 
 lent and Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 In whatever capacity Mr. Hays exerts himself he 
 wins success and his past record is one of which any 
 man might well feel proud. Flis public spirit is con- 
 spicuous and he takes a keen interest in all matters that 
 tend to promote the best development of the city and 
 state in which he has so long resided. 
 
 Frederick H. Eberschweiler, S. J. Other men's 
 services to the people and the state can be measured 
 by definite deeds, by dangers averted, by legislation 
 secured, by institutions built, by commerce promoted. 
 The work of a priest is along entirely different lines. 
 His efforts are all devoted to man’s spiritual welfare — 
 to the salvation of souls. He whose name forms the 
 caption for this review is member of the Society of 
 Jesus and is pastor of St. Jude Thaddeus Catholic 
 church, at Havre, Montana, where he has resided 
 since 1903. 
 
 The Rt. Rev. Frederick H. Eberschweiler was born 
 at Wachsweiler, Rhine province, Prussia, June 19, 
 1839. He is a son of Franz and Margaret (Noeren) 
 Eberschweiler, both of whom were born and reared 
 in Germany and both of whom are now deceased. 
 The father was an educator in his native land and 
 received a gold medal from the Kaiser for his long 
 and faithful service as such. He was summoned to' 
 the life eternal in 1884, at the age of seventy-four years, 
 and his cherished and devoted wife passed away in 
 1891, aged eighty-four years. Professor and Mrs. 
 Franz Eberschweiler became the parents of seven 
 children — five sons and two daughters, the third son, 
 John Baptist, died at the age of seven. All the other 
 sons became Jesuit priests and two of them are still 
 living (in 1912), namely: William, who resides in Hol- 
 land, and Frederick H., whose name initiates this 
 article. 
 
 To the Catholic College of Treves, Germany, Father 
 Eberschweiler is indebted for his preliminary educa- 
 tional training. On September 30, 1858, at the age of 
 nineteen years, he entered the Society of Jesus and 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1239 
 
 July 15, 1870, was ordained a priest. About the time 
 he completed his studies and entered the priesthood a 
 law went into effect in Germany expelling all Jesuits 
 from the country. Father Eberschweiler immediately 
 left his native land and sailed for America, arriving in 
 New York City, August 29, 1872. He proceeded to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, where he became a professor in St. 
 Alary’s Priest Seminary, teaching there for a period of 
 two years, at the expiration of which he went to 
 Toledo, Ohio, where he became assistant pastor of St. 
 Alary’s church. He resided in Toledo for eight years 
 and in 1882 went to Burlington, Iowa, where he be- 
 came assistant pastor in St. John the Baptist church. 
 In August, 1883, he came to Alontana, making the 
 trip hither on one of the first trains run over the 
 Great Northern tracks, which had just been completed 
 to Helena. The day after his arrival in Helena Father 
 Eberschweiler was met by Bishop Brondel, who had 
 just come from the war west and who established him 
 as the first resident priest at Fort Benton. As a Jesuit 
 Father Eberschweiler belonged then to St. Peter’s mis- 
 sion. He remained at Fort Benton, the headquarters of 
 the district, from 1883 to 1886. His district covered 
 a large area in fact all the country east to Fort Belk- 
 nap, the same including parts of Cascade county and 
 Teton counties, and all of Aleagher, Fergus and Chou- 
 teau counties. During the early days he was obliged 
 to travel over the territory assigned to him by stage 
 and the trips from fort to fort were filled with hardship 
 and danger of every description. On one occasion 
 he traveled from midnight to midnight when the 
 weather was forty-eight degrees below zero. From 
 Fort Benton he established a mission at Fort Belknap 
 and he also did the first Catholic missionary work in 
 the Fort Peck reservation. 
 
 Father Eberschweiler lived in St. Paul’s mission in the 
 Little Rockies from 1886 to 1890, and in the latter 
 year took charge of all the new stations on the Great 
 Northern railroad along the line of Alilk river from 
 Big Sandy to People’s creek. Father Feusi succeeded 
 him at St. Paul’s. For a number of years he lived 
 near the mouth of People’s creek, at a place then 
 known as Dodson station, and there he had charge 
 of the Indians on Alilk river and in the Fort Peck 
 reservation. In 1895 he moved to a point opposite 
 Fort Belknap, remaining there until 1900, when he 
 made his headquarters at Chinook, Alontana, whence 
 he came to Havre in 1903. Since the latter year he 
 has been resident pastor of St. Jude Thaddeus Cath- 
 olic church at Havre and there he has accomplished 
 a remarkable amount of good in the way of construct- 
 ing churches and helping the poor and needy. He 
 has' been instrumental in the erection of church edi- 
 fices at Glasgow, Culbertson, Alalta, Chinook, Harlem, 
 Havre, Great Falls, Lewiston, Oswego and Hindsdale. 
 He also selected the site, secured the grounds and 
 established the Sacred Heart Hospital at Havre, where 
 he managed to have the sisters of St. Francis assume 
 charge. Recently his efforts have been expended along 
 the line of securing parochial schools at Havre and in 
 that connection he has procured the grounds and build- 
 ing plans are under way. 
 
 During his leisure time Father Eberschweiler is en- 
 gaged in literary work. He wrote a drama entitled 
 “Three Holy Kings,” originallv in German, and another 
 drama entitled, “St. Vitus.” He has written a number 
 of theological articles and has had published articles on 
 music and a number of poems, and is altogether an 
 author of note. 
 
 Father Eberschweiler exercises a commanding in- 
 fluence over men, not as the result of a conscious 
 ambition or a studied purpose, but rather from an 
 instinctive homage the world awards men of exalted 
 character and incorruptible principles. He is wholly 
 wrapped up in his work and it would be impossible 
 to make a reckoning of the good he has accomplished 
 
 for mankind. His convictions are solid as adamant 
 and he tries to estimate human character in the light 
 of that charity which “hopeth all things, which bear- 
 eth all things, which ^is not easily provoked, which 
 thinketh no evil.” 
 
 Thomas J. Booher. Rising to his present station 
 through a variety of duties in other lines of activity, 
 in all of which he demonstrated his efficiency, ability 
 and high sense of personal responsibility, Thomas J. 
 Booher, the present capable and esteemed police judge 
 of Butte, has advanced by reason of his genuine merit, 
 and it -is to the credit of the people of the city of his 
 present home that the}' recognize his worth and de- 
 mand his services in behalf of the general welfare of 
 the community. 
 
 Judge Booher was born in Livingston county. New 
 York, on April 19, 1857, and is a son of Henry and 
 Alartha ( Updegraff) Booher, the former a native of 
 Geneva, Switzerland, and the latter of Canada. The 
 father came to the United States with his parents 
 when he was but four years old. The family located in 
 the state of New York, and when he grew to manhood 
 he engaged in fanning, in which he has been occupied 
 ever since, or was as long as he was able to attend to 
 active business. The mother died when her son Thomas 
 was an infant. 
 
 He obtained a good common school education in 
 his native county, on which he has since enlarged by 
 diligent studv and extensive reading. Designing to 
 follow teaching for a livelihood, he pursued a course 
 of special training for the purpose at the Geneseo 
 State Normal School, from which he was graduated in 
 1879. He then taught three terms of school in his na- 
 tive state and three in Alissouri. At the end of this 
 service he went to Virginia City, Nevada, making his 
 change of residence to the farther west in 1880. But 
 he did not immediately change his occupation. Dur- 
 ing 1880, 1881 and 1882 he was principal of the First 
 ward school in Virginia City, and found his work so 
 well appreciated by the people that he intended to re- 
 main there longer. But circumstances changed his 
 purposes. 
 
 On January 19, 1883, he came to Butte, and for 
 about one year after his arrival in this city worked at 
 whatever he could find to do, employing himself at 
 teaming and other laborious occupations, but all the 
 while cherishing his aspirations toward a more ele- 
 vated standard of living and working in the direction 
 of it. His diligence and fidelity attracted attention, his 
 superior mental training became widely known, and in 
 1884 he was elected countv superintendent of schools 
 for Silver Bow county. His term in this office began 
 on January i, 1885, and lasted two years. 
 
 When he retired from the county school superintend- 
 ency he turned his attention to mining, not only as a 
 man desirous of making a strike and so rendering 
 himself comfortable for life, but as a delver in the 
 mines themselves. He wrought in them for a num- 
 ber of years, with his eyes ever open for opportuni- 
 ties that might come his way. but with no abatement 
 of his industry \yhile waiting for them. In April, 1911, 
 he was elected to his present position, the people hav- 
 ing long known him as a man of superior education, 
 broad intelligence and high character, and having 
 reached the conclusion that he w'as well fitted to dis- 
 pense justice in their city police court, an opinion in 
 which he has proven they were not mistaken. Lie has 
 performed the duties of his responsible and trying- 
 position in a manner that has won universal commen- 
 dation from the law-abidin,g class of the population, 
 and compelled the respect even of the unlawful. Be- 
 ing of a kindly disposition, he tempers justice with 
 mercy, and where there are miti, gating circumstances, 
 is lenient with wrongdoers. But for incorrigibles and 
 the chronically criminal he has no softness of heart, 
 
J240 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 <lc(.-iuintf it his duty to the community to keep them from 
 following their natural tendencies as much as he pos- 
 sibly can. 
 
 On December 21, 1884, the judge was married to 
 Miss Martha C. Sheppard, a native of Missouri. They 
 have three children, their son Cecil H. and their daugh- 
 ters, Georgia A. and Catherine L. The father is a 
 warm friend of the laboring classes, and has shown 
 it by a long and consistent membership in the Miners’ 
 Union. He is interested, in fact, in every phase of the 
 life of the plain people who make up the bone and 
 sinew of the country, and are its productive force in 
 times of peace and its most reliable defenders in 
 periods of war. Being thus devoted to the vrelfare of 
 the great mass of the people, it follows as an inevitable 
 result that he is cordially and serviceably loyal to the 
 best interests of the country. Wherever he is known 
 he is esteemed to a marked degree as a high-toned and 
 intensely patriotic American citizen, and a representative 
 of the best manhood of our country, which has had so 
 tremendous an influence for betterment on the public 
 opinion and trend of action in all parts of the world. 
 
 Harry Mortimer Allen. Among the leading busi- 
 ness men of Billings, Montana, none are more worthy 
 of being commemorated than the one whose name here 
 appears. For nearly thirty years he has been a resi- 
 dent of that city, during which time he has been a 
 prominent factor in its fraternal, business and pub- 
 lic life, fairly earning a reputation for honorable deal- 
 ing with his fellow citizens to such a degree as to 
 make his name a synonym for all that is honorable in 
 business and correct in morals. He was born April 
 26, 1856. in Roxbury, now Boston, Massachusetts, a 
 son of Henry Clay and Hattie L. (Gray) Allen. 
 
 Mr. Allen traces his ancestry back to Charles Allen, 
 who was born in England in 1625, the year Charles 
 I ascended the throne. In 1640 he was married to 
 Susanna Huggins of Hampton, New Hampshire, but 
 there is no record of the year he emigrated to Amer- 
 ica, although the town records of Portsmouth, New 
 Hampshire, show that he lived in Strawberry Point, 
 and he is mentioned as a participant in the distribu- 
 tion of lands to the inhabitants. For a number of 
 years the family resided in Maine, and Henry Clay 
 Allen was born at Ellsworth, Hancock county, that 
 state, November g, 1829. There he received a pub- 
 lic school education, and when a young man removed 
 to Roxbury, Massachusetts, where he first followed 
 carpentry and subsequently became a contractor and 
 builder, following these vocations for more than forty 
 years. He was also prominent in Masonry. In politi- 
 and at the time of his death, October i, 1905, was 
 serving as treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Massa- 
 chusetts, an office which he had filled for over thirty 
 years. He was also prominent in Masonry. In politi- 
 cal matters he reserved the right to vote independ- 
 ently, regardless of party. His religious faith was 
 that of the Universalist church. 
 
 Henry Clay Allen married Miss Hattie L. Gray, 
 who was born in 1833 in Portland, Maine, and died 
 in 1868, leaving two children : Harry Mortimer and 
 Frank Walter, the latter a resident of Greenville, 
 Maine. For his second wife Mr. Allen married Ad- 
 die M. Blodgett. She survives and has a daughter, 
 Hattie M., who is the wife of Frank Gardiner and 
 lives in New York state. 
 
 After receiving his education in the public schools 
 of Boston, Harry M. Allen engaged in various enter- 
 prises until he was twenty-five years of age, and in 
 April, 1881, went to Topeka, Kansas, where he was 
 identified with the lumber business. In June of the 
 same year he went to Iowa City, Iowa, to be married. 
 After his marriage, which took place on the 22nd of 
 June, he returned to Topeka, and continued in busi- 
 ness there until April 26, 1883. iMay the 6, 1883, saw 
 
 his advent in Billings, and there he has since con- 
 tinued to carry on operations in the lumber line. The 
 firm of H. M. Allen & Company, of which he is the 
 head, has its headquarters in Billings, with branch of- 
 fices and yards located at Columbus, Forsyth, Rose- 
 bud, Hardin, Bear Creek, Big Timber, Bridger, Bark 
 City, Livingston, Reedpoint, Absarokee, Clyde Park 
 and Wilsall, Montana. Long years of experience in 
 his chosen vocation have given him a comprehensive 
 knowledge of the vast and intricate problems which 
 the conduct of such a gigantic business involves. Of 
 liberal views and public spirit he has served for a 
 number of years as a school trustee, but it has been 
 to his business and fraternal connections that he has 
 given the greater part of his attention. He has 
 served as president of the Montana Retail Lumber- 
 man’s Association for a year. He is a member of 
 Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, Ancient, Free and Accepted 
 Masons ; of Billings chapter No. 6, Royal Arch Ma- 
 sons, of which he is past high priest; of Glendive 
 Council No. 5, Royal and Select Masters; of Aldemar 
 commandery. No. 5, Knights Templar, of which he 
 is past eminent commander; of St. Peter’s Conclave 
 No., 8, Knights of the Red Cross of Constantine; of 
 Algeria Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of 
 the Mystic Shrine, at Helena ; and grand standard 
 bearer of the Grand Commandery of Montana. He 
 was elected, on September 19, 1911, grand high priest 
 of the Grand Chapter Royal Arch Masons of Mon- 
 tana and represented this grand body at the thirty- 
 fifth triennial convocation of the General Grand Chap- 
 ter of the United States, held at Indianapolis, Indi- 
 ana, on September ii to 13, 1912. He was a member 
 of the building committee which erected the handsome 
 Masonic Temple. Mr. Allen is past chancellor of 
 Rathbone lodge. No. 28, Knights of Pythias, and has 
 served as delegate to the grand lodge. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Elks, being a charter member of Billings 
 lodge No. 394. Since its foundation he has been presi- 
 dent of the Young Men’s Christian Association, and 
 was a member of the committee that erected the as- 
 sociation’s building at Billings — the first one to be 
 erected in the state. 
 
 It is not because of special prominence in matters 
 before the public that Mr. Allen has justly earned 
 the respect and confidence of his fellow men, nor is 
 it solely because he has acquired wealth, for some 
 do that who have neither the respect nor confidence 
 of others ; but it is because, in a comparative, pre- 
 eminent degree, he is a representative man of a class, 
 to whom, more than any other, is due the continued 
 growth and prosperity of the many thriving cities of 
 the west. 
 
 On June 22, 1881, Mr. Allen was married at Iowa 
 City, Iowa, to Miss Abbie L. Adams, who was born 
 at Ellsworth, Maine, daughter of Daniel and Abigail 
 (Lord) Adams, natives of that state, both of whom are 
 deceased. Mr. Adams was a millwright and farmer 
 in Maine, where he spent his whole life. Abbie was 
 the eighth of his ten children, of whom six now sur- 
 vive. Mr. and Mrs. Allen have had five children, 
 namely : Lillian, the wife of Carlin M. Talcott, of 
 
 North Yakima, Washington, who had one son, Allen 
 Gray; Harry M.. Jr., who met his death in an acci- 
 dent, July 25, 1893, when eight years of age; Frank 
 Herbert, who is associated with his father in the lum- 
 ber business at Billings; Edwin Gray and John Henry, 
 who reside at home. The family is connected with 
 the Congregational church, and its members are well 
 known in church and charitable work. 
 
 Lorenzo Winchester Stacy. Among the bankers 
 of Montana, a large proportion have been recruited 
 from the ranks of the cattlemen who did such an ex- 
 tensive business on the open range before the farm- 
 ers came to force the stock raisers from the field 
 

 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 L. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1241 
 
 that they had so long occupied. The very nature of 
 their business demanded that they become borrowers 
 of large amounts of money, and in this way they 
 secured a comprehensive knowledge of financial meth- 
 ods and a training that no amount of study could 
 have equalled. Thus, instances of cattlemen, enter- 
 ing the field of finance are by no means rare, and an 
 example of this class may be found in Lorenzo Win- 
 chester Stacy, president of the Commercial National 
 Bank, and a business man whose career stands today 
 without a stain or blemish. He was born in Athens 
 county, Ohio, August 24, 1850, the fourth in a family 
 of five children born to Joel and Sally A. (Elston) 
 Stacy, natives, respectively, of Massachusetts and Penn- 
 sylvania. The father was a pioneer agriculturist of 
 Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his life, the 
 date of his death, as well as that of his wife’s, occur- 
 ring in the early sixties. Of their five children, three 
 are now living, namely ; Mary Frances, the wife of 
 W. H. Vorhes, of Nelsonville, Ohio; Orinda, the wife 
 of N. I. Dixon, of Longstreth, Ohio; and Lorenzo Win- 
 chester. 
 
 Lorenzo W. Stacy descended from early residents 
 of the American colonies who came from England and 
 settled in Massachusetts, and the family furnished a 
 number of soldiers for the Revolutionary war. He 
 was but twelve years when he completed his_ educa- 
 tional training, and at that time accompanied his 
 brother, Webster, to the state of Kansas, where on 
 the great plains the brothers did an excellent business 
 in hunting buffaloes, being the owners of their own 
 outfit. Living the free and open life of the prairies, 
 young Stacy grew up a strong and self-reliant man, 
 and when still a youth in years was engaged in trading 
 with the Indians, establishing himself at a post in 
 the Panhandle of Texas. It may be of interest to 
 here note that Mr. Stacy secured a buffalo calf which 
 he raised, making it a pet After it was a year old 
 the animal traveled with the party, and_ when camp 
 was made it would often find its way during the night 
 to Mr. Stacy’s head and waken him by its grunting, not 
 being satisfied until it had accomplished this result. 
 It would follow him any distance and if strangers 
 approached would put its head under his arm and 
 resent emphatically any attempt to touch_ him. He 
 kept this buffalo until he reached Dodge City, Kansas, 
 when it caused trouble by uprooting and despoiling the 
 gardens of the settlers, and it was necessary to picket 
 it with a rope, with which it finally became entangled 
 and was thrown so as to break its neck. Mr. Stacy suc- 
 cessfully traded with the Indians in the southwest, and 
 effected a personal treaty with the Arapahoes and Chey- 
 ennes, which was known as the Stacy Treaty, the cir- 
 cumstances being: His trading party was surrounded 
 
 by about 2,000 Indians at Paladora Canon, in 1873, and 
 the United States marshal warned Mr. Stacy to fly, 
 but with six employes he had come especially to trade 
 with the Indians, and his tenacity and intrepid daring 
 led him to carry out his object. After he had been 
 thus warned, Mr. Stacy determined to immediately 
 have a talk with the chief. Powder Face, made his way 
 to the Indian camp and passed through the entire 
 band of howling savages to the chiefs tepee. Here 
 he dismounted and was immediately attacked by the 
 chiefs dog, which bit his left leg nearly to the bone. 
 Mr. Stacy, however, explained his situation apd in- 
 tention to the chief, who called a council. At this time 
 the Indians sat in a circle, and finally the chief handed 
 Mr. Stacy the pipe of peace, which he puffed with due 
 solemnity, being much encouraged by this action. He 
 invited Powder Face and his squaw to dinner the 
 next day and gave them a good meal, and the doughty 
 chieftain then made a treaty to this effect : That his 
 
 people would thereafter trade with the brave white 
 man without molesting him. Powder Face further 
 manifested his good will by tanning robes for him. 
 
 W hen the Indians left that section in the following 
 spring, Powder Face and his wife presented Mr. Stacy 
 with a fine suit of Indian clothes, a big shawl, a pair 
 of shoes, and a silver finger ring. The chief always 
 continued a strong friend of Mr. Stacy, and lived to a 
 venerable age, dying about 1892. 
 
 After trading with the Indians for three years, Mr. 
 Stacy engaged in the cattle business in the Indian 
 territory, and had an extensive range under fence. He 
 disposed of his interests in that section in 1882, and 
 during the next year came to Montana. In the fall of 
 1883 he went south and purchased cattle, which he 
 trailed through to Montana, arriving in August, 1884. 
 Locating on the range between the Powder and Tongue 
 rivers, he often ran 5,000 head of cattle, handled thou- 
 sands each year until selling out in 1889, and often 
 paid as much as $30,000 in a lump sum to the railroad 
 companies for freight charges. Subsequently he utilized 
 the range between the Missouri and Yellowstone 
 rivers, in Custer county, being connected with the 
 Swifts of Chicago, South Omaha and Kansas City, the 
 Custer county brand bearing the brand of “L. U.” 
 He was one of the organizers, a stock holder and 
 director of the State National Bank of Miles City 
 until 1904, was interested in the mercantile business 
 of Lakin & Westfall until 1909, and is the owner of 
 improved business and residence properties in Miles 
 City, where he makes his home in a commodious and 
 attractive residence of modern architectural design and 
 conveniences, one of the best in the city. In 1906, 
 at the time of the organization of the Commercial State 
 Bank, Mr. Stacy became president thereof, a position 
 which he has held to the present time, the greater 
 part of his attention now being given to banking enter- 
 prises. East Main street runs through his eighty-acre 
 property at the city limits. Personally of a genial and 
 courteous nature, Mr. Stacy is never too busy to make 
 a visitor comfortable or to provide him with a pleasant 
 visit. His politics are those of the Republican party, 
 but he has always preferred to give his attention to 
 his business interests rather than to affairs of a poli- 
 tical nature, and has steadfastly refused to allow his 
 name to be used for public office. 
 
 On December 6, 1888, Mr. Stacy was united in 
 marriage with Miss Mary L. Hotchkiss, who was born 
 in Connecticut, the daughter of Steven G. and Augusta 
 (Stevens) Hotchkiss, of old New England stock. To 
 this union have been born five children : Edward W., 
 Florence, Lorenzo Winchester, Jr., Frances May and 
 Alvin Webster. 
 
 George H. Ulmer. For nearly thirty years a resi- 
 dent of Miles City, and during that time contributing 
 to the advancement of its commercial interests as a 
 member of one of its leading business concerns, George 
 H. Ulmer may not inappropriately be considered one 
 of the forceful and productive men who have made 
 the history of the northwest and redeemed an immense 
 section of the country from savage wilderness. Air. 
 Ulmer was born at Carbondale, Lackawanna county, 
 Pennsylvania, March 31, 1858, and is a son -of David 
 and Alary (Fielding) Ulmer. 
 
 David Ulmer was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, 
 in 1829, and immigrated to the United States in 1857, 
 locating at Carbondale, Pennsylvania. In 1862, when 
 the emergencv call came for volunteers, he enlisted in 
 Company C, Thirteenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volun- 
 teer Militia, and subsequently, Alarch 28, 1864, he en- 
 listed in Company AI, Fourth Regiment. Pennsylvania 
 Volunteer Cavalry. In one of his engagements the 
 color-bearer of his regiment was killed and Air. Ulmer 
 seized the flag and carried it throughout the action. 
 For this act he was promoted on the field by one of 
 his superior officers. At the battle of Dinwiddle Court 
 House. Alarch 30, 1863, Air. Ulmer lost an arm, and 
 was thereupon honorably discharged on account of dis- 
 
1242 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 ability. Returning to his farm, he resided there until 
 1867. at whicli time he moved to South Canaan, where, 
 as a good and true soldier, he was buried in the colors 
 of his adopted country, March 4, igo6, by W. H. Davies 
 Post, No. 187, Grand" Army of the Republic, his death 
 having occurred two days before. Mrs. Ulmer, who was 
 a n.'itive of England, died when fifty-five years of age, 
 George H. Ulmer being their only child. 
 
 George H. Ulmer secured his education in the schools 
 of Carbondale, and when only thirteen years of age 
 began to make his own way in the world, accepting a 
 position in a market at Scranton, Pennsylvania. Later 
 lie took a course in the Gardiner Business College, 
 Scranton, and in 1876 he became bookkeeper for the 
 Scranton Stove Works. In 1880 he removed to Dead- 
 wood, South Dakota, where he was a bookkeeper for 
 the Star & Bullock Hardware Company until the spring 
 of 1883. At this time he first came to Miles City, look- 
 ing for an opening to locate in business, but after 
 traveling all over the northwest returned to Miles City 
 and became bookkeeper for Miles & Strevell, hard- 
 ware merchants. In 1888 he purchased an interest in 
 the business, the firm name becoming Miles, Strevell 
 & Ulmer, with branch .stores at Buffalo, Wyoming and 
 Ogden, Utah. Mr. Ulmer purchased Mr. Strevell’s 
 interest in 1892, the firm being subsequently incorporated 
 under the style of Miles & Ulmer Company, Mr. 
 Ulmer being vice-president and manager of the busi- 
 ness, while the other members of the firm are George 
 M. and J. D. Miles and F. W. Woolsey. The firm 
 deals in hardware, farm implements, wagons and bug- 
 gies, and has an enormous trade throughout the north- 
 west. Mr. Ulmer is also a stockholder in the Smokey 
 Butte Sheep Company, of which he is secretary. He 
 is recognized as a reliable and straightforward busi- 
 ness man, and thus objective esteem and confidence are 
 his portion. F'raternally he is connected with Crusader 
 Lodge, No. 7, Knights of Pythias; and Miles City 
 Lodge, No. 537, B. P. O. E. In political matters he is 
 a Republican. 
 
 In September, 1890, Mr. Ulmer was married to Miss 
 Flora Brown, who was born in Sioux City, Iowa, daugh- 
 ter of Charles and Fredericka Brown, both of whom 
 are deceased, and si.ster of Adolph Brown. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Ulmer have one son and one daughter: Wallace 
 and Marian. 
 
 S.^MUEr, O. N. C. P)R,\nY. The “North of Ireland!” 
 What a wonderul race of men has been sent to all parts 
 of the civilized world from the region to the. northward 
 of a line drawn through the bays of Dublin and Halway, 
 and more especially from the district embraced in the 
 Province of Ulster. How familiar are the names! — 
 Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim Down, Tyrone, Armagh, 
 Fermanagh, Monaghan and Cavan, counties comprising 
 the province named. The sturdy Scotch-Irish element, 
 which has peopled numerous localities in the LTnited 
 States, has proved the loyalty of its blood through many 
 a conflict where the right was assailed, and almost 
 without exception has arrayed itself on the side which 
 readers of its history might be led to expect. The 
 Scotch-Irish are a proud race, and they have earned the 
 privilege. Tlie state of Montana has had its full share 
 of settlers from the Emerald Isle, and today many of 
 its leaders in Inisiness, political and social activities claim 
 Erin as tlieir birth place. The present representative 
 from Park county in the state assembly, the Hon. Samuel 
 O. N. C. Brady, of Livingston, was born in Dunleavey 
 House, County Donegal, Ireland. June i, 1861, and is 
 a son of George F. and Fannie (Russell) Brady. 
 
 Dr. George P'. Bradv was born at Lifford, County 
 Donegal, in i8tq. and was educated in the LTniversity of 
 Edinburgh, and the Royal College of Physicians and 
 Surgeons, London, England. For a number of years 
 he was physician to the coast guard of the English navy, 
 served ably for a long period as justice of the peace, 
 
 and in his later years became an agent for the great 
 marine insurance firm of Lloyd's, a position which he 
 held at the time of his death in 1877. He was a well- 
 known Mason and active in its work. In the city of 
 Dublin, Ireland, he was married to Fannie Russell, a 
 native of London, England, who was born in 1829, and 
 her death occurred in 1903. Of their thirteen children, 
 seven are living: James R., a sea captain, whose home 
 is in London, England ; Thomas C., who lives at Rah- 
 way, Union county, New Jersey; Francis F., a well- 
 known physician of Carnew, County Wicklow, Ireland ; 
 Samuel O. N. C. : Lydia; Josephine, the wife of E. N. 
 Sellers, living at Fort Worth, Texas; and Eveline, the 
 wife of Thomas Crage, of Bray, County Dublin, Ire- 
 land. 
 
 The education of Samuel O. N. C. Brady was secured 
 under private tutorship in Donegal and at Halpin's 
 school, Dublin, Ireland. On reaching his majority he 
 turned his face toward the United States, and in July, 
 1882, landed at New York City, whence he went to 
 Lemars, Plymouth county, Iowa, there working on a 
 farm for nine months. In May, 1883, he came to Liv- 
 ingston, where he found employment with the firm of 
 Myers Brothers, and dui'ing the next five years worked 
 on their ranch in Gallatin county, then engaging in farm- 
 ing on his own account on the Shield’s river, now in Park 
 county. In 1894 he took up sheep raising, in which he has 
 been extensively engaged to the present time, and each 
 year has seen the business expand. Mr. Brady built a 
 handsome residence at No. 330 Yellowstone street, Liv- 
 ingston; in 1909, and now makes his home in that city, 
 although he still personally superintends the work on 
 his ranch, and acts as president of the Brady Collins 
 Sheep Company. A Democrat in his political views, 
 he first held office as road supervisor in 1888, in which 
 capacity he acted for four years, and in November, 1910, 
 was the successful candidate for the office of represen- 
 tative from Park county in the general assembly. In 
 spite of the heavy demands made upon his time and 
 attention by his numerous business interests and politi- 
 cal duties, Mr. Brady has not denied himself the com- 
 panionship of his fellow men, and has taken an active 
 interest in fraternal work, being a valued and popular 
 member of Livingston Lodge No. 32, A. F. & A. M., 
 Livingston Chapter No. 7, R. A. M., St. Bernard’s 
 Commandery No. 6, K. T., Particular Consistory of 
 Eastern Montana No. i, and Algeria Temple, A. A. 
 O. N. M. S., Helena ; and Livingston Lodge No. 246, 
 B. P. O. E. 
 
 On January 19, 1904, Mr. Brady was married to Mrs. 
 Sarah C (Cooper) Gassett, who was born in Wilkes- 
 barre, Pennsylvania, and they have four children : Violet, 
 Fannie E., Samuel O. N. C., Jr., and Elizabeth R. Mr. 
 Brady’s activities in the world of business have been 
 such as to advance the industrial importance of Park 
 county, and as representative his services have been of 
 undoubted value to this section. With an earnest desire 
 for the advancement of Livingston, Park county, and 
 Montana in every way, exerting his influence in 
 behalf of every movement which he feels will bring 
 about this advancement, he is recognized as one of his 
 community’s progressive and useful citizens and as 
 such is worthy the unqualified esteem and enthusiastic 
 support that is undoubtedly his. 
 
 D.^niel Davis. In the election of Daniel Davis to 
 the mayoralty chair of Red Lodge, the citizens of that 
 community secured an executive who. although in 
 office for only a short time, has proved himself fully 
 capable of handling the municipal affairs of this pro- 
 gressive community, and is giving his fellow-towns- 
 men an effective, clean and sane administration. An 
 experienced and successful business man, with con- 
 scientious regard for the responsibility placed in his 
 hands, he has devoted himself to his new duties with 
 the same enthusiasm and energy that characterized his 
 

 r 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1243 
 
 business career, and the result has been the introduc- 
 tion of much-needed reforms and the assurance that 
 Red Lodge will benefit materially by his activities. 
 Mayor Davis was born in Staffordshire, England, April 
 28, 1861, and is a son of William and Eliza (Daniels) 
 Davis, natives of that shire, where the father is still 
 living, being seventy-one years of age, while the mother 
 passed away in 1883. There were four children in their 
 family — Daniel, John, Sarah Ann and George — all but 
 the first named living in England. William Davis fol- 
 lowed mining throughout his active career, but at this 
 time is living a retired life. 
 
 Daniel Davis was educated in the public schools of 
 his native country, and as a youth engaged in work- 
 ing in the mines near his home. He was there mar- 
 ried in February, 1881, to Miss Mary Ann Richards, 
 also a native of England, and soon after their mar- 
 riage left the land of their nativity on their wedding 
 journey to the United States, landing in New York 
 City. From that metropolis they went to Limestone. 
 Pennsylvania, on the Monongahela river, where for 
 about two years Mr. Davis was engaged in mining, and 
 then removed to Carbon. Montana, where he continued 
 to be employed as a miner until the fall of 1889. That 
 year saw his advent to Red Lodge, w'here he first 
 worked in the mines, but subsequently engaged in the 
 wholesale and retail liquor business. To this he added 
 the operation of an ice plant, and after a few years he 
 sold his interest in the liquor business and gave all his 
 attention to the new' venture, with which he is still 
 connected. In 1910 he was one of the organizers of 
 the Red Lodge Brewing Company, of which he is a 
 stockholder and traveling sales manager, and he also 
 is a member of the directing board of the United States 
 National Bank of Red Lodge. 
 
 ■ A stanch and active Democrat, Mr. Davis has taken 
 a prominent part in the public affairs of his adopted 
 community, and after serving one term as alderman 
 from the Second ward, was, in April, 1912. elected to 
 the office of mayor. Red Lodge is now considered an 
 exceedingly prosperous and well-governed city. Its 
 municipal prosperity must be attributed in a great de- 
 gree to the business-like and economical administra- 
 tion of the city’s affairs, and its good government to the 
 enforcement of law and the preservation of order, so 
 essential in every well-regulated community. Mr. Davis 
 has proven that the same principles that have been at 
 the bottom of a successful business career are equally 
 valuable wdien applied to the affairs of a large munici- 
 pality, and by so doing has vindicated the belief of his 
 fellow men in his ability. He has interested himself in 
 fraternal matters, being a member of Red Lodge Aerie 
 No. 742, F. O. E. Believing in the broadening influ- 
 ence of travel, he has spent much of his time in visit- 
 ing various points of interest, and in 1904, with his 
 family, made a journey to his old home in England. He 
 and his wife have two children. William and Em- 
 rich. 
 
 Ch.vrles F. Be.\n. Prominent among those who are 
 rendering efficient service in positions of trust and 
 responsibility in Dawson county is Charles F. Bean, 
 county assessor, who has brought to his important 
 office excellent business and executive ability, while 
 his sturdy integrity of character has gained for him 
 the confidence and respect of the general public. Mr. 
 Bean belongs to an old and honored New England 
 family, members of which have held high stations in 
 every walk of life, and especially in military circles, 
 w'here they have assisted in making history. Mr. Bean 
 was born in Brownfield. Oxford county. Maine. Decem- 
 ber 17, 1849, and is a son of Sylvanus B. and Sally 
 (Hadley) Bean. 
 
 Mr. Bean’s grandparents were General Daniel and 
 Ruhanna (Bangs) Bean, the former born in Limerick, 
 York county, Maine, February 17, 1793, and the latter 
 
 in Gorham, Cumberland county, Maine, February 16, 
 1795 - General Bean was one of the early settlers of 
 Brownfield, a soldier in the defense of Portland during 
 the War of 1812-14, and subsequently brigadier-general 
 of militia in Oxford county. He was a member of the 
 state legislature in 1829, when Portland was the capital 
 of the state, and was one of the foremost men of his 
 day and locality. He and his wife had a family of 
 eleven children. 
 
 Sylvanus B. Bean was born in Brownfield, Maine, 
 June 12, 1814, and at the outbreak of the Civil war 
 enlisted as first lieutenant of Company A, Eleventh 
 Regiment, Maine Volunteer Infantry. He was later 
 promoted to the rank of captain, was brevetted major, 
 and served as acting quartermaster of volunteers. He 
 was on detached service under General Rufus Ingalls 
 at Denver, Colorado, and was subsequent!}' ordered 
 to Fort Halleck, then in Dakota territory, but now in 
 Wyoming, and was mustered out in 1866, after a serv- 
 ice of nearly five years. He then engaged in farming 
 in Oxford county, Maine. Before the war he was 
 engaged in the mercantile business at Brownfield, Ox- 
 ford county, under the firm name of S. B. and E. B. 
 Bean, and after returning from the conflict acted as 
 postmaster of Brownfield for eighteen years. He spent 
 his last days on the old homestead. He was a stanch 
 and active Republican, and a prominent member of the 
 Grand Army of the Republic. He was married (first) 
 to Sally Hadley, also a native of Brownfield, who died 
 in i860, having been the_^^sther of eight children, six 
 of whom grew to maturity, while three are now living; 
 Charles F. ; Eliza, the wife of Fred W. Spring, resid- 
 ing in Westbrook, Maine; and Jennie Hadley, the 
 wife of Alpheus S. Leighton, living in Portland, Maine, 
 Mr. Bean was married (second) to Mrs. Sabrina Cram, 
 who died in 1863, and his third marriage was to Mrs. 
 Julia Wentworth in 1881. 
 
 Daniel A. Bean, brother of Charles F. Bean, was 
 born May 20, 1846, and in the battle of Fort Darling, 
 in June, 1864, gave up his young life as a sacrifice on 
 the altar of his country. This young hero, one of the 
 147 men who enlisted from Brownfield during the Civil 
 war, and the first to be killed from that city, was 
 buried in Virginia soil. On September 26, 1911, the 
 citizens of Brownfield, led by Elias P. Morton, of 
 Augusta, dedicated the Daniel A. Bean Memorial Mon- 
 ument, a magnificent bronze statue representing the 
 young recruit being sworn into the service. It stands 
 seven feet, six inches high, and rests on two huge 
 boulders taken from the hills of Brownfield. The 
 memory of the young soldier has also been perpetuated 
 through the naming of Daniel A. Bean Post, No. 160, 
 Grand Army of the Republic. 
 
 The education of Charles F. Bean was secured in the 
 schools of Brownfield, North Bridgeton Academy and 
 Limerick Academy, and when he was eighteen years 
 of age he left home and traveled west to New Sharon, 
 Alahaska county, Iowa. There he clerked for a time 
 in a general store, but subsequently removed to Mich- 
 igan and accepted a position with the Michigan Air 
 Line Railroad, acting as conductor during the years 
 1875 and 1876. In 1877 he removed to Carbon county, 
 Wyoming and secured employment as a clerk in a gen- 
 eral store, but in 1879 engaged in the cattle business, 
 and during the summer of that year went overland with 
 his cattle, following the trail from southern Utah to 
 the Laramie Plains. During this trip he was constantly 
 harassed by the Indians, but managed to complete his 
 journey in safety. In the spring of 1883 Mr. Bean 
 came to Glendive, iMontana, and here was engaged in 
 the cattle business until 1890, when he disposed of 
 his interests. He was elected clerk of the district 
 court in 1892 and re-elected in 1896, and also served 
 as postmaster of Glendive, having been appointed by 
 President McKinley to that position, which he was 
 compelled to resign on account of ill health. He again 
 
1244 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 engaged in the cattle business until 1907, when he dis- 
 posed of his stock, and took up sheep raising, but in 
 igop re-entered public life when he was appointed 
 county assessor to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
 of A. II. Johnson. In the fall of 1910 Mr. Bean was 
 his party’s choice for this office, and he was returned 
 to the office by a handsome majority. In his official 
 capacity he has done most excellent service, combining 
 rare executive powers with a truthful and tactful 
 administration. Fraternally he is connected with Glen- 
 dive Lodge, No. 31, A. F. & A. M., of which he is past 
 master and secretary, having held the latter office for 
 the past ten years. He is a Republican in politics, and 
 during 1911 acted as journal clerk of the senate for 
 the Eleventh session of the state senate. 
 
 On April 30, 1879, Mr. Bean was married to Miss 
 Henrietta Bangs, who was born in Bureau county, Illi- 
 nois, daughter of William C. and Catherine (Bartho- 
 lomew) Bangs. Mr. and Mrs. Bean have had four 
 children: Sylvanus B., Fredericka, Jennie and Grace. 
 
 William C. Bangs was born in Brownfield, Oxford 
 county, Maine, and as a young man moved to Bureau 
 county, Illinois, but later removed to Bourbon county, 
 Kansas, locating on government land three miles north 
 of Little Osage and eight miles north of Fort Scott. 
 This was during the troublous times just preceding 
 the outbreak of the Civil war, and Mr. Bangs soon dis- 
 covered that free state men were an undesired quantity 
 in that section. He was under constant surveillance 
 by the southern sympathizers, his life was threatened 
 on a number of occasions, and matters came to a cli- 
 max when twelve pro-slavery men called at his home 
 to attack him. He had been warned in tirne, however, 
 and during the time that they searched his house he 
 was safely hidden in the wild sunflowers. After they 
 had given up the search and ridden away, he mounted 
 his horse and went ten miles up the Osage river to a 
 free state settlement, there joining a party of six men 
 who were starting for Fort Scott with the intention 
 of liberating one of their companions, one Ben Rice, 
 who had been captured by slavery men and chained to 
 the floor of the jail. Of this party, John Brown, and 
 two others, Montgomery and Jameson, were the leaders. 
 They secured a twelve-pound mounted mortar rifle, 
 and, the river being high at the fort, went up to Winsitt 
 Ford, crossed the river and attacked the fort, and in 
 the fight which followed one of their number was 
 wounded, while their antagonists had several men 
 wounded and one man killed, a deputy United States 
 marshal whom it was supposed had been implicated in 
 the murder of Captain R. P. Brown. After bringing 
 their errand to a successful conclusion the little party 
 gathered in a number of negroes, whom they took to 
 Topeka, and then managed to transfer them, through 
 the famous Underground Railroad, to Canada. Later 
 Mr. Bangs returned to the east, and when the war 
 broke out, in the spring of 1861, enlisted in the First 
 Indiana Cavalry, and was later a member of the Twelfth 
 and Thirteenth Missouri Cavalry. On completing his 
 war service he drove a band of cattle across the plains 
 800 miles to Fort Garland, Colorado, where he remained 
 several years in the stock business, and then moved 
 his cattle to Wyoming on the Northern Pacific Rail- 
 road. He subsequently visited the states of Utah and 
 Oregon, spent five years on his old ranch in Wyoming, 
 was also engaged in the cattle business in Montana 
 and Dakota, and eventually went to Louisiana and 
 located near the mouth of the Sabine river. From that 
 point he went to Monterey, Mexico, where his death 
 occurred in March, 1907. Mr. Bangs married Cath- 
 erine Bartholomew, a native of New York state, and 
 they had a family of three children, of whom two are 
 living; William, who resides in Monterey, Mexico; and 
 Henrietta, who married Mr. Bean. 
 
 Granville Gibson Colthron is a native Missourian 
 who early in life became so attracted by the charm of 
 western life that he has made his home in the state of 
 Montana for the past thirty years or thereabouts, and 
 is now successfully engaged in the stock breeding busi- 
 ness, which industry he carries on at his ranch in the 
 vicinity of Billings. He was born in Pike county, Mis- 
 souri, May II, i860, being the son of Thomas and Sarah 
 Jane (Todd) Colthron, both of whom were natives of 
 the state of Virginia. Thomas Colthron was born 
 January 25, 1836, and he still lives. Of his union with 
 Sarah Jane Todd eight children were born, six of 
 whom are living, and Granville Gibson Colthron, our 
 subject, was the second child. 
 
 Thomas Colthron was a pioneer of Calumet township. 
 Pike county, Missouri, and literally hewed for himself a 
 farm out of the wilderness of that section, and his early 
 pioneer days were marked by unceasing toil and many 
 hardships. Fie built himself a two-story log house on 
 his farm in the early days of his residence there, and 
 so well did he build and so firmly that the old house 
 stands there today in a splendid state of preservation, 
 and is occupied by one of his children. 
 
 With the opening of the Civil war Thomas Colthron 
 enlisted in a Missouri regiment and served his full 
 term in the service of his country. At the conclusion 
 of his term of enlistment he was honorably discharged 
 and returned to his home in Pike county, where he 
 once more took up the old familiar rounds of daily 
 life on his farm in Calumet township. As a citizen for 
 many years of Pike county, he has occupied a place 
 of prominence and has always ranked high in the es- 
 teem and trust of his fellow men. He is of Democratic 
 persuasion, and has always been more or less inter- 
 ested in the political activities of his district. In 1900 
 he retired from active business, and since that time 
 has spent his time variously with his children. 
 
 Granville Gibson Colthron spent his boyhood in the 
 family home in Calumet township, and attended the 
 village school. When he reached the age of nineteen 
 years he became engaged in farming on his own re- 
 sponsibility, which occupation he followed for a few 
 years. He became dissatisfied with the conditions there, 
 and in 1883 when he was twenty-three years old he went 
 to Billings, Montana, arriving there on May 3rd. For 
 six months he was driver of the stage coach carrying 
 the mail between Billings and Bull Mountain, in the 
 employ of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Following 
 this, he went to Bozeman, Montana, where he followed 
 the care-free life of the “cowpuncher” for a period of 
 ten years. It was then that he learned the ranch busi- 
 ness in its smallest detail, while employed by the well- 
 known Ranch 79 and the 3-V-Ranch. During these 
 years he lived carefully, saving his wages and buying 
 cattle of his own, and in 1894 he engaged in the butcher 
 business with his father-in-law, Andrew J. Wilkinson, 
 at Billings, Montana. This occupation held him for 
 about two years after which he bought a ranch in Still- 
 water and took up farming. The move was unsatisfac- 
 tory, however, and he shortly returned to Billings after 
 selling his ranch, and became actively engaged in the 
 ice business. In the space of a year he changed his 
 interests from the ice business to the livery trade, and 
 he remained in that occupation for five years. Later he 
 sold out the entire business and put the proceeds into 
 a ranch of one hundred and seventy-five acres of farm- 
 ing land seven miles from the city of Billings. He 
 went into the business of breeding fancy horses and 
 cattle, and thus far his efforts in that line have been 
 rewarded with a very pleasurable degree of success. 
 He has on his place about a hundred head of thor- 
 oughbred horses of different strains, and a handsome 
 herd of standard Hereford cattle in goodly numbers. 
 
 In addition, Mr. Colthron has built himself a fine 
 home in Billings where he lives with his family, the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1245 
 
 close proximity of his ranch making- it possible for 
 him to make his home in the city. 
 
 On February i6, 1892, Mr. Colthron was married to 
 Miss Flora Wilkinson, who, like her husband, was 
 born in Pike county, and who is a daughter of Andrew 
 J. Wilkinson, with whom Mr. Colthron later engaged 
 in the meat business in Montana. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Colthron are the oarents of two chil- 
 dren — a daughter, Flelen, and a son, Thurston. 
 
 Albert Bourbonniere. Among the successful busi- 
 ness careers in the commercial records of Montana, 
 one that receives unequivocal recognition and admira- 
 tion is that of the well-known wholesale and retail 
 merchant of Anaconda, Albert Bourbonniere. One of 
 the most prosperous men of the state and head of the 
 Bourbonniere Wholesale and Retail Meat Company, he 
 has made his success as the result of his own well- 
 directed efforts. He has been a business builder, has 
 worked on substantial lines, and has attained a position 
 of influence and esteem wherever known. 
 
 Born on a farm at St. Tysant, Canada, on the 29th 
 of July, 1858, he had the advantages of the public 
 schools up to the age of thirteen, and then went to 
 work, following various occupations in Canada until 
 he was twenty-five years of age. He then came west 
 and for two years was a grocer’s clerk in Butte, Mon- 
 tana, during the following year was in the livery business 
 for himself at Walkerville, and then returned to Butte 
 and established a grocery business, which he con- 
 ducted successfully until 1888. In February of that 
 year, having sold his business in Butte, he established 
 in Anaconda a wholesale meat concern, which was the 
 beginning of the business which has been developed 
 under his management to the present large and 
 important establishment among Anaconda’s largest 
 mercantile houses. This is not the only enterprise to 
 which he has given his time and energies since taking 
 up his residence in Montana. He has been interested 
 in mining, owning some valuable properties in the min- 
 ing districts, and also has ranch lands and city real 
 estate. Along with material prosperity he has won 
 many friends, and both in private life and business 
 affairs enjoys a wholehearted esteem. 
 
 In politics a Republican, in the fall of 1910 he was 
 called upon by his fellow citizens to serve a six years’ 
 term as county commissioner, an office in which he is 
 giving efficient service to the people. In Masonry he 
 has taken twelve degrees, and is also affiliated with 
 the Elks. In earlier years he was much given to the 
 sports afield. 
 
 Mr. Bourbonniere was the son of Demas and Vita- 
 line (Morin) Bourbonniere, both natives of Canada. 
 His father, now deceased, was a substantial farmer, and 
 his mother still resides on the old home farm. Their 
 children, besides Albert, were as follows : Louis, of 
 
 North Adams, Massachusetts; Alexander, who is a 
 farmer in Canada; Joseph, deceased, who was a prom- 
 inent publisher at Fall River, Massachusetts ; Charles, 
 also a resident of that city ; Eulalia, now Mrs, Daud- 
 lin, of Connecticut ; Rose, the wife of Louis Elbert, of 
 North Adams, Massachusetts ; and Marian, married 
 and a resident of Rockston Falls, Canada. 
 
 George W. Husted. By reason of more than 15 
 Husted is entitled to be named as the oldest druggist 
 in Livingston, where he is also known as a man of 
 the highest integrity and business probity, and a citi- 
 zen who has ever had the welfare of his municipality 
 at heart. Practically the whole of Mr. Husted’s career 
 has been spent in the line of endeavor in which he is 
 now engaged, and his years of experience have made 
 him thoroughly conversant with every branch of phar- 
 maceutical work, thus assuring his patrons of expert 
 attention. Mr. Husted is a native of Sauk Center. 
 Stearns county, Minnesota, and was born April 21, 
 1865, a son of Wilson and Abigail (Pease) Husted. 
 
 Wilson Husted was born in Steuben county. New 
 York, in 1821, and there assisted his father in his 
 farming and woolen mill operations. In 1852 he made 
 his way to Blue Earth county, Minnesota, locating near 
 the present site of Garden City, where he was a 
 pioneer. Subsequently he removed to Douglas county, 
 Minnesota, and while there enlisted in the First Minne- 
 sota Volunteers to repulse the attacks of the hostile 
 Indians. He was later at Fort Ripley, Kansas, under 
 the command of General Sibley, and for a time was de- 
 tailed to take horses north to recuperate after the close 
 of the war. When his service was completed he re- 
 turned to his Douglas county -home, but in i86g went 
 to Pennsylvania, where he spent two years, then again 
 locating in Douglas county, and there he died in the 
 faith of the Baptist church, in 1874. He was a stal- 
 wart Republican in politics, but never held office. His 
 wife, born in Porter county, Pennsylvania, in 1825, 
 died in 1909, having been the mother of seven children, 
 of whom George W. is the only survivor. 
 
 The early education of George W. Husted was se- 
 cured in a log schoolhouse near his father’s farm in 
 Douglas county. He was but nine years of age when 
 his father died, and as a youth started to learn the drug 
 business in Alexandria. Minnesota. He was only eigh- 
 teen years old when he first came to Livingston, and 
 after he had worked for a time in a brickyard was 
 able to send for his mother. In 1884 thev located on 
 a tract of land three miles up the canyon from Living- 
 ston, where they engaged in dairying and gardening, 
 although a part of the youth’s time was spent in work- 
 ing in a drug store in Livingston. After about seven 
 years Mr. Husted and his mother removed to the 
 Crow Indian reservation, where they had a drove of 
 cattle, but he still gave the greater part of his atten- 
 tion to_ the drug business, having formed a partner- 
 ship with Judge Bender in the spring of 1875, under 
 the firm name of Bender & Husted. This association 
 continued until July, 1895, when Mr. Husted purchased 
 the interests of his partner, and since that time has 
 carried on the business alone, thus being the oldest 
 pharmacist in Livingston. He has a well-equipped, 
 fully stocked establishment at No. 119 W. Park street, 
 where may be found all articles usual to a first-class 
 pharmacy. In the filling of prescriptions he has built 
 up a large trade, his absolute accuracy having won 
 the confidence of the people. Although the drug busi- 
 ness demands the greater part of his time, he still 
 engages to some extent in stock raising and has been 
 successful in exhibitions of an agricultural nature. In 
 his political views, Mr. Husted is Republican. He 
 takes an active interest in fraternal work, and belongs 
 to Livingston Lodge No. 246, B. P. O. E., and Yellow- 
 stone Lodge No. 10, K. P. 
 
 Mr. Husted was married March 24, 1894, to Miss 
 Gertrude Lewellin, who was born at Wilkes Barre, 
 Pennsylvania, daughter of Charles E. and Elizabeth 
 (Henry) Lewellin. Her father, who is now deceased, 
 came to Montana in 1889, and was associated with 
 Marcus Daly in surveying the Aldredge mines. His 
 widow survives him and resides in Livingston, being a 
 well-known member of the Episcopal church, as are 
 also her three daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Husted have 
 two daughters ; Wiletta G. and Mildred W. 
 
 Robert Davis Alton, M. D., is a native of Carbon- 
 dale, Pennsylvania, and was born February 9, i860, a 
 son of Davis and Helen Caroline (Williams) Alton. 
 His father, a native of New York, and a graduate of 
 Williams College, removed to Pennsylvania as a 
 young man, and prior to the outbreak of the 
 Civil war was engaged in railroad building in 
 Kentucky. When hostilities began he joined the Union 
 service, in the paymaster’s department, and at the close 
 of the struggle removed to Sanduski', Ohio, where he 
 
124G 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 was engaged in the practice of his profession until 
 his death in 1867. His wife, a native of Connecticut, 
 survived him until 1884 and died at the age of fifty- 
 four years. 1 'hey had two children; Jesse W., who 
 at the lime of his death, wdien forty-four years old, 
 was engaged in business in Cleveland, Ohio ; and Robert 
 Davis. 
 
 The early education of Robert D. Alton was secured 
 in the schools of Burlington, New Jersey, and in 1882 
 he w'as graduated from the medical department of 
 Wooster College, Cleveland, Ohio. Subsequently he 
 took post-graduate work in Chicago and New York 
 City, and in 1883 came to Livingston, Montana, where 
 he has since been engaged in a general practice. He 
 has a large and representative practice, and as a close 
 ;md careful student has advanced in his profession along 
 with the progress made in the science of medicine. 
 He takes an active interest in the work of the Park 
 County Medical Society, the Montana State Medical 
 Society and the American Medical Association, of all 
 of which he is a valued member, and has also shown 
 himself an advocate of education by serving as a 
 member of the school board. Fraternally, the doctor 
 is connected with Livingston Lodge No. 32, A. F. & 
 A. A'L, Livingston Chapter No, 7. R. A. M., and St. 
 Bernard Commandery No. 6, K. T. His politics are 
 those of the Republican party, hut he has not cared 
 to enter the public arena as an office seeker. 
 
 On February 15, 1888, Dr. Alton was married to 
 Miss Anna IMintie, who was born in Wisconsin, daugh- 
 ter of Fergus L. and Elinor (Russell) Mintie, natives 
 of that state, the former of whom died at the age of 
 sixty years, while the latter still survives and makes 
 lier home in Livingston. Mrs. Alton has one brother, 
 Arthur. Mr. Mintie served as a lieutenant in a Con- 
 necticut volunteer regiment durin.g the Civil war, after 
 the close of wdiich he removed to Wisconsin and en- 
 gaged in the lumber business. He sulisequently fol- 
 lowed the same line in Kansas, and his career was 
 finished at Oswego, Oregon. A prominent Republican, 
 he represented his district in the Oregon legislature, 
 and was also well known in Masonry, havin.g reached 
 the Shriller de.gree. Dr. and Mrs. Alton have had one 
 son; Robert M., who is now a law student in the 
 University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. 
 
 CoLONKL Francis M. Malone. With an unblemished 
 record for integrity in his business dealings, and hold- 
 ing prestige as a veteran of the Civil war. Colonel 
 Francis M. Malone, of Miles City, is one of those 
 whose names are indelibly associated with the progress 
 of Montana since the commencement of its phenome- 
 nal development in recent years. Colonel Malone was 
 horn at Toronto. Vermilion county, Indiana, July 31, 
 1838. and is a son of William L. and Nancy (Winn) 
 Malone. His father was a native of Center county, 
 Pennsylvania, where he was horn in 1803, and when 
 a young man removed to Health township. Vermil- 
 ion county, Indiana, where he took up government 
 land and spent the remainder of his life, dying in 
 May, 1878. Mrs. Malone, mother of the Colonel, was 
 horn at Zanesville, Stark county, Ohio, and died at 
 the age of tliirty-five years, having been the mother 
 of a large family, Francis iU. being the second in or- 
 der of birth. 
 
 Colonel Malone spent his boyhood days under the 
 parental roof, attending the district schools in winter 
 and working on the home farm in summer until he 
 was eighteen years of age, at which time he went to 
 Aloweaqua, Shelby county, Illinois, and secured em- 
 ployment as a farm hand. There, on August 12, 1861, 
 he enlisted in a company which tendered its services 
 to Governor _ Yates, but the quota then being full, it 
 was sent with three companies f’'om Chicago and 
 one from Bureau county. Illinois, to Quincy, where 
 it was enrolled and mustered into the service of what 
 
 was then the First Kansas Cavalry, afterwards changed 
 into the Seventh Kansas, known as the John Brown, 
 Jr., Regiment, Captain Brown, of Ashtabula, Ohio, 
 commanding a company in the regiment. Subse- 
 quently the company was ordered to Fort Leaven- 
 worth, Kansas, • and there the regiment was organized 
 as the First Kansas Cavalry, Colonel Malone being 
 mustered in as captain of Company F, September 14, 
 1861. The regiment took part in the campaign along 
 the borders of Missouri, and in the early part of 1862 
 was ordered to Shiloh, but its destination was subse- 
 quently changed to Columbus, Kentucky. It partici- 
 pated in the opening of the railroad to Corinth, Mis- 
 sissippi, reporting to General Rosecrans, and being 
 assigned to a brigade commanded by Colonel Philip 
 Sheridan, The organization was in many hard-fought 
 battles with the Sixteenth Army Corps, commanded 
 by General A. J. Smith. They re-enlisted as veterans 
 iMovember 19, 1864, being the first regiment in the 
 brigade in Mississippi granted a furlough to return 
 home, and from Fort Leavenworth the regiment was 
 ordered to St. Louis. From there it was sent to re- 
 port to General Canby at New Orleans, but was taken 
 off the boats at Memphis, Tennessee, and ordered to 
 report to General A. J. Smith, being subsequently 
 sent out against General Forest after participating with 
 General Smith in many of the engagements he was 
 in. Captain Malone was promoted to the rank of 
 major, August 12, 1863, and was made lieutenant- 
 colonel November 17, 1864. He was commissioned 
 colonel of the regiment by Governor Crawford, Init 
 not having the required number of men could not 
 muster in. After the close of the Civil war he par- 
 ticipated in Indian engagements and was permanent 
 post commander at Fort Carney, Nebraska, but was 
 ordered to Fort Leavenworth, and was there mus- 
 tered out September 29, 1865, with his regiment. Dur- 
 ing the battle of Shiloh. Colonel Malone fought with 
 the Thirty-second Illinois, being on detached duty at 
 that time, and he was also with his own regiment in 
 all of its battles, which included ; Litttle Blue, Santa 
 Fe, Independence, Columbus, Kossuth, Rienzi, Bald- 
 win, luka, Corinth, Ruckersville, Jumpertown, Cold- 
 water, Holly Springs, Oxford, Germantown, Coldwater 
 Station, Salisbury, Leighton, Tupelo, Florence, Swal- 
 low’s Bluff, Harrisburg, Byhalia, Wyatt, Memphis, 
 Ripley, King’s Creek, Lafayette, New Albany, Ellis- 
 town, Tallahatchee River, and Hurricane Creek. The 
 regiment, which belonged to Washburn’s Division 
 of the Sixteenth Army Corps, lost fifty-eight killed 
 and 1 15 from disease. During the engagement at Wy- 
 att, Mississippi, the Union forces were fighting des- 
 perately against odds, but were handicapped by be- 
 ing subjected to a withering fire from a block house 
 occupied on the left by the Confederates. Colonel 
 Malone, at that time major, informed General Phil- 
 lips that with five hundred men he believed he could 
 take the Confederate position, and after a brave and 
 gallant charge at ten o’clock at night this was ac- 
 complished. While riding near the fort, however. 
 Major Malone’s horse fell backwards into a deep 
 well, pulling him with it, and it was not until after 
 the battle had finished that he was discovered, badly 
 injured. His men succeeded in drawing him out 
 of the well with ropes, a matter of some forty feet. 
 The horse, however, was left to its fate. Colonel 
 Malone’s army record entitles him to the respect and 
 esteem of all who appreciate the great service ren- 
 dered by the heroes of the war between the states. 
 A brave and gallant soldier, ever ready to lead his 
 men into the thickest of the fight and never asking 
 them to go where he would not himself venture, he 
 won the admiration of the ranks and the esteem of 
 his fellow officers. 
 
 .“\fter being mustered out of the service. Colonel 
 Alalone engaged for a time in railroad contracting in 
 
%/ ^ ^,771 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1247 
 
 Illinois, and subsequently identified himself with lead 
 mining in Kansas and near Joplin, Missouri. During 
 1878 and 1879 he was in the gold and silver fields of 
 Leadville, Colorado, then returning to Indianapolis, 
 Indiana, and engaging in the live stock commission 
 business. Subsequently he was employed by the Chi- 
 cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad as traveling 
 freight agent, with headquarters at Indianapolis, and 
 in 1883 came to Miles City, Montana, as representative 
 of the company's live stock department. He was later 
 made general agent for this road to cover all the 
 territory to Puget Sound and Seattle, Washington, 
 with headquarters in Helena, M9ntana, a capacity in 
 which he served until being retired on half pay, in 
 iMarch, 1907. The following year he was retired with- 
 out pay. Colonel Malone has been extensively en- 
 gaged in the sheep business for a number of years, 
 and at the present time is a member of the firm of 
 Malone & Thomas. At the time the battleship Maine 
 was sunk in Havana Harbor, he offered his services 
 to the United States by wiring to the Hon. Thomas 
 H. Carter, United States senator from Montana at 
 that time, and on April i, 1898, received a compli- 
 mentary reply in which the senator stated he would 
 take pleasure in transmitting the message to the 
 Secretary of War. A stanch Republican in his politi- 
 cal proclivities. Colonel Malone was a state commis- 
 sioner to erect the State Insane Asylum at Anna, Il- 
 linois, and the State Normal School at Carbondale, 
 Illinois; was presidential elector from Montana in 
 1892, and a delegate from the state to the Republi- 
 can convention at Chicago in 1908. He is a member 
 of Pana Lodge, No. 226, A. F. & A. M., Pana, Illi- 
 nois; Pana Chapter, No. 115, R. A. iM. ; Miles Com- 
 mandery. No. 11, K. T., Miles City; and Algeria Tem- 
 ple, A. A. O. N. M. S., Helena. He also belongs to 
 the Military Order of Loyal Legions of the United 
 States, Commandery of the State of Minnesota, St. 
 Paul ; and is a member of iMiles City Lodge, No. 
 537, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On March 8, i860. Colonel Malone was united m 
 marriage with Miss Elizabeth Casey, who was born 
 at Moweaqua, Shelby county, Illinois, daughter of 
 Levi and Sarah Casey. ]Mr. Casey, whose birth oc- 
 curred at Vanburensburg, near Vandalia, was the first 
 white child born in Bond county, Illinois, and the 
 greater part of his life was spent in agricultural pur- 
 suits in the Prairie state, where he died at the age of 
 seventy years. Elizabeth was the oldest of five chil- 
 dren. On March 8, 1910, Colonel and Mrs. Malone 
 celebrated their golden wedding at Wibaux Hall, 
 Miles City, when they were the recipients of many 
 handsome presents from their numerous friends in 
 the city. As to the personal worth of Colonel Ma- 
 lone, it may be said that no man’s character, in this 
 respect, will stand a severer scrutiny, for in all the 
 transactions of life his conduct is marked by the most 
 scrupulous integrity, and he guards his honor with 
 that sensitive care which has ever kept it far above 
 suspicion. 
 
 Thomas Jefferson Porter. One of the representa- 
 tive members of the Montana legal profession, who has 
 been a resident of Miles City for more than a quarter 
 of a century, is Thomas Jefferson Porter, whose long 
 and useful career has lieen characterized by his con- 
 nection with many important cases in litigation. He is 
 a native of the Buckeye state, having been born No- 
 vember 17, 1858, near Gallipolis, Gallia county, Ohio, 
 and is a son of James V. and Mary A. (Leaper) Por- 
 ter. 
 
 James V. Porter, also a native of Ohio, passed his 
 life in farming and stock growing. Clinton Porter, 
 the paternal great-grandfather of Thomas J., went from 
 the north of Ireland to England, and from thence, dur- 
 ing the Revolutionary war, came to America in com- 
 
 pany with his brothers. They left the English port as 
 stowawar's in pork barrels, coming to this country be- 
 cause they sympathized with the colonists in their at- 
 tempt to throw off the yoke of British oppression, but 
 while on the trip across the ocean they were discovered 
 and one of the brothers was pressed into the service of 
 the English navy. He was able to de.sert, however, 
 and joined his brothers in giving aid to the American 
 patriots. The family were shipbuilders by vocation, 
 and after immigrating to Marietta, Ohio, built two 
 small vessels for Aaron Burr and Harman Blenner- 
 hassett, with which they started down the Ohio river, 
 the great-grandfather of Mr. Porter losing his life on 
 this trip, while attempting to pass over the falls of the 
 Ohio. He is buried in Louisville, Kentucky. The other 
 boat was delivered to Colonel Burr, and it is a matter 
 of record that this traitor to his country’s cause never 
 made payment for the vessel. The great-grandfather 
 of Mr. Porter left two sons : Thomas J., the grand- 
 father of our subject; and James D., who was known 
 as the “Kentucky Giant,” and resided at Louisville. 
 The mother of Mr. Porter was born in Steubenville, 
 Ohio, a daughter of John L. Leaper, who was a steam- 
 boat captain up to the time of the Civil war, when he 
 entered the Union army as captain of the Seventh Ohio 
 Cavalry, serving under Generals Hayes, Garfield and 
 McKinley, and being mustered out as colonel of his 
 regiment. James V. and Mary A. (Leaper) Porter had 
 eight children, of whom Thomas Jefferson was the 
 eldest. 
 
 The early education of Thomas J. Porter was secured 
 in the public schools, and this was supplemented by a 
 three years’ attendance at the State Normal School, 
 Lebanon. In the fall of 1876 he engaged in teaching, 
 a profession which he followed for three years in Ohio, 
 and then returned to the normal school and completed 
 the prescribed course, graduating with the class of 
 1882. His success as an educator resulted in his soon 
 becoming superintendent of the public schools of Jack- 
 son, Tennessee, and there he organized and perfected 
 a methodical and properly graded school system and 
 also conducted the first summer normal school of 
 Tennessee. After continuing at Jackson for two years 
 he returned to Lebanon, Ohio, and taught two years. 
 For some time he had desired to enter the field of law, 
 and with this end in view had spent all of his leisure 
 hours in careful studj% being well prepared to enter 
 the offices of John E. Smith, a prominent attorney of 
 Lebanon, with whom he continued until the fall of 1886. 
 He was then admitted to the bar of the state, and 
 during the same year came to IMontana as principal 
 of the Miles City schools, bringing with him a letter 
 of introduction from President McKinley to ex-Gov- 
 ernor Potts, who had for twelve years been the incum- 
 bent of the gubernatorial office in the territory of Mon- 
 tana. At the end of his second year at Miles City, Mr. 
 Porter resigned the superintendency of the schools and 
 entered into a professional partnership with Judge J. 
 W. Strevell, this alliance continuing for many years, 
 during which the associates built up a large and profit- 
 able clientele. 
 
 In his political belief Mr. Porter is an earnest Repub- 
 lican, and has always been active in his support of that 
 organization’s candidates and policies. In 1896 he was 
 elected county attorney, and the excellent service he 
 rendered during his first term resulted in his election to 
 succeed himself. He was the Republican nominee for 
 attorney general in 1900. but owing to the political 
 conditions then existing met with defeat at the polls. 
 He made a thorough and vigorous canvass, speaking 
 in every city and town of appreciable population in 
 the state. Mr. Porter has been intimately connected 
 with much important litigation, both civil and criminal. 
 He was prosecutor in the Indian cases growing out of 
 the murder of John Hoover, and also in the Geddes’ 
 case, while he was assistant prosecuting attorney at 
 
]iM8 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Glendive in the Hurst murder case. Through his ef- 
 forts. to a considerable degree, was secured from the 
 millionaire steel magnate and philanthropist, Andrew 
 Carnegie, the contribution of $10,000 for the establish- 
 ment ”of’ the Carnegie Public Library at Miles City, 
 and in many other causes and ways he has shown his 
 deep interest in the progress and prosperity of his city, 
 countv and state. Fraternally Mr. Porter is affiliated 
 with the I. O. O. F., the B. P. O. E. and the K. of 
 P., in all of which he is immensely popular, and in the 
 latter organization served as grand chancellor of the 
 Grand Lodge of the state in 1897. 
 
 Mr Porter was married January 23, 1901, to Miss 
 Iflizabeth Hawley, who was born in Northumberland 
 county, Pennsylvania, daughter of John B. Hawley, for 
 a number of years an influential citizen of the Key- 
 stone state. He died March the 29, 1912, at his home m 
 Miles City. 
 
 E. Palmer Searles. The present generation has 
 little conception of what was endured by the early pio- 
 neers of Montana, or appreciation of the changes that 
 have taken place in agricultural methods,, and which 
 have transformed ranch life to such an extent that 
 today it offers more inducements than at any previous 
 time in the country’s history. These conditions may be 
 the result of the endurance and bravery of those who 
 blazed the trail for civilization. Yellowstone county 
 has a most interesting history, made so by the activities 
 of its pioneers, and a record of their lives is appropriate 
 ■ ind necessary in preparing a work that has to do with 
 the locality. Prominent among the highly esteemed 
 citizens of Park City, one who came to the Yellow- 
 stone valley as a pioneer, and whose life has been active 
 and full of thrilling experiences, is E. Palmer Searles, 
 who now is living retired. He was born in Norwich, 
 Ontario, June 9 > 1848, and is a son of Samuel and 
 Hannah (Palmer) Searles. 
 
 Samuel Searles, who was a farmer by occupation, 
 was also a native of Ontario, and until 1856 carried on 
 operations on a farm in Canada. In that year he re- 
 moved to the Territory of Wisconsin, settling in the 
 wilderness where he cleared and cultivated a farm, 
 and there died in 1906', at the age of seventy-six years. 
 Politically a Republican, he held various township of- 
 fices, and for twenty-eight years acted as postmaster 
 at Oasis, Waussaro county, Wisconsin. His wife passed 
 away in 1905, when seventy-two years of age, having 
 been the mother of seven sons and two daughters, only 
 one of the children being^ deceased. 
 
 E. Palmer Searles received his education^ in the pub- 
 lic schools of Waussaro county, Wisconsin, and was 
 reared to agricultural pursuits on the wild Wisconsin 
 property. When he was twenty-two years of age he 
 left home and went to the city of Fond du Lac, Wiscon- 
 sin, where he entered the employ of C. J. Myers, in a 
 sash, door and blind factory. Subsequently, he re- 
 moved to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he secured em- 
 ployment as a carpenter until the spring of 1882, when 
 he joined a colony known as the Ripon Colony, from 
 Ripon, Wisconsin. This little band of emigrants took 
 the train as far as Miles City, Montana, the western 
 terminus of the railroad, and from that point traveled 
 overland, the men walking and the women and children 
 riding in wagons. They arrived at old Coulson, vvhere 
 the city of Billings now stands, and after remaining 
 here for about a week, Mr. Searles moved on up the 
 Yellowstone to the present site of Park City, where he 
 took up a homestead. 
 
 During the winter of 1883-4 the Indians made a raid 
 on the settlers, stealing a number of horses from Mr. 
 Searles and his neighbors, a Mr. McCool and Mr. 
 Sweet, the latter of whom had notified Mr. Searles of 
 the raid. As soon as possible, Mr. Sweet and Mr. 
 Searles started out on the trail of the Indians, it being 
 arranged that Mr. McCool was to stay and organize a 
 
 party to follow them, to give them assistance if neces- 
 sary, and to bring along food and blankets. The pur- 
 suers followed the hostiles into the Lake basin and up 
 to the ranch of W. J. Sackett, where they arrived at 
 nine o’clock at night. While warming themselves at 
 the latter’s home, the night being bitterly cold, a party 
 of neighbors passed by Sackett’s house, unaware of 
 their presence, and thus oroper connections, as before 
 planned, were not made. Again Mr. Searles and Mr. 
 Sackett and Mr. McCool took up the trail and during 
 the trip met up with three friendly Indians, one of 
 whom was a chief. Plenty Cows. Accompanied by the 
 three Indians, at daybreak they overtook the raiding 
 party, finding them asleep behind some rocks, and an 
 attack was immediately made, two of the hostiles being 
 killed. After recovering their horses, the little party 
 stood guard over the animals all day Sunday, awaiting 
 the arrival of the relief party. Subsequently they re- 
 moved to the Rimrocks, out of rifle range of the 
 Indians, but soon became intensely hungry and were 
 compelled to kill a calf and eat the meat raw. No shel- 
 ter could be found, but they continued to wait for the 
 relief party, whom it was afterwards found had become 
 lost during the heavy blizzard. During this long and 
 tedious wait, the chief Plenty Cows formed a diversion 
 by asking permission to go and get the scalps of the two 
 Indians who had been killed, and this being granted, he 
 and two others went and brought the bodies into the 
 camp. At this time Charles Ames and Reuben Tate 
 found their camp, and the party started to find its way 
 back at nine o’clock Sunday night. After traveling 
 about five miles, however, the storm had increased to 
 such an extent that it was decided inadvisable to con- 
 tinue, and the camp was accordingly pitched in the sage 
 brush, where the little band was compelled to remain 
 until the light of morning should give them their direc- 
 tion. At about ten o’clock the following morning the 
 storm cleared somewhat, but they were still unable to 
 tell where they were, and as they knew they could not 
 remain longer in their position agreed upon a plan that 
 has often been used by plainsmen when lost. The idea 
 was for all to group themselves around a pole, and 
 when the pole dropped it was to decide their direction. 
 Without more ado they took up the direction indicated 
 and after traveling about an hour came to a point which 
 they recognized and soon headed for Sackett’s home be- 
 fore reaching which they met a party coming with pro- 
 visions and blankets. Mr. Searles arrived home dur- 
 ing that afternoon, little the worse for his thrilling ex- 
 periences. The foregoing is only an instance of the 
 various hardships and trials the early settlers were con- 
 stantly forced to face, and it is due to the bravery and 
 persistence of these men that the wilderness has been 
 conquered and the State developed into g great com- 
 mercial center. For many years Mr. Searles was en- 
 gaged in cattle raising and farming, and in 1906 when 
 the Montana Land and Improvement Company sold its 
 interests in its irrigation ditch to the farmers, he bought 
 thirty shares of stock and became superintendent of 
 the ditch. During his administration of affairs he in- 
 creased the capacity from 9,500 inches of water to 
 20,000 inches, but in 1908 he retired from active life 
 and his only business interests now consist of looking 
 after his rented property. He is a Republican in poli- 
 tics, but takes only a good citizen’s interest in public 
 affairs, and his only fraternal connection is with Bil- 
 lings Lodge No. 349, B. P. O. E. _ 
 
 In 1872 Mr. Searles was married to Miss Florence 
 Stevens, who was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, 
 daughter of Reuben Stevens, who died at Fond du 
 Lac soon after the Civil war of disease contracted 
 while serving in a Wisconsin regiment. He was a 
 cooper by trade, but also followed farming, and was 
 the father of four children, Mrs. Searles being the 
 second in order of birth. Mr. Searles well merits the 
 high esteem in which he is held as one of the Yellow- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1249 
 
 stone valley’s pioneers. He has done much to ad- 
 vance the welfare of his community, and during the 
 long period in which he has resided here has gained 
 and retained many warm friendships. 
 
 Evans A. Carleton, now one of the leading attorneys 
 of Helena, has probably had more influence than any 
 other one man on the school system of Montana and 
 the formation of her institutions of higher learning. He 
 was born in Franklin county, Maine, in 1858. His 
 father, Thomas Carleton, was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, 
 his paternal grandfather having come to America dur- 
 ing the colonial days took an active part in the struggle 
 for independence. Both Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Carle- 
 ton were born and raised in the same county where 
 later, their own family grew to manhood and woman- 
 hood. Mr. Carleton was a carpenter by trade but spent 
 much of his time on the farm. His wife, Hannah Parker, 
 belonged to one of the best families of old New England. 
 After bringing into the world a family of twelve chil- 
 dren, she passed away in 1886. Her husband survived 
 her by scarcely a year. 
 
 Of the family remaining, two are living in Maine, 
 one in Massachusetts and the son, Evans A., in Mon- 
 tana. He is the only one of the Carletons who has 
 had the temerity to try life outside the boundaries of 
 good old New England. Even he passed his boyhood 
 days in Maine receiving his early education in the rural 
 schools of Franklin county. Later, he entered the Maine 
 Wesleyan University from which institution he was 
 graduated with high honors in the class of 1881. For 
 much of the time during his years of study, he con- 
 tributed toward his own support by teaching during his 
 vacations and working on the farm through the harvest 
 season. After his graduation he taught in the public 
 school of Maine. He came to Helena, Montana, where 
 in the fall of 1883 and ’84 he acted as principal of one 
 of the ward schools being elected the following year to 
 the principalship of the Helena high school. In 1889, 
 the red letter year in the history of Montana when she 
 doffed her swaddling clothes and stood forth as a full 
 grown sister state, Mr. Carleton was made city super- 
 intendent of the Helena schools. It was under his deft 
 hand that the school system of the city took on its 
 present systematic form and became recognized as one 
 of the best in the state. After thoroughly organizing 
 these schools he returned to his old home in Maine that 
 he might read law in the office of his brother, L. T. 
 Carleton. From this office, in 1891, he was admitted to 
 the bar of Maine. Returning to Helena, the chosen city 
 of his adoption, during the ensuing spring, he was 
 admitted, on motion to the practice of that state. On 
 beginning his professional career he obtained office 
 room with Mr. A. K. Barber, one of the well-known 
 attorneys. Later he officed for some months alone be- 
 fore forming a partnership with Mr. A. P. Heywood. 
 Thi^ association lasted for two years, until Mr. Carle- 
 ton was elected superintendent of public instruction for 
 the state of Montana. Although a Republican of in- 
 fluence, he was elected, in this case, on a fusion ticket. 
 A ready and enthusiastic speaker, Mr. Carleton is much 
 in demand during the political campaigns. His New 
 England conservatism and accurate knowledge of party 
 issues make his advice in party councils valuable in- 
 deed. At the time of fight for the location of the state 
 capital his work for Helena was of much importance 
 in the final settlement. Mr. Carleton is one of the lead- 
 ing members of the Progressive party in Montana. 
 
 Mr. Carleton after devoting so many years to the 
 service of the city and the state is now enjoying a de- 
 servedly lucrative practice in his profession. Few posi- 
 tions were as important as that of superntendent of pub- 
 lic instruction at the time that iTe was acting in that 
 capacity. It meant that he shaped the school system of 
 Montana as he had previously done in Helena and that 
 he was a powerful factor in the formation of her in- 
 
 stitutions of higher learning. He now has offices in the 
 Bailey building, rooms one and two. 
 
 In fraternal circles he has taken no very prominent 
 part devoting most of his time to things of a more 
 serious nature. He belongs however to the Woodmen 
 of the World and to the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows. He is, of course, a member of the bar Associa- 
 tions of both Lewis and Clark county and the state 
 of Montana. 
 
 Evans A. Carleton was married in 1882, to Miss 
 Emma E. Gage of Dover, New Hampshire, who is a 
 direct descendant of John Adams. The following year 
 they made for themselves a home in Helena where they 
 have since lived. Two children, one son and one daugh- 
 ter have been born to the union. The son, Frank E. 
 Carleton resides in Lewistown, Montana. He was mar- 
 ried, a few years since, to Miss Lena Connelly of 
 Lewiston, Montana. The daughter. Marguerite E. 
 Carleton is now the wife of Marion W. Hulse. They 
 were joined in marriage during February of 1911 in 
 Los Angeles, California, where they still make their 
 home. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Evans Carleton have their residence 
 at No. 7, North Harrison avenue, Helena. 
 
 Francis Adkinson. Indiana has contributed many 
 men of eminence in various lines to the upbuilding of 
 Helena, and among them are a number she has bred 
 and educated in the profession and then passed on to 
 Helena. Of these fine citizens none was better known 
 than Francis Adkinson, who from 1883 to 1912 was 
 engaged in the practice of law in this city. His reputa- 
 tion as one of the prominent lawyers of the state had 
 been reinforced during the passing years, in which 
 he had appeared in connection with many important 
 cases and he had many noteworthy forensic victories to 
 his credit. He was a strong advocate before court or 
 jury and not only marshalled his causes with great 
 ability, but also brought to bear the strength of a firm 
 and upright character, so that he gained and held the 
 inviolable confidence and regard of his fellow prac- 
 titioners, and also of the general public. During his 
 career he held several public trusts with entire satis- 
 faction to all concerned and with honor to himself. 
 
 Mr. Adkinson was born in Switzerland county, In- 
 diana, March 14, 1831. His father, Samuel Adkinson, 
 was a native of Pennsylvania, his life record having 
 been begun in the Keystone state, September 26, 1804. 
 He came a pioneer to Switzerland county, Indiana, be- 
 ing a mere boy at the time and being in company with 
 his _ parents. He followed agriculture and died in 
 Switzerland county on August 31, 1873. His father 
 was born in 1780 in Pennsylvania, and his father, the 
 great-grandfather of the subject, an Englishman by 
 birth, was the founder of this branch of the Adkinson 
 farnily in America. The subject’s father was a quiet, 
 retiring man, but one who enjoyed the respect of all who 
 knew him. He was never active in politics. The 
 mother, whose maiden name was Jane McHenry, was 
 also a native of Pennsylvania, and the daughter of 
 Joseph McHenry, an early settler in Switzerland coun- 
 ty, where she and her husband were united in mar- 
 riage in April, 1830. There she lived out her useful 
 life and passed to the Great Beyond on January 6, 
 1872, the remains of these two good pioneer citizens 
 being there interred. Of the children born to them 
 seven lived to reach years of maturity, Francis being 
 the first born of the number. 
 
 Francis Adkinson received his preliminary education 
 in the district schools of his native county and received 
 his higher education in Morefield Academy, attending 
 school to the age of nineteen years. His early life 
 was passed amid the rural surroundings of his father’s 
 farm, and his first occupation was in a pedagogical ca- 
 pacity in Switzerland county, and one year in Grant 
 county, Kentucky. Upon returning from the Blue- 
 
1250 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 {^rass state he began the study of law in^the office of 
 James F. Jelley, in Ohio county, Indiana, and later in 
 that of Daniel S. Major. Upon his admission to the 
 bar, he took up his residence in Vevay, the judicial 
 center of Switzerland county, and there inaugurated 
 his practice of the law. In 1856 he was elected prose- 
 cuting attorney for the second judicial district com- 
 prising seven counties. In i860 he was elected judge 
 and near the close of his term of four years located in 
 Lawrenceburg, remaining there until 1864. He then re- 
 moved to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, and practiced there 
 until his migration to the west in 1883. During his 
 residence in Lawrenceburg he served as circuit prosecut- 
 ing attorney for the first judicial district of the state of 
 Indiana, the same comprising seven counties, and for 
 two years held this post, the appointment to which had 
 been'so high a compliment to his standing and powers. 
 Before leaving Vevay he served as common pleas judge 
 for five counties, and for four years served on the 
 bench. 
 
 Mr. Adkinson’s identification with Llelena dated from 
 January 29, 1883, and for the ensuing thirty years he 
 continued to be a resident, his loyalty to the city and 
 its institutions ever being of the staunchest sort. 
 Shortly after arriving here he was appointed register 
 of the LTnited States land office at Llelena, this appoint- 
 ment lieing made by President Arthur. The balance 
 of his time was devoted to professional practice, which 
 was of a general character and in which he was wonder- 
 fully sucessful. Mr. Adkinson subscribed to the articles 
 of faith of the Republican i^art'-, but in late years he 
 had taken no active part in politics. He was one of 
 the prominent and influential members of the Lewis 
 & Clark Bar Association. 
 
 On December 5, i860, he laid one of the important 
 stones in the foundation of his success by his marriage 
 to Miss Frances A. Roberts, their union being cele- 
 brated at Quincy, Illinois. Mrs. Adkinson was born 
 January 29, 1840, and is a daughter of George Anthony 
 Roberts, a native of Rhode Island and a pioneer settler 
 in Ripley county, Indiana, and of Mary Watts Rice, 
 ,gr;mddaughtcr of Judge Walts, a well-known pioneer 
 of soutliern Indiana. The name of Roberts is one 
 highly esteemed in that section of the Hoosier state. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Adkinson had no children. 
 
 The beautiful country home of the .\dkinson family 
 is situated at Kenwood, one of the loveliest suburbs 
 of Helena, and the offices of Mr. Adkinson were at 
 510 Powers building. 
 
 .Mr. .'\dkinson was a poor boy. and he made his 
 way to honor and usefulness unaided. Lie always took 
 a firm stand for whatever he considered to be for the 
 best interests of the community and society in general 
 and always endeavored to follow after the things 
 that made for harmony in all the relations of life. In 
 politics he was a life long Republican. Judge Adkin- 
 son died on July 2, 1912. 
 
 John Blatchford Collins. In the motto which 
 greets the eye in his offices and adorns his stationery, 
 reading — "Don’t Be a Parlor Car, — Be the Engine,” 
 may be found an index to the character of John Blatch- 
 ford Collins, a prominent citizen of Miles City. Montana, 
 and a man \yell known over the state, both in busi- 
 ness and politics. Energy and activity have marked 
 every stage of his career, as his motto indicates, he 
 has striven to be the leading force in his enterprises, and, 
 often in pushing to the head, he has ignored the 
 delaying personal comforts offered on the way. Mr. 
 Collins is in the real estate and insurance business and 
 is a member of the Miles City Real Estate Exchange, 
 of the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges, 
 and of the Central Real Estate Dealers Association. He 
 was horn September 7. 1853, at Quincy, Illinois, and is 
 a son of Morris and Martha (Blatchford) Collins. 
 
 ■Morris Collins was born in 1812, in Connecticut, and 
 died in Jacksonville, Illinois, in 1873. In 1849 he came 
 
 from New England as far west as Illinois, and after 
 some years in the mercantile business at Quincy, re- 
 moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where he engaged first 
 in the drygoods business and later in the manufacture 
 of sheet lead and lead pipe. In politics he was a Re- 
 publican and during the Civil war was a member of the 
 Sanitary Commission in the Mississippi river district. 
 He was an elder in the Presbyterian church. His first 
 wife, Martha Blatchford, died in 1861, the mother of 
 seven children, two of whom survive, John B., of this 
 review, and Alice. To his second wife, Hannah Adams, 
 one son was born who died in infancy. 
 
 John Blatchford Collins enjoyed educational a.dvan- 
 tages and academic training in different cities, among 
 them Jacksonville, Illinois: St. Louis, Missouri; Pough- 
 keepsie, New York; and Hartford, Connecticut. After- 
 ward he was engaged in the pig iron and iron ore 
 brokerage business at St. Louis, and in April, 1883, 
 came to Montana, where for a time he was clerk in the 
 postoffice at Miles City. He was later with Capt. 
 "VVilliam Harmon in the same capacity and subsequently 
 was interested with William Courtney in the real es- 
 tate and insurance business. In 1890 Mr. Collins became 
 confidential secretary to Lion. Thomas H. Carter, United 
 States land commissioner, with general offices at Wash- 
 ington, D. C. After his duties at Washington no 
 longer detained him there, he returned to Miles City 
 and entered into the real estate and insurance business 
 with C. B. Towers, and they continued together until 
 1898, when Mr. Collins was appointed superintendent 
 of the United States Forest Reserves in Montana, with 
 headquarters at' Missoula, Montana, where he resided 
 until 1901, then moving to Helena. There, until April, 
 1903. he was identified with the live stock brokerage 
 business and then moved to Forsythe and conducted 
 an insurance and real estate business there until the 
 fall of 1905, when he returned to Miles City, and has 
 since continued here in that line of enterprise. Mr. 
 Collins is one of the wide-awake men of this state, who 
 has the foresight to note business opportunities and 
 the courage to secure them. He has long been a lead- 
 ing- factor in Republican politics, and from 1886 to 
 1890 was chairman of the Republican county central 
 committee of Custer county, and in 1902 was made sec- 
 retary of the Montana state Republican committee. 
 Since 1903 he has been a United States commissioner. 
 
 In 1874 Collins was united in marriage with Miss 
 Nellie Davis, who bore him two sons, — Morris and 
 Charles B. and on December 15, 1897, Mr. Collins mar- 
 ried for his second wife Miss Nellie Thompson, who 
 was born at Dwight, Illinois, and is a daughter of 
 Thomas J. and Sarah Thompson. Mrs. Collins died on 
 June 18. 1903. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson are natives of 
 Ohio, who moved to Illinois in early life, there engaging 
 in farming until 1880, in which year they removed to 
 Montana and settled in Custer county. Here Mr. 
 Thompson operated a stock ranch until he was elected 
 county assessor, when he moved to Miles City. He 
 continued in public office there until 1898, when he 
 removed to Forsythe. For some years he has held the 
 office of deputy game warden. He is a Democrat, and 
 a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mrs. Collins was 
 the second born of the three children of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Thompson. 
 
 Mr. Collins is a member of Crusader Lodge No. 7, 
 Knights of Pythias, and is also a member of the Sons 
 of the American Revolution. 
 
 PiERRF. Wibaux. The early settlers of our new states 
 and territories are not, as is often erroneously sup- 
 posed, all rough men in whom physicial nature pre- 
 dominates over intellectual activity, and who have little 
 or no education. On t+ie contrary, many of the pioneers, 
 though no doubt men of brawn and muscle, are yet 
 possessed of no little talent and mental culture: men 
 thoroughly versed in all the intellectual and political 
 questions which agitate the communities further east; 
 

I 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1251 
 
 men of great executive ability and capable of filling 
 with honor and dignity any station in the republic. 
 Among the honorable and honored citizens of Custer 
 county, Montana, none is more worthy of being corn- 
 memorated in its annals than Pierre Wibaux, presi- 
 dent of the State National Bank of Miles City, and a 
 man whose stock operations have been of such an 
 extensive nature as to win for him the sobriquet of the 
 “Cattle King of Eastern Montana.” For thirty years- 
 he has lived within the borders of the state, during 
 which time he has become a factor in its social, business 
 and financial affairs, fairly earning a reputation for 
 honorable dealing with his fellow men, to such a degree 
 as to make his name a synonym for all that is upright 
 in business and correct in morals. He comes of a race 
 that has given to America some of her most success- 
 ful men in every avenue of life, having been born in 
 1858, at Roubaix, France, a city in which his family had 
 for a century been orominent in the manufacture of 
 textiles. 
 
 It was intended that Pierre should follow in the 
 footsteps of his forefathers and carry on the business 
 with which they had been identified, and after he had 
 been given excellent educational advantages of a lit- 
 erary nature, he was the recipient of a technical train- 
 ing calculated to fit him for a useful and successful 
 career in the field of manufacture. As is the custom 
 with young men in France.^ he spent one year in the 
 army of his country, thus gaining an appreciation of the 
 value of discipline, and he was then sent to England 
 on a tour of inspection, with the idea that he should 
 thus gain a knowledge of the methods and machinery 
 used in the business with which it was supposed he 
 would be identified in after life. While there, how- 
 ever, he learned of the great opportunities awaiting 
 men of ability and courage in the range stock business 
 of the great northwest of the United States, and after 
 exhausting almost every argument that he might ad- 
 vance, finally gained his father's consent to make the 
 venture. The early part of the year 1883 saw his 
 advent into the “bad lands” of Montana, and after he 
 had completed the formalities necessary to secure him 
 the right to become a settler, started for Iowa and 
 jMinnesota to buy his cattle. A biographer, in speaking 
 of Mr. Wibaux’s early experiences in the new country, 
 wrote as follows : “The highest product of the old 
 world civilization having turned his back upon _ the 
 pleasures of a gay and promising life in the capitals 
 of Europe, surrounded with all_ that wealth could 
 supply or artistic skill could fashion for his comfort, 
 delibAately chose to live on the wild llanos of Amer- 
 ica ; to burrow in a ‘dug-out,’ to rear and traffic in 
 cattle, to consort with range riders and cow boys. 
 What recks he ! The great soul does not sell its great- 
 ness — does not ask to dine nicely or sleep warm._ He 
 exults in his choice for the freedom it gives, the inde- 
 pendence it assures, the spice of adventure it supplies 
 and the hope of fortune it holds out. As a pre- 
 liminary to success in buying, Mr. Wibaux spent the 
 few weeks at his disposal in the muck and filth of the 
 Chicago Stock Yards, watching and studying the daily 
 transactions of the great market; learning what he 
 could of estimating class or Quality, weight and age — 
 everything, in fact, that helps to make ‘a good judge 
 of cattle.’ Then he gathered his first herd and got them 
 to his ranch around his dug-out on Beaver creek, in 
 Dawson county, and, with characteristic enterprise and 
 self-denial, concluded to be his own foreman until he 
 could learn, in the hard school of experience, all the 
 details of his business. During the next five years he 
 faithfully adhered to this resolution and rode the 
 range with the hardiest, winter and summer, doing 
 more of the work than any man he hired to help 
 him. The rest of the story is a mere matter of detail, 
 except where the golden thread of sentiment gleams 
 in its woof,” 
 
 Vol. II— 2« 
 
 His first thousand dollars of profit came slowly, 
 but surely ; the next more easily and readily by help of 
 the former ; the next of course, more readily still ; until 
 now he adds thousands to his store with little appar- 
 ent effort or care. In 1884 Mr. Wibaux returned to 
 Europe, married, and procured the necessary capital 
 for the further enlargement of his business. It had 
 been his intention to prepare a more suitable residence 
 for his bride than that which he had been occupying, 
 but the plan which he had cherished had to give way 
 to the sterner demands of business, and so the young 
 bride exchanged a palatial home in England for a 
 “shack” in Montana. But she accepted her portion in 
 their common lot courageously, even cheerfully, and 
 set about to make a home of the humble dwelling. 
 
 Early in his business career Mr. Wibaux recognized 
 that one of the most crying needs of the country was 
 its lack of easy connection with good railroad facili- 
 ties, and after much persuasion he succeeded in getting 
 the Northern Pacific to erect stock yards and install 
 shipping conveniences at his most convenient station, 
 then a straggling collection of ramshackle buildings 
 known as Mingusville. His enterprise, energy and pub- 
 lic spirit awakened interest, served as an example to 
 other men of ability and in time the little hamlet was 
 transformed into a thriving and prosperous center of 
 industry, the name being changed to Wibaux, in honor 
 of its founder. 
 
 Mr. Wibaux was the first big cattle man in eastern 
 Montana. He was in the business as a neighbor of 
 Theodore Roosevelt when they shipped large herds to 
 eastern markets, coming to the country within six 
 months of each other. He has owned as high as 200,- 
 000 acres of land in Texas, in addition to his other 
 vast land holdings in Montana, and has run as high 
 as 65,000 head of cattle in Montana at one time. He 
 has also had interests in North Dakota, He is the 
 owner of immense tracts of land adjacent to the town 
 of Wibaux, and also holds a large amount of the 
 town property, as well. 
 
 As a financier, Mr. Wibaux is known favorably not 
 only in Montana but also in France. He is the owner 
 of the Clover Leaf gold mine in the Black Hills. The 
 town near the mine, which is its outgrowth, is named 
 Roubai.x, after his native city, Mr. Wibaux is a stock 
 holder and principal owner of the State National Bank 
 of Miles City, and has been its president for the past 
 seventeen years. He is the heaviest stockholder in the 
 American Bankers' Life Insurance Company, of Chi- 
 cago, Illinois, and is a director in the company and a 
 member of the advisory board for the state of Mon- 
 tana, In addition to all these wide spread interests in 
 the western states of the LTnion, Mr. Wibaux with his 
 brothers own the immense textile manufacturing busi- 
 ness established in Roubai.x. France, by their grand- 
 father in 1910. He is also connected with important 
 charitable work. He is the promoter of the free dis- 
 tribution of pure milk through model farms, the free 
 inspection of children. Through his initiative the good 
 work has spread all over his native land, saving thou- 
 sands of babies. 
 
 Ten years ago the French government in apprecia- 
 tion of his good work at home and of his influence 
 abroad made Mr. Wibaux a member of its Legion of 
 Honor. 
 
 While his success has been a matter of steady and 
 rapid growth, Mr. Wibaux's career has not been with- 
 out its trials and vicissitudes. Like all really successful 
 men, he has met with hardships and disappointments, 
 hut each set-back has only had the effect of making him 
 fight back the more determinedly ; each discouragement 
 has but made him persevere the more doggedly, and the 
 overcoming of obstacles has served to .give him a 
 broader, clearer view of life, and to appreciate the 
 more what his industry has attained. Although he 
 depends entirely upon his own judgment, he is at all 
 
1252 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 times ready to recognize another’s right to an opin- 
 ion. He has been identified with Montana’s growth 
 and development, not alone as the promoter and de- 
 veloper of large industries, but as a public-spirited cit- 
 izen with civic pride as one of ms chief characteristics. 
 His past record, on which there is no stain nor blemish, 
 speaks for itself. 
 
 .Mr. Wibau.x spends his winters in Paris, where his 
 wife and their son, Cyril, born in 1885, make their 
 home in a handsome residence in the fashionable 
 quarter of that city. 
 
 lloN. Ch.'Vrles R. Leonard. With prominence at 
 the bar in two of the great states of the American 
 Union, prominence in the councils of his political party, 
 local, state and national, and high social and intellectual 
 rank wherever he is known, Hon. Charles R. Leonard 
 of Butte is a fine representative of the best and most 
 useful American manhood and citizenship. Moreover, 
 he is a product of the great West, proud of the fact 
 and devoted to the interests of that section of our 
 country which lies in the embraces of the Ohio and the 
 Missouri, the section that does much to feed the world, 
 and if necessary could conquer it, too, in arms as it 
 has in industries and commerce. 
 
 Mr. Leonard was born in Iowa City, Johnson county, 
 Iowa, on December 3, i860. His parents, Nathan R. 
 and Elizabeth (Heizer) Leonard, are living in Butte, 
 where the father was president of the School of Mines 
 for a number of years, and where both are held in 
 high esteem for their genuine worth and the upright- 
 ness of their lives, their interest in the welfare of the 
 community and their willingness at all times to do 
 whatever they can to promote the progress and develop- 
 ment of their city and county. 
 
 Their son Charles R., after due preparation in the 
 lower schools, entered the Iowa State University to 
 complete his academic and professional education. He 
 was graduated from the literary department of that 
 institution in 1881 with the degree of A. B., and has 
 since received the honorary degree of A. M. from it. 
 Two years later he was graduated from the law depart- 
 ment with the degree of LL. B., and was at once ad- 
 mitted to the bar. He began his professional career at 
 Creston. Iowa, where he won substantial recognition of 
 his ability in a lucrative practice and of his personal 
 worth and companionable nature in high and wide- 
 spread popularity. 
 
 He came here in the fall of that year and has ever 
 since made his home here. Fortune has smiled upon 
 his professional and other labors in his new home, 
 and she could scarcely help doing so. He has wooed 
 her with such industry and persuasiveness, and shown 
 himself so entirely deserving of her favors, that it 
 would have been difficult for her to remain obdurate 
 to his pleadings. 
 
 He has won a large practice in Butte and other parts 
 of Montana, and has a high reputation for his legal 
 ability and skill in all of the adjoining states. He 
 has also risen to distinction and influence in con- 
 nection with public affairs, for which he has shown un- 
 usual aptitude. .A.nd, while his legal business is stead- 
 ily increasing, other interests of a material character 
 have been yielding him augmenting revenues. 
 
 Mr. Leonard is heartily desirous of the elevation and 
 advancement of his profession and enthusiastically en- 
 ergetic, in all ways open to him, in his efforts for its 
 improvement. One of the means to the end he seeks 
 in this regard is the Alontana Bar Association, of which 
 he is a prominent member and was president for two 
 years. During his membership in the association he has 
 served on many of its most important committees, and 
 in many other ways has been of great service in giv- 
 ing it high tone and usefulness. 
 
 In politics Mr. Leonard is a Republican, and his devo- 
 tion to the principles of his party is intense and con- 
 
 stant. In 1892 he was defeated as a candidate for the 
 lower house of the state legislature, but two years later 
 was triumphantly elected to the state senate for a 
 term of four years. In 1896 he was Montana’s mem- 
 ber of the national Republican committee, and in the 
 memorable compaign of that year his services to his 
 party were signal, extensive and highly appreciated. 
 
 Mr. Leonard has been married twice and has three 
 •children, Frank, Margaret and Alice, all of whom are 
 still members of the paternal family circle. The present 
 Mrs. Leonard, whose maiden name was Fannie Sutphen, 
 is a native of Lancaster, Ohio, and the daughter of 
 Capt. J. M. Sutphen of that city. She is a lady of 
 fine intellectual and social culture, aifd a decided force 
 for good in the community in all the graceful refine- 
 ments of life and widely and deservedly popular. 
 
 In the fraternal life of the city and state of his 
 adoption Mr. Leonard is a member of the Masonic 
 order, and the Woodmen of the World. In each of 
 these fraternities he is prominent and serviceable, and 
 his membership is highly valued in all by the other 
 members. His reputation as a lawyer and a man of 
 affairs is not confined to Montana, but extends over 
 all the adjoining states, and in political matters he is 
 well and favorably known all over the country. The 
 citizens of Butte esteem him as one of their most sub- 
 stantial, sterling, far-seeing and enterprising men, one 
 of their most agreeable social factors, and one of the 
 best representatives of all that is brightest and most 
 worthy of admiration among them. But he bears his 
 honors and his high place in public estimation modestly, 
 without self-assertion or display, except where duty 
 requires self-assertion, in the manner, in fact, charac- 
 teristic of genuine merit. 
 
 David J. Ch.-vrles. In naming the representative 
 citizens of any community the biographer invariably 
 finds among the most prominent, men who have started 
 out in life with but few advantages, and whose present 
 prestige has been gained through the medium of their 
 own efforts. Montana has its full quota of self-made 
 men, and it has been a source of pride to the citizens 
 of this comparatively young state that many of its 
 largest industries are in charge of men who have been 
 the architects of their own fortunes, and in Butte, one 
 who belongs to this class, and who has shown his 
 versatility in the world of business by engaging in 
 varied lines of endeavor, is David J. Charles, president 
 of the Miners Savings Bank & Trust Company and 
 of the Imperial Paste Manufacturing Company. Mr. 
 Charles was born in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, 
 April 28, t86i, and is a son of David J. and Mary 
 (Jenkins) Charles, natives of Wales. 
 
 The father of Mr. Charles, born in the mining 
 district of his native country, was connected with min- 
 ing from his youth. When a young man he came to 
 the United States and settled first in Baltimore, where 
 he was married, and in 1868 removed to California, his 
 family following him the next year. After spending 
 some time in that state he went to Utah, where he fol- 
 lowed mining and smelting until 1883, which year saw 
 his advent into Montana. He became connected with 
 the Anaconda Copper Smelting & Mining Company 
 during the regime of Marcus Daly, but after a few 
 years came to Butte, and here was connected with the 
 Butte & Boston Mining Company until his death in 
 1898, at the age of sixty-one years. He came of a 
 long-lived family, and his death at such a comparatively 
 early age was caused by an attack of pneumonia, con- 
 tracted while in the discharge of his duties. He was 'a 
 pioneer smelter, always held responsible positions, and 
 was respected alike by his employers and fellow work- 
 ers. His wife died in Utah in 1884, at the age of forty- 
 six years, and they reared to maturity a family of nine 
 children, of whom four sons and two daughters are now 
 living, and of these David J. is the oldest. 
 

 
 C;-. 
 4 - " 
 
 
 
 
 ■i ■ 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1253 
 
 David J. Charles was given only limited educational 
 advantages, and at the age of fourteen years left school 
 to work in a grocery store. He came to Butte prior 
 to attaining his majority, and for a time followed smelt- 
 ing at the old Parrott Copper Smelting & Mining 
 Company, but his bent seemed to be toward mercantile 
 pursuits, and in his twenty-first year he established 
 himself as a merchant. This initial venture proved a 
 success from the start, and he still carries on busi- 
 ness at the original stand, where he has an extensive 
 patronage. Mr. Charles is possessed of all the qualities 
 which go to make up the successful man of business. 
 Pre-eminently an organizer, in 1890 he was the leading 
 spirit in the organization of the Imperial Paste Manu- 
 facturing Company, manufacturing all kinds of paste 
 which can be made from flour, in addition to other 
 products, such as macaroni, spaghetti, etc. This busi- 
 ness, the only one of its kind in the state, has grown 
 from a moderate beginning to become one of Butte’s 
 leading enterprises. Mr. Charles has demonstrated his 
 faith and confidence in the future of his section of the 
 country by large investments in real estate, and he also 
 has identified himself with various ventures of a busi- 
 ness and financial nature. In 1907 he was one of the 
 organizers of the Miners Savings Bank & Trust Corn- 
 pany, and was elected president at that time, a position 
 which he still holds. The rapid growth of this well- 
 known bank has not only given it a prominent posi- 
 tion among the leading financial institutions of Butte, 
 but reflects an able management of its affairs. Mr. 
 Charles was made first president of the Butte 
 Chamber of Commerce at its organization in March, 
 1912. In politics he has always been a stalwart Repub- 
 lican, and has at various times been honored by his 
 party. He has served one term as county commissioner, 
 ran for sheriff in 1903, and was the Republican candidate 
 for the office of state senator in 1910. Although his 
 various large business interests have demanded a great 
 deal of his attention, he has not allowed his time to 
 be too occupied to bar him from enjoying the compan- 
 ionship of his fellow rnen, and he is a popular mem- 
 ber of the Silver Bow and Country clubs, the Knights 
 of Pythias, the Elks, the Odd Fellows, in which he is 
 past grand master of the state, and the Masons, in which 
 he is a Shriner and has attained the thirty-second 
 degree. 
 
 In 1885 Mr. Charles was married in Butte to Miss 
 Lallie E. Bowen, a native of California of Welsh de- 
 scent, and to this union there has been born two chil- 
 dren, a son, Egbert, who died in infancy, and one 
 daughter, Erma, born May 8, 1886, who died March 27, 
 1911. Mr. Charles’ life has been a busy and useful one, 
 and his activities have served to greatly benefit his 
 adopted city. In business, financial and social circles he 
 has won and maintained an enviable position, and his 
 high personal character has been evidenced by the un- 
 qualified esteem in which he is universally held. Pro- 
 gressive in his business methods, his example has served 
 to stimulate others to progressive effort, thus materially 
 advancing the best interests of Butte, while his hi.gh 
 regard for honorable dealing has caused public 
 confidence to be placed in those enterprises with which 
 his name is connected. 
 
 Henry Clay Provinse. whose long and honorable 
 career we are about to sketch briefly, has for years been 
 conspicuous among the leading men of Carbon county, 
 and few citizens have been more prominently connected 
 with its agricultural and business interests, or with its 
 fraternal, educational and political welfare. Mr. 
 Provinse was born at Port Clinton, Schuylkill county, 
 Pennsylvania, December 2, 1854, and is a son of Will- 
 iam and Jane (Bpnd) Provinse. 
 
 William Provinse was born in County Tyrone, Ire- 
 land, and at the age of eighteen years came to the 
 United States, landing in New York City after a trip 
 across the ocean in a sailing vessel. Drifting into 
 
 Pennsylvania, he entered the service of the old Cata- 
 wissa Railroad, now a part of the Philadelphia & Read- 
 ing Railroad System, and continued to be engaged in 
 work of this nature up to the time of his death, in his 
 fifty-fifth year. He adhered to the principles of the 
 old Whig party. His wife, a native of Warwickshire, 
 England, passed away in 1891,. having been the mothef 
 of six children, of whom three are living ; Mary, the 
 wife of O. C. Hatch, living on the old homestead in 
 Port Clinton, Pennsylvania; Annie, the wife of Jacob 
 L. Crater, of Pottstown, Pennsylvania; and Henry 
 Clay. 
 
 The youngest of his parents’ children, Henry C. 
 Provinse received his education in the public schools 
 of Port Clinton and the Moravian school at Bethlehem, 
 Pennsylvania, and this was supplemented after his 
 marriage by attendance at the Cox School of Tech- 
 nology, at Drifton, Pennsylvania. When twelve years 
 of age he earned his first money driving mules on the 
 Schuylkill Canal, between Port Clinton and Philadel- 
 phia. but after one year gave up this position to become 
 an employe of the Colraine Iron Company, with which 
 he was connected until 1875. At that time he removed 
 to Bethlehem, where for two years he held the position 
 of iron moulder with the Bethlehem Iron Company, 
 and then went to Mauch Chunk, where he purchased an 
 interest in a grain commissio-n house. During the 
 spring of 1877 he located in Freeland, where he be- 
 came a foreman for the firm of Cox Brothers, of Drif- 
 ton, and continued to be connected with coal mining 
 until the spring of 1883, that year seeing his advent in 
 Montana, as a Butte miner. In 1885 he went to George- 
 town, Deer Lodge county, where he continued until 
 1889, then coming to Red Lodge, Park county, at this 
 time in Carbon county. He was engaged in raising 
 cattle, sheep and horses until 1906, and then located in 
 Red Lodge and became identified with a general mer- 
 chandise business. At this time he has one of the lead- 
 ing furniture establishments of this section and is 
 known as a shrewd business man of the highest integ- 
 rity. He is secretary of the Carbon County Fair As- 
 sociation, a member of the advisory board for Carbon 
 county of the Montana State Farmers Association, and 
 in 1909 was one of the executive committee on dry- 
 land farming, held in Billings. 
 
 In his political views, Mr. Provinse has been a 
 stanch and unwavering Republican, and has held numer- 
 ous offices of public trust within the gift of his party 
 and the people. At this time he is chairman of the 
 Republican County Central Committee. He was one of 
 the leaders in the movement for the organization of 
 Carbon county, was first assessor of the county, acted 
 as deputy assessor for one term, and in 1906 was aider- 
 man from the second ward of Red Lodge, serving one 
 term. He was sergeant at anms during the twelve ses- 
 sions of the senate in 1911. Mr. Provinse maintains 
 business offices at No. 7, North Billings avenue. Fra- 
 ternal matters have engrossed a large part of his atten- 
 tion. In 1887 he was made a Mason in Acadia Lodge 
 No. 32, Anaconda, Montana, from which he demitted to 
 become a member of Star of the West Lodge No. 4, 
 A. F. & A. M., of Red Lodge, being at this time master 
 of this lodge. He was made a Royal Arch Mason in 
 Billings Chapter No. 5, from which he demitted and 
 became a charter member of Carbon Chapter No. 20. 
 R. A. M., at Red Lodge, of which he is high priest, and 
 he also belongs to Aldemar Commandery No. 6, at 
 Billings, and Algeria Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S., at 
 Helena. He and his wife and daughter are all valued 
 and popular members of the order of the Eastern Star. 
 
 On May 20, 1874, Mr. Provinse was married to Miss 
 Martha Dodson, who was born at Mauch Chunk, 
 Pennsylvania, daughter of Abel and Marguerite (Wil- 
 son) Dodson, the former of whom was a native of 
 Huntington county. Pennsylvania, the latter of the 
 Highlands of Scotland. Air. Dodson died July 13, 
 1886, at the age of seventy-two j’ears, and his wife 
 
1254 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 September 24,' 1876. when fifty-nine years of age. Of 
 their si.x; children, three are living; William, of Eliza- 
 bethport, New Jersey; Margaret, who is married and 
 resides in New York City; and Mrs. Provinse. Abel 
 Dodson was a foreman of the old Switch-back Railroad 
 at Mauch Chunk for many years, this being one of the 
 pioneer railroad companies of the United States, but 
 spent his last years in retirement with his children, 
 and died at Freeland, Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Provinse have had eight children : William, who died 
 at the age of twenty-nine years, was married to Bertha 
 Maynard and had two children; Edgar, who married 
 Daisy Aloore, is living in Bridger, Montana; Eugene, 
 who married Lillian Anderson, is living in Red Lodge; 
 and Stella, Clarence. Arthur, John and Shirley, liying at 
 home. The residence of the Provinse family is situated 
 at No. 1 17 West Seventh street, a center of gracious 
 relinement, where the many friends of the family meet 
 with true western hospitality. 
 
 Frank K. Wilson, the proprietor of the Butte 
 Hotel, was Ijorn at Palmyra, Portage county, Ohio, 
 June 15, 1862, His father, John Wilson, was born in 
 1827 and when a young man came to Ohio and set- 
 tled on a farm there. He made a specialty of live 
 stock raising, and until his death in 1891 was actively 
 engaged in that work. His wife, Sarah E. Wilson, 
 still resides in Ohio, the state of her birth. She is 
 now seventy-eight years of age. 
 
 Both Frank Wilson and his brother Hugh attended 
 school at Valparaiso, Indiana, and the former gradu- 
 ated in 1883. He came directly to Butte with his 
 brother and they started a men's furnishings and gro- 
 cery business at the place where the Llennessy’s store 
 now stands in Centerville. In 1895 Wilson brothers 
 sold out to Patrick Alullcns and that same year they 
 bought the ground on East Broadway and began the 
 erection of the up-to-date hotel, which they named the 
 Butte. From that time, this has been one of the lead- 
 ing hostelries of the state, and it has been the head- 
 Cjuarters of many notable gatherings. 
 
 A'lr. Wilson is a Democrat and has been prominent 
 in the activities of his party. During the years of 1892 
 and ’93, he was a member of the legislature, and mat- 
 ters of civic interest and import never fail to secure 
 his hearty cooperation. 
 
 Alessrs. Wilson are e.xtcnsively interested in mining 
 operations in Arizona and California, hut they are 
 primarily hotel men, and as such are counted the best 
 in the state. To furnish satisfactory accommodations 
 for transients is important in any locality, but in the 
 West it is of immeasurably more importance than in 
 cities of similar size further east. The constant open- 
 ing up of new fields of investment here and the con- 
 secpient rapid development of the country, attract all 
 sorts and conditions of visitors and investors. Noth- 
 ing is so attractive to the latter as an up-to-date place 
 at which to stop, and those who furnish that are doing 
 a generous share toward adding to the prosperity and 
 to the addition of the desirable new residents of the 
 city. Besides being such c.xcellent business men. Air. 
 Wilson and his brother are men possessed of the 
 qualities wdiich secure and preserve popularity, and their 
 sociability is one of their notable characteristics. 
 
 Lewis O. Evans. One of the representative bar- 
 risters of the state of Alontana, whose precedence at 
 the bar has been gained by the studious application of 
 his talents and his discriminating knowledge of the 
 law, has been a resident of the Treasure state for nearly 
 thirty years. 
 
 Air. Evans is a native of L^tica, New York, and was 
 born August 31, 1871. Llis parents, Owen and Emily 
 J. (Church) Evans, are also natives of the state of 
 New York, the latter being a descendant of one of the 
 prominent old families of the Empire state, a daughter 
 
 of Airs. Emily (Alakepeace) Church, whose father was 
 Charles Plumb, a Revolutionary soldier. 
 
 In 1883, Owen Evans came to Montana and located 
 at Helena where he entered mercantile pursuits and was 
 prominently identified with the business life of that 
 place for a number of years. He subsequently re- 
 moved to Anaconda, when that city began to build H 
 up, and there he and his wife have ever since resided, 
 being numbered among the highly respected citizens of 
 the community. 
 
 Lewis O. Evans attended the public schools of Utica, 
 New York, and continued his studies at Helena, Mon- 
 tana, where his parents located when he was twelve 
 years old, graduating from the high school of the lat- 
 ter city, in the class of 1887, when not yet sixteen years 
 old. Fie further pursued his literary training at the 
 celebrated seminary, in Cazenovia, New York, where 
 he studied for two years, then returned to Helena, 
 and entered the law office of Word & Smith, later 
 Word, Smith & Word, with whom he continued his 
 technical reading until 1894, when he was admitted to 
 the bar. He at once took up the active practice of law 
 and remained in Helena, until December, 1895, when 
 he came to Butte, and entered the law office of John 
 F. Forbis. One year later he was admitted as a part- 
 ner of Mr. Forbis under the firm name of F'orbis & 
 Evans. This firm acquired high rank at the bar, handling- 
 some of the most important mining cases then before 
 the courts of the country, notably the Larkin case, 
 which was a cause celebre, and became known as able 
 exponents of mining law, strong advocates and safe 
 counsellors, as well as potential factors in all branches 
 of law. In the litigation between the Butte and Bos- 
 ton and the Boston and Montana Companies vs. the 
 Alontana Ore Purchasing Company, Forbis & Evans 
 conducted all the cases for the two companies first men- 
 tioned, and in many of them Air. Evans had entire 
 charge. 
 
 His ability was recognized and upon its organization 
 in 1899, he became one of the associate counsel of the 
 Amalgamated Copper Company, a position which he 
 has since filled with credit to himself and the advantage 
 of his client, being advanced from time to time, to a 
 position next to the company’s chief counsel. 
 
 In November, 1903, Air. Evans was married at Butte, 
 to Aliss Alartha, a daughter of Judge Erastus A. 
 Nichols, (and Sarah Elizabeth Warren), formerly a 
 prominent business man of Butte, but now a resident 
 of Missoula, Montana. 
 
 Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Evans: 
 Lewis Nichols, born October 12, 1904, and Richard 
 Orvis, born August 22, 1907. 
 
 In his political relations Air. Evans is a Republican, 
 while fraternally he is a Alaster Mason, a member of 
 Silver Bow Lodge No. 48, A. F. & A.M. He is also 
 a member of the Butte Lodge of Elks, and socially be- 
 longs to the Silver Bow Club, and is its present presi- 
 dent. He is also a member of the Silver Bow Bar As- 
 sociation, of which he has served as president. 
 
 The prominence in his profession, attained by Air. 
 Evans, has not been accidental or the result of adventi- 
 tious circumstances, but distinctly the result of hard 
 work combined with a marked pragmatic ability. 
 
 Allen J. Stough. In the beautiful and fertile Ju- 
 dith basin country, and especially about the town of 
 Stanford, no one is better known through long years 
 of residence or more esteemed by reason of honorable 
 success in business than Allen J. Stough, the banker, 
 merchant, rancher and old settler. He was in this 
 country at its formative epoch, when nature’s wild- 
 ness was being overcome by the forces of progress 
 and settlement. After practically thirty years of resi- 
 dence, he has won a place of distinctive influence and 
 individual power in the community. 
 
 Air. Stough is an Ohioan by nativity, and was born 
 

 \ 
 
 
 1 ; 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF .AIONTANA 
 
 1255 
 
 in Crawford county, September 12, 1852. The name 
 and family W'as established in America by his great- 
 grandfather, who came from Germany and was the 
 first Lutheran minister to cross the Allegheny moun- 
 tains into the middle west. Thus westward pioneer- 
 ing has been a long established habit of the family, 
 and about the time Allen J. Stough attained his 
 majority he left his old home in Ohio and went out to 
 the coast, remaining in California until 1881. For two 
 years he was employed in a store, and the rest of the 
 time was spent in prospecting and mining. He lived 
 in the mining district for five years and one year in 
 the Carson valley of Nevada. 
 
 In the spring of 1882 he set out for Montana, com- 
 ing over the Oregon Short Line as far as Dillon, at 
 which point he bought a span of mules and drove 
 through to Bozeman. Most of his time there was 
 spent at the late Senator Edwards’ ranch, but he also 
 tried to make some money with his team by hauling 
 ties from the mountains to the line of the Northern 
 Pacific, construction on which had just begun. Find- 
 ing that he could not make enough to feed himself 
 and his mules, he gave up the job, and concluded to 
 go on to the destination which he had already directed 
 his course toward — the Judith basin. He arrived in 
 the vicinity of Utica along the Judith river in 1883, 
 and for thirty years has never been long absent from 
 this great basin. 
 
 However, after two and a half years of ranching 
 and stock raising, he sold out and started for the 
 east with the determination to settle in Florida. But 
 when absent the great northw'est made an irresistible 
 appeal, and he soon returned, this time intending to 
 locate in the state of Washington, along the route of 
 the Northern Pacific, which was then building. On 
 the way he stopped in his former Montana home for 
 the purpose of collecting some money that was due 
 him, — and has never left these scenes permanently from 
 that day to this. He has had a varied business career. 
 Mining was his occupation up to 1890, at which time 
 he located in the old town of Stanford, where he was 
 first engaged in the hotel business. To this he added 
 a general store, and also took up stock ranching. With 
 the founding of the new town of Stanford, he moved 
 his store to this place, and at the same time organized 
 the First State Bank of Stanford, of which he has 
 been president ever since. The bank and the Stanford 
 Mercantile Company are the enterprises with which 
 his name has been most familiarly associated, but his 
 business energies have extended to many other affairs 
 in this vicinity. He was one of the organizers and is 
 a director of the First State Bank at Geyser, and has 
 similar interests in the Raynesford Mercantile Corn- 
 pany. He also owns valuable blocks of real estate in 
 Great Falls. 
 
 Mr. Stough's fine record of attainments in business 
 becomes more conspicuous in view of the handicaps 
 under which he labored during his early life. Fie had 
 a few brief terms of schooling in his native vicinity, 
 but was really graduated from the_ university of hard 
 knocks. When he was sixteen his father died, and 
 being the oldest of the family he had to take on him- 
 self the principal responsibilities of the home farm, 
 and from that time forward was engaged in earning 
 his own way and helping others. He had charge of 
 the home farm until he was twenty-one, at which time 
 he turned it over to his next younger brother, and 
 then set out for the west. 
 
 Mr. Stough’s parents were John T. and Maria 
 (Thompson) Stough, the latter being a daughter of 
 Judge Nathan Thompson, of_ Kenton, Hardin county, 
 Ohio. They were married in Ohio, where both of 
 them were natives, and the father was engaged in 
 farming throughout his career, dying in 1867 at the 
 age of forty-one. The mother lived until iSqS- to the 
 age of seventy-five, and both are buried side by side 
 in Ohio. There were five children in the family. 
 
 Air. Stough was married in Lewistown, this state, 
 on July 4, 1887, to Aliss Alma L. Culver, the daugh- 
 ter of Mr. and Airs. Lyman Culver, formerly of Iowa. 
 Air, Stough and his wife formed one of the couples in 
 an interesting double wedding, Harry T. Kendall, the 
 discoverer of the famous Kendall mines, being mar- 
 ried at the same time, and ex-Judge Aleagher per- 
 formed the ceremony. Mr. Stough and Air. Kendall 
 had been comrades and friends, had worked together 
 in the mines, had “batched” together, and enjoyed the 
 intimate friendship which association in a new country 
 fosters. Air. Stough also worked for a time in the 
 mines at Maiden, and his superintendent at the time 
 was Granville Stuart, another one of the notable 
 figures of this state. 
 
 He is one of the active members of the Stanford 
 Commercial Club, and in politics is Republican, though 
 he has consistently refused any personal political 
 honors. As a citizen he has been foremost in pro- 
 moting the welfare and efficiency of the public schools, 
 and has worked as a member of the school board for 
 the improvements which he has most at heart. Of 
 the interests which divert and are for recreation, 
 practically all of the outdoor sports find in him a 
 devotee. He is fond of hunting and fishing, is a real 
 baseball “fan,” and with his own car combines busi- 
 ness and pleasure in automobiling. Books and the 
 theatre attract him, and toward all the interests of 
 life, both the practical and the intellectual, he main- 
 tains a progressive attitude, believing that a community 
 should keep on going ahead in every department of 
 its activities. With regard to the state of Montana 
 he has a ready loyalty toward it. This is his home 
 state, it has been the scene of his prosperous career, 
 and to ambitious young men at the outset of their 
 careers he presents this as a locality where opportun- 
 ities of all kinds are waiting to be improved. 
 
 Judge Fr.vnk Henhy. The passing of Judge Frank 
 Henry on May 27, 1912. robbed the state of Alontana of 
 one of her most rmlued citizens, and terminated the 
 busy career of one of the ablest legists of the state, who 
 had, in addition to numerous other public services, 
 served on the bench for twenty-three consecutive 
 years. He was one of those men who conferred dignity 
 and honor upon the high office called upon to fill, and 
 his influence was felt no less as an attorney in the 
 active practice of law than in the exercise of high 
 judicial functions. He was for years judge of the 
 sixth judicial district of the state, which now comprises 
 the counties of Park, Sweetgrass and Carbon. 
 
 Born on the 15th day of November, 1855, in Dayton, 
 Ohio, Judge Frank Henry was the son of Rev. James 
 AI, and Elizabeth ( Reid ) Henry, the former a native of 
 Greene county, Ohio, who rendered a long and faithful 
 service in the ministry of the Christian church. For 
 sixteen years he retained the pastorate of the church 
 of his denomination in Dayton, after which he was 
 in charge at New Albany, Indiana, for a matter of four 
 years, then removing to Chillicothe, Missouri, where he 
 died in 1882, one year after the passing of his wife. He 
 was the son of John Henry, a native Virginian, and was 
 there born and reared, the family being one of the 
 honored ones of the state. 
 
 Frank Henry secured his early schooling in his native 
 city, and when his family removed to Chillicothe. Mis- 
 souri, he accompanied them to that place, there entering 
 the offices of Luthej Collier, an able lawyer of that 
 place, and entered upon the study of the law with char- 
 acteristic zeal and energy. In 1877 he had so far pro- 
 gressed with his studies that he was admitted to prac- 
 tice in all courts of the state. He promptly engaged in 
 the practice of his profession in Chillicothe, where he 
 was already well and favorably known as an enterpris- 
 ing and progressive young man, and in the following 
 year he was elected to the office of city attorney, an 
 office which he filled for an entire term and conducting 
 
1256 
 
 HISTORY OF AIOR’TANA 
 
 its affairs in a manner that further established his repu- 
 tation in the community. It was not until 1883 that 
 Judge Henry came to Montana. He located at Livings- 
 ton at once, there engaged in his profession, continued 
 successfully until 1886, when official preferment came to 
 him a second time in his election to the office of county 
 attorney The election came at a time prior to the 
 formation of Park county from the county of Galla- 
 tin and his election necessitated his removal to Boze- 
 man In 1888, however, Mr. Henry resigned his office 
 and returned to Livingston, there resuming practice. 
 That he was peculiarly eligible for public service m a 
 higher capacity was early recognized, and m 1889 he 
 was elected judge of the sixth judicial district, then 
 comprising the counties of Park, Meagher, and Gallatin. 
 His highly satisfactory services on the bench resulted 
 in his successive re-election to the office, on two occa- 
 sions without an opposition, and he was still the in- 
 cumbent of that office at the time of his death, haying 
 completed twenty“three yeiirs of service in Ins judicis.! 
 capacity. At that time he had served longer on the 
 bench than any other incumbent. , • r 
 
 Tiidge Henry was a staunch Republican, and in a fra- 
 ternal way he was affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, 
 fie was a man who gained and held the confidence and 
 unqualified respect of all classes, and his continued 
 retention in his high office is sufficient testimony of his 
 zealous conservation of the best interest of the state, 
 in so far as his judicial acts might be expected to regu- 
 late or effect those interests. He was well grounded in 
 the science and technicalities of the_ law, with a wide 
 understanding and knowledge of jurisprudence and 
 precedents, and his rulings seldom met with reversal. 
 
 Judge Henry was married on the fifth of May, 1880, 
 to Miss Julia Ballenger, a native of Illinois, and the 
 daughter of Merrill S. Ballenger, born in Garrett 
 county, Kentucky, on July 20, 1821. He was the son 
 of Llenry Ballenger, a native son of Rockbridge county, 
 Virginia, who married Lucy Jeffries of Garrett county, 
 Kentucky, and was himself the son of Eccles and Mil- 
 dred (Hudson) Ballenger, the former a native of 
 Culpeper county, Virginia. Mrs. Henry’s mother was 
 Jane Hardcastle, the daughter of Edward Hardcastle 
 of Baltimore, Maryland, who married Elizabeth Reed, 
 born in West Virginia. She was the daughter of Isaac 
 and Jane (Hill) Reed, both Virginians and leaders of 
 society in colonial days in that state. 
 
 Judge and Mrs. Henry became the parents of one son, 
 Merrill, born April 6, 1881. 
 
 The death of Judge Henry called forth many expres- 
 sions of regret and appreciation throughout the state, 
 which lack of space will not permit the reproduction 
 of, in this connection, but an editorial appearing in the 
 Butte Miner at that time is here introduced, and will 
 serve as a plain, unvarnished statement of the regard 
 in which the late Judge Henry was held: 
 
 “In these modern days there are persons who claim 
 that judges should not hold their positions upon the 
 bench for life, but down in eastern Montana there were 
 none who believed that Judge Frank Henry was not 
 entitled to preside over the court of his district just 
 as long as he lived, and that is exactly what he did. 
 
 “No man in Montana ever held judicial office as long 
 as did Judge Henry, for he was elected at the first 
 state election, re-elected every four years_ since that time, 
 and without an interruption in his service he was fill- 
 ing the same position when he fell into his long last 
 sleep yesterday. 
 
 “Since he became a judge on the first day of statehood 
 the boundaries of his district were frequently changed, 
 new counties being added to it and old ones taken from 
 it, but this made no difference, for the people under 
 his jurisdiction always insisted that he should serve 
 them. 
 
 “Although not a politician he did not always run on 
 the same ticket, for at one time he joined the silver 
 Republican party as a matter of conscience and freely 
 
 announced his change, but the citizens of his district 
 did not care what political views he held, for they 
 knew he was a good judge and they made up their 
 minds to keep him on the bench, no matter what political 
 doctrine he might believe in. 
 
 “In late years he was usually elected without an 
 opposing candidate, for the voters made up their minds 
 they could not improve upon Judge Henry. His record 
 of judicial service is only exceeded by his record for 
 honesty and integrity, and his death will be felt as a per- 
 sonal bereavement in every household in his district.” 
 
 Henry L. Keeton. One of the wealthy and well- 
 known ranchmen of Montana is Llenry L. Keeton, of 
 Great Falls, who as an “old timer” is thoroughly fa- 
 miliar with the old and exciting order of ranch life 
 that obtained in this state in an earlier period, has 
 seen its passing, together with much of the lawlessness 
 of those days, and has marked the advent of Montana 
 as one of the states of the Union and its rapid progress 
 as a commonwealth. Lie has rounded up cattle on the 
 very site where now stands the thriving city of Great 
 Falls, the second in size in the state. 
 
 Mr. Keeton was born at Cleveland, Ohio in 1859. 
 His school days were limited to but a few years, for 
 at a tender age he was forced to go to work on a 
 ranch in Iowa whither his parents had emigrated at an 
 early period, and there he did the duties of a ranch 
 boy until thirteen years of age. About that time the 
 gold excitement was at its height in the Black Hills 
 of South Dakota and many of the early pioneers in 
 Iowa were making up parties to cross the plains for 
 the new El Dorado. With the spirit of an adventurous 
 youth he secured a place with one of these companies 
 as lookout to assist in guarding the safety of the 
 travelers from bands of marauding Indians who were 
 constantly harassing and murdering the early gold 
 seekers. The party numbered 400 people and had a 
 train of 60 wagons. The trip was attended with many 
 dangers, the party finally reaching the new gold dig- 
 gings after two months of hard and rugged travel, dur- 
 ing which time they had several skirmishes with In- 
 dians but without the loss of a single life. Mr. Keeton 
 remained there but a short time and then took the 
 overland journey back to his old home. Until the 
 following spring he worked as a cowboy on his father’s 
 ranch and for a short time afterward was similarly 
 employed on a ranch in Western Iowa. Once more he 
 crossed the plains, this time making his way alone to 
 Bismarck, South Dakota, then a wild frontier town, 
 and for two and a half years he worked there as a 
 cowboy on a ranch. From Bismarck he came to Mon- 
 tana and secured similar employment on a ranch in 
 the Gallatin valley, remaining there but a short time, 
 however. His next employer was a noted cattleman 
 of the early period named “Two Dot” Wilson, whose 
 ranch lay in the Musselshell valley. There he had many 
 thrilling experiences and narrow escapes from bands of 
 roving Indians and at one time was Shot through the 
 arm in a running fight with the Redskins but escaped 
 with his life. That was in the fall of 1883. From 1884 
 to 1889 he was successively in the employ of B. LI. Phil- 
 lips, Alex Tuttle and Ole Tharseon, all noted cattle- 
 men of the early days. In the meantime he had saved 
 considerable money. He bought his first ranch in 1885 
 with Peter Vann as a partner. Mr. Vann worked 
 away and Mr. Keeton worked the home ranch. After 
 a time they divided their interests, and finally Mr. 
 Keeton sold out to the Baiur Brothers in 1901. He then 
 purchased of Thomas Thornton another ranch of 880 
 acres in Cascade county which he still retains. It is 
 stocked with quite a number of horses and cattle and 
 has on it a substantial house and ample ranch buildings. 
 Besides this property he owns other valuable realty in 
 Great Falls including a fine modern residence erected 
 in 1910 at 1204 Fifth avenue north, elegant in its ap- 
 pointments and furnishings. This beautiful home is 
 

 
 
 
 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1257 
 
 often the scene of a gracious and cordial hospitality 
 extended to the many friends of Mr. Keeton and his 
 family. 
 
 His parents, John and Martha Keeton, were both 
 natives of Ohio, but became pioneer settlers in Iowa. 
 The latter died when her son Henry was three years 
 old, in i86i, and he was then placed in the care of 
 his grandmother. John Keeton was one of the valiant 
 defenders of the Union during the Civil war and was 
 wounded while in action. At the time of the great 
 Chicago fire he filed on a homestead in that city but 
 later gave it up. He died in Iowa in 1883. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Keeton took place in Lewis- 
 town, Montana, on November 7, 1888 when he was 
 united to Miss Grace D. Matkin, Judge Marr officiat- 
 ing. Mr. and Mrs. Keeton have one daughter, Jessie 
 Ellen Keeton, born September 16, 1897 at Stanford, 
 Montana, who is now attending school in Great Falls. 
 Mrs. Keeton, too, is thoroughly familiar with the hard- 
 ships and dangers of early western life. After her 
 father’s death at Maloth City, Idaho, the mother with 
 her three children took the trail alone in a prairie 
 schooner to join her brother, H. F. Dent in which is 
 now Denton, Montana. From Maloth City, Idaho, they 
 followed the trail to Fort Benton, thence to Wolf 
 creek, where they settled on the ranch which remained 
 the home of Mrs. Keeton until her marriage. While 
 traveling to their new home many nights were spent 
 in the open surrounded by all manner of dangers from 
 wild beasts and marauding Indians. This is an example 
 of the true western spirit of the early days of Montana 
 when women as well as men displayed the courage and 
 staying qualities so marked in the people of this state. 
 
 Mr. Keeton is identified fraternally _ with the In- 
 dependent Order of Odd Fellows, and in politics is a 
 Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Bap- 
 tist church. While there are still great opportunities 
 in Montana for able and energetic men, the romance 
 and daring of former days has largely given place to a 
 more settled and orosaic life. This serves but to in- 
 crease interest in the careers of those men who won their 
 success in the old days and are living links connecting 
 the old order with the new. It is with pleasure that 
 the publishers of this work herein preserve the life 
 story of Mr. Keeton, one of Montana’s pioneers. 
 
 Franklin U. Keene. Noteworthy among the native- 
 born citizens of Broadwater county who are con- 
 tributing in every possible way towards its _ growth 
 and development, whether relating to its agricultural 
 or financial interests, is Franklin U. Keene, whose 
 birth occurred October 22, 1883. on the farm of his 
 father, Thomas F. Keene. _ 
 
 Born at Sterling, Virginia, July 15, _ i836,_ Thomas 
 F. Keene spent his earlier years in his native state, 
 during the Civil war serving through one enlistment 
 in the Confederate army. Following the tide of emi- 
 gration westward in 1864, he became a pioneer settler 
 of Alder Gulch, Montana, on the long and tedious 
 journey by wagons across the plains being accompanied 
 by two brothers, Harvey L and Flavius J., whose 
 death occurred in July, 1906. These three venturesome 
 pioneers suffered, in common with their very few 
 neighbors, all of the hardships and privations of fron- 
 tier life, but eventually became extensive land owners, 
 and prosperous ranchmen, of Broadwater county. Mr. 
 Thomas F. Keene was for awhile engaged in mining 
 in the vicinitv of Alder Gulch, Helena and Diamond. 
 
 Deciding, however, that he could make more off of 
 the land as an agriculturist than he could dig out of 
 it as a miner, he located in Broadwater county, and 
 has since proved up a large tract of land that is now 
 one of the finest improved and most valuable ranches 
 in central Montana. He has spared neither time nor 
 expense in the improvement of his property, more 
 especially since the formation of the firm of Thomas 
 F. Keene & Sons, of which he is at the head. He mar- 
 
 ried Sarah Virginia Downtain, of Missouri, who has 
 proved herself a helpmate in the truest sense implied 
 by the term, sharing with him the early labors on the 
 home ranch, and doing her full share in the rearing 
 and educating of one of the finest families in the 
 county. Seven children blessed their union, five of 
 whom are living, as follows: Newton, Guy, and 
 
 Franklin U., who are in business with their father; 
 Jesse Ray and Virginia Viola, attending the Town- 
 send high school. Guy Keene, the second son of the 
 parental household, married Hattie Porter, of Ohio, 
 and lives on the home ranch. 
 
 After leaving the public schools of Broadwater 
 county, Franklin U. Keene continued his studies at 
 Central College Academy, in Fayette, Missouri, and 
 afterwards spent three years at the college in Boze- 
 man, Montana, taking the college course, and special- 
 izing in civil engineering. Returning home when 
 through college, Mr. Keene engaged in agricultural 
 pursuits as a member of the enterprising firm of 
 Thomas F. Keene & Sons, and is meeting with un- 
 qualified success in his labors. 
 
 A man of broad thought and decided opinions, Mr. 
 Keene takes great interest in everything pertaining to 
 the history and government of the United States, and 
 is active in public affairs, since May 22, 1911, having 
 served as deputy clerk and recorder of Broadwater 
 county. Fraternally he is a member of the Indepen- 
 dent Order of Odd Fellows, and served during 1912 as 
 vice grand. He is also an active member of Sons and 
 Daughters of Montana, an organization of which the 
 state is proud. 
 
 Mr. Keene was married July 24, 1912, in Butte, Mon- 
 tana, to Ethel Alberta Oliver, daughter of Rev. S. A. 
 Oliver, of Billings, Montana. 
 
 John Selby Martin Neill. In setting forth the 
 statement that no man in the state of Montana exerted 
 a more potent influence in a political way than did 
 the late John S. M. Neill, it is not anticipated that any 
 will be found who will feel justified in gainsaying that 
 assertion. It is a fact that as proprietor of the Helena 
 Independent he was a recognized power in affairs 
 of a statewide import, and his passing has robbed 
 Alontana of one of the most aggressive forces for 
 public good that the state has ever known. His con- 
 ception of the political and economic exigencies was 
 ever clear and decisive, and he was a master in the wise 
 manipulation of those forces which dominated the activ- 
 ities of his party. The Democratic contingent in Mon- 
 tana ever found its interests materially furthered through 
 his timely efforts, which were inspired through his innate 
 love of his adopted state, and the city which was his 
 greatest pride for so many years. 
 
 John S. M. Neill was born in the city of St. Paul. 
 Minnesota, on March 25, i860, and was the son of 
 Rev. Edward D. and Nancy (Hall) Neill, natives of 
 the states of Pennsylvania and Maryland, respectively. 
 The father was a clergyman in the Presbyterian church, 
 and a man of exceptional ability. When John S. M. 
 Neill was two years of age the family home was re- 
 moved to Philadelphia, and later to the city of Wash- 
 ington, D. C. In 1869 Reverend Neill was appointed to 
 the post of consul to Dublin, Ireland, by President Grant, 
 and it was in the city of Dublin that the subject re- 
 ceived his preliminary educational training. The fam- 
 ily returned to America in 1872, locating in Minneapo- 
 lis. and there the boy continued his studies in the pub- 
 lic schools of that city, graduating from the high 
 school with the class of 1877. Soon after he was 
 matriculated in Delaware College at Newark, Dela- 
 ware, and in 1881 he was duly graduated with the 
 degree of Bachelor of Arts. For two years there- 
 after he was a student in the law department of the 
 Columbian University, at Washington, D. C., after 
 which he came to Montana, locating in Helena, and 
 
1258 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 this city ever since has represented his home and the 
 center of his activities until the day of his death. 
 
 It was not long after he settled in Helena that Mr. 
 Neill began to take an active hand in the Democratic 
 politics of the city and state. His honest work in the 
 two Cleveland campaigns resulted, upon Mr. Cleve- 
 land’s second election, in the appointment of Mr. 
 Neill to the office of surveyor-general of the state, and 
 this post he retained until there was a change in the 
 administrative politics of the nation. It may be said 
 at tins point, that this was the only political_ office Mr. 
 Neill ever was prevailed upon to accept, his energies 
 being given rather to the placing of capable men in 
 public office than to filling such offices himself, or seek- 
 ing political favor for his own furtherance. As a 
 vigorous and aggressive leader of the Democratic forces, 
 the state early recognized the qualities of the man, and 
 in that capacity he soon established a reputation that 
 has never been exceeded in Montana. For years the 
 Helena Independent had been the Democratic organ at 
 the state capital, and the efforts of the Republicans to 
 secure control of the paper brought Mr. Neill into ac- 
 tion in an attempt to enlist Democratic support for the 
 Independent. He finally succeeded in securing suf- 
 ficient Democratic capital, purely from a business stand- 
 point, to secure control of the paper and the Inde- 
 pendent has from then until now been the open ally 
 of the Democratic party in Montana. It was in the 
 early nineties that Mr. Neill became the proprietor of 
 the Helena Independent, his private business interests 
 prior to that time having been confined to the real es- 
 tate business, but from the time when he became iden- 
 tified with newspaper work as the result of his efforts to 
 save the Independent from Republican control, he gave 
 his attention to the management of his paper, with a 
 success that few newspaper men of the state have 
 exceeded, or reached. 
 
 Mr. Neill was a close personal friend of former 
 Senator Clark and was a prime mover in the manage- 
 ment of the senator’s campaign in the days of the 
 memorable Clark-Daly feud, when Mr. Clark was the 
 choice of the Democratic party for senator. During 
 his later years, though still an ardent Democrat and 
 a sturdy worker in its ranks, lending through the 
 medium of his paper every possible aid to its policies 
 and its candidates, he withdrew somewhat from active 
 participation in party affairs and gave his energies 
 largely to problems of civic advancement. It was to this 
 work that the later years of his life were principally 
 devoted, and in which he had the greatest pride. To 
 Mr. Neill must be accorded the credit for the planning 
 of some of Helena’s most notable improvements, and 
 it was his persistent energy and unfailing belief in the 
 future of the city which made these improvements pos- 
 sible. The Mount Helena forest park, the Le Grande 
 Cannon Boulevard and the west side improvement dis- 
 trict, all owe in a large measure, their existence to the 
 aggressive and enterprising spirit of this man. The 
 plans for the greater state fair, now being successfully 
 worked out, were conceived in his fertile brain, and it 
 was he who brought to the support of this splendid 
 plan the influential men who are now identified with 
 the movement. He was an active member of the 
 famous committee of fifteen, appointed for the pur- 
 pose of negotiating plans for a new hotel for Helena, 
 which committee established a. record in raising more 
 than $300,000 in nine days for the success of the 
 project. He, too, was one of those who were active 
 in the movement with regard to the Great Wesleyan 
 University. Perhaps his most ambitious project with 
 regard to the betterment of conditions in Helena was 
 that of the Butte-Helena interurban railway, which was 
 fast nearing its consummation through his efforts 
 at the time of his death, and all his labors were per- 
 formed with the idea in mind of making Helena the 
 largest and most important city in the state, or in this 
 section of the northwest. 
 
 The editorial expression which appeared in the In- 
 dependent on the day following the death of Mr. 
 Neill so aptly expresses the position he held in Helena 
 and so well denotes the character of the man, that 
 full space is here given to the article: “Yesterday, at 
 
 Arkansas Hot Springs, a great and courageous man, 
 after a struggle which excited the admiration of those 
 who knew the hopelessness of the battle he was waging 
 with the grim reaper, met the defeat which in time 
 comes to us all. John S. M. Neill is dead. 
 
 “For years Mr. Neill had been a sick man. His 
 physicians sought in vain to make him detach himself 
 from the ordinary affairs of life and devote himself to 
 the task of restoring his failing health. But there was 
 much to be done, and beyond a few brief weeks of 
 rest and recuperation, his restless energy and indomi- 
 table purpose madejiim keep his shoulder to the wheel 
 almost to the very hour when Nature claimed her in- 
 exorable toll. 
 
 "The place which Mr. Neill filled in Montana and in 
 Montana’s affairs was a big one. In the various activi- 
 ties to which men devote themselves, his influence was 
 widely felt. In the industrial and political life of the 
 state he was a strong man of affairs. He believed 
 implicitly in Montana. He glorified in Montana’s ad- 
 vancement and looked forward with confidence to the 
 brilliant future of the state. 
 
 “But big as he was in Montana’s affairs, he w'as 
 even bigger in the affairs of this city, and the men 
 with whom he labored in a common cause agree that 
 he was Helena’s ablest and foremost champion. With 
 a degree of pride seldom approached, he loved the city 
 he had made his home, and with the full vigor of his 
 splendid intellect he worked incessantly for the welfare 
 and advancement of Helena. No project for civic im- 
 provement was so small as to be beneath his notice 
 or unworthy his help; none was so large or ambitious 
 as to stagger his purpose or cause an instant’s hesita- 
 tion to the indomitable will that was his. To build here 
 a great city — this was the ambition which Mr. Neill 
 cherished most, and this was the ambition which piled 
 up the prodigious labors of his last years. Many of 
 the projects which he inspired he lived to see wholly 
 or partially completed, and in them he took his greatest 
 pride; others were but in their initial stages, and still 
 others had scarcely been more than outlined in his own 
 .great mind and approved by the test of his remarkable 
 foresight. 
 
 “As is true in the case of all strong men, it was 
 given to but the few to know Mr. Neill intimately. To 
 many he was but the strong aggressive business man. 
 To others he was the political leader, the unbending 
 partisan. Those who knew him best, however, knew 
 that his life was full-orbed; knew that in his makeup 
 there was nothing petty or mean. His bitterest foe never 
 accused him of vindictiveness. 
 
 “Unlike many others, he took no pride in the enemies 
 he made. None so much as he regretted the strife which 
 was inseparable from his great activities. A man of 
 strong convictions, he expressed them with all the 
 strength at his command, and whether the struggle 
 was one of national import or whether it was merely a 
 minor labor for the advancement of Helena, he never 
 faltered, and yet, when the day w'as done he carried 
 home no rancor or ill will. On the human side, he 
 thought well of his fellow-men and aspired to their 
 respect and friendship. 
 
 “Next to the city of his home, it was to the Independ- 
 ent that Mr. Neill gave a large measure of his affections. 
 To make the newspaper a positive force for the intel- 
 lectual, moral and material advancement of Helena was 
 his constant aim. and to this end he labored with 
 unceasing purpose. To the men with whom he worked 
 on the Independent he was more than an employer; he 
 was a guide to better things and an inspiration to 
 wholesome endeavor.” 
 
 Mr. Neill had suffered from ill health for a number 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1259 
 
 of years, and suffered a number of attacks from which 
 his life was dispaired. Last December he showed signs 
 of returning weakness and it was in the hope of bet- 
 tering his condition, as much as for any other reason, 
 that Mr. Neill made a trip to Panama, going as the guest 
 of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. On 
 the return from Panama, i\Ir. Neill went directly to the 
 Hot Springs of Arkansas, and while there he kept in 
 daily touch with his affairs in Helena, by mail and wire. 
 He expected to return to Helena about April first, 
 but death claimed him on the 22d of March. 
 
 The Helena Commercial Club, of which Mr. Neill 
 was a member of the board of directors, met on the 
 afternoon following the announcement of the death of 
 Mr. Neill and formally adopted resolutions touching 
 upon the sad event, and messages of condolence and 
 sympathy poured in upon Mrs. Neill and her son, George 
 G. E. Neill. Among many expressions of regret and 
 sorrow was one from Jeremiah Collins, of Washington, 
 D. C., former editor of the Independent, who said . 
 "In the death of John Neill, Helena has lost its stanchest 
 friend. At all times and under all circumstances his 
 first consideration was Helena. How he loved the city 
 and state of his adoption ! My intimate relations with 
 him for many years give me warrant to say that no one 
 was ever more loyal to his community or his friends. 
 His death is a distinct loss to Helena and Montana. 
 His enthusiasm and optimism in public affairs will be 
 missed, and his place as a communal leader hard to 
 fill. Bi,g of brain and heart and filled with love of 
 family, friends and neighbors, his loss must be accepted 
 as a public one. Words do not suffice to express the 
 deep regret I feel.” 
 
 Perhaps no man in Helena is better qualified to speak 
 of the real character and purpose of Mr, Neill than 
 is Edward C. Day. a prominent attorney of Helena, 
 for many years the close friend and legal adviser of Mr. 
 Neill, and his written tribute to his old friend is here 
 incorporated as being the most consistent and accurate 
 commentary upon the life and work of Mr. Neill that 
 might be procured. The article follows ; ‘Tt is im- 
 possible for me to speak of Mr. Neill except in terms, 
 which, to those who did not know him intimately, ap- 
 pear exaggerated. He came from a strong intellectual 
 and cultivated line of ancestors, and he inherited a 
 nature attuned to the finer things of life. He had re- 
 ceived a thorough early training and the foundations 
 of a liberal education, but he did not possess the 
 patience of the student, and he permitted his material 
 activities to crowd out of his life that systematic pur- 
 suit of learning which was necessary to round out his 
 training. Yet he managed to keep alive to the love of 
 ■literature which he inherited, and while he was in no 
 sense a thorough reader, he had read much of cer- 
 tain forms. He was especially devoted to biography, 
 history and oratory. iMagazines, unless containing 
 useful information, were too ephemeral to appeal to 
 him. Finely written editorials and speeches upon 
 great political questions interested him deeply, and 
 the last months of his life were practically taken up 
 with the study, as depicted in the daily and weekly 
 press, of the beginnings of the campaign which led to 
 the nominations of Woodrow Wilson and Theodore 
 Roosevelt. He was thoroughly familiar with the politi- 
 cal history of his country, devotedly attached to the 
 principles of human liberty and freedom, and had he 
 developed in less turbulent and factional times than 
 those which attended the early years of his adopted 
 state. Montana, he would, no doubt, have contributed 
 by practical service to the political history of his 
 age. He was a Democrat of the old-fashioned kind in 
 politics, yet he was keenly alive to the changes which 
 had come into our complex modern civilization, and he 
 welcomed into the party the new intellectual and lib- 
 eral spirit, which found its expression in the leader- 
 ship of Governor Wilson, whom very early after his 
 
 election as Governor of New Jersey, Air. Neill hailed 
 as the coming leader of the Democratic forces. 
 
 “Another striking intellectual trait which amounted 
 almost to genius, was his ability to see far into the 
 future, and to shape his action so as to lead to great 
 future results, which were not apparent to the ordi- 
 nary men. This faculty often led him into conflict 
 with those of slower perceptions, who thought him a 
 dreamer and denounced his schemes as wild and vision- 
 ary. Being himself quick of temper and with but little 
 patience for what he thought was stupidity and narrow- 
 mindedness, he met the attack with equal denunciation, 
 and his wordy encounters over matters of public or civic 
 policy were often inexplicable to those easy going 
 natures, who never do anything until compelled to it by 
 some external force. This trait enabled him to render 
 signal service to his city and his state. He foresaw, 
 as but few men did, the future greatness and early 
 development of Montana, and he labored to. have the 
 foundations of government laid broadly and sketched 
 plans for the future, worthy of an empire. Especially 
 was this true of his plans for the state capital build- 
 ing, the state fair grounds, and his ideas upon the cen- 
 tralization of her educational institutions. Small natures 
 could see nothing present in these plans, and taking the 
 cue from their own littleness, often attributed to him 
 selfish motives, or a desire to profit personally, and they 
 defeated or delayed many of his efforts by the preju- 
 dice which they were enabled to thus arouse against 
 him. But it is a satisfaction to his friends to know 
 that already the actual growth of the state has con- 
 firmed many of his views, and there are those who 
 already regret their own short-sightedness and conse- 
 quent failure of co-operation, which might have has- 
 tened the success of ventures now too long delayed. So, 
 too, in city affairs, he loved the city of Helena as a 
 child of his own blood. He saw her, in his splendid 
 imagination, sitting enthroned in her mountain home, 
 with the great fertile valley at her feet and peopled with 
 a host of happy prosperous people, worthy to be the 
 capital city of the great empire to be. And he wrought 
 with all of the impassioned force of his life to ac- 
 complish this end. He labored, as did but few others, 
 to make her the capital of Alontana, and from that day 
 until the day of his death, it is not an exaggeration 
 to say, not a_ day passed that her future did not rise 
 before his vision, and that his ceaseless mental energies 
 were not actively engaged in meditation upon her wel- 
 fare. Not as a great manufacturing, or mining, or 
 banking, or business or political center, — he would have 
 her all these, — but as the great social, intellectual and 
 spiritual center of the state was his ambition. No 
 movement was too great to have its center here, and 
 no building could be designed by the .greatest architect 
 which would be too magnificent to house the species 
 of her activities. 
 
 “Next to his breadth of vision was the clarity of hi.s 
 vision, and directness of speech. He had a peculiar 
 timidity about public appearance, and he never made a 
 set public speech in his life; yet he was the most force- 
 ful public speaker of his generation. He never attempted 
 a public utterance until he became so full of his sub- 
 ject that he could not restrain himself, and then when 
 he arose to his feet, it was to pour forth a stream 
 of direct and forceful words that overpowered his 
 adversaries. His speech was more like the swift, recur- 
 rent forceful blows of a great hammer weldin.g quickly 
 the hot iron into shape. He could not introduce a 
 subject to his audience, or enter into detailed explana- 
 tions. but he could sum up the arguments on his side 
 at the close of a running debate, in a manner which 
 would have made him famous as a parliamentary 
 orator. 
 
 “He could inspire others with his ideas in such 
 a way as to make them and the public think them 
 original, whereas the writer was but wielding the 
 pen of Neill. This was most noticeable in the work 
 
1260 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 of his newspaper. He was fortunate in securing the 
 services of several writers peculiarly gifted as to style. 
 Whenever he was moved to advocate a cause he would 
 have a talk with his editor, which would resemble a 
 public lecture or a tirade upon the editor’s shortcom- 
 ings, as the case might be. The result would be an 
 editorial which radiated life from every sentence, and 
 differed as much from the daily work of the editor as 
 the inspired poem differs from doggerel. The Neill 
 editorial was well known. When it appeared the com- 
 munity was thrilled, and his enemies feared the shriek 
 of his message and took to cover, as the soldier shrinks 
 from the shrill cry of the bullet or shell. 
 
 "His courage, physical and moral, was remark- 
 able. He knew no foe of whose strength he was 
 afraid. Not that he underestimated it, but he posses- 
 sed so much of self-confidence that when he assumed 
 a position he accepted all of its responsibilities. He 
 was generous and charitable to an unusual degree. He 
 gave freely of time and money to every cause which 
 was presented to him, and to those in which he was 
 especially interested he gave his whole self. If he was 
 your friend there was no sacrifice he would not make 
 to aid you, and the only return he ever asked was that 
 of loyalty. The only fault he could not forgive was 
 that of double-dealing on the part of one whose 
 friendship he had accepted and returned at face value. 
 
 "His devotion to his family, and to all the members 
 of it, whether to his brothers or sisters, as well as to 
 his wife and son, was most touching and beautiful. 
 Here the generosity of his nature knew no bounds, and 
 he heaped upon them a wealth of love and affection, 
 exhibited not merely in words, but in deeds of sac- 
 rifice, sustenance and support, which was only lim- 
 ited by his strength and means. 
 
 "His life was short, measured by ordinary rules, but 
 it was full and rich from the beginning to the end. 
 When told a few years ago by his physician that he 
 could only live a year, unless he gave up all and went 
 to some quiet health resort, he calmly and without a 
 moment’s hesitation announced that he would choose 
 the year of his life. He lived the remaining years 
 fully conscious of the immediate presence of death, 
 laboring strenuously to perform as much as possible 
 of his assumed life’s work, before the summons came. 
 When it came it found him earnestly engaged in his 
 beloved task of devising plans for the improvement of 
 the city of Helena. He turned aside and laid down to 
 rest like a tired child, to awake no more on earth. 
 This is written of him that something of his indomitable 
 spirit and inspired vision may be transmitted to those 
 upon whom his task now falls.’’ 
 
 IMr. Neill left a widow and one son who mourn his 
 loss. He was married on November 7, 1883, to Miss 
 -Margaret G. Evans, of Newark, Delaware, and one 
 son, George G. E. Neill, was born to them, who has 
 succeeded his father as proprietor of the Independent. 
 IMr. Neill was educated in Princeton University, and is 
 recognized in Helena as the proper successor of the 
 father in his unfinished life work. 
 
 C.^PTAiN Thomas Couch. The name of Captain 
 Couch is known from California to Alaska. For nearly 
 half a century it was one with which to conjure in 
 mining circles great and small. His decisions made 
 and unmade fabulous fortunes and there were times 
 when the shake of his head caused stocks on the Wall 
 street market to tremble. Montana owes to him an 
 imrneasurable debt of gratitude. No other single in- 
 dividual has so largely contributed to the development 
 of her resources and to the establishment of her finan- 
 cial integrity at home and abroad. 
 
 An Englishman by birth, the captain seemed always 
 most typically American in mind, heart and manner. 
 He was born on the twenty-ninth day of December, 
 1843. at Praiz-Camborne, Cornwall, England. After a 
 life filled with adventure, crowded with discovery and 
 
 invention and paved with good deeds, he passed away, 
 into a land of broader opportunities. His death oc- 
 curred February 5, 1902. He died in Lane Hospital at 
 ban hrancisco, having gone to that state of perpetual 
 sunshine in search of the one asset that his own great 
 efforts could not bring him — abounding health For 
 SIX weeks he had been the prey of bodily ills that in- 
 creased rather than lessened during his sojourn in 
 California. His body was carried back to Montana, 
 the state nearest his heart, where every citizen knevv 
 his name and many had reaped the benefits of the more 
 intimate knowledge of the man himself. His body 
 rests in Highland Cemetery, Great Falls, the town that 
 he finally chose for his home. 
 
 Even in his boyhood the mysteries of the earth held 
 Thomas Couch with a great fascination. When twenty 
 years of age he left England for America attracted 
 here by rumor of the wonderful treasure beneath our 
 soil. On landing,, he went at once to the Lake Superior 
 or copper district. The great finds in California, how- 
 ever, soon lured him to the coast. His first trip was made 
 by way of the Isthmus of Panama to San Francisco. 
 For five years he worked in the gold fields of Cali- 
 fornia, spending most of his time at the Grass Valley 
 mines and on the properties near New Almaden. In 
 1868, he pushed on into Nevada, two years later as- 
 suming the control of the Hidden Treasure mine at 
 White Pine, the most important find of that vicinity, 
 and 1871 found him temporarily in Camp Floyd, Utah. 
 From there he went to Tintic to become the manager 
 of the_ Mammoth Copperopolis, a gold and silver mine 
 of national reputation. Bingham next claimed his at- 
 tention. Here he operated successfully the Neptune 
 and Jordan silver and lead mines, leaving Bingham to 
 become superintendent of the Hidden Treasure of Dry 
 Canyon, an exceedingly rich find that was soon ex- 
 hausted. The last property with which he was con- 
 nected in Utah was the Horn Silver at Frisco. 
 
 Mr. Couch had now become, through his study and 
 perseverance, a man of science, a student of mineralogy, 
 geology and metallurgy as well as a practical mine 
 operator. In the interest of eastern capital, he traveled 
 through the entire western portion of the United States 
 and Canada, examining a mine here and opening one 
 there as the case might be. On coming to Montana in 
 1883, he located in Butte where he became known as the 
 greatest mining expert of his day. Within a very 
 short time, he reported on properties in Deer Lodge, 
 Lewis and Clark and Meagher counties. He was instru- 
 mental in developing and managing almost all of the 
 greatest mines of the state. In company with Capt. 
 John Daniels of Michigan he examined and reported 
 upon a group of mines embracing the Mountain View, ' 
 Colusa, Liquidator and West Colusa. These were 
 owned by Mr. C. A. Larabie and the Montana Copper 
 Company. His favorable report resulted in the pur- 
 chase of these properties, their consolidation and 
 the formation of the Boston & Montana Copper & 
 Silver Mining Company. The magnitude of this en- 
 terprise and the enormous dividends paid to the fortu- 
 nate stockholders under the skillful management of 
 Captain Couch have become a part of the history of 
 Montana. The smallest detail in connection with the 
 development of this huge property failed to escape his 
 notice. He personally supervised the opening of each 
 new mine, the working of the smelters and concentra- 
 tors and the control of the men employed above and. be- 
 low ground. . . . , 1 
 
 Immediately' upon arriving in Montana, Mr. Couch 
 had been employed as a mining expert by Col. C. A. 
 Broadwater. Almost his first work in the state was the 
 examination of the Broadwater properties _ at Neihart. 
 Almost a year was devoted to the examination of other 
 mines in which Colonel Broadwater was interested. It 
 was under his direction that the important mines at 
 Castle were developed. His family joined him in Butte 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 T261 
 
 at about the time he became manager for the Boston & 
 ^Montana Consolidated Copper & Silver IMining Com- 
 pany when they organized the company. Largely upon 
 his advice, the company decided in 1889 to erect the 
 huge smelters at Great Falls. Mining men generally 
 had no confidence in the plan but the work was rushed 
 to completion. Within two years after the smelters 
 were completed the company began to pay dividends. 
 From that time so long as Captain Couch remained in 
 control dividends, output and employees all increased 
 together. In 1896, a new feature in the company’s 
 affairs so displeased the captain that he handed in his 
 resignation. By that time, however, he was inde- 
 pendently wealthy in his own right. He invested a 
 portion of his capital in a gold dredging enterprise on 
 the Feather river near Oroville, California. This was 
 the beginning of the development of gold dredging by 
 steam, the first boat for dredging in placer mining 
 being built at the mandate of Captain Couch. This 
 process, a success from the first when established on 
 the Feather river, has since become known as tiie 
 best system of its kind on record and is in general 
 use in all parts of the world where placer mining is 
 available. 
 
 i In 1889, Captain Couch purchased from Robert 
 'Vaughn, the Sunnyside ranch on Sun river about thir- 
 /teen miles from Great Falls. Sunnyside was the first 
 j homestead filed on in that section of Montana. Robert 
 I Vaughn having pre-empted on it in 1869. The ranch as 
 I purchased by Mr. Couch twenty years ^ later included 
 one thousand acres of land, together with all the live 
 stock. The land is cross fenced for pastures, meadows, 
 orchards and grain fields. The water supply is all that 
 could be desired. A large irrigating ditch taps the 
 Sun river near Fort Shaw twelve miles above the 
 ranch. A system of cross ditches is so arranged that 
 every foot of the land is watered. On a commanding- 
 site near the center of this estate overlooking the wind- 
 ing river, the captain erected a substantial brick house. 
 This house of twelve commodious rooms is so skill- 
 fully and comfortably arranged as to be in every sense 
 a home. Here, some members of the captain’s family 
 still reside. 
 
 For many years Mr. Couch took a keen delight in 
 the breeding and raising of blooded cattle and horses. 
 Many of the finest animals of the state were bred upon 
 his ranch. It was due to his efforts that the race track 
 on the west side was established, thirty thousand dol- 
 lars of his fortune being invested therein. Among his 
 most cherished horses were Lustre, 4,385 national regis- 
 ter of French draft horses, a’-id Forest Chief, then at 
 the head of trotting stock, and a descendant of a long 
 line of thoroughbreds. Most of six hundred head of 
 registered cattle were kept on the Smith river ranch 
 at the junction of the Smith and the Missouri rivers. 
 This ranch consisted of about one thousand one hun- 
 dred acres of land and was worth a fortune in itself. 
 The value of the cattle it would be difficult to estimate. 
 They were mostly thoroughbreds of the Shorthorn, 
 Hereford and Hotskin breeds. Through his study and 
 experiments in the breeding of stock, Mr. Couch con- 
 ferred an ii-iestimable favor on his state, being directly 
 responsible for the raising of the standard of cattle in 
 Montana. 
 
 During the early days of her statehood, the captain 
 was recognized as the leader of the Republican party 
 in Montana. He had but to reach out his hand to 
 .grasp the highest office it was in her power to bestow, 
 in 1892 he was urged to accept the nomination for 
 governor but declined the honor with decisive kindness. 
 His iron will and great personal magnetism combined 
 with his love of the human race made him always a 
 leader of men whether in a political campaign or a 
 mining community. Although his political satellites 
 were willing to obev the slightest beck of his hand, he 
 never used his power for his own aggrandizement nor 
 
 for that of his personal friends. After 1S94 he gave 
 little time to politics although in 1896 he was a strong 
 advocate of the free and unlimited coinage of silver. 
 It was a great disappointment to him that the party 
 to which he had given such loyal service could not 
 embrace this principle to which the local conditions of 
 Montana lent such importance. Even so, the captain 
 was never anything but a stalwart Republican. 
 
 Capt. Thomas Couch was married on the twenty- 
 eighth day of December, 1873, to Miss Rachael Webber, 
 the daughter of John Webber of Goshen, Utah. Mr. 
 Webber was a native of South Wales, having been 
 born at Myrthr Fydvil in October of 1855. He came 
 to America while still in his boyhood, settling with his 
 parents at Austin, Nevada. Here he was known as 
 one of the pioneer miners of that state. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Couch became the parents of seven 
 children. The oldest son, Thomas Couch, Jr., was 
 born at Goshen, Utah, on the fourteenth day of June, 
 1878. He is now one of the trustees of his father’s vast 
 estate residing at Great Falls and active manager of 
 the entire estate which now is divided into the Couch 
 Brothers’ Company, and the Couch Investment, incor- 
 porated companies which embrace the entire estate and 
 Thomas W. is president of both companies. Edwin G. 
 is a ranchman in Cascade county, Frederick M., the 
 third son is just older than Racheal Mary, the only 
 daughter. She is now Mrs. Lee M. Ford, of Great 
 Falls. Albert C. and John D. Couch are students of 
 Leland Stanford University at Palo Alto, California. 
 Here, too, the mother, Mrs. Thomas Couch, makes 
 her home. William, the youngest member of the fam- 
 ily is just past sixteen. 
 
 Captain Couch was the idol of his family. To his 
 sons he was always a good comrade, a friend and ad- 
 visor as well as their final authority on all questions of 
 import. Big of nature, broad of view and generous 
 to a fault, he found in his great wealth a means of 
 satisfying his humanitarian instincts and to this end it 
 gave him much satisfaction. His charity was individual 
 and unostentatious. He neither built libraries nor en- 
 dowed schools, but the hearts of thousands of laboring 
 men ached at his passing. It was his fondest claim that 
 no man ever came to him for assistance or advice and 
 went away unconsoled. The very geniality of his 
 presence was a comfort in time of stress. He never 
 knew failure except as a stepping stone to success. His 
 optimism was contagious and with it as a slogan it 
 seemed easy to always push on to victory. 
 
 His friendship once given was infallible and eternal. 
 The best that he had belonged equally to his friend. 
 The captain was a man of intellect and cultured literary 
 tastes with no mean education to assist him. As a 
 young man he contributed many articles on literary and 
 scientific subjects to such journals as the Inter-Mountain 
 and the Salt Lake Tribune. Had he found the leisure 
 to pursue this line of work he might be known today 
 as a writer as well as a mine expert and a ranch king. 
 His writings reflected the true character of the man. 
 It was concise, forceful and big of viewpoint. 
 
 D. T. Curran. A native of Ireland, Timothy Cur- 
 ran came to America when a young man. For a time 
 he lived in Rhode Island, and there he met and married 
 a young woman from the same country as that he was 
 born in, Mary Wharton of same county, Ireland. Shortly 
 after their marriage they moved to northern Michigan, 
 and here in Negaunee, their son Daniel was born on 
 July 19, 1861. During his residence in JMichigan, i\Ir. 
 Curran worked in the iron mines. Later they moved 
 to Sibley county, Minnesota and engaged in farming. 
 iMr. Timothy Curran still lives there, a hale and hearty 
 farmer of four score and six. His wife died in the 
 fall of 1901 at the age of 74. There were two daugh- 
 ters and seven sons in the family of Timothy and Mary 
 Curran, and all are living at the present time. 
 
12G2 
 
 HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 Our subject is the oldest of the Curran family. He 
 received his education in the Michigan public schools, 
 •md later in those of St. Paul. Upon going into busi- 
 ness. he first engaged in the grocery business in St 
 Paul, and then went to Bismarck, Borth Dakota, where 
 he was in the same line of work. 
 
 In i88^ Curran came to ^lontana ami ^tlled at 
 
 I ivingstoi’i. He was employed in Winston 
 store there for a time, but after a while he went into 
 business for himself. In 1889, he came to JMissoula and 
 worked for the H. W. AIcLaughhn Lumber Companv. 
 
 1-e most of the people of his ancestry. ^Ir. Cur- 
 
 n^Jwn aptitude for public life, ^nd^he . an aHive 
 
 f 1 his office as under-sheriff and ser\ed in th 
 
 Ccjll W t„- ^ W,.c„ ... 
 
 .Yl JlFc.,rraA.ar.«l h. pr»e.,t In.sh.tss t.e 
 
 .cLn,e.c.l 
 
 his active participation in F'Sin 
 
 S,.'lTo.,n'.y coZIsL.KT'n.1 « of 
 
 m' boar" The count, has no more devote, or effi- 
 
 SIT,.:™ ond"'f.cS.rr ^1.™“.,..*.;.,. ,he 
 
 utc of Montont,. as he was one of t.s "'«» POP"'*' 
 ami dis.innnishe<l eitieens. The 
 
 Marion to Mr. Curran took place at Missoula, 
 isoii Mr and Mrs. Curran have two daughters, 
 le now a student at Notre Dame University and 
 MnCoii at home The family are communicants of 
 t'he Catholic church and Mr. Curran 
 the Knights of Columbus and with the Woodmen of the 
 M'orld ' Both he and his wife arc of the type whic 
 Missoula is fond of claiming as representative of her 
 citizenship: popular, successful and piiblic-spinted. 
 
 L.M1GHING George Burson. Old-Timer. Probably 
 there is no man in the western part of Montana who is 
 more generallv and popularly known and who has a 
 m-eater host of friends than the Honorable George Bur- 
 son, perhaps more commonly known through the Coeur 
 Jr^Alene mining country, and the state of Montana as 
 “Laughing George.’ 
 
 Itlr.' Burson was born at Schoolcraft, Michigan, May 
 i8, 1835, and there he spent his boyhood days. 
 
 He came to St. Paul, Minnesota, when about seven- 
 teen vears of age, living in that city for twenty years 
 coming to Thompson Falls in 1883, in the early days of 
 the Coeur d’Alene mining excitement. 
 
 At that time this towm was the easiest point from 
 which to reach the Coeur d’ Alenes, and George con- 
 ceived the idea of establishing a half-way stopping place 
 between here and the mining camps. 
 
 Pic erected several substantial log cabins about fif- 
 teen miles out on Prospect creek, where he provided 
 accommodations for man and beast for eight years. 
 
 At that time there was only a trail imo the Coeur d’ 
 Alene country and everything had to be packed in, 
 either by man or horse. George was one of the most 
 
 stalwart men in the district and would take something 
 like one hundred and fifty pounds on his back and carry 
 it from the Thompson Falls railroad station to his half- 
 way house in half a day. 
 
 When the weary traveler reached the Burson half- 
 way house he always met a hearty welcome, whether he 
 had money or not, and if George had received pay for 
 all the people and teams he has fed he would today be 
 a wealthy man. Even in times of adversity and bad 
 luck he continues to keep his Mark Tapley good dis- 
 position. 
 
 One day when he was on the hill working on some 
 of his antimony properties, P'rank Griswold came up to 
 inform him that all his cabins and barns and about 
 everything he had on earth was burning down. 
 
 George said : “Ha ! ha ! ha ! I w'onder what damn 
 fool set those cabins on fire.” 
 
 Only one of the original cabins still stands but this 
 is today known as the “Mountain House.” 
 
 Air. Burson is the owner of one of the best lead- 
 silver mining properties on the creek, known as the Jim 
 P'isk, and also a group of patented antimony claims. 
 
 He has one sister, Mrs. H. M. Milliner, living in 
 California, and many distant relatives scattered through- 
 out the United States, but never leaves Thompson 
 Palls longer than to spend a few months in the sum- 
 mer at the halfway house, looking after the work on 
 Ins mining property. 
 
 Politically, George is a “dyed in the wool” Democrat, 
 casting his first vote for Buchanan, and has voted the 
 straight ticket ever since. 
 
 History fails to show any record that George ever 
 possessed a temper. Always pleasant and joyful, hon- 
 est and generous, always the gentleman, and if merri- 
 ment is any indication of longevity, his inspiring laugh 
 will be heard for many years to come. 
 
 Dr. R.vlph S. Hedges, a successful physician and a 
 prominent and influential citizen of A'lusselshell county 
 whose residence is in Melstone, is a comparatively 
 young man in years but may really be termed a Alon- 
 tana pioneer, for he became a resident of this com- 
 monwealth in 1883 when it was yet a territory and 
 has lived here ever since, with the exception of the 
 time spent in acejuiring his professional training. Born 
 and educated in the East and reared there to a respon- 
 sible age, he has had the opportunity to judge and to 
 select between the east and the west and by choice 
 he has remained a citizen of Montana, one who says 
 lie would not care to live anywhere else. 
 
 Dr. Pledges was born in Carthage, New York, No- 
 vember 6, 1867, and was two years old when his parents 
 removed from there to Newburg, New York, where 
 he grew to the age of eleven. He then became a 
 student in Greylock Institute in Massachusetts and 
 after two years there he took up studies at Williston 
 Seminary, Easthampton, Alassachusetts as a prepara- 
 tory course for Yale University. His studies were dis- 
 continued in 1883, however, when his parents removed 
 to Alontana, and instead of completing his education 
 as previously planned he took up life on a ranch in 
 Custer county, Montana, about one hundred miles 
 from Miles City, where he assisted his father in ranch- 
 ing and in the stock business until 1886. In that 
 year he, his father and his uncle took up the breeding 
 of fine horses and continued it there until 1889, when 
 they moved to the north side of the Yellowstone river, 
 about twenty miles from Glendive, where they con- 
 tinued in their previous line of business until 1894. 
 Having decided on the profession of medicine as his 
 life work. Dr. Hedges then began his studies in Rush 
 .Medical College at Chicago and concluded them in the 
 Bellevue Hospital and Medical College at New York, 
 where he received his degree and was graduated in 
 i8gg. With this thorough preparation he returned to 
 Alontana and started out in the practice of his pro- 
 
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 ■-If 
 
 ■* "V. 
 
 
 /' ■ 
 
 ./■ 
 
 V ■•; N»i .A 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1263 
 
 fession at Glendive, remaining there nearly two years 
 before locating at Levvistovvn, Montana, where he prac- 
 ticed until 1909. After a short period spent in Buffalo. 
 South Dakota, he returned to Montana and has since 
 been located at Melstone, where he has already gained 
 a representative clientele and is recognized as a skilful, 
 conscientious and in every respect reliable practitioner. 
 
 Dr. Hedges is a son of Dr. Montreville M. Hedges, 
 a soldier of the Union during the Civil war and a 
 native, of New York who made his final home in Mon- 
 tana. He was a doctor of dentistry and a great horse- 
 man and after coming to this state was e.xtcnsively 
 interested in the raising of thoroughbred horses, own- 
 ing many fine herds of blooded stock. He passed to 
 the life beyond in 1911 at the age of sixty-nine and was 
 interred at Lewistown by the side of his wife, who 
 had passed away in 1907 at the age of fifty-nine. She 
 was Miss Josephine W. Smith prior to her marriage, 
 a native of Ireland whom Dr. Hedges married in New 
 York state and who bore him two children, the eldest 
 of whom is the immediate subject of this review. 
 
 While a student in college Dr. Ralph S. Hedges was 
 married at New York City on December 31, 1896, to 
 Miss Maud LeBeau, whose parents are residents of 
 London, Ohio. To this union have been born three 
 daughters ; Helen L., now a high school student, and 
 Ruth L. and Grace L., both pupils in the grades. Dr. 
 and Mrs. Hedges are communicants of the Episcopal 
 church and the latter is a member of the Ladies’ Guild 
 and takes an active part in church work. Dr. Hedges is 
 a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of 
 Elks, and in politics has always been identified with 
 the Republican party, in the work of which he takes 
 an active interest. While a resident of South Dakota 
 he served as coroner and county physician and his 
 qualifications and adaptabilities for public position have 
 caused him to be frequently solicited to accept higher 
 political honors, but he has always refused. While 
 closely devoted to this profession, Dr. Hedges’ interests 
 are broad. He enjoys athletics, especially an interest- 
 ing game of football or a good boxing match, and is 
 appreciative of the arts and of literature, in the latter 
 of which his preference is for history. In manner he 
 is courteous and genial, an agreeable companion in 
 social life and one whose personal characteristics ren- 
 der him popular with all whom he meets in business or 
 social relations. He has spent nearly thirty years in 
 this state, has witnessed its accomplishments and is 
 familiar with its resources and possibilities, and has an 
 abiding faith in its future. Here he has given of the 
 best of his energies and ability in professional service 
 and has so directed his life that in each of his locations 
 he has come to be recognized as a citizen of the high- 
 est worth and standing. It is as a citizen of such 
 qualities that we are pleased to give him mention among 
 the representative men of Montana. 
 
 John S. Marshall. Illinois was the birthplace of 
 the present mayor of Lewistown. His parents, John 
 S. and Hannah L. Marshall were both natives of Penn- 
 sylvania, whose families moved to Rock Island county, 
 Illinois, and settled on farms in that picturesque sec- 
 tion of the state. The marriage of the elder John Mar- 
 shall took place in Illinois and here the five children 
 were born, John S. Junior, being the youngest. The 
 date of his birth was October 2, i860. Four years 
 later, his father came out to Montana intending to 
 bring his family later, if the locality seemed desirable, 
 but after two years he died at the early age of thirty- 
 si.x, and is buried at York, IMontana. 
 
 The earliest recollections of John and his brother 
 were of responsibility. When but five years of age, 
 the former began to be a wage earner, and to turn over 
 to his mother the slender emoluments of his services 
 as errand boy to his grandfather. When he first left 
 
 the public school, it was to learn the business of a tele- 
 graph operator, and he followed this profession for 
 several years, but when about twenty decided that there 
 was not enough money in such work. He decided to 
 come west and made his plans accordingly, so the 
 year of 1883 found him on his way to Montana. After 
 investigating various locations in the state, he came to 
 Fergus county, and took up land. He still owns this 
 ranch and his residence of the county has been con- 
 tinuous since his first entrance into it. It was to stock 
 raising that Mr. Marshall turned his attention when 
 he first took up his land and he has followed it ever 
 since with signal success. 
 
 Five years after settling in Montana Mr. Marshall re- 
 turned to Illinois on a pleasant errand. On November 
 27', 1888, he was united in marriage to Margaret E. 
 Shook, of Whiteside county, the daughter of Mr. ana 
 Mrs. James Shook. The nine children of this marriage 
 were all born in Montana, and all still reside here. Of 
 the five boys, Dana, the eldest, has finished school, and 
 is now running one of his father’s farms in the county. 
 In this he is assisted by John S., junior, the third in 
 point of age. Frank, the second son, resides in Lewis- 
 town with his father and mother. He is the present 
 city clerk. Mildred, the eldest daughter, is attending 
 high school, while the other members of the house- 
 hold, Raymond, Nina, Grace and Blanche, are in the 
 grades. Kenneth died January 26, 1911, age 14. 
 
 Mr. Marshall’s brother, Frank Marshall, also came 
 to Montana and now resides at Great Falls where he 
 is deputy clerk of the court. Two of his sisters, Ella 
 and Emma, also live in the state. The former is the 
 wife of Z. S. Baker, one of the successful ranchers of 
 Fergus county. Emma Marshall is now Mrs. Milton 
 Collins of Basin, Montana. Mr. Collins is engaged in 
 mining in that city. Priscilla, the other sister, is Mrs. 
 George Howell, and has lived in California ever since 
 her marriage. The mother of this family lived to the 
 age of sixty-six, when she passed away at the home of 
 her son in Fergus county. The date of her death was 
 August 10, 1897, and she is buried in this county. 
 
 Mr. Marshall has several avocations, the pursuit of 
 which in no way interferes with his vocation, which is 
 ranching. For one thing, he is devoted to music and is 
 a violinist of no mean ability. For a score of years 
 he has played in the orchestra. Musicians are not 
 generally considered to be strong in the more practical 
 matters, nor are they often men of affairs, but all gen- 
 eralities are likely to have shining exceptions in i\Ion- 
 tana and Mr. Marshall’s case is one in point. Another 
 matter to which he gives much attention is politics. He 
 is one of the pillars of the Democratic party, in which 
 organization he is one of the most able as well as one of 
 the most popular members. He was the choice of the 
 county for the post of assessor in igo6, and he held 
 that office for four years. In the spring of 1911 he was 
 elected to the office which he now holds, that of mayor 
 of Lewistown. In the lodge of the Woodmen of the 
 World he has filled all the chairs and also in the Odd 
 Fellows. He is an active member of the Judith club 
 and is affiliated with the Methodist church, in which 
 Mrs. Marshall is one of the most zealous workers. 
 
 Though a lively conversationalist, and easy of man- 
 ner, Mr. Marshall has the reputation of not caring for 
 society. This, however, only indicates that he is fond 
 of the society of his own family, with whom he spends 
 the most of his evenings. He has been a baseball 
 player of prowess and now is a habitue of the bleachers 
 when the national game is in progress. Being a stock 
 man he naturally likes horse races too. Mr. Marshall 
 is a remarkable example of a man who has, though 
 thrown upon his own resources in childhood, not only 
 succeeded in acquiring a competence, but has also found 
 time to cultivate those tastes which enable one to take 
 the real satisfaction out of the manifold opportunities 
 for higher enjoyments which this life affords. 
 
1264 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 James T. Farris has been identified with the growth 
 and prosperity of certain portions of the state of Mon- 
 tana since 1883, when as a hoy of eighteen he came to 
 Helena with the first car load of hogs ever brought 
 into the state. From caring for the interests of his 
 father in Flelena, Mr. Farris became connected with 
 newspaper work and in that field of endeavor has since 
 then been devoting his energies to the editing and pub- 
 lishing of a succession of newspapers in this section of 
 the state. 
 
 Mr. F'arris was born in iMcDonough county, Illinois, 
 h'ebruary 22, 1865, and is the son of Buford and Mary 
 (Williams) F'arris, the former a native of Kentucky 
 and the latter of Missouri. The father was a Con- 
 federate soldier, and passed his later life as a farmer 
 and stockman, gaining no little prominence in Missouri 
 in that capacity. He died in 1907. The wife and 
 mother, who was a graduate of the Howard Payne Col- 
 lege of Fayette, Missouri, is now living with her son, 
 John C. Farris, a prominent merchant of Wallace, 
 Idaho. Of the three children born to these parents, 
 one is deceased, leaving John and James. 
 
 In the year of his birth, the parents of James T. 
 Farris moved from Illinois to Washington county, 
 Kentucky, where they lived until 1874, after which they 
 removed to Marysville, Nodoway county, Missouri. 
 The son, James, attended the country schools in both 
 places and also the high school of Marysville, from 
 which he was graduated at the age of eighteen years. It 
 was in 1883, soon after he left school, that he made his 
 first trip to Montana in the interests of his father, 
 bringing a car load of live hogs, as previously men- 
 tioned. Fie sold the hogs in Butte at the phenomenal 
 price of 18 cents the pound, live weight. He remained 
 three years in his father's employ, then went to the 
 Bitter Root valley and settled at Stevensville, where 
 he established and edited the JVestern Nezvs. After 
 three years he removed to Hamilton, still in the search 
 for improved health, a condition which had caused his 
 first removal from Helena. For three years he con- 
 tinued in Flamilton where he published a paper and 
 then he sold out his interests and moved to Darby, 
 Montana, in which place he established the Darby 
 Sentinel, a publication which he controlled for four 
 years. He then went to East Helena and founded the 
 East Helena Record, of which he continued the editor 
 and publisher for seven years. The irrigation possibili- 
 ties of the Milk River valley caused him to move to 
 Hinsdale, where he published the Montana Homestead, 
 and he later came to Glasgow, the county seat, where 
 he has since engaged in the publication of the Valley 
 County Independent, a paper which has proved most 
 successful in the past, and which promises much for 
 the future. The Valley County Independent has ever 
 been a paper of the most fearess attitude, and the 
 position of the editor on matters of signal moment to 
 the county and city has won to him the warm praise 
 and support of a large number of the best citizens 
 of the county. 
 
 Air. Farris is a staunch Republican and has ever 
 done good work for the party wherever he has found 
 himself located. In 1909 he was elected commissioner 
 of Valley county, and at present holds the office of 
 United States commissioner. He has presided over 
 four county conventions, and in other ways has given 
 evidence of his enthusiam and energy for the party. 
 He is fraternally associated with the Odd Fellows, 
 the Knights of Pythias and the Modern Woodmen of 
 America. In addition to his property in Glasgow, Mr. 
 Farris is the owner of a considerable city property in 
 Hinsdale and other points in this section of the state. 
 
 In 1891 Air. Farris married Aliss Alice Goff, a 
 daughter of Jacob Goff one of the oldest pioneer 
 settlers of the Bitter Root valley. Air. Goff fought 
 in the Nez Perce Indian war and was at the Battle of 
 
 Big Hole, and in other wa.ys has won distinction in 
 the many years of his residence in the Bitter Root 
 valley. 
 
 Eight children have been born to Air. and Airs. 
 Farris, — Buford J. ; Alildred ; William; Dorothy; 
 Marcus J., a high school graduate ; Marie, Robert 
 and Thomas. All are bright young people, worthy 
 of their parents, and possessing the characteristic's 
 which must inevitably cause them to be heard from 
 in the later history of their native state. 
 
 Air. Farris is a citizen of the type which is par- 
 ticularly valuable in a new country, and in the years 
 of his association with Valley county he has been 
 able to do much through the medium of his news- 
 paper for the growth and advancement of this favored 
 section of the state. 
 
 Frank Nelson was born in the kingdom of Den- 
 mark on April 7, 1862. His father, Christian, Nelson, 
 was a steamship engineer, who “sailed the seas over, 
 froin here to Peru.” However, his son Frank did not 
 acquire his wanderlust from hearing the fascinating- 
 tales of strange men and customs, for the father died 
 in Valparaiso of the yellow fever before his son was 
 born, and the lad grew up under the care of his mother, 
 Anna Peterson Nelson. He was early obliged to shift 
 for himself, and his schooling was obtained in Den- 
 mark, before he reached the age of fourteen. At that 
 age, he came to America to seek the fortune which he 
 has found, or rather created. Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
 was his first abiding place in America, and he remained 
 here for four years. In 1880, he came to Idaho and 
 for three years was a veritable soldier of fortune. He 
 rode the range and worked at anything he could find 
 to do. 
 
 It was in 1883 that Air. Nelson first came to Alis- 
 soula, but he did not succeed in finding employment 
 and so he went to Drummond. Here he obtained work 
 on the John Edwards ranch, and he helped the pro- 
 prietor of that place to build the first house in Drum- 
 mond. F"or a time he drove the stage for Bill Ham- 
 mond from Drummond to Philipsburg. In 1884, Mr. 
 Nelson located a claim on the Big Black Foot in the 
 Potoma valley, and three years later he sold this and 
 bought another ranch in the same region. He has 
 added to this until now it contains 1,420 acres and his 
 cultivation of it, coupled with the settling up of the 
 valley has converted it into a most valuable piece of 
 property. It was about this time that placer min- 
 ing was being carried on so extensively in various sec- 
 tions of Alontana, and in 1885, Mr. Nelson engaged in 
 this at Elk Creek and devoted something like a 3'ear 
 to it. 
 
 For a number of years, Mr. Nelson has conducted 
 an extensive implement and carriage establishment. 
 He also handled wagons and automobiles, and his 
 plant is the largest of the kind in this section of the 
 country. Although this business is a notably suc- 
 cessful one. Air. Nelson does not intend to continue 
 in it, as he wishes to move to his extensive ranch and 
 to devote his entire energies to the management of 
 that. 
 
 Politically, Mr. Nelson is aligned with the Democrats, 
 and he is a person of influence and wide popularity 
 in his party. In 1904, they selected him as their_ candi- 
 date for the legislature, and he is now serving his third 
 year as county commissioner, to which office he was 
 elected in 1908 for a term of six years. As a public 
 officer, his record is one of conscientious and public- 
 spirited devotion to the interests of the community. 
 
 The boy of fourteen who came to this country not 
 even knowing the language has become a wealthy and 
 a respected citizen; a public officer in the country of 
 his adoption. His success is of his own making and 
 one of which he may justly be proud. However, it is 
 not his own achievements which inspire Mr. Nelson to 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1265 
 
 that emotion so much as the fine family which he and 
 his wife have brought up. Frank and Rachel Lish Nelson 
 were married December 27, 1886, and they have a 
 family of five children. These are Franklin A., born 
 February 4, 1888; Jennie Anna, whose birthday was 
 December 6, 1889: Bert M., August 7, i8gi, Theodore 
 W. and Howard E., both born in February, the former 
 in 1902, and the latter eight years later. iMrs. Nelson 
 was born in San Bernardino, California, but her union 
 with Mr. Nelson occurred in Philipsburg, Montana. 
 Mr. Nelson is of the opinion that his wife has been a 
 partner in his success and a^ most valuable one from 
 every standpoint. In this opinion, all who know Mrs. 
 Nelson concur with her husband. He is one of the sub- 
 stantial citizens of the community, an active factor in 
 its prosperity, and in every way representative of the 
 things for which the county is proud to stand. 
 
 Thomas P. Conlon. It is highly to the credit of a 
 man to win universal popular approval and regard from 
 the people around him in early life, and have them 
 express their faith in him and their esteem for him in 
 a concrete form of substantial value, which not only 
 provides for his present needs, but opens the way to 
 higher and better opportunities for advancement in the 
 future. This has been the experience of Thomas P. 
 Conlon of Missoula, who was elected clerk of the cir- 
 cuit court of Missoula county in the fall of 1908, when 
 he was but twenty-five years of age, or scarcely that. 
 
 Mr. Conlon was born at Lolo, Missoula county, Mon- 
 tana, on November 18, 1883, and was reared on his 
 father’s ranch near that village. He is the second of 
 four children, two sons and two daughters, born to his 
 parents, James and Tersa (Garvey) Conlon, natives of 
 Ireland. The father came to the United States with 
 several of his brothers when he was sixteen. He crossed 
 the plains in 1864, and after passing several years in 
 various parts of the farther west, he located in the 
 Bitter Root valley on a large ranch near Lolo in 1870. 
 He lived on this ranch and managed its business until 
 1911, when he retired from active pursuits, and he now 
 spends his winters in California, and all his time in 
 the enjoyment of the rest and recreation he has so 
 faithfully won. He has been very successful in his 
 business, and is one of the most highly esteemed pio- 
 neers in this part of Montana. The mother was brought 
 to this country by her parents in infancy, and met with 
 and was married to Mr. Conlon in Chicago in 1880. 
 
 All of their four children are living. In the order of 
 birth they are Anna, Thomas P., Mary and James. 
 Thomas P. Conlon obtained his academic education in 
 the public school near his home and pursued a course of 
 special training for business at a commercial college in 
 Spokane, Washington. He remained at home and 
 worked on the ranch with his father and brother until 
 he reached the age of twenty-one, then became book- 
 keeper for J. R. Daily, whom he served in that capacity 
 for four years. His conduct in this employment was 
 such as to commend him to the favor of all who wit- 
 nessed his ability and fidelity, and his demeanor as a 
 citizen won him the approval of all the people without 
 regard to class or condition. 
 
 In the fall of 1908, he was elected clerk of the district 
 court for Missoula county, and on January 4, 1909, 
 took charge of the office for a term of four years. His 
 ability, his integrity, his uprightness of life and his high 
 sense of duty in alk places were well known, and the 
 people felt that they could trust him even in an office 
 of such importance and responsibility as the one to 
 which they elected him. His course in the performance 
 of its duties has shown them that they were not mis- 
 taken in their estimate of him, and has fully justified 
 their confidence in him. 
 
 Mr. Conlon is a Democrat in politics and a hard 
 worker for his party whenever it is in the field for a 
 contest. He was elected clerk as the nominee of that 
 
 party, by whose leaders and whose rank and file in 
 the county his work in its behalf is highly appreciated. 
 But loyal as he is to his party, and zealous as he is in 
 its service, he does not allow partisan considerations to 
 influence him in the discharge of his official duties, in 
 which he is governed wholly by legal requirements and 
 what he believes will be best for the interests involved. 
 In fraternal relations he is connected with the Order of 
 Elks and the Knights of Columbus. On September 27, 
 1911, he was united in marriage with Miss Genevieve 
 Reid, a native of Rice Lake, Barron county, Wisconsin. 
 
 John jMorton Vrooman was born in Sylvania, 
 Ohio, on October 15, 1850. His parents were Rehil 
 Bingham Vrooman and Laura Chaplin Vrooman. The 
 former belonged to one of the old Burgher families of 
 New York, though he lived most of his life in Ohio 
 where he W'as a farmer. In 1861 the family moved 
 from Sylvania to Preston, Minnesota, and two years 
 later the father died at Waterloo City, Indiana, at the 
 early age of forty-three. He was buried at Sylvania, 
 so long his home, as well as the place where he was 
 married. Thirty-four years later, his wife was laid 
 beside him after seventy-five years of beneficent en- 
 deavor. There were four children in the Vrooman 
 family and John is the youngest. 
 
 1 The death of his father made it imperative that the 
 1 thirteen-year old boy should not only make his own 
 1 way, but contribute to the support of the family. He 
 lhad attended school in Ohio and also in Preston, but 
 at his father’s death he was obliged to become a wage 
 earner and so to change the fashion of his training. 
 He found congenial employment at the printing trade 
 
 ( in the office of the Preston Republican. Here he 
 worked as an apprentice and received eleven dollars a 
 month, all of which he gave to his mother. When he 
 was seventeen, he went to Chicago and there finished 
 learning his trade. The six years he spent in the Illi- 
 nois metropolis were rich in experience and when he 
 went to Minneapolis he had no difficulty in obtaining 
 employment with the leading printing offices of the 
 city. 
 
 In 1883 Mr. Vrooman and IMr. Charles S. Fell of 
 Alinneapolls came to Montana and in the wilderness 
 that is now Fergus county they found the mining camp 
 of Maiden. Here they established a newspaper which 
 they called the Mineral Argus which flourished for 
 three years with that name and habitat until in tne 
 summer of 1886 the outfit was moved to Lewistown 
 where its _ proprietors established it in new quarters 
 and re-christened it the Fergus County Argus. Some- 
 thing over a quarter of a century has elapsed since 
 that time and the Argus has almost passed recognition 
 as far as equipment is concerned, but it retains the spirit 
 of its owner -which made it a live sheet from its very 
 first, five column quarto issue, printed on a Washing- 
 ton hand press, from a very limited assortment of type, 
 and with a patent inside. The evolution of the Argus 
 deserves a chapter of its own, although as has been 
 intimated, it is difficult to separate the history of the 
 paper from an account of the career of its editor and 
 publisher. Suffice it to say that now the five columns 
 have_ become seven, all of home print. The office is 
 provided with presses, binders and cutters of the most 
 approved modern pattern, and the type faces are being 
 constantly added to, so that the job department can 
 successfully compete with the larger job offices of the 
 state. The plant is unequalled by any similar one* in 
 the state, outside the four principal cities. The ma- 
 chinery is driven by electricity, the Argus being the 
 first concern in the county to use this power, which 
 it installed in 1899. Some idea of the regard in which 
 the paper is held in the county may be gathered from 
 the fact that the subscription list is more than one- 
 seventh of the entire population of Fergus county, and 
 
126G 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 in this high average it sliould be added, less than 
 a score of “deadheads” have a place in the list. That 
 the people believe in the paper is also testified to by the 
 number and character of the advertisements found in 
 its pages. The management is contemplating the in- 
 stallation of linotype machines within a few years. 
 
 The editor of the Argus is a Republican and not a 
 lukewarm one either, but a determined fighter as well 
 as a most adroit one. He wields an immeasurable in- 
 fluence through his journal and this is the manner in 
 which he prefers to take part in politics. He has 
 repeatedly been urged to become a candidate for dif- 
 ferent offices, but he prefers to stick to the business he 
 has chosen and to run his paper instead of running for 
 office. Possibly be would rather make public opinion 
 than to be its representative, but certainly public office 
 has no glamour for this successful editor. Mr. Vroo- 
 man belongs both to the Judith Club and to the Com- 
 mercial Club. He urges tbe ambitious to locate in 
 Montana, and he is himself an argument for the 
 wisdom of such a course. 
 
 Mr. Vrooman celebrated his forty-second birthday 
 most happily by his marriage to Miss Ella M. Smith 
 of Lewistown. Her parents, Elias H. and Elizabeth 
 Jennings Smith are from Schenectady, New York. 
 Mrs. Smith was reared in the Episcopal church and is 
 a devout adherent of that faith, as is also her daughter, 
 Mrs. Vrooman. Mr. Vrooman has never forsaken the 
 denomination in which he was brought up and is still 
 a member of the Methodist communion. There are 
 two sons in the Vrooman household, Randall and 
 John E.. both residing in Lewistown, where they were 
 born. Of Mr. Vrooman’s own family, two other mem- 
 liers are now living. One is a brother who makes his 
 home in Washington, D. C., and the other a married 
 sister, who lives in Preston, ^Minnesota. 
 
 William Wellman. The gentleman whose name 
 heads this paragraph is one of the widely-known citizens 
 Neagher counfy. He has lived in Montana since 
 1883, and is familiar with many states of the west, hav- 
 ing maintained his residence in a number of them. 
 He is now a highly respected factor in the life of White 
 Sulphur Springs, his part in the many-sided life of the 
 community being that of a harness and saddle manu- 
 tana. One day he was surrounded by a band of In- 
 fairs of life, bis capable management of his business 
 interests and his sound judgment, have brought to him 
 prosperity and his life demonstrates what may be ac- 
 complished by any man of energy and ambition who is 
 not afraid to work and has the perseverance to continue 
 his labors in the face of any discouragement which may 
 seem to arise. In all the relations of life he has com- 
 mended the respect and confidence of those with whom 
 he has been brought in contact and a biographical his- 
 tory of this part of Montana would not be complete 
 without a record of the career of this pioneer. 
 
 William Wellman is a native of Quinev, Illinois, his 
 eyes having first opened to the light of (iav on March 
 2 S- 1845. He resided in the locality of his birth until 
 about twenty-three y'ears of age, when he started out 
 to make his fortunes, and went to Iowa, where he re- 
 mained for three years. His next change was to Fre- 
 mont, Nebraska, where, as in the previous place, he 
 rnade his livelihood in the harness business. This 
 time he stayed four years, but again decided to go a 
 step farther west and went on to Denver, Colorado, 
 where he resided for two years ere he went to Albu- 
 querque, New Mexico. After remaining in the latter 
 place about six months he returned to Fremont. Ne- 
 braska, this time remaining about a twelvemonth and 
 it was following that that he first came to Montana. 
 Piozeman was his first tarryim? place in the Treasure 
 State and the year of his arrival was 1883. He has 
 never left its boundaries in the nearlv thirty years which 
 have since elapsed, which is certainly an eloquent com- 
 
 pliment. In course of time Mr. Wellman went to 
 Helena, where he stayed a year, and thence to Miles 
 City; then back to Helena and ensuing upon that to 
 White Sulphur Springs. In .1888 he established his pres- 
 ent business in harness and saddle manufacture in this 
 place and both he and the city have enjoyed good for- 
 tune together. He has constantly widened the scope of 
 his _ operation and his products are widely known for 
 their excellence, his business being one which contrib- 
 utes in no indefinite fashion to the general prosperity. 
 
 Mr. Wellman learned his trade in Quincy, Illinois, 
 and started when a very young man. He served a four 
 years’ apprenticeship, his salary for the first two years 
 being but $25,00 per annum, board, as usual in such 
 rases, being additional. He received his early education 
 in the district schools of Adams county, Illinois, the 
 district school in which he became familiar with the 
 three R’s being located near Quincy. 
 
 In politics the subject is independent, supporting 
 whomever and whatever he believes to be the best man 
 and tbe best measure, irrespective of party affiliation. 
 His favorite diversions are hunting and fishing, and 
 he takes many trips in pursuance of these pleasures. 
 As usual with the man who really knows Montana, he 
 could not be induced to go to any other state. 
 
 Mr. Wellman was married in White Sulphur Springs, 
 in 1897, the young woman to become his wife being 
 Jessie Edwards, who has made his household an attrac- 
 tive place and who, like him, is interested in all that 
 pertains to the welfare of the city in which they have 
 so long resided. 
 
 The subject is of German descent, his father, William 
 Wellman, having been born in Germany. When a young 
 man he concluded very wisely that the land across the 
 Atlantic held out greater promise and opportunity for 
 the ambitious and industrious and accordingly came to 
 the United States to found a home for himself and his 
 children. He soon located in New Orleans and re- 
 mained there until his advent to Quincy, Illinois, where 
 he engaged in farming. His demise occurred at the 
 age of eighty-three years. His wife was also a Ger- 
 man and they were married before leaving the Father- 
 land. The mother likewise lived to ripe old age, being 
 twelve years past the psalmist’s allotment at the time 
 of her death. These good people reared nine sons and 
 daughters, William being the fourth in order of 
 nativity. 
 
 Rudolf von Tobel. For more than a quarter of a 
 century, Mr. Rudolf von Tobel has lived in Lewistown 
 and during that entire time there has been no project 
 for the furtherance of the communal good to which he 
 has not given his support and cooperation. A lawyer 
 of eloquence and shrewdness, he is at the same time a 
 man who has built up his own success by his own might, 
 from the beginning to the present moment. Every- 
 thing he now possesses has been wrested from fortune 
 as the result of his own sturdy efforts, beginning with 
 liis education, and all that he has gained from life has 
 Iieen .given back to the world in abundant measure. 
 
 Rudolf von Tobel is the son of a father of the same 
 name, who was born in Wetzikon, in the canton of 
 Zurich, Switzerland, on March 17, 1822. Twenty-six 
 vekrs later he came to America and settled in New 
 York, where he later married Elizabeth Nisbet, who 
 was born in Homer, New York. Three children were 
 born to them, of whom Rudolf of this review was the 
 eldest. He was born in Auburn, New York, on Febru- 
 ary 13, 1855. When their eldest son was two years of 
 age Mr. and Mrs. von Tobel moved to Buffalo and this 
 was their home for about thirteen years. 
 
 Rudolf Jr., went to school in Buffalo and in his 
 spare time worked in a bakery, contributing his meagre 
 wages to the common family purse. In 1870 the von 
 Tobels went to Stacyville, Iowa, and there settled on a 
 farm where he remained for five years. Here he 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1267 
 
 attended the public schools at intervals which he 
 snatched from the rather exacting duties of farm life. 
 From Iowa he went to Northfield, Minnesota, where 
 he worked his way through Carleton College, and upon 
 hie graduation in i88i went into a law office in North- 
 field, and studied for two years. In 1883, in the month 
 of March, Mr. von Tobel arrived in Helena and there 
 went into the office of the late Senator Carter. While 
 there he was admitted to the bar and at the close of 
 two years came to Lewistown, where his residence has 
 since been maintained. 
 
 Mr. von Tobel has found time in his very busy pro- 
 fessional life to devote a considerable time to public 
 affairs. He is an enthusiastic supporter of the policies 
 of the Republican party, both locally and in national 
 issues. He was a member of the fourth legislature 
 assembly, memorable in the annals of Montana as the 
 legislature which adopted the code, as joint member 
 from Fergus and Valley counties. Mr. von Tobel was 
 a member of the code committee. Another office which 
 he has filled is that of city attorney in the earlier days 
 of Lewistown’s existence. He was one of the men who 
 organized the Judith Club and in 1909 he acted as 
 president of that body, but his professional work has 
 always been paramount to all other interests of what- 
 ever nature. Since coming to Lewistown, Mr. von 
 Tobel has practiced alone, and he has_ been retained 
 in many of the most important cases tried at this bar. 
 
 In September of 1888, Mr. von Tobel was married 
 to Miss Anna Theresa Zilisch, the marriage being- 
 solemnized at Philbrook, Montana. Mrs. von Tobel, 
 who was a school teacher, is the daughter of Carl L. 
 and Henrietta Zilisch, of Burlington, Iowa, both of 
 whom are now deceased. Five children, all born in 
 Lewistown, have come to Mr. and Mrs. von Tobel, and 
 concerning them the following brief mention is here 
 made. Henrietta is now a student at Barnard College, 
 in New York City; Carl, the only son, is a student at 
 Harvard and will take his degree from that institution; 
 Elizabeth is now in school at Providence, Rhode Island, 
 in preparation for college ; Anna is in high school in 
 Lewistown, and Catherine, the youngest of the five, is 
 in the public schools of the city. Both parents of Mr. 
 von Tobel are deceased, their death having taken place 
 in South Dakota, where they are buried side by side. 
 
 Mr. von Tobel is an enthusiast on outdoor life and 
 is the owner of a delightful summer camp in the moun- 
 tains, where he and his family spend a large part of the 
 warm summer weather. Mr. von Tobel finds much 
 pleasure in his fishing excursions in the mountains, 
 that being one of his chief diversions. He is the 
 possessor of one of the largest and choicest private 
 libraries in this section of the state, and he finds in his 
 books the most intimate and satisfying companionships. 
 He stands for all those qualities which make his pro- 
 fession the great power of the age. 
 
 Dr. Isaiah M. Beatty is a well-known practitioner 
 of osteopathy, and together with his son, known as the 
 young doctor, Albert, has done much in the way of 
 compelling recognition for their system, as the very ex- 
 tensive practice of which Dr. Beatty is the head bears 
 testimony. The senior doctor is the son of John M. 
 and Anna M. (Marshall) Beatty, both natives of the 
 state of Pennsylvania, born of Scotch-Irish parents 
 where they were reared and married, but who passed 
 much of their lives in Illinois ; both are now resting in 
 a cemetery near Erie, Whiteside county, Illinois. 
 
 Dr. Isaiah M. Beatty was born in Dawson, Fayette 
 county, Pennsylvania, in March, 1854, and was three 
 years of age when his parents removed from the old 
 Keystone state to Rock Island county, Illinois, where 
 the subject lived until he had passed his twenty-eighth 
 birthday. He was educated there and for many years 
 aided his father with a will in the cultivation of the old 
 homestead upon which he was raised. He was but 
 
 Vol. 11—27 
 
 twenty-two years of age when he married Lucy J. 
 Schryver, of Erie, Illinois, and the birth of their first 
 son, Dr. Albert H. Beatty, inspired the young father 
 with a desire for broader fields of activity and useful- 
 ness. It was in 1883 that Doctor Beatty and his young 
 wife and child set out for Montana. He stopped in 
 Boulder City for a few months, but in July pushed on 
 to the Judith Basin in Fergus county, arriving there 
 August nth, where he has since remained. Here he 
 engaged in dairying, but owing to the low price of 
 dairy products decided it would not yield him an income 
 sufficient to the needs of his family, so in March, 1885, 
 moved to Maiden, where he was employed in the mines 
 and mill. In April, 1887, the mines closed down. He 
 opened a barber shop, and later moved to Gilt Edge, 
 there operating a similar establishment and stock rais- 
 ing in conjunction. At times he fell ill, from 1893 to 
 1898, and after a thorough experience with well-known 
 and usually successful physicians in Montana, Illinois, 
 Iowa, and in fact every prominent center in the United 
 States in search of a relief for headache, stomach trou- 
 ble, and nervous exhaustion, etc., he realized that the 
 old recognized systems of materia medica were all guess 
 work, and were failing to reach a large class of the ills 
 of the flesh to which man is heir. As the result of 
 continued study of the question in combination with 
 his practical experience, he finally decided, in March, 
 1898, upon osteopathy as the solution to his problem, 
 and went to Helena, where he took treatment from 
 Drs. A. D. and C. W. Mahaffay, osteopathic physicians, 
 where he received great benefit. After investigating 
 osteopathy very carefully for two years he decided to 
 move his family to Kirksville, the fountain head of 
 osteopathy, where in February, 1901, he and his son 
 entered the school, and two years later they graduated 
 from that institution, whereupon they returned to Lew- 
 istown, and opened up the practice which has with the 
 passing years assumed such splendid proportions. The 
 young doctor now has a wife and family of his own, 
 and has taken up his permanent residence in Lewistown. 
 
 Doctor and Mrs. Beatty were the parents of' five 
 children : Doctor Albert, the eldest son, who is men- 
 tioned above ; Mable, born on Cottonwood creek, in 
 Fergus county, died at the age of six years; John M. 
 is a wholesale cigar manufacturer at Stanford, Mon- 
 tana; Charles H. and Juanita, are stilt in the parental 
 home and are the youngest of the five. On August 24, 
 1906, the wife and mother died, since when the doctor 
 married Lena W. Tuttle, the wife of Alex Tuttle, 
 of the firm of Tuttle Brothers of Stanford, Montana, 
 their marriage occurring on January 16, 1910, at Butte, 
 Montana. 
 
 The Beatty family affiliate with the Presbyterian 
 church, although the doctor is not a communicant ; 
 he is a member of the Odd Fellows and Sisters of 
 Rebekah Lodge, and in a political way is a Democrat, 
 although he gives but little time to those matters. Work 
 with his bees and fancy poultry constitutes his chief 
 pastime. 
 
 He is the owner of a fine ranch, and he has come to 
 be local authority on bee culture, devoting much time 
 to their care. 
 
 The doctor has lived in a number of states, and 
 traveled in many, but none of them, in his opinion, 
 can compare with Montana, the chosen state of his 
 adoption. 
 
 John B. Herford. The citizens of any wide-awake 
 community are usually not slow to recognize the 
 worth and ability of a man, especially if his activities 
 are devoted to the profession of law, and are ordina- 
 rily quick to demonstrate their appreciation of his 
 capacity by electing him to positions of trust and 
 honor. Such has been the experience of John B. Her- 
 ford, a well known attorney of Billings, who has in 
 various public positions showed a conscientious re- 
 
1268 
 
 HISTORY OF ^lONTANA 
 
 gard for the duties of his incumbencies that won the 
 respect and esteem of his fellow men. 
 
 John B Blerford was born in England and came 
 to the United States in 1875. In 1876 he went to 
 New Mexico, where he handled stock for some time, 
 and subsequently worked on the cattle ranges as a 
 cow hand, in Nebraska, South Dakota, Utah and 
 Wyoming. In 1883 he located in Montana as super- 
 intendent for the New York Cattle Company, on the 
 Musselshell, and while thus employed began to read 
 law Mr. Herford was admitted to the bar m 1091, 
 and’ in 1892 was elected county attorney of Yellow- 
 stone county, subsequently serving three terms as city 
 attorney of Billings. In 1902 he was appointed sheriff 
 of Yellowstone county to complete the unexpired term 
 of James Webb, who was murdered. When the Span- 
 ish-Americail war broke out Mr. Herford enlisted ni 
 Troop M of the Third United States Volunteer Cp- 
 alry, with which he was connected until the cessation 
 
 of hostilities. . , , 
 
 Nerford is a Democrat in politics, but^he^ has 
 numerous friends in the ranks of both organizations. 
 He is a man of broad outlook on life and is thoroughly 
 versed not only in his profession, but also upon mat- 
 ters of general interest, and he has done niuch tor 
 Billino-s and Yellowstone county as an official. 
 
 In 1886 Mr. Herford was united in marriage with 
 Miss Susan Whitney, daughter of Col. L. Wffitney, 
 and three children have been born to them: Helen, 
 Whitney and Brooke. 
 
 David R Peeler, the president of the Bank of Com- 
 merce of kalispell, Montana, has proved to the satis- 
 faction of the patrons of the bank and the general pub- 
 lic as well that he is a man of splendid financial ability. 
 He has lived in Montana for a number of_ years and 
 during this time been connected with various enter- 
 prises, in Ccich of which he held a. position of trust. 
 He is’ a man who never sees an obstacle to any move 
 that he wishes to make, because before the obstacle 
 has had time to worry him, he has planned a way out 
 of the difficulty. With an unusual amount of executive 
 ability, he has carried out schemes that the average 
 man would not even attempt. The bank of which he 
 is now the chief executive is a new institution, and the 
 skill with which Air. Peeler has launched this new 
 craft on the treacherous seas of finance, has won for 
 him the plaudits, not only of his brother financiers, but 
 also from the critical lips of business men, who always 
 watch the career of a new bank with distrust. 
 
 David R. Peeler was born in Howard county, Mis- 
 souri, on the 15th of June, 1853- H's father was Alfred 
 Peeler, who was likewise born in the state of Alissouri. 
 The grandparents of David Peeler were early settlers 
 of Howard county, Missouri, having located there in 
 1817. Alfred Peeler was a prosperous farmer,_ and with 
 the exception of the years which he gave to his country 
 as a soldier during the Civil war, he spent all of his 
 life in agricultural pursuits. He died in 1867 at the age 
 of forty-five. He was married in Howard county, 
 to Sally Williams, who was born in Kentucky, 
 on the 24th of Alarch, 1827. She is yet living, aged 
 eighty-five, and to her union with Air. Peeler seven 
 children were born, David being the next to the eldest. 
 
 David Peeler was educated in the county schools of 
 Howard county, Missouri, and in the State Norrnal 
 School. At the age of twenty, he left school and during 
 the following year, 1874, removed to California, and 
 during his early residence in this state, attended the 
 Heals Business College of San Francisco, from which 
 he was graduated. He settled in Bridgeport in south- 
 eastern California and there took up clerical work in 
 the mercantile business. He was thus engaged for a 
 period of nine years, and finally believing that he could 
 better himself by a move, came to Montana. This was 
 in 1883 and he soon obtained a position as superin- 
 
 tendent of the Drum Lumon mills at Marysville. He 
 proved an able man for this difficult and responsible 
 position, and remained in this connection for twelve 
 years, being also personally interested in the mines 
 and mills of this section. In 1896, in the summer he 
 came to Kalispell, and became identified with the First 
 National Bank of this city. Fie had been successful 
 before but he now held a position in which his particu- 
 lar gift was brought into full play. He was the or- 
 ganizer of this bank, which was established in 1891, and 
 was elected president. The prosperity of the bank in- 
 creased from year to year during the twelve years that 
 Mr. Peeler was its chief executive, and it was with 
 much trepidation that the directors accepted his resig- 
 nation, for he was apparenth- an indispensable official. 
 He was already planning his next endeavor, which came 
 to fruition in 1910 with the opening of the Bank of 
 Commerce of Kalispell. This institution was the prod- 
 uct of his brain, and he was the first president, having 
 held the office from the 30th of June, 1910, the formal 
 date of opening, up till the present day. In addition 
 to his banking business, Mr. Peeler is a director and 
 is deeply interested in the Lincoln Logging and Lum- 
 ber Company, a thriving corporation of Fortune, Mon- 
 tana. 
 
 The other officers of the Bank of Commerce beside 
 Air. Peeler are C. B. Roberts, vice-president and R. P. 
 Austin, cashier. On the 20th of February, 1912, when 
 the bank had been in existence only a little over a year 
 and a half, the capital stock amounted to $100,000, the 
 deposits to nearly $250,000, and the total resources to 
 over $350,000. 
 
 Mr. Peeler has taken considerable interest in politics 
 being a devoted adherent of the Democratic party. As 
 president of the board of education for Flathead county, 
 he has accomplished much for the younger generation 
 of this county, and has devoted both his time and his 
 brains to seeing that the funds of the county be handled 
 in the most economical and advantageous way. Recently 
 in the election of April, 1912, the citizens of Kalispell 
 have set their seal of approval upon him by electing him 
 mayor of the city, for a term of two years. The honor 
 of being appointed state commissioner for three exposi- 
 tions. the Pan-American, the Louisiana Purchase, and 
 the Portland, also fell to Mr. Peeler. In addition to 
 his important interests in Kalispell, he also has large 
 lumber interests in Lincoln county,, and owns consider- 
 able real estate. 
 
 Air. Peeler was married at Salt Lake City, Utah, on 
 the 24th of October, 1888, to Miss Alary J. Winston, 
 the daughter of P. J. and Mary Winston. Airs Peeler 
 is a native of Nebraska, and she and her husband are 
 the parents of four children. The eldest of these, 
 Sadie, is the wife of R. J. Bland, and lives in Kalispell, 
 having been born in Marysville, Montana, in July, 1889. 
 Lillian J. Peeler, who was born in Alarysville, in 1891 
 is now in the bank, assisting her father. Alfred W., 
 who is now a bookkeeper in the Bank of Commerce, 
 was born in Marysville, on the 15th of June, 1894. 
 The youngest, David R. Peeler, Jr., was born in Kalis- 
 pell. on the iith of April. 1904. 
 
 Air. Peeler has earned his living since he was four- 
 teen years old, and his life has been a steady advance 
 from the beginning. Perhaps one of the most striking 
 things about his career is the lack of envy that is felt 
 towards him, sure proof that his money has been gained 
 by honest methods and that he has deliberately trampled 
 on no one in order to attain success. 
 
 James O. P.\tterson. One of Fort Benton’s wealthy 
 ranch owmers and notable public men, whose landed 
 property consists of six thousand acres, is James O. 
 Patterson, who came to Montana in 1883. The place 
 of his nativity and youthful development was Alary- 
 land, where he was born in Harford county in 1865. 
 His father was of a Scotch-Irish family who settled 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1269 
 
 in Baltimore m the Revolutionary period and his 
 mother of a French line, bearing the name of De La- 
 Roche. Mr. Patterson’s maternal grandfather, George 
 Frank Frederick De LaRoche, was an aide of 
 Marquis DeLafayette when that French noble came to 
 this country to give his military assistance to the cause 
 of American independence. Mr. Patterson has in his 
 possession a walking stick which was at one time pre- 
 sented to De LaRoche by General Lafayette. The 
 mother of iMr. Patterson, Jane Belt (De LaRoche) 
 Patterson, was born in Washington, in the District 
 of Columbia. She was educated in the schools of Balti- 
 more, Maryland, and South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 
 and was graduated from the schools of the latter named 
 place, after which she went abroad and studied art in 
 Paris. In Mr. Patterson's home today are to be seen 
 many of her paintings, and it is noteworthy that Mrs. 
 Patterson was the recipient of several medals in rec- 
 ognition of her ability and accomplishments. She was 
 a member of the Charcoal Club of Philadelphia, and 
 was always an active and earnest church worker and 
 member, for years a member of the Altar Guild. 
 James O. Patterson, the father of the subject, who 
 bears the same given nam.es, was a native of Baltimore. 
 Both have died since their coming to Fort Benton in 
 1883. Eight children were born to them, one of whom 
 died in infancy, and James O. Patterson was the sixth 
 of that number. 
 
 The general education of Mr. Patterson which he 
 received in the Baltimore public schools was supple- 
 mented by a course in Knapp’s Institute. At the age 
 of eighteen he began life by coming west and enter- 
 ing upon the arduous occupation which his father’s 
 ranch afforded. After three years 01 work, in which 
 he acquired a generous fund of experience and infor- 
 mation on the subject of ranching, he establis’ned him- 
 self independently by going into the sheep raising 
 business for himself. The ranch where this enterprise 
 was carried on was located at Lost Lake and at the 
 time he formed a partnership with T. C. Power & 
 Brother, of Fort Benton. They continued in association 
 for eleven years. In 1897 Mr. Patterson purchased the 
 Powers interests and has ever since continued as chief 
 executive. In 1906 the business was incorporated as the 
 Lost Lake Live Stock Company. With James O. Pat- 
 terson as its president and manager; Fred Thies, a 
 nephew, as secretary and treasurer; and J. H. Patter- 
 son, another nephew, as vice-president, the company is 
 flourishing as one of the leading cattle companies of 
 Montana. It was incorporated for $ioo,ooo_. Mr. Pat- 
 terson is also interested as a stockholder in the^ Fort 
 Benton Opera House, and is interested financially in the 
 Montana Life Insurance Company, which has its head- 
 quarters at Helena. His ranching business still con- 
 tinued to claim a goodly portion of his time and atten- 
 tion and his herd is of choice Hereford stock, noted 
 throughout the country. His cattle command the high- 
 est figure at all times, many shipments going direct to 
 Chicago for export. Mr. Patterson recently sold a 
 right-of-way through one of his ranches to the Chicago, 
 Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, who will soon run their 
 line through and it is expected that a town will be 
 reared on his property. 
 
 On February 16. 1898, Mr. Patterson and Carrie 
 Hiirst, a native of West Virginia and a daughter of 
 John W. Hurst, were united in marriage. Five chil- 
 dren were born to them, as follows 1 Shirley H., born 
 January 28, 1899, and died on April 26, 1909 '■ Katherine 
 D.. born August 7, 1900, and died June 21, igio; Eugene 
 Carrie, born December 24, 1902, now attending the 
 grammar school of Fort Benton; James O., Jr., born 
 January 20, 1905, also in school; and Jane C., who was 
 born on April 12, 1908, and died on April ii, 1909. The 
 mother passed away on February ii, 1910, and is buried 
 ill Riverside cemetery, in Fort Benton, where also are 
 
 buried her children and Mr. Patterson's parents and 
 brother John. 
 
 James Patterson is a valued member and supporter 
 of the Episcopal church, of which he is a member of the 
 board of trustees. Politically he is independent, but 
 has a deep interest in public affairs of a practical 
 nature and has served his municipality as an alderman. 
 He is, however, a home man, caring but little for out- 
 side diversions. He is one of F'ort Benton’s most 
 highly esteemed citizens and ranks high among the 
 successful and respected ranch owners of Montana. 
 
 Albert J. Ingr.vh.vm, after an e.xperience of about 
 ten years in the West devoted to various lines of work, 
 principally mining, gave up the life to devote himself 
 to farming in the Flathead valley. That his efforts 
 were crowned with a pleasing measure of success can 
 not be doubted, judging from the appearance of his 
 farm, located eight miles from Kalispell, in one of the 
 most fertile spots in the valley. He has found his 
 farm amply sufficient to occupy the best part of his 
 time and attention, and lives in the prosperous content 
 of the successful husbandman. 
 
 Mr. Ingraham was born in Will county, Illinois, on 
 April 10, i860, the son of Nathan and Ruth (Good- 
 man) Ingraham. The father was a native Ohioan 
 who migrated to Illinois in 1846, and shared in the 
 pioneer development of that great state. He was a 
 civil engineer by profession, and was for years occu- 
 pied as assistant chief engineer on the canal from 
 Chicago on the Illinois river. He was a Civil war 
 veteran and served in the Nineteenth Illinois Regi- 
 ment attached to the staff of General Thomas in the 
 engineering department. He died at his home in Will 
 county, Illinois, at the age of eighty-seven years. The 
 wife and mother, who was also a native of Ohio, died 
 in Illinois. They were the parents of three children, 
 Albert J. being the youngest of the family. 
 
 Up to the age of thirteen Albert J. Ingraham at- 
 tended the country schools in Will county, but when 
 he reached that age left home and from then until he 
 was fifteen was a student in the schools of Cherokee 
 county. In 1875 he removed from Kansas to Colorado, 
 and his first occupation there was driving a mule 
 team. He later worked in the mines, doing such work 
 as a boy of his age might find, and thus continued for 
 a number of years at one occupation and another. In 
 1883 he settled at Miles City, Montana, but remained 
 there only a short time, removing to northern Idaho, 
 where he engaged in placer mining on his own re- 
 sponsibility. It was in the spring of 1884 that he 
 determined to give his attention to agriculture. He 
 accordingly took steps toward the securing of a home- 
 stead in the Flathead valley, and located on a tract of 
 land eight miles from Kalispell, where he has developed 
 one of the fine agricultural properties of the valley. 
 
 Mr. Ingraham is a veteran of the Spanish-American 
 war, having served in Company H, of the First Mon- 
 tana Regiment in the Philippines. He was a sergeant 
 and participated in twenty-three engagements. Fie was 
 honorably discharged from the service on October 4, 
 1889. Ingraham has taken a prominent part in 
 
 the public life of his county for years, and in Novem- 
 ber, 1910, was elected to the office of sheriff, which he 
 still holds. He is a Democrat and has always taken 
 active participation in the affairs of the party in 
 county, state and national politics, being a man of con- 
 siderable weight and influence in the public life of his 
 district. At present, Mr. Ingraham is president of 
 the board of managers of the Soldiers’ Home, and has 
 been a member of the board for eleven years. He 
 has also filled the office of school trustee for about 
 four years. Fraternally, Mr. Ingraham is a member 
 of the Odd Fellows, the Elks and the Modern Wood- 
 men of America, and has passed through all chairs in. 
 
1270 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 tlie Odd Fellows. He is a member of the Kalispell 
 Clul), also. 
 
 Mr. Ingraham was married in Kalispell on March 
 30, 1889, to Miss Carrie Ditty, the daughter of Wil- 
 liam Ditty. They have one "child, — Philip Ingraham, 
 born May 30, tSgo. The home of the family is main- 
 tained at Kalispell. 
 
 John R. B.\kT.\ and William F. Barta. Especially 
 worthy of note among the enterprising and popular 
 residents of Butte are the Barta Brothers, leading repre- 
 sentatives of the younger members of the legal pro- 
 fession of the city, who are now in the full vigor of 
 manhood's prime, and may well look forward to a long 
 future career of usefulness, both in the sphere of pro- 
 fessional activity and in the public and social affairs of 
 life. John R. Barta is a native-born citizen, his birth 
 having occurred in Butte, May 27, 1883, while William 
 Barta was born July 31, 1885, in Kansas. 
 
 Their father, John A. Barta, was born and reared 
 in Bohemia, his birth occurring April 20, 1846. The 
 only member of his family to leave the Fatherland, he 
 immigrated to America in 1866, a stalwart youth of 
 twenty years, locating first in Iowa. In 1869, he 
 journeyed to the wilds of Montana, a territory rich in 
 mineral fields awaiting development, becoming a pio- 
 neer settler of this part of the Union. He was here 
 for many years variously employed, keeping a hotel, 
 jjrospecting or mining, in either line of industry keep- 
 ing in close touch with the more prominent men of the 
 state, with many of whom he had an intimate acquaint- 
 ance. He was for a number of years identified with 
 the mining operations of Montana, and instituted one of 
 the first mining suits brought into the courts. He moved 
 from Helena to California, locating at Los Angeles, 
 where his death occurred June i, 1911. He married 
 Nettie Nagues, who survived him, and is now living 
 in Helena, Montana. Fler great-grandfather on her 
 mother’s side, John Rule, emigrated from England to 
 Wisconsin, and in the development of the mining in- 
 terests of that state took a prominent part, being one 
 of the leaders in that line of industry. Several of her 
 uncles served as soldiers during the Civil war, and 
 one of them being captured by the enemy on the battle- 
 field was for a time confined in Libby prison. Four 
 children were born of the union of John A. and Nettie 
 Barta, namely: John R. and William, the subjects of 
 this sketch ; Clyde B., deceased, who was born in Ana- 
 conda, Montana: and Benjamin, deceased, whose birth 
 occurred in Boulder, Montana. 
 
 Thus far the lives of John R. Barta and William F. 
 Barta have been very similar in many respects. Both 
 obtained their elementary education in the schools of 
 Butte, and both were graduated from the Helena, Mon- 
 tana, high school, John R. receiving his diploma in 
 1900, and William the following year. Roth attended 
 the University of Michigan one year, and afterwards 
 spent three years at the Detroit College of Law, in 
 IK'troit, Michigan. Returning then to Montana, the 
 Barta Brothers opened a law office in Butte, and in 
 the practice of their profession have met with well 
 merited success, their patronage being extensive and 
 lucrative. They were for a time unfortunate in busi- 
 ness, losing heavily through speculations on the coast, 
 but since returning to Butte have been exceedingly 
 prosperous in their law business and transactions. 
 
 In their political affiliations the Barta Brothers are 
 both stanch Republicans, active in party affairs, and 
 as forceful and effective speakers are very influential 
 in campaign work, stumping the state in favor of the 
 party’s candidate. In 1909 Mr. John R. Barta was 
 assistant county attorney, and candidate for district 
 judge on the Progressive ticket in 1912, and in 1908 was 
 a candidate on the Republican ticket for county attorney 
 of Broadwater county, and in Silver Bow county in 
 1912, but was defeated at the polls. 
 
 John R. Barta married Mav 25, 1907, in Seattle, 
 Washington, Margaret Schindler, a daughter of John 
 Schindler, who was born in New York City, and during 
 his earlier life was there engaged in business as a hat 
 manufacturer. Mrs. Barta was born in New York City, 
 September- 28, 1885, and was there educated. Mr! 
 William F. Barta has not yet become a benedict. 
 
 Judge Geo. M. Bourquin, United States district 
 judge for Montana, appointed thereto by President Taft, 
 executed the oath and assumed the duties of the office 
 on the 9th day of March, 1912. Judge Bourquin was 
 born on the 24th day of June, 1863, on the banks of 
 the Allegheny river, near Tidionte, Warren county, 
 Pennsylvania. _ He is of French ancestry, his father! 
 Justin Bourquin, having been born in Switzerland, and 
 his mother, Celestine Bourquin, nee Ducray, born in 
 France. In their youth they came to America, met and 
 married in the United States and became the parents 
 of ten_ children of whom George was the ninth. 
 
 Justin Bourquin was by vocation a blacksmith and 
 farmer. As a boy Judge Bourquin attended the country 
 schools of Warren and Crawford counties in Pennsyl- 
 vania ; at the age of seventeen he taught therein, and 
 at eighteen, in 1881, he went to Aspen, Colorado, where 
 several of his brothers had already located. In that 
 vicinity and at Leadville he was alternately engaged 
 as cowboy, miner and smelterman, until in June, 1884, 
 he came to Butte, Montana. He first worked in the 
 silver mills at Walkerville, a suburb of Butte, then 
 was employed as a hoisting engineer at various Butte 
 mines. Republican in politics, in 1888 he was the can- 
 didate of his party for the office of county clerk and 
 recorder of Silver Bow county, but was defeated, — 
 his first essa}^ in politics. Active in the state campaign 
 of that and the next year, in June, 1890, he was ap- 
 pointed by President Harrison receiver of public money 
 in the United States land office at Helena, Montana. 
 This office he held four years. 
 
 Flaving commenced the study of law in 1889, in 1894 
 he was admitted to the bar of Montana, first practic- 
 ing in Helena, and then, after 1899, in Butte. In 1904 
 he was elected judge of the district court of the state 
 for Silver Bow county and served therein four years, 
 then resumed law practice in Butte, in which he con- 
 tinued until his appointment to the Federal bench, as 
 before stated. 
 
 In 1891 Judge Bourquin was married to Miss Mary 
 M. Ratigan, of Butte. Montana, and three sons have 
 been born to them : George R., Marion M. and Justin 
 J., all of whom are living. They reside in Butte, which 
 city represents the official residence of the Judge. Of 
 fraternal orders the Judge is a member of the Knights 
 of Pythias and of the Woodmen of the World. 
 
 John F. Dersham. One of the modern ranches of 
 eastern Montana, which shows the adaptability of the 
 section for the raising of cattle and sheep, is the Brock- 
 ett creek ranch, situated twenty-two miles north of 
 Terrv, in Dawson county, the qwner of which, John F. 
 Dersham, is recognized as one of the progressive and 
 enterprising stock-raisers and sheepmen of that part 
 of the state. Like many of the successful men of the 
 Treasure state, Mr. Dersham is a native of Iowa, hav- 
 ing been born in Hardin county, September 5, 1859, a 
 son of Henry and Barbara (Rickel) Dersham, natives 
 of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The second in order of birth of a family of seven 
 children. John F. Dershan grew to manhood on his 
 father’s farm, and received his education in the com- 
 mon schools of his native vicinity. He was twenty- 
 five years of age when he migrated to Montana, and 
 for the next seven years was employed in bridge con- 
 struction work and as brakesman in the passenger ser- 
 vice of the Northern Pacific Railroad, then joining 
 the United States Government surveyors in the south- 
 
K riv:^ 
 
 
 
 
 l/-‘l 
 
 .' ' ;' V' : *■ v:- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANx\ 
 
 1271 
 
 ern part of Montana and northern Wyoming. In the 
 fall of 1886 he located on Seven Mile creek, in Daw- 
 son county, being for three years engaged in ranching 
 there, and then went to Cedar creek and continued to 
 follow the same vocation. Air. Dersham came to his 
 present property, Brockett creek ranch, twenty-two 
 miles north of lerry, Montana, homesteading 160 acres 
 and leasing a large additional tract, and he now has 
 large numbers of cattle, horses and sheep, and in 1912 
 had over 6,000 of the latter. His ventures have been 
 uniforndy successful, industry, perseverance and in- 
 tegrity in business matters having gained a just re- 
 ward, and h;s standing among his business associates 
 and the public at large is high. 
 
 Mr. Dersham was married at Glendive, Alontana, June 
 17, 1886, to Marian Treat, daughter of Robert AI. and 
 Susan (Pritchard) Treat, the former a native of Con- 
 necticut and the latter of Alichigan. Air. 1 reat came 
 to Iowa from the east at an early day, and there en- 
 listed in the Second Iowa Calvary during the Civil 
 war, serving gallantly and receiving his honorable dis- 
 charge when hostilities had ended. Following his mili- 
 tary service, he returned to Iowa, where he followed 
 farming until 1883, and in that year came with his fam- 
 ily to iVIontana and settled at Allard, where his death 
 occurred in 1886. In 1891 his widow married C. A. 
 Haight and both reside at Terry. 
 
 Air. and Mrs. R. M. Treat had a family of five chil- 
 dren: Fred W., who died in August, 1904; Airs. Der- 
 
 sham; Elmer E., a carpenter of Terry; Robert S.; and 
 Philip P., who has a ranch and lives in Tallock creek. 
 Rose Bud county. Air. and Mrs. Dersham have had 
 two children: Harold, who is engaged in business 
 
 with his father ; and Kathleen, who married N. A. 
 Cole. 
 
 In his political belief Air. Dersham is a Republican, 
 although he has never sought public preferment, his 
 time and attention having always been demanded by 
 his private interests. He has at all times been ready, 
 however, to support any movement which has promised 
 to benefit his community or its people, and is known 
 as a friend of morality, education and good citizenship. 
 His wife is a member of the Christian church and his 
 daughter (Mrs. Cole) of the Alethodist church. Airs. 
 Dersham also belongs to Yellowstone chapter. Order 
 of the Eastern Star, at Glendive. 
 
 George Osborne Freeman. George Osborne Free- 
 man, receiver of the United States Land Office in 
 Helena, son of George W. Freeman, was born, Febru- 
 ary 10, 1866, at Battle Creek, Alichigan, of honored 
 ancestry, his lineage being traced in a direct line back 
 to some of the most celebrated of the original colonists 
 of New England. Genealogical records extant show 
 that he is a lineal descendant of Captain Aliles Stand- 
 ish, whose story is told in verse by another of his de- 
 scendants, Henry Wadsw'orth Longfellow. The im- 
 migrant ancestor of the Freeman family w'as on En- 
 glish knight, who came to America in the very early 
 part of the seventeenth century, and subsequently 
 served as assistant governor of the colonies. He had 
 many illustrious descendants, the family being now 
 represented in almost every state of the Union. 
 
 George W. Freeman was born and reared in Alichi- 
 gan. ^oon after the outbreak of the Civil w'ar he en- 
 fisted as a soldier, and served for four and one-half 
 years, being under command of Generals Berry and 
 Howard and accompanying Sherman on his march to 
 the sea. When General Berry w'as killed by a shot 
 fired from ambush, George W. Freeman was detailed 
 to convey his body back to New' York for burial, and 
 while in that city he met and married Aliss Silence 
 Isabel Campbell, and with his bride returned to his regi- 
 ment, where they spent their honeymoon in camp. She 
 soon returned to her home in Baldw'insville, New \ork, 
 while he accompanied his command toward the front. 
 
 While on a foraging expedition with some of his com- 
 panions, Air. Freeman secured as his share of the booty 
 an old gray horse, which afterwards figured prominently 
 m army affairs, for, the Federals being surrounded by 
 the enemy. Air. Freeman was sent for reinforcements. 
 Alounting the old gray horse and pursued by the enemy, 
 he rode a distance of fourteen miles in thirty-five min- 
 utes, secured the desired help, and returned to the regi- 
 ment, his speedy ride having saved the day for the 
 Federals. At the close of the w'ar the horse w'as taken 
 to New York by the regimental surgeon (Dr. Hough- 
 ton), pensioned, and subsequently lived to the age of 
 twenty-nine t'ears. 
 
 At the close of the conflict. Air. Freeman, in associa- 
 
 I tion with Alajor Osborne, for whom the subject of this 
 sketch was named, secured a position wdth the Freed- 
 man's Bureau and was sent to Jacksonville, Florida. 
 Taking up a homestead claim on the Indian river, he 
 started an orange grove, hoping thereby to sometime 
 amass a fortune. About three years later, becoming 
 very active in politics and supporting the Republican 
 principles, he became one of a party to protect the 
 ; negro vote during the election in which Alajor Os- 
 R)orne w'as a candidate for United States senator. His 
 campaign w'ork, called down upon him the wrath of 
 the members of the opposing element, and Air. Free- 
 man shortly received a visit from the Kuklux Klan, 
 wdro gave himself and family exactly two w'eeks to 
 leave the state. Owing to the entreaties of his wife 
 . and children, he reluctantly returned to Alichigan, 
 leaving his home, plantation and orange grove behind. 
 
 Arriving in Alichigan, Air. Freeman secured a good 
 position as a commercial traveler, and on leaving for 
 one of his business trips assured his wife that he should 
 surely be at home to spend his birthday, on the fifth 
 of Alarch, 1874, and that w'as the last that was ever 
 heard from him. He was a Knight Templar, and the 
 Alasonic Order as well as his family, sought for him 
 in vain, no trace of him ever being found. Airs. Free- 
 man, who subsequently passed away at the home of her 
 son George, in Helena, Aloritana, was left with four 
 children to care for, as follows: Eloise, decea.sed; 
 
 Fred W. : Harry C. : and George Osborne. 
 
 Left fatherless at the age of eight years, George Os- 
 borne Freeman received no educational advantages. Un- 
 til eleven years old he was the main support of the 
 family by selling papers, blacking boots, and running 
 errands, his mother in the meantime devoting her lime 
 to learning the printer trade after which she continued 
 to such support. His first position of importance was 
 as messenger in the treasury department of the state 
 of Alichigan, at Lansing, with which he was connected 
 for six years, serving under treasurers \A'm. B. AIc- 
 Cready, B. D. Pritchard, and E. H. Butler. He was 
 promoted during the time, being advanced to the point 
 where he practically drew lots with Charles A. Towne, 
 who later represented Alinnesota in the Lhiited States 
 senate, for the position of chief clerk of the treasury. 
 Air. Towne being of age, and already useful in politi- 
 cal ranks, and Air. Freeman being a youth of seventeen 
 years, with no political influence. Air. Towne drew the 
 coveted prize. 
 
 Air. George Osborne Freeman, however, was offered 
 a position with Air. Butler, who was the principal owner 
 and officer of the Alechanics National Bank of Detroit, 
 but being imbued with the western spirit prompted by 
 the mineral discoveries in the Coeur d'Alene country, 
 he started west on a second-class ticket, intending to 
 go to Spokane, Washington. Aleeting, in Chicago, Hon. 
 John S. Tooker, secretary of the territory for Alontana, 
 whose acquaintance he had previously enjoyed in Lan- 
 sing, where Air. Tooker was then mayor, he was per- 
 suaded b}' him to locate in Alontana, and on Alay 5, 
 1884, took up his residence in Helena. 
 
 Air. Freeman's first employment in the city was as 
 clerk in the Alerchants Hotel, where he remained a 
 
1272 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 month. The ensuing- six months he was bookkeeper 
 for the Kleinschmidt Brothers, and was afterwards for 
 six years a clerk in the law office of Carter & Clay- 
 burg. Going then to Washington, District of Columbia, 
 Mr. Freeman served for a year as private secretary to 
 Mr. Thomas BI. Carter, Commissioner of the General 
 Land Office in that city. Being then called home to 
 participate in the litigation undertaken by the heirs of 
 his father-in-law’s estate against the executor, he was 
 detained so long that in justice to Mr. Carter, who was 
 deprived of his services as secretary, Mr. Freeman re- 
 signed his position, and concluded to remain in Helena. 
 In 1887 he was admitted to the Montana bar, passing 
 an e.xamination before Wilbur F. Sanders and Cornelius 
 Hedges, and was engaged in the practice of his profes- 
 sion in Helena for a year. 
 
 In 1888 Mr. Freeman became private secretary to E. 
 D. Edgerton, who was then vice-president and manager 
 of the First National Bank of Helena, and had full con- 
 trol of his private affairs, remaining as his secretary 
 until the suspension of the bank in 1896. Mr. Freeman 
 was subsequently employed with the receiver of the 
 T'irst National Bank and the Merchants National Bank 
 of Helena for a time, later becoming attorney for the 
 Baer Gulch Mining Company of Jardine, Montana. In 
 1909 he received at the hands of Senator Thomas H. 
 Carter the appointment of receiver of the United States 
 Land Office at Helena, and the fact that he is now 
 serving his third term in that position bears evidence 
 of his ability and fidelity in the performance of the 
 duties devolving upon him in this capacity. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Freeman is a member, past exalted 
 ruler, and present secretary, of Helena Lodge, No. 193, 
 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks ; and is a 
 member, and senior warden, of Morning Star Lodge, 
 No. 5, Ancient Free and Accepted Order of Masons. 
 He is also secretary of the Masonic Home, located in 
 Helena. 
 
 Mr. Freeman married, May 5, 1889, in Helena, Alle 
 May Ricker, a daughter of J. C. Ricker, familiarly 
 known as “Pony” Ricker, and they have four children, 
 namely: Ricker, taking a course in architecture, decor- 
 ating and designing at the Massachusetts Institute of 
 Technology; Marion Margaret; Gladys June; and 
 Dorothy Isabelle. 
 
 Charles H. Br.\y. As secretary and general mana- 
 ger of the Western Clay Manufacturing Company at 
 Ilelena, one of the most important industrial enterprises 
 in the state, Mr. Bray is recognized as a man of excep- 
 tional talent and as an expert in the industry with which 
 he is identified and should be accorded specific mention 
 as one of the progressive men of Helena and the state. 
 
 Charles H. Bray was born in Tavistock, Devonshire, 
 England. .A.ugust 8, 1864 — a town noted as the birth- 
 place of Sir Francis Drake and the poet, William 
 Browne, who were contemporaries of the sixteenth cen- 
 tury. His father, John Bray, was likewise a native of 
 'I'avistock. where he was employed in brick manufac- 
 turing throughout his active life. Pie married Elizabeth 
 Tucker, also of that town, and three children were born 
 to them, of which number Charles PL, of this review, is 
 the sole survivor. 
 
 As a boy Mr. Bray attended the public schools of 
 Tavistock until 1S77, when he turned his attention to 
 brick manufacturing. After a year he went to the north 
 of Englan.d :ind there made a close and careful study 
 of the various processes employed in the leading brick 
 and clay concerns and thoroughly familiarized himself 
 with all the details of the processes, so that he came to 
 be known as an expert brickmaker. In 1880 he came to 
 .\mcrica, locating in Duluth, Minnesota, where he was 
 associated with the Duluth Brick & Tile Company until 
 1882, in that year becoming connected with J. S. Mon- 
 roe, under the firm name of Monroe & Bray, at Mandan, 
 North Dakota, the new firm taking a contract to manu- 
 
 facture brick for the P. M. Granbury Brick Works. The 
 partnership was dissolved in August of the same year, 
 and Mr. Bray went to Jamestown, North Dakota, where 
 he manufactured the brick for the courthouse and the 
 First National Bank building. In the winter of 1882-3 
 he went to St. Paul, Minnesota, and was employed in 
 the survey between Superior and Ashland, and in the 
 following spring took charge of the brick works oper- 
 ated by a Minneapolis syndicate at Mandan. In the 
 spring of 1884 Mr. Bray first came to Helena, and his 
 first employment was in the manufacturing of brick for 
 C. C. Thurston. During the winter of 1884-85 he was 
 employed in the Drum-Lummon mine at Marysville and 
 in the spring of 1885 he entered the employ of Nicholas 
 Kessler. In 1886 Mr. Kessler purchased the Thurston 
 Brick Works and placed Mr. Bray in charge of the 
 plant. He retained the position of manager of the Kes- 
 sler Brick and Sewer Pipe Works, and through his well 
 directed efforts the enterprise expanded to magnificent 
 proportions. When Mr. Bray assumed charge only 
 common brick was manufactured and horse power was 
 utilized. He introduced successively a plant for manu- 
 facturing pressed brick, facilities for the production of 
 ornamental brick and terra cotta, apparatus for making 
 fire-proof products, a complete equipment for the manu- 
 facture of sewer pipe, then for the production of fire 
 brick and vitrified brick for pavements and sidewalks, 
 and, finally, excellent facilities for manufacturing flower 
 pots, lawn vases, etc. Thus the plant became equipped 
 to manufacture all clay products except pottery. Each 
 forward movement in the development of the plant 
 showed the progressive spirit of the manager and his 
 capacity for successfully handling all details of manu- 
 facture. When Mr. Kessler died in 1908 Mr. Bray be- 
 came a stockholder in the new corporation which was 
 then organized. The name of the factory was changed 
 to the Western Clay Manufacturing Company, and _Mr. 
 Bray was made secretary and general manager. _ Since 
 its incorportion the plant has greatly increased its ca- 
 pacity, having more than doubled its output. At present 
 it is the largest concern of the sort in the state and its 
 equipment is in keeping with this standing. The articles 
 manufactured by the Western Clay Company include 
 fire brick, paving and building brick, besides sewer pipe, 
 tiling and fire-proofing. The output of brick alone is 
 six millions annually. No institution in Plelena stands 
 higher as a commercial asset to the city, and the mate- 
 rial produced grades up with the very best to be found 
 anywhere. • • , 
 
 in politics Mr. Bray is an adherent to principles and 
 doctrines of the Republican party, and in 1^2 the vot- 
 ers of Lewis and Clarke county elected him a repre- 
 sentative in the lower house of the state legislature. He 
 served in the Third general assembly, and was made 
 chairman of the committees on immigration and fedeial 
 relations, and also served on the committee on railroads 
 and transportation. He proved a dignified and_ efficient 
 representative in his capacity as representative, and 
 again in 1903 Mr. Bray served as representative in the 
 Eighth general assembly. While a member of the latter 
 bocly he introduced the bill that resulted in the law 
 authorizing the organization of the Montana State Pair, 
 which is rapidly taking rank as one of the most success- 
 ful institutions of its kind in the country. _ 
 
 Mr. Bray has advanced to a high degree in Masonry, 
 his membership being maintained in King Solomon 
 Lodcre No 9 A F. & A. M„ while he has attained the 
 thirty-second ’ degree in the Scottish Rite, having been 
 crowned a sublime prince of the royal secret ; he is also 
 a member of Algeria Temple of the Nobles_ of the 
 Mystic Shrine, and his further fraternal affiliations are 
 represented bv his membership in the A. O. U. W„ Capi- 
 tal Lodge, No. 2; Helena Lodge, No. 192, B. P. O. E.; 
 and Montana Lodge, No. i, I. O. O. F. He is also a 
 member of Rocky Mountain Encampment of this order, 
 and has served as noble grand of the lodge. In a busi- 
 

HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1273 
 
 ness way he is a member of the National Brick Makers' 
 Association. He is a member of the Protestant Episco- 
 pal church and attends St. Peter’s church. 
 
 Though a thorough American, Mr. Bray retains an 
 affection for the mother country, and has been across 
 the water five times to visit his native land. On one of 
 these journeys he brought back his bride, Eliza Fletcher 
 Bray, to whom he was wedded on February i, 1887. 
 Three children have been born to them, — two sons and 
 one daughter. Archie C. Bray is assistant manager of 
 his father’s brickyard, becoming connected with the es- 
 tablishment upon his graduation from the Ohio State 
 University in 1911. Charles Raymond followed his high 
 school work with a course in 'a business college and is 
 engaged in the business with his father, as a bookkeeper. 
 Adele E. is attending the Helena high school. 
 
 Simpson Murry Wills. Known during the past fif- 
 teen years as one of the leading owners and breeders 
 of standard-bred horses in eastern Montana, and as 
 the owner of the famous “Open-A-Y-Bar” brand, Simp- 
 son Murry Wills holds deserved prestige among the 
 stockmen of Dawson county, where for a long period 
 he has been engaged in horse and cattle raising. Mr. 
 Wills is a native of Clark county, Kentucky, and was 
 born December 25, 1847, a son of Eli B. and Mary 
 (Piersall) Wills. Mr. Wills’ father was born in 1812 
 in the same locality, and there spent his life in agricul- 
 tural pursuits, also engaging extensively in breeding 
 fine horses. He was an active member of the Masonic 
 fraternity for many years and a stanch Democrat in 
 politics, and died in 1887 at the age of seventy-five years. 
 His wife passed away in 1871, having been the mother 
 of five children, of whom three are now living: Simp- 
 
 son M. ; Melissa, the wife of Sidney Moore, living in 
 Texas; and John T., a resident of Oklahoma. 
 
 The education of Simpson M. Wills was secured in 
 the public schools of his native county, and early in 
 boyhood .gave evidence of possessing a true Kentuckian’s 
 love for fine hores. W'^henever he could find time from 
 the duties on the home farm, he could be found in the 
 company of one or more of his equine friends, fond- 
 ling them, putting them through their paces, exercising 
 them, and breaking young colts, and his father, a great 
 lover of animals himself, did not discourage the lad, 
 but taught him much that was valuable. When the 
 Civil war broke out, young Wills was such an excel- 
 lent judge of horseflesh that he proved a valuable aid 
 to his father, who was engaged in buying horses for 
 the cavalry of the Federal army, and later they en- 
 gaged in purchasin.g cattle for the government. When 
 the war closed, Mr. Wills took up farming in Bath 
 county, Kentucky, but always kept a number of valu- 
 able horses on his place. On givin.g up his agricultural 
 operations he became manager for the Bath Iron Com- 
 pany, and later became connected with the Olympia 
 Iron Company, a Kentucky firm, which later engaged in 
 the cattle business in Montana under the name of the 
 Beaver Creek Cattle Company of Montana. As man- 
 a.ger of this business Mr. Wills came to Montana in 
 1884, and later the business was extended into Custer 
 county and the brand “Open-A-Y-Bar” adopted, which 
 Mr. Wills still uses as his own, although since 1899 he 
 has been engaged in the horse and cattle business on 
 his own account. In 1904 he purchased 5,000 acres of 
 land in Dawson county, some of which he has since 
 sold, although he still owns 3,500 acres, a part being 
 located near Wibaux, where he has 120 acres under 
 cultivation and in alfalfa. Since 1909 Mr. Wills has 
 made his home in Wibaux, but he has never lost his 
 love for horses and makes frequent trips to his ranch, 
 where he has about twenty head of standard-bred 
 horses. In addition, he has six horses which he keeps 
 in constant training, exercising them dailv with his 
 daughter, Eva, the baby of the family and an excel- 
 lent horse-woman, who has frequently defeated her 
 
 father in a lively brush. Another daughter, Mrs. Pow- 
 ers, when a young girl often rode her father’s racing 
 horses to victory in the Dakota and Montana circuits. 
 Mr. Wills is considered one of the most successful 
 breeders of high-grade animals in eastern Montana, 
 and his advice and judgment are often sought in mat- 
 ters pertaining to this subject. In 1910 he sold an 
 animal to Judge C. H. Loud, of Miles City, Montana, 
 a horse with a mark better than 2:20, which Judge 
 Loud considers the best horse in Montana. Mr. Wills’ 
 extensive operations have given him a wide acquaint- 
 ance throughout this section of the state, and he is very 
 popular among the citizens of his county. In political 
 matters he is a Republican, but has never cared to hold 
 puldic office. 
 
 On August 24, 1869, Mr. Wills was married to Miss 
 Sallie P. Warner, who was born in Bath county, Ken- 
 tucky, daughter of Allen and Vienna (Clayton) War- 
 ner, natives of the Blue Grass state. Mr. Warner, who 
 was born in 1812, spent his days in farming in Ken- 
 tucky, where he died at the age of seventy years, while 
 his wife passed away when sixty-eight years old. Of 
 their seven children, three are still living: Elizabeth, 
 who is the widow of John Carpenter; Travis: and Mrs. 
 Wills. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. 
 Wills, two of whom died in infancy, while the others 
 are : Cetious. the wife of William A. Orgam, presi- 
 
 dent of the William A. Orgain Company, the lading 
 mercantile establishment of Wibau.x; Lucy, wife of 
 Joseph S. Bilyeu, also of Wibaux ; Mollie, the widow 
 of Eugene Randall, living in Wibaux; Vienna, the wife 
 of Ernest Latham, of Baker, Montana ; Samuel J., who 
 married Maud Banker and is engaged in the cattle and 
 horse business ; Elizabeth, the widow of Roy Skidmore, 
 of Custer county, Montana ; Parish, the wife of Michael 
 Power, of Beach, North Dakota; and Eva, who lives 
 with her parents. Mr. Wills has eight grandchildren, 
 of whom he is deservedly proud. The family is one of 
 the best known in this part of the state, vyhere its mem- 
 bers have been unusually popular in social circles. 
 
 Martin Gleeson. The unusually efficient incumbent 
 of the office of assessor of Powell county, Montana, is 
 Martin Gleeson, who was elected assessor in the fall 
 of 1910 and who has been a prominent and influential 
 resident of Deer Lodge, Montana, since 18B4. Mr. 
 Gleeson is a man of remarkable enterprise and initia- 
 tive and he has won a fair amount of success in the 
 various business projects to which he has devoted his 
 attention. 
 
 In the city of Toronto, province of Ontario, Canada, 
 May 16, 1864, occurred the birth of Martin Gleeson. 
 who is a son of John and Bridget Marian (Heenan) 
 Gleeson. both of whom were born and reared in Ire- 
 land, whence they immigrated to Canada. John Glee- 
 son settled in the vicinity of Toronto, Canada, where 
 he became a farmer and stockman of note. He passed 
 to the life eternal December 25, 1879, and his cherished 
 and devoted wife died June 5. 1^77. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Gleeson became the parents of six sons, concerning 
 whom the followin.g brief data are here incorporated, 
 — -Michael is a merchant at Greenroad, Ontario, where 
 he has been clerk of the district court for the past 
 twentv years ; Patrick is engaged in the general mer- 
 chandise business at Toronto, Canada; John is a miller 
 in Toronto; Edward is a ranchman and stock-raiser at 
 Clairmont, Ontario; Cornelius has been employed in 
 the ”nai 1 department of the Canadian Pacific Railroad 
 at Winnipeg, Canada, for the past twenty years; and 
 Martin, the youngest son, is the immediate subject of 
 this review.- 
 
 Martin Gleeson lost his parents when he was a lad 
 of but fifteen years of age. He attended the public 
 schools of his native place up to that age and for the 
 ensuing five years was engaged in farm work and along 
 other lines of employment in Canada. In 1884, having 
 
1274 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 saved some money, he came to the United States, lo- 
 cating in the city of Deer Lodge, where he was hotel 
 clerk in the McBurney House for the following three 
 years. In 1887 he was appointed deputy warden and 
 guard at the State's Prison and he was incumbent of 
 those offices for a period of sixteen years. He was then 
 employed in the smelter at Anaconda until he became 
 clerk and warehouse man for the Bonner Mercantile 
 Company, continuing in the employ of that concern for 
 one year. He then worked in the smelters for an- 
 other year and was appointed deputy sheriff, serving 
 in that capacity for one year. In the fall of 1910 he 
 was honored by his fellow citizens with election to the 
 office of assessor of Powell county, on the Democratic 
 ticket. He is acquitting himself with all of honor and 
 distinction in discharging the duties of his office and 
 as a citizen his sterling integrity of character com- 
 mands to him the unalloyed confidence and esteem of 
 all with whom he comes in contact. He is a good 
 Democrat and devotes his energies in a quiet way to 
 furthering the welfare and progress of that party. His 
 career represents that of an honest, hard-working man 
 and he is recognized as one of the prominent and in- 
 fluential citizens of Deer Lodge and Powell county, 
 where he has so long maintained his home. 
 
 In September, 1899, Mr. Gleeson was united in mar- 
 riage to Miss Margaret Henneberg, a daughter of M. 
 B. Henneberg, a prominent rancher and stockman who 
 came to Montana in 1853 and settled in Ryan’s Canyon. 
 Mr. and Mrs. Gleeson became the parents of four chil- 
 dren, two of whom are deceased. Those living are 
 Leo and IMarian, who are at home with their parents. 
 The Gleesons have a pleasant home on the corner of 
 Main and Pennsylvania avenues in Deer Lodge and in 
 religious matters they are devout communicants of 
 the Catholic church. 
 
 Hugh A. McKinnon was born in Nova Scotia in the 
 year 1861. His father had gone there from his native 
 Canada when only a child, as his parents were pioneers 
 in that new section of the country. The new locality 
 was apparently a healthy one, and conducive to lon- 
 gevity, for iMr. McKinnon's grandfather lived to the 
 age of ninety-six. His son, too rounded out a goodly 
 number of years, as did also his son's wife, who lived to 
 the a,ge of seventy-five. Her maiden name was Sarah 
 Campbell and she was born, married and died in Canada. 
 Both Mr. AIcKinnon’s father and his grandfather were 
 farmers, but he did not ever plan to follow that occupa- 
 tion. After a course in the public schools of Canada, 
 he entered a machine shop, intending to learn the pro- 
 fession of mechanical engineering. He did not carry out 
 this plan however, as at the age of eighteen he left the 
 shop and went to sea in a merchant vessel. During the 
 next five years, he visited all parts of the globe and col- 
 lected an assortment of knowledge and experiences. In 
 1884. he decided to give up his sea-faring life and se- 
 lected Montana as the place in which to settle. He had 
 decided to learn the tinner's trade, and to this end, he 
 entered the employ of Mr. F. S. Lang. When he had 
 mastered the details of this business, Mr. McKinnon 
 spent five years working for wages and then concluded 
 to make the venture of an independent business. His 
 beginning was modest, but he soon gained a foothold, 
 and has continued to enlarge and to improve his plant 
 until now he owns one of the leading establishments of 
 the sort in Helena. He is well known in the business 
 circles of the city, and counted one of the substantial 
 merchants. 
 
 Mr. McKinnon and his family are members of the 
 Roman Catholic church. Mr. McKinnon is prominent 
 in the Knights of Columbus, and is also affiliated with 
 the Woodmen of the World, the Fraternal Order of 
 Ea.gles and the Catholic Knights of America. 
 
 Mrs. McKinnon is a native of New York City, and it 
 was in the same city that her marriage to Mr. McKinnon 
 
 took place. Fler maiden name was Sarah Cronin and on 
 January 22, 1890, she became Sarah Cronin McKinnon. 
 Five sons have been born of this union, all in the city of 
 Helena. Vincent J. McKinnon was born on January 5, 
 1891, and he is now learning the tinner’s trade in his 
 father’s store. Hugh, born in January, 1893, has grad- 
 uated from St. Charles’ College and is now attending 
 business college. Francis Lincoln, born in January, 
 1895, is also attending commercial school. Eugene 
 Thomas, who was born on February 22, 1898, is now 
 in the eighth grade at St. Charles’ College. Carroll 
 Joseph was born on August 7, 1905. 
 
 Mr. McKinnon retains his fondness for out-of-door 
 pursuits, and his devotion to base ball is one of the 
 marks of his thorough Americanization.. His oolitical 
 bias is toward the Democratic party, to which he gives 
 his support, although he is not in any sense an active 
 politician. 
 
 Elmar S. Herrick. While the fundamental prin- 
 ciples of success in any undertaking are energy and 
 application, a man whose environment remains closely 
 restricted, has fewer oportunities and accomplishes less, 
 everything considered, than the one whose mind is 
 broadened by travel and whose faculties are aroused 
 through struggle in a wider field of effort. Thus, it 
 might have come about that Elmar S. Herrick, who is 
 now one of Montana’s men of large possessions and 
 much business prominence, might have passed his en- 
 tire life gaining a competency on the home farm, as did 
 his honored father, but would have missed some of the 
 broader interests of life and the rewards that awaited 
 him in the great west, to which he came in 1883. Mr. 
 Flerrick was born near Jamestown, Chautauqua county. 
 New York, March 20, 1863, and is a son of Anson L. 
 and Elizabeth (Devoe) Herrick. 
 
 Anson L. Herrick was born also in Chautauqua coun- 
 ty, New York, and died there after a long and useful 
 life of seventy-seven years, in 1909. He married Eliza- 
 beth Devoe, who was born in Massachusetts and still 
 survives, being now in her seventy-second year, one of 
 the highly esteemed residents of Jamestown, to which 
 place her husband retired fifteen years before his de- 
 cease. Three sons and one daughter made up the 
 family, as follows : Elmar S. ; Hiram V. and Charles 
 W., both of whom live at Jamestown; and Abbie, who 
 died when aged sixteen years. The father was a farmer 
 and fruit grower, for many years giving special atten- 
 tion to producing fine apples. In his political views he 
 was a Repuhlican. 
 
 Elmar S. Herrick obtained his education in the James- 
 town schools and had early agricultural training on 
 the home farm. In 1883 he left Chautauqua county 
 and came as far west as Casselton, North Dakota, and 
 for about eighteen months worked on the Thompson 
 farm, coming to Glendivc, Montana, in November, 1884. 
 For one year he was in the employ of the Thompson- 
 Ames Cattle Company and afterward up to 1887, 
 was engaged in the sheep business on shares, with John 
 Shoub, on Cracker Box creek. From the spring of 
 1887 until the fall of that year, he was en.firaged in 
 freighting on the line of the Great Northern Railroad, 
 and then went to Washington state, where he was in 
 the horse business until he returned to Montana and 
 enga.ged in the same business in partnershio with Mar- 
 tin H. Dickman and continued until ig02. Prior to this, 
 however, in 1894, he became additionally interested in 
 sheep and in 1907 added cattle interests. By this time 
 Mr. Herrick had become rccognized_ as a man of capital 
 and astute business capacity, and in 1903. was invited 
 to become vice president of the Exchange Bank of 
 Glendive, Montana. In July, 1911, the above bank was 
 reorganized as the Exchange State Bank and Mr. Her- 
 rick continued to fill the above office in relation to its 
 management and is still so interested. In 1907 he also 
 became interested in the banking business at Wibaux, 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1275 
 
 Montana, and in 1909, in association with other capital- 
 ists, organized the First State Bank of Wibaux and is 
 one of its board of directors. 
 
 Mr. Herrick has many additional business interests 
 including the following, with which he is officially con- 
 nected : the Herrick & Sims Livestock Company, of 
 which he is president; the Herrick-McMillen Sheep 
 Company, of which he is president; the Judith Basin 
 Land Company, of which he is secretary and treasurer ; 
 the Herrick & Duplisca Land and Livestock of which 
 he is president; and the Eastern Elevator Company in 
 which he is a stockholder and a member of its board of 
 directors. He was one of the organizers of the Mon- 
 tana Eastern Telephone Company and served as its 
 vice president until the company sold to the Bell Tele- 
 phone Company, on November 20, 1911. In all these 
 important enterprises Mr. Herrick discharges his mani- 
 fold duties with credit to himself and satisfaction to 
 those with whom he is associated. 
 
 On June 18, 1898, Mr. Flerrick was married to Miss 
 Eloise Goodspeed, who was born in Massachusetts, 
 and they have four children : Clifford W., Mildred, 
 Gertrude and Ruth. They are being given many ad- 
 vantages and will be well equipped to creditably fill any 
 position in life. 
 
 In political preference. Mr. Herrick is a Republican. 
 He is serving in the office of public administrator and 
 is also in his second term as alderman from the Second 
 ward of Glendive, his usefulness in the city council be- 
 ing emphasized by his excellent business judgment. In 
 the spring of 1911 he was appointed state sheep com- 
 missioner of this district. He is a member of the 
 Masonic fraternity, belonging to Glendive • Lodge. No. 
 "51, A. F. & A. iVI., and Yellowstone Chapter, No. 5, 
 R. A. M. 
 
 Nels Nelson is one of the successful ranchers in 
 Beaverhead county. Montana, although he has retired 
 to a large extent from the business which has brought 
 him prosperity. Mr. Nelson was born in Denmark in 
 1862, on the 22d of January. His parents were Nels 
 and Ellen (Sorenson) Nelson, both of whom .were 
 natives of Denmark. They spent their whole lives in 
 their native country, the mother dying there in 1902. 
 and the father in 1908. The father was a farmer and 
 merchant and his son received a very good education 
 in the public schools of Denmark. He came to America 
 in 1882, and for eighteen months lived in Omaha, Ne- 
 braska. In 1884 he came out to Montana, his first 
 year in the state bein.g spent in the employ of the 
 company that was building the Montana Central Rail- 
 road. He then went to Deer Lodge, but only remained 
 there a short time. 
 
 Upon leaving Deer Lodge he came to Beaverhead 
 county and was one of the first settlers of the Big 
 Hole Basin. Here he took up homestead and pre- 
 emption claims, and a short time later engaged in the 
 cattle business in a modest way. He was successful 
 in the venture and after a time was able to buy the 
 ranch then known as the John W. Morton lanch in the 
 Basin, increasing his operations in the cattle business. 
 
 In 1896, Mr. Nelson was married to IMiss Ingrid 
 Peterson, who was born in Sweden, February 25, 1870. 
 They remained in the Big Hole Basin until 1898, when 
 they sold out their holdings and made a journey back 
 to Denmark and Sweden to visit their parents and rela- 
 tives in their old homes. LTpon their return in 1899, 
 they bought the A. F. Greater ranch on Horse Prairie, 
 Beaverhead county, consisting of two thousand four 
 hundred acres of land, and then went into cattle and 
 horses on a more extensive scale than heretofore. In 
 1905 Mr. Nelson went into the sheep business in addi- 
 tion to that of cattle and horses, and also commenced 
 farrning. In 1906 he removed to Dillon with his 
 family, where the parents bought a home that their 
 children might have better educational advantages. 
 
 They have now seven children of whom six are living, 
 namely : Eddy, Ellen, Ralph, Albert, Evelyn and Edith. 
 
 In 1909 he bought an interest in the Olmstead Ste- 
 venson Company, a wholesale and retail grocery and 
 hardware and implement establishment of Dillon, Mon- 
 tana, and was elected vice-president of the same. In 1912 
 he sold out his cattle business and part of the ranch, 
 but he continues to interest himself in the handling of 
 sheep, a branch of his business which he conducted 
 for a number of years ; but he has now removed with 
 his family to California spending the winter months 
 in the sunny climate of that state. 
 
 ^Ir. Nelson is a Republican in his political views. 
 
 John F. Charles. Montana has many striking 
 examples of the self-made man. There seems to be 
 something in the very atmosphere that encourages one 
 to succeed, and the number of successful men who 
 have started out as poor boys, without friendly influence 
 or financial aid, and won a place through their own 
 efforts among the foremost men of their communities, is 
 startling. One of these, a man who is prominently 
 identified with one of the large and growing business 
 enterprises of Butte, is John F. Charles, president of the 
 Tivoli Brewing Company, who has been the architect 
 of his own fortunes to a marked degree. Mr. Charles 
 was born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 16, 1863, 
 and is a son of David J. and Mary (Jenkins) Charles. 
 David J. Charles identified himself early in life with the 
 copper smelting business, and came to Baltimore, Mary- 
 land, in 1855, remaining as a resident of that city until 
 1868. In 1884 he came to Butte and continued to reside 
 in this city until his death, August 9, 1898, when he was 
 sixty-one years of age. He served in the United States 
 navy during the Civil war. Mr. Charles married Mary 
 Jenkins, who came to the United States with her parents 
 when she was fifteen years of age. John F. was the 
 third in order of birth of their nine children, and Mrs. 
 Charles died in Utah, during November, 1884. 
 
 The early education of John F. Charles was secured 
 in the public schools of Baltimore, but when he was 
 eleven years of age his studies were interrupted by his 
 parents’ removal to the west. On his arrival in Butte, 
 his first employment was with Patrick Kane, foreman 
 of the Big Butte mine, and until 1884 he continued to 
 be engaged in mining in Utah. In that year he engaged 
 in the retail liquor business on East Park street, where 
 he continued successfully for two years, and he then 
 became associated wdth his brother in the same line, at 
 the corner of Utah and Front streets. This business he 
 has conducted alone since 1898, in which year he pur- 
 chased his brother’s interests. In 1905, when the Tivoli 
 Brewing Company was organized, Mr. Charles was made 
 president thereof, a position which he has held to the 
 present tirne, and he is also a director in the Blue Vein 
 Copper Mining Company. A man of upright character 
 and sterling business integrity, he bears a high reputa- 
 tion among his associates and holds their esteem and 
 confidence in every way. Politically, he is a Republican, 
 but his time and attention have been devoted to his busi- 
 ness interests and he has never entered the political 
 field. Fraternally, he is connected with I. O. O. F., 
 Enterprise No. 40, and the B. P. O. E. His residence is 
 situated at No. 1040 Utah avenue. Such are the events 
 in the career of a man who, through business sagacity 
 and acumen, has risen to a high position in this locality’s 
 financial and industrial circles. He is a man universally 
 liked by all who are acquainted wdth him, is one of 
 Butte's public-spirited citizens, and no movement for 
 the real advancement of his section is launched that does 
 not receive his active and hearty co-operation, and where 
 the project is one that requires financial support, his 
 gift is always a liberal one. He is preeminently an 
 organizer .and an executive, and a man possessed of 
 much more than the ordinary business talent. 
 
Il'70 
 
 PliSTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 Albert A. Morris. After being a prominent figure 
 in commercial and .social circles in Billings, Montana, 
 for many years, Mr. Albert A. Morris, county treasurer 
 and president of the First National Baidc, is now a resi- 
 dent of Roundup, Montana. Full of energy and ambi- 
 tion, with that vital interest in all the activities around 
 him which always distinguishes the man destined for 
 success, Mr. Morris, although already holding an en- 
 viable position in his community, will probably forge 
 much farther ahead before he or his neighbors decide 
 that he has fulfilled all the possibilities latent in him. 
 
 .Mr. Morris’ father, Dr. Dempsey C. Morris, is now 
 retired from active practice as a physician, and is living 
 at his home in New Sharon, Iowa. He was born in 
 Indiana. Mrs. Morris was Miss Mary Painter before her 
 marriage, and was born in Ohio. She is also still living, 
 residing at the old home in New Sharon. Mr. Albert 
 -\. Morris, who was the third in a family of six children, 
 was born in Hesper, Iowa, February 28, 1865, but it 
 was only a few months after his birth that the family 
 moved to New Sharon. He attended the public schools 
 in the Iowa town until he was sixteen years old, when 
 he went to South Dakota. For three years he remained 
 in Ashton, of that state, following mercantile lines, until 
 in 1884, when he came to Montana. Ever since then, 
 with the exception of one year in Alaska and one year in 
 Washington, he has lived in Montana. And as a result 
 of his long familiarity with his adopted state he says 
 of it: “Montana has the finest climate, the most hos- 
 pitable people, and offers more and better opportunities 
 than any other western state.” 
 
 iMr. Morris etirned his first money as a boy in help- 
 ing a surveying party, for which he received the salary 
 of forty dollars a month, and it was a surveying and 
 civil engineer that he started his work in Montana. Fie 
 remained in Billings, where he first settled, until 1908, 
 when he removed to Roundup. He first entered the 
 mining business here, but later bought into the First 
 National Bank, which had then been running a year, 
 and was immediately made president of it. He soon 
 after dropped all his other business interests and de- 
 voted all his time to the bank. As stated earlier, he is 
 also now the county treasurer of Musselshell county. 
 
 Mr. Morris has many other interests outside of his 
 business. He enjoys church work, and although he has 
 no objection to any denomination, he favors the old 
 Quaker church. He also takes an active part in politics 
 as a member of the Republican party, especially in any 
 issues which have to do with the development of the 
 state. This interest has been strengthened by a many 
 years’ association with a certain type of state work 
 through his position during most of his residence in 
 Billings as city engineer and county surveyor of Yellow- 
 stone county, and particularly because of the insight he 
 gained into local affairs through serving one term in 
 the state legislature. He is a member of the Roundup 
 Commercial Club, and the Roundup Pioneer Club, and 
 was at one time president of the latter organization. 
 FIc also belongs to the Montana Society of Civil Engi- 
 neers. 
 
 Although Mr. Morris owns an automobile, and uses 
 that on most occasions as his conveyance, he is still 
 fond of riding and driving, and has a large number 
 of blooded horses on his ranch near Fluntley. He thinks 
 baseball an excellent sport, and occasionally plays him- 
 self. Fishing and hunting belong in his list of amuse- 
 ments, as they do in that of most westerners. Mr. Mor- 
 ris was married June 8, 1909, at Chicago, Illinois, to 
 Louise Rickly, of Ottawa, Illinois. 
 
 Harlan J. Thompson. One of the large and pros- 
 perous business firms of Billings, Montana, is that of 
 the Billings Lumber Company, the founder and presi- 
 dent of which, Harlan J. Thompson, holds rank among 
 the leading business men of the city. For more than a 
 decade he has been closely identified with the industrial 
 
 and civic interests of Billings, and during this time has 
 established himself firmly in the confidence of his busi- 
 ness associates and the public at large. Mr. Thompson 
 is a product of Washington county, Wisconsin, and was 
 born July 13, i860, a son of James Sanders and Lenora 
 (Williams) Thompson. 
 
 James Sanders Thompson was .born in Pittsfield, 
 Massachusetts, in 1823, and during the early ’forties 
 located in the territory of Wisconsin, where he took 
 up a claim in the wild, uncultivated country, and after 
 experiencing all the trials and hardships incidental to 
 pioneer life succeeded in hewing a home from the 
 wilderness. Subsequently he embarked in the saw-mill 
 business, in which he was engaged practically all of 
 his life, and he also had large lumber interests in Fond 
 du Lac county, where his death occurred in 1906. In 
 political matters he was a Whig until 1856, in which 
 year he transferred his allegiance to the Republican 
 party, and was elected to various public offices. Fie was 
 married in Wisconsin to Miss Lenora Williams, who 
 was born in Cattaraugus county. New York, in 1803,- 
 and she died at the age of eighty-five years, having 
 been the mother of five children, Harlan J. being the 
 third in order of birth. 
 
 ITarlan J. Thompson received his education in the 
 schools of Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, whence his 
 parents had removed when he was a child, and he 
 remained under the parental roof until he had attained- 
 his majority. At that time he engaged in school teach- 
 ing, a vocation that occupied his attention until 1884, 
 which year saw his advent in Montana. His first 
 location was in Beaverhead county, but after spending 
 three years at various pursuits he engaged in a lumber 
 business at Dillon, where he continued until 1901. At 
 that time Mr. Thompson came to Billings to widen 
 the scope of his operations, and here organized the 
 Billings Lumber Company, of which he is president. 
 This concern, doing business all over the state, deals 
 in lumber, sash, doors, shingles, lime, cement and 
 building materials, a large stock of the finest grade of 
 goods always being on hand. A man of more than 
 ordinary business ability, Mr. Thompson gives his per- 
 sonal' attention to all the minutiae of his enterprise, and 
 under his supervision the venture has grown steadily. 
 His career has been eminently successful, and his many 
 friends will cheerfully testify to the high estimate in 
 which he is held. Like his father, he is an ardent 
 Republican, and his services to his party were rewarded 
 in 1909, when he was elected to the office of mayor 
 of Billings. The sound and sane business administra- 
 tion that he gave Billings during his term only strength- 
 ened him in the popular esteem and proved that he is 
 admirably qualified for public preferment. Under his 
 administration the cit>' was freed from debt, the busi- 
 ness section paved and many modern improvements 
 inaugurated which caused the town to assume the ap- 
 pearance of an up-to-date city. With this exception 
 he has never held office, but was the Progressive can- 
 didate for the office of state treasurer in 1912. He is a 
 member of the executive committee of the Young 
 Men’s Christian Association, and is fraternally affiliated 
 with Ashlar Lodge, No. 29, A. F. & A. M., and Bil- 
 lings Lodge, No. 394, B. P. O. E. 
 
 On May 17, 1S93, Mr. Thompson was married to 
 Miss Mabel W. Coffin, who was born in Minnesota, 
 daughter of Edward Coffin. Mr. and Mrs. Ihompson 
 have two children : Harlan Steel and Miriam. 
 
 Sydney L. Foster. The postmaster is a man whose 
 responsibilities are beavier than most people realize, 
 and the care with which Uncle Sam selects the 
 men who are to occupy this post is sufficient evidence 
 of the importance which it has in the eyes of the 
 government. The old dignity which clustered about the 
 brow of the old time postmaster often remains with the 
 new, but this is only when he is a man of force and 
 
/ 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 T277 
 
 influence in the community, otherwise he is only too 
 liable to be regarded by the people as a convenient 
 personage, too firmly bound up in “red tape,” how- 
 ever, to suit them. With Sydney L. Foster, the post- 
 master of Sheridan, Montana, the old feeling of admira- 
 tion and respect still holds good, for though he is a 
 young man, yet he has established himself firmly in the 
 regard of the people of Sheridan and they would con- 
 sider it a black day for Sheridan were he ever to 
 resign his office. Conscientious, thoroughly capable, 
 and able to handle men, Mr. Foster is a valuable 
 servant to his government. 
 
 A native of Sheridan, Montana, Sydney L. Foster 
 was born on the i8th of May, 1884, and has lived 
 here all of his life. Fie was educated in the Sheridan 
 schools, attending the public schools and the high 
 school. When he was about sixteen he was eager to go 
 to work, so his father permitted him to do so and 
 his first employment was driving a team for his 
 brothers. Fie soon advanced to the dignity of work- 
 ing for himself, and invested the small sum that he 
 had managed to save in a livery and dra}" business. 
 He followed this occupation for about two years, and 
 then sold out and accepted the appointment as deputy 
 county clerk and recorder. He was very successful 
 in this office, and served in the position for about two 
 _vears, at the end of which time he was appointed 
 postmaster. This appointment was in 1909, and he is 
 the present incumbent of the office. 
 
 The father of Sydney L. Foster is Thomas A. 
 Foster, who was born in England and was brought 
 by his parents to the United States as a child of four 
 years. In 1880 he came to Montana and settled in 
 Madison county. He was a machinist and engineer by 
 trade and during the years that he has lived in Montana 
 he has occasionally turned to his old trade for a short 
 time, but for the most part he has been engaged in 
 ranching. As a ranchman he has been very successful 
 and during his long residence in this section of the 
 state his popularity has grown with the years. He now 
 resides on his ranch near Sheridan, and is, as he has 
 always been, a prominent and leading member of the 
 district. He is very active in Masonry and has filled 
 many important offices in this ancient order. His 
 loyalty to his adopted country was tried and proven 
 during the Civil war, when he served for over four 
 years as a soldier in the Union army, taking part in 
 many of the fiercest battles of that fearful conflict. He 
 was married in Illinois to Virginia Taylor, who was a 
 native of that state. Mrs. Foster is likewise living on 
 the ranch. Of the eight children of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Thomas A. Foster, Sydney L. Foster is the youngest. 
 The eldest of these, Mabel, married Charles R. Glasser 
 and resides at Council, Idaho ; William H. is married 
 and lives on the ranch with his father; John H. is also 
 married and lives in Ruby, Montana ; Leonard R. 
 resides in Sheridan with his wife and family; Leroy is 
 married and also lives in Sheridan ; Gertie N. is dead. 
 
 Like his father, Sydney L. Foster takes an active 
 interest in the Masonic order, of which he is a mem- 
 ber, his wife being a loyal member of the Eastern 
 Star. In politics he is a Republican and a very en- 
 thusiastic and useful member of his party, for his 
 word and judgment have great weight with his many 
 friends and admirers. He is inclined toward the 
 apostolical faith of the Protestant Episcopal church, 
 but is a member of no church as yet. In addition to 
 the usual recreations of the average healthy man, such 
 as hunting and fishing, or the milder sports of tennis 
 and baseball, Mr. Foster is a chicken enthusiast, and 
 takes great pleasure in the fine fowls that he raises 
 every year. As a member of the local dramatic club 
 and as the possessor of a very good voice, he is popu- 
 lar as an entertainer, and is fortunate in being able to 
 add to the pleasure of any gathering, as well as to 
 derive the enjoyment that comes from a cultivated 
 
 taste in listening to the performances of others. Hav- 
 ing a thorough knowledge of the state, Mr. Foster is 
 deeply impressed with her resources and says, “Mon- 
 tana can very successfully take care of a population 
 three times the size of the present, and you can’t beat 
 the climate anywhere.” 
 
 The marriage of Sydney L. Foster to Ethel L. Squire 
 took place in Sheridan, Montana, on the 26th of June, 
 1906. Mrs. Foster is the daughter of Seth H. and 
 Emma L. Squire, and is a member of an old pioneer 
 family of California. She is as active in the social 
 and artistic circles of the town as her husband, and 
 is a representative of that finest type of the modern 
 American woman who finds the time in the midst of 
 her -daily household duties to keep up with affairs 
 that are taking place in the great world around her, to 
 take an active part in local activities and find the time 
 to keep her own mind fresh and keen. Mrs. Foster 
 does more than this, for she is gifted with a facile pen, 
 and has turned this talent to some use. She was at 
 one time a valued contributor of articles to the news- 
 papers and at the time of the death of Colonel San- 
 ders, she wrote an editorial for the Dillon (Mont.) 
 Tribune that attracted much attention and called forth 
 many favorable comments. Being a writer. Mrs. Fos- 
 ter is naturally very fond of reading, and is a keen 
 judge of the merits of a book. She is a communicant 
 of the Protestant Episcopal church, and is one of the 
 active workers in the church, being a member of the 
 Ladies’ Guild. She is well acquainted with church 
 conditions throughout the state and considers them in 
 excellent shape and a credit to the state of Montana. 
 The schools also have come in for a share of her 
 interest, and she says that the educational facilities 
 are far above the average. Mr. and Mrs. Foster are 
 the parents of three children, John S., Judith V. and 
 Jane M. 
 
 S.^MUEL B.arker. The substantial, useful, and es- 
 teemed citizens of Butte have no finer representative 
 than Samuel Barker, who, as mining engineer, is actively 
 identified with one of the foremost interests of Mon- 
 tana, while as a man of public spirit and intelligence he 
 is prominent in the civic and social life of the city. He 
 was born in England, May 17, 1869. His father, Samuel 
 Barker, Sr., a life-long resident of England, met a tragic 
 death in 1869, while he was yet in the prime of a vigor- 
 ous manhood. He married Elizabeth Oliver, who was 
 born in England and was a woman of much force of 
 character, and excellent judgment. In 1874 she came 
 with her_ only child. Samuel, to America, and for ten 
 years resided in Virginia City, Nevada. Removing then 
 to Butte, hlontana, she has since continued a resident of 
 this cit}', where she has a pleasant home and enjoys 
 all the comforts of modern life. 
 
 Acquiring his rudimentary education in Virginia City, 
 Samuel Barker completed his studies at the Butte high 
 school. At the age of sixteen years he was appren- 
 ticed to the firm of Kronberg & Hoff, civil and mining 
 engineers, and under their instructions gained his first 
 knowledge of the profession he is now following. He 
 subsequently served another apprenticeship of four years 
 with Wilson & Gillie, after which he entered the College 
 of Montana, at Deer Lodge, from which he was gradu- 
 ated in 1895 with the degree of M. E. Returning then 
 to Butte, iMr. Barker was in the employ of Wilson & 
 Gillie for six months, when, in December, 1895, he be- 
 came associated with the Anaconda Mining and Copper 
 Company as engineer, a position which he filled most 
 acceptably until August. 1897. At that time Mr. Barker, 
 in partnership with W. W. Pennington, acquired the 
 engineering business of Wilson & Gillie, which they 
 have since conducted abl\- and satisfactorily, being 
 widely known as the leading mining engineers of the 
 state. iMr. Barker has also mining interests of his own. 
 the investments which he has made having proved of 
 
1278 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 much value. Me is prominent in mining circles, being 
 a member of the American Institute of Mining Engi- 
 gineers ; and a member, and the treasurer, of the Mon- 
 tana Society of Engineers, which has headquarters in 
 Hutte. Me is also a member of the National Geographic 
 Society. 
 
 Politically Mr. Barker is an active worker in the Re- 
 publican ranks, and is now serving his second term as 
 alderman, representing the Sixth ward. Fraternally, he 
 belongs to Mount Mariah Lodge, No. 24, is a member 
 of Butte Consistory Scottish Rite Mason and Bagdad 
 Temple of Shriners; and socially he is a member of the 
 Silver Bow Club. Religiously he belongs to the Pro- 
 testant church. 
 
 In Helena, Montana, December 14, 1896, Mr. Barker 
 was united in marriage with Blanche Stuart, a daughter 
 of Samuel D. and Amanda J. Stuart. Mrs. Barker was 
 born in Iowa, February 2, 1875, and as a girl received 
 excellent educational advantages. Artistic in her tastes, 
 her natural talents were early developed, and she is well 
 known throughout the state as an artist of ability, her 
 paintings, both in oils and in water colors, being much 
 admired and in demand by lovers of art in its highest 
 form. Mr. and Mrs. Barker have one child, Samuel 
 Stuart Barker, whose birth occurred in Butte, Montana, 
 December 31, 1903. 
 
 Beginning life with limited means, Mr. Barker has 
 steadily and surely forged his way upward, climbing 
 the ladder of attainments rung by rung, with scarce a 
 drawback. And now, in the midst of his prosperity, 
 he gives credit for his success in life primarily to cor- 
 rect home influence, his mother's loving care and wise 
 training, while as a business factor he is indebted for 
 his success in life to his early association with Messrs. 
 Wilson & Gillie, who were honorable and upright in 
 all of their dealings and in whose footsteps he has fol- 
 lowed as nearly as possible. Mr. Barker owns and 
 occupies an attractive home at No. 845 West Galena 
 street, a pleasant part of the city, while his business 
 office is at No. bo East Granite street. 
 
 Cu.'tRLES A. Smith. As the mayor of Harlem since 
 1910 and the leading merchant of the city since its 
 beginning, Charles A. Smith is eminently deserving 
 of mention in a biographical and historical work em- 
 bracing this section of the country. He has been so 
 closely identified with the growth of Harlem and its 
 every phase of development that to recount the details 
 of the history of the city would be almost synonymous 
 with a recital of the events of his life since the year 
 1889, in the autumn of which year he first saw what is 
 now the thriving and prosperous city of Harlem. 
 
 Mr. Smith was born in Xenia, Greene county, Ohio, 
 on May 14, 1855. He is the son of Adam L. Smith 
 and his wife, Sarah Gano. The father was a native of 
 Scotland, and it is entirely probable that the generous 
 portion of Scottish blood that courses through the 
 veins of Charles Smith has in a great measure shaped 
 his destiny and which, blended with the blood of his 
 American ancestors, has given him that sturdy charac- 
 ter and directness of purpose that has been so potent 
 a factor in his successful business life. Adam Smith 
 came to America from Scotland as a young man, and 
 from first to last was a dominant figure in the com- 
 munity in which he made his home for so many 
 years, and where he finally passed away. He was a 
 prominent factor in Democratic politics in his county, 
 was mayor of Xenia at one time, and was on other 
 occasions sheriff and treasurer of his county. He was 
 a veteran of the Civil war, having served in the 
 Seventy-fourth Ohio Regiment, and was wounded in 
 action at the battle of Lookout mountain. He con- 
 ducted a large contracting business in Xenia for 
 many years, and his death occurred there in 1897. 
 
 The mother is also deceased. They were the parents 
 of eight sons and daughters : Samuel G., Frank P., 
 
 Edward M. and George H. are all residents of Xenia, 
 Ohio, where they were born and reared; Mary, who 
 was the wife of Frank Method, died in 1^4 at Xenia; 
 ,\nna died in 1909, at Xenia, and James died at East 
 St. Louis in 1900. 
 
 Charles A., who was the fifth born of the eight 
 children, attended the public schools of his native town 
 until he was thirteen years of age. He remained in 
 the parental home until he was twenty years of age, and 
 in the year 1875 left home to see the west. He 
 first located in Bismarck, North Dakota, and dur- 
 ing that winter chopped cord-wood in the vicinity of 
 Bismarck. In the spring he enlisted in the govern- 
 ment service as the driver of a six mule team going 
 overland to Montana with the Custer expedition, and 
 he was engaged in Indian fighting from then until 
 1881, seeing much active service and passing through 
 many thrilling experiences. He helped to build Fort 
 Keogh and Fort Assiniboin, and in the autumn of 
 1881 he left the service. Going to Wilder’s Landing 
 on the Missouri river, Mr. Smith started a trading 
 post doing business with the Indians, and there he 
 remained until the summer of 1884. When the gold 
 excitement broke out he went to Alder Gulch, Mon- 
 tana, where he engaged in mining until the latter part 
 of 1885, after which he came to Fort Belknap and 
 was there employed bv Thomas O’Hanlan in his store. 
 He remained thus employed until the spring of 1888, 
 returning then to St. Paul’s Mission where he worked 
 on a farm until late in 1889. His next move took him 
 to Harlem, and there he has remained continuously 
 since that time. He began doing business in a wall 
 tent, on a necessarily small scale, but with the ulti- 
 mate growth and expansion of the new town, he en- 
 larged his stock and finally built a substantial store. 
 Today the establishment which Mr. Smith first con- 
 ducted in a tent in the primitive village has grown until 
 it is the largest mercantile house in the busy and 
 prosperous city of Harlem, and Mr. Smith is known for 
 one of the leading business men of the city, and one 
 of its most prosperous residents. He has the distinc- 
 tion of having built the first house in Harlem, or in 
 Chouteau county. In addition to the splendid business 
 which Mr. Smith owns in Harlem, he is the possessor 
 of a number of valuable ranches in Montana, and some 
 fine citv realty. He owns a handsome home in the 
 city. also. In September, 1910, Mr. Smith was elected 
 mayor of Harlem, and in 1912 had the honor of being 
 elected to succeed himself in that office. He has proved 
 himself an able executive, and the affairs of the city 
 have been capably handled throughout his administra- 
 tion. 
 
 Mr. Smith is a Republican in his political faith and 
 an active and influential worker. He is a member of 
 the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. 
 
 Mr. Smith has been twice married. His first wife 
 was Hannah Olsen, a native of Sweden, and of this 
 union three children were born, — Hazel, Estella and 
 Charles A., Jr. The latter is now a student in the 
 Helena high school. In more recent years Mr. Smith 
 was united in marriage with Miss Emma Myers, a 
 native of Pennsylvania. There is no issue of this 
 latter union. 
 
 Ted E. Collins. One of Montana's natif'e citi- 
 zens, it has been the lot of Mr. Collins to find his place 
 in the business world of the state already created for 
 him by the enterprise of his distinguished father, Jere- 
 miah Collins. However, Mr. Collins’ inheritance was 
 not limited to material possessions, but he also is en- 
 dowed with a goodly share of the initiative and the 
 intellectuality of his progenitor, and he is one of the 
 sons of eminent men who are not spending their days 
 in the borrowed splendor of their fathers’ prestige, but 
 are rather availing themselves of their increased oppor- 
 tunities to accomplish larger results. 
 
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 f 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1279 
 
 Jeremiah Collins was born in Ireland in 1850. When 
 a mere child, he was brought to America by his parents, 
 who settled on an Indiana farm in the days when that 
 was “out west". At twelve, the boy was left without 
 father or mother and at once began to shift for himself. 
 He secured work on a neighboring farm, and whenever 
 he could, he went to school. It is said that “whither a 
 man desireth to go, thither his feet will carry him”, and 
 Jeremiah Collins desired to go to school. He not only 
 managed to complete the work of the public schools, 
 but earned enough to take him through the University 
 of Indiana, from which he received his degree in 1873. 
 After leaving school, Mr. Collins went into journalism 
 and from the first he made a brilliant success of the 
 nrofcssion. After some time spent with the Wabash 
 News, Mr. Collins went to Lo^ansport where he was 
 employed on the Courier. Here in 1878. he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Letta E. Fitzgerald, and together they 
 came to the wild state, Montana, up the Missouri river to 
 Fort Benton. Here Mr. Collins established one of the 
 first successful newspaper^ in the state, the Fort Benton 
 River Press, of which he was editor until 1889. By 
 this time, other towns in Montana were beginning to 
 become places of consequence and of promise. The 
 floating population bent upon making a successful strike 
 in the mines, was giving place to an element which had 
 come to stay and to develop the country. Mr. Collins 
 saw an opportunity to establish a newspaper at Great 
 Falls, and accordingly the Great Falls Tribune came into 
 existence through his enterprise, and he continued at 
 the head of it until 1892. At this date, he gave up his 
 journalistic work to engage in the compiling and writ- 
 ing of a history of Montana. This was one of the 
 first records of the progress of this commonwealth from 
 the days of the Louisiana Purchase to the end of the 
 ninety years following that fortunate investment. Mr. 
 Collins spent a year upon this undertaking and when it 
 was finished, did not resume his newspaper work, as 
 he was appointed receiver of public money in the gen- 
 eral land office under Cleveland. At the expiration of 
 his term in this office in 1897, Mr. Collins established 
 the Collins Land Company of Helena, one of the pio- 
 neer land companies of the state, as well as one of the 
 largest concerns of the sort in the Treasure state. 
 At the present time, Mr. Collins, his wife and daughter, 
 Lena Agnes Collins, are residing in Washington, D. C. 
 Mr. Collins is engaged in managing the eastern branch 
 of the Collins Land Company, of which he is president. 
 Miss Collins is a graduate of the Helena high schciol, 
 and also of National Park Seminary, one of the 
 well-known girls’ schools of the national capital. 
 
 With such a record before him to live up to, it will 
 be readily understood that Ted E. Collins’ task of mak- 
 ing himself known in the business world apart from 
 being his father's son, was not of the easiest, and that 
 he has achieved it, is a sufficient commentary upon his 
 abilities. Born in Fort Benton on April 20, 1884, he 
 received his elementary education in the schools of 
 Great Falls and Helena. After this, he spent a year in 
 the famous Phillips Exeter Academy of New Hamp- 
 shire, and the following three years in the New York 
 Military Academy. He graduated from this school in 
 1903, and then went to the George Washington Uni- 
 versity to take up the study of law. This he continued 
 for a time in the University of Virginia, but finished at 
 the George Washington, Mr. Collins did not begin the 
 practice of his profession, as he became associated with 
 the Helena branch of the Collins Land Company and its 
 allied companies. In this organization he holds the 
 office of secretary and treasurer. Another concern in 
 which he is financially interested is the Marysville Gold 
 Mining Company, and in this, too, he is secretary and 
 treasurer. 
 
 On Tune 2, 1909, Mr. Collins was united in marriage 
 to Miss Frances Austin Parker. The wedding took 
 place at Seattle, Washington. One daughter, Helen 
 
 Fitzgerald Collins, was born to this union, on July 25, 
 1910. 
 
 In politics, Mr. Collins is Democratic. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Montana Club, and both he and Mrs. Collins 
 are of the number of the best-known and most popular 
 of Helena’s social circle. Mr. Collins’ acquaintance with 
 men of influence and distinction of the time, is not con- 
 fined to his native state, but extends over a large part 
 of the country. Though not yet thirty, he has taken his 
 place with the citizens who make the city. 
 
 Jacob Albright, who is proprietor of a clothing 
 store in Virginia City, Montana, is a citizen of unusual 
 prominence and influence in this section of the state. 
 He has served his home community in a number of 
 important official positions, among them being treas- 
 urer of Madison county and state senator. 
 
 A native of the fine old Empire state of the Union, 
 Jacob Albright was born in New Salem, Albany county, 
 New York, July 17, i86b, and he is a son of Isaac and 
 Plannah E. (Bradt) Albright, both of whom were born 
 and reared in New York state, where the former is 
 still living in 1912, nearing the age of eighty years, and 
 where the latter died in 1911, aged seventy-seven years. 
 The father was engaged in agricultural pursuits during 
 the major portion of his active career and, he is now 
 living in virtual retirement in New Salem, enjoying 
 to the full the fruits of his former years of earnest toil 
 and endeavor. He was formerly a prominent politician 
 and holds a high place in the time-honored Masonic 
 order in his home community. 
 
 The second in order of birth in a family of seven 
 children, Jacob Albright was reared to adult age in 
 his native place, where he attended the public schools 
 and resided until he had reached his twenty-fourth 
 year. He then, in 1884, came to Montana and located in 
 Virginia City. During the first ten years of his resi- 
 dence here he worked for a clothing house on a salary, 
 but in 1895 he purchased the stock of his employers 
 and he now has the only exclusive men’s clothing and 
 furnishing store in Madison county. In politics he is a 
 stalwart Republican and he is an active worker in 
 behalf of the party. In 1894 he was elected treasurer 
 of Madison county and he served as such for a period 
 of four years. In 1902 he was further honored by 
 his fellow citizens with election to representation in 
 the state senate, of which august body he was. a member 
 for eight years. During that period he was responsible 
 for the passage of the present mining laws of Montana, 
 which have been so satisfactory that they have never 
 been amended or changed. He was the father of the 
 bill creating an additional judge for the fifth judicial 
 district. He has also served with efficiency as a member 
 of the Virginia City school board. 
 
 In Virginia City, June 26, 1889, Mr. Albright was 
 united in marriage to Miss Frances E. Gilbert, a daugh- 
 ter of Henry S. and Margaret Gilbert, an old pioneer 
 family in Montana formerl}' of Germantown, Penn- 
 sylvania. Si.x children, three boys and three girls, 
 have been born to this union, as follows, — Richard H., 
 who was graduated in the Butte high school as vale- 
 dictorian of the class of 1911, is now a student in 
 Cornell University; Helen M., a graduate in the public 
 schools of Virginia City, is now teaching school at 
 Home Park ; Florence J. was graduated in the Virginia 
 City high school as valedictorian of the class of 1912 ; 
 and Henry G., Aileen and Clifford W. are all 'attending 
 the graded schools in this city. In religious matters 
 Mr. Albright is a member of the Dutch Reformed 
 church and the remaining members of the family are 
 Episcopalians. 
 
 In a fraternal way Mr. Albright is a prominent Mason, 
 having passed through the circle of the York Rite 
 branch and being past master of blue lodge, high priest 
 of Virginia Chapter, No. i, and eminent commander 
 of Virginia Commandery, No. i. He is likewise a 
 
1280 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 member of I’.agdad Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of 
 the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine at Butte, and is con- 
 nected witli the Benevolent and Protective Order of 
 Elks, in which he is past exalted ruler. He is very 
 fond of walking and of athletic sports, having been 
 formerly a member of a local baseball club. He enjoys 
 a good lecture and is exceedingly fond of theatricals, 
 music and singing. He is a booster for Montana and 
 says : “Montana is large and progressive. Her electric 
 and water power will in time make an opening for the 
 varied industries and her ranch interests will develop 
 into one of the strongest features of the entire state.” 
 He has i)erformed his full share in developing the 
 interests of Montana and Madison county. 
 
 Martin J. Hiugins is a native of Nova Scotia, as 
 both his parents were before him, likewise the twelve 
 brothers and sisters, who made up the rest of the 
 household. John Higgins, was a farmer, who lived to 
 the age of eighty-three, passing from this life on New 
 Years day of the year igio. His wife, Eliza Hay Hig- 
 gins, daughter of William Hay, died in Nova Scotia. 
 
 Martin is the fifth of the Higgins family in point of 
 age, and was born on January 12, 1861. He lived on his 
 father’s farm and attended country school until he was 
 fifteen years of age, and then he was apprenticed to 
 learn the trade of horse-shoeing. Four years were 
 consumed in this training, and at the age of nine- 
 teen, he set out as a journeyman horse-shoer, and 
 worked as a subordinate for a period of five years, and 
 then came to Montana. He reached Helena in 1884, 
 and at once resumed work at his trade and later went 
 into business on his own account in which he was 
 e.xperienced and his enterprise throve. Soon after his 
 arrival Mr. Higgins began to enter into the activities 
 of the Republican party and as his acquaintance in the 
 city progressed, he became a man of influence in the 
 local organization. Politics had always appealed to 
 him, and now his established place in his business en- 
 abled him to give some time to this absorbing avoca- 
 tion. For four years, he was a member of the city 
 council, and in 1908 was elected sheriff of Lewis and 
 Clark county for a term of two years and was re- 
 elected in igio. 
 
 Mr. Higgins has been twice married. His first wife 
 was Maria, the daughter of James Little, a native of 
 Nova Scotia, but a resident of Helena at the time 
 of her marriage. Her two children. Jack and Mar- 
 geurite Higgins, were both born in Helena, one in Au- 
 gust, 1891, and the other in 1894. In March, 1898, at 
 Truro, Canada, Mr. Higgins was united to Miss May 
 Frazier, the daughter of James Frazier of that town. 
 Two children have been born of this marriage, William, 
 in 1901, and Raymond in 1910. 
 
 Mr. Higgins is a member of the Presbyterian church, 
 following the faith of his mother’s people, who were 
 of Scotch extraction, Mr. Higgins’ maternal grand- 
 father William Hay coming from Scotland to Can- 
 ada. His father's father, George Higgins, was an Eng- 
 lishman born, and became the founder of the Amer- 
 ican branch of the family'. 
 
 In lodge circles, Mr. Higgins has an extensive ac- 
 quaintance, as well as a wide popularity. He is a mem- 
 ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the 
 Eagles, the Woodmen of the World, and of the Elks. 
 
 As a public officer, Mr. Higgins exhibits the quali- 
 ties which one has a right to expect of one who has 
 successfully met the world and made his own way in it 
 sin,gle-handed._ He discharges the duties incident to 
 the position with the business-like system and thorough- 
 ness that have achieved his success in commercial pur- 
 suits. 
 
 John Hersey Fairfield, M. D. Distinguished not 
 only as the first physician to locate permanently at 
 Great Falls, but as one of the leading members of 
 
 the medical profession of Cascade county, John Her- 
 sey Fairfield, jM. D., is eminently deserving of special 
 mention m a work of this character. Coming from 
 sturdy' New England stock, he was born, August 17, 
 1856, in Saco, Alaine. He is of English lineage, being 
 a lineal descendant many generations removed of 
 Stephen W. Fairfield, who emigrated from England to 
 America in colonial days. 
 
 His father, the late Capt. John W. Fairfield, was 
 a native of Maine, and during his active life sailed 
 the seas, being master of his vessel. He died in 1861, 
 aged forty years. His widow, whose maiden name 
 was Mary Hersey', was born in Bangor, Maine, in 
 1821. The year following her husband’s death, ’she 
 moved with her family to Minneapolis, Minnesota, 
 and died, at Minneapolis, in 1894, aged seventy-three 
 years. Of her four children, one died in infancy, one 
 at the age of fifteen years, and two grew to years- of 
 maturity. 
 
 John Hersey Fairfield was educated principally in 
 Minneapolis, attending first the public schools, and 
 later the University of Minnesota. Taking up the 
 study of medicine, he went to Philadelphia, and in 
 1880 was graduated from the medical department of 
 the University of Pennsylvania with the degree of 
 M. D. The ensuing two years Dr. Fairfield was resid- 
 ent physician at the Philadelphia Hospital, there gain- 
 ing an experience that proved of inestimable value to 
 him in after years. Returning to Minneapolis in 1882, 
 the doctor continued his practice in that city three 
 years, and in 1884 settled as a physician at Fort Ben- 
 ton, Montana. In 1885 he located at Great Falls, being 
 the pioneer physician and surgeon of this part of Cas- 
 cade county, and has remained here ever since, having 
 through his industry, natural talents and skill built 
 up^ a large and most satisfactory general practice, his 
 office being in the Ford block, while his residence is 
 at 715 Fourth avenue. North. The doctor is a mem- 
 ber of various medical organizations, including the 
 Cascade County, the State, and the American Medical 
 Associations. Fie is a man of excellent business abil- 
 ity and judgment, and has acquired title to large tracts 
 of real_ estate lying in and near Great Falls. 
 
 Politically Dr. Fairfield is an active worker in the 
 Republican ranks, and was one of the organizers of 
 the Republican party of Cascade county. He served 
 as the second mayor of Great Falls, giving the city a 
 clean administration. He was county coroner a num- 
 ber of terms ; was secretary of the County Board of 
 Health in 1909 and 1910; and is now serving as sec- 
 retary of the City Board of Health. Socially he is 
 a member of the Electric City Club. Broad and liberal 
 in his religious views, the doctor is a Unitarian in 
 belief and practice. 
 
 At Aj'lmer, Ontario, Canada, February 20, 1894, Dr. 
 Fairfield married Kate Arkell, a daughter of John 
 Arkell, of that place, and they are the parents of two 
 children, namely: Isabelle Wood Fairfield, born at 
 Great Falls, September 18, 1898; and Jack W, Fair- 
 field, born at Great Falls, October 19, 1900, 
 
 1) 
 
 Wellington D. Rankin. Among the more suc- 
 cessful of the younger members of the legal profession 
 in Montana may be numbered Wellington D. Rankin, 
 of Helena. Though not yet thirty, he has a large and 
 growing practice. Mr. Rankin is a son of a Montana 
 pioneer, his father, John Rankin, who was born in 
 Canada, on the 23d of October, 1848, having come to 
 Montana in 1863. He first located at Fort Benton 
 and then came across the plains and settled in the 
 Bitter Root Valley. He was engaged in the lumber 
 business in Missoula and was well known throughout 
 this part of the state, as he was a bridge contractor, 
 and the bridges he built across many of the streams are 
 still standing. He served in the numerous Indian wars 
 which harassed the early settlers, and his death at the 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1281 
 
 comparatively early age of sixty-three, in 1904, deprived 
 Montana and Missoula of one of their representative 
 men. He married Miss Olive Pickering, -a native of 
 Portsmouth, New Hampshire, born December .12, 1854. 
 Her family came from England in 1635 and settled in 
 New Hampshire, from where they have sent many 
 distinguished soldiers and scholars into various parts 
 of the country. Mrs. Rankin is still living in Missoula. 
 Six daughters and one son were born to her and 
 her husband, all living e.xcept the second daughter, who 
 was born in 1883 and lived but nine years. The girls 
 were all educated at the Montana State University, 
 and then they were sent east to finish their studies at 
 Wellesley, and so reap the benefit of the older environ- 
 ment of which their mother is a native. Harriet Rankin 
 is the wife of Oscar Stedman, but the other daughters 
 live with their mother. Edna Rankin will graduate 
 from Wellesley in 1913. The names of the others are 
 Jeanette, Mary and Grace. 
 
 Wellington D. Rankin was born in Missoula on Sep- 
 tember 16, ,1884. He received his elementary instruc- 
 tion in the Missoula schools, and upon graduation 
 from the high school entered the Montana State Uni- 
 versity. In 1903 he graduated with the degree of B. S. 
 He, too, was sent to the eastern states to take further 
 training, and spent two years in Harvard University, 
 from which he received his A. B. in 1905. After this 
 he had a year in the University of Oxford, and received 
 further training in literature and philosophy. Mr. 
 Rankin entered the Harvard Law School on his return 
 from England and took a three years’ course in that 
 institution, graduating in 1909. 
 
 He then returned to Montana as his eastern sojourn 
 had not impaired his fondness for his native place 
 but had rather made him more appreciative of its 
 unusual opportunities. For two years he worked for 
 the law firm of Walsh and Nolan, but on April i, 
 1911, he began to practice independently in Helena, and 
 took a suite of offices in the Gold Block. From the 
 first he has been remarkably successful. During his 
 second year in the law school he was admitted to prac- 
 tice in all courts by taking the bar examination of 
 Massachusetts. He is a member of the county and state 
 bar associations, besides belonging to the national or- 
 ganization. In his political views he is a Progressive 
 and in the campaign of 1912 was chairman of the county 
 committee. He is not a member of any secret orders, 
 but he does belong to the Montana Club. He is inter- 
 ested in mining and owns several mines, both coal and 
 gold producing. 
 
 On March 2, 1910, was solemnized the marriage of 
 Mr. Rankin and Miss Elizabeth Wallace, the daughter 
 of Mr. and Mrs. William Wallace of Helena. 
 
 Frederick Bubser. Prominent among the Broad- 
 water county officials who have won a record for long, 
 faithful and efficient public service is Frederick Bubser, 
 of Townsend, for the oast fourteen years clerk of the 
 district TOurt of the ninth judicial district, and again 
 elected in 1912. A native of Illinois, he was born, 
 December 25, 1863. in Rockford, Winnebago county, 
 coming on both sides of the house of German ances- 
 try. 
 
 His father, the late Christian Bubser. was born and 
 educated in Germany, immigrating to the United States 
 as a young man, he chose Illinois as his place ot loca- 
 tion, and was there a resident until his death, in 1901. 
 He married Fernandina Albert, who was born in Ger- 
 manjf and died in Rockford, Illinois. Eleven children 
 were born to them, as follows : Albert, of Chicago, Illi- 
 nois ; Elizabeth, wife of Simon Ploegher, of Rockford, 
 Illinois Louis B., a plumber in Rockford; Frederick, the 
 subject of this brief biographical sketch; Joseph, who 
 died at Anaconda, Montana, in 1901 ; Lillian, wife of 
 Frank Schicker, of Beloit, Wisconsin; Caroline, deceased 
 tvife of John Enderle, of Rockford, Illinois ; Edward C., 
 
 a carriage manufacturer in Rockford, Illinois; George 
 J., a plumber in Rockford, Illinois, and owner of the 
 Rockford baseball team of the Illinois and Wisconsin 
 League ; Frank C., a bookkeeper and accountant at Be- 
 loit, Wisconsin; and Mary, who died in infancy. 
 
 Completing his early education in the Rockford, Illi- 
 nois high school, Frederick Bubser worked with his fa- 
 ther for four years, obtaining a practical knowledge of 
 the lumber trade. On attaining his majority, he left 
 home, and having formed a favorable opinion of the 
 future development of Montana came directly to this 
 state in search of a business opening. Locating at 
 White Sulphur Springs, he was there employed as a clerk 
 until the spring of 18^. Transferring his residence in 
 that year to Townsend, Broadwater count}^ Mr. Bubser 
 continued here as a clerk for five years, when, in 1893, 
 he launched into business on his own account, becom- 
 ing proprietor of the Commercial Hotel. He managed 
 it successfully until the coming of the panic, when he 
 closed out, and accepted a position as a hotel clerk. In 
 1898 Mr. Bubser was elected, on the Democratic ticket, 
 as clerk of the district court of the ninth judicial dis- 
 trict of Broadwater county, an office which he has since 
 filled continuously, having been re-elected each term 
 by a good majority of the votes polled. Fraternally he 
 is an active member of the Woodmen of the World, 
 in which he has held all the offices. 
 
 Mr. Bubser is a baseball enthusiast, and is fond of 
 fishing and hunting. He is a member of the Anglers 
 Club, which has for its principal object the stocking 
 of the streams of Broadwater county, and the preserv- 
 ing of game fish, the club in its first year having placed 
 one hundred thousand fish in the streams and lakes. 
 
 Charles H. Marsh was born in Gallatin county, 
 Kentucky, on the twenty-seventh day of February, 
 1861. He is the son of William B. Marsh, who was 
 born and bred in Kentucky although in his veins ran 
 the best blood of old Virginia. The breeding of the 
 Virginian together with the determination of the Ken- 
 tuckian gave to him and his descendants a legacy that 
 nothing can take from them and that keeps them for- 
 ever^ moving onward. Money he never had, but he left 
 to his son something much more worth while, the abil- 
 ity to win both vvealth and prominence for himself. 
 The parents of William Marsh had moved from Vir- 
 ginia to Kentucky in the pioneer days of that fair state. 
 When his son was eleven years of age he moved his 
 own little family to Missouri. At that time, railroads 
 were scarce and money scarcer so they made the jour- 
 ney by wagon leaving m the mind of the growing boy 
 a realistic memory or the prairie schooner and the 
 long rocky trail. They settled at Independence w-here 
 the^ father procured a farm which he tended in person 
 until he reached the ripe old age of eighty-two. His 
 wife was to him, always, a perfect helpmate — an ideal 
 pioneer mother. She was Miss Maria Hilton of Litch- 
 field. Illinois. When a small child, her parents took her 
 to St. Louis. The next year there broke out that most 
 dread epidemic, cholera. It carried away both parents 
 leaving the little girl helpless and penniless. An uncle 
 in Kentucky took her and reared her as his own. It 
 was here that she met and married her husband. From 
 the first the pioneer life was to her liking. She lived 
 to be eighty-two, passing away in 1908, six years after 
 the death of her husband. 
 
 _The son, Charles H., attended the public schools of 
 Kentucky and Missouri and later the Kansas City 
 Commercial College of Kansas City, Missouri. In 
 1884, he left home for the first time, going to Helena. 
 Montana. He started out to do for himself, having 
 neither money, e.xperience nor prospects but the west 
 was on the lookout for ambitious young men. He 
 accepted gladly,_ the first work offered him — on the 
 ranch in the Prickly Pear valley. A few months later 
 he beard: of great prospects about fhe placer mines and 
 
1282 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 moved on to Jefferson county. Here he drove a four 
 horse team hauling charcoal, but work meant money 
 and money life. He was not above putting his hand 
 to any respectable labor that offered itself. In 1884, 
 he entered the employ of the Northern Pacific Railway. 
 At first he was engine watcher. He remained with the 
 company for fifteen years during which tiine he became 
 fireman and then engineer, running an engine for twelve 
 years. Even now he retains his membership in the 
 P>rotlierhood of Locomotive Engineers. 
 
 In February of 1911, after he had been running an 
 engine for several years and had found that he might 
 make for himself a home, he returned to Missouri and 
 married the girl for whom he had gone forth to make 
 good. This young lady was May Douglas of Buckner, 
 the daughter of James Douglas, one of the best known 
 citizens of those parts. Mr. Douglas was a soldier of 
 the Confederacy during the late war, and was, at one 
 time, severely wounded. He had joined in the rush 
 for gold in forty-nine, like most of the rest, reaching 
 the far west a trifle too late. On his return he had 
 married Plenrietta Dickson of Virginia, who became 
 the mother of May Douglas. 
 
 Mr. Marsh took his young bride back to Missoula 
 where, during several years, he had been boarding 
 when off the road. Here they made for themselves a 
 permanent home. In November of the same year 
 there was born to them: a daughter whom they called 
 Hilda Frances. In '93 came the son, Walton, named 
 for a brother of Mr. Marsh, and in January, 1910, was 
 born their youngest boy, Douglas, who bears his 
 mother’s maiden name. 
 
 With the coming of the little ones the father's desire 
 to leave the road increased. He longed to be so 
 situated that more of his time might be devoted to his 
 family. In 1899 he had purchased a half interest in the 
 business of Flays & Haverfield, livery and under- 
 taking. In September of 1901 he purchased the re- 
 maining half, owned at that time by Mr. Hays, and 
 took into partnership with him, his brother, Mr. Wal- 
 ton Marsh. In 1903, he purchased his brother’s interest 
 in the business and managed it alone until the son 
 became of sufficient age to aid him. In 1908, he sold 
 the livery business and has since devoted himself en- 
 tirely to the undertaking department. At present, he 
 operates the largest business of tliis nature in the city 
 of Missoula. 
 
 In 1904, he was elected coroner for his county and 
 is now serving his fourth term. Although an active Re- 
 publican in his political persuasion he has seemed to all 
 parties the most fitting person for this position. 
 
 He is an active Mason and a member of the Shrine, 
 a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
 and of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, F. 
 O. E., and Royal Highlanders. 
 
 A little more than a quarter of a century ago, Charles 
 II. Marsh came to Montana, alone, without influence and 
 penniless. At the present time, he is at the head of one 
 of the thriving business concerns of the city, is popular 
 in political and lodge circles and is in a position to give 
 to his children most of those opportunities that he so 
 longed for during his own youth. Opportunity knocked 
 at his door, perhaps, but she did not knock loudly nor 
 more than once. Even so he must have heard. 
 
 Albert F. Furstnow. Probably no business man 
 in Miles City has brought the name of that city before 
 a greater number of people than has Albert F. Furst- 
 now, more intimately known, perhaps, as “Al,” whose 
 saddles and horse furnishings are well known all over 
 the world, he having been engaged to fit out expedi- 
 tions of various kinds, and in every instance demon- 
 strating the superior quality of his product. Mr. 
 Furstnow is one of the most progressive and enter- 
 prising citizens of Miles City, one who has prospered 
 
 in business and has earned success by his natural abil- 
 ity, sagacity and well-established reputation for in- 
 tegrity and .honorable dealing. He was born in Fond 
 du Lac, Fond du Lac county, Wisconsin, February 22, 
 1862, and is a son of Charles A. and Albertine L. 
 (Colby) Furstnow, whose father held a prominent of- 
 ficial position in Germany for many years. 
 
 Charles A. Furstnow was born in the province of 
 Brandenburg, Germany, on February 28, 1826, and in 
 his native country was a close friend and neighbor of 
 Carl Schurz. After the latter had participated in the 
 the revolutionary movements in the Palatinate and at 
 Baden, in the early part of 1849 and had been forced 
 to flee to Switzerland to escape arrest, Mr. Furstnow 
 accompanied him and came to the United States in 
 1852. Mr. Schurz locating at Madison, Wisconsin, 
 while Mr. Furstnow settled at Fond du Lac, being 
 there engaged in the saddlery business, a trade which 
 he had learned in his native country. He continued to 
 be so engaged until 1896, when he formed a partner- 
 ship with his son, August FL, under the firm name 
 of Charles A. Furstnow & Son, and engaged in the 
 manufacture of jewelry, in which he continued until 
 his death, on November 28, 1910. Fie was a member 
 of the Evangelical church, was a prominent Odd Fel- 
 low and had other fraternal connections, and in his 
 political inclinations was a Democrat until the elec- 
 tion of President Cleveland, when he became a Re- 
 publican. He was married to Albertine L. Colby, 
 who was born in the city of Berlin, Germany, on De- 
 cember 24, 1837, and she passed away December 24, 
 1906, having been the mother of five children, as fol- 
 lows : Cltarles A., born in 1853, who lost his life in 
 a railroad accident on June 26, 1870; Emma, the wife 
 of Charles Lucke, of Chicago; Albert F., of this re- 
 view; August H., engaged in the jewelry business at 
 F'ond du Lac ; and Herman, president of the Furstnow 
 Ring Company, manufacturing jewelers of that city. 
 
 Albert F. Furstnow was educated in the public 
 schools of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, and there learned 
 the trade of a saddler with his father, with whom he 
 continued until 1887. In that year he went to St. Paul, 
 Minnesota, where he continued to work at his trade 
 for about a year, and then traveled on to Cheyenne, 
 Wyoming, where he entered the employ of G. H. and 
 J. S. Collins and was eventually promoted to the posi- 
 tion of foreman of their business establishment. 
 
 In 1884 he first came to Miles City, Montana, to 
 enter the employ of E. Gottlich, with whom he con- 
 tinued for some time, and here he made the first fine 
 flower-stamped saddle manufactured in Miles City, 
 for Lord Sidney Padgett and Leight Remington, of 
 the Remington Arms Company. Discontinuing his 
 connection with the Gottlich establishment, Mr. Furst- 
 now re-entered the service of G. H. and J. S. Collins, 
 becoming foreman of their shops at Omaha, Nebraska, 
 and while in their employ outfitted Buffalo Bill’s Wild 
 West Show for the Paris Exposition. After spending 
 another year at Cheyenne, Mr. Furstnow went to 
 San F'rancisco, but in 1892 returned to Miles City, and 
 until 1894 was connected with the Robbins & Lenoir 
 Saddle Company. That year marked his venturing 
 into busines on his own responsibility, in which he 
 has since continued. He is the designer and manu- 
 facturer of the original Al Furstnow Saddles, which 
 are known for their excellence and beauty in this and 
 other countries. He has stock saddles to order and 
 carries a full line of up-to-date horse furnishings of 
 every varietv. Flis large and perfectly equipped es- 
 tablishment is located in his own building at No. 506-08 
 Main street. This fine two-story double brick build- 
 ing he built for his own use in the business. It is one 
 of the fine buildings of the city, and has a solid plate 
 glass front for show purposes, and in his windows is 
 displayed the finest exhibition of saddlery, harness and 
 leather trappings that will be found in the state of 
 

 "L 
 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 •t 
 
 
 

 
 
 AL. FURSTNOW’S SADDLERY. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1283 
 
 Montana. His products, especially the A 1 Furstnow 
 saddles, are used throughout the civilized world, es- 
 pecially in the western states and in old Mexico, and 
 many shipments go to foreign countries, their export 
 trade being particularly heavy. Mr. Furstnow also 
 carries a complete stock of imported bags of all kinds, 
 and in his stock may be found the latest designs in 
 wardrobe trunks. No city in the United States has 
 a better or more costly assortment of leather goods 
 of every description, and his display of these goods 
 would do credit to any establishment of the kind in 
 the country. The building is equipped with the latest 
 machinery and appurtenances known to the trade, and 
 they are in every way prepared to turn out the finest 
 of work. Mr. Furstnow employs none but the most 
 skilled artisans, and this fact, combined with the ex- 
 cellence of the raw material used in his shops, assures 
 the purchasers of the best possible products. 
 
 Mr. Furstnow is a Republican, and his fraternal re- 
 lations are represented by his membership in the Miles 
 City Lodge, No. 537, B. P. O. E., and Crusader Lodge, 
 No. 7, Knights of Pythias, in both of which he is 
 prominent and popular. 
 
 On December 20, 1885, he was united in marriage 
 with Miss Jda J. Sexmith, who was born in Belle- 
 ville, Ontario, daughter of John and Susan (Valou) 
 Sexmith. The father, who was a lumber merchant 
 in Fond du Lac for many years, died at the age of 
 eighty-two years, while the latter passed away at the 
 age of sixty-five. They had twelve children, of which 
 number Mrs. Furstnow was the youngest. To Mr. 
 and Mrs. Furstnow three children have been born : 
 Edna, Alta and Charles. The second daughter, Alta, 
 is deceased, having passed away at the age of twenty- 
 three years. 
 
 CoL. James A. McGowan. iMany men have had 
 the m^emory of their lives and work perpetuated in 
 monuments of stone or bronze, and these will endure 
 for many years, but think of the glory of leaving 
 behind one a monument that one has himself erected, 
 a monument that has been one’s life work, and one 
 which will result in the happiness' of many people for 
 many generations. No, this is not a great university, 
 or a church, or a library, but a town. Such is the 
 monument that stands to the memory of Col. James 
 A. McGowan, the founder and developer of the town 
 of Plains, Montana. This thriving town owes its 
 very existence to him, and every progressive step that 
 has been taken in the life of the town has been taken 
 at the behest of Colonel McGowan. He was ambi- 
 tious, a shrewd business man, far-seeing, confident of 
 the future of the country, the very spirit of progress, 
 and since his motto was “Every dollar that I make here 
 I will reinvest in Plains,” the growth and development 
 of the town is not to be wondered at. In all of his 
 business dealings, perhaps his most striking character- 
 istic, was not his keen insight into the hearts of the 
 men with whom he was negotiating, or the magnitude 
 of the plans which evolved themselves in his brain, 
 but his honorable and honest methods. The very 
 presence of such a man in the business world is a 
 benediction. The object lesson which he offered, of 
 an honest man steadily gaining in wealth and power, 
 was of inestimable benefit, not only in encouraging 
 young men just starting out in life, to turn aside 
 from the tempting places that would lead them out of 
 the straight path of honor, but also in giving to those 
 men who were successful, but who had won their 
 success by wandering from the straight and narrow 
 path, an impulse to turn away from the pleasant 
 places and try again the road that had seemed so 
 hard to their weak feet. To accomplish such a work 
 as this is enough for any man, but the good that he 
 did can not be described in detail and in the snace of 
 this brief sketch, it is impossible to pav him the trib- 
 
 voi. n— 2 s 
 
 ute which he deserves without being suspected of 
 adulation. 
 
 James Alexander McGowan was born in Malone, 
 Eranklin county. New York, on the 5th of March, 
 1852. He was a son of a farmer, James McGowan, 
 who like so many others was not permitted to die in 
 peace on the farm, but met his death on the battle- 
 field, fighting for the preservation of the Union. He 
 served throughout the greater part of the war, being 
 killed at Port Blakely, on the 5th of April, 1865. His 
 wife’s maiden name was Mary Annie Rogers, and she 
 survived her husband many years, dying in 1898. 
 Colonel IMcGowan's elementary education was ob- 
 tained in the public schools of New York State, and 
 his higher education was had in the Wesleyan Semi- 
 nary at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, from which institu- 
 tion he was graduated in 1868. Upon leaving school 
 he entered a lumber office, and inside of three years 
 had acquired a pretty general knowledge of the ways 
 of the business world. He then determined to start 
 out for himself. 
 
 He saw that the contracting business not only offered 
 opportunities in itself, but that it offered a chance to 
 see the great west, which he had come to believe held 
 vast possibilities. He therefore came west with the 
 building of the Northern Pacific railway. It was 
 while he was a contractor that he first came to Mon- 
 tana, having in hand a large contract through the 
 extreme western part of the state. He was success- 
 ful in this task, but when the road was built across 
 the state, he had become so interested in the future 
 of the country, and so infatuated with its possibilities, 
 that he decided to remain, and therefore settled_ at 
 Plains, Montana. This little town was at that time 
 what S. M. Fox would call “deliciously frantic,” for 
 it was the outfitting center for the Coeur d’Alene 
 mining district, and was one of the booming towns of 
 the west. IMr. McGowan, however did not care for 
 Thompson. He did not settle at Thompson Falls, but 
 at Plains. He did, however, buy some property at 
 Thompson Falls, and in 1884 he moved to “Wild 
 Horse Plains” valley. Here he opened up a tiny 
 store, one of the first in the section. This modest 
 establishment was on the site of the handsome brick 
 structure that houses the big department store of 
 the IMcGowan Commercial Company, which is one of 
 the finest stores of its kind in the west. When he 
 first became a merchant, his stock of goods could be 
 placed in one wagon ; now the ribbons and laces 
 alone would make a good sized load. Colonel Mc- 
 Gowan had only been there a short time, when the 
 advantages of the place for a town site became plain 
 to him. He now had one thought in his mind — to 
 make a real town of Plains. His love for the place 
 grew daily and his enthusiasm was so great that he 
 influenced others with considerable ease to settle in 
 the valley. He was not only interested in developing 
 his business, but in developing the surrounding coun- 
 try. He could now think of no other place where he 
 would prefer to live, and from this time forth every- 
 thing in which he had a hand was done with the 
 expectation that in the future Plains would be a real 
 town. No slipshod structures; everything was per- 
 manent. He was the first man to turn a sod in the 
 valley, and the first to raise a crop. He imported the 
 first self-binder and threshing machine, and often 
 remarked in later years ; “The proudest moment of 
 mv life was on the day that I cut the first swath 
 around my grain field with the self-binder. I was 
 as proud as a king and much happier.” His e.xam- 
 ple inspired others to agricultural pursuits, and soon 
 Colonel hIcGowan had a large colony gathered around 
 him. With one idea, the future of Plains, he worked 
 and toiled, facing defeat, opposition, and actual 
 enmity, and triumphed over all. As the Plainsman 
 says in this , connection ; “He was altogether respon- 
 
1284 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 sible for its beginning; was the inspiration back of 
 the development of its surrounding valleys, and in 
 late years always did more than any other one man 
 for every legitimate undertaking that was for the 
 town’s benefit.” 
 
 In politics Colonel McGowan was a Republican, and 
 when the progressive movement came into being he 
 l)ccanie very prominent in his advocacy of the move- 
 ment. He was an enthusiastic supporter of the direct 
 primary and of the tiirect election of senators. Al- 
 though very active in politics, he did not care for the 
 emoluments of office. The only public office that he 
 ever held in Plains was that of justice of the peace, 
 to which he was elected as the first . magistrate of 
 the town. He only held the office a short time, and 
 refused to consider such honors afterwards. He was 
 the leader in the effort to obtain the segregation of 
 the western end of Missoula county, and the forma- 
 tion of a new county. He fought for this measure 
 through two sessions of the legislature, and finally 
 won. There followed a contest for county seat, be- 
 tween Plains and 'Thompson. 'I'he older towm secured 
 the honor, and the Colonel McGowan showed his broad- 
 ness of mind by never ceasing in his efforts to advance 
 the good of the county, as a whole, in spite of the fact, 
 that he had just been in a furious struggle with a 
 large nuntber of people whom he was now seeking to 
 benefit. 
 
 His generosity and charitableness w^ere well known. 
 He was not only willing to give to every individual 
 who asked, but he gave liberally towards the erection 
 of every church that has been built in Plains. Colonel 
 McGowan married Delia Farmer, a daughter of 
 James and Sarah Farmer. Her parents lived formerly 
 in Ohio, moving to Wisconsin in pioneer days. Her 
 father was a farmer, and was known throughout the 
 country, for his ability as a walker. He thought 
 nothing of walking to town, a distance of miles sev- 
 eral times a day, much preferring this to riding. He 
 served throughout the Civil war, fighting for the 
 Stars and Stripes, and after the war returned home 
 to spend fourteen years in peaceful pursuit of his 
 agricultural life, dying there in 1879, at the age of 
 si.xty-seven. 1 he mother died at the age of eighty- 
 seven. and they lie side by side in the old Wisconsin 
 graveyard. 
 
 Colonel McGowan died in Los Angeles, where he 
 had "one -in search of health, on the ist of April, 
 1911. His funeral, on the 6th of April, was under the 
 charge of the Masonic order. He was a charter mem- 
 ber of the Eastern Star. The Masonic hall was too 
 sinall to hold tjie people, and it was the most impres- 
 sive and imposing funeral procession that the city of 
 Plains had ever seen. The big store and the First 
 National Rank were closed all dav, and every other 
 place of business, including even 'the saloons, which 
 usually require nothing less than an earthquake to 
 close their doors, were closed from noon till five 
 o’clock. How great was the loss felt by the com- 
 munity, mav be .gathered from the following, clipped 
 from a paper published in Missoula, Montana; "West- 
 ern Missoula mourns this morning the passing of 
 one of her foremost citizens. The sorrow occasioned 
 by the death of Colonel McGowan will not be limited 
 by the boundaries of Sanders county; it will extend 
 to all parts of old Missoula county; Ravalli, Mis- 
 soula. Flathead and Lincoln — all these' will mourn with 
 Sanders._ The MissouUan voices the sentiment of all 
 this region when it says that the debt which western 
 Montana o\yes to J. A. McGowan will never be paid 
 because it is too great. Rut the communities which 
 received the benefit of the life work of this man can, 
 and alwa3'S will, retain the memory of his friendship 
 and can, and always will, hold him as a man whose 
 service was to his neighbors and to the community in 
 which he lived.” 
 
 Colonel A'IcGowan was interested in many enter- 
 prises at the time of his death. He owned the pro- 
 gressive paper, published in Plains, The Plainsman, 
 and he held the controlling interest in the McGowan 
 Commercial Company, the electric light and heat- 
 ing plant, the Plains Water Company, and he 
 was president of that very prosperous financial in- 
 stitution, the First National Bank of Plains. In 
 addition to these interests, he was the owner of 
 large real estate properties, both city property and 
 farm and timber land. It would be impossible to give 
 a list of all the enterprises in which Colonel McGowan 
 has been interested and no doubt were he alive he 
 could scarcely enumerate them himself. 
 
 Perhaps the nearest conception of the real greatness 
 and power of this man, may be obtained from the fol- 
 lowing words of H. J. Burleigh, an old time associ- 
 ate of Colonel McGowan ; "Dominated by an un- 
 quenchable spirit of optimism, endowed with a talent 
 for organization and administration akin to genius, 
 unswerving in his faith as to its future, shrewd, enter- 
 prising, broadminded and public spirited in a high 
 degree, James Alexander McGowan devoted his time, 
 energies and talents to the development and upbuild- 
 ing of this community and western Montana during 
 the best and greater portion of his useful life. The 
 growing and thriving town of Plains is a splendid and 
 enduring monument to his genius and enterprise. 
 Public spirited and generous to a fault, no call upon 
 his abilities or means, looking to the development, 
 prosperity and welfare of the community, was ever 
 made in vain. The response was immediate and the 
 contribution generously large. 
 
 “He was the originator and leading spirit in exten- 
 sive and important business enterprises in which he 
 achieved a marked success and accumulated a modest 
 fortune. All he made and all he had was gained iii 
 this community, and it is but simple justice to his 
 memory to say that, so largely was he identified with 
 and so great was his love for this community, so 
 enduring and unfaltering his faith in it, its future 
 and its people, that no part of his accumulations was 
 or is invested outside of it, and in the final disposi- 
 tion of his property, his investments will remain as 
 a valuable and important asset to the community for 
 years to come. •« 
 
 “He was pre-eminently a builder; time and the future 
 will show that he builded on a sound and enduring 
 foundation and much better than he knew. His sound 
 judgment in shaping and guiding the activities and 
 affairs of the community, will be .greatly missed; his 
 untimelv demise leaves a vacant place difficult to fill. 
 In his death Plains has sustained the loss of one of her 
 most loyal citizens and the best of friends.” 
 
 So passed from among us one who had made his life 
 count. His widow lives to mourn his death, making 
 her home in the town which received the lifelong- 
 effort of her husband. 
 
 William H. Smead. Energetic, enterprising and 
 progressive, William H. Smead, a prosperous business 
 man of Missoula, possesses to a marked degree the 
 public spirit and force of character that renders him 
 an important factor in promoting the welfare of his 
 community, and occupies a place of prominence among 
 the representative men of the city. He was born. 
 May 25, 1863, in Beetown, Wisconsin, and there 
 spent his childhood. His parents, Asa and Eunice 
 (Cap well) Smead, were both born and reared in Penn- 
 sylvania, but subsequently settled in Wisconsin, where 
 the death of the mother occurred in 1871. The father 
 survived her many years, passing away in Blooming- 
 ton, Wisconsin, in 1O05, aged eighty-six years. 
 
 Receiving his preliminary education in the public 
 schools of Wisconsin and Illinois, W. H. Smead sub- 
 sequently completed the literary and scientific courses 
 
.. * 5 ’ •* 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1285 
 
 at the University of Illinois. Going then to Rock- 
 ford, Illinois, he was employed with the People’s 
 Bank until 1884, when he started westward in search 
 of a favorable opening. Locating at Dillon, Montana, 
 he worked for John W. Lowell Company for a year, 
 and then embarked in business on his own account, 
 organizing the Dillon Lumber & Grain Company, with 
 which he was associated until 1891. Coming in that 
 year to Missoula, Mr. Smead organized the State 
 Lumber Company, which operated mills in the west- 
 ern part of the state. At the same time he became 
 associated with the develooment of the lum’oer manu- 
 facturing business at Kalispell, IMontana,' and with 
 the mining operations of Spring Gulch. Disposing of 
 his interests in those industries in the spring of 1894, 
 Mr. Smead was elected state senator, and served ably 
 and satisfactorily in the fourth and fifth sessions of 
 the state senate. Being then appointed United States 
 Indian agent at the Flathead reservation, Mr. Smead 
 filled the important and responsible position for seven 
 years, performing the duties devolving upon him 
 faithfully and efficiently. Returning then to Missoula, 
 he has since been_ actively and successfully engaged in 
 the real estate, insurance and loan business, being 
 one of the best known men in his line in the county. 
 
 Mr. Smead married, in 1886, Antoinette C. Car- 
 michael, of Rockford, Illinois, and into their house- 
 hold two children have been born, namely : Helen A., 
 w'ho was graduated from the University of Montana; 
 and William Burton, engaged in business in Missoula. 
 Mr. Smead is a member of the Missoula Chamber of 
 Commerce, and of the Benevolent and Protective Or- 
 der of Elks. At the present lime he is not holding any 
 public office, but several years since he served ac- 
 ceptably on the Missoula board of education. 
 
 Gerald Maitl.ind Kirwan. Man}^ of the finest 
 ranches of Custer county are located on the banks of 
 the Tongue river, where exceptional advantages are 
 offered those engaged in the cattle and sheep business, 
 and among these may be found the well-irrigated prop- 
 erty of Gerald Maitland Kirwan, a cattleman of 
 nearly thirty years experience. Mr Kirwan came to 
 this locality when the land was practically in its infancy, 
 and during his long residence here has identified him- 
 self with the movements that have served to develop 
 the natural resources of the county. Mr. Kirwan is 
 a native of Scotland, w^as born January i, 1861, a son of 
 Charles and Matilda (Maitland) Kirwan, both of 
 whom are deceased. Mr. Kirwan was a native of 
 County _Mayp, Ireland, where he owned a large estate, 
 while his wife was born in Scotland. They w'ere the 
 parents of nine childreji, of whom seven are living, 
 Gerald M. being the youngest. 
 
 Gerald M._ Kirw'an was given good educational ad- 
 vantages, being sent to England to school, and when 
 twenty years of age turned his face to the New World 
 and came to the United States. First locating in 
 Plymouth county, Iowa, he was there successfull}’- en- 
 gaged in farming and stock raising until 1884, which 
 year saw his advent in Montana. He settled in Custer 
 county on the Tongue river, where he soon built uo an 
 excellent business, and from 1896 until the fall of 1911 
 carried on operations on the open range. At that time, 
 however, he returned to his Tongue river property, 
 where he now resides. Mr. Kirwan belongs to that 
 class of citizens who, coming to a new country, readily 
 adapt themselves to its habits and customs and make 
 for the best type of citizenship. He has been successful 
 in his ventures, due to a persistence of effort, and the 
 exercise of honorable business methods in all his 
 dealings that have won the confidence of those with 
 whom he has come in contact. During his residence 
 in Custer county he has made numerous friends. 
 
 On December 18, 1894, Mr. Kirwan was married to 
 
 Miss Charlotte Allerton, a native of New York City, 
 and they have one son : Gerald. 
 
 WiLLi.wi D. Fenner. It is entirely within the 
 province of true history to commemorate and perpet- 
 uate the lives and character, the achievements and 
 honor of the illustrious citizens of the state. High on 
 the_ roll of those whose efforts have made the history 
 of insurance in southwestern Montana a work of sub- 
 stantiality appears the name of William D. Fenner, 
 who is district manager for the Equitable Life Insur- 
 ance Company, with headquarters at Butte, Montana. 
 Mr. Fenner is strictly a self-made man, his education 
 and success in life having been obtained through his 
 own well directed efforts. He is an active participant 
 in public affairs at Butte, his intrinsic loyalty to all 
 matters affecting the good of the general welfare hav- 
 ing ever been of the most insistent order. 
 
 William Dryden Fenner was born at Hillsboro, 
 Highland county, Ohio, July 31, 1861. The Fenner 
 family is an old settled one in Pennsylvania. He is a 
 son of John Dryden and Henrietta (Rhoades) Fenner, 
 both of whom passed to the life eternal at Los Angeles, 
 California, the mother in i8gi and the father in 1908, 
 whither they went to spend the declining years of their 
 lives. John D. Fenner was a native of Pennsylvania 
 and was a pioneer settler in Highland county, Ohio, 
 where he followed farming and became prominent dur- 
 ing the greater part of his active career and for several 
 terms was the popular and efficient incumbent of the 
 office of county assessor of Highland county. The 
 mother of John DrjMen Fenner was a Dryden of 
 Scotch descent and a member of one of the leading 
 families of Virginia. The maternal great-grandmother 
 of William D. Fenner was a resident of Virginia, and 
 a relative of Gen. Arthur St. Clair and he a relative 
 of the Duke of Roslyn, who possessed, a large estate in 
 England. Thomas H. Rhoades, the father of Henrietta 
 Rhoades and maternal grandfather of William D. Fen- 
 ner, came from England of a family of traders and 
 vessel owners, and settled near Culpepper Court House, 
 Virginia, and served in the Revolutionary war. Later 
 he removed to Hillsboro, Highland county, Ohio, where 
 he resided the rest of his life. He and his wife be- 
 came the parents of ten children, of whom William D. 
 was the sixth in order of birth and five of whom are 
 living in igi2. 
 
 To the public schools of his native place _ Mr. Fen- 
 ner, of this notice, is indebted for his preliminary edu- 
 cational training and subsequently he pursued a com- 
 mercial course in the Nelson Business College, at Cin- 
 cinnati, Ohio, being graduated in the latter institution 
 in 1876. He paid his business college expenses with 
 money he had earned himself, and after his graduation 
 accepted a position in the large dry goods store _ of 
 Rhoades & Hubbs, at Paducah, Kentucky, remaining 
 with that concern ' until 1880. In the latter year he 
 went to Kansas City, where he secured a position in 
 the dry goods store of Bulline, Moore & Emery, being 
 department manager for that firm for the ensuing four 
 years, at the expiration of which he'came to Butte as 
 buyer for the firm of Sands & Boyce. When the Hen- 
 nessy Mercantile Company was founded in Butte, in 
 18 — , Mr. Fenner succeeded Sam Courtney as cloak and 
 suit buyer for the M. J. Connell Company establishment. 
 Subsequently he became general buyer for the M. J. Con- 
 nell Company, retaining the latter position for a num- 
 ber of years. 
 
 In 1898 Mr. Fenner was offered the position of dis- 
 trict manager for the Equitable Life Insurance Com- 
 pany, his territory to cover southwestern Montana and 
 his headquarters to be at Butte. He accepted that 
 offer, and for the past fourteen years has acquitted 
 himself wuth honor and distinction in that capacity. 
 Positive proof of his ability to handle the business 
 entrusted to his care is shown when it is stated that 
 
128(5 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 he has always been a representative to the National 
 Insurance Convention, that honor being awarded only 
 to those agency managers and directors who have se- 
 cured the greatest amount of business. The conven- 
 tion is one of international importance in the life in- 
 surance field. 
 
 Mr. Fenner has also been a leading factor in many 
 positions of trust politically. He was elected as aider- 
 man to represent the Fourth ward in Butte, that being 
 one of the largest ta.x paying districts in the city, and 
 as the incumbent of that position he fought honestly, 
 conscientiously and vigorously for the rights and in- 
 terests of his constituents. In 1910 he was nominated, 
 on the Republican ticket, for the office of county treas- 
 urer, and met defeat at the polls by but seventeen votes. 
 He has also been requested to make the run for the 
 office of mayor of Butte, but has constantly refused 
 to do so. He is one of the leaders of the Republican 
 party in this section of the state and has served as 
 chairman of the city Republican central committee. 
 There are but few men in Butte who are so popular 
 with their fellow citizens as is Mr. Fenner. He is 
 loyal and public spirited to an unusual degree, and no 
 matter projected for the good of the general welfare 
 ever fails of his heartiest support. 
 
 For a number of years Mr. Fenner was a member 
 of the Clerks’ Union at Butte, but in 1901 was obliged 
 to give up his work connected with that organization 
 on account of the increased demands upon his time in 
 the insurance field. He is affiliated with the Woodmen 
 of the World and the Silver Bow Club. His favorite 
 recreation is hunting for “big” game in the mountains, 
 and in this connection he has met with unusual success. 
 
 At Butte, December 10, 1884, Mr. Fenner was mar- 
 ried to Miss Lulu C. Gilbert, who was born at Weston, 
 Missouri, July i, 1863. Mrs. Fenner is a daughter of 
 William H. and Elizabeth Jane Gilbert, formerly resi- 
 dents of Leavenworth, Kansas, where their respective 
 deaths occurred. Mr. and Mrs. Fenner have one 
 daughter, Willie Louise Fenner, born April 20, 1893. 
 and graduated in the classical course of the Butte high 
 school in 1912. 
 
 Ihua) F. Buck is one of the younger enthusiasts who 
 believe in the unlimited resources of the great state 
 of Montana, and he has thus far in his life devoted 
 himself to a field of Jabor which gives him opportunity 
 to assist in the development and settling of the Treas- 
 ure state. As a boy of fifteen he chose engineering for 
 his life work, and though he has not yet reached his 
 thirtieth year, he has placed to his credit worthy ac- 
 complishments in his profession, and is at present hold- 
 ing the highly responsible position of city engineer of 
 Missoula. 
 
 A native product of the state, Mr. Buck was born in 
 Stcvensville, R.ivalli county, Montana, on March i, 
 1^4. Fie is the son of Henry and Clara (Elliott) Buck. 
 The father was Iiorn in Michigan and came to Montana 
 in i868. where he has been identified with the growth 
 and progress of the state since that time. He is rec- 
 ognized as one of the substantial pioneers of the state 
 and enjoys an honorable reputation wherever he is 
 known. He first settled in the Bitter Root valley and 
 for a number of years followed various lines of in- 
 dustry, — mining, freighting, ranching, etc. Later he 
 became interested in the mercantile business and lo- 
 cated at Stevensville. where he continued until 1911. 
 enjoying a pleasing degree of prosperity. In that year 
 he withdrew from the business, although he still re- 
 tains an interest in it, and he is now engaged in the 
 orchard business. His wife, who was the daughter of 
 a pioneer family of the state, died in 1879 at the age 
 of tliirty-nine years. She left two children, — Fred E. 
 of this review ; Clarence, who is a deputy in the office 
 of his brother, city engineer of Missoula. 
 
 Lffitil he was fifteen years of age, Mr. Buck attended 
 
 the public schools of Stevensville, after which he came 
 to Missoula and entered the State University. He took 
 a three year preparatory course, which he followed 
 with a four year collegiate course, and in 1906 he was 
 graduated from that institution, receiving the degree of 
 Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering. For 
 one year after his graduation he remained in the uni- 
 versity as instructor in the engineering department, 
 after which he was sent out on the Black Feet Indian 
 Reservation as United States Deputy Land Surveyor, 
 which work he continued in for almost a year. He was 
 then transferred for a year to the Flat Head Indian 
 Reservation as surveyor for the appraising commission. 
 When this work was completed Mr. Buck decided to 
 take a post graduate course in engineering, and he ac- 
 cordingly spent one year in the University of California 
 in study. When he returned to Missoula he became 
 connected with the W. FI. Smead Locating Company 
 and was occupied in gathering information with refer- 
 ence to the Flat Head Indian reservation. He con- 
 tinued with the work for about eighteen months, and in 
 June, 1910, was appointed city engineer of Missoula, 
 which office he has held since that time and is still its 
 incumbent. During the time that Mr. Buck has been 
 acting in this capacity, many and important are the re- 
 forms he has brought about in the department. Previ- 
 ous to his incumbency the office had been conducted 
 along the line of least resistance, and its duties dis- 
 charged in a most perfunctory manner ; but the elec- 
 tion of Mr. Buck meant changes of a radical nature. 
 Not only has he improved the work for the city, but 
 he has made a record for himself as an engineer of abil- 
 ity and as a safe man to handle the affairs of the city 
 in his line of business. Mr. Buck has introduced a new 
 system of street grades, and has kept a complete rec- 
 ord of all works performed since he has been in office, 
 — a fact worthy of mention in the light of the circum- 
 stance that no records were kept in the office previous 
 to his election to it. He has compiled a complete rec- 
 ord of sidewalk curbs, house numbers, etc., and he has 
 introduced a new system for keeping the records of all 
 sewer cbnnection, as well as numerous other reforms 
 of a similar nature. On the whole, his tenure of office 
 thus far has been of a nature most satisfactory to the 
 citv and of the greatest credit to himself. 
 
 In connection with his work in the university, Mr. 
 Buck has had some interesting experiences while on 
 surveying trips in the northern part of the state. On 
 one occasion he surveyed the battlefield where the Nez 
 Perce Indians were captured by General Miles after 
 the Big Hole battle. 
 
 Mr. Buck is of a particularly energetic and ambitious 
 nature, and he has never been an idler. As a small 
 boy he had a hobby for gardening, and in conjunction 
 with his school work did a good deal of gardening in his 
 home town. He gave his particular attention to ber- 
 ries, and his labors were so successful that he was able 
 to supply a regular trade with his berries, and he 
 earned considerable money in that way up to the time 
 of his leaving home to attend the university. 
 
 Mr. Buck is a stanch Progressive and is always ac- 
 tive in the interests of that party. He is recognized as 
 one of the strong forces of Progressivism in his 
 district and is known as a fighter of wit and resource 
 in matters of a political nature. He is an ardent 
 sportsman, and there is no form of sport that does 
 not appeal to him. He loves horses, — he rides, drives, 
 shoots and fishes. He is a tennis enthusiast of no small 
 ability. Music, theatricals, literature. — all find an ardent 
 support in him. He is particularly addicted to the 
 study of scientific literature and has a splendid library 
 devoted in a great measure to scientific works. He is 
 a member of the Masonic fraternity, being associated 
 with the blue lod.ge and chapter, and is a member of 
 the Si.ffma Chi. his college fraternity, and the Silent 
 Sentinel, a local fraternity. 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1287 
 
 Roy H. Fuller. One of the youngest, if not indeed 
 the youngest, man Montana ever elected to fill the office 
 of county treasurer, Roy H. Fuller, at the age of twenty- 
 eight, has attained a certain distinction in a political 
 way and is undeniably one of the most popular and 
 promising young men of the state. Born on October 
 31, 1884, in Deer Lodge Valley, Montana, Roy H. Fuller 
 is the son of Charles W. and Nellie B. (Miller) Fuller, 
 the father born in Pitkin, Colorado, and the mother in 
 New York City. 
 
 Charles W. Fuller was a civil engineer and a miner, 
 and he has the distinction of having brought in the 
 first steam sawmill ever introduced into Montana. Fie 
 has led a busy life in the west, but is now retired from 
 active business pursuits and with his wife resides at 
 Cleary, Alaska. 
 
 When Roy H. Fuller was six years of age he began 
 to attend the Butte schools and he continued there until 
 he was sixteen years of age, when he was graduated 
 from the grammar school of the city. He then entered 
 high school at Sheridan, Montana, and was nineteen 
 years old when he was graduated from that school. 
 He then spent four years in the state college at Boze- 
 man, Montana, graduating in due season, and work- 
 ing his way through college by working Saturdays and 
 Sundays, and other odd moments, in a Bozeman drug 
 store. When he arrived in Bozeman preparatory to en- 
 tering college, he was equipped with fifteen dollars in 
 cash, which represented his only tangible assets, but 
 the fund of courage and determination which he pos- 
 sessed, in conjunction with his splendid physical strength 
 and his alert and comprehensive mind, made it pos- 
 sible for him to get through his course there in the 
 prescribed time, earning his own way through, and 
 finding time for some of the pleasures incident to col- 
 lege life at the same time. The spirit which character- 
 ized his college career has been manifest in his in- 
 dependent life since then, and it is safe to predict that 
 the future of this sturdy young westerner holds many 
 surprises for those who will watch his subsequent 
 career. 
 
 Following his graduation, Mr. Fuller continued with 
 the Gallatin Drug Company in Bozeman until 1906, 
 then came to Havre, arriving here in April, and en- 
 tered the employ of the Havre Drug Company. He re- 
 mained thus for four years and in 1910 established a 
 drug business in this city on his own responsibility, and 
 has since continued successfully in the enterprise, which 
 is in a state of constant development along solid and 
 substantial lines. 
 
 On November 5, 1912, Mr. Fuller was elected county- 
 treasurer of Hill county, and is its first treasurer, as 
 well as the youngest man ever elected to a county 
 treasurership in the state of Montana. 
 
 On June 16, 1908, Mr. Fuller was united in marriage 
 with Miss Leona A. McClaskey, the daughter of John 
 J. and Nora McClaskey, of St. Paul, Minnesota, in 
 which city Mrs. Fuller was reared and educated. She 
 followed her academic education by a course of train- 
 ing in Columbus Hospital in Great Falls, Montana, and 
 is a competent nurse. On January 31, 1910, a daughter 
 was born to i\Ir. and Mrs. Fuller, named Catherine 
 Margaret. 
 
 Mr. Fuller has a sister and brother, the former, Mina 
 C, is the wife of John J. Waylen, of Oakland, Califor- 
 nia, and the brother. Dr. Frank J., resides in Long 
 Beach, California. 
 
 The fraternal relations of Mr. Fuller are represented 
 by his membership in the Benevolent Protective Order 
 of Elks, lodge No. 1201, of which he was first sec- 
 retary. In 1908 he was admitted to the ^Montana State 
 Board of Pharmacy with the degree of Ph. C. 
 
 Daniel McH. McKay, M. D. Notwithstanding the 
 long strides that have been made in the practice of the 
 healing art within the past half century, the discoveries 
 
 of medical properties in hundreds of vegetable and 
 mineral substances that not many years ago were not 
 included in materia medica as remedies and barely 
 mentioned in the pharmacopeia, or laid dormant as far 
 as the dispensary is concerned; notwithstanding the 
 charlatancy practiced by adventurers in the legitimate 
 practice of the art and the quacks that claimed particular 
 attention and special gifts in the treatment of human 
 ills ; and notwithstanding the fact that legislatures have 
 found it necessary to regulate the general practice by 
 the e.xpulsion of diplomaless pretenders and the regis- 
 tration of legitimate and truly scientific physicians, there 
 are some of the latter who have risen to eminence 
 within the field of their actual labors and among them 
 is the subject of this sketch, whose career has been 
 that of a true and conscientious worker in the sphere 
 to which he has devoted his life and energy and who 
 possesses a profound knowledge of medicine and sur- 
 gery. 
 
 Dr. Daniel McH. McKay was born in Marysville, 
 Nodaway countyq Missouri, the date of his nativity 
 being November 24, 1875. He resided in that place 
 until about nine years of age, when his parents came 
 to Montana, arriving on March 4, 1884, and locating 
 in Meagher county, where they were to make their 
 permanent residence. 
 
 Dr. McKay finished his public school education in 
 the high school of White Sulphur Springs and then 
 set out for St. Louis, where he attended the jMarion 
 Sims Medical College, and continued as a student there 
 for four years. He graduated there in 1897 and re- 
 ceived his degree. When it came to the point of begin- 
 ning his career in the profession of his choice. Dr. 
 McKay returned to Montana and located in Carbon 
 county, where he practiced for thirteen years. In 
 1910, he came to White Sulphur Springs and has taken 
 his place among the representative citizens. He enjoys 
 the confidence of the entire community; acute in his 
 perceptions, widely read in his profession, and skilful 
 in applying his acquirements to practical use, his value 
 as a physician and surgeon is of the highest char- 
 acter. He is by no means of the type which is content 
 to let well enough alone and since leaving college has 
 taken a number of post-graduate courses, which have 
 materially widened his abilities. 
 
 Dr. McKay earned his first money as a boy of about 
 the age of sixteen, working on various Montana ranches 
 during summer vacations. In identifying himself with 
 his present profession he is following in the paternal 
 footsteps, his father. Dr. D. McH. McKay, Sr., having 
 practiced in Montana for many years. He was born 
 in Halifax, Nova Scotia and is a graduate of the Col- 
 lege of Physicians and Surgeons of Keokuk, Iowa. He 
 resides at present at White Sulphur Springs. He mar- 
 ried Hester Thoroughman in Missouri and the demise 
 of this admirable lady occurred March 19, 1902, at the 
 age of sixty-eight. There were but two children in 
 the elder McKay family. The subject's elder brother, 
 Edgar T., resides in White Sulphur Springs and enjoys 
 the esteem in w'hich all the members of the familv are 
 held. 
 
 Dr. McKay is a Democrat, having paid allegiance to 
 the party of Jefferson, Jackson and Bryan, since his 
 earliest voting days. His professional duties, how^ever, 
 consumes so much of his time and strength, that the 
 honors and emoluments of office have never appealed 
 to him. He is a disciple of Izaak Walton and likes the 
 kitidred sport of hunting, but quite as highly esteems a 
 quiet hour in his library in companj- with his favorite 
 authors. Aside from his professional reference books, 
 he has an excellent general library. He' feels for the 
 state which has so long been the scene of his activities 
 a remarkable loyalty and will admit no drawbacks, his 
 enthusiasm being of purer ray serene than that of the 
 Englishman who sings. 
 

 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 “With all thy faults I love thee still, 
 
 My country.” 
 
 Dr. McKay was married in Carbon county, Montana, 
 February 21, igoo, his chosen lady being Lucy J. Holt, 
 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. O. Holt, of Boulder, among 
 the pioneers. They share their attractive household 
 with a quartet of interesting children, as follows : Hester 
 A., Daniel McH., Jr., both at school; and Emmet H. 
 and Marion C., who are not yet of years sufficient to 
 attend school. 
 
 Charles H. Connor has been actively identilied with 
 the blacksmith and wagon making business since his 
 boyhood, and for the most of the time has been en- 
 gaged in independent business ventures in the line of 
 his trade. He has been a resident of Montana since 
 1884, and of Choteau since 1893, in all of that time 
 having conducted a thriving business in the carriage 
 and wagon industry. 
 
 Mr. Connor was born in Morgan, Orleans county, 
 Vermont, on February ig, 1852, and he is the son of 
 Charles Chase Connor, native of New Hampshire. He 
 also was a blacksmith and carriage maker as well as 
 being a wheelwright, and he moved to Illinois in 1857, 
 settling in Mount Pleasant, Brown county. He was an 
 active Republican and in his religious views was a First 
 Day Adventist, t'or four years he was postmaster of 
 the Mount Pleasant office, and was in every way a prom- 
 inent and highly respected citizen of his community. Pie 
 died at his home in that place when he was sixty-nine 
 years old. The mother was Electa (Bean) Connor, a 
 Vermonter by birth. She died in September, 1884, aged 
 fifty-two. She was the mother of six children, the sub- 
 ject of this review being the first born. Two of the 
 six died in infancy. 
 
 Until he was sixteen years of age Charles Connor at- 
 tended the public schools of Mount Pleasant, but his 
 education did not cease with that schooling, as he gave 
 much time to evening study for a number of years there- 
 after, and in various other ways continued his education. 
 On leaving school his father taught him the wagon-mak- 
 ing and wheelwright business, and after several years of 
 work, ^was taken into the business as his father’s part- 
 ner. The establishment was then located at Clayton, 
 Illinois, and was one of the largest concerns of its kind 
 in that section of the country. He continued with his 
 father in the business there for ten years, then sold his 
 interest and removed to Bloomfield, Iowa, where he 
 worked for Wallise & Langenstein for three years. He 
 m.oved on to Montana, arriving in Helena on September 
 4, 1884. He made his home in Helena for nine years, 
 seven years of that time being in the employ of the 
 Weisenheim Carriage Company and two years with 
 other concerns. He then moved to Choteau, his iden- 
 tification with this place beginning on April 12, 1893, 
 where after a space of six weeks in the employ of J. E. 
 Webb, the pioneer wagon-maker of the place, Mr. Con- 
 nor traded his Helena property for the business of Mr. 
 Webb. It was a small one-story shop, 20x34 Net, and 
 since he became the owner he has enlarged it consider- 
 ably, the present shop being 50x120 in size, and a two- 
 story structure. In addition to his smithing business, Mr. 
 Connor engaged in the undertaking business in Cho- 
 teau, in which he has been especially successful. He 
 has established a branch of the business at Conrad, 
 where he has a fine, up-to-date place, thriving under 
 the efficient management of R. A. Eahrart. 
 
 Mr. Connor is serving his sixth year as coroner of 
 the county, being last elected by a majority of 320. Pie 
 is a Republican and takes an active part in the political 
 affairs of the city and county. In addition to his other 
 property holdings, Mr. Connor is the owner of a fine 
 homestead of one hundred and sixty acres, where he 
 raises horses to some extent. 
 
 Fraternally Mr. Connor is a member of the Independ- 
 
 ent Order of Odd Fellows, being affiliated with the 
 order since 1872, and secretary of his lodge for nine 
 consecutive years. He was a member of the Illinois 
 State Guards for a year and a half before moving to 
 Iowa. ; In his religious belief he is a member of the 
 Christian church. 
 
 On May 5, 1889, Mr. Connor was united in marriage 
 at Bozeman, Montana, to Miss Mary J. West, the daugh- 
 ter of John West, a native of Tennessee. Two sons 
 have been born to their union, Alden R., born in 
 Helena on December 31, 1891, and Vivian S,, born in 
 Choteau, October 19, 1893. 
 
 John R. Toole. 
 
 “His life was gentle; and the elements 
 
 So mixed in him, that Nature might stand up 
 
 And say to all the world, ‘This was a man!’” 
 
 When he was 35 years old John R. Toole became a 
 citizen of Montana. He was born July 3, 1849, in 
 Aroostook county, Maine. The years of his boyhood 
 and youth were passed in Madison, Wis. There he 
 was educated and, at the age of 25, he started west- 
 ward. In Utah he engaged in mining operations and, 
 five years later, Idaho attracted him. He won an 
 excellent name in the management of mining proper- 
 ties and his association with men then engaged in 
 large operations in Butte resulted in the transfer of 
 his residence to Montana, and in 1884 Anaconda be- 
 came his home. At once he assumed charge there of 
 important interests connected with the operations of 
 the Anaconda Copper Mining Company. During sev- 
 eral years he was a trusted specialist in the exploration 
 of mining properties in Montana and elsewhere. 
 
 Mr. Toole’s ability in an executive way firmly estab- 
 lished him m the good will of those with whom he 
 sustained business relations. He enjoyed the warm 
 esteem and the complete confidence of Marcus Daly, 
 then the central figure in Montana’s mining operations. 
 He rapidly took a place of influence in Anaconda and 
 shared generously in the promotion of its municipal 
 and civic affairs. He displayed tact and good judg- 
 ment and a willingness to help every useful work; he 
 served unselfishly in every good cause. His genial 
 traits commended him to the good will of his towns- 
 men. They placed the utmost confidence in his integ- 
 rity, they listened cheerfully to his counsel ; his per- 
 sonal worth won their respect. 
 
 Mr. Toole took, during several years, an active share 
 in politics. He served two terms in the territorial 
 legislature; he was an influential member in the con- 
 vention that framed the constitution of Montana. Un- 
 der statehood he was a leader in three legislative ses- 
 sions. During the excitement that marked Montana’s 
 early career in statehood Mr. Toole was conspicuously 
 prominent in political and public affairs. He was recog- 
 nized as an adroit organizer; he was an intrepid 
 fighter; he put the courage of his convictions into 
 every struggle, and he had the satisfaction of scoring 
 an unusual number of successes. His singular good 
 fortune is that, when the trouble ceased and Montana 
 was at peace, there was cordial recognition, by those 
 with whom he had clashed, of honorable methods and 
 fair fighting. First and last, through it all, Mr. Toole 
 had, in fact, no relish for politics or liking whatever 
 for publicity or controversy. He was glad to escape 
 from the arena of contention. 
 
 Several years ago Mr. Toole assumed the office and 
 duties of president of the Big Blackfoot Milling Com- 
 pany, which has vast business in connection with the 
 operations of the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, 
 centered at Missoula. During ten years he was presi- 
 dent of the Daly Bank & Trust Company at Anaconda. 
 He gave up the responsibilities of that office, but he 
 continued to be an officer and stockholder in that bank. 
 In recent years Mr. Toole also has engaged in rail- 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1289 
 
 road construction and has completed several large 
 contracts. 
 
 Spite of the routine of large responsibilities, Mr. Toole 
 finds in recent years more or less of leisure for the 
 things that are most congenial for a man of his men- 
 tal turn. Life’s higher and better pursuits have an 
 unfailing attraction for him. He is an industrious and 
 a discerning student of the subjects that tend toward 
 intellectual and spiritual uplift. Mentally of reflec- 
 tive bent, he has a keen appreciation of that which is 
 helpful and a fondness, in reading and study, for the 
 things that mean infinitely more than mdre material 
 well-being. He is blessed with the temperament of 
 an optimist; he can take a broad view of matters relat- 
 ing to mankind’s good; he is willingly helpful; he is 
 a delightful companion, a sturdy advocate of that 
 which he believes to be right, a loyal friend, an upright, 
 high-minded citizen, a genial gentleman whose impulses 
 are right. In his beautiful home in Missoula are cen- 
 tered his affections ; in Montana is not found a more 
 attractive fireside than his. 
 
 In 1882 Mr. Toole married Miss Anne Hardenbrook, 
 a daughter of Dr. Allen Hardenbrook, long a high- 
 ranking physician and one of Montana’s pioneers, whose 
 declining days are spent at his daughter’s home. The 
 family circle includes six children ; Nora, the eldest 
 of the number, is the wife of J. M. Clifton of Missoula; 
 Thula is the wife of George Weisel, of Missoula; 
 Allen H. is a railroad contractor in Idaho ; John How- 
 ard is a student in the University of Virginia; .Brice 
 attends the Missoula high school, and John R., Jr., is 
 a member of the parental household. 
 
 Maxmilian Lauterbach. Montana, like many of her 
 sister states, claims innumerable men who have achieved 
 honorable distinction in their chosen field of activity, 
 carving out their fortunes with no other assets at their 
 disposal than the splendid courage, determination and 
 energy that was inherent within them. The case of 
 Maxmilian Lauterbach is not, therefore, cited as an 
 exceptional one, but as another pre-eminently \vorthy 
 of mention among that long list of conquerors in the 
 industrial and financial world. Such as he have made 
 possible the phenomenal development which Montana 
 and other western states have experienced in the past 
 twenty years, and it is highly consistent with the spirit 
 and purpose of this publication that specific tribute be 
 paid to him in this work. From the day laborer Max 
 Lauterbach has risen to the position of one of Mon- 
 tana’s leading stockmen, and his accomplishments along 
 industrial and financial lines could not be recited with 
 a minimum of words. 
 
 Maxmilian Lauterbach, familiarly known as “Max,” 
 was born in Bavaria on May 16, 1859, and is a son of 
 Michael and Katherine (Grimm) Lauterbach. Up to 
 the age of thirteen years the boy attended the public 
 schools of his native country, the last two years of that 
 time being spent in the home of relatives who took 
 charge of him and sent him to school. When he was 
 thirteen he was apprenticed to the baker’s trade, and 
 having completed the term of his apprenticeship worked 
 for some time at the trade. He was employed in vari- 
 ous German cities, in Munich among others, and his 
 work in the bakery business occupied his attention un- 
 til he was about twenty years old. It was then that the 
 stirrings of ambition within him began to make them- 
 selves felt, and the clarion call of opportunity wh'ch 
 America has sent out to ambitious men since she has 
 existed as a nation was all-sufficient to cause him to 
 leave his home and native land, abandon the work he 
 had continued in for years, and seek a better chance 
 in America. Thus it was that Max Lauterbach found 
 himself in the city of New York in 1870, on the 24th 
 day of August, with the sum of three silver dollars in 
 his pockets. He was a stranger. No words could am- 
 plify that statement for one who has experienced the 
 
 weight of depression that attends the advent of the lone 
 person into a new country, without a knowledge of the 
 jirevailing tongue, and without money — that open sesame 
 to every door. But Max Lauterbach was not one to 
 stand idly about in his discomfiture. His German blood 
 and training came readily to the surface and he philosoph- 
 ically set about making a living in his new surround- 
 ings. In December, 1879, he enlisted for service in the 
 United States military department of the regular army, 
 and in the following spring was sent with his regi- 
 ment to the Bad Lands of North Dakota, thence to 
 Colorado, and still later to Idaho and Utah. While he 
 was stationed at Idaho he was sent to a military school 
 at Omaha, Nebraska, for seven months. Mr. Lauter- 
 bach saw some service in North Dakota and Colorado, 
 and when his term of enlistment expired, he was dis- 
 charged from the regular service on December 7, 1884, 
 coming to Montana in the same year and locating at 
 Dillon in 1885. 
 
 After settling in Dillon, Mr. Lauterbach worked for 
 the Oregon Short Line Railroad for some little time, 
 for a wage of two dollars a day, and after a little was 
 able to engage in the sheep and stock business in a 
 small way, his savings from his military and railroad 
 service making the venture possible. From then on his 
 success was assured. His undertakings met with the 
 most pronounced success, and he added to his holdings 
 from time to time until at one period in his career he 
 was the owner of as high as 8,300 acres of ranch land 
 in Madison county, with flocks accordingly. He did not 
 retain this acreage, however, and today his land hold- 
 ings do not exceed 2.500 acres, but sufficient for his 
 purpose. His principal ranches were, and are yet, lo- 
 cated in Madison county. He has real estate inter- 
 ests in many places in Madison and other counties, 
 and altogether his property accumulations place him 
 among the wealthy men of the county. All this has 
 been accomplished since 1885, when he was working at a 
 daily wage in Dillon. 
 
 Mr. Lauterbach early embraced the cause of the Re- 
 publican party and has always been an ardent supporter 
 of its principles until the campaign of 1912, when he 
 gave his aid to the Progressive party, a fact which may 
 be partly accounted for by reason of his great admira- 
 tion for Theodore Roosevelt. 
 
 In 1884 Mr. Lauterbach was united in marriage with 
 Mrs. Josephine (Gunderson) Fritz, a native daughter 
 of Christiania, Norway. Mr. Lauterbach is a member 
 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the 
 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, but has no fra- 
 ternal affiliations beyond those orders. He maintains 
 a high place socially and in a business way in and about 
 Dillon, and is everywhere regarded as one of the live 
 and progressive men of the county, who has demon- 
 strated the high order of his citizenship in manifold 
 ways. 
 
 Harry W. Millard. The late Harry W. Millard, for 
 many years identified with the coal mining business of 
 Montana, was a native of England. He came to 
 America in his young manhood, locating in Montana, 
 and was one of the first settlers in Belt. As a young 
 man in England he had worked in the mines, and in 
 Montana he saw an opportunity to become an inde- 
 pendent miner. He accordingly preempted a forty-acre 
 tract of coal land from the government, for which he 
 paid the sum of twenty dollars per acre, and engaged 
 in mining in a small way. His operations increased 
 with the passing years, however. The present output 
 of the property is about thirty-five tons daily. Mr. 
 Millard died in 1911, leaving the management of his 
 property to his sons. He was one of the prominent 
 men of this section of the country, and in addition to 
 his mining interests was engaged in the ranch busi- 
 ness, his ranch at one time being represented by what 
 is now the town site of Belt. He was a member of 
 
1290 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 the Belt school board for years, and was m every way 
 an estimable and valued citizen, his death proving a 
 distinct loss to the community which had represented 
 his home and the center of his business activities for 
 so many vears. . r ^ , 
 
 Mr Millard married Margaret Atkinson, of Coal 
 Valley, Rock Island county, Illinois, and they became 
 the parents of eleven children, all of whom are living. 
 
 Henry VV. Millard, the fifth born of that number, 
 has been the manager of the business since 1900. He 
 was born in Belt, Montana, on September 20, 1884, 
 and was educated in the public schools of this town. 
 His education was of a rather meagre order, however, 
 ,is he left school in his si.xteenth year, when he was a 
 ninth-grade student. He immediately entered the busi- 
 ness which his father had been engaged in for so 
 many years, and soon became so proficient in his_ 
 knowledge of- details that he was made manager of 
 the works, a position in which he has continued since 
 then. Mr. Millard is identified fraternally with a num- 
 ber of societies, among them being the Modern Wood- 
 men of America. He is a member of the Belt Com- 
 mercial Club and of the Episcopal church. He is a 
 Republican, but takes no active part in the political 
 affairs of the county. 
 
 Mr. Millard was married in Great Falls, Montana, 
 to Miss Helen McHardie, the daughter of W. A. Mc- 
 Hardie. Three children have been born to them : Ralph 
 Leroy, Fern Minnie and Harry William. 
 
 Mr. Millard occupies a place of confidence and 
 esteem in the community which represents the town of 
 his nativity, and is a citizen of a high order, assuming 
 at all times his share of the civic burdens, and proving 
 himself in all things the worthy son of a worthy father. 
 
 Dr. Edward A. Long is a westerner by birth as he 
 began his course in this sphere of existence at Benton, 
 California, on February 17, 1874. He resided there 
 until he was eight years of age when his parents decided 
 to go back to the east. A two-year stay across the range 
 convinced the elder Longs that they had the western 
 habit and so they came to Montana in 1884 and have 
 since that date made their home in the Treasure state. 
 
 Jacob S. Long was a Canadian, born in Hamilton, 
 Ontario. lie immigrated to the states when a young 
 man and in La Salle, Illinois, met the young lady who 
 became his wife. This was Miss Elizabeth Miles, known 
 to the citizens of Lewistown, and Mrs. Elizabeth Long, 
 as she has made her home with the doctor since the 
 death of her husband in 1892. The only other member 
 of the Long family is Arthur, now acting as assistant 
 to Dr. Edward Long. The father settled in Butte City 
 when he came to Montana and there engaged in mining 
 until his death at the age of forty-five. 
 
 Edward Long received the most of his education in 
 Butte. He secured his first salaried job there too. 
 This was distributing papers for the Anaconda Standard, 
 for which he was paid two and a half dollars a week. 
 When he finished the public school work, Mr. Long 
 began the study of dentistry and later set up an office 
 of his own in Butte. After a few years there Doctor 
 Long went to Neihart and began a tentative practice 
 there. He decided that he did not care to locate there 
 permanently and so came to Lewistown, where he has 
 been for fourteen years. In this time he has built up 
 one of the largest practices in this district and has es- 
 tablished a reputation for expert work which is a just 
 measure of his professional ability. He is counted 
 one of the leading practitioners in the county and both 
 as a citizen and a doctor stands in the company of the 
 foremost. 
 
 In i8q 9 Doctor Long was united in marriage to Miss 
 klabel Lathrop of Lewistown. She is the daughter of 
 Edward and Anna Lathrop of this city and a young 
 woman fitted in all respects to preside over the doctor’s 
 home. Their only child. Miss Retha Long, is going to 
 
 school in Lewistown. Mrs. Long shares her husband’s 
 fondness for music at the theater as well as for reading 
 A fine library is one of the attractive features of their 
 home, and the books are not merely articles of furni- 
 ture, but bear evidence of frequent usage. Doctor Long 
 particularly enjoys a base ball game although there is 
 no sport of which he is not fond. 
 
 In church matters, both Doctor and Mrs. Long prefer 
 the Catholic faith, although they are not members of 
 that communion. The doctor belongs to the Elks and 
 to the Red Men. He is not at all interested in politics 
 for his profession is not one which invites participation 
 in that interesting game, and his work is the main 
 consideration with Doctor Long. His success has been 
 M his own building and he worked without assistance. 
 He has acquired a competence and attained eminence in 
 his chosen calling and this while still in the ranks of 
 the young men. 
 
 WiLLi.-^M Walsh. Born in Jo Daviess county, Illinois 
 a region of mines, the State Mine Inspector of Mon- 
 tana has literally spent his entire life in and around 
 mines. His father, also William Walsh, was a native 
 of Ireland, who came to America before his marriage 
 and settled in Boston. From there he went to Illinois, 
 and spent the greater part of his life at mining opera- 
 tions, working in Illinois and Michigan, and also in 
 the coal mines of Iowa. His religion was the Roman 
 Catholic faith, in which his seven children were also 
 brought up. He was a man who was interested in 
 politics and public affairs. While living in Jo Daviess 
 county he acted as county commissioner, was school 
 trustee, and held a number of minor public offices. His 
 politics were Democratic and he worked ardently for the 
 success of his organization. At the age of seventy- 
 seven he passed away at Maquoketa, Iowa, in the year 
 1879. His wife was Julia, daughter of James O’Brien, 
 a native of Ireland, who came with her parents to 
 America when she was sixteen years old. Her marriage 
 to Mr. Walsh took place in Boston and she survived 
 her husband eleven years. At the time of her death 
 she was living in Butte with her son, William Walsh, 
 the subject of this sketch. 
 
 The date of William, Junior’s, birth was June 22, 
 1859. There were four in the family older than he 
 and two were born later. He went to school in Galena, 
 Illinois, completing both the common school course 
 and that of the high school, graduating in the class 
 of 1876. Flis first position as a wage earner was in 
 the coal mines of La Salle, Illinois, and he began as a 
 driver. He did not remain in the coal mines for a 
 long time, but went into the lead district in northern 
 Illinois. For thirty-five years he was a practical miner 
 and in that period he acquired experience in every 
 branch of work “in the ground.” From Illinois with 
 her coal and lead veins, he went to Michigan and there 
 worked in the copper mines. Then he learned the ways 
 of the iron mines of Wisconsin. Coming to the west, 
 he worked in the silver mines of Colorado, and also in 
 the lead mines in that state, then to Utah, another 
 silver state. In Montana he worked in both the silver 
 and the copper mines, while his experience as a gold 
 miner was gained in Colorado, Idaho and Montana. 
 
 The positions which Mr. Walsh has filled are as all- 
 including as the districts in which he has operated. He 
 has been everything from shaft boss to superintendent 
 of the largest mines in the west. There is no phase 
 of mine work with which he is not familiar, and no 
 hazard in that vicissitudinous occupation which he has 
 not taken. Not only has Mr. Walsh been employed in 
 every capacity as a mine worker, but he has owned and 
 operated his own mines, and so knows the beginning 
 and the ending of the matter. Since 1885 he 
 has made his home in Butte. Since 1904 his office has 
 been at the capital building in Helena, for in that year 
 he was appointed state mine inspector under Governor 
 

1 '^ 
 
 .V 
 
 
 
 ' «■ 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1291 
 
 Toole, and he has filled the office ever since, being re- 
 appointed under Governor Norris. During his incum- 
 bency Mr. Walsh has labored unceasingly for legisla- 
 tion requiring ventilation and proper sanitation in the 
 quartz mines, and his efforts have been crowned with 
 gratifying results. His complete knowledge of the 
 matter of which he is in charge makes his work of the 
 highest value to all concerned, and his heart is all in 
 the betterment of conditions in this great industry of 
 the Treasure state. 
 
 Mr. Walsh has been secretary of the Western Fed- 
 eration of Miners, and held the same office in the 
 National Association. For two terms he was a mem- 
 ber of the executive board of the national body, whose 
 headquarters are at Denver, Colorado. For three terms 
 he was president of the Butte Miners’ Union. He is 
 like his father in his political views, and, also like him, 
 he is a worker in the party. 
 
 In amusements Mr. Walsh confesses to having no 
 favorite ways of employing his rather abbreviated 
 leisure. Such as is vouchsafed to him he prefers to 
 spend at home with his family. Mrs. Walsh is a native 
 of Illinois and was married there in the city of Galena. 
 Her maiden name was Mary McGuire, and she is the 
 daughter of Hugh McGuire of Jo Daviess countjq 
 Illinois. There are five children in the Walsh family, 
 all of whom are living in Montana. William the eldest, 
 was born at Galena and is a machinist by profession. 
 Nellie, the only daughter, is married, her husband 
 being Paul O’Gorman, of Butte. Roy Walsh is learning 
 the trade of a boiler maker, Frank, that of a blacksmith, 
 and Vincent, the youngest, is now a high school student. 
 He is preparing to do scientific or mechanical work, and 
 to this end is pursuing a scientific course in school. Mr. 
 Walsh intends that his sons shall grow up to be useful 
 members of a busy community, able to use both their 
 hands and their heads. He has made each work for his 
 own advancement, and as they have been his sole 
 helpers in achieving his success and placing him in his 
 honored and responsible position, it is inevitable that 
 he should have all confidence in their value. 
 
 James C. Brooks. Probably no better example of the 
 opportunities held out to the youth of our land in the 
 growing west could be found than the career of James 
 C. Brooks, ranchman and highly esteemed citizen of 
 Thirteen Mile creek, who has experienced all the dif- 
 ficulties attendant upon the early settlement of a local- 
 ity since become populous and prosperous. Mr. Brooks 
 is another energetic and enterprising citizen given to 
 Montana by the state of Iowa, having been born on his 
 father’s farm in Fayette county, August 28, 1857, a son 
 of Chauncy and Hannah (Casebeer) Brooks. His father 
 migrated from the east to Iowa about the year 1847, 
 settling in Linn county as a pioneer, and subsequently 
 removing to Fayette county, where he continued to en- 
 gage in agricultural pursuits throughout his life, dying 
 at the advanced age of eighty-three years. The mother 
 passed away when forty-five years of age, having had 
 three sons and six daughters. 
 
 James C. Brooks, who was the sixth of his parents’ 
 nine children, divided his youth between the common' 
 schools of Fayette county and his father’s farm, like 
 most youths of his day and locality receiving his mental 
 training while his bodily needs were being attended to, 
 and thus being fitted mentally and physically to follow 
 the vocation of agriculturist. He remained on the home 
 farm assisting his father until 1880, and in 1885 came 
 to Montana and settled in Dawson countv. For some 
 time he worked out on ranches, and was in the employ 
 of Douglas Mead, of Glendive, for one and one-half 
 years, then taking up a homestead of 160 acres on 
 Thirteen Mile creek, tw'enty-two miles northeast of 
 Glendive, where he now owns two sections of land. 
 His start was an unpretentious one. but industry, per- 
 severance and inherent ability have made Mr. Brooks 
 
 one of the leading horse raisers of 'his part of the 
 county, and his ranch is a modern one in every re- 
 spect, having a handsome residence and good improve- 
 ments of every kind. An alert, far-seeing business man, 
 he has been at all times ready to grasp favorable op- 
 portunities, but his dealings have been of a strictly 
 legitimate nature, and he has thus gained and retained 
 the confidence of all who have come into contact with 
 him in a business way. During his more than a quarter 
 of century of residence in Dawson county he has built 
 up a wide acquaintance, among which he numbers 
 numerous w'arm friends. 
 
 Prior to coming to the west i\Ir. Brooks was married 
 in 1880, in Iowa, to IMiss Sallie E. Brooks, who, while 
 bearing the same name, was not related to him, she 
 being a daughter of David and Lucretia (Hendrick- 
 son) Brooks, early settlers of the Hawkeye state. Mrs. 
 Brooks died September 17, 1910, having been the mother 
 of one daughter, Olive, who is being educated in the 
 schools of Cedar Falls, Iowa. Mrs. Brooks was a 
 member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and while 
 Mr. Brooks holds membership in no particular denomi- 
 nation, he is a liberal supporter of religious and charit- 
 able movements. Fraternally he is connected with the 
 Ancient Order of LTnited Workmen. He is a sup- 
 porter of Republican principles and candidates, but has 
 taken no active part in political matters, having been to& 
 busily engaged with his business affairs. His post- 
 office address is at the town of Intake. 
 
 JoHisr D. IMcLeod, a canny Scotchman of Canadian 
 birth, bears a name, of recent years made famous by 
 one of his lamented clansmen ; one who is blessed not 
 only with the gift of expression, but whose heart 
 responds to the beauty of the Scotch heath and whose- 
 great human insight permits him to read the soul, even 
 of the cautious and noncommittal Scot. Like the great 
 literateur, the subject of our sketch has lived most 
 of his life in the open where no mood of nature es- 
 capes his notice. His love of literature finds expression, 
 not in its creation but in its consumption if such an 
 expression be permissible; surely in its appreciation, 
 for John D. McLeod is an intelligent and constant 
 reader. 
 
 Mr. McLeod was born on Prince Edwards Island on 
 the eighteenth day of June, i860, his father, Donald N. 
 McLeod having been brought thither from Scotland 
 when only eight years of age. Here on this small 
 Canadian island he lived on his father’s farm until 
 time to own and cultivate a homestead of his own. 
 His was shared by Miss Janet McLean, also of Scotch 
 origin, whom he married in 1859. Nine children were 
 born to these wholesome, nature loving people, con- 
 tented in their northern island home, of whom John D. 
 is the oldest. Next came three brothers, William, Nor- 
 man and Malcolm, followed by three sisters, Isabella, 
 Mary Ann and Christine. Of the nine, who are all 
 living clean and useful lives. Alexander and John are 
 the youngest. Malcom and Alexander, reside at Man- 
 hattan, Montana; Christine resides in Helena and Wil- 
 liam at Goldfield, Nevada, while the remainder with 
 the exception of the oldest brother, are still British 
 subjects living in Canadian territory. The father passed 
 away in December, 1911, having lived to a good old 
 age in the useful sphere where he seemed meant to 
 demonstrate the example of the simple life well lived. 
 His good wife survived him only two months, passing 
 away in February, 1912. 
 
 John D. McLeod, the first born of the family, lived 
 with his parents and attended the grade schools and 
 the high school on the island until his seventeenth year, 
 when he began to earn his own expenses by fishing dur- 
 ing the summer months that he might continue his stud- 
 ies in the winter. He chose to spend much of the four 
 years of advanced study in fitting himself for a civil 
 engineer. At the age of twenty-three, he became an 
 
1:^92 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 expert surveyor, laying out many towns in the Dakotas 
 and afterward aiding with the railroad survey through- 
 out Montana and Washington. In 1888, he was mar- 
 ried to Miss Luella Shoquist, of Taylor Falls, Minne- 
 sota, their union occurring at Bismarck, North Dakota, 
 where Miss Shoquist was at the time making her 
 home. Of this union two children were born. Bea- 
 trice, the daughter, is now Mrs. Rose E. Allen of 
 Helena, Montana, while the son, Blaine, makes his home 
 with his father, the mother having passed away in 
 June of 1899, less than ten years after her marriage. 
 
 -Mr. McLeod is a member of the Ancient Order of 
 Free and Accepted Masons and of the Woodmen of the 
 World. Being a man of quiet and home-loving tastes, 
 inherited frem his good old Scotch father, he felt most 
 keenly the loss of his wife and the breaking of the home 
 ties. During the time in which he was surveying in 
 the states of Montana and Washington he met Miss 
 Mattie Farquhar, an attractive eastern woman who in 
 August, 1902, became Mrs. John McLeod. She is the 
 mother of three charming children. Margery, aged 
 eight, and Donald, two years younger, are attending 
 the public schools of Helena, while Miriam is now four 
 years of age. 
 
 In 1908 Mr. McLeod was appointed county surveyor 
 of Lewis and Clark county, which position he still fills 
 with much ability. In political sympathies he is a Pro- 
 gressive Republican. 
 
 P.fTRicK Joseph Manning. In all the length and 
 breadth of Jefferson county, Montana, it is safe to say 
 that there is no one more loyal to her interests and her 
 institutions or hopeful for her prosperity than Patrick 
 Joseph Manning. For many years he has been inter- 
 ested in mining and he probably has no peer in his 
 knowledge of this industry. An honored, trusted and 
 generally liked citizen, he has been recognized as 
 of the proper material for public office and is now serv- 
 ing his third term as sheriff of Jefferson county. 
 
 Mr. Manning is an Irishman by birth. County 
 Tipperary having been the scene of his nativity and its 
 date March 15, 1865. When he was a little lad about 
 five years of age his parents bade farewell to the 
 country of their ancestors and crossed the Atlantic in 
 quest of the broader opportunity which they believed to 
 be awaiting them on this side. They located in St. 
 Lawrence county. New York, near Canton, the county 
 seat, but the father’s life in the new country was sadly 
 brief, his death occurring when Mr. Manning was only 
 six years of age, or scarcely a twelvemonth after their 
 arrival. The little family lived in various parts of 
 the state of New York, making their living as best they 
 could, until 1885, when the subject removed to Jeffer- 
 son county, Montana. His coming here was an im- 
 portant step, for in the ensuing quarter century he has 
 ever since made his home here. 
 
 Nearly all Mr. Manning’s experiences in making a 
 livelihood have been as a miner, and he earned his first 
 dollar in the capacity of signal boy in the iron mines of 
 New York. He now owns valuable mining interests in 
 Montana and much of his time and attention is de- 
 voted to that field. He has in truth contributed in very- 
 definite manner to the development and prosperity of 
 this section of the country. Mr. Manning was elected 
 sheriff of Jefferson county in the fall of 1906, and took 
 the oath of office in January, 1907, now serving upon 
 his third term. He has proved indefatigable in his 
 enforcement of the law and is indeed unpopular with 
 those whose business takes them out of the straight 
 and narrow path. In his political allegiance he is a 
 Democrat and has ever given hand and heart to the men 
 and measures of the partv which produced Jefferson. 
 Jackson and Cleveland. But although he gives to all 
 public matters the interest of the intelligent voter, he 
 is by no means a professional politician. 
 
 On September 5. 1900, Mr. Manning was happily 
 
 married m Helena, Montana, to Mary Fleming, dau<rh- 
 ter of William and Annie Fleming, and they share their 
 pleasant home with a son, William Joseph, born Janu- 
 ary 9, 1905. William Fleming, who like his son-in- 
 law, was a miner, passed away in 1886: his wife died 
 m 1871. 
 
 In glancing at the early life of Patrick Joseph Man- 
 mng we find that he received his education in the pub- 
 lic schools. His^ father, whose name was Joseph Man- 
 ning, was a native of County Tipperary, Ireland, and 
 at the age of thirty-four years came with his family to 
 America. FIis untimely demise has been previously re- 
 ferred ^ to. In his early youth he was engaged in 
 ^eighting. The mother, whose maiden name was Julia 
 Cotter, was born in Ireland and died in New York 
 There were seven children in the family, three being 
 boys and four girls, and the subject being next to the 
 youngest in order of birth. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Manning are communicants of the- 
 Catholic church and are ever ready to lend a hand 
 to its good works. When asked concerning his favorite 
 diversions, Mr. Manning always returns that his favor- 
 ite is mining and all his spare time is given to looking 
 after his interests and investments. He is a useful 
 citizen, of the type which has brought about the high 
 standing of this part of the west. 
 
 L. M. Schott. The real estate and insurance business 
 at Butte, Montana, has an aWe reresentative in L. M. 
 Schott, v/ho was born in Michigan, on the ist of Oc- 
 tober, 1870. He is a son of Max and Augusta (Lich- 
 tenburg) Schott, both of whom were born and reared 
 in Germany, whence the immigrated to the United 
 States in their youth. Max Schott located in Michigan 
 and there was engaged in the mercantile business for 
 a number of years. He came to Montana in 18S4. and 
 after devoting his attention to a number of different 
 business enterprises he became a partner with his son in 
 t’ne real estate and insurance business at Butte. He is 
 highly respected in business and social circles of Butte. 
 
 L. M. Schott was educated in the public and high 
 schools of Saginaw, Michigan. He accompanied his 
 parents to Montana, in i88u, and for the .ensuing ten 
 years was a resident of Livingston, where he was for 
 some time employed as a bookkeeper. In 1894 he re- 
 moved to Great Falls and there devoted his attention 
 to the wholesale liouor business for a period of two 
 years, at the expiration of which he came to Butte, here 
 entering the employ of the Oppenheimer Company, con- 
 tinuing as bookkeeper for that concern for six years. 
 In 1902 he became a traveling salesman for an eastern 
 house and he continued as such until 1906, when he 
 launched into the business world on his own account 
 as a real estate and insurance man. His father is asso- 
 ciated with him in the above business, controlling a 
 general real estate business, in addition to which it also 
 represents a number of good life and fire insurance 
 companies, among them being the Northwestern of 
 Milwaukee, and the Nassau of Brooklyn. 
 
 In politics Mr. Schott and his father are both stanch 
 advocates of the principles and policies for which the 
 party stands sponsor. They do not take an active part 
 in local politics, but are on the alert and enthusiastic- 
 ally in sympathy with all measures and enterprises ad- 
 vanced for the good of the general welfare. They are 
 affiliated with a number of representative fraternal or- 
 ganizations. They are numbered among the most loyal 
 and public-spirited citizens of Butte and are men of 
 mark in all the relations of life. 
 
 In the city of Chicago, in 1894, Mr. Schott was mar- 
 ried. His wife, being a native of Frankfort. Germany, 
 where she was reared and educated, and whence she 
 immigrated to the United States. Mr. and Mrs. Schott 
 have one daughter, Edith. 
 

 4 
 
 J. 
 
 
 
 f . 
 
 :• 
 
 Ur 
 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1293 
 
 Charles Steele. The real estate dealers of Butte 
 are among its most progressive citizens, and to them 
 perhaps more than to any other single class of people 
 is due the development of the city and its environs on 
 the high plane that exists today. Among the well 
 known operators in realty circles at the present time 
 is Charles Steele, whose business is extensive, embrac- 
 ing transactions in both real estate in the city and min- 
 ing properties in the surrounding sections. He has been 
 at different times connected with important interests 
 and filled positions of responsibility in railway and 
 banking circles previous to entering the real estate 
 field in Butte. 
 
 Mr. Steele was married in Portland, Oregon, Novem- 
 ber 3, 1891, to Flora Belle Flarkins, and they are the 
 parents of two sons, Chester H. and Ralph G. Mr. 
 Steele is an independent thinker who discharges his 
 duties as a citizen and voter without respect to parties. 
 He is a member of the Masonic order. 
 
 Madam Libbie S. Robinson. One of the questions 
 -of the day is the economic position of woman, and there 
 is scarcely a more important one before society. Equal 
 opportunity in education has disclosed the fact that 
 woman can also take her place in the 'Commercial world, 
 and that in itself is a revolutionar}^ idea. There are 
 those who see in the ambition of woman to hold such 
 a place the disintegration of the whole fabric of our 
 civilization, with the destruction of our home life, and 
 so the woman who successfully rears a family ' and at 
 the same time makes a success of a business venture 
 confers a benefit on the race at large by furnishing 
 an unanswerable argument as to the economic fitness 
 of the wife and mother. Madam Robinson is a notable 
 example of this class. 
 
 Born in Philadelphia, Libbie Stevenson Robinson 
 ■came to Montana in i^S and has. resided in Butte 
 ever since. Both of her parents, William and Annie 
 Stevenson, were born in Ireland, but immigrated to 
 America shortly after their marriage. Mr. Stevenson 
 was a cotton manufacturer in the Quaker city, where 
 he lived to the age of sixty-eight. His wife died when 
 but sixtv years old and they are buried side by side 
 in the old churchyard of Philadelphia. Madam Rob- 
 inson attended school in the city of her birth, and in 
 1878 was married to John Robinson, also a Phila- 
 delphian by birth. His hobby was dancing and for 
 seventy-five years he was a dancing master, first in 
 Philadelphia and later in Butte. Professor Robinson, 
 as he was always known, was a man of very domestic 
 tastes and spent all his leisure with his family, his 
 wife and two children, to whom he was devoted. He 
 was a member of the Episcopal church and also of the 
 Masonic order. The latter organization had charge 
 of his funeral service when he passed away in February, 
 1910, and was buried in the city which had been his 
 home for nearly thirty years. 
 
 Not long after coming to Butte, Madam Robinson 
 started in the costuming business, and her establish- 
 ment has kept pace with the growing city. She is 
 especially well adapted for this trade, as she has all 
 the qualifications of a good buyer besides that of taste 
 and originality. Her shop is the leading costumer’s 
 establishment in the state, and her business is not con- 
 fined to this city, but she has customers throughout the 
 state, and even outside its borders. Hers is the only 
 exclusive costuming house in Montana, and she is 
 prepared to supply outfits for any and all occasions. Her 
 stock includes masquerade costumes, wigs, masks and 
 ladies’ fine Japanese goods, besides the regular line of 
 costumes for ordinary exigencies. The large and fully 
 equipped concern does a lucrative business and its 
 patrons are drawn from the most discriminating people 
 
 in Butte. Madam Robinson has been the sole head 
 and manager of the store and its prosperity is due 
 entirely to her own policy in conducting it. 
 
 Business has not prevented Mrs. Robinson from 
 rearing her son and daughter most carefully. Both re- 
 ceived excellent educations, their elementary training be- 
 ing received in Philadelphia, where both were born. 
 The daughter. Belle Stevenson Robinson, now resides in 
 New York City. Joseph Stevenson Robinson, the son, 
 is married and resides in Butte. He served in the 
 Spanish-American war, and as he was less than eighteen 
 at the time he was obliged to get his mother’s permis- 
 sion before enlisting. Although he was her only son. 
 Madam Robinson felt that as he was actuated by motives 
 of the truest patriotism she could not withhold her 
 consent. The son went to the war, and lost two toes 
 in the service. For eight years he was custodian in the 
 Butte public library, and he shares in the high regard 
 in which the community holds his mother and all the 
 family. In the lodges of the city he belongs to the 
 Masons and the Eagles, besides being a member of the 
 Spanish-American War Veterans’ Association. Like 
 his mother, he is a member of St. John’s Episcopal 
 church. Mrs. Robinson is one of the earnest workers 
 in the church, for here as in her business, she brings 
 to the matter in hand all the resources of executive 
 ability and an usual personality. 
 
 Lyman Hakes Bennett, who is now filling the of- 
 fice of city attorney of Dillon, was born at Virginia 
 City, Moritana, February 15, 1885. He resided in that 
 place until he had arrived at twenty-three years of 
 age, and then he went to Butte, where he remained 
 about one year. At the end of that time he came to 
 Dillon, Montana, reaching here in April, 1909. Here 
 he has won high standing and many friends who be- 
 lieves he has a great future. 
 
 The early education of Mr. Bennett was obtained in 
 the pulalic schools of Virginia City. He then spent two 
 years in the Montana State College at Bozeman. At the 
 end of that time, he became a student at Leland Stan- 
 ford, Junior, University, California, where he was grad- 
 uated and received his degree. He began the practice 
 of the law in Butte, and later took up his professional 
 work in Dillon. Here he was appointed city attorney 
 of Dillon in April, 1911, and is now filling this office. 
 
 Mr. Bennett is a young man of marked ability, and 
 stands very high in the community. He is an active 
 member of the Episcopal church. He is a Republican 
 and takes an active interest in politics. In fraternal 
 matters he is an Elk. Baseball has a foremost place in 
 his enthusiasms and he ranks among the fans. He is 
 fond of athletics and takes a personal part in athletic 
 sports. His active mind delights in good reading. 
 
 Previous to the period when Mr. Bennett took up 
 his professional life, he worked at the printing trade, 
 and he earned his first money as a boy serving an ap- 
 prenticeship in the office of the Madisonian at Virginia 
 City, one of the oldest newspapers in the state. His 
 salary at that time was two dollars per month. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Bennett took place in Dillon, 
 Montana, April 17, 1911, the bride being Miss Kathryn 
 M. Leonard. She was the daughter of Simon P. and 
 Elizabeth B. Leonard, both of whom are now deceased. 
 
 Mr. Bennett’s father, Alden J. Bennett, was born in 
 Franklin county. New York. He came to Montana 
 in 1869 and is an honoi'ary member of the Montana 
 Pioneers. He settled in Virginia City and still re- 
 sides there, where he has been in the banking busi- 
 ness for many years. He has always taken an active 
 part in politics and has held several offices. 
 
 The mother, Mary P. Bennett, was born in North 
 Carolina. She came west with her parents and was 
 married to Mr. Alden Bennett at Virginia City. In 
 the elder Bennett’s family there are three children, 
 two sons and a daughter, the subject of this sketch 
 
1294 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 being tlie youngest child. One member of this house- 
 hold, Henry P. Bennett, is in the banking business in 
 BiUt’c. The daughter, Hiss Mina, resides at home with 
 her parents. 
 
 .•\bk.mi.\m Louis Stone was born in Auburn, Shaw- 
 nee county, Kansas, October i6, i860. When he was 
 about two years of age his parents removed to Fulton, 
 Whiteside county, Illinois, where they lived until he 
 was about six years of age. Then they made their 
 home on a farm' in Leavenworth county, Kansas, until 
 he was about twenty-five years of age. In 1885 he left 
 home and came to Butte, Montana, where he remained 
 until 1888, and then came to Dillon, Montana, where 
 he has made his home since. 
 
 His early education was received in the public 
 schools of Leavenworth county, Kansas. He also 
 studied at home and received a regular high school 
 course. He earned his first money as a boy at the age 
 of ten, by running a rake in the field and gathering up 
 scatterings. Then for a while he worked on the farm 
 as a rcgtilar hand. For six years he taught school in 
 Leavenworth county, Kansas, and while thus engaged 
 was interested in tlie mercantile business in the same 
 county. Pie sold out on account of ill health and came 
 west. I-Iis first position in Montana was in Butte, 
 where he made a connection with McMillen and Cluett 
 in a clerical capacity. He later came to Dillon and 
 accepted a position with the Dillon ^ Implement Com- 
 pany. His rise and success were rapid, for within one 
 year he had become secretary and treasurer of the com- 
 pany. In 1809 ii6 drew out of this firm and organized 
 the State Bank of Dillon and was its cashier and man- 
 ager until September 24, 1912, at which time he was 
 n^ade the president. Under his management the bank 
 has grown in both total assets and surplus until it is 
 known as one of the strong institutions of the state. 
 Liberal, but just, careful and conservative— these are 
 among the chief assets under the guidance of Mr. 
 Stone, and those principles that are found in connec- 
 tion with safe and conservative banking prevail in 
 relation to the State Bank of Dillon. 
 
 He inclines toward the Episcopal church. His wife 
 belongs to various church societies and takes an active 
 interest in the work. Fie is a member of the Elks and 
 is a member of the Beaverhead Club, of which latter 
 he is now one of the trustees. He is a Democrat and 
 takes an active interest in politics. He was county 
 superintendent of the schools of Beaverhead county, 
 18S9-1892, inclusive, and has twice been a member of 
 the city council. 
 
 He is fond of the bicycle and uses one for pleasure 
 and exercise. He is a devoted fan in the baseball realm. 
 Fie is fond of good reading and of music and will go out 
 of his way at any time to attend a good opera. Fie 
 has made his own way entirely by his own efforts. ^ 
 
 He is a member of the Montana Bankers' Association 
 and was chairman of the executive committe.e in 1909- 
 1910 and vice-president for igio-1911-1912-1913. He 
 made in address at the Bankers’ Convention in Missoula 
 in August, 1909, upon the "Resources of Montana,'’ 
 which was considered of such value that the associa- 
 tion published five thousand copies of it for distribution. 
 
 Mr. Stone was married in San Francisco, California, 
 .April 8, 1896, to Miss Albina Smith, daughter of Eden 
 Smith, of Oblong, Illinois. There are five children in 
 the family; Irma was born April 18, 1897, and is now 
 attending the State Normal College at Dillon. She 
 spent one year in Germany iti the study of languages, 
 and speaks German and French fluently. All the 
 children speak Spanish. Robert Malcolm was born 
 May 23, 1901, and is now attending the public school. 
 Martha was born October 8, 1902, and is now in 
 school. Donald Stuart was born August 22, 1904, and 
 is also in school. Henry Lee, the baby, was born May 
 30, 1906. 
 
 Mr. Stone’s father, Lewis Anson Stone, was born 
 in Royalton, state of New York, in 1825. In 1837 he 
 came west with his parents and settled in Eaton county 
 Michigan, having been one of the pioneers of that 
 state. Fie was educated in the public schools of Olivet 
 then took a course in the academy and next went to 
 Oberlin College, Ohio, where he was graduated and 
 received a masters degree in the classical course Fie 
 followed teaching in schools and academies for twenty- 
 five years. _ In his later years he retired to a farm. Fie 
 married Miss Martha A. Hotchkiss of Marshall, Mich- 
 igan, in i 8;57- She was the daughter of Freeman 
 Hotchkiss, a prominent farmer, contractor and builder 
 She was a graduate of the Leroy, New York, Col- 
 legiate Institute and assisted Mr. Stone in his school and 
 college work. The father died in Leavenworth county, 
 Kansas, in 1904, at the age of seventy nine. The 
 mother died at the same place in 1872, aged forty-one 
 Ihere were two children in the elder Stone family, 
 one boy and one girl. The subject of this sketch was 
 the_ older. The sister is married to J. M. Gilman and 
 resides on the old homestead in Leavenworth county 
 Kansas. ’ 
 
 Ihomas V. Luxton is one of a number of men of 
 sterling worth that our great northern neighbor Canada 
 has contributed to the ranks of Montana’s citizens, and 
 during the eighteen years that he has been a resident of 
 Anaconda, Montana, he has achieved success and high 
 reputation as a busine.?s man and has gained a strong 
 place in popular confidence and respect. It has been as 
 a merchant tailor that Mr. Luxton has found business 
 opportunity in Anaconda and has improved it. 
 
 He was born in London, Ontario, Canada, on Decem- 
 ber 23, 1865, and lived there until about nineteen years 
 of age, securing his education in the public schools of 
 his native city. When about sixteen years old he began 
 learning the tailor's trade, and during his apprenticeship 
 he saved of his earnings until at its close he had twenty- 
 five dollars in the bank. With this sum he left home in 
 1885 ami started out to make his own way in life. He 
 first located at Salt Lake City, Utah, but shortly left 
 there for Butte, Montana, where he worked on a salary 
 for eight or nine years. About 1894 he came to Ana- 
 conda and started in business for himself as a merchant 
 tailor. His establishment is the oldest and the leading 
 one in its line in Anaconda and is also one of the oldest 
 in the state. He caters to a representative and discrimi- 
 native patrona.ge that has been drawn not only from the 
 city of Anaconda and its adjoining territory, but has 
 come from all parts of the state. His thorough knowl- 
 edge of the tailoring business and his recognized integ- 
 rity as a business man have been the foundation of his 
 success and prosperity. 
 
 Mr. Luxton is a son of Richard and Mary (Vodden) 
 Luxton, who were married in Canada and became the 
 parents of seven children, Thomas V. being third in 
 order of birth. The father was born in England and 
 when a young man came to Canada, where for a number 
 of years he followed farming and was also engaged in 
 the meat business. Later he came to Montana and set- 
 tled at Butte, where he died in 1892, when about fifty- 
 five years of age, and where he is interred. He had 
 attained a prominent place in the Masonic order. The 
 mother is still living and now resides in Anaconda. Mr 
 Luxton has one brother in Montana, Charles H., who is 
 married, resides at Anaconda, and is associated with the 
 Copper City Commercial Company there. 
 
 The marriage of Mr. Luxton took place at London, 
 Ontario, on May 20, 1891, and united him to Miss Susan 
 Baldwin, a daughter of Maurice and Mary Baldwin, of 
 that city. Mr. and Mrs. Luxton have three daughters 
 living, namely: Gladys and JVIabel, now students in the 
 
 Anaconda high school, and Dorothy, who is not yet of 
 school age. The family are communicants of the Episco- 
 pal church, in the work of which Mrs. Luxton takes an 
 

 
 ■/v 
 
.X 
 
 
HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1295 
 
 active interest. Mr. Luxton is a member of the Benevo- 
 lent and Protective Order of Elks, and is trustee of his 
 lodge, and is also affiliated with the Order of Eagles 
 and the Fraternal Union of America. His political alle- 
 giance is given to the Republican party, in the local 
 affairs of which he formerly took a very active part, 
 and he has served as an alderman of Anaconda. The 
 sports of fishing and hunting are his chief diversion and 
 he was one of the organizers of the Anglers Club at 
 Anaconda and became one of its first officers. Mr. Lux- 
 ton has been a resident of Montana now more than a 
 quarter of a century, and that by choice. What he 
 thinks of the state and its future after this long expe- 
 rience is expressed in the following reply to an inquirer ; 
 “Come to Montana, look it over, and you will at once 
 decide it is the place to settle and live. It is a practical 
 state in every way, full of wealth and unlimited re- 
 sources, and will stand for any test." 
 
 Allison Davis. In the grand young state of Mon- 
 tana there are those who, as in other sections, excuse 
 their poverty and unimportant station in life, attributing 
 a want of opportunity, a plea which certainly must ap- 
 pear puervile in the extreme to successful men like Al- 
 lison Davis, vice president of the Dennis Elevator Com- 
 pany and of the First State Bank, of Wilbaux, Montana, 
 and identified with other important concerns ; for Mr. 
 Davis belongs to that class of virile men who make op- 
 portunity. He was born on his father’s pioneer farm, 
 near Milford, Iroquois countj', Illinois, November 26, 
 1858, a son of William N. and Nancy (Tucker) Davis. 
 
 William N. Davis was born in 1820, at Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, and died in 1883, in Te.xas, in the sixty- 
 third year of his age. He married Nancy Tucker, who 
 died in 1861. at Milford, Illinois, her birth having taken 
 place in New York. Of their seven children but two 
 survive, Allison and Rachel ; the latter being the wife 
 of W. M. Marston, residing at Hoopeston, Illinois. At 
 the age of fifteen years, William N. Davis accompanied 
 his parents to Ohio and came westward as a drover 
 with a flock of sheep, destined for Indiana, and still 
 later pushed farther west and located at Milford, in 
 Iroquois county, Illinois. There he engaged in the saw 
 mill business and also teaming, and was one of the 
 early freight haulers from that section to Chicago, Illi- 
 nois. In 1873 he went to Texas and there embarked in 
 the stock business ; also was a farmer, and remained in 
 that state until the close of his life. He was never a 
 political aspirant but believed in the principles of the 
 Democratic partr^ and voted accordingly. 
 
 Allison Davis attended the district schools of Iroquois 
 county in boyhood and early learned to be useful. He 
 accompanied his father to Texas and during the latter’s 
 life assisted him in his enterprises, afterward engaging 
 in the same industries for himself until 1885. when he 
 sold his possessions in Texas and came to Custer county, 
 Montana. Here he embarked in a general stock and 
 cattle business, in 1892 buying 9,600 acres of land from 
 the Northern Pacific Railroad. pa3'ing one dollar an 
 acre for this railroad land. Through his foresight he 
 was able to more than double his investment in three 
 years, disposing of it in that short period -for six dollars 
 an acre. At one time he had on his ranch as high as 
 15,000 sheep. 300 horses and 500 cattle. After closing 
 out his stock business he located at Wibaux, Montana, 
 acquiring a homestead of 160 acres. There he has re- 
 sided ever since, devoting himself to the development 
 of his various interests and thereby adding to the im- 
 portance and wealth of this section. He erected an 
 elevator in Wibaux at a cost of $5,000 and is vice presi- 
 dent of the Dennis Elevator Company, vice president 
 of the Farmers' Elevator Company, at Wibaux, presi- 
 dent of the WTbaux Improvement Company, president 
 of the Whbaux Telephone Company, and vice president 
 of the First State Bank, also at that place, which 
 operates with a capital and surplus of $52,000. He is 
 
 a live factor in the town’s most important enterprises 
 and along every line is a reliable and dependable citizen. 
 
 On Januar\- i, 1893, Mr. Davis was married to Miss 
 Regina May Parker, who was born at Erie, Pennsyl- 
 vania, and died in Montana, iMarch 27, 1910. Her par- 
 ents were Daniel and Martha (Hoil) Parker, natives 
 of Pennsylvania. Mr. Parker died in 1908, but his 
 widow and three of their children survive, Mrs. Davis 
 having been the eldest of the family. Three children 
 were born to Mr. and ]\Irs. Davis : Esther R., Alice 
 
 and iMarjorie. 
 
 In his political views, jMr. Davis is a Republican. He 
 is identified fraternally with the M. W. of A. He is 
 a self-made man, in that he has succeeded through his 
 own initiative and with few of the advantages that now 
 smooth the pathway of ambitious young men. 
 
 Arthur C. Tompkins. Although business success 
 is very apt to follow persistent effort, it undoubtedly 
 is true that men and women are better fitted by nature 
 for some lines than others, but in all of them, those 
 possessing a strong, well-balanced character to give 
 foresight and judgment will achieve the best results. 
 Perhaps no business requires these qualities more than 
 does the growing of sheep on a large scale. One of the 
 satisfied and prosperous men in this line in Carbon 
 county, Montana, is Arthur C. Tompkins, whose ranch 
 of 320 acres is devoted to this industrj-. IMr. Tompkins 
 was born December 27, 1856, in Cooper county, IMis- 
 souri, and he is a son of Beniamin and Susan (Clark) 
 Tompkins. 
 
 On both sides Mr. Tompkins comes of distinguished 
 ancestry, including Revolutionary patriots, this line be- 
 ing so directly traced that the sister of Mr. Tompkins 
 had no difficulty in proving her eh'gibiliti' when she 
 applied for membership in the Daughters of the Ameri- 
 can Revolution. On the paternal side an ancestor is 
 traced to the founding of Jamestown, Virginia, and a 
 record has been preserved that proves he was the first 
 sheriff of the place. On the maternal side the grand- 
 father was governor of Kentucky at the time of his 
 death. 
 
 The parents of Mr. Tompkins were both born in 
 Kentucky, the father near Lexington, in 1816, and the 
 mother near Winchester. The latter survives and re- 
 sides at Kirkwood, iMissouri, but the father died in 
 1900, his age being eighty-four years. Of their six 
 children there are three living : Arthur C. ; William, 
 who is a resident of St. Louis, IMissouri; and May, 
 who is the widow of Campbell V. Shaw, resides at 
 Kirkwood. In 1847 Benjamin Tompkins, after gradu- 
 ating in law from Transylvania College, Kentuck}-, lo- 
 cated at Boonville, IMissouri, where he became a man- 
 of state prominence. He served in numerous impor- 
 tant public positions, as clerk of the county court, as 
 district judge for several terms and also a member 
 of the Missouri legislature for some years. In his early 
 political life he was a Whig but later became thoroughh' 
 identified with the Democratic parW 
 
 Arthur C. Tompkins secured his educational train- 
 ing in the schools of Boonville and afterwards went 
 to St. Louis, where he learned the hardware business. 
 In 1885 he came to Montana and at Billings went into 
 the mercantile business with J. H. Conrad & Company, 
 of which he was the manager. ^ In 1887 he turned his 
 attention to sheep growing in Yellowstone county, and 
 at the present time operates his large ranch in Carbon 
 county and is extensively engaged in bujdng and selling 
 sheep, which he ships to the Chicago market. He 
 thoroughly understands all the complexities and the 
 laws pertaining to this business and has prospered in it 
 exceedingly. 
 
 On December 19, 1888, l\Ir. Tompkins was married to 
 Dliss Janet Fraser, who was born in iSova Scotia, and 
 is a daughter of Alexander and Agnes (Ogilvie) Fraser, 
 The father of Mrs. Tompkins was born in Keith, Banff 
 
1296 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 shire, Scotland, July 15. 1842, and died at Billings, 
 Montana, IMarch 27, 1907. He went to Nova Scotia as 
 a civil engineer in young manhood and in 1881 came 
 to Montana with H. Clark & Company, contractors in 
 building the Northern Pacific Railroad. He was pay- 
 master for the above company and later for the same 
 firm was bookkeeper in their mercantile store at Billings. 
 Later he was appointed a United States court com- 
 missioner and afterward, until the time of his death, 
 served in the office of justice of the peace. He was a 
 very prominent man in Masonry, in 1898 being master 
 of Ashley Lodge, No. 29, A. F. & A. M. ; in 1897 being 
 high priest of Billings Chapter, No. 6, R. A. M. ; and 
 a member of Aldemar Commandery. He married 
 Agnes Ogilvie, who was born at Crail, in Fifeshire, 
 Scotland, November 15, 1844, and died July 19, 1892. 
 -Mrs. Tonijikins was the first born in their family of 
 children. Mr. and Mrs. Tompkins have two children: 
 Benjamin Alexander and William M. They are among 
 the privileged younger generation in the new state, 
 upon the shoulders of whom will rest its future great- 
 ness, and in looking back over their ancestry there is 
 every reason to believe that they will never be found 
 lacking in any element of American citizenship. 
 
 George F. Ingersoll. Although the irrigating of 
 western lands and the growing of cattle are matters of 
 such vital importance, how few, comparatively speak- 
 ing, of the people of the United States have any con- 
 ccj)tion of the difficulties which face those who are 
 successfully engaging in these industries. Fortunately, 
 for the masses, there are those who have courageously 
 faced many hard conditions in the past and who now 
 deserve the prosperity which shines upon them as they 
 have earned success, and, through them, the country 
 wide is benefited along lines that they could never have 
 won for themselves in the older sections. Custer coun- 
 ty, Montana, offers many examples of eastern men who 
 have made homes and fortunes in the west long before 
 they have reached middle age. George F. Ingersoll, 
 whose beautiful, irrigated farm lies within six miles 
 of Miles City, Montana, and w'ho probably owns more 
 cattle than he can count, came to this state in 1885, 
 and probably no man in this part of the country is 
 better qualified to give an opinion on cattle raising 
 than he. He was born at Lee, in Berkshire county, 
 Massachusetts, December 20, 1858, and is a son of 
 John and Lucy (Cheney) Ingersoll. 
 
 John Ingersoll the father, was born in Cuyahoga 
 county Ohio, not far from the city of Cleveland, in 
 1829, and his death occurred at Derryville, Arkansas, 
 in 1887, at the age of fifty-eight years. His wife be- 
 longed to a noted old New England family that lived 
 and died for generations in Berkshire county, Massa- 
 chusetts. She lived to be fifty-four years of age and 
 was the mother of six children, the four survivors 
 being: James B., wdio lives in Boone county, Iowa; 
 George F. ; and Charles A. and Ruben R., both of 
 whom live in Boone county. John Ingersoll went to 
 Berkshire county when a young man and followed 
 farming and butchering until the early ’sixties, when 
 he removed to Boone, Boone county, Iowa. There he 
 engaged in farming, stock raising and milling. He 
 maintained his home at Boone although after 1877 he 
 carried on busines.s in other sections. In that year, 
 accompanied by his son George F., he visited the 
 Black Hills, Dakota, and from there went to Texas, 
 where he embarked in the cattle business. From Texas 
 he went to Arkansas, and in that state invested in land, 
 but his death followed before he was able to develop 
 it. He was a highly regarded citizen while living at 
 Boone, serving several terms as a city alderman and 
 as school trustee. He was identified there, also, with 
 the Odd Fellow's. 
 
 George F. Ingersoll completed his education at Cor- 
 nell College, at Mt. Vernon, low’a. It was during 
 
 the excitement over the discovery of gold in the Black 
 Hills, in 1877, that he and his father made the over- 
 land trip to that part of the country, from which he 
 soon returned but later accompanied his father to Fort 
 Worth, Texas. There he was associated with his father 
 in the cattle business in the Texas Panhandle, and con- 
 tinued riding the range until the spring of 1885. He then 
 became foreman for the Lee Scott Cattle Company and 
 canie overland with cattle to Montana and was with 
 this Miles City company until the spring of 1888, when 
 he became manager of the Rea Cattle Company and 
 for the Atlantic Livestock Companv. At the present 
 time he is manager for the Atlantic Cattle Companv 
 and at the same time manages his own cattle and horse 
 business on his ranch in Dawson county, where he has 
 fourteen head of blooded stallions. Quite recently he 
 has sold a one-quarter section of his land in Custer 
 county tO' Judge C. H. Lond, but still owns many acres 
 of irrigated land on wdtich he is successfully producing 
 corn, small grain and alfalfa. 
 
 On June 25, 1900, Mr. Ingersoll was married to 
 Miss Rose E. Collins, w'ho was born at Grand Meadow, 
 Minnesota and five children have been born to them : 
 Linn R., who is associated with his father in the 
 livestock business and is superintendent of the Daw- 
 son county ranch ; Dixie, who is a student at the Mon- 
 tana Agricultural College, Bozeman, Montana; George 
 F., who is attending school at iMiles City; and two 
 who died in infancy. 
 
 In his political sentiments Mr. Ingersoll, like his late 
 father, is a Republican and in 1898 he was elected 
 state representative and served one term at Helena. 
 He occupies other positions of responsibility, being a 
 member of the board of commissioners of the Tongue 
 and Yellowstone Rivers Irrigation Ditch; is one of 
 the trustees of the Custer county high school ; and is 
 a director in the Commercial State Bank. For three 
 years Mr. Ingersoll served as president of the Montana 
 Stock Growers Association and continues his active 
 interest in everything pertaining to this great industry. 
 He is a member of Miles City Lodge, No. 537, Benevo- 
 lent and Protective Order of Elks, and belongs also 
 to the Miles City Club. Like other big men of Mon- 
 tana, Mr. Ingersoll is of a kind and benevolent dis- 
 position, but his gifts to charity are never made public 
 property. 
 
 Charles V. Franzman. The subject of this sketch 
 was born in the celebrated town of Bingen-on-the- 
 Rhine on April 20, 1867. He did not grow up in this 
 picturesque spot, however, as his parents came to 
 America when he was but three years of age and set- 
 tled in Quincy, Illinois. The town was then rather 
 new, and Mr. Karl Franzman was one of the early 
 German settlers of the place. He opened a mercantile 
 business there and became one of the leading mer- 
 chants of the place. Before his son had finished his 
 schooling the family moved to St. Paul. In Quincy, 
 Charles had attended the public school and also a 
 private German school, as his father was anxious that 
 his son should not forget his Fatherland in the new 
 country, and that he should grow up to know the lan- 
 guage of his ancestors. When the family moved to 
 St. Paul the boy continued to go to public school and 
 also to- attend German school at night. 
 
 When Charles Franzman left school he went to work 
 for a paper hanger to learn the trade, serving an 
 apprenticeship in the fashion of the lads of the Father- 
 land. When he had learned it he continued to work 
 in St. Paul until 1885, when he came to Montana. He 
 first located in New Chicago, being induced to settle 
 there because his brother, Jacob Franzman. was living 
 there. The brother had a thriving blacksmith and 
 wagon works shop in the town, but Charles did 
 not think it the best place for one of his trade to adopt 
 as a permanent residence, so he stayed only from 
 

 
 
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HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 1297 
 
 August, 1885, until March of the following year, and 
 then came to Butte. When he first came to this city 
 Mr. Franzman worked at his profession for different 
 firms of Butte. He was first employed by Mr. Rogers, 
 and then went into the establishment of Carter Broth- 
 ers, with whom he remained for quite a long period. 
 By November, 1897, Itlr. Franzman had accumulated 
 enough capital to go into business for himself. His 
 first store was only a small one, situated at No. 65 
 West Park street. Here he remained for four years, 
 acquiring an ever-increasing trade among the most 
 desirable patrons of the city. 63- this time his busi- 
 ness had grown so much that he was obliged to find 
 larger quarters, and so he moved to 115 West Park 
 street, where he has been ever since that time. His 
 trade has continued to grow, and in busy seasons he 
 is sometimes obliged to employ fifteen experienced paper 
 hangers to handle his orders. His stock includes not 
 only paints and wall paper, but pyrography materials, 
 pictures, and everything that pertains to house decora- 
 tion. The line which he handles is first class in every 
 particular, and he is a person who understands the work 
 he contracts to do, and who is prepared to furnish 
 expert service. 
 
 Mr. Franzman’s father retired from business in 
 1890 and came to Montana, making his home in Philips- 
 burg. He died in that citv in 1893, at the age of sixty- 
 seven. His wife, Sophie Rhineman Franzman, survived 
 him four years and died in Butte on November 25, 
 1897. She was sixt>--two years of age at the tirne of 
 her death. 
 
 On June 25, 1891, Mr. Charles Franzman and Miss 
 Emma Armbruster were united in marriage at St. Paul, 
 Minnesota. Mrs. Franzman is the daughter of Mr. and 
 Mrs. Joseph Armbruster, early settlers of St. Paul. 
 Mr. Armbruster is a merchant of St. Paul, who settled 
 there in 1857. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Franzman have three children; Ruth, 
 Helen and Charles V., Jr. The first named young 
 lady graduated from the high school of Butte in 1911. 
 She was born in St. Paul, May 17, 1892. Helen, five 
 years younger, is a student in high school, while Charles, 
 who was born November 30, 1903, is attending Mc- 
 Kinley school. 
 
 Mr. Franzman is a member of the Modern Wood- 
 men’s lodge and is active in the Merchants’ Association. 
 His politics are Republican, but he is a business man 
 and not a politician. He is president of the Butte and 
 Highland Gold Mining Company, among his other 
 interests. Socially he has a wide acquaintance among 
 the representative people of Butte, and his tempera- 
 ment is such that it renders him very popular among 
 his associates. Motoring, hunting and fishing are his 
 favorite methods of amusement. He is not affiliated 
 with anv church, but attends the Presbyterian, of 
 which Mrs. Franzman is a member. 
 
 Frank M. Grady is a noble illustration of what 
 independence, self-faith and persistency can accomplish 
 in America. He is a self-made man in the most 
 significant sense of the word, for no one helped him 
 in a financial way and he is self-educated. As a 
 young man he was_ strong, vigorous and self-reliant. 
 He trusted in his own ability and did things 
 single-handed and alone. To-day he stands supreme as 
 a successful business man and a loyal and public- 
 spirited citizen. He was the pioneer carriage manu- 
 facturer in Butte, but in recent years he has devoted 
 his attention to a wholesale and jobbing business, his 
 line being vehicles, carriages, hardware, etc. 
 
 In the province of Ontario, Canada, on the 8th of 
 August, 1863, occurred the birth of Frank M. Grady, 
 who is a son of James and Mary (Brennan) Grady, the 
 former of whom was born in County Mayo, Ireland, 
 and the latter of whom claimed Vermont as the place 
 of her nativity. The father came to America in the 
 
 year 1847 and located in Ontario, wffiere he was a pros- 
 perous farmer until the time of his demise, in 1894. 
 Mrs. Grady was called to eternal rest in 1896, and she 
 and her husband were the parents of eleven children, 
 of whom the subject of this review was the sixth in 
 order of birth and five of whom are living, in 1912. 
 
 Frank M. Grady is indebted to the public schools of 
 Ontario for his early educational discipline, and at 
 the age of sixteen years he entered upon an appren- 
 ticeship at the trades of carriage maker and black- 
 smith. Subsequently he w'as a journeyman blacksmith 
 in New York, Massachusetts and Chicago, and on the 
 iith of Ma}', 1885, he came to Butte, where, for several 
 months, he W'as in the emplo}- of the Butte Carriage 
 Company. In January, 1886, he established the Butte 
 Carriage Works, having as a partner in the enterprise, 
 John G. Gay, wdth whom he continued to be associated 
 until 1893. In 1896 Mr. Grady launched out into the 
 carriage business on his own account, his establishment 
 being located on the corner of Main and Silver streets. 
 His business is known under the name of the Standard 
 Carriage Works, and in Januar3', 1911, the plant was re- 
 moved to No. 520 Dakota street, where ample store room 
 and splendid offices are maintained. Up to a few years 
 ago, Mr. Grady was engaged in the manufacture of 
 carriages, but since then he has devoted his entire time 
 and attention to an extensive wholesale and jobbing 
 business. He deals in vehicles, carriages, hardware, 
 wood stock and rubber tires, carrying a complete line 
 of each. He holds the distinction of being the only 
 exclusive dealer in the above line in Butte. Mr. Grad\- 
 has been untiring in his efforts to build up a splendid 
 business and his success has been on a parity with his 
 well directed endeavors. He is fair and straightfor- 
 ward in all his business dealings, and as a citizen com- 
 mands the unalloyed confidence and esteem of his 
 fellow men. 
 
 At Helena, Montana, on the loth day of July, 1909, 
 was solemnized the marriage of iMr. Grady to Miss 
 Eva Gates, a daughter of George and Mary (Robison) 
 Gates. Her parents were born and reared in Ohio, 
 and her father died at Loudonville, Ohio. Mr. and 
 Mrs. Grady have no children. 
 
 In politics Mr. Grad3' maintains an independent at- 
 titude, preferring to give his support to men and meas- 
 ures meeting with the approval of his judgment rather 
 than to vote along strictly partisan lines. In religious 
 matters, he and his wife are devout members of the 
 Catholic Church, to whose good works they are liberal 
 contributors of their time and means, and socially he 
 is a member of the Butte Gentlemen’s Driving Club, 
 of which he is treasurer. He is a great lover of live 
 stock and owns some thoroughbred trotters of consid- 
 erable value. 
 
 Allie B. Stockwell, D. O. Engaged in the success- 
 ful practice of her profession in the city of Butte, Dr. 
 Stockwell is recognized as one of the representative 
 osteopathic physicians of her native state and is a 
 member of one of Montana’s well-known and highly- 
 honored nioneer families. 
 
 Dr. Allie Bell Stockwell was born at Pony, Madison 
 county, Montana, on the 29th of June, 1885, and is a 
 daughter of Frank and Katherine (Noble) Bell, who 
 still reside on their fine ranch near Pou3a Frank Bell 
 was t)orn in Ohio, on the 24th of March, 1854, and was 
 reared and educated in his native state, where he con- 
 tinued to maintain his home until he had attained to 
 his legal majority. He then indulged his spirit of ad- 
 venture and his desire to find for himself opportunities 
 for gaining success through personal endeavor. In 1875 
 he came to Montana, a young man of energy, ambition 
 and vigorous purpose, and he numbered himself among 
 the early settlers of Madison county. He first estab- 
 lished his home at Ennis, but soon afterward removed 
 to Pony, that county, where he turned his attention 
 
1298 
 
 HISTORY OF MONTANA 
 
 to the raising- of cattle and where he eventually gained 
 prestige as one of the prominent and extensive stock- 
 growers of that section of the state. He acquired a 
 large landed estate and has made the same one of the 
 valuable properties of Madison county, all the while 
 he has been inlluential in connection with the civic 
 and industrial development and upbuilding of this fine 
 commonwealth, to which his loyalty and allegiance have 
 ever been of the staunchest type. On his fine ranch 
 property he is now living virtually retired, enjoying 
 the gracious rewartls of former years of earnest toil 
 and endeavor and secure in the high esteem of all who 
 know him. His wife is likewise a native of the fine 
 old Buckeye state. She was born at Salina, Athens 
 county, Ohio, on the 2d of January, i860, and as a 
 girl she came with her parents to Montana, her father 
 becoming one of the early settlers in the vicinity of 
 Pony, Madison county, where he became a citizen of 
 prominence and inlluence and where both he and his 
 wife passed the residue of their lives. The marriage 
 of Mr. and Mrs. Bell was solemnized in 1882, and of 
 their four children three are living, — Clarence N., who 
 is a representative farmer and stockgrower near Pony, 
 Madison county; Allie E., who is the immediate subject 
 of this review ; and Frankie M., attending high school 
 at Butte. 
 
 The public schools of the village of Pony afforded 
 Dr. Stockwell her early educational advantages, and 
 in 1901 she was graduated in the high school at Pony, 
 and later attended the Montana Agricultural College 
 at Bozeman. In Pony she formed the acquaintance of 
 William 1 . Stockwell, to whom her marriage was sol- 
 emnized in 1908, no children having been born of this 
 union. Reared to the free and invigorating discipline 
 of the ranch. Dr. Stockwell represents the best type of 
 Montana womanhood, and she is known as an expert 
 horsewoman and rifle shot and as one who is especially 
 fond of all those outdoor sports, recreations and ad- 
 vantages which make for mental and physical vigor. 
 Her deep appreciation of the great value of mens Sana 
 in cort’orc sano undoubtedly had definite influence in 
 her adoption of a profession which teaches nature’s 
 laws and is based on their observance. Impressed with 
 the distinctive legitimacy and effectiveness of the science 
 of osteop.'ithy, she finallv entered the mother institu- 
 
 tion of the profession, the American School of Osteop- 
 athy, at Kirksville, Missouri, in which she completed 
 the prescribed curriculum and was graduated as a mem- 
 ber of the class of 1906, receiving from this admirable 
 institution her coveted and well-earned degree of Doc- 
 tor of Osteopathy. 
 
 Dr. Stockwell initiated the practice of her profession 
 at Pony, her native town, and her success has been 
 of unequivocal order. She removed to the city of 
 Butte in 1908 and here she has built up a large and 
 representative practice, the extent and personnel of 
 which gives her precedence as one of the leading repre- 
 sentatives of the science of osteopathy in her home 
 state. For some time after her removal to Butte Dr. 
 Stockwell was associated in practice with Hugh Thomas 
 Ashlock and they maintained a splendid suite of offices 
 in the Owsley building. Since the removal of Dr. 
 Ashlock from Butte, Dr. Stockwell has continued an 
 individual practice, with a fine suite of apartments in 
 the Napton building, one of the exclusive apartment 
 buildings of the city. She is devoted to her chosen work 
 and in the same her success offers the best voucher 
 for her ability and personal popularity. She holds 
 membership in the American Osteopathic Association 
 and is prominently identified with the Woman’s Club 
 of Butte, the while she is a popular factor in the repre- 
 sentative social activities of the metropolis of her native 
 state. She is a member of the Episcopal church. 
 
 Frank and Laura Bell, paternal grandparents of Dr. 
 Stockwell, were both natives of Maryland and were 
 early settlers in Ohio, where the former continued to 
 reside until his death, his wife having passed the clos- 
 ing days of her life in Butte, Montana, where she died 
 in 1908, at the venerable age of eighty-nine years. 
 The maternal grandparents of the doctor were Joshua 
 and Eleanor Noble and, as already intimated, they 
 were numbered among the pioneers of Madison county, 
 Montana, where they continued to reside until their 
 death. The father of Dr. Stockwell found in Mon- 
 tana ample opportunities for effective effort along nor- 
 mal lines of industrial enterprise, and he is now one 
 of the honored and wealthy retired ranchmen of 
 Madison county, where he has ever held secure vantage 
 ground in the confidence and esteem of the commun- 
 ity. 
 
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