DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER LIBRARY HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS Kenneth L Ha. weeks 1 y 2005TY MEDICAL Sfoliii 12-25 ODEE’K'S BLU, OREST SILLS, 5, Y, ^oR ' 1 / Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/illustrationsofm01 hass ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH AND - CASE. BY ARTHUR HILL HASSALL, M.B., Author of a “History of Brit Mi Fresh-water Algte; !•'■ * I.irmaean Society; Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England; one ™ i:..- i ii of the London Botanical Society; Corresponding Member of the Dublin ' ; ..v < i Listory Society, &c. WITH ADDITIONS HENRY VANARSDALE, M.D. NEW YORK: WILLIAM WOOD & COMPANY. 1869. PUBLISHER’S PREFACE. The very accurate and beautiful Illustrations of Microscopic Anatomy by Mr. Hassall have been for some time out of print. Believing that they are as valuable as any that could be produced, the publishers have ventured to republish the Illustrations and explanatory text by themselves, making a volume of plates equally adapted for use alone or in connection with any treatise upon the subject. The New Yc-ek Printing Company, 8 i , 83 , and 85 Centre St., New York. INDEX OE THE ILLUSTRATIONS THE WHOLE OF THE FOLLOWING ILLUSTRATIONS ARE ORIGINAL, WITH BUT NINE EXCEPTIONS. BLOOD. Corpuscles of man, the red with the centres clear, 070 diam Plate i. Fig. 1 The same, the red with the centres dark, 670 diam “ I. “2 The same, seen in water, 670 diam “ i. “3 The same, the red united into rolls, 670 diam “ I. “ 4 Tuberculated condition of the red corpuscles, 670 diam “ i. “5 White corpuscles of man in water, 670 diam “ i. “ 6 Corpuscles of frog, 670 diam “ ir. “ 1 The same, with the nucleus of the red visible, 670 diam “ n. “2 The same, in water, 670 diam “ n. “ 3 The same, after prolonged action of water, 670 diam “ ir. “ 4 Nuclei of red corpuscles of frog, 670 diam “ n. “ 5 Elongation of red corpuscles of ditto, 670 diam “ n. “ 6 Corpuscles of the dromedary, 670 diam “ in. “ 1 The same of the siren, 670 diam “ in. “ 2 The same of the alpaco, 670 diam “ hi. “ 3 The same of the elephant, 670 diam “ iv. “ 1 The same of the goat, 670 diam “ iy. “ 2 Peculiar concentric corpuscles in blood, 670 diam “ rv. “ 3 Coagulated fibrin, 670 diam “ iv. “ 4 The same with granular corpuscles, 670 diam “ iv. “ 5 Corpuscles of earth-worm, 670 diam “ iv. “ 6 Circulation in tongue of frog, 350 diam “ v. “ 1 The same in web of the foot of ditto, 350 diam “ v. “ 2 Corpuscles in vessels of the same, 670 diam “ yi. “ 1 White corpuscles in vessels of the same, 900 diam “ vi. “ 2 Glands of tongue of frog, 130 diam “ Vli. “ 1 Under surface of tongue of same, 500 diam “ vn. “ 2 Red corpuscles of embryo of fowl, 670 diam “ IX. “ 1 The same, in water, 570 diam “ ix. “ 2 Red corpuscles of adult fowl, 670 diam “ ix. “ 3 The same of young frog, 670 diam “ ix. “ 4 The same of the adult frog, 670 diam “ ix. “ 5 The same united into chains, 670 diam “ ix. “ 6 DEVELOPMENT OP EMBRYO OF CHICK. The cicatricula prior to incubation Plate The same at the end of first day of incubation The same at the thirty-sixth hour The same at the close of the second day The same at the end of the third day The embryo on the conclusion of the fourth day The same at the termination of the fifth day The embryo of six days old The embryo of the ninth day of development The same at the end of the seventh day, detached Ditto at the end of the ninth day, also detached X. Fig. 1 X. “ 2 X. “ 3 X. “ 4 X. “ 5 X. “ 6 X. “ 7 X. “ 8 X. “ 9 X. “ 10 X. “ 11 MUCUS. Corpuscles of, in their ordinary condition, 670 diam The same collapsed, 670 diam The same, showing the action of water, 670 diam The same acted on by dilute acetic acid, 670 diam The same after the action of undilute acetic acid, 670 diam. The same in process of development, 670 diam Vaginal mucus, 670 diam CEsophageal mucus, 670 diam Bronchitic ditto, 670 diam Vegetation in mucus, 670 diam Mucus of stomach, 670 diam Vaginal tricho-monas U XI. u 1 u XI. u 2 u XI. «( 3 u XI. «( 4 (l XI. 44 5 u XI. u 6 “ XII. (C 1 44 XII. 44 2 44 XII. u 3 u XII. u 4 u XII. 44 5 u XII. u 6 PUS. Corpuscles of laudable pus, 670 diam The same acted on by acetic acid, 670 diam. . . The same treated with water, 670 diam Epithelial scales from pustule, 670 diam Corpuscles from scrofulous abscess, 670 diam. Vibrios in venereal pus, 670 diam XIII. u 1 XIII. u 2 xm. 41 3 XIII. 44 4 XIII. 44 5 XIII. 44 6 MILK. Globules of healthy milk of woman, 670 diam “ xrv. “ 1 The same of impoverished human milk, 670 diam “ xrv. “ 2 Colostrum, 670 diam “ xrv. “ 3 Ditto, with several corpuscles, 670 diam “ xrv. “ 4 Globules of large size, 670 diam “ xrv. “ 5 Ditto, aggregated into masses, 670 diam “ xrv. “ 6 Pus in the milk of woman, 670 diam “ xv. “ 1 Blood-corpuscles in the human milk, 670 diam “ xv. “ 2 Globules after treatment by ether, 670 diam “ xv. “ 3 The same after the application of acetic acid, 670 diam “ xv. “ 4 Caserne globules, 670 diam Plate xv. Big. 5 Milk of cow adulterated with flour, 670 diam “ xv. “ 6 SEMEN. Spermatozoa and spermatophori of man, 900 diam “ xyi. “ 1 Spermatozoa of certhia familiaris “ xvi. “ 2 FAT. The fat vesicles of a child, 130 diam “ xviii. “ 1 Ditto of an adult, 130 diam “ xvin. “ 2 Ditto of the pig, with apparent nucleus, 130 diam. “ xix. “ 1 Ditto of the same, ruptured, 130 diam “ xix. “ 2 Ditto of marrow of the femur of a child, 130 diam “ XIX. “ 3 Ditto, with the membranes of the vesicles ruptured, 130 diam “ xix. “ 4 Crystals on human fat vesicles, 130 diam “ xix. “ 5 Fat vesicles in melicerous tumour, 130 diam “ xix. “ 6 Ditto contained in parent cells, 120 diam “ lxix. “ 10 Ditto after the absorption of the parent cell-membrane, 120 diam “ lxix. “ 11 EPITHELIUM. Buccal epithelial cells, 670 diam “ xx. “ 1 Cuneiform ditto from duodenum, 670 diam. “ xx. “ 2 Ciliary epithelium from trachea of frog, 670 diam “ xxi. “ 1 Human ciliary epithelium from lung, 670 diam “ xxi. “ 2 Ditto from trachea, 670 diam “ xxi. “ 3 Tessellated epithelium from tongue of frog, 670 diam “ xxi. “ 4 Ditto from tongue of triton, 670 diam “ xxi. “ 5 Ditto from serous coat of liver, 670 diam “ xxn. “ 1 Ditto from choroid plexus, 670 diam “ xxii. “ 2 Ditto from vena cava inferior, 670 diam “ xxii. “ 3 Ditto from arch of the aorta, 670 diam “ xxii. “ 4 Ditto from surface of the uterus, 670 diam “ xxii. “ 5 Ditto from the internal surface of the pericardium, 670 diam “ xxii. “ 6 Ditto of lateral ventricles of brain, 670 diam “ xxvi. “6e Ditto of mouth of menobranchus lateralis, 670 diam “ xxvi. “6d EPIDERMIS. Upper surface of epidermis, 130 diam “ xxm. “ 1 Under surface of ditto, 130 diam. “ xxiii. “ 2 Epidermis of palm, viewed with a lens only “ xxiv. “ 1 Ditto, magnified 100 diam “ xxiv. “ 2 Vertical section of ditto, 100 diam “ xxiv. “ 3 Ditto of one of the ridges, 100 diam. “ xxiv. “ 4 Epidermis from back of hand, viewed with a lens “ xxiv. “ 5 A portion of same more highly magnified, 100 diam “ xxrv. “ 6 Epidermis from back of hand, 100 diam “ xxvr. “ 1 Ditto, viewed on its under surface, 100 diam A “ xxvi. Portion of ditto, with insertion of hairs, 100 diam “ xxvi. 3 Ditto from back of neck, 670 diam Detatched cells of epidermis, 670 diam Cells of vernix caseosa, 130 diam Cells of ditto, 670 diam Plate xxvi. Fig. 5 “ xxvi. “6x “ xxvi. “6 b “ xxvi. “6o NAILS. Longitudinal section of nail, 130 diam Ditto, showing unusual direction of strise, 130 diam Ditto, with different distribution of striae, 130 diam Transverse section of nail, 130 diam Cells of which the layers are formed, 130 diam. and 670 diam. Union of nail with true skin, 100 diam PIGMENT CELLS. Cells of pigmentum nigrum (human), 760 diam Ditto of the same of the eye of a pig, 350 diam Stellate cells of lamina fusca, 100 diam Ditto more highly magnified, 350 diam Cells of skin of negro, 670 diam Ditto from lung, 670 diam Cells in epidermis of negro, 350 diam Ditto in areola of nipple, 350 diam Ditto of bulb of hair, 670 diam HAIR. Bulb of hair, 130 diam R.oot of a gray hair, 130 diam Cells of outer sheath, 670 diam Portion of inner sheath, 350 diam Stem of gray hair of scalp, 350 diam Transverse section of hair of beard, 130 diam. Another section of the same, 130 diam Fibres of the stem of the hair, 670 diam Apex of hail- of perineum, 350 diam Ditto of scalp, terminating in fibres, 350 diam Ditto of same with needle-like extremity, 850 diam Root of hair of scalp, 130 diam Another form of same, 130 diam Hair with two medullary canals, 130 diam Insertion of hairs in follicles, 100 diam Disposition of hairs on back of hand CARTILAGE. Transverse section of cartilage of rib, 350 diam Parent dells seen in section of ditto, 350 diam Vertical section of articular cartilage, 130 diam Ditto of intervertebral cartilage, 80 diam Cartilage of concha of ean( 350 diam “ XXV. “ 1 “ xxv. “ 2 “ xxv. “ 3 “ xxv. “ 4 “ xxv. “ 5 “ xxvi. “ 4 ‘ XXVII. “ 1 ‘ XXVII. “ 2 ‘ xxvii. “ 3 ‘ xxvii. “4 a ‘ xxvii. “4b ‘ xxvii. “4c ‘ xxvii. “ 5 ‘ xxvii. “ 6 ‘ xxviii. “ 5 “ XXVIII. “ 1 “ xxviii. “ 2 “ xxviii. “ 3 “ xxviii. “ 4 “ xxix. “ 1 “ xxix. “ 2 “ xxix. “ 3 “ xxix. “ 4 “ xxix “ 5 “ xxix. “ 6 “ xxix. “ 7 “ xxix. “ 8 “ xxix. “ 9 “ xxix. “ 10 “ xxvi. “ 3 “ xxrv. “ 5 “ xxx. “ 1 “ xxx. “ 3 “ xxx. “ 3 “ xxx. “ 4 “ xxxi “ 1 Cells of inter- vertebral cartilage, 350 diam Plate xxxi. Fig. Section of cartilage and bone of rib, 130 diam “ xxxi. “ Ditto of one of the rings of the trachea, 350 diam “ xxxi. “ Ditto of thyroid cartilage with fibres, 130 diam “ xxxi. “ Cartilage of ossification, 100 diam “ xxxiv. “ Section of primary cancelli, 350 diam “ xxxiv. “ Ditto of same, more advanced, 350 diam “ xxxiv. “ Cartilage of ossification, 350 diam “ xxxiv. “ Section of cartilaginous epiphysis, 30 diam “ xxxv. “ Ditto of same, with bone, 30 diam “ xxxv. “ Ditto of same, more highly magnified, 330 diam “ xxxv. “ Section of cartilage and bone of rib, 130 diam “ xxxv. “ BONE. Transverse section of ulna, 60 diam “ xxxn. “ Cross-section of Haversian canals, 220 diam “ xxxn. “ Ditto of same more highly magnified, 670 diam “ xxxn. “ Longitudinal section of long bone, 40 diam “ xxxn. “ Parietal bone of foetus, 30 diam “ xxxm. “ Portion of same more highly magnified, 60 diam “ xxxm. “ Spicula of bone of foetal humerus, 350 diam “ xxxiii. “ Lamina of a long bone, 500 diam “ xxxm. “ Cancelli of long bone of foetus, 350 diam “ xxxm. “ Section of femur of pigeon fed on madder, 220 diam “ xxxm. “ Section of epiphysis and shaft of foetal femur, 100 diam “ xxxiv. “ Transverse section of primary cancelli, 350 diam “ xxxiv. “ Section of cancelli more advanced, 350 diam “ xxxiv. “ Ditto of epiphysis and shaft of foetal femur, 350 diam “ xxxiv. “ Ditto of cartilaginous epiphysis of humerus, 30 diam “ xxxv. “ Ditto of same with bone, 30 diam “ xxxv. “ The same more highly magnified, 330 diam “ xxxv. “ Blood-vessels and medullary cells “ xxxv. “ Section of shaft of foetal long bone, 20 diam “ xxxv. “ Ditto of bone and cartilage of rib, 130 diam “ xxxv. “ TEETH. Yertical section of incisor tooth, seen with lens “ xxxvi. “ Tubes of dentine near their termination, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ A not unfrequent condition of same, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ Tubes of dentine near their commencement, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ Oblique section of tubes of dentine, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ Transverse section of ditto, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ Transition of tubes into bone cells, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ Dilatation of ditto into bone cells, 670 diam “ xxxvi. “ Section of cementum, 670 diam “ xxxvn. “ Ditto of same traversed by tubes, 670 diam “ xxxvn. “ Ditto of same showing angular cells, 670 diam “ xxxvn. “ Fungus on section of dentine, 670 diam “ xxxvn. “ Oil-like globules on section of same, 350 diam “ xxxvn. “ 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 Section of secondary dentine, 350 diam Plate x x xvil. Pig. 6 Ditto of bicuspid tooth seen with lens only “ xxxvn. “ 7 Vertical section of enamel, 220 diam “ xxxix. “ 3 Enamel cells seen lengthways, 670 diam “ xxxix. “ 4 Cross-seotion of cells of enamel, 670 diam “ xxxix. “ 5 FIBROUS TISSUE. Longitudinal section of tendon, 670 diam “ xxxix. “ 1 Transverse section of same, 670 diam “ xxxix. “ 2 White fibrous tissue, 670 diam “ xxxix. “ 6 Mixed ditto, 670 diam “ xxxix. “ 7 Yellow fibrous tissue, 670 diam “ XL. “ 1 Different form of ditto, 670 “ XL. “ 2 Development of blood-vessels, 350 diam “ XL. “ 3 Areolar form of mixed fibrous tissue, 330 diam “ XL. “ 4 Blood-vessels of pia mater, 350 diam “ XL. ,, 5 Development of white fibrous tissue, 670 diam “ XLm. “ 2 Portion of dartos, 670 diam “ xliii. “ 3 Section of corpora cavernosa, slightly magnified “ xliii. “ 4 MUSCLE. Portion of striped muscle, 60 diam Fragment of unstriped ditto, 670 diam Muscular fibrillae of the heart, 670 diam Fragment of striped muscle of frog, 350 diam Fibres and fibrillas of voluntary muscle, 350 diam. , Fibres acted on by acetic acid, 350 diam Ditto in different degrees of contraction, 350 diam Union of muscle with tendon, 130 diam Transverse section of muscular fibres, 350 diam . . , Fibres of voluntary muscle of foetus, 660 diam Zigzag disposition of fibres, 350 diam Striped muscular fibre and fibrillae, 670 diam XLI. “ 1 XLI. “ 2 XLI. “ 3 XLI. “ 4 XLII. “ 1 xxn. “ 2 xlii. “ 3 xlii. “ 4 XLII. “ 5 xxm. “ 1 XLm. “ 5 xliii. “ 6 NERVES. Tubes of motor nerve, 670 diam The same after the action of spirit, 670 diam The same after the action of acetic acid, 670 diam. . . Portion of Casserian ganglion, 350 diam Nerve tubes of cerebellum, 670 diam Ditto of cerebrum, with clear cells, 670 diam Varicose condition of ditto, 670 diam Filaments of great sympathetic, 670 diam Cells of gray matter of cerebellum, 670 diam Ditto of same, inner stratum, 670 diam Caudate ganglionary cells, 350 diam (Spinal cord, Medulla oblongata, Cerebellum.) Ditto from locus niger of crus cerebelli, 350 diam Ik XLIV. XL IV. XL IV. XLIV. XL IV. XLIV. XLIV. XLV. XLV. XLV. XLV. 44 1 u v> “ 3 “ 4 u 5 14 6 44 7 44 1 44 4 XLV. 5 Minute caudate from hippocampus major, 350 diam Ditto from locus niger of crus cerebri, 350 diam Pacinian bodies, natural size Ditto, magnified 60 diam A single Pacinian body, 100 diam An anomalous Pacinian body Two other anomalous Pacinian bodies Cells from corpus dentatum of cerebellum, 350 diam Plate xlv. Fig. 6 “ xlv. “ 7 “ xlvi. “ 1 “ xlvi. “ 2 “ XLVI. “ 3 “ XLVI. “ 4 “ XLYI. “ 5 “ XLYI. “ 6 lungs. Pleural surface of lung, 30 diam Ditto, with vessels of first order, 30 diam Ditto, magnified 100 diam Section of lung injected with tallow, 100 diam Casts of air-cells, 350 diam Section of lung injected with size, 100 diam Pleural surface of lung, with vessels of second order, 100 diam. Section of lung, with air-cells uninjected, 100 diam Capillaries of lung, 100 diam “ XLVII. “ 1 “ XL VII. “ 2 “ XL VII. “ 3 “ XLVIII. “ 1 “ XLVIII. “ 2 “ XLVIII. “ 3 “ XLIX. “ 1 “ XLIX. “ 2 “ XLIX. “ 3 GLANDS. Follicles of stomach, with epithelium, 100 diam Ditto of large intestine, in similar condition, 100 diam Ditto of same, without epithelium, 60 diam Termination of follicles of large intestine, 60 diam. . . . Follicles of Lieberkiihn in duodenum, 60 diam Vessels of ditto of appendix vermiformis, 100 diam. . . Ditto of same of stomach of cat, 100 diam Stomach tubes , cross-section of, 100 diam Longitudinal view of stomach tubes, 220 diam Ditto of the same, 100 diam Villi of small intestine, with epithelium, 100 diam. . . . Ditto, without epithelium, showing lacteals, 100 diam. Vessels of villi in duodenum, 60 diam Ditto of same in jejunum, 60 diam Ditto of same of foal, 60 diam Solitary glands of small intestine, natural size Ditto of large intestine, slightly magnified Aggregated or Peyer's glands , 20 diam Side view of same, 20 diam Sebaceous glands in connection with hair, 33 diam Ditto from caruncula lachrymalis An entire Meibomian gland , 27 diam Illustrations of mucous glands, 35 diam Parotid gland of embryo of sheep, 8 diam Ditto of human subject, further developed, 40 diam. . . Mammary gland , portion of, slightly magnified Ditto of same, with milk globules, 90 diam “ L. “ 1 “ L. “ 2 “ L. “ 6 “ L. “ 7 “ in. “ 5 “ li. “ 1 “ li. “ 2 “ l. “ 3 “ L. “ 4 “ L. “ 5 “ LII. “ 1 “ LII. “ 2 “ LI. “ 3 “ LI. “ 4 “ LI. “ 5 “ LXII. “ 6 “ LI. “ 6 “ LII. “ 3 “ LII. “ 4 “ Lin. “ 3 “ Lin. “ 1 “ Lm. “ 2 “ liii. “ 4 “ LIV. “ 1 “ LIV. “ 2 “ LIV. “ 5 “ LIV. “ 3 Plate Ditto of same more highly magnified, 198 diam Liver , section of, showing the lobules, 35 diam Surface of ditto, showing the intra-lobular veins, 15 diam . . Section of liver showing the hepatic venous plexus, 20 diam Vessels of portal system, 20 diam Section of liver, showing inter-] obular vessels, 24 diam Surface of liver, showing portal capillary system, 20 diam . . Ditto, showing both hepatic and portal venous systems, 20 diam. . . . Ditto, with both systems completely injected, 20 diam Ditto, with portal vein and hepatic artery, 18 diam A terminal biliary duct, 378 diam Secreting cells of liver in healthy state, 378 diam Ditto, gorged with bile, 378 diam Ditto, containing oil globules, 378 diam Prostate gland, calculi of, 45 diam New tubular gland in axilla, 54 diam Tubulus of ditto, 198 diam Ceruminous glands, portions of, 45 diam Sudoriferous gland, tubulus of, 198 diam Kidney, tubes of, with epithelium, 99 diam Cross-section of elastic framework, 99 diam Ditto of framework and tubes, 99 diam Section of vessels in tubular part of kidney, 33 diam The same vessels seen lengthways, 33 diam Tubes with epithelium, 378 diam Corpora Malpighiana of kidney, injected, 40 diam Uriniferous tubes of a bird, 40 diam Corpora Malpighiana of the horse, 40 diam Inter -tubular vessels of surface of kidney, 90 diam Transverse section of injected kidney, 67 diam Uninjected corpora Malpighiana With capsule, 100 diam Without ditto, 100 diam Malpighian body, more highly magnified, 125 diam Afferent and efferent vessels of Malpighian tuft, 45 diam Epithelial cells of the tubes, 378 diam Testis, tubes of, 27 diam Tubes of ditto, more highly magnified, 99 diam Vessels of thyroid gland, injected, 18 diam V esicles of ditto viewed with a lens only Ditto of same, magnified 40 diam Ditto of same, showing the structure of their walls, 67 diam Lobes and vesicles of same in their ordinary condition, 27 diam Nuclei of vesicles of thyroid, 378 diam Follicles of thymus, with vessels, 33 diam Capsule of ditto, 54 diam Nuclei and simple cells of same, 378 diam Compound or parent cells of ditto, 378 diam Spleen , nuclei and vessels of, 378 diam Supra-renal capsule, plexus on surface of, 54 diam Tubes of ditto, 90 diam Nuclei, parent cells, and molecules of ditto, 378 diam Vessels of supra-renal capsule, 90 diam Pineal gland, compound bodies of, 130 diam Pituitary gland, cells and fibrous tissue of, 350 diam U Li liv. Fig. 6 liv. “ 4 lv. “ 1 lv. “ 2 iv. “ 3 lv. “ 4 lv. “ 5 LYT. “ 3 LVI. “ 4 LVI. “ 2 lvii. “ 1 LVII. “ LVTI. “ LVII. “2c LVII. “ 3 LVII. “4 A LVII. “4b LVII. “ 5 LVII. “ 4 C LVIII. “ 1 LVIII. “ 2 Lvm. “ 3 LVIII. “ 4 Lvrn. “ 5 LVIII. “ 6 LXIX. “ 1 LIX. “ 3 LIX. “ 4 LIX. “ 5 LX. “ 2 “ “ A “ “ B LX. “3 a lx. “3b lx. “3 c LX. “ 1 LX. “ 4 LXI. “ 1 LXI. “ 2 LXI. “ 3 LXI. “ 4 LXI. “ 5 LXI. “ 6 LXI. “ 7 LXI. “ S LXI. “ 9 LXI. “ 10 LXII. “ 1 LXII. “ 2 lxii. “3 a lxii. “36 LXII. “ 5 LXIX. “ 7 LXIX. “ 8 to to ANATOMY OF THE SENSE OF TOUCH. Epidermis of palm of hand, 40 diam Ditto of back of hand, 40 diam Papillae of palm of hand, 54 diam Ditto of back of hand, 54 diam Epidermis of palm, under surface of, 54 diam Ditto of back of hand, under surface of, 54 diam Vessels of papillae of palm of hand, 54 diam Ditto of same of back of hand, 54 diam Plate lxiii. Fig. 1 “ lxiii. “ 2 “ lxiii. “ 3 “ lxiii. “ 4 “ lxiii. “ 5 “ LXIII. “ 6 “ LXIII. “ 7 “ LXIII. “ 8 ANATOMY OF THE SENSE OF TASTE. Filiform papillae, with long epithelial appendages, 41 diam. . . Ditto, with shorter epithelial processes, 27 diam Ditto, without epithelium, near apes of tongue, 27 diam Ditto, without epithelium, near centre of same, 31 diam Filiform and fungiform papilla, without epithelium, 27 diam Peculiar form of compound papillae, 27 diam Filiform papillae in different states, 27 diam Ditto, with epithelium partially removed, 27 diam Follicles of tongue, with epithelium, 27 diam Ditto, without epithelium, 27 diam Ditto, viewed as an opaque object, 27 diam Filiform papillae from point of tongue, 27 diam Follicles and papillae from side of ditto, 20 diam Simple papillae, with epithelium, 45 diam Filiform papillje, with ditto, 18 diam The same, viewed with a lens only Side view of certain compound papillae, 20 diam Simple papilla from under surface of tongue, 54 diam Compound and simple ditto from side of tongue, 23 diam A calyciform papilla, uninjected, 16 diam Ditto, with the vessels injected, 16 diam Filiform papillae near centre of tongue, injected, 27 diam Ditto near tip of tongue, injected, 27 diam Simple papillae, injected, 27 diam Fungiform ditto, injected, 27 diam lxiv. LXIV. LXIV. LXIV. LXIV. LXIV. LXIV. LXIV. LXV. LXY. LXV. LXV. LXV. LXV. LXV. LXV. LXVI. LXVI. LXVI. LXVI. LXVI. LXVI. “ 1 “ 2 “ 3 “ 4 “ 5 “ 6 “ 7 “ 8 “ 1 “ 2 “ 3 “ 4 “ 5 “ 6 “ 7 “ 8 “ 9 “ 10 “ 11 “ 1 “ 2 “ 3 “ 4 “ 5 “ 6 ANATOMY OF THE GLOBE OF THE EYE. Vertical section of cornea, 54 diam A portion of retina, injected, 90 diam Section of sclerotic and cornea, 54 diam Vessels of choroid, ciliary processes, and iris, 14 diam Nuclei of granular layer of retina, 378 diam Cells of the same, 378 diam Ditto of vesicular layer of retina, 378 diam Caudate cells of retina, 378 diam Cells of the membrana Jacobi, 378 diam “ lxvti. “ 1 “ LXVII. “ 2 “ LXVII. “ 3 “ LXVII. “ 4 “ Lxvn. “ 5 “ LXVII. “ 6 “ LXVII. “ 7 “ lxvii. “ 8 “ lxvii. “ 9 Fibres of fcbe crystalline lens ; a, 198 diam. ; 6, 378 diam, A condition of the posterior elastic lamina, 78 diam Peculiar markings on same, 78 diam Crystalline lens of sheep, slightly magnified Fibres of lens near its centre, 198 diam Stellate pigment in eye of sheep, slightly magnified Venae vorticosae of eye of sheep, injected Conjunctival epithelium, oblique view of, 378 diam Ditto, front view of, 378 diam Ciliary muscle, fibres of, 198 diam Gelatinous nerve fibres of retina, 378 diam Cellated structure of vitreous body, 70 diam Fibres on posterior elastic lamina, 70 diam Portion of the iris, 70 diam. Epithelium of crystalline lens, 198 diam Ditto of the aqueous humour, 198 diam Hexagonal pigment of the choroid, 378 diam Stellate pigment of same, 378 diam Irregular pigment of uvea, 378 diam Plate lxvii. Fig. 10 u LXVII. 44 11 u LXVII. 44 12 44 LXVII. a 13 u LXVII. a 14 “ LXVIH. a 1 44 LXVIII. a 2 it Lxvm. a 3 a LXVIEL a 4 44 LXVIII. 44 5 44 LXVIII. u 6 44 LXVIIL u 7 44 LXVIII. 44 8 44 LXVIII. 44 9 it LXVIIL 44 10 a LXVIII. (4 11 44 LXVIII. 44 12 a LXVIII. 44 13 44 LXVIIL 44 14 ANATOMY OF THE NOSE. Mucous membrane of true nasal region, 80 diam “ lxix. “ 1 Ditto of pituitary region, injected, 80 diam “ lxix “ 2 Capillaries of olfactory region of human foetus, 100 diam “ lxix “ 12 ANATOMY OF THE EAR. Denticulate laminae of the osseous zone, 100 diam Tympanic surface of lamina spiralis, 300 diam Inner view of cochlearis muscle of sheep Plexiform arrangement of cochlear nerves in ditto, 30 diam VILLI. Villi of foetal placenta, injected, 54 diam Ditto of choroid plexus, 45 diam LXIX “ 3 LXIX. “ 4 LXIX “ 5 LXIX. “ 6 lxii. “ 4 LXII. “ 9 Plates VIII. , XVII. , and XXXVIII. , omitted in the original edition, are likewise here omitted. The same numbers for the other plates are observed, that the figures in both editions may correspond. The Plates added to the American Edition commence at Plate LXX PLATES ADDED TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. Corpuscles of lymph, 800 diam Plate lxx. Pig. 1 Corpuscles of chyle, 800 diam “ lxx. “ 2 Fat vesicles, injected, 45 diam “ lxx. “ 3 Transverse sections of hair, 450 diam “ lxx. “ 4 Cartilage from finger-joint, 80 diam “ lxx. “ 5 Vessels of synovial membrane, 45 diam “ lxx. “ 6 Injected matrix of finger-nail, 10 diam “ lxxi. “ Vessels of tendon, 60 diam “ lxxii. “ 1 Ditto nearer muscular union, 30 diam “ lxxii. “ 2 Lymphatic gland and vessels, 8 diam “ lxxiii. “ 1 Capillaries and air-cells of foetal lung, 60 diam “ lxxiii. “ 2 Ditto of same of child, 60 diam “ lxxiii. “ 3 Ditto of same of adult, 60 diam “ lxxiii. “ 4 Branchia of an eel, 60 diam “ lxxiii. “ 5 Mucous membrane of foetal stomach, 60 diam “ Lxxrv. “ 1 Ditto, showing cells and cap. ridges of adult, 60 diam “ lxxiv. “ 2 Ditto with cells deeper and ridges more elevated, 60 diam “ lxxiv. “ 3 Ditto showing gastric villi, 60 diam “ lxxiv. “ 4 Villi of duodenum, 60 diam “ lxxiv. “ 5 Ditto of jejunum, 60 diam “ lxxiv. “ 6 Ditto of ileum, 60 diam “ lxxv. “ 1 Muscular fibres of small intestine, 60 diam “ lxxv. “ 2 Appendix vermiformis, 60 diam “ lxxv. “ 3 Mucous follicles of colon, 60 diam “ lxxv. “ 4 Malpighian bodies with uriniferous tubes, of adult, 100 diam “ lxxv. “ 5 Ditto enlarged as in Bright’s disease, 100 diam . . . “ lxxv. “ 6 Enlarged veins of kidney, first stage of Bright’s disease, 100 diam. . “ lxxvi. “ 1 Ditto of same, another view, 100 diam “ lxxvi. “ 2 Stellated veins in third stage of same, 100 diam “ lxxvi. “ 3 Granulation on the surface of kidney, 100 diam “ lxxvi. “ 4 A tube much dilated, 100 diam “ lxxvi. “ 5 Sudoriparous glands and their ducts, 70 diam “ Lxxvir. “ 1 Ditto, more highly magnified, 220 diam “ lxxvii. “ 2 Mucous membrane of gall-bladder, 50 diam Transverse section of muscles of the tongue, 45 diam. . . Terminal vessels in cornea, 45 diam Cornea of viper, showing its vessels, 45 diam Choroid coat of foetal eye, 45 diam Ciliary processes of eye of adult, 45 diam Mucous lining of unimpregnated uterus, 35 diam Ditto of impregnated uterus, 35 diam Tuft of placenta, 60 diam Papillae of gum, 45 diam Ditto of lip, 45 diam Blood-vessels in mucous membrane of trachea, 45 diam Ditto of buccal membrane, 60 diam Ditto of mucous membrane of bladder, 60 diam Plate lxxvii. Fig. 3 . “ LXXVIL “ 4 “ lxxviii. “ 1 “ lxxviil “ 3 “ lxxviii. “ 3 “ lxxviii. “ 4 “ lxxviii. “ 5 “ LXXVIIL “ 6 “ LXXIX. “ 1 “ LXXIX “ 3 “ LXXIX. “ 3 “ LXXIX “ 4 “ LXXIX “ 5 “ LXXIX “ 6 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. Plate I. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. The Blood of Man. 1. The human red blood corpuscle, showing its natural form and appearance when brought fully into focus, in which case the centre always appears light. Scattered over the field will be seen one or two white corpuscles. 2. The same, with the centre dark, in consequence of the object not being brought fully into focus. 3. The same in water, in which the red globules lose their flat- tened and discoidal form, becoming circular, and presenting a smaller surface to view ; the white corpuscles at the same time, and under the influence of the same agent, are seen to have increased considerably in size. 4. The same, united into rolls, as of miniature money in appearance. 5. The same, showing the peculiar granulated and vesiculated appearance which they so frequently present under such different circumstances. 6. The white corpuscles of the blood, in water, in which they enlarge considerably in dimensions, often appear nucleated, and after long immersion, burst. o o Plcute I H Miller, del J&C.KellogJ.litii Plate II. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. The Blood of the Frog. Fig. 1. The blood-corpuscle of the frog, both red and white, with the nucleus of the former seen indistinctly. 2. The same, with the nucleus distinctly visible, the difference arising from the greater length of time during which the latter has been removed from the system. 3. The same, in water, showing the change of form which the red blood-corpuscle, as well as its contained nucleus, under- goes in that fluid, and also the enlargement of the white corpuscles. 4. The same, showing the effect of the prolonged action of water on the red corpuscles ; the nuclei are now not merely circular, but most of them have become eccentric, and certain of them have escaped altogether from the mem- branous capsular portion of the corpuscles, which and the nuclei are seen lying side by side as distinct structures. 5. The nuclei, separate from the capsule by the action of acetic acid. 6. Shows the extraordinary deformity and elongation of which the red blood-corpuscles are susceptible when subject to any extending force, or even to lateral pressure. In the figure, the extension has been exerted on the corpuscles by means of the filaments which fibrin in coagulating runs into, and a portion of one of which may be seen uniting the corpuscles. EC.K®og|,litiL Plccte II Plate III. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. For the blood from which the figures contained in this plate were made, as well as some of those of the following plate, I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Ogilby, the Secretary of the Zoological Society, who, on my application to him, promptly and courteously forwarded to me the permission requisite to enable me to obtain it. Fig. 1. The red and white blood-corpuscles of the dromedary ; in water, the former became perfectly spherical. 2. The same, of the Siren. b The same, of the Alpaco. 1 Plate 111 . AO \ - ' n l r - M } V ” A VJ r\‘P. ; Pj ^ P- #= Pi r - % O W- „ V) * < ",P 'C a l. 4 c uU , . ^ Vp La : P9jd t; - r/" tv © fr 3 Plate IV. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. 1. Represents the blood corpuscles of the elephant, red and white, which are the largest hitherto discovered among the mammalia. 2. Exhibits the blood corpuscles of the goat, both red and white, which are among the smallest as yet made known in the class to which they belong. 3. Peculiar concentric corpuscles, taken twenty-four hours after death from a polypus contained in the heart of an old man. 4. A portion of fibrin, removed from a small cavity situated beneath the buffy coating formed on some blood which had been abstracted from a woman, the subject of epileptic fits, and for which she was bled ; it exhibits the granular and fibrous structure, which the spontaneously coagulable element of the blood invariably assumes in solidifying. 5. A portion of fibrin, constituting the buffy coat, and which formed a thick membrane on the surface of the blood abstracted from the woman already alluded to ; it exhibits more clearly the fibrous construction of the fibrin, the fibres being rendered more apparent by the action of corrosive sublimate, and also some of the white corpuscles which are found usually in such abundance in the so-called inflamma- tory crust. All false membranes have a constitution pre- cisely similar. 6. Blood corpuscles of the earth-worm in various states; those contained in the lower half of the circle represent them as they appear in the liquor sanguinis , or plasma, in which most of the corpuscles speedily assume a stellate form, as do those of most of the invertebrate animals, and in which state they bear a close resemblance to the hispid pollen granules of the order Composite ; the stellate form of the corpuscles is speedily followed by their considerable enlarge- ment, rupture, and disaggregation ; the corpuscles repre- sented in the upper half of the circle have been acted upon by water, in which they quickly lose their radiate aspect, swell, increase to two or three times their original dimen- sions, exhibit their contained molecules more clearly, and which may frequently be seen in a state of the greatest activity ; finally, the corpuscles become deformed in shape and burst. It may here be remarked, that the blood of most of the Invertebrata is colourless, arising from the fact of their blood containing but one form of corpuscle, the colourless blood corpuscle. In the Annelidas, indeed, the blood is red ; the colouring matter, however, is not contained in the corpuscle, but in the plasma. 3 4 5 6 H Miller, del. EC. Kellogg, lith. Plate V. The figures in this plate are magnified 350 diameters. Fig. 1. Exhibits the circulation in a portion of the tongue of the frog ; the larger vessel is seen to be accompanied by a nerve, as is usually the case, and in all the vessels are shown the red and white corpuscles, with their differences of form, size, structure, colour, and position ; the general direction and appearance of the muscular fibres are likewise indicated. 2. Represents the distribution of the smallest capillaries in the web of the foot of the frog, in which it is seen that the blood-corpuscles circulate only in single series ; the pigment cells, cellular tissue of the parenchyma, and the beautiful hexagonal and nucleated tessellate epidermis, are likewise exhibited. Plai t V. Plate VI. 1. Is a, more highly magnified representation of the circulation in the capillaries of the web of the foot of the frog; in it the white and red corpuscles as well as the epidermis are more clearly defined ; two of the white corpuscles are seen to be of an oval form, resulting from compression between the red blood discs and the walls of the vessels. This figure is magnified 670 diameters. 2. Exhibits a portion of a larger vessel, also taken from the web of the foot of the frog ; in it the white corpuscles are seen to have collected in considerable quantity, as they are fre- quently observed to do after long exposure of the web to the action of ihe air ; two cells or globules of a very peculiar structure are likewise figured ; these open on the surface, and possibly are mucous crypts. This representation is magnified 900 diameters. P'Ml VI. 2 Plate VII. Obs . — It is scarcely necessary to observe, that the comparative anatomy figures are introduced in this work for the purpose of illus- trating, in a more satisfactory manner than could be otherwise accomplished, certain points, especially the more obscure ones, con- nected with human anatomy. These figures should, therefore, by no means be regarded as taking the place of any of those which should illustrate human anatomy, and not one of which, deemed to be of importance, will on any account be omitted ; they should be deemed not as substitutes, but as additions to the original design of the work, and which cannot but enhance very considerably its value. Fig. 1. Represents a portion of the under surface of the tongue of the frog, magnified 130 diameters, and on which are seen, first, numerous glands, mostly spherical, and traversed by a tor- tuous vessel, in which the blood-corpuscles are tossed about as it were in a vortex ; and, second, mucous crypts, the apertures of which are apparent. Donne has observed these bodies, but believes them to be formed by nervous loops, and appears to have overlooked the orifices alluded to : these I found to be figured in a drawing of the tongue of the frog, sent me by Dr. Waller, but unaccompanied by any explanation. 2. A portion of the same, magnified 500 diameters, showing the incurrent and excurrent vessel of the gland, the mucous crypts, and the net-work formed by the epithelium. 1 Plate VJI . E.C. Kellogg lith Plate IX. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Development and dissolution of the Red Blood Corpuscles. Fig. 1. Represents the development of the red blood corpuscle of tie embryo fowl, on the third day of its growth, obtained from one of the vessels of the area vasculosa : this is seen to be of many different sizes, the smaller being scarcely a third the volume of the larger discs, and consisting of but little more than a nucleus and an envelope. Numerous molecules are likewise visible, scattered over the field. 2. The same, in water. 3. The red blood corpuscles of the adult fowl, mostly in different stages of dissolution ; the larger and deeply coloured cor- puscles represent the fully-developed discs ; the larger and pale ones, with the distinct nuclei, those the dissolution of which has just commenced ; the smaller and colourless ones, red blood discs in advanced stages of dissolution, the sole remains of which at length is the nucleus, also represented in the figure. 4. The red blood corpuscle of the young frog in different stages of development. First, it is seen as a small and granular body of a circular form ; secondly, it assumes an oval shape, but still retains its granular constitution, and but little exceeds its former dimensions. In this its second stage of develop- ment, it is still colourless : it soon, however, grows in size, and acquires a greater or less degree of colouration ; so that when it has attained one-half or two-thirds of its size, it is nearly as deeply coloured as the full-grown blood disc : the colourless granular nucleus and the coloured and perfectly smooth outer portion of each globule are not at first distinctly separated from each other, the former being at its origin rather large, and without any defined margin : it soon, how- ever, shrinks in size, and assumes a regular oval shape. Crescentic bodies, occasionally met with in the blood of the frog, and probably of vegetable nature, are also represented in the figure. Fig. 5. The red blood corpuscle of the adult frog, in different stages of dissolution. In examining a drop of the blood of a full- grown frog, a much greater uniformity in the size of the red blood discs will be observed, than exists in that of the very young animal, fewer corpuscles being in process of develop- ment in the former than in the latter. 6. Blood corpuscles of the adult frog united into chains, an arrangement which appears to be intimately connected with the coagulation of the fibrin. H Miller, del E.C Kellogg, lith Plate X. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Development of the Embryo of the Chick. Fig. 1. The appearance of the cicatricula in the yolk prior to incubation. 2. The same at the end of the first day of incubation ; the hcdones are now distinctly visible, as also the area pettucida , and nota primitiva, or first rudiment of the young chick. 3. The same at the termination of the thirty-sixth hour of incu- bation ; the halones have become more marked and expanded, the nota primitiva larger, and traces of blood-vessels are now for the first time distinctly visible in the germinal membrane. 4. The same at the close of the second day ; the pulsation of the heart and the vessels of the area vasculosa are clearly visible ; within them the coloured corpuscles may be seen circulating. 5. The same at the end of the third day of development ; the area vascidosa has now extended itself to two or three times its former dimensions. 6. The embryo on the conclusion of the fourth day ; the head, the eye, and the budding of the allantois are now seen in addition to the parts previously noticed. 7. The embryo at the termination of the fifth day ; the wing and the foot have made their appearance ; the limits of the area vasculosa cannot now be seen, it extending over two-thirds of the surface of the egg ; after this and the following day, the periods of its complete development, the area suffers an arrest of growth, and the vessels contract and carry but little blood, until at length they are entirely obliterated. The allantois has on this day attained a considerable size? and its further growth proceeds with the utmost rapidity. Fig. 8. The embryo six days old, with the allantois separated from the area vasculosa and the yolk, &c. 9. The embryo of the ninth day of development, seen through the allantois , which now invests nearly the entire surface of the yolk, and beneath which the collapsed and faintly coloured vessels of the area vasculosa may still be discerned. The purpose fulfilled by the distribution of such innumerable vessels in the membrane of the area vasculosa , and subse- quently in the allantois , is but temporary, and is doubtless connected with respiration, the blood in these vessels being submitted to the influence of the oxygen of the air, which enters the egg through the pores contained in its shell ; the vital fluid is thus regenerated and afterwards reconveyed to the embryo itself, from which it first proceeded. At the completion of the development of the chick, the allantois undergoes the same obliteration of its vessels which the area vasculosa previously suffered. 10. The embryo at the end of the seventh day of development removed from its membranes. 11. The same at the end of the ninth day, also separated from its membranes. Such is a brief sketch of the marvellous development of the embryo of the chick. JT. Miller, del E C Kfillo^.Iith Plate XI. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Mucus. Fig. 1. Mucus corpuscles of their ordinary size, form, and appearance. 2. The same collapsed, owing to the density of the fluid in which they are contained ; these corpuscles are capable of resuming the circular form by the addition of water. 3. Represents the action of water on the mucus-corpuscles, in which they increase very considerably in dimension, the nucleus which is usually single becoming at the same time more distinct. 4. The same acted on by very dilute acetic acid, under the influence of which the originally single nucleus becomes divided into two parts, the portion of the corpuscle external to these remaining granular. 5. Exhibits the action of undilute acetic acid, under which the nucleus becomes divided into from two to five, or even more parts, the enveloping portion of the corpuscle losing its granular texture, and appearing perfectly smooth and transparent. 6. Mucus-corpuscles in process of development, expressed from the cavity of a gland situated in the mucous membrane lining the upper portion of the rectum of a child who died of English cholera. Plate XII. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Mucus. Fig. 1. Represents an example of vaginal mucus obtained during parturition, and containing blood-corpuscles. 2. Is a representation of oesophageal mucus. 3. Exhibits the mucus-corpuscles contained in some bronchitic mucus, and obtained from a patient labouring under chronic bronchitis. The mucus was ropy and tenacious, and many of the corpuscles were rendered of an oval form by the pressure exerted upon them by \he filaments, of which the fluid portion of true mucus is constituted. 4. Vegetation contained in the same mucus as that from which the previous figure was made. 5. Mucus from the stomach. 6. Is a representation of the vaginal tricho-monas of Donne, copied from the atlas appended to the “ Cours de Micro- scopic.” It may here be observed that the above is the only instance of a copied figure being introduced into this work, and that in no case where it is possible to procure subjects for original drawings, will copied ones be admitted. Tlautt Xh 3 A 5 6 E C Kello e s 1: tn E. Miller, del Plate XIII. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Pus. Fig. 1. Is a representation of an example cf laudable pus formed on a granulating surface on the arm of a child, the consequence of a burn. In this figure, one or two oil-globules are likewise introduced. 2. The same acted on by acetic acid, and showing the compound nuclei. 3. Pus-corpuscles treated with water, many of them exhibiting but a single nucleus. This example of pus was obtained from a pustule formed around the root of the nail, andinduced by a prick received during dissection. 4. Epithelial scales remarkable for the great size of their nuclei. and obtained from a small pustule situated beneath the nail of one of the fingers, and which pustule was also the result of a prick received in dissecting. 5. An example of pus obtained from an old scrofulous abscess : the corpuscles in it are seen to be mostly broken up into the primary molecules of which they are constituted. 6. An example of venereal pus, showing the peculiar animalcules described by Donne. The whole of the figures contained in this and the two preceding plates illustrate human microscopic anatomy. T late XIII. E.C Kelloos.lith. Plate XIV. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Milk. Fig. 1. The globules of the healthy milk of a woman. 2. The globules contained in impoverished human milk, which are seen to be smaller in size and fewer in number than in ordinary milk. 3. An example of colostrum, on the first day, obtained from a young woman aged nineteen, delivered of her first child, and showing the size and arrangement of the ordinary milk-glob- ules, as well as the structure and appearance of the peculiar colostrum corpuscles. 4. The same colostrum of the same age, containing a greater number of the colostrum corpuscles. 5. The same colostrum, on the same day, exhibiting the great size of the cream globules, which appear frequently to pre- sent rather the aspect of oil than that of true milk-globules. 6. The milk-globules aggregated into masses, as occurs in cases of engorgement of the breast. fl Miller, del. E.C. Kellogg. Ml. Plate XV. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Milk. Fig. 1. An example of pus in the milk of woman. 2. The same of the blood-corpuscles in human milk. 3. The appearance of the milk after treatment by ether. 4. The same after the application of acetic acid. 5. Caseine precipitated from the filtered serum by acetic acid. 6. A specimen of the milk of the cow in which adulteration with starch was revealed by treatment with the iodide of potassium. For many of the examples of human milk upon which my observa- tions were made, and from which several of the figures were prepared, I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Robert Barnes, District Surgeon to the Queen Adelaide Lying-in Hospital. 1 Plate XVI. Semen. Fig. 1. The spermatic animalcules and “ seminal granules” contained in the human semen as ejaculated, magnified 900 diameters, and to which are added several spermatophori, magnified to the same extent, and introduced to render the representation of the development of the spermatozoa of man more com- plete. The larger seminal granules mostly contained a single distinct nucleus, -which renders it probable that they are spermatophori in progress of development. 2. Represents the several stages of evolution of the spermatic animalcules of certhia familiaris (common creeper) ; l, an adult spermatozoon, taken from the orifice of the vas defe- rens ; a, seminal granule, procured from a very collapsed testicle in the winter season ; b to 7c, spermatophori in differ- ent stages of development, taken from a testicle in summer, during turgescence. Magnified 900 diameters. This figure is copied from Wagner’s “Elements of Special Physiology.” 1 Tlafr XVI. S. Miller del. Plate XVIII. The figures in this plate are magnified 130 diameters. Fat. A portion of the great omentum of a child aged seven years. The fat cells are seen to be small, perfectly globular, and aggregated into clusters, which lie near to and in the course of the blood-vessels. A portion of the fat of an adult taken from over the gluteus muscle. The fat cells in it are observed to be of larger size, and many of them are polyhedral ; these cells are also seen to be held in union by an enclosing membrane of cellu- lar tissue. 2 Plate XIX. The figures in this plate are magnified 130 diameters. Pat. Fig. 1. Fat vesicles of the pig, in which the appearance of a nucleus was produced by moderate compression between two plates of glass. 2. The fat vesicles of the pig, ruptured by compression between two plates of glass : the contents of the cells are seen escaping from their enclosing membranes. 3. Fat cells, forming part of the marrow contained in the femur of a child aged about ten years ; in these a large nucleUs-like body is visible, the formation of which probably depended upon a change in the condition of the contents of the cells induced by decomposition. 4. The same cells in a further stage of decomposition : the membranes of the cells have become ruptured, and are clearly seen broken and empty, lying beside their escaped contents, which either become broken up, and assume the form of drops of oil of different sizes, or remain entire, in which case they frequently exhibit the crystalline appearance portrayed in figure 5. 5. Human fat vesicles, on the surface of which crystals, supposed to be those of margaric acid, radiating from a centre, have appeared : their presence is to be regarded as an indication that decomposition has begun to affect the contents of the cells. 6. Fat cells, contained in a small melicerous tumour removed from over the nasal bones, in all of which a nucleus-like body was clearly visible. The tumour from which the figure was taken was kindly forwarded for examination by Mr. Ransom, of the University College Hospital. 1 2 ’ > A f A I / V . I 4 V'JL k>- is OT Plate, XIX Plate XX. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Fig. 1. Buccal epithelial cells in different stages of development, from their earliest condition, in which they bear the form of mucus-corpuscles, to their fully developed state. For a representation of the epithelial cells of the vagina and oesojAagus, see Plate XII., Jigs. 1 and 2. 2. Cylindrical or cuneiform epithelial cells, taken from the duode- num of a child seven days old : those of the adult are in every respect identical ; the group of angular cells at the inferior part of the figure represents the summits of the cuneiform epithelial cells. Plate XX. -.“I m : filer del. E.C. Kellogg, lith. Plate XXI. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Fig. 1. Ciliary epithelium from the trachea of the frog : it will be seen that the form of the cells is very different from that of mammalia. 2. Human ciliary epithelium contained in the fluid expressed from a portion of lung taken from its extreme periphery, and apparently consisting of air cells alone. It is mixed up with cells of tessellated epithelium. 3. Human ciliary epithelium from the trachea ; both side and end views of the cells are given. 4. Tessellated epithelium from the tongue of the frog. 5. Tessellated epithelium from the tongue of the Triton : the nuclei are seen to be very large, their great size affording an illustration of the law which has already been announced, viz., that all the corpuscular elements of the animal organi- zation, whether those of the epithelium, the glands, cartilages or muscles, stand in relation with the dimensions of the blood discs ; where these are large, the other corpuscles are formed on a similar relative scale. It is probable that the la w admits of extension , and that all the elements of the animal structure bear a relation in size to the red blood discs. Mr. John Quekett made the interesting observation, some time since, that the relative size of the lacunte of bone corresponded with that of the blood corpuscles, a further illustration of the accuracy of the law referred to. Wishing to test the truth of this law in as satisfactory and conclu- sive a manner as possible, I applied to Professor Owen for a specimen of the Siren or Proteus, animals remarkable for the dimensions of their blood discs, and that gentleman kindly placed at my disposal an example of the Meno-branchus lateralis , a member of the same perenni-branchiate group, and the blood corpuscles of which “ are rather larger than those of the Proteus, but not so large as those of the Siren.” In this animal I found, as I had anticipated, that the soundness of the law was fully maintained. The law announced would doubtless be cited by those physiologists who entertain the idea that all the corpuscular elements of the animal fabric proceed from the red blood disc, as a proof of the truth of their theory, against which, however, I conceive that sound and conclusiv e arguments may be urged. Miller, del. E.C. Kellogg, nth ALL THE FIGURES LN THIS PLATE ARE HUMAN. Plate XXII. The figures in this plate are magnified 670 diameters. Fig. 1. Tesselated epithelium from the serous coat of the liver ; from some of the cells the nuclei have escaped. 2. Ditto from the choroid plexus ; the spines described by Henle as proceeding from the angles of the cells must be of unusual occurrence, as I have never yet seen them. 3. Ditto from the vena cava inferior in different stages of devel- opment, from the white corpuscle of the blood upwards. 4. Ditto of the arch of the aorta ; some of the cells are seen to have lost their nuclei. 5. Ditto from the surface of the uterus of a woman who died suddenly during lactation. 6. Ditto from the internal surface of the pericardium. ThUe-'miT- £. ('.Kellogg. litK. Till . del * Plate XXIII. Upper surface of epidermis, raised by means of a blister from over the region of the heart of a woman : it exhibits the cellular constitution of the epidermis, the papillfe and apertures of the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands. 100 diameters. The under surface of the same, exhibiting the infundibuliform processes of the epidermis sent down to the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands. 130 diameters. 1 Rate XXIII. Plate XXIV Structure of Epidermis. Fig. 1. A portion of the epidermis of the palm of the hand, magnified with a simple lens, showing the direction of the rugae in that situation, and the arrangement of the apertures of the sudoriferous glands. Each of the ridges figured is made up of square compartments, the divisional lines of which run at right angles to the ridges, passing across th e apertu res referred to. These several compartments again are indented on their under surface with the papillae of the sensitive skin. 2. A portion of the same, magnified 100 diameters. 3. A transverse section of the ridges of the epidermis of the palm of the hand, showing a side view of the apertures of the sudoriferous glands, their spiral ducts, the thickness of the epidermis in the situation mentioned, its composition of superimposed layers of cells, and its mode of connexion with the true skin. 100 diameters. 4. A longitudinal section of one of the ridges, magnified to the same extent as the previous figure, viz. : 100 diameters : in this the composition of the thickened epidermis of adherent layers of cells is better seen, and the difference in the form of the superficial aud deeper seated cells may also he observed. 5. A portion of the epidermis removed from the back and outer part of the hand, showing the disposition of the folds in that situation, the arrangement of the papillae, the disposition ot the hair follicles and hairs, and the apertures of the sudorif- erous and sebaceous glands. Magnified with a simple lens. 6. A piece of the same, magnified 100 diameters, showing that each line is a furrow or groove, a provision which allows of a very great extension of the epidermis. 5 6 E C Kellotfg.litli Plate XXV. Structure of Nails. Fig. 1 . A longitudinal section of the nail of the middle finger, magni- fied 130 diameters, showing the direction of the striae or laminae of cells of which the nail is composed, and which usually pass from above downwards and forwards. In the section shown in the figure, the obliquity of the striae is but slight ; the under surface of the nail is distinguished from the upper by its smooth outline. 2. The same, in which the striae are disposed more obliquely, but in a contrary and unusual direction ; viz. from above downwards and backwards. 130 diameters. 3. Other longitudinal sections, in one of which the striae run almost vertically. 130 diameters. 4. A transverse section of nail, magnified to the same extent as the former figures ; in it the striae are parallel to the surface, and are less strongly marked. 5. The detached cells of which the superimposed layers of nails are composed ; the smaller cells are magnified 130 diameters, the larger 670. 4. Plate XXYI. represents the peculiar and beautiful manner in which the nail and the papillary layer of the true skin are united. Plato XXV. I Miller, del, ad. nat. Plate XXVI. Structure of Epidermis, etc. Fig. 1. A portion of epidermis taken from the back and outer part of the hand, magnified 100 diameters, and viewed on its upper surface, showing the elevations by which it is marked, and which are produced by the papillm of the true skin. 2. The same viewed on the under surface, showing the depres- sions occasioned by the papillae. The number of apertures of the ducts of the sudoriferous and sebaceous glands is, in reference to that of the papillae, about one of the former to six or seven of the latter. 100 diameters. 3. A portion of epidermis, magnified 100 diameters, removed from over the pubis of a woman, and displaying the apertures of the hair follicles, and the manner in which the hairs issue from them. Some of the follicles contain but a single hair, others two or even three : it is probable that this last is the normal number of hairs enclosed in each follicle wherever situated, but which in the adult is not generally encountered in consequence of the continual removal to which hairs are subject. It is about the apertures of the hair follicles that the scurf is formed, and concerning which a very erroneous notion prevails, viz., that it is constituted of desquamated epidermis. Scurf does not in the least exhibit the structure of epidermis, but simply consists of the inspissated secretion of the sebaceous glands, and many of which, opening into the hair follicles, account for its collection around their orifices. 4. A transverse section of the nail of the middle-toe of an adult, magnified 100 diameters, showing its lamellated structure, and the mode of its connection with the papillary layer of the dermis by mutually interlocking processes. This mode of union is excessively firm, and is precisely that employed by carpenters, and known by the appellation of “ dovetailing.” Fig. 5. A portion of epidermis removed from the back of the neck by means of a blister, and magnified 670 diameters. The younger cells are seen to be filled with a straw-coloured fluid, the serum extracted through the agency of the vesicant. 6. a. Some detached cells of epidermis, obtained by scraping the sole of the foot, magnified 670 diameters. Cells in a similar state exist beneath the nails, around the nipple, and on the surface of the body of new-born children where the creamy scum formed by them and intermingled with fatty matter poured out by the sebaceous glands has been named Yertiix caseosa. (See c.) — b. Cells of some, magnified 130 diame- ters. — d. Cells of epithelium from the mouth of the 3Teno- branchus lateralis : they are introduced for the purpose of showing the accuracy of the law of the relation in size of the several elements entering into the composition of the animal frame. — e. Two or three epithelial cells of the lateral ventricles of the brain. I have recently ascertained that the epithelium of the frontal sinuses is, as stated, ciliated. I cannot help suspecting, however, that it is not in all cases so. No amount of care has succeeded in the detection of ciliary epithelium in the ventricles of the brain. The epi- dermis of tritons and frogs consists of hexagonal, translucent, and adherent cells, containing distinct granular nuclei. 2 Plate XXVI. 6 E.C Kellogg, lith Plate XXVII. Figment Cells. Fig. 1. Pigment cells and granules taken from off the inner surface of the choroid membrane of the human eye, magnified 670 diameters. 2. The pigment cells of the inner surface of the choroid of the eye of the pig, magnified 350 diameters. 3. Displays the linear and branched disposition of the stelliform pigment cells of the lamina fusca of the eye of the pig. A s im ilar disposition of these cells also exists in the human eye, but in light-coloured eyes is not strongly marked : the branches commence on the posterior part of the lamina, miscalled fusca, since in some instances it is jetty black, are at first thick and closely arranged ; as the}' approach the anterior part of the eye, however, they diminish in size, and are separated by distinct intervals. This figure is magnified 100 diameters. 4. a. Human stelliform pigment cells of the eye, magnified 330 diameters. b. Pigment cells of the skin of the negro, enlarged 670 diameters, c. Pigment cells from the lungs, magnified to the same extent. 5. A portion of the epidermis of the negro, magnified 3-50 diame- ters, and, viewed on its under surface, the pigment cells are seen to be collected principally in the furrows which exist between the papilla;, the depressions produced by which are also represented in the figure. 6. A portion of the epidermis removed from the areola around the nipple, of a woman recently delivered, and also viewed upon its under surface. It is seen to differ solely from the epidermis of the negro in the smaller number of pigment cells contained in it. 350 diameters. Obs. Pigment cells and granules frequently exist in the fibres of the external surface of the sclerotic of some animals, as the pig; and it is probable that in some instances they may be found in those of the eye of man. 1 1 Plate,. XXVII. Plate XXVIII. Structure of Hair. . 1. Shows the structure and depth of implantation of the entire root of a hair of the scalp, magnified 130 diameters : it dis- plays the two sheaths which include the stem, and its dilated extremity, the bulb, and which is seen to rest upon a distinct cellular vesicle ; the outer sheath completely surrounds the base of the pair, and cuts it off from all direct vascular sup- ply ; the vessels, however, which nourish the hair are seen to ramify on the external surface of this sheath, which is also observed to be surrounded by flit vesicles, the root hav- ing passed through the thickness of the skin, and imbedded itself in the subcutaneous and fatty cellular tissue. 2. The root of a gray hair forcibly removed from the scalp; in this the outer sheath is seen to be broken off just above the place at which the stem begins to dilate into the bulb ; a similar rupture almost invariably occurs in the outer sheath of all hairs, whether coloured or uncoloured, which are forcibly uprooted. The contrast between the coloured and the uncoloured hair is striking. 130 diameters. 3. The cells of which the outer sheath is composed, magnified 670 diameters. 4. A portion of the inner sheath, seen on its inner surface, and magnified 350 diameters ; this is lined with a layer of elon- gated and nucleated cells ; the outer portion of this sheath is distinctly fibrous, the fibres being formed out of the cells, the nuclei of which become absorbed : the inner surface also exhibits transverse markings, the impressions of the scales of the stem of the hair. 5. Some of the pigment cells, of a multitude of which the bulb of the hair is composed : magnified 670 diameters. Pla to XXVIII •Miller, del.adnat. E C Kelloft.lith, Plate XXIX. Structure of Hair. Fig. 1. A portion of the stem of a gray hair of the scalp, magnified 350 diameters, showing the medullary canal, the fibres of the stem, and the outer imbricated scales. 2, 3. Transverse sections of hairs of the beard: magnified 130 diameters. 4. The fibres of the stem of a hair, magnified G70 diameters. It is most probable that these fibres originate in the same way as those of the inner sheath, viz. in nucleated cells. 5, 6, 7. Apices of hairs: figs. 6 and 7 represent the points of two hairs of the scalp, magnified 350 diameters; and fig. 5 that of one of the perinaenm. All hairs taken from this region, as well as those of the axilla, present similar obtuse extremities, which probably result from the constant friction to which they are subject in those situations. 8, 9, represent the roots of two hairs of the scalp, removed with the comb ; the sheaths, vesicle, and lower portion of the bulb having remained behind. All hairs removed with the comb and brush present the same appearances, that of fig. 8 being by far the most common form. Magnified 130 diameters. 10. A hair from the whisker, magnified 130 diameters, and con- taining two medullary canals. Route, XXIX. JB. C. Kellogg, lith jMiller, del. ad nit. Plate XXX. Structure of Cartilage. Fig. 1 . A transverse section of the cartilage of a rib, magnified 350 diameters, showing the perichondrium and the compressed cells of the margin of the cartilage. It is most probable that it is in the space between the perichondrium and the external surface of the rib that the chief development of new cells takes place. 2. A transverse section of the same, showing the parent cells, which are situated more deeply in the cartilage of the rib. 350 diameters. 3. A vertical section of the articular cartilage of the head of the first phalanx of the second finger, including also a portion of the bone, the cancelli of which contain numerous hone cells, and the spaces between which are filled with fat vesicles. Magnified 130 diameters. 4. A vertical section of the outer part of an intervertebral car- tilage, including a portion of the bone. But few corpuscles, and these for the most part calcified, occur in the outer part of these cartilages : the medullary cells of the bone are seen to be filled with fat vesicles, granular nucleated cells, and effused blood- corpuscles. It sometimes happens that a layer of true articular cartilage is formed on the surface of the bone, and then the fibres of the fibro-cartilnge take their origin from it, and not from the bone itself. SO diameters. 1 2 Plate, XXX . 3 ’ E.C Kellogg, lith . Plate XXXI. Structure of Cartilage. Fig. 1. A thin transverse section of the cartilage of the concha of © © the ear: magnified 350 diameters. 2. The cells of the centre of an intervertebral cartilage in the different stages of their development. 350 diameters. 3. A longitudinal section of the cartilage and bone of the rib of an adult, showing the mode of union between the two. Magnified 130 diameters. 4. A transverse section of one of the rings of the trachea ; in these the cells are so closely aggregated that but little room is left between them for intercellular substance. 350 dia- meters. 5. A transverse section of the thyroid cartilage of a young man, eighteen years of age, in which fibres analogous to those of the fibro-cartilages have made their appearance. 130 diameters. 1 2 Plate XXX!. 5 E.C.Kellogi.Mi Plate XXXII. Structure of Bone. Fig. 1. A transverse section of ulna, magnified GO diameters, showing the Haversian canals, the difference in the size of those sit- uated on the outer and inner portions of the section, the systems of the lamellae by which each canal is surrounded, and the bone cells placed between the lamellae. 2. Cross-section of Haversian canals, magnified 220 diameters, showing the lamellae, and the bone cells with their anasta- mosing canaliculi more distinctly. 3. The same, still more highly magnified, viz. 670 diameters. 4. Longitudinal section of long bone, magnified about 40 diame- ters, showing the Haversian canals, seen lengthways, the direction of the lamellae and the bone cells. 4 Plate XXXIII Structure and Development of Bone. Fig. 1. Parietal bone of human foetus, aged about two months, mag- nified 30 diameters. 2. A portion of the same, magnified GO diameters, showing the bone cells in process of development, some of which are seen lying loose in the spaces between the spicula, and which were destined, eventually, to become included in the ossific deposition. 3. Spicula of bone of a foetal humerus, showing the gradual deposition of the bony matter in the meshes of fibrous tissue, and altogether independently of cartilage, magnified 350 diameters. 4. Lamina of a long bone, magnified 500 diameters, drawn from a preparation kindly placed at the author’s disposal by Dr. Sharpey, by whom the structure figured was first described. 5. Cancelli of one of the long bones of a human foetus, magnified 350 diameters, showing the vast numbers of granular cor- puscles which the medullary cells of bone of every age con- tain, but which are especially abundant in foetal bones ; the larger cells are magnified 750 diameters. 6. Cross-section of the femur of a pigeon, fed for twenty-four hours upon madder. This drawing was made from a beau- tiful preparation belonging to Mr. Tomes, aud lent me by that gentleman. Magnified 220 diameters. 2 I^Latc XXXIT1. E.C-Kelio§§, lirti . Plate XXXIV Development of Bone. Fig. 1. Longitudinal section of the epiphysis and a portion of the shaft of a foetal femur at the ninth month, magnified 100 diameters, and showing the columnar arrangement of the cartilage cells, together with the increased size of the lower cells, and the invading spicula of the newly-formed bone. 2. Transverse section of primary cancelli, magnified 350 diame- ters, showing the' included nuclei of cartilage cells contained in the medullary cells or spaces. 3. Transverse section of primary cancelli, magnified to the same extent as the last figure, in a more advanced stage of their formation, many of the first formed cancelli or septa having been absorbed, as well as the cell wall of the cartilage cor- puscles themselves. 4. Longitudinal section of the epiphysis and a portion of the shaft of a foetal femur at the ninth month, magnified 350 diameters. L Plats XXX/J rQ WW: - f - , • •■«*« (Si 0 rSfo TO^k L r\S%viQ 2Qc ^. ‘ mmm ' - f) ■ •> n . n >ao ™ 4 E C .Kellogg .lith. Plate XXXV. Development of Bone. Fig. 1 . A transverse section of the cartilaginous epiphysis of the lower end of humerus, magnified 30 diameters, showing the aper- tures of the canals by which it is traversed. 2. The same in connexion with the hone : in this figure it will he observed that there are fewer canals, that these are of larger calibre, and that the cartilage cells are disposed around them in a radiate manner in groups. 30 diameters. 3. One of the apertures of the canal, more highly magnified, 330 diameters, showing more clearly the arrangement of the cells around it, the contents of the canal being granular corpuscles and blood-vessels, as well as the fact that the intercellular spaces nearest to the opening are the last to become con- verted into bone: in most of the medullary spaces of the second tier, the granular corpuscles have already made their appearance, the cartilage cells having been removed by absorption. 4. The blood-vessels of the medullary cells of a young bone near the epiphysis injected. For the sjtecimen from which this figure was drawn I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Quekett, of the Royal College of Surgeons. 5. Transverse section of the shaft of a foetal long bone, displaying the fact that in foetal bones there are no Haversian canals, such entirely consisting of medullary cells. 20 diameters. 6. Transverse section of the rib of an adult, magnified 130 diam- eters, passing obliquely through the junction of the cartilage with the bone : in the upper part of the figure the cancelli are seen, including the terminal portions of the lowest tier of cartilage cells. 1 2 Plate, XXXV. sXo % < A'- /^£ooc>%% u h&£^4Af fytvA tewwa rj ?k1siv^ r ' Mwjl^^Sv k0s^ni w V "' I W«m:II## ' - '- ' BIE&'® a^®V^ @(|> ,v*' @B| ®< ft | IK f ;|®' : P^Pl* fiEfe&gW -'Idler. del. ad nat. Plate XXXVI. Structure of Teeth. Fig. 1. Vertical section of incisor tooth, magnified with a lens only, and showing the three constituents of which every human tooth is composed, viz. superiorly, the enamel ; inferiorly, the cementum ; and in the centre, the dentine, traversed in the midst by the medullary cavity. 2. Tubes of the dentine, showing their ordinary mode of termi- nation in connexion with the cementum, magnified 670 diameters. 3. A not unfrequent condition of the tubes of the dentine, show- ing their repeated division, and their connexion with hone cells near their termination. 670 diameters. 4. Tubes of the dentine near their commencement from the pulp cavity seen lengthways: one of the tubes may be observed to divide in a diachotomous manner. 670 diameters. 5. Oblique section of tubes of the dentine. 670 diameters. 6. Transverse section of ditto. 670 diameters. 7. Displays the breaking up of the tubes of the dentine into hone cells : this occurs principally near the terminations of those tubes which pass towards the cementum, and not of those which run towards the enamel : this condition does not pre- sent itself in every tooth. 670 diameters. 8. Tubes of the dentine, midway between their origin and their termination, dilated into bone cells. 670 diameters. This figure is taken from a specimen kindly lent me by Mr. Tomes. 6 Js> vf ‘f* w ©if °^ a J* e# © # •%,, : #©tg A) w i°j «> Jft, w _ t (Si # i ,«* © © © ■® " f§4 gH. go ‘ : ftp ,. ■ ©£ ^ , ^ <& ; ... -*. (a) tPi \& j>) 3 c° w 9 p ( '-"■ ; ° ■3 € if a- e ' -■ ©. $<£) \)& $ U © O € © i!L ^ 4$ i; '■' .» ?*«Y i> w.*j» V, may be seen the commencement of the scaly layer of the epidermis; p, three papife with a vascular loop in each. After Rainey and Ralph. Fig. 3. Mucous membrane of the gall-bladder; from an injectionby Dr. Jno. Neill, of Philadelphia (see page 358). ' 50 diameters. 4. Transverse section of the muscles of the tongue. The fibres are of the striped variety, but are not here sufficiently mag- nified to show the lines. 45 diameters. 1 2 Plate, LXXV/I. H CKellogg.Mi Plate LXXVIII. Fig. 1. The terminal loopings of vessels in the cornea of the eye of a pig. 45 diameters. 2. The conjunctival epithelium of the cornea in the eye of the viper, showing its vascularity. In animals that cast their skin, this lamina is shed with the cuticle of the body. In the human eye, this lamina is not vascular. 45 diameters. 3. Vessels of the choroid coat of the foetal eye, near the ciliary processes. 45 diameters. 4. Ciliary processes of the human adult eye, showing their form of origin. From an injection by Dr. Jno. Neill, of Philadel- phia. 45 diameters. 5. Mucous lining of the unimpregnated uterus of the sow. 35 diameters. 6. Mucous lining of the impregnated uterus of the same animal, showing how the rugae become developed during gestation. 35 diameters. o Plate LXXVJII E A.D . del E.C .ICellow lith. W.K. L del. Plate LXXIX. Fig. 1. A tuft from the foetal portion of the human placenta. 45 diameters. 2. Papillae of the gum : a portion of the tooth is represented to exhibit the maimer in which the papillae surround it. From an injection by Dr. Neill. 45 diameters. 3. Papillae from the lip: these are observed to be rather longer and more prominent than in the gum. From an injection by Dr. Neill. 45 diameters. 4. The arrangement of blood-vessels in the mucous membrane of the trachea. 45 diameters. 5. shows the vascularity of the buccal membrane. 60 diameters. 6. shows the vascularity of the mucous membrane of the bladder. 60 diameters. 1 o Plate* I XXIX. HAD del E C. Kellogg .EtE •m