?i 
 
 J 
 
 #S5o 
 
 Conf Pam 12mo #530 
 
BRIEF REVIEW 
 
 OF THB 
 
 PLAN AND OPERATIONS 
 
 OP THB 
 
 Association for t\t 'gtlitf of Itaimtb Sfolbhri. 
 
 LIST OF OFFICERS. 
 
 President— Rev. C. K. MARSHALL, D.D., of Miss. 
 
 Vice Presidents. 
 Hon. Jamks Lyons, of Va. Hon. Louis T. Wigfall, of Texas. 
 
 Hon. Geo. Trbnholm, of S. C. 
 Hon. R. B. Hilton, of Fla. 
 Hon. J. G. Harris, of Tenn, 
 Hon. J. B. Clark, of Mo. 
 Hon. Pierre Soule, of La. 
 
 Hon. George Davis, of N. C. 
 Hon. Benj. Hill, of Ga. 
 Hon. Benj. Fitzpatrick, of Ala. 
 Hon. E.M. Bruce, of Ky. 
 Hon. R. W. Johnson, of Ark. 
 
 Treasurer— Wm. H. Macparland, of Richmond, Va. 
 Recording Secretary— O. F. Wkisegbr, of Richmond, Va. 
 Corresponding Secretary— Dr. Wm. A. Carrington, Medical Director 
 C. S. A., Richmond, Va. 
 
 Director*. 
 
 Dr. S. P. Moons, Surgeon General. I John Enders, Esq. 
 Dr. C. B. Gibson, Surgeon P. A. C. S. | Dr. J. B. McCaw, Surgeon P. A. C. S. 
 Rev. C. Minnegerodb. Rev. M. D. Hogb, D.D. 
 
 Col. John T. Pickett. I Rev. J. L. Burrows, D.D. 
 
 E. L. Hudson, Esq. 
 
 Financial Agentt. 
 
 W. C. Bee & Co , Wilmington, N. C. I W. C. Beh & Co., Charleston, S. C. 
 Jibvit & Mcbllbr, Nassau, N. P. | Frazer Trenholm & Co., Liverpool. 
 Maj. Jas. B. Furguson, Q. M., C. S. A , Liverpool, England. 
 
Collecting Agents. 
 Rev. J. L. STfBBWAi/r, of Va. | Rev. P. P. Nmlht, D. D , of Miss. • 
 
 Inspectors of Artificial Limbi. 
 
 Star. Jab. L. Cabkll, Charlottesvile, Va I Snr. Jno. S. Davts, Charlottesville, Va 
 Sur. J.C. M. Mkrrillat, Staunton, Va. | Sur. A. M. Fai'Ntlkboy, Staunton, V». 
 
 The President, Vice Presidents, Treasurer, and Secretaries, are Ex-Ofik-io 
 Members of the Directory. 
 
 The object of the Association for the relief of maimed soldiers, is to- 
 supply artificial limbs gratuitously to all officers, soldiers and seamen who> 
 have been maimed in the service of the Confederate States; and to furnish 
 to them such mechanical compensation of other lost parts of the hu- 
 man body, as may be practicable. Previous to the present war, only 
 the few who were maimed in consequence of accidents or disease, re- 
 quired these substitutes, and such were readily obtained in the Northern 
 cities, where mechanical pursuits were more practised. 
 
 It is probably correctly estimated that more than 10,000 men have 
 lost limbs by casualties of battle, during this war, and the sight of 
 empty sleeves, and of men hobbling on wooden pegs, or swinging on 
 the galling crutch, is now familiar, and should suggest to all observers 
 the necessity for organization for the relief of these sufferers, and for 
 the encouragement of proper manufactures. As is not known to all, 
 artificial limbs can be made so perfect in symmetry, motion and color, 
 that the loss endured, or the loss supplied, can scarcely be detected by 
 the observer. Considerable sums are required to buy these, and thou- 
 sands of the maimed have no means to purchase; others cannot obtain 
 for want of necessary information, while many more manufactories than 
 now exist, are required to furnish these substitutes of human contri- 
 vance to those needing them. 
 
 In consequence of the publication of an earnest appeal from the 
 present President of the Association, in the Richmond papers, and in 
 printed circulars of date January 12th, 1864, after a preliminary 
 meeting, this Society was formally organized on Friday night, January 
 22, 1864, at a large public meeting, in the African Church, Richmond, 
 Virginia, by the adoption of a constitution, election of officers for one 
 year, and the collection of large subscriptions. 
 
 The constitution provides for the cooperation of all persons favorable 
 to its object, and contemplated aid or countenance from Municipal, 
 State, and the Confederate Governments, yet it was designed to appeal 
 principally to benevolent and patriotic Confederate citizens, to unite 
 
and present to each of those deprived of their limbs, an artificial limb, 
 not as an act of charity, but of esteem, respect and gratitude 
 
 The constitution further provides for an annual meeting, reports and 
 re-election of officers, on the 22d of January; the Directors being 
 empowered to act during intervals, as the Executive of the Associa- 
 tion. The Treasurer is required to collect and receive all subscrip- 
 tions to the finances of the Association, and appropriately acknowk 
 them, make disbursements, and report monthly to the Directors, an 1 " 
 annually to the members, the state of the finances. Thp Corresponding 
 Secretary is the organ of the Association, under the direction of the 
 Directors, in communicating with applicants for the benefit of the As- 
 sociation, with manufacturers, and in conference with other societies 
 and the public. 
 
 The subscription of $10 annually, constitutes a member; of $300, 
 a life member, and of 81,000, an Honorary Director of the Associa- 
 tion, 11. M. S. All members are entitled to take part in the proceed- 
 ings, and vote at the annual election of officers of the Association. 
 
 By resolution of the Directors, a certificate is given to Life Members 
 and Honorary Directors. 
 
 The first Honorary Director of the Association, was General Robert 
 E. Lee; the officers and sick and wounded soldiers at Chimborazo 
 Hospital, having subscribed $1,000 for that object. Major General N. 
 Forrest was made an Honorary Director, by a similar contribution 
 taken up in Mississippi; and in addition, Rev. Thomas B. Bell, of 
 Harrisonburg, Rev. J. M. Clymer, and Rev. J. A. Snyder, of Wood- 
 stock, (by the people of their congregations,) and several other gentle- 
 men have been made Honorary Directors. 
 
 From January 22d, 18(54, to this date, January 17th, 1865, the 
 total receipts of the Association amount to one hundred and thirteen 
 thousand, four hundred and sixty-four dollars, (SI 13,464;) during the 
 same time, the expenditures amount to one hundred and twenty- two 
 thousand nine hundred and fifty-eight dollars, ($122,958) Deficit- 
 nine thousand four hundred and ninety-four dollars, (89,494.) The 
 principal contributions to the Association, have been received from the 
 City of Richn^nd, many of the ci/izens of which have given liberally. 
 Large subscriptions have also been received from the Valley of Virginia, 
 through the instrumentality of Rev. J. L. Stirewalt, agent of the As- 
 sociation for Virginia. The Rev. P. P. Neely, D. D., the agent of the 
 Association, in North Mississippi and Alabama, has transmitted, up to 
 this time, eighteen thousand six hundred and seventy dollars, ($18,670.) 
 thus showing his great efficiency, and making it nitre imperative on 
 the Directors to establish a manufactory fur limbs in Alabama and 
 
Mississippi, to supply the friends of the liberal subscribers. The 
 subscription that gave more encouragement to the officers of tho 
 Association than any received, was one of 5500, from General Robert 
 K. Lee, sent March 7th, 1861, with a letter expressing his interest in 
 the success of the Association. 
 
 The largest donation received for some time, was that of Hon. E. M. 
 Bruce, of Kentucky, on January 22d, of 85,000. But recently Mr. 
 George A. Trenholm, oie of the Vice Presidents of the Association, 
 who donated $2,500, in February, 1864, has increased this sum by 
 $10,000, for the purchase of cotton for exportation for the Association. 
 
 The Association is scarcely less indebted to Mr. William C. Bee, of 
 Charleston, South Carolina, and his partners in Wilmington and 
 Charleston, who purchased with this sum, eleven bales of cotton, and 
 have shipped them (free of all freight, and other charges, as far as 
 Nassau,) to Liverpool, by blockade steamers. As this arrived safely at 
 Nassau in transitu; it is safe to estimate, that from this source, the 
 Association has, or will soon have, more than five hundred pounds in 
 the hands of its agents in Liverpool, for expenditure in materials. 
 
 Governor Z. B. Vance, of North Carolina, has promised to pay the 
 cost price of all limbs furnished by the Association to soldiers of North 
 Carolina regiments, which sum, amounting to seven thousand one hun- 
 dred and five dollars, (87,105,) when received, will reduce the deficit 
 of the Association, to two thousand three hundred and eighty-nine 
 dollars, ($2,389.) 
 
 It is believed to be only necessary to name this subject to the 
 wealthy and liberal, to secure sufficient donations to the Treasury of 
 the Association to cover this deficit, provide funds for the present ope- 
 rations of the Association, and also enable them to contract with manu- 
 facturers in every State of the Confederacy The difficulties of trans- 
 portation and postal intercourse are such, that maimed men cannot, 
 without great suffering and delay, come to Virginia to secure the benefit 
 of the Association, and its officers earnestly desire to take steps to prevent 
 this necessity. 
 
 Its present expenditures are for about (75) seventy-five legs monthly 
 
 If all manufacturers in the Contederate States we* in operation 
 probably three or four times as many could be made; but this would 
 require an increase of receipts of fifty .thousand dollars (850,000) 
 monthly. If this sum cannot be obtained by private contributions 
 from the patriotic and benevolent, appropriations will be sought from 
 State Legislatures, for the sums expended in furnishing aid to soldiers 
 from their States. As is above stated, the Executive of North Carolina 
 has already made such agreement with the Association. Up to this 
 
date, the following orders for legs have been granted to soldiers and 
 officers belonging to regiments from the different States, viz: 
 
 Alabama, 43; Arkansas, 23; Florida, 6; North Carolina, 82; Ten- 
 nessee, 32; Georgia, 84; Kentucky, 5; Louisiana, 73; South Caro- 
 lina, 50; Maryland, 4; Mississippi, 53; Missouri, 8; Texas, 17; Vir- 
 ginia, 189— Total, 609. 
 
 By act of the United States Congress, through its Medical Depart- 
 ment, each maimed soldier of the U. S. Army is provided with an 
 artificial limb, and it is considered a matter of probability that^ie 
 Confederate States Congress may consider it the due of each Con (He- 
 rate victim of battle to be provided, at public expense, with, the best 
 substitute of his lost member that is known to art. 
 
 Should this action not be taken, it would much advance the interest 
 of the Association-, were Congress to authorize, first, transportation to 
 be given to all maimed officers, soldiers, or sailors, traveling to manu- 
 factories for artificial limbs, and back to their .homes or posts of duty. 
 Secondly, transportation to be given to officers or agents of the Asso- 
 ciation travelling on regular business, and under orders. Thirdly, the 
 purchase, at cost price, of any articles that may be needed in the 
 manufacture of artificial limbs, from any one of the departments of 
 the Government that can furnish them. 
 
 helyhitj principally upon the contributions of individuals t by public 
 notices in the papers, the Directors have called upon the clergy of the 
 Confederacy, to use their influence for the objeots of the Association, 
 by encouraging the formation of Auxiliary Societies, by rece'ving 
 collections from their congregations and benevolent individuals, and 
 forwarding them to the nearest general agent, or to the Treasurer of 
 the Association. 
 
 It was determined to appoint, with suitable compensation, Central 
 Agents for each of the States, to solicit and collect the necessary funds, 
 and with power to nominate sub-agents to canvass the several counties; 
 both agents and sub-agents to receive appointments from the Directors, 
 signed by the President, or one of the Vice Presidents of the Associa- 
 tion ; and to make monthly returns of the collections to the Treasurer. 
 As yet only two State agents have been appointed) both of whom 
 have been very efficient. All other subscriptions, or contributions to 
 the Association, should be delivered in person, or sent by Express, to 
 William II. Macfarland, Treasurer, at Farmers Bank, Richmond, Va. 
 It is desired that a Branch Association should be organized in each 
 State, to be assisted by the parent Association. With this view, 
 several of the Governors have been addressed, but as yet such have 
 not been formed, though it is hoped that speedy action will be taken. 
 
As a warning to persons about to procure artificial limbs, they are 
 h. formed that to them, the best is but a poor substitute for the natural 
 member. Being insensible, and without voluntary motion, it is de- 
 pendent on its gravity, the pressure of the body above, the action of 
 frhe stump, the elasticity of springs, the tention of cords or tendons, 
 and the formation of its joints, for action more or less resembling 
 fihose of the natural organ. 
 
 It will wear out, and become deranged in its mechanism by violent, 
 •r improper use. Care and patience is required in learning its action,, 
 ancr in accustoming the stump to weight and pressure; yet from the 
 first it will hare the appearance of the natural leg, be a support to tho 
 body in standing, assist in walking, and should be light, strong and 
 durable, as labor is the lot of the majority of those who wear them. 
 
 STATE OF THIS SPECIAL BRANCH OF TIIE MECHANICAL ARTS IN TEX 
 CONFEDERATE STATES. 
 
 /. Regular manufacturers of artificial limbs. 
 
 G. W. Wells & Brother, Charlottesville, Virginia. 
 Spooner& Harris, Charlottesville, Virginia. 
 James W. Hanger & Brother, Staunton, Virginia. 
 Leroy Davis, Palmyra, Fluvanna County, Virginia. 
 Strasser & Callahan, Montgomery, Alabama. 
 Hughes & Knode, Montgomery, Alabama. 
 W. T. Cole, Newnan,, Georgia. 
 Frank Hummel, Augusta, Georgia. 
 
 IL Persons who have made artificial limits, but icho are not extensively 
 engaged in their manufacture. 
 
 Peter Brenner, Augusta, Georgia. 
 
 Richard Tozer, Columbia, South Carolina. 
 
 VVm. Bradley, Manchester Cotton Mills, Virginia. 
 
 Christopher C. Sommersett, New Hanover County, North Carolina. 
 
 William F. Brown, Amherst County, Virginia. 
 
 In February, 1864, the Direotors invited the manufacturers through- 
 out the Confederate States, to send in specimens of their work, with 
 proposals, stating the number they could furnish, their cost, and the 
 time and place of delivery. The three first manufacturers above 
 named having complied with this invitation; contracts were made with 
 Wells & Brother, on February 10th, 1864, with Hanger ft Brother, on 
 
March 12th, 1804, and with Spooner & Harris, on January 2d, 1865, 
 
 at the following rates: 
 
 For leg below the knoe, $150, 
 For leg at the knee, §175. 
 For leg above the knee, $200. 
 For shoes to correspond, $65. 
 
 Wells & Brother have been piid for 309 logs already made. — 
 Hanger & Brother for 97, but Spooner & Harris are not yet in ope- 
 ration. 
 
 Advantages secured to contractors are, 
 
 1. The exemption of such of their workmen as experts, as the Sur- 
 geon General (a Director of the Association,) certifies to as indispen- 
 sable; the detail of such light duty mechanics as they may require. 
 
 2. The supply, at oost or contract price, of a limited number of rawr 
 hides and sheep skins, from the Quartermaster Department. 
 
 3. A supply, at cost or contract price, of steel and irou, by the Nitre 
 tnd Mining Bureau. 
 
 4. The supply of such other material and instruments, as the Asso- 
 ciation may be able to import. 
 
 The advantages enumerated as second and third, oan be obtained by 
 making requisitions in duplicate, on the Corresponding Secretary, 
 stating amounts actually required for each leg to be manufactured, who 
 will approve for the number that will probably be ordered from them. 
 
 No material or instruments have yet been imported by the Associa- 
 tion, though orders have been sent to England for such, and funds 
 provided for their purchase. 
 
 Each of the manufacturers in the Confederate. States has been 
 notified of the desire of the Association to make contracts with them; 
 but as yet specimens of their manufacture have not been forwarded. 
 
 Specimens of those made by the contractors of the Association, may 
 be seen at the office of the Corresponding Secretary, A. K. M. S ., at 
 the corner of Tenth and Broad streets, Richmond, Virginia. 
 
 Contractors are required to supply beneficiaries of. the Association > 
 on orders from the Corresponding Secretary, in the order in which 
 they are presented. They are expected to furnish the best leg that 
 can be made, according to their design or patent; to each applicant, 
 without extra charge. To insure the efficient execution of their con- 
 tracts, the eminent Surgeons named have been appointed Inspect 
 tcri. Like all other officers of the Association, they give their services 
 gratuitously. No applicant is allowed to receive his artificial limb, 
 until it has been examined, and worn in the presence of the inspector, 
 
8 
 
 tad accepted by them for the Association; and the contractors, have 
 always, without charge, made any changes and repairs found after- 
 wards neces-ary. 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO APPLICANTS FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Application must be made to the Corresponding Secretary, in per- 
 *on, or by letter, in the following form: 
 Sir— 
 
 7 respectfully :>pply to be furnished with an order on i 
 
 or whatever manufacturer may be designated, for an artificial limb. 
 When a in Co. , Regiment, on the 
 
 day of LJ56 , at (battle field or hospital,) 
 
 my was amputated by burgeon at (seat of operation,) 
 
 oo account of (ivound, accident, or disease,) 
 received in the service of the Confederate States, at (battle field, &c.) 
 on the day of 186 . 
 
 My place of i evidence is Co., State of 
 
 and present address, , and that I have previously received no 
 
 stance from the association. 
 
 (Signature) 
 To Dr. Wm. A. Carrington, 
 
 Cor. Stc'yA.R. M. S, 
 
 Jiichmond, Ya. 
 
 (Affidavit.) 
 City (or County) or State of to wit: 
 
 The above named has this day personally appeared 
 
 before me, a , and made oath to the truth of the above 
 
 statement; and I furthermore certify, from my own pcrsoinl observa- 
 tion, that the said has lost his limb, as staled in this 
 application. • 
 
 Given under my hand this day of ISO . 
 
 (I^Officers, Soidiers a ,d Sailors desiring relief from the As- 
 sociation /or the Relief of Maimed Soldiers, will fill up (Ins form, 
 moke oath to the truth of it before a Justice of the Pmce, X<>tary 
 Public, or Commissioned Officer, and forward to the Corresponding 
 Secretariat Uic.hmoud. An order will be returned for the desired 
 limb, which will be manufactured as soon as possible. 
 
 The Corresponding Secretary will give or send to the applicant, aa 
 cider on a contractor for an artificial leg, and a suitable pair of shocs ; 
 
with a ticket for admission into the Way Hospital at the Post — where 
 board, lodging, and all necessary attention will be given duriDg his 
 stay. Manufacturers will send, if desired, a blank form for measure- 
 ment, with directions. If taken accurately, legs may be made to fit 
 well by these measurements, aud sent by Express — but it is much pre- 
 ferable to have the persons present, and, consequently, all legs made 
 for the Association, must be examined and fitted by Inspectors, to as- 
 certain definitely their efficiency, and the fitness of the stumps to bear 
 ihem. ' In future, when the agents and con tractors. of the Association 
 are multipled, such measurements can be taken by any one of these 
 agents; but now if legs are made aud furnished only on measurements 
 forwarded, the cost will not be defrayed by the Association. It is im- 
 portant for his future comfort also, that each wearer of an artificial 
 limb, should receive certain preparations and instructions from the 
 manufacturers and Inspectors. The mechanism should be explained 
 to him, as it is frequently necessary to tighten or loosen screws, springs 
 or axis — to adapt them to his peculiar step or gait, or to repair displace- 
 ments, and injuries, which at first slight may become serious by neglect. 
 He should be instructed how to tightly bandage the stump, so as to 
 compress, solidify and adapt it to a conical socket, and to obtain 
 free and perfeefc actiou of the stump and joiute, by passive motion, 
 and never allowing them to remain flexed or semiflexed, if avoid- 
 able. 
 
 Transportation to the point of manufacture, will be given by the 
 nearest Quartermaster, on presentation of the order of the Correspond- 
 ing Secretary, and the ticket of admission to the Way Hospital, it 
 was the design of the Directors, to establish manufactories for the best 
 limbs, in several central points of the Confederate States; this design 
 has hitherto been frustrated, but the funds now in JEurope, are for the 
 purchase of materials and instruments, with this object, the execution 
 of which, it is thought will be very beneficial and advantageous. 
 
 Principal Manufactories in the U. 8. of America. 
 
 W. Selpho, New York City. 
 
 B. W. Jewett, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Yergtr & Ord, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 K. J. Hudson, New York City. * 
 
 Douglass Bly, Ptochester, N. Y., St. Louis, Mo., Cincinnatti, Ohio. 
 
 B. Frank Palmer, Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 At the World's Fair, in London, 1857, the leg of B. P. Palmer, of 
 the Uuitcd States, received the first prize, from thirty specimens of 
 
10 
 
 artificial legs made in England, and variuus countries of the continent. 
 The best European leg, is that made by Gray, of London. Lieut. 
 General Hood, and Major General Butler, C. S. A., wear these leg* 
 witli great comfort and efficiency. The Anglesca leg is of long no- 
 toriety. Charrierc, of Paris, also makes legs of elegant finish, but 
 their efficiency is reported as less than Gray's, and not superior to those 
 made in this country. 
 
 The leg made after Bly's patent, probably, is the best yet designed, 
 but this can be improved by using the leather sack or box adapted for 
 the stumps, invented by Wilcox, and by substituting for the close and 
 heavy wooden leg, the steel basket patern of Ord. Both the Northern 
 and European manufacturers charge exorbitant sums for their artificial 
 limbs j those in the United Stutes charging from $100 to $200 in 
 gold, and some in Europe as much as 100 guineas for a full leg. Th« 
 actual cost for material and workmanship, cannot be more than a' frac- 
 tion of these sums; and considering the disadvantages in high 
 prices and scarcity of materials, the manufacturers in the Confederate 
 States are generally much more reasonable, charging but little more 
 than the cost for material and manufacture. 
 
 It will be observed that no reference is made to the supply and 
 manufacture of Artificial Arms to applicants. Many hundred have 
 applied, but the Directors have been unable to find persons who can 
 manufacture, in numbers, ail efficient substitute for an arm. It is 
 expected that specimens of a patent French Arm will be imported as 
 a model. At this time, Mr. Bradley, of Manchester, Va., is the only 
 manufacturer of an arm that will possess both the semblance and 
 grasping power of the original. Being very much engaged otherwise, 
 he will only be able to make a few, on order from the Corresponding 
 Secretary of the Association. All applications for arms are filed, and 
 if the Association can in future supply them, applicants will be com- 
 municated with. 
 
 The Surgeon General of the C. S. A. has recently directed 
 that a General Hospital should be established in each State, under 
 the most experienced Medical officers, for the surgical and me- 
 chanical treatment of old and intracticable cases of displacements and" 
 deformities, badly united fractures, and other such injuries received in 
 war. These Hospitals will correspond with the civil Orthopedic Hos- 
 pitals, and wfH tend to subserve the general objects of this Association. 
 
Hollinger Corp. 
 pH8.5