Canada Votes: 1935-1988 Canada Votes 1935-1988 Frank Feigert Duke University Press Durham & London 1989 © 1989 Duke University Press All Rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Feigert, Frank B. Canada votes, 1935-1986 Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Elections—Canada—Statistics. 2. Canada—Politics and government—1914- I. Title JL193.A54 1989 324.971 '06 021 88-33541 ISBN 0-8223-0894-0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Contents Tables vii Preface xv Introduction 1 The National Results 11 The Regional Results 69 The Individual Elections 69 The Individual Regions 76 Newfoundland 107 Prince Edward Island 119 Nova Scotia 131 New Brunswick 147 Quebec 163 Ontario 204 Manitoba 249 Saskatchewan 265 Alberta 281 British Columbia 301 The Northwest Territories 325 Yukon 329 Bibliography 335 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2020 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/canadavotes1935101feig_2 Tables 1-1 Abbreviations Indicating Political Affiliations of Candidates, and Years of Appearance on Ballot 4 1- 2 Representation in the House of Commons, General Elections 8 2- 1 Votes and Seats Won, by Year and Party 21 2-2 National Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 22 2-3 Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 22 2-4 1935: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 24 2-5 1935 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 24 2-6 1935 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 25 2-7 1940: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 26 2-8 1940 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 26 2-9 1940 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 27 2-10 1945: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 28 2-11 1945 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 28 2-12 1945 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 29 2-13 1949: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 30 2-14 1949 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 30 2-15 1949 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 31 2-16 1953: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 32 2-17 1953 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 32 2-18 1953 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 33 2-19 1957: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 34 2-20 1957 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 34 2-21 1957 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 35 2-22 1958: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 36 2-23 1958 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 36 2-24 1958 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 37 2-25 1962: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 38 2-26 1962 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 38 2-27 1962 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 39 2-28 1963: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 40 2-29 1963 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 40 2-30 1963 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 41 2-31 1965: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 42 2-32 1965 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained. Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 42 2-33 1965 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 43 2-34 1968: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 44 2-35 1968 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 44 2-36 1968 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 45 2-37 1972: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 46 2-38 1972 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 46 2-39 1972 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 47 2-40 1 974: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 48 2-41 1974 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 48 2-42 1974 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 49 2-43 1979: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 50 2-44 1979 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 50 2-45 1979 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 51 2-46 1980: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 52 2-47 1980 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 52 2-48 1980 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 53 2-49 1984: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 54 2-50 1984 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 54 2-51 1984 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 55 2-52 1988: Summary of Votes Received and Won, by Province and Party 56 2-53 1988 Election Results: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 56 2-54 1988 Election Results: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 57 2-55 Voter Turnout in Federal Elections, by Year and Province 58 2- 56 Federal By-Elections, 1935-88 58 3- 1 1935: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 78 3-2 1940: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 78 3-3 1945: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 80 3-4 1949: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 80 3-5 1953: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 82 3-6 1957: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 82 3-7 1958: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 84 3-8 1962: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 84 3-9 1963: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 86 3-10 1965: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 86 viii : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 3-11 1968: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 88 3-12 1972: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 88 3-13 1974: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 90 3-14 1979: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 90 3-15 1980: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 92 3-16 1984: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 92 3-17 1988: Summary of Votes Received, by Region and Party 94 3-18 Maritime Provinces: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 94 3-19 Maritime Provinces: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-88 96 3-20 Maritime Provinces: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-88 97 3-21 Quebec: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 96 3-22 Quebec: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-88 98 3-23 Quebec: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-88 99 3-24 Ontario: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 98 3-25 Ontario: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-88 100 3-26 Ontario: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-88 101 3-27 Prairie Provinces: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 100 3-28 Prairie Provinces: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-88 102 3-29 Prairie Provinces: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-88 103 3-30 British Columbia: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 102 3-31 British Columbia: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-88 104 3-32 British Columbia: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-88 105 3-33 Northern Territories: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 104 3-34 Northern Territories: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-88 106 3- 35 Northern Territories: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-88 106 4- 1 Newfoundland: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1949-88 108 4-2 Newfoundland: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 110 4-3 Newfoundland: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 110 4-4 Newfoundland: 1949 Election Results by Riding 111 4-5 Newfoundland: 1953 Election Results by Riding 111 4-6 Newfoundland: 1957 Election Results by Riding 111 4-7 Newfoundland: 1958 Election Results by Riding 112 4-8 Newfoundland: 1962 Election Results by Riding 112 4-9 Newfoundland: 1963 Election Results by Riding 112 4-10 Newfoundland: 1965 Election Results by Riding 113 4-11 Newfoundland: 1968 Election Results by Riding 113 4-12 Newfoundland: 1972 Election Results by Riding 114 4-13 Newfoundland: 1974 Election Results by Riding 114 4-14 Newfoundland: 1979 Election Results by Riding 114 4-15 Newfoundland: 1980 Election Results by Riding 115 4-16 Newfoundland: 1984 Election Results by Riding 115 ix : Tables 4-17 Newfoundland: 1988 Election Results by Riding 116 4- 18 Newfoundland Provincial Elections: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1949-85 116 5- 1 Prince Edward Island: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-85 120 5-2 Prince Edward Island: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 122 5-3 Prince Edward Island: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 122 5-4 Prince Edward Island: 1935 Election Results by Riding 123 5-5 Prince Edward Island: 1940 Election Results by Riding 123 5-6 Prince Edward Island: 1945 Election Results by Riding 123 5-7 Prince Edward Island: 1949 Election Results by Riding 124 5-8 Prince Edward Island: 1953 Election Results by Riding 124 5-9 Prince Edward Island: 1957 Election Results by Riding 124 5-10 Prince Edward Island: 1958 Election Results by Riding 125 5-11 Prince Edward Island: 1962 Election Results by Riding 125 5-12 Prince Edward Island: 1963 Election Results by Riding 125 5-13 Prince Edward Island: 1965 Election Results by Riding 126 5-14 Prince Edward Island: 1968 Election Results by Riding 126 5-15 Prince Edward Island: 1972 Election Results by Riding 126 5-16 Prince Edward Island: 1974 Election Results by Riding 127 5-17 Prince Edward Island: 1979 Election Results by Riding 127 5-18 Prince Edward Island: 1980 Election Results by Riding 127 5-19 Prince Edward Island: 1984 Election Results by Riding 128 5-20 Prince Edward Island: 1988 Election Results by Riding 129 5- 21 Prince Edward Island Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-86 128 6- 1 Nova Scotia: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 132 6-2 Nova Scotia: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 134 6-3 Nova Scotia: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 134 6-4 Nova Scotia: 1935 Election Results by Riding 135 6-5 Nova Scotia: 1940 Election Results by Riding 135 6-6 Nova Scotia: 1945 Election Results by Riding 136 6-7 Nova Scotia: 1949 Election Results by Riding 136 6-8 Nova Scotia: 1953 Election Results by Riding 137 6-9 Nova Scotia: 1957 Election Results by Riding 137 6-10 Nova Scotia: 1958 Election Results by Riding 138 6-11 Nova Scotia: 1962 Election Results by Riding 138 6-12 Nova Scotia: 1963 Election Results by Riding 139 6-13 Nova Scotia: 1965 Election Results by Riding 139 6-14 Nova Scotia: 1968 Election Results by Riding 140 6-15 Nova Scotia: 1972 Election Results by Riding 140 6-16 Nova Scotia: 1974 Election Results by Riding 141 6-17 Nova Scotia: 1979 Election Results by Riding 141 x : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 6-18 Nova Scotia: 1980 Election Results by Riding 142 6-19 Nova Scotia: 1984 Election Results by Riding 142 6-20 Nova Scotia: 1988 Election Results by Riding 143 6- 21 Nova Scotia Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-88 144 7- 1 New Brunswick: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 148 7-2 New Brunswick: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 150 7-3 New Brunswick: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 150 7-4 New Brunswick: 1935 Election Results by Riding 151 7-5 New Brunswick: 1940 Election Results by Riding 151 7-6 New Brunswick: 1945 Election Results by Riding 152 7-7 New Brunswick: 1949 Election Results by Riding 152 7-8 New Brunswick: 1953 Election Results by Riding 153 7-9 New Brunswick: 1957 Election Results by Riding 153 7-10 New Brunswick: 1958 Election Results by Riding 154 7-11 New Brunswick: 1962 Election Results by Riding 154 7-12 New Brunswick: 1963 Election Results by Riding 155 7-13 New Brunswick: 1965 Election Results by Riding 155 7-14 New Brunswick: 1968 Election Results by Riding 156 7-15 New Brunswick: 1972 Election Results by Riding 156 7-16 New Brunswick: 1974 Election Results by Riding 157 7-17 New Brunswick: 1979 Election Results by Riding 157 7-18 New Brunswick: 1980 Election Results by Riding 158 7-19 New Brunswick: 1984 Election Results by Riding 158 7-20 New Brunswick: 1988 Election Results by Riding 159 7- 21 New Brunswick Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-87 160 8- 1 Quebec: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 166 8-2 Quebec: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 166 8-3 Quebec: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 167 8-4 Quebec: 1935 Election Results by Riding 168 8-5 Quebec: 1940 Election Results by Riding 170 8-6 Quebec: 1945 Election Results by Riding 172 8-7 Quebec: 1949 Election Results by Riding 174 8-8 Quebec: 1953 Election Results by Riding 176 8-9 Quebec: 1957 Election Results by Riding 178 8-10 Quebec: 1958 Election Results by Riding 180 8-11 Quebec: 1962 Election Results by Riding 182 8-12 Quebec: 1963 Election Results by Riding 184 8-13 Quebec: 1965 Election Results by Riding 186 8-14 Quebec: 1968 Election Results by Riding 188 8-15 Quebec: 1972 Election Results by Riding 190 xl : Tables 8-16 Quebec: 1974 Election Results by Riding 192 8-17 Quebec: 1979 Election Results by Riding 194 8-18 Quebec: 1980 Election Results by Riding 196 8-19 Quebec: 1984 Election Results by Riding 198 8-20 Quebec: 1988 Election Results by Riding 200 8- 21 Quebec Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-85 202 9- 1 Ontario: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 206 9-2 Ontario: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 206 9-3 Ontario: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 207 9-4 Ontario: 1935 Election Results by Riding 208 9-5 Ontario: 1940 Election Results by Riding 210 9-6 Ontario: 1945 Election Results by Riding 212 9-7 Ontario: 1949 Election Results by Riding 214 9-8 Ontario: 1953 Election Results by Riding 216 9-9 Ontario: 1957 Election Results by Riding 218 9-10 Ontario: 1958 Election Results by Riding 220 9-11 Ontario: 1962 Election Results by Riding 222 9-12 Ontario: 1963 Election Results by Riding 224 9-13 Ontario: 1965 Election Results by Riding 226 9-14 Ontario: 1968 Election Results by Riding 228 9-15 Ontario: 1972 Election Results by Riding 230 9-16 Ontario: 1974 Election Results by Riding 233 9-17 Ontario: 1979 Election Results by Riding 235 9-18 Ontario: 1980 Election Results by Riding 238 9-19 Ontario: 1984 Election Results by Riding 240 9-20 Ontario: 1988 Election Results by Riding 243 9- 21 Ontario Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-87 246 10- 1 Manitoba: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 250 10-2 Manitoba: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 252 10-3 Manitoba: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 252 10-4 Manitoba: 1935 Election Results by Riding 253 10-5 Manitoba: 1940 Election Results by Riding 253 10-6 Manitoba: 1945 Election Results by Riding 254 10-7 Manitoba: 1949 Election Results by Riding 255 10-8 Manitoba: 1953 Election Results by Riding 256 10-9 Manitoba: 1957 Election Results by Riding 256 10-10 Manitoba: 1958 Election Results by Riding 257 10-11 Manitoba: 1962 Election Results by Riding 257 10-12 Manitoba: 1963 Election Results by Riding 258 10-13 Manitoba: 1965 Election Results by Riding 258 10-14 Manitoba: 1968 Election Results by Riding 259 10-15 Manitoba: 1972 Election Results by Riding 259 xii : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 10-16 Manitoba: 1974 Election Results by Riding 260 10-17 Manitoba: 1979 Election Results by Riding 260 10-18 Manitoba: 1980 Election Results by Riding 261 10-19 Manitoba: 1984 Election Results by Riding 262 10-20 Manitoba: 1988 Election Results by Riding 263 10- 21 Manitoba Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1936-88 262 11- 1 Saskatchewan: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 266 11-2 Saskatchewan: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 268 11-3 Saskatchewan: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 268 11-4 Saskatchewan: 1935 Election Results by Riding 269 11-5 Saskatchewan: 1940 Election Results by Riding 269 11-6 Saskatchewan: 1945 Election Results by Riding 270 11-7 Saskatchewan: 1949 Election Results by Riding 271 11-8 Saskatchewan: 1953 Election Results by Riding 271 11-9 Saskatchewan: 1957 Election Results by Riding 272 11-10 Saskatchewan: 1958 Election Results by Riding 273 11-11 Saskatchewan: 1962 Election Results by Riding 273 11-12 Saskatchewan: 1963 Election Results by Riding 274 11-13 Saskatchewan: 1965 Election Results by Riding 275 11-14 Saskatchewan: 1968 Election Results by Riding 275 11-15 Saskatchewan: 1972 Election Results by Riding 276 11-16 Saskatchewan: 1974 Election Results by Riding 276 11-17 Saskatchewan: 1979 Election Results by Riding 277 11-18 Saskatchewan: 1980 Election Results by Riding 277 11-19 Saskatchewan: 1984 Election Results by Riding 278 11-20 Saskatchewan: 1988 Election Results by Riding 279 11- 21 Saskatchewan Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1938-86 278 12- 1 Alberta: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 282 12-2 Alberta: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 284 12-3 Alberta: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 284 12-4 Alberta: 1935 Election Results by Riding 285 12-5 Alberta: 1940 Election Results by Riding 286 12-6 Alberta: 1945 Election Results by Riding 286 12-7 Alberta: 1949 Election Results by Riding 287 12-8 Alberta: 1953 Election Results by Riding 288 12-9 Alberta: 1957 Election Results by Riding 288 12-10 Alberta: 1958 Election Results by Riding 289 12-11 Alberta: 1962 Election Results by Riding 290 12-12 Alberta: 1963 Election Results by Riding 290 12-13 Alberta: 1965 Election Results by Riding 291 12-14 Alberta: 1968 Election Results by Riding 292 xlii : Tables 12-15 Alberta: 1972 Election Results by Riding 292 12-16 Alberta: 1974 Election Results by Riding 293 12-17 Alberta: 1979 Election Results by Riding 294 12-18 Alberta: 1980 Election Results by Riding 295 12-19 Alberta: 1984 Election Results by Riding 296 12-20 Alberta: 1988 Election Results by Riding 297 12- 21 Alberta Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-86 298 13- 1 British Columbia: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 302 13-2 British Columbia: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 304 13-3 British Columbia: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 304 13-4 British Columbia: 1935 Election Results by Riding 305 13-5 British Columbia: 1940 Election Results by Riding 306 13-6 British Columbia: 1945 Election Results by Riding 307 13-7 British Columbia: 1949 Election Results by Riding 308 13-8 British Columbia: 1953 Election Results by Riding 309 13-9 British Columbia: 1957 Election Results by Riding 310 13-10 British Columbia: 1958 Election Results by Riding 311 13-11 British Columbia: 1962 Election Results by Riding 312 13-12 British Columbia: 1963 Election Results by Riding 313 13-13 British Columbia: 1965 Election Results by Riding 314 13-14 British Columbia: 1968 Election Results by Riding 315 13-15 British Columbia: 1972 Election Results by Riding 316 13-16 British Columbia: 1974 Election Results by Riding 317 13-17 British Columbia: 1979 Election Results by Riding 318 13-18 British Columbia: 1980 Election Results by Riding 319 13-19 British Columbia: 1984 Election Results by Riding 320 13-20 British Columbia: 1984 Election Results by Riding 321 13- 21 British Columbia Provincial Elections, Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-86 322 14- 1 Northwest Territories: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-88 326 14-2 Northwest Territories: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 326 14-3 Northwest Territories: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 327 14-4 Northwest Territories: 1979 Election Results by Riding 328 14-5 Northwest Territories: 1980 Election Results by Riding 328 14-6 Northwest Territories: 1984 Election Results by Riding 328 14- 7 Northwest Territories: 1988 Election Results by Riding 328 15- 1 Yukon: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935: 1988 330 15-2 Yukon: Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party 330 15-3 Yukon: Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 331 15-4 Yukon Territorial Elections: Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1978-85 332 xiv : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Preface This work was conceived while the author was preparing basic materials for a course devel¬ oped under the auspices of a Canadian Govern¬ ment Faculty Enrichment Programme Grant in 1985. In developing the bibliography there was only one central source, other than official re¬ ports, which reported Canadian election data in a detailed fashion. That source, Howard A. Scarrow’s Canada Votes: A Handbook of Fed¬ eral and Provincial Election Data,' provides federal results at the provincial and riding levels for 21 elections, 1878-1958, and provincial gen¬ eral elections, 1920-1960. The general format of that work is followed in this compilation, with some exceptions. The present work starts with the 1935 elec¬ tions, overlapping the Scarrow book for several reasons. First, Canada Votes is not as widely available as when first published. Second, the 1935 election represents a watershed of sorts, since the results were so overwhelmingly in favor of the Liberals that one can think of it as a “realigning election” in a certain sense. The Liberals won this and another four straight elec¬ tions, beginning a period in which they were essentially dominant for almost fifty years. This period is bracketed by the 1988 federal elec¬ tion, won by the Progressive Conservatives. This was the first time since 1953 that a majority government was achieved in two successive elections, and marking two major defeats for the long-dominant Liberals. What follows might be seen as a proverbial wealth of data. In assembling the information our primary focus has not been on the full ex¬ ploitation of the data, but on presenting the election returns in as complete and accurate a manner as possible. Some narrative has been provided, principally to provide basic informa¬ tion and some contextual background. For in¬ stance, many users of this book might have little knowledge of the circumstances surrounding particular elections. Similarly, the returns for individual provinces and regions can be quite meaningless unless they are placed in context as well. Hence, the commentary should be seen as simply introductory in nature. A great deal is owed to many who assisted in this task. The intellectual debt to Howard Scar- row is evident, but he also provided moral en¬ couragement. The Canadian government grant provide&the impetus, as noted above. Mary Williams of the Canadian Consulate General in Dallas was most helpful in steering me to those people and sources who could help me locate the initial data. The federal and a good deal of the provincial data were made available by two staff members of Elections Canada, Christine Jackson, Director of Communications, and her assistant, Claire Charbonneau. I would be re¬ miss if I did not state that they are the most helpful and gracious individuals I have ever en¬ countered in any research. They are models of the patient and helpful government employee I so often encountered in Canada. In this vein, the public affairs personnel of the several pro¬ vincial and territorial Chief Electoral Officers were always prompt and gracious in providing the missing and most current data which were not otherwise available. Richard Rowson and Mary Mendell, both of Duke University Press, were exceptionally helpful and encouraging in dealing with the production aspects of this work. Two students, Patrick Kirby Thornton and Eric Todd Tracy, assisted in collecting and compiling selected information. In several respects I have been fortunate in ways which Scarrow could not anticipate. xv : Preface Some of these will be made more clear in the first chapter regarding data sources. However, the physical management of so much data has been transformed by the development of micro¬ computers. Bob Brookshire and Tom Madron, both formerly of the University of North Texas Computing Center, were unusually good col¬ leagues in helping me to get started and in iron¬ ing out the inevitable problems. Finally, my wife and children have again proven their good-natured tolerance of my work habits. They were spared a good deal by the Regents of the University of North Texas who provided a leave so that the better part of the work could be undertaken without the usual distractions. Frank B. Feigert January 1989 Note 1 New Orleans: The Hauser Press, 1962. xvi : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 1 Introduction In Professor Scarrow’s groundbreaking com¬ pendium of Canadian election returns, we find a statement of a problem which has faced stu¬ dents of Canadian politics. Any Canadian history text can be relied upon to relate which party and which leaders were elevated to office in a given election. The more refined data, however, [are] con¬ siderably more elusive, so that anyone who asks such a seemingly elementary question as “How many votes did a party receive at a given election?” had better be prepared to devote a good many hours of research among sources which are not always easily available. 1 Since Scarrow’s work was published in 1962, through 1988, there were ten federal general elections, 88 federal by-elections, and 79 pro¬ vincial and territorial elections. No additional comprehensive collection of such data has been made widely available. Hence, the need for a broadly disseminated source of Canadian elec¬ tion returns, updating Scarrow, seems evident. Although this work is patterned after Scar- row, there are some significant changes which should be noted by those who use both works in studying changes in Canadian election re¬ sults. The present work is organized by province and territory in order to facilitate the analysis of changes at these important levels. National election trends, aggregating provincial returns for each year, are summarized only in chapter 2, whereas Scarrow’s analysis was organized on the basis of the returns for each election. Both works ultimately report the results of elections at the riding (constituency) level. Another change worth noting is hidden by the data. Professor Scarrow had to contend with what was a basic fact of life in analyzing federal election returns for the 1878-1958 period, and that was the absence of party affiliation, as in¬ dicated on either the ballot or in the compiled election returns themselves. The enormity of ascertaining the party affiliation, or absence of one for every candidate for each riding in each election, cannot be fully appreciated for those who have not tried it. Fortunately, the author of this present work only had to contend with eight elections in this regard, the seven from 1935 to 1958 in which the two works overlap each other, and 1962 as well. Why were the 1935-1958 elections checked? Simply, this was done to put the stamp of ve¬ racity on Scarrow’s work, which had been criti¬ cized for alleged errors. 2 The check was done by using three major sources which were not available to Professor Scarrow. These include lists for absentee members of the Canadian armed forces of candidates and their party affili¬ ations, 3 a listing of all members elected to Com¬ mons by riding, 4 and a history of all ridings which includes candidates and their affiliations, if any. 5 Those errors which were detected were minimal at best. For 1963 and succeeding elections, candi¬ dates’ party affiliation was reported in the com¬ piled Report of the Chief Electoral Officer for each election. These latter reports provide the raw data for federal elections on which this and Professor Scarrow's work are based. It might be added that party affiliation first appeared on the ballot itself in the 1972 election. One may often think of Canadian parties in terms of the two main parties, Liberals and Progressive Conservatives, plus a significant 1 : Introduction third party or two. Previously known as Con¬ servatives, the prefix “Progressive” was added starting with the 1945 election. The two princi¬ pal third parties, Social Credit and Cooperative Commonwealth Federation 'New Democratic Party, are included in all tabulations, whether they ran candidates or not in any particular elec¬ tion. In the case of the ccf/ndp, we list the two together, as the result of a name change which took place in 1961. Although Social Credit has all but disappeared at the federal level, it is in¬ cluded in all riding tables in order to maintain consistency of presentation as well as to identify those constituencies where it has continued to appear. The tables also include a generic classifi¬ cation of “other” for Independents, other third parties, and those who ran without any party label. In this last case the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer specifically included this as a separate category ("none") starting in 1972, and this is so noted for the annual as well as regional and provincial summaries. Some small confusion can result from this, as Ontario, for instance, elected a candidate listed as "none” in 1984, while some reports might list this and similar persons as "independent.” As table 1-1 makes clear, there has never been much of a shortage of third parties. Quite often, however, as the constituency tables will show, a “party” consists of a single candidate. Another change from Scarrow’s for¬ mat concerns the placement of the by-election results. Rather than placing them at the end, we have summarized them in chapter 2 (National Results). As Scarrow subsequently showed, by- elections can be taken as a measure of public opinion as well as potentially affecting the bal¬ ance in Commons. 6 Hence, including them at the national and provincial levels of analysis should make their results easier to interpret. Also included in summary form are data on voter turnout, organized by year and province. It is worth pointing out that Canada has, as com¬ pared to the United States, a significantly higher level of turnout. One reason apparently lies in the manner in which voters are enrolled in each country. Typically, in the United States, registra¬ tion is initiated by the voter. That is, the would- be voter has to go somewhere, even if it is to a shopping plaza where a booth has been set up. In Canada, on the other hand, canvassers or enumerators go door-to-door across the nation. Following this, major advertising campaigns are undertaken to advise those voters who had not been enumerated about how they might enroll as voters. Consequently, voter turnout is not only high, but the figures for Canada have a high degree of accuracy. Turnout is about 6 percent lower when the total adult population is used as the base as against voter lists. This may not be due to errors and omissions on the part of enu¬ merators but because the total population contains approximately that percentage who are ineligible to vote by reason of lack of citi¬ zenship or insufficient length of residence in their constituency. 7 A matter which has some significant import is that of “redistribution" or reapportionment. 8 Except for the 1959-1963 period after Alaska and Hawaii entered the union, the U.S. House of Representatives has remained constant at 435 members since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were included. On the other hand, there has been an incremental growth in the size of the House of Commons. Originally standing at 181 members in 1867, it grew until, for the period on which we report, it ranged from 245 to 295 members. Consequently, the number of Members of Parliament for each province and territory has also varied. In an earlier era there was a considerable degree of gerrymandering, or drawing of riding (constituency) lines in order to best advan¬ tage one party over the other. Qualter has sug¬ gested that “all redistributions prior to 1966 were carried out in great haste, with partisan motives dominating all other considerations. . . ,” 9 Since the passage of the 1964 Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, the drawing of riding lines has been the responsibility of eleven independent commissions, following the de- 2 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 cennial census. Each of these commissions is headed by a judge appointed by the chief justice for each province and the Northwest Territories. Nonetheless, when district lines are drawn, they inevitably have consequences affecting the like¬ lihood of partisan success and the magnitude of that success. In this light we must point out that, although we provide summary results for each provincial and territorial election, we do not explore these elections on a riding-by-riding basis. Nonethe¬ less, even though federal reapportionments have been removed from the partisan arena, there is still a great deal of gerrymandering within the provinces as regards the drawing of lines for partisan advantage. As Professor Qual- ter puts it, until very recent times the gerrymander was a normal weapon in the political battle and if it has now disappeared from the federal scene it is still alive and flourishing in most of the provinces. 10 This factor in provincial elections has been examined principally not in terms of its parti¬ san implications but in the sense of urban-rural imbalances. 11 Explanation of Tables All tables in this work derive from a basic building block. This is the analysis by riding which shows party totals, in absolute terms as well as in percentages. Obviously, this is the most common type of table in the book. Hence, for each province or territory we have such a table for each election year, broken down by ridings. A difficulty of compiling such tables is how to deal with the plethora of “other" party candidates and Independents. In order to stan¬ dardize the reporting of results, we include for each election, whether at the national, regional, provincial, or riding levels, the results for four parties. These are, respectively, the Progressive Conservatives (Conservatives in the 1935 and 1940 elections), the Liberals, the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (ccf, 1935-1958)/ New Democratic Party (ndp, 1962-1988). and Social Credit. We grant that not all four parties have contested all riding elections, particularly the ccf in its early years, and Social Credit more generally. However, by including these four in a standard format, the data can be easily re¬ trieved and recognized. For that matter, the ab¬ sence of results can be taken as indicative of a particular party not contesting at the specified level. We also include for all elections a col¬ umn labeled “other,” which represents both the “other” parties to which we have alluded as well as Independents and (since 1972) those with no party designation. In all provincial and territorial tables for each election, when “others” are in¬ dicated, a note at the end of the table indicates how many ridings were contested by each par¬ ticular party or by Independents. These basic tables for each province and territory for each year are then aggregated at the regional and national levels, showing for all election years the patterns of support for each party in terms of not only votes but also seats won. From these basic tables we have also as¬ sembled the following additional information regarding competivness, following the model laid down by Scarrow: 1. Tables on the number of seats contested, retained, gained and lost by each party. 2. Tables on the number of seats won by the victor’s margin. Both of these tables are then aggregated for each province and territory. Following this, these tables have been ag¬ gregated to the regional level and then to the nation as a whole, as well as for each elec¬ tion year. 3. A summary table showing for each provincial and territorial election the actual number of votes and seats won for all elections since 1935, by year and party. These data are not available for the Northwest Territories, since elections to the Legislative Assembly have been nonpartisan in nature. Such was the case for the Yukon, as well, until 1978. In a sense, therefore, this book has been as¬ sembled from the basic riding totals, aggregat¬ ing results at the provincial and territorial levels, 3 : Introduction then to the regions, and finally to the nation as a whole. Care has been taken to validate the data by disaggregation, checking provincial/territorial as well as national results against the informa¬ tion supplied by the Chief Electoral Officer. In the rare instances where discrepancies have emerged, these have been checked with Elec¬ tions Canada and are so indicated in notes for the provincial tables for each year. Organization of the Book To summarize, the following schematic illus¬ trates the way in which this book is organized, showing the processes of aggregation and dis¬ aggregation which have been employed. Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapters 4-15 National Regional Provincial and Results Results Territorial Results Summary «- —»Summary < e—> Summary Seats Seats Seats Contested, Contested, Contested, Retained <— -> Retained, «- —> Retained, Gained, Gained, Gained, and Lost and Lost and Lost Margins <— -> Margins <- —* Margins Turnout By-Election Results Individual Individual Individual Years Years Years Seats Seats Seats Contested, Contested, Contested, Retained <— -» Retained, <- —> Retained, Gained, Gained, Gained, and Lost and Lost and Lost Margins -* Margins <- —» Margins Provincial Election Summaries Table 1-1 Abbreviations Indicating Political Affiliations of Candidates, and Years of Appearance on Ballot Year of Appearance Abbreviation Party Name 1935 1940 1945 1949 1953 1957 1958 Anti.-Comm. Anti-Communist X X Anti-Con. Anti-Conscription X BPC Bloc Populaire Canadien X CBC Cooperative Builders of Canada CCF Cooperative Commonwealth Federation X X X X X X X CLE Candidat Liberal des Electeurs CRWP Confederation of Regions Western Party Can. Dem. Canadian Democrat .X Can. Lab. Canadian Labor X X X Cap. Fam Capital Familial X CHP Christian Heritage Party of Canada Chr. Lib. Christian Liberal X Comm. Communist X X Comm’lth. Commonwealth Confed. Confederation Cons. Conservative X X Dem. Democrat X DVP Droit Vital Personnel Elector’s Elector’s X Esp. Soc. Esprit Social 4 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Notes 1. Howard A. Scarrow, Canada Votes: A Handbook of Federal and Provincial Election Data (New Orleans: The Hauser Press, 1962), p. 1. 2. See Alan C. Cairns, “The Electoral System and the Party System in Canada," Canadian Journal of Political Science 1 (March 1968), 55-80. 3. These went under various names, as follows: Active Service Voting Regulations" (1940); "The Canadian War Service Voting Regulations, 1944" (1945); “The Canadian Defence Service Voting Regulations" (1949); "The Canadian Forces Voting Regulations" (1953, 1957, 1958); “The Canadian Forces Voting Rules” (1962). All were published by the Chief Electoral Officer, Ottawa. 4. Appendix I in J. K. Johnson, ed., The Canadian Direc¬ tory of Parliament, 1867-1967 (Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1968). 5. History of the Federal Election Ridings, 1867-1980, 4 vols. (Ottawa: Information and Reference Branch, Library of Parliament, n.d.). 6. Howard A. Scarrow, “By-Elections and Public Opinion in Canada," Public Opinion Quarterly 25 (Spring 1961), 79-91; Barry J. Kay, “By-Elections as Indicators of Canadian Voting," Canadian Journal of Political Science 14 (March 1981), 37-52; Pippa Norris and Frank B Feigert, “Government and Third-Party Performance in Mid-Term By-Elections: The Canadian, British, and Australian Experience," Electoral Studies 8 (April 1989). 7. Mildred A. Schwartz, "Canadian Voting Behavior," in Richard Rose (ed.), Electoral Behavior: A Comparative Handbook (New York: The Free Press, 1974), p. 557. Whether for the same reasons or not, this is quite close to the results of a limited study sponsored by the Chief Electoral Officer which showed that approximately 95 percent of the eligible voters are enrolled by this method Personal communication to the author by Christine Jackson, assistant chief of operations (Training and Information), Elections Canada, December 18,1986. 8. The process of redistribution has been the subject of many works by Norman Ward, most notably The Canadian House of Commons: Representation (2d ed.: Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963) and "A Cen¬ tury of Constituencies," Canadian Public Administration 10 (March 1967), 105-22. 9. Terence H. Oualter, The Election Process in Canada (Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 1970), p. 100. 10. Ibid., p. 116. 11. John Anthony Long, "Maldistribution in Western Pro¬ vincial Legislatures: The Case of Alberta," Canadian Journal of Political Science 2 (September 1969), 345-55. _ Year of Appearance _ 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 X X X X X X X X X X X X XXX X X X X 5 : Introduction Table 1-1 (Continued) Abbreviation Party Name 1935 1940 Year of Appearance 1945 1949 1953 1957 1958 Farmer Farmer X Farm.-Lab. Farmer Labor X X X Franclib. Franc Liberal GP Green Party Ind. Independent X X X X X X X Ind.A.-Cons. Independent Anti-Conscription X Ind. BPC Independent Bloc Populaire Canadien X Ind. CCF Independent C.C.F. X Ind. Can. Independent Canadian Ind. Cons. Independent Conservative X X Ind. Ind. Independantiste Independent Ind. Lab. Independent Labor X Ind. Lib. Independent Liberal X X X X X X Ind. LP Independent Liberal Progressive X X Ind. Nat. Independent National X Ind. PC Independent Progressive Conservative X X X X X X Ind. Recon. Independent Reconstruction X X Ind. SC Independent Social Credit X X Lab. Labor X X X X Lab.-Farm. Labor Farmer X X Lab. Prog. Labor Progressive X X X X X X Lab. Soc. Labor Socialist X X Lib. Liberal X X X X X X X Lib.-Con. Liberal-Conservative X Lib.-Prog. Liberal-Progressive X X Lib. Elec. Liberal des Electeurs Lib. Lab. Liberal Labor X X X Lib. Ouv. Liberal Ouvrier Libert. Libertarian M.-L. Marxist-Leninist NDP New Democratic Party Nat'list. Nationalist X X Nat. Lab. National Labor X Nat. LP National Liberal Progressive X Nat. Soc. National Socialist Nat. Un. National Unity X X New Cap. New Capitalist New Can. New Canada None No party designation Ouv. Ind. Ouvrier independant PCR Party for Commonwealth-Republic PDC Parti de la Confederation PDE Parti de la Democratization Economique PNQ Parti Nationaliste du Quebec PWM Progressive Workers Movement Prog. Cons. Progressive Conservative X X X X X 6 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 _ Year of Appearance _ 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 x x x xxx x x X X X X X xxxxxxxxxx X xxxxxxxxxx X x X X X X X X xxxxxxxxxx 7 : Introduction Table 1-1 (Continued) Abbreviation Party Name RC Ind. Independent Ralliement Creu Rad. Chr. Radical Christian RC Ralliement Creditiste Reconstn. Reconstruction Ref. Reform Repub. Republican Rhino Rhinoceros Soc. Socialist Soc. Cred. Social Credit X X Soc. Just. Social Justice Soc. Lab. Socialist Labor X Tech. Technocrat X Trade Un. Trade Union X UFO-Lab. United Farmers of Ontario-Labor X X UP Union Populaire Un. Elec. Union of Electors X Un. Prog. United Progressive X Un. Ref. United Reform X Unity Unity X X Verdun Verdun X Vetns. Veterans X Table 1-2 Representation in the House of Commons General Elections 1935 1940 1945 1949 1953 1957 1958 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 Alberta 17 17 17 19 21 26 British Columbia 16 18 22 23 28 32 Manitoba 17 16 14 13 14 14 New Brunswick 10 10 10 10 10 10 Newfoundland 7 7 7 7 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 2 2 Nova Scotia 12 13 12 11 11 11 Ontario 82 83 85 88 95 99 Prince Edward Island 4 4 4 4 4 4 Quebec 65 73 75 74 75 75 Saskatchewan 21 20 17 13 14 14 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total Seats 245 262 265 264 282 295 8 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 _ Year of Appearance _ 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 x x X X X X xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx X X 9 Introduction 2 National Results: Individual Elections As noted in the preceding chapter, we start this analysis with the 1935 elections for sev¬ eral reasons. One was the desired overlap with Professor Scarrow’s work. Another was the sig¬ nificance of that election, the first of five won by the Liberals, each of which produced a majority government. In the seventeen elections exam¬ ined, the Liberals have won or been able to form the government in all but six, those of 1957 (when the Liberals actually won a higher per¬ centage of the vote), 1958, 1962, 1979, 1984, and 1988. Minority governments have been formed six times, three under each of the major parties. Following their disastrous defeat in 1935, the Conservatives failed to contest all seats until 1958. The Liberals, on the other hand, have been quite consistent in this regard, contesting all but 12 seats since 1935. The two third parties we examine have quite different records. The ccf/ndp has generally contested seats across the nation, in most if not all of the provinces, since it began winning seats and had time to develop an infrastructure. In 1974, for the first time, it contested every seat, just as did the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives. Social Credit, on the other hand, generally confined itself to contesting a limited number of seats, principally in the West, until its expansion into Quebec. It was there, in 1965 and 1968, that it won its greatest number of seats under the splinter faction known as Ralliement Creditiste. Following the disappearance of this faction, it gradually ran fewer and fewer candidates until it virtually disappeared in 1984 with only 0.1 percent of the popular vote, and even less than that in 1988. It is also interesting to note that there has been a trend of “other” candidacies in recent years, jumping from 61 in 1972 to 239 in 1974 and increasing ever since. From these data it is difficult to tell to what extent, if at all, this may be indicative of discontent within the electorate. Electoral margins show some contrasting images of party strength. Something less than 20 percent of all contests have, on average, been decided by less than 5 percent of the vote, whereas almost 40 percent have been decided by 20 percent or more. The latter may be some¬ what surprising, given the fact of multiple can¬ didacies in the Canadian electoral system. Of interest in this regard is the fact that, since party label first appeared on the ballot in 1972, elec¬ tions have seemingly become less competitive for the most part. With this as a brief overview, we now turn to the data for the several elections, and the circumstances surrounding them. (see tables 2-1,2-2, and 2-3 at end of text) The Election of October 14,1935 In the midst of the worldwide depression, the Conservative government of Richard Bennett had lost a series of by-elections. Bennett's gov¬ ernment had refused to take action on a series of economic issues, such as the budget, tar¬ iffs, and unemployment insurance. Hence, the Conservatives were faced with several chal¬ lenges. These included the emergence of two new parties, the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (ccf) and Social Credit as well as a one-time breakaway or splinter of the Conser¬ vatives, known as Reconstruction. The Liberal 11 : The National Results Party was also more than willing to at least talk about taking measures to get the country out of the sloughs of the depression. The Liberals, headed by Mackenzie King, campaigned with the slogan "It's King or Chaos,” attacking both Bennett's record and personality. Consequently, the Conservatives suffered a severe setback, not winning another elec¬ tion until 1957 and only episodically after that. Their vote and seat shares from 1930 to 1935 declined 19.1 percent and 39.6 percent respec¬ tively, demonstrating quite well one of the givens of the Canadian electoral system: the distorting effects of multi-partism. 1 Interestingly, although the Liberals were able to gain more than 70 percent of the votes, their vote share actually dropped, from 45.5 percent 2 to 44.9 percent. Nonetheless, they were able to achieve suffi¬ cient strength in enough provinces and regions so as to capitalize on the divisive effects of the third parties which, between them, won more than 20 percent of the popular vote. One of these, the ccf, was to become a fix¬ ture on the Canadian scene, although its initial performance in 1935 in terms of both votes and seats could hardly have foretold this. The ccf contested almost half of the ridings, winning only seven seats while gaining almost 9 per¬ cent of the vote. By contrast, Social Credit lim¬ ited itself to contesting only 40 seats in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. For their efforts, they netted 4 percent of the vote but won seventeen seats. This established a pattern that was to be followed for years to come, that the ccf, later reconstituted as the New Democratic Party (ndp), would attempt to run on a national basis, but be penalized in terms of the differ¬ ence between vote and seat share. On the other hand, Social Credit would, for the most part, capitalize on the tendency for third parties to fare better when they concentrate their efforts on a regional basis. 3 (see tables 2-4, 2-5, and 2-6 at end of text) The Election of March 26,1940 Led again by Mackenzie King, the Liberals won a decisive victory against the Conser¬ vatives, running under the temporary label of National Government. Robert Manion, the Con¬ servative leader selected at the party’s 1938 leadership convention, was caught napping by King's dissolution of Parliament. Portraying the Conservatives as a party of reaction, King capitalized on a resolution of no confidence in the national government which had passed in the Conservative-controlled On¬ tario legislature. King concentrated his cam¬ paign on a defense of his party’s record and promised that conscription, fiercely opposed in Quebec, would not be introduced. The Liberals captured a clear majority of the popular vote, “marking the first time since 1911 that a single party had been able to win a clear majority of the vote.” 4 And, with 181 seats to their credit, they ran up one of the strongest majorities in the history of Commons. At the time the Conservatives were seriously divided on the issue of wartime conscription, and in a financial crisis. Hence, they failed to contest more than 30 ridings, leaving them with the same number of seats (40) as they had won in 1935, and only a marginally improved share of the vote. The improvement in the Liberals’ position came largely at the expense of Social Credit, which saw a drop in both its vote share (2.7 percent) and in the number of seats won (10), all in Alberta. The ccf, on the other hand, did roughly as well as it had in 1935, winning seats in four provinces. Five of its eight seats were won in Saskatchewan while they lost two seats in British Columbia and one in Manitoba, picking up a seat in Nova Scotia—one of the rare times a third party has won a seat in the Maritimes. (see tables 2-7, 2-8, and 2-9 at end of text) The Election of June 11, 1945 Headed once again by Mackenzie King, the Liberals entered the election far better orga¬ nized than did the renamed "Progressive Con¬ servatives," who did not have a leader in Com¬ mons. John Manion, the Conservative leader, had lost his seat in the previous election and had resigned his leadership position accord- 12 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 ingly. in 1941 Arthur Meighen of the Senate assumed leadership of the party and contested a February 1942 by-election in York South (On¬ tario) which was uncontested by the Liberals. However, he lost that election to the ccf, forcing the party on hard times in a leadership sense. In December 1942 the party selected Premier John Bracken of Manitoba as its head, but he declined to seek a seat in Commons, leaving them without a leader in Parliament. Remarkably, considering these circum¬ stances, the Tories did substantially better in the election than they had five years earlier, drop¬ ping from 30.7 percent to 27.4 percent in the popular vote but increasing their seats from 40 to 67. The Liberals were able to form a majority government with 125 seats, down from 181, and their vote decreased from 51.5 percent to 41.1 percent. The ccf may have been the major beneficiary in this Liberal decline, as their vote improved from 8.5 percent to 15.6 percent, and their share of seats increased from 8 to 28. This is reflective of their increasing strength in pro¬ vincial elections, most obviously in Saskatche¬ wan where they had captured 47 of 53 seats with a clear majority in 1944. Social Credit continued to be most successful in the West, contesting all of Alberta’s 17 seats and winning 13 of these. However, for the first time they began to diffuse their efforts some¬ what, contesting 95 seats in seven of the then nine provinces (Newfoundland did not enter until 1949), including 43 seats in Quebec where they did not fare especially well. Notable was the presence of candidates from minor parties, especially so in Quebec. There the electoral picture was clouded in terms of how to clas¬ sify candidates, especially former members of that party who ran under various labels such as Independent or Independent Liberal. Further compounding the confusion was the emergence of the Bloc Populaire Canadien (as well as Inde¬ pendent bpc), a nationalist party. 5 Among the issues contested in the elec¬ tion was that of conscription, one which seri¬ ously divided the Liberals, especially in Que¬ bec. Reversing their earlier position, the Tories proposed that conscription take place for the Pacific campaign. The election also centered on postwar economic plans. The Conserva¬ tives, having adopted the prefix “Progressive,” attacked these plans as overly socialistic. (see tables 2-10, 2-11, and 2-12 at end of text) The Election of June 27,1949 Prime Minister King having retired from poli¬ tics in 1948, the new leader of the Liberals was Louis St. Laurent. The new leader of the Pro¬ gressive Conservatives was George Drew, pre¬ mier of Ontario from 1943 to 1948 when he was selected over John Diefenbaker and Donald Fleming at a leadership convention. Notable in this election was the fact that both of the major parties contested virtually every seat, while minor and other parties entered fewer contests than they had in 1945. The election was called principally to consoli¬ date the position of the Liberals as well as that of their new leader, and in both of these aims they were successful. In addition, the Liberals could be seen as being under pressure from the left in the form of the ccf, who had made major gains in the previous election. Taking the offensive, St. Laurent characterized the ccf as “Liberals in a hurry.” The result can be readily described as a landslide, as the Liberals polled almost 50 percent of the vote, and won 193 seats, almost three-fourths of the total. This vic¬ tory seems to have come at the expense of all of the other parties. The Tories slipped from 67 to 41 seats, and once again polled less than 30 percent of the vote; the ccf slipped from 28 to 13 seats, winning only 5 percent of the vote; and Social Credit also lost three of the seats they had held in Alberta. Of note in this regard is that while Social Credit contested seats in only five provinces as compared to seven in 1945, they ran candidates in 50 Quebec ridings, up from 43, although with no apparent success. Inde¬ pendent and other candidates also fared more poorly than in 1945. Underlying the election was an economy that the Liberals were able to bring to the elector¬ ate in a successful light. As a result of a budget surplus of some $575 million, income tax reduc- 13 : The National Results tions for the middle class were made possible, and these cuts served the Liberals well. Along with this and related issues, the election served in part as a referendum on the Liberals' man¬ agement of the economy. (see tables 2-13, 2-14, and 2-15 at end of text) The Election of August 10,1953 In what was essentially a replay of the 1949 election, Prime Minister St. Laurent campaigned on the government's record of social services and budgetary surpluses. Countering this, Tory leader Drew ran the campaign on charges of corruption and mismanagement, promising a tax cut and opposing domestic communism. For the most part, the Liberals were able to repeat their successes of 1949, drawing slightly less than 50 percent of the vote while winning 171 seats, down 19 from 1949. These losses were not in any uniform direction; they went to Social Credit in British Columbia (three seats) and Alberta (two seats), the ccf in Saskatche¬ wan (six seats), and the Progressive Conserva¬ tives in Ontario (eight seats). The Tories, up 10 seats to 51, were still unable to advance their share of the popular vote to as much as a third. The ccf rebounded somewhat, adding fifteen seats to its 1949 total. Its increased strength was seen in Saskatchewan and British Colum¬ bia, a province which also provided the basis for Social Credit winning seats beyond Alberta for the first time. (see tables 2-16, 2-17, and 2-18 at end of text) The Election of June 10, 1957 Resigning in the autumn of 1956 from the leadership of the Progressive Conservatives on the advice of his doctor, George Drew stepped aside and was replaced by John Diefenbaker of Saskatchewan at a leadership convention. Linder Diefenbaker’s leadership, the Tories were able to end a string of five straight Liberal victo¬ ries starting in 1935. A minority government was formed, with the Tories holding 112 of 265 seats (up 61), showing gains in all provinces, mainly in Ontario (up 29 seats). Their share of the vote also increased to well over one third, hitting a high of 38.9 per¬ cent. The Liberals, while receiving more votes than did the Tories (40.9 percent, down from 48.9 percent in 1953), captured 105 seats, down 66 from 1953. This was, in effect, the begin¬ ning of the regionalization of the Liberals into a party which could seldom win west of Ontario (with occasional and rare exceptions such as in British Columbia). 6 Indeed, 62 of their seats were won in Quebec. The minor parties generally fared better than they had in the past, principally at the expense of the Liberals. The ccf won 25 seats in four provinces, including seven in British Columbia. Social Credit also picked up two seats in British Columbia Both parties concentrated on the Liberals’ record, Prime Minister St. Laurent pointing to his administration’s accomplishments. The Tories labeled this record as dictatorial and arrogant. Ironically, “Dief" was portrayed in this election as the champion of the common man, but he later acquired the same image of arrogance that had been ascribed to St. Laurent. (see tables 2-19, 2-20, and 2-21 at end of text) The Election of March 31,1958 Little more than nine months after establish¬ ing his minority government, Prime Minister Diefenbaker headed the Progressive Conser¬ vatives in response to a challenge by the Lib¬ erals. Lester Pearson of Ontario, the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize winner and past president of the United Nations, had been selected to replace St. Laurent at a January 1958 leadership con¬ vention. Upon his selection, Pearson called for the government to resign, thus playing into Diefen- baker's hand. The Tories claimed that the eco¬ nomic slowdown then besetting the country had been created by the Liberals. Evidently, the combination of Diefenbaker s popularity and a genuine desire for change helped the Tories, as they won 208 seats, an increase of 96. They 14 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 also achieved their first popular vote majority (53.6 percent) since 1917, when they had com¬ bined with “Unionist” Liberals dissenting on the conscription issue to form what was reported as the “Government.” 7 The Liberals, on the other hand, won only 49 seats, a loss of 56, and slipped to barely more than a third of the popular vote. Helping the Tories in this revival was a de¬ cline in the fortunes of the third parties. Social Credit won no seats at all, and its diminished position in Alberta and British Columbia helped to add to the Progressive Conservative majority. The ccf also fared less well, losing seventeen of their seats to the Tories. (see tables 2-22, 2-23, and 2-24 at end of text) The Election of June 18,1962 Prime Minister Diefenbaker called the elec¬ tion on the basis of his perceived absence of major issues, a situation which had normally operated to favor the governing party. There were, however, sufficient issues of an economic nature upon which the Liberals could capitalize. These included the devaluation of the Cana¬ dian dollar from U.S. $1.03 to U.S. $0,925, and an unemployment rate approaching 7 percent. Campaigning for the Liberals, Pearson dwelt on these economic misfortunes, but not success¬ fully enough to capture Commons. A minority government was formed, with the Tories winning 116 of the 265 seats, a loss of 92, while their popular vote dropped 16.3 per¬ cent to 37.3 percent. The Liberals picked up 50 seats, increasing their total to 99, as a re¬ sult of a modest vote gain from 33.6 percent to 37.2 percent. The New Democratic Party, the label adopted by the ccf in 1960, also gained in this election, moving from 8 to 19 seats with a vote change from 9.5 percent to 13.5 per¬ cent. The clear “winner" in the sense of seats gained was Social Credit, going from none at all to 30, of which 26 were won in Quebec, nor¬ mally a Liberal stronghold. Their vote share also increased sharply, from 2.6 percent to 11.7 per¬ cent. Notable in this regard was the fact that Social Credit contested seats everywhere ex¬ cept in the Yukon, running 212 candidates, up 130 from 1958. This represented a sharp break from its typical strategy of running a limited number of candidates in selected (usually west¬ ern) ridings. (see tables 2-25, 2-26, and 2-27 at end of text) The Election of April 7,1963 The Progressive Conservative minority gov¬ ernment of Prime Minister Diefenbaker found itself unable to govern, with legislation dead¬ locked. Hence, another election was held after only ten months. Neither party had had a leadership change, and Lester Pearson led the Liberals. The dominant issues were the absence of majority government and Diefenbaker’s record, particularly his stance in opposition to arming Canada’s forces with nuclear weapons. The re¬ sult was the second of three successive minority governments, this time won by the Liberals with the support of three Social Credit members who agreed to support Pearson except on nuclear policy. This was the first of another five succes¬ sive elections won by the Liberals, until the 1979 election. The Tories lost 21 seats, down to 95, while their vote share decreased to less than a third again, more or less what they were to continue to get until they captured a majority in 1984. The Liberals can be aptly termed the only win¬ ners of the election, as they gained not only 30 seats (to 129) but also in votes, from 37.2 per¬ cent to 41.7 percent. Both minor parties lost, but only marginally. The ndp slipped from 19 to 17 seats, while its vote was virtually unchanged. Similarly, Social Credit lost 6 seats, dropping to 24, but with a minimum gain in votes. While Social Credit contested more seats (223) than it had earlier or was to do in the future, it ran a candidate in the Yukon but failed to run in the Northwest Territories, Newfoundland, and Prince Edward Island. Its major successes were in Alberta and British Columbia, where it re¬ tained the two seats won in 1962 in each prov- 15 : The National Results ince, and in Quebec. In the latter, it retained 17 seats, gained 3, and lost 9 previously held. (see tables 2-28, 2-29, and 2-30 at end of text) The Election of November 8, 1965 After more than two years of minority govern¬ ment, Prime Minister Pearson called an elec¬ tion for tactical reasons, feeling that the time was ripe for the winning of a majority. The Pro¬ gressive Conservatives were again led by John Diefenbaker. In a lackluster campaign which focused on the needs for a majority (Liberals) and national unity (Tories), both major parties were frustrated by an inability to make signifi¬ cant gains, and a third successive minority gov¬ ernment was made necessary. Turnout was down rather sharply for the Canadian system, from 79.2 percent to 74.8 percent. Only Nova Scotia and the Northwest Territories showed any gains. The Liberals and Tories each showed a gain of two seats from the 1963 elections, the Liberals to 131 seats and the Tories to 97. This was accomplished in each instance despite a small loss of popular votes (Liberals, 41.7 percent to 40.2 percent; Tories, 32.8 percent to 32.4 percent). While Social Credit won 14 seats (down 10 from 1963 with a drop of 3.5 percent in the vote), a split leadership foretold worse for the party. In the West, under Robert Thompson, the party won 5 seats, 2 in Alberta and 3 in British Columbia. In Quebec, the breakaway faction of Ralliement Creditiste under Real Caouette won 9 seats, down from 20 in 1963. The party’s misfortunes were reflected in its running 161 candidates, a drop of 62. Only the ndp showed any signifi¬ cant improvement. It gained 4 seats, to a total of 21, principally in Ontario, while its share of the popular vote increased to 17.9 percent, up from 13.2 percent in 1963. (see tables 2-31,2-32, and 2-33 at end of text) The Election of June 25, 1968 After Prime Minister Pearson retired in 1967 he was succeeded at a leadership convention by a former Progressive Conservative, Pierre Elliott Trudeau of Quebec. A leadership change had also occurred for the Tories, as Diefenbaker withdrew from consideration after the third bal¬ lot at their 1967 convention, to be replaced by Robert Stanfield of Nova Scotia. Having been selected as prime minister, Trudeau called an election, hoping to build a clear majority by capi¬ talizing on his personal popularity. The cam¬ paign focused on questions of social justice for Quebec, unification of the Canadian nation, and economic policies. Underlying this was the ap¬ parent contrast between Trudeau's youth and charisma versus Stanfield's more conservative personality. The result was a clear victory for Trudeau’s Liberals, ending six years of minority govern¬ ment. Following a redistribution, the Liberals gained 5.3 percent in the popular vote, up to 45.5 percent, and 24 seats, up to 155 of the 264 in Commons. This was to be their high water mark in both regards in the period we cover. Notable in this regard was the Liberals’ improve¬ ment in the west, gaining seats in a manner they were not to equal again. In Alberta, for in¬ stance, they won four seats, which were to be lost four years later. Manitoba showed a gain of four seats, and Saskatchewan added two more to the Liberal total. In British Columbia a total of 16 seats was won by the Liberals, a position of strength they were to never equal again in the period covered. The Tories, on the other hand, while dropping only one percentage point in the vote, to 31.4 percent, lost 25 seats, to a total of 72. The ndp, contesting almost all ridings, lost nearly a full point in the popular vote but man¬ aged to increase its seats from 21 to 22, de¬ spite the loss of seats it had previously held in British Columbia and Ontario. This was princi¬ pally accomplished in Saskatchewan, where 6 seats were gained. Social Credit won no seats at all on its own, losing those previously held in Alberta and British Columbia. Quebec provided 14 seats for Ralliement Creditiste, a net gain of 5 for this splinter of Social Credit. Between the two, 104 candidates contested elections (70 16 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 of these under the banner of Ralliement Credi- tiste), a drop of 57. (see tables 2-34, 2-35, and 2-36 at end of text) The Election of October 30,1972 More than four years after the last election, each of the major parties entered the campaign with its leadership intact. Several issues domi¬ nated the campaign. Included in these was the image of Prime Minister Trudeau as having an arrogant style of government. The Liberal policy of bilingualism was also pictured by the Tories as giving Quebec excessive sovereignty, and as discouraging national unity. Economic problems were also besetting Canada, with an increase in both inflation as well as unemployment—factors which put the Liberals on the defensive. The results were such that the Liberals were forced to form a minority government once again. They lost 46 seats, bringing them down to 109, with a drop in popular vote from 45.5 percent to 38.5 percent. Their most obvious losses were in the west, where they lost 20 seats and managed to retain only five, four in British Columbia and one in Saskatchewan. Another 28 seats were lost in Ontario, princi¬ pally by narrow margins. The Progressive Con¬ servative gains were impressive, from 72 to 107 seats, but it experienced only a minor in¬ crease in the popular vote, from 31.4 percent to 35.0 percent. A reunited Social Credit won 15 seats, but these were again limited to Quebec, although it contested more seats (165) than it had since 1963, or were ever to do again. The ndp made a significant advance, from 22 to 31 seats, on the basis of a net change in votes of less than 1 percent. (see tables 2-37, 2-38, and 2-39 at end of text) The Election of July 8, 1974 After more than a year and a half of minority government, Prime Minister Trudeau felt that the time was ripe to try to win majority control of Commons. Faced with a weakening economy, he probably chose to hold the election before in¬ flation got much worse. In attacking the Liberals, Stanfield again led the Tories, charging that mis¬ management was responsible for the inflation then gripping the nation. However, their own internal dissension on wage and price controls did not contribute to an image of a party pre¬ pared to make hard decisions. The Liberals, on the counterattack, stressed Trudeau's perceived qualities of decisiveness and intelligence. The result was a dramatic improvement in the fortunes of the Liberals, who were able to increase their hold on Commons by 32 seats, to a total of 141, thus restoring them to majority control and validating Trudeau’s strategy. Gains were made and seats held across the nation, with the exceptions of Alberta and the North¬ west Territories. Their popular vote increased from 38.5 percent to 43.2 percent. Contrasted with this, the Tories lost 12 seats, down to 95, despite a modest increase in the popular vote from 35 percent to 35.4 percent. It would appear that the bulk of the Liberals’ gains came at the expense of the two minor parties. The ndp suffered only a minor loss in the popular vote, from 17.7 percent to 15.4 per¬ cent, but this was sufficient to cost them 15 seats. These losses were principally in British Columbia, where their delegation went from 11 to 2 seats. Social Credit suffered further losses, winning only in Quebec, but losing 4 of the seats it had held there. (see tables 2-40, 2-41, and 2-42 at end of text) The Election of May 22,1979 Having held a comfortable majority in Com¬ mons as a result of the 1974 election, Prime Minister Trudeau used almost the full five years allowable before calling the next election. In this time the Progressive Conservatives held a leadership convention, following Stanfield's 1976 resignation and selected Joe Clark of Alberta. This gave Clark ample time to estab¬ lish an image of a young and personable leader, while the Liberals had to grapple with the prob¬ lems of government, waiting for an upsurge of popularity that never came. The Liberals had 17 : The National Results lost 13 of 15 by-elections in 1978 alone, reflect¬ ing their problems with the electorate. This was due in part to the contrasting image of Trudeau as arrogant and argumentative, as well as to being put on the defensive for their record over the last several years. Included in this were scandals leading to three resignations from the cabinet. Hence, the caliber of leadership be¬ came an underlying issue for this campaign. The Tories were able to capitalize on these problems, establishing a minority government with 136 seats out of 282, the latter figure com¬ ing about through a redistribution. Although these gains were significant in their own light, they came about largely through some narrow victories in Ontario, since their share of the vote increased only marginally, from 35.4 percent to 35.9 percent. By contrast, the Liberals lost 27 seats from their 1974 totals, going from 141 to 114, with a higher vote share of 40.1 percent, down from 43.2 percent in 1974. Contesting all seats for the first time in their history, the ndp fared particularly well, gaining back 10 seats to a total of 26, while their popular vote increased from 15.5 percent to 17.9 per¬ cent. Social Credit, on the other hand, lost 5 seats, bringing them down to 6, on a popular vote of 4.6 percent. This was to be the last year in this period in which Social Credit was to win any seats in Commons. (see tables 2-43, 2-44, and 2-45 at end of text) The Election of February 22, 1980 Once again, a minority government found itself in difficulty and another election was nec¬ essary, this time within nine months. A vote on a budget amendment, condemning the govern¬ ment’s attempt to deflate the economy, passed Commons by a vote of 139 to 133, and Prime Minister Clark dissolved Parliament on Decem¬ ber 14, 1979. The election focused on a variety of issues, including the economy. Foreign policy played a role, especially as regards the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the taking of U.S. hostages in Iran. Prime Minister Clark's gov¬ ernment attempted to portray the Progressive Conservatives as being tough on Soviet aggres¬ sion. Unexpectedly, the Tories received some public favor when the role of the Canadian em¬ bassy in Teheran in smuggling six Americans out of Iran was revealed. Liberal leader Trudeau was also the object of attacks by the Tories, but he kept a low profile, stressing his past record and achievements. The Liberals were restored to power, win¬ ning majority control with 147 seats, a gain of 33 within a year. They did so on the basis of winning 44.3 percent of the popular vote, an increase of 3.8 percent. However, this victory was tainted somewhat by their isolation from the West, winning only two seats in Manitoba. Their base in Quebec was stronger than ever before, as they won all but one seat there. The Tories, on the other hand, saw their vote share slip once again below a third for the first time since the 1968 election, to 32.5 percent, while they suffered a loss of 33 seats, down to 103. The ndp was able to make a gain of 6 seats, up to 32, the highest number they had ever won. In doing so, their share of the vote increased for the scond successive time, to 19.8 percent, again the highest vote they had received. Their greatest strength was in British Columbia (12 seats, a gain of 4), Manitoba, and Saskatche¬ wan (7 seats each, or half of each province’s delegation). On the basis of only 1.7 percent of the vote, down from 4.6 percent in 1979, Social Credit lost its 6 seats in Quebec, leaving it with no representation in Commons for only the sec¬ ond time since the party’s founding. (see tables 2-46, 2-47, and 2-48 at end of text) The Election of September 4,1984 Leadership changes occurred in both major parties prior to the election. At their 1983 leader¬ ship convention, the Progressive Conservatives ousted Joe Clark, their previous prime min¬ ister, and selected political newcomer, Brian Mulroney of Quebec, who had to win in a by- election in Nova Scotia in order to be seated in Commons. Prime Minister Trudeau resigned shortly before the election and was replaced as 18 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 party leader and prime minister by John Turner, a Liberal stalwart who had held a variety of cabi¬ net and sub-cabinet positions since 1963. 8 Over four and a half years had gone by since the last election, and Turner was forced to de¬ fend both Trudeau’s program and a number of patronage appointments he had made. Both parties stressed a variety of social programs, such as antipornography and affirmative action legislation. On the latter, Turner was hurt by reports that he had patted two women party leaders. Mulroney stressed tax revisions to make the wealthy pay more and suggested a turnabout in Canadian economic policy vis-a-vis the United States. To this end he emphasized a need for more U.S. development in Canada, and limiting restrictions on U.S. industry. In nation¬ ally televised debates, Mulroney appeared to be the “winner” over Turner. The result was a clear victory for the Tories, in which they received 211 or almost 75 percent of the seats, while receiving 50 percent of the votes. In several respects this was an unusual election. For example, it represented the great¬ est number of seats won by any party in Cana¬ dian history, although the percentage of seats was just marginally behind that which the Tories had received in 1958. It was also only the third time since 1935 that either party had received a majority of the popular vote, the other instances having occurred in 1940 and 1958. The rise in popular vote, from 32.5 percent, is the great¬ est recorded. The Liberals, by contrast, were reduced to their lowest number of seats ever, again on the strength of an unprecedented low popular vote of only 28 percent. Social Credit having all but disappeared, the ndp emerged with a vote loss of only 1 per cent, to 18.8 per¬ cent, and lost 10 seats, but were able to gain 8 back in Ontario, leaving them with 30. (see tables 2-49, 2-50, and 2-51 at end of text) The Election of November 21, 1988 Prime Minister Mulroney’s Tory government underwent some of the most dramatic changes ever to have taken place in terms of public opin¬ ion. Bear in mind that they had been elected with 50 percent of the vote. The Gallup Poll one month later, measuring vote intention, had the Tories at 60 percent, but this gradually declined to 23 percent as late as October 1987. At this point the Progressive Conservatives were third in public approval, running behind even the ndp for a fifteen-month period, and losing a series of by-elections in 1987. What accounted for this loss of public confidence in the majority party? The answer to this is complex, but can be found in part in a series of scandals which led to the resignations of several members of the gov¬ ernment. However, the Liberals were not without their own problems. Having survived a leader¬ ship review, John Turner then faced a revolt of his party members in Commons, twenty of whom signed a letter asking him to step aside. Questions were also raised about Turner in a widely discussed and most uncomplimentary book, Reign of Error by Greg Weston. 9 Finally, Turner had Liberal members of the unelected Senate withhold ratification of the Free Trade Treaty with the United States, pending the out¬ come of another federal election. With his party leading in the Gallup Poll for the first time since March 1986, Prime Minis¬ ter Mulroney called for an election in Septem¬ ber, ostensibly to be a referendum on the Free Trade Treaty. While there is some ambiguity as to whether and where the treaty was popu¬ lar, Mulroney also campaigned hard on im¬ proving economic conditions. These included a sharply lower unemployment rate and in¬ creased national productivity. The Liberals were forced to defend Turner’s actions in regard to the treaty. The ndp was also in a curious posi¬ tion relative to the treaty and public opinion. On the one hand, they disapproved of the treaty, but attacked Turner's actions as being anti¬ democratic. For a brief period, in 1987, they also led the two major parties in the Gallup Poll as regards vote intention. When the electorate was queried regarding who they preferred as the next prime minister, Ed Broadbent, the ndp leader, actually led both Mulroney and Turner in several polls. 19 : The National Results The volatility of the Canadian electorate has probably never been seen as clearly as in this election. Debates between the three major party leaders produced a temporary lead of more than 10 percent for Turner's Liberals in sev¬ eral polls, and it appeared that they might very well be restored to power. Prime Minister Mul- roney, however, campaigned effectively follow¬ ing the debates, deriding Turner's claims that the Free Trade Treaty would cost Canada her economic independence and make the nation a colony of the United States. The Liberal lead gradually evaporated and Mulroney posted a convincing victory over both parties, winning a majority government again. While the seats held by the Tories declined from 211 of 282 to 169 of 295 following a redistribution, and their vote share declined from 50 percent to 43 percent, they were able to capitalize on an especially weak vote share for the Liberals (32 percent) and a strengthening of the ndp from 30 to 43 seats. The election was clearly won for Mul¬ roney in Quebec, where the Tories increased their share of seats from 58 to 63 while losing seats rather broadly elsewhere. Of course, it should be borne in mind that the Tories started with such a significant share of seats, as a con¬ sequence of the previous election, that even major losses could leave them with a comfort¬ able majority. And this majority was soon em¬ ployed in ratifying the Free Trade Treaty. Leadership reviews faced both Turner and Broadbent as this volume went to press. On the bright side, each could claim to have led his party to significant improvements over its 1984 showing. However, the Liberals suffered their second worst popular vote showing since Con¬ federation, 10 and the ndp continued to be frus¬ trated by getting barely more than 20 percent of the vote. (see tables 2-52, 2-53, and 2-54 at end of text) Notes 1. Alan C. Cairns, "The Electoral System and the Party System in Canada, 1921-1965,” Canadian Journal of Political Science 1 (March 1968), 55-80. 2. Howard A. Scarrow, Canada Votes: A Handbook of Federal and Provincial Data (New Orleans: The Hauser Press, 1962), p 76. 3. Cairns, op cit., pp. 59-60; Scarrow, op. cit., p. 89 4 Scarrow, op. cit., p 103. 5. Scarrow notes, "So confusing was the election in Que¬ bec that no two sources agree as to the outcome" (op. cit., p. 116). Scarrow had used newspaper campaign accounts, and our own sources substantiate the validity of his classification. 6. See David E. Smith, The Regional Decline of a National Party: Liberals on the Prairies (Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1981). 7. Scarrow, op cit., table 11, p 28 8 A most useful compendium in this regard is Guide to Canadian Ministries Since Confederation, July 1, 1867- 1982 (Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada and Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1982) 9. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1988. 10. Scarrow, op. cit. 20 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 2-1 Votes and Seats Won, by Year and Party Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Soc. Cred. 1 Others 2 Year Vote % Seats Won Vote % Seats Won Vote % Seats Won Vote % Seats Won Vote % Seats Won Valid Vote Total Seats 1935 29.6 40 44.9 173 8.9 7 4.1 17 12.5 8 4,406,809 245 1940 30.7 40 51.5 181 8.5 8 2.7 10 6.6 6 4,620,260 245 1945 27.4 67 41.1 125 15.6 28 4.1 13 11.8 12 5,246,130 245 1949 29.7 41 49.5 190 13.4 13 3.7 10 3.7 8 5,848,971 262 1953 31.0 51 48.9 171 11.3 23 5.4 15 3.4 5 5,641,272 265 1957 39.0 112 40.9 105 10.7 25 6.6 19 2.8 4 6,605,980 265 1958 53.6 208 33.6 49 9.5 8 2.6 0.7 7,287,297 265 1962 37.3 116 37.2 99 13.5 19 11.7 30 0.4 1 7,690,134 265 1963 32.8 95 41.7 129 13.2 17 11.9 24 0.4 7,894,076 265 1965 32.4 97 40.2 131 17.9 21 8.4 14 1.2 2 7,713,516 265 1968 31.4 72 45.5 155 17.0 22 4.4 14 1.7 1 8,125,996 264 1972 35.0 107 38.5 109 17.7 31 7.6 15 1.2 2 9,667,489 264 1974 35.4 95 43.2 141 15.4 16 5.1 11 0.9 1 9,505,098 264 1979 35.9 136 40.1 114 17.9 26 4.6 6 1.5 11,455,702 282 1980 32.5 103 44.3 147 19.8 32 1.7 1.7 10,931,977 282 1984 50.0 211 28.0 40 18.8 30 0.1 3.0 1 12,548,921 282 1988 3 42.9 169 32.0 83 20.4 43 0.0 4.7 13,168,343 295 Totals 1,760 2,142 369 198 51 4,520 Means 35.7 103.5 41.2 126.0 14.7 21.7 5.0 11.6 3.4 3.0 includes Ralliement Creditiste for 1965 and 1968. 2 For 1972 and succeeding elections, includes ballots for candidates with no party designation, shown as "None" in the Reports of the Chief Electoral Officer. 3 ln this and succeeding tables, results for the November 21, 1988 election are based on the Preliminary Report of the Chief Electoral Officer, dated December 13, 1988. The results have been updated to include the January, 1989 second judicial recount of the nation's largest constituency, York North (Ontario). As this volume goes to press, the final Report has not been issued. The results may be considered final in terms of several factors: number of seats won by each party; seats contested, retained, gained, and lost by each party; and electoral marginality. However, the final Report might show extremely minor variations in total vote received by several candidates. 21 : The National Results Table 2-2 National Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Prog. Cons. _ _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L 1935 3 245 232 34 2 74 242 80 5 119 6 1940 245 213 24 16 15 244 140 31 24 96 4 4 3 1945 245 204 34 32 6 242 118 61 205 7 20 1949 4 262 250 36 6 30 260 112 67 180 9 3 20 1953 s 265 248 30 18 9 264 148 32 170 11 8 1957 265 257 48 64 2 265 100 71 162 16 4 3 1958 265 265 110 96 265 44 59 169 8 17 1962 265 265 115 91 264 38 9 218 8 11 1963 265 265 90 5 25 265 95 28 3 232 16 1 3 1965 265 265 83 13 12 265 115 9 249 16 5 1 1968 s 264 264 50 11 21 264 73 26 17 260 10 6 6 1972 264 264 66 40 7 264 105 48 252 18 11 2 1974 264 264 87 8 21 264 34 2 262 13 1 16 1979 7 282 282 70 34 7 282 8 32 282 9 7 1 1980 282 282 102 1 32 282 1 280 18 11 5 1984 282 282 99 106 2 282 1 282 22 8 8 1988® 295 295 124 5 38 294 20 41 5 295 9 7 4 Totals 4,520 4,397 1,202 457 392 4,508 1,188 236 378 3,713 194 113 89 1 Includes Ralliement Creditiste, 1965 and 1968 2 ln this and succeeding tables of this type, there are rare instances in which two or more candidates of the same "party" (usually Independents) compete in the same riding. In order to be consistent with the other categories which are counted on a riding basis, these are counted as one in each instance Hence, the totals in this and the succeeding column may marginally understate the absolute number of candidates. 3 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 230 seats which are comparable to the previous election. Table 2- ■3 Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year Winning Party 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 Lib 19.6 17.6 17.1 12.2 8.6 24.9 245 1940 Lib 18.4 22.4 15.5 8.2 11.4 24.1 245 1945 Lib 20.0 23.3 15.5 12.7 7.3 21.2 245 1949 Lib 22.5 16.8 13.4 10.3 9.2 27.9 262 1953 Lib 19.6 15.8 15 8 10.6 8.3 29.8 265 1957 PC 18.9 18.5 13.6 11.7 12.1 25.3 265 1958 PC 16.3 17.1 11.6 12.4 9.7 32.9 265 1962 PC 22.6 20.0 18.9 12.5 9.1 17.0 265 1963 Lib 23.0 18.5 10.6 14.7 7.9 25.3 265 1965 Lib 16.6 15.5 17.0 12.5 13.6 24.9 265 1968 Lib 19.3 24.2 15.5 9.8 8.3 22.7 264 1972 Lib 19.3 13.3 10.6 15.5 14.0 27.3 264 1974 Lib 12.5 20.1 20.1 13.6 13.3 31.4 264 1979 PC 17.4 9.9 14.5 7.1 6.7 44.3 282 1980 Lib 17.7 12.8 14.5 10.3 5.0 39.7 282 1984 PC 14.5 16.3 13.5 8.2 10.3 37.2 282 1988 PC 25.4 16.9 13.6 10.5 7.1 26.4 295 Means 18.6 17.6 14.8 11.3 9.5 28.4 4,520 22 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit 1 Others 2 Total Candi¬ dates Total Changing Seats C R G L C R G L 45 17 251 2 5 15 889 108 30 10 7 85 1 5 7 668 55 95 10 3 203 4 12 4 949 71 78 10 3 79 3 2 12 847 78 71 10 5 141 3 2 1 894 43 115 19 5 63 1 3 4 862 82 82 19 48 1 4 829 101 212 30 100 1,059 102 162 22 3 9 36 960 43 161 13 1 11 61 2 1,001 38 99 5 6 4 73 1 2 960 50 165 13 2 1 61 2 1 1,006 60 150 11 4 239 1 2 1,179 44 110 5 1 5 410 1 1,366 40 81 6 499 1,424 34 52 511 1 1 1,409 120 9 668 1 1,561 53 1,717 128 73 69 3,528 18 35 53 17,863 1,122 4 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 249 seats which are comparable to i the previous election. SFollowing a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 244 seats which are comparable to i the previous election. ^Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 191 : seats which are comparable to the previous election. i Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 231 seats which are comparable to i the previous election. SFollowing a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 196 seats which are comparable to i the previous election. 23 : The National Results Table 2-4 1935—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 1 5.9 40,236 16.9 1 5.9 50,539 21.2 30,921 13.0 British Columbia 5 31.3 71,034 24.6 6 37.5 91,729 31.8 3 18.8 97,015 33.6 Manitoba 1 5.9 75,574 26.9 14 82.4 113,887 40.5 2 11.8 54,491 19.4 New Brunswick 1 10.0 56,145 31.9 9 90.0 100,537 57.2 Nova Scotia 87,893 32.1 12 100.0 142,334 52.0 Ontario Prince Edward 25 30.5 562,513 35.3 56 68.3 680,417 42.7 127,927 8.0 Island 23,602 38.4 4 100.0 35,757 58.2 Quebec 5 7.7 322,794 28.2 55 84.6 623,579 54.4 7,326 0.6 Saskatchewan 1 4.8 65,078 18.8 16 76.2 141,121 40.8 2 9.5 73,505 21.3 Yukon 1 100.0 696 55.6 555 44.4 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 40 16.3 1,305,565 29.6 173 70.6 1,980,455 44.9 7 2.9 391,185 8.9 Rejected Total Votes Cast 11ncludes Independents and others Table 2-5 1935 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained and Lost, by Province and Party 1 y ota i Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Others Candi- Changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 14 1 4 17 1 2 15 18 15 6 9 70 15 British Columbia 16 15 4 1 3 15 4 1 1 16 2 2 18 1 1 1 66 5 Manitoba 17 16 1 10 17 4 10 14 2 6 18 2 71 12 New Brunswick 10 10 1 7 10 2 7 10 30 7 Nova Scotia 12 11 9 12 3 9 11 12 46 9 Ontario Prince Edward 82 80 21 1 33 81 23 33 50 97 308 34 Island 4 4 3 4 1 3 3 11 3 Quebec 65 62 4 20 64 35 17 3 84 4 1 213 21 Saskatchewan 21 19 1 5 21 7 4 2 21 2 20 2 3 1 84 8 Yukon 1 1 1 2 Totals 245 232 33 2 94 242 80 84 5 130 6 46 17 251 1 5 14 901 114 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 230 seats which are comparable to the previous election. 24 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 15 88.2 111,627 46.8 5,190 2.2 17 238,513 1,796 0.6 2 12.5 27,209 9.4 16 288,783 37,040 13.2 17 280,992 19,080 10.9 10 175,762 43,540 15.9 12 273,767 1 1.2 223,390 14.0 82 1,594,247 2,089 3.4 4 61,448 5 7.7 192,822 16.8 65 1,146,521 2 9.5 61,505 17.8 4,361 1.3 21 345,570 1 1,251 17 6.9 174,928 4.0 8 3.3 554,721 12.6 245 4,406,854 45,821 4,452,675 Table 2-6 1935 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 2 2 3 2 7 17 British Columbia 8 2 3 1 1 1 16 Manitoba 3 4 5 2 3 17 New Brunswick 2 1 1 1 5 10 Nova Scotia 3 2 1 2 4 12 Ontario 19 20 15 9 10 9 82 Prince Edward Island 2 1 1 4 Quebec 9 9 8 7 4 28 65 Saskatchewan 3 4 4 6 1 3 21 Yukon 1 1 Totals 48 43 42 30 21 61 245 Percent of Total 19.6 17.6 17.1 12.2 8.6 24.9 25 : The National Results Table 2-7 1940—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 35,116 13.0 7 41.2 102,060 37.9 35,082 13.0 British Columbia 4 25.0 110,619 30.5 10 62.5 135,920 37.4 1 6.3 103,181 28.4 Manitoba 1 5.9 82,240 26.0 15 88.2 151,480 47.8 1 5.9 61,448 19.4 New Brunswick 5 50.0 74,970 43.4 5 50.0 94,383 54.6 761 0.4 Nova Scotia 1 8.3 112,206 39.8 10 83.3 142,514 50.6 1 8.3 17,715 6.3 Ontario Prince Edward 25 30.5 687,816 42.7 57 69.5 818,154 50.8 61,166 3.8 Island 28,028 44.7 4 100.0 34,664 55.3 Quebec 1 1.5 231,824 19.8 61 93.8 741,945 63.3 7,610 0.6 Saskatchewan 2 9.5 52,496 14.1 12 57.1 159,530 43.0 5 23.8 106,267 28.6 Yukon 1 100.0 915 53.6 793 46.4 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 40 16.3 1,416,230 30.7 181 73.9 2,381,443 51.5 8 3.3 393,230 8.5 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others Table 2-8 1940 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party T 0ta i Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Others Candi- Changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 10 1 17 1 6 15 17 10 5 3 62 6 British Columbia 16 15 3 1 1 15 7 3 16 1 2 1 6 1 1 53 4 Manitoba 17 17 1 17 14 1 1 13 1 4 5 56 2 New Brunswick 10 10 1 4 10 5 2 1 1 22 4 Nova Scotia 12 12 1 12 10 2 6 1 1 31 2 Ontario Prince Edward 82 82 18 7 7 82 49 8 7 24 1 13 202 15 Island 4 4 4 4 8 Quebec 65 53 1 5 65 51 10 4 4 2 46 3 5 170 14 Saskatchewan 21 9 1 1 21 10 2 6 17 2 3 5 2 10 2 62 8 Yukon 1 1 1 1 2 Totals 245 213 24 16 14 244 151 32 20 96 4 4 2 30 10 7 85 1 5 6 668 55 26 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 10 58,8 93,023 34.5 4,062 1.5 17 269,343 506 0.1 1 6.3 12,918 3.6 16 363,144 5,831 1.8 15,884 5.0 17 316,883 2,679 1.6 10 172,793 9,217 3.3 12 281,652 786 0.1 41,492 2.6 82 1,609,414 4 62,692 10,781 0.9 3 4.6 179,337 15.3 65 1,171,497 12,347 3.3 2 9.5 40,494 10.9 21 371,134 1 1,708 10 4.1 123,274 2.7 6 2.4 306,083 6.6 245 4,620,260 52,271 4,672,531 Table 2-9 1940 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 5 6 4 2 17 British Columbia 5 5 3 1 1 1 16 Manitoba 4 1 2 3 3 4 17 New Brunswick 4 1 1 1 3 10 Nova Scotia 2 4 2 4 12 Ontario 16 18 21 8 9 10 82 Prince Edward Island 2 1 1 4 Quebec 3 8 2 6 7 39 65 Saskatchewan 6 9 3 1 2 21 Yukon 1 1 Totals 45 55 38 20 28 59 245 Percent of Total 18.4 22.4 15.5 8.2 11.4 24.1 27 : The National Results Table 2-10 1945—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 2 11.8 58,077 18.7 2 11.8 67,662 21.8 57,077 18.4 British Columbia 5 31.3 128,529 30.0 5 31.3 117,737 27.5 4 25.0 125,945 29.4 Manitoba 2 11.8 80,303 24.9 10 58.8 111,863 34.7 5 29.4 101,892 31.6 New Brunswick 3 30.0 77,225 38.3 7 70.0 100.939 50.0 14,999 7.4 Nova Scotia 2 16.7 114,214 36.8 9 75.0 141,911 45.7 1 8.3 51,892 16.7 Ontario Prince Edward 48 58.5 756,762 41.7 34 41.5 745,571 41.1 260,502 14.4 Island 1 25.0 30,025 47.4 3 75.0 30,696 48.4 2,685 4.2 Quebec 2 3.1 118,933 8.4 53 81.5 717,776 50.8 33,450 2.4 Saskatchewan 1 4.8 70,830 18.8 2 9.5 123,344 32.7 18 85.7 167,233 44.4 Yukon 1 100.0 849 40.0 584 27.5 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 67 27.3 1,435,747 27.4 125 51.0 2,157,499 41.1 28 11.4 816,259 15.6 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. Table 2-11 1945 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog. Cons. Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Others C andi- changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 16 2 17 2 5 17 17 10 3 13 80 5 British Columbia 16 15 2 3 2 15 5 5 16 1 3 9 21 1 1 76 7 Manitoba 17 17 1 1 17 10 5 17 1 4 8 8 67 5 New Brunswick 10 9 3 2 10 5 2 8 1 1 29 1 Nova Scotia 12 12 1 1 12 9 1 12 1 5 41 1 Ontario 82 82 25 23 82 34 23 80 8 33 285 23 Prince Edward Island 4 4 4 4 4 12 Quebec 65 29 2 1 64 47 3 13 29 43 118 2 11 2 283 16 Saskatchewan 21 19 1 1 21 2 10 21 5 13 9 4 2 74 13 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 245 204 34 32 6 242 118 5 62 205 8 20 95 10 3 204 3 12 4 950 71 28 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % 1 Number % Number % Seats Votes 13 76.5 113,821 36.6 14,136 4.5 17 310,773 9,890 2.3 2 12.5 46,340 10.8 16 428,441 10,322 3.2 18,435 5.7 17 322,815 2,300 1.1 6,423 3.2 10 201,886 2,650 0.9 12 310,667 3,906 0.1 48,226 2.7 82 1,814,967 4 63,406 63,310 4.5 10 15.4 480,700 34.0 65 1,414,169 11,449 3.0 4,030 1.1 21 376,886 687 32.4 1 2,120 13 5.3 214,998 4.1 12 4.9 621,627 11.8 245 5,246,130 59,063 5,305,193 Table 2-12 1945 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 3 4 4 2 3 17 British Columbia 4 8 1 1 2 16 Manitoba 3 7 3 1 1 2 17 New Brunswick 2 2 2 1 3 10 Nova Scotia 4 1 3 2 1 1 12 Ontario 18 24 11 9 7 13 82 Prince Edward Island 4 4 Quebec 8 7 9 9 5 27 65 Saskatchewan 5 5 4 5 1 1 21 Yukon 1 1 Totals 49 57 38 31 18 52 245 Percent of Total 20.0 23.3 15.5 12.7 7.3 21.2 29 : The National Results Table 2-13 1949—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 2 11.8 56,947 16.8 5 29.4 116,647 34.5 31,329 9.3 British Columbia 3 16.7 128,620 27.9 11 61.1 169,018 36.7 3 16.7 145,442 31.5 Manitoba 1 6.3 70.689 22.0 12 75.0 153,857 47.9 3 18.8 83,176 25.9 New Brunswick 2 20.0 88,049 39.4 8 80.0 120,369 53.8 9,450 4.2 Newfoundland 2 28.6 29,203 27.9 5 71.4 75,235 71.9 197 0.2 Nova Scotia 2 15.4 126,365 37.5 10 76.9 177,680 52.7 1 7.7 33,333 9.9 Ontario Prince Edward 25 30.1 757,210 37.4 56 67.5 924,231 45.7 1 1.2 306,551 15.2 Island 1 25.0 32,989 48.4 3 75.0 33,480 49.2 1,626 2.4 Quebec 2 2.7 392,530 24.6 68 93.2 961,974 60.4 17,767 1.1 Saskatchewan 1 5.0 53,624 14.4 14 70.0 161,887 43.4 5 25.0 152,399 40.9 Yukon 1 100.0 3,284 49.0 1,140 17.0 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 41 15.6 1,736,226 29.7 193 73.7 2,897,662 49.5 13 5.0 782,410 13.4 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others Table 2-14 1949 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 1 Total Prog- Cons. Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Others Candj . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 14 2 17 2 3 13 17 10 3 4 65 3 British Columbia 18 15 2 2 16 4 6 18 2 1 4 2 5 1 1 56 7 Manitoba 16 15 1 1 16 7 5 1 14 2 1 4 5 50 6 New Brunswick 10 10 2 1 10 7 1 6 3 29 1 Newfoundland 7 7 2 7 5 1 15 7 Nova Scotia 13 13 2 1 13 8 1 9 35 1 Ontario Prince Edward 83 83 26 22 83 32 21 1 76 1 5 19 1 266 '23 Island 4 4 1 4 3 2 2 10 Quebec 73 69 2 2 73 48 12 2 20 50 41 1 1 11 253 15 Saskatchewan 20 20 1 20 2 12 20 5 12 4 2 66 12 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Totals 262 250 37 4 30 260 113 67 6 180 9 3 20 78 10 3 80 2 2 12 848 76 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 249 seats which are comparable to the previous election 30 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 10 58.8 126,409 37.4 6,799 2.0 17 338,131 2,109 0.5 1 5.6 15,879 3.4 18 461,068 13,189 4.1 16 320,911 5,789 2.6 10 223,657 7 104,635 13 337,378 3,225 0.1 1 1.2 30,957 1.5 83 2,022,174 4 68,095 80,990 5.1 3 4.1 140,039 8.8 73 1,593,300 3,474 0.9 1,531 0.4 20 372,915 2,283 34.0 1 6,707 10 3.8 216,207 3.7 5 1.9 216,466 3.7 262 5,848,971 54,601 5,903,572 Table 2-15 1949 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 4 1 2 5 4 1 17 British Columbia 2 5 3 4 1 3 18 Manitoba 5 1 2 3 5 16 New Brunswick 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 Newfoundland 1 1 5 7 Nova Scotia 3 5 2 3 13 Ontario 24 18 20 3 6 12 83 Prince Edward Island 3 1 4 Quebec 11 3 4 10 4 41 73 Saskatchewan 3 10 3 1 2 1 20 Yukon 1 1 Totals 59 44 35 27 24 73 262 Percent of Total 22.5 16.8 13.4 10.3 9.2 27.9 31 : The National Results Table 2-16 1953—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 2 11.8 49,450 14.5 4 23.5 118,941 35.0 23,573 6.9 British Columbia 3 13.6 66,426 14.1 8 36.4 145,570 30.9 7 31.8 125,487 26.6 Manitoba 3 21.4 73,644 27.0 8 57.1 109,775 40.2 3 21.4 64,402 23.6 New Brunswick 3 30.0 93,450 41.9 7 70.0 117,619 52.7 6,769 3.0 Newfoundland Northwest 31,060 28.1 7 100.0 74,357 67.2 707 0.6 Territories 1.344 38.5 1 100.0 1,722 49.4 Nova Scotia 1 8.3 133.498 40.1 10 83.3 176.554 53.0 1 8.3 22,357 6.7 Ontario Prince Edward 33 38.8 772,691 40.3 51 60.0 898.476 46.9 1 1.2 212,224 11.1 Island 1 25.0 31,836 48.0 3 75.0 33.874 51.1 552 0.8 Quebec 4 5.3 454.052 29.4 66 88.0 944,071 61.0 23,833 1.5 Saskatchewan 1 5.9 41.538 11.7 5 29.4 133,493 37.7 11 64.7 156,406 44.2 Yukon 590 15.7 1 100.0 2,176 57.8 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 51 19.2 1,749.579 31.0 171 64.5 2,756,628 48.9 23 8.7 636,310 11.2 Rejected Total Votes Cast ’Includes Independents and Others. Table 2-17 1953 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 1 Total Prog- Cons. Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Others Candi . Chan gj ng Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 12 2 17 3 2 13 17 9 2 12 71 2 British Columbia 22 16 3 22 8 3 22 3 1 22 3 18 1 100 4 Manitoba 14 14 2 1 14 8 2 10 2 1 8 10 56 2 New Brunswick 10 10 3 2 10 5 2 7 1 1 29 2 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 2 7 5 2 1 1 16 2 Territories 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Nova Scotia 12 12 1 2 12 8 2 5 1 30 2 Ontario Prince Edward 85 85 19 11 2 84 44 2 11 65 1 9 35 278 13 Island 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 9 2 Quebec 75 71 1 3 1 75 59 1 5 29 53 3 2 228 6 Saskatchewan 17 15 1 17 5 7 17 5 6 14 9 72 7 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 265 248 31 18 9 264 148 10 32 170 11 7 1 72 9 5 141 3 2 1 895 43 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 244 seats which are comparable to the previous election. 32 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other' Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 11 64.7 138,847 40.8 9,430 2.8 17 340,241 4 18.2 123,278 26.1 10,762 2.3 22 471,523 17,260 6.3 7,696 2.8 14 272,777 931 0.1 4,317 1.9 10 223,086 4,459 4.0 7 110,583 421 12.1 1 3,487 794 0.2 12 333,203 5,427 0.1 26,602 1.4 85 1,915,420 4 66,262 5 6.7 124,817 8.1 75 1,546,773 18,810 5.3 3,906 1.1 17 354,153 998 26.5 1 3,764 15 5.7 305,551 5.4 5 1.9 193,204 3.4 265 5,641,272 60,691 5,701,963 Table 2-18 1953 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 4 4 3 1 4 1 17 British Columbia 6 3 4 1 4 4 22 Manitoba 2 1 4 2 2 3 14 New Brunswick 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 Newfoundland 2 5 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 1 3 1 2 2 12 Ontario 19 17 17 12 3 17 85 Prince Edward Island 3 1 4 Quebec 7 8 5 8 5 42 75 Saskatchewan 6 3 3 2 1 2 17 Yukon 1 1 Totals 52 42 42 28 22 79 265 Percent of Total 19.6 15.8 15.8 10.6 8.3 29.8 33 : The National Results Table 2-19 1957—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 3 17.6 118,225 27.6 1 5.9 119,190 27.9 27,127 6.3 British Columbia 7 31.8 192,988 32.6 2 9.1 121,301 20.5 7 31.8 131,873 22.3 Manitoba 8 57.1 124,867 35.9 1 7.1 90,880 26.1 5 35.7 82,398 23.7 New Brunswick 5 50.0 114,060 48.7 5 50.0 112,518 48.1 2,001 0.9 Newfoundland Northwest 2 28.6 34,795 37.8 5 71.4 56,993 61.9 321 0.3 Territories 1,253 31.8 1 100.0 2,686 68.2 Nova Scotia 10 83.3 197,676 50.4 2 16.7 176,891 45.1 17,117 4.4 Ontario Prince Edward 61 71.8 1,104,024 48.8 21 24.7 839,894 37.1 3 3.5 274,069 12.1 Island 4 100.0 34,965 52.3 31,162 46.6 680 1.0 Quebec 9 12.0 557,356 31.1 62 82.7 1,030,354 57.6 31,780 1.8 Saskatchewan 3 17.6 90,359 23.2 4 23.5 118,282 30.3 10 58.8 140,293 36.0 Yukon 2,358 49.3 1 100.0 2,422 50.7 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 112 42.3 2.572,926 38.9 105 39.6 2,702,573 40.9 25 9.4 707,659 10.7 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents and others Table 2-20 1957 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Pr °9-Cons. L 'beral _ CCF Social Credit Others Candi . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 17 2 1 17 1 3 15 17 11 2 3 69 3 British Columbia 22 22 3 4 22 2 6 22 6 1 1 21 4 2 4 91 7 Manitoba 14 14 3 5 14 1 6 14 3 2 14 4 60 7 New Brunswick 10 10 3 2 10 5 2 2 2 1 25 2 Newfoundland Northwest 7 6 2 7 5 2 1 14 2 Territories 1 1 1 1 2 Nova Scotia 12 12 1 9 12 2 8 6 1 1 31 9 Ontario Prince Edward 85 85 32 29 85 21 31 60 3 1 40 6 276 32 Island 4 4 4 4 4 3 11 4 Quebec 75 69 2 7 2 75 57 5 9 22 4 43 1 3 4 213 15 Saskatchewan 17 16 1 2 17 4 1 17 10 1 16 2 68 2 Yukon 1 1 1 1 2 Totals 265 257 47 65 2 265 100 5 72 162 19 6 4 115 15 4 63 1 3 4 862 83 34 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % 1 Slumber ■ % Number % Seats Votes 13 76.5 161,697 37.8 1,413 0.3 17 427,652 6 27.3 143,145 24.2 2,232 0.4 22 591,539 45,803 13.2 4,162 1.2 14 348,110 2,420 1.0 3,159 1.3 10 234,158 7 92,109 1 3,939 473 0.1 12 392,157 38,418 1.7 8,166 0.4 85 2,264,571 4 66,807 3,877 0.2 4 5.3 166,693 9.3 75 1,790,060 40,830 10.5 334 0.1 17 390,098 1 4,780 19 7.2 436,663 6.6 4 1.5 186,159 2.8 265 6,605,980 74,710 6,680,690 Table 2-21 1957 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 3 2 3 3 5 1 17 British Columbia 5 1 6 4 4 2 22 Manitoba 1 3 3 2 2 3 14 New Brunswick 1 4 1 3 1 10 Newfoundland 1 1 5 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 5 4 3 12 Ontario 8 18 10 10 15 24 85 Prince Edward Island 3 1 4 Quebec 17 8 8 7 5 30 75 Saskatchewan 7 7 1 1 1 17 Yukon 1 1 Totals 50 49 36 31 32 67 265 Percent of Total 18.9 18.5 13.6 11.7 12.1 25.3 35 : The National Results Table 2-22 1958—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 17 100.0 269,689 59.9 61,583 13.7 19,666 4.4 British Columbia 18 81.8 308,971 49.4 100,889 16.1 4 18.2 153,405 24.5 Manitoba 14 100.0 216,948 56.7 82,450 21.6 74,906 19.6 New Brunswick 7 70.0 133,935 54.1 3 30.0 107,297 43.4 4,541 1.8 Newfoundland Northwest 2 28.6 72,282 45.2 5 71.4 86,960 54.4 240 0.2 Territories 2,080 42.8 1 100.0 2,782 57.2 Nova Scotia 12 100.0 237,422 57.0 160,026 38.4 18,911 4.5 Ontario Prince Edward 67 78.8 1,413,730 56.4 15 17.6 815,524 32.6 3 3.5 262,120 10.5 Island 4 100.0 42,911 62.2 25,847 37.5 215 0.3 Quebec 50 66.7 1,003,276 49.6 25 33.3 924,090 45.7 45,594 2.3 Saskatchewan 16 94.1 204,442 51.4 78,121 19.6 1 5.9 112,800 28.4 Yukon 1 100.0 2,947 54.5 2,340 43.3 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 208 78.5 3,908,633 53.6 49 18.5 2,447,909 33.6 8 3.0 692,398 9.5 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. Table 2-23 1958 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Others Candj . Chan g ln g Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 17 3 14 17 1 15 17 13 4 70 14 British Columbia 22 22 7 11 22 2 22 4 3 22 6 5 93 11 Manitoba 14 14 8 6 14 1 14 5 6 1 49 6 New Brunswick 10 10 5 2 10 3 2 3 3 26 2 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 2 7 5 1 1 16 • Territories 1 1 1 1 1 2 Nova Scotia 12 12 10 2 12 2 4 28 4 Ontario Prince Edward 85 85 61 6 85 15 6 63 3 18 10 261 6 Island 4 4 4 1 9 Quebec 75 75 9 41 75 22 3 40 29 15 25 2 219 44 Saskatchewan 17 17 3 13 17 4 17 1 9 1 3 55 13 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 2 Totals 265 265 108 97 265 45 3 60 169 8 17 82 19 49 2 830 101 36 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 97,141 21.6 1,810 0.4 17 449,889 59,762 9.6 2,515 0.4 22 625,542 6,753 1.8 1,503 0.4 14 382,560 1,711 0.7 10 247,484 263 0.2 7 159,745 1 4,862 12 416,359 8,386 0.3 4,753 0.2 85 2,504,513 4 68,973 12,858 0.6 38,431 1.9 75 2,024,249 1,745 0.4 604 0.2 17 397,712 122 2.3 1 5,409 188,356 2.6 50,001 0.7 265 7,287,297 69,842 7,357,139 Table 2-24 1958 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 1 2 13 17 British Columbia 3 5 1 4 1 8 22 Manitoba 2 3 2 7 14 New Brunswick 3 2 2 1 1 1 10 Newfoundland 1 1 2 3 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 1 2 3 2 4 12 Ontario 11 7 5 6 5 51 85 Prince Edward Island 1 1 2 4 Quebec 22 23 11 12 7 75 Saskatchewan 3 2 3 2 7 17 Yukon 1 1 Totals 42 44 30 32 25 92 265 Percent of Total 16.3 17.1 11.6 12.4 9.7 32.9 37 : The National Results Table 2-25 1962—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 15 88.2 214,699 42.8 97,322 19.4 42,305 8.4 British Columbia 6 27.3 187,389 27.3 4 18.2 187.438 27.3 10 45.5 212,035 30.9 Manitoba 11 78.6 161,824 41.6 1 7.1 121,041 31.1 2 14.3 76,514 19.7 New Brunswick 4 40.0 115,973 46.5 6 60.0 110,850 44.4 13,220 5.3 Newfoundland Northwest 1 14.3 55,396 36.0 6 85.7 90,896 59.0 7,590 4.9 Territories 3,519 42.4 1 100.0 3,842 46.2 Nova Scotia 9 75.0 198,902 47.3 2 16.7 178,520 42.4 1 8.3 39,689 9.4 Ontario Prince Edward 35 41.2 1,056,095 39.3 44 51.8 1,122,222 41.8 6 7.1 456,459 17.0 Island 4 100.0 37,388 51.3 31,603 43.3 3,802 5.2 Quebec 14 18.7 617,762 29.6 35 46.7 818,760 39.2 91,795 4.4 Saskatchewan 16 94.1 213,385 50.4 94,090 22.2 1 5.9 96,030 22.7 Yukon 1 100.0 3,250 55.0 2,664 45.0 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 116 43.8 2,865,582 37.3 99 37.4 2,859,248 37.2 20 7.5 1,039,439 13.5 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents and others. Table 2-26 1962 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Pr0 9- Cons L| beral NPP Social Credit Others Candj . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 17 15 2 17 17 17 2 3 71 2 British Columbia 22 22 6 12 21 4 22 4 6 4 2 4 73 12 Manitoba 14 14 11 3 14 1 14 2 13 3 58 3 New Brunswick 10 10 4 3 10 3 3 7 8 1 36 3 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 1 1 7 5 1 4 1 19 1 Territories 1 1 1 1 1 3 Nova Scotia 12 12 9 3 12 2 12 1 7 43 3 Ontario Prince Edward 85 85 34 33 85 15 30 81 3 3 70 7 328 33 Island 4 4 4 4 1 13 Quebec 75 75 14 36 75 16 19 9 40 75 26 81 346 45 Saskatchewan 17 17 16 17 17 1 15 1 67 Yukon 1 1 1 1 2 Totals 265 265 111 93 264 40 60 9 218 8 12 212 30 100 1,059 102 38 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2 11.8 146,662 29.2 997 0.2 17 501,985 2 9.1 97,396 14.2 1,931 0.3 22 686,189 26,662 6.8 3,297 0.8 14 389,338 9,016 3.6 441 0.2 10 249,500 158 0.1 7 154,040 948 11.4 1 8,309 3,764 0.9 12 420,875 49,734 1.9 3,135 0.1 85 2,687,645 153 0.2 4 72,946 26 34.7 542,433 26.0 19,173 0.9 75 2,089,923 19,648 4.6 317 0.1 17 423,470 1 5,914 30 11.3 896,574 11.7 29,291 0.4 265 7,690,134 82,522 7,772,656 Table 2-27 1962 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 2 4 3 5 2 1 17 British Columbia 7 5 2 1 1 6 22 Manitoba 1 4 5 3 1 14 New Brunswick 2 3 3 1 1 10 Newfoundland 1 1 1 4 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 5 6 1 12 Ontario 25 16 17 10 5 12 85 Prince Edward Island 2 2 4 Quebec 13 14 13 13 10 12 75 Saskatchewan 1 4 1 2 9 17 Yukon 1 1 Totals 60 53 50 33 24 45 265 Percent of Total 22.6 20.0 18.9 12.5 9.1 17.0 39 : The National Results Table 2-28 1963—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 14 82.4 249,067 45.3 1 5.9 121,473 22.1 35,775 6.5 British Columbia 4 18.2 172,501 23.4 7 31.8 237,896 32.3 9 40.9 222,883 30.3 Manitoba 10 71.4 169,013 42.3 2 14.3 134,905 33.8 2 14.3 66,652 16.7 New Brunswick 4 40.0 98,462 40.4 6 60.0 115,036 47.3 8,899 3.7 Newfoundland Northwest 45,491 30.1 7 100.0 97,576 64.5 6,364 4.2 Territories 1 100.0 4.814 56.8 3,659 43.2 Nova Scotia 5 41.7 195,711 46.9 7 58.3 195,007 46.7 26,617 6.4 Ontario Prince Edward 27 31.8 979,359 35.3 52 61.2 1,286.791 46.3 6 7.1 442,340 15.9 Island 4 100.0 35,965 52.0 32,073 46.4 1,140 1.6 Quebec 8 10.7 413,562 19.5 47 62.7 966,172 45.6 151,061 7.1 Saskatchewan 17 100.0 224,700 53.7 100,747 24.1 76,126 18.2 Yukon 1 100.0 2,969 49.6 2,455 41.0 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 95 35.8 2,591,614 32.8 129 48.7 3,293.790 41.7 17 6.4 1,037,857 13.1 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents and others Table 2-29 1963 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal _ NPP Social Credit Others Candi . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 17 14 1 17 1 17 17 2 4 72 1 British Columbia 22 22 4 2 22 4 3 22 9 1 22 2 5 93 3 Manitoba 14 14 10 1 14 1 1 13 2 13 1 55 1 New Brunswick 10 10 4 10 6 7 10 37 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 1 7 6 1 3 1 18 1 Territories 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Nova Scotia 12 12 6 1 3 12 2 3 9 1 2 35 4 Ontario Prince Edward 85 85 25 2 9 85 43 9 2 80 5 1 1 67 13 330 12 Island 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 12 2 Quebec 75 75 8 6 75 33 14 2 60 75 17 3 9 10 295 17 Saskatchewan 17 17 16 1 17 17 1 16 3 70 1 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 265 265 90 5 25 265 95 34 5 232 16 1 4 223 21 3 9 37 1,022 43 40 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2 11.8 141,956 25.8 1,255 0.2 17 549,526 2 9.1 97,846 13.3 4,846 0.7 22 735,972 28,157 7.0 826 0.2 14 399,553 21,050 8.6 10 243,447 1,943 1.3 7 151,374 1 8,473 401 0.1 12 417,736 56,276 2.0 11,896 0.4 85 2,776,662 4 69,178 20 26.7 578,347 27.3 8,903 0.4 75 2,118,045 16,110 3.9 443 0.1 17 418,126 560 9.4 1 5,984 24 9.1 940,703 11.9 30,112 0.4 265 7,894,076 64,560 7,958,636 Table 2-30 1963 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 3 4 1 3 1 5 17 British Columbia 7 4 4 3 1 3 22 Manitoba 3 1 2 3 4 1 14 New Brunswick 1 2 2 1 2 2 10 Newfoundland 1 1 5 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 4 8 12 Ontario 24 14 8 16 8 15 85 Prince Edward Island 2 2 4 Quebec 16 14 7 10 4 24 75 Saskatchewan 1 3 1 12 17 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 61 49 28 39 21 67 265 Percent of Total 23.1 18.6 10.6 14.8 8.0 25.4 41 : The National Results Table 2-31 1965—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 15 88.2 247,734 46.6 119,014 22.4 43,818 8.2 British Columbia 3 13.6 139,226 19.2 7 31.8 217,726 30.0 9 40.9 239,132 32.9 Manitoba 10 71.4 154,253 40.7 1 7.1 117,442 31.0 3 21.4 91,193 24.0 New Brunswick 4 40.0 102,714 42.5 6 60.0 114,781 47.5 22,759 9.4 Newfoundland Northwest 47,638 32.4 7 100.0 94,291 64.1 1,742 1.2 Territories 3,615 39.1 1 100.0 5,194 56.2 431 4.7 Nova Scotia 10 83.3 203,123 48.6 2 16.7 175,415 42.0 38,043 9.1 Ontario Prince Edward 25 29.4 933,753 34.0 51 60.0 1,196,308 43.6 9 10.6 594,112 21.7 Island 4 100.0 38,566 53.9 31,532 44.1 1,463 2.0 Quebec 8 10.7 432,901 21.2 57 76.0 928.530 45.6 244,339 12.0 Saskatchewan 17 100.0 193,254 48.0 96,740 24.0 104,626 26.0 Yukon 1 100.0 3,136 55.2 2,546 44.8 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 97 36.6 2,499,913 32.4 132 49.8 3,099,519 40.2 21 7.9 1,381,658 17.9 Rejected Total Votes Cast 'Includes Independents and others Table 2-32 1965 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Others Candl . Chan g in g Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 17 17 14 1 17 1 17 17 2 3 71 1 British Columbia 22 22 3 1 22 7 22 9 22 2 1 8 96 1 Manitoba 14 14 9 1 1 14 1 1 14 2 1 11 1 54 2 New Brunswick 10 10 4 10 6 10 1 1 32 Newfoundland 7 7 7 7 3 4 1 22 Northwest Territories 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Nova Scotia 12 12 7 3 12 2 3 12 2 38 3 Ontario 85 85 22 2 5 85 47 5 5 84 5 4 1 19 17 290 11 Prince Edward Island 4 4 2 2 4 2 8 2 Quebec 75 75 4 4 4 75 45 11 2 71 75 9 11 27 2 323 17 Saskatchewan 17 17 17 17 17 12 1 64 Yukon 1 1 1 1 2 Totals 265 265 83 13 12 265 115 17 14 251 16 5 1 161 13 1 11 61 2 1,003 38 42 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Soc. Credit/Ral. Cred. Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number • % Number % Seats Votes 2 11.8 119,586 22.5 1,275 0.2 17 531,427 3 13.6 126,532 17.4 3,368 0.5 22 725,984 16,315 4.3 237 0.1 14 379,440 1,433 0.6 10 241,687 2,352 1.6 1,022 0.7 7 147,045 1 9,240 1,249 0.3 12 417,830 10,995 0.4 8,615 0.3 85 2,743,783 4 71,561 9 12.0 357,153 17.5 1 1.3 74,389 3.7 75 2,037,312 7,526 1.9 179 0.1 17 402,325 1 5,682 14 5.3 641,892 8.3 1 0.4 90,334 1.2 265 7,713,316 83,412 7,796,728 Table 2-33 1965 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 - 4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 3 2 1 4 6 17 British Columbia 4 3 6 2 5 2 22 Manitoba 1 3 1 2 5 2 14 New Brunswick 1 1 2 4 2 10 Newfoundland 1 1 5 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 4 3 4 1 12 Ontario 20 15 13 11 12 14 85 Prince Edward Island 2 2 4 Quebec 10 11 11 6 8 29 75 Saskatchewan 1 1 3 4 2 6 17 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 44 41 46 32 36 66 265 Percent of Total 16.6 15.5 17.4 12.1 13.6 24.9 43 : The National Results Table 2-34 1968—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 15 78.9 283,987 50.4 4 21.1 201,045 35.7 7 30.4 52,720 9.4 British Columbia 155,101 19.4 16 69.6 333.949 41.8 260,989 32.7 Manitoba 5 50.0 125,713 31.4 5 50.0 166,025 41.5 6 37.5 99,974 25.0 New Brunswick 5 31.3 125,269 49.7 5 31.3 111,843 44.4 12,277 4.9 Newfoundland Northwest 6 85.7 84,483 52.7 1 14.3 68,549 42.8 7,042 4.4 Territories 2,211 23.4 1 100.0 6,018 63.8 1,203 12.8 Nova Scotia 10 90.9 186,026 55.Z 1 9.1 127,962 38.0 22,676 6.7 Ontario Prince Edward 17 20.7 942,979 32.0 64 78.0 1,372,903 46.6 3 42.9 607,011 20.6 Island 4 57.1 26,276 51.8 22,854 45.0 1,636 3.2 Quebec 4 5.4 466.492 21.4 56 75.7 1,170,417 53.6 6 46.2 164,466 7.5 Saskatchewan 5 38.5 153,233 37.0 2 15.4 112,332 27.1 147,941 35.7 Yukon 1 100.0 3,110 48.0 3,048 47.0 325 5.0 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 72 27.3 2,554.880 31.4 155 58.7 3,696,945 45.5 22 8.3 1,378,260 17.0 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others Table 2-35 1968 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 1 Total Prog. Cons. Liberal _ NPP Social Credit Others Candj . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 19 19 9 1 2 19 3 19 3 2 6 66 4 British Columbia 23 23 3 23 6 6 23 5 3 19 9 97 6 Manitoba 13 13 5 5 13 1 4 13 2 1 4 5 48 5 New Brunswick 10 10 2 1 10 3 1 10 3 33 1 Newfoundland 7 7 6 7 1 6 7 1 22 6 Northwest * Territories 1 1 1 1 1 3 Nova Scotia 11 11 10 11 1 11 4 1 38 Ontario Prince Edward 88 88 10 2 3 oo 00 31 6 3 88 3 3 3 20 1 287 9 Island 4 4 4 4 4 12 Quebec 74 74 3 1 1 74 31 5 7 70 70 5 6 2 28 2 316 12 Saskatchewan 13 13 6 7 13 2 13 5 2 41 7 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 264 264 50 11 21 264 75 26 17 260 10 6 6 104 5 6 4 74 1 2 966 50 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 191 seats which are comparable to the previous election. 44 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Ral. Cred. Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % 1 dumber • % Number % Seats Votes 26,083 4.6 19 563,835 48,703 6.1 23 798,742 949 0.2 7,732 1.9 10 400,393 1,769 0.7 821 0.3 16 251,979 126 0.1 7 160,200 1 9,432 293 0.1 11 336,957 1 1.2 25,599 0.9 82 2,948,492 7 50,766 14 18.9 358,327 16.4 24,590 1.1 74 2,184,292 919 0.2 13 414,425 1 6,483 14 5.3 361,045 4.4 1 0.4 134,866 1.7 264 8,125,996 91,920 8,217,916 Table 2-36 1968 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 4 5 2 1 7 19 British Columbia 6 4 6 3 1 3 23 Manitoba 2 3 3 3 2 13 New Brunswick 1 1 4 2 2 10 Newfoundland 2 1 2 1 1 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 1 1 3 2 2 2 11 Ontario 18 26 12 11 10 11 88 Prince Edward Island 2 1 1 4 Quebec 9 16 9 3 5 32 74 Saskatchewan 5 6 1 1 13 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 51 64 41 26 22 60 264 Percent of Total 19.3 24.2 15.5 9.8 8.3 22.7 45 : The National Results Table 2-37 1972—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 19 100.0 409,857 57.6 177,599 25.0 89,811 12.6 British Columbia 8 34.8 313,253 33.0 4 17.4 274,468 28.9 11 47.8 332,345 35.0 Manitoba 8 61.5 184,363 41.6 2 15.4 136,906 30.9 3 23.1 116,474 26.3 New Brunswick 5 50.0 131,455 44.9 5 50.0 125,935 43.1 16,703 5.7 Newfoundland Northwest 4 57.1 85,857 49.0 3 42.9 78.505 44.8 8,165 4.7 Territories 4,339 30.9 4,121 29.3 1 100.0 5,597 39.8 Nova Scotia 10 90.9 204,460 53.4 1 9.1 129,738 33.9 47,072 12.3 Ontario Prince Edward 40 45.5 1,399,148 39.1 36 40.9 1,366,922 38.2 11 12.5 768,076 21.5 Island 3 75.0 29,419 51.9 1 25.0 22,950 40.5 4,229 7.5 Quebec 2 2.7 457,418 17.4 56 75.7 1,289,139 49.1 168,910 6.4 Saskatchewan 7 53.8 159,629 36.9 1 7.7 109,342 25.3 5 38.5 155,195 35.9 Yukon 1 100.0 4,332 53.0 2,633 32.2 951 11.6 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 107 40.5 3,383,530 35.0 109 41.3 3,718,258 38.5 31 11.7 1,713,528 17.7 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 2-38 1972 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog. Cons. Liberal _ NPP Social Credit Others Candl . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 19 19 15 4 19 4 19 19 2 78 4 British Columbia 23 23 8 23 4 12 23 7 4 19 6 94 12 Manitoba 13 13 5 3 13 2 3 13 3 4 2 45 3 New Brunswick 10 10 5 10 5 10 8 1 39 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 4 2 7 1 2 7 2 1 24 2 Territories 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 Nova Scotia 11 11 10 11 1 11 4 37 Ontario Prince Edward 88 88 17 23 88 36 28 88 6 5 25 13 1 302 28 Island 4 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 13 1 Quebec 74 74 2 2 74 55 1 1 62 70 13 2 1 34 1 314 4 Saskatchewan 13 13 3 4 2 13 1 1 13 2 3 4 13 2 54 5 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 264 264 65 42 7 264 105 4 50 252 18 13 4 165 13 2 1 61 1 1 1,006 60 46 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % 1 dumber • % Number % Seats Votes 31,689 4.5 1,996 0.3 19 710,952 25,107 2.6 3,116 0.3 23 948,289 3,228 0.7 2,183 0.5 13 443,154 16,450 5.6 1,948 0.7 10 292,491 266 0.2 2,253 1.3 7 175,046 1 14,057 1,316 0.3 501 0.1 11 383,087 12,937 0.4 1 1.1 30,969 0.9 88 3,578,052 55 0.1 4 56,653 15 20.3 639,207 24.4 1 1.4 70,362 2.7 74 2,625,036 7,717 1.8 621 0.1 13 432,504 252 3.1 1 8,168 15 5.7 737,972 7.6 2 0.8 114,201 1.2 264 9,667,489 307,172 9,974,661 Table 2-39 1972 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 2 3 13 19 British Columbia 5 3 5 4 4 2 23 Manitoba 2 1 2 3 1 4 13 New Brunswick 1 2 3 1 3 10 Newfoundland 1 1 2 3 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 3 1 3 4 11 Ontario 27 15 13 16 9 8 88 Prince Edward Island 1 1 2 4 Quebec 10 7 4 7 13 33 74 Saskatchewan 5 4 2 2 13 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 51 35 28 41 37 72 264 Percent of Total 19.3 13.3 10.6 15.5 14.0 27.3 47 : The National Results Table 2-40 1974—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 19 100.0 417,422 61.2 168,973 24.8 63,310 9.3 British Columbia 13 56.5 423,954 41.9 8 34.8 336,435 33.3 2 8.7 232,547 23.0 Manitoba 9 69.2 212,990 47.7 2 15.4 122,470 27.4 2 15.4 104,829 23.5 New Brunswick 3 30.0 94,934 33.0 6 60.0 135,723 47.2 24,869 8.7 Newfoundland Northwest 3 42.9 75,816 43.6 4 57.1 81,299 46.7 16,445 9.5 Territories 4,271 33.2 3,173 24.7 1 100.0 5,410 42.1 Nova Scotia 8 72.7 183,897 47.5 2 18.2 157,582 40.7 1 9.1 43,470 11.2 Ontario Prince Edward 25 28.4 1,252,082 35.1 55 62.5 1,609,786 45.1 8 9.1 680,113 19.1 Island 3 75.0 28,578 49.1 1 25.0 26,932 46.2 2,666 4.6 Quebec 3 4.1 520,632 21.2 60 81.1 1,330,337 54.1 162,080 6.6 Saskatchewan 8 61.5 150,846 36.4 3 23.1 127,282 30.7 2 15.4 130,391 31.5 Yukon 1 100.0 3,913 47.1 2,784 33.5 1,618 19.5 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 95 36.0 3,369,335 35.4 141 53.4 4,102,776 43.2 16 6.1 1,467,748 15.4 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 2-41 1974 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal _ NPP Social Credit Others Candi . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 19 19 19 19 19 17 16 90 British Columbia 23 23 8 23 2 6 2 23 2 9 10 29 108 11 Manitoba 13 13 8 1 13 2 13 2 1 10 9 58 1 New Brunswick 10 10 3 2 10 5 1 10 5 3 1 38 2 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 1 1 23 . 1 Territory 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Nova Scotia 11 11 8 2 11 1 1 11 1 8 4 45 2 Ontario Prince Edward 88 88 25 15 88 36 19 88 8 3 19 96 1 379 19 Island 4 4 3 4 1 4 12 Quebec 74 74 2 1 74 56 4 72 68 11 4 76 1 364 5 Saskatchewan 13 13 6 2 13 1 2 13 2 3 12 5 56 4 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 264 264 86 4 20 264 107 34 3 262 15 1 16 150 11 4 239 1 2 1,179 45 48 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 22,909 3.4 9,955 1.5 19 682,569 12,433 1.2 5,512 0.5 23 1,010,881 4,750 1.1 1,692 0.4 13 446,731 8,407 2.9 1 10.0 23,417 8.1 10 287,350 143 0.1 242 0.1 7 173,945 1 12,854 1,457 0.4 458 0.1 11 386,864 6,575 0.2 16,981 0.5 88 3,565,537 77 0.1 4 58,253 11 14.9 420,018 17.1 25,608 1.0 74 2,458,675 4,539 1.1 876 0.2 13 413,934 1 8,315 11 4.2 481,231 5.1 1 0.4 84,818 0.9 264 9,505,908 165,094 9,671,002 Table 2-42 1974 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 2 4 13 19 British Columbia 7 7 3 1 3 2 23 Manitoba 2 3 1 1 1 5 13 New Brunswick 2 3 1 4 10 Newfoundland 1 4 2 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 Nova Scotia 1 3 3 4 11 Ontario 11 25 16 8 14 14 88 Prince Edward Island 2 2 4 Quebec 5 8 5 6 8 42 74 Saskatchewan 6 2 2 1 1 1 13 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 33 53 36 24 35 83 264 Percent of Total 12.5 20.1 13.6 9.1 13.3 31.4 49 : The National Results Table 2-43 1979—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 21 100.0 559,588 65.6 188,295 22.1 84,236 9.9 British Columbia 2 19 67.9 530,380 44.3 1 3.6 274,946 23.0 8 28.6 381,678 31.9 Manitoba 7 50.0 222,787 43.4 2 14.3 120,493 23.5 5 35.7 167,850 32.7 New Brunswick 4 40.0 134,998 40.0 6 60.0 150,634 44.6 51,642 15.3 Newfoundland Northwest 2 28.6 59,893 29.7 4 57.1 81,861 40.6 1 14.3 59,978 29.7 Territories 1 50.0 5,410 32.3 5,714 34.1 1 50.0 5,348 31.9 Nova Scotia 8 72.7 193,099 45.4 2 18.2 151,078 35.5 1 9.1 79,603 18.7 Ontario Prince Edward 57 60.0 1,732,717 41.8 32 33.7 1,509,926 36.4 6 6.3 873,182 21.1 Island 4 100.0 34,147 52.8 26,231 40.6 4,181 6.5 Quebec 2 2.7 432,199 13.5 67 89.3 1,975,526 61.7 163,492 5.1 Saskatchewan 10 71.4 201,803 41.2 106,550 21.8 4 28.6 175,011 35.8 Yukon 1 100.0 4,538 44.6 3,065 30.1 2,578 25.3 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 136 48.2 4,111,559 35.9 114 40.4 4,594,319 40.1 26 9.2 2,048,779 17.9 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others 2Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows a total of 298 more votes for the Progressive Conservatives However, the total vote is in agreement with that reported Table 2-44 1979 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 1 Tota i Prog- Cons. Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Others Candj . changing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 21 21 16 21 21 9 23 95 British Columbia 28 28 10 2 28 1 5 28 1 3 4 31 119 5 Manitoba 14 14 5 2 14 1 14 2 2 10 11 63 2 New Brunswick 10 10 3 1 10 5 1 1 10 1 1 31 2 Newfoundland 7 7 2 1 7 4 7 1 21 1 Northwest Territories 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 7 Nova Scotia 11 11 7 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 7 40 2 Ontario 95 95 16 25 95 28 23 95 6 1 5 - 116 406 25 Prince Edward Island 4 4 3 4 1 4 1 13 Quebec 75 75 2 1 75 51 6 1 75 74 5 1 5 212 511 7 Saskatchewan 14 14 5 1 2 14 1 14 1 2 8 8 58 3 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 282 282 70 31 7 282 92 8 32 282 12 8 2 110 5 1 5 411 1 1,367 47 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 231 seats which are comparable to the previous election 50 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 8,164 1.0 12,894 1.5 21 853,177 1,885 0.2 7,023 0.6 28 1,195,912 1,044 0.2 1,599 0.3 14 513,773 258 0.1 10 337,532 7 201,732 273 1.6 2 16,745 1,829 0.4 11 425,609 1,002 0.1 26,168 0.6 95 4,142,995 54 0.1 4 64,613 6 8.0 512,995 16.0 119,817 3.7 75 3,204,029 2,514 0.5 3,526 0.7 14 489,404 1 10,181 6 2.1 527,604 4.6 173,441 1.5 282 11,455,702 85,298 11,541,000 Table 2-45 1979 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 0.1 Province -4.9 Alberta British Columbia 5 Manitoba 4 New Brunswick 1 Newfoundland Northwest Territories 2 Nova Scotia 3 Ontario 24 Prince Edward Island 1 Quebec 5 Saskatchewan 4 Yukon Territory and 5.0 10.0 15.0 -9.9 -14.9 -19.9 5 3 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 15 20 11 1 3 5 2 4 2 1 20.0 25.0- Total -24.9 100.0 Seats 1 20 21 4 7 28 7 14 1 4 10 1 4 7 2 1 3 11 6 19 95 2 4 2 60 75 1 1 14 1 Totals Percent of Total 49 28 41 20 17.4 9.9 14.5 7.1 19 125 282 6.7 44.3 51 : The National Results Table 2-46 1980—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 21 100.0 516,079 64.9 176,601 22.2 81,755 10.3 British Columbia 16 57.1 502.088 41.5 268,262 22.2 12 42.9 426,858 35.3 Manitoba 5 35.7 179,607 37.7 2 14.3 133,253 28.0 7 50.0 159,434 33.5 New Brunswick 3 30.0 109.056 32.5 7 70.0 168,316 50.1 54,517 16.2 Newfoundland Northwest 2 28.6 72,999 36.0 5 71.4 95.354 47.0 33,943 16.7 Territories 1 50.0 3.998 24.7 5,802 35.8 1 50.0 6,225 38.4 Nova Scotia 6 54.5 163.459 38.7 5 45.5 168,304 39.9 88,052 20.9 Ontario Prince Edward 38 40.0 1,420.436 35.5 52 54.7 1,675,519 41.9 5 5.3 874,229 21.9 Island 2 50.0 30.653 46.3 2 50.0 31,005 46.8 4,339 6.6 Quebec 1 1.3 373,317 12.6 74 98.7 2,017.156 68.2 268,409 9.1 Saskatchewan 7 50.0 177.376 38.9 110,517 24.2 7 50.0 165,308 36.3 Yukon 1 100.0 3,926 40.6 3,825 39.6 1,918 19.8 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 103 36.5 3.552.994 32.5 147 52.1 4,853,914 44.3 32 11.3 2,164,987 198 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others Table 2-47 1980 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Pr °9 Cons Liberal _ NPP Social Credit Others Candj . Chan g in g Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 21 21 21 21 21 15 30 108 British Columbia 28 28 15 1 4 28 1 28 8 4 5 39 128 5 Manitoba 14 14 5 2 14 2 14 5 2 18 60 2 New Brunswick 10 10 3 1 10 6 1 10 9 39 1 Newfoundland 7 7 2 7 4 1 7 1 3 24 1 Northwest • Territories 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 7 Nova Scotia 11 11 6 1 11 2 3 1 11 1 9 42 3 Ontario 95 95 38 19 95 32 20 95 3 2 3 5 170 460 22 Prince Edward Island 4 4 2 4 1 1 4 2 14 1 Quebec 75 75 1 1 75 67 7 73 55 6 207 485 7 Saskatchewan 14 14 7 3 14 14 4 3 1 11 54 3 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 282 282 102 1 31 282 114 33 2 280 21 11 5 81 6 499 1,424 45 52 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 8,158 1.0 12,852 1.6 21 795,445 1,763 0.1 10,841 0.9 28 1,209,812 3,610 0.8 14 475,904 3,841 1.1 10 335,730 749 0.4 7 203,045 180 1.1 2 16,205 2,427 0.6 11 422,242 804 0.1 29,853 0.7 95 4,000,841 208 0.3 4 66,205 174,583 5.9 123,577 4.2 75 2,957,042 178 0.1 2,395 0.5 14 455,774 1 9,669 185,486 1.7 190,533 1.7 282 10,947,914 67,600 11,015,514 Table 2-48 1980 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 20 21 British Columbia 5 4 5 6 1 7 28 Manitoba 1 2 3 2 3 3 14 New Brunswick 2 3 5 10 Newfoundland 1 2 4 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 2 Nova Scotia 3 1 5 2 11 Ontario 29 19 18 15 7 7 95 Prince Edward Island 2 1 1 4 Quebec 1 3 3 2 66 75 Saskatchewan 5 5 1 2 1 14 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 50 36 41 29 14 112 282 Percent of Total 17.7 12.8 14.5 10.3 5.0 39.7 53 : The National Results Table 2-49 1984—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ NDP _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 21 100.0 701,344 68.8 129,945 12.7 143,588 14.1 British Columbia 19 67.9 668,432 46.6 1 3.6 235,394 16.4 8 28.6 502,331 35.1 Manitoba 9 64.3 221,947 43.2 1 7.1 112,123 21.8 4 28.6 139,999 27.2 New Brunswick 9 90.0 202,144 53.6 1 10.0 120,326 31.9 53,332 14.1 Newfoundland Northwest 4 57.1 138,867 57.6 3 42.9 87,778 36.4 13,993 5.8 Territories 2 100.0 8,059 41.3 5,254 26.9 5,511 28.2 Nova Scotia 9 81.8 233,713 50.7 2 18.2 154,954 33.6 70,190 15.2 Ontario Prince Edward 67 70.5 2,113,187 47.6 14 14.7 1,323,835 29.8 13 13.7 921,504 20.8 Island 3 75.0 38,160 52.0 1 25.0 30,075 41.0 4,737 6.5 Quebec 58 77.3 1,728,196 50.2 17 22.7 1,219,124 35.4 301,928 8.8 Saskatchewan 9 64.3 218,000 41.7 95,143 18.2 5 35.7 200,918 38.4 Yukon 1 100.0 6,648 56.8 2,535 21.7 1,884 16.1 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 211 74.8 6,278.697 50.0 40 14.2 3,516,486 28.0 30 10.6 2,359,915 18.8 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others Table 2-50 1984 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party Total Prog. Cons. Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Others Candi . Changjn g Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 21 21 21 21 21 15 45 123 British Columbia 28 28 15 4 1 28 1 28 8 4 7 71 162 5 Manitoba 14 14 5 4 14 1 1 14 4 3 26 68 4 New Brunswick 10 10 3 6 10 1 6 10 1 4 35 6 Newfoundland Northwest 7 7 2 2 7 3 2 7 2 23 2 Territories 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 7 1 Nova Scotia 11 11 6 3 11 2 3 11 4 37 3 Ontario Prince Edward 95 95 37 30 1 95 14 38 95 5 8 6 131 1 422 39 Island 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 4 2 14 1 Quebec 75 75 1 57 75 17 57 75 23 203 451 57 Saskatchewan 14 14 7 2 14 14 5 2 22 64 2 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 3 Totals 282 282 101 110 2 282 39 1 108 282 22 8 10 52 511 1 1,409 120 54 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 5,965 0.6 38,697 3.8 21 1,019,539 3,094 0.2 23,797 1.7 28 1,433,048 39,765 7.7 14 513,834 102 0.1 1,446 0.4 10 377,350 521 0.2 7 241,159 686 3.5 2 19,510 1,735 0.4 11 460,592 865 0.1 1 1.1 76,020 1.7 95 4,435,411 442 0.6 4 73,414 6,633 0.2 184,479 5.4 75 3,440,360 j 8,739 1.7 14 522,800 637 5.4 1 11,704 16,659 0.1 1 0.4 376,964 3.0 282 12,548,721 89,703 12,638,424 Table 2-51 1984 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 20 21 British Columbia 4 6 4 2 5 7 28 Manitoba 1 6 2 1 1 3 14 New Brunswick 1 2 2 5 10 Newfoundland 3 2 2 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 2 Nova Scotia 2 2 1 6 11 Ontario 14 14 13 6 9 39 95 Prince Edward Island 1 2 1 4 Quebec 13 13 11 8 10 20 75 Saskatchewan 4 2 2 3 2 1 14 Yukon Territory 1 1 Totals 41 46 38 23 29 105 282 Percent of Total 14.5 16.3 13.5 8.2 10.3 37.2 55 : The National Results Table 2-52 1988—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Province and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Alberta 25 96.2 601,639 51.8 159,418 13.7 1 3.8 202,093 17.4 British Columbia 12 37.5 527,767 34.4 1 3.1 326,801 21.3 19 59.4 567,732 37.0 Manitoba 7 50.0 199,161 36.9 5 35.7 196,887 36.5 2 14.3 115,293 21.3 New Brunswick 5 50.0 155,062 40.4 5 50.0 173,960 45.4 35,790 9.3 Newfoundland 2 28.6 108,456 42.2 5 71.4 115,690 45.0 31,775 12.4 Northwest Territories 5,585 26.4 2 100.0 8,771 41.4 5,993 28.3 Nova Scotia 5 45.5 196.390 40.9 6 54.5 223,175 46.5 54,515 11.4 Ontario 46 46.5 1,788,118 38.2 43 43.4 1,819,087 38.9 10 10.1 940,121 20.1 Prince Edward Island 31,372 41.5 4 100.0 37,761 49.9 5,661 7.5 Quebec 63 84.0 1,841,311 52.7 12 16.0 1,057,876 30.3 487,971 14.0 Saskatchewan 4 28.6 190,463 36.4 95,235 18.2 10 71.4 231,030 44.2 Yukon 4,524 35.3 1,450 11.3 1 100.0 6,594 51.4 Total and % Seats and Valid Votes 169 57.3 5,649,848 42.9 83 28.1 4,216,111 32.0 43 14.6 2,684,568 20.4 Rejected Total Votes Cast ’Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 2-53 1988 Election Results—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Province and Party 1500131 Total Chang- y ota i Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Credit _ Other Candi- ing Province Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats Alberta 26 26 21 26 26 86 164 British Columbia 32 32 15 4 1 32 1 32 8 4 2 122 220 5 Manitoba 14 14 5 4 14 1 1 14 4 3 39 81 4 New Brunswick 10 10 3 6 10 1 6 10 14 44 6 Newfoundland 7 7 2 2 7 3 2 7 2 23 2 Northwest ‘ Territories 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 8 1 Nova Scotia 11 11 6 3 11 2 3 11 14 47 3 Ontario 99 99 37 30 1 98 14 38 99 5 8 1 210 1 507 39 Prince Edward Island 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 4 2 14 1 Quebec 75 75 1 57 75 17 57 75 6 147 378 57 Saskatchewan 14 14 7 2 14 14 5 2 15 57 2 Yukon 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 Totals 295 295 101 110 2 294 39 1 108 295 22 8 10 9 654 1 1,547 120 56 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 199,334 17.1 26 1,162,484 1,169 0.1 111,548 7.3 32 1,535,017 28,749 5.3 14 540,090 18,773 4.9 10 383,585 1,025 0.4 7 256,946 833 3.9 2 21,182 5,762 1.2 11 479,842 168 0.1 133,605 2.9 99 4,681,099 842 1.1 4 75,636 2,070 0.1 107,183 3.1 75 3,496,411 6,500 1.2 14 523,228 255 2.0 1 12,823 3,407 0 614,409 4.7 295 13,168,343 105,339 13,273,682 Table 2-54 1988 Election Results—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Province 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats Alberta 1 3 2 1 3 16 26 British Columbia 7 6 8 6 3 2 32 Manitoba 3 5 2 1 3 14 New Brunswick 3 3 2 1 1 10 Newfoundland 1 2 2 7 Northwest Territories 1 1 2 Nova Scotia 4 4 1 2 11 Ontario 43 17 14 9 10 99 Prince Edward Island 1 1 2 4 Quebec 9 6 6 10 5 39 75 Saskatchewan 3 2 4 2 1 2 14 Yukon 1 1 Totals 75 50 40 31 21 78 295 57 : The National Results Table 2-55 Voter Turnout in Federal Elections, by Year and Province Province Mean 1935 1940 1945 1949 1953 1957 1958 1962 Alberta 70.2 65.3 64.3 73.4 69.3 62.6 73.0 74.4 74.3 British Columbia 74.7 76.5 77.9 79.5 69.0 65.1 74.3 75.9 77.6 Manitoba 73.8 75.3 75.5 75.5 71.7 59.4 74.2 80.1 77.2 New Brunswick 77.7 77.4 69.3 77.9 78.7 78.4 81.4 84.8 83.3 Newfoundland 63.5 57.7 57.4 51.9 78.6 72.0 Northwest Territories 69.2 63.9 62.9 73.6 72.1 Nova Scotia 77.3 76.4 71.1 71.7 75.4 71.6 81.1 84.3 83.7 Ontario 75.5 74.0 69.5 74.5 75.1 67.0 74.0 79.5 80.0 Prince Edward Island 84.0 80.4 78.3 81.0 85.3 83.6 85.4 88.2 90.2 Quebec 73.0 73.8 66.1 73.2 74.0 68.6 72.3 79.4 77.6 Saskatchewan 79.1 77.0 77.5 85.2 79.4 74.2 81.0 81.9 84.9 Yukon 79.0 70.1 83.0 62.8 75.3 75.9 88.7 90.1 88.4 Canada 74.5 74.2 69.9 75.3 73.8 66.9 74.0 79.4 80.1 Table 2-56 Federal By-Elections, 1935—1988 Cons./ Prog. Cons. Liberal % % 1935-1940 January 6, 1936 Assiniboia (Sask.) 7,282 66.2 June 8, 1936 Victoria (B.C.) 5,977 34.0 5,725 32.5 October 26, 1936 Ottawa East (Ont.) 9,726 41.2 March 22, 1937 Bonaventure (Que.) 6,076 43.3 7,735 55.1 March 22, 1937 Hamilton West (Ont.) 8,102 42.8 7,295 38.5 April 5, 1937 Renfrew North (Ont.) 5,459 48.2 5,863 51.8 November 29, 1937 Victoria (B.C.) 7,654 32.3 9,493 40.1 December 27, 1937 Lotbiniere (Que.) 9,910 65.4 January 17, 1938 St.-Henri (Que.) 16,594 57.5 February 28, 1938 Argenteuil (Que.) 4,939 57.3 3,281 38.0 March 21, 1938 Edmonton East (Alta.) 2,466 12.2 7,920 39.0 November 14, 1938 Brandon (Man.) 5,600 35.5 6,583 41.8 November 14, 1938 London (Ont.) 11,364 58.2 November 14, 1938 Waterloo South (Ont.) 7,776 51.7 3,730 24.8 December 18, 1939 Jacques-Cartier (Que.) 6,829 77.6 December 18, 1939 St.-James (Que.) 16,986 72.7 December 18, 1939 Saskatoon City (Sask.) 5,766 34.9 1940-1945 August 19, 1940 Carleton (Ont.) 6,045 80.3 August 19, 1940 Saskatoon City (Sask.) 4,798 31.5 2,421 15.9 August 19, 1940 Waterloo North (Ont.) 5,436 38.1 8,826 61.9 June 2, 1941 Edmonton East (Alta.) 7,306 51.8 February 9, 1942 Quebec East (Que.) 16,708 56.7 58 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 78.8 73.7 73.3 75.6 67.4 68.5 60.6 69.1 75.0 80.4 75.2 75.9 73.2 72.1 74.7 70.6 77.6 79.1 77.8 73.8 75.9 74.3 70.8 76.9 69.4 73.2 74.7 80.6 80.1 80.1 77.0 71.2 74.3 71.2 77.3 76.4 68.8 65.6 68.0 63.1 57.7 60.0 58.9 65.5 67.8 73.1 76.3 69.3 73.5 61.1 69.7 66.9 67.9 70.9 81.6 81.8 82.3 79.6 74.1 75.4 71.5 75.4 75.7 81.0 76.7 77.3 79.3 74.6 78.2 71.8 75.8 74.8 84.5 88.0 88.0 85.6 80.3 81.1 79.3 84.6 85.9 76.3 70.7 72.3 75.5 67.4 76.0 68.1 76.2 75.3 83.1 79.5 80.5 79.1 72.9 79.3 71.5 77.9 77.9 88.0 86.5 86.8 79.6 67.3 74.3 69.0 77.9 78.8 79.2 74.8 75.7 76.7 71.0 75.8 69.3 75.3 75.5 CCF/NDP Social Credit Other % % % Total 3,717 33.8 10,999 5,887 33.5 13,856 58.8 17,589 23,582 225 1.6 14,036 3,536 18.7 18,933 11,322 6,550 27.6 5,239 34.6 23,697 15,149 12,277 42.5 28,871 405 4.7 8,625 9,904 48.8 20,290 3,577 22.7 15,760 8,166 41.8 19,530 3,544 23.5 15,050 1,976 22.4 8,805 6,368 27.3 23,354 10,756 65.1 16,522 1,483 19.7 7,528 7,998 52.6 15,217 14,262 4,199 29.8 2,605 18.5 14,110 12,768 43.3 29,476 59 : The National Results Table 2-56 (Continued) Cons./ Prog. Cons. Liberal % % February 9, 1942 Ste.-Marie (Que.) 11,980 71.4 February 9, 1942 Welland (Ont.) 12,836 45.9 February 9, 1942 York South (Ont.) 11,952 42.1 November 30, 1942 Charlevoix-Saguenay (Que.) November 30, 1942 Outremont (Que.) 12,378 64.0 November 30, 1942 Winnipeg North Centre (Man.) 4,718 28.5 August 9, 1943 Cartier (Que.) 4,180 22.0 August 9, 1943 Flumboldt (Sask.) 5,287 36.6 August 9, 1943 Selkirk (Man.) 3,781 27.0 August 9, 1943 Stanstead (Que.) 5,349 43.6 February 5, 1945 Grey North (Ont.) 7,333 44.3 6,097 36.8 1945-1949 August 6, 1945 Glengarry (Ont.) 4,551 93.3 September 16, 1946 Pontiac (Que.) 7,487 23.5 10,379 32.6 October 21, 1946 Parkdale (Ont.) 8,212 35.1 7,659 32.8 October 21, 1946 Portage-Laprairie (Man.) 4,805 40.8 4,137 35.2 December 23, 1946 Richelieu-Vercheres (Que.) 1,875 9.4 11,984 59.9 March 31, 1947 Cartier (Que.) 9,649 39.1 July 14, 1947 Halifax (N.S.) 13,768 25.3 24,469 45.0 October 20, 1947 York-Sunbury (N.B.) 8,119 34.0 12,237 51.3 May 31, 1948 Yale (B.C.) 7,953 28.1 7,500 26.5 June 8, 1948 Ontario (Ont.) 7,541 29.0 8,311 31.9 June 8, 1948 Vancouver Centre (B.C.) 4,965 22.7 7,348 33.7 October 25, 1948 Algoma East (Ont.) 4,685 56.4 October 25, 1948 Rosthern (Sask.) 6,233 52.5 December 13, 1948 Digby-Annapolis-Kings (N.S.) 14,057 49.3 12,469 43.7 December 20, 1948 Carleton (Ont.) 12,284 76.3 December 20, 1948 Laval-Deux-Montagnes (Que.) 6,280 65.6 December 20, 1948 Marquette (Man.) 7,421 71.4 February 7, 1949 Nicolet-Yamaska (Que.) 8,382 49.5 8,095 47.8 1949-1953 October 24, 1949 Gatineau (Que.) 2,705 29.1 5,438 58.6 October 24, 1949 Greenwood (Ont.) 9,399 40.2 7,230 30.9 October 24, 1949 Jacques-Cartier (Que.) 6,903 42.5 October 24, 1949 Kamouraska (Que.) 5,230 46.4 October 24, 1949 Laurier (Que.) 10,164 93.4 October 24, 1949 Mercier (Que.) 9,389 74.9 October 24, 1949 New Westminster (B.C.) 3,068 12.4 8,727 35.2 October 24, 1949 Restigouche-Madawaska (N.B.) 7,194 41.5 May 15, 1950 Broadview (Ont.) 10,399 48.1 6,055 28.0 May 15, 1950 Hamilton West (Ont.) 8,008 42.5 7,602 40.3 June 19, 1950 Annapolis-Kings (N.S.) 14,255 55.0 11,670 45.0 June 19, 1950 Cartier (Que.) 2,833 15.8 9,701 54.1 June 19, 1950 Halifax (N.S.) 13,696 31.7 24,665 57.1 October 16, 1950 Rimouski (Que.) 9,431 45.9 October 16, 1950 Ste.-Marie (Que.) 5,251 33.9 60 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 CCF/NDP % Social Credit % Other % Total 4,802 28.6 16,782 6,088 21.8 9,046 32.3 27,970 16,408 57.9 28,360 19,455 100.0 19,455 6,948 36.0 19,326 11,639 70.2 220 1.3 16,577 3,313 17.4 11,537 60.6 19,030 8,910 61.7 251 1.7 14,448 9,396 67.1 833 5.9 14,010 257 2.1 6,661 54.3 12,267 3,118 18.8 16,548 325 6.7 4,876 1,975 6.2 11,412 35.9 572 1.8 31,825 6,470 27.7 1,030 4.4 23,371 2,821 24.0 11,763 6,164 30.8 20,023 15,055 60.9 24,704 16,151 29.7 54,388 3,514 14.7 23,870 12,838 45.4 28,291 10,187 39.1 26,039 9,518 43.6 21,831 2,382 28.7 1,236 14.9 8,303 3,278 27.6 2,369 19.9 11,880 1,992 7.0 28,518 3,371 20.9 451 2.8 16,106 3,287 34.4 9,567 2,974 28.6 10,395 469 2.8 16,946 1,140 12.3 9,283 6,580 28.1 189 0.8 23,398 9,327 57.5 16,230 6,033 53.6 11,263 713 6.6 10,877 3,153 25.1 12,542 5,769 23.3 7,220 29.1 24,784 10,124 58.5 17,318 4,975 23.0 184 0.9 21,613 3,235 17.2 18,845 25,925 1,473 8.2 3,913 21.8 17,920 4,861 11.2 11,100 54.1 43,222 20,531 10,237 66.1 15,488 61 : The National Results Table 2-56 (Continued) Cons./ Prog. Cons. Liberal % % October 16, 1950 Welland (Ont.) 13,031 32.4 19,553 48.7 June 25, 1951 Brandon (Man.) 11,124 57.1 8,371 42.9 June 25, 1951 Queens (P.E.I.) 9,540 51.2 9,087 48.8 June 25, 1951 Waterloo South (Ont.) 8,950 42.2 6,483 30.6 June 25, 1951 Winnipeg South Centre (Man.) 6,009 43.6 5,273 38.3 December 10, 1951 Calgary West (Alta.) 10,686 47.3 6,424 28.4 May 26, 1952 Brome-Missisquoi (Que.) 6,013 40.0 8,394 55.8 May 26, 1952 Gloucester (N.B.) 11,245 52.3 10,256 47.7 May 26, 1952 Ontario (Ont.) 12,275 41.1 9,091 30.5 May 26, 1952 Roberval (Que.) 6,703 41.2 5,854 36.0 May 26, 1952 Victoria-Carleton (N.B.) 9,440 56.9 7,140 43.1 May 26, 1952 Waterloo North (Ont.) 10,892 38.9 12,436 44.4 October 6, 1952 Outremont-St.-Jean (Que.) 3,203 28.5 6,294 56.0 October 6, 1952 Richelieu-Vercheres (Que.) 4,374 24.8 13,285 75.2 1953-1957 March 22, 1954 Elgin (Ont.) 11,821 52.5 10,680 47.5 March 22, 1954 Gatineau (Que.) 2,614 24.5 6,568 61.7 March 22, 1954 Peel (Ont.) 13,500 55.3 8,944 36.6 March 22, 1954 Verdun (Que.) 5,755 22.9 8,221 32.8 November 8, 1954 St.-Antoine-Westmount (Que.) 9,161 39.0 13,960 59.5 November 8, 1954 St.-Laurent-St.-Georges (Que.) 4,489 38.3 6,548 55.8 November 8, 1954 Selkirk (Man.) 2,471 14.8 5,715 34.3 November 8, 1954 Stormont (Ont.) 11,091 49.2 11,441 50.8 November 8, 1954 Trinity (Ont.) 4,237 29.3 5,589 38.6 November 8, 1954 York West (Ont.) 12,822 46.5 9,788 35.5 June 30, 1955 Battle River-Camrose (Alta.) 8,067 39.8 September 26, 1955 Bellechasse (Que.) 5,383 47.5 5,945 52.5 September 26, 1955 Quebec-Sud (Que.) 10,677 43.1 13,881 56.0 September 26, 1955 Restigouche-Madawaska (N.B.) 12,942 54.6 10,770 45.4 September 26, 1955 Temiscouata (Que.) 8,055 40.1 12,010 59.9 October 24, 1955 Spadina (Ont.) 6,740 34.4 6,096 31.1 December 19, 1955 St.-Jean-lberville-Napierville (Que.) 2,997 13.8 9,920 45.7 1957-1958 * November 21, 1957 Hastings-Frontenac (Ont.) 10,513 97.5 December 16, 1957 Yukon 2,365 51.4 2,237 48.6 1958-1962 September 29, 1958 Grenville-Dundas (Ont.) 10,309 65.7 5,379 34.3 September 29, 1958 Montmagny-L'lslet (Que.) 7,796 54.5 6,516 45.5 December 15, 1958 Trinity (Ont.) 4,404 37.4 5,175 43.9 December 15, 1958 Springfield (Man.) 4,248 37.1 3,757 32.8 October 5, 1959 Hastings-Frontenac (Ont.) 9,079 72.9 3,383 27.1 October 5, 1959 Russell (Ont.) 14,152 39.0 21,070 58.0 October 31, 1960 Niagara Falls (Ont.) 8,309 29.3 13,428 47.3 October 31, 1960 Peterborough (Ont.) 10,246 35.5 5,394 18.7 October 31, 1960 Labelle (Que.) 7,235 43.1 9,540 56.9 62 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 CCF/NDP % Social Credit % Other % Total 5,972 5,754 2,497 640 8,464 4,701 1,135 674 1,985 2,745 415 8,462 3,700 4,711 3,753 2,873 1,724 3,446 1,077 6,627 13,207 14.9 1,616 4.0 40,172 19,495 18,627 27.2 21,187 18.1 5,489 24.3 13,779 22,599 4.3 15,047 21,501 28.4 3,703 22.8 29,830 16,260 16,580 16.8 28,029 10.1 603 5.4 11,235 17,659 22,501 6.3 796 7.5 10,652 8.1 24,429 10.9 8,377 33.4 25,098 357 1.5 23,478 3.5 277 2.4 11,729 50.8 16,648 22,532 25.6 953 6.6 14,479 17.1 282 1.0 27,603 18.5 8,455 41.7 20,275 11,328 231 0.9 24,789 23,712 20,065 14.7 3,894 19.9 19,603 8,782 40.5 21,699 266 2.5 10,779 4,602 15,688 14,312 14.6 488 4.1 11,791 30.1 11,451 12,462 3.0 36,299 23.4 28,364 45.8 28,847 16,775 63 : The National Results Table 2-56 (Continued) Cons./ Prog. Cons. % Liberal % October 31, 1960 Royal (N.B.) 8,755 51.9 7,731 45.8 May 29, 1961 Leeds (Ont.) 8,804 43.7 11,352 56.3 May 29, 1961 Restigouche-Madawaska (N.B.) 14,566 51.8 13,544 48.2 May 29, 1961 Kings (P.E.I.) 4,472 50.9 4,309 49.1 May 29, 1961 Esquimalt-Saanich (B.C.) 8,554 30.9 8,010 29.0 1962-1963 October 22, 1962 Burnaby-Coquitlam (B.C.) 5,282 16.3 8,029 24.8 1963-1965 February 10, 1964 Laurier (Que.) 1,866 18.0 5,349 51.7 February 10, 1964 Saint-Denis (Que.) 4,768 30.8 7,781 50.3 June 22, 1964 Nipissing (Ont.) 8,581 32.8 14,002 53.5 June 22, 1964 Saskatoon (Sask.) 16,551 41.2 9,459 23.5 November 9, 1964 Waterloo South (Ont.) 10,078 35.9 5,563 19.8 November 9, 1964 Westmorland (N.B.) 14,090 38.0 20,401 55.0 1965-1968 September 19, 1966 Nicolet-Yamaska (Que.) 6.842 41.4 7,936 48.0 September 19, 1966 Burin-Burgeo (Nfld.) 1,107 10.7 9,215 89.3 September 19, 1966 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador (Nfld.) 2,515 18.8 9,754 73.0 May 29, 1967 Sudbury (Ont.) 2,491 8.7 12,823 44.6 May 29, 1967 Hull (Que.) 939 4.1 11,854 52.2 May 29, 1967 Richelieu-Vercheres (Que.) 3,104 19.5 10,577 66.3 May 29, 1967 Outremont-Saint-Jean (Que.) 6,262 54.7 May 29, 1967 Papineau (Que.) 1,958 18.3 6,197 58.0 November 6, 1967 Colchester-Hants (N.S.) 15,389 92.1 1,098 6.6 November 6, 1967 Bonavista-Twillingate (Nfld.) 6,356 42.8 8,112 54.7 November 6, 1967 Jasper-Edson (Alta.) 6,818 54.4 3,957 31.6 1969-1972 April 8, 1969 Comox-Alberni (B.C.) 2,350 8.6 12,357 45.2 February 10, 1969 Nanaimo-Cowichan-The Islands (B.C.) 1,966 5.7 12,897 37.3 April 13, 1970 Selkirk (Man.) 4,993 17.1 6,947 23.8 November 16, 1970 Frontenac (Que.) 2,154 9.3 l'3,404 57.6 November 16, 1970 Labelle (Que.) 4,870 23.3 12,604 60.3 November 16, 1970 Lisgar (Man.) 11,222 57.3 4,444 22.7 May 13, 1971 Brant (Ont.) 9,517 23.9 12,831 32.2 May 13, 1971 Chambly (Que.) 1,573 6.4 16,243 66.6 May 13, 1971 Trois-Rivieres (Que.) 1,827 6.8 12,809 47.7 May 13, 1971 Central Nova (N.S.) 15,359 52.6 11,200 38.3 November 8, 1971 Assiniboia (Sask.) 8,172 32.5 7,051 28.0 1972-1974: No by-elections were held in this period. 1974-1979 October 14, 1975 Hochelaga (Que.) 8,236 48.6 5,649 33.3 October 14, 1975 Restigouche (N.B.) 6,059 34.1 9,158 51.6 64 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 CCF/NDP % Social Credit % Other % Total 379 2.2 16,865 20,156 28,110 8,781 6,481 23.4 4,466 16.2 131 0.5 27,642 16,313 50.4 2,562 7.9 162 0.5 32,348 688 6.6 2,232 21.6 216 2.1 10,351 605 3.9 2,052 13.3 251 1.6 15,457 3,581 13.7 26,164 14,168 35.3 40,178 12,417 44.3 28,058 2,615 7.0 37,106 588 3.6 1,173 7.1 16,539 10,322 1,086 8.1 13,355 12,982 45.1 225 0.8 244 0.8 28,765 907 4.0 8,989 39.6 22,689 1,178 7.4 1,089 6.8 15,948 4,860 42.4 332 2.9 11,454 1,568 14.7 967 9.0 10,690 221 1.3 16,708 370 2.5 14,838 1,749 14.0 12,524 12,612 46.2 27,319 19,730 57.0 34,593 16,595 56.8 541 1.9 143 0.5 29,219 7,721 33.2 23,279 3,417 16.4 20,891 1,814 9.3 1,730 8.8 377 1.9 19,587 17,147 43.1 322 0.8 39,817 5,138 21.1 1,445 5.9 24,399 11,616 43.3 592 2.2 26,844 1,940 6.6 714 2.4 29,213 9,956 39.5 25,179 675 4.0 1,729 10.2 666 3.9 16,955 1,392 7.8 1,140 6.4 17,749 65 : The National Results Table 2-56 (Continued) Cons./ Prog. Cons. Liberal % % October 18, 1976 Ottawa-Carleton (Ont.) 34,477 51.2 18,796 27.9 October 18, 1976 St. John's West (Nfld.) 11,719 48.3 3,971 16.4 May 24, 1977 Langelier (Que.) 3,952 21.6 12,171 66.5 May 24, 1977 Louis-Hebert (Que.) 9,142 21.5 30,763 72.3 May 24, 1977 Malpeque (P.E.I.) 4,532 47.1 4,657 48.4 May 24, 1977 Temiscamingue (Que.) 3,136 14.9 7,422 35.3 May 24, 1977 Terrebonne (Que.) 15,539 34.2 25,006 55.1 May 24, 1977 Verdun (Que.) 2,003 7.8 15,208 59.2 October 16, 1978 Hamilton-Wentworth (Ont.) 20,263 47.2 8,282 19.3 October 16, 1978 Ottawa Centre (Ont.) 12,078 44.5 7,361 27.1 October 16, 1978 Broadview (Ont.) 7,968 39.8 3,466 17.3 October 16, 1978 Eglinton (Ont.) 19,485 65.6 7,996 26.9 October 16, 1978 Parkdale (Ont.) 6,759 38.7 5,721 32.7 October 16, 1978 Rosedale (Ont.) 18,732 57.9 10,119 31.3 October 16, 1978 York-Scarborough (Ont.) 55,455 64.9 21,431 25.1 October 16, 1978 Lotbiniere (Que.) 6,916 19.1 11,955 33.0 October 16, 1978 Saint-Hyacinthe (Que.) 16,559 41.2 21,515 53.5 October 16, 1978 Westmount (Que.) 9,391 32.7 17,214 59.9 October 16, 1978 Halifax-East Hants (N.S.) 18,767 60.6 10,161 32.8 October 16, 1978 Fundy-Royal (N.B.) 17,327 52.5 12,241 37.1 October 16, 1978 Saint-Boniface (Man.) 18,552 42.6 13,804 31.7 October 16, 1978 Burnaby-Richmond-Delta (B.C.) 30,395 63.5 4,713 9.8 October 16, 1978 Humber-St. Georges-St. Barbe (Nfld.) 5,851 20.5 10,322 36.1 1979-1980 November 19, 1979 Prince Albert (Sask.) 10,385 36.0 7,336 25.5 November 19, 1979 Burin-Saint Georges (Nfld.) 4,308 22.3 10,434 54.0 1980-1984 September 8, 1980 Hamilton West (Ont.) 9,882 31.9 12,565 40.6 April 13, 1981 Cardigan (P.E.I.) 7,813 46.9 8,166 49.0 April 13, 1981 London West (Ont.) 21,022 44.8 21,952 46.8 May 4, 1981 Levis (Que.) 10,052 29.7 15,591 46.0 August 17, 1981 Spadina (Ont.) 6,581 29.7 7,372 33.3 August 17, 1981 Joliette (Que.) 24,434 65.3 11,450 30.6 October 12, 1982 Leeds-Grenville (Ont.) 18,401 57.0 6,693 20.7 October 12, 1982 Timiskaming (Ont.) 9,029 35.7 8,341 33.0 October 12, 1982 Broadview-Greenwood (Ont.) 4,999 17.8 2,728 9.7 May 24, 1983 Brandon-Souris (Man.) 19,330 62.2 5,369 17.3 August 19, 1983 Central Nova (N.S.) 18,882 60.2 7,858 25.0 August 19, 1983 Mission-Port Moody (B.C.) 21,590 50.7 2,207 5.2 1984-1988 September 19, 1986 Saint-Maurice (Que.) 6,666 20.0 19,608 58.9 September 19, 1986 Pembina (Alta.) 16,525 37.0 6,505 14.6 July 20, 1987 Yukon (Yukon) 2,660 27.2 3,155 32.2 July 20, 1987 Hamilton Mountain (Ont.) 5,500 16.1 13,226 38.6 July 20, 1987 St. John's East (Nfld.) 12,102 34.9 5,955 17.2 June 20, 1988 Lac-St-Jean (Que.) 16,989 55.4 10,726 35.0 66 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 CCF/NDP % Social Credit % Other % Total 12,777 19.0 1,318 2.0 67,368 8,597 35.4 24,287 1,104 6.0 618 3.4 446 2.4 18,291 1,652 3.9 1,021 2.4 42,578 393 4.1 46 0.5 9,628 377 1.8 9,603 45.7 495 2.4 21,033 1,299 2.9 1,949 4.3 1,608 3.5 45,401 8,151 31.7 173 0.7 175 0.7 25,710 14,105 32.8 301 0.7 42,951 7,470 27.5 254 0.9 27,163 8,388 41.9 204 1.0 20,026 2,246 7.6 29,727 4,806 27.5 190 1.1 17,476 3,008 9.3 471 1.5 32,330 7,681 9.0 912 1.1 85,479 962 2.7 16,358 45.2 36,191 1,259 3.1 889 2.2 40,222 1,817 6.3 305 1.1 28,727 1,697 5.5 355 1.1 30,980 3,434 10.4 33,002 9,570 22.0 1,204 2.8 442 1.0 43,572 11,308 23.6 1,467 3.1 47,883 12,386 43.4 28,559 10,941 38.0 147 0.5 28,809 4,587 23.7 19,329 8,172 26.4 341 1.1 30,960 674 4.0 16,653 3,802 8.1 168 0.4 46,944 5,235 15.5 367 1.1 2,612 7.7 33,857 7,586 34.3 589 2.7 22,128 281 0.8 92 0.2 1,149 3.1 37,406 2,751 8.5 4,436 13.7 32,281 7,654 30.3 236 0.9 25,260 10,967 39.1 9,351 33.3 28,045 6,381 20.5 31,080 4,202 13.4 430 1.4 31,372 18,314 43.0 508 1.2 42,619 6,484 19.5 532 1.6 33,290 16,251 36.4 5,355 12.0 44,636 3,487 35.6 481 4.9 9,783 14,894 43.5 150 0.4 495 1.4 34,265 16,086 46.4 533 1.5 34,676 2,961 9.7 30,676 67 : The National Results 3 The Regional Results In understanding Canadian society and politics, much less its elections and voting, account must be taken of the effects of regionalism. Indeed, this is one of the principal themes of commen¬ tary on Canada. In discussing regionalism it is not uncommon to divide the nation into six distinct areas. These are: -The Maritime or Atlantic Provinces: New Brunswick, Newfoundland (starting in 1949), Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. -Three provinces (Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia), each standing alone as a distinct region. -The Prairie Provinces: Manitoba, Saskatche¬ wan, and Alberta. -The Northern Territories: Yukon and the North¬ west Territory. This last is an addition to the five used by Scarrow. 1 In the last chapter we made occasional refer¬ ence to the distinctions between regions, insofar as electoral success or failure was concerned. These differences should be made more appar¬ ent by the data which follow. Our procedure is to initially reconfigure the data from chapter 2, organizing the returns for the elections by re¬ gion instead of province. From this we proceed to summarize results by region. The Individual Elections 1935 The distorting effect of Canadian elections is quite clear in this particular year. That single¬ member with plurality district elections do not necessarily give a proportional result is a given. As Rae has pointed out, “many electoral laws produce recurring and systematic 'mutations' or distortions in the translation of voting returns into allotments of parliamentary seats.” 2 In this election the Liberals were “overrepresented" by 25.7 percent, but considerably more so in the Maritimes (41.7 percent) and Quebec (30.2 percent). In the Prairie Provinces in particular, the effect is quite startling. There, with 35.3 per¬ cent of the vote they won a sheer majority (56.4 percent) of the seats. The Liberal sweep took place in all regions, the most pronounced being in the Maritimes, where Liberals won 25 of 26 seats and received their highest proportion of votes. Quebec was only narrowly behind the Maritimes in this re¬ gard. Ontario was kindest to the defeated Con¬ servatives, giving them 25 of the 40 seats they won. The newly organized third parties were limited in their electoral successes to the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia. Interestingly, Social Credit was able, like the Liberals in the east, to receive a higher share of seats than votes, but not to an unusual degree. 3 (see table 3-1 at end of text) 1940 While the Liberals were able to increase the size of their representation from 173 to 181 seats on a national basis, they lost 6 seats in the Maritimes: 5 to the Tories and 1 to the ccf. This was offset by a gain of 6 seats in Que¬ bec, one of their traditional strongholds. Liberal strength also increased in Ontario (1 seat), the Prairie Provinces (3 seats), and British Colum¬ bia (4 seats). Despite a small loss of popular votes, the Conservatives were able to retain their 40 seats with minor changes. They picked up 5 seats in the Maritimes from the Liberals, lost 4 in Que- 69 : The Regional Results bee, and lost another in British Columbia. How¬ ever, they held their own in Ontario and the Prairie Provinces. The ccf attempted to expand its base, win¬ ning a seat in the Maritimes, the first of the seven occasions this has happened. An addi¬ tional 2 seats were won in the Prairie Provinces, but this was offset by an equal loss in British Columbia. Its major loss was in the popular vote in Ontario, where its support was cut in half. Social Credit was the principal loser in this elec¬ tion. Expanding beyond its Prairie base of 1935, it lost 7 seats there, and its popular vote was severely eroded. (see table 3-2 at end of text) 1945 With a sharply reduced delegation in Com¬ mons, down from 181 after the 1940 elections to 125, the Liberals suffered losses not only to the Progressive Conservatives, but also to the minor parties. The Maritimes held firm for the Liberals, despite a loss of 5 percent in the popu¬ lar vote. In Quebec their support dropped 12.5 percent in the popular vote, and 8 seats were lost to various dissident candidates, including 2 to the Bloc Populaire Canadien and 4 to Inde¬ pendents. It was in Ontario that the Liberals suf¬ fered their greatest setback. Having previously benefited from a disproportional relationship between shares of votes and seats received, they now lost badly. With just less than the Tory vote, the Liberals lost 22 seats to the Tories and 1 to the ccf. Hence, the Tories were able to hold a majority of seats in the nation s elec- torally largest province and region. Another 20 seats were lost in the Prairie Provinces. Three of these were to the Tories, 12 to the ccf, and 3 more to Social Credit. The Liberal delegation from British Columbia was also halved, cut to 5 seats. The minor parties did especially well in this election, and this was largely in the Prairie Prov¬ inces. Of the ccf gain of 20 seats, 17 were in this region. Social Credit’s gain of 3 seats also took place there, despite an attempt to further broaden their base into other regions. Hence, between them, one party on the left and the other party on the right now controlled a ma¬ jority of seats in the Prairies. (see table 3-3 at end of text) 1949 The Liberal ''comeback" in this election, giving them one of the strongest positions ever held by either major party, was seen in every region. This is one of only three elections in the 1935-1988 period (the others being the Pro¬ gressive Conservative victories in 1958 and 1984) in which a party received a majority of seats in all regions. Their gains came at the expense of all parties as well, indicating an un¬ usual breadth to their sweep. Once again, the Liberals were able to profit from a disproportion¬ ate share of seats as compared to votes, espe¬ cially in Quebec, one of only two regions where a majority of votes was received. Here they won 32.8 percent more seats than they did popu¬ lar votes, thereby capturing their largest single delegation. Again reduced to a weak position in Commons, the Tories suffered reverses across the board, as did the minor parties. Even in Ontario the Tories were capable of winning less than a third of all seats. While the ccf lost more than half of its delegation, going from 28 to 13 seats, it was able to increase its popular vote in Ontario and to win a seat there from the Progressive Conservatives. It also picked up a seat in the Prairies (Manitoba), de¬ spite its loss of 16 seats in the Prairies to the Liberals. Social Credit, on the other hand, man¬ aged to marginally increase its popular vote total, mainly on the basis of an improved posi¬ tion in Quebec, while losing 3 seats in the Prai¬ ries to the Liberals. (see table 3-4 at end of text) 1953 Still maintaining a large lead in Commons, the Liberals were able to command a majority of votes once again in Quebec and the Maritimes. A comfortable majority of seats was retained in these two regions and in Ontario as well, de¬ spite the loss of 1 seat in the Maritimes, 2 in 70 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Quebec, and 5 in Ontario. The most serious losses they encountered were in the Prairies, as 14 seats were lost there. Two of these were to the Progressive Conservatives, 6 to the ccf, and 1 to the Socreds. The remainder of these seats was lost through redistribution, as the Prairie Provinces had a net loss of 5 seats. Interestingly, although the Liberal vote fell in the Prairies, so did that of the Tories and the ccf. Only Social Credit saw a vote increase in that region. Consequently, it would appear that what gains the Tories made in the Prairies were a result of their being better able to capture a proportion of seats somewhat closer to their vote share (differences of 10.1 percent in 1949 and 4.5 percent in 1953). The minor parties fared better in this election overall. The ccf picked up an additional seat in Ontario, 6 more in the Prairies, and 4 more in British Columbia. Social Credit also gained 1 seat in the Prairies and 4 in British Columbia, marking the first time it won seats outside of the Prairie Provinces. (see table 3-5 at end of text) 1957 This election, the first victory for the Tories since 1930, produced a minority government. The Liberals lost 67 seats, almost all of them to the Progressive Conservatives. For the first time, the Tories were able to win a majority of seats from the Maritime Provinces. As events turned out, this was to become more or less a rule of subsequent elections, broken only in 1963, 1980, and 1988. Of interest in this regard is the fact that although the Liberal and Tory vote totals in the Maritimes were roughly equal, the Liberals suffered from the disproportional factor to which we have referred in previous elections. Only the Northern Territories and Quebec, the latter normally a party stronghold, gave a majority of their seats to the Liberals. The Progressive Conservative victory was forged not only in the Maritimes with a gain of 7 seats but, more consequentially, in Ontario and the West. Ontario provided a gain of 28 seats to the Tories. The Prairies provided 4 more seats over 1953, and British Columbia added another 3. The minor parties each made small improve¬ ments in their positions. Having lost their seat in the Maritimes, the ccf added 2 seats in Ontario, and 1 in the Prairies, while holding their own in British Columbia. Social Credit was able to pick up 2 seats each in the Prairies and British Columbia, thus strengthening its position in the west. (see table 3-6 at end of text) 1958 The Progressive Conservative victory came about through impressive gains in all regions. They were able to produce popular vote ma¬ jorities in the Maritimes, the Prairies, and came very close to majorities in the others as well. Consequently, this was one of only three elec¬ tions in which any party was able to win a ma¬ jority of seats in all regions. Most impressive in this regard was the capturing of Quebec for the first time in this period. The only other elec¬ tions in which this was to happen were in 1984 (another year in which there was what can be fairly described as a Tory landslide) and 1988, when the Tories built their majority on an im¬ proved showing in Quebec. Similarly, the Tories were able to win all but 1 seat in the Prairies, and that seat was won by the ccf. Thus, the Liberals suffered significant losses in all regions in terms of both the popular vote as well as seats. Completely shut out of any seats in British Columbia and the Prairies, they won less than 20 percent of the vote in these two regions and less than a third in Ontario. This election represented a major loss for the minor parties. The ccf was able to hold three seats in Ontario, but lost 14 in the Prairies and 3 in British Columbia. However, boding well for the future, their total vote fell very little, by ap¬ proximately 15,000, and their vote share was only marginally reduced. Social Credit, on the other hand, lost all 19 of its seats on the basis of a sharply reduced vote in all regions except for Quebec. (see table 3-7 at end of text) 71 : The Regional Results 1962 The return to minority government under Diefenbaker left the Progressive Conservatives witn a majority of seats only in the Maritimes and the Prairies. In no region did any party reg¬ ister a majority of the popular vote, quite unlike the Tory 1958 sweep. The Tories lost not only votes but seats in every region except for the Northern Territories. In the critical Ontario con¬ tests they slipped 32 seats, from 67 to 35, and their temporary hold on 50 seats in Quebec also dropped, to 14. While doubling their representation, the Lib¬ erals were not the sole beneficiary of Tory losses. Indeed, they were able to command a majority of seats only in Ontario. Notable in this regard is the fact that they could only win back 1 seat in the Prairies, and 4 in British Columbia. Hence, the real beneficiaries of Tory losses were the minor parties. The ndp, running for the first time under this label, went over the mil¬ lion vote mark for the first time, a position from which they were never to retreat in the future. In their gain of 12 seats, the most significant im¬ provement was in the Prairies, going from 4 in 1958 to 10. Perhaps the most startling change was that for Social Credit, coming back from no seats at all in 1958 to winning 30 seats. This was the most it had ever won or would win in future elections. Especially noteworthy in this regard was the changed nature of its support: it won 26 seats in Quebec, where it had never won before. 5 (see table 3-8 at end of text) 1963 The change from one minority government to another—Tory to Liberal—was accomplished with an improved vote for the Liberals in all re¬ gions except for the Northern Territories. In the Maritimes the Liberals received the highest proportion of the vote they were to get in en¬ suing elections and improved their position by 6 seats. Quebec also backed the Liberals with 12 additional seats, based on an improvement in the popular vote of more than 6 percent. In the critical Ontario ridings the Liberals picked up another 8 seats, and 3 more from British Colum¬ bia helped to consolidate their position even further. However, in the Prairie Provinces the Lib¬ erals were able to gain only 1 seat, with a vote improvement of barely more than 2 percent. Here the Tories held firm, perhaps reflecting the base of support built up by its native son, Prime Minister Diefenbaker. Indeed, it was in these provinces that the Tories were able to ring up the highest vote percentage of any party in any region. The third parties slipped somewhat in this election. The ndp lost one seat each in the Mari¬ times (leaving them with none from this region), the Prairies, and British Columbia, while their votes slipped, however marginally, in all re¬ gions. Social Credit lost 6 seats in Quebec, de¬ spite a higher vote total and percentage than in 1962, while holding on to 2 seats each in British Columbia and the Prairies. (see table 3-9 at end of text) 1965 This election saw a marginally improved position for all parties but Social Credit. While the Liberals were able to gain 2 seats over¬ all, leaving them again in control of a minority government, this came about through shifts in regional support. Quebec provided a gain of 9 seats on the basis of the same proportion of popular vote which they had attracted in the previous election. Noteworthy in this context was the first electoral appearance of Pierre Elliot Trudeau, a former Progressive Conser¬ vative. However, this gain was offset by .losses elsewhere. In the Maritimes, for instance, they dropped 5 seats to the Tories, on a falloff in popular support of little more than 2 percent. Ontario also provided a net loss of 1 seat for the Liberals, and 2 more seats were lost in the Prai¬ ries. One of the Northern Territories seats was recovered by the Liberals, leaving them with a net gain of 2 seats. The Tories also suffered some reverses, de¬ spite advancing 2 seats overall. Gains were made in the Maritimes (5 seats) and the Prairies 72 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 (1 seat). Countering these gains were losses in Ontario (2 seats), British Columbia, and the Northern Territories (1 seat each). The ndp had an increase in popular vote of almost 5 percent, improving in every region. A gain of 3 seats was recorded in Ontario and 1 seat in Manitoba, while 9 seats were retained in British Columbia. However, the most notable changes took place in Social Credit. Divided into two wings, its dissident element in Quebec under the banner of Ralliement Creditiste lost 11 seats. In the west 1 seat was gained in British Columbia. (see table 3-10 at end of text) 1968 This election showed regional change and in¬ fluence in a way unlike many others. Restoring majority government to the Liberals for the first time since their 1953 victory, gains were made virtually across the board, with the major excep¬ tion of the Maritimes. Here, on a loss of just 6 percent of the popular vote, the Liberal delega¬ tion was cut from 15 to 7 seats, with the Tories acquiring all of the lost seats. Quebec and the Northern Territories were the only two regions which gave a majority of their popular vote to the Liberals. Ironically, there was no change in terms of seats gained for the Liberals in either region. I say “ironically” because one might have expected Trudeau, as a Quebec native son, to have increased his party’s share of seats as well as votes. Rather, Liberal gains, impressive as they were, took place to the west of Quebec. More than half of their gain took place in Ontario, where they picked up 13 seats. The Prairies showed the Liberals’ most significant advance, going from 1 to 11 seats, and 9 more seats were added in British Columbia. Notable in this re¬ gard were the Prairie Provinces, for the Liberals were never again to do as well there in terms of either seats or popular votes through 1988. The only region in which the Progressive Conservatives showed any significant and posi¬ tive improvement was in the Maritimes, where they were able to win a majority of the popu¬ lar vote and gain 7 seats. Elsewhere, with the exception of the Northern Territories, they lost seats, even though their vote remained rela¬ tively constant overall. The outcomes for the minor parties were similar to 1965, despite some fluidity in the vote. The ndp gained one seat overall, on the basis of losing 3 in Ontario and 2 in British Columbia, but gaining 6 in the Prairie Provinces, normally their strongest area. Despite this, their proportion of the vote declined marginally. Social Credit, with the splinter faction in Quebec gone, picked up 5 seats in that province, on a slightly lower share of the vote. However, it lost the 2 seats it had held in the Prairies and the 3 in British Columbia, largely by not contesting elections there. From this election forward, when the So- creds were to win at all, they would do so only in Quebec. (see table 3-11 at end of text) 1972 Once again a minority government was made necessary, under Liberal direction. The gov¬ ernment’s losses in the popular vote took place across the board in every region. Seats were gained only in the Maritime Provinces (3), but, with the exception of Quebec which held even, the losses were dramatic indeed. In Ontario the Progressive Conservatives were able to go from 17 to 40 seats, but the ndp profited there as well, picking up 5 additional seats from the Liberals. The Tories also made significant gains in the Prairie Provinces, picking up 9 seats. Four of these were in Alberta, where the Liberals were not to win any seats again through the rest of this period. An additional seat in the Prairies was lost to the Tories by the NDP. British Columbia was an especially bright spot for the Progressive Conservatives, as they won 8 of the 23 seats there, having won none at all in 1968. In this region the Liberals lost 12 seats, of which 4 went to the ndp. The only region where the Liberals were completely shut out was the Northern Territories, where they lost their 1 seat to the ndp, the first time that 73 : The Regional Results this region had given a seat to one of the minor parties. Social Credit contested more seats in more regions than it had in 1968, but won all 15 of its seats in Quebec on an increase of 8 percent in its share of the popular vote there. This was to be the most seats the Socreds would win through 1988. (see table 3-12 at end of text) 1974 With a majority government restored, the Lib¬ erals gained seats in all regions except for the Northern Territories. In the Maritimes their vote share increased almost 5 percent, and 3 addi¬ tional seats were secured. Quebec, the only re¬ gion to give the Liberals a majority of the popu¬ lar vote, was able to add 4 seats to the Liberal column. This apparently took place at the ex¬ pense of Social Credit, which lost an equivalent number of seats there. The critical role played by Ontario was demonstrated by an increase of almost 7 percent in the Liberal vote, resulting in a net gain of 19 seats there. Even the Prai¬ rie Provinces were able to add 2 more seats for the Liberals, bringing them up to 5, the most the Liberals had won there since 1968 or were to win again within this period. 6 However, this in¬ crease came about with only a marginal hike in the popular vote. British Columbia also gave the Liberals an increase of 4 seats and an improved share of the popular vote. While the Progressive Conservatives suf¬ fered a loss of 12 seats overall, their share of the popular vote actually increased marginally, including increases of roughly 4 percent in Que¬ bec, Ontario, and the Prairie Provinces. In this latter region they were able to show a majority of the popular vote in this election and subse¬ quent elections through 1984. Their greatest improvement was in British Columbia, where they added 5 seats on the basis of a vote share improvement of almost 9 percent. The minor parties suffered losses each in its own manner on a regional basis. Although the ndp lost 15 seats overall, they were able to gain one back in the Maritimes and retain the seat they held in the Northern Territories. Social Credit lost only 4 seats it had held in Quebec, but lost more than 7 percent of the popular vote there, in the only region in which it had been able to win seats since 1965. (see table 3-13 at end of text) 1979 With less than 36 percent of the popular vote, the Progressive Conservatives were able to win almost 50 percent of the seats, thereby cre¬ ating the need for another minority government. Hence, we have another example of a dispro¬ portionate share of seats being won so as to affect the election outcome. This was most obviously and importantly the case in Ontario, the region with more than one-third of all seats. On the basis of an im¬ provement of less than 7 percent in the vote, the Tories had a net gain of 32 seats, some of these coming about through the effects of redis¬ tribution, which had added 8 seats in Ontario. Similarly, an improvement of roughly 2 percent in the British Columbia vote for the Tories led to an increase there of 6 seats. However, despite an increase of almost 8 percent in their vote in Quebec, the Tories lost 1 seat, while the Liberals were able to profit from the effects of disproportionality there. In this region the Liberals picked up 7 seats, principally at the expense of Social Credit. The latter party actually had an overall vote increase, albeit only in Quebec, but lost 5 of its remaining seats. This was to be the last time in this period that Social Credit was to win seats. The ndp, on the basis of an improvement of less than 3 percent in its vote was able to win an additional 10 seats. One of these was in the Maritimes, 5 in the Prairies, and 6 in British Columbia, this total offset by a loss of 2 seats in Ontario. (see table 3-14 at end of text) 1980 The short-lived minority Tory government was replaced as a consequence of voting shifts to the Liberals in all but British Columbia. How- 74 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 ever, despite these shifts, the Liberals were unable to win more than 2 seats west of On¬ tario, and these in Manitoba. Thus, the Liberals, even more so than ever before, were a party of eastern Canada. In the Maritimes the Liberals were able to pick up the 2 seats won by the ndp in the 1979 elec¬ tion, as well as 5 which had been held by the Tories. It was in Quebec however, more so than in any other region, where the Liberal victory was put together. In the most massive sweep ever of that region, the Liberals won 74 of 75 seats on the strength of roughly two-thirds of the popular vote. And in Ontario the Liberals were able to reclaim 20 seats, 19 from the Tories and 1 from the ndp. Interestingly, although the Lib¬ erals had the highest vote share in the Northern Territories, they were were unable to win either of the seats there. The Progressive Conservatives, although having lost the election, could now make the unique claim of being a truly national party, as it was the only party able to win at least one seat in every region. Clearly, it was weakest in Quebec for the moment, but that was to be expected, since Quebec was normally a Liberal stronghold. The ndp, having lost its foothold of 2 seats in the Maritimes, was nonetheless able to im¬ prove its overall position by 6 seats. Unlike the Liberals, who were by now an eastern party, the ndp was able to win all of its seats west of Quebec. Although it lost a seat in Ontario, it gained 5 in the Prairie Provinces and 4 in British Columbia. Social Credit, on the other hand, having lost its seats in Quebec, was left with¬ out representation in Commons for the first time since the 1958 election. This was only the sec¬ ond time in its history that this had happened, but it established a pattern for future elections, (see table 3-15 at end of text) 1984 The massive post-Trudeau sweep by the Pro¬ gressive Conservatives took place in all regions of the country, reinforcing at least for a time their claim of being a national party. Vote majorities were achieved in the Maritimes, Quebec, and the Prairie Provinces, while they won a majority of seats in all regions. While the Tories had typically displayed some measure of strength in all regions in the past, nowhere was their victory quite so startling, or so dramatic a turnaround, as that in Que¬ bec. Four years earlier they had won just 1 seat there, on the strength of less than 13 per¬ cent of the vote. Now, led by native son and French speaker Brian Mulroney, they were able to win a majority of votes and 58 of the 75 seats. They also almost doubled their representation from the Maritimes, from 13 to 25 seats, on the strength of an improvement of almost 17 percent in the vote. In Ontario they were able to leave the Liberals with just one more seat than the ndp. The Prairie Provinces provided the Tories with a net gain of 6 seats, and British Columbia added 3 more to their total. The Liberals, reduced to even fewer seats than they had held after the 1958 election, clearly showed weakness in all regions. Once again they were barely able to make much of a showing west of Ontario, winning only 1 seat in Manitoba and less than one-sixth of the popu¬ lar vote in the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia. Considering the breadth and scope of the Tory sweep, the ndp’s loss of only 2 seats is somewhat surprising. Again, it was unable to win east of Ontario, but in that province it gained 8 seats, leaving it scarcely behind the Liberals there. This was offset by losses of 5 seats in the Prairies, 4 in British Columbia, and 1 in the Northern Territories. (see table 3-16 at end of text) 1988 As the initial election returns came in, it ap¬ peared that the Liberals, if not winning a ma¬ jority government, were at last healthy again, given their comeback in the Maritimes. From having only 7 of the 32 seats there with a vote share of about a third, they improved to 20 seats and 46 percent of the vote. This was, however, to be the only region in which they fared so well. 75 : The Regional Results The Tories suffered losses in all regions ex¬ cept for Quebec, where they gained five seats to 63, along with a marginal increase in the popu¬ lar vote. It must be borne in mind that Quebec was typically a Liberal bastion, and as recently as 1980 had given only one of its 75 seats to the Tories. It would seem that the combination of native son and francophone Brian Mulroney, plus widespread approval of the Free Trade Treaty with the United States, provided the basis for the Tories' victory there. Not only did the Liberals do poorly in Quebec, but the ndp was apparently able to capture some of the the Tories’ support, showing an increase of more than 5 percent in its popular vote. Elsewhere, the Tories suffered losses in the remaining regions, notably Ontario (down 21 seats and 24 percent in the vote) and British Columbia (down 7 seats and 32 percent in the vote). However, they were able to minimize their seat losses sufficiently so as to guarantee them¬ selves a comfortable majority. Despite a marginal increase in its popular vote, finally (but barely) breaking the 20 percent barrier, the ndp was able to score increases in its share of seats from 30 to 43. This occurred principally in British Columbia, where the party went from 8 to 19 seats, and in the Prairie Prov¬ inces (from 9 to 13 seats). Finally, Social Credit all but disappeared, running 6 of its 9 candi¬ dates in Quebec, doing poorly in every instance, (see table 3-17 at end of text) The Individual Regions 7 The Maritimes This region has been one of the more com¬ petitive in Canada, especially for the two major parties. The Liberals have generally been domi¬ nant, but both parties have profited, on average, from receiving a proportion of seats of less than 5 percent of the proportion of votes received. Hence, despite the occasional variation, there has not been a history of a disproportionate result. Third parties have not fared especially well here, although the ccf/ndp has had occasional successes, winning 1 seat in each of six elec¬ tions, and 2 in another. Social Credit was unable to win a single seat in this region and never won as much as 3 percent of the popular vote. That the region is competitive is evidenced by the fact that only in this and the Prairie Prov¬ inces did either major party (the Liberals in both cases) contest every seat in every election. The Progressive Conservatives contested just 3 fewer seats than did the Liberals in these 17 elections. In 7 straight elections, starting with 1968, the ndp also fielded a candidate in every contest. On the other hand, electoral margins have changed rather dramatically. On average, about 40 percent of all contests have been decided by margins of less than 10 percent. However, since 1972 this margin has dropped to 25 per¬ cent, while almost half the contests have been decided by 20 percent or more. (see tables 3-18, 3-19, and 3-20 at end of text) Quebec These data are included only for purposes of comparison. Since the data are the same, the reader is referred to chapter 8 for a more extended discussion. (see tables 3-21,3-22, and 3-23 at end of text) Ontario These data are included only for purposes of comparison. Since the data are the same, the reader is referred to chapter 9 for a more extended discussion. (see tables 3-24, 3-25, and 3-26 at end of text) The Prairie Provinces In a broad sense, this can be termed a highly competitive region, and not just for the two major parties. At the outset, for a period last¬ ing through several elections, the Liberals were clearly dominant, although the other three par¬ ties were never without representation. How¬ ever, starting with the Diefenbaker election of 1957, the Liberals have been in a period of long¬ term decline. 8 Indeed, of the two major parties as well as the ccf/ndp, they are the only party to be completely denied representation in an election (1958). And, we should point out, of all the parties, they are the only one to have 76 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 contested every election in this period. Clearly, a significant factor which had made this region so competitive has been the pres¬ ence of the two minor parties, each with its own broad base of support. Only here and in British Columbia has this been the case, although British Columbia was less supportive of Social Credit at the national level. However, the label of “region” masks certain inherent differences between each province. Alberta, for instance, has had a markedly lower level of voter sup¬ port for the ccf/ndp than have Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Only in 1988 was the first ndp Member of Parliament elected by Alberta. For that matter, Manitoba has never elected any So- creds to federal office. Yet each province has elected members of all parties to its legislative assembly. It is in these Prairie Provinces that we find the “home” of the two minor parties. 9 Alberta, as shall be seen in chapter 12, is where Social Credit got its start, and the ccf/ndp has been strongest from the outset in Saskatchewan, a point which is made clearer in chapter 11. Hence, we find that the minor parties have con¬ tested a far greater proportion of seats here than elsewhere. For that matter, the ccf/ndp in this region has actually contested more seats than have the Tories. Given all this, we find that the Prairies have somewhat more competitive elections, in terms of not only seats won but also electoral margins than is typically found elsewhere. (see tables 3-27, 3-28, and 3-29 at end of text) British Columbia These data are included only for purposes of comparison. Since the data are the same, the reader is referred to chapter 13 for a more extended discussion. (see tables 3-30, 3-31, and 3-32 at end of text) The Northern Territories Although the largest region in terms of sheer size, this area is the least represented, a natural consequence of its small population. Until the distinction was made which led to the Northwest Territories being represented separately, the data presented are those for the Yukon alone. The results of a recent redistribution added an additional Member of Parliament for the North¬ west Territories. Initially a bastion of support for the Tories, the Northern Territories have, on the whole, been competitive in terms of votes received and electoral margins, if not always in terms of the way they have resulted in seats won. On a strict average vote per party, it would appear that this is the most competitive region, as the two major parties are divided by less than 1 percent. However, the Tories have won twice as many seats as have the Liberals, another example of the disproportionality problem. Of the minor parties, only the ndp has been able to win any seats. Social Credit entered very few contests in this period and was not able to translate its votes into a consistent base of support sufficient to win any contests. (see tables 3-33, 3-34, and 3-35 at end of text) Notes 1. Howard A. Scarrow, Canada Votes: A Handbook of Federal and Provincial Election Data (New Orleans: Hauser Press, 1962), tables 73 and 74, pp. 234 and 237. 2. Douglas W. Rae, The Political Consequences of Elec¬ toral Laws, rev. ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), p. 48. 3. On this point, see Alan C. Cairns, "The Electoral System and the Party System in Canada," Canadian Journal of Political Science 1 (March 1968), 59tf. 4. A useful and provocative collection of essays on various aspects of this election can be found in John A. Meisel, ed., Papers on the 1962 Election (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964). 5. On the basis of the support for Social Credit in Quebec, see Maurice Pinard, The Rise of a Third Party: A Study in Crisis Politics (Englewood Cliffs. N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1971). See also Graham White, "One-Party Dominance and Third Parties: The Pinard Theory Reconsidered." Canadian Journal of Political Science 6 (September 1973), 399-421, and Pinard's rejoinder, "Third Parties in Canada Revisited: A Rejoinder and Elaboration of the Theory of One-Party Dominance,” ibid.. 439-60. 6. On this decline of the Liberals, see David E. Smith. The Regional Decline of a National Party: Liberals on the Prairies (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981). 7. A useful bibliography on each region and province, the Northern Territories excepted, can be found in Dyck, op cit., 587-616. 8 See Smith, op. cit. 9. See Seymour Martin Lipset. Agrarian Socialism, 2d ed (Garden City, N Y.: Doubleday. 1968). 77 : The Regional Results Table 3-1 1935—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party _ Conservative _ _ Liberal _ CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 1 3.8 167,640 32.8 25 96.2 278,628 54.5 Quebec 5 7.7 322,794 28.2 55 84.6 623,579 54.4 7,326 0.6 Ontario 25 30.5 562,513 35.3 56 68.3 680,417 42.7 127,927 8.0 Prairie Provinces 3 5.5 180,888 20.4 31 56.4 305,547 35.3 4 7.3 158,917 18.4 British Columbia 5 31.3 71,034 24.6 6 37.5 91,729 31.8 3 18.8 225,011 33.5 Northern Territories 1 100.0 696 55.6 555 44.4 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 40 16.3 1,305,565 29.6 173 70.6 1,980,455 44.9 7 2.9 391,185 8.9 Rejected Total Votes Cast ’Includes Independents and others. Table 3-2 1940- -Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % New Brunswick 6 23.1 215,204 41.6 19 73.1 271,561 52.5 1 3.8 18,476 3.6 Quebec 1 1.5 231,824 19.8 61 93.8 741,945 63.3 7,610 0.6 Ontario 25 30.5 687,816 42.7 57 69.5 818,154 50.8 61,166 3.8 Prairie Provinces 3 5.5 169,852 17.7 34 61.8 413,070 43.1 6 10.9 202,797 21.2 British Columbia 4 25.0 110,619 30.5 10 62.5 135,920 37.4 1 6.3 103,181 28.4 Northern Territories 1 100.0 915 53.6 793 46.4 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 40 16.3 1,416,230 30.7 181 73.9 2,381,443 51.5 8 3.3 393,230 8.5 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. 78 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 64,709 12.7 26 510,977 5 7.7 192,765 16.8 65 1,146,746 1 1.2 223,390 14.0 82 1,594,247 17 30.9 173,132 35.9 46,591 9.7 55 865,075 1,796 0.3 2 12.5 27,209 4.1 16 288,783 1 1,251 17 6.9 174,928 4.0 8 3.3 554,664 12.6 245 4,406,809 45,821 4,452,630 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 11,896 2.3 26 517,137 10,781 0.9 3 4.6 179,337 15.3 65 1,171,497 786 0.1 41,492 2.6 82 1,609,414 10 18.2 111,201 11.6 2 3.6 60,440 6.3 55 957,360 506 0.1 1 6.3 12,918 3.6 16 363,144 1 1,708 10 4.1 123,274 2.7 6 2.4 306,083 6.6 245 4,620,260 52,271 4,672,531 79 : The Regional Results Table 3-3 1945—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 6 23.1 221.464 38.5 19 73.1 273,546 47.5 1 3.8 69,576 12. Quebec 2 3.1 118,933 8.4 53 81.5 717,776 50.8 33,450 2, Ontario 48 58.5 756,762 41.7 34 41.5 745,571 41.1 260,502 14.. Prairie Provinces 5 9.1 209,210 20.7 14 25.5 302,869 30.0 23 41.8 326,202 32.: British Columbia 5 31.3 128,529 30.0 5 31.3 117,737 27.5 4 25.0 125,945 29, Northern Territories 1 100.0 849 40.0 584 27. Totals and % Seats,'Valid Votes 67 27.3 1,435,747 27.4 125 51.0 2,157,499 41.1 28 11.4 816,259 15. Rejected Total Votes Cast ' Includes Independents and others. Table 3-4 1949- -Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 7 20.6 276,606 37.7 26 76.5 406,764 55.4 1 2.9 44,606 6. Quebec 2 2.7 392,530 24.6 68 93.2 961,974 60.4 17,767 1 . Ontario 25 30.1 757,210 37.4 56 67.5 924,231 45.7 1 1.2 306,551 15. Prairie Provinces 4 7.5 181,260 17.6 31 58.5 432,391 41.9 8 11.0 266,904 25. British Columbia 3 16.7 128,620 27.9 11 61.1 169,018 36.7 3 16.7 145,442 31. Northern Territories 1 100.0 3,284 49.0 1,140 17. Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 41 15.6 1,736,226 29.7 193 73.7 2,897,662 49.5 13 5.0 782,410 13. Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents and others 80 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2,300 0.4 9,073 1.6 26 575,959 63,310 4.5 10 15.4 480,700 34.0 65 1,414,169 3,906 0.1 48,226 2.7 82 1,814,967 13 23.6 135,592 13.4 36,601 3.6 55 1,010,474 9,890 2.3 2 12.5 46,340 10.8 16 428,441 687 32.4 1 2,120 13 5.3 214,998 4.1 12 4.9 621,627 11.8 245 5,246,130 59,063 5,305,193 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 5,789 0.8 34 733,765 80,990 5.1 3 4.1 140,039 8.8 73 1,593,300 3,225 0.1 1 1.2 30,957 1.5 83 2,022,174 10 18.9 129,883 12.6 21,519 2.1 53 1,031,957 2,109 0.5 1 5.6 15,879 3.4 18 461,068 2,283 34.0 1 6,707 10 3.8 216,207 3.7 5 1.9 216,466 3.7 262 5,848,971 54,601 5,903,572 81 : The Regional Results Table 3-5 1953—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 5 15.2 289,844 39.5 27 81.8 402,404 54.9 1 3.0 30,385 4.1 Quebec 4 5.3 454,052 29.4 66 88.0 944,071 61.0 23,833 1.5 Ontario 33 38.8 772,691 40.3 51 60.0 898,476 46.9 1 1.2 212,224 11.1 Prairie Provinces 6 12.5 164,632 17.0 17 35.4 362,209 37.5 14 29.2 244,381 25.3 British Columbia 3 13.6 66,426 14.1 8 36.4 145,570 30.9 7 31.8 125,487 26.6 Northern Territories 1,934 26.7 2 100.0 3,898 53.8 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 51 19.2 1,749,579 31.0 171 64.5 2,756,628 48.9 23 8.7 636,310 11.3 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. Table 3-6 1957- -Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 21 63.6 381,496 48.6 12 36.4 377,564 48.1 20,119 2.6 Quebec 9 12.0 557,356 31.1 62 82.7 1,030,354 57.6 31,780 1.6 Ontario 61 71.8 1,104,024 48.8 21 24.7 839,894 37.1 3 3.5 274,069 12.1 Prairie Provinces 14 29.2 333,451 28.6 6 12.5 328,352 28.2 15 68.2 249,818 21 A British Columbia 7 31.8 192,988 32.6 2 9.1 121,301 20.5 7 31.8 131,873 22 .c Northern Territories 3,611 41.4 2 100.0 5,108 58.6 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 112 42.3 2,572,926 38.9 105 39.6 2,702,573 40.9 25 9.4 707,659 10.7 Rejected Total Votes Cast . 1 1ncludes Independents and others. 82 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % 1 Slumbei ■ % Number % Seats Votes 931 0.1 9,570 1.3 33 733,134 5 6.7 124,817 8.1 75 1,546,773 5,427 0.1 26,602 1.4 85 1,915,420 11 22.9 174,917 18.1 21,032 2.2 48 967,171 4 18.2 123,278 26.1 10,762 2.3 22 471,523 998 13.8 421 5.8 2 7,251 15 5.7 305,551 5.4 5 1.9 193,204 3.4 265 5,641,272 60,691 5,701,963 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2,893 0.4 3,159 0.4 33 785,231 3,877 0.2 4 5.3 166,693 9.3 75 1,790,060 38,418 1.7 8,166 0.4 85 2,264,571 13 27.1 248,330 21.3 5,909 0.5 48 1,165,860 6 27.3 143,145 24.2 2,232 0.4 22 591,539 2 8,719 19 7.2 436,663 6.6 4 1.5 186,159 2.8 265 6,605,980 74,710 6,680,690 83 : The Regional Results Table 3-7 1958—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 25 75.8 486,550 54.5 8 24.2 380,130 42.6 23,907 2.7 Quebec 50 66.7 1,003,276 49.6 25 33.3 924,090 45.7 45,594 2.3 Ontario 67 78.8 1,413,730 56.4 15 17.6 815,524 32.6 3 3.5 262,120 10.5 Prairie Provinces 47 97.9 691,079 56.2 222,154 18.1 1 2.1 207,372 16.9 British Columbia 18 81.8 308,971 49.4 100,889 16.1 4 18.2 153,405 24.5 Northern Territories 1 50.0 5,027 48.9 1 50.0 5,122 49.9 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 208 78.5 3,908,633 53.6 49 18.5 2,447,909 33.6 8 3.0 692,398 9.5 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. Table 3-8 1962- -Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 18 54.5 407.659 45.4 14 42.4 411,869 45.9 1 3.0 64,301 7.2 Quebec 14 18.7 617,762 29.6 35 46.7 818,760 39.2 91,795 4.4 Ontario 35 41.2 1.056,095 39.3 44 51.8 1,122,222 41.8 6 7.1 456,459 17.0 Prairie Provinces 42 87.5 589,908 44.9 1 4.5 312,453 23.8 3 13.6 214,849 16.3 British Columbia 6 27.3 187,389 27.3 4 18.2 187,438 27.3 10 45.5 212,035 30.9 Northern Territories 1 50.0 6,769 47.6 1 50.0 6,506 45.7 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 116 43.8 2,865,582 37.3 99 37.4 2,859,248 37.2 20 7.5 1,039,439 13.5 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents and others. 84 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1,711 0.2 263 0.0 33 892,561 12,858 0.6 38,431 1.9 75 2,024,249 8,386 0.3 4,753 0.2 85 2,504,513 105,639 8.6 3,917 0.3 48 1,230,161 59,762 9.6 2,515 0.4 22 625,542 122 1.2 2 10,271 188,356 2.6 50,001 0.7 265 7,287,297 69,842 7,357,139 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes 'lumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 13,091 1.5 441 0.0 33 897,361 26 34.7 542,433 26.0 19,173 0.9 75 2,089,923 49,734 1.9 3,135 0.1 85 2,687,645 2 4.2 192,972 14.7 4,611 0.4 48 1,314,793 2 9.1 97,396 14.2 1,931 0.3 22 686,189 948 6.7 2 14,223 30 11.3 896,574 11.7 29,291 0.4 265 7,690,134 82,522 7,772,656 85 : The Regional Results Table 3-9 1963—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number < Maritime Provinces 13 39.4 375,629 42.6 20 60.6 439,692 49.9 43,020 Quebec 8 10.7 413,562 19.5 47 62.7 966,172 45.6 151,061 Ontario 27 31.8 979,359 35.3 52 61.2 1,286,791 46.3 6 7.1 442,340 11 Prairie Provinces 41 85.4 642,780 47.0 3 6.3 357,125 26.1 2 4.2 178,553 i: British Columbia 4 18.2 172,501 23.4 7 31.8 237,896 32.3 9 40.9 222,883 31 Northern Territories 2 100.0 7,783 53.8 6,114 42.3 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 95 35.8 2,591,614 32.8 129 48.7 3,293,790 41.7 17 6.4 1,037,857 i: Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. Table 3-10 1965- —Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number < Maritime Provinces 18 54.5 392,041 44.6 15 45.5 416,019 47.4 64,007 Quebec 8 10.7 432,901 21.2 57 76.0 928,530 45.6 244,339 i: Ontario 25 29.4 933,753 34.0 51 60.0 1,196,308 43.6 9 10.6 594,112 2 Prairie Provinces 42 87.5 595,241 45.3 1 2.1 333,196 25.4 3 6.3 239,637 ii British Columbia 3 13.6 139,226 19.2 7 31.8 217,726 30.0 9 40.9 239,132 3; Northern Territories 1 50.0 6,751 45.2 1 50.0 7,740 51.9 431 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 97 36.6 2,499,913 32.4 132 49.8 3,099,519 40.2 21 7.9 1,381,658 r Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Includes Independents and Others 86 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 21,451 2.4 1,943 0.2 33 881,735 20 26.7 578,347 27.3 8,903 0.4 75 2,118,045 56,276 2.0 11,896 0.4 85 2,776,662 2 4.2 186,223 13.6 2,524 0.2 48 1,367,205 2 9.1 97,846 13.3 4,846 0.7 22 735,972 560 3.9 2 14,457 24 9.1 940,703 11.9 30,112 0.4 265 7,894,076 64,560 7,958,636 Soc. Cred./Ral. Cred. Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number ■ % Number % Seats Votes 3,785 0.4 2,271 0.3 33 878,123 9 12.0 357,153 17.5 1 1.3 74,389 3.7 75 2,037,312 10,995 0.4 8,615 0.3 85 2,743,783 2 4.2 143,427 10.9 1,691 0.1 48 1,313,192 3 13.6 126,532 17.4 3,368 0.5 22 725,984 2 14,922 14 5.3 641,892 8.3 1 90,334 1.2 265 7,713,316 83,412 7,796,728 87 : The Regional Results Table 3-11 1968—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 25 78.1 422,054 52.8 7 21.9 331,208 41.4 43,631 5. Quebec 4 5.0 466,492 21.4 56 70.0 1,170,417 53.6 6 7.1 164,466 7. Ontario 17 20.0 942,979 32.0 64 75.3 1,372,903 46.6 3 6.1 607,011 20. Prairie Provinces 25 51.0 562,933 40.8 11 22.4 479,402 34.8 13 81.3 300,635 21. British Columbia 155,101 19.4 16 100.0 333.949 41.8 260,989 32. Northern Territories 1 50.0 5,321 33.4 1 50.0 9,066 57.0 1,528 9. Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 72 27.3 2,554,880 31.4 155 58.7 3,696,945 45.5 22 8.3 1,378,260 17. Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents and others. Table 3-12 1972- —Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 22 68.8 451,191 49.7 10 31.3 357,128 39.4 76,169 8. Quebec 2 2.7 457,418 17.4 56 75.7 1,289,139 49.1 168,910 6. Ontario 40 45.5 1,399,148 39.1 36 40.9 1,366.922 38.2 11 12.5 768,076 21. Prairie Provinces 34 75.6 753.849 47.5 3 6.7 423.847 26.7 8 17.8 361,480 22. British Columbia 8 34.8 313,253 33.0 4 17.4 274,468 28.9 11 47.8 332,345 35. Northern Territories 1 50.0 8,671 39.0 6,754 30.4 1 50.0 6,548 29. Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 107 40.5 3,383,530 35.0 109 41.3 3,718.258 38.5 31 11.7 1,713,528 17 Rejected Total Votes Cast . 1 Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 88 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Ral. Cred. Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1,769 0.2 1,240 0.2 32 799,902 14 17.5 358,327 16.4 24,590 1.1 80 2,184,292 1 1.2 25,599 0.9 85 2,948,492 949 0.1 34,734 2.5 49 1,378,653 48,703 6.1 16 798,742 2 15,915 14 5.3 361,045 4.4 1 0.4 134,866 1.7 264 8,125,996 91,920 8,217,916 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 18,087 2.0 4,702 0.5 32 907,277 15 20.3 639,207 24.4 1 1.4 70,362 2.7 74 2,625,036 12,937 0.4 1 1.1 30,969 0.9 88 3,578,052 42,634 2.7 4,800 0.3 45 1,586,610 25,107 2.6 3,116 0.3 23 948,289 252 1.1 2 22,225 15 5.7 737,972 7.6 2 0.8 '114,201 1.2 264 9,667,489 307,172 9,974,661 89 : The Regional Results Table 3-13 1974—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 17 53.1 383,225 42.3 13 40.6 401,536 44.3 1 3.1 87,450 9.( Quebec 3 4.1 520,632 21.2 60 81.1 1,330,337 54.1 162,080 6.1 Ontario 25 28.4 1,252,082 35.1 55 62.5 1,609,786 45.1 8 9.1 680,113 19. Prairie Provinces 36 80.0 781,258 50.6 5 21.7 418,725 27.1 4 17.4 298,530 19.1 British Columbia 13 56.5 423,954 41.9 8 34.8 336,435 33.3 2 8.7 232,547 23.1 Northern Territories 1 50.0 8,184 38.7 5,957 28.1 1 50.0 7,028 33.: Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 95 36.0 3.369,335 35.4 141 53.4 4,102,776 43.2 16 6.1 1,467,748 15, Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 3-14 1979- —Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 18 56.3 422,137 41.0 12 37.5 409,804 39.8 2 6.3 195,404 19j Quebec 2 2.7 432,199 13.5 67 89.3 1,975,526 61.7 163,492 5. Ontario 57 60.0 1,732,717 41.8 32 33.7 1,509,926 36.4 6 6.3 873,182 21. Prairie Provinces 38 77.6 984,178 53.0 2 4.1 415,338 22.4 9 18.4 427,097 23. British Columbia 1 19 67.9 530,380 44.3 1 3.6 274,946 23.0 8 28.6 381,678 31. Northern Territories 2 66.7 9,948 36.9 8,779 32.6 1 33.3 7,926 29. Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 136 48.2 4,111,559 35.9 114 40 4 4,594,319 40.1 26 9.2 2,048,779 17. Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows a total of 298 more votes for the Progressive Conservatives. However, the total vote Is in agreement with that reported. 2|ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 90 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 10,007 1.1 1 3.1 24,194 2.7 32 906,412 11 14.9 420,018 17.1 25,608 1.0 74 2,458,675 6,575 0.2 16,981 0.5 88 3,565,537 32,198 2.1 12,523 0.8 45 1,543,234 12,433 1.2 5,512 0.5 23 1,010,881 2 21,169 11 4.2 481,231 5.1 1 0.4 84,818 0.9 264 9,505,908 165,094 9,671,002 Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2,141 0.2 32 1,029,486 6 8.0 512,995 16.0 119,817 3.7 75 3,204,029 1,002 0.1 26,168 0.6 95 4,142,995 11,722 0.6 18,019 1.0 49 1,856,354 1,885 0.2 7,023 0.6 28 1,195,912 273 1.0 3 26,926 6 2.1 527,604 4.6 173,441 1.5 282 11,455,702 85,298 11,541,000 91 : The Regional Results Table 3-15 1980—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 13 40.6 376,167 36.6 19 59.4 462,979 45.1 180,851 17.1 Quebec 1 1.3 373,317 12.6 74 98.7 2,017,156 68.2 268,409 9. Ontario 38 40.0 1,420.436 35.5 52 54.7 1,675,519 41.9 5 5.3 874,229 21.! Prairie Provinces 33 67.3 873,062 50.6 2 4.1 420,371 24.3 14 28.6 406,497 23.! British Columbia 16 57.1 502,088 41.5 268,262 22.2 12 42.9 426,858 35.: Northern Territories 2 66.7 7,924 30.6 9,627 37.2 1 33.3 8,143 31.! Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 103 36.5 3.552,994 32.5 147 52.1 4,853,914 44.3 32 11.3 2,164,987 19.: Rejected Total Votes Cast ’Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 3-16 1984- —Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative Liberal NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 25 78.1 612,884 53.2 7 21.9 393,133 34.1 142,252 12. Quebec 58 77.3 1,728,196 50.2 17 22.7 1,2,19,124 35.4 301,928 8. Ontario 67 70.5 2,113,187 47.6 14 14.7 1,323,835 29.8 13 13.7 921,504 20. Prairie Provinces 39 79.6 1,141,291 55.5 1 2.0 337,211 16.4 9 18.4 484,505 23. British Columbia 19 67.9 668.432 46.6 1 3.6 235,394 16.4 8 28.6 502,331 35. Northern Territories 3 1 00.0 14,707 47.1 7,789 25.0 7,395 23. Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 211 74.8 6,278,697 50.0 40 14.2 3,516,486 28.0 30 10.6 2,359,915 18. Rejected Total Votes Cast ■ 1 1ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 92 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 7,225 0.7 32 1,027,222 174,583 5.9 123,577 4.2 75 2,957,042 804 0.1 29,853 0.7 95 4,000,841 8,336 0.5 18,857 1.1 49 1,727,123 1,763 0.1 10,841 0.9 28 1,209,812 180 0.7 3 25,874 185,486 1.7 190,533 1.7 282 10,947,914 67,600 11,015,514 Social Credit Other 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 102 0.1 4,144 0.4 32 1,152,515 6,633 0.2 184,479 5.4 75 3,440,360 865 0.1 1 1.1 76,020 1.7 95 4,435,411 5,965 0.3 87,201 4.2 49 2,056,173 3,094 0.2 23,797 1.7 28 1,433,048 1,323 4.2 3 31,214 16,659 0.1 1 0.4 376,964 3.0 282 12,548,721 89,703 12,638,424 93 : The Regional Results Table 3-17 1988—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, by Region and Party Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Maritime Provinces 12 37.5 491,280 41.1 20 62.5 550,586 46.0 127,741 10.7 Quebec 63 84.0 1,841,311 52.7 12 16.0 1,057,876 30.3 487,971 14.0 Ontario 46 46.5 1,788,118 38.2 43 43.4 1,819,087 38.9 10 10.1 940,121 20.1 Prairie Provinces 36 66.7 991,263 44.5 5 9.3 451,540 20.3 13 24.1 548,416 24.6 British Columbia 12 37.5 527,767 34.4 1 3.1 326,801 21.3 19 59.4 567,732 37.0 Northern Territories 10,109 29.7 2 66.7 10,221 30.1 1 33.3 12,587 37.0 Totals and % Seats/Valid Votes 169 57.3 5,649,848 42.9 83 28.1 4,216,111 32.0 43 14.6 2,684,568 20.4 Rejected Total Votes Cast 1 1ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 3—18 Year Maritime Provinces—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 1 3.8 167,640 32.8 25 96.2 278,628 54.5 18,408 3.6 1940 6 23.1 215,204 41.6 19 73.1 271,561 52.5 1 3.8 18,476 3.6 1945 6 23.1 221,464 38.5 19 73.1 273,546 47.5 1 3.8 69,576 12.1 1949 7 20.6 276,606 37.7 26 76.5 406,764 55.4 1 2.9 44,606 6.1 1953 5 15.2 289,844 39.5 27 81.8 402,404 54.9 1 3.0 30,385 4.1 1957 21 63.6 381,496 48.6 12 36.4 377,564 48.1 20,119 2.6 1958 25 75.8 486,550 54.5 8 24.2 380,130 42.6 23,907 2.7 1962 18 54.5 407,659 45.4 14 42.4 411,869 45.9 1 3.0 64,301 7.2 1963 13 39.4 375,629 42.6 20 60.6 439,692 49.9 43,020 4.9 1965 18 54.5 392,041 44.6 15 45.5 416,019 47.4 64,007 7.3 1968 25 78.1 422,054 52.8 7 21.9 331,208 41.4 43,631 5.5 1972 22 68.8 451,191 49.7 10 31.3 357,128 39.4 • 76,169 8.4 1974 17 54.8 383,225 41.2 13 41.9 401,536 43.2 87,450 9.4 1979 18 56.3 422,137 41.0 12 37.5 409,804 39.8 2 6.3 195,404 19.0 1980 13 39.4 376,167 36.6 19 57.6 462,979 45.1 1 3.0 180,851 17.6 1984 25 78.1 612,884 53.2 7 21.9 393,133 34.1 142,252 12.3 1988 12 37.5 491,280 41.1 20 62.5 550,586 46.0 127,741 10.7 Total and Means 252 47.2 43.6 273 51.1 46.3 8 1.5 8.1 'CCF through 1958 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others 94 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 26,402 2.2 32 1,196,009 2,070 0.1 107,183 3.1 75 3,496,411 168 0.1 133,605 2.9 99 4,681,099 234,583 10.5 54 2,225,802 1,169 0.1 111,548 7.3 32 1,535,017 1,088 3.2 3 34,005 3,407 0.0 614,409 4.7 295 13,168,343 105,339 13,258,046 Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 46,301 9.1 26 510,977 11,896 2.3 26 517,137 2,300 0.4 9,073 1.6 26 575,959 5,789 0.8 34 733,765 931 0.1 9,570 1.3 33 733,134 2,893 0.4 3,159 0.4 33 785,231 1,711 0.2 263 0.0 33 892,561 13,091 1.5 441 0.0 33 897,361 21,451 2.4 1,943 0.2 33 881,735 3,785 0.4 2,271 0.3 33 878,123 1,769 0.2 1,240 0.2 32 799,902 18,087 2.0 4,702 0.5 32 907,277 10,007 1.1 1 3.2 48,152 5.2 31 930,370 2,141 0.2 32 1,029,486 7,225 0.7 33 1,027,222 102 0 4,144 0.4 32 1,152,515 26,402 2.2 32 1,196,009 0.5 1 0.2 1.5 534 95 : The Regional Results Table 3-19 Maritime Provinces—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-1988, by Year and Party Total Pr °9- Cons - Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candi . changing Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935 26 25 1 19 26 6 19 11 25 87 19 1940 26 26 1 5 26 19 6 7 1 2 61 6 1945 26 25 4 1 2 26 18 2 1 24 1 1 6 82 3 1949 34 34 4 34 7 18 86 11 1953 33 33 6 33 20 6 14 3 83 6 1957 33 32 16 33 12 15 12 77 16 1958 33 33 21 33 8 9 1 76 1962 33 33 18 7 33 8 6 27 17 110 6 1963 33 33 6 33 14 6 23 1 90 6 1965 33 33 33 15 25 5 4 100 1968 1 32 32 7 32 5 7 32 5 101 7 1972 32 32 22 3 32 7 3 32 15 2 113 3 1974 32 32 17 5 32 10 3 32 1 14 8 118 4 1979 32 32 15 2 32 11 32 1 96 1 1980 32 32 13 32 13 6 32 2 23 119 6 1984 32 32 13 12 32 7 12 32 12 108 12 1988 2 32 32 11 10 32 3 10 32 32 128 10 Totals 534 531 136 45 60 534 176 68 41 394 1 3 2 57 119 1,635 116 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 28 seats which are comparable to the previous election. 2Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 25 seats which are comparable to the previous election. Table 3-21 Quebec—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 5 7.7 322,794 28.2 55 84.6 623,591 54.4 7,326 Of 1940 1 1.5 231,824 19.8 61 93.8 741,945 63.3 7,610 Of 1945 2 3.1 118,933 8.4 53 81.5 717,776 50.8 33,450 2 A 1949 2 2.7 392,530 24.6 68 93.2 961,974 60.4 17,767 1.1 1953 4 5.3 454,052 29.4 66 88.0 944,071 61.0 23,833 1.E 1957 9 12.0 557,356 31.1 62 82.7 1,030,354 57.6 31,780 IT 1958 50 66.7 1,003,276 49.6 25 33.3 924,090 45.7 ' 45,594 2.C 1962 14 18.7 617,762 29.6 35 46.7 818,760 39.2 91,795 4 A 1963 8 10.7 413,562 19.5 47 62.7 966,172 45.6 151,061 7.1 1965 8 10.7 432,901 21.2 56 74.7 928,530 45.6 244,339 12.G 1968 4 5.4 466,492 21.4 56 75.7 1,170,417 53.6 164,466 7.! 1972 2 2.7 457,418 17.4 56 75.7 1,289,139 49.1 168,910 6.' 1974 3 4.1 520,632 21.2 60 81.1 1,330,337 54.1 162,080 6.( 1979 2 2.7 432,199 13.5 67 89.3 1,975,526 61.7 163,492 5. 1980 1 1.3 373,317 12.6 74 98.7 2,017,156 68.2 268,409 9. 1984 58 77.3 1,728,196 50.2 17 22.7 1,219,124 35.4 301,928 8.1 1988 63 84.0 1,841,311 52.7 12 16.0 1,057,876 30.3 487,971 14.i Totals and Means 236 19.0 26.5 870 70.2 51.5 5, 'CCF through 1958 includes Ralliement Creditiste, for 1965 and 1968 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and othei 96 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 3-20 Maritime Provinces—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-1988 Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 19.2 3.8 19.2 7.7 11.5 38.5 26 1940 23.1 26.9 11.5 3.8 23.1 11.5 26 1945 38.5 11.5 19.2 11.5 3.8 15.4 26 1949 29.4 20.6 5.9 2.9 11.8 29.4 34 1953 24.2 18.2 15.2 6.1 9.1 27.3 33 1957 27.3 30.3 15.2 9.1 3.0 15.2 33 1958 12.1 15.2 18.2 12.1 24.2 18.2 33 1962 30.3 30.3 15.2 9.1 3.0 12.1 33 1963 24.2 30.3 15.2 3.0 6.1 21.2 33 1965 21.2 12.1 27.3 18.2 0.0 21.2 33 1968 18.8 12.5 25.0 18.8 9.4 15.6 32 1972 3.1 15.6 9.4 21.9 18.8 31.3 32 1974 6.3 21.9 25.0 15.6 12.5 18.8 32 1979 15.6 6.3 21.9 6.3 15.6 34.4 32 1980 21.9 6.3 31.3 6.3 6.3 28.1 32 1984 12.5 15.6 18.8 6.3 3.1 43.8 32 1988 28.1 31.3 15.6 3.1 6.3 15.6 32 Totals 111 97 97 51 52 125 534 Means 20.9 18.2 18.2 9.5 9.9 23.4 Social Credit 2 Other 3 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 5 7.7 192,765 16.8 65 1,146,476 10,781 0.9 3 4.6 179,337 15.3 65 1,171,497 63,310 4.5 10 15.4 480,700 34.0 65 1,414,169 80,990 5.1 3 4.1 140,039 8.8 73 1,593,300 5 6.7 124,817 8.1 75 1,546,773 3,877 0.2 4 5.3 166,693 9.3 75 1,790,060 12,858 0.6 38,431 1.9 75 2,024,249 26 34.7 542,433 26.0 19,173 0.9 75 2,089,923 20 26.7 578,347 27.3 8,903 0.4 75 2,118,045 9 12.0 357,153 17.5 2 2.7 74,389 3.7 75 2,037,312 14 18.9 358,327 16.4 24,590 1.1 74 2,184,292 15 20.3 639,207 24.4 1 1.4 70,362 2.7 74 2,625,036 11 14.9 420,018 17.1 25,608 1.0 74 2,458,675 6 8.0 512,995 16.0 119,817 3.7 75 3,204,029 174,583 5.9 123,577 4.2 75 2,957,042 6,633 0.2 184,479 5.4 75 3,440,360 2,070 0.1 107,183 3.1 75 3,496,411 101 8.2 9.5 33 2.7 7.1 1,240 97 : The Regional Results Table 3-22 Quebec—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Year Tota i Prog. Cons. Seats C R G L Liberal _ CCF/NDP Social Credit 7 C R G L CRGLCRGL _ , Total 0thers _ Candi- C R G L dates Total Chang¬ ing Seats 1935’ 65 62 4 20 64 35 17 3 84 4 1 213 21 1940 65 53 1 5 65 51 10 4 4 2 46 3 5 170 14 1945 65 29 2 1 64 47 3 13 29 43 118 2 11 2 283 16 1949 2 73 69 2 2 73 48 12 2 20 50 41 1 1 11 253 15 1953 3 75 71 1 3 1 75 59 1 5 29 53 3 2 228 6 1957 75 69 2 7 2 75 57 5 9 22 4 43 1 3 4 213 15 1958 75 75 9 41 75 22 3 40 29 15 25 4 219 44 1962 75 75 14 36 75 16 19 9 40 75 26 81 346 45 1963 75 75 8 6 75 33 14 2 60 75 17 3 9 i 10 295 17 1965 75 75 4 4 4 75 45 11 2 71 75 9 11 27 2 323 17 1968 4 74 74 3 1 1 74 31 5 7 70 70 5 6 2 ! 28 2 316 12 1972 74 74 2 2 74 55 1 1 62 70 13 2 1 34 1 314 4 1974 74 74 2 1 74 56 4 72 68 11 A • 76 1 364 5 1979 5 75 75 2 1 75 51 6 1 75 74 5 1 £ ; 212 511 7 1980 75 75 1 1 75 67 7 73 55 e i 207 485 7 1984 75 75 1 57 75 17 57 75 23 203 451 57 1988 6 75 75 51 5 75 5 5 75 6 149 380 5 Totals 1,240 1,175 104 124 82 1,238 695 118 157 809 705 60 38 38 1,437 7 27 30 5,364 307 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 60 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 2 64 seats; 3 69 seats; 4 51 seats; 5 65 seats; 6 61 seats. includes, for 1965 and 1968, Ralliement Creditiste. Table 3-24 Ontario—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 25 30.5 562,513 35.3 56 68.3 680,417 42.7 127,927 8.C 1940 25 30.5 687,816 42.7 57 69.5 818,154 50.8 61,166 CO 1945 48 58.5 756,762 41.7 34 41.5 745,571 41.1 260,502 144 1949 25 30.1 757,210 37.4 56 67.5 924,231 45.7 1 1.2 306,551 15.2 1953 33 38.8 772,691 40.3 51 60.0 898,476 46.9 1 1.2 212,224 11.1 1957 61 71.8 1,104,024 48.8 21 24.7 839,894 37.1 3 3.5 274,069 12.1 1958 67 78.8 1,413,730 56.4 15 17.6 815,524 32.6 3 3.5 262,120 10 .£ 1962 35 41.2 1,056,095 39.3 44 51.8 1,122,222 41.8 6 7.1 456,459 17.C 1963 27 31.8 979,359 35.3 52 61.2 1,286,791 46.3 6 7.1 442,340 15.S 1965 25 29.4 933,753 34.0 51 60.0 1,196,308 43.6 9 10.6 594,112 21.7 1968 17 19.3 942,979 32.0 64 72.7 1,372,903 46.6 6 6.8 607,011 20.6 1972 40 45.5 1,399,148 39.1 36 40.9 1,366,922 38.2 11 12.5 768,076 21.6 1974 25 28.4 1,252,082 35.1 55 62.5 1,609,786 45.1 8 9.1 680,113 19.1 1979 57 60.0 1,732,717 41.8 32 33.7 1,509,926 36.4 6 6.3 873,182 21.1 1980 38 40.0 1,420,436 35.5 52 54.7 1,675,519 41.9 5 5.3 874,229 21.S 1984 67 70.5 2,113,187 47.6 14 14.7 1,323,835 29.8 13 13.7 921,504 20.f 1988 46 46.5 1,788,118 38.2 43 42.4 1,819,087 38.9 10 10.1 940,121 20.1 Totals and Means 661 44.4 40.0 733 49.3 41.5 88 5.9 16.1 'CCF through 1958. 2 Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 98 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 3-23 Quebec—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 13.9 13.9 12.3 10.8 6.2 43.1 65 1940 4.6 12.3 3.1 9.2 10.8 60.0 65 1945 12.3 10.8 13.9 13.9 7.7 41.5 65 1949 15.1 4.1 5.5 13.7 5.5 56.2 73 1953 9.3 10.7 6.7 10.7 6.7 56.0 75 1957 22.7 10.7 10.7 9.3 6.7 40.0 75 1958 29.3 30.7 14.7 16.0 9.3 75 1962 17.3 18.7 17.3 17.3 13.3 16.0 75 1963 21.3 18.7 9.3 13.3 5.3 32.0 75 1965 13.3 14.7 14.7 8.0 10.7 38.7 75 1968 12.2 21.6 12.2 4.1 6.8 43.2 74 1972 13.5 9.5 5.4 9.5 17.6 44.6 74 1974 6.8 10.8 6.8 8.1 10.8 56.8 74 1979 6.7 4.0 6.7 2.7 80.0 75 1980 1.3 4.0 4.0 2.7 88.0 75 1984 17.3 17.3 14.7 10.7 13.3 26.7 75 1988 12.0 8.0 13.3 6.7 6.7 52.0 75 Totals 168 161 121 124 102 564 1,240 Means 13.5 13.0 9.8 10.0 8.1 45.4 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1 1.2 223,390 14.0 82 1,594,247 786 0.1 41,492 2.6 82 1,609,414 3,906 0.2 48,226 2.7 82 1,814,967 3,225 0.2 1 1.2 30,957 1.5 83 2,022,174 5,427 0.3 26,602 1.4 85 1,915,420 38,418 1.7 8,166 0.4 85 2,264,571 8,386 0.3 4,753 0.2 85 2,504,513 49,734 1.9 3,135 0.1 85 2,687,645 56,276 2.0 11,896 0.4 85 2,776,662 10,995 0.4 8,615 0.3 85 2,743,783 1 1.1 25,599 0.9 88 2,948,492 12,937 0.4 1 1.1 30,969 0.9 88 3,578,052 6,575 0.2 16,981 0.5 88 3,565,537 1,002 0.0 26,168 0.6 95 4,142,995 804 0.0 29,853 0.7 95 4,000,841 865 0.0 1 1.1 76,020 1.7 95 4,435,411 168 0.0 133,605 2.9 99 4,681,099 0.4 5 0.3 1.9 1,487 99 : The Regional Results Table 3-25 Ontario—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-1988, by Year and Party Total Year Total Seats Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Total Candi¬ dates Chang¬ ing Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L 1935 1 82 80 21 1 33 81 23 33 50 97 1 1 308 34 1940 82 82 18 7 7 82 49 8 7 24 1 13 1 202 15 1945 82 82 25 23 82 34 23 80 8 33 285 23 1949 2 83 83 26 22 83 32 21 1 76 1 5 19 1 266 23 1953 3 85 85 19 11 2 84 44 2 11 65 1 9 35 278 13 1957 85 85 32 29 85 21 31 60 3 1 40 6 276 32 1958 85 85 61 6 85 15 6 63 3 18 10 261 6 1962 85 85 34 33 85 15 30 81 3 3 70 7 328 33 1963 85 85 25 2 9 85 43 9 2 80 5 1 1 67 13 330 12 1965 85 85 22 2 5 85 47 5 5 84 5 4 1 19 17 290 11 1968 4 88 88 10 2 3 88 31 6 3 88 3 3 3 20 1 287 9 1972 88 88 17 23 88 36 28 88 6 5 25 13 1 302 28 1974 88 88 25 15 88 36 19 88 8 3 19 96 1 379 19 1979 5 95 95 16 25 95 28 23 95 6 1 5 116 406 25 1980 95 95 38 19 95 32 20 95 3 2 3 5 170 460 22 1984 95 95 37 30 1 95 14 38 95 5 8 6 131 1 422 39 1988 6 99 99 30 17 98 11 23 99 5 2 5 1 207 1 496 25 Totals 1,487 1,481 456 161 166 1,484 511 176 178 1,311 53 29 18 301 1,003 2 3 4 5,576 339 ’Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 79 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 281 seats; 3 77 seats; 4 53 seats; 5 81 seats; 6 71 seats. Table 3-27 Prairie Provinces—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 3 5.5 180,888 20.9 31 56.4 305,547 35.3 4 7.3 158,917 18.4 1940 3 5.5 169,852 17.7 34 61.8 413,070 43.1 6 10.9 202,797 21.2 1945 5 9.1 209,210 20.7 14 25.5 302,869 30.0 23 41.8 326,202 32.3 1949 4 7.5 181,260 17.6 31 58.5 432,391 41.9 8 15.1 266,904 25.9 1953 6 12.5 164,632 17.0 17 35.4 362,209 37.5 14 29.2 244,381 25.3 1957 14 29.2 333,451 28.6 6 12.5 328,352 28.2 15 31.3 249,818 21.4 1958 47 97.9 691,079 56.2 222,154 18.1 1 2.1* 207,372 16.9 1962 42 87.5 589,908 44.9 1 2.1 312,453 23.8 3 6.3 214,849 16.3 1963 41 85.4 642,780 47.0 3 6.3 357,125 26.1 2 4.2 178,553 13.1 1965 42 87.5 595,241 45.3 1 2.1 333,196 25.4 3 6.3 239,637 18.2 1968 25 55.6 562,933 40.8 11 24.4 479,402 34.8 9 20.0 300,635 21.8 1972 34 75.6 753,849 47.5 3 6.7 423,847 26.7 8 17.8 361,480 22.8 1974 36 80.0 781,258 50.6 5 11.1 418,725 27.1 4 8.9 298,530 19.3 1979 38 77.6 984,178 53.0 2 4.1 415,338 22.4 9 18.4 427,097 23.0 1980 33 67.3 873,062 50.6 2 4.1 420,371 24.3 14 28.6 406,497 23.5 1984 39 79.6 1,141,291 55.5 1 2.0 337,211 16.4 9 18.4 484,505 23.6 1988 36 66.7 991,263 44.5 5 9.3 451,540 20.3 13 24.1 548,416 24.6 Totals and Means 448 56.9 38.7 167 21.2 28.3 145 18.4 21.6 ’CCF through 1958. 2 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 100 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 3-26 Ontario—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-1988 Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 23.2 24.4 18.3 11.0 12.2 11.0 82 1940 19.5 22.0 25.6 9.8 11.0 12.2 82 1945 22.0 29.6 13.4 11.0 8.5 15.9 82 1949 28.9 21.7 24.0 3.6 7.2 14.5 83 1953 22.4 20.0 20.0 14.1 3.5 20.0 85 1957 9.4 21.2 11.8 11.8 17.7 28.2 85 1958 12.9 8.2 5.9 7.1 5.9 60.0 85 1962 29.4 18.8 20.0 11.8 5.9 14.1 85 1963 28.2 16.5 9.4 18.8 9.4 17.7 85 1965 23.5 17.7 15.3 12.9 14.1 16.5 85 1968 20.5 29.6 13.6 12.5 11.4 12.5 88 1972 30.7 17.1 14.8 18.2 10.2 9.1 88 1974 12.5 28.4 18.2 9.1 15.9 15.9 88 1979 25.3 15.8 21.1 11.6 6.3 20.0 95 1980 30.5 20.0 19.0 15.8 7.4 7.4 95 1984 14.7 14.7 13.1 6.3 9.5 41.1 95 1988 43.4 17.2 14.1 9.1 6.1 10.1 99 Totals 350 298 243 170 141 285 1,487 Means 23.5 20.0 16.3 11.4 9.5 19.2 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 17 30.9 178,883 20.7 40,840 4.7 55 865,075 10 18.2 111,201 11.6 2 3.6 60,440 6.3 55 957,360 13 23.6 135,592 13.4 36,601 3.6 55 1,010,474 10 18.9 129,883 12.6 21,519 2.1 53 1,031,957 11 22.9 174,917 18.1 21,032 2.2 48 967,171 13 27.1 248,330 21.3 5,909 0.5 48 1,165,860 105,639 8.6 3,917 0.3 48 1,230,161 2 4.2 192,972 14.7 4,611 0.4 48 1,314,793 2 4.2 186,223 13.6 2,524 0.2 48 1,367,205 2 4.2 143,427 10.9 1,691 0.1 48 1,313,192 949 0.1 34,734 2.5 45 1,378,653 42,634 2.7 4,800 0.3 45 1,586,610 32,198 2.1 12,523 0.8 45 1,543,234 11,722 0.6 18,019 1.0 49 1,856,354 8,336 0.5 18,857 1.1 49 1,727,123 5,965 0.3 87,201 4.2 49 2,056,173 234,583 10.5 54 2,225,802 80 10.2 8.9 2 0.2 1.8 842 101 : The Regional Results Table 3-28 Prairie Provinces—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-1988 Tota i Prog- Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Jandi- Changing Year Seats C RGLCRGLCRGLCRGLCRGL dates Seats 1935' 55 49 3 19 55 12 4 50 4 44 17 27 12 225 21 1940 55 36 1 55 25 9 7 45 3 3 1 26 10 7 18 2 180 14 1945 55 52 3 55 14 20 55 6 17 34 10 3 25 2 221 23 1949 53 49 4 53 11 20 47 7 1 16 21 10 3 11 181 21 1953 2 48 41 4 48 16 11 40 7 7 39 9 2 31 199 9 1957 48 47 6 8 48 6 10 46 10 1 47 15 3 9 197 11 1958 48 48 14 33 48 6 46 1 14 24 13 8 174 33 1962 48 48 42 5 48 48 1 2 45 2 7 196 4 1963 48 48 40 2 48 1 2 47 2 1 46 2 8 197 2 1965 48 48 40 2 48 1 2 48 2 1 40 2 5 189 3 1968 3 45 45 20 1 14 45 1 9 45 2 6 7 2 13 155 16 1972 45 45 24 9 45 3 8 45 6 3 2 36 6 177 12 1974 45 45 33 3 45 2 45 4 5 39 30 204 1979 4 49 49 26 1 4 49 1 49 3 4 27 42 216 1980 49 49 33 49 49 9 5 16 59 222 1984 49 49 33 49 49 9 5 15 93 255 1988 5 54 54 16 5 54 4 54 2 3 2 146 308 7 Totals 842 802 338 60 50 842 90 46 69 808 74 56 47 506 58 27 25 538 2 14 3,496 176 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 48 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 247 seats; 3 39 seats; 4 33 seats; s 25 seats. Table 3-30 British Columbia—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 5 31.3 71,034 24.6 6 37.5 91,729 31.8 3 18.8 97,015 33.6 1940 4 25.0 110,619 30.5 10 62.5 135,920 37.4 1 6.3 103,181 28.4 1945 5 31.3 128,529 30.0 5 31.3 117,737 27.5 4 25.0 125,945 29.4 1949 3 16.7 128,620 27.9 11 61.1 169,018 36.7 3 16.7 145,442 31.5 1953 3 13.6 66,426 14.1 8 36.4 145,570 30.9 7 31.8 125,487 26.6 1957 7 31.8 192,988 32.6 2 9.1 121,301 20.5 7 31.8 131,873 22.3 1958 18 81.8 308,971 49.4 100,889 16.1 4 18.2. 153,405 24.5 1962 6 27.3 187,389 27.3 4 18.2 187,438 27.3 10 45.5 212,035 30.9 1963 4 18.2 172,501 23.4 7 31.8 237,896 32.3 9 40.9 222,883 30.3 1965 3 13.6 139,226 19.2 7 31.8 217,726 30.0 9 40.9 239,132 32.9 1968 155,101 19.4 16 69.6 333,949 41.8 7 30.4 260,989 32.7 1972 8 34.8 313,253 33.0 4 17.4 274,468 28.9 11 47.8 332,345 35.0 1974 13 56.5 423,954 41.9 8 34.8 336,435 33.3 2 8.7 232,547 23.0 1979 19 67.9 530,380 44.3 1 3.6 274,946 23.0 8 28.6 381,678 31.9 1980 16 57.1 502,088 41.5 268,262 22.2 12 42.9 426,858 35.3 1984 19 67.9 668,432 46.6 1 3.6 235,394 16.4 8 28.6 502,331 35.1 1988 12 37.5 527,767 34.4 1 3.1 326,801 21.3 19 59.4 567,732 37.0 Totals and Means 145 37.9 31.8 91 23.8 28.1 124 32.4 30.6 'CCF through 1958. 2 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others 102 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 3-29 Prairie Provinces—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-1988 Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 12.7 18.2 20.0 20.0 5.5 23.6 55 1940 27.3 29.1 16.4 7.3 9.1 10.9 55 1945 16.4 27.3 20.0 18.2 7.3 10.9 55 1949 22.6 20.8 11.3 15.1 17.0 13.2 53 1953 25.0 16.7 20.8 10.4 14.6 12.5 48 1957 22.9 25.0 14.6 12.5 14.6 10.4 48 1958 4.2 8.3 10.4 12.5 8.3 56.3 48 1962 8.3 16.7 25.0 12.5 14.6 22.9 48 1963 12.5 12.5 6.3 18.8 12.5 37.5 48 1965 6.3 14.6 12.5 14.6 22.9 29.2 48 1968 24.4 31.1 13.3 6.7 6.7 17.8 45 1972 15.6 11.1 6.7 15.6 8.9 42.2 45 1974 17.8 11.1 6.7 8.9 13.3 42.2 45 1979 16.3 6.1 10.2 6.1 4.1 57.1 49 1980 12.2 14.3 10.2 8.2 8.2 46.9 49 1984 10.2 16.3 8.2 8.2 8.2 49.0 49 1988 13.0 18.5 11.1 9.3 9.3 38.9 54 Totals 133 149 112 102 91 255 842 Means 15.7 17.5 13.2 12.0 10.9 30.7 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1,796 0.6 2 6.3 27,209 9.4 16 288,783 506 0.1 1 6.3 12,918 3.6 16 363,144 9,890 2.3 2 12.5 46,340 10.8 16 428,441 2,109 0.5 1 5.6 15,879 3.4 18 461,068 4 18.2 123,278 26.1 10,762 2.3 22 471,523 6 27.3 143,145 24.2 2,232 0.4 22 591,539 59,762 9.6 2,515 0.4 22 625,542 2 9.1 97,396 14.2 1,931 0.3 22 686,189 2 9.1 97,846 13.3 4,846 0.7 22 735,972 3 13.6 126,532 17.4 3,368 0.5 22 725,984 48,703 6.1 23 798,742 25,107 2.6 3,116 0.3 23 948,289 12,433 1.2 5,512 0.5 23 1,010,881 1,885 0.2 7,023 0.6 28 1,195,912 1,763 0.1 10,841 0.9 28 1,209,812 3,094 0.2 23,797 1.7 28 1,433,048 1,169 0.1 111,548 7.3 32 1,535,017 17 4.4 6.6 6 1.6 2.9 383 103 : The Regional Results Table 3-31 British Columbia—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-1988, by Year and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candi _ Changing Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935’ 16 15 4 1 3 15 4 1 1 16 2 2 18 1 1 i i 66 5 1940 16 15 3 1 1 15 7 3 16 1 2 1 6 1 i 53 4 1945 16 15 2 3 2 15 5 5 16 1 3 9 21 1 1 76 7 1949 2 18 15 2 2 16 4 6 18 2 1 4 2 5 1 i 56 7 1953 3 22 16 3 22 8 3 22 3 1 22 3 18 i 100 4 1957 22 22 3 4 22 2 6 22 6 1 1 21 4 2 4 91 7 1958 22 22 7 11 22 2 22 4 3 22 6 5 93 11 1962 22 22 6 12 21 4 22 4 6 4 2 4 73 12 1963 22 22 4 2 22 4 3 22 9 1 22 2 5 93 3 1965 22 22 3 1 22 7 22 9 22 2 1 8 96 1 1968 4 23 23 3 23 6 6 23 5 3 19 9 97 6 1972 23 23 8 23 4 12 23 7 4 19 6 94 12 1974 23 23 9 4 23 2 6 2 23 2 8 10 29 108 10 1979 4 28 28 10 2 28 1 5 28 1 3 4 31 119 5 1980 28 28 15 1 4 28 1 28 8 4 5 39 128 5 1984 28 28 15 4 1 28 1 28 8 4 7 71 162 5 1988 s 32 32 6 3 32 1 1 32 2 2 2 122 218 3 Totals 383 371 92 39 34 377 55 31 37 383 72 27 26 193 8 8 6 401 4 : 2 4 1,723 107 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 14 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 2 16 seats; 3 18 seats; 4 17 seats; 5 11 seats. Table 3-33 Northern Territories—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 1 100.0 696 55.6 555 44.4 1940 1 100.0 915 53.6 793 46.4 1945 1 100.0 849 40.0 584 27.5 1949 1 100.0 3,284 49.0 1,140 17.0 1953 1,934 26.7 2 100.0 3,898 53.8 1957 3,611 41.4 2 100.0 5,108 58.6 * 1958 1 50.0 5,027 48.9 1 50.0 5,122 49.9 1962 1 50.0 6,769 47.6 1 50.0 6,506 45.7 1963 2 100.0 7,783 53.8 6,114 42.3 1965 1 50.0 6,751 45.2 1 50.0 7,740 51.9 431 2.9 1968 1 50.0 5,321 33.4 1 50.0 9,066 57.0 1,528 9.6 1972 1 50.0 8,671 39.0 6,754 30.4 1 50.0 6,548 29.5 1974 1 50.0 8,184 38.7 5,957 28.1 1 50.0 7,028 33.2 1979 2 66.7 9,948 36.9 8,779 32.6 1 33.3 7,926 29.4 1980 2 66.7 7,924 30.6 9,627 37.2 1 33.3 8,143 31.5 1984 3 100.0 14,707 47.1 7,789 25.0 7,395 23.7 1988 10,109 29.7 2 66.7 10,221 30.1 1 33.3 12,587 37.0 Totals and Means 18 58.1 39.3 9 29.0 40.1 5 14.2 'CCF through 1958 2 Includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 104 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 3-32 British Columbia—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-1988 Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 50.0 12.5 18.8 6.3 6.3 6.3 16 1940 31.3 31.3 18.8 6.3 6.3 6.3 16 1945 25.0 50.0 6.3 6.3 6.3 12.5 16 1949 11.1 27.8 16.7 22.2 5.6 16.7 18 1953 27.3 13.6 18.2 5.6 18.2 18.2 22 1957 27.8 5.6 27.3 18.2 18.2 9.1 22 1958 13.6 22.7 5.6 18.2 5.6 36.4 22 1962 31.8 22.7 9.1 5.6 5.6 27.3 22 1963 31.8 18.2 18.2 13.6 5.6 13.6 22 1965 18.2 13.6 27.3 9.1 22.7 9.1 22 1968 26.1 17.4 26.1 13.0 4.4 13.0 23 1972 21.7 13.0 21.7 17.4 17.4 8.7 23 1974 30.4 30.4 13.0 4.0 13.0 8.7 23 1979 17.9 17.9 10.7 14.3 14.3 25.0 28 1980 21.4 14.3 21.4 21.4 3.6 17.9 28 1984 14.3 21.4 14.3 7.1 17.9 25.0 28 1988 21.9 18.8 25.0 18.8 9.4 6.3 32 Totals 91 76 68 47 41 60 383 Means 23.8 19.8 17.8 12.3 10.7 15.7 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1 1,251 1 1,708 687 32.4 1 2,120 2,283 34.0 1 6,707 998 13.8 421 5.8 2 7,251 2 8,719 122 1.2 2 10,271 948 6.7 2 14,223 560 3.9 2 14,457 2 14,922 2 15,915 252 1.1 2 22,225 2 21,169 273 1.0 3 26,926 180 0.7 3 25,874 1,323 4.2 3 31,214 1,088 3.2 3 34,005 1.4 4.9 34 105 : The Regional Results Table 3-34 Northern Territories—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, 1935-1988, by Year and Party Year Total Seats Prog. Cons Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Total Candi- Total Changing Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates 1935 1 1 1 1 2 1940 1 1 1 1 2 1945 1 1 1 1 1 3 1949 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1953 2 2 2 1 1 1 6 1 1957 2 2 2 2 4 1958 n t- 2 2 1 1 5 1 1962 2 2 2 1 1 5 1963 2 2 1 2 1 1 5 1 1965 2 2 1 2 1 1 5 1 1968 2 2 2 1 2 6 1972 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 7 1 1974 2 2 2 2 1 6 1979 3 3 1 3 3 1 9 1 1980 3 3 2 3 3 1 1 10 1984 3 3 2 1 3 3 1 1 10 1 1988 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 12 3 Totals 34 33 7 3 2 33 5 6 2 21 3 1 1 3 10 100 11 Table 3-35 Northern Territories—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins, 1935-1988 Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 —19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 1 1 1940 1 1 1945 1 1 1949 1 1 1953 1 1 2 1957 1 1 2 1958 2 2 1962 1 1 2 1963 1 1 2 1965 1 1 2 1968 1 1 2 1972 1 1 2 1974 1 1 2 1979 2 1 3 1980 2 1 3 1984 1 1 1 3 1988 1 1 1 3 Totals 8 7 9 4 1 5 34 Means 23.5 20.6 26.5 11.8 2.9 14.7 106 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 4 Newfoundland The newest of the provinces, having been ad¬ mitted to Confederation only in 1949, Newfound¬ land’s party system is currently undergoing change. At the federal level, it had essentially been a Liberal stronghold, while in its provincial elections since 1971 a majority of the seats in the House of Assembly have been taken by the Progressive Conservatives. 1 There is now, in effect, a division of apparent constituency loyal¬ ties that is not matched in quite the same way in other provinces. “In the mid-1980s, the Liberal and Conservative parties appear to be more evenly balanced than previously, and the ndp has transformed the province into a two-and- one-half party system.” 2 By way of comparison, for instance, British Columbia is a three-party system in its federal elections, and has been all but controlled in its provincial politics by Social Credit since 1952. Having given more than two-thirds of all its seats and well over half of its vote to the Lib¬ erals, it seems fair to describe Newfoundland as essentially in the Liberal camp insofar as fed¬ eral elections are concerned. Only three times, in 1968 (6 seats), 1972 (4 seats), and 1984 (4 seats), did the Tories get a majority of the prov¬ ince’s delegation, and only in 1968 and 1972 were they able to capture a majority of the vote. Third party candidacies have typically not fared very well in the province. Only two ndp candi¬ dates have been elected to Commons. One of these was from a riding which had been in the Tory column since 1968, went for the ndp can¬ didate in a 1978 by-election, then swung to the Liberals in 1980 and stayed with the Liberals in the 1984 Tory landslide. The other was won by the ndp in a 1987 by-election and, in 1988, was lost to the Tories. Both of the major parties have been suffi¬ ciently organized to contest most elections. The ndp has been able to field a full slate of candi¬ dates only since 1968, while Social Credit has supplied candidates for less than 10 percent of the elections. Reinforcing the point about the Liberals having an essential strength in New¬ foundland, it is also interesting to note that they have been able to retain well over half of all the seats they have won, while the Tories have retained less than 20 per cent. Even though Newfoundland has been a fairly steady member of the Liberal camp in federal elections, it has also shown a polarization of the electorate. A majority of its elections have been decided by margins of 25 percent or more; this is the only province for which this finding holds. These results are not just in favor of the Liberals, by any means, although this was the case early on. For instance, in 1972 two of the three ridings which had such a split favored the Progressive Conservatives; in 1979 one of the four; in 1980 two of the four; in 1984 both ridings (by margins of 56 percent and 64 percent); and in 1988 one of the two. For elections to the province’s House of As¬ sembly there is an entirely different picture. As pointed out above, Newfoundland was, from 1949 to 1971, a heavily Liberal province. In that time the Liberals never received less than 58 percent of the popular vote, never received less than three-fourths of all the assembly seats, and in the 1966 election took more than 90 per¬ cent, a degree of one-party control that is sel¬ dom matched in Western democracies. Why, then, did the 1971 provincial election turn the once-dominant Liberals into a minority party? Part of the answer lies in the origins of the pro- 107 : Newfoundland vincial parties themselves. The Confederate Association, which had championed the join¬ ing of Newfoundland to the rest of Canada, had an electoral success as their basis when they converted themselves to the province's Lib¬ eral Party. The party’s leader “provided years of campaign oratory to the effect that since all Confederates were now Liberals, it followed that all Progressive Conservatives were anti- Confederates. In a province where an ever in¬ creasing majority became persuaded of the benefits of Confederation, the Liberals thus pro¬ vided themselves with years of electoral victo¬ ries." 3 Although time runs out on many symbols, why did it do so in this case? Another answer lies in the changing makeup of the province’s work force, moving from a rural agrarian and fishing-based economy 4 to one which was more urban and diversified. Hence, Newfoundland has been undergoing a social mobilization which, however much delayed, has brought the Catholics (normally aligned with the Progressive Conservatives in the province) 5 to a more dominant position. 6 This is reinforced, or mediated, through the dominant role of the churches in providing education. “All schools are owned and operated by either the Roman Catholic, Amalgamated Protestant or Pente¬ costal churches, with large infusions of pub¬ lic funds and guidance.” 7 Finally, changes in party organization, breaking away from the early leadership roles of single individuals, suggest that the changes which have taken place could yet swing back—that the changes started in 1971 may themselves be only temporary. 8 (see tables 4-1 through 4-17 at end of text) Notes 1 A good deal of the analysis of and commentary on the province s politics is somewhat dated but nonetheless useful. An overview is provided by S. J. R. Noel, Poli¬ tics in Newfoundland (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971). Other insights can be found in Ralph Matthews, Perspectives on Recent Newfoundland Poli¬ tics," Journal of Canadian Studies 9 (May 1974), 20-35; P Neary, Democracy in Newfoundland: A Comment," Table 4-1 Newfoundland—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1949 2 28.6 29,203 27.9 5 71.4 75,235 71.9 197 0.2 1953 31,060 28.1 7 100.0 74,357 67.2 707 0.6 1957 2 28.6 34,795 37.8 5 71.4 56,993 61.9 321 0.3 1958 2 28.6 72,282 45.2 5 71.4 86,960 54.4 240 0.2 1962 1 14.3 55,396 36.0 6 85.7 90,896 59.0 7,590 4.9 1963 45,491 30.1 7 100.0 97,576 64.5 6,364 4.2 1965 47,638 32.4 7 100.0 94,291 64.1 • 1,742 1.2 1968 6 85.7 84,483 52.7 1 14.3 68,549 42.8 7,042 4.4 1972 4 57.1 85,857 49.0 3 42.9 78,505 44.8 8,165 4.7 1974 3 42.9 75,816 43.6 4 57.1 81,299 46.7 16,445 9.5 1979 2 28.6 59,893 29.7 4 57.1 81,861 40.6 1 14.3 59,978 29.7 1980 2 28.6 72,999 36.0 5 71.4 95,354 47.0 33,943 16.7 1984 4 57.1 138,867 57.6 3 3.6 87,778 36.4 13,993 5.8 1988 2 28.6 108,456 42.2 5 71.4 115,690 45.0 31,775 12.4 Totals and Means 30 30.6 39.2 67 68.4 53.3 1 1.0 6.3 ’CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others 108 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 JCS 4 (February 1969), 37-45; "Party Politics in New¬ foundland, 1949-1971: A Survey and Analysis," JCS 6 (November 1971), 3-14; "Politics in Newfoundland: The End of the Smallwood Era," JCS 7 (February 1971), 3-21. More current and focusing on the internal politics of the province is Susan McCorquodale, “Newfoundland: Plus Qa Change, Plus C'est la Meme Chose,” in Martin Robin, Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces 2d ed.; Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), 138-70. 2. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), p. 73. 3. McCorquodale, op. cit., p. 146. 4. On this, see Parzival Copes, "The Fisherman's Vote in Newfoundland," Canadian Journal of Political Science 3 (December 1970), 579-604. 5. “In most of Newfoundland under modern conditions, religious groups have become so intermingled that they can no longer be regarded as the main factor giving unity to electoral districts.” Gordon O. Rothney, “The Denominational Basis of Representation in the Newfoundland General Assembly,” Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 28 (November 1962), 565. 6. Ibid., pp. 155-59. 7. Ibid., p. 159. 8. Ibid., pp. 159-60, 166. Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 7 104,635 4,459 4.0 7 110,583 7 92,109 263 0.2 7 159,745 158 0.1 7 154,040 1,943 1.3 7 151,374 2,352 1.6 1,022 0.7 7 147,045 126 0.1 7 160,200 266 0.2 2,253 1.3 7 175,046 143 0.1 242 0.1 7 173,945 7 201,732 749 0.4 7 203,045 521 0.2 7 241,159 1,025 0.4 7 256,946 0.1 0.6 98 109 : Newfoundland Table 4-2 Newfoundland—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Year Total Seats Prog. Cons Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others luidi Candi¬ dates luidi Changing Seats C R G L C R G L C R 1 G L C R G L C R G L 1949 7 7 2 7 5 1 15 1953 7 7 2 7 5 2 1 1 16 2 1957 7 6 2 7 5 2 1 14 2 1958 7 7 2 7 5 1 1 16 1962 7 7 1 1 7 5 1 4 1 19 1 1963 7 7 1 7 6 1 3 1 18 1 1965 7 7 7 7 3 4 1 22 1968 7 7 6 7 1 6 7 1 22 6 1972 7 7 4 2 7 1 2 7 2 1 24 2 1974 7 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 1 1 23 1 1979 7 7 2 1 7 4 7 1 21 1 1980 7 7 2 7 4 1 7 1 3 24 1 1984 7 7 2 2 7 3 2 7 2 23 2 1988 1 7 7 2 2 7 2 7 2 23 2 Totals 98 97 18 12 10 98 49 15 10 63 1 1 9 13 280 21 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 5 seats which are comparable to the previous election. Table 4-3 Newfoundland— -Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1949 1 1 5 7 1953 2 5 7 1957 1 1 5 7 1958 1 1 2 3 7 1962 1 1 1 4 7 1963 1 1 5 7 1965 1 1 5 7 1968 2 1 2 1 1 7 1972 1 1 2 3 7 1974 1 4 2 7 1979 2 1 4 7 1980 1 2 4 7 • 1984 3 2 2 7 1988 1 2 2 2 7 Totals 10 8 8 8 14 50 98 Means 10.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 14.3 51.0 110 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 4-4 Newfoundland—1949 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Twillingate 1,415 12.7 9,744 87.3 11,159 Burin-Burgeo 1,053 7.7 12,590 92.3 13,643 Grand Falls-White Bay 1,879 13.3 12,301 86.7 14,180 Humber-St. George’s 1,451 10.8 11,930 89.2 13,381 St. John's East 9,912 55.0 7,913 43.9 197 1.1 18,022 St. John's West 10,344 51.3 9,828 48.7 20,172 Trinity-Conception 3,149 22.4 10,929 77.6 14,078 Province Totals 29,203 27.9 75,235 71.9 197 0.2 104,635 Rejected 555 Total Vote Cast 105,190 Table 4-5 Newfoundland—1953 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % 1 dumber % Number % Number % Bonavista-Twillingate 2,564 20.3 10,072 79.7 12,636 Burin-Burgeo 1,480 11.8 11,017 88.2 12,497 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 4,984 26.7 13,653 73.3 18,637 Humber-St. George's 3,612 22.4 12,526 77.6 16,138 St. John’s East 6,691 34.4 8,310 42.7 4,459 22.9 19,460 St. John’s West 9,025 47.5 9,965 52.5 18,990 Trinity-Conception 2,704 22.1 8,814 72.1 707 5.8 12,225 Province Totals 31,060 28.1 74,357 67.2 707 0.6 4,459 4.0 110,583 Rejected 1,185 Total Vote Cast 111,768 Vote Cast tor "Other": Ridings (7) Ind. = 4,459 1 Table 4-6 Newfoundland—1957 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Twillingate 1,347 12.8 9,158 87.2 10,505 Burin-Burgeo acclamation Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 3,810 24.6 11,681 75.4 15,491 Humber-St. George's 5,080 33.1 10,272 66.9 15,352 St. John’s East 10,312 53.2 9,073 46.8 19,385 St. John's West 10,539 54.6 8,449 43.8 321 1.7 19,309 Trinity-Conception 3,707 30.7 8,360 69.3 12,067 Province Totals 34,795 37.8 56,993 61.9 321 0.3 92,109 Rejected 877 Total Vote Cast 92,986 111 : Newfoundland Table 4-7 Newfoundland—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding _ Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Bonavista-Twillingate 4,323 24.0 13,670 76.0 17,993 Burin-Burgeo 4,847 29.9 11,360 70.1 16,207 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 10,129 38.3 16,328 61.7 26,457 Humber-St. George's 10,239 43.2 13,468 56.8 23,707 St. John's East 17,894 65.4 9,197 33.6 263 1.0 27,354 St. John's West 15,953 60.1 10,338 39.0 240 0.9 26,531 Trinity-Conception 8,897 41.4 12,599 58.6 21,496 Province Totals 72,282 45.2 86,960 54.4 240 0.2 263 0.2 159,745 Rejected 1,183 Total Vote Cast 160,928 Vote Cast for "Other”: Ridings (7) Ind. = 263 1 Table 4-8 Newfoundland—1! Riding 962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Twillingate 3,846 25.0 11,530 75.0 15,376 Burin-Burgeo 3,163 20.2 12,533 79.8 15,696 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 6,057 24.2 16,401 65.6 2,561 10.2 25,019 Humber-St. George’s 7,887 31.6 12,771 51.1 4,313 17.3 24,971 St. John's East 14,821 52.3 12,907 45.6 435 1.5 158 0.6 28,321 St. John's West 12,626 49.4 12,650 49.5 281 1.1 25,557 Trinity-Conception 6,996 36.6 12,104 63.4 19,100 Province Totals 55,396 36.0 90,896 59.0 7,590 4.9 158 0.1 154,040 Rejected 1,223 Total Vote Cast 155,263 Table 4-9 Newfoundland—1' Riding 963 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Twillingate 2,448 15.2 11,748 72.8 1,943 12.0 16,139 Burin-Burgeo 2,439 16.7 12,167 83.3 14,606 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 6,545 25.4 18,233 70.7 1,025 4.0 25,803 Humber-St. George’s 4,295 18.9 13,605 59.7 4,873 21.4 22,773 St. John's East 13,911 48.5 14,768 51.5 28,679 St. John’s West 10,997 42.0 14,724 56.2 466 1.8 26,187 Trinity-Conception 4,856 28.3 12,331 71.7 17,187 Province Totals 45,491 30.1 97,576 64.5 6,364 4.2 1,943 1.3 151,374 Rejected 801 Total Vote Cast 152,175 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (7) Ind. Lib. = 1,943 1 112 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 4-10 Newfoundland—1965 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Twillingate 3,687 26.7 10,113 73.3 13,800 Burin-Burgeo 3,360 22.2 11,350 74.9 444 2.9 15,154 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 5,779 22.9 17,933 71.0 1,560 6.2 25,272 Humber-St. George’s 8,208 37.2 13,855 62.8 22,063 St. John’s East 11,894 41.1 16,182 56.0 602 2.1 233 0.8 28,911 St. John’s West 10,054 39.8 14,481 57.4 580 2.3 115 0.5 25,230 Trinity-Conception 4,656 28.0 10,377 62.5 560 3.4 1,022 6.2 16,615 Province Totals 47,638 32.4 94,291 64.1 1,742 1.2 2,352 1.6 1,022 0.7 147,045 Rejected 1,347 Total Vote Cast 148,392 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (7) Ind. Lib. = 1,022 1 Table 4-11 Newfoundland—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Trinity-Conception 14,823 58.3 10,082 39.6 532 2.1 25,437 Burin-Burgeo 5,440 36.6 8,674 58.3 758 5.1 14,872 Gander-Twillingate 10,601 53.1 9,016 45.1 352 1.8 19,969 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 10,322 50.4 9,587 46.8 571 2.8 20,480 Humber-St. George’s-St. Barbe 9,765 43.4 9,482 42.1 3,276 14.5 22,523 St. John’s East 18,153 60.9 10,558 35.4 956 3.2 126 0.4 29,793 St. John's West 15,379 56.7 11,150 41.1 597 2.2 27,126 Province Totals 84,483 52.7 68,549 42.8 7,042 4.4 126 0.1 160,200 Rejected 1,370 Total Vote Cast 161,570 113 : Newfoundland Table 4-12 Newfoundland—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Bonavista-Trinity-Conception 8,799 38.2 12,635 54.9 832 3.6 127 0.6 616 2.7 23,009 Burin-Burgeo 4,746 25.0 13,883 73.2 336 1.8 18,965 Gander-Twillingate 12,420 53.1 10,396 44.4 577 2.5 23,393 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 8,968 36.2 14,274 57.6 1,523 6.1 24,765 Humber-St. George's-St. Barbe 16,378 58.0 10,200 36.1 1,666 5.9 28,244 St. John’s East 17,728 60.5 9,887 33.7 1,563 5.3 139 0.5 29,317 St. John’s West 16,818 65.4 7,230 28.1 1,668 6.5 1,637 6.0 27,353 Province Totals 85,857 49.1 78,505 44.9 8,165 4.7 266 0.2 2,253 1.3 174,780 Rejected 7,436 Total Vote Cast 182,216 Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (7) None = 1,637 1 Ind. = 616 1 Table 4-13 Newfoundland—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Bonavista-Trinity-Conception 12,117 45.8 13,258 50.1 1,078 4.1 26,453 Burin-Burgeo 2,254 13.7 13,530 82.0 721 4.4 16,505 Gander-Twillingate 8,021 35.0 12,722 55.6 2,143 9.4 22,886 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 5,433 23.5 12,689 54.8 5,026 21.7 23,148 Humber-St. George's-St. Barbe 16,500 59.3 10,049 36.1 1,279 4.6 27,828 St. John's East 16,941 56.2 10,187 33.8 2,783 9.2 242 0.8 30,153 St. John’s West 14,550 53.9 8,864 32.9 3,415 12.7 143 0.5 26,972 Province Totals 75,816 43.6 81,299 46.7 16,445 9.5 143 0.1 242 0.1 173,945 Rejected 1,589 Total Vote Cast 175,534 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (7) Ind = 242 1 Table 4-14 Newfoundland—1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Bonavista-Trinity-Conception 5,943 24.1 11,314 45.8 7,448 30.1 24,705 Burin-St. George's 2,366 11.1 14,960 70.3 3,943 18.5 21,269 Gander-Twillingate 4,727 19.2 15,408 62.6 4,460 18.1 24,595 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 3,418 11.5 13,639 46.1 12,538 42.4 29,595 Humber-Port-au-Port-St. Barbe 5,941 19.4 8,782 28.7 15,872 51.9 30,595 St. John’s East 20,262 58.4 7,734 22.3 6,684 19.3 34,680 St. John's West 17,236 47.5 10,024 27.6 9,033 24.9 36,293 Province Totals 59,893 29.7 81,861 40.6 59,978 29.7 201,732 Rejected 1,539 Total Vote Cast 203,271 114 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 4-15 Newfoundland—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Bona Vista-Trinity-Conception 8,388 30.5 14,467 52.7 4,619 16.8 302 1.1 27,776 Burin-St. George's 3,522 16.4 14,979 69.9 2,929 13.7 21,430 Gander-Twillingate 7,788 28.2 17,465 63.3 2,338 8.5 27,591 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 7,375 25.0 15,530 52.7 6,582 22.3 29,487 Humber-Port-au-Port-St. Barbe 6,852 23.2 13,170 44.6 9,535 32.3 29,557 St. John’s East 20,007 61.3 8,320 25.5 3,973 12.2 361 1.1 32,661 St. John’s West 19,067 55.2 11,423 33.1 3,967 11.5 86 0.2 34,543 Province Totals 72,999 36.0 95,354 47.0 33,943 16.7 749 0.4 203,045 Rejected 1,047 Total Vote Cast 204,092 Vote Cast for “Other": None = 302 Ind. = 270 M.-L. = 177 Ridings (7) 1 1 2 Table 4-16 Newfoundland—1984 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Trinity-Conception 19,015 55.0 14,103 40.8 1,432 4.1 34,550 Burin-St. George’s 13,184 47.4 12,885 46.3 1,767 6.3 27,836 Gander-Twillingate 13,076 43.1 16,100 53.1 1,138 3.8 30.314 Grand Falls-White Bay-Labrador 12,114 42.3 12,938 45.1 3,616 12.6 28,668 Humber-Port-au-Port-St. Barbe 16,916 46.9 17,409 48.3 1,530 4.2 196 0.5 36,051 St. John’s East 30,866 78.3 5,644 14.3 2,584 6.6 325 0.8 39,419 St. John's West 33,696 76.0 8,699 19.6 1,926 4.3 44,321 Province Totals 138,867 57.6 87,778 36.4 13,993 5.8 521 0.2 241,159 Rejected 1,332 Total Vote Cast 242,491 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (7) Libert. = 325 1 Ind. = 196 1 115 : Newfoundland Table 4-17 Newfoundland—1988 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Bonavista-Trinity-Conception 17,809 42.9 21,290 51.3 2,372 5.7 41,471 Burin-St. George's 17.488 45.6 18,527 48.4 2,299 6.0 38,314 Gander-Grand Falls 11,478 31.5 20,314 55.8 4,618 12.7 36,410 Humber-St.Barbe-Baie Verte 11,584 29.4 26,361 66.9 1,447 3.7 39,392 Labrador 4,400 33.0 7,126 53.5 1,508 11.3 286 2.1 13,320 St. John's East 21,503 44.1 9,285 19.1 17,198 35.3 739 1.5 48,725 St.John's West 24,194 61.5 12,787 32.5 2,333 5.9 39,314 Province Totals 108,456 42.2 115,690 45.0 31,775 12.4 1,025 0.4 256,946 Rejected 1,061 Total Vote Cast 258,007 Vote Cast for "Other 1 : Ridings (7) CHP = 739 1 Ind. = 286 1 Table 4-18 Newfoundland Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1949-1985 Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % May 27, 1949 5 17.9 55,111 32.9 22 78.6 109,802 65.5 November, 26, 1951 4 14.3 46,782 35.6 24 85.7 83,628 63.6 October 2, 1956 4 11.1 36,591 32.0 32 88.9 75,883 66.3 August 20, 1959 3 8.3 33,002 25.3 31 86.1 75,560 58.0 9,352 7.: November 19, 1962 7 17.1 45,055 36.6 34 82.9 72,319 58.7 4,479 3.1 September, 8, 1966 3 7.1 50,316 34.0 39 92.9 91,613 61.8 2,725 1.1 October 28, 1971 22 55.0 118,899 51.3 18 45.0 102,775 44.4 4,075 1.1 March 24, 1972 33 78.6 126,508 60.5 9 21.4 77,849 37.2 410 o.: September 16, 1975 30 65.2 101,016 45.5 16 34.8 82,270 37.1 9,653 4.. June 18,1979 33 63.5 119,151 50.4 19 36.5 95,943 40.6 18,507 7.1 April 6, 1982 44 84.6 152,943 61.2 8 15.4 87,228 34.9 9,371 3. April 2, 1985 36 69.2 134,893 48.6 15 28.8 102,016 36.7 1 1.9 39,954 14.' Totals and Means 224 45.3 42.8 267 53.9 50.4 1 0.2 3. 'CCF through 1959. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 116 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1 3.6 2,642 1.6 28 167,555 1,156 0.9 28 131,566 1,964 1.7 36 114,438 2 5.6 12,411 9.5 36 130,325 1,378 1.1 41 123,231 3,548 2.4 42 148,202 5,804 2.5 40 231,553 4,307 2.1 42 209,074 28,879 13.0 46 221,818 2,786 1.2 52 236,387 425 0.2 52 249,967 778 0.3 52 277,641 3 0.6 3.0 495 117 : Newfoundland 5 Prince Edward Island The smallest of the provinces in both population and land area, Prince Edward Island has, with the exceptions of the Yukon and Northwest Ter¬ ritories, the least representation in Commons. Internally, it has been described as “one of the largest governments in the world. . . . The num¬ ber of politicians and civil servants per popula¬ tion, per square mile, and per dollar earned or spent is immense.” 1 It can be fairly described as a virtually pure two-party system over a con¬ siderable period of time. Throughout its entire post-Confederation history, Prince Edward Island has been characterized by a two-party system. Not only have there been two major parties, the Liberals and the Conservatives, but they have never permitted any others to take root. ... pei was the last Atlantic province to show any sign of ndp support. Moreover, the two parties have alternated regularly in office and have always divided the popular vote in equal proportions, never going above 60 percent or below 40 percent. 2 On the whole, its federal politics have inclined toward the Progressive Conservatives, but inter¬ nally it has generally been in the Liberal camp. 3 Until the 1988 election, Prince Edward Island was one of the three provinces where a single party (in this case the Progressive Conserva¬ tives) had averaged a majority of the popular vote in its federal elections. Newfoundland and Quebec, providing majorities to the Liberals, are the other two. It has also provided more than 60 percent of its seats to the Tories. This is due not to some apparently overwhelming attachment to the Progressive Conservatives by the province’s voters (the difference in average vote is about 3 percent), but to the virtual absence of significant third-party opposition. The ccf/ndp has been able to average a mere 3.5 percent, although this seems likely to increase somewhat as they have averaged more than 6 percent in the last six elections of this period. Social Credit and other candidacies have provided only the most token of opposition. Despite having dominated the island’s fed¬ eral elections from 1935 to 1953, the Liberals were, for a while, a virtually permanent minority, winning no seats at all in the six elections from 1957 through 1968, and again in 1979. Yet this is not from an absence of support. What would have been a sufficient percentage of votes in most provinces to win a major share of the seats has simply been too little in the case of Prince Edward Island, given the absence of significant third-party involvement. The vigor of the campaigns is indicated by a turnover rate (percentage of seats changed) of more than 30 percent. The major parties have also fielded candidates in every riding in every election. Unusually, this was the case even in the 1935, 1940, and 1945 elections when the Conservatives were at considerably less than full strength on a national basis. Prince Edward Island, for that matter, is the only province to have a full slate for the two major parties in all elections. This may very well reflect the fact that it is the province with the fewest seats, but there is an alternative explanation as well. Referring to the four Maritime Provinces, Williams suggests that politics is “the national sport.” 4 Reinforcing this, McKinnon describes the province as one where political interest and participation are both high and combative, that "there is no question of the amount of fun 119 : Prince Edward Island Islanders have with their politics.” 5 Even grant¬ ing that this characterization was meant to apply to Prince Edward Island’s internal politics, it is no surprise that both major parties have con¬ tested every election. We can see that more than 56 percent of the seats have been decided by margins of less than 10 percent, suggesting that the province is reasonably competitive. Indeed, using this mea¬ sure, the island is the most competitive of the provinces in this regard. This suggests that the Liberals could make a comeback under the right conditions. That these conditions were not met under the national Liberal leadership of Pierre Trudeau may reflect the fact that Prince Edward Island is, ethnically, one of the most homoge¬ neous of the provinces, second only to that of Newfoundland, having a population which is overwhelmingly of British ancestry. 6 What does divide the island, and quite likely party loyalties, is religion, so much so “that it might well be said that the Island has four political parties: Lib¬ eral, Conservative, Catholic, and Protestant.” 7 Hence, Trudeau's religion, the Roman Catholics having almost 4 percent fewer votes, 8 could very well have been as much of an obstacle to Lib¬ eral success in Prince Edward Island’s federal elections as was his ethnicity. The story for third parties is considerably more bleak. Only the ccf/ndp has been able to contest a fair number of ridings, and not consis¬ tently until 1968. Social Credit and other candi¬ dacies have been more absent than present. The internal politics of Prince Edward Island reflects a different picture in terms of dominant party. The Liberals have been able to control the province's government following 11 of the 15 elections, and the Tories have done so the other Table 5-1 Prince Edward Island—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number °/< 1935 23,602 38.4 4 100.0 35,757 58.2 1940 28,028 44.7 4 100.0 34,664 55.3 1945 1 25.0 30,025 47.4 3 75.0 30,696 48.4 2,685 4. 1949 1 25.0 32,989 48.4 3 75.0 33,480 49.2 1,626 2. 1953 1 25.0 31,836 48.0 3 75.0 33,874 51.1 552 0 . 1957 4 100.0 34,965 52.3 31,162 46.6 680 1 . 1958 4 100.0 42,911 62.2 25,847 37.5 215 0 . 1962 4 100.0 37,388 51.3 31,603 43.3 3,802 5. 1963 4 100.0 35,965 52.0 32,073 46.4 1,140 1 . 1965 4 100.0 38,566 53.9 31,532 44.1 1,463 2. 1968 4 100.0 26,276 51.8 22,854 45.0 1,636 3. 1972 3 75.0 29,419 51.9 1 25.0 22,950 40.5 4,229 7. 1974 3 75.0 28,578 49.1 1 25.0 26,932 46.2 2,666 4. 1979 4 100.0 34,147 52.8 26,231 40.6 4,181 6. 1980 2 50.0 30,653 46.3 2 50.0 31,005 46.8 4,339 6. 1984 3 75.0 38,160 52.0 1 25.0 30,075 41.0 4,737 6. 1988 31,372 41.5 4 100.0 37,761 49.9 5,661 7. Totals and Means 42 61.8 49.6 26 38.2 46.5 3, 'CCF through 1958. 2 lncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 120 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 4 times. What is even more remarkable is that there has been no third party representation at all in the Prince Edward Island legislature. Ac¬ cording to McKinnon, there are no policy differ¬ ences between the two major parties. They are pragmatic to the ultimate degree, as “each has advocated and opposed everything, depending on whether it was the party in power or in op¬ position at the time.” 9 Hence, traditional party identifications plus the careful use of patronage appear to be the major determinants of who will rule in this clearly two-party province. (see tables 5-1 through 5-21 at end of text) Notes 1. Frank McKinnon, "Prince Edward Island: Big Engine, Little Body," in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces, 2d ed. (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978). p. 222. See also his The Government of Prince Edward Island (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1951). 2. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), pp. 93-94. 3. An accessible and fairly current analysis of this phe¬ nomenon can be found in Ian Stewart, "Friends at Court: Federalism and Provincial Elections on Prince Edward Island," Canadian Journal of Political Science 19 (March 1986), 127-50. 4. Williams, op. cit., p. 330. 5. McKinnon, "Prince Edward Island," op. cit., p. 236. 6. Some 77 percent of the population is of single-origin British ancestry, almost 5 percent more than that found in Nova Scotia. Almost 7 percent more can claim mixed British ancestry. Federal Electoral Districts: Selected Social and Economic Characteristics (Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada, 1983). 7. McKinnon, "Prince Edward Island," op. cit., p. 237. 8. See note 6. 9. Ibid., p. 236. Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2,089 3.4 4 61,448 4 62,692 4 63,406 4 68,095 4 66,262 4 66,807 4 68,973 153 0.2 4 72,946 4 69,178 4 71,561 4 50,766 55 0.1 4 56,653 77 0.1 4 58,253 54 0.1 4 64,613 208 0.3 4 66,205 442 0.6 4 73,414 842 1.1 4 75,636 0.0 0.3 68 121 : Prince Edward Island Table 5-2 Prince Edward Island—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Year Total Seats Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Total Candi- Total Changing Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates 1935 4 4 3 4 1 3 3 11 3 1940 4 4 4 4 8 1945 4 4 4 4 4 12 1949 4 4 2 4 2 2 2 10 2 1953 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 9 2 1957 4 4 4 4 4 3 11 4 1958 4 4 4 4 1 9 1962 4 4 4 4 4 1 13 1963 4 4 2 2 4 2 4 12 2 1965 4 4 2 2 4 2 8 2 1968 4 4 4 4 4 12 1972 4 4 3 1 4 1 4 1 13 1 1974 4 4 3 4 1 4 12 1979 4 4 3 4 1 4 1 13 1980 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 4 2 14 1 1984 4 4 2 1 4 1 1 4 2 14 1 1988 4 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 14 3 Totals 68 68 29 9 12 68 18 12 9 47 2 10 195 21 Table 5-3 Prince Edward Island—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 2 1 1 4 1940 2 1 1 4 1945 4 4 1949 3 1 4 1953 3 1 4 1957 3 1 4 1958 1 1 2 4 1962 2 2 4 1963 2 2 4 1965 2 2 4 1968 2 1 1 4 1972 1 1 2 4 1974 2 2 4 1979 1 1 2 4 1980 2 1 1 4 1984 1 2 1 4 1988 1 1 2 4 Totals 26 12 19 2 5 4 68 Means 38.2 17.6 27.9 2.9 7.4 5.9 122 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 5-4 Prince Edward Island—1935 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 3,510 36.4 5,895 61.1 249 2.6 9,654 Prince 5,063 35.4 9,233 64.6 14,296 Queens 1 15,029 40.1 20,629 55.0 1,840 4.9 37,498 Province Totals 23,602 38.4 35,757 58.2 2,089 3.4 61,448 Rejected 193 Total Vote Cast 61,641 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (4) Reconstn. = 2,089 2 'Dual constituency. Table 5-5 Prince Edward Island—1940 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,081 45.0 4,997 55.0 9,078 Prince 5,767 39.7 8,745 60.3 14,512 Queens 1 18,180 46.5 20,922 53.5 39,102 Province Totals 28,028 44.7 34,664 55.3 62,692 Rejected 251 Total Vote Cast 62,943 1 Dual constituency. Table 5-6 Prince Edward Island—1945 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,282 46.3 4,655 50.3 317 3.4 9,254 Prince 7,277 46.8 7,346 47.3 911 5.9 15,534 Queens 1 18,466 47.8 18,695 48.4 1,457 3.8 38,618 Province Totals 30,025 47.4 30,696 48.4 2,685 4.2 63,406 Rejected 401 Total Vote Cast 63,807 1 Dual constituency. 123 : Prince Edward Island Table 5-7 Prince Edward Island—1949 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,482 46.9 5,079 53.1 9,561 Prince 7,834 46.0 8,007 47.0 1,182 6.9 17,023 Queens 1 20,673 49.8 20,394 49.1 444 1.1 41,511 Province Totals 32,989 48.4 33,480 49.2 1,626 2.4 68,095 Rejected 298 Total Vote Cast 68,393 1 Dual constituency. Table 5-8 Prince Edward Island—1953 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,373 47.9 4,750 52.1 9,123 Prince 7,431 44.3 8,782 52.4 552 3.3 16,765 Queens 1 20,032 49.6 20,342 50.4 40,374 Province Totals 31,836 48.0 33,874 51.1 552 0.8 66,262 Rejected 300 Total Vote Cast 66,562 1 Dual constituency. Table 5-9 Prince Edward Island—1957 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,598 52.1 4,146 46.9 87 1.0 8,831 Prince 8,119 49.7 7,885 48.2 339 2.1 16,343 Queens 1 22,248 53.4 19,131 46.0 254 0.6 41,633 Province Totals 34,965 52.3 31,162 46.6 680 1.0 66,807 Rejected 414 Total Vote Cast 67,221 1 Dual constituency. 124 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 5-10 Prince Edward Island—1958 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 5,018 56.4 3,884 43.6 8,902 Prince 10,444 60.4 6,636 38.4 215 1.2 17,295 Queens 1 27,449 64.2 15,327 35.8 42,776 Province Totals 42,911 62.2 25,847 37.5 215 0.3 68,973 Rejected 329 Total Vote Cast 69,302 1 Dual constituency. Table 5-11 Prince Edward Island—1962 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,548 48.4 4,383 46.6 467 5.0 9,398 Prince 9,133 49.7 8,492 46.3 735 4.0 153 0.8 18,360 Queens 1 23,707 52.6 18,728 41.6 2,600 5.8 45,035 Province Totals 37,388 51.4 31,603 43.4 3,802 5.2 153 0.2 72,793 Rejected 563 Total Vote Cast 73,356 'Dual constituency. Table 5-12 Prince Edward Island—1963 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,304 47.4 4,705 51.9 62 0.7 9,071 Prince 8,387 47.7 8,967 50.9 247 1.4 17,601 Queens 1 23,274 54.8 18,401 43.3 831 2.0 42,506 Province Totals 35,965 52.0 32,073 46.4 1,140 1.6 69,178 Rejected 308 Total Vote Cast 69,486 1 Dual constituency. 125 : Prince Edward Island Table 5-13 Prince Edward Island—1965 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kings 4,591 50.2 4,451 48.7 106 1.2 9,148 Prince 9,082 51.1 8,312 46.8 384 2.2 17,778 Queens’ 24,893 55.8 18,769 42.0 973 2.2 44,635 Province Totals 38,566 53.9 31,532 44.1 1,463 2.0 71,561 Rejected 445 Total Vote Cast 72,006 1 Dual constituency. Table 5 — 14 Prince Edward Island—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cardigan 5,717 49.5 5,623 48.7 203 1.8 11,543 Egmont 7,182 53.5 5,945 44.3 292 2.2 13,419 Hillsborough 8,328 53.0 6,447 41.1 930 5.9 15,705 Malpeque 5,049 50.0 4,839 47.9 211 2.1 10,099 Province Totals 26,276 51.8 22,854 45.0 1,636 3.2 50,766 Rejected 459 Total Vote Cast 51,225 Table 5-15 Prince Edward Island—1972 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cardigan 5,111 41.2 5,528 44.5 1,771 14.3 12,410 Egmont 7,868 56.0 5,681 40.4 501 3.6 55 0.4 14,050 Hillsborough 10,605 55.1 7,168 37.3 1,464 7.6 19,237 Malpeque 5,835 53.5 4,573 42.0 493 4.5 10,901 Province Totals 29,419 52.0 22,950 40.5 4,229 7.5 55 0.1 56,598 Rejected 2,425 Total Vote Cast 59,023 126 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 5-16 Prince Edward Island—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Cardigan 5,429 42.4 6,958 54.3 423 3.3 12,810 Egmont 7,583 52.2 6,422 44.2 509 3.5 14,514 Hillsborough 9,917 50.4 8,577 43.6 1,197 6.1 19,691 Malpeque 5,649 50.6 4,975 44.6 537 4.8 77 0.7 11,238 Province Totals 28,578 49.1 26,932 46.3 2,666 4.6 77 0.1 58,253 Rejected 396 Total Vote Cast 58,649 Vote Cast for "Other”: None = 77 Ridings (4) 1 Table 5-17 Prince Edward Island —1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Cardigan 8,219 48.1 7,972 46.7 892 5.2 17,083 Egmont 8,861 56.1 6,233 39.4 710 4.5 15,804 Hillsborough 8,338 55.0 5,319 35.1 1,453 9.6 54 0.4 15,164 Malpeque 8,729 52.7 6,707 40.5 1,126 6.8 16,562 Province Totals 34,147 52.8 26,231 40.6 4,181 6.5 54 0.1 64,613 Rejected 518 Total Vote Cast 65,131 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (4) Libert. = 54 1 Table 5-18 Prince Edward Island —1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Cardigan 8,006 44.9 8,590 48.2 1,054 5.9 180 1.0 17,380 Egmont 7,033 42.6 8,639 52.4 824 5.0 16,496 Hillsborough 7,128 47.7 6,555 43.8 1,245 8.3 28 0.2 14,956 Malpeque 8,486 50.1 7,221 42.7 1,216 7.2 16,923 Province Totals 30,653 46.3 31,005 46.8 4,339 6.6 208 0.3 66,205 Rejected 353 Total Vote Cast 66,558 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (4) Ind. =180 1 M.-L. = 28 1 127 : Prince Edward island Table 5-19 Prince Edward Island—1984 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cardigan 10,566 53.4 8,344 42.1 891 4.5 19,807 Egmont 7,859 44.6 8,777 49.8 994 5.6 17,630 Hillsborough 9,158 54.2 6,768 40.1 846 5.0 442 2.6 17,214 Malpeque 10,577 56.4 6,186 33.0 2,006 10.7 18,769 Province Totals 38,160 52.0 30,075 41.0 4,737 6.5 442 0.6 73,414 Rejected 387 Total Vote Cast 73,801 Vote Cast for Other": None = 323 Ind. = 82 GP = 37 Ridings (4) 1 1 1 Table 5-21 Prince Edward Island Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1986 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % July 23, 1935 31,780 42.0 30 100.0 43,824 58.0 May 18, 1939 3 10.0 35,600 47.0 27 90.0 40,205 53.0 September 15, 1943 10 33.3 31,849 46.1 20 66.7 35,396 51.3 1,436 2.1 December 11, 1947 6 20.0 37,461 45.8 24 80.0 40,758 49.8 3,509 4.3 August 26, 1951 6 20.0 36,971 46.7 24 80.0 40,847 51.6 1,336 1.7 May 25, 1955 3 10.0 36,705 45.0 27 90.0 44,918 55.0 September 1, 1959 22 73.3 43,845 50.9 8 26.7 42,214 49.1 December 10, 1962 19 63.3 44,707 50.6 11 36.7 43,603 49.4 May 30, 1966 15 46.9 46,118 49.5 17 53.1 47,056 50.5 May 11, 1970 5 15.6 46,075 41.7 27 84.4 64,484 58.3 April 29, 1974 6 18.8 46,315 40.3 26 81.3 61,967 53.9 6,786 5.! June 1, 1978 15 46.9 60,878 48.1 17 53.1 64,133 50.7 1,173 o.< April 23, 1979 21 65.6 68,410 53.3 11 34.4 58,180 45.3 1,655 i.: September 27, 1982 21 65.6 71,274 53.7 11 34.4 60,771 45.8 629 0.! April 21, 1986 11 34.4 68,062 45.5 21 65.6 75,187 50.3 5,965 4.1 Totals and Means 163 37.7 44.0 301 69.7 48.1 1. Note: the above data represent the combined election returns for the two chambers, Assembly and Council, each having half the total seats 'CCF through 1959 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 128 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 5-20 Prince Edward Island—1988 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cardigan 7,936 43.9 9,325 51.6 805 4.5 18,066 Egmont 7,538 39.4 10,158 53.1 1,438 7.5 19,134 Hillsborough 8,638 42.4 8,897 43.7 1,984 9.7 842 4.1 20,361 Malpeque 7,260 40.2 9,381 51.9 1,434 7.9 18,075 Province Totals 31,372 41.5 37,761 49.9 5,661 7.5 842 1.1 75,636 Rejected 339 Total Vote Cast 75,975 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (4) Ind. = 569 1 CHP = 273 1 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 30 75,604 30 75,805 379 0.5 30 69,060 89 0.1 30 81,817 30 79,154 30 81,623 30 86,059 30 88,310 32 93,174 32 110,559 32 115,068 257 0.2 32 126,441 200 0.2 32 128,445 32 132,674 280 0.2 32 149,494 0.1 432 129 : Prince Edward Island 6 Nova Scotia Of the provinces discussed thus far, Nova Sco¬ tia would have to be considered one of the long¬ term strongholds of the Progressive Conserva¬ tives, while at the same time showing certain elements of a multiparty system. 1 Prior to this, as Dyck points out regarding its provincial poli¬ tics, it was a Liberal one-party dominant system from 1867 to 1956, for during this period there were only two short Conservative deviations from Liberal rule, and third parties had only brief success. . . . Depending on future Lib¬ eral prospects and leadership, the system could move in the direction of a two-and- one-half or a three-party system, since the level of third- party support appears to be rising consistently. 2 Looking at both sets of elections in this fifty-year period, it might be fair to describe the province as a “two-and-a-fraction” party system, If we examine only the internal politics of the prov¬ ince, we would have to question the conclusion of one of the leading commentators on the sub¬ ject, who sees it as “a one-and-a-half party sys¬ tem [which] has been converted into a genuine two-party system.” 3 It is quite possible that this conclusion is valid, based at it is on all results from 1867 to 1974. However, at both the federal and provin¬ cial levels, the Liberals have recently been in a long-term decline, finally interrupted in 1988. The Tories have been able to capture a majority of the seats in both sets of elections, especially in recent years, while the Liberals have been able to score occasional successes and the ndp has generally been able to win only a few seats. It seems likely that one of the two conclusions is time-bound, and it remains to be seen whether the long-term or shorter view will prevail. In 1935 Nova Scotia gave all its federal seats (and 52 percent of the popular vote) to the Lib¬ erals, a degree of one-party domination which has seldom been seen in Canada. However, unlike the long-term dominance of Quebec by the Liberals, or the recent control of Alberta by the Tories, it was never again to be quite this strong, declining to either 9 or 10 seats of the 12 through the next 4 elections. Starting with the 1953 election, the Progressive Conservatives were able to establish and fairly well maintain a long-term grip on the province. It won all of the seats in the 1958 landslide, and only lost a majority in 1963, when the then-dual constitu¬ ency of Halifax temporarily switched back to the Liberals. 4 For the 1957-88 period, the Tories have been able to win an average of 48.5 per¬ cent of the popular vote, while the Liberals have received only 40.2 percent. Third-party presence in Nova Scotia's elec¬ tions has generally been at a low level. The ccf/ ndp have been able to win only a few seats in these 17 federal elections, never more than one per election. In recent years their average share of the vote has increased to double digits, but they have suffered as a consequence of mal¬ distribution of their votes. For instance, in 1979 they received roughly half the votes won by the Liberals, and captured one seat, half of the Liberal total. Yet, in 1980, again capturing half the Liberal total, they won no seats at all, while the Liberals took five. In 1984 their vote fell off slightly to roughly 45 percent of the Liberal vote, and again won no seats to the Liberals’ two. And in 1988 they received less than a quarter of the Liberal vote. Taking these comparisons 131 : Nova Scotia even further, to the Progressive Conservatives, the maldistribution is even more apparent. Virtually every election has been contested by both major parties, the sole exception being in 1935, when the Conservatives were just one short of having candidates stand in every riding. The ccf/ndp has experienced mixed success in this regard in Nova Scotia, contesting all seats twice (1945 and 1962) from 1935 to 1963, but running a full slate starting in 1965. Social Credit had a great deal of difficulty in the province, fielding a few candidates in only six election years. Similarly, Independent and "other” party candidacies have seldom appeared in the prov¬ ince. Although Nova Scotia has had federal elec¬ tions which have been quite dominated by first one and then the other of the two major parties, the province has been relatively competitive. Nearly half of the elections have been decided by margins of less than 10 percent. Similarly, the proportion of elections decided by 25 per¬ cent or more has increased to almost 25 per¬ cent, although it is still below the national mean of 28 percent. Turning to provincial elections, we see a simi¬ lar lack of success for the minor parties. Social Credit did not have any candidates whatsoever. The ccf/ndp has had some marginal success, winning one to four seats in all but two of the 15 elections. What little success other candidacies had met with is really attributable to one person, the Member from Cape Breton Nova, who won as an Independent in 1981 and was the sole Labor Party candidate (out of 14) to win in 1984. Despite a weak initial showing over the first few elections of this period, the Tories have been able to win an absolute majority of all the seats contested in these 15 elections. In the first five, 1937-53, they were evidently handicapped by a maldistribution. In 1937, for example, they won only 5 of the 30 seats, while receiving 46 percent of the vote. Worse yet, in 1945 they received a third of the votes and won no seats, Table 6-1 Nova Scotia—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 87,893 32.1 12 100.0 142,334 52.0 1940 1 8.3 112,206 39.8 10 83.3 142,514 50.6 1 8.3 17,715 6.3 1945 2 16.7 114,214 36.8 9 75.0 141,911 45.7 1 8.3 51,892 16.7 1949 2 15.4 126,365 37.5 10 76.9 177,680 52.7 1 7.7 33,333 9.9 1953 1 8.3 133,498 40.1 10 83.3 176,554 53.0 "1 8.3 22,357 6.7 1957 10 83.3 197,676 50.4 2 16.7 176,891 45.1 17,117 4.4 1958 12 100.0 237,422 57.0 160,026 38.4 18,911 4.5 1962 9 75.0 198,902 47.3 2 16.7 178,520 42.4 1 8.3 39,689 9.4 1963 5 41.7 195,711 46.9 7 58.3 195,007 46.7 * 26,617 6.4 1965 10 83.3 203,123 48.6 2 16.7 175,415 42.0 38,043 9.1 1968 10 90.9 186,026 55.2 1 9.1 127,962 38.0 22,676 6.7 1972 10 90.9 204,460 53.4 1 9.1 129,738 33.9 47,072 12.3 1974 8 72.7 183,897 47.5 2 18.2 157,582 40.7 1 9.1 43,470 11.2 1979 8 72.7 193,099 45.4 2 18.2 151,078 35.5 1 9.1 79,603 18.7 1980 6 54.5 163,459 38.7 5 45.5 168,304 39.9 88,052 20$ 1984 9 81.8 233,713 50.7 2 18.2 154,954 33.6 70,190 15.$ 1988 5 45.5 196,390 40.9 6 54.5 223,175 46.5 54,515 11 .' Totals and Means 108 54.5 45.2 83 41.9 43.3 7 3.5 10.C 'CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 132 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Notes while the ccf, with 65,000 fewer votes, took two seats. The effects of this maldistribution on the Conservatives was notable. By returning to the legislature only a cor¬ poral’s guard of members from a party that normally polled two-fifths of the vote, that party was left lacking in leadership, low in morale, and deficient in organization. Only a deep-seated tradition of party identification enabled it to survive at all. 5 But survive it evidently has. In the last 10 elections, by contrast, the Tories have won 8 times, averaging 63.4 percent of the seats and 47.9 percent of the vote. Now it remains to be seen whether and when the Liberals, who have seen their popular vote share decrease to levels equaling the Conservative low point of 1945, can regain their impetus and once again be¬ come a competitive party in both federal as well as provincial elections. (see tables 6-1 through 6-21) 1. A useful if somewhat dated treatment of the broader subject of Nova Scotia's politics is J. Murray Beck, The Government of Nova Scotia (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957). 2. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), p. 125. 3. J. Murray Beck, "Nova Scotia: Tradition and Conser¬ vatism,” in Martin Robin, Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces, 2d ed. (Scar¬ borough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), p. 202. See also his "The Electoral Behaviour in Nova Scotia in 1965," Dalhousie Review 46 (Spring 1966), 29-38. 4. For reports on this intriguing but now-defunct anomaly, see Morris Davis, "Did They Vote for Candidate or Party in Halifax?” in John Meisel, ed.. Papers on the 1962 Election (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964), chap. 30; "Ballot Box Behaviour in Halifax Revisited," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science 39 (November 1964), 538-58; and "A Last Look at Ballot Box Behaviour in the Dual Constituency of Halifax," CJEPS 32 (August 1966), 366-71. 5. Beck, "Nova Scotia: Tradition and Conservatism," op cit., p. 192. Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 43,540 15.9 12 273,767 9,217 3.3 12 281,652 2,650 0.9 12 310,667 13 337,378 794 0.2 12 333,203 473 0.1 12 392,157 12 416,359 3,764 0.9 12 420,875 401 0.1 12 417,736 1,249 0.3 12 417,830 293 0.1 11 336,957 1,316 0.3 501 0.1 11 383,087 1,457 0.4 458 0.1 11 386,864 1,829 0.4 11 425,609 2,427 0.6 11 422,242 1,735 0.4 11 460,592 5,762 1.2 11 479,842 0.1 1.4 198 133 : Nova Scotia Table 6-2 Nova Scotia—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Year Total Seats Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Total Candi¬ dates Total Changing Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L 1935 12 11 9 12 3 9 11 12 46 9 1940 12 12 1 12 10 2 6 1 1 31 2 1945 12 12 1 1 12 9 1 12 1 5 41 1 1949 13 13 2 1 13 8 1 9 35 1 1953 12 12 1 2 12 8 2 5 1 30 2 1957 12 12 1 9 12 2 8 6 1 1 31 9 1958 12 12 10 2 12 2 4 28 2 1962 12 12 9 3 12 2 12 1 7 43 3 1963 12 12 6 1 3 12 2 3 9 1 2 35 4 1965 12 12 7 3 12 2 3 12 2 38 3 1968 11 11 10 11 1 11 4 1 38 1972 11 11 10 11 1 11 4 37 1974 11 11 8 2 11 1 1 11 1 8 4 45 2 1979 11 11 7 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 1 7 40 2 1980 11 11 6 1 11 2 3 1 11 1 9 42 3 1984 11 11 6 3 11 2 3 11 4 37 3 1988 1 11 11 5 3 11 2 3 11 13 46 3 Totals 198 197 89 21 25 198 54 25 21 163 2 3 3 26 59 643 49 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 10 seats which are comparable to the previous election. Table 6-3 Nova Scotia—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 3 2 1 2 4 12 1940 2 4 2 4 12 1945 4 1 3 2 1 1 12 1949 3 5 2 3 13 1953 3 1 3 1 2 2 12 1957 5 4 3 12 1958 1 2 3 2 4 12 1962 5 6 1 12 1963 4 8 12 1965 4 3 4 1 12 1968 1 1 3 2 2 2 11 1972 3 1 3 4 11 1974 1 3 3 4 11 1979 3 1 3 1 3 11 1980 3 1 5 2 11 1984 2 2 1 6 11 1988 4 4 1 2 11 Totals 46 49 37 17 22 27 198 Means 23.2 24.7 18.7 8.6 11.1 13.6 134 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 6-4 Nova Scotia—1935 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Antigonish-Guysborough 7,779 67.3 3,783 32.7 11,562 Cape Breton North-Victoria 4,067 29.3 6,457 46.4 3,377 24.3 13,901 Cape Breton South 7,355 26.1 10,409 37.0 10,373 36.9 28,137 Colchester-Hants 9,402 44.9 9,608 45.9 1,923 9.2 20,933 Cumberland 7,158 41.9 7,473 43.7 2,469 14.4 17,100 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 7,266 31.7 13,894 60.6 1,773 7.7 22,933 Halifax 1 26,874 31.3 47,470 55.4 11,398 13.3 85,742 Inverness-Richmond 4,672 27.8 9,488 56.4 2,648 15.8 16,808 Pictou 6,513 34.0 8,416 44.0 4,202 22.0 19,131 Queens-Lunenburg 9,500 48.1 10,238 51.9 19,738 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 5,086 28.6 11,102 62.4 1,594 9.0 17,782 Province Totals 87,893 32.1 142,334 52.0 43,540 15.9 273,767 Rejected 1,756 Total Vote Cast 275,523 Vote Cast for ‘‘Other ’: Ridings (12) Reconstn. = 38,175 10 Comm. = 5,365 1 i Dual constituency. Table 6-5 Nova Scotia—1940 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Antigonish-Guysborough 4,610 38.8 7,281 61.2 11,891 Cape Breton North-Victoria 5,156 38.0 6,326 46.6 2,097 15.4 13,579 Cape Breton South 9,719 29.8 11,364 34.8 11,582 35.5 32,665 Colchester-Hants 10,044 44.9 12,328 55.1 22,372 Cumberland 8,073 46.0 8,061 46.0 1,403 8.0 17,537 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 9,518 38.7 15,094 61.3 24,612 Halifax 1 36,311 41.0 41,487 46.8 1,561 1.8 9,217 10.4 88,576 Inverness-Richmond 7,069 43.7 9,123 56.3 16,192 Pictou 8,292 43.9 9,983 52.8 615 3.3 18,890 Queens-Lunenburg 6,845 38.2 10,616 59.2 457 2.6 17,918 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 6,569 37.7 10,851 62.3 17,420 Province Totals 112,206 39.8 142,514 50.6 17,715 6.3 9,217 3.3 281,652 Rejected 1,776 Total Vote Cast 283,428 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (12) Ind. Lib. = 9,217 1 1 Dual constituency. 135 : Nova Scotia Table 6-6 Nova Scotia—1945 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Antigonish-Guysborough 3,483 32.7 6,379 59.9 791 7.4 10,653 Cape Breton North-Victoria 5,441 38.3 5,895 41.4 2,886 20.3 14,222 Cape Breton South 7,343 20.8 10,529 29.8 16,575 46.9 917 2.6 35,364 Colchester-Hants 11,141 45.6 11,133 45.6 2,165 8.9 24,439 Cumberland 9,121 46.9 6,522 33.5 3,807 19.6 19,450 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 9,885 38.1 14,445 55.7 1,252 4.8 362 1.4 25,944 Halifax 1 36,219 34.5 50,023 47.6 17,720 16.9 1,048 1.0 105,010 Inverness-Richmond 5,037 33.7 8,177 54.8 1,720 11.5 14,934 Pictou 9,387 42.5 9,774 44.2 2,610 11.8 323 1.5 22,094 Queens-Lunenburg 8,562 43.8 9,693 49.6 1,295 6.6 19,550 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 8,595 45.2 9,341 49.1 1,071 5.6 19,007 Province Totals 114,214 36.8 141,911 45.7 51,892 16.7 2,650 0.9 310,667 Rejected 2,287 Total Vote Cast 312,954 Vote Cast for “Other'’: Ridings (12) Lab. Prog = 1.800 3 Ind. = 488 1 Farm-Lab. = 362 1 1 Dual constituency. Table 6-7 Nova Scotia—1949 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Annapolis-Kings 13,198 50.0 13,202 50.0 26,400 Antigonish-Guysborough 4,385 36.6 7,586 63.4 11,971 Cape Breton North and Victoria 5,083 30.5 9,461 56.8 2,102 12.6 16,646 Cape Breton South 5,618 16.9 12,608 37.9 15,057 45.2 33,283 Colchester-Hants 13,550 49.2 13,149 47.8 814 3.0 27,513 Cumberland 9,850 49.8 8,718 44.1 1,205 6.1 19,773 Digby-Yarmouth 9,505 46.2 11,084 53.8 20,589 Halifax 1 37,049 32.5 65,028 57.1 11,795 10.4 113,872 Inverness-Richmond 5,082 32.4 10,584 67.6 15,666 Lunenburg 7,527 44.5 8,829 52.2 574 3.4 16,930 Pictou 9,236 42.8 10,930 50.7 1,397 6.5 21,563 Queens-Shelburne 6,282 47.7 6,501 49.4 389 3.0 13,172 Province Totals 126,365 37.5 177,680 52.7 33,333 9.9 337,378 Rejected 1,550 Total Vote Cast 338,928 1 Dual constituency. 136 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 6-8 Nova Scotia—1953 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Antigonish-Guysborough 3,395 33.0 6,884 67.0 10,279 Cape Breton North and Victoria 6,218 39.5 9,535 60.5 15,753 Cape Breton South 4,726 15.4 10,151 33.1 14,971 48.9 794 2.6 30,642 Colchester-Hants 12,271 47.4 12,660 48.9 936 3.6 25,867 Cumberland 8,263 48.3 8,860 51.7 17,123 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 16,422 51.6 15,387 48.4 31,809 Halifax 1 50,664 40.8 68,809 55.3 4,851 3.9 124,324 Inverness-Richmond 5,302 37.0 9,033 63.0 14,335 Pictou 8,778 41.8 10,626 50.6 1,599 7.6 21,003 Queens-Lunenburg 10,067 43.5 13,053 56.5 23,120 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 7,392 39.0 11,556 61.0 18,948 Province Totals 133,498 40.1 176,554 53.0 22,357 6.7 794 0.2 333,203 Rejected 1,652 Total Vote Cast 334,855 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (12) Lab. Prog. = 794 1 'Dual constituency. Table 6-9 Nova Scotia—1957 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Antigonish-Guysborough 6,053 50.8 5,856 49.2 11,909 Cape Breton North and Victoria 9,097 46.5 8,717 44.5 1,753 9.0 19,567 Cape Breton South 14,894 40.4 11,539 31.3 10,447 28.3 36,880 Colchester-Hants 15,231 53.8 12,151 42.9 912 3.2 28,294 Cumberland 10,065 54.5 8,398 45.5 18,463 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 18,534 58.0 13,417 42.0 31,951 Halifax 1 82,239 50.6 76,695 47.2 3,546 2.2 162,480 Inverness-Richmond 7,177 47.2 8,035 52.8 15,212 Pictou 12,208 54.5 9,251 41.3 459 2.0 473 2.1 22,391 Queens-Lunenburg 12,372 50.6 12,098 49.4 24,470 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 9,806 47.7 10,734 52.3 20,540 Province Totals 197,676 50.4 176,891 45.1 17,117 4.4 473 0.1 392,157 Rejected 2,067 Total Vote Cast 394,224 1 Dual constituency. 137 : Nova Scotia Table 6-10 Nova Scotia—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Antigonish-Guysborough 6,758 53.7 5,827 46.3 12,585 Cape Breton North and Victoria 12,046 58.3 8,616 41.7 20,662 Cape Breton South 17,636 45.9 7,754 20.2 13,044 33.9 38,434 Colchester-Hants 15,653 54.5 11,779 41.0 1,267 4.4 28,699 Cumberland 11,379 60.2 7,525 39.8 18,904 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 19,432 58.2 13,981 41.8 33,413 Halifax 1 106,948 59.9 67,143 37.6 4,600 2.6 178,691 Inverness-Richmond 7,725 50.1 7,709 49.9 15,434 Pictou 13,618 60.4 8,911 39.6 22,529 Queens-Lunenburg 14,156 57.2 10,594 42.8 24,750 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 12,071 54.2 10,187 45.8 22,258 Province Totals 57.0 38.4 4.5 416,359 Rejected 2,120 Total Vote Cast 418,479 1 Dual constituency. Table 6-11 Nova Scotia— Riding 1962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Antigonish-Guysborough 6,183 48.3 6,296 49.2 208 1.6 104 0.8 12,791 Cape Breton North and Victoria 11,019 50.2 7,541 34.3 3,403 15.5 21,963 Cape Breton South 13,602 35.1 7,774 20.0 17,409 44.9 38,785 Colchester-Hants 14,128 47.8 13,836 46.8 1,207 4.1 411 1.4 29,582 Cumberland 9,524 50.7 7,817 41.6 1,265 6.7 165 0.9 18,771 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 17,499 52.6 14,511 43.6 803 2.4 456 1.4 33,269 Halifax 1 84,768 46.9 82,107 45.4 12,117 6.7 1,784 1.0 180,776 Inverness-Richmond 7,333 44.5 8,331 50.6 816 5.0 16,480 Pictou 10,837 49.3 9,153 41.6 1,539 7.0 470 2.1 21,999 Queens-Lunenburg 12,847 53.7 10,489 43.8 593 2.5 23,929 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 11,162 49.5 10,665 47.3 329 1.5 374 1.7 22,530 Province Totals 198,902 47.3 178,520 42.4 39,689 9.4 3,764 0.9 420,875 Rejected 2,681 Total Vote Cast 423,556 1 Dual constituency. 138 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 6-12 Nova Scotia—1963 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Antigonish-Guysborough 5,835 45.7 6,947 54.3 12,782 Cape Breton North and Victoria 10,508 49.2 8,507 39.8 2,347 11.0 21,362 Cape Breton South 14,307 38.9 9,184 24.9 13,327 36.2 36,818 Colchester-Hants 14,387 48.9 14,185 48.3 822 2.8 29,394 Cumberland 9,034 50.2 8,082 44.9 874 4.9 17,990 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 16,887 49.8 16,471 48.5 579 1.7 33,937 Halifax 1 84,203 46.0 91,447 50.0 7,326 4.0 182,976 Inverness-Richmond 7,013 45.6 8,373 54.4 15,386 Pictou 10,566 51.0 8,847 42.7 1,127 5.4 181 0.9 20,721 Queens-Lunenburg 12,591 52.6 11,357 47.4 23,948 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 10,380 46.3 11,607 51.8 215 1.0 220 1.0 22,422 Province Totals 195,711 46.9 195,007 46.7 26,617 6.4 401 0.1 417,736 Rejected 1,616 Total Vote Cast 419,352 1 Dual constituency. Table 6-13 Nova Scotia—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Antigonish-Guysborough 6,163 48.9 6,210 49.3 228 1.8 12,601 Cape Breton North and Victoria 11,258 52.8 8,208 38.5 1,868 8.8 21,334 Cape Breton South 13,670 37.0 12,455 33.7 10,846 29.3 36,971 Colchester-Hants 15,250 51.5 12,962 43.8 1,078 3.6 299 1.0 29,589 Cumberland 9,560 53.2 7,088 39.4 1,327 7.4 17,975 Digby-Annapolis-Kings 17,845 53.2 14,636 43.7 1,049 3.1 33,530 Halifax 1 86,990 47.4 78,133 42.6 17,370 9.5 950 0.5 183,443 Inverness-Richmond 6,798 44.3 8,137 53.0 427 2.8 15,362 Pictou 11,289 52.8 8,509 39.8 1,568 7.3 21,366 Queens-Lunenburg 13,556 57.7 9,193 39.1 744 3.2 23,493 Shelburne-Yarmouth-Clare 10,744 48.5 9,884 44.6 1,538 6.9 22,166 Province Totals 203,123 48.6 175,415 42.0 38,043 9.1 1,249 0.3 417,830 Rejected 2,316 Total Vote Cast 420,146 Vote Cast tor "Other": Ridings (12) Ind. = 1,249 2 'Dual constituency. 139 : Nova Scotia Table 6-14 Nova Scotia—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Annapolis Valley 17,435 56.6 12.342 40.1 1,007 3.3 30,784 Cape Breton-East Richmond 11,583 41.9 8,284 30.0 7,749 28.1 27,616 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 13,195 48.2 13,725 50.2 445 1.6 27,365 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 14,971 51.7 10,543 36.4 3,426 11.8 28,940 Central Nova 16,720 58.6 9,499 33.3 2,330 8.2 28,549 Cumberland-Colchester North 18,446 60.9 10,139 33.5 1,696 5.6 30,281 Dartmouth-Halifax East 19,694 55.2 14,429 40.4 1,572 4.4 35,695 Halifax 19,569 60.3 11,555 35.6 1,314 4.1 32,438 Halifax-East Hants 22,323 59.5 13,488 35.9 1,718 4.6 37,529 South Shore 17,547 58.5 11,668 38.9 764 2.5 29,979 South Western Nova 14,543 52.3 12,290 44.2 655 2.4 293 1.1 27,781 Province Totals 186,026 55.2 127,962 38.0 22,676 6.7 293 0.1 336,957 Rejected 2,643 Total Vote Cast 339,600 Vote Cast for "Other': Ridings (11) Ind. PC = 293 1 Table 6-15 Nova Scotia—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Annapolis Valley 20,962 58.5 12,800 35.7 1,788 5.0 299 0.8 35,849 Cape Breton-East Richmond 12,071 38.7 9,066 29.1 10,064 32.3 31,201 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 14,463 43.4 16,929 50.8 1,929 5.8 33,321 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 15,394 47.8 9,529 29.6 7,314 22.7 32,237 Central Nova 18,259 57.0 9,288 29.0 4,117 12.8 397 1.2 32,061 Cumberland-Colchester North 19,455 58.5 10,163 30.6 3,635 10.9 245 0.7 33,498 Dartmouth-Halifax East 24,553 57.5 13,543 31.7 4,358 10.2 261 0.6 42,715 Halifax 17,966 56.2 10,039 31.4 3,936 12.3 121 0.4 32,062 Halifax-East Hants 27,645 58.2 14,308 30.1 5,530 11.6 135 0.3 47,618 South Shore 18,653 57.3 11,602 35.6 2,297 7.1 • 32,552 South Western Nova 15,039 50.2 12.471 41.6 2,104 7.0 359 1.2 29,973 Province Totals 204,460 53.4 129,738 33.9 47,072 12.3 1,316 0.3 501 0.1 383,087 Rejected 8,503 Total Vote Cast 391,590 Vote Cast for “Other": None = 501 Ridings (11) 3 140 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 6-16 Nova Scotia—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal _NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % 1 Number ' % Total Annapolis Valley 19,174 52.5 15,712 43.0 1,366 3.7 121 0.3 135 0.4 36,508 Cape Breton-East Richmond 7,847 24.7 9,746 30.6 14,210 44.7 31,803 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 12,401 38.5 17,977 55.8 1,819 5.6 32,197 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 14,373 44.2 12,622 38.8 5,523 17.0 32,518 Central Nova 17,459 53.9 11,753 36.3 2,869 8.9 292 0.9 32,373 Cumberland-Colchester North 18,078 52.8 13,666 39.9 2,369 6.9 133 0.4 34,246 Dartmouth-Halifax East 22,090 51.5 17,444 40.6 3,076 7.2 181 0.4 135 0.3 42,926 Halifax 14,865 49.3 12,282 40.7 2,817 9.3 140 0.5 75 0.2 30,179 Halifax-East Hants 25,563 51.1 18,308 36.6 5,861 11.7 204 0.4 113 0.2 50,049 South Shore 18,206 54.5 13,006 39.0 1,950 5.8 222 0.7 33,384 South Western Nova 13,841 45.1 15,066 49.1 1,610 5.2 164 0.5 30,681 Province Totals 183,897 47.5 157,582 40.7 43,470 11.2 1,457 0.4 458 0.1 386,864 Rejected 1,966 Total Vote Cast 388,830 Vote Cast for "Other”: Ridings (11) M.-L. = 458 4 Table 6-17 Nova Scotia— Riding 1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Annapolis Valley-Hants 20,103 50.1 12,001 29.9 8,008 20.0 40,112 Cape Breton-East Richmond 7,411 22.0 10,257 30.5 15,269 45.3 734 2.2 33,671 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 13,736 38.8 17,047 48.1 4,657 13.1 35,440 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 12,011 34.0 12,857 36.4 10,310 29.2 128 0.4 35,306 Central Nova 18,907 56.6 9,988 29.9 4,521 13.5 33,416 Cumberland-Colchester 22,827 55.8 12,154 29.7 5,662 13.8 294 0.7 40,937 Dartmouth-Halifax East 21,441 48.7 15,453 35.1 7,116 16.2 44,010 Halifax 16,570 40.5 16,555 40.4 7,590 18.5 246 0.6 40,961 Halifax West 22,714 47.4 16,702 34.8 8,265 17.2 427 0.9 48,108 South Shore 20,867 57.1 11,666 31.9 3,988 10.9 36,521 South West Nova 16,512 44.5 16,398 44.2 4,217 11.4 37,127 Province Totals 193,099 45.4 151,078 35.5 79,603 18.7 1,829 0.4 425,609 Rejected 2,137 Total Vote Cast 427,746 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (11) Ind. = 1,458 4 M.-L. = 155 2 None = 152 1 Comm. 64 1 141 : Nova Scotia Table 6-18 Nova Scotia—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Annapolis Valley-Hants 17,152 42.0 12,804 31.3 10,338 25.3 576 1.4 40,870 Cape Breton-East Richmond 7,115 22.4 12,478 39.3 12,184 38.3 31,777 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 12,799 35.3 18,262 50.4 4,902 13.5 272 0.8 36,235 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 9,191 26.5 15,164 43.8 10,180 29.4 85 0.2 34,620 Central Nova 15,576 48.0 11,111 34.3 5,743 17.7 32,430 Cumberland-Colchester 18,463 46.3 13,737 34.5 7,111 17.8 531 1.3 39,842 Dartmouth-Halifax East 17,968 41.9 16,200 37.7 8,764 20.4 42,932 Halifax 15,710 38.6 16,949 41.6 8,009 19.7 48 0.1 40,716 Halifax West 19,195 40.0 18,522 38.6 10,043 20.9 266 0.6 48,026 South Shore 16,139 44.4 13,926 38.3 5,856 16.1 433 1.2 36,354 South West Nova 14,151 36.8 19,151 49.8 4,922 12.8 216 0.6 38,440 Province Totals 163,459 38.7 168,304 39.9 88,052 20.9 2,427 0.6 422,242 Rejected 1,813 Total Vote Cast 424,055 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (11) Ind. = 1,518 5 Rhino = 776 2 M.-L. = 133 2 Table 6-19 Nova Scotia— Riding 1984 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Annapolis Valley-Hants 23,580 53.8 12,463 28.5 6,987 16.0 762 1.7 43,792 Cape Breton-East Richmond 11,896 32.8 20,270 55.8 3,709 10.2 444 1.2 36,319 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 19,371 50.0 15,026 38.8 4,308 11.1 38,705 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 13,658 37.5 16,051 44.1 6,673 18.3 36,382 Central Nova 21,462 61.0 9,148 26.0 4,572 13.0 35,182 Cumberland-Colchester 24,180 57.3 12,489 29.6 5,527 13.1 42,196 Dartmouth-Halifax East 27,549 54.9 13,084 26.1 9,503 19.0 50,136 Halifax 18,779 44.8 14,411 34.4 8,576 20.4 174 1 0.4 41,940 Halifax West 30,287 54.3 13,529 24.2 11,626 20.8 355 0.6 55,797 South Shore 22,347 56.7 11,439 29.0 5,633 14.3 39,419 South West Nova 20,604 50.6 17,044 41.9 3,076 7.6 40,724 Province Totals 233,713 50.7 154,954 33.6 70,190 15.2 1,735 0.4 460,592 Rejected 2,293 Total Vote Cast 462,885 Vote Cast for "Other": Rhino = 1,206 Ind. = 355 None = 174 Ridings (11) 2 1 1 1 Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer lists these votes as "None," but Part IV (the analysis by riding) shows them as cast for an Independent. 142 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 6-20 Nova Scotia—1988 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Annapolis Valley-Hants 20,763 44.2 18,840 40.1 5,886 12.5 1,518 3.2 47,007 Cape Breton-East Richmond 7,173 20.8 22,786 66.2 4,482 13.0 34,441 Cape Breton Highlands-Canso 17,557 44.0 20,318 50.9 2,036 5.1 39,911 Cape Breton-The Sydneys 10,901 28.8 23,931 63.3 2,999 7.9 37,831 Central Nova 19,065 48.6 15,066 38.4 5,110 13.0 39,241 Cumberland-Colchester 20,384 46.2 18,340 41.6 4,112 9.3 1,298 2.9 44,134 Dartmouth 19,863 41.8 21,958 46.2 5,162 10.9 556 1.2 47,539 Halifax 19,840 38.0 22,470 43.0 9,269 17.7 671 1.3 52,250 Halifax West 24,815 44.8 21,409 38.6 9,011 16.3 217 0.4 55,452 South Shore 18,547 46.5 16,995 42.6 4,052 10.1 329 0.8 39,923 South West Nova 17,482 41.5 21,062 50.0 2,396 5.7 1,173 2.8 42,113 Province Totals 196,390 40.9 223,175 46.5 54,515 11.4 5,762 1.2 479,842 Rejected 1,822 Total Vote Cast 481,664 Vote Cast for ‘ Other ': Ridings (11) CHP = 3,579 3 Libert. = 1,068 3 Ind. = 344 2 Comlth. = 311 2 None = 309 2 Comm. = 151 1 143 : Nova Scotia Table 6-21 Nova Scotia Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % June 29, 1937 October 8, 1941 October 23, 1945 June 9, 1949 May 26, 1953 October 30, 1956 June 7, 1960 October 8, 1963 May 30, 1967 October 13, 1970 April 2, 1974 September 19, 1978 October 6, 1981 September 27, 1984 September 6, 1988 Totals and Means 5 16.7 143,670 4 13.3 106,133 0.0 97,774 7 18.9 134,311 13 35.1 150,480 24 55.8 160,996 27 62.8 168,023 39 90.7 191,128 40 87.0 180,498 21 45.7 177,986 12 26.1 166,388 31 59.6 203,500 37 71.2 200,228 42 80.8 209,298 28 53.8 202,705 330 51.6 46.0 25 83.3 40.3 23 76.7 33.5 28 93.3 39.2 27 73.0 43.6 22 59.5 48.6 18 41.9 48.3 15 34.9 56.2 4 9.3 52.8 6 13.0 46.9 23 50.0 38.6 31 67.4 45.8 17 32.7 47.5 13 25.0 50.6 6 11.5 43.4 21 40.4 42.5 279 43.7 165,397 52.9 138,915 52.7 3 153,503 52.7 2 174,604 51.0 2 169,118 49.0 2 159,656 48.2 1 147,951 42.6 1 134,873 39.7 142,945 41.8 174,943 46.1 2 206,648 47.9 3 175,218 39.4 4 139,604 33.2 1 129,310 31.3 3 185,062 39.6 2 41.9 26 10.0 18,583 7. 6.7 39,637 13. 5.4 32,869 9. 5.4 23,700 6. 2.3 9,932 3. 2.3 31,036 8. 14,076 4. 17,873 5. 4.3 25,259 6. 6.5 55,902 13. 7.7 63,979 14. 1.9 76,289 18. 5.8 65,876 15. 3.8 73,677 15. 4.1 8. ’CCF through 1960 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 144 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Jumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 3,396 1.1 30 312,463 30 263,631 634 0.2 30 291,548 1 2.7 749 0.2 37 342,533 2,065 0.6 37 345,363 812 0.2 43 331,396 650 0.2 43 347,660 43 340,077 498 0.1 46 341,814 1,464 0.4 46 379,652 2,220 0.5 46 431,158 2,008 0.5 52 444,705 1 1.9 5,002 1.2 52 421,123 1 1.9 8,952 2.2 52 413,436 1 1.9 5,638 1.2 52 467,082 4 0.6 0.5 639 145 : Nova Scotia 7 New Brunswick As compared to the three provinces we have examined thus far, New Brunswick emerges most clearly as a two-party electoral system at both the federal and provincial levels. 1 In most respects New Brunswick possesses Canada’s most perfect and longest standing two-party system. Ever since Confederation there have been two major parties in the province and they have alternated in power at regular intervals, most commonly after serving two terms each. 2 This is, as we have seen, rather characteristic of the Maritime Provinces. Yet it would be diffi¬ cult to attribute this to the ethnic homogeneity which otherwise characterizes the region, since New Brunswick is, of the four provinces in this region, most clearly and evenly divided between francophones and anglophones. 3 At the provin¬ cial level, Fitzpatrick describes New Brunswick as parochial, stagnant, and anachronistic .... The Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties dominate the political environment without fear of challenge or stimulation by third parties, traditionally sustained by gerry¬ mandering, patronage, and constituencies with hereditary political loyalties kept intact by ancient ethnic and religious antago¬ nisms. 4 For the most part the province has been pre¬ dominantly Liberal in its federal election returns. In the 17 elections we examine, a popular vote majority has been received 7 times, 6 of these by the Liberals. In terms of seats won, they have been able to gain a majority 10 times, and have evenly divided the seats with the Tories 4 times. Only in the 1958 and 1984 national Tory land¬ slides could they get a majority of both votes as well as seats. For the most part, the ndp has been unable to do well at the polls, never having won any seats or getting as much as 20 per¬ cent of the popular vote. The appearances of Social Credit were minimal and reflect both an absence of organization as well, apparently, of any popular appeal. Minor party candidacies and Independents have for the most part done poorly except for one instance in 1974, when an Independent defeated the Progressive Con¬ servative incumbent. Fle did not later stand for reelection. Writing in 1978, Fitzpatrick describes the province as 59.2 percent British versus 34.2 percent French in origin, and 51.7 percent Ro¬ man Catholic versus 40.6 percent of major Prot¬ estant sects. 5 Probably as a consequence of this narrow division of the citizens on ethno- linguistic and religious lines, electoral margins in New Brunswick are normally relatively narrow. Both parties, Liberals and Progressive Con¬ servatives, have been quite consistent in terms of contesting for office. As pointed out, the ndp has never really been able to establish a foot¬ hold in terms of popular vote and was not able to field candidates in every riding until 1965. Similarly, Social Credit has made only a mini¬ mal show of contesting for office, contesting every riding only once, in 1963. Given the ways in which the two major parties have insitution- alized conflict in the province, it is also not sur¬ prising that Independent and other candidates have made relatively few appearances in New Brunswick. Roughly a third of all the contests have been decided by 10 percent or less. This has changed 147 : New Brunswick radically since the 1972 ballot change which included party for the first time. In the period through 1968, 38.2 percent of all contests were won by less than 10 percent, and only 20 per¬ cent were won by margins of 25 percent or more. Since 1972, almost 37 percent have been won by these wide margins, suggesting that a polarization of the New Brunswick electorate has taken hold. However, this proposition should be treated with caution, for it would seem that we are not dealing with polarization so much as volatility, inasmuch as these wide margins are sometimes gained by Liberal and sometimes by Tory candidates. It is possible to read too much into these limited data, as the 1984 re¬ sults show. In this instance the Tories captured 9 of the 10 seats from New Brunswick, and 5 of these by wide margins, results not repeated in 1988. However, this was an instance in which the province's voters were not only following the national landslide, but were able to blur the differences which nominally divide them. The leadership of Brian Mulroney, a fluent French- speaking anglophone from Quebec Province, could appeal to Acadians and English-heritage voters alike, minimizing the normal support for Liberals by French and Irish Catholics. 6 At the provincial level each major party has enjoyed considerable success. So much are the minor parties excluded from governance that there has never been occasion to have coali¬ tion government in the province. Instead, there is a tendency for one of the two parties to win several elections in a row, creating a certain stability in office. So much is this the case that Premier Richard Bennett Hatfield held office from 1970 until his disastrous defeat in 1987, giving him the greatest seniority in that posi¬ tion of any provincial leader. It is notable that he did so despite an environment which has often focused on personal rather than issue politics. For instance, “during a 1970 budget debate, Table 7-1 New Brunswick—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 1 10.0 56,145 31.9 9 90.0 100,537 57.2 18,408 10 1940 5 50.0 74,970 43.4 5 50.0 94,383 54.6 761 0 1945 3 30.0 77,225 38.3 7 70.0 100,939 50.0 14,999 7 1949 2 20.0 88,049 39.4 8 80.0 120,369 53.8 9,450 4 1953 3 30.0 93,450 41.9 7 70.0 117,619 52.7 6,769 3 1957 5 50.0 114,060 48.7 5 50.0 112,518 48.1 2,001 0 1958 7 70.0 133,935 54.1 3 30.0 107,297 43.4 4,541 1 1962 4 40.0 115,973 46.5 6 60.0 110,850 44.4 13,220 5 1963 4 40.0 98,462 40.4 6 60.0 115,036 47.3 8,899 3 1965 4 40.0 102,714 42.5 6 60.0 114,781 47.5 22,759 9 1968 5 50.0 125,269 49.7 5 50.0 111,843 44.4 12,277 4 1972 5 50.0 131,455 44.9 5 50.0 125,935 43.1 16,703 5 1974 3 30.0 94,934 33.0 6 60.0 135,723 47.2 24,869 8 1979 4 40.0 134,998 40.0 6 60.0 150,634 44.6 51,642 15 1980 3 30.0 109,056 32.5 7 70.0 168,316 50.1 54,517 16 1984 9 90.0 202,144 53.6 1 10.0 120,326 31.9 53,332 14 1988 5 50.0 155,062 40.4 5 50.0 173,960 45.4 35,790 9 Totals and Means 72 42.4 42.4 97 57.1 47.4 7 'CCF through 1958 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 148 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 the Minister of Education could make paren¬ thetical references to then Opposition Leader Hatfield’s apparent reluctance to marry, implying some deficiency in the frontier virtues.” 7 Per¬ haps because of this focus on personality poli¬ tics, the highly popular Hatfield was able to lead his party in 1982 to its strongest victory, leaving the Liberals with just 13 seats in the Legislative Assembly. During 1985 the premier had to face a number of charges alleging a fondness for drugs and parties with young boys. 8 This latter is probably the major reason why his party re¬ ceived its biggest defeat ever in 1987. In that election the Liberals received over 60 percent of the popular vote and took every seat. This is only the second time this has happened, the last in 1935 when the Liberals won all seats in Prince Edward Island. Clearly, such a success (or failure) by one of the two parties is most un¬ usual and cannot be expected to continue. As the Hatfield debacle recedes in memory, we can expect a restoration of some semblance of the normal balance between the parties. (see tables 7-1 through 7-21) Notes 1. A useful overview of the province s political life is provided in Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), chap. 4. Also useful if somewhat dated is P. J. Fitzpatrick, "New Brunswick: The Politics of Pragmatism," in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces, 2d ed. (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), pp. 129-37. 2. Dyck, op. cit., pp. 163-64. 3. A recent study of this aspect of New Brunswick's political culture is Stephen H. Ullman, "The Political Attitudes of New Brunswick's Acadian and Anglophones: Old Wine in New Bottles?" American Review of Canadian Studies 16 (Summer 1986), 161-80. 4. Fitzpatrick, op. cit., p. 120. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid., p. 123. 8. See Maclean's 98 (February 18, 1985), pp. 12-15. Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total umber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 672 0.4 10 175,762 2,679 1.6 10 172,793 2,300 1.1 6,423 3.2 10 201,886 5,789 2.6 10 223,657 931 0.4 4,317 1.9 10 223,086 2,420 1.0 3,159 1.3 10 234,158 1,711 0.7 10 247,484 9,016 3.6 441 0.2 10 249,500 21,050 8.6 10 243,447 1,433 0.6 10 241,687 1,769 0.7 821 0.3 10 251,979 16,450 5.6 1,948 0.7 10 292,491 8,407 2.9 1 10.0 23,417 8.1 10 287,350 258 0.1 10 337,532 3,841 1.1 10 335,730 102 0.1 1,446 0.4 10 377,350 18,773 4.9 10 383,585 1.5 1 0.6 1.6 170 149 : New Brunswick Table 7-2 New Brunswick—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Year Total Seats Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Total Candi¬ dates Total Changing Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L 1935 10 10 1 7 10 2 7 10 30 7 1940 10 10 1 4 10 5 4 1 1 22 4 1945 10 9 3 2 10 5 2 8 1 1 29 2 1949 10 10 2 1 10 7 1 6 3 29 1 1953 10 10 3 2 10 5 2 7 1 1 29 2 1957 10 10 4 1 10 5 1 2 2 1 25 1 1958 10 10 5 2 10 3 2 3 3 26 2 1962 10 10 4 3 10 3 3 7 8 1 36 3 1963 10 10 4 10 6 7 10 37 1965 10 10 4 10 6 10 1 1 32 1968 1 10 10 2 1 10 3 1 10 3 33 1 1972 10 10 5 10 5 10 8 1 39 1974 10 10 3 2 10 5 1 10 5 3 1 38 2 1979 10 10 3 1 10 5 1 1 10 1 1 31 2 1980 10 10 3 1 10 6 1 10 9 39 1 1984 10 10 3 6 10 1 6 10 1 4 35 6 1988 1 10 10 4 2 10 2 10 13 43 2 Totals 170 169 54 17 18 170 72 18 17 121 40 53 1 1 553 35 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 6 seats which are comparable to the previous election Table 7-3 New Brunswick—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 2 1 1 1 5 10 1940 4 1 1 1 3 10 1945 2 2 2 1 3 10 1949 3 1 1 1 2 2 10 1953 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 1957 1 4 1 3 1 10 1958 3 2 2 1 1 1 10 1962 2 3 3 1 1 10 1963 1 2 2 1 2 2 10 1965 1 1 2 4 2 10 1968 1 1 4 2 2 10 1972 1 2 3 1 3 10 1974 2 3 1 4 10 1979 1 1 3 1 4 10 1980 2 3 5 10 1984 1 2 2 5 10 1988 3 3 2 1 1 10 Totals 29 29 33 24 11 44 170 Means 17.1 16.3 17.1 19.4 6.5 25.9 150 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 7-4 New Brunswick—1935 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 3,386 32.1 5,436 51.5 1,732 16.4 10,554 Gloucester 2,962 18.8 11,816 75.0 985 6.2 15,763 Kent 1,593 16.7 6,504 68.2 1,442 15.1 9,539 Northumberland 3,253 23.9 7,662 56.3 2,697 19.8 13,612 Restigouche-Madawaska 4,045 23.0 13,562 77.0 17,607 Royal 7,474 47.8 7,329 46.8 849 5.4 15,652 St. John-Albert 11,643 36.9 15,125 48.0 4,766 15.1 31,534 Victoria-Carleton 6,405 40.8 7,500 47.8 1,791 11.4 15,696 Westmorland 6,342 24.4 16,307 62.8 3,312 12.8 25,961 York-Sunbury 9,042 45.6 9,296 46.8 1,506 7.6 19,844 Province Totals 56,145 31.9 100,537 57.2 19,080 10.9 175,762 Rejected 1,723 Total Vote Cast 177,485 Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (10) Reconstn. = 18,408' 9 Ind. Lib. = 672 1 'Details of the Reconstruction vote can be found in Scarrow (1962). Table 7-5 New Brunswick—1940 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 4,391 41.9 6,099 58.1 10,490 Gloucester 5,447 34.3 10,451 65.7 15,898 Kent 3,032 35.2 5,582 64.8 8,614 Northumberland 5,149 39.9 5,072 39.3 2,679 20.8 12,900 Restigouche-Madawaska 5,239 30.1 12,164 69.9 17,403 Royal 8,017 52.7 7,196 47.3 15,213 St. John-Albert 15,110 50.3 14,197 47.2 761 2.5 30,068 Victoria-Carleton 7,974 52.3 7,283 47.7 15,257 Westmorland 10,259 38.4 16,431 61.6 26,690 York-Sunbury 10,352 51.1 9,908 48.9 20,260 Province Totals 74,970 43.4 94,383 54.6 761 0.4 2,679 1.6 172,793 Rejected 1,941 Total Vote Cast 174,734 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. Lib. = 2,679 Ridings (10) 1 151 : New Brunswick Table 7-6 New Brunswick—1945 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 5,456 49.9 5,486 50.1 10,942 Gloucester 11,683 62.4 609 3.3 6,423 34.3 18,715 Kent 3,089 29.4 6,835 65.0 584 5.6 10,508 Northumberland 7,425 46.6 8,507 53.4 15,932 Restigouche-Madawaska 5,205 23.5 12,200 55.2 2,412 10.9 2,300 10.4 22,117 Royal 8,915 53.0 6,769 40.2 1,134 6.7 16,818 St. John-Albert 16,205 46.8 14,248 41.1 4,190 12.1 34,643 Victoria-Carleton 9,365 54.5 7,132 41.5 689 4.0 17,186 Westmorland 11,612 35.7 17,251 53.0 3,707 11.4 32,570 York-Sunbury 9,953 44.3 10,828 48.2 1,674 7.5 22,455 Province Totals 77,225 38.3 100,939 50.0 14,999 7.4 2,300 1.1 6,423 3.2 201,886 Rejected 2,387 Total Vote Cast 204,273 Vote Cast for "'Other ': Ridings (10) Ind. = 6,423 1 Table 7-7 New Brunsv Riding vick—1949 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Charlotte 6,139 49.8 6,197 50.2 12,336 Gloucester 6,391 30.2 14,759 69.8 21,150 Kent 2,496 21.3 5,754 49.0 406 3.5 3,084 26.3 11,740 Northumberland 6,980 39.5 9,840 55.6 336 1.9 533 3.0 17,689 Restigouche-Madawaska 6,238 25.6 15,919 65.4 2,172 8.9 24,329 Royal 9,501 51.9 7,863 43.0 933 5.1 18,297 St. John-Albert 17,052 44.7 18,691 48.9 2,445 6.4 38,188 Victoria-Carleton 10,429 55.0 8,539 45.0 18,968 Westmorland 11,696 32.4 20,649 57.3 3,702 10.3 36,047 York-Sunbury 11,127 44.7 12,158 48.8 1,628 6.5 24,913 Province Totals 88,049 39.4 120,369 53.8 9,450 4.2 5,789 2.6 223,657 Rejected 2,220 Total Vote Cast 225,877 Vote Cast for "Other”: Ind. Lib = 3,084 Un. Elec = 2,172 Ind. = 533 Ridings (10) 1 1 1 152 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 7-8 New Brunswick—1953 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 5,180 44.1 6,155 52.4 416 3.5 11,751 Gloucester 9,542 41.2 13,330 57.6 276 1.2 23,148 Kent 3,603 33.9 7,039 66.1 10,642 Northumberland 5,107 30.8 10,666 64.3 808 4.9 16,581 Restigouche-Madawaska 7,724 29.2 13,266 50.2 1,126 4.3 4,317 16.3 26,433 Royal 9,725 55.0 7,968 45.0 17,693 St. John-Albert 18,881 49.5 18,338 48.1 933 2.4 38,152 Victoria-Carleton 8,445 49.1 7,809 45.4 931 5.4 17,185 Westmorland 14,788 39.9 20,160 54.4 2,099 5.7 37,047 York-Sunbury 10,455 42.8 12,888 52.7 1,111 4.5 24,454 Province Totals 93,450 41.9 117,619 52.7 6,769 3.0 931 0.4 4,317 1.9 223,086 Rejected 2,304 Total Vote Cast 225,390 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (10) Ind. Lib. = 4,317 1 Table 7-9 New Brunsw Riding ick—1957 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Charlotte 5,756 47.4 6,393 52.6 12,149 Gloucester 9,502 42.1 13,052 57.9 22,554 Kent 4,682 42.2 6,424 57.8 11,106 Northumberland-Miramichi 6,635 36.1 8,582 46.7 3,159 17.2 18,376 Restigouche-Madawaska 15,774 54.7 13,037 45.3 28,811 Royal 10,051 59.0 6,977 41.0 17,028 St. John-Albert 21,983 53.6 19,047 46.4 41,030 Victoria-Carleton 9,843 58.2 6,115 36.2 944 5.6 16,902 Westmorland 16,478 42.0 19,873 50.7 1,373 3.5 1,476 3.8 39,200 York-Sunbury 13,356 49.5 13,018 48.2 628 2.3 27,002 Province Totals 114,060 48.7 112,518 48.1 2,001 0.9 2,420 1.0 3,159 1.3 234,158 Rejected 2,839 Total Vote Cast 236,997 Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (10) Ind. = 3,159 1 153 : New Brunswick Table 7-10 New Brunswick—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 6,448 52.6 5,806 47.4 12,254 Gloucester 11,705 47.2 13,112 52.8 24,817 Kent 4,988 44.9 6,118 55.1 11,106 Northumberland-Miramichi 9,257 47.6 10,206 52.4 19,463 Restigouche-Madawaska 17,221 56.2 12,909 42.1 538 1.8 30,668 Royal 10,483 59.9 7,031 40.1 17,514 St. John-Albert 27,049 63.9 13,917 32.9 1,394 3.3 42,360 Victoria-Carleton 10,692 60.0 6,483 36.4 651 3.7 17,826 Westmorland 20,149 48.3 18,597 44.5 2,478 5.9 522 1.3 41,746 York-Sunbury 15,943 53.6 13,118 44.1 669 2.3 29,730 Province Totals 133,935 54.1 107,297 43.4 4,541 1.8 1,711 0.7 247,484 Rejected 2,222 Total Vote Cast 249,706 Table 7-11 New Brunswick—1962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 5,518 45.7 6,159 51.0 396 3.3 12,073 Gloucester 10,174 42.9 13,519 57.1 23,693 Kent 4,366 40.5 5,514 51.1 464 4.3 441 4.1 10,785 Northumberland-Miramichi 7,020 37.3 9,899 52.6 1,150 6.1 750 4.0 18,819 Restigouche-Madawaska 12,992 43.9 13,525 45.7 1,256 4.2 1,794 6.1 29,567 Royal 9,805 53.0 7,414 40.1 762 4.1 504 2.7 18,485 Saint John-Albert 22,586 51.8 16,790 38.5 2,641 6.1 1,608 3.7 43,625 Victoria-Carleton 10,439 57.3 6,235 34.2 1,547 8.5 18,221 Westmorland 17,818 41.6 18,334 42.8 5,848 13.7 836 2.0 42,836 York-Sunbury 15,255 48.6 13,461 42.9 1,167 3.7 1,513 4.8 31,396 Province Totals 115,973 46.5 110,850 44.4 13,220 5.3 9,016 3.6 441 0.2 249,500 Rejected 2,553 Total Vote Cast 252,053 Vote Cast for 'Other": Ridings (10) Ind. Lib. = 441 1 154 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 7-12 New Brunswick—1963 Election Results by Riding Prog, Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 5,284 44.6 6,279 53.0 118 1.0 159 1.3 11,840 Gloucester 4,515 19.4 13,344 57.5 5,365 23.1 23,224 Kent 3,095 31.0 5,971 59.7 226 2.3 705 7.1 9,997 Northumberland-Miramichi 6,305 35.1 10,148 56.6 844 4.7 646 3.6 17,943 Restigouche-Madawaska 5,400 18.7 14,111 49.0 9,306 32.3 28,817 Royal 9,524 53.5 7,314 41.1 426 2.4 539 3.0 17,803 Saint John-Albert 21,584 51.7 16,669 39.9 1,869 4.5 1,606 3.8 41,728 Victoria-Carleton 10,572 59.0 6,533 36.5 811 4.5 17,916 Westmorland 16,356 39.4 19,989 48.1 4,415 10.6 771 1.9 41,531 York-Sunbury 15,827 48.5 14,678 45.0 1,001 3.1 1,142 3.5 32,648 Province Totals 98,462 40.4 115,036 47.3 8,899 3.7 21,050 8.6 243,447 Rejected 2,110 Total Vote Cast 245,557 Table 7-13 New Brunswick—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Charlotte 5,226 45.2 5,879 50.8 462 4.0 11.567 Gloucester 6,351 27.3 14,121 60.6 2,826 12.1 23,298 Kent 2,306 24.2 5,713 59.9 1,512 15.9 9,531 Northumberland-Miramichi 6,529 35.3 9,564 51.6 2,424 13.1 18,517 Restigouche-Madawaska 10,163 37.0 15,211 55.4 1,017 3.7 1,081 3.9 27,472 Royal 9,865 55.4 6,619 37.2 1,324 7.4 17,808 Saint John-Albert 21,909 51.4 15,609 36.6 5,081 11.9 42,599 Victoria-Carleton 9,462 57.3 6,388 38.7 298 1.8 352 2.1 16,500 Westmorland 15,090 36.1 20,768 49.7 5,943 14.2 41,801 York-Sunbury 15,813 48.5 14,909 45.7 1,872 5.7 32,594 Province Totals 102,714 42.5 114,781 47.5 22,759 9.4 352 0.1 1,081 0.4 241,687 Rejected 2,497 Total Vote Cast 244,184 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (10) RC = 1,081 1 155 : New Brunswick Table 7-14 New Brunswick—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Carleton-Charlotte 15,469 62.8 8,330 33.8 848 3.4 24,647 Fundy-Royal 17,013 61.3 9,435 34.0 1,316 4.7 27,764 Gloucester 8,960 40.4 12,196 55.0 1,007 4.5 22,163 Madawaska-Victoria 9,541 48.1 9,924 50.0 379 1.9 19,844 Moncton 17,969 50.1 15,013 41.9 2,332 6.5 553 1.5 35,867 Northumberland-Miramichi 7,853 40.4 10,292 53.0 1,290 6.6 19,435 Restigouche 7,049 36.0 9,991 51.1 748 3.8 1,769 9.0 19,557 Saint John-Lancaster 15,756 53.1 12,160 41.0 1,508 5.1 268 0.9 29,692 Westmorland-Kent 8,265 38.3 11,519 53.3 1,821 8.4 21,605 York-Sunbury 17,394 55.4 12,983 41.3 1,028 3.3 31,405 Province Totals 125,269 49.7 111,843 44.4 12,277 4.9 2,590 1.0 251,979 Rejected 2,737 Total Vote Cast 254,716 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (10) RC 1.769 1 Ind. = 553 1 Ind. PC = 268 1 Table 7-15 New Brunswick—1972 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Carleton-Charlotte 14,431 60.2 7,715 32.2 1,831 7.6 23,977 Fundy-Royal 19,107 60.5 9,343 29.6 2,186 6.9 937 3.0 31,573 Gloucester 6,914 24.6 14,212 50.6 521 1.9 4,487 16.0 1,948 6.9 28,082 Madawaska-Victoria 8,822 37.2 13,104 55.3 1,763 7.4 23,689 Moncton 22,657 52.6 17,124 39.8 2,003 4.7 1,273 3.0 43,057 Northumberland-Miramichi 9,007 39.0 10,922 47.3 2,419 10.5 765 3.3 23,113 Restigouche 5,698 23.8 11,650 48.7 1,110 4.6 5,450 22.8 23,908 Saint John-Lancaster 16,350 53.9 12,783 42.2 788 2.6 394 1.3 30,315 Westmorland-Kent 8,107 30.8 14,747 56.0 2,104 8.0 1,381 5.2 26,339 York-Sunbury 20,362 53.0 14,335 37.3 3,741 9.7 38,438 Province Totals 131,455 44.9 125,935 43.1 16,703 5.7 16,450 5.6 1,948 0.7 292,491 Rejected 5,673 Total Vote Cast 298,164 Vote Cast for “Other": None = 1,109 Ind. = 839 Ridings (10) 1 1 156 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 7-16 New Brunswick—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Carleton-Charlotte 12,315 50.5 9,681 39.7 2,387 9.8 24,383 Fundy-Royal 13,631 43.4 10,845 34.5 4,337 13.8 2,628 8.4 31,441 Gloucester 6,571 23.1 16,195 57.1 1,685 5.9 3,935 13.9 28,386 Madawaska-Victoria 7,023 31.6 14,310 64.3 906 4.1 22,239 Moncton 6,456 14.3 16,199 35.9 1,501 3.3 343 0.8 20,671 45.8 45,170 Northumberland-Miramichi 8,661 36.1 12,648 52.7 2,297 9.6 405 1.7 24,011 Restigouche 4,695 20.9 12,492 55.5 2,262 10.1 3,053 13.6 22,502 Saint John-Lancaster 11,419 41.0 12,860 46.2 3,457 12.4 118 0.4 27,854 Westmorland-Kent 6,490 24.8 16,340 62.3 2,710 10.3 671 2.6 26,211 York-Sunbury 17,673 50.3 14,153 40.3 3,327 9.5 35,153 Province Totals 94,934 33.0 135,723 47.2 24,869 8.7 8,407 2.9 23,417 8.1 287,350 Rejected 2,142 Total Vote Vast 289,492 Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (10) Ind. = 23,299 2 M.-L. = 118 1 Table 7-17 New Brunswick—1979 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Carleton-Charlotte 16,603 55.6 9,308 31.1 3,971 13.3 29,882 Fundy-Royal 19,135 47.3 13,589 33.6 7,746 19.1 40,470 Gloucester 13,872 38.9 18,387 51.6 3,366 9.4 35,625 Madawaska-Victoria 8,171 31.9 15,851 61.8 1,620 6.3 25,642 Moncton 18,446 38.2 20,940 43.3 8,936 18.5 48,322 Northumberland-Miramichi 9,467 35.0 12,893 47.7 4,653 17.2 27,013 Restigouche 7,009 26.4 14,840 55.9 4,718 17.8 26,567 Saint John-Lancaster 13,989 41.6 13,316 39.6 6,358 18.9 33,663 Westmorland-Kent 6,584 21.3 19,695 63.8 4,609 14.9 30,888 York-Sunbury 21,722 55.0 11,815 29.9 5,665 14.4 258 0.7 39,460 Province Totals 134,998 40.0 150,634 44.6 51,642 15.3 258 0.1 337,532 Rejected 2,028 Total Vote Cast 339,560 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (10) Ind. = 258 1 157 : New Brunswick Table 7-18 New Brunswick—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Carleton-Charlotte 14,565 48.0 11,091 36.6 4,680 15.4 407 1.3 30,743 Fundy-Royal 16,805 41.3 15,197 37.4 8,668 21.3 480 1.2 41,150 Gloucester 6,846 19.7 22,229 64.0 4,484 12.9 1,354 3.9 34,913 Madawaska-Victoria 5,979 22.9 17,190 65.8 2,943 11.3 26,112 Moncton 16,277 35.0 22,365 48.1 7,791 16.8 197 0.4 46,630 Northumberland-Miramichi 7,517 27.8 14,799 54.8 4,694 17.4 27,010 Restigouche 5,119 19.1 16,560 61.7 4,457 16.6 899 3.3 27,035 Saint John 12,363 39.0 13,122 41.4 5,978 18.9 204 0.6 31,667 Westmorland-Kent 5,339 16.6 21,625 67.1 5,255 16.3 32,219 York-Sunbury 18,246 47.7 14,138 37.0 5,567 14.6 300 0.8 38,251 Province Totals 109,056 32.5 168,316 50.1 54,517 16.2 3,841 1.1 335,730 Rejected 1,814 Total Vote Cast 337,544 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (10) Rhino = 1,790 2 None = 1,437 5 Ind = 308 2 Libert. = 161 2 M.-L. = 145 3 Table 7-19 New Brunswick—1984 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Carleton-Charlotte 19,864 61.6 7,752 24.1 4,608 14.3 32,224 Fundy-Royal 26,021 56.6 11,482 25.0 8,487 18.5 45,990 Gloucester 23,524 55.1 16,378 38.4 2,188 5.1 584 1.4 42,674 Madawaska-Victoria 16,411 51.9 13,245 41.9 1,968 6.2 31,624 Moncton 29,936 57.2 14,557 27.8 7,629 14.6 243 0.5 52,365 Northumberland-Miramichi 17,134 53.9 11,971 37.7 2,660 8.4 31,765 Restigouche 14,089 45.6 12,250 39.7 4,526 14.7 • 30,865 Saint John 16,604 52.2 8,109 25.5 6,752 21.2 102 0.3 242 0.8 31,809 Westmorland-Kent 13,371 38.0 14,709 41.8 7,148 20.3 35,228 York-Sunbury 25,190 58.8 9,873 23.1 7,366 17.2 377 0.9 42,806 Province Totals 202,144 53.6 120,326 31.9 53,332 14.1 102 0.0 1,446 0.4 377,350 Rejected 2,500 Total Vote Cast 379,850 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. = 1,204 Libert. = 242 Ridings (10) 3 1 158 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 7-20 New Brunswick—1988 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Beausejour 10,525 27.2 22,650 58.6 3,958 10.2 1,511 3.9 38,644 Carleton-Charlotte 16,026 47.2 14,116 41.6 2,596 7.7 1,183 3.5 33,921 Fredericton 20,494 43.0 18,939 39.7 4,922 10.3 3,325 7.0 47,680 Fundy-Royal 21,129 46.7 16,411 36.3 4,965 11.0 2,756 6.1 45,261 Gloucester 16,721 42.7 20,251 51.7 2,163 5.5 39,135 Madawaska-Victoria 14,747 48.2 13,385 43.8 2,441 8.0 30,573 Miramichi 8,983 32.4 14,073 50.8 1,686 6.1 2,954 10.7 27,696 Moncton 17,273 34.0 23,815 46.9 4,904 9.7 4,787 9.4 50,779 Restigouche 12,366 40.0 15,252 49.4 3,272 10.6 30,890 Saint John 16,798 43.1 15,068 38.6 4,883 12.5 2,257 5.8 39,006 Province Totals 155,062 40.4 173,960 45.4 35,790 9.3 18,773 4.9 383,585 Rejected 2,624 Total Vote Cast 386,209 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (10) CRWP = 16,669 7 CHP 909 1 Ind. = 415 2 Rhino = 316 1 Libert. = 289 1 None = 175 1 159 : New Brunswick Table 7-21 New Brunswick Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1987 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number °/ June 27, 1935 5 10.4 229,690 40.2 43 89.6 340,621 59.6 November 20, 1939 19 39.6 243,607 45.0 29 60.4 296,838 54.8 712 0 August 28, 1944 11 22.9 233,371 40.0 37 77.1 282,397 48.4 68,248 11 June 28, 1948 5 9.6 179,690 31.2 47 90.4 332,321 57.8 34,415 6 September 22, 1952 36 69.2 369,919 48.9 16 30.8 372,140 49.2 9,490 1 June 18, 1956 37 71.2 391,775 52.2 15 28.8 346,021 46.1 June 27, 1960 21 40.4 362,171 46.2 31 59.6 418,043 53.4 April 22, 1963 20 38.5 367,673 48.2 32 61.5 395,543 51.8 October 23, 1967 26 44.8 354,070 47.1 32 55.2 396,354 52.7 1,247 0 October 26, 1970 32 55.2 354,441 48.5 26 44.8 354,944 48.5 20,383 2 November 18, 1974 33 56.9 145,304 46.9 25 43.1 147,272 47.5 9,092 2 October 23, 1978 30 51.7 146,808 44.4 28 48.3 146,507 44.3 21,403 6 October 12, 1982 39 67.2 182,467 47.4 18 31.0 158,840 41.3 1 1.7 39,211 10 October 13, 1987 116,798 28.6 58 100.0 246,702 60.4 43,083 10 Totals and Means 314 41.8 43.9 437 58.1 51.1 1 0.1 3 'CCF through 1960 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 160 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Other 2 _ Social Credit Seats Votes Seats Votes Total slumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1,482 0.3 48 571,793 562 0.1 48 541,719 48 584,016 3,134 1.0 25,500 4.4 52 575,060 4,858 0.6 52 756,407 11,828 3.1 726 0.1 52 750,350 3,185 0.4 52 783,399 7 0 52 763,223 58 751,671 1,762 0.2 58 731,530 8,322 2.7 58 309,990 15,774 4.8 58 330,492 4,039 1.1 58 384,557 1,933 0.5 58 408,516 0.3 1.1 752 161 : New Brunswick 8 Quebec Historically, Quebec has been the most Liberal of the provinces in its voting for federal elec¬ tions. On the other hand, it can be described as a two-party system at both the federal and provincial levels, while demonstrating certain characteristics which also make it the most multiparty of the provinces. This is seemingly a paradox, but in many respects it is fair to say that Quebec’s politics, complicated as they are, are by far the most paradoxical in Canada. Examining federal election returns, one factor stands out, and that is the Liberals’ near-total domination until the two most recent elections. This is no recent phenomenon, either. As Ver- ney puts it: From the days of Laurier, the Liberals had always maintained a close association with Quebec sentiment. With Laurier as leader from 1887 to 1919 the Liberals had become firmly entrenched in Quebec, the Conserva¬ tives being labeled the party of les anglais.' Clearly, the national Liberals must rely on good majorities in Quebec if they wish to con¬ trol Commons, especially given their weakness in the prairie provinces. Yet, if a test for two- partyism is the ability of the second party to win some offices, and to have a reasonable chance to win at least occasional majorities, then Quebec qualifies as a two-party province. Only in the 1958 and 1984 national landslides as well as in the 1988 election for the Progres¬ sive Conservatives did Quebec select a majority of Tory Members of Parliament. One of the les¬ sons is apparently that when Quebec goes for the Progressive Conservatives, it does so by overwhelming majorities, providing at least two- thirds of its seats to the Tories. And, it must be pointed out, the 1984 and 1988 elections featured native-son Brian Mulroney, a fluent French-speaking leader of his national party. With those three exceptions of the 17 elections studied, the Liberals have typically had majori¬ ties which could readily be described as domi¬ nating. So much is this the case that, even in¬ cluding the 1958, 1984, and 1988 elections, the Liberals have been able to average 51.5 percent of the popular vote, almost twice that received by the Progressive Conservatives. What is even more remarkable about this performance by the Liberals in Quebec is that the province is a lively arena for third parties. The ccf/ndp has been unable to win any seats, averaging about 5 percent of the popular vote, but has shown some increased strength in re¬ cent elections, especially in 1988 when it re¬ ceived 14 percent. Social Credit and its 1965 and 1968 splinter, Ralliement Creditiste , to¬ gether won 101 seats and averaged 9.5 percent of the vote, far better than in any province ex¬ cept for Alberta, the home of Social Credit. And, Quebec has been the most successful province for Independents and candidates representing other parties, as they have won 33 seats and averaged 7.1 percent of the vote. The extent to which Quebec has been basi¬ cally a Liberal stronghold is indicated by the fact that the Liberals win an overwhelming majority of seats in most elections. Hence, the findings regarding electoral margins take on even more significance. More so than any other province, elections are decided in Quebec by margins of 25 percent or more. The one major exception to this was in 1958, when Quebec joined the rest of the nation in providing a majority to the Progressive Conservatives. And, even though Quebec went for the Tories, their margins were considerably less than those which the Liberals 163 : Quebec normally command. The Diefenbaker victory marked the only year in which a majority of seats in Quebec were decided by margins of 10 percent or less. Following this, possibly reflect¬ ing support for native son Pierre Trudeau, the proportion of seats decided by the wide mar¬ gin of 25 percent or more increased steadily through 1980. For that matter, in the Mulroney election of 1984, in which the Tories won all of the seats decided by 25 percent or more, the Liberals won only 17 seats in the province, of which 5 were by margins in excess of 10 per¬ cent. The conclusions to be drawn from these data are evident. It would seem that Quebec voters are solidly Liberal, are more so when one of their own leads the national party, and can swing to the Tories with a major national tide. It would also seem that the province may be prone to giving wide margins of victory, as suggested by those won by Trudeau's Liberals and Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives. As we noted above, Independent and “other” party candidates have found fertile soil in Quebec, quite unlike any other province. Candidates elected at various times have included the fol¬ lowing: Independent Liberals (1935—5); (1940—3); (1945—1); (1953—2); (1957—2); Independents (1945—6); (1949—3); (1953—3); (1957—2); (1965—1); (1972—1) Bloc Populaire Canadien (1945—2) Labor Progressive (1945—1) Independent Progressive Conservative (1965—1) Quebec is also the home of a third “party" which had attracted some notoriety in its brief existence, 1965-88, the Rhino or Rhinoceros Party. More a spoof of government and politics than a real party, it advocated such “programs” as paying the national debt with a credit card and nationalizing one of Canada's hockey stars. Nonetheless, it attracted 2.4 percent of the pro¬ vincial and 0.79 percent of the national vote in 1984, with 90 candidates. Of special interest in this regard is the large number of total candidates in every election, clearly reflecting the presence of “other party” candidates. The proportion of total candidates to seats has been as low as 2.6 : 1 (1940) and as high as 6.8 : 1 (1979). These proportions may be taken as indicative of a number of factors such as alienation or increased ballot access, but they are notably higher in Quebec than in any other province. The data also present a picture which is quite unlike that for any other province. For one, granting that the Conservatives were a weakened national party in the earlier years of the era we are examining, their absolute decline in Quebec from 1935 to 1940 to 1945 is un¬ matched elsewhere. Further, they failed to run candidates in every riding until 1958 and there¬ after. The ccf/ndp has historically been quite weak in the province. This is also reflected in that only in 1979, 1984, and 1988 did it contest every seat, while it has yet to win any. In 1988, receiving 14 percent of the popular vote, the ndp reached their highest level of popular support. While 1962 and 1965 are the only years in which they contested every seat, Social Credit and Ralliement Creditiste have been unusually strong in the province, winning seats in every election from 1962 through 1979. 2 One might wonder at the appeal of such a movement to the Quebecois, since it had had its inception in the 1930s in far more anglophone Alberta. The answer apparently lies partly in its use in Que¬ bec of appeals which stressed alienation (as it did in Alberta), but from different objects: les an¬ glais, the anglophone owners and managers of industry in rural areas. 3 Stressing a nationalis¬ tic identity for Quebec, it could appeal to some of the same feelings which later emerged in the Parti Quebecois. A It would appear that the movement is all but dead, however. In 1984 the 23 Social Credit candidates together attracted less than 1 percent of the vote and the 6 candi¬ dates in 1988 did even worse. At the provincial level the picture is more muddled, largely because of the presence of a great many third parties appearing at differ¬ ent times and exercising some unusual draw¬ ing power. Hence, table 8-21 differs from the otherwise similar summary tables for other prov¬ inces by specifying a “significant minor party" 164 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 in place of Social Credit. Oddly, this latter party, which once did rather well in Quebec’s federal elections, has accounted for very little in its pro¬ vincial elections. Only in 1970 (12 seats) 1973 (2 seats), and 1976 (1 seat) did this party, run¬ ning as the Ralliement Creditiste , make any significant showing. Despite the frequent appearances of third parties, Lemieux has stated that, until the 1970 election, two-party politics was “the most con¬ stant characteristic” of Quebec’s provincial poli¬ tics. 5 Dyck describes the situation as one of “a series of two-party systems.” 6 On the basis of the 1970 elections, when the Creditistes won their 12 seats and the Parti Quebecois won 7, it would seem that “the two-party system has come to an end,” according to Lemieux. 7 Yet, so shifting are Quebec’s politics that it may also be safe to say that a different party system, per¬ haps two-party, has since begun to emerge. 8 A brief introduction may help to clarify the emergence and disappearance of the various parties. Long-dominant, the Liberals saw a dissident wing, the Action Liberal Nationale, emerge in 1935. This splinter group merged with the Conservatives under the banner of the Union Nationale in 1936, an alliance which was to last until 1960. Nonetheless, the a.l.n. ran 57 candidates in 1939, 5 more than it had in 1935. Following a poor showing, it disappeared. Hence, the two-party system referred to earlier involved the Liberals and the Conservatives, the latter running under the banner of the Union Nationale from 1936 on. However, the u.n. has clearly fallen on hard times, winning no seats in 1973, 11 in 1976, and none in 1981 and 1985. In this last election they gathered well under 1 percent of the total vote. The u.n was a significant enough coalition that it garnered a majority of the vote in four elections (1936, 1948, 1952, 1956) and was able to control a majority of seats following these four plus 1944 and 1966. The Liberals, on the other hand, have won popular majorities five times (1939, 1960, 1962, 1973, 1985) and a ma¬ jority of seats following these five plus 1935 and 1970. Hence, in what might otherwise appear to be a confused situation, the two major parties, under whatever name, have held outright ma¬ jorities in the Quebec National Assembly 12 out of 15 times. On this basis alone, it would seem that Quebec has, within our time frame, qualified as a two-party system. The extent to which it may be changing is problematical. Given the virtual disappearance of the Union Nationale in recent elections, it would seem that the Parti Quebecois has taken its place. The case for this is strengthened when we note that the p.q. won outright majorities in two (1976, 1981) of the five elections it con¬ tested. However, following the retirement of Pre¬ mier Rene Levesque in 1985, the p.q won only 23 seats in a campaign in which it downplayed the issue of separatism. The Liberals were able to win a commanding 56 percent of the popular vote and took the remaining 99 seats. The con¬ tinuation of Quebec as a provincial two-party system would therefore seem to depend on whether the p q. can make a comeback. Lacking this, given the tumultuous nature of Quebec’s politics, it would seem likely that one or more parties would fill the void. (see tables 8-1 through 8-21) Notes 1. Douglas V. Verney, Three Civilization, Two Cultures, One State: Canada's Political Traditions (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1986), p. 312. 2. See Michael B. Stein, The Dynamics of Right-Wing Protest: A Political Analysis of Social Credit in Quebec (Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1973). 3. J. Murray Beck, Pendulum of Power: Canada's Federal Elections (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1968), pp. 344-45. 4. This is not to suggest that the voters for po were simply co-opted into p.q ., as we cannot make such an inference from aggregate data. Rather, we simply point out that some of the appeals by each party were identical. 5. Vincent Lemieux, "Quebec: Heaven Is Blue and Hell Is Red," in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces, 2d ed (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), p. 248 6. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough Prentice-Hall, 1986), p 241. 7. Lemieux, op. cit., p. 248 8. For an analysis of Quebec's recently shifting provincial party systems, see Stephen H. Ullman, "Political De¬ velopment and Party Change in Quebec. 1980-1983." American Review ol Canadian Studies 13 (Summer 1983), pp 29-41. 165 : Quebec Table 8-1 Quebec—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 5 7.7 322,794 28.2 55 84.6 623,591 54.4 7,326 0.6 1940 1 1.5 231,824 19.8 61 93.8 741,945 63.3 7,610 0.6 1945 2 3.1 118,933 8.4 53 81.5 717,776 50.8 33,450 2.4 1949 2 2.7 392,530 24.6 68 93.2 961,974 60.4 17,767 1.1 1953 4 5.3 454,052 29.4 66 88.0 944,071 61.0 23,833 1.5 1957 9 12.0 557,356 31.1 62 82.7 1,030,354 57.6 31,780 1.8 1958 50 66.7 1,003,276 49.6 25 33.3 924,090 45.7 45,594 2.3 1962 14 18.7 617,762 29.6 35 46.7 818,760 39.2 91,795 4.4 1963 8 10.7 413,562 19.5 47 62.7 966,172 45.6 151,061 7.1 1965 8 10.7 432,901 21.2 56 74.7 928,530 45.6 244,339 12.0 1968 4 5.4 466,492 21.4 56 75.7 1,170,417 53.6 164,466 7.5 1972 2 2.7 457,418 17.4 56 75.7 1,289,139 49.1 168,910 6.4 1974 3 4.1 520,632 21.2 60 81.1 1,330,337 54.1 162,080 6.6 1979 2 2.7 432,199 13.5 67 89.3 1,975,526 61.7 163,492 5.1 1980 1 1.3 373,317 12.6 74 98.7 2,017,156 68.2 268,409 9.1 1984 58 77.3 1,728,196 50.2 17 22.7 1,219,124 35.4 301,928 8.8 1988 63 84.0 1,841,311 52.7 12 16.0 1,057,876 30.3 487,971 14.0 Totals and Means 236 19.0 26.5 870 70.2 51.5 5.4 'CCF through 1958 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 8-2 Quebec—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total „ , „ Total Chang Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP 6 Social Credit 7 Others Candi- ing Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935' 65 62 4 20 64 35 17 3 84 4 1 213 21 1940 65 53 1 5 65 51 10 4 4 2 46 3 5 170 14 1945 65 29 2 1 64 47 3 13 29 43 118 2 11 2 283 16 1949 2 73 69 2 2 73 48 12 2 20 50 41 1 1 11 253 15 1953 3 75 71 1 3 1 75 59 1 5 29 53 3 2 228 6 1957 75 69 2 7 2 75 57 5 9 22 4 43 1 3 4 213. 15 1958 75 75 9 41 75 22 3 40 29 15 25 4 219 44 1962 75 75 14 36 75 16 19 9 40 75 26 81 346 45 1963 75 75 8 6 75 33 14 2 60 75 17 3 9 10 295 17 1965 75 75 4 4 4 75 45 11 2 71 75 9 11 27 2 323 17 1968 4 74 74 3 1 1 74 31 5 7 70 70 5 6 2 28 2 316 12 1972 74 74 2 2 74 55 1 1 62 70 13 2 1 34 1 314 4 1974 74 74 2 1 74 56 4 72 68 11 4 76 1 364 5 1979 s 75 75 2 1 75 51 6 1 75 74 5 1 5 212 511 7 1980 75 75 1 1 75 67 7 73 55 6 207 485 7 1984 75 75 1 57 75 17 57 75 23 203 451 57 1988 6 75 75 51 5 75 5 5 75 6 149 380 5 Totals 1,240 1,175 104 124 82 1,238 695 118 157 809 705 60 38 38 1,437 7 27 30 5,364 307 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 60 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 2 64 seats; 3 69 seats; 4 51 seats; 5 65 seats; 6 61 seats, includes, tor 1965 and 1968, Ralliement Creditiste. 166 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 5 7.7 192,765 16.8 65 1,146,476 10,781 0.9 3 4.6 179,337 15.3 65 1,171,497 63,310 4.5 10 15.4 480,700 34.0 65 1,414,169 80,990 5.1 3 4.1 140,039 8.8 73 1,593,300 5 6.7 124,817 8.1 75 1,546,773 3,877 0.2 4 5.3 166,693 9.3 75 1,790,060 12,858 0.6 38,431 1.9 75 2,024,249 26 34.7 542,433 26.0 19,173 0.9 75 2,089,923 20 26.7 578,347 27.3 8,903 0.4 75 2,118,045 9 12.0 357,153 17.5 2 2.7 74,389 3.7 75 2,037,312 14 18.9 358,327 16.4 24,590 1.1 74 2,184,292 15 20.3 639,207 24.4 1 1.4 70,362 2.7 74 2,625,036 11 14.9 420,018 17.1 25,608 1.0 74 2,458,675 6 8.0 512,995 16.0 119,817 3.7 75 3,204,029 174,583 5.9 123,577 4.2 75 2,957,042 6,633 0.2 184,479 5.4 75 3,440,360 2,070 0.1 107,183 3.1 75 3,496,411 101 8.2 9.5 33 2.7 7.1 1,240 Table 8-3 Quebec- -Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins 0.1 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0- Total Year -4.9 -9.9 -14.9 -19.9 -24.9 100.0 Seats 1935 9 9 8 7 4 28 65 1940 3 8 2 6 7 39 65 1945 8 7 9 9 5 27 65 1949 11 3 4 10 4 41 73 1953 7 8 5 8 5 42 75 1957 17 8 8 7 5 30 75 1958 22 23 11 12 7 75 1962 13 14 13 13 10 12 75 1963 16 14 7 10 4 24 75 1965 10 11 11 6 8 29 75 1968 9 16 9 3 5 32 74 1972 10 7 4 7 13 33 74 1974 5 8 5 6 8 42 74 1979 5 3 5 2 60 75 1980 1 3 3 2 66 75 1984 13 13 11 8 10 20 75 1988 9 6 6 10 5 39 75 Totals 168 161 121 124 102 564 1,240 Means 13.5 13.0 9.8 10.0 8.2 45.5 167 : Quebec Table 8-4 Quebec—1935 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Argenteuil 4,467 49.8 4,290 47.9 207 2.3 8,964 Beauce 15,263 89.0 1,896 11.0 17,159 Beauharnois-Laprairie 3,954 28.2 10,052 71.8 14,006 Bellechasse 1,720 18.7 7,470 81.3 9,190 Berthier-Maskinonge 5,022 32.5 8,459 54.7 1,978 12.8 15,459 Bonaventure 5,935 41.1 8,498 58.9 14,433 Brome-Missisquoi 7,024 46.7 8,007 53.3 15,031 Chambly-Rouville 6,370 35.1 9,555 52.6 2,228 12.3 18,153 Champlain 7,343 47.3 8,172 52.7 15,515 Chapleau 2,462 27.3 3,082 34.2 3,465 38.5 9,009 Charlevoix-Saguenay 5,591 30.2 12,144 65.5 808 4.4 18,543 Chateauguay-Huntingdon 4,947 44.8 6,101 55.2 11,048 Chicoutimi 7,719 37.7 9,685 47.3 3,063 15.0 20,467 Compton 6,374 46.3 7,388 53.7 13,762 Dorchester 5,098 48.8 5,186 49.7 154 1.5 10,438 Drummond-Arthabaska 7,411 32.8 14,125 62.5 1,067 4.7 22,603 Gaspe 3,195 18.1 11,773 66.8 2,657 15.1 17,625 Hull 2,894 13.8 9,370 44.8 8,634 41.3 20,898 Joliette-L'Assomption- Montcalm 1,640 9.3 14,087 79.6 1,966 11.1 17,693 Kamouraska 3,332 32.1 6,841 65.9 206 2.0 10,379 Labelle 7,280 57.4 5,411 42.6 12,691 Lake St. John-Roberval 9,069 46.5 9,231 47.3 1,205 6.2 19,505 Laval-Two Mountains 4,987 43.2 6,551 56.8 11,538 Levis 3,770 29.9 8,488 67.2 370 2.9 12,628 Lotbiniere 5,373 35.5 9,768 64.5 15,141 Matapedia-Matane 4,834 33.8 4,476 31.3 4,987 34.9 14,297 Megantic-Frontenac 1,460 9.0 8,619 53.4 6,064 37.6 16,143 Montmagny-L'lslet 4,611 39.4 6,826 58.3 271 2.3 11,708 Nicolet-Yamaska 6,770 41.2 9,542 58.1 108 0.7 16,420 Pontiac 4,409 24.1 5,626 30.8 8,227 45.0 18,262 Portneuf 5,155 33.3 5,981 38.6 4,345 28.1 15,481 Quebec East 9,611 38.2 15,557 61.8 25,168 Quebec South 6,663 37.2 11,270 62.8 17,933 Quebec West and South 8,720 45.4 10,466 54.6 • 19,186 Quebec-Montmorency 8,064 47.0 9,084 53.0 17,148 Richelieu-Vercheres 3,402 23.6 11,022 76.4 14,424 Richmond-Wolfe 5,034 34.0 6,278 42.4 3,483 23.5 14,795 Rimouski 4,495 31.1 9,238 63.9 732 5.1 14,465 St. Hyacinthe-Bagot 3,268 20.5 11,547 72.4 1,138 7.1 15,953 St. Johns-lberville- Napierville 1,359 12.6 9,422 87.4 10,781 St. Maurice-Lafleche 3,332 19.8 5,505 32.8 7,952 47.4 16,789 Shefford 6,502 48.4 6,925 51.6 13,427 Sherbrooke 8,029 45.0 9,806 55.0 17,835 Stanstead 5,553 47.6 5,676 48.7 434 3.7 11,663 168 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-4 (Continued) Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Temiscouata 4,565 30.2 10,177 67.3 391 2.6 15,133 Terrebonne 4,141 27.2 9,900 65.1 1,172 7.7 15,213 Three Rivers 5,748 28.3 5,070 24.9 9,506 46.8 20,324 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 2,519 28.7 5,983 68.1 279 3.2 8,781 Wright 2,540 23.9 5,945 56.1 2,121 20.0 10,606 Totals 236,481 31.8 420,807 56.6 86,525 11.6 743,813 lie de Montreal Cartier 945 4.5 13,574 65.3 6,278 30.2 20,797 Hochelaga 3,524 11.7 19,506 64.6 7,164 23.7 30,194 Jacques-Cartier 6,796 42.5 7,309 45.7 1,872 11.7 15,977 Laurier 4,913 17.9 12,998 47.5 9,472 34.6 27,383 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 7,539 29.3 10,807 42.1 7,353 28.6 25,699 Mercier 2,496 10.3 17,231 70.8 4,615 19.0 24,342 Mount Royal 16,203 49.4 11,967 36.5 1,473 4.5 3,125 9.5 32,768 Outremont 7,040 34.9 11,260 55.9 1,844 9.2 20,144 St. Ann 2,145 13.7 3,818 24.4 9,654 61.8 15,617 St. Antoine-Westmount 12,905 58.9 7,222 32.9 1,799 8.2 21,926 St. Denis 1,519 5.0 19,047 62.7 9,830 32.3 30,396 St. Henri 4,871 16.6 21,561 73.5 2,885 9.8 29,317 St. James 2,953 8.0 22,298 60.5 1,147 3.1 10,483 28.4 36,881 St. Lawrence-St. George 6,862 49.0 5,695 40.6 1,461 10.4 14,018 St. Mary 18,479 57.3 13,747 42.7 32,226 Verdun 5,602 22.4 4,706 18.8 14,715 58.8 25,023 Totals 86,313 21.4 202,772 50.4 7,326 1.8 106,297 26.4 402,708 Province Totals 322,794 28.2 623,579 54.4 7,326 0.6 192,822 16.8 1,146,521 Rejected 16,341 Total Vote Cast 1,162,862 >te Cast for "Other ": Ridings (65) Reconstn. = 100,119' 42 Ind.Lib. = 70,889 21 Labor = 6,919 4 Verdun = 4,214 1 Comm. = 3,385 1 Ind.Con. = 2,348 4 Ind. = 2,170 4 Ind.Recon. = 1,772 2 Lib.-Lab. = 929 4 Vetns. = 79 1 'The detailed riding analysis lor Reconstruction can be found in Scarrow (1962). 169 : Quebec Table 8-5 Quebec—1940 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding_ Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil 3,763 40.1 5,629 59.9 9,392 Beauce 3,142 20.1 12,482 79.9 15,624 Beauharnois-Laprairie 3,471 23.6 11,244 76.4 14,715 Bellechasse 2,366 26.4 6,585 73.6 8,951 Berthier-Maskinonge 3,323 24.7 10,119 75.3 13,442 Bonaventure 5,741 37.8 9,446 62.2 15,187 Brome-Missisquoi 2,647 24.2 8,302 75.8 10,949 Chambly-Rouville 5,761 31.5 11,964 65.4 567 3.1 18,292 Champlain 5,090 34.8 9,546 65.2 14,636 Chapleau 3,073 24.6 9,402 75.4 12,475 Charlevoix-Saguenay 5,928 29.3 14,336 70.7 20,264 Chateauguay-Huntingdon 2,047 26.2 5,773 73.8 7,820 Chicoutimi 8,330 37.2 8,693 38.8 5,390 24.0 22,413 Compton 1,623 16.8 8,012 83.2 9,635 Dorchester 5,573 54.1 4,721 45.9 10,294 Drummond-Arthabaska 12,145 52.8 10,853 47.2 22,998 Gaspe 8,371 39.9 8,162 38.9 4,437 21.2 20,970 Hull 11,253 50.6 7,083 31.8 3,916 17.6 22,252 Joliette-L'Assomption- Montcalm 3,430 19.6 14,112 80.4 17,542 Kamouraska 2,099 23.2 6,965 76.8 9,064 Labelle 8,797 59.8 5,909 40.2 14,706 Lac-St.-Jean-Roberval 6,895 32.3 10,057 47.1 3,698 17.3 717 3.4 21,367 Laval-Deux-Montagnes 4,552 41.6 6,378 58.4 10,930 Levis 4,187 32.0 8,885 68.0 13,072 Lotbiniere 8,983 66.0 4,627 34.0 13,610 Matapedia-Matane 5,804 36.8 9,956 63.2 15,760 Megantic-Frontenac 6,281 37.5 10,477 62.5 16,758 Montmagny-L’lslet 3,288 32.3 6,890 67.7 10,178 Nicolet-Yamaska 410 2.7 6,865 45.9 7,677 51.3 14,952 Pontiac 5,128 16.9 13,206 43.6 11,941 39.4 30,275 Portneuf 2,141 14.4 10,033 67.6 2,676 18.0 14,850 Quebec-Est 17,914 59.3 12,302 40.7 30,216 Quebec-Sud 4,284 22.0 15,196 78.0 19,480 Quebec-Ouest-et-Sud 8,003 40.0 12,010 60.0 • 20,013 Quebec-Montmorency 5,175 28.7 12,850 71.3 18,025 Richelieu-Vercheres 2,412 17.0 11,330 79.9 447 3.2 14,189 Richmond-Wolfe 4,295 33.4 8,554 66.6 12,849 Rimouski 9,766 62.2 5,928 37.8 15,694 St-Hyacinthe-Bagot 13,220 83.6 2,599 16.4 15,819 St-Jean-lberville- Napierville 2,331 14.5 7,439 46.3 6,307 39.2 16,077 St. Maurice-Lafleche 1,957 10.1 9,440 48.9 7,922 41.0 19,319 Shefford 3,644 31.8 7,831 68.2 11,475 Sherbrooke 5,465 29.1 11,602 61.8 1,697 9.0 18,764 Stanstead 5,112 51.6 4,804 48.4 9,916 170 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-5 (Continued) Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % 1 Number % Number % Number % Total Temiscouata 2,063 15.6 9,615 72.9 1,518 11.5 13,196 Terrebonne 2,668 15.3 6,938 39.8 7,839 44.9 17,445 Trois-Rivieres 9,860 53.0 8,734 47.0 18,594 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 2,210 24.3 4,381 48.2 2,500 27.5 9,091 Wright 2,310 21.5 7,260 67.6 1,172 10.9 10,742 Totals 151,156 19.8 468,762 61.3 10,781 1.4 133,578 17.5 764,277 lie de Montreal Cartier 18,191 88.5 2,354 11.5 20,545 Hochelaga 4,049 12.9 16,849 53.8 10,402 33.2 31,300 Jacques-Cartier 4,028 25.5 11,755 74.5 15,783 Laurier 4,072 16.2 21,069 83.8 25,141 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 6,387 26.8 17,442 73.2 23,829 Mercier 4,596 19.4 19,134 80.6 23,730 Mount Royal 13,319 37.9 19,858 56.5 1,983 5.6 35,160 Outremont 4,556 20.8 14,511 66.4 2,787 12.8 21,854 St. Ann 2,806 17.3 12,687 78.3 707 4.4 16,200 St. Antoine-Westmont 8,972 37.6 14,879 62.4 23,851 St-Denis 4,979 17.1 18,948 65.0 5,241 18.0 29,168 St-Henri 2,081 6.8 17,531 57.2 11,013 36.0 30,625 St-Jacques 5,777 16.5 27,219 77.9 1,091 3.1 864 2.5 34,951 St. Lawrence-St. George 6,568 36.2 11,553 63.8 18,121 Ste.-Marie 4,785 16.3 23,185 78.8 719 2.4 728 2.5 29,417 Verdun 3,693 13.4 8,372 30.4 3,817 13.9 11,663 42.3 27,545 Totals 80,668 19.8 273,183 67.1 7,610 1.9 45,759 11.2 407,220 Province Totals 231,824 19.8 741,945 63.3 7,610 0.6 10,781 0.9 179,337 15.3 1,171,497 Rejected 17,992 Total Vote Cast 1,189,489 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (65) Ind. Lib. = 128,498 29 Ind. = 22,909 7 Ind. Nat. = 12,302 1 Ind. A.-Con. = 5,928 1 Lab. = 3,916 1 Nat. Lab. = 2,354 1 Ind. Con. = 2,060 4 Comm. = 728 1 Anti-Con. — 642 1 Elected 3 171 : Quebec Table 8-6 Quebec—1945 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil 5,349 49.3 5,221 48.2 270 2.5 10,840 Beauce 9,612 42.6 5,701 25.3 7,264 32.2 22,577 Beauharnois-Laprairie 1,779 7.8 10,378 45.4 10,716 46.8 22,873 Bellechasse 6,928 66.2 3,540 33.8 10,468 Berthier-Maskinonge 562 3.2 10,604 59.6 6,639 37.3 17,805 Bonaventure 1,046 6.7 6,605 42.5 7,885 50.8 15,536 Brome-Missisquoi 4,169 27.0 7,860 50.9 246 1.6 3,157 20.5 15,432 Chambly-Rouville 12,723 50.4 1,041 4.1 11,491 45.5 25,255 Champlain 1,880 12.0 8,332 53.2 1,139 7.3 4,298 27.5 15,649 Chapleau 6,230 43.1 3,878 26.9 4,333 30.0 14,441 Charlevoix-Saguenay 9,197 39.6 1,151 5.0 12,866 55.4 23,214 Chateauguay-Huntingdon 2,804 24.6 4,770 41.8 101 0.9 3,737 32.7 11,412 Chicoutimi 8,027 24.0 371 1.1 2,713 8.1 22,293 66.7 33,404 Compton 3,506 23.9 8,007 54.5 486 3.3 1,065 7.3 1,622 11.0 14,686 Dorchester 5,149 45.6 1,843 16.3 4,291 38.0 11,283 Drummond-Arthabaska 14,805 49.7 1,037 3.5 13,970 46.9 29,812 Gaspe 11,596 51.7 368 1.6 10,473 46.7 22,437 Hull Joliette-L'Assomption- 15,012 59.2 596 2.4 478 1.9 9,258 36.5 25,344 Montcalm 318 1.1 14,810 52.4 161 0.6 12,953 45.9 28,242 Kamouraska 6,829 56.0 1,361 11.2 3,999 32.8 12,189 Labelle 7,969 53.2 1,228 8.2 5,769 38.5 14,966 Lac-St-Jean-Roberval 9,744 39.9 1,134 4.6 13,572 55.5 24,450 Laval-Deux-Montagnes 6,577 48.9 6,876 51.1 13,453 Levis 10,098 70.5 4,233 29.5 14,331 Lotbiniere 10,122 63.5 5,813 36.5 15,935 Matapedia-Matane 8,500 47.5 9,402 52.5 17,902 Megantic-Frontenac 10,057 52.5 2,106 11.0 7,008 36.6 19,171 Montmagny-L'Islet 7,327 60.7 1,721 14.3 3,028 25.1 12,076 Nicolet-Yamaska 944 6.1 6,658 42.7 7,973 51.2 15,575 Pontiac 6,136 19.1 13,325 41.4 2,453 7.6 5,852 18.2 4,433 13.8 32,199 Portneuf 8,994 52.6 1,094 6.4 7,021 41.0 17,109 Quebec-Est 17,965 59.8 231 0.8 2,816 9.4 9,049 30.1 30,061 Quebec-Sud 14,091 70.6 931 4.7 4,943 24.8 19,965 Quebec-Ouest-et-Sud 10,541 52.5 236 1.2 3,876 19.3 5,414 27.0 20,067 Quebec-Montmorency 11,561 51.6 5,211 23.2 5,642 25.2 22,414 Richelieu-Vercheres 945 5.6 15,953 94.4 16,898 Richmond-Wolfe 8,459 53.0 1,147 7.2 6,359 39.8 15,965 Rimouski 10,730 54.6 834 4.2 8,084 41.1 19,648 St-Hyacinthe-Bagot St-Jean-lberville- 346 1.6 12,781 58.3 258 1.2 8,522 38.9 21,907 Napierville 10,866 64.9 5,875 35.1 16,741 St-Maurice-Lafleche 9,323 38.6 681 2.8 14,131 58.5 24,135 Shefford 7,413 46.8 578 3.6 7,858 49.6 15,849 Sherbrooke 6,158 26.0 9,552 40.4 283 1.2 1,118 4.7 6,537 27.6 23,648 Stanstead 5,028 36.8 3,545 26.0 169 1.2 365 2.7 4,553 33.3 13,660 172 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-6 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal _ CCF _ Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Temiscouata 1,102 8.3 10,325 77.4 1,907 14.3 Terrebonne 15,383 66.6 281 1.2 7,417 32.1 Trois-Rivieres 4,173 20.2 2,525 12.2 186 0.9 787 3.8 12,980 62.9 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 1,880 18.9 6,267 62.9 191 1.9 1,619 16.3 Wright 2,634 22.5 6,460 55.2 1,067 9.1 1,545 13.2 Totals 49,814 5.4 449,853 48.9 8,205 0.9 59,720 6.5 352,161 38.3 lie de Montreal Cartier 8,935 35.0 16,561 65.0 Hochelaga 2,208 6.1 22,444 62.2 692 1.9 533 1.5 10,179 28.2 Jacques-Cartier 8,421 32.3 12,640 48.5 1,866 7.2 3,147 12.1 Laurier 1,910 6.1 22,520 71.5 1,924 6.1 5,145 16.3 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 5,320 17.9 13,556 45.5 1,268 4.3 464 1.6 9,155 30.8 Mercier 2,269 7.1 18,623 58.6 541 1.7 417 1.3 9,920 31.2 Mount-Royal 17,798 39.8 20,925 46.8 3,608 8.1 2,417 5.4 Outremont 14,836 56.0 1,639 6.2 9,998 37.8 St-Ann 2,381 15.1 11,007 69.9 1,375 8.7 224 1.4 751 4.8 St. Antoine-Westmount 13,588 46.2 13,648 46.4 1,982 6.7 200 0.7 St-Denis 21,201 59.0 534 1.5 14,206 39.5 St-Henri 1,902 6.0 19,137 60.5 941 3.0 334 1.1 9,300 29.4 St-Jacques 23,970 58.1 619 1.5 549 1.3 16,085 39.0 St. Lawrence-St. George 6,171 30.5 10,301 50.9 1,454 7.2 2,327 11.5 Ste-Marie 18,237 54.4 369 1.1 348 1.0 14,582 43.5 Verdun 7,151 20.4 15,943 45.5 6,967 19.9 187 0.5 4,766 13.6 Totals 69,119 14.0 267,923 54.2 25,245 5.1 3,590 0.7 128,739 26.0 Province Totals 118,933 8.4 717,776 50.7 33,450 2.4 63,310 4.5 480,900 34.0 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (65) Elected Ind. = 257,665 59 6 BPC = 184,372 35 2 Ind. Lib. = 21,283 12 1 Lab. Prog. = 14,532 5 1 Ind. PC. = 1,622 2 Lab. = 532 2 Ind. CCF = 279 1 Lib. Lab. = 345 1 Farmer = 70 1 Total 13,334 23,081 20,651 9,957 11,706 919,753 25,496 36,056 26,074 31,499 29,763 31,770 44,748 26,473 15,738 29,418 35,941 31,614 41,223 20,253 33,536 35,014 494,616 1,414,369 19,422 1,433,791 173 : Quebec Table 8-7 Quebec—1949 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 9,672 46.8 10,500 50.8 481 2.3 20,653 Beauce 10,045 45.3 1,840 8.3 10,267 46.3 22,152 Beauharnois 4,547 27.4 11,631 70.2 397 2.4 16,575 Bellechasse 41 0.3 7,395 58.8 332 2.6 4,798 38.2 12,566 Berthier-Maskinonge 8,242 41.2 11,770 58.8 20,012 Bonaventure 6,776 39.8 9,802 57.6 437 2.6 17,015 Brome-Missisquoi 6,266 39.7 8,831 56.0 279 1.8 402 2.5 15,778 Chambly-Rouville 11,362 33.9 20,946 62.5 733 2.2 449 1.3 33,490 Champlain 7,719 36.6 11,663 55.4 747 3.5 940 4.5 21,069 Chapleau 1,822 9.4 11,304 58.1 6,318 32.5 19,444 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 1,608 9.6 9,543 57.1 940 5.6 4,619 27.6 16,710 Laprairie 7,028 41.3 9,986 58.7 17,014 Chicoutimi 9,763 44.8 1,757 8.1 10,252 47.1 21,772 Compton-Frontenac 5,327 30.2 10,764 61.0 1,555 8.8 17,646 Dorchester 6,762 45.8 6,983 47.3 1,020 6.9 14,765 Drummond-Arthabaska 1,804 7.9 16,899 73.6 4,251 18.5 22,954 Gaspe 9,650 43.4 12,567 56.6 22,217 Gatineau 4,448 29.6 9,865 65.7 697 4.6 15,010 Hull 7,060 25.1 18,446 65.5 771 2.7 1,871 6.6 28,148 lles-de-la-Madeleine Joliette-L’Assomption- 2,145 49.3 2,203 50.7 4,348 Montcalm 13,584 41.5 18,755 57.4 361 1.1 32,700 Kamouraska 1,437 13.2 7,792 71.3 1,696 15.5 10,925 Labelle 8,701 48.4 7,998 44.5 1,289 7.2 17,988 Lac-Saint-Jean 138 1.1 7,084 54.3 824 6.3 4,994 38.3 13,040 Lapointe 10,275 49.4 4,730 22.7 5,797 27.9 20,802 Levis 72 0.4 11,752 60.8 655 3.4 6,851 35.4 19,330 Lotbiniere 72 0.5 8,849 56.6 288 1.8 6,430 41.1 15,639 Matapedia-Matane 9,811 42.7 11,546 50.3 678 3.0 926 4.0 22,961 Megantic 6,791 29.9 13,273 58.4 415 1.8 2,230 9.8 22,709 Montmagny-L’lslet 2,380 18.1 10,004 75.9 793 6.0 13,177 Nicolet-Yamaska 9,680 48.7 10,208 51.3 19,888 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 5,149 28.7 7,817 43.6 362 2.0 1,562 8.7 3,041 17.0 17,931 Portneuf 6,069 32.7 10,932 58.8 1,579 8.5 18,580 Quebec-Est 7,876 22.4 25,832 73.6 1,395 4.0 35,103 Quebec-Ouest 6,946 30.4 12,391 54.2 180 0.8 1,714 7.5 1,620 7.1 22,851 Quebec-Sud 6,454 24.5 19,383 73.5 542 2.1 26,379 Quebec-Montmorency 7,071 27.5 16,829 65.4 1,849 7.2 25,749 Richelieu-Vercheres 419 2.2 12,795 66.5 429 2.2 5,590 29.1 19,233 Richmond-Wolfe 3,990 19.8 13,621 67.8 2,493 12.4 20,104 Rimouski 7,389 30.5 11,708 48.4 1,491 6.2 3,614 14.9 24,202 Roberval 8,103 49.7 2,135 13.1 6,078 37.3 16,316 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot Saint-Jean-lberville- 1,105 6.6 14,702 87.6 981 5.8 16,788 Napierville 343 1.9 12,823 71.0 417 2.3 4,478 24.8 18,061 Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 347 1.2 13,898 49.7 2,064 7.4 11,646 41.7 27,955 174 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-7 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Saguenay 5,651 44.7 6,113 48.3 889 7.0 Shefford 8,017 36.6 12,993 59.3 906 4.1 Sherbrooke 6,522 26.5 12,116 49.2 217 0.9 2,728 11.1 3,060 12.4 Stanstead 7,251 43.2 7,736 46.1 1,358 8.1 433 2.6 Temiscouata 2,250 13.5 11,648 69.9 2,756 16.5 Terrebonne 8,107 29.6 18,304 66.9 953 3.5 Trois-Rivieres 10,015 39.0 9,964 38.8 432 1.7 5,292 20.6 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 3,659 32.4 7,622 67.6 Villeneuve 958 3.7 13,597 52.4 10,980 42.3 393 1.5 Totals 260,533 24.6 619,369 58.4 2,957 0.3 74,916 7.1 102,894 9.7 lie de Montreal Cartier 2,636 11.6 11,993 52.8 3,238 14.2 4,868 21.4 Hochelaga 6,930 26.5 17,633 67.4 1,615 6.2 Jacques-Cartier 7,794 31.1 15,298 61.0 2,007 8.0 Lafontaine 331 1.3 12,883 51.8 217 0.9 11,419 46.0 Laurier 1,735 8.3 15,578 74.4 782 3.7 2,845 13.6 Laval 9,888 35.2 18,202 64.8 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 8,804 28.8 20,512 67.2 1,207 4.0 Mercier 7,786 29.5 17,041 64.5 1,587 6.0 Mont-Royal 11,550 34.0 21,654 63.8 719 2.1 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 10,293 33.4 19,469 63.2 1,054 3.4 Outremont-St-Jean 5,030 23.7 16,215 76.3 Papineau 587 2.2 12,536 47.7 541 2.1 12,611 48.0 Ste-Anne 443 2.2 14,528 72.2 457 2.3 4,707 23.4 St-Antoine-Westmount 11,299 34.6 21,399 65.4 St-Denis 9,509 32.6 18,866 64.7 776 2.7 St-Henri 7,369 29.4 16,313 65.0 909 3.6 500 2.0 St-Jacques 9,349 32.5 18,705 65.0 720 2.5 St-Laurent-St-Georges 5,911 26.7 15,104 68.2 1,146 5.2 Ste-Marie 6,963 32.1 13,773 63.5 352 1.6 612 2.8 Verdun-La Salle 7,790 21.7 24,903 69.5 2,612 7.3 445 1.2 83 0.2 Totals 131,997 24.8 342,605 64.3 14,810 2.8 6,074 1.1 37,145 7.0 Province Totals 392,530 24.6 961,974 60.4 17,767 1.1 80,990 5.1 140,039 8.8 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (73) Elected Ind. = 99,219 17 3 Ind. Lib. = 18,959 13 Nat. Un. = 5,590 1 Lab. Prog. = 5,078 2 Ind PC = 4,997 3 Nat'list. = 4,994 1 Lib. Lab. = 433 1 Soc. Just. = 367 1 Repub. = 294 1 Labor = 108 1 Total 12.653 21,916 24,643 16,778 16.654 27,364 25,703 11,281 25,928 1,060,669 22,735 26,178 25,099 24,850 20,940 28,090 30,523 26,414 33,923 30,816 21,245 26,275 20,135 32,698 29,151 25,091 28,774 22,161 21,700 35,833 532,631 1,593,300 17,210 1,610,510 175 : Quebec Table 8-8 Quebec—1953 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 5,608 29.7 13,283 70.3 18,891 Beauce 9,716 42.7 13,016 57.3 22,732 Beauharnois-Salaberry 4,495 24.0 14,269 76.0 18,764 Bellechasse Berthier-Maskinonge- 4,866 40.6 7,124 59.4 11,990 Delanaudiere 441 2.3 10,709 56.8 7,710 40.9 18,860 Bonaventure 6,446 41.3 9,177 58.7 15,623 Brome-Missisquoi 4,252 28.8 9,362 63.3 1,168 7.9 14,782 Chambly-Rouville 5,016 33.8 9,824 66.2 14,840 Champlain 8,324 36.6 14,420 63.4 22,744 Chapleau 6,280 29.8 10,495 49.8 4,305 20.4 21,080 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 7,259 40.3 10,742 59.7 18,001 Laprairie 7,003 38.7 11,104 61.3 18,107 Chicoutimi 8,408 34.4 16,046 65.6 24,454 Compton-Frontenac 6,530 38.1 10,365 60.4 261 1.5 17,156 Dorchester 7,762 50.3 7,656 49.7 15,418 Drummond-Arthabaska 13,325 45.6 15,870 54.4 29,195 Gaspe 10,832 46.9 12,058 52.2 199 0.9 23,089 Gatineau 4,932 30.2 10,759 65.8 662 4.0 16,353 Hull 6,239 21.5 21,785 75.1 707 2.4 266 0.9 28,997 lies de la Madeleine Joliette-L'Assomption- 1,937 45.3 2,337 54.7 4,274 Montcalm 4,541 20.0 18,149 80.0 22,690 Kamouraska 229 1.9 5,534 46.8 6,065 51.3 11,828 Labelle 8,610 46.7 9,569 51.9 90 0.5 176 1.0 18,445 Lac-Saint-Jean 6,756 43.7 8,697 56.3 15,453 Lapointe 1,640 7.4 8,708 39.2 11,854 53.4 22,202 Levis 5,305 27.5 13,897 72.1 74 0.4 19,276 Longueuil 4,912 19.9 16,688 67.6 2,742 11.1 352 1.4 24,694 Lotbiniere 6,879 43.2 9,047 56.8 15,926 Matapedia-Matane 10,765 45.9 12,689 54.1 23,454 Megantic 8,420 37.6 13,951 62.4 22,371 Montmagny-L’lslet 4,876 32.5 10,121 67.5 14,997 Nicolet-Yamaska 2,396 12.4 9,483 49.2 7,397 38.4. 19,276 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 6,373 41.3 9,041 58.7 15,414 Portneuf 5,479 30.1 12,701 69.9 18,180 Quebec-Est 5,841 17.7 25,945 78.7 1,188 3.6 32,974 Quebec-Ouest 8,464 36.8 4,612 20.0 9,944 43.2 23,020 Quebec Sud 6,363 25.1 18,950 74.9 25,313 Quebec-Montmorency 12,272 40.5 18,029 59.5 30,301 Richelieu-Vercheres 3,282 17.3 15,406 81.4 246 1.3 18,934 Richmond-Wolfe 7,254 35.6 13,006 63.8 133 0.7 20,393 Rimouski 8,201 34.3 8,554 35.8 7,146 29.9 23,901 Roberval 8,477 49.5 8,646 50.5 17,123 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot acclamation Saint-Jean-lberville- Napierville 2,001 10.9 16,088 87.8 238 1.3 18,327 176 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-8 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 10,337 35.6 18,662 64.4 28,999 Saguenay 7,464 48.9 7,815 51.1 15,279 Shefford 7,219 31.9 15,409 68.1 22,628 Sherbrooke 8,085 33.8 15,827 66.2 23,912 Stanstead 6,736 40.2 10,034 59.8 16,770 Temiscouata 6,624 35.9 10,675 57.9 1,152 6.2 18,451 Terrebonne acclamation Trois-Rivieres 15,556 52.8 13,905 47.2 29,461 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 2,254 21.0 8,463 79.0 10,717 Villeneuve 7,015 30.5 14,851 64.7 1,097 4.8 22,963 Totals 322,173 31.0 622,615 59.9 6,114 0.6 88,120 8.5 1,039,022 lie de Montreal Cartier 1,068 6.6 12,493 76.9 980 6.0 1,705 10.5 16,246 Dollard 7,320 31.5 14,964 64.4 579 2.5 363 1.6 23,226 Hochelaga 3,921 15.4 19,467 76.3 1,245 4.9 885 3.5 25,518 Jacques-Cartier-Lasalle 9,208 27.8 19,678 59.5 2,879 8.7 1,333 4.0 33,098 Lafontaine 3,438 16.8 15,285 74.8 1,311 6.4 392 1.9 20,426 Laurier 4,642 25.7 12,648 70.1 376 2.1 364 2.0 18,030 Laval 7,309 26.8 19,337 70.9 645 2.4 27,291 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 5,671 19.4 12,266 41.9 1,056 3.6 10,260 35.1 29,253 Mercier 9,352 33.1 17,479 61.9 885 3.1 513 1.8 28,229 Mont-Royal 9,460 33.9 17,183 61.7 500 1.8 727 2.6 27,870 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 16,690 49.9 15,567 46.6 1,184 3.5 33,441 Outremont-Saint-Jean 4,216 25.1 11,536 68.8 436 2.6 586 3.5 16,774 Papineau 4,966 18.5 10,094 37.6 514 1.9 11,300 42.0 26,874 Sainte-Anne 1,768 9.5 15,519 83.8 385 2.1 858 4.6 18,530 Saint-Antoine-Westmount 9,863 39.0 14,441 57.1 504 2.0 469 1.9 25,277 Saint-Denis 6,118 25.2 17,359 71.6 573 2.4 209 0.9 24,259 Saint-Henri 4,659 19.7 15,046 63.6 538 2.3 3,411 14.4 23,654 Saint-Jacques 5,274 22.5 15,443 65.9 545 2.3 2,170 9.3 23,432 Saint-Laurent-Saint-Georges 4,648 31.8 9,082 62.2 444 3.0 428 2.9 14,602 Sainte-Marie 5,033 22.8 16,288 73.7 553 2.5 241 1.1 22,115 Verdun 7,255 24.5 20,281 68.5 1,587 5.4 483 1.6 29,606 Totals 131,879 26.0 321,456 63.3 17,719 3.5 36,697 7.2 507,751 Province Totals 454,052 29.4 944,071 61.0 23,833 1.5 124,817 8.1 1,546,773 Rejected 18,627 Total Vote Cast 1,565,400 Vote Cast for "Other ”: Ind. Lib. = 58,001 Ind. = 46,532 Lab. Prog. = 10,819 Nat'list. 7,496 Ind. PC = 1,636 Anti-Comm. «= 333 Ridings (75) Elected 17 2 6 3 25 1 3 1 177 : Quebec Table 8-9 Quebec—1957 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 8,902 37.0 10,084 41.9 5,085 21.1 24,071 Beauce 11,559 48.3 12,384 51.7 23,943 Beauharnois-Salaberry 3,109 14.5 14,030 65.6 4,246 19.9 21,385 Bellechasse Berthier-Maskinonge- 1,792 16.4 7,960 72.9 1,165 10.7 10,917 Delanaudiere 9,049 46.5 10,418 53.5 19,467 Bonaventure 8,161 50.8 7,903 49.2 16,064 Brome-Missisquoi 8,605 48.2 9,255 51.8 17,860 Chambly-Rouville 5,858 31.9 11,302 61.5 1,227 6.7 18,387 Champlain 9,988 42.0 13,767 58.0 23,755 Chapleau 11,065 49.2 11,428 50.8 22,493 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 7,532 41.4 10,182 56.0 246 1.4 213 1.2 18,173 Laprairie 6,907 35.8 10,066 52.1 2,346 12.1 19,319 Chicoutimi 15,124 52.4 13,733 47.6 28,857 Compton-Frontenac 8,270 46.1 9,328 52.0 340 1.9 17,938 Dorchester 7,702 48.9 8,054 51.1 15,756 Drummond-Arthabaska 10,327 32.0 10,512 32.5 11,462 35.5 32,301 Gaspe 10,916 49.0 10.848 48.7 504 2.3 22,268 Gatineau 5,522 30.1 10,770 58.8 2,028 11.1 18,320 Hull 4,922 14.1 15,551 44.7 2,363 6.8 11,981 34.4 34,817 lles-de-la-Madeleine Joliette-L’Assomption- 2,472 53.2 2,176 46.8 4,648 Montcalm 4,409 18.5 19,445 81.5 23,854 Kamouraska 5,988 48.0 6,489 52.0 12,477 Labelle 9,406 53.9 8,045 46.1 17,451 Lac-Saint-Jean 6,374 38.6 10,129 61.4 16,503 Lapointe 13,671 52.5 12,363 47.5 26,034 Levis 5,770 28.2 14,693 71.8 20,463 Longueuil 10,942 33.4 19,314 58.9 1,768 5.4 782 2.4 32,806 Lotbiniere 8,372 51.7 7,823 48.3 16,195 Matapedia-Matane 10,889 48.3 11,642 51.7 22,531 Megantic 8,300 35.1 15,378 64.9 23,678 Montmagny-L'lslet 9,772 59.6 6,637 40.4 16,409 Nicolet-Yamaska 9,805 51.3 9,292 48.7 . 19,097 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 7,878 47.7 8,642 52.3 16,520 Portneuf 8,102 41.7 11,328 58.3 19,430 Quebec-Est 9,900 26.1 27,364 72.0 739 1.9 38,003 Quebec-Ouest 10,981 44.2 11,828 47.6 529 2.1 1,520 6.1 24,858 Quebec-Sud 9,659 33.7 17,709 61.9 1,252 4.4 28,620 Quebec-Montmorency 14,121 36.1 24,964 63.9 39,085 Richelieu-Vercheres 749 3.8 16,003 81.7 2,830 14.5 19,582 Richmond-Wolfe 7,243 32.8 10,300 46.7 4,508 20.4 22,051 Rimouski 9,754 40.0 14,642 60.0 24,396 Roberval 7,236 40.0 10,860 60.0 18,096 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot 13,865 54.1 11,771 45.9 25,636 178 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-9 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Saint-Jean-lberville- Napierville 378 1.5 13,427 52.3 11,859 46.2 25,664 Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 7,686 24.4 18,714 59.4 4,369 13.9 751 2.4 31,520 Saguenay 8,191 41.8 11,408 58.2 19,599 Shefford 8,760 37.0 14,897 63.0 23,657 Sherbrooke 9,791 37.5 16,324 62.5 26,115 Stanstead 7,424 43.0 9,827 57.0 17,251 Temiscouata 8,094 41.2 11,558 58.8 19,652 Terrebonne 12,973 39.9 19,515 60.1 32,488 Trois-Rivieres 15,004 50.6 14,412 48.6 237 0.8 29,653 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 4,166 31.5 9,055 68.5 13,221 Villeneuve 6,034 23.2 9,893 38.0 1,947 7.5 8,129 31.3 26,003 Totals 390,883 32.6 670,246 55.9 8,424 0.7 3,877 0.3 125,907 10.5 1,199,337 lie de Montreal Cartier 1,909 11.6 11,955 72.9 677 4.1 1,854 11.3 16,395 Dollard 7,813 24.5 21,917 68.6 2,197 6.9 31,927 Hochelaga 4,063 15.0 20,611 75.9 796 2.9 1,675 6.2 27,145 Jacques-Cartier-Lasalle 23,378 48.2 23,235 47.9 1,939 4.0 48,552 Lafontaine 4,593 21.7 15,501 73.2 1,095 5.2 21,189 Laurier 5,321 29.6 11,336 63.0 270 1.5 1,054 5.9 17,981 Laval 5,525 12.8 26,254 60.6 1,205 2.8 10,333 23.9 43,317 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 7,718 21.8 25,041 70.7 2,670 7.5 35,429 Mercier 10,093 25.2 30,024 74.8 40,117 Mont Royal 13,861 35.9 23,330 60.4 1,420 3.7 38,611 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 24,517 56.9 17,551 40.7 1,049 2.4 43,117 Outremont-Saint-Jean 3,899 20.5 13,840 72.7 1,299 6.8 19,038 Papineau 4,177 13.4 24,373 78.4 2,556 8.2 31,106 Sainte-Anne 2,807 17.8 4,254 27.0 8,673 55.1 15,734 Saint-Antoine-Westmount 11,802 44.9 14,485 55.1 26,287 Saint-Denis 4,587 18.4 17,027 68.3 999 4.0 2,329 9.3 24,942 Saint-Henri 2,766 10.9 12,489 49.1 963 3.8 9,207 36.2 25,425 Saint-Jacques 5,347 27.7 7,900 41.0 730 3.8 5,301 27.5 19,278 Saint-Laurent-Saint-Georges 6,219 42.1 7,758 52.5 440 3.0 360 2.4 14,777 Sainte-Marie 7,041 34.6 12,532 61.7 752 3.7 20,325 Verdun 9,037 30.1 18,695 62.3 2,299 7.7 30,031 Totals 166,473 28.2 360,108 61.0 23,356 4.0 40,786 6.9 590,723 Province Totals 557,356 31.1 1,030,354 57.6 31,780 1.8 3,877 0.2 166,693 9.3 1,790,060 Rejected 23,481 Total Vote Cast 1,813,541 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. Lib. = 85,674 Ind. = 73,628 Ind. PC = 4,777 Lab. Prog. = 2,377 Cap. Fam. 237 Ridings (75) Elected 24 2 11 2 4 3 1 179 : Quebec Table 8-10 Quebec—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. _ Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 14,483 56.6 10,493 41.0 626 2.4 25,602 Beauce 4,217 17.1 10,417 42,3 9,984 40.6 24,618 Beauharnois-Salaberry 13,202 51.6 12,368 48.4 25,570 Bellechasse Berthier-Maskinonge- 6,861 52.3 6,255 47.7 13,116 Delanaudiere 12,702 59.2 8,738 40.8 21,440 Bonaventure 9,135 54.1 7,741 45.9 16,876 Brome-Missisquoi 11,361 61.6 7.093 38.4 18,454 Chambly-Rouville 10,546 49.9 10,224 48.4 366 1.7 21,136 Champlain 13,537 50.3 13,374 49.7 26,911 Chapleau 14,705 59.5 9,764 39.5 243 1.0 24,712 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 12,315 60.9 7,918 39.1 20,233 Laprairie 12,365 56.6 9,472 43.4 21,837 Chicoutimi 15,407 50.6 12,348 40.6 2,666 8.8 30,421 Compton-Frontenac 9,383 51.9 8,349 46.2 331 1.8 18,063 Dorchester 8,766 55.2 7,111 44.8 15,877 Drummond-Arthabaska 16,522 47.0 17,288 49.2 1,308 3.7 35,118 Gaspe 14,535 58.6 9,994 40.3 282 1.1 24,811 Gatineau 9,004 43.5 10,840 52.3 878 4.2 20,722 Hull 12,869 35.9 20,132 56.2 2,484 6.9 348 1.0 35,833 lles-de-la-Madeleine Joliette-LAssomption- 2,471 52.2 2,115 44.7 146 3.1 4,732 Montcalm 21,821 58.5 15,454 41.5 37,275 Kamouraska 7,691 52.9 6,847 47.1 14,538 Labelle 10.606 58.1 7,660 41.9 18,266 Lac-Saint-Jean 8,255 46.6 7,353 41.5 2,120 12.0 17,728 Lapointe 9,864 34.0 12,113 41.7 7,042 24.3 29,019 Levis 9,164 42.5 12,410 57.5 21,574 Longueuil 18,637 49.8 16.238 43.4 2,529 6.8 37,404 Lotbiniere 9,610 59.9 6,432 40.1 16,042 Matapedia-Matane 14.969 58.9 10,433 41.1 25,402 Megantic 13,030 48.7 13,486 50.4 246 0.9 26,762 Montmagny-L’Islet 7,963 47.8 8,689 52.2 16,652 Nicolet-Yamaska 11,880 62.2 7,219 37.8 19,099 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 8.842 51.2 8,431 48.8 17,273 Portneuf 11,386 53.2 10,031 46.8 21,417 Quebec-Est 22,285 49.5 21,649 48.1 1,104 2.5 45,038 Quebec-Ouest 14.223 51.5 12,357 44.7 1,054 3.8 27,634 Quebec-Sud 15,771 50.4 15,507 49.6 31,278 Quebec-Montmorency 25,394 55.1 19,610 42.5 1,109 2.4 46,113 Richelieu-Vercheres 11,005 44.9 13,497 55.1 24,502 Richmond-Wolfe 11,984 50.3 11,299 47.4 560 2.3 23,843 Rimouski 16,426 57.7 11,503 40.4 534 1.9 28,463 Roberval 10,696 53.9 9,130 46.1 19,826 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot Saint-Jean-lberville- 15,761 58.9 10,857 40.5 157 0.6 26,775 Napierville 12,100 45.8 14,332 54.2 26,432 180 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-10 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 14,405 41.4 18,556 53.3 1,863 5.3 34,824 Saguenay 13,194 53.8 11,330 46.2 24,524 Shefford 12,211 47.1 13,001 50.1 739 2.8 25,951 Sherbrooke 15,383 51.0 14,458 47.9 349 1.2 30,190 Stanstead 10,363 56.0 7,638 41.3 489 2.6 18,490 Temiscouata 13,361 57.7 9,810 42.3 23,171 Terrebonne 19,319 51.4 18,241 48.6 37,560 Trois-Rivieres 18,049 59.7 11,193 37.1 968 3.2 30,210 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 8,161 52.9 7,274 47.1 15,435 Villeneuve 9,811 34.0 10,102 35.0 662 2.3 8,276 28.7 28,851 Totals 678,006 50.8 606,174 45.5 18,234 1.4 9,746 0.7 21,483 1.6 1,333,643 lie de Montreal Cartier 6,850 42.3 7,097 43.8 713 4.4 1,528 9.4 16,188 Dollard 16,677 43.6 18,760 49.1 1,742 4.6 1,063 2.8 38,242 Hochelaga 12,845 40.5 16,706 52.7 1,294 4.1 883 2.8 31,728 Jacques-Cartier-Lasalle 30,908 52.8 24,233 41.4 3,364 5.7 58,505 Lafontaine 10,299 43.4 12,195 51.3 979 4.1 276 1.2 23,749 Laurier 8,915 45.1 10,125 51.2 741 3.7 19,781 Laval 26,076 47.5 25,363 46.2 2,165 3.9 1,272 2.3 54,876 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 19,479 45.0 21,515 49.7 2,276 5.3 43,270 Mercier 26,463 50.4 23,103 44.0 2,219 4.2 687 1.3 52,472 Mont-Royal 21,562 47.3 22,051 48.4 1,952 4.3 45,565 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 27,145 60.5 16,172 36.1 1,526 3.4 44,843 Outremont-Saint-Jean 8,906 38.9 12,715 55.6 1,249 5.5 22,870 Papineau 14,468 41.5 18,466 52.9 1,328 3.8 632 1.8 34,894 Sainte-Anne 5,941 37.4 8,289 52.2 394 2.5 1,256 7.9 15,880 Saint-Antoine-Westmount 15,882 53.5 12,941 43.6 684 2.3 192 0.6 29,699 Saint-Denis 12,166 42.4 14,737 51.4 879 3.1 917 3.2 28,699 Saint-Henri 10,196 34.7 11,533 39.3 691 2.4 714 2.4 6,218 21.2 29,352 Saint-Jacques 12,798 51.9 10,517 42.7 670 2.7 666 2.7 24,651 Saint-Laurent-Saint-Georges 9,702 55.0 7,132 40.4 534 3.0 279 1.6 17,647 Sainte-Marie 11,635 52.0 9,662 43.2 634 2.8 433 1.9 22,364 Verdun 16,357 46.3 14,604 41.3 2,205 6.2 264 0.7 1,901 5.4 35,331 Totals 325,270 47.1 317,916 46.0 27,360 4.0 3,112 0.5 16,948 2.5 690,606 Province Totals 1,003,276 49.6 924,090 45.7 45,594 2.3 12,858 0.6 38,431 1.9 2,024,249 Rejected 20,950 Total Vote Cast 2,045,199 Vote Cast for "OtherRidings (75) Ind. = 12,794 5 Ind Lib. = 11,791 9 Elector's = 8,276 1 Ind. PC = 1,844 4 Lab. Prog. = 1,162 2 Cap. Fam. = 968 1 Rad. Chr. = 687 1 Soc. = 666 1 Can. Lab. = 243 1 181 : Quebec Table 8-11 Quebec—1962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 10,589 38.1 11,761 42.3 4,095 14.7 1,331 4.8 27,776 Beauce 901 3.5 9,774 37.7 15,230 58.8 25,905 Beauharnois-Salaberry 11,175 36.3 13,290 43.1 6,341 20.6 30,806 Bellechase Berthier-Maskinonge- 2,953 22.7 4,954 38.1 5,091 39.2 12,998 Delanaudiere 9,211 45.4 7,607 37.5 3,452 17.0 20,270 Bonaventure 6,286 37.3 7,559 44.8 3,025 17.9 16,870 Brome-Missisquoi 8,074 41.8 7,629 39.5 3,598 18.6 19,301 Chambly-Rouville 9,688 39.2 11,813 47.8 3,236 13.1 24,737 Champlain 7,789 28.6 9,936 36.5 815 3.0 8,662 31.8 27,202 Chapleau 5,213 19.5 5,545 20.7 551 2.1 15,430 57.7 26,739 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 6,341 31.1 5,408 26.5 8,645 42.4 20,394 Laprairie 9,260 42.2 10,305 46.9 2,398 10.9 21,963 Chicoutimi 5,803 17.7 9,310 28.4 1,071 3.3 16,566 50.6 32,750 Compton-Frontenac 4.657 27.0 4,379 25.4 8,184 47.5 17,220 Dorchester 3,582 23.5 3,939 25.9 7,701 50.6 15,222 Drummond-Arthabaska 7,050 18.5 13,414 35.2 17,597 46.2 38,061 Gaspe 10,530 44.5 8,055 34.1 5,067 21.4 23,652 Gatineau 7,983 33.3 10,135 42.2 963 4.0 4,925 20.5 24,006 Hull 6,612 17.8 17,932 48.2 1,043 2.8 11,642 31.3 37,229 lles-de-la-Madeleine Joliette-L'Assomption- 2,230 44.1 2,765 54.6 67 1.3 5,062 Montcalm 17,600 47.7 12,172 33.0 829 2.2 6,310 17.1 36,911 Kamouraska 3,762 30.2 4,165 33.4 4,550 36.5 12,477 Labelle 6,107 33.7 6,218 34.3 985 5.4 4,813 26.6 18,123 Lac-Saint-Jean 3,341 17.6 4,018 21.1 935 4.9 10,743 56.4 19,037 Lapointe 2,524 8.4 11,245 37.5 16,186 54.0 29,955 Levis 3,575 15.0 8,826 36.9 11,504 48.1 23,905 Longueuil 17,578 44.3 14,686 37.0 2,518 6.3 4,186 10.5 739 1.9 39,707 Lotbiniere 6,183 38.5 5,581 34.8 4,287 26.7 16,051 Matapedia-Matane 8,484 36.8 6,304 27.4 328 1.4 7,299 31.7 633 2.7 23,048 Megantic 5,822 20.2 7,609 26.4 15,395 53.4 28,826 Montmagny-L'lslet 3,599 22.1 5,068 31.1 7,629 46.8 16,296 Nicolet-Yamaska 8,861 45.4 7,427 38.0 3,233 16.6 19,521 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 6,137 35.8 6,005 35.0 381 2.2 4,624 27.0 17,147 Portneuf 4,510 20.5 5,377 24.5 12,089 55.0 21,976 Quebec-Est 8.005 17.8 13,747 30.6 703 1.6 22,446 50.0 44,901 Quebec-Ouest 4,575 16.6 6,306 22.9 360 1.3 16,169 58.7 152 0.6 27,562 Quebec-Sud 9,216 32.2 12,521 43.8 1,296 4.5 5,586 19.5 28,619 Quebec-Montmorency 9,318 15.3 15,460 25.4 35,499 58.4 480 0.8 60,757 Richelieu-Vercheres 9,790 36.6 14,658 54.9 2,268 8.5 26,716 Richmond-Wolfe 5,843 24.3 6,430 26.7 11,816 49.1 24,089 Rimouski 8,956 31.5 9,955 35.0 393 1.4 9,171 32.2 28,475 Riviere-du-Loup-Temiscouata 5,380 25.1 7,959 37.2 8,058 37.7 21,397 Roberval 4,216 20.2 5,510 26.4 11,180 53.5 20,906 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot Saint-Jean-lberville- 12,586 46.3 8,945 32.9 5,663 20.8 27,194 182 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-11 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal _ NDP _ Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Napierville 7,849 28.8 14,147 51.9 4,114 15.1 1,173 4.3 27,283 Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 4,931 13.7 10,912 30.3 20,225 56.1 36,068 Saguenay 6,168 19.1 10,210 31.5 15,992 49.4 32,370 Shefford 7,569 25.6 9,570 32.4 12,421 42.0 29,560 Sherbrooke 8,791 26.8 7,066 21.5 311 0.9 16,673 50.8 32,841 Stanstead 7,982 41.2 4,944 25.5 6,448 33.3 19,374 Terrebonne 11,155 28.1 15,547 39.2 3,680 9.3 9,269 23.4 39,651 Trois-Rivieres 15,545 48.7 11,675 36.6 4,715 14.8 31,935 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 8,392 47.5 8,126 46.0 1,135 6.4 17,653 Villeneuve 2,441 7.8 6,831 21.8 981 3.1 21,022 67.2 31,275 Totals 392,718 28.1 480,730 34.3 22,257 1.6 500,729 35.8 3,335 0.2 1,399,769 lie de Montreal Cartier 3,582 27.3 6,464 49.3 1,871 14.3 1,201 9.2 13,118 Dollard 10,227 26.2 21,802 55.8 4,288 11.0 2,727 7.0 39,044 Hochelaga 7,784 29.7 13,220 50.4 2,475 9.4 2,379 9.1 347 1.3 26,205 Jacques-Cartier-Lasalle 27,883 40.0 34,232 49.1 5,778 8.3 1,758 2.5 69,651 Lafontaine 6,212 30.1 10,000 48.4 1,665 8.1 1,660 8.0 1,118 5.4 20,655 Laurier 5,466 33.1 8,255 50.0 1,360 8.2 1,419 8.6 16,500 Laval 22,843 31.2 36,248 49.5 5,302 7.2 4,294 5.9 4,513 6.2 73,200 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 11,696 30.0 18,016 46.2 6,314 16.2 2,003 5.1 942 2.4 38,971 Mercier 19,925 28.6 28,898 41.5 7,491 10.8 11,680 16.8 1,621 2.3 69,615 Mont-Royal 11,352 22.6 31,654 63.0 6,388 12.7 845 1.7 50,239 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 18,033 39.7 22,080 48.6 4,875 10.7 446 1.0 45,434 Outremont-Saint-Jean 6,504 30.2 10,134 47.1 4,308 20.0 577 2.7 21,523 Papineau 8,418 28.8 16,062 54.9 3,083 10.5 1,680 5.7 29,243 Sainte-Anne 4,478 33.9 7,737 58.5 627 4.7 381 2.9 13,223 Saint-Antoine-Westmount 10,869 40.4 13,973 52.0 1,346 5.0 702 2.6 26,890 Saint-Denis 8,282 33.7 11,728 47.7 2,261 9.2 1,908 7.8 393 1.6 24,572 Saint-Henri 9,013 34.2 13,323 50.5 2,200 8.3 1,188 4.5 646 2.4 26,370 Saint-Jacques 7,271 38.5 7,664 40.6 1,925 10.2 2,023 10.7 18,883 Saint-Laurent-Saint-Georges 4,969 35.7 7,227 51.9 1,282 9.2 437 3.1 13,915 Sainte-Marie 8,748 46.0 5,453 28.7 1,269 6.7 1,364 7.2 2,169 11.4 19,003 Verdun 11,489 33.9 13,860 40.9 3,430 10.1 1,032 3.0 4,089 12.1 33,900 Totals 225,044 32.6 338,030 49.0 69,538 10.1 41,704 6.0 15,838 2.3 690,154 Province Totals 617,762 29.6 818,760 39.2 91,795 4.4 542,433 26.0 19,173 0.9 2,089,923 Rejected 27,721 Total Vote Cast 2,117,644 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (75) Ind. Lib. - 9,654 68 Ind. = 3,442 4 Ind. PC = 2,713 4 CLE = 1,836 1 Confed. = 636 1 Cap. Fam. = 393 1 Comm. = 347 1 Ouv. Ind. = 152 1 163 : Quebec Table 8-12 Quebec—1963 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 10,176 35.3 12,324 42.8 1,179 4.1 5,114 17.8 28,793 Beauce 1,134 4.5 10,532 42.1 740 3.0 12,627 50.4 25,033 Beauharnois-Salaberry 5,440 17.6 15,892 51.3 1,795 5.8 7,836 25.3 30,963 Bellechase Berthier-Maskinonge- 1,291 10.7 5,434 44.9 5,367 44.4 12,092 Delanaudiere 8,471 41.6 8,178 40.1 392 1.9 3,339 16.4 20,380 Bonaventure 2,785 17.2 9,092 56.2 4,302 26.6 16,179 Brome-Missisquoi 8,411 44.6 7,105 37.7 856 4.5 2,468 13.1 18,840 Chambly-Rouville 3,412 13.9 13,850 56.6 2,311 9.4 4,887 20.0 24,460 Champlain 7,287 26.2 12,446 44.8 570 2.1 7,470 26.9 27,773 Chapleau 4,205 16.9 5,955 24.0 14,701 59.1 24,861 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 6,843 34.2 5,787 28.9 7,390 36.9 20,020 Laprairie 6,926 30.2 10,746 46.9 1,226 5.3 4,039 17.6 22,937 Chicoutimi 3,670 11.7 10,334 33.0 2,687 8.6 14,581 46.6 31,272 Compton-Frontenac 3,471 21.9 5,673 35.9 445 2.8 6,234 39.4 15,823 Dorchester 3,597 25.3 4,801 33.7 5,830 41.0 14,228 Drummond-Arthabaska 3,416 9.2 17,338 46.9 1,456 3.9 14,739 39.9 36,949 Gaspe 8,846 37.2 10,738 45.1 4,208 17.7 23,792 Gatineau 5,861 23.6 11,589 46.6 1,102 4.4 6,295 25.3 24,847 Hull 2,965 8.0 19,667 53.0 891 2.4 13,603 36.6 37,126 lles-de-la-Madeleine Joliette-L'Assomption- 183 3.8 3,053 63.6 1,568 32.6 4,804 Montcalm 16,103 42.6 12,299 32.5 2,033 5.4 7,399 19.6 37,834 Kamouraska 767 6.0 5,659 44.0 143 1.1 6,286 48.9 12,855 Labelle 2,844 16.4 6,632 38.3 905 5.2 6,951 40.1 17,332 Lac-Saint-Jean 1,373 7.4 6,219 33.7 1,524 8.3 9,318 50.5 18,434 Lapointe 3,474 12.3 8,506 30.2 2,857 10.1 13,312 47.3 28,149 Levis 4,563 19.4 9,634 41.0 9,315 39.6 23,512 Longueuil 14,269 33.6 17,223 40.6 3,208 7.6 7,735 18.2 42,435 Lotbiniere 5,449 34.4 6,957 43.9 3,442 21.7 15,848 Matapedia-Matane 6,021 25.2 10,265 43.0 7,237 30.3 344 1.4 23,867 Megantic 4,267 16.5 9,140 35.4 1,115 4.3 11,329 43.8 25,851 Montmagny-L'lslet 3,292 20.7 7,096 44.6 5,537 34.8 15,925 Nicolet-Yamaska 9,438 48.1 8,124 41.4 228 1.2 1,825 9.3 * 19,615 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 6,449 38.9 6,448 38.9 351 2.1 3,339 20.1 16,587 Portneuf 459 2.3 6,776 33.3 11,473 56.5 1,616 8.0 20,324 Quebec-Est 6,593 14.9 16,976 38.4 1,450 3.3 18,661 42.2 540 1.2 44,220 Quebec-Ouest 3,160 11.7 9,580 35.4 848 3.1 13,136 48.5 373 1.4 27,097 Quebec-Sud 5,533 18.7 16,314 55.1 2,329 7.9 5,454 18.4 29,630 Quebec-Montmorency 5,555 8.9 25,091 40.4 3,282 5.3 28,147 45.3 62,075 Richelieu-Vercheres 1,795 6.8 14,194 53.5 936 3.5 9,616 36.2 26,541 Richmond-Wolfe 4,063 18.4 8,762 39.7 928 4.2 8,312 37.7 22,065 Rimouski 3,192 10.9 12,274 42.1 1,297 4.4 12,414 42.5 29,177 Riviere-du-Loup-Temiscouata 1,246 5.5 10,753 47.7 244 1.1 10,278 45.6 22,521 Roberval 1,667 8.4 6,908 34.6 1,025 5.1 10,345 51.9 19,945 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot Saint-Jean-lberville- 13,716 52.0 8,540 32.4 4,122 15.6 26,378 Napierville 4,461 16.0 14,656 52.7 1,599 5.8 7,081 25.5 27,797 184 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-12 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 3,018 8.4 16,358 45.7 1,983 5.5 14,414 40.3 Saguenay 3,240 10.0 13,896 42.8 2,036 6.3 13,261 40.9 Shefford 4,991 18.9 9,713 36.8 1,706 6.5 9,989 37.8 Sherbrooke 3,390 10.7 12,103 38.2 1,052 3.3 12,708 40.1 2,469 7.8 Stanstead 6,394 34.1 7,649 40.8 4,714 25.1 Terrebonne 4,798 11.6 19,015 46.0 3,895 9.4 13,618 33.0 Trois-Rivieres 14,558 44.7 13,077 40.1 718 2.2 4,224 13.0 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 6,031 34.7 8,639 49.8 2,340 13.5 354 2.0 Villeneuve 2,235 7.5 7,270 24.3 2,279 7.6 18,096 60.6 Totals 276,794 20.0 573,280 41.4 55,621 4.0 472,026 34.1 5,696 0.4 lie de Montreal Cartier 2,788 20.6 6,642 49.2 1,918 14.2 2,162 16.0 Dollard 4,693 11.4 23,764 57.9 6,342 15.4 4,938 12.0 1,320 3.2 Hochelaga 3,892 13.8 13,093 46.4 3,394 12.0 7,535 26.7 327 1.2 Jacques-Cartier-Lasalle 20,260 26.9 44,299 58.8 6,167 8.2 4,637 6.2 Lafontaine 2,937 13.6 10,929 50.5 3,340 15.4 4,456 20.6 Laurier 3,245 18.1 8,059 44.9 2,379 13.2 4,282 23.8 Laval 10,963 13.6 43,452 53.9 12,478 15.5 13,701 17.0 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 7,711 18.3 20,595 48.9 7,798 18.5 6,025 14.3 Mercier 15,130 19.0 33,450 41.9 11,606 14.6 19,577 24.5 Mont-Royal 5,693 10.6 37,648 70.4 8,855 16.5 1,318 2.5 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 8,734 18.4 30,532 64.5 7,141 15.1 932 2.0 Outremont-Saint-Jean 4,684 19.9 13,305 56.6 4,227 18.0 1,278 5.4 Papineau 4,353 14.5 15,677 52.4 3,388 11.3 4,959 16.6 1,560 5.2 Sainte-Anne 1,963 15.4 7,215 56.5 753 5.9 2,830 22.2 Saint-Antoine-Westmount 7,223 26.3 16,635 60.7 2,227 8.1 1,338 4.9 Saint-Denis 4,035 17.6 11,707 51.0 2,637 11.5 4,573 19.9 Saint-Henri 2,800 10.3 13,981 51.5 2,378 8.8 8,003 29.5 Saint-Jacques 5,831 28.9 7,841 38.9 2,106 10.4 4,386 21.8 Saint-Laurent-Saint-Georges 3,796 25.9 8,552 58.3 1,606 11.0 708 4.8 Sainte-Marie 8,549 42.4 6,043 29.9 1,320 6.5 4,271 21.2 Verdun 7,488 21.5 19,473 56.0 3,380 9.7 4,412 12.7 Totals 136,768 18.6 392,892 53.5 95,440 13.0 106,321 14.5 3,207 0.4 Province Totals 413,562 19.5 966,172 45.6 151,061 7.1 578,347 27.3 8,903 0.4 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (75) Ind. = 2,823 2 Ind. PC = 1,616 1 Ind. Lib. = 1,320 1 Ouv. Ind. = 1,064 1 Ind. SC = 717 2 Nat'llst. = 540 1 Lib. Elec. = 496 1 Comm. = 327 1 Total 35,773 32,433 26,399 31,722 18,757 41,326 32,577 17,364 29,880 1,383,417 13,510 41,057 28,241 75,363 21,662 17,965 80,594 42,129 79,763 53,514 47,339 23,494 29,937 12,761 27,423 22,952 27,162 20,164 14,662 20,183 34,753 734,628 2,118,045 25,201 2,143,246 185 : Quebec Table 8-13 Quebec—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Ral. Cred. Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 14,035 47.4 11,576 39.1 2,174 7.3 1,805 6.1 29,590 Beauce 338 1.3 10,530 41.3 7,514 29.4 7,138 28.0 25,520 Beauharnois-Salaberry 6,242 19.3 16,145 50.0 3,544 11.0 1,847 5.7 4,488 13.9 32,266 Bellechase Berthier-Maskinonge- 2,264 19.4 4,783 41.1 170 1.5 4,432 38.0 11,649 Delanaudiere 5,512 30.8 7,868 44.0 2,672 14.9 1,525 8.5 315 1.8 17,892 Bonaventure 6,236 38.5 8,985 55.4 251 1.5 733 4.5 16,205 Brome-Missisquoi 9,662 50.0 7,512 38.9 1,039 5.4 1,116 5.8 19,329 Chambly-Rouville 3,838 15.7 14,377 59.0 4,266 17.5 1,896 7.8 24,377 Champlain 6,106 23.7 12,334 47.9 2,098 8.1 5,221 20.3 25,759 Chapleau 2,320 9.0 6,816 26.5 872 3.4 15,402 59.8 338 1.3 25,748 Charlevoix Chateauguay-Huntingdon- 6,844 34.9 6,676 34.0 556 2.8 5,556 28.3 19,632 Laprairie 4,659 20.4 14,222 62.3 2,369 10.4 1,052 4.6 520 2.3 22,822 Chicoutimi 5,087 17.2 11,092 37.4 1,131 3.8 7,894 26.6 4,419 14.9 29,623 Compton-Frontenac 2,128 14.2 4,464 29.7 1,196 8.0 7,240 48.2 15,028 Dorchester 3,802 30.0 4,602 36.3 494 3.9 3,786 29.8 12,684 Drummond-Arthabaska 7,413 19.1 15,179 39.1 1,660 4.3 8,518 21.9 6,068 15.6 38,838 Gaspe 11,045 48.8 10,452 46.2 1,148 5.1 22,645 Gatineau 4,952 20.2 13,088 53.4 1,543 6.3 4,189 17.1 734 3.0 24,506 Hull 1,873 5.7 17,832 54.7 2,261 6.9 9,798 30.0 846 2.6 32,610 lles-de-la-Madeleine Joliette-L'Assomption- 2,468 45.8 2,860 53.1 20 0.4 38 0.7 5,386 Montcalm 15,043 39.4 15,221 39.9 4,951 13.0 2,961 7.8 38,176 Kamouraska 300 2.5 5,639 46.7 6,127 50.8 12,066 Labelle 3,354 21.5 6,554 42.0 1,989 12.8 3,697 23.7 15,594 Lac-Saint-Jean 532 3.0 5,337 30.1 1,477 8.3 5,642 31.8 4,736 26.7 17,724 Lapointe 2,658 10.0 9,733 36.6 1,028 3.9 13,210 49.6 26,629 Levis 2,175 9.0 10,895 45.3 1,156 4.8 9,839 40.9 24,065 Longueuil 5,286 13.7 21,578 56.0 6,214 16.1 5,456 14.2 38,534 Lotbiniere 5,160 34.7 6,238 41.9 3,481 23.4 14,879 Matapedia-Matane 5,568 27.6 10,435 51.8 769 3.8 3,383 16.8 20,155 Megantic 2,634 10.6 9,486 38.0 1,641 6.6 11,195 44.9 24,956 Montmagny-L’lslet 4,450 30.5 6,389 43.7 341 2.3 3,426 23.5 14,606 Nicolet-Yamaska 11,734 63.8 6,090 33.1 210 1.1 368 2.0 • 18,402 Pontiac-Temiscamingue 6,322 37.6 6,593 39.2 434 2.6 3,279 19.5 194 1.2 16,822 Portneuf 3,400 17.5 5,390 27.7 184 0.9 6,539 33.6 3,938 20.2 19,451 Quebec-Est 5,546 13.5 18,900 46.1 2,870 7.0 13,642 33.3 40,958 Quebec-Ouest 3,454 13.6 10,669 41.9 1,222 4.8 9,820 38.6 298 1.2 25,463 Quebec-Sud 5,373 20.4 16,141 61.3 2,506 9.5 2,290 8.7 26,310 Quebec-Montmorency 5,811 8.9 30,084 46.0 7,709 11.8 14,720 22.5 7,117 10.9 65,441 Richelieu-Vercheres 3,107 12.0 15,697 60.4 1,868 7.2 5,317 20.5 25,989 Richmond-Wolfe 4,359 20.4 8,685 40.6 1,660 7.8 6,662 31.2 21,366 Rimouski 1,477 5.5 11,372 42.3 6,783 25.2 7,245 27.0 26,877 Riviere-du-Loup-Temiscouata 4,378 21.2 11,026 53.5 489 2.4 4,715 22.9 20,608 Roberval 2,189 11.2 7,712 39.3 968 4.9 8,736 44.6 19,605 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot Saint-Jean-lberville- 15,127 53.3 11,690 41.2 591 2.1 994 3.5 28,402 Napierville 12,510 43.6 6,784 23.7 2,260 7.9 785 2.7 6,338 22.1 28,677 186 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-13 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Ral. Cred. Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % 1 Mumber % Saint-Maurice-Lafleche 5,115 15.7 14,395 44.1 5,669 17.4 7,429 22.8 Saguenay 4,348 13.2 15,062 45.8 5,019 15.3 8,478 25.8 Shefford 9,467 32.7 9,494 32.8 9,447 32.7 518 1.8 Sherbrooke 499 1.5 11,159 33.6 1,356 4.1 5,522 16.6 14,698 44.2 Stanstead 6,495 35.8 7,626 42.1 1,157 6.4 2,854 15.7 Terrebonne 10,417 27.4 16,806 44.2 5,384 14.2 5,412 14.2 Trois-Rivieres 4,799 15.2 10,617 33.6 749 2.4 2,488 7.9 12,927 40.9 Vaudreuil-Soulanges 6,580 37.3 8,955 50.8 1,346 7.6 750 4.3 Villeneuve 1,924 6.7 5,397 18.8 1,496 5.2 19,839 69.2 Totals 288,415 21.4 575,242 42.8 107,326 8.0 306,082 22.7 68,492 5.1 lie de Montreal Cartier 2,209 20.8 5,389 50.6 1,903 17.9 1,141 10.7 Dollard 6,996 17.1 22,496 54.9 9,041 22.1 2,452 6.0 Hochelaga 4,662 18.7 11,929 47.8 4,902 19.6 3,486 14.0 Jacques-Cartier-Lasalle 17,184 22.0 44,251 56.6 13,853 17.7 2,956 3.8 Lafontaine 3,742 19.8 9,101 48.2 3,804 20.1 1,896 10.0 342 1.8 Laurier 2,251 17.4 7,032 54.5 1,925 14.9 1,704 13.2 Laval 13,353 15.2 44,533 50.8 21,484 24.5 8,349 9.5 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 8,027 20.7 17,663 45.7 9,753 25.2 3,244 8.4 Mercier 16,598 19.7 39,205 46.6 15,206 18.1 11,365 13.5 1,708 2.0 Mont-Royal 6,840 13.6 28,064 55.6 14,929 29.6 598 1.2 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 10,935 25.3 17,796 41.1 14,071 32.5 257 0.6 206 0.5 Outremont-Saint-Jean 3,241 16.2 11,855 59.4 3,730 18.7 662 3.3 465 2.3 Papineau 4,474 17.1 13,920 53.1 3,529 13.5 2,367 9.0 1,927 7.4 Sainte-Anne 2,283 22.1 6,150 59.6 826 8.0 1,060 10.3 Saint-Antoine-Westmount 6,343 27.0 13,378 56.9 3,241 13.8 542 2.3 Saint-Denis 5,270 24.8 11,000 51.7 2,872 13.5 1,787 8.4 352 1.7 Saint-Henri 6,297 26.0 12,310 50.8 3,364 13.9 2,039 8.4 228 0.9 Saint-Jacques 5,248 33.0 7,023 44.1 1,406 8.8 1,576 9.9 669 4.2 Saint-Laurent-Saint-Georges 2,648 23.0 6,920 60.1 1,676 14.6 274 2.4 Sainte-Marie 9,672 55.3 5,201 29.8 1,385 7.9 1,222 7.0 Verdun 6,213 20.4 18,072 59.3 4,113 13.5 2,094 6.9 Totals 144,486 20.9 353,288 51.1 137,013 19.8 51,071 7.4 5,897 0.9 Province Totals 432,901 21.2 928,530 45.6 244,339 12.0 357,153 17.5 74,389 3.7 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other': Ridings (75) Elected Ind. = 42,966 8 1 Ind. Lib. = 15,716 7 PC Ind. = 12,541 3 1 Ind. Ind. = 669 1 Rhino = 618 2 Comm. = 570 2 DVP = 465 1 Lib. Ouv = 352 1 Ouv Ind. = 298 1 Ind SC = 194 1 Total 32,608 32,907 28,926 33,234 18,132 38,019 31,580 17,631 28,656 1,345,557 10,642 40,985 24,979 78,244 18,885 12,912 87,719 38,687 84,082 50,431 43,265 19,953 26,217 10,319 23,504 21,281 24,238 15,922 11,518 17,480 30,492 691,755 2,037,312 36,002 2,073,314 187 : Quebec Table 8-14 Quebec—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Ral. Cred. Other Total Number % 1 Number % Number % Number % Number % Abitibi 1,796 9.1 6,606 33.4 515 2.6 10,884 55.0 19,801 Argenteuil 13,566 42.2 15,726 48.9 1,696 5.3 1,158 3.6 32,146 Beauce 6,207 21.9 7,752 27.4 639 2.3 13,428 47.5 260 0.9 28,286 Beauharnois 8,703 30.3 17,203 59.8 1,764 6.1 1,087 3.8 28,757 Bellechase 2,262 9.5 9,793 41.3 528 2.2 11,137 47.0 23,720 Berthier 8,182 35.5 10,818 47.0 1,029 4.5 2,994 13.0 23,023 Bonaventure 3,674 19.3 10,144 53.3 282 1.5 4,240 22.3 680 3.6 19,020 Chambly 6,739 19.6 22,767 66.3 3,394 9.9 1,430 4.2 34,330 Champlain 6,449 24.3 9,665 36.4 550 2.1 9,866 37.2 26,530 Charlevoix 9,487 41.8 8,282 36.5 1,070 4.7 3,831 16.9 22,670 Chicoutimi 9,811 35.2 14,054 50.4 879 3.2 3,151 11.3 27,895 Compton 3,987 15.7 8,615 33.9 851 3.3 11,961 47.1 25,414 Drummond 8,342 27.6 11.667 38.5 723 2.4 9,545 31.5 30,277 Frontenac 3,510 13.0 9,863 36.7 1,231 4.6 12,298 45.7 26,902 Gaspe 6,969 34.3 9,208 45.3 564 2.8 3,571 17.6 20,312 Gatineau 7,581 28.3 14.348 53.5 1,163 4.3 3,711 13.8 26,803 Hull 3,661 10.9 22,982 68.7 1,151 3.4 5,311 15.9 337 1.0 33,442 Joliette 12,464 43.3 12,292 42.7 1,620 5.6 2,391 8.3 28,767 Kamouraska 4,996 23.0 7,631 35.1 359 1.7 8,762 40.3 21,748 Labelle 10,152 34.0 15,801 52.9 1,699 5.7 2,215 7.4 29,867 Lac-Saint-Jean 1,034 5.1 9,325 46.3 1,330 6.6 8,430 41.9 20,119 Langelier 8,150 27.8 11,439 39.0 658 2.2 8,770 29.9 308 1.1 29,325 Lapointe 8,077 32.1 11,821 47.0 919 3.7 4,324 17.2 25,141 Laprairie 5,316 12.6 31,968 75.9 3,551 8.4 1,288 3.1 42,123 Levis 9,523 29.0 12,227 37.2 1,189 3.6 9,887 30.1 32,826 Longueuil 5,448 17.3 19,080 60.7 4,254 13.5 2,023 6.4 635 2.0 31,440 Lotbiniere 8,215 27.4 9,743 32.5 732 2.4 11,302 37.7 29,992 Louis-Hebert 8,174 18.6 28,220 64.3 2,054 4.7 5,433 12.4 43,881 Manicouagan 4,539 20.2 13,504 60.0 2,463 10.9 1,992 8.9 22,498 Matane 6,055 35.5 9,207 54.0 639 3.7 1,159 6.8 17,060 Missisquoi 11,705 38.2 12,905 42.1 803 2.6 5,205 17.0 30,618 Montmorency 6,555 15.8 17,327 41.8 775 1.9 16,114 38.9 649 1.6 41,420 Pontiac 7,392 35.4 10,250 49.1 827 4.0 2,420 11.6 20,889 Portneuf 4,519 11.9 13,965 36.8 1,126 3.0 18,328 48.3 37,938 Quebec-Est 4,607 13.4 14,945 43.6 953 2.8 13,807 40.2 34,312 Richelieu 12,470 39.6 15,350 48.8 1,300 4.1 1,966 6.2 395 1.3 31,481 Richmond 3,527 14.2 8,870 35.7 608 2.4 11,853 47.7 24,858 Rimouski 9,445 38.6 12,073 49.4 2,937 12.0 24,455 Roberval 1,951 10.4 7,727 41.3 241 1.3 8,811 47.0 18,730 Saint-Hyacinthe 16,389 47.4 15,601 45.2 878 2.5 1,682 4.9 34,550 Saint-Jean 9,715 31.8 15,878 52.0 3,332 10.9 1,373 4.5 214 0.7 30,512 Saint-Maurice 4,570 14.6 13,895 44.5 550 1.8 12,198 39.1 31,213 Shefford 5,718 18.4 12,158 39.1 574 1.8 12,633 40.6 31,083 Sherbrooke 5,946 15.7 15,270 40.2 1,563 4.1 15,172 40.0 37,951 Temiscamingue 1,774 8.3 6,603 30.8 556 2.6 12,532 58.4 21,465 Temiscouata 8,630 38.1 10,605 46.9 360 1.6 3,029 13.4 22,624 188 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-14 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal _NDP Ral. Cred. Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Terrebonne 6,934 20.3 21,191 62.0 3,860 11.3 1,363 4.0 824 2.4 34,172 Trois-Rivieres 10,501 27.6 17,592 46.2 1,724 4.5 7,305 19.2 930 2.4 38,052 Villeneuve 2,182 10.3 7,994 37.8 886 4.2 10,073 47.7 21,135 Totals 337,599 24.3 651,950 46.8 60,412 4.3 336,380 24.2 5,232 0.4 1,391,573 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Ahuntsic 4,807 13.5 23,149 64.9 4,977 14.0 1,243 3.5 1,483 4.2 35,659 Bourassa 10,939 30.5 19,778 55.1 3,443 9.6 1,401 3.9 339 0.9 35,900 Dollard 2,391 5.1 34,146 72.2 10,485 22.2 287 0.6 47,309 Duvernay 1,068 2.9 18,701 50.5 16,225 43.9 1,006 2.7 37,000 Gamelin 8,866 25.5 19,051 54.9 5,210 15.0 873 2.5 723 2.1 34,723 Hochelaga 5,720 26.1 12,080 55.1 2,793 12.7 1,122 5.1 192 0.9 21,907 Lachine 6,225 15.4 25,989 64.4 7,898 19.6 220 0.5 40,332 Lafontaine 6,412 25.2 14,786 58.1 3,142 12.4 879 3.5 210 0.8 25,429 Lasalle 7,018 18.2 26,546 68.7 4,097 10.6 982 2.5 38,643 Laurier 2,827 14.7 10,040 52.1 843 4.4 695 3.6 4,882 25.3 19,287 Laval 4,801 12.5 24,740 64.4 5,807 15.1 940 2.4 2,141 5.6 38,429 Maisonneuve 5,522 20.4 15,784 58.2 4,588 16.9 1,233 4.5 27,127 Mercier 10,571 28.9 19,077 52.1 3,041 8.3 3,011 8.2 888 2.4 36,588 Mount Royal 1,965 4.8 37,402 90.8 1,583 3.8 80 0.2 182 0.4 41,212 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 2,466 6.9 25,959 73.0 7,123 20.0 35,548 Outremont 3,059 9.9 24,219 78.7 3,511 11.4 30,789 Papineau 4,168 18.3 14,379 63.2 2,572 11.3 1,094 4.8 537 2.4 22,750 Saint-Denis 3,653 15.4 17,022 71.7 1,908 8.0 1,165 4.9 23,748 Saint-Henri 972 4.8 12,792 63.4 1,491 7.4 608 3.0 4,299 21.3 20,162 Saint-Jacques 4,238 26.1 9,701 59.7 971 6.0 705 4.3 625 3.8 16,240 Sainte-Marie 9,528 45.0 7,449 35.2 1,149 5.4 884 4.2 2,146 10.1 21,156 Saint-Michel 4,685 14.0 22,307 66.8 3,176 9.5 2,515 7.5 711 2.1 33,394 Vaudreuil 7,654 19.0 29,830 73.9 2,905 7.2 40,389 Verdun 3,410 11.5 22,436 75.6 2,813 9.5 1,004 3.4 29,663 Westmount 5,928 15.1 31,104 79.1 2,303 5.9 39,335 Totals 128,893 16.3 518,467 65.4 104,054 13.1 21,947 2.8 19,358 2.4 792,719 Province Totals 466,492 21.4 1,170,417 53.6 164,466 7.5 358,327 16.4 24,590 1.1 2,184,292 Rejected 45,053 Total Vote Cast 2,229,345 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (74) Ind. = 13,541 11 Ind. Lib. = 4,472 5 PDE = 2,651 5 Franclib. = 2,141 1 Rhino = 354 1 Cons. = 339 1 Esp. Soc. = 311 1 RC Ind. = 308 1 PC Ind. = 281 1 Comm. = 192 1 189 : Quebec Table 8-15 Quebec—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Abitibi 1,739 7.8 8,203 36.6 12,482 55.7 22,424 Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 7,987 21.7 18,749 50.9 1,929 5.2 8,199 22.2 36,864 Beauce 5,551 17.3 13,170 41.1 632 2.0 12,686 39.6 32,039 Beauharnois-Salaberry 7,040 20.4 16,745 48.4 2,727 7.9 8,061 23.3 34,573 Bellechase 3,533 12.2 11,714 40.4 776 2.7 12,999 44.8 29,022 Berthier Bonaventure- 4,481 15.5 14,035 48.5 589 2.0 9,809 33.9 28,914 lles-de-la-Madeleine 5,108 22.6 12,213 53.9 480 2.1 4,842 21.4 22,643 Brome-Missisquoi 15,593 41.5 12,165 32.4 795 2.1 9,038 24.0 37,591 Chambly 8,151 16.4 26,532 53.2 5,532 11.1 8,728 17.5 909 1.8 49,852 Champlain 2,770 9.4 11,403 38.6 505 1.7 14,882 50.3 29,560 Charlevoix 5,747 22.0 10,105 38.7 10,264 39.3 26,116 Chicoutimi 12,712 35.4 15,655 43.6 935 2.6 6,572 18.3 35,874 Compton 4,142 15.2 10,656 39.1 654 2.4 11,636 42.7 182 0.7 27,270 Drummond 5,351 14.2 15,853 42.0 590 1.6 15,923 42.2 37,717 Frontenac 5,635 19.0 12,014 40.6 11,950 40.4 29,599 Gaspe 7,059 30.6 12,422 53.8 643 2.8 2,970 12.9 23,094 Gatineau 4,163 13.2 15,894 50.3 2,047 6.5 9,469 30.0 31,573 Hull 4,173 11.0 24,630 64.9 3,796 10.0 4,874 12.9 453 1.2 37,926 Joliette 1,770 4.6 12,819 33.1 361 0.9 5,652 14.6 18,074 46.7 38,676 Kamouraska 2,842 10.7 9,053 34.1 495 1.9 14,195 53.4 26,585 Labelle 6,439 17.5 15,807 42.9 1,645 4.5 12,247 33.2 739 21.0 36,877 Lac-Saint-Jean 7,074 29.7 11,165 46.9 5,203 21.9 362 1.5 23,804 Langelier 3,206 12.5 14,725 57.3 6,101 23.7 1,662 6.5 25,694 Lapointe 4,042 14.2 16,423 57.7 6,934 24.3 1,084 3.8 28,483 Laprairie 9,147 16.3 34,557 61.4 5,261 9.3 7,315 13.0 56,280 Levis 9,848 24.7 17,588 44.2 1,593 4.0 10,256 25.8 519 1.3 39,804 Longueuil 7,015 14.1 22,129 44.6 4,548 9.2 12,091 24.4 3,815 7.7 49,598 Lotbiniere 4,258 12.0 9,836 27.7 21,366 60.3 35,460 Louis-Hebert 7,566 14.1 30,928 57.8 7,750 14.5 4,672 8.7 2,575 4.8 53,491 Manicouagan 4,625 15.6 16,780 56.5 2,156 7.3 6,136 20.7 29,697 Matane 2,999 15.8 10,038 52.8 5,968 31.4 19,005 Montmorency 5,904 11.3 24,250 46.3 2,215 4.2 15,126 28.9 4,845 9.3 52,340 Pontiac 3,993 17.2 11,780 50.8 913 3.9 6,519 28.1 23,205 Portneuf 4,664 8.7 23,113 42.9 2,430 4.5 23,626 43.9 * 53,833 Quebec-Est 6,152 16.9 19,382 53.2 10,926 30.0 36,460 Richelieu 9,487 25.4 18,087 48.3 1,209 3.2 8,340 22.3 37,415 Richmond 3,887 14.2 8,657 31.7 624 2.3 14,133 51.8 27,301 Rimouski Riviere-du-Loup- 5,657 18.4 11,097 36.1 732 2.4 13,241 43.1 30,727 Temiscouata 5,263 21.1 10,004 40.1 9,659 38.8 24,926 Roberval 2,347 10.6 8,472 38.3 11,316 51.1 22,135 Saint-Hyacinthe 16,680 38.9 15,982 37.3 814 1.9 8,716 20.3 646 1.5 42,838 Saint-Jean 8,462 22.6 16,459 43.9 2,165 5.8 9,304 24.8 1,084 2.9 37,474 Saint-Maurice 2,227 6.4 19,840 56.7 1,032 2.9 11,363 32.5 552 1.6 35,014 190 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-15 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Shefford 6,228 16.1 12,928 33.4 786 2.0 18,803 48.5 38,745 Sherbrooke 6,700 14.1 20,569 43.2 1,713 3.6 16,072 33.7 2,593 5.4 47,647 Temiscamingue 752 3.0 6,731 27.2 774 3.1 15,660 63.2 854 3.4 24,771 Terrebonne 10,885 20.5 24,928 47.1 4,022 7.6 13,136 24.8 52,971 Trois-Rivieres Metropolitain 5,662 12.6 19,892 44.4 2,022 4.5 17,250 38.5 44,826 Villeneuve 1,462 5.8 10,719 42.4 1,042 4.1 12,070 47.7 25,293 Totals 288,178 17.0 766,896 45.3 68,932 4.1 528,780 31.2 41,240 2.4 1,694,026 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Ahuntsic 6,429 16.0 21,741 54.2 6,706 16.7 4,467 11.1 734 1.8 40,077 Dollard 9,511 16.5 38,984 67.6 8,111 14.1 1,053 1.8 57,659 Duvernay 7,950 16.7 23,050 48.5 5,669 11.9 9,659 20.3 1,217 2.6 47,545 Gamelin 7,066 17.6 20,860 51.9 5,119 12.7 7,135 17.8 40,180 Hochelaga 6,199 25.7 11,235 46.6 4,515 18.7 2,171 9.0 24,120 Lachine 11,344 24.7 26,680 58.2 4,221 9.2 3,597 7.8 45,842 Lafontaine 6,134 21.7 13,508 47.7 3,350 11.8 5,078 17.9 228 0.8 28,298 Lasalle 7,652 15.3 30,816 61.6 5,195 10.4 6,339 12.7 50,002 Laurier 3,320 16.1 10,936 53.0 2,290 11.1 3,789 18.4 287 1.4 20,622 Laval 6,219 13.0 28,121 58.8 5,868 12.3 6,921 14.5 669 1.4 47,798 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 6,551 21.8 13,607 45.2 3,786 12.6 5,877 19.5 294 30,115 Mercier 9,010 18.9 22,207 46.6 4,921 10.3 11,468 24.1 47,606 Montreal-Bourassa 9,054 18.2 25,728 51.7 4,601 9.2 10,418 20.9 49,801 Mount Royal 4,446 9.7 36,875 80.6 3,274 7.2 625 1.4 513 1.1 45,733 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 6,991 19.7 24,126 68.0 3,957 11.2 391 1.1 35,465 Outremont 2,811 8.6 21,399 65.5 5,223 16.0 1,404 4.3 1,842 5.6 32,679 Papineau 4,205 14.6 15,347 53.4 3,118 10.9 5,802 20.2 254 0.9 28,726 Saint-Denis 3,695 14.0 16,991 64.2 3,968 15.0 1,811 6.8 26,465 Saint-Henri 2,802 14.7 7,191 37.6 1,161 6.1 2,082 10.9 5,869 30.7 19,105 Saint-Jacques 3,213 20.5 8,682 55.8 1,598 10.2 1,696 10.8 497 3.2 15,686 Sainte-Marie 7,826 34.8 7,945 35.3 1,482 6.6 3,662 16.3 1,570 7.0 22,485 Saint-Michel 7,158 14.6 23,850 48.8 4,551 9.3 8,591 17.6 4,758 9.7 48,908 Vaudreuil 11,477 22.8 27,372 54.4 3,573 7.1 4,526 9.0 3,396 6.7 50,344 Verdun 7,626 22.0 20,943 60.4 2,518 7.3 3,323 9.6 239 0.7 34,649 Westmount 10,551 26.3 24,049 60.0 5,171 12.9 293 0.7 40,064 Totals 169,240 18.2 522,243 56.2 99,978 10.8 110,427 11.9 28,086 3.0 929,974 Province Totals 457,418 17.4 1,289,139 49.1 168,910 6.4 639,207 24.4 69,326' 1.7 2,624,000' Rejected 165,136 Total Vote Cast 2,789,136' Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (74) Elected Ind. = 44,5791 34 1 None = 25,781 1 27 'Table 6 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows a total of 43,495 votes for Independents and 26,867 for None, vote differences of 1,084 and 1,086 votes respectively Evidently, one or more candidates listed in the riding analysis as Independent could be carried as "None," or vice-versa. The difference of 2 votes cannot be explained, but is reflected in a Total Vote Cast which is 2 less than that found in Table 6 of the Report. 191 : Quebec Table 8-16 Quebec—1974 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Abitibi 1,199 5.5 7,046 32.1 1,031 4.7 12,423 56.5 282 1.3 21,981 Argenteuil-Deux-Montagnes 10,418 27.8 20,414 54.5 2,286 6.1 4,333 11.6 37,451 Beauce 8,385 25.6 13,855 42.3 418 1.3 9,640 29.8 442 1.4 32,740 Beauharnois-Salaberry 9,801 30.2 16,828 51.9 1,445 4.5 3,430 10.6 911 2.8 32,415 Bellechase 3,210 11.8 10,759 39.7 604 2.2 12,550 46.3 27,123 Berthier 8,370 29.8 15,316 54.6 591 2.1 3,796 13.5 28,073 Bonaventure- iles-de-la-Madeleine 6,884 32.5 12,977 61.3 1,313 6.2 21,174 Brome-Missisquoi 19,490 51.6 13,506 35.8 1,172 3.1 3,597 9.5 37,765 Chambly 10,887 20.9 30,226 58.1 4,825 9.3 5,547 10.7 552 1.1 52,037 Champlain 2,452 8.3 11,896 40.3 716 2.4 14,466 49.0 29,530 Charlevoix 4,942 19.8 10,372 41.6 692 2.8 8,905 35.7 24,911 Chicoutimi 9,817 29.2 17,096 50.9 882 2.6 5,618 16.7 202 0.6 33,615 Compton 4,407 16.5 11,474 43.0 858 3.2 9,917 37.2 26,656 Drummond 5,186 14.0 15,561 42.1 630 1.7 15,548 42.1 36,925 Frontenac 2,667 9.2 14,236 49.2 2,032 7.0 10,000 34.6 28,935 Gaspe 8,445 40.9 12,213 59.1 20,658 Gatineau 3.944 12.2 19,513 60.1 1,781 5.5 7,205 22.2 32,443 Hull 4,006 10.6 26,872 71.2 3,093 8.2 3,292 8.7 472 1.3 37,735 Joliette 21,935 54.3 14,329 35.5 763 1.9 2,986 7.4 347 0.9 40,360 Kamouraska 1,933 8.4 9,484 41.1 11,664 50.5 23,081 Labelle 14,928 39.7 16,224 43.2 1,326 3.5 4,688 12.5 392 1.0 37,558 Lac-Saint-Jean 6,129 26.3 11,162 47.9 625 2.7 5,372 23.1 23,288 Langelier 2,530 11.9 13,557 63.6 1,110 5.2 3,344 15.7 779 3.7 21,320 Lapointe 1,982 7.4 16,673 61.9 1,587 5.9 6,466 24.0 227 0.8 26,935 Laprairie 12,767 22.4 35,276 61.8 5,153 9.0 3,855 6.8 57,051 Levis 11,485 31.5 20,348 55.7 4,279 11.7 404 1.1 36,516 Longueuil 7,267 15.5 24,500 52.2 6,042 12.9 7,490 16.0 1,630 3.5 46,929 Lotbiniere 2,833 7.9 10,885 30.5 504 1.4 21,448 60.1 35,670 Louis-Hebert 5,201 10.9 32,441 68.0 6,829 14.3 2,799 5.9 419 0.9 47,689 Manicouagan 4,024 16.7 16,220 67.2 3,247 13.4 659 2.7 24,150 Matane 2,598 15.7 11,194 67.8 567 3.4 2,141 13.0 16,500 Montmorency 11,867 22.8 27,082 52.0 3,570 6.9 8,905 17.1 622 1.2 52,046 Pontiac 5,277 23.2 12,642 55.7 1,394 6.1 3,394 14.9 22,707 Portneuf 4,427 8.4 25,620 48.8 2,980 5.7 19,456 37.1 • 52,483 Quebec-Est 5,060 15.7 19,014 59.0 2,522 7.8 5,442 16.9 210 0.7 32,248 Richelieu 12,052 34.2 20,801 59.0 1,679 4.8 737 2.1 35,269 Richmond 5,094 18.6 9,526 34.8 917 3.4 11,825 43.2 27,362 Rimouski 893 2.9 13,698 44.6 528 1.7 15,085 49.1 499 1.6 30,703 Riviere-du-Loup- Temiscouata 9,128 36.4 11,071 44.2 708 2.8 3,261 13.0 885 3.5 25,053 Roberval 1,096 4.8 8,636 37.8 240 1.1 12,877 56.4 22,849 Saint-Hyacinthe 21,453 51.0 15,965 37.9 861 2.0 2,940 7.0 883 2.1 42,102 Saint-Jean 9,689 27.4 18,798 53.2 2,234 6.3 3,014 8.5 1,600 4.5 35,335 Saint-Maurice 3,501 11.2 20,465 65.3 1,442 4.6 5,471 17.4 482 1.5 31,361 192 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-16 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Shefford 6,193 16.6 14,663 39.3 903 2.4 15,512 41.6 Sherbrooke 4,716 11.1 23,903 56.4 2,238 5.3 10,864 25.6 673 1.6 Temiscamingue 641 2.9 6,396 29.1 884 4.0 14,026 63.9 Terrebonne 9,897 19.4 28,652 56.1 3,812 7.5 8,138 15.9 537 1.1 Trois-Rivieres Metropolitain 5,949 15.0 24,335 61.2 1,738 4.4 7,538 18.9 221 0.6 Villeneuve 3,006 12.8 8,905 37.8 1,205 5.1 10,452 44.3 Totals 340,061 20.9 822,625 50.6 86,256 5.3 360,720 22.2 15,067 0.9 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Ahuntsic 5,304 14.9 24,041 67.5 3,448 9.7 2,449 6.9 384 1.1 Dollard 9,979 18.2 37,088 67.5 5,746 10.5 1,890 3.4 252 0.5 Duvernay 9,165 21.3 25,674 59.6 3,275 7.6 4,996 11.6 Gamelin 6,557 19.0 20,698 60.0 3,234 9.4 3,684 10.7 344 1.0 Hochelaga 6,435 30.4 10,561 49.9 1,461 6.9 2,258 10.7 466 2.2 Lachine-Bord-du-Lac 13,550 32.7 22,068 53.3 3,571 8.6 1,710 4.1 511 1.2 Lafontaine 7,887 33.3 11,399 48.2 2,104 8.9 2,045 8.6 238 1.0 Lasalle-Emard- Cote Saint-Paul 8,612 19.3 28,134 63.2 4,560 10.2 2,955 6.6 283 0.6 Laurier 3,310 19.3 10,085 58.8 1,646 9.6 1,582 9.2 528 3.1 Laval 7,224 15.9 29,715 65.3 4,258 9.4 3,922 8.6 382 0.8 Maisonneuve-Rosemont 6,053 24.0 13,817 54.8 2,186 8.7 2,783 11.0 356 1.4 Mercier 7,026 17.4 22,545 55.7 4,137 10.2 6,255 15.5 478 1.2 Montreal-Bourassa 7,500 16.9 26,550 60.0 3,912 8.8 5,218 11.8 1,080 2.4 Mount Royal 5,723 13.3 32,166 75.0 4,214 9.8 414 1.0 373 0.9 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 8,300 25.5 20,151 62.0 3,673 11.3 391 1.2 Outremont 3,007 10.7 20,400 72.3 3,453 12.2 663 2.3 691 2.4 Papineau 3,740 15.9 14,532 61.9 1,992 8.5 2,899 12.3 319 1.4 Saint-Denis 4,897 20.3 15,310 63.3 1,963 8.1 1,630 6.7 370 1.5 Saint-Henri 6,147 36.3 8,813 52.0 922 5.4 633 3.7 425 2.5 Saint-Jacques 3,518 25.6 7,709 56.0 1,313 9.5 797 5.8 427 3.1 Sainte-Marie 7,902 41.9 8,300 44.0 1,154 6.1 1,229 6.5 296 1.6 Saint-Michel 6,816 15.0 29,822 65.4 3,833 8.4 4,348 9.5 753 1.7 Vaudreuil 12,422 24.8 29,685 59.3 4,397 8.8 2,752 5.5 805 1.6 Verdun 7,922 26.6 17,633 59.3 2,232 7.5 1,774 6.0 199 0.7 Westmount 11,575 32.0 20,816 57.6 3,140 8.7 412 1.1 190 0.5 Totals 180,571 21.7 507,712 60.9 75,824 9.1 59,298 7.1 10,541 1.3 Province Totals 520,632 21.2 1,330,337 54.1 162,080 6.6 420,018 17.1 25,608 1.0 Rejected Total Vote Cast )te Cast for "Other ": Ridings (74) M.-L. = 9,885 38 Ind. = 6,712 14 None = 6,414 12 Comm. = 2,597 14 Total 37,271 42,394 21,947 51,036 39,781 23,568 1,624,729 35,626 54,955 43,110 34,517 21,181 41,410 23,673 44,544 17,151 45,501 25,195 40,441 44,260 42,890 32,515 28,214 23,482 24,170 16,940 13,764 18,881 45,572 50,061 29,760 36,133 833,946 2,458,675 134,126 2,592,801 193 : Quebec Table 8-17 Quebec—1979 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % 1 slumber % Number % Abitibi 5,652 12.0 15,697 33.3 1,420 3.0 21,387 45.4 2,988 6.3 47,144 Argenteuil 5,889 17.2 22,043 64.3 1,579 4.6 3,780 11.0 1,009 2.9 34,300 Beauce 2,704 6.2 15,193 35.0 215 0.5 24,770 57.1 472 1.1 43,354 Beauharnois-Salaberry 7,460 18.3 26,048 63.9 1,866 4.6 4,190 10.3 1,207 3.0 40,771 Bellechase 2,924 7.3 17,584 43.7 354 0.9 18,702 46.4 718 1.8 40,282 Berthier-Maskinonge 11,995 31.7 21,725 57.4 841 2.2 2,851 7.5 414 1.1 37,826 Blainville-Deux-Montagnes 5,042 9.8 34,885 68.1 3,472 6.8 5,972 11.7 1,852 3.6 51,223 Bonaventure- lles-de-la-Madeleine 11,641 40.2 15,777 54.5 1,514 5.2 28,932 Chambly 7,221 14.0 32,952 63.8 3,324 6.4 6,436 12.5 1,755 3.4 51,688 Champlain 4,200 10.1 22,256 53.3 1,328 3.2 2,796 6.7 11,194 ; 26.8 41,774 Charlesbourg 5,860 9.5 40,796 66.0 3,784 6.1 10,461 16.9 948 1.5 61,849 Charlevoix 4,503 14.3 18,031 57.4 613 2.0 8,004 25.5 251 0.8 31,402 Chateauguay 5,909 14.6 27,485 67.8 2,404 5.9 3,668 9.0 1,096 2.7 40,562 Chicoutimi 7,897 23.5 16,605 49.5 1,435 4.3 6,763 20.1 872 2.6 33,572 Drummond 5,746 14.3 22,989 57.2 639 1.6 10,010 24.9 814 2.0 40,198 Frontenac 7,140 19.3 17,024 46.1 492 1.3 11,582 31.4 665 1.8 36,903 Gaspe 11,797 41.3 14,830 51.9 783 2.7 934 3.3 203 0.7 28,547 Gatineau 3,174 6.7 34,234 71.9 3,292 6.9 6,206 13.0 716 1.5 47,622 Hull 2,320 5.4 30,413 70.2 7,175 16.6 2,357 5.4 1,073 2.5 43,338 Joliette 23,960 50.7 18,466 39.1 1,324 2.8 2,446 5.2 1,042 2.2 47,238 Jonquiere 1,597 4.6 21,969 62.7 2,724 7.8 7,596 21.7 1,144 3.3 35,030 Kamouraska- Riviere-du-Loup 5,662 16.2 15,328 43.9 357 1.0 12,529 35.9 1,021 2.9 34,897 Labelle 6,073 13.5 29,614 65.7 2,134 4.7 6,580 14.6 665 1.5 45,066 Lac-Saint-Jean 3,251 9.0 18,978 52.6 1,589 4.4 11,048 30.6 1,223 3.4 36,089 Langelier 2,186 5.6 25,931 66.6 3,773 9.7 4,748 12.2 2,315 5.9 38,953 Laprairie 6,576 11.6 39,410 69.4 4,188 7.4 4,461 7.9 2,157 3.8 56,792 Levis 6,726 12.4 31,753 58.3 3,392 6.2 11,403 20.9 1,182 2.2 54,456 Longueuil 5,952 10.7 34,207 61.3 3,995 7.2 8,173 14.6 3,496 6.3 55,823 Lotbiniere 3,639 8.7 16,958 40.3 1,159 2.8 20,083 47.8 202 0.5 42,041 Louis-Hebert 3,322 5.8 37,908 66.0 5,812 10.1 9,297 16.2 1,097 1.9 57,436 Manicouagan 4,948 15.8 18,528 59.0 2,105 6.7 5,378 17.1 453 1.4 31,412 Matapedia-Matane 2,993 11.0 19,728 72.4 548 2.0 3,602 13.2 374 1.4 27,245 Megantic-Compton- • Stanstead 7,463 19.9 19,309 51.6 1,316 3.5 9,047 24.2 281 0.8 37,416 Missisquoi 18,198 48.0 16,383 43.2 991 2.6 2,097 5.5 212 0.6 37,881 Montmorency 4,506 10.7 26,870 63.6 1,859 4.4 8,467 20.0 552 1.3 42,254 Pontiac-Gatineau-Labelle 5,851 18.4 20,253 63.8 1,682 5.3 3,084 9.7 892 2.8 31,762 Portneuf 3,620 9.1 25,297 63.6 1,346 3.4 8,330 20.9 1,169 2.9 39,762 Quebec-Est 3,128 7.3 28,365 65.8 2,147 5.0 7,778 18.0 1,680 3.9 43,098 Richelieu 11,258 24.9 25,264 55.9 1,500 3.3 5,798 12.8 1,404 3.1 45,224 Richmond 2,472 7.4 15,135 45.3 551 1.6 14,662 43.9 576 1.7 33,396 Rimouski 2,556 6.9 16,716 45.0 492 1.3 16,821 45.3 535 1.4 37,120 Roberval 3,705 10.9 13,677 40.3 385 1.1 15,582 45.9 589 1.7 33,938 Saint-Hyacinthe 12,327 28.1 23,666 54.0 802 1.8 6,087 13.9 953 2.2 43,835 Saint-Jean 4,050 9.2 28,496 64.5 2,204 5.0 8,275 18.7 1,155 2.6 44,180 Saint-Maurice 2,795 7.3 27,243 71.1 952 2.5 6,837 17.8 511 1.3 38,338 194 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-17 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Shefford 11,567 23.5 25,287 51.5 1,008 2.1 3,922 8.0 7,345 15.0 49,129 Sherbrooke 3,809 9.1 25,110 60.1 1,180 2.8 10,573 25.3 1,075 2.6 41,747 Temiscamingue 4,659 11.9 16,147 41.3 1,473 3.8 15,295 39.1 1,502 3.8 39,076 Terrebonne 5,845 10.5 34,839 62.3 3,114 5.6 10,239 18.3 1,890 3.4 55,927 Trois-Rivieres 4,099 10.7 23,311 61.0 1,682 4.4 7,950 20.8 1,189 3.1 38,231 Vercheres 8,156 14.0 36,542 62.8 3,652 6.3 7,460 12.8 2,361 4.1 58,171 Totals 316,023 14.8 1,223,255 57.3 97,966 4.6 426,517 20.0 59,971 3.3 2,134,250 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Bourassa 3,705 7.7 29,929 62.5 1,804 3.8 5,178 10.8 7,250 15.1 47,866 Dollard 6,208 11.0 43,294 76.7 3,949 7.0 1,801 3.2 1,212 2.1 56,464 Duvernay 4,152 8.0 35,270 68.1 2,839 5.5 7,446 14.4 2,059 4.0 51,766 Gamelin 4,711 10.5 30,567 67.9 2,753 6.1 5,247 11.7 1,720 3.8 44,998 Hochelaga-Maisonneuve 3,605 10.6 21,059 61.9 1,746 5.1 3,769 11.1 3,844 11.3 34,023 Lachine 13,428 28.5 29,846 63.3 2,450 5.2 801 1.7 626 1.3 47,151 Lasalle 4,669 9.6 36,560 75.1 3,249 6.7 2,668 5.5 1,548 3.2 48,694 Laurier 2,790 9.8 17,366 60.7 1,934 6.8 3,250 11.4 3,269 11.4 28,609 Laval 5,484 9.9 40,067 72.6 3,521 6.4 4,592 8.3 1,543 2.8 55,207 Laval-des-Rapides 5,033 9.9 36,387 71.9 3,702 7.3 4,779 9.4 726 1.4 50,627 Mercier 5,076 11.2 26,784 58.9 1,816 4.0 10,328 22.7 1,448 3.2 45,452 Mount Royal 3,660 7.2 43,202 85.2 2,023 4.0 1,049 2.1 789 1.6 50,723 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 6,632 14.5 33,011 72.4 3,683 8.1 1,316 2.9 943 2.1 45,585 Outremont 2,134 5.4 28,710 72.2 4,112 10.3 1,765 4.4 3,070 7.7 39,791 Papineau 2,652 7.7 23,619 68.5 1,913 5.5 4,039 11.7 2,268 6.6 34,491 Rosemont 3,129 7.9 28,116 71.0 2,238 5.7 3,919 9.9 2,195 5.5 39,597 Saint-Denis 3,380 8.2 30,552 74.1 2,412 5.9 3,177 7.7 1,707 4.1 41,228 Saint-Henri-Westmount 6,374 14.5 31,486 71.6 3,297 7.5 1,376 3.1 1,462 3.3 43,995 Saint-Jacques 3,704 12.5 20,520 69.2 1,978 6.7 1,715 5.8 1,748 5.9 29,665 Saint-Leonard-Anjou 3,556 6.0 45,582 77.2 3,105 5.3 5,102 8.6 1,735 2.9 59,080 Sainte-Marie 6,797 20.6 19,612 59.4 1,575 4.8 2,936 8.9 2,090 6.3 33,010 Saint-Michel 2,602 6.4 29,046 71.2 2,616 6.4 4,299 10.5 2,209 5.4 40,772 Vaudreuil 7,787 13.1 41,508 70.0 4,512 7.6 3,625 6.1 1,851 3.1 59,283 Verdun 4,908 11.7 30,178 72.2 2,299 5.5 2,301 5.5 2,086 5.0 41,772 Totals 116,176 10.9 752,271 69.7 65,526 6.1 86,478 8.2 42,583 5.0 1,069,849 Province Totals Rejected Total Vote Cast 432,199 13.5 1,975,526 61.7 163,492 5.1 512,995 16.0 102,554 3.7 3,204,099 48,988 3.253,087' Vote Cast for "Other Ridings (75) Rhino = 61,890 58 UP = 19,514' 70 None = 17,333 4 Ind. = 9,289 9 M.-.L. = 7,419 51 Comm. = 2,458 17 Libert. = 1,984 7 ' Represents an increment of 70 votes for UP over that found in Table 5 of the Report ol the Chief Electoral Officer 195 : Quebec Table 8-18 Quebec—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Abitibi 1,982 4.6 22,050 51.1 2,553 5.9 14,881 34.5 1,724 4.0 43,190 Argenteuil 5,128 16.0 21,976 68.6 2,422 7.6 1,074 3.4 1,433 4.5 32,033 Beauce 819 1.9 21,647 50.9 404 0.9 18,734 44.0 938 2.2 42,542 Beauharnois-Salaberry 5,629 15.0 27,476 73.1 2,738 7.3 1,017 2.7 704 2.4 37,564 Bellechase 2,912 7.2 20,636 51.1 730 1.8 15,124 37.5 956 2.4 40,358 Berthier-Maskinonge 17,483 43.4 21,232 52.7 546 1.4 1,006 2.5 40,267 Blainville-Deux-Montagnes Bonaventure- 3,448 7.1 35,979 74.0 5,460 11.2 1,699 3.5 2,029 4.2 48,615 lles-de-la-Madeleine 5,063 18.3 19,193 69.4 1,568 5.7 528 1.9 1,308 4.7 27,660 Chambly 4,655 9.9 32,849 69.9 5,868 12.5 1,580 3.4 2,069 4.4 47,021 Champlain 4,359 11.0 25,758 64.9 9,164 23.1 416 1.0 39,697 Charlesbourg 4,128 6.9 42,569 71.1 7,388 12.3 2,275 3.8 3,546 5.9 59,906 Charlevoix 5,679 18.2 22,130 70.7 1,273 4.1 1,021 3.3 1,177 3.8 31,280 Chateauguay 3,311 9.0 27,152 74.2 4,203 11.5 1,182 3.2 769 2.1 36,617 Chicoutimi 5,607 18.2 20,821 67.5 2,926 9.5 1,110 3.6 375 1.2 30,839 Drummond 5,265 14.7 26,082 72.8 2,305 6.4 1,916 5.3 277 0.8 35,845 Frontenac 4,922 15.3 14,745 45.9 1,693 5.3 10,328 32.1 441 1.4 32,129 Gaspe 9,604 32.6 17,846 60.5 1,018 3.5 1,014 3.4 29,482 Gatineau 3,134 7.0 35,437 78.6 4,792 10.6 975 2.2 731 1.6 45,069 Hull 2,167 5.3 27,938 68.1 10,059 24.5 842 2.1 41,006 Joliette 22,280 47.0 21,891 46.1 2,330 4.9 756 1.6 184 0.4 47,441 Jonquiere Kamouraska- 1,126 3.8 22,202 75.0 4,444 15.0 1,315 4.4 507 1.7 29,594 Riviere-du-Loup 1,519 4.4 19,117 54.8 13,101 37.6 1,121 3.2 34,858 Labelle 9,829 22.2 29,488 66.5 2,858 6.4 2,137 4.8 44,312 Lac-Saint-Jean 4,608 13.7 21,267 63.3 3,465 10.3 2,821 8.4 1,411 4.2 33,572 Langelier 2,606 7.5 24,714 71.5 2,811 8.1 1,191 3.4 3,248 9.4 34,570 Laprairie 4,960 9.7 36,842 72.1 5,894 11.5 948 1.9 2,474 4.8 51,118 Levis 4,759 8.9 35,519 66.7 6,459 12.1 3,385 6.4 3,135 5.7 53,257 Longueuil 3,383 7.1 32,755 69.0 6,144 12.9 1,688 3.6 3,526 7.4 47,496 Lotbiniere 9,117 21.7 24,780 59.1 3,041 7.3 3,707 8.8 1,280 3.1 41,925 Louis-Hebert 5,490 10.4 34,231 64.8 7,392 14.0 1,247 2.4 4,503 8.5 52,863 Manicouagan 4,844 15.5 21,499 68.6 2,111 6.7 1,184 3.8 1,681 5.4 31,319 Matapedia-Matane 3,095 11.4 21,116 77.8 888 3.3 1,137 4.2 892 3.3 27,128 Megantic-Compton- • Stanstead 10,336 27.4 21,562 57.2 1,769 4.7 3,023 8.0 1,002 2.7 37,692 Missisquoi 15,413 40.9 20,022 53.1 1,508 4.0 776 2.1 37,719 Montmorency 4,359 10.8 28,403 70.1 3,049 7.5 1,744 4.3 2,955 7.3 40,510 Pontiac-Gatineau-Labelle 5,151 16.8 21,605 70.4 2,813 9.2 1,125 3.7 30,694 Portneuf 2,905 7.3 29,234 73.9 3,285 8.3 2,320 5.9 1,838 4.6 39,582 Quebec-Est 2,577 6.8 27,546 73.0 3,327 8.8 1,998 5.3 2,280 6.0 37,728 Richelieu 8,155 19.9 27,886 68.2 3,004 7.3 1,872 4.6 40,917 Richmond 8,365 25.2 21,104 63.7 1,477 4.5 1,322 4.0 876 2.6 33,144 Rimouski 3,999 10.4 21,482 56.0 1,155 3.0 10,839 28.3 701 2.3 38,342 Roberval 507 1.5 17,724 51.9 569 1.7 14,832 43.5 503 1.5 34,135 Saint-Hyacinthe 10,033 23.9 28,130 67.0 2,257 5.4 1,588 3.8 42,008 Saint-Jean 4,410 10.6 30,134 72.1 5,194 12.4 929 2.2 1,118 2.7 41,785 196 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-18 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Saint-Maurice 2,516 7.1 27,356 76.7 1,963 5.5 2,369 6.6 1,462 4.1 Shefford 9,837 20.8 32,449 68.5 3,701 7.8 1,403 3.0 Sherbrooke 3,514 9.3 27,224 71.8 3,777 10.0 1,577 4.2 1,830 4.8 Temiscamingue 1,886 5.2 22,031 61.0 1,586 4.4 8,653 24.0 1,948 5.4 Terrebonne 4,807 9.1 36,089 68.4 6,817 12.9 2,839 5.4 2,208 4.2 Trois-Rivieres 4,482 12.9 23,791 68.5 3,870 11.1 2,598 7.5 Vercheres 5,653 10.3 37,393 68.1 7,015 12.8 1,514 2.8 3,302 6.0 Totals 281,816 13.9 1,330,102 65.7 172,537 8.5 160,429 7.9 79,405 3.9 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Bourassa 3,182 7.9 30,924 76.5 5,144 12.7 1,180 2.9 Dollard 5,303 10.7 37,860 76.4 5,767 11.6 593 1.2 Duvernay 3,647 7.6 34,560 72.4 5,069 10.6 1,542 3.2 2,897 6.1 Gamelin 3,245 8.0 29,232 72.4 4,506 11.2 1,162 2.9 2,234 5.5 Hochelaga-Maisonneuve 1,977 6.9 21,138 73.4 2,732 9.5 873 3.1 2,094 7.3 Lachine 12,854 30.1 25,502 59.7 3,492 8.2 841 2.0 Lasalle 3,128 7.5 32,561 78.2 5,173 12.4 762 1.8 Laurier 1,572 6.5 16,201 66.7 2,216 9.1 534 2.2 3,780 15.6 Laval 3,715 7.3 38,580 75.3 5,709 11.1 1,110 2.2 2,092 4.1 Laval-des-Rapides 3,049 6.9 33,317 75.0 4,699 10.6 911 2.0 2,468 5.6 Mercier 3,161 8.1 27,428 70.5 4,258 11.0 1,891 4.9 2,142 5.5 Mount Royal 4,402 10.6 33,821 81.2 2,356 5.7 1,058 2.5 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 5,691 14.7 27,604 71.2 4,482 11.6 1,015 2.6 Outremont 2,355 7.3 23,004 71.5 3,996 12.4 2,824 8.8 Papineau 1,634 5.4 22,399 74.7 2,796 9.3 999 3.3 2,162 7.2 Rosemont 2,260 6.5 26,544 76.3 3,337 9.6 912 2.6 1,936 5.5 Saint-Denis 2,312 6.3 28,383 77.4 3,485 9.5 743 2.0 1,740 4.7 Saint-Henri-Westmount 6,669 18.1 24,907 67.5 3,766 10.2 1,563 4.2 Saint-Jacques 3,038 12.2 17,757 71.2 2,339 9.4 1,800 7.2 Saint-Leonard-Anjou 2,972 5.7 42,228 81.1 3,741 7.2 1,194 2.3 1,920 3.7 Sainte-Marie 3,576 12.8 19,160 68.5 2,443 8.7 605 2.2 2,189 7.8 Saint-Michel 2,059 5.7 27,210 75.5 3,422 9.5 1,079 3.0 2,280 6.3 Vaudreuil 6,277 11.6 39,159 72.6 7,309 13.5 1,226 2.3 Verdun 3,423 9.4 27,575 75.3 3,635 9.9 599 1.6 1,376 3.8 Totals 91,501 9.7 687,054 73.3 95,872 10.2 14,154 1.6 44,172 5.2 Province Totals 373,317 12.6 2,017,156 68.2 268,409 9.1 174,583 5.9 123,577 4.0 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other': Ridings (75) Rhino = 88,308 61 UP = 14,474 54 M.-L. = 7,265 62 None = 6,942 21 Ind. = 4,002 13 Libert. = 1,584 7 Comm. = 1,002 10 Total 35,666 47,390 37,922 36,104 52,760 34,741 54,877 2,024,289 40,430 49,523 47,715 40,379 28,814 42,689 41,624 24,303 51,206 44,444 38,880 41,637 38,792 32 179 29,990 34,989 36,663 36,905 24,934 52,055 27,973 36,050 53,971 36,608 932,753 2,957,042 37,160 2,994,202 197 : Quebec Table 8-19 Quebec—1984 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Abitibi 23,230 52.0 12,525 28.0 3,583 8.0 1,179 2.6 4,189 9.4 44,706 Argenteuil-Papineau 21,105 55.9 12,096 32.1 2,671 7.1 1,862 4.9 37,734 Beauce 25,028 53.1 20,323 43.1 1,217 2.6 569 1.2 47,137 Beauharnois-Salaberry 27,614 63.1 11,395 26.0 2,720 6.2 2,014 4.6 43,743 Bellechase 24,357 57.8 14,500 34.4 1,666 4.0 1,588 3.8 42,111 Berthier-Maskinonge- Laudiniere 31,189 69.6 11,736 26.2 1,200 2.7 676 1.5 44,801 Blainville-Deux-Montagnes 28,863 47.1 23,732 38.7 5,609 9.2 255 0.4 2,787 4.6 61,426 Bonaventure- lles-de-la-Madeleine 15,502 50.1 13,689 44.2 1,040 3.4 720 2.3 30,951 Brome-Missisquoi 21,678 53.1 15,693 38.4 2,271 5.6 1,209 3.0 40,851 Chambly 31,535 51.8 18,078 29.7 6,783 11.1 4,459 7.3 60,855 Champlain 27,467 60.0 14,459 31.6 3,124 6.8 723 1.6 45,773 Charlesbourg 37,592 52.4 22,637 31.6 7,301 10.2 469 0.7 3,729 5.2 71,728 Charlevoix 23,661 63.6 11,906 32.0 1,022 2.7 610 1.6 37,199 Chateauguay 21,318 46.6 17,313 37.8 5,083 11.1 2,038 4.5 45,752 Chicoutimi 22,304 60.8 10,736 29.3 2,211 6.0 1,427 3.9 36,678 Drummond 23,693 55.8 14,137 33.3 2,610 6.2 301 0.7 1,696 4.0 42,437 Frontenac 28,246 71.2 9,154 23.1 1,081 2.7 1,209 3.0 39,690 Gaspe 19,128 60.9 10,215 32.5 1,065 3.4 1,014 3.2 31,422 Gatineau 25,873 50.9 17,496 34.4 6,543 12.9 908 1.8 50,820 Hull-Aylmer 15,563 37.0 17,058 40.6 8,247 19.6 1,171 2.8 42,039 Joliette 38,839 73.9 9,006 17.1 2,186 4.2 200 0.4 2,316 4.4 52,547 Jonquiere 18,217 49.6 14,088 38.4 1,870 5.1 2,525 6.9 36,700 Kamouraska- Riviere-du-Loup 19,651 53.2 12,922 35.0 1,550 4.2 2,806 7.6 36,929 Labelle 28,286 55.6 14,465 28.4 4,670 9.2 274 0.5 3,197 6.3 50,892 Lac-Saint-Jean 25,270 61.8 12,683 31.0 2,132 5.2 813 2.0 40,898 Langelier 16,872 43.1 14,004 35.8 4,597 11.7 189 0.5 3,495 8.9 39,157 Laprairie 26,506 41.6 25,182 39.6 8,602 13.5 3,381 5.3 63,671 Levis 32,338 49.6 17,283 26.5 12,076 18.5 216 0.3 3,279 5.0 65,192 Longueuil 28,956 47.7 19,654 32.4 6,401 10.6 5,650 9.3 60,661 Lotbiniere 22,584 48.5 20,202 43.4 1,963 4.2 1,790 3.8 46,539 Louis-Hebert 29,420 46.0 22,592 35.3 7,548 11.8 184 0.3 4,262 6.7 64,006 Manicouagan 28,208 71.6 9,640 24.5 939 2.4 637 1.6' 39,424 Matapedia-Matane 15,994 52.7 9,929 32.7 909 3.0 3,523 11.6 30,355 Megantic-Compton- Stanstead 25,679 60.0 13,123 30.6 2,690 6.3 399 0.9 932 2.2 42,823 Montmorency-Orleans 22,753 47.0 19,226 39.7 3,931 8.1 288 0.6 2,185 4.5 48,383 Pontiac-Gatineau-Labelle 21,754 62.0 10,025 28.6 2,667 7.6 665 1.9 35,111 Portneuf 23,797 51.1 17,687 38.0 3,012 6.5 248 0.5 1,860 4.0 46,604 Quebec-Est 19,782 48.1 14,332 34.9 4,189 10.2 239 0.6 2,569 6.2 41,111 Richelieu 28,747 59.2 14,933 30.8 2,174 4.5 202 0.4 2,484 5.1 48,540 Richmond-Wolfe 13,835 39.4 18,069 51.4 1,638 4.7 273 0.8 1,339 3.8 35,154 Rimouski-Temiscouata 25,516 59.8 14,234 33.4 1,250 2.9 1,656 3.9 42,656 Roberval 22,981 61.8 12,917 34.8 837 2.3 422 1.1 37,157 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot 22,984 47.3 21,394 44.1 2,196 4.5 1,971 4.1 48,545 Saint-Jean 30,769 59.8 14,823 28.8 3,642 7.1 2,256 4.4 51,490 Saint-Maurice 14,468 35.4 24,050 58.9 1,433 3.5 892 2.2 40,843 198 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-19 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Shefford 23,028 42.9 25,483 47.5 3,569 6.7 1,552 2.9 53,632 Sherbrooke 22,232 51.5 14,607 33.8 4,230 9.8 197 0.5 1,905 4.4 43,171 Temiscamingue 20,347 50.2 13,756 34.0 2,189 5.4 626 1.5 3,583 8.8 40,501 Terrebonne 43,822 60.3 19,040 26.2 6,454 8.9 3,352 4.6 72,668 Trois-Rivieres 26,843 63.9 10,217 24.3 1,947 4.6 2,975 7.1 41,982 Vercheres 38,690 56.0 19,365 28.0 6,534 9.5 4,478 6.5 69,067 Totals 1,274,114 53.9 797,809 33.7 177,072 7.5 5,739 0.2 109,348 4.6 2,364,082 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Bourassa 18,703 40.6 20,221 43.9 3,741 8.1 236 0.5 3,116 6.8 46,017 Dollard 26,076 45.9 21,451 37.7 6,619 11.6 2,710 4.8 56,856 Duvernay 29,877 50.4 18,465 31.1 5,013 8.4 174 0.3 5,802 9.8 59,331 Gamelin 20,870 44.5 17,491 37.3 4,730 10.1 3,788 8.1 46,879 Hochelaga-Maisonneuve 13,244 41.2 12,201 38.0 3,596 11.2 3,098 9.6 32,139 Lachine 24,301 51.7 15,156 32.2 5,628 12.0 1,964 4.2 47,049 Lasalle 23,238 46.7 19,418 39.1 4,755 9.6 2,314 4.7 49,725 Laurier 7,720 28.7 9,302 34.6 4,595 17.1 194 0.7 5,087 18.9 26,898 Laval 30,696 47.6 23,002 35.7 8,158 12.7 2,630 4.1 64,486 Laval-des-Rapides 20,420 39.3 22,789 43.9 5,215 10.0 3,492 6.7 51,916 Montreal-Mercier 25,071 46.4 19,335 35.8 4,925 9.1 4,749 8.8 54,080 Montreal-Sainte-Marie 10,919 34.7 13,668 43.4 3,525 11.2 3,397 10.8 31,509 Mount Royal 18,707 39.1 22,716 47.5 4,735 9.9 1,696 3.5 47,854 Notre-Dame-de-Grace- Lachine-Est 15,845 38.4 17,910 43.4 5,772 14.0 1,711 4.1 41,238 Outremont 10,383 29.3 14,508 40.9 6,687 18.9 3,880 10.9 35,458 Papineau 12,053 36.9 12,754 39.0 4,295 13.1 147 0.4 3,458 10.6 32,707 Rosemont 15,782 42.2 14,477 38.7 4,054 10.8 143 0.4 2,921 7.8 37,377 Saint-Denis 12,122 31.3 18,750 48.4 4,581 11.8 3,257 8.4 38,710 Saint-Henri-Westmount 14,168 35.2 18,244 45.3 5,889 14.6 1,980 4.9 40,281 Saint-Jacques 10,291 37.5 10,875 39.6 4,057 14.8 2,210 8.1 27,433 Saint-Leonard-Anjou 23,275 39.3 24,520 41.4 7,506 12.7 3,931 6.6 59,232 Saint-Michel-Ahuntsic 15,444 38.0 17,269 42.5 4,875 12.0 3,064 7.5 40,652 Vaudreuil 37,499 54.5 20,362 29.6 7,993 11.6 2,971 4.3 68,825 Verdun-Saint-Paul 17,378 43.5 16,431 41.2 3,912 9.8 2,206 5.5 39,927 Totals 454,082 42.2 421,315 39.1 124,856 11.6 894 0.1 75,432 7.0 1,076,579 Province Totals 1,728,196 50.2 1,219,124 35.4 301,928 8.8 6,633 0.2 184.780 2 5.4 3,440,661 Rejected 45,455 Total Vote Cast 3,485,376' Dte Cast for "Other": Ridings (75) Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (75) PNQ = 86,305 75 G.P. 2,815 3 Rhino = 82,807 53 Libert. - 1,709 6 Commlth. = 5,162 46 Comm. = 1,632 11 Ind. = 3,1892 9 None = 8602 6 'Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows an aggregate total vote for other parties and for total vote cast of 439 more votes, as revealed by the analysis by riding, drawn from section IV of the Report. 2 Table 5 of the Report shows 233 fewer votes for Independents, while the analysis by riding shows 233 more votes. These votes have likely been counted as "None" in Table 5, which shows 1,093 votes for this category 199 : Quebec Table 8-20 Quebec—1988 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Abitibi 22,254 57.6 6,251 16.2 10,161 26.3 38,666 Argenteuil-Papineau 23,076 56.4 11,088 27.1 5,772 14.1 959 2.3 40,895 Beauce 36,212 68.7 13,641 25.9 2,856 5.4 52,709 Beauharnois-Salaberry 29,149 58.4 13,351 26.7 5,937 11.9 1,500 3.0 49,937 Bellechasse 27,621 65.0 11,120 26.2 2,762 6.5 1,010 2.4 42,513 Berthier-Montcalm 29,370 56.3 13,524 25.9 5,883 11.3 3,376 6.5 52,153 Blainville-Deux-Montagnes Bonaventure- 40,810 62.0 13,787 21.0 9,243 14.1 1,932 2.9 65,772 lles-de-la-Madeleine 15,491 58.6 9,398 35.6 1,546 5.8 26,435 Brome-Missisquoi 22,540 54.0 13,733 32.9 5,489 13.1 41,762 Chambly 25,770 47.0 10,886 19.9 17,268 31.5 856 1.6 54,780 Champlain 29,788 64.7 7,471 16.2 8,792 19.1 46,051 Charlesbourg 35,549 60.1 15,727 26.6 7,914 13.4 59,190 Charlevoix 33,730 80.0 5,994 14.2 1,819 4.3 600 1.4 42,143 Chateauguay 22,439 44.8 16,422 32.8 8,282 16.5 2,974 5.9 50,117 Chicoutimi 30,699 70.4 8,047 18.4 4,870 11.2 43,616 Drummond 23,838 53.5 15,459 34.7 5,226 11.7 44,523 Frontenac 25,872 73.6 6,978 19.9 1,785 5.1 511 1.5 35,146 Gaspe 16,298 57.3 9,912 34.9 1,504 5.3 710 2.5 28,424 Gatineau-La Lievre 21,385 39.4 23,507 43.3 8,384 15.4 1,026 1.9 54,302 Hull-Aylmer 14,849 31.9 23,218 49.8 7,170 15.4 1,354 2.9 46,591 Joliette 27,908 55.1 12,573 24.8 7,232 14.3 2,948 5.8 50,661 Jonquiere Kamouraska- 21,523 63.6 5,264 15.6 7,029 20.8 33,816 Riviere-du-Loup 20,388 58.5 10,353 29.7 3,257 9.3 877 2.5 34,875 Lac-Saint-Jean 23,112 66.3 5,383 15.4 6,348 18.2 34,843 Langelier 24,555 46.6 14,843 28.2 10,586 20.1 2,654 5.0 52,638 La Prairie 30,834 53.0 19,497 33.5 6,228 10.7 1,564 2.7 58,123 Laurentides 31,000 55.2 15,752 28.0 7,755 13.8 1,657 3.0 56,164 Levis 33,673 57.4 13,002 22.2 11,501 19.6 445 0.8 58,621 Longueuil 29,054 53.3 12,328 22.6 10,681 19.6 2,476 4.5 54,539 Lotbiniere 26,585 52.7 15,067 29.9 8,782 17.4 50,434 Louis-Hebert 37,329 59.8 15,469 24.8 8,139 13.0 1,515 2.4 62,452 Manicouagan 17,126 61.7 6,355 22.9 4,008 14.4 281 1.0 27,770 Matapedia-Matane Megantic-Compton- 15,962 50.2 11,584 36.4 4,253 13.4 * 31,799 Stanstead 23,246 60.3 11,566 30.0 3,195 8.3 550 1.4 38,557 Montmorency-Orleans 29,604 60.6 11,199 22.9 7,409 15.2 656 1.3 48,868 Pontiac-Gatineau-Labelle 20,522 53.6 11,589 30.2 6,207 16.2 38,318 Portneuf 21,810 56.9 10,326 26.9 4,701 12.3 1,491 3.9 38,328 Quebec-Est 29,493 55.7 13,732 25.9 7,555 14.3 2,151 4.1 52,931 Richelieu 32,104 68.9 8,979 19.3 3,154 6.8 2,353 5.1 46,590 Richmond-Wolfe 19,451 47.5 16,813 41.0 3,918 9.6 790 1.9 40,972 Rimouski-Temiscouata 23.789 62.6 10,561 27.8 2,417 6.4 1,210 3.2 37,977 Roberval 26,717 76.4 4,219 12.1 3,318 9.5 723 2.1 34,977 Saint-Hubert 25,573 48.9 15,209 29.1 9,435 18.0 2,072 4.0 52,289 Saint-Hyacinthe-Bagot 25,267 52.6 16,284 33.9 6,442 13.4 47,993 Saint-Jean 27,685 56.3 14,643 29.8 5,786 11.8 1,084 2.2 49,198 200 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 8-20 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Saint-Maurice 18,741 45.3 10,168 24.6 12,463 30.> Shefford 21,445 43.2 23,943 48.2 4,242 8.5 Sherbrooke 34,538 63.3 12,314 22.6 6,373 11.7 1,331 2.4 Temiscamingue 19,106 46.3 5,843 14.2 15,623 37.8 712 1.7 Terrebone 35,345 52.8 12,422 18.5 7,194 10.7 12,037 18.0 Trois-Rivieres 29,370 68.9 6,727 15.8 5,470 12.8 1,075 2.5 Vercheres 32,316 66.0 8,486 17.3 6,771 13.8 1,358 2.8 Totals 1,361,911 56.9 632,007 26.4 340,135 14.2 995 0.0 59,823 2.5 lie de Montreal et lie Jesus Ahuntsic 21,705 42.4 21,035 41.1 5,632 11.0 2,789 5.5 Anjou-Riviere-des-Prairies 27,451 51.5 17,421 32.7 6,687 12.6 1,700 3.2 Bourassa 18,979 43.3 18,159 41.5 4,797 11.0 178 0.4 1,669 3.8 Duvernay 33,426 60.7 12,607 22.9 8,147 14.8 480 0.9 368 0.7 Hochelaga-Maisonneuve 16,246 39.1 14,198 34.2 8,583 20.6 2,543 6.1 Lachine-Lac-Saint-Louis 25,870 45.4 25,136 44.1 4,518 7.9 1,512 2.7 LaSalle-Emard 21,979 42.7 23,394 45.5 5,458 10.6 634 1.2 Laurier-Sainte-Marie 12,113 29.7 15,956 39.1 8,828 21.6 3,943 9.7 Laval 26,858 49.1 18,819 34.4 8,546 15.6 468 0.9 Laval-des-Rapides 27,955 53.7 14,926 28.7 7,397 14.2 1,737 3.3 Mercier 30,803 54.8 12,908 23.0 10,238 18.2 2,243 4.0 Mount Royal 14,601 32.0 27,353 59.9 2,455 5.4 1,290 2.8 Notre-Dame-de-Grace 11,703 27.9 22,928 54.6 5,154 12.3 2,229 5.3 Outremont 17,597 38.4 15,895 34.7 9,379 20.5 2,919 6.4 Papineau-Saint-Michel 13,094 33.2 18,122 46.0 5,948 15.1 2,236 5.7 Pierrefonds-Dollard 27,532 49.8 22,244 40.2 3,854 7.0 1,687 3.0 Rosemont 17,125 37.8 13,209 29.2 9,163 20.2 148 0.3 5,614 12.4 Saint-Denis 12,843 30.4 19,925 47.2 6,201 14.7 269 0.6 3,011 7.1 Saint-Henri-Westmount 15,673 39.3 16,602 41.6 5,218 13.1 2,394 6.0 Saint-Laurent 18,287 41.5 20,418 46.3 4,213 9.6 1,196 2.7 Saint-Leonard 17,055 37.2 23,014 50.3 4,663 10.2 1,064 2.3 Vaudreuil 30,392 55.7 16,393 30.0 6,185 11.3 1,626 3.0 Verdun-Saint-Paul 20,113 45.3 15,207 34.3 6,572 14.8 2,488 5.6 Totals 479,400 43.5 425,869 38.7 147,836 13.4 1,075 0.1 47,360 4.3 Province Totals 1,841,311 52.7 1,057,876 30.3 487,971 14.0 2,070 0.1 107,183 3.1 Rejected Total Vote Cast 3te Cast for "Other Ridings (75) Rhino = 41,195 39 GP = 31,975 29 None = 13,428 30 Ind. = 12,721 6 Com'lth. = 4,378 29 Comm. = 2,103 11 Libert. = 1,028 4 CHP = 355 1 Total 41,372 49,630 54,556 41,284 66,998 42,642 48,931 2,394,871 51,161 53.259 43,782 55,028 41,570 57,036 51.465 40,840 54,691 52,015 56,192 45,699 42,014 45,790 39,400 55,317 45.259 42,249 39,887 44,114 45,796 54,596 44,380 1,101,540 3,496,411 61.466 3,557,877 201 : Quebec Table 8-21 Quebec Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1985 Province Conservative/Union Nationale 1 Parti Liberal du Quebec CCF/NDP 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number °/i November 25, 1935 17 18.9 103,596 19.3 47 52.2 249,586 46.5 August 17, 1936 76 84.4 323,812 56.9 14 15.6 224,344 39.4 1,469 0 . October 25, 1939 14 16.3 217,413 38.6 69 80.2 301,631 53.5 2,513 0 . August 8, 1944 48 52.7 505,651 38.0 37 40.7 523,316 39.3 1 1.1 33,986 2. July 28, 1948 82 89.1 775,747 51.2 8 8.7 547,478 36.2 9,016 0 . June 16, 1952 68 73.9 855,327 50.9 23 25.0 768,539 45.8 16,039 1 . June 20, 1956 72 77.4 956,082 51.8 20 21.5 827,268 44.8 11,232 0 . June 22, 1960 42 44.2 977,318 46.6 52 54.7 1,077,135 51.4 November 14, 1962 31 32.6 900,817 42.2 63 66.3 1,205,253 56.4 June 5, 1966 56 51.9 948,928 40.8 50 46.3 1,099,435 47.3 April 29, 1970 17 15.7 564,544 19.7 72 66.7 1,304,341 45.4 4,374 0 . October 29, 1973 146,209 4.9 102 92.7 1,623,734 54.7 November 15, 1976 11 10.0 611,678 18.2 26 23.6 1,134,997 33.8 April 13, 1981 144,070 4.0 42 34.4 1,658,743 46.1 December 2, 1985 7,759 0.2 99 81.1 1,910,307 56.0 82,588 2. Totals and Means 534 35.5 32.2 724 48.1 42.7 1 0.1 0 ’Union Nationale, 1936-1960. 2 CCF through 1960 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 202 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Significant Minor Party Other 3 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes Action Liberale Nationale 25 27.8 156,078 29.1 1 1.1 27,101 5.1 90 536,361 19,670 3.5 90 569,265 25,523 4.5 3 3.5 16,217 2.9 86 563,297 Bloc Populaire Canadien 4 4.4 191,564 14.4 1 1.1 75,432 5.7 91 1,329,949 Union des Electors 140,036 9.2 2 2.2 41,700 2.8 92 1,513,977 1 1.1 39,358 2.3 92 1,679,263 1 1.1 51,147 2.8 93 1,845,729 1 1.1 42,144 2.0 95 2,096,597 1 1.1 30,896 1.4 95 2,136,966 Rassemblement Independance Nationale 129,045 5.6 2 1.9 147,481 6.3 108 2,324,889 Parti Quebecois 7 6.5 662,404 23.1 12 11.1 337,307 11.7 108 2,872,970 6 5.5 897,809 30.2 2 1.8 303,226 10.2 110 2,970,978 71 64.5 1,390,363 41.4 2 1.8 223,189 6.6 122 3,360,227 80 65.6 1,773,237 49.3 24,015 0.7 122 3,600,065 23 18.9 1,320,008 38.7 90,945 2.7 122 3,411,607 216 14.4 16.4 29 1.9 1.9 1,504 203 : Quebec 9 Ontario The largest of the provinces in population, On¬ tario plays a dominant role in federal elections. Typically, Ontario has roughly a third of all the seats in Commons, so that the outcomes of its contests in the Commons can be critical to con¬ trol of the government. 1 In these elections there tends to be a notable level of competition be¬ tween the two major parties, with a rather high degree of alternation of party control. Its provin¬ cial elections show more of a tendency toward Progressive Conservative control, with a strong showing by the ccf/ndp, especially in recent years. Yet, despite this, it has been described as “a pure three-party system.” 2 In terms of the criteria offered—parties which are electorally strong, any of which could con¬ ceivably win any given election—we might adopt this characterization for Ontario's voting in fed¬ eral elections as well. In fact, it might be even more appropriate at the federal level. As the data show, an absolute majority of the Ontario electorate has been received only twice in the 17 elections we consider. The first was in 1940, echoing (as well as contributing to) the Lib¬ erals winning the first national majority since 1911. The second was in the 1958 Diefenbaker landslide, when the Progressive Conservatives swept to what was (until 1984) the single great¬ est margin in Commons ever given any party. Clearly, this absence of majorities in Ontario's elections is a consequence of its continuing three-party nature. This does not mean that any of the three parties can expect to win a particu¬ lar election. Only the Tories (5 times) and the Liberals (10 times) have been able to win an ab¬ solute majority of the seats in federal elections. At that, it seems somewhat remarkable that ma¬ jorities could be achieved so often, especially since the ccf/ndp has been able to average 16.1 percent of the popular vote in this time. The effects of maldistribution of votes have limited this party’s effectiveness in terms of translating votes into seats. Thus, while it may enjoy scat¬ tered support, its greatest chances of winning appear to be “in urban and/or heavily union¬ ized constituencies” in Metropolitan Toronto and Northern Ontario. 3 In recent elections the ndp has enjoyed scattered success, winning 11 seats in 1972, then declining in 1974, declining again in 1979, and again in 1980. The results of the 1984 election placed it only one seat be¬ hind the Liberals in Ontario, supplying almost half of the national total of 13 for the ndp. The 1988 election saw something of a restoration of the normal level of competition among the three parties, as the ndp won 10 seats and the Tories and Liberals narrowly divided the remainder on a close popular vote. Parties besides the Progressive Conserva¬ tives, Liberals, and ndp have not fared at all well in Ontario. Social Credit hit its high-water mark in 1963 and fielded only one candidate in 1988. The last four of the five elected candi¬ dates representing “other” parties have been Independents. Yet even this must be qualified somewhat. In 1968 and 1972 Lucien Lamour- eux was elected as an Independent, but he was running outside his normal party affiliation. He had been elected in 1962, 1963, and 1965 as a Liberal, ran in 1968 with only token opposition from the ndp, and ran again in 1972 without op¬ position from the Liberals. Ontario also supplied the only Independent in Commons as a result of the 1984 election. Even though a majority of seats have been won by either the Tories or the Liberals in all but one of the elections, Ontario is a remarkably competitive province. More than 43 percent of 204 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 its elections have been decided by margins of less than 10 percent, while less than 20 percent have been decided by margins of 25 percent or more. In only two elections, the 1958 and 1984 Tory landslides, have an appreciable number been decided by these wide margins. Despite its apparent three-party nature, in its provincial elections the Tories were domi¬ nant for almost four decades, forming a ma¬ jority government following all but 5 of the 14 elections we examine. The first of these was the 1937 election, when the Liberals had their strongest electoral showing, winning 70 percent of the seats and coming the closest of any of the parties to gaining a majority of the popular vote in this period. The second was in 1943, when they first gained control of the government through a coalition, as they did again in 1975 and 1977. 4 Finally, following a period of minority government, 5 they won a plurality of the seats in 1985, but lost control for the first time to the Liberals who had formed an agreement with the ndp that the latter party would support the Liberals on no-confidence votes for a two-year period during which time the government promised not to call an election. This left the ndp free, as an opposi¬ tion party, to vote with the Conservatives on individual Liberal initiatives. 6 Williams had earlier suggested that the pro¬ vincial and federal electoral arenas in Ontario “are characterized by an entrenched, pragmatic (but not overwhelmingly popular) ‘government party' which persists through the inability of its opponents to combine effectively against it.” 7 The 1985 provincial election thus represents the first time since 1943 that we can find an ex¬ ception to this analysis. In the subsequent 1987 election the Liberals were able to continue and expand upon their previous success, winning 95 of the 130 seats with slightly less than half the popular vote. The ndp moved from member¬ ship in the ruling coalition to become the official Opposition, with 19 seats. The Tories, so long in power, were reduced to only 16 seats, on the basis of less than a quarter of the popular vote, (see tables 9-1 through 9-21) Notes 1. For an overview of Ontario's two electoral systems, see Robert J. Williams, "Ontario's Party Systems: Federal and Provincial," in Hugh G. Thorburn, ed., Party Politics in Canada, 5th ed. (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1985), pp. 303-18. 2. John Wilson and David Hoffman. "Ontario—A Three- Party System in Transition," in Martin Robin, ed.. Cana¬ dian Provincial Politics (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1972), p. 199. A more recent assessment which concurs with this conclusion is Norman Penner, Ontario: The Dominant Province,” in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics (2d ed.; Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), esp. pp. 210-19. 3. Robert J. Williams, “Ontario's Party Systems: Federal and Provincial,” in Thorburn, ed.. Party Politics in Canada, 5th ed., p. 308. 4. For reviews of this extraordinary period of Tory domi¬ nation, see Jonathan Manthorpe. The Power and the Tories: Ontario Politics 1943 to the Present (Toronto: Macmillan, 1974), and Fred Schindeler, Responsible Government in Ontario (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969). An entrenched minority party can find itself with little to do. See Lawrence LeDuc and Wal¬ ter L. White, "The Role of Opposition in a One-Party Dominant System: The Case of Ontario," Canadian Journal of Political Science 1 (March 1974), 86-100, and John Wilson and David Hoffman, “The Liberal Party in Contemporary Ontario Politics," CJPS 3 (June 1970), 177-204. 5. For a review of this period, see Vaughn Lyon, “Mi¬ nority Government in Ontario: 1975-1981," CJPS 17 (December 1984), 687-705. 6. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), p. 304. 7. Williams, op. cit., p. 311. 205 : Ontario Table 9-1 Ontario—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 25 30.5 562,513 35.3 56 68.3 680,417 42.7 127,927 8. 1940 25 30.5 687,816 42.7 57 69.5 818,154 50.8 61,166 3. 1945 48 58.5 756,762 41.7 34 41.5 745,571 41.1 260,502 14. 1949 25 30.1 757,210 37.4 56 67.5 924,231 45.7 1 1.2 306,551 15. 1953 33 38.8 772,691 40.3 51 60.0 898,476 46.9 1 1.2 212,224 11. 1957 61 71.8 1,104,024 48.8 21 24.7 839,894 37.1 3 3.5 274,069 12. 1958 67 78.8 1,413,730 56.4 15 17.6 815,524 32.6 3 3.5 262,120 10. 1962 35 41.2 1,056,095 39.3 44 51.8 1,122,222 41.8 6 7.1 456,459 17. 1963 27 31.8 979,359 35.3 52 61.2 1,286,791 46.3 6 7.1 442,340 15. 1965 25 29.4 933,753 34.0 51 60.0 1,196,308 43.6 9 10.6 594,112 21. 1968 17 19.3 942,979 32.0 64 72.7 1,372,903 46.6 6 6.8 607,011 20. 1972 40 45.5 1,399,148 39.1 36 40.9 1,366,922 38.2 11 12.5 768,076 21. 1974 25 28.4 1,252,082 35.1 55 62.5 1,609,786 45.1 8 9.1 680,113 19. 1979 57 60.0 1,732,717 41.8 32 33.7 1,509,926 36.4 6 6.3 873,182 21. 1980 38 40.0 1,420,436 35.5 52 54.7 1,675,519 41.9 5 5.3 874,229 21. 1984 67 70.5 2,113,187 47.6 14 14.7 1,323,835 29.8 13 13.7 921,504 20, 1988 46 46.5 1,788,118 38.2 43 43.4 1,819,087 38.9 10 10.1 940,121 20. Totals and Means 661 44.4 40.0 733 49.3 41.5 88 5.9 16. 'CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 9-2 Ontario—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total Year Total Seats Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Total Candi¬ dates Chang¬ ing Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L 1935 1 82 80 21 1 33 81 23 33 50 97 1 1 308 34 1940 82 82 18 7 7 82 49 8 7 24 1 13 1 202 15 1945 82 82 25 23 82 34 23 80 8 33 285 23 1949 2 83 83 26 22 83 32 21 1 76 1 5 19 1 266 23 1953 3 85 85 19 11 2 84 44 2 11 65 1 9 35 278 13 1957 85 85 32 29 85 21 31 60 3 1 40 6 276 32 1958 85 85 61 6 85 15 6 63 3 18 10 261 6 1962 85 85 34 33 85 15 30 81 3 3 70 7 328 33 1963 85 85 25 2 9 85 43 9 2 80 5 1 1 67 13 330 12 1965 85 85 22 2 5 85 47 5 5 84 5 4 1 19 17 290 11 1968 4 88 88 10 2 3 88 31 6 3 88 3 3 3 20 1 287 9 1972 88 88 17 23 88 36 28 88 6 5 25 13 1 302 28 1974 88 88 25 15 88 36 19 88 8 3 19 96 1 379 19 1979 5 95 95 16 25 95 28 23 95 6 1 5 116 406 25 1980 95 95 38 19 95 32 20 95 3 2 3 5 170 460 22 1984 95 95 37 30 1 95 14 38 95 5 8 6 131 1 422 39 1988® 99 99 30 17 98 11 23 99 5 2 5 1 207 1 496 25 Totals 1.487 1,481 456 161 166 1,484 511 176 178 1,311 53 29 18 301 1,003 2 3 4 5,576 339 'Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 79 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 2 81 seats; 3 77 seats; 4 53 seats; 5 81 seats; 6 71 seats. 206 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Jumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1 1.2 223,390 14.0 82 1,594,247 786 0.1 41,492 2.6 82 1,609,414 3,906 0.2 48,226 2.7 82 1,814,967 3,225 0.2 1 1.2 30,957 1.5 83 2,022,174 5,427 0.3 26,602 1.4 85 1,915,420 38,418 1.7 8,166 0.4 85 2,264,571 8,386 0.3 4,753 0.2 85 2,504,513 49,734 1.9 3,135 0.1 85 2,687,645 56,276 2.0 11,896 0.4 85 2,776,662 10,995 0.4 8,615 0.3 85 2,743,783 1 1.1 25,599 0.9 88 2,948,492 12,937 0.4 1 1.1 30,969 0.9 88 3,578,052 6,575 0.2 16,981 0.5 88 3,565,537 1,002 0 26,168 0.6 95 4,142,995 804 0 29,853 0.7 95 4,000,841 865 0 1 1.1 76,020 1.7 95 4,435,411 168 0 133,605 2.9 99 4,681,099 0.4 5 0.3 1.9 1,487 Table 9-3 Ontario—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 19 20 15 9 10 9 82 1940 16 18 21 8 9 10 82 1945 18 24 11 9 7 13 82 1949 24 18 20 3 6 12 83 1953 19 17 17 12 3 17 85 1957 8 18 10 10 15 24 85 1958 11 7 5 6 5 51 85 1962 25 16 17 10 5 12 85 1963 24 14 8 16 8 15 85 1965 20 15 13 11 12 14 85 1968 18 26 12 11 10 11 88 1972 27 15 13 16 9 8 88 1974 11 25 16 8 14 14 88 1979 24 15 20 11 6 19 95 1980 29 19 18 15 7 7 95 1984 14 14 13 6 9 39 95 1988 43 17 14 9 6 10 99 Totals 350 298 243 170 141 285 1,487 Means 23.5 20.0 16.3 11.4 9.5 19.2 207 : Ontario Table 9-4 Ontario—1935 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Algoma East 2,541 24.1 5,816 55.1 1,362 12.9 833 7.9 10,552 Algoma West 4,844 32.9 7,968 54.1 1,669 11.3 252 1.7 14,733 Brant 3,587 37.2 4,294 44.5 494 5.1 1,277 13.2 9,652 Brantford City 6,511 39.0 7,383 44.2 1,618 9.7 1,202 7.2 16,714 Bruce 5,149 34.4 6,831 45.7 2,973 19.9 14,953 Carleton 6,872 42.4 5,919 36.5 3,431 21.2 16,222 Cochrane 12,719 65.0 3,247 16.6 3,597 18.4 19,563 Dufferin-Simcoe 8,150 52.3 4,767 30.6 2,657 17.1 15,574 Durham 6,176 44.6 6,649 48.0 497 3.6 531 3.8 13,853 Elgin 9,508 42.1 11,295 50.0 1,793 7.9 22,596 Essex East 6,493 33.7 7,562 39.3 4,106 21.3 1,102 5.7 19,263 Essex South 4,889 37.5 5,592 42.9 2,563 19.6 13,044 Essex West 8,150 31.0 11.033 42.0 5,241 20.0 1,837 7.0 26,261 Fort William 4,565 33.1 5,481 39.7 1,635 11.9 2,108 15.3 13,789 Frontenac-Addington 6,831 47.4 7,250 50.3 345 2.4 14,426 Glengarry 3,202 36.4 4,548 51.7 1,052 12.0 8,802 Grenville-Dundas 8,936 52.2 6.581 38.4 1,615 9.4 17,132 Grey-Bruce 5,100 28.3 5,727 31.8 7,210 40.0 18,037 Grey North 6.740 37.8 8,060 45.2 1,221 6.9 1,792 10.1 17,813 Haldimand 5,750 50.7 5,031 44.4 554 4.9 11,335 Halton 5,146 39.0 6,177 46.8 1,876 14.2 13,199 Hamilton East 10,078 35.9 4,506 16.1 13,485 48.0 28,069 Hamilton West 7,857 33.6 8.251 35.3 2,203 9.4 5,065 21.7 23,376 Hastings-Peterborough 4,619 36.0 5,671 44.2 2,552 19.9 12,842 Hastings South 9,572 46.8 9,982 48.9 879 4.3 20,433 Huron North 5,925 42.3 6.508 46.5 1,572 11.2 14,005 Huron-Perth 3,001 27.8 6,260 58.0 1,530 14.2 10,791 Kenora-Rainy River 2,837 19.4 8,271 56.6 2,169 14.9 1,326 9.1 14,603 Kent 11,281 59.8 7,588 40.2 18,869 Kingston City 5,979 45.1 6,897 52.1 373 2.8 13,249 Lambton-Kent 5.064 334 6,744 44.5 3,349 22.1 15,157 Lambton West 4.636 30.8 8,335 55.3 2,094 13.9 15,065 Lanark 8.043 45.5 7.381 41.8 2,252 12.7 17,676 Leeds 9,487 49.6 8,737 45.7 892 4.7 19,116 Lincoln 11.398 43.7 11,135 42.7 1,224 4.7 2,349 9.0 26,106 London 10,911 36.2 8.628 28.7 3,041 10.1 7,524 25.0 30,104 Middlesex East 5,602 35.3 7,151 45.0 1,306 8.2 1,827 11.5 15,886 Middlesex West 3,382 29.0 6,369 54.6 1,920 16.5 11,671 Muskoka-Ontario 7,326 42.3 8.183 47.2 614 3.5 1,215 7.0 17,338 Nipissing 7,991 24.0 20,114 60.4 2,236 6.7 2,938 8.8 33,279 Norfolk 4,390 30.5 7,623 52.9 285 2.0 2,113 14.7 14,411 Northumberland 6,842 41.5 8.609 52.2 162 1.0 869 5.3 16,482 Ontario 7,300 35.1 10,228 49.2 1,847 8.9 1,412 6.8 20,787 Ottawa East 3,701 14.3 16,598 64.1 5,578 21.6 25,877 Ottawa West 15,219 34.4 21.503 48.6 7,484 16.9 44,206 Oxford 8,655 36.2 11.438 47.8 886 3.7 2,953 12.3 23,932 Parry Sound 3,965 34.7 6,230 54.5 1,245 10.9 11,440 Peel 7,132 44.7 6,962 43.6 1.036 6.5 842 5.3 15,972 208 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-4 (Continued) Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Perth 7,551 32.1 12,766 54.2 1,211 5.1 2,016 8.6 Peterborough West 6,342 33.5 8,027 42.4 1,489 7.9 3,071 16.2 Port Arthur 2,807 22.6 6,591 53.0 1,357 10.9 1,680 13.5 Prescott 1,614 14.3 6,034 53.5 3,620 32.1 Prince Edward-Lennox 7,411 49.4 6,771 45.1 829 5.5 Renfrew North 4,134 34.1 6,052 49.9 1,949 16.1 Renfrew South 3,440 28.9 6,054 50.9 2,395 20.1 Russell 1,368 11.8 5,041 43.5 5,182 44.7 Simcoe East 5,529 34.0 8,219 50.5 1,191 7.3 1,345 8.3 Simcoe North 5,290 36.6 7,244 50.1 608 4.2 1,324 9.2 Stormont 6,655 39.5 9,233 54.7 980 5.8 Timiskaming 5,456 34.7 5,905 37.6 4,185 26.6 168 1.1 Victoria 8,174 48.2 8,234 48.5 558 3.3 Waterloo North 4,084 20.2 12,832 63.4 3,313 16.4 Waterloo South 6,731 40.2 6,606 39.4 2,426 14.5 1,000 6.0 Welland 11,850 34.6 17,324 50.6 3,836 11.2 1,200 3.5 Wellington North 4,485 35.0 7,063 55.1 1,276 10.0 Wellington South 5,854 34.7 8,840 52.4 1,578 9.4 592 3.5 Wentworth 9,958 33.0 9,740 32.3 4,513 14.9 5,978 19.8 York East 11,634 34.8 8,922 26.7 7,864 23.5 5,029 15.0 York North 5,296 26.7 9,638 48.5 1,124 5.7 3,795 19.1 York South 11,596 37.4 7,059 22.8 8,247 26.6 4,113 13.3 York West 8,138 31.7 8,198 31.9 5,049 19.6 4,319 16.8 Totals 445,449 34.4 584,165 45.1 90,969 7.0 175,872 13.6 City of Toronto Broadview 11,380 40.8 7,527 27.0 5,167 18.5 3,793 13.6 Danforth 9,231 43.9 4,521 21.5 3,855 18.3 3,416 16.2 Davenport 10,919 39.6 7,675 27.8 4,766 17.3 4,216 15.3 Eglinton 13,786 43.5 9,574 30.2 2,474 7.8 5,868 18.5 Greenwood 11,183 40.4 6,969 25.2 4,813 17.4 4,720 17.0 High Park 10,949 40.1 8,357 30.6 3,574 13.1 4,396 16.1 Parkdale 9,619 39.7 7,761 32.1 3,249 13.4 3,572 14.8 Rosedale 9,491 40.3 8,306 35.2 2,765 11.7 3,010 12.8 St. Paul’s 10,852 40.9 10,322 38.9 2,628 9.9 2,713 10.2 Spadina 10,047 29.8 14,768 43.7 1,866 5.5 7,078 21.0 Trinity 9,607 36.1 10,472 39.3 1,801 6.8 4,736 17.8 Totals 117,064 39.3 96,252 32.3 36,958 12.4 47,518 16.0 Province Totals Rejected Total Vote Cast 562,513 35.3 680,417 42.7 127,927 8.0 223,390 14.0 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (82) Elected Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (82) Elected Reconstn. = 183,511' 78 UFO-Lab. 7,210 1 1 Ind. Lib. = 9,767 6 Anti-Comm. = 3,961 1 Comm. = 3,385 6 Ind. 2,708 1 Lab. = 7,288 1 'The detailed riding analysis for Reconstruction can be found in Scarrow (1962) Total 23,544 18,929 12,435 11,268 15,011 12,135 11,889 11,591 16,284 14,466 16,868 15,714 16,966 20,229 16,763 34,210 12,824 16,864 30,189 33,449 19,853 31,015 25,704 1,296,455 27,867 21,023 27,576 31,702 27,685 27,276 24,201 23,572 26,515 33,759 26,616 297,792 1,594,247 13,997 1,608,244 209 : Ontario Table 9-5 Ontario—1940 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding _ Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total 10,326 16,440 9,176 Algoma East Algoma West Brant Brantford City Bruce Carleton Cochrane Dufferin-Simcoe Durham Elgin Essex East Essex South Essex West Fort William Frontenac-Addington Glengarry Grenville-Dundas Grey-Bruce Grey North Haldimand Halton Hamilton East Hamilton West Hastings-Peterborough Hastings South Huron North Huron-Perth Kenora-Rainy River Kent Kingston City Lambton-Kent Lambton West Lanark Leeds Lincoln London Middlesex East Middlesex West Muskoka-Ontario Nipissing Norfolk Northumberland Ontario Ottawa East Ottawa West Oxford Parry Sound Peel Perth 3,126 30.3 5,565 53.9 5,612 34.1 8,632 52.5 4,519 49.2 4,657 50.8 6,312 40.4 8,013 51.2 5,275 41.6 7,420 58.4 7,736 53.9 6,617 46.1 5,652 21.4 16,785 63.7 6,527 60.7 4,226 39.3 5,435 44.6 6,743 55.4 8,905 42.9 11,867 57.1 8,060 38.1 9,811 46.4 5,457 41.7 7,624 58.3 12,940 44.5 14,133 48.6 6,768 39.7 8,504 49.9 6,154 50.5 6,028 49.5 2,813 38.1 4,578 61.9 7,225 56.2 5,642 43.8 4,944 30.7 6,389 39.7 5,771 36.7 7,538 47.9 5,515 53.9 4,712 46.1 6,184 44.3 7,788 55.7 11,716 39.5 14,053 47.4 11,032 44.1 13,965 55.9 5,471 51.2 5,207 48.8 9,001 48.2 6,330 33.9 5,937 50.2 5,897 49.8 3,472 38.2 5,622 61.8 5,286 27.7 10,595 55.6 11,629 51.5 10,945 48.5 7,475 43.8 9,609 56.2 6,089 40.8 8,834 59.2 7,864 47.6 8,671 52.4 7,180 44.9 8,821 55.1 8.227 44.4 10,322 55.6 13,331 46.5 12,921 45.0 12,534 39.0 15,824 49.3 6,256 38.4 8,444 51.9 3.886 39.2 6,024 60.8 7,016 46.4 8,098 53.6 11,229 29.4 26,916 70.6 5,894 39.0 9,230 61.0 7,241 46.9 8,194 53.1 7,914 39.4 12,176 60.6 6,149 21.2 12,373 42.6 19,780 41.9 27,460 58.1 8,325 43.1 10,975 56.9 4,159 38.5 5.850 54.2 8,486 52.6 7,638 47.4 8,451 39.5 12,926 60.5 1,635 15.8 2,196 13.4 1,315 8.4 2,879 13.6 2,035 7.0 1,778 10.4 3,190 10.8 3,173 16.7 2,443 8.5 3,762 11.7 1,577 9.7 786 7.3 15,640 12.695 14,353 3,922 14.9 26,359 10,753 12,178 20,772 398 1.9 21,148 13,081 29,108 17,050 12,182 7,391 12,867 4,761 29.6 16,094 2,434 15.5 15,743 10,227 13,972 695 2.3 29,654 24,997 10,678 3,348 17.9 18,679 11,834 9,094 19,054 22,574 17,084 14,923 16,535 16,001 18,549 28.695 32,120 16,277 9,910 15,114 38,145 15.124 15,435 20,090 10,526 36.2 29,048 47,240 19,300 10,795 16.124 21,377 210 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-5 (Continued) Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Peterborough West 9,683 50.5 9,505 49.5 19,188 Port Arthur 5,213 27.9 10,327 55.3 3,128 16.8 18,668 Prescott 1,819 17.7 6,431 62.6 2,028 19.7 10,278 Prince Edward-Lennox 6,574 52.7 5,906 47.3 12,480 Renfrew North 4,536 39.6 6,199 54.2 709 6.2 11,444 Renfrew South 5,236 45.7 6,228 54.3 11,464 Russell 2,961 32.9 6,045 67.1 9,006 Simcoe East 7,024 45.3 8,470 54.7 15,494 Simcoe North 6,030 45.9 7,096 54.1 13,126 Stormont 6,202 37.8 10,197 62.2 16,399 Timiskaming 4,906 22.1 10,455 47.2 2,481 11.2 4,314 19.5 22,156 Victoria 7,422 46.6 8,499 53.4 15,921 Waterloo North 6,694 29.8 14,172 63.1 1,597 7.1 22,463 Waterloo South 7,432 46.6 6,975 43.7 1,549 9.7 15,956 Welland 14,491 39.8 19,132 52.5 2,818 7.7 36,441 Wellington North 4,266 42.6 5,748 57.4 10,014 Wellington South 4,121 23.8 8,115 46.9 5,073 29.3 17,309 Wentworth 14,949 48.8 15,714 51.2 30,663 York East 16,741 49.1 12,429 36.4 4,931 14.5 34,101 York North 8,829 45.3 10,653 54.7 19,482 York South 15,346 45.7 12,864 38.3 5,372 16.0 33,582 York West 12,788 44.6 12,117 42.2 3,787 13.2 28,692 Totals 535,223 41.0 680,469 52.1 52,355 4.0 786 0.1 37,499 2.9 1,306,332 City of Toronto Broadview 14,474 58.0 7,866 31.5 2,613 10.5 24,953 Danforth 11,847 57.0 8,946 43.0 20,793 Davenport 14,890 57.2 11,140 42.8 26,030 Eglinton 16,926 49.6 17,166 50.4 34,092 Greenwood 14,710 57.6 7,397 29.0 3,430 13.4 25,537 High Park 12,266 47.0 12,061 46.2 1,777 6.8 26,104 Parkdale 13,605 52.1 12,487 47.9 26,092 Rosedale 12,519 52.4 10,399 43.5 991 4.1 23,909 St. Paul’s 15,591 51.3 14,816 48.7 30,407 Spadina 14,148 37.7 20,506 54.6 2,922 7.8 37,576 Trinity 11,617 42.1 14,901 54.0 1,071 3.9 27,589 Totals 152,593 50.3 137,685 45.4 8,811 2.9 3,993 1.3 303,082 Province Totals 687,816 42.7 818,154 50.8 61,166 3.8 786 0 41,492 2.6 1,609,414 Rejected 16,025 Total Vote Cast 1,625,439 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (82) Ind. Lib. = 16,012 4 Lab-Farm. = 8,126 2 Ind. = 6,144 2 UFO-Lab. = 4,761 1 Comm. = 3,617 2 Nat. LP = 2,434 1 Can. Lab. 398 1 211 : Ontario Table 9-6 Ontario—1945 Election Results by Riding Riding Algoma East Algoma West Brant Brantford City Bruce Carleton Cochrane Dufferin-Simcoe Durham Elgin Essex East Essex South Essex West Fort William Frontenac-Addington Glengarry Grenville-Dundas Grey-Bruce Grey North Haldimand Halton Hamilton East Hamilton West Hastings-Peterborough Hastings South Huron North Huron-Perth Kenora-Rainy River Kent Kingston City Lambton-Kent Lambton West Lanark Leeds Lincoln London Middlesex East Middlesex West Muskoka-Ontario Nipissing Norfolk Northumberland Ontario Ottawa East Ottawa West Oxford Parry Sound Peel Prog. Cons. Liberal Number % Number % 3,610 36.3 4,855 48.9 5,619 32.3 7,476 43.0 5,005 45.3 4,800 43.5 6,988 38.6 8,670 47.9 6,933 47.8 6,430 44.3 10,916 60.8 5,309 29.6 4,711 18.6 13,285 52.4 8,539 63.6 4,885 36.4 6,479 48.3 6,003 44.8 11,652 54.1 7,484 34.8 8,244 28.7 16,165 56.2 7,540 47.2 7,875 49.3 12,069 37.7 14,270 44.6 4,945 26.3 7,209 38.4 7,707 56.1 5,432 39.6 2,881 35.0 4,934 60.0 9,306 63.6 4,634 31.7 7,582 43.0 8,912 50.6 9,204 50.7 7,570 41.7 5,844 54.1 4,255 39.4 6,763 42.6 7,344 46.3 11,501 32.8 13,176 37.5 9,260 32.5 11,439 40.2 6,876 58.4 4,226 35.9 10,546 48.6 9,420 43.4 7,083 54.7 5,273 40.7 5,170 46.3 5,645 50.5 5,260 29.2 7,309 40.5 12,706 51.9 10,490 42.8 9,175 50.9 7,588 42.1 7,829 47.9 7,615 46.6 8,450 44.8 7,831 41.6 10,350 60.3 6,053 35.3 9,714 51.4 8,263 43.8 15,911 48.3 10,962 33.3 16,766 47.5 13,421 38.0 8,808 47.2 7,442 39.9 4,303 37.6 6,690 58.4 8,531 52.4 7,762 47.6 10,437 22.9 17,416 38.2 7,505 47.5 6.699 42.4 7,996 50.8 7,168 45.6 8,996 34.4 12,079 46.2 6,013 19.8 21,298 70.2 21,993 41.9 24,458 46.5 11,916 48.9 10,149 41.6 4,909 40.4 5,301 43.6 10,357 58.7 5,489 31.1 CCF Social Credit Number % Number % 1,468 14.8 4,281 24.6 1,235 11.2 2,437 13.5 1,137 7.8 1.730 9.6 7,355 29.0 926 6.9 2.397 11.1 4.349 15.1 574 3.6 5,689 17.8 5,858 31.2 592 4.3 411 5.0 685 4.7 1,127 6.4 1,145 6.3 250 695 6.4 1,770 11.1 8,705 24.8 6,728 23.6 673 5.7 1.731 8.0 586 4.5 353 3.2 4,762 26.4 1,291 5.3 1,271 7.0 911 5.6 2,560 13.6 753 4.4 907 4.8 4,540 13.8 4,901 13.9 2.398 12.9 458 4.0 11.349 24.9 1,379 3.1 1,599 10.1 570 3.6 4,389 16.8 2,188 7.2 374 1.; 4,824 9.2 495 0. ( 2,310 9.5 1,951 16.0 1,788 10.1 Other Number % Total 9,933 17,376 11,040 18,095 14,500 17,955 25,351 13,424 13,408 21,533 28,758 15,989 32,028 772 4.1 18,784 13,731 8,226 14,625 17,621 18,169 10,794 15,877 1,721 4.9 35,103 1,063 3.7 28,490 11,775 21,697 12,942 11,168 705 3.9 18,036 24,487 18,034 16,355 18,841 17,156 18,884 1,514 4.6 32,927 225 0.6 35,313 18,648 11,451 16,293 5,063 11.1 45,644 15,803 15,734 671 2.6 26,135 471 1.6 30,344 779 1.5 52,549 24,375 12,161 17,634 212 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-6 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Perth 10,961 46.6 10,785 45.9 1,772 7.5 23,518 Peterborough West 10,949 50.6 8,181 37.8 2,512 11.6 21,642 Port Arthur 3,516 17.5 10,045 50.1 5,504 27.4 1,004 5.0 20,069 Prescott 1,753 17.0 6,623 64.4 408 4.0 1,500 14.6 10,284 Prince Edward-Lennox 7,907 58.4 5,121 37.8 517 3.8 13,545 Renfrew North 5,882 41.2 6,828 47.9 1,555 10.9 14,265 Renfrew South 4,872 37.8 7,182 55.7 835 6.5 12,889 Russell 3,271 26.3 5,519 44.4 600 4.8 340 2.7 2,708 21.8 12,438 Simcoe East 6,978 39.7 8,508 48.4 2,109 12.0 17,595 Simcoe North 8,251 52.9 6,309 40.5 1,027 6.6 15,587 Stormont 6,016 32.2 11,702 62.5 991 5.3 18,709 Timiskaming 4,373 22.9 7,818 41.0 6,330 33.2 565 3.0 19,086 Victoria 8,207 50.7 7,388 45.6 601 3.7 16,196 Waterloo North 7,635 26.9 15,791 55.6 4,394 15.5 581 2.0 28,401 Waterloo South 9,201 46.4 5,824 29.4 4,795 24.2 19,820 Welland 14,637 32.7 19,522 43.6 7,383 16.5 3,258 7.3 44,800 Wellington North 5,779 48.2 5,764 48.0 457 3.8 12,000 Wellington South 7,665 40.8 8,484 45.2 2,355 12.5 268 1.4 18,772 Wentworth 15,458 37.7 13,652 33.3 11,914 29.0 41,024 York East 19,908 45.9 14,036 32.3 8,654 19.9 355 0.8 465 1.1 43,418 York North 10,295 40.5 11,428 45.0 3,670 14.5 25,393 York South 16,666 41.3 9,104 22.5 13,543 33.5 1,089 2.7 40,402 York West 14,703 41.2 12,947 36.2 7,183 20.1 886 2.5 35,719 Totals 615,781 41.3 637,020 42.7 209,466 14.1 3,193 0.2 25,308 1.7 1,490,768 City of Toronto Broadview 13,011 51.1 6,362 25.0 5,414 21.2 694 2.7 25,481 Danforth 11,401 51.2 6,415 28.8 4,467 20.0 22,283 Davenport 13,110 48.6 7,682 28.5 4,931 18.3 346 1.3 882 3.3 26,951 Eglinton 21,476 53.4 13,586 33.8 4,435 11.0 367 0.9 382 0.9 40,246 Greenwood 13,475 48.9 7,143 25.9 6,495 23.5 468 1.7 27,581 High Park 12,992 43.3 11,379 38.0 5,612 18.7 29,983 Parkdale 11,588 43.2 9,981 37.2 4,188 15.6 1,053 3.9 26,810 Rosedale 11,784 48.8 6,997 29.0 4,342 18.0 1,006 4.2 24,129 St. Paul’s 12,390 40.7 12,211 40.1 4,958 16.3 895 2.9 30,454 Spadina 10,846 26.0 17,978 43.2 2,769 6.6 10,050 24.1 41,643 Trinity 8,908 31.1 8,817 30.8 3,425 12.0 7,488 26.1 28,638 Totals 140,981 43.5 108,551 33.5 51,036 15.7 713 0.2 22,918 7.1 324,199 Province Totals 756,762 41.7 745,571 41.1 260,502 14.4 3,906 0.2 48,226 2.7 1,814,967 Rejected 16,389 Total Vote Cast 1,831,806 Vole Cast for "Other ": Ridings (82) Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (82) Lab. Prog. = 35,752 24 Lab. 581 1 BPC = 5,038 2 Ind. PC = 295 1 Farm-Lab. = 3,258 1 Ind. Lab = 241 1 Ind. = 3,061 3 213 : Ontario Table 9-7 Ontario—1949 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma East 2,908 25.7 6,184 54.8 2,202 19.5 11,294 Algoma West 5,056 25.4 10,127 50.9 4,716 23.7 19,899 Brantford 6,747 28.7 12,565 53.5 4,160 17.7 23,472 Brant-Wentworth 6,693 42.8 6,669 42.7 2,259 14.5 15,621 Bruce 6,685 44.6 7,517 50.1 795 5.3 14,997 Carleton 18,141 53.0 13,937 40.7 2,155 6.3 34,233 Cochrane 3,885 28.9 6,352 47.2 2,331 17.3 891 6.6 13,459 Dufferin-Simcoe 7,639 57.2 5,720 42.8 13,359 Durham 6,476 43.8 6,907 46.7 1,419 9.6 14,802 Elgin 10,265 48.6 9,085 43.0 1,783 8.4 21,133 Essex East 8,204 26.0 16,709 52.9 5,213 16.5 1,464 4.6 31,590 Essex South 9,110 46.6 10,427 53.4 19,537 Essex West 12,958 36.6 15,620 44.1 6,836 19.3 35,414 Fort William 5,751 27.5 9,569 45.8 4,830 23.1 746 3.6 20,896 Frontenac-Addington 7,724 51.6 6,490 43.3 767 5.1 14,981 Glengarry 3,559 41.1 4,809 55.5 300 3.5 8,668 Grenville-Dundas 8,450 60.2 5,102 36.3 496 3.5 14,048 Grey-Bruce 6,051 34.2 10,528 59.4 1,137 6.4 17,716 Grey North 7,589 40.2 9,949 52.7 1,354 7.2 18,892 Haldimand 5,432 47.1 5,124 44.4 978 8.5 11,534 Halton 8,099 41.6 9,546 49.0 1,829 9.4 19,474 Hamilton East 11,155 31.7 14,035 39.9 8,302 23.6 1,720 4.9 35,212 Hamilton West 9,252 32.7 12,324 43.5 6,748 23.8 28,324 Hastings-Peterborough 6,578 54.9 4,681 39.0 732 6.1 11,991 Hastings South 10,337 41.0 13,099 51.9 1,780 7.1 25,216 Huron North 6,986 50.1 6,465 46.4 497 3.6 13,948 Huron-Perth 6,705 47.0 7,000 49.1 558 3.9 14,263 Kenora-Rainy River 5,024 24.9 11,297 56.0 3,869 19.2 20,190 Kent 12,444 44.0 14,903 52.7 949 3.4 28,296 Kingston City 7,831 42.0 10,045 53.8 786 4.2 18,662 Lambton-Kent 8,189 45.8 9,674 54.2 17,863 Lambton West 9,730 47.0 8,962 43.3 2,014 9.7 20,706 Lanark 10,921 59.9 6,682 36.6 632 3.5 18,235 Leeds 9,302 46.3 10,080 50.2 699 3.5 20,081 Lincoln 14,038 37.0 17,407 45.8 5,793 15.3 742 2.0 37,980 London 14,988 41.7 16,427 45.7 4,532 12.6 35,947 Middlesex East 9,258 43.5 9,198 43.2 2,848 13.4 21,304 Middlesex West 5,239 39.8 7,938 60.2 13,177 Nipissing 4,836 22.4 11,061 51.2 3,663 17.0 1,552 7.2 489 2.3 21,601 Norfolk 7,067 40.3 9,280 52.9 1,180 6.7 17,527 Northumberland 8,522 47.6 9,374 52.4 17,896 Ontario 9,803 30.1 13,412 41.2 9,344 28.7 32,559 Ottawa East 5,499 18.4 20,895 70.0 1,363 4.6 208 0.7 1,885 6.3 29,850 Ottawa West 15,010 35.7 24,295 57.8 2,754 6.5 42,059 Oxford 11,791 45.2 12,581 48.3 1,688 6.5 26,060 Parry Sound-Muskoka 9,816 40.9 11,636 48.5 2,535 10.6 23,987 Peel 10,570 49.4 7,788 36.4 3,043 14.2 21,401 Perth 9,667 43.4 10,901 49.0 1,697 7.6 22,265 Peterborough West 10,981 44.8 10,738 43.8 2,804 11.4 24,523 214 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-7 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Port Arthur 5,068 20.5 12,646 51.1 6,401 25.9 627 2.5 24,742 Prescott 1,928 16.8 4,148 36.2 5,380 47.0 11,456 Prince Edward-Lennox 7,435 52.1 5,965 41.8 866 6.1 14,266 Renfrew North 6,598 40.0 8,358 50.7 1,530 9.3 16,486 Renfrew South 6,412 43.3 7,909 53.4 486 3.3 14,807 Russell 5,767 28.8 12,635 63.0 1,112 5.5 538 2.7 20,052 Simcoe East 7,976 38.9 10,030 48.9 2,095 10.2 404 2.0 20,505 Simcoe North 7,658 50.0 6,613 43.2 1,053 6.9 15,324 Stormont 6,670 32.0 12,639 60.6 1,283 6.2 252 1.2 20,844 Sudbury 8,009 22.5 15,636 44.0 5,717 16.1 6,161 17.3 35,523 Timiskaming 5,512 26.2 8,528 40.6 6,961 33.1 21,001 Timmins 4,377 23.5 7,949 42.6 5,517 29.6 813 4.4 18,656 Victoria 11,061 50.8 10,105 46.4 625 2.9 21,791 Waterloo North 7,229 22.5 17,715 55.2 7,141 22.3 32,085 Waterloo South 8,740 38.7 8,397 37.2 5,425 24.0 22,562 Welland 13,259 26.4 23,734 47.3 11,493 22.9 1,711 3.4 50,197 Wellington North 6,025 48.0 6,057 48.2 479 3.8 12,561 Wellington South 7,778 35.6 10,344 47.3 3,748 17.1 21,870 Wentworth 16,443 38.3 13,312 31.0 11,638 27.1 1,590 3.7 42,983 York East 22,364 39.1 21,398 37.4 13,448 23.5 57,210 York North 14,429 36.9 18,933 48.4 5,736 14.7 39,098 York South 14,273 34.4 11,932 28.8 15,293 36.9 41,498 York West 19,184 38.1 18,689 37.1 12,498 24.8 50,371 Totals 633,156 37.6 784,786 46.7 236,615 14.1 3,225 0.2 24,248 1.4 1,682,030 City of Toronto Broadview 10,507 37.9 9,316 33.6 7,636 27.5 271 1.0 27,730 Danforth 9,960 42.2 8,013 34.0 5,601 23.8 23,574 Davenport 10,476 35.8 11,431 39.0 7,366 25.2 29,273 Eglinton 19,853 48.9 16,426 40.5 4,305 10.6 40,584 Greenwood 10,454 35.4 10,291 34.9 8,777 29.7 29,522 High Park 11,726 38.3 12,216 39.9 6,671 21.8 30,613 Parkdale 10,137 34.7 12,876 44.0 6,242 21.3 29,255 Rosedale 10,189 37.5 10,835 39.8 6,170 22.7 27,194 St. Paul’s 12,922 38.5 14,000 41.7 6,677 19.9 33,599 Spadina 9,407 24.1 23,652 60.6 5,969 15.3 39,028 Trinity 8,423 28.3 10,389 34.9 4,522 15.2 6,438 21.6 29,772 Totals 124,054 36.5 139,445 41.0 69,936 20.6 6,709 2.0 340,144 Province Totals 757,210 37.4 924,231 45.7 306,551 15.2 3,225 0.2 30,957 1.5 2,022,174 Rejected 20,120 Total Vote Cast Votes Cast for "Other": Ridings (83) Elected Votes Cast (or" Other": Ridings (83) Elected Lab. Prog. = 13,613 7 Ind. 1,304 2 Ind. Lib. = 6,488 2 1 Ind. PC 777 1 Farm.-Lab. = 6,161 1 Labor 307 1 Un. Elec. = 2,036 4 Lab. Soc. 271 1 215 : Ontario Table 9-8 Ontario—1953 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal Riding Number % Number % Algoma East 3,877 34.1 7,494 65.9 Algoma West 5,571 27.2 10,461 51.1 Brantford 7,912 36.7 9,576 44.5 Brant-Haldimand 10,059 48.5 9,305 44.9 Bruce 7,132 51.2 6,808 48.8 Carleton 20,137 55.2 14,676 40.3 Cochrane 5,194 36.3 6,667 46.6 Dufferin-Simcoe 9,248 56.6 7,083 43.4 Durham 6,504 45.0 6,684 46.2 Elgin 12,482 53.7 10,743 46.3 Essex East 5,530 18.6 19,946 67.2 Essex South 7,420 41.1 10,620 58.9 Essex West 9,392 32.8 15,199 53.0 Fort William 5,030 25.4 10,402 52.6 Glengarry-Prescott 5,893 30.5 13,121 68.0 Grenville-Dundas 8,875 64.3 4,933 35.7 Grey-Bruce 6,279 40.5 9,236 59.5 Grey North 7,293 41.9 8,368 48.0 Halton 9,914 48.4 8,732 42.7 Hamilton East 7,710 30.0 11,622 45.2 Hamilton South 9,220 30.6 12,296 40.8 Hamilton West 13,016 47.5 10,044 36.6 Hastings-Frontenac 11,084 59.2 7,637 40.8 Hastings South 12,121 46.6 13,170 50.7 Huron 11,045 52.3 10,092 47.7 Kenora-Rainy River 5,822 29.1 11,380 57.0 Kent 10,496 40.3 15,532 59.7 Kingston 11,806 43.4 14,663 53.9 Lambton-Kent 7,248 43.5 9,432 56.5 Lambton West 11,666 52.9 9,306 42.2 Lanark 10,029 63.5 5,316 33.7 Leeds 10,097 50.9 9,736 49.1 Lincoln 14,694 39.8 16,113 43.7 London 15,254 48.4 12,869 40.8 Middlesex East 12,027 49.9 8,952 37.1 Middlesex West 5,760 38.8 8,645 58.3 Niagara Falls 6,264 27.9 13,400 59.7 Nickle Belt 3,144 20.9 8,821 58.6 Nipissing 5,329 27.2 12,415 63.4 Norfolk 6,747 42.1 8,475 52.8 Northumberland 7,623 43.2 9,595 54.3 Ontario 12,482 42.0 11,285 38.0 Ottawa East 5,511 20.7 19,863 74.7 Ottawa West 13,539 37.7 20,933 58.3 Oxford 12,693 50.1 12,654 49.9 Parry Sound-Muskoka 9,690 44.1 10,940 49.8 Peel 13,487 53.3 9,263 36.6 Perth 12,959 54.2 10,938 45.8 CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Total 11,371 4,428 21.6 20,460 3,839 17.8 216 1.0 21,543 1,358 6.6 20,722 13,940 1,075 2.9 562 1.5 36,450 2,448 17.1 14,309 16,331 1,273 8.8 14,461 23,225 3,013 10.1 1,212 4.1 29,701 18,040 3,198 11.2 868 3.0 28,657 3,847 19.4 508 2.6 19,787 280 1.5 19,294 13,808 15,515 1,417 8.1 342 2.0 17,420 1,819 8.9 20,465 5,648 22.0 721 2.8 25,701 7,478 24.8 582 1.9 573 1.9 30,149 4,358 15.9 27,418 18,721 702 2.7 25,993 21,137 2,411 12.1 369 1.8 19,982 26,028 731 2.7 27,200 16,680 1,089 4.9 22,061 451 2.9 15,796 19,833 4,575 12.4 1,505 4.1 36,887 2,748 8.7 662 2.1 31,533 3,137 13.0 . 24,116 432 2.9 14,837 2,605 11.6 167 0.7 22,436 2,410 16.0 687 4.6 15,062 1,637 8.4 216 1.1 19,597 621 3.9 193 1.2 16,036 442 2.5 17,660 5,524 18.6 393 1.3 29,684 1,209 4.5 26,583 1,209 3.4 219 0.6 35,900 25,347 1,352 6.2 21,982 2,560 10.1 25,310 23,897 216 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-8 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Peterborough 13,206 52.5 10,218 40.6 1,747 6.9 25,171 Port Arthur 5,415 22.1 12,272 50.1 5,865 24.0 923 3.8 24,475 Prince Edward-Lennox 6,726 53.7 5,801 46.3 12,527 Renfrew North 7,268 43.7 9,360 56.3 16,628 Renfrew South 6,395 41.5 8,627 56.0 382 2.5 15,404 Russell 6,470 26.8 15,969 66.2 1,157 4.8 519 2.2 24,115 Simcoe East 8,944 45.0 9,099 45.8 1,310 6.6 533 2.7 19,886 Simcoe North 8,316 51.6 7,796 48.4 16,112 Stormont 7,244 34.9 13,503 65.1 20,747 Sudbury 5,598 26.3 12,193 57.2 3,514 16.5 21,305 Timiskaming 4,611 24.7 7,497 40.1 6,259 33.5 335 1.8 18,702 Timmins 3,348 24.0 5,541 39.7 4,686 33.6 369 2.6 13,944 Victoria 12,634 58.3 9,041 41.7 21,675 Waterloo North 10,751 33.4 16,139 50.1 4,654 14.4 671 2.1 32,215 Waterloo South 7,309 33.7 9,058 41.8 4,039 18.6 1,275 5.9 21,681 Welland 7,373 26.4 15,411 55.2 4,408 15.8 721 2.6 27,913 Wellington-Huron 7,198 50.3 7,120 49.7 14,318 Wellington South 8,722 42.7 9,275 45.4 2,431 11.9 20,428 Wentworth 10,476 47.4 7,700 34.9 3,915 17.7 22,091 York Centre 11,180 35.5 13,903 44.1 5,960 18.9 483 1.5 31,526 York East 11,062 42.5 8,701 33.4 5,815 22.3 472 1.8 26,050 York-Humber 11,157 41.1 11,090 40.8 4,924 18.1 27,171 York North 9,355 41.7 10,988 48.9 2,116 9.4 22,459 York-Scarborough 14,221 42.0 14,889 44.0 4,184 12.4 580 1.7 33,874 York South 10,116 29.8 10,820 31.9 12,216 36.0 755 2.2 33,907 York West 12,228 41.5 10,262 34.8 6,569 22.3 417 1.4 29,476 Totals 669,628 40.5 791,913 47.9 167,475 10.1 5,064 0.3 18,785 1.1 1,652,865 City of Toronto Broadview 10,403 49.6 6,316 30.1 3,910 18.6 354 1.7 20,983 Danforth 12,595 41.0 11,834 38.5 5,905 19.2 374 1.2 30,708 Davenport 6,998 32.3 8,919 41.1 4,968 22.9 802 3.7 21,687 Eglinton 17,354 56.2 11,190 36.2 2,337 7.6 30,881 Greenwood 9,702 44.0 6,404 29.0 5,334 24.2 610 2.8 22,050 High Park 8,526 37.1 10,032 43.7 3,847 16.7 572 2.5 22,977 Parkdale 6,788 31.2 10,391 47.8 3,788 17.4 765 3.5 21,732 Rosedale 8,386 39.7 8,702 41.2 3,727 17.6 308 1.5 21,123 St. Paul's 9,738 41.5 9,223 39.3 3,786 16.1 363 1.5 369 1.6 23,479 Spadina 6,554 24.0 15,496 56.8 3,270 12.0 1,938 7.1 27,258 Trinity 6,019 30.6 8,056 40.9 3,877 19.7 1,725 8.8 19,677 Totals 103,063 39.3 106,563 40.6 44,749 17.0 363 0.1 7,817 3.0 262,555 Province Totals 772,691 40.3 898,476 46.9 212,224 11.1 5,427 0.3 26,602 1.4 1,915,420 Rejected 23,539 Total Vote Cast 1,938,959 Vote Cast lor "Other": Lab. Prog. = 18,414 Ind. = 6,337 Chr. Lib. = 1,505 Ridings (85) 29 3 1 Vote Cast lor "Other": Ind. Lib. 216 Lab. Soc. = 130 Ridings (85) 1 1 217 : Ontario Table 9-9 Ontario—1957 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. _ Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma East 5,757 34.9 8,574 52.0 2,156 13.1 16,487 Algoma West 8,345 35.5 10,166 43.2 5,027 21.4 23,538 Brantford 9,902 41.4 8,095 33.8 5,927 24.8 23,924 Brant-Haldimand 12,858 55.7 8,063 34.9 2,168 9.4 23,089 Bruce 8,225 57.5 6,089 42.5 14,314 Carleton 27,865 61.8 15,298 33.9 1,334 3.0 607 1.3 45,104 Cochrane 3,319 22.4 6,626 44.6 2,552 17.2 2,351 15.8 14,848 Dufferin-Simcoe 11,852 65.3 6,290 34.7 18,142 Durham 7,331 44.5 6,829 41.4 1,918 11.6 399 2.4 16,477 Elgin 14,822 59.9 7,280 29.4 1,233 5.0 1,407 5.7 24,742 Essex East 10,593 27.5 22,023 57.2 5,917 15.4 38,533 Essex South 10,006 48.4 9,580 46.3 775 3.7 311 1.5 20,672 Essex West 11,256 32.2 15,180 43.4 7,736 22.1 837 2.4 35,009 Fort William 7,926 35.4 8,552 38.2 5,903 26.4 22,381 Glengarry-Prescott 8,241 40.2 6,661 32.5 198 1.0 5,414 26.4 20,514 Grenville-Dundas 8,967 62.1 4,402 30.5 1,072 7.4 14,441 Grey-Bruce 10,707 58.5 7,606 41.5 18,313 Grey North 11,028 57.4 7,096 36.9 1,096 5.7 19,220 Halton 17,795 58.8 9,145 30.2 3,344 11.0 30,284 Hamilton East 10,528 38.5 8,511 31.2 7,367 27.0 916 3.4 27,322 Hamilton South 16,085 39.4 11,611 28.5 11,485 28.1 1,629 4.0 40,810 Hamilton West 16,533 53.6 9,964 32.3 4,363 14.1 30,860 Hastings-Frontenac 11,602 62.0 5,169 27.6 1,941 10.4 18,712 Hastings South 14,798 52.7 12,624 45.0 651 2.3 28,073 Huron 12,323 58.2 8,860 41.8 21,183 Kenora-Rainy River 7,087 31.5 10,701 47.6 4.689 20.9 22,477 Kent 10,907 40.9 13,977 52.4 1,792 6.7 26,676 Kingston 12,977 45.2 14,728 51.3 1,032 3.6 28,737 Lambton-Kent 9,745 55.7 7,752 44.3 17,497 Lambton West 13,096 48.1 11,583 42.5 1,732 6.4 827 3.0 27,238 Lanark 11,629 72.1 4,504 27.9 16,133 Leeds 11,065 51.3 10,125 46.9 395 1.8 21,585 Lincoln 25,409 52.6 15,794 32.7 4,829 10.0 2,233 4.6 48,265 London 19.804 58.9 11,110 33.0 2,714 8.1 33,628 Middlesex East 20,287 61.8 9,323 28.4 3,242 9.9 32,852 Middlesex West 9,075 53.2 7,368 43.2 631 3.7 17,074 Niagara Falls 10,845 46.0 12,706 54.0 23,551 Nickel Belt 7,490 36.2 8.819 42.6 4,395 21.2 20,704 Nipissing 7,351 33.6 12,528 57.3 1,999 9.1 21,878 Norfolk 10,885 56.4 7,711 40.0 690 3.6 19,286 Northumberland 10,062 52.5 9,112 47.5 19,174 Ontario 18,468 42.8 10,896 25.2 13,806 32.0 43,170 Ottawa East 5,947 23.2 18,216 71.1 620 2.4 843 3.3 25,626 Ottawa West 12,538 37.0 19,434 57.3 1,062 3.1 881 2.6 33,915 Oxford 20,404 68.9 8,275 27.9 944 3.2 29,623 Parry Sound-Muskoka 14,014 58.0 10,161 42.0 24,175 Peel 19,818 57.3 10,467 30.2 3,418 9.9 913 2.6 34,616 Perth 16,663 64.5 9,186 35.5 25,849 Peterborough 16,598 60.7 8,301 30.4 1.887 6.9 555 2.0 27,341 218 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-9 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal _ CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Port Arthur 5,261 18.6 10,813 38.2 12,228 43.2 28,302 Prince Edward-Lennox 9,003 58.3 5,901 38.2 540 3.5 15,444 Renfrew North 9,132 47.2 10,227 52.8 19,359 Renfrew South 8,782 53.0 7,791 47.0 16,573 Russell 12,271 34.5 20,673 58.2 1,420 4.0 1,161 3.3 35,525 Simcoe East 12,497 54.8 8,193 35.9 1,395 6.1 726 3.2 22,811 Simcoe North 11,437 62.5 6,860 37.5 18,297 Stormont 10,215 43.7 12,505 53.5 646 2.8 23,366 Sudbury 10,440 40.3 11,927 46.0 3,566 13.8 25,933 Timiskaming 5,645 29.0 6,896 35.4 6,936 35.6 19,477 Timmins 4,423 25.3 6,290 36.0 6,776 38.7 17,489 Victoria 14,153 65.0 5,835 26.8 860 4.0 917 4.2 21,765 Waterloo North 13,458 35.7 15,972 42.3 7,406 19.6 901 2.4 37,737 Waterloo South 11,699 47.4 7,450 30.2 4,009 16.2 1,532 6.2 24,690 Welland 10,620 34.0 13,241 42.4 7,356 23.6 31,217 Wellington-Huron 9,421 62.1 5,741 37.9 15,162 Wellington South 11,632 54.6 6,090 28.6 3,573 16.8 21,295 Wentworth 19,037 57.9 8,922 27.1 4,905 14.9 32,864 York Centre 23,295 47.4 16,925 34.4 8,164 16.6 777 1.6 49,161 York East 17,236 51.2 9,078 27.0 6,725 20.0 620 1.8 33,659 York-Humber 18,449 52.0 10,851 30.6 4,872 13.7 1,324 3.7 35,496 York North 17,770 58.9 10,753 35.6 1,653 5.5 30,176 York-Scarborough 42,299 56.3 22,353 29.7 8,931 11.9 1,600 2.1 75,183 York South 16,624 40.0 12,232 29.5 12,024 28.9 654 1.6 41,534 York West 27,035 55.5 13,665 28.1 6,600 13.6 1,368 2.8 48,668 Totals 962,662 48.4 760,255 38.2 224,103 11.3 36,085 1.8 6,140 0.3 1,989,245 City of Toronto Broadview 12,815 59.4 4,664 21.6 4,078 18.9 21,557 Danforth 18,604 50.6 8,443 23.0 9,720 26.4 36,767 Davenport 8,989 40.7 6,665 30.2 6,414 29.1 22,068 Eglinton 25,046 68.8 8,354 22.9 2,765 7.6 252 0.7 36,417 Greenwood 12,422 53.4 4,803 20.6 6,035 25.9 23,260 High Park 11,034 46.1 8,767 36.6 3,657 15.3 498 2.1 23,956 Parkdale 9,882 45.2 7,671 35.1 3,979 18.2 342 1.6 21,874 Rosedale 12,415 54.3 7,122 31.1 3,038 13.3 299 1.3 22,874 St. Paul’s 13,243 56.9 6,586 28.3 2,906 12.5 533 2.3 23,268 Spadina 10,348 43.1 9,496 39.6 3,031 12.6 464 1.9 668 2.8 24,007 Trinity 6,564 34.0 7,068 36.7 4,343 22.5 539 2.8 764 4.0 19,278 Totals 141,362 51.3 79,639 28.9 49,966 18.1 2,333 0.8 2,026 0.7 275,326 Province Totals 1,104,024 48.8 839,894 37.1 274,069 12.1 38,418 1.7 8,166 0.4 2,264,571 Rejected 30,553 Total Vote Cast 2,295,124 Vote Cast tor "Other": Ridings Ind. Lib. = 5,414 1 Lab. Prog. = 1,432 2 Ind. = 726 1 Ind. PC = 342 1 Lib-Con. 252 1 219 : Ontario Table 9-10 Ontario—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma East 8,208 38.2 11,240 52.3 2,039 9.5 21,487 Algoma West 11,355 39.8 12,390 43.4 4,801 16.8 28,546 Brantford 14,059 55.2 7,694 30.2 3,726 14.6 25,479 Brant-Haldimand 15,182 65.2 6,630 28.5 1,462 6.3 23,274 Bruce 9,510 65.7 4,975 34.3 14,485 Carleton 32,741 67.5 13,652 28.1 1,777 3.7 355 0.7 48,525 Cochrane 6,941 39.6 7,851 44.8 2,729 15.6 17,521 Dufferin-Simcoe 13,037 69.4 5,750 30.6 18,787 Durham 9,732 56.0 6,178 35.5 1,480 8.5 17,390 Elgin 17,146 68.4 6,656 26.6 1,008 4.0 252 1.0 25,062 Essex East 16,451 38.2 18,074 42.0 8,530 19.8 43,055 Essex South 14,326 61.2 8,222 35.1 861 3.7 23,409 Essex West 18,927 45.8 14,190 34.3 7,898 19.1 355 0.9 41,370 Fort William 9,798 39.4 9,915 39.8 4,953 19.9 224 0.9 24,890 Glengarry-Prescott 10,385 51.3 9.865 48.7 20,250 Grenville-Dundas 10,793 69.2 4,340 27.8 473 3.0 15,606 Grey-Bruce 11,878 65.5 6,248 34.5 18,126 Grey North 12,240 62.8 5,990 30.7 1,265 6.5 19,495 Flalton 21,056 61.0 9,978 28.9 3,481 10.1 34,515 Hamilton East 15,046 51.3 7,427 25.3 6,315 21.5 537 1.8 29,325 Hamilton South 24,453 54.1 9,860 21.8 10,874 24.1 45,187 Hamilton West 19,863 64.7 6,094 19.9 4,742 15.4 30,699 Hastings-Frontenac 13,983 69.4 5,564 27.6 606 3.0 20,153 Hastings South 17,849 61.6 10,069 34.7 1,058 3.7 28,976 Huron 14,108 65.1 7,550 34.9 21,658 Kenora-Rainy River 11,773 43.3 11,956 43.9 3,487 12.8 27,216 Kent 17,348 55.9 13,005 41.9 661 2.1 31,014 Kingston 16,989 51.9 14,862 45.4 887 2.7 32,738 Lambton-Kent 12,835 69.1 5,749 30.9 18,584 Lambton West 16,603 57.1 10,197 35.1 2,124 7.3 164 0.6 29,088 Lanark 12,116 73.7 4,315 26.3 16,431 Leeds 12,675 58.1 9,145 41.9 21,820 Lincoln 29,958 58.8 15,063 29.6 4,978 9.8 949 1.9 50,948 London 24,276 67.5 9,107 25.3 2,598 7.2 35,981 Middlesex East 24.896 69.4 7,849 21.9 3,125 8.7 35,870 Middlesex West 11,974 67.1 5,883 32.9 17,857 Niagara Falls 13,504 44.1 14,025 45.8 3,115 10.2 30,644 Nickle Belt 8,556 34.0 11,866 47.1 4,772 18.9 25,194 Nipissing 10,422 39.0 15,046 56.3 1,242 4.6 26,710 Norfolk 12,369 62.7 7,347 37.3 19,716 Northumberland 12,517 64.0 7,028 36.0 19,545 Ontario 26,887 58.4 10,848 23.6 8,023 17.4 248 0.5 46,006 Ottawa East 9,850 35.3 17,161 61.4 573 2.1 357 1.3 27,941 Ottawa West 17,673 47.1 19,098 50.9 751 2.0 37,522 Oxford 22,079 75.1 7,305 24.9 29,384 Parry Sound-Muskoka 14,888 61.7 6,833 28.3 2,414 10.0 24,135 Peel 23,379 61.2 10,357 27.1 3,848 10.1 640 1.7 38,224 Perth 18,295 70.4 6,842 26.3 859 3.3 25,996 220 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-10 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Peterborough 19,032 66.8 7,254 25.5 1,887 6.6 326 1.1 28,499 Port Arthur 10,215 32.5 9,043 28.7 12,217 38.8 31,475 Prince Edward-Lennox 10,783 70.7 4,458 29.3 15,241 Renfrew North 10,226 49.5 10,425 50.5 20,651 Renfrew South 9,259 53.2 8,148 46.8 17,407 Russell 19,464 45.4 21,575 50.3 1,224 2.9 594 1.4 42,857 Simcoe East 15,149 63.2 7,403 30.9 1,423 5.9 23,975 Simcoe North 13,855 70.2 5,890 29.8 19,745 Stormont 13,964 53.2 11,977 45.6 331 1.3 26,272 Sudbury 11,084 35.0 16,216 51.1 4,413 13.9 31,713 Timiskaming 7,318 34.9 6,118 29.2 7,544 36.0 20,980 Timmins 6,252 32.4 5,719 29.6 7,342 38.0 19,313 Victoria 16,080 71.8 5,190 23.2 1,112 5.0 22,382 Waterloo North 24,526 54.6 15,206 33.9 5,148 11.5 44,880 Waterloo South 15,624 60.5 5,793 22.4 4,415 17.1 25,832 Welland 14,053 39.1 15,365 42.7 6,550 18.2 35,968 Wellington-Huron 10,574 68.1 4,963 31.9 15,537 Wellington South 15,160 59.4 8,194 32.1 2,186 8.6 25,540 Wentworth 23,854 65.5 7,578 20.8 4,972 13.7 36,404 York Centre 30,764 53.3 19,065 33.0 7,888 13.7 57,717 York East 22,900 61.5 8,317 22.3 6,033 16.2 37,250 York-Humber 23,723 60.0 9,557 24.2 6,257 15.8 39,537 York North 21,499 63.9 9,523 28.3 2,148 6.4 494 1.5 33,664 York-Scarborough 57,396 65.1 22,019 25.0 8,123 9.2 653 0.7 88,191 York South 22,980 49.5 13,141 28.3 9,643 20.8 258 0.6 427 0.9 46,449 York West 34,208 60.1 15,589 27.4 6,502 11.4 612 1.1 56,911 Totals 1,230,871 56.2 731,015 33.4 217,963 10.0 7,916 0.4 2,459 0.1 2,190,224 City of Toronto Broadview 15,364 64.3 4,738 19.8 3,356 14.0 447 1.9 23,905 Danforth 24,139 58.8 7,529 18.4 9,352 22.8 41,020 Davenport 12,117 48.6 7,872 31.5 4,963 19.9 24,952 Eglinton 28,565 70.2 9,468 23.3 2,646 6.5 40,679 Greenwood 16,284 62.1 4,320 16.5 5,626 21.4 26,230 High Park 14,289 52.2 9,586 35.0 3,256 11.9 237 0.9 27,368 Parkdale 13,640 52.3 8,599 33.0 3,492 13.4 344 1.3 26,075 Rosedale 15,429 63.2 6,412 26.3 2,570 10.5 24,411 St. Paul's 18,213 64.8 7,212 25.7 2,686 9.6 28,111 Spadina 14,616 50.2 10,596 36.4 3,040 10.4 233 0.8 652 2.2 29,137 Trinity 10,203 45.5 8,177 36.5 3,170 14.2 851 3.8 22,401 Totals 182,859 58.2 84,509 26.9 44,157 14.0 470 0.1 2,294 0.7 314,289 Province Totals 1,413,730 56.4 815,524 32.6 262,120 10.5 8,386 0.3 4,753 0.2 2,504,513 Rejected 30,042 Total Vote Cast 2,534,555 Vote Cast for "Other": Lab. Prog. = 3,035 Ind. = 1,271 Soc. = 447 Ridings (85) 6 3 1 221 : Ontario Table 9-11 Ontario—1962 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Algoma East 5,631 27.2 11,934 57.6 3,168 15.3 20,733 Algoma West 9,681 30.5 13,832 43.5 8,274 26.0 31,787 Brantford 8,549 33.8 11,475 45.4 4,085 16.1 1,193 4.7 25,302 Brant-Haldimand 10,883 42.3 11,278 43.8 2,626 10.2 941 3.7 25,728 Bruce 7,604 51.6 6,141 41.7 706 4.8 279 1.9 14,730 Carleton 32,125 51.7 26,109 42.0 3,024 4.9 922 1.5 62,180 Cochrane 4,072 22.2 7,969 43.5 4,814 26.3 1,459 8.0 18,314 Dufferin-Simcoe 10,533 53.7 7,526 38.4 1,547 7.9 19,606 Durham 7,704 42.7 7,971 44.2 2,217 12.3 158 0.9 18,050 Elgin 12,569 45.5 12,491 45.2 1,936 7.0 622 2.3 27,618 Essex East 8,210 19.3 24,969 58.7 8,888 20.9 476 1.1 42,543 Essex South 10,409 44.4 11,397 48.6 1,342 5.7 284 1.2 23,432 Essex West 11,018 27.6 18,152 45.5 9,771 24.5 649 1.6 261 0.7 39,851 Fort William 7,108 28.0 12,229 48.1 5,713 22.5 361 1.4 25,411 Glengarry-Prescott 8,186 40.3 11,043 54.3 461 2.3 639 3.1 20,329 Grenville-Dundas 10,159 59.3 6,410 37.4 299 1.7 258 1.5 17,126 Grey-Bruce 10,514 57.5 7,009 38.3 763 4.2 18,286 Grey North 9,890 52.1 6,078 32.0 2,713 14.3 298 1.6 18,979 Halton 18,458 40.5 18,556 40.7 8,001 17.6 547 1.2 45,562 Hamilton East 8,437 30.3 12,027 43.2 7,353 26.4 27,817 Hamilton South 17,392 34.9 15,933 31.9 15,899 31.9 657 1.3 49,881 Hamilton West 12,794 43.2 11,047 37.3 5,321 18.0 421 1.4 29,583 Hastings-Frontenac 12,396 59.8 6,248 30.2 2,078 10.0 20,722 Hastings South 15,527 49.9 13,873 44.6 1,737 5.6 31,137 Huron 11,562 51.7 9,177 41.1 1,148 5.1 466 2.1 22,353 Kenora-Rainy River 7,123 25.7 15,412 55.7 5,157 18.6 27,692 Kent 14,280 47.2 15,362 50.7 629 2.1 30,271 Kingston 13,599 42.4 16,828 52.4 1,468 4.6 214 0.7 32,109 Lambton-Kent 9,052 46.5 9,874 50.8 521 2.7 19,447 Lambton West 11,292 35.1 14,125 43.9 6,249 19.4 524 1.6 32,190 Lanark 10,462 57.0 6,823 37.2 410 2.2 660 3.6 18,355 Leeds 10,325 45.2 12,071 52.9 424 1.9 22,820 Lincoln 20,445 37.7 23,386 43.1 5,130 9.5 5,262 9.7 54,223 London 16,096 51.4 11,084 35.4 3,679 11.8 447 1.4 31,306 Middlesex East 19,003 47.0 13,231 32.7 7,246 17.9 992 2.5 • 40,472 Middlesex West 10,178 50.7 7,914 39.4 1,658 8.3 327 1.6 20,077 Niagara Falls 7,795 25.2 18,500 59.7 3,713 12.0 985 3.2 30,993 Nickel Belt 8,381 29.0 16,440 56.9 3,085 10.7 978 3.4 28,884 Nipissing 7,127 25.9 17,164 62.4 2,573 9.4 631 2.3 27,495 Norfolk 9,092 42.0 10,882 50.3 1,216 5.6 464 2.1 21,654 Northumberland 10,451 49.7 9,693 46.1 870 4.1 21,014 Ontario 23,158 42.8 16,051 29.6 14,461 26.7 488 0.9 54,158 Ottawa East 6,801 27.8 15,930 65.1 1,216 5.0 534 2.2 24,481 Ottawa West 11,397 37.3 16,935 55.4 1,538 5.0 698 2.3 30,568 Oxford 18,352 57.8 10,731 33.8 1,918 6.0 735 2.3 31,736 Parry Sound-Muskoka 13,135 51.3 9,646 37.7 2,817 11.0 25,598 Peel 19,238 38.9 21,221 42.9 8,341 16.9 611 1.2 49,411 Perth 15,108 58.8 8,839 34.4 1,739 6.8 25,686 222 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-11 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Peterborough 12,185 38.1 8,215 25.7 11,605 36.3 Port Arthur 9,266 26.5 11,502 32.9 13,437 38.4 352 1.0 418 1.2 Prince Edward-Lennox 9,094 52.6 7,128 41.2 922 5.3 142 0.8 Renfrew North 9,348 40.8 11,313 49.4 902 3.9 1,344 5.9 Renfrew South 8,732 49.4 8,254 46.7 427 2.4 246 1.4 Russell 15,492 31.2 29,322 59.1 3,385 6.8 1,427 2.9 Simcoe East 12,835 52.8 8,688 35.8 2,346 9.7 423 1.7 Simcoe North 11,728 58.1 6,210 30.7 2,265 11.2 Stormont 11,293 45.4 11,363 45.7 946 3.8 1,256 5.1 Sudbury 7,719 25.3 17,628 57.8 4,320 14.2 849 2.8 Timiskaming 6,053 27.8 5,969 27.5 7,055 32.4 2,665 12.3 Timmins 4,676 23.7 5,439 27.5 8,834 44.7 805 4.1 Victoria 12,555 54.6 6,653 29.0 3,029 13.2 742 3.2 Waterloo North 21,262 44.3 17,762 37.0 7,722 16.1 1,260 2.6 Waterloo South 11,648 42.3 8,132 29.5 7,186 26.1 566 2.1 Welland 12,209 33.0 17,614 47.6 6,225 16.8 630 1.7 317 0.9 Wellington-Huron 7,455 48.4 5,344 34.7 2,616 17.0 Wellington South 11,345 42.0 8,508 31.5 6,989 25.9 174 0.6 Wentworth 17,050 41.2 16,434 39.7 7,070 17.1 806 1.9 York Centre 21,343 26.7 30,432 38.1 27,369 34.3 746 0.9 York East 16,827 37.1 16,963 37.4 10,940 24.1 609 1.3 York-Humber 14,864 34.9 15,526 36.5 11,622 27.3 564 1.3 York North 17,168 39.4 18,094 41.5 7,796 17.9 528 1.2 York-Scarborough 49,643 40.7 44,349 36.4 26,543 21.8 1,452 1.2 York South 12,552 26.6 15,423 32.6 19,101 40.4 179 0.4 York West 28,467 37.3 32,362 42.4 14,356 18.8 1,205 1.6 Totals 946,110 39.6 1,003,643 42.0 391,829 16.4 46,850 2.0 1,417 0.1 City of Toronto Broadview 8,929 40.7 7,658 34.9 5,330 24.3 Danforth 13,144 32.8 12,498 31.2 14,029 35.0 364 0.9 Davenport 6,713 31.5 9,101 42.6 5,181 24.3 117 0.5 231 1.1 Eglinton 18,648 45.5 17,888 43.6 4,113 10.0 341 0.8 Greenwood 8,694 35.5 6,338 25.9 9,238 37.7 233 1.0 High Park 9,089 35.3 11,388 44.3 4,903 19.1 348 1.4 Parkdale 8,946 34.8 10,780 41.9 5,759 22.4 224 0.9 Rosedale 9,597 40.3 10,191 42.8 3,778 15.9 240 1.0 St. Paul’s 11,013 41.4 11,140 41.9 3,533 13.3 563 2.1 328 1.2 Spadina 9,088 34.0 11,982 44.8 5,026 18.8 227 0.8 415 1.6 Trinity 6,124 29.9 9,615 47.0 3,740 18.3 227 1.1 744 3.6 Totals 109,985 36.9 118,579 39.8 64,630 21.7 2,884 1.0 1,718 0.6 Province Totals 1,056,095 39.3 1,122,222 41.8 456,459 17.0 49,734 1.9 3,135 0.1 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "OtherRidings (85) Comm. = 1,836 3 Ind. = 1,038 3 CBC = 261 1 Total 32,005 34,975 17,286 22,907 17,659 49,626 24,292 20,203 24,858 30,516 21,742 19,754 22,979 48,006 27,532 36,995 15,415 27,016 41,360 79,890 45,339 42,576 43,586 121,987 47,255 76,390 2,389,849 21,917 40,035 21,343 40,990 24,503 25,728 25,709 23,806 26,577 26,738 20,450 297,796 2,687,645 31,375 2,719,020 223 : Ontario Table 9-12 Ontario—1963 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Algoma East 6,146 29.6 10,817 52.2 1,751 8.4 2,016 9.7 20,730 Algoma West 10,119 29.9 14,023 41.4 9,351 27.6 355 1.0 33,848 Brantford 9,680 38.8 10,804 43.3 3,706 14.9 766 3.1 24,956 Brant-Haldimand 10,814 41.0 12,733 48.3 2,274 8.6 557 2.1 26,378 Bruce 7,451 51.5 6,401 44.3 611 4.2 14,463 Carleton 31,168 46.3 32,325 48.0 3,144 4.7 699 1.0 67,336 Cochrane 3,276 17.4 7,809 41.6 5,498 29.3 2,204 11.7 18,787 Dufferin-Simcoe 10,278 47.8 8,941 41.6 673 3.1 1,626 7.6 21,518 Durham 8,084 42.8 8,720 46.2 1,901 10.1 161 0.9 18,866 Elgin 13,957 48.5 12,910 44.9 1,127 3.9 757 2.6 28,751 Essex East 8,894 20.7 25,727 59.8 7,648 17.8 740 1.7 43,009 Essex South 12,178 47.7 12,947 50.7 419 1.6 25,544 Essex West 10,946 26.5 23,165 56.1 6,267 15.2 884 2.1 41,262 Fort William 6,618 25.2 11,765 44.7 7,619 29.0 309 1.2 26,311 Glengarry-Prescott 5,568 28.0 9,906 49.8 394 2.0 2,786 14.0 1,234 6.2 19,888 Grenville-Dundas 10,434 58.0 7,207 40.0 363 2.0 18,004 Grey-Bruce 10,535 57.0 6,981 37.8 399 2.2 566 3.1 18,481 Grey North 9,804 51.3 6,819 35.7 1,967 10.3 525 2.7 19,115 Halton 15,949 32.5 25,482 52.0 6,790 13.8 330 0.7 481 1.0 49,032 Hamilton East 7,644 27.2 13,167 46.9 7,015 25.0 240 0.9 28,066 Hamilton South 16,441 30.5 17,842 33.1 19,205 35.6 459 0.9 53,947 Hamilton West 10,849 35.0 13,701 44.2 5,709 18.4 442 1.4 283 0.9 30,984 Hastings-Frontenac 12,321 60.0 6,479 31.6 989 4.8 738 3.6 20,527 Hastings South 14,859 46.5 15,505 48.5 1,332 4.2 265 0.8 31,961 Huron 12,224 54.6 10,169 45.4 22,393 Kenora-Rainy River 10,221 37.8 16,794 62.2' 27,015 Kent 15,381 48.3 15,179 47.6 924 2.9 388 1.2 31,872 Kingston 12,879 38.0 18,425 54.4 2,400 7.1 194 0.6 33,898 Lambton-Kent 9,520 47.7 9,496 47.5 576 2.9 379 1.9 19,971 Lambton West 12,592 38.8 15,978 49.2 3,626 11.2 264 0.8 32,460 Lanark 10,475 56.8 7,043 38.2 601 3.3 312 1.7 18,431 Leeds 9,899 45.0 12,113 55.0 22,012 Lincoln 21,345 38.5 25,902 46.8 5,315 9.6 2,841 5.1 55,403 London 15,700 46.3 14,262 42.1 3,335 9.8 599 1.8 33,896 Middlesex East 19,850 45.0 18,043 40.9 5,092 11.5 1,159 2.6 • 44,144 Middlesex West 10,247 48.5 9,320 44.1 1,327 6.3 232 1.1 21,126 Niagara Falls 8,863 28.4 18,749 60.2 3,555 11.4 31,167 Nickel Belt 7,268 24.5 13,414 45.2 5,486 18.5 3,524 11.9 29,692 Nipissing 7,283 26.2 16,547 59.6 2,351 8.5 1,587 5.7 27,768 Norfolk 10,115 44.5 10,862 47.8 1,156 5.1 594 2.6 22,727 Northumberland 9,838 46.4 10,343 48.8 621 2.9 388 1.8 21,190 Ontario 22,902 39.4 20,174 34.7 15,020 25.9 58,096 Ottawa East 3,964 15.7 12,043 47.6 1,433 5.7 930 3.7 6,923 27.4 25,293 Ottawa West 9,852 32.0 18.634 60.4 1,422 4.6 924 3.0 30,832 Oxford 19,402 60.4 10,359 32.3 1,550 4.8 805 2.5 32,116 Parry Sound-Muskoka 12,132 46.8 10,598 40.9 2,169 8.4 1,033 4.0 25,932 Peel 15,921 30.0 28,009 52.7 8,836 16.6 354 0.7 53,120 Perth 15,328 57.1 10,442 38.9 1,065 4.0 26,835 224 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-12 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Peterborough 11,909 35.9 9,927 29.9 11,131 33.6 180 0.5 Port Arthur 6,316 17.7 13,132 36.9 16,141 45.4 Prince Edward-Lennox 8,869 51.1 7,516 43.3 863 5.0 117 0.7 Renfrew North 9,089 39.0 11,580 49.6 947 4.1 1,712 7.3 Renfrew South 8,210 46.4 8,765 49.6 316 1.8 393 2.2 Russell 14,892 28.5 31,182 59.7 3,191 6.1 2,938 5.6 Simcoe East 12,662 50.5 9,324 37.2 2,031 8.1 1,054 4.2 Simcoe North 10,157 45.9 8,374 37.8 963 4.4 1,961 8.9 678 3.1 Stormont 9,728 39.4 13,285 53.9 801 3.2 851 3.5 Sudbury 8,597 26.6 15,794 48.8 5,472 16.9 2,180 6.7 311 1.0 Timiskaming 5,540 25.5 6,763 31.2 7,356 33.9 2,033 9.4 Timmins 3,068 15.5 7,592 38.3 8,452 42.6 719 3.6 Victoria 10,538 45.6 9,572 41.4 2,994 13.0 Waterloo North 22,007 43.4 21,366 42.1 6,200 12.2 1,157 2.3 Waterloo South 11,479 40.9 8,792 31.3 7,403 26.4 372 1.3 Welland 9,291 25.8 19,879 55.3 5,010 13.9 1,413 3.9 372 1.0 Wellington-Huron 8,391 54.7 5,809 37.8 1,152 7.5 Wellington South 11,350 39.7 10,713 37.5 6,391 22.3 150 0.5 Wentworth 17,640 39.8 18,589 41.9 8,088 18.3 York Centre 12,807 15.5 41,485 50.1 28,505 34.4 York East 14,777 31.2 21,038 44.4 11,234 23.7 349 0.7 York-Humber 12,218 27.6 20,188 45.6 11,821 26.7 York North 14,488 32.1 21,668 48.1 8,591 19.1 330 0.7 York-Scarborough 41,535 31.4 63,049 47.7 26,819 20.3 895 0.7 York South 9,648 20.1 21,042 43.8 17,396 36.2 York West 24,479 30.3 41,480 51.4 14,003 17.4 697 0.9 Totals 896,899 36.2 1,142,978 46.1 376,253 15.2 53,852 2.2 10,893 0.4 City of Toronto Broadview 6,684 31.3 8,743 40.9 5,574 26.1 166 0.8 192 0.9 Danforth 10,835 26.7 14,701 36.2 14,903 36.7 212 0.5 Davenport 4,520 22.4 11,023 54.7 4,347 21.6 245 1.2 Eglinton 13,984 33.8 22,215 53.7 5,151 12.5 Greenwood 7,221 29.5 7,207 29.4 9,421 38.5 224 0.9 420 1.7 High Park 7,045 28.5 13,034 52.8 4,425 17.9 203 0.8 Parkdale 6,308 25.4 12,694 51.2 5,538 22.3 259 1.0 Rosedale 6,803 29.0 12,860 54.9 3,534 15.1 240 1.0 St. Paul’s 7,795 27.8 15,891 56.7 3,794 13.5 543 1.9 Spadina 6,094 22.4 14,850 54.7 5,888 21.7 332 1.2 Trinity 5,171 26.3 10,595 53.9 3,512 17.9 391 2.0 Totals 82,460 27.9 143,813 48.6 66,087 22.3 2,424 0.8 1,003 0.3 Province Totals 979,359 35.3 1,286,791 46.3 442,340 15.9 56,276 2.0 11,896 0.4 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast (or "Other": Ind. Lib. = 7,808 Comm. = 1,777 Ind. PC = 1,508 Ridings (85) 2 5 3 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (85) Ind. = 760 2 Soc. Lab. = 43 1 'Candidate ran as Liberal-Labour Total 33,147 35,589 17,365 23,328 17,684 52,203 25,071 22,133 24,665 32,354 21,692 19,831 23,104 50,730 28,046 35,965 15,352 28,604 44,317 82,797 47,398 44,227 45,077 132,298 48,086 80,659 2,480,875 21,359 40,651 20,135 41,350 24,493 24,707 24,799 23,437 28,023 27,164 19,669 295,787 2,776,662 23,208 2,799,870 225 : Ontario Table 9-13 Ontario—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma East 5,793 33.8 9,268 54.2 2,053 12.0 17,114 Algoma West 11,914 35.6 12,034 35.9 9,564 28.5 33,512 Brantford 7,825 32.4 9,948 41.2 6,176 25.6 208 0.9 24,157 Brant-Haldimand 7,909 30.5 13,179 50.9 4,813 18.6 25,901 Bruce 6,846 49.9 5,424 39.6 1,443 10.5 13,713 Carleton 32,456 43.9 31,523 42.6 9,953 13.5 73,932 Cochrane 3,025 16.5 7,505 40.9 6,685 36.4 837 4.6 316 1.7 18,368 Dufferin-Simcoe 9,701 47.3 6,420 31.3 3,384 16.5 984 4.8 20,489 Durham 6,725 35.6 8,017 42.5 3,948 20.9 177 0.9 18,867 Elgin 12,309 44.4 13,343 48.2 1,530 5.5 520 1.9 27,702 Essex East 8,142 19.9 26,094 63.8 6,133 15.0 543 1.3 40,912 Essex South 10,072 41.5 12,887 53.1 1,329 5.5 24,288 Essex West 10,298 26.8 21,525 56.1 5,739 15.0 379 1.0 413 1.1 38,354 Fort William 4,773 18.2 12,432 47.5 8,993 34.3 26,198 Glengarry-Prescott 6,529 33.9 10,339 53.7 1,173 6.1 1,204 6.3 19,245 Grenville-Dundas 9,845 56.7 6,930 39.9 595 3.4 17,370 Grey-Bruce 10,138 58.0 5,639 32.3 1,706 9.8 17,483 Grey North 9,222 49.2 7,003 37.4 2,510 13.4 18,735 Halton 16,412 31.1 25,213 47.8 10,751 20.4 373 0.7 52,749 Hamilton East 5,725 22.2 12,692 49.1 7,314 28.3 103 0.4 25,834 Hamilton South 11,425 21.1 19,693 36.3 22,736 41.9 359 0.7 54,213 Hamilton West 10,888 35.5 13,247 43.2 6,297 20.6 199 0.6 30,631 Hastings-Frontenac 11,290 64.0 5,034 28.5 1,317 7.5 17,641 Hastings South 14,824 48.2 14,569 47.4 1,338 4.4 30,731 Huron 10,670 49.6 9,537 44.3 1,311 6.1 21,518 Kenora-Rainy River 7,789 30.0 11,488 44.3 6,650 25.6 25,927 Kent 15,472 50.9 13,667 45.0 1,231 4.1 30,370 Kingston 12,766 39.5 16,022 49.6 3,530 10.9 32,318 Lambton-Kent 10,303 52.3 9,413 47.7 19,716 Lambton West 12,230 37.8 12,805 39.5 7,346 22.7 32,381 Lanark 9,784 55.2 6,826 38.5 775 4.4 335 1.9 17,720 Leeds 10,066 47.1 10,365 48.5 946 4.4 21,377 Lincoln 19,324 34.8 25,820 46.6 8,395 15.1 1,913 3.4 55,452 London 13,763 45.8 11,164 37.2 4,412 14.7 693 2.3 30,032 Middlesex East 15,859 33.7 17,675 37.6 13,073 27.8 392 0.8 • 46,999 Middlesex West 9,768 46.0 9,405 44.3 2,067 9.7 21,240 Niagara Falls 7,442 25.1 17,794 60.1 3,361 11.4 346 1.2 657 2.2 29,600 Nickel Belt 5,055 19.2 10,374 39.5 10,863 41.3 26,292 Nipissing 5,653 23.1 14,025 57.4 4,763 19.5 24,441 Norfolk 9,724 45.4 9,833 45.9 1,532 7.2 319 1.5 21,408 Northumberland 10,876 49.7 10,313 47.1 712 3.3 21,901 Ontario 22,752 37.6 20,515 33.9 16,207 26.8 1,026 1.7 60,500 Ottawa East 4,101 18.8 15,107 69.4 2,564 11.8 21,772 Ottawa West 8,604 33.0 14,945 57.2 2,057 7.9 504 1.9 26,110 Oxford 17,657 55.6 10,202 32.2 3,870 12.2 31,729 Parry Sound-Muskoka 11,777 52.4 6,922 30.8 3,773 16.8 22,472 Peel 17,955 29.5 29,057 47.7 13,404 22.0 551 0.9 60,967 Perth 13,558 55.2 9,309 37.9 1,712 7.0 24,579 226 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-13 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Peterborough 11,693 35.1 12,335 37.0 9,327 28.0 33,355 Port Arthur 8,075 23.0 14,706 42.0 12,275 35.0 35,056 Prince Edward-Lennox 9,064 55.2 6,311 38.4 1,043 6.4 16,418 Renfrew North 5,846 27.1 10,882 50.5 2,021 9.4 2,812 13.0 21,561 Renfrew South 7,505 44.1 8,932 52.5 581 3.4 17,018 Russell 15,718 30.3 28,997 55.9 7,186 13.8 51,901 Simcoe East 11,648 47.5 9,281 37.8 3,597 14.7 24,526 Simcoe North 9,513 45.5 8,590 41.1 1,677 8.0 1,109 5.3 20,889 Stormont 7,458 30.8 13,530 55.9 3,201 13.2 24,189 Sudbury 5,675 19.1 13,247 44.6 10,749 36.2 29,671 Timiskaming 3,823 19.4 5,885 29.9 9,986 50.7 19,694 Timmins 2,715 14.0 6,456 33.4 10,071 52.1 100 0.5 19,342 Victoria 11,282 48.3 8,828 37.8 3,230 13.8 23,340 Waterloo North 17,790 33.2 24,733 46.1 11,074 20.7 53,597 Waterloo South 9,678 33.5 5,886 20.4 13,337 46.1 28,901 Welland 8,496 23.9 17,869 50.2 9,206 25.9 35,571 Wellington-Huron 7,792 53.8 5,385 37.2 1,304 9.0 14,481 Wellington South 11,264 38.8 8,595 29.6 9,190 31.6 29,049 Wentworth 15,991 33.4 17,746 37.1 13,735 28.7 362 0.8 47,834 York Centre 15,301 17.1 41,553 46.4 32,352 36.1 302 0.3 89,508 York East 15,312 32.3 18,840 39.8 13,045 27.5 194 0.4 47,391 York-Humber 11,325 27.3 17,172 41.4 12,792 30.8 235 0.6 41,524 York North 16,459 36.5 18,207 40.4 10,438 23.1 45,104 York-Scarborough 54,659 37.0 58,501 39.6 33,821 22.9 600 0.4 147,581 York South 6,427 13.9 18,098 39.2 21,693 46.9 46,218 York West 27,071 29.5 43,807 47.7 20,993 22.9 91,871 Totals 854,614 34.6 1,076,913 43.6 519,958 21.0 9,791 0.4 9,274 0.4 2,470,550 Metropolitan Toronto Broadview 5,481 26.4 6,876 33.2 8,232 39.7 147 0.7 20,736 Danforth 9,242 23.4 10,906 27.6 19,320 49.0 39,468 Davenport 3,907 23.1 9,887 58.4 2,918 17.2 224 1.3 16,936 Eglinton 16,777 40.9 18,719 45.6 5,538 13.5 41,034 Greenwood 5,573 25.2 5,952 26.9 10,590 47.9 22,115 High Park 6,652 29.6 11,171 49.7 4,650 20.7 22,473 Parkdale 6,104 26.2 11,974 51.5 5,194 22.3 23,272 Rosedale 7,487 34.4 9,757 44.8 4,514 20.7 21,758 St. Paul’s 8,204 32.5 12,251 48.5 4,821 19.1 25,276 Spadina 5,337 23.1 12,005 51.9 5,604 24.2 174 0.8 23,120 Trinity 4,375 25.7 9,897 58.1 2,773 16.3 17,045 Totals 79,139 29.0 119,395 43.7 74,154 27.1 545 0.2 273,233 Province Totals 933,753 34.0 1,196,308 43.6 594,112 21.7 9,791 0.4 9,819 0.4 2,743,783 Rejected 26,439 Total Vote Cast 2,770,222 Vote Cast tor "Other": Ridings (85) Vote Cast tor "Other": Ridings (85) Ind. = 5,391 7 Ind. PC 1,030 2 RC = 1,204 1 New Cap. 1,009 3 Comm. = 1,038 3 Soc. Lab = 147 1 227 : Ontario Table 9-14 Ontario—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % 1 Number % Number % Number % Number % Algoma 5,270 27.9 9,542 50.6 4,057 21.5 18,869 Brant 11,901 29.6 16,029 39.8 12,333 30.6 40,263 Bruce 11,674 42.7 12,775 46.7 2,911 10.6 27,360 Cochrane 2,875 14.3 9,803 48.7 7,034 34.9 433 2.1 20,145 Elgin 11,799 40.9 12,856 44.5 4,227 14.6 28,882 Essex 5,485 18.5 14,707 49.7 9,399 31.8 29,591 Fort William 7,284 28.8 10,635 42.0 7,394 29.2 25,313 Frontenac-Lennox and Addington 11,801 47.1 9,953 39.7 2,730 10.9 571 2.3 25,055 Glengarry-Prescott 7,564 31.3 14,970 62.0 1,606 6.7 24,140 Grenville-Carleton 18,843 42.8 21,250 48.3 3,887 8.8 43,980 Grey-Simcoe 13,146 47.0 11,204 40.1 3,623 13.0 27,973 Halton 12,614 34.0 17,837 48.1 6,606 17.8 37,057 Halton-Wentworth 18,043 38.1 19,563 41.3 9,312 19.7 399 0.8 47,317 Hamilton East 5,633 18.5 15,273 50.2 9,210 30.3 297 1.0 30,413 Hamilton Mountain 10,583 24.5 17,794 41.2 14,838 34.3 43,215 Hamilton-Wentworth 10,059 26.5 14,979 39.5 12,852 33.9 37,890 Hamilton West 13,580 40.4 13,238 39.4 6,809 20.2 33,627 Hastings 13,555 49.1 10,875 39.4 3,195 11.6 27,625 Huron 14,652 54.6 10,960 40.9 1,212 4.5 26,824 Kenora-Rainy River 4,655 22.7 10,144 49.5’ 5,711 27.8 20,510 Kent-Essex 15,195 49.3 13,077 42.5 2,528 8.2 30,800 Kingston and the Islands 11,799 36.1 16,234 49.7 4,636 14.2 32,669 Kitchener 11,217 27.7 16,471 40.7 12,799 31.6 40,487 Lambton-Kent 14,460 51.8 11,094 39.8 2,342 8.4 27,896 Lanark and Renfrew 12,737 45.9 13,156 47.4 1,861 6.7 27,754 Leeds 13,536 46.6 13,532 46.5 2,005 6.9 29,073 Lincoln 12,692 38.7 13,328 40.7 6,763 20.6 32,783 London East 10,079 31.8 11,823 37.3 9,703 30.6 89 0.3 31,694 London West 18,462 41.8 21,764 49.3 3,891 8.8 44,117 Middlesex 15,284 43.7 15,986 45.7 3,743 10.7 35,013 Niagara Falls 10,825 32.0 17,183 50.7 5,861 17.3 33,869 Nickel Belt 4,439 17.3 11,551 45.1 9,621 37.6 25,611 Nipissing 8,412 33.4 13,524 53.7 3,267 13.0 25,203 Norfolk-Haldimand 14,908 47.4 13,132 41.7 3,441 10.9 • 31,481 Northumberland-Durham 11,141 36.2 13,707 44.6 5,897 19.2 30,745 Ontario 10,579 33.4 13,483 42.6 7,607 24.0 31,669 Oshawa-Whitby 15,209 33.6 14,899 32.9 15,224 33.6 45,332 Ottawa-Carleton 11,665 26.7 28,987 66.2 3,115 7.1 43,767 Ottawa Centre 11,602 34.2 19,578 57.7 2,729 8.0 33,909 Ottawa East 4,186 12.6 26,170 78.6 2,921 8.8 33,277 Ottawa West 16,392 36.3 23,750 52.6 5,003 11.1 45,145 Oxford 18,504 53.6 12,697 36.8 3,335 9.7 34,536 Parry Sound-Muskoka 12,045 47.7 9,622 38.1 3,568 14.1 25,235 228 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-14 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Peel-Dufferin-Simcoe 14,138 35.3 18,950 47.3 6,972 17.4 40,060 Peel South 19,065 36.8 24,255 46.8 8,498 16.4 51,818 Perth 14,959 48.5 12,864 41.7 3,009 9.8 30,832 Peterborough 12,972 34.8 15,675 42.1 8,593 23.1 37,240 Port Arthur 4,179 18.3 11,079 48.6 7,306 32.0 233 1.0 22,797 Prince Edward-Hastings 15,682 50.8 12,614 40.9 2,569 8.3 30,865 Renfrew North 7,976 34.7 13,195 57.4 1,813 7.9 22,984 Sarnia 12,883 40.0 14,573 45.3 4,733 14.7 32,189 Sault Ste. Marie 11,529 36.7 12,527 39.8 7,297 23.2 102 0.3 31,455 St. Catherines 14,544 36.5 18,100 45.4 7,185 18.0 39,829 Simcoe North 16,619 45.8 14,936 41.2 4,730 13.0 36,285 Stormont-Dundas 2 5,409 24.1 17,014 75.9 22,423 Sudbury 5,696 15.1 19,672 52.3 12,260 32.6 37,628 Thunder Bay 4,904 23.9 9,540 46.5 6,081 29.6 20,525 Timiskaming 4,443 21.2 7,728 36.9 8,482 40.5 288 1.4 20,941 Timmins 2,118 9.6 11,141 50.5 8,807 39.9 22,066 Victoria-Haliburton 12,621 47.6 10,263 38.7 3,374 12.7 258 1.0 26,516 Waterloo 14,568 32.5 14,835 33.1 15,231 34.0 167 0.4 44,801 Welland 6,129 17.6 17,335 49.8 11,363 32.6 34,827 Wellington 13,496 44.5 11,842 39.0 5,012 16.5 30,350 Wellington-Grey 12,118 44.4 12,027 44.1 2,902 10.6 224 0.8 27,271 Windsor-Walkerville 5,191 14.9 17,090 49.1 12,090 34.8 408 1.2 34,779 Windsor West 5,002 16.4 16,442 54.1 8,972 29.5 30,416 York North 15,693 33.6 24,054 51.5 7,000 15.0 46,747 York-Simcoe 13,100 37.3 15,906 45.3 6,095 17.4 35,101 Totals 756,009 34.4 995,778 45.3 426,589 19.4 888 0 19,595 0.9 2,198,859 Metropolitan Toronto Broadview 4,752 18.8 9,929 39.3 10,406 41.1 202 0.8 25,289 Davenport 4,688 22.0 10,736 50.4 5,865 27.5 21,289 Don Valley 22,359 41.7 27,335 51.0 3,863 7.2 53,557 Eglinton 11,155 28.5 23,215 59.2 4,654 11.9 164 0.4 39,188 Etobicoke 17,799 31.1 32,066 56.0 7,432 13.0 57,297 Greenwood 8,268 25.7 11,755 36.6 12,117 37.7 32,140 High Park 10,743 28.1 16,260 42.5 8,131 21.3 3,110 8.1 38,244 Lakeshore 6,794 20.2 14,464 43.0 12,367 36.8 33,625 Parkdale 5,057 17.6 14,717 51.2 8,983 31.2 28,757 Rosedale 9,683 29.2 19,011 57.4 4,083 12.3 331 1.0 33,108 St. Paul's 10,882 30.8 20,981 59.4 2,743 7.8 712 2.0 35,318 Scarborough East 12,477 25.2 23,701 47.9 13,265 26.8 49,443 Scarborough West 7,340 21.2 14,889 42.9 12,473 35.9 34,702 Spadina 3,353 20.1 9,379 56.2 3,943 23.6 16,675 Trinity 5,360 23.7 13,126 57.9 4,177 18.4 22,663 229 : Ontario Table 9-14 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total York Centre 5,804 12.3 26,758 56.6 14,714 31.1 47,276 York East 12,155 28.0 19,320 44.5 11,921 27.5 43,396 York-Scarborough 15,458 24.3 37,374 58.8 10,724 16.9 63,556 York South 4,499 15.8 11,693 41.0 12,357 43.3 28,549 York West 8,344 18.3 20,416 44.8 16,204 35.6 597 1.3 45,561 Totals 186,970 24.9 377,125 50.3 180,422 24.1 5,116 0.7 749,633 Province Totals 942,979 32.0 1,372,903 46.6 607,011 20.6 888 0 24,711 0.8 2,948,492 Rejected 25,253 Total Vote Cast 2,973,745 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (88) Elected Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (88) Elected Ind = 18.419 7 1 Soc. Lab. = 202 1 Ind. Lib. = 3,714 3 New Can 148 1 Comm. = 1,568 6 Nat. Soc. = 89 1 Ind. PC = 571 1 'Candidate ran as Liberal-Labour. 2 Seat won by an Independent. Table 9-15 Ontario—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma 6,721 30.4 10,160 45.9 4,599 20.8 508 2.3 150 0.7 22,138 Brant 11,711 25.2 14,730 31.7 20,002 43.1 46,443 Bruce 14,297 43.3 14,974 45.3 3,772 11.4 33,043 Cochrane 4,626 20.9 10,405 47.0 5,405 24.4 1,477 6.7 204 0.9 22,117 Elgin 17,281 51.0 13,289 39.2 3,345 9.9 33,915 Essex-Windsor 4,929 12.0 19,793 48.0 16,503 40.0 41,225 Fort William 10,263 35.0 11,545 39.4 7,497 25.6 29,305 Frontenac-Lennox and Addington Glengarry-Prescott- 16,563 56.8 9,296 31.9 3,283 11.3 29,142 Russell 6,924 24.4 14,780 52.1 2,495 8.8 1,710 6.0 2,479 8.7 28,388 Grenville-Carleton 32,689 53.5 22,026 36.0 6,405 10.5 61,120 Grey-Simcoe 17,092 49.7 11,198 32.6 5,093 14.8 1,004 2.9 34,387 Halton 22.640 43.7 20,419 39.4 8,725 16.8 51,784 Halton-Wentworth 31,150 49.3 21,450 33.9 10,630 16.8 63,230 Hamilton East 8,601 28.4 13,053 43.1 8,351 27.6 108 0.4 190 0.6 30,303 Hamilton Mountain 21,713 41.0 17,477 33.0 13,604 25.7 183 0.3 52,977 Hamilton-Wentworth 18,611 38.5 14,755 30.5 14,520 30.0 143 0.3 294 0.6 48,323 Hamilton West 19,837 52.6 12,204 32.4 5,420 14.4 218 0.6 37,679 Hastings 16,591 52.9 11,391 36.3 3,378 10.8 31,360 Huron 18,921 64.3 8,570 29.1 1,852 6.3 85 0.3 29,428 Kenora-Rainy River 8,238 35.8 9,241 40.2 5,263 22.9 272 1.2 23,014 Kent-Essex 18,837 53.2 11,981 33.9 4,559 12.9 35,377 230 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-15 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kingston and the Islands 22,824 53.4 14,079 33.0 5,807 13.6 42,710 Kitchener 18,104 37.9 18,351 38.4 11,272 23.6 47,727 Lambton-Kent 16,306 53.5 11,187 36.7 2,970 9.7 30,463 Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton 17,893 54.2 13,283 40.3 1,819 5.5 32,995 Leeds 18,130 53.9 10,650 31.7 4,850 14.4 33,630 Lincoln 16,840 44.6 13,562 35.9 6,714 17.8 612 1.6 37,728 London East 12,957 34.7 14,022 37.6 10,355 27.7 37,334 London West 20,611 34.9 29,474 50.0 8,914 15.1 58,999 Middlesex 20,615 46.3 17,244 38.7 6,643 14.9 44,502 Niagara Falls 15,701 40.6 14,978 38.7 7,705 19.9 270 0.7 38,654 Nickel Belt 3,817 12.5 12,101 39.7 14,033 46.0 534 1.8 30,485 Nipissing 10,812 36.0 12,451 41.5 6,276 20.9 457 1.5 29,996 Norfolk-Haldimand 21,214 54.7 14,106 36.4 3,116 8.0 339 0.9 38,775 Northumberland-Durham 17,385 45.2 14,594 37.9 6,504 16.9 38,483 Ontario 16,324 38.7 16,328 38.7 9,498 22.5 42,150 Oshawa-Whitby 22,933 40.4 10,027 17.6 23,757 41.8 98 0.2 56,815 Ottawa-Carleton 22,641 34.3 31,316 47.4 11,225 17.0 839 1.3 66,021 Ottawa Centre 12,899 35.2 14,101 38.5 9,195 25.1 237 0.6 177 36,609 Ottawa East 6,029 18.5 20,446 62.7 4,672 14.3 1,229 3.8 208 0.6 32,584 Ottawa West 22,169 40.8 18,423 33.9 13,498 24.8 245 0.5 54,335 Oxford 25,438 62.5 12,540 30.8 2,703 6.6 40,681 Parry Sound-Muskoka 14,297 47.5 8,828 29.3 6,983 23.2 30,108 Peel-Dufferin-Simcoe 25,663 45.7 20,759 37.0 9,061 16.1 205 0.4 482 0.9 56,170 Peel South 31,981 39.3 30,305 37.3 18,553 22.8 461 0.6 81,300 Perth-Wilmot 19,859 55.8 11,684 32.8 4,069 11.4 35,612 Peterborough 17,885 40.1 20,282 45.5 6,422 14.4 44,589 Port Arthur 6,027 22.2 14,351 52.9 6,756 24.9 27,134 Prince Edward-Hastings 19,842 59.5 10,353 31.0 3,168 9.5 33,363 Renfrew North-Nipissing East 8,440 33.5 13,553 53.8 3,177 12.6 25,170 Sarnia-Lambton 14,647 38.9 16,112 42.8 6,901 18.3 37,660 Sault Ste. Marie 9,603 27.4 12,639 36.1 12,803 36.5 35,045 St. Catherines 19,257 40.0 18,442 38.3 9,683 20.1 538 1.1 250 0.5 48,170 Simcoe North 22,145 47.9 15,038 32.6 9,016 19.5 46,199 Stormont-Dundas 1 12,364 37.5 3,108 9.4 17,485 53.1 32,597 Sudbury 5,913 13.5 24,091 55.1 13,748 31.4 43,752 Thunder Bay 5,095 22.7 11,048 49.2 6,309 28.1 22,452 Timiskaming 3,317 14.3 7,768 33.6 11,327 49.0 718 3.1 23,130 Timmins 2,997 12.3 10,804 44.3 9,819 40.3 770 3.2 24,390 Victoria-Haliburton 18,450 57.7 9,711 30.4 3,826 12.0 31,987 Waterloo 19,817 33.1 15,570 26.0 24,197 40.5 143 0.2 55 0.1 59,782 Welland 11,977 31.6 18,693 49.3 7,256 19.1 37,926 Wellington 20,730 53.1 11,022 28.2 7,050 18.1 241 0.6 39,043 Wellington-Grey-Dufferin- Waterloo 17,080 50.9 11,640 34.7 4,846 14.4 33,566 Windsor-Walkerville 7,208 18.3 17,298 43.8 14,662 37.1 317 0.8 39,485 Windsor West 5,441 14.9 17,966 49.2 13,110 35.9 36,517 231 : Ontario Table 9-15 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal _ NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total York North 25,844 39.7 28,123 43.2 11,065 17.0 65,032 York-Simcoe 22,957 45.7 19,178 38.2 8,046 16.0 50,181 Totals 1,078,713 40.0 1,021,258 37.9 561,188 20.8 12,269 0.5 23,940 0.2 2,697,368 Metropolitan Toronto Broadview 7,903 29.7 7,465 28.1 11,063 41.6 177 0.7 26,608 Davenport 6,442 30.1 9,366 43.7 5,272 24.6 350 1.6 21,430 Don Valley 30,764 50.8 24,629 40.7 5,110 8.4 60,503 Eglinton 17,819 41.8 19,389 45.5 5,245 12.3 132 0.3 42,585 Etobicoke 28,896 40.5 32,008 44.8 10,299 14.4 214 0.3 71,417 Greenwood 11,190 33.5 7,722 23.1 14,261 42.7 117 0.4 79 0.2 33,369 High Park-Humber Valley 18,329 42.4 16,426 38.0 8,197 18.9 327 0.8 43,279 Parkdale 8,990 32.2 12,214 43.8 6,478 23.2 201 0.7 27,883 Rosedale 14,856 40.7 16,073 44.0 4,598 12.6 987 2.7 36,514 St. Paul’s 15,676 42.1 14,848 39.9 4,376 11.8 87 0.2 2,225 6.0 37,212 Scarborough East 27,301 40.0 25,837 37.9 14,731 21.6 227 0.3 77 0.1 68,173 Scarborough West 12,539 30.4 13,635 33.0 15,028 36.4 103 0.2 41,305 Spadina 5,616 28.0 8,334 41.6 5,622 28.0 485 2.4 20,057 Toronto-Lakeshore 9,004 24.1 13,393 35.9 14,722 39.4 226 0.6 37,345 Trinity 8,518 40.5 8,334 39.6 3,725 17.7 464 2.2 21,041 York Centre 19,097 29.8 26,912 41.9 17,837 27.8 342 0.5 64,188 York East 18,729 39.1 18,039 37.7 10,876 22.7 217 0.6 47,861 York-Scarborough 37,368 40.1 39,219 42.1 16,584 17.8 93,171 York South 6,401 21.1 9,551 31.5 14,225 46.9 172 0.6 30,349 York West 14,997 26.6 22,270 39.5 18,639 33.1 237 0.4 251 0.4 56,394 Totals 320,435 36.4 345,664 39.2 206,888 23.5 668 0.1 7,029 0.8 880,684 Province Totals 1,399,148 39.1 1,366,922 38.2 768,076 21.5 12,937 0.4 30,969 0.9 3,578,052 Rejected 72,490 Total Vote Cast 3,650,542 Vote Cast for 'Other": Ridings (88) None = 23,071 27 Ind = 7,898 13 'This seat was won by a candidate who did not have a party designation. 232 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-16 Ontario—1974 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Algoma 5,136 23.5 11,360 52.0 5,240 24.0 100 0.5 21,836 Brant 9,228 20.0 17,410 37.6 19,453 42.1 158 0.3 46,249 Bruce 15,346 42.5 17,158 47.5 3,586 9.9 36,090 Cochrane 2,957 14.1 11,379 54.3 5,539 26.4 1,099 5.2 20,974 Elgin 15,851 47.0 13,349 39.6 4,373 13.0 126 0.4 33,699 Essex-Windsor 4,148 9.4 24,357 55.2 15,656 35.5 44,161 Fort William 6,129 21.7 13,789 48.8 8,094 28.7 221 0.8 28,233 Frontenac-Lennox and Addington 14,102 48.3 10,961 37.5 4,157 14.2 29,220 Glengarry-Prescott- Russell 6,595 21.6 18,478 60.5 5,484 17.9 30,557 Grenville-Carleton 33,946 54.4 22,803 36.5 5,679 9.1 62,428 Grey-Simcoe 15,917 46.4 13,235 38.6 4,490 13.1 678 2.0 34,320 Halton 21,609 41.5 23,520 45.2 6,887 13.2 52,016 Halton-Wentworth 26,798 43.4 26,130 42.3 8,877 14.4 61,805 Hamilton East 6,004 21.4 15,298 54.4 6,532 23.2 62 0.2 209 0.7 28,105 Hamilton Mountain 17,922 35.3 22,253 43.9 10,304 20.3 239 0.5 50,718 Hamilton-Wentworth 18,874 39.5 17,869 37.4 11,029 23.1 47,772 Hamilton West 15,421 45.2 13,162 38.6 4,890 14.3 363 1.1 255 0.7 34,091 Hastings 14,893 48.1 12,474 40.3 3,382 10.9 194 0.6 30,943 Huron-Middlesex 17,186 59.2 10,103 34.8 1,752 6.0 29,041 Kenora-Rainy River 7,821 34.0 10,319 44.8 4,894 21.2 23,034 Kent-Essex 14,641 40.7 17,800 49.4 3,558 9.9 35,999 Kingston and the Islands 17,839 46.2 13,943 36.1 6,870 17.8 38,652 Kitchener 15,975 33.2 21,091 43.8 10,859 22.5 258 0.5 48,183 Lambton-Kent 14,315 48.4 12,483 42.2 2,764 9.3 29,562 Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton 18,242 52.6 13,009 37.5 3,428 9.9 34,679 Leeds 17,744 53.4 10,845 32.6 4,659 14.0 33,248 Lincoln 14,221 36.6 17,499 45.0 6,548 16.8 611 1.6 38,879 London East 9,029 24.7 18,429 50.3 8,949 24.4 200 0.5 36,607 London West 17,893 31.2 32,188 56.1 7,142 12.4 170 0.3 57,393 Middlesex-London- Lambton 17,905 40.5 20,703 46.9 5,382 12.2 180 0.4 44,170 Mississauga 34,080 39.1 38,517 44.2 14,276 16.4 340 0.4 87,213 Niagara Falls 12,225 31.6 20,618 53.3 5,607 14.5 254 0.7 38,704 Nickel Belt 4,371 12.3 13,451 37.9 17,668 49.8 35,490 Nipissing 8,609 28.1 16,549 54.0 5,477 17.9 30,635 Norfolk-Haldimand 17,867 48.4 15,604 42.3 3,426 9.3 36,897 Northumberland-Durham 16,824 43.3 14,896 38.3 7,136 18.4 38,856 Ontario 15,590 36.8 20,096 47.5 6,649 15.7 42,335 Oshawa-Whitby 11,412 22.2 14,783 28.8 25,013 48.7 191 0.4 51,399 Ottawa-Carleton 27,588 38.3 38,463 53.4 6,014 8.3 72,065 Ottawa Centre 12,138 34.4 15,308 43.3 6,739 19.1 139 0.4 1,002 2.8 35,326 Ottawa-Vanier 5,603 17.6 21,773 68.3 3,298 10.3 976 3.1 221 0.7 31,871 Ottawa West 21,838 41.4 23,604 44.8 6,480 12.3 192 0.4 577 1.1 52,691 Oxford 18,934 46.4 17,506 42.9 4,398 10.8 40,838 233 : Ontario Table 9-16 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Parry Sound-Muskoka 14,030 44.2 11,499 36.3 6,178 19.5 31,707 Peel-Dufferin-Simcoe 22,754 38.7 27,299 46.5 8,264 14.1 271 0.5 153 0.3 58,741 Perth-Wilmot 17,636 50.2 13,997 39.8 3,503 10.0 35,136 Peterborough 14,891 33.1 23,865 53.1 6,171 13.7 44,927 Port Arthur 3,322 12.5 14,523 54.5 8,591 32.2 218 0.8 26,654 Prince Edward-Hastings Renfrew North-Nipissing 19,219 53.8 12,504 35.0 3,727 10.4 277 0.8 35,727 East 7,561 28.4 14,613 55.0 4,419 16.6 26,593 Sarnia-Lambton 9,579 26.0 20,661 56.2 6,217 16.9 329 0.9 36,786 Sault Ste. Marie 3,098 8.2 15,490 41.1 19,044 50.5 76 0.2 37,708 St. Catherines 16,402 33.7 22,528 46.2 9,147 18.8 443 0.9 198 0.4 48,718 Simcoe North 18,950 40.2 17,068 36.2 10,502 22.3 267 0.6 330 0.7 47,117 Stormont-Dundas 13,895 40.2 18,047 52.3 2,587 7.5 34,529 Sudbury 7,646 17.2 23,374 52.6 13,200 29.7 210 0.5 44,430 Thunder Bay 4,021 19.2 11,435 54.6 5,475 26.2 20,931 Timiskaming 4,615 21.0 6,598 30.0 10,263 46.7 492 2.2 21,968 Timmins 4,098 16.2 12,904 51.1 7,681 30.4 472 1.9 90 0.4 25,245 Victoria-Haliburton 17,570 53.5 11,002 33.5 4,245 12.9 32,817 Waterloo-Cambridge 17,394 28.4 18,034 29.4 25,479 41.6 253 0.4 122 0.2 61,282 Welland 9,107 24.2 21,228 56.5 6,983 18.6 238 0.6 37,556 Wellington Wellington-Grey-Dufferin- 14,099 35.9 18,171 46.2 6,165 15.7 863 2.2 39,298 Waterloo 17,253 50.7 12,500 36.7 4,297 12.6 34,050 Windsor-Walkerville 6,752 16.9 19,009 47.7 13,825 34.7 255 0.6 39,841 Windsor West 4,466 12.8 19,474 56.0 10,630 30.6 222 0.6 34,792 York North 26,386 38.5 34,179 49.8 7,669 11.2 364 0.5 68,598 York-Simcoe 23,591 47.0 18,927 37.7 7,630 15.2 50,148 Totals 959,101 35.4 1,213,494 44.7 524,530 19.3 6,157 0.2 9,188 0.3 2,712,470 Metropolitan Toronto Broadview 5,617 23.9 8,158 34.7 9,392 39.9 366 1.6 23,533 Davenport 4,542 22.0 12,294 59.6 3,476 16.8 320 1.6 20,632 Don Valley 29,180 50.7 23,802 41.4 4,104 7.1 416 0.7 57,502 Eglinton 16,812 41.1 19,951 48.8 3,798 9.3 307 0.8 40,868 Etobicoke 28,193 38.2 37,847 51.3 7,337 10.0 347 0.5* 73,724 Greenwood 9,589 30.1 10,922 34.3 11,038 34.7 76 0.2 196 0.6 31,821 High Park-Humber Valley 17,389 42.7 17,134 42.0 5,811 14.3 434 1.1 40,768 Parkdale 7,133 28.4 13,134 52.3 4.479 17.8 371 1.5 25,117 Rosedale 14,119 40.3 17,227 49.1 3,285 9.4 431 1.2 35,062 St. Paul's 15,010 42.4 16,124 45.5 3,913 11.1 359 1.0 35,406 Scarborough East 23,585 36.1 30,586 46.8 10,772 16.5 173 0.3 268 0.4 65,384 Scarborough West 11,339 30.2 13,702 36.5 12,298 32.8 150 0.4 37,489 Spadina 3,989 23.0 9,393 54.2 3,536 20.4 414 2.4 17,332 Toronto-Lakeshore 8,475 23.9 14,241 40.1 12,584 35.4 213 0.6 35,513 Trinity 6,537 32.3 10,683 52.8 2,637 13.0 388 1.9 20,245 234 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-16 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total York Centre 15,877 24.9 32,402 50.7 14,992 23.5 169 0.3 443 0.7 63,883 York East 17,593 36.3 20,682 42.7 9,818 20.2 399 0.8 48,492 York-Scarborough 38,711 39.4 47,450 48.3 11,552 11.8 575 0.6 98,288 York South 5,557 19.2 12,485 43.1 10,622 36.7 302 1.0 28,966 York West 13,734 25.9 28,075 52.9 10,139 19.1 1,094 2.1 53,042 Totals 292,981 34.3 396,292 46.5 155,583 18.2 418 0 7,793 0.9 853,067 Province Totals 1,252,082 35.1 1,609,786 45.1 680,113 19.1 6,575 0.2 16,981 0.5 3,565,537 Rejected 16,230 Total Vote Cast 3,581,767 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. = 5,232 Comm. = 4,706 None = 3,689 M.-L. = 3,354 Ridings (88) 26 33 9 37 Table 9-17 Ontario—1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma 7,531 22.2 15,277 45.0 10,989 32.4 121 0.4 33,918 Brampton-Georgetown 31,042 47.6 22,270 34.1 11,584 17.8 365 0.6 65,261 Brant 15,422 31.1 13,154 26.5 20,908 42.2 93 0.2 49,577 Bruce-Grey 21,219 52.4 14,314 35.4 4,723 11.7 223 0.6 40,479 Burlington 32,225 56.8 16,100 28.4 7,999 14.1 427 0.8 56,751 Cambridge 16,337 43.5 9,903 26.4 11,085 29.5 150 0.4 78 0.2 37,553 Cochrane 5,001 17.3 12,889 44.5 11,070 38.2 28,960 Durham-Northumberland 21,502 52.4 10,748 26.2 8,393 20.5 396 1.0 41,039 Elgin 21,181 61.0 9,273 26.7 4,293 12.4 34,747 Erie 15,500 45.8 11,175 33.0 6,985 20.6 180 0.5 33,840 Essex-Kent 13,181 40.7 14,457 44.6 4,759 14.7 32,397 Essex-Windsor Glengarry-Prescott- 6,875 14.9 20,373 44.3 18,603 40.4 144 0.3 45,995 Russell 10,112 24.4 27,106 65.3 4,164 10.0 107 0.3 41,489 Grey-Simcoe 20,825 54.7 11,191 29.4 5,576 14.7 165 0.4 285 0.7 38,042 Guelph 18,149 42.0 16,203 37.5 8,535 19.7 364 0.8 43,251 Haldimand-Norfolk 22,655 49.6 15,990 35.0 6,762 14.8 309 0.7 45,716 Halton 28,850 53.3 17,169 31.7 7,838 14.5 297 0.5 54,154 Hamilton East 11,642 30.4 14,579 38.1 11,783 30.8 243 0.6 38,247 Hamilton Mountain 21,348 41.8 17,334 33.9 12,273 24.0 170 0.3 51,125 Hamilton-Wentworth 22,369 52.8 11,343 26.8 8,550 20.2 69 0.2 42,331 Hamilton West 19,661 46.4 13,859 32.7 8,512 20.1 299 0.7 42,331 Hastings-Frontenac 17,537 50.4 11,176 32.1 5,691 16.3 417 1.2 34,821 Huron-Bruce 21,122 59.2 11,818 33.1 2,729 7.7 35,669 235 : Ontario Table 9-17 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Kenora-Rainy River 10,555 31.5 11,793 35.2 10,844 32.3 253 0.8 99 0.3 33,544 Kent 18,007 51.8 11,713 33.7 5,047 14.5 34,767 Kingston and the Islands 21,277 47.7 14,866 33.3 8,472 19.0 44,615 Kitchener 23,230 44.8 16,900 32.6 11,345 21.9 378 0.7 51,853 Lambton-Middlesex 18,770 48.5 15,335 39.6 4,585 11.9 38,690 Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton 24,277 59.9 10,485 25.9 5,749 14.2 40,511 Leeds-Grenville 24,127 56.8 11,797 27.8 6,551 15.4 42,475 Lincoln 19,612 40.7 15,026 31.2 13,400 27.8 151 0.3 48,189 London East 13,386 34.9 16,331 42.5 8,531 22.2 135 0.4 38,383 London-Middlesex 14,339 38.6 13,714 36.9 8,855 23.8 241 0.6 37,149 London West 24,746 41.5 25,258 42.4 9,378 15.7 231 0.4 59,613 Mississauga North 30,531 44.4 26,881 39.1 11,002 16.0 341 0.5 68,755 Mississauga South 26,802 48.9 18,710 34.1 8,869 16.2 414 0.8 54,795 Nepean-Carleton 36,717 59.6 17,108 27.8 7,810 12.7 61,635 Niagara Falls 16,916 41.9 15,545 38.5 7,757 19.2 135 0.3 40,353 Nickel Belt 7,308 17.8 15,799 38.6 17,772 43.4 103 0.3 40,982 Nipissing 12,987 38.4 15,184 44.9 5,681 16.8 33,852 Northumberland 22,536 59.5 10,200 26.9 5,150 13.6 37,886 Ontario 22,583 45.1 15,730 31.4 11,510 23.0 232 0.5 50,055 Oshawa 18,369 32.4 9,099 16.0 29,090 51.3 189 0.3 56,747 Ottawa-Carleton 26,758 38.8 33,972 49.3 8,234 11.9 68,964 Ottawa Centre 18,728 37.9 19,758 40.0 10,213 20.7 659 1.3 49,358 Ottawa-Vanier 9,265 20.8 28,098 63.1 7,023 15.8 159 0.4 44,545 Ottawa West 24.981 45.2 22,985 41.6 7,051 12.8 193 0.3 55,210 Oxford 23,592 55.2 12,935 30.3 5,980 14.0 227 0.5 42,734 Parry Sound-Muskoka 19,223 52.6 11,070 30.3 6,270 17.1 36,563 Perth 19,019 58.5 9,255 28.5 4,255 13.1 32,529 Peterborough 22,195 44.5 18,288 36.6 8,451 16.9 984 2.0 49,918 Prince Edward-Hastings Renfrew-Nipissing- 21,088 53.3 12,394 31.3 5,833 14.7 261 0.7 39,576 Pembroke 13,781 33.4 20,286 49.2 7,133 17.3 41,200 St. Catherines 23,444 46.3 14,990 29.6 11,897 23.5 337 0.7 50,668 Sarnia 15,990 40.0 13,872 34.7 10,148 25.4 40,010 Sault Ste. Marie 8,668 26.7 11,574 35.7 12,089 37.3 117 0.4 32,448 Simcoe North 19,388 46.4 11,099 26.6 11,284 27.0 41,771 Simcoe South 25,483 54.8 12,687 27.3 8,307 17.9 46,477 Stormont-Dundas 17,575 40.2 20,581 47.1 5,568 12.7 43,724 Sudbury 5,656 13.6 20,634 49.5 14,252 34.2 1,117 2.7 41,659 Thunder Bay-Atitokan 10,392 30.4 11,921 34.9 11,667 34.1 205 0.6 34,185 Thunder Bay-Nipigon 7,749 22.2 15,674 44.9 11,288 32.3 224 0.6 34,935 Timiskaming 6,036 21.2 10,900 38.2 11,595 40.6 28,531 Timmins-Chapleau 7,819 24.8 13,577 43.0 10,160 32.2 31,556 Victoria-Haliburton 26,624 58.3 12,004 26.3 6,872 15.1 149 0.3 45,649 Waterloo 23,837 46.1 18,172 35.1 9,375 18.1 366 0.7 51,750 Welland 15,527 36.1 16,025 37.2 11,151 25.9 363 0.8 43,066 236 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-17 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Wellington-Dufferin- Simcoe 25,807 61.8 11,202 26.8 4,744 11.4 Windsor-Walkerville 7,265 17.8 17,561 43.0 15,744 38.5 273 0.7 Windsor West 5,869 16.8 16,943 48.6 11,906 34.1 176 0.5 York North 29,011 48.9 21,990 37.1 7,591 12.8 746 1.3 York-Peel 29,081 56.6 14,108 27.5 7,725 15.0 441 0.9 Totals 1,338,212 42.6 1,119,730 35.7 665,008 21.2 877 0.0 13,924 0.4 Metropolitan Toronto Beaches 12,840 34.5 11,232 30.2 12,321 33.1 788 2.1 Broadview-G reenwood 9,987 30.1 9,290 28.0 13,187 39.7 740 2.2 Davenport 4,090 17.9 12,760 55.8 5,579 24.4 421 1.8 Don Valley East 25,352 47.2 21,428 39.9 6,595 12.3 357 0.7 Don Valley West 28,427 54.1 18,117 34.5 5,572 10.6 439 0.8 Eglinton-Lawrence 17,605 39.2 19,270 42.9 7,368 16.4 696 1.5 Etobicoke Centre 31,498 51.3 23,141 37.7 6,237 10.2 476 0.8 Etobicoke-Lakeshore 15,044 32.9 15,791 34.6 14,265 31.2 590 1.3 Etobicoke North 18,886 36.5 20,534 39.7 12,017 23.2 337 0.7 Parkdale-High Park 15,207 37.5 15,281 37.7 9,539 23.5 531 1.3 Rosedale 18,594 47.3 12,987 33.0 6,902 17.5 865 2.2 St. Paul’s 19,161 44.1 17,949 41.3 5,779 13.3 568 1.3 Scarborough Centre 18,688 43.4 14,323 33.3 9,533 22.2 486 1.1 Scarborough East 21,381 46.7 16,002 34.9 8,190 17.9 232 0.5 Scarborough West 15,697 36.4 13,523 31.4 13,437 31.2 427 1.0 Spadina 7,213 24.8 12,542 43.2 8,765 30.2 534 1.8 Trinity 4,843 22.7 10,206 47.9 5,504 25.9 739 3.5 Willowdale 22,238 44.8 19,848 40.0 7,128 14.3 462 0.9 York Centre 8,856 21.8 20,859 51.3 10,464 25.7 470 1.2 York East 20,372 41.9 19,091 39.3 8,651 17.8 125 0.3 363 0.7 York-Scarborough 36,718 45.2 32,699 40.3 10,978 13.5 819 1.0 York South-Weston 11,236 30.3 14,913 40.2 10,451 28.2 453 1.2 York West 10,572 27.0 18,410 47.0 9,712 24.8 451 1.2 Totals 394,505 41.8 390,196 38.8 208,174 20.7 125 0.0 12,244 1.2 Province Totals 1,732,717 41.8 1,509,926 36.5 873,182 21.1 1,002 0.0 26,168 0.6 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (95) Libert. = 13,377 47 M.-L. = 4,521 62 Ind. = 3,992 18 Comm. = 3,266 28 None = 634 5 Rhino = 378 3 Total 41,753 40,843 34,894 59,338 51,355 3,137,751 37,181 33,204 22,850 53,732 52,555 44,939 61,352 45,690 51,774 40,558 39,348 43,457 43,030 45,805 43,084 29,054 21,292 49,676 40,649 48,602 81,214 37,053 39,145 1,005,244 4,142,995 21,507 4,164,502 237 : Ontario Table 9-18 Ontario—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma 5,633 16.3 17,432 50.5 11,262 32.7 162 0.5 34,489 Brampton-Georgetown 25,243 40.5 24,876 39.9 11,978 19.2 305 0.5 62,402 Brant 14,614 31.3 12,725 27.3 19,194 41.1 103 0.2 44 0.1 46,680 Bruce-Grey 18,326 47.3 15,735 40.6 4,391 11.3 299 0.8 38,751 Burlington 27,212 50.8 17,574 32.8 8,421 15.7 404 0.8 53,611 Cambridge 14,314 39.4 10,531 29.0 11,346 31.2 103 0.3 82 0.2 36,376 Cochrane 2,852 9.8 15,280 52.6 10,814 37.2 116 0.4 29,062 Durham-Northumberland 17,587 45.1 11,587 29.7 9,453 24.2 390 1.0 39,017 Elgin 16,845 49.8 12,410 36.7 4,508 13.3 57 0.2 33,820 Erie 12,861 40.0 12,334 38.4 6,848 21.3 105 0.3 32,148 Essex-Kent 9,930 31.1 16,898 53.0 5,083 15.9 31,911 Essex-Windsor 4,184 8.7 24,651 51.3 19,123 39.8 103 0.2 48,061 Glengarry-Prescott- Russell 8,113 19.7 28,189 68.5 4,781 11.6 90 0.2 41,173 Grey-Simcoe 16,488 46.1 12,553 35.1 6,236 17.4 93 0.3 404 1.1 35,774 Guelph 16,539 37.6 17,268 39.2 9,765 22.2 473 1.1 44,045 Haldimand-Norfolk 18,600 42.0 18,461 41.7 6,937 15.7 284 0.6 44,282 Halton 24,752 46.8 19,380 36.6 8,455 16.0 330 0.6 52,917 Hamilton East 8,587 23.3 15,430 41.8 12,627 34.2 264 0.7 36,908 Hamilton Mountain 16,208 32.5 15,873 31.8 17,700 35.5 122 0.2 49,903 Hamilton-Wentworth 18,918 45.0 13,704 32.6 9,392 22.3 46 0.1 42,060 Hamilton West 15,500 38.6 14,929 37.1 9,330 23.2 443 1.1 40,202 Hastings-Frontenac 14,211 42.3 13,132 39.1 5,895 17.6 342 1.0 33,580 Huron-Bruce 16,520 47.5 14,364 41.3 3,864 11.1 34,748 Kenora-Rainy River 5,571 16.1 14,688 42.3 14,322 41.3 120 0.3 34,701 Kent 14,293 40.6 15,140 43.0 5,758 16.4 35,191 Kingston and the Islands 18,146 41.8 17,039 39.3 7,830 18.0 373 0.9 43,388 Kitchener 17,990 36.2 19,502 39.3 11,494 23.2 660 1.3 49,646 Lambton-Middlesex 16,274 42.9 17,081 45.0 4,617 12.2 37,972 Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton 20,487 54.6 11,817 31.5 4,948 13.2 247 0.7 37,499 Leeds-Grenville 19,800 51.2 12,260 31.7 6,600 17.1 38,660 Lincoln 16,741 35.0 17,449 36.5 13,500 28.2 133 0.3 47,823 London East 11,031 29.7 17,861 48.0 8,055 21.7 228 0.6 37,175 London-Middlesex 11,897 32.6 15,682 43.0 8,672 23.8 203 0.6 36,454 London West 25,031 40.8 27,118 44.2 8,817 14.4 418 0.7 61,384 Missisauga North 25,739 37.9 30,000 44.2 11,729 17.3 380 0.6 67,848 Missisauga South 21,480 41.4 21,077 40.6 8,711 16.8 624 1.2 51,892 Nepean-Carleton 31,498 53.5 19,482 33.1 7,187 12.2 658 1.1 58,825 Niagara Falls 14,251 36.9 15,871 41.1 8,167 21.2 221 0.6 61 0.2 38,571 Nickel Belt 4,250 10.2 19,805 47.5 17,529 42.1 89 0.2 41,673 Nipissing 11,661 35.8 16,394 50.3 4,515 13.9 32,570 Northumberland 17,860 48.4 13,925 37.7 5,108 13.8 36,893 Ontario 19,963 40.9 15,494 31.7 12,812 26.2 566 1.2 48,835 Oshawa 14,645 28.3 10,129 19.5 26,761 51.6 288 0.6 51,823 Ottawa-Carleton 22,384 34.2 34,960 53.5 7,788 11.9 235 0.4 65,367 Ottawa Centre 17,181 36.4 21,659 45.9 7,529 16.0 818 1.7 47,187 238 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-18 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Ottawa-Vanier 7,379 17.8 27,564 66.5 5,721 13.8 785 1.9 41,449 Ottawa West 21,940 43.2 22,460 44.3 5,955 11.7 398 0.8 50,753 Oxford 19,382 45.9 15,546 36.8 6,885 16.3 411 1.0 42,224 Parry Sound-Muskoka 14,333 42.1 12,149 35.6 7,603 22.3 34,085 Perth 15,172 47.5 12,077 37.8 4,635 14.5 56 0.2 31,940 Peterborough 19,417 40.2 17,202 35.7 10,776 22.3 848 1.8 48,243 Prince Edward-Hastings 16,893 45.9 12,821 34.8 6,889 18.7 211 0.6 36,814 Renfrew-Nipissing- Pembroke 12,966 32.7 20,529 51.7 6,200 15.6 39,695 St. Catherines 18,622 37.9 17,173 34.9 13,006 26.5 341 0.7 49,142 Sarnia 13,986 34.9 16,275 40.6 9,809 24.4 52 0.1 40,122 Sault Ste. Marie 4,161 12.9 15,449 48.0 12,542 38.9 59 0.2 32,211 Simcoe North 14,874 36.4 14,808 36.3 11,139 27.3 40,821 Simcoe South 19,768 43.5 16,174 35.6 9,474 20.9 45,416 Stormont-Dundas 15,089 36.0 22,251 53.0 4,629 11.0 41,969 Sudbury 4,661 11.8 21,954 55.7 12,280 31.2 522 1.3 39,417 Thunder Bay-Atitokan 7,225 21.4 13,234 39.2 13,150 39.0 122 0.4 33,731 Thunder Bay-Nipigon 5,865 16.5 16,592 46.6 12,950 36.4 177 0.5 35,584 Timiskaming 4,901 18.3 11,135 41.6 10,661 39.8 93 0.3 26,790 Timmins-Chapleau 3,663 12.2 15,628 51.9 10,745 35.7 57 0.2 30,093 Victoria-Haliburton 20,308 48.4 12,388 29.5 8,884 21.2 367 0.9 41,947 Waterloo 20,609 40.0 20,455 39.7 9,819 19.1 646 1.3 51,529 Welland 11,292 27.3 18,112 43.8 11,729 28.4 173 0.4 41,306 Wellington-Dufferin- Simcoe 21,205 53.8 12,104 30.7 5,966 15.1 162 0.4 39,437 Windsor-Walkerville 4,581 11.4 20,869 52.0 14,460 36.0 209 0.5 40,119 Windsor West 4,107 12.2 19,755 58.5 9,785 29.0 121 0.4 33,768 York North 26,039 43.5 24,281 40.6 8,933 14.9 593 1.0 59,846 York-Peel 23,955 47.1 17,303 34.0 8,708 17.1 906 1.8 50,872 Totals 1,094,603 36.0 1,246,037 41.0 683,185 22.5 804 0 17,991 0.6 3,042,620 Metropolitan Toronto Beaches 11,179 31.4 11,119 31.3 12,675 35.6 591 1.7 35,564 Broadview-Greenwood 7,677 23.9 10,601 33.0 12,953 40.4 858 2.7 32,089 Davenport 3,167 13.6 14,545 62.4 5,170 22.2 419 1.8 23,301 Don Valley East 21,119 42.9 21,944 44.6 5,713 11.6 424 0.9 49,200 Don Valley West 25,260 51.8 18,430 37.8 4,702 9.6 407 0.8 48,799 Eglinton-Lawrence 13,985 33.8 20,861 50.5 6,077 14.7 414 1.0 41,337 Etobicoke Centre 26,969 47.1 23,715 41.4 6,181 10.8 396 0.7 57,261 Etobicoke-Lakeshore 13,209 30.1 17,903 40.8 12,405 28.3 335 0.8 43,852 Etobicoke North 15,954 31.9 23,243 46.4 10,237 20.4 648 1.3 50,082 Parkdale-High Park 12,116 32.1 17,213 45.6 8,094 21.4 361 1.0 37,784 Rosedale 16,862 44.0 14,993 39.1 5,698 14.9 807 2.1 38,360 St. Paul's 15,643 39.5 17,905 45.3 5,301 13.4 716 1.8 39,565 Scarborough Centre 14,995 36.4 16,595 40.3 9,237 22.4 335 0.8 41,162 Scarborough East 17,658 40.5 17,147 39.3 8,533 19.6 241 0.6 43,579 239 : Ontario Table 9-18 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Scarborough West 12,744 31.3 14,316 35.1 13,146 32.2 559 1.4 40,765 Spadina 5,929 20.9 13,280 46.8 8,232 29.0 944 3.3 28,385 Trinity 3,695 16.8 12,628 57.5 5,005 22.8 628 2.9 21,956 Willowdale 17,527 37.4 22,235 47.4 6,889 14.7 216 0.5 46,867 York Centre 6,736 17.8 23,116 61.0 7,696 20.3 370 1.0 37,918 York East 16,672 36.3 20,580 44.8 7,997 17.4 638 1.4 45,887 York Scarborough 30,925 37.8 39,208 47.9 10,939 13.4 767 0.9 81,839 York South 8,711 24.9 16,520 47.2 9,280 26.5 480 1.4 34,991 York West 7,101 18.8 21,385 56.8 8,884 23.6 308 0.8 37,678 Totals 325,833 41.8 429,482 44.8 191,044 19.9 11,862 1.2 958,221 Province Totals Rejected Total Vote Cast 1,420,436 35.5 1,675,519 41.9 874,229 21.9 804 0 29,853 0.7 4,000,841 17,260 4,018,101 Vote Cast for “Other": Libert. = 12,847 Rhino = 6,666 M.-L. = 4,477 Ridings (95) 47 18 70 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (95) Comm. = 2,210 22 None 1,862 13 Ind. = 1,791 13 Table 9-19 Ontario—1984 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Algoma 12,811 34.7 14,113 38.3 9,499 25.7 462 1.3 36,885 Brampton-Georgetown 47,743 56.1 23,325 27.4 13,356 15.7 611 0.7 85,035 Brant 21,679 41.5 7,286 13.9 23,103 44.2 207 0.4 52,275 Bruce-Grey 27,611 64.7 9,931 23.3 5,112 12.0 42,654 Burlington 37,577 61.9 11,406 18.8 11,687 19,3 60,670 Cambridge 22,963 60.2 5,545 14.5 9,171 24.0 455 1.2 38,134 Cochrane-Superior 9,590 32.4 12,359 41.7 7,672 25.9 29,621 Durham-Northumberland 24,968 59.3 8,740 20.8 7,805 18.5 564 1.3 42,077 Elgin 23,302 67.1 6,797 19.6 4,646 13.4 . 34,745 Erie 19,197 55.8 9,316 27.1 5,868 17.1 34,381 Essex-Kent 18,661 58.0 9,268 28.8 4,234 13.2 32,163 Essex-Windsor Glengarry-Prescott- 15,073 31.6 13,866 29.1 18,746 39.3 47,685 Russell 16,170 33.0 26,057 53.1 6,838 13.9 49,065 Grey-Simcoe 23,342 59.8 9,369 24.0 6,001 15.4 337 0.9 39,049 Guelph 23,484 49.9 13,757 29.2 9,153 19.5 657 1.4 47,051 Haldimand-Norfolk 27,296 59.0 12,161 26.3 6,138 13.3 656 1.4 46,251 Halton 38,076 60.6 14,125 22.5 9,164 14.6 1,494 2.4 62,859 Hamilton East 11,711 30.5 14,533 37.9 11,872 30.9 102 0.3 146 0.4 38,364 Hamilton Mountain 17,004 32.4 9,514 18.1 25,789 49.2 133 0.3 52,440 Hamilton-Wentworth 25,595 52.0 14,193 28.8 8,836 18.0 593 1.2 49,217 Hamilton West 16,573 40.4 12,379 30.2 11,508 28.0 592 1.4 41,052 240 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-19 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Hastings-Frontenac- Lennox and Addington 19,996 56.3 9,757 27.5 5,349 15.0 441 1.2 35,543 Huron-Bruce 23,969 64.8 8,802 23.8 4,075 11.0 158 0.4 37,004 Kenora-Rainy River 12,699 35.3 9,928 27.6 13,319 37.1 35,946 Kent 18,279 48.8 13,027 34.8 6,138 16.4 37,444 Kingston and the Islands 25,997 55.1 13,087 27.7 5,950 12.6 2,146 4.5 47,180 Kitchener 26,710 46.8 16,130 28.3 13,873 24.3 306 0.5 57,019 Lambton-Middlesex 22,501 54.6 13,888 33.7 4,826 11.7 41,215 Lanark-Renfrew-Carleton 24,395 53.8 15,528 34.2 5,310 11.7 139 0.3 45,372 Leeds-Grenville 26,961 61.5 10,222 23.3 6,121 14.0 538 1.2 43,842 Lincoln 26,318 48.6 14,646 27.1 11,888 22.0 120 0.2 637 1.2 54,126 London East 18,154 47.2 9,948 25.9 10,324 26.9 38,426 London-Middlesex 18,586 47.0 11,202 28.3 9,753 24.7 39,541 London West 34,517 51.4 21,701 32.3 10,911 16.3 67,129 Mississauga North 47,124 49.5 33,203 34.9 13,823 14.5 1,044 1.1 95,194 Mississauga South 32,946 56.4 16,874 28.9 8,584 14.7 58,404 Nepean-Carleton 41,663 55.9 20,852 28.0 11,035 14.8 941 1.3 74,491 Niagara Falls 22,852 55.1 8,219 19.8 9,863 23.8 177 0.4 352 0.8 41,463 Nickel Belt 13,857 31.2 13,124 29.6 17,141 38.6 288 0.6 44,410 Nipissing 17,247 47.2 14,558 39.8 4,735 13.0 36,540 Northumberland 24,060 62.3 9,534 24.7 4,633 12.0 400 1.0 38,627 Ontario 35,163 56.1 14,519 23.2 12,995 20.7 62,677 Oshawa 23,028 38.8 10,719 18.1 25,092 42.3 481 0.8 59,320 Ottawa-Carleton 34,693 44.7 30,747 39.7 10,760 13.9 1,339 1.7 77,539 Ottawa Centre 17,790 34.3 15,380 29.6 17,844 34.4 905 1.7 51,919 Ottawa-Vanier 12,571 28.8 21,401 49.1 9,364 21.5 265 0.6 43,601 Ottawa West 26,591 48.8 19,314 35.4 8,304 15.2 285 0.5 54,494 Oxford 25,642 57.1 12,884 28.7 6,077 13.5 322 0.7 44,925 Parry Sound-Muskoka 22,739 57.2 9,555 24.1 7,113 17.9 316 0.8 39,723 Perth 19,186 54.9 10,155 29.1 5,599 16.0 34,940 Peterborough 27,121 52.7 11,737 22.8 10,648 20.7 1,963 3.8 51,469 Prince Edward-Hastings Renfrew-Nipissing- 21,034 54.3 10,321 26.7 7,162 18.5 197 0.5 38,714 Pembroke 19,464 45.0 19,502 45.1 4,253 9.8 43,219 St. Catherines 26,621 49.7 9,890 18.5 16,397 30.6 108 0.2 514 1.0 53,530 Sarnia-Lambton 24,066 54.6 11,313 25.7 8,538 19.4 141 0.3 44,058 Sault Ste. Marie 13,135 38.6 9,972 29.3 10,726 31.5 198 0.6 34,031 Simcoe North 24,887 55.0 12,062 26.6 7,742 17.1 591 1.3 45,282 Simcoe South 30,702 58.0 13,906 26.3 8,283 15.7 52,891 Stormont-Dundas 21,043 46.0 18,821 41.2 5,869 12.8 45,733 Sudbury 14,100 32.3 18,012 41.3 11,185 25.6 316 0.7 43,613 Thunder Bay-Atitokan 12,040 34.0 8,704 24.5 14,715 41.5 35,459 Thunder Bay-Nipigon 10,601 28.3 12,736 34.0 13,901 37.2 180 0.5 37,418 Timiskaming 15,359 53.9 6,308 22.1 6,685 23.5 151 0.5 28,503 Timmins-Chapleau 11,944 37.5 10,273 32.2 9,543 29.9 127 0.4 31,887 Victoria-Haliburton 30,229 60.9 10,032 20.2 8,682 17.5 663 1.3 49,606 Waterloo 31,898 56.3 13,911 24.6 10,275 18.2 525 0.9 56,609 Welland 18,418 42.0 14,481 33.0 10,508 24.0 429 1.0 43,836 241 : Ontario Table 9-19 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Wellington-Dufferin- Simcoe 29,983 68.5 7,303 16.7 6,468 14.8 43,754 Windsor-Walkerville 13,546 34.1 11,574 29.1 14,604 36.8 39,724 Windsor West 8,158 24.3 13,624 40.5 11,503 34.2 316 0.9 33,601 York North 1 27,955 31.7 18,034 20.4 10,077 11.4 32,200 36.5 88,266 York-Peel 37,493 62.2 12,538 20.8 9,353 15.5 917 1.5 60,301 Totals 1,666,457 49.5 961,998 28.6 714,114 21.2 865 0 57,280 1.7 3,400,714 Metropolitan Toronto Beaches 12,443 33.9 8,155 22.2 14,914 40.6 1,205 3.3 36,717 Broadview-Greenwood 11,455 34.7 6,060 18.3 15,066 45.6 463 1.4 33,044 Davenport 5,217 21.1 13,248 53.7 5,548 22.5 673 2.7 24,686 Don Valley East 29,706 54.4 18,578 34.0 5,842 10.7 518 0.9 54,644 Don Valley West 29,905 59.9 12,855 25.8 6,570 13.2 577 1.2 49,907 Eglinton-Lawrence 17,476 40.3 18,645 43.0 6,458 14.9 800 1.8 43,379 Etobicoke Centre 34,026 56.8 17,853 29.8 7,657 12.8 339 0.6 59,875 Etobicoke-Lakeshore 19,902 44.8 13,455 30.3 10,549 23.7 533 1.2 44,439 Etobicoke North 22,713 40.5 21,840 38.9 11,136 19.8 417 0.7 56,106 Parkdale-High Park 15,879 40.2 14,419 36.5 8,232 20.9 945 2.4 39,475 Rosedale 23,211 52.8 11,488 26.1 7,836 17.8 1,428 3.2 43,963 St. Paul's 20,914 47.6 16,659 37.9 5,545 12.6 859 2.0 43,977 Scarborough Centre 19,968 46.7 14,229 33.3 8,240 19.3 345 0.8 42,782 Scarborough East 26,349 55.6 13,325 28.1 6,422 13.6 1,294 2.7 47,390 Scarborough West 17,028 40.9 12,230 29.4 11,436 27.5 922 2.2 41,616 Spadina 8,061 23.8 11,880 35.0 13,241 39.0 745 2.2 33,927 Trinity 5,120 22.7 9,811 43.6 6,712 29.8 864 3.8 22,507 Willowdale 22,425 43.5 22,063 42.8 6,711 13.0 329 0.6 51,528 York Centre 11,138 27.4 20,810 51.2 8,037 19.8 673 1.7 40,658 York East 21,978 47.3 16,519 35.5 7,581 16.3 414 0.9 46,492 York-Scarborough 48,809 48.6 35,869 35.7 13,260 13.2 2,437 2.4 100,375 York South-Weston 10,789 28.6 14,217 37.7 11,679 31.0 981 2.6 37,666 York West 12,218 30.9 17,629 44.6 8,718 22.0 999 2.5 39,564 Totals 446,730 43.2 361,837 35.0 207,390 20.0 18,760 1.8 1,034,717 Province Totals 2,113,187 47.6 1,323,835 29.8 921,504 20.8 865 0 76,040 1.7 4,435,431 Rejected 26,005 Total Vote Cast 4,461,436 3 Vote Cast for “Other”: Ridings (95) Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (95) None = 35,325 7 Rhino 3,652 11 Libert. = 14,646 39 Comm. = 2,888 21 G.P. = 12,066 27 Comm’lth. = 1,5593 15 Ind. = 5,9042 18 'Won by a candidate with no party designation and seated in Commons as an Independent. 2 Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows a total for Independents which is 112 less and an equal amount more for “None.” It seems likely that Part IV of the Report mistakenly describes one of the candidates as of the other variety. 3 Table 5 of the Report shows 1,539 votes. Hence, our total vote cast is 20 more than shown in Table 5 of the Report. 242 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-20 Ontario—1988 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Algoma 7,383 23.4 16,766 53.2 7,341 23.3 31,490 Brampton 29,473 51.6 14,047 24.6 10,284 18.0 3,291 5.8 57,095 Brampton-Malton 16,427 41.5 13,612 34.4 8,887 22.5 620 1.6 39,546 Brant 14,084 29.7 11,461 24.2 19,633 41.5 2,173 4.6 47,351 Bruce-Grey 19,748 40.9 18,796 38.9 9,183 19.0 584 1.2 48,311 Burlington 26,293 52.1 13,448 26.6 8,149 16.1 2,606 5.2 50,496 Cambridge 20,578 40.4 13,639 26.8 14,298 28.1 2,446 4.8 50,961 Carleton-Gloucester 23,964 37.3 30,925 48.1 6,217 9.7 3,163 4.9 64,269 Cochrane-Superior 7,032 23.6 11,954 40.1 10,853 36.4 29,839 Durham 24,065 46.5 15,083 29.1 10,334 20.0 2,305 4.5 51,787 Elgin 15,694 38.6 13,953 34.3 8,447 20.8 2,529 6.2 40,623 Erie 15,063 38.5 14,278 36.5 8,168 20.9 1,607 4.1 39,116 Essex-Kent 12,181 32.3 18,634 49.4 6,935 18.4 37,750 Essex-Windsor 6,154 14.3 17,715 41.3 18,926 44.1 98 0.2 42,893 Glengarry-Prescott-Russell 9,517 19.1 35,280 70.7 4,537 9.1 534 1.1 49,868 Guelph-Wellington 25,721 43.2 19,002 31.9 11,623 19.5 3,177 5.3 59,523 Haldimand-Norfolk 16,712 37.6 16,921 38.0 6,736 15.1 4,131 9.3 44,500 Halton-Peel 28,521 54.6 16,486 31.6 6,767 13.0 449 0.9 52,223 Hamilton East 8,015 21.4 18,633 49.8 10,495 28.0 273 0.7 37,416 Hamilton Mountain 15,712 30.5 16,949 32.9 16,875 32.8 1,956 3.8 51,492 Hamilton-Wentworth 23,876 41.9 19,373 34.0 8,989 15.8 4,775 8.4 57,013 Hamilton West 14,851 33.9 16,598 37.8 11,194 25.5 1,217 2.8 43,860 Hastings-Frontenac- Lennox and Addington 17,247 40.0 16,380 38.0 7,455 17.3 2,076 4.8 43,158 Huron-Bruce 20,042 42.6 16,629 35.3 7,746 16.5 2,633 5.6 47,050 Kenora-Rainy River 7,496 21.6 13,313 38.3 12,102 34.8 1,871 5.4 34,782 Kent 13,835 35.0 15,835 40.0 7,948 20.1 1,942 4.9 39,560 Kingston and the Islands 20,409 35.9 23,121 40.6 11,442 20.1 1,947 3.4 56,919 Kitchener 22,400 41.8 19,344 36.1 11,571 21.6 325 0.6 53,640 Lambton-Middlesex 16,857 40.4 17,312 41.5 5,063 12.1 2,467 5.9 41,699 Lanark-Carleton 27,379 48.0 20,280 35.6 8,359 14.7 981 1.7 56,999 Leeds-Grenville 18,053 38.9 20,141 43.4 5,141 11.1 3,081 6.6 46,416 Lincoln 19,955 38.6 19,517 37.7 9,037 17.5 3,193 6.2 51,702 London East 19,445 37.5 19,547 37.7 12,667 24.4 201 0.4 51,860 London-Middlesex 18,532 38.3 18,528 38.3 11,100 23.0 194 0.4 48,354 London West 28,392 45.7 23,321 37.5 10,007 16.1 435 0.7 62,155 Markham 36,673 53.1 21,973 31.8 6,209 9.0 4,211 6.1 69,066 Mississauga East 20,963 41.5 23,055 45.6 5,677 11.2 869 1.7 50,564 Mississauga South 24,482 51.9 16,362 34.7 5,643 12.0 688 1.5 47,175 Mississauga West 32,992 48.2 28,444 41.5 6,621 9.7 459 0.7 68,516 Nepean 23,399 41.5 26,632 47.2 6,119 10.8 292 0.5 56,442 Niagara Falls 17,076 39.5 15,137 35.0 9,232 21.3 1,812 4.2 43,257 Nickel Belt 8,080 20.8 9,133 23.5 17,417 44.8 4,268 11.0 38,898 Nipissing 15,003 39.8 15,488 41.1 6,479 17.2 709 1.9 37,679 Northumberland 18,588 41.0 18,617 41.1 6,503 14.4 1,580 3.5 45,288 Oakville- Milton 35,033 54.0 22,793 35.1 5,614 8.7 1,433 2.2 64,873 243 : Ontario Table 9-20 (Continued) Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Ontario 34,969 48.9 23,091 32.3 12,751 17.8 632 0.9 71,443 Oshawa 14,040 33.8 8,496 20.5 18,410 44.3 588 1.4 41,534 Ottawa Centre 13,142 26.5 18,096 36.5 17,334 34.9 1,066 2.1 49,638 Ottawa South 19,134 35.1 27,740 50.8 7,392 13.5 310 0.6 54,576 Ottawa-Vanier 11,192 23.2 28,581 59.2 7,716 16.0 776 1.6 48,265 Ottawa West 18,299 38.6 23.470 49.5 5,320 11.2 287 0.6 47,376 Oxford 19,366 39.8 18,035 37.0 7,771 16.0 3,543 7.3 48,715 Parry Sound-Muskoka 17,195 43.3 12,343 31.0 10,215 25.7 39,753 Perth-Wellington-Waterloo 17,974 39.1 17,013 37.0 8,727 19.0 2,258 4.9 45,972 Peterborough 22,492 40.9 16,693 30.3 15,147 27.5 724 1.3 55,056 Prince Edward-Hastings 16,408 36.2 19,559 43.1 6,564 14.5 2,814 6.2 45,345 Renfrew 15,081 32.1 25,558 54.3 5,879 12.5 520 1.1 47,038 St. Catherines 19,623 40.7 16,043 33.3 12,260 25.5 241 0.5 48,167 Sarnia-Lambton 19,304 45.0 13,624 31.8 9,525 22.2 408 1.0 42,861 Sault Ste. Marie 13,553 32.7 13,237 32.0 14,595 35.3 41,385 Simcoe Centre 23,504 45.4 17,233 33.3 8,380 16.2 2,685 5.2 51,802 Simcoe North 21,847 44.0 18,755 37.8 8,995 18.1 49,597 Stormont-Dundas 12,572 29.3 19,698 46.0 5,448 12.7 5,135 12.0 42,853 Sudbury 9,356 22.0 17,879 42.0 11,811 27.8 3,492 8.2 42,538 Thunder Bay-Atitokan 11,454 31.3 11,968 32.7 13,132 35.9 75 0.2 36,629 Thunder Bay-Nipigon 9,782 25.6 15,346 40.2 13,019 34.1 38,147 Timiskaming 11,230 36.6 10,284 33.5 7,831 25.5 1,367 4.5 30,712 Timmins-Chapleau 9,782 30.8 10,347 32.6 11,622 36.6 31,751 Victoria-Haliburton 22,270 46.8 16,549 34.8 8,203 17.2 168 0.4 378 0.8 47,568 Waterloo 26,949 45.1 21,715 36.3 10,418 17.4 663 1.1 59,745 Welland-St. Catherines- Thorold 16,287 34.5 17,878 37.9 12,646 26.8 401 0.8 47,212 Wellington-Grey-Dufferin- Simcoe 26,066 50.9 15,494 30.2 7,746 15.1 1,918 3.7 51,224 Windsor-Lake St. Clair 8,453 19.4 16,192 37.2 18,915 43.4 43,560 Windsor West 6,078 14.3 23,842 56.2 12,241 28.9 237 0.6 42,398 York North 37,436 42.6 37,513 42.7 11,583 13.2 1,292 1.5 87,825 York-Simcoe 26,731 47.2 19,906 35.1 7,489 13.2 2,538 4.5 56,664 Totals 1,414,964 38.5 1,396,633 38.0 749,108 20.4 168 0.0 109,950 3.0 3,670,823 Metropolitan Toronto Beaches-Woodbine 13,107 29.2 14,900 33.2 15,760 35.2 1,046 2.3 44,813 B road vi ew-G reen wood 9,112 22.4 15.808 38.9 14,616 36.0 1,107 2.7 40,643 Davenport 5,179 18.6 16,436 58.9 5,256 18.8 1,042 3.7 27,913 Don Valley East 18,719 44.7 15,881 37.9 6,310 15.1 964 2.3 41,874 Don Valley North 17,551 43.4 16,947 41.9 4,777 11.8 1,137 2.8 40,412 Don Valley West 27,683 53.3 19,097 36.8 4,307 8.3 809 1.6 51,896 Eglington-Lawrence 12,400 30.9 20,446 51.0 6,241 15.6 991 2.5 40,078 Etobicoke Centre 24,338 48.4 20,342 40.5 4,815 9.6 773 1.5 50,268 Etobicoke-Lakeshore 21,305 47.1 19,609 43.4 4,303 9.5 45,217 Etobicoke North 17,261 34.6 22,618 45.3 8,645 17.3 1,365 2.7 49,889 Parkdale-High Park 16,418 36.4 19,614 43.5 8,002 17.7 1,102 2.4 45,136 244 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 9-20 (Continued) Prog. Cons. _ Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Rosedale 22,704 41.4 22,624 41.2 8,266 15.1 1,293 2.4 54,887 St. Paul’s 25,206 47.5 21,655 40.8 5,303 10.0 865 1.6 53,029 Scarborough-Agincourt 18,601 42.4 19,453 44.3 5,082 11.6 770 1.8 43,906 Scarborough Centre 17,247 40.6 16,846 39.7 8,004 18.9 343 0.8 42,440 Scarborough East 18,149 43.3 16,337 39.0 6,866 16.4 577 1.4 41,929 Scarborough-Rouge River 18,182 37.6 22,766 47.1 6,592 13.6 801 1.7 48,341 Scarborough West 14,923 35.7 15,363 36.8 11,000 26.4 459 1.1 41,745 Trinity-Spadina 8,618 21.3 15,082 37.4 15,565 38.5 1,114 2.8 40,379 Willowdale 22,347 43.4 24,230 47.0 4,517 8.8 416 0.8 51,510 York Centre 9,248 22.4 24,962 60.5 6,297 15.3 736 1.8 41,243 York South-Weston 8,488 21.6 21,111 53.7 9,095 23.1 610 1.6 39,304 York West 6,368 19.1 19,936 59.6 6,088 18.2 1,032 3.1 33,424 Totals 373,154 36.9 422,454 41.8 191,013 18.9 23,655 2.3 1,010,276 Province Totals 1,788,118 38.2 1,819,087 38.9 940,121 20.1 168 0.0 133,607 2.9 4,681,099 Rejected 26,244 Total Vote Cast 4,707,343 Vote Cast for "Other ’: Ridings (99) Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (99) CHP = 64,720 31 GP 4,973 15 CRWP = 18,628 12 Ind. = 4,083 15 Libert. = 23,467 54 Comm. = 2,827 21 None = 7,015 21 Com'lth. = 2,350 21 Rhino = 5,544 17 245 : Ontario Table 9-21 Ontario Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-1987 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % October 6, 1937 23 25.6 619,610 39.4 63 70.0 773,608 49.2 87,490 5. August 4, 1943 38 42.2 469,672 35.7 15 16.7 397,014 30.2 34 37.8 415,441 31. June 8, 1945 66 73.3 781,345 44.2 11 12.2 475,029 26.9 8 8.9 395,708 22. June 7, 1948 53 58.9 725,799 41.3 13 14.4 515,795 29.3 21 23.3 466,274 26. November 22, 1951 79 87.8 860,898 48.5 7 7.8 551,794 31.1 2 2.2 339,376 19. June 9, 1955 84 85.7 853,625 48.5 10 10.2 577,774 32.8 3 3.1 291,410 16. June 11, 1959 71 72.4 868,815 46.2 21 21.4 682,590 36.3 5 5.1 313,834 16. September 25, 1963 77 71.3 1,052,740 48.6 23 21.3 757,950 35.0 7 6.5 336,290 15. October 17, 1967 69 59.0 1,022,967 42.3 27 23.1 760,096 31.4 20 17.1 626,429 25. October 21, 1971 78 66.7 1,465,313 44.5 20 17.1 913,742 27.8 19 16.2 893,879 27. September 18, 1975 51 40.8 1,192,592 36.1 36 28.8 1,134,681 34.3 38 30.4 956,904 28. June 9, 1977 58 46.4 1,325,359 39.7 34 27.2 1,053,119 31.5 33 26.4 935,912 28. March 19, 1981 70 56.0 1,412,488 44.4 34 27.2 1,072,680 33.7 21 16.8 672,824 21. May 2, 1985 52 41.6 1,343,044 36.9 48 38.4 1,377,965 37.9 25 20.0 865,507 23. September 2, 1987 16 12.3 931,473 24.7 95 73.1 1,788,214 47.3 19 14.6 970,813 25. Totals and Means 885 54.7 41.4 457 28.2 34.3 255 15.8 22. 'CCF through 1959. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 246 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 538 0.0 4 4.4 89,887 5.7 90 1,571,133 3 3.3 31,812 2.4 90 1,313,939 247 0.0 5 5.6 113,464 6.4 90 1,765,793 1,104 0.1 3 3.3 49,065 2.8 90 1,758,037 2 2.2 24,548 1.4 90 1,776,616 602 0 1 1.0 38,114 2.2 98 1,761,525 1,740 0.1 1 1.0 15,594 0.8 98 1,882,573 2,313 0.1 1 0.9 16,480 0.8 108 2,165,773 1,906 0.1 1 0.9 8,312 0.3 117 2,419,710 1,204 0 18,579 0.6 117 3,292,717 3,481 0.1 18,739 0.6 125 3,306,397 27,443 0.8 125 3,341,833 24,492 0.8 125 3,182,484 49,183 1.4 125 3,635,699 86,811 2.3 130 3,777,311 0 21 1.3 1.9 1,618 247 : Ontario 10 Manitoba A notable aspect of Manitoba’s electoral sys¬ tem is that it has developed a truly multiparty system at both the federal and provincial levels. This is so much the case that only once, in the 1958 federal election, did any party achieve a simple majority of the popular vote, and that in the midst of a national Tory landslide. In that instance the Progressive Conservatives won nearly 57 percent of the vote and captured all 14 of the province’s seats in Commons. Although they did not do as well in the provincial elections three months earlier, for the most part there is often a close parallel between provincial and federal voting patterns. Until the 1988 election Manitoba was the classic example of how the Liberal Party has declined in the Prairie Provinces. From its high point of 15 of the 17 seats and almost 48 per¬ cent of the vote in 1940, it has slipped to a third-place standing behind the ndp in recent years. One of the few pleasant surprises for the Liberals in 1988 was its gain in both popular votes as well as seats in the province. At that, it provides a greater vote for the Liberals than does Alberta or, quite recently, Saskatchewan. 1 In its stead, the Tories have come to be rela¬ tively dominant, while the ndp has shown that it is capable of strong support, capturing half of Manitoba’s seats in Commons in 1980, but losing 3 of these in the Mulroney/pc landslide in 1984, losing 2 more in 1988. For all the fact that Social Credit got its start in a sister prairie province, it never gained much of a foothold in Manitoba, peaking in 1957 with 13 percent of the federal vote, and never win¬ ning a seat in Commons. Its performance in provincial elections was not much better, win¬ ning a total of 15 seats in 15 elections, and not contesting any since it last appeared in 1969. Why is this so? One can only speculate, but it is possible that the support of lower economic- status ethnics which the Socreds initially re¬ ceived in 1936 was permanently alienated as a result of political maneuvering by the move¬ ment’s leaders early on. 2 And given the high ethnic mix of Manitoba, especially from Eastern Europe, the socialist policies of the ccf and its successor, the ndp, were more congenial to an electorate with a strong tradition of unionism and working-class consciousness. 3 Especially in recent elections, when the Tor¬ ies have gained seats they have done so at the expense of the ndp, and the converse holds equally true. As a party of the middle, the Lib¬ erals have generally been unable to capitalize on the misfortunes of either of the other two parties. This is not for want of trying, however, as the Liberals have contested every seat in this period, as have the Tories. Starting with the 1957 election, the ndp has contested all but one seat (in 1963), reflecting their own coming- of-age in an organizational sense. Candidates from other parties have been present in all elec¬ tions, but have been unable to win any seats. With this tradition of three parties actively competing for the vote, we find that Manitoba has a tradition of relatively closely contested elections, as roughly a third have been decided by 10 percent or less. Of special interest in this regard, however, is the jump in the proportion of elections which are decided by margins of 25 percent or more. All but six of these (two Win¬ nipeg ridings in 1979 and 1980 which voted for the ndp; one for the ndp and one for the Liberals 249 : Manitoba in 1988), have been won by the Progressive Conservatives. This can certainly be taken as evidence of an increasingly strong Tory orga¬ nization, capable of bringing a great many loy¬ alists to the polls. On the other hand, given the weak position of the Liberals, it also suggests that an increasing division is taking place be¬ tween the Tories on one end of the spectrum and the ndp on the other. In provincial elections we see a picture which is quite like that which we get at the federal level. 4 Initially fairly strong, and the largest party in the legislature until the 1953 elections, the Liberals have been in absolute decline since. Oddly, despite the fragmentation of Manitoba’s electorate, majority government has been the rule rather than the exception. The Tories have been able to gain a majority four times, and the Liberals and ndp have done so three times each. Yet in none of these 10 elections, or in the other 5, was a majority of the popular vote ever received by any of the parties. This is again clear evidence of a maldistribution problem in which the ruling party profits from the distor¬ tions of a single-member district/multiple-party system. What is even more remarkable is the extent to which there has been a certain con¬ tinuity in terms of governing or majority party. The Liberals were able to form the government after the 1941 election and stayed in power until 1958. The Tories captured a majority in 1959 and stayed in power until 1969. The ndp won its first majority in 1973, lost it in 1977, won a majority again in 1981 and 1986, and fell to third place in the 1988 elections. Hence, for the most part there has been a certain stability in the pro- Table 10-1 Manitoba—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 1 5.9 75,574 26.9 14 82.4 113,887 40.5 2 11.8 54,491 19. 1940 1 5.9 82,240 26.0 15 88.2 151,480 47.8 1 5.9 61,448 19. 1945 2 11.8 80,303 24.9 10 58.8 111,863 34.7 5 29.4 101,892 31. 1949 1 6.3 70,689 22.0 12 75.0 153,857 47.9 3 18.8 83,176 25 1953 3 21.4 73,644 27.0 8 57.1 109,775 40.2 3 21.4 64,402 23 1957 8 57.1 124,867 35.9 1 7.1 90,880 26.1 5 35.7 82,398 23 1958 14 100.0 216,948 56.7 82,450 21.6 74,906 19 1962 11 78.6 161,824 41.6 1 7.1 121,041 31.1 2 14.3 76,514 19 1963 10 71.4 169,013 42.3 2 14.3 134,905 33.8 2 14.3 66,652 16 1965 10 71.4 154,253 40.7 1 7.1 117,442 31.0 3 21.4 91,193 24 1968 5 38.5 125,713 31.4 5 38.5 166,025 41.5 3 23.1 99,974 25 1972 8 61.5 184,363 41.6 2 15.4 136,906 30.9 3 23.1 116,474 26 1974 9 69.2 212,990 47.7 2 15.4 122,470 27.4 2 15.4 104,829 23 1979 7 50.0 222,787 43.4 2 14.3 120,493 23.5 5 35.7 167,850 32 1980 5 35.7 179,607 37.7 2 14.3 133,253 28.0 7 50.0 159,434 33 1984 9 64.3 221,947 43.2 1 7.1 112,123 21.8 4 28.6 139,999 27 1988 7 50.0 199,161 36.9 5 35.7 196,887 36.5 2 14.3 115,293 21 Totals and Means 111 45.1 36.8 83 33.7 33.2 52 21.1 24 'CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 250 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 vincial government that is not quite reflected in terms of the Members of Parliament sent to Ottawa from Manitoba. Notes 1. See David E. Smith, The Regional Decline of a National Party: Liberals on the Prairies (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981). A historical overview of Manitoba's political development and culture is Thomas Peterson's "Manitoba: Ethnic and Class Politics," in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party System of the Ten Provinces (2d ed.; Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), pp. 61-119. 2. Ibid., p. 86. 3. Ibid., esp. pp. 88ff; Nelson Wiseman, "The Pattern of Prairie Politics," Queen's Quarterly 88 (Summer 1981), 298-315. 4. A useful review of Manitoba's political history can be found in Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics of Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), chap. 7. Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 5,751 2.0 31,289 11.1 17 280,992 5,831 1.8 15,884 5.0 17 316,883 10,322 3.2 18,435 5.7 17 322,815 13,189 4.1 16 320,911 17,260 6.3 7,696 2.8 14 272,777 45,803 13.2 4,162 1.2 14 348,110 6,753 1.8 1,503 0.4 14 382,560 26,662 6.8 3,297 0.8 14 389,338 28,157 7.0 826 0.2 14 399,553 16,315 4.3 237 0.1 14 379,440 949 0.2 7,732 1.9 13 400,393 3,228 0.7 2,183 0.5 13 443,154 4,750 1.1 1,692 0.4 13 446,731 1,044 0.2 1,599 0.3 14 513,773 3,610 0.8 14 475,904 39,765 7.7 14 513,834 28,749 5.3 14 540,090 2.9 2.8 246 251 : Manitoba Table 10-2 Manitoba—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal CCF NDP Social Credit Others Candj . Changjng Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935' 17 16 1 10 17 4 10 14 2 6 18 2 71 12 1940 17 17 1 17 14 1 1 13 1 1 4 5 56 2 1945 17 17 1 1 17 10 5 17 1 4 8 8 67 5 1949 16 15 1 1 16 7 5 1 14 2 1 4 5 50 6 1953 14 14 2 1 14 8 2 10 2 1 8 10 56 2 1957 14 14 3 5 14 1 6 14 3 2 14 4 60 7 1958 14 14 8 6 14 1 14 5 6 1 49 6 1962 14 14 11 3 14 1 14 2 13 3 58 3 1963 14 14 10 1 14 1 1 13 2 13 1 55 1 1965 14 14 9 1 1 14 1 1 14 2 1 11 1 54 2 1968 13 13 5 5 13 1 4 13 2 1 4 5 48 5 1972 13 13 5 3 13 2 3 13 3 4 2 45 3 1974 13 13 8 1 13 2 13 2 1 10 9 58 1 1979 2 14 14 5 2 14 1 14 2 2 10 11 63 2 1980 14 14 5 2 14 2 14 5 2 18 60 2 1984 14 14 5 4 14 1 1 14 4 3 26 68 4 1988 2 14 14 3 2 14 4 14 1 2 43 85 4 Totals 246 244 82 23 27 246 55 26 21 232 31 18 16 111 170 2 1,003 67 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 14 seats which are comparable to the previous election, following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 8 seats which are comparable to the previous election. Table 10-3 Manitoba—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 3 4 5 2 3 17 1940 4 1 2 3 3 4 17 1945 3 7 3 1 1 2 17 1949 5 1 2 3 5 16 1953 2 1 4 2 2 3 14 1957 1 3 3 2 2 3 14 1958 2 3 2 7 14 1962 1 4 5 3 1 14 1963 3 1 2 3 4 1 14 1965 1 3 1 2 5 2 14 1968 2 3 3 3 2 13 1972 2 1 2 3 1 4 13 1974 2 3 1 1 1 5 13 1979 4 1 1 1 7 14 1980 1 2 3 2 3 3 14 1984 1 6 2 1 1 3 14 1988 3 5 2 1 3 14 Totals 40 45 41 32 32 56 246 Means 16.3 18.3 16.7 13.0 13.0 22.8 252 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 10-4 Manitoba—1935 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon 6,575 38.9 6,368 37.7 3,396 20.1 556 3.3 16,895 Churchill 3,091 34.3 3,603 40.0 2,313 25.7 9,007 Dauphin 5,628 37.0 7,091 46.6 2,508 16.5 15,227 Lisgar 4,453 43.7 4,973 48.8 767 7.5 10,193 Macdonald 4,072 28.7 5,987 42.2 967 6.8 3,156 22.3 14,182 Marquette 5,010 31.8 6,850 43.5 3,877 24.6 15,737 Neepawa 4,582 36.2 5,968 47.2 1,015 8.0 1,091 8.6 12,656 Portage la Prairie 4,043 37.0 5,516 50.4 1,375 12.6 10,934 Provencher 3,751 37.3 6,308 62.7 10,059 St. Boniface 2,222 17.2 7,353 56.8 2,304 17.8 624 4.8 438 3.4 12,941 Selkirk 4,098 21.1 9,230 47.4 1,633 8.4 1,273 6.5 3,228 16.6 19,462 Souris 4,501 42.5 4,504 42.5 953 9.0 631 6.0 10,589 Springfield 2,351 16.3 3,564 24.7 3,117 21.6 5,423 37.5 14,455 Winnipeg North 8,412 29.3 12,093 42.2 905 3.2 7,276 25.4 28,686 Winnipeg North Centre 4,657 19.2 6,025 24.8 10,052 41.4 1,035 4.3 2,490 10.3 24,259 Winnipeg South 7,158 28.9 10,871 43.9 3,690 14.9 800 3.2 2,216 9.0 24,735 Winnipeg South Centre 9,382 30.3 11,264 36.4 6,573 21.2 1,114 3.6 2,642 8.5 30,975 Province Totals 75,574 26.9 113,887 40.5 54,491 19.4 5,751 2.0 31,289 11.1 280,992 Rejected 3,597 Total Vote Cast 284,589 Vote Cast for “Other': Ridings (17) Reconstn. = 16,439' 12 Comm. = 9,229 2 Ind. LP = 2,998 1 Ind. Lib. = 2,343 2 Ind. = 280 1 'Details of the Reconstruction vote can be found in Scarrow (1962). Table 10-5 Manitoba—1940 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Brandon 6,168 34.9 8,908 50.4 2,609 14.8 17,685 Churchill 4,963 37.5 8,276 62.5 13,239 Dauphin 5,900 34.7 5,953 35.0 5,142 30.3 16,995 Lisgar 2,433 25.6 5,221 55.0 1,160 12.2 685 7.2 9,499 Macdonald 4,510 30.3 7,728 51.9 2,639 17.7 14,877 Marquette 4,545 27.0 7,027 41.8 5,259 31.2 16,831 Neepawa 4,865 35.3 6,724 48.7 2,208 16.0 13,797 Portage la Prairie 4,835 39.4 7,442 60.6 12,277 Provencher 1,441 11.8 3,768 30.8 841 6.9 1,099 9.0 5,094 41.6 12,243 St. Boniface 3,578 23.4 7,926 51.8 1,739 11.4 1,839 12.0 216 1.4 15,298 Selkirk 3,890 17.9 11,023 50.6 6,869 31.5 21,782 Souris 4,991 44.5 4,861 43.3 1,370 12.2 11,222 253 : Manitoba Table 10-5 (Continued) Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Springfield 3,311 18.6 7,462 41.9 7,018 39.4 17,791 Winnipeg North 2,255 7.1 13,015 40.9 11,249 35.3 5,315 16.7 31,834 Winnipeg North Centre 5,412 19.4 11,199 40.1 11,324 40.5 27,935 Winnipeg South 8,445 30.4 15,461 55.6 3,912 14.1 27,818 Winnipeg South Centre 10,698 29.9 19,486 54.5 5,576 15.6 35,760 Province Totals 82,240 26.0 151,480 47.8 61,448 19.4 5,831 1.8 15,884 5.0 316,883 Rejected 3,977 Total Vote Cast 320,860 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. = 10,569 Comm. = 5,315 Ridings (17) 4 1 Table 10-6 Manitoba—1945 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Brandon 5,621 30.7 6,870 37.6 5,294 29.0 497 2.7 18,282 Churchill 3,884 28.8 4,359 32.4 5,226 38.8 13,469 Dauphin 4,599 28.1 5,550 33.9 6,226 38.0 16,375 Lisgar 4,257 41.2 4,552 44.1 1,512 14.6 10,321 Macdonald 5,147 35.2 6,147 42.1 2,078 14.2 1,235 8.5 14,607 Marquette 5,062 30.6 6,367 38.5 5,098 30.8 16,527 Neepawa 6,497 46.5 4,624 33.1 2,848 20.4 13,969 Portage la Prairie 3,592 29.4 5,457 44.7 2,306 18.9 857 7.0 12,212 Provencher 894 7.8 4,541 39.7 1,838 16.1 1,940 17.0 2,220 19.4 11,433 St. Boniface 3,421 20.9 6,055 37.0 4,823 29.4 1,369 8.4 710 4.3 16,378 Selkirk 3,499 16.9 6,448 31.2 7,556 36.5 1,197 5.8 1,978 9.6 20,678 Souris 6,177 58.0 2,640 24.8 1,838 17.3 10,655 Springfield 2,308 13.7 5,376 31.8 4,797 28.4 1,783 10.6 2,631 15.6 16,895 Winnipeg North 2,584 7.5 8,839 25.7 13,055 37.9 864 2.5 9,116 26.5 34,458 Winnipeg North Centre 4,711 16.4 5,728 19.9 15,971 55.5 1,077 3.7 1,283 4.5 28,770 Winnipeg South 9,589 31.4 11,921 39.0 9,033 29.6 30,543 Winnipeg South Centre 8,461 22.7 16,389 44.0 12,393 33.3 37,243 Province Totals 80,303 24.9 111,863 34.7 101,892 31.6 10,322 3.2 18,435 5.7 322,815 Rejected 4,979 Total Vote Cast 327,794 Vote Cast for “Other": Lab Prog = 15,984 Ind. = 2,451 Ridings (17) 6 2 254 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 10-7 Manitoba—1949 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal Riding Number % Number % Brandon 7,150 35.1 11,263 55.3 Churchill 3,570 23.8 6,847 45.6 Dauphin 2,541 14.5 7,896 45.1 Lisgar 5,684 34.8 9,190 56.2 Marquette 4,016 23.4 10,144 59.2 Norquay 807 5.8 8,430 60.2 Portage-Neepawa 6,819 37.3 9,192 50.3 Provencher 6,834 63.0 St. Boniface 2,557 13.6 10,766 57.3 Selkirk 6,158 28.5 7,593 35.2 Souris 6,108 48.1 5,495 43.3 Springfield 3,494 20.2 8,253 47.8 Winnipeg North 1,816 5.7 11,962 37.8 Winnipeg North Centre 3,434 12.0 9,010 31.6 Winnipeg South 9,942 29.3 16,235 47.8 Winnipeg South Centre 6,593 24.4 14,747 54.7 Province Totals 70,689 22.0 153,857 47.9 Rejected Total Vote Cast CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Total 1,964 9.6 20,377 4,595 30.6 15,012 7,089 40.4 17,526 1,470 9.0 16,344 2,984 17.4 17,144 4,776 34.1 14,013 2,269 12.4 4,008 37.0 18,280 10,842 5,455 29.0 18,778 7,819 36.2 21,570 1,083 8.5 12,686 4,418 25.6 1,117 6.5 17,282 12,432 39.3 5,406 17.1 31,616 15,389 53.9 694 2.4 28,527 7,765 22.9 33,942 5,632 20.9 26,972 83,176 25.9 13,189 4.1 320,911 3,168 324,079 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (16) Ind. = 6,666 3 Lab. Prog. = 6,523 2 255 : Manitoba Table 10-8 Manitoba—1953 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 13,915 58.0 8,456 35.3 1,277 5.3 323 1.3 23,971 Churchill 2,567 20.8 4,984 40.4 2,293 18.6 2,490 20.2 12,334 Dauphin 2,136 13.4 5,050 31.8 6,839 43.0 1,866 11.7 15,891 Lisgar 4,780 33.1 6,581 45.5 3,096 21.4 14,457 Marquette 4,676 25.9 9,900 54.7 3,509 19.4 18,085 Portage-Neepawa 5,604 31.5 8,958 50.4 3,223 18.1 17,785 Provencher 2,151 21.4 6,632 66.0 1,269 12.6 10,052 St. Boniface 4,994 26.8 8,051 43.3 5,568 29.9 18,613 Selkirk 898 6.3 6,265 43.9 6,076 42.6 586 4.1 448 3.1 14,273 Springfield 1,201 9.7 6,240 50.4 1,878 15.2 1,221 9.9 1,830 14.8 12,370 Winnipeg North 3,876 12.7 9,094 29.8 15,005 49.2 2,515 8.2 30,490 Winnipeg North Centre 1,760 7,5 7,535 31.9 12,713 53.8 1,606 6.8 23,614 Winnipeg South 12,597 39.9 12,277 38.9 6,247 19.8 470 1.5 31,591 Winnipeg South Centre 12,489 42.7 9,752 33.3 6,506 22.2 504 1.7 29,251 Province Totals 73,644 27.0 109,775 40.2 64,402 23.6 17,260 6.3 7,696 2.8 272,777 Rejected 3,645 Total Vote Cast 276,422 Vote Cast for “Other”: Ridings (14) Lab. Prog. = 6,194 7 Ind. Lib. = 1,361 2 Ind = 141 1 Table 10-9 Manitoba—1957 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 17,389 61.6 5,831 20.7 1,145 4.1 3,866 13.7 28,231 Churchill 6,191 38.8 4,993 31.3 1,870 11.7 2,891 18.1 15,945 Dauphin 3,463 20.6 2,896 17.2 6,706 39.9 2,442 14.5 1,304 7.8 16,811 Lisgar 8,708 45.9 4,390 23.1 443 2.3 5,246 27.6 205 1.1 18,992 Marquette 9,695 43.8 7,190 32.5 1,288 5.8 3,959 17.9 22,132 Portage-Neepawa 9,248 43.0 6,407 29.8 1,630 7.6 4,247 19.7 21,532 Provencher 4,739 35.2 4,489 33.3 246 1.8 3,992 29.6 13,466 St. Boniface 6,040 24.2 7,777 31.1 6,216 24.9 3,872 15.5 1,074 4.<3 24,979 Selkirk 2,107 12.5 5,530 32.8 7,432 44.1 1,796 10.6 16,865 Springfield 1,684 10.8 4,453 28.5 5,949 38.0 3,558 22.7 15,644 Winnipeg North 6,905 16.5 9,806 23.5 20,354 48.7 3,161 7.6 1,579 3.8 41,805 Winnipeg North Centre 5,821 21.0 4,813 17.3 15,229 54.9 1,880 6.8 27,743 Winnipeg South 23,855 51.8 12,713 27.6 7,112 15.5 2,332 5.1 46,012 Winnipeg South Centre 19,022 50.1 9,592 25.3 6,778 17.9 2,561 6.7 37,953 Province Totals 124,867 35.9 90,880 26.1 82,398 23.7 45,803 13.2 4,162 1.2 348,110 Rejected 3,799 Total Vote Cast 351,909 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. Lib. = 2,378 Lab. Prog. = 1,579 Ind. = 205 Ridings (14) 2 1 1 256 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 10-10 Manitoba—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 22,185 74.0 5,303 17.7 1,552 5.2 946 3.2 29,986 Churchill 11,506 64.7 4,159 23.4 2,118 11.9 17,783 Dauphin 8,674 46.4 3,981 21.3 6,023 32.2 18,678 Lisgar 13,072 66.8 4,546 23.2 520 2.7 1,445 7.4 19,583 Marquette 14,748 64.4 5,598 24.4 1,572 6.9 993 4.3 22,911 Portage-Neepawa 15,304 65.6 6,434 27.6 1,598 6.8 23,336 Provencher 8,278 54.5 5,268 34.7 281 1.8 1,363 9.0 15,190 St. Boniface 12,688 44.0 9,500 33.0 5,759 20.0 881 3.1 28,828 Selkirk 8,878 47.6 4,467 24.0 5,291 28.4 18,636 Springfield 7,045 42.4 3,491 21.0 4,962 29.9 1,125 6.8 16,623 Winnipeg North 19,629 42.4 5,700 12.3 19,414 42.0 1,503 3.3 46,246 Winnipeg North Centre 14,911 46.6 3,552 11.1 13,536 42.3 31,999 Winnipeg South 32,308 63.2 12,524 24.5 6,305 12.3 51,137 Winnipeg South Centre 27,722 66.6 7,927 19.0 5,975 14.4 41,624 Province Totals 216,948 56.7 82,450 21.6 74,906 19.6 6,753 1.8 1,503 0.4 382,560 Rejected 3,088 Total Vote Cast 385,648 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Lab. Prog. = 1,503 1 Table 10-11 Manitoba—1962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 17,813 60.1 6,143 20.7 1,438 4.9 4,229 14.3 29,623 Churchill 10,943 51.3 6,511 30.6 3,858 18.1 21,312 Dauphin 7,158 39.6 4,620 25.6 4,619 25.6 1,665 9.2 18,062 Lisgar 9,352 50.0 5,394 28.9 449 2.4 3,492 18.7 18,687 Marquette 11,366 52.5 6,494 30.0 1,553 7.2 2,256 10.4 21,669 Portage-Neepawa 11,125 47.2 7,615 32.3 2,285 9.7 1,425 6.0 1,144 4.8 23,594 Provencher 6,214 43.5 5,290 37.1 263 1.8 2,504 17.5 14,271 St. Boniface 9,483 29.8 12,084 37.9 7,508 23.6 2,773 8.7 31,848 Selkirk 8,797 43.6 6,272 31.1 4,198 20.8 920 4.6 20,187 Springfield 8,052 40.4 5,248 26.3 4,960 24.9 1,669 8.4 19,929 Winnipeg North 14,000 28.1 14,270 28.7 18,236 36.7 1,733 3.5 1,504 3.0 49,743 Winnipeg North Centre 9,231 31.8 5,443 18.8 12,797 44.2 864 3.0 649 2.2 28,984 Winnipeg South 21,743 41.1 21,351 40.3 7,993 15.1 1,834 3.5 52,921 Winnipeg South Centre 16,547 43.0 14,306 37.2 6,357 16.5 1,298 3.4 38,508 Province Totals 161,824 41.6 121,041 31.1 76,514 19.7 26,662 6.8 3,297 0.8 389,338 Rejected 3,685 Total Vote Cast 393,023 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Comm. = 2,153 2 Ind. = 1,144 1 257 : Manitoba Table 10-12 Manitoba—1963 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 18,100 60.5 7,011 23.4 1,514 5.1 3,305 11.0 29,930 Churchill 11,707 53.3 7,253 33.0 2,990 13.6 21,950 Dauphin 7,541 43.0 5,526 31.5 1,148 6.5 3,334 19.0 17,549 Lisgar 9,698 50.0 5,167 26.7 416 2.1 4,099 21.2 19,380 Marquette 11,729 54.7 6,709 31.3 981 4.6 2,036 9.5 21,455 Portage-Neepawa 12,532 50.6 8,398 33.9 1,551 6.3 1,484 6.0 826 3.3 24,791 Provencher 6,729 46.1 5,351 36.7 2,512 17.2 14,592 St. Boniface 9,716 29.2 13,547 40.7 6,184 18.6 3,859 11.6 33,306 Selkirk 10,096 50.6 6,937 34.8 2,211 11.1 718 3.6 19,962 Springfield 9,552 47.5 5,532 27.5 3,648 18.2 1,358 6.8 20,090 Winnipeg North 14,391 28.4 16,081 31.7 18,512 36.5 1,729 3.4 50,713 Winnipeg North Centre 7,814 26.5 7,077 24.0 13,619 46.1 1,026 3.5 29,536 Winnipeg South 22,316 39.7 24,467 43.6 7,867 14.0 1,515 2.7 56,165 Winnipeg South Centre 17,092 42.6 15,849 39.5 6,011 15.0 1,182 2.9 40,134 Province Totals 169,013 42.3 134,905 33.8 66,652 16.7 28,157 7.0 826 0.2 399,553 Rejected 2,317 Total Vote Cast 401,870 Vote Cast for'Other': Ridings (14) Ind. = 826 1 Table 10-13 Manitoba—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 15,554 54.6 7,522 26.4 2,913 10.2 2,518 8.8 28,507 Churchill 10,773 51.0 5,694 27.0 3,306 15.6 1,352 6.4 21,125 Dauphin 6,545 39.9 4,082 24.9 3,202 19.5 2,558 15.6 16,387 Lisgar 8,988 51.4 4,925 28.2 619 3.5 2,711 15.5 237 1.4 17,480 Marquette 10,613 52.1 6,424 31.5 1,724 8.5 1,623 8.0 20,384 Portage-Neepawa 13,043 51.6 8,260 32.7 2,896 11.5 1,060 4.2 25,259 Provencher 6,470 48.1 5,243 39.0 542 4.0 1,195 8.9 13,450 St. Boniface 10,499 31.5 13,961 41.8 8,923 26.7 • 33,383 Selkirk 8,573 46.4 4,765 25.8 4,456 24.1 678 3.7 18,472 Springfield 7,246 35.5 4,104 20.1 8,001 39.2 1,085 5.3 20,436 Winnipeg North 10,992 22.8 13,420 27.9 22,950 47.7 771 1.6 48,133 Winnipeg North Centre 6,085 23.8 5,384 21.1 14,056 55.1 25,525 Winnipeg South 23,576 43.4 20,396 37.5 10,371 19.1 54,343 Winnipeg South Centre 15,296 41.8 13,262 36.3 7,234 19.8 764 2.1 36,556 Province Totals 154,253 40.7 117,442 31.0 91,193 24.0 16,315 4.3 237 0.1 379,440 Rejected 2,922 Total Vote Cast 382,362 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Ind. = 237 1 258 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 10-14 Manitoba—1968 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 15,060 51.8 9,963 34.3 4,031 13.9 29,054 Churchill 9,009 41.8 7,673 35.6 4,888 22.7 21,570 Dauphin 8,701 37.2 6,770 28.9 6,734 28.8 1,194 5.1 23,399 Lisgar 11,785 51.7 7,748 34.0 1,305 5.7 1,350 5.9 614 2.7 22,802 Marquette 12,706 48.6 9,183 35.1 3,651 14.0 593 2.3 26,133 Portage 8,025 40.9 8,415 42.9 3,184 16.2 19,624 Provencher 7,791 36.0 9,021 41.6 3,078 14.2 1,773 8.2 21,663 St. Boniface 8,048 18.9 22,032 51.7 11,566 27.2 949 2.2 42,595 Selkirk 8,781 22.6 12,020 31.0 17,310 44.6 707 1.8 38,818 Winnipeg North 3,206 9.3 14,645 42.7 15,608 45.5 869 2.5 34,328 Winnipeg North Centre 4,124 13.6 11,323 37.3 14,880 49.1 30,327 Winnipeg South 15,209 34.4 23,457 53.1 5,499 12.5 44,165 Winnipeg South Centre 13,268 28.9 23,775 51.8 8,240 17.9 632 1.4 45,915 Province Totals 125,713 31.4 166,025 41.5 99,974 25.0 5,024 1.3 3,657 0.9 400,393 Rejected 2,879 Total Vote Cast 403,272 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (13) Ind. = 1,207 2 RC = 949 1 Comm. = 869 1 Ind. Cons. = 632 1 Table 10-15 Manitoba—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 17,923 60.6 5,968 20.2 5,501 18.6 190 0.6 29,582 Churchill 9,462 34.6 8,536 31.2 9,059 33.1 327 1.2 27,384 Dauphin 12,584 54.4 4,305 18.6 6,234 27.0 23,123 Lisgar 17,253 71.0 4,469 18.4 1,627 6.7 943 3.9 24,292 Marquette 16,155 63.0 4,572 17.8 4,917 19.2 25,644 Portage 9,781 45.5 7,474 34.8 4,036 18.8 199 0.9 21,490 Provencher 11,262 45.3 6,489 26.1 6,304 25.4 784 3.2 24,839 St, Boniface 13,033 26.1 22,200 44.4 13,857 27.7 643 1.3 241 0.5 49,974 Selkirk-lnterlake 17,842 39.8 8,709 19.4 17,872 39.9 418 0.9 44,841 Winnipeg North 9,446 25.4 11,150 30.0 15,931 42.8 701 1.9 37,228 Winnipeg North Centre 7,050 25.1 6,984 24.9 13,263 47.3 440 1.6 320 1.1 28,057 Winnipeg South 17,022 33.9 25,534 50.9 7,413 14.8 205 0.4 50,174 Winnipeg South Centre 25,550 45.2 20,516 36.3 10,460 18.5 56,526 Province Totals 184,363 41.6 136,906 30.9 116,474 26.3 3,228 0.7 2,183 0.5 443,154 Rejected 10,488 Total Vote Cast 453,642 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (13) None = 1,666 5 Ind. = 517 2 259 : Manitoba Table 10-16 Manitoba—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 16,624 57.8 5,988 20.8 5,616 19.5 540 1.9 28,768 Churchill 11,225 41.0 7,136 26.1 8,415 30.8 577 2.1 27,353 Dauphin 11,439 46.7 5,300 21.6 7,743 31.6 24,482 Lisgar 16,465 70.6 4,414 18.9 1,278 5.5 1,164 5.0 23,321 Marquette 15,933 66.9 4,498 18.9 3,094 13.0 286 1.2 23,811 Portage 11,829 54.7 6,671 30.8 2,857 13.2 179 0.8 97 0.4 21,633 Provencher 13,405 54.8 5,558 22.7 4,907 20.0 613 2.5 24,483 St. Boniface 18,604 36.2 21,853 42.6 10,364 20.2 536 1.0 51,357 Selkirk-lnterlake 22,441 44.4 7,239 14.3 20,667 40.9 148 0.3 50,495 Winnipeg North 12,196 33.2 8,677 23.6 15,026 40.9 410 1.1 470 1.3 36,779 Winnipeg North Centre 8,521 31.6 5,883 21.8 12,023 44.5 225 0.8 344 1.3 26,996 Winnipeg South 22,031 43.4 23,297 45.9 5,016 9.9 141 0.3 245 0.5 50,730 Winnipeg South Centre 32,277 57.1 15,956 28.2 7,823 13.8 365 0.6 102 0.2 56,523 Province Totals 212,990 47.7 122,470 27.4 104,829 23.5 4,750 1.1 1,692 0.4 446,731 Rejected 1,700 Total Vote Cast 448,431 Vote Cast for "Other”: Ridings (13) Vote Cast for "Other”: Ridings (13) Comm. = 667 3 Ind. = 286 1 M.-L. = 477 5 None = 262 3 Table 10-17 Manitoba—1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 19,108 52.7 7,918 21.8 8,949 24.7 302 0.8 36,277 Churchill 7,802 32.1 3,936 16.2 12,544 51.7 24,282 Dauphin 12,239 43.2 4,311 15.2 11,770 41.6 28,320 Lisgar 21,366 70.1 6,201 20.3 2,920 9.6 30,487 Portage-Marquette 18,824 58.3 6,164 19.1 6,612 20.5 347 1.1 319 1.0 32,266 Provencher 17,030 51.7 7,459 22.6 8,473 25.7 32,962 St. Boniface 16,987 35.2 19,752 40.9 11,455 23.7 116 0.2 48,310 Selkirk-lnterlake 13,569 40.7 5,522 16.6 14,225 42.7 33,316 Winnipeg-Assiniboine 28,192 56.3 13,668 27.3 7,949 15.9 150 0.3 72 o.i. 50,031 Winnipeg-Birds Hill 19,536 38.4 5,674 11.2 25,492 50.2 118 0.2 50,820 Winnipeg-Fort Garry 18,337 40.1 18,822 41.1 8,176 17.9 245 0.5 177 0.4 47,757 Winnipeg North 11,749 27.6 8,002 18.8 22,417 52.7 383 0.9 42,551 Winnipeg North Centre 5,408 20.6 5,428 20.7 15,121 57.6 279 1.1 26,236 Winnipeg-St. James 12,640 39.3 7,636 23.7 11,747 36.5 135 0.4 32,158 Province Totals 222,787 43.4 120,493 23.5 167,850 32.7 1,044 0.2 1,599 0.3 513,773 Rejected 1,710 Total Vote Cast 515,483 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (14) Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) M.-L. = 651 7 Ind. = 319 1 Comm. = 486 3 None = 143 2 260 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 10-18 Manitoba—1980 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Brandon-Souris 16,098 46.9 9,661 28.1 8,509 24.8 76 0.2 Churchill 6,084 25.5 7,092 29.7 10,319 43.3 352 1.5 Dauphin 11,116 38.4 4,849 16.8 12,960 44.8 Lisgar 18,057 62.7 7,016 24.3 3,353 11.6 396 1.4 Portage-Marquette 16,219 53.0 6,973 22.8 7,221 23.6 174 0.6 Provencher 14,677 44.9 8,271 25.3 9,281 28.4 433 1.3 St. Boniface 13,044 29.4 20,076 45.2 11,191 25.2 57 0.1 Selkirk-lnterlake 11,847 36.0 5,953 18.1 15,055 45.7 97 0.3 Winnipeg-Assiniboine 22,160 49.1 15,424 34.2 7,304 16.2 246 0.5 Winnipeg-Birds Hill 13,385 29.4 7,020 15.4 24,672 54.3 382 0.8 Winnipeg-Fort Garry 13,854 34.3 18,694 46.3 7,293 18.1 495 1.2 Winnipeg North 8,313 22.6 9,517 25.9 18,561 50.5 344 0.9 Winnipeg North Centre 4,113 18.6 5,176 23.3 12,637 57.0 245 1.1 Winnipeg-St. James 10,640 36.0 7,531 25.5 11,078 37.5 313 1.1 Province Totals 179,607 37.7 133,253 28.0 159,434 33.5 3,610 0.8 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Vote Cast for "Other" Ridings (14) Rhino = 1,748 5 Comm. = 371 ) M.-L. = 894 10 Ind. = 201 1 None = 396 1 Total 34,344 23,847 28,925 28,822 30,587 32,662 44,368 32,952 45,134 45,459 40,336 36,735 22,171 29,562 475,904 1,378 477,282 261 : Manitoba Table 10-19 Manitoba—1984 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Brandon-Souris 18,813 63.3 5,278 17.8 5,631 18.9 29,722 Churchill 8,010 33.7 4,272 18.0 10,829 45.6 658 2.8 23,769 Dauphin-Swan River 11,973 45.1 4,352 16.4 10,219 38.5 26,544 Lisgar 15,557 69.2 4,423 19.7 2,052 9.1 437 1.9 22,469 Portage-Marquette 15,378 63.6 4,161 17.2 4,447 18.4 204 0.8 24,190 Provencher 20,077 62.5 4,859 15.1 6,941 21.6 232 0.7 32,109 St. Boniface 19,548 41.1 16,763 35.2 11,279 23.7 47,590 Selkirk-lnterlake 13,750 45.1 3,510 11.5 13,088 42.9 163 0.5 30,511 Winnipeg-Assiniboine 27,567 53.7 16,200 31.6 7,067 13.8 472 0.9 51,306 Winnipeg-Birds Hill 20,644 40.4 5,447 10.7 23,903 46.8 1,118 2.2 51,112 Winnipeg-Fort Garry 18,932 40.7 21,286 45.7 5,932 12.7 423 0.9 46,573 Winnipeg North 12,705 30.2 10,421 24.8 18,209 43.3 706 1.7 42,041 Winnipeg North Centre 6,470 28.3 5,144 22.5 10,559 46.1 718 3.1 22,891 Winnipeg-St. James 12,523 43.8 6,007 21.0 9,843 34.4 250 0.9 28,623 Province Totals 221,947 46.3 112,123 23.4 139,999 29.2 5,381 1.1 479,450 Rejected 2,219 Total Vote Cast 481,669 Vote Cast for "Other Ridings (14) Vote Cast for “Other”: Ridings (14) CRWP = 34,384 10 Rhino = 1,006 2 Ind. = 2,067 4 Comm. = 484 3 Libert. = 1,824 7 Table 10-21 Manitoba Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1936-1988 Progressive Conservative Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number 7 July 27, 1936 16 29.1 71,927 25.3 23 41.8 91,357 32.1 7 12.7 30,983 10 April 22, 1941 14 25.5 33,139 20.3 28 50.9 59,038 36.1 3 5.5 24,350 14 October 15, 1945 13 23.6 34,410 15.8 25 45.5 70,475 32.3 9 16.4 73,988 33 November 10, 1949 9 15.8 23,410 11.9 31 54.4 77,335 39.2 7 12.3 49,933 25 June 8, 1953 12 21.1 56,278 21.0 32 56.1 105,958 39.6 5 8.8 44,332 16 June 16, 1958 26 45.6 117,822 40.5 19 33.3 101,763 35.0 11 19.3 58,671 20 May 14, 1959 36 63.2 147,140 46.8 11 19.3 94,452 30.1 10 17.5 69,594 22 December 14, 1962 36 63.2 134,187 45.2 13 22.8 108,270 36.4 7 12.3 45,430 15 June 23, 1966 31 54.4 130,102 40.0 14 24.6 107,841 33.1 11 19.3 75,333 23 June 25, 1969 22 38.6 119,021 35.6 5 8.8 80,288 24.0 28 49.1 128,080 38 June 28, 1973 21 36.8 171,553 36.7 5 8.8 88,907 19.0 31 54.4 197,585 42 October 11, 1977 33 57.9 237,496 48.8 1 1.8 59,865 12.3 23 40.4 188,124 38 November 17, 1981 23 40.4 211,602 43.8 0.0 32,373 6.7 34 59.6 228,784 47 March 18, 1986 26 45.6 193,728 40.6 1 1.8 66,469 13.9 30 52.6 198,261 41 April 26, 1988 25 43.9 206,180 38.4 20 35.1 190,913 35.5 12 21.1 126,954 23 Totals and Means 343 40.4 34.0 228 26.9 28.4 228 26.9 27 'CCF through 1959. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 262 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 10-20 Manitoba—1988 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Brandon-Souris 17,372 46.8 11,404 30.7 5,018 13.5 3,343 9.0 Churchill 5,164 20.5 5,800 23.1 14,168 56.4 Dauphin-Swan River 14,719 41.4 6,985 19.6 11,881 33.4 1,996 5.6 Lisgar-Marquette 17,484 53.9 7,174 22.1 2,199 6.8 5,563 17.2 Portage-Interlake 13,307 38.7 10,381 30.2 6,372 18.6 4,283 12.5 Provencher 19,000 55.5 11,121 32.5 2,490 7.3 1,603 4.7 St.Boniface 15,700 33.5 24,164 51.6 5,012 10.7 1,939 4.1 Selkirk 17,813 38.2 12,451 26.7 13,899 29.8 2,524 5.4 Winnipeg North 10,527 24.6 16,375 38.3 14,612 34.2 1,236 2.9 Winnipeg North Centre 5,351 18.3 12,077 41.3 10,450 35.8 1,332 4.6 Winnipeg St. James 16,993 40.8 18,695 44.8 4,258 10.2 1,747 4.2 Winnipeg South 22,865 45.9 22,150 44.5 3,151 6.3 1,596 3.2 Winnipeg South Centre 12,051 28.6 24,659 58.5 4,422 10.5 1,008 2.4 Winnipeg Transcona 10,815 25.6 13,451 31.9 17,361 41.1 579 1.4 Province Totals 199,161 36.9 196,887 36.5 115,293 21.3 28,749 5.3 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Vote Cast for “Other’’: Ridings (14) RP 17,733 12 Ind. = 1,216 5 CHP 4,297 3 None = 998 8 CRWP = 1,943 5 Rhino = 770 2 Libert. = 1,376 5 Comm. = 416 3 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total ’'lumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 5 9.1 23,413 8.2 4 7.3 66,739 23.5 55 284,419 3 5.5 11,879 7.3 7 12.7 35,202 21.5 55 163,608 2 3.6 4,501 2.1 6 10.9 35,058 16.0 55 218,432 10 17.5 46,458 23.6 57 197,136 2 3.5 35,750 13.4 6 10.5 25,318 9.5 57 267,636 5,174 1.8 1 1.8 7,471 2.6 57 290,901 2,902 0.9 57 314,088 1 1.8 7,495 2.5 1,776 0.6 57 297,158 1 1.8 11,538 3.5 735 0.2 57 325,549 1 1.8 4,535 1.4 1 1.8 2,764 0.8 57 334,688 1,709 0.4 7,290 1.6 57 467,044 1,323 0.3 346 0.1 57 487,154 10,133 2.1 57 482,892 19,232 4.0 57 477,690 13,363 2.5 57 537,410 15 1.8 2.7 35 4.1 7.3 849 Total 37,137 25,132 35,581 32,420 34,343 34,214 46,815 46,687 42,750 29,210 41,693 49,762 42,140 42,206 540,090 1,787 541,877 263 : Manitoba 11 Saskatchewan In this prairie province we have a rarity in West¬ ern democracies—a competitive three-party system in which the “third” party, normally con¬ sidered a minority, is actually dominant in its provincial voting patterns and generally even with the Progressive Conservatives at the na¬ tional level, especially in recent years. Wise¬ man characterizes Saskatchewan’s politics as "a struggle between Ontario liberal and British socialist influences,” 1 a statement which is prob¬ ably more accurate at the provincial than federal level. However, there can be no doubt that the ccf/ndp has played an important role in the province’s federal elections. At the outset of the period we examine, Sas¬ katchewan was solidly in the Liberal camp, winning majorities of the federal seats in 1935, 1940, and 1949. Since then, their history has been one of near-absolute decline, winning more than 30 percent of the popular vote only twice and winning seats only 5 times in 13 elec¬ tions. This is consistent with their poor showings in the other two prairie provinces. Smith has suggested that this is due as much to the Lib¬ erals’ attempts at party reorganization as its policy changes. 2 In place of the once-dominant Liberals, whose popular vote has now fallen to less than 20 percent, the Tories and the ccf/ndp have be¬ come the dominant forces, the former more so than the latter. Popular vote majorities in fed¬ eral elections have occurred only three times (1958, 1962, 1963). These have been captured by the Progressive Conservatives, who man¬ aged to win all but two seats in these and the 1965 election, the others having been taken by the ccf/ndp. The latter party has won seats in all but 1963 and 1965, and has won a ma¬ jority of the seats in the 1945, 1953, 1957, and 1988 elections. Starting with 1968, the ndp won 36.8 percent of the vote to 38.4 percent for the Tories and 23.6 percent for the Liberals. Hence, it seems fair to say not only that Saskatchewan now has a three-party system, but that a “third” party is really second! British Columbia (chap¬ ter 13) is the only other province to which this applies. It is interesting to note that Social Credit, which had its start in neighboring Alberta, never really caught hold in the province, only twice receiving more than 10 percent of the popu¬ lar vote, and winning only two seats in 1935. Similarly, Independents and candidates from other parties have not particularly caught the fancy of the Saskatchewan electorate. In 1940 one United Reform and one Unity candidate were elected. It would seem that, for the most part, active three-party politics provide sufficient and pragmatic options for the Saskatchewan electorate. The Liberals have contested every election since 1935. Second to them in this regard is the ccf/ndp, which has historically been stronger in this province than in most. Only in 1940, their second election on the ballot, did they run less than a full complement. The early years for the Progressive Conservatives, when they were the Conservatives, were those in which they did their worst and also did not run a candidate for every seat. As a consequence of the three-party nature of the province, margins of victory tend to be rather narrow. Almost half (46.5 percent) of all contests have been decided by margins of less than 10 percent, making Saskatchewan, in this regard, second only to Prince Edward Island 265 : Saskatchewan (with its two-party system) in terms of com¬ petitiveness. Starting with the 1972 election, Saskatchewan has been considerably more competitive than any other province. It would seem that the the weakening of the Liberals has created a situation where electoral battles are fought more narrowly between the ndp and the Tories. In provincial elections it is fair to describe the party system, at least through 1975, as two- party in nature, based primarily on the perfor¬ mance of the ccf/ndp and the Liberals. 3 Since the Tories were as weak in that period as the Liberals seem to be now, this would seem to be a fair assessment. Dyck notes that the province appears to have been characterized by two periods of one-party dominance—the Liberal era from 1905 to 1944 and the ccf/ndp from 1944 to 1964. Since 1964, power has changed hands regularly, but even before 1964 there was almost always a competitive two-party system. .. , 4 Courtney and Smith note, however, as a result of the 1975 election when the Progressive Con¬ servatives bounced back, “that Saskatchewan political alignments may be about to shift once again.’’ 5 Since the weakest of the parties tends to come back, it may be more fair to say that Saskatchewan, in its internal politics, is a shift¬ ing three-party system, with a varying second party. In the 13 elections from 1938 through 1986, the Tories were able to control a majority of seats only in the last 2, and indeed was vir¬ tually invisible prior to 1975, winning only 1 seat in 9 previous elections. They have evidently supplanted the Liberals who held majorities fol¬ lowing the 1935, 1964, and 1967 elections. By contrast, the “minor” party, ccf/ndp, has had a popular vote majority 3 times (1944, 1952, 1971), an outright majority of seats following Table 11-1 Saskatchewan—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number 1935 1 4.8 65,078 18.8 16 76.2 141,121 40.8 2 9.5 73,505 2 1940 2 9.5 52,496 14.1 12 57.1 159,530 43.0 5 23.8 106,267 2 1945 1 4.8 70,830 18.8 2 9.5 123,344 32.7 18 85.7 167,233 4 1949 1 5.0 53,624 14.4 14 70.0 161,887 43.4 5 25.0 152,399 41 1953 1 5.9 41,538 11.7 5 29.4 133,493 37.7 11 64.7 156,406 4 1957 3 17.6 90,359 23.2 4 23.5 118,282 30.3 10 58.8 140,293 3 1958 16 94.1 204,442 51.4 78,121 19.6 1 5.9 112,800 2 1962 16 94.1 213,385 50.4 94,090 22.2 1 5.9 96,030 2 1963 17 100.0 224,700 53.7 100,747 24.1 . 76,126 1 1965 17 100.0 193,254 48.0 96,740 24.0 104,626 2 1968 5 38.5 153,233 37.0 2 15.4 112,332 27.1 6 46.2 147,941 3 1972 7 53.8 159,629 36.9 1 7.7 109,342 25.3 5 38.5 155,195 3 1974 8 61.5 150,846 36.4 3 23.1 127,282 30.7 2 15.4 130,391 3 1979 10 71.4 201,803 41.2 106,550 21.8 4 28.6 175,011 3 1980 7 50.0 177,376 38.9 110,517 24.2 7 50.0 165,308 3 1984 9 64.3 218,000 41.7 95,143 18.2 5 35.7 200,918 3 1988 4 28.6 190,463 36.4 95,235 18.2 10 71.4 231,030 4 Totals and Means 125 44.6 33.7 59 21.1 28.4 92 32.9 3 'CCF through 1958 includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 266 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 8 elections, and has actually won almost two- thirds of all the seats in these elections. This record is unparalleled in the other provinces, ex¬ cept perhaps for British Columbia, where Social Credit has governed since 1952. Notes 1. Nelson Wiseman, “The Pattern of Prairie Politics,” Queen's Quarterly 88 (Summer 1981), 298-315. The article is also reprinted in Hugh G. Thorburn, ed., Party Politics in Canada (5th ed.; Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1985), pp. 242-59. 2. The standard work on the subject is David E. Smith, The Regional Decline of a National Party: Liberals on the Prairies (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981). 3. John C. Courtney and David E. Smith, "Saskatchewan: Parties in a Politically Competitive Province," in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces (2d ed.; Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), pp. 293ff. 4. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), p. 427. 5. ‘‘Saskatchewan,” p. 296 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total lumber % Number % 1 Number % Number % Seats Votes 2 9.5 61,505 17.8 4,361 1.3 21 345,570 12,347 3.3 2 9.5 40,494 10.9 21 371,134 11,449 3.0 4,030 1.1 21 376,886 3,474 0.9 1,531 0.4 20 372,915 18,810 5.3 3,906 1.1 17 354,153 40,830 10.5 334 0.1 17 390,098 1,745 0.4 604 0.2 17 397,712 19,648 4.6 317 0.1 17 423,470 16,110 3.9 443 0.1 17 418,126 7,526 1.9 179 0.1 17 402,325 919 0.2 13 414,425 7,717 1.8 621 0.1 13 432,504 4,539 1.1 876 0.2 13 413,934 2,514 0.5 3,526 0.7 14 489,404 178 0.1 2,395 0.5 14 455,774 8,739 1.7 14 522,800 6,500 1.2 14 523,228 2 0.7 3.2 2 0.7 1.2 280 267 : Saskatchewan Table 11-2 Saskatchewan—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candj _ Changjng Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935 1 21 19 1 5 21 7 4 2 21 2 20 2 3 1 84 8 1940 21 9 1 1 21 10 2 6 17 2 3 5 2 10 2 62 8 1945 21 19 1 1 21 2 10 21 5 13 9 4 2 74 13 1949 20 20 1 20 2 12 20 5 12 4 2 66 12 1953 17 15 1 17 5 7 17 5 6 14 9 72 7 1957 17 16 1 2 17 4 1 17 10 1 16 2 68 2 1958 17 17 3 13 17 4 17 1 9 1 3 55 13 1962 17 17 16 17 17 1 15 1 67 1963 17 17 16 1 17 17 1 16 3 70 1 1965 17 17 17 17 17 12 1 64 1968 13 13 6 7 13 2 13 5 2 41 7 1972 13 13 4 3 1 13 1 1 13 3 2 3 13 2 54 5 1974 13 13 6 2 13 1 2 13 2 4 12 5 56 4 1979 2 14 14 5 1 2 14 1 14 1 2 8 8 58 3 1980 14 14 7 3 14 14 4 3 1 11 54 3 1984 14 14 7 2 14 14 5 2 22 64 2 1988 3 14 14 1 2 14 14 1 2 16 68 2 Totals 280 261 93 26 21 280 32 22 32 276 45 38 32 146 2 2 104 2 3 1,077 90 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 16 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 2 9 seats; 3 4 seats. Table 11-3 Saskatchewan—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 3 4 4 6 1 3 21 1940 6 9 3 1 2 21 1945 5 5 4 5 1 1 21 1949 3 10 3 1 2 1 20 1953 6 3 3 2 1 2 17 1957 7 7 1 1 1 17 1958 3 2 3 2 7 17 1962 1 4 1 2 9 17 1963 1 3 1 12 17 1965 1 1 3 4 2 6 17 1968 5 6 1 1 13 1972 5 4 2 2 13 1974 6 2 2 1 1 1 13 1979 4 2 4 2 1 1 14 1980 5 5 1 2 1 14 1984 4 2 2 3 2 1 14 1988 3 2 4 2 1 2 14 Totals 64 66 41 39 20 50 280 Means 22.9 23.6 14.6 13.9 7.1 17.9 268 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 11-4 Saskatchewan—1935 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 3,847 25.8 6,213 41.7 3,293 22.1 1,557 10.4 14,910 Humboldt 1,171 7.8 6,877 45.7 4,592 30.5 2,395 15.9 15,035 Kindersley 4,777 34.6 2,189 15.8 6,856 49.6 13,822 Lake Centre 4,100 26.7 5,894 38.3 3,909 25.4 1,474 9.6 15,377 Mackenzie 1,234 8.0 6,595 43.0 4,451 29.0 3,059 19.9 15,339 Maple Creek 3,597 24.1 4,558 30.5 3,622 24.2 3,167 21.2 14,944 Melfort 4,814 25.5 6,389 33.8 2,977 15.8 4,721 25.0 18,901 Melville 3,010 16.4 8,726 47.5 2,892 15.8 3,727 20.3 18,355 Moose Jaw 4,553 27.7 7,353 44.8 2,272 13.8 2,235 13.6 16,413 North Battleford 7,039 45.1 4,168 26.7 4,412 28.2 15,619 Prince Albert 2,880 17.3 9,087 54.7 1,469 8.8 3,185 19.2 16,621 Qu’Appelle 5,769 36.6 5,579 35.4 2,210 14.0 2,186 13.9 15,744 Regina City 7,986 32.2 10,235 41.3 4,706 19.0 1,874 7.6 24,801 Rosetown-Biggar 3,228 21.2 4,360 28.6 6,806 44.7 836 5.5 15,230 Rosthern 602 4.6 7,515 56.9 1,613 12.2 1,628 12.3 1,854 14.0 13,212 Saskatoon City 5,859 30.5 7,690 40.0 1,889 9.8 3,377 17.6 419 2.2 19,234 Swift Current 2,536 17.3 5,682 38.7 2,927 19.9 3,556 24.2 14,701 The Battlefords 2,766 15.1 5,990 32.7 3,247 17.7 6,314 34.5 18,317 Weyburn 1,557 9.6 6,979 43.1 7,280 45.0 362 2.2 16,178 Wood Mountain 1,446 9.6 6,092 40.7 2,864 19.1 4,584 30.6 14,986 Yorkton 4,123 23.1 7,491 42.0 4,129 23.2 2,088 11.7 17,831 Province Totals 65,078 18.8 141,121 40.8 73,505 21.3 61,505 17.8 4,361 1.3 345,570 Rejected 1,966 Total Vote Cast 347,536 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (21) Reconstn. = 4,361 3 Table 11-5 Saskatchewan—1940 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 3,516 23.2 6,846 45.1 4,812 31.7 15,174 Humboldt 8,808 53.9 7,536 46.1 16,344 Kindersley 5,068 39.1 3,966 30.6 3,922 30.3 12,956 Lake Centre 5,974 36.3 5,694 34.6 4,793 29.1 16,461 Mackenzie 9,211 45.5 10,207 50.4 819 4.0 20,237 Maple Creek 3,182 23.7 5,157 38.4 5,102 38.0 13,441 Melfort 8,019 38.0 11,358 53.8 1,732 8.2 21,109 Melville 10,158 48.3 9,042 43.0 1,837 8.7 21,037 Moose Jaw 7,807 45.4 9,373 54.6 17,180 North Battleford 7,868 42.8 10,500 57.2 18,368 Prince Albert 8,310 46.0 1,993 11.0 7,777 43.0 18,080 QuAppelle 8,236 54.9 6,775 45.1 15,011 Regina City 12,745 41.6 14,434 47.1 2,855 9.3 602 2.0 30,636 Rosetown-Biggar 2,381 15.9 4,912 32.7 7,714 51.4 15,007 Rosthern 6,612 50.6 5,456 41.8 999 7.6 13,067 269 : Saskatchewan Table 11-5 (Continued) Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number ■ % Number % Saskatoon City 8,346 37.2 241 1.1 13,868 61.8 22,455 Swift Current 3,965 25.6 6,042 38.9 5, 507 : 35.5 15,514 The Battlefords 7,195 41.9 4, 512 ; 26.3 5,453 31.8 17,160 Weyburn 7,554 46.3 8, 509 1 52.1 269 1.6 16,332 Wood Mountain 6,375 41.4 5, 247 : 34.1 3,775 24.5 15,397 Yorkton 4,690 23.3 6,773 33.6 7, 658 : 38.0 1,047 5.2 20,168 Province Totals 52,496 14.1 11 59,530 43.0 106, 267 : 28.6 12,347 3.3 40,494 10.9 371,134 Rejected 2,242 Total Vote Cast 373,376 Vote Cast for "Other" Ridings (21) Elected Vote Cast for "( Other" Ridings (21) Elected Un. Refm. = 14, 137 2 1 Ind. = 3,775 1 Unity = 12, 337 2 1 Comm. = 2,711 4 Nat. Un. = 7, 534 1 Table 11-6 Saskatchewan—1945 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 3,084 19.5 5,779 36.5 6,952 44.0 15,815 Humboldt 6,380 41.7 7,843 51.2 1,094 7.1 15,317 Kindersley 2,653 19.0 4,787 34.3 5,499 39.4 1,001 7.2 13,940 Lake Centre 6,884 41.5 3,812 23.0 5,875 35.5 16,571 Mackenzie 1,580 8.7 5,306 29.4 9,037 50.0 2,143 1 1.9 18,066 Maple Creek 2,562 17.3 4,084 27.5 6,483 43.7 1,721 1 1.6 14,850 Melfort 5,793 27.5 5,408 25.7 9,849 46.8 21,050 Melville 10,095 50.1 10,067 49.9 20,162 Moose Jaw 4,358 21.7 5,862 29.2 9,831 49.0 20,051 North Battleford 2,039 12.7 4,420 27.6 5,049 31.5 1,525 9.5 2,971 18.6 16,004 Prince Albert 2,768 14.3 7,799 40.3 7,928 41.0 847 4.4 19,342 Qu'Appelle 5,415 33.0 4,871 29.6 6,146 37.4 16,432 Regina City 6,973 21.8 10,804 33.7 13,799 43.1 441 1.4 32,017 Rosetown-Biggar 3,129 20.5 3,618 23.8 8,484 55.7 15,231 Rosthern 1,299 9.5 6,898 50.5 4,678 34.2 792 5.8 . 13,667 Saskatoon City 8,339 36.1 4,902 21.2 9,217 39.9 618 2.7 23,076 Swift Current 2,537 15.4 6,169 37.3 7,813 47.3 16,519 The Battlefords 2,994 17.5 5,156 30.2 7,579 44.4 1,346 7.9 17,075 Weyburn 1,739 10.3 5,962 35.4 8,174 48.5 980 5.8 16,855 Wood Mountain 2,718 16.8 5,641 35.0 7,772 48.2 16,131 Yorkton 3,966 21.2 5,591 29.9 9,158 48.9 18,715 Province Totals 70,830 18.8 123,344 32.7 167,233 44.4 11,449 3.0 4,030 1.1 376,886 Rejected 2,653 Total Vote Cast 379,539 Vote Cast for "Other": Unity = 2,124 Lab. Prog. = 1,059 Ind. Lib. = 847 Ridings (21) 1 2 1 270 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 11-7 Saskatchewan—1949 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 2,458 13.3 6,858 37.2 8,442 45.8 656 3.6 18,414 Humboldt 1,022 6.2 8,123 49.4 7,302 44.4 16,447 Kindersley 2,247 13.5 7,872 47.2 6,567 39.4 16,686 Lake Centre 8,845 48.7 3,061 16.8 5,413 29.8 856 4.7 18,175 Mackenzie 697 4.2 7,564 46.0 6,209 37.8 851 5.2 1,122 6.8 16,443 Maple Creek 2,503 14.2 8,217 46.7 6,868 39.0 17,588 Meadow Lake 1,331 10.3 7,078 55.0 4,461 34.7 12,870 Melfort 2,228 13.5 7,117 43.0 7,208 43.5 16,553 Melville 1,465 7.7 11,120 58.6 6,388 33.7 18,973 Moose Jaw 3,334 16.0 7,444 35.8 10,026 48.2 20,804 Moose Mountain 2,570 12.8 9,277 46.3 8,199 40.9 20,046 Prince Albert 2,258 12.2 8,916 48.2 7,341 39.6 18,515 Qu'Appelle 3,519 17.5 9,017 44.7 7,629 37.8 20,165 Regina City 4,060 12.3 14,356 43.5 14,194 43.0 409 1.2 33,019 Rosetown-Biggar 2,670 16.0 5,266 31.5 8,793 52.6 16,729 Rosthern 837 7.0 7,398 62.0 3,700 31.0 11,935 Saskatoon 7,013 25.4 8,868 32.1 11,749 42.5 27,630 Swift Current 1,761 10.9 7,595 47.1 6,776 42.0 16,132 The Battlefords 1,948 11.7 8,034 48.1 6,715 40.2 16,697 Yorkton 858 4.5 8,706 45.6 8,419 44.1 1,111 5.8 19,094 Province Totals 53,624 14.4 161,887 43.4 152,399 40.9 3,474 0.9 1,531 0.4 372,915 Rejected 2,556 Total Vote Cast 375,471 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (20) Lab. Prog. = 1,531 2 Table 11-8 Saskatchewan—1953 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Assiniboia 1,860 9.1 7,218 35.4 10,596 52.0 698 3.4 20,372 Humboldt-Melfort 1,674 8.0 8,068 38.6 9,512 45.5 1,647 7.9 20,901 Kindersley 1,096 5.4 8,531 41.7 8,672 42.4 2,168 10.6 20,467 Mackenzie 840 4.6 7,466 40.9 8,021 43.9 1,386 7.6 554 3.0 18,267 Meadow Lake 1,079 9.3 5,080 43.7 3,470 29.9 1,817 15.6 177 1.5 11,623 Melville 1,142 5.7 10,024 50.0 8,092 40.4 783 3.9 20,041 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 4,480 18.9 6,021 25.4 12,436 52.4 792 3.3 23,729 Moose Mountain 8,552 46.7 8,697 47.5 1,067 5.8 18,316 Prince Albert 10,038 44.1 5,409 23.7 7,037 30.9 295 1.3 22,779 Qu’Appelle 4,930 27.1 6,988 38.5 5,612 30.9 644 3.5 18,174 Regina City 2,958 9.3 13,008 40.9 14,558 45.7 1,014 3.2 294 0.9 31,832 Rosetown-Biggar 2,360 11.5 5,516 26.8 11,404 55.5 877 4.3 387 1.9 20,544 Rosthern 1,643 8.7 8,616 45.5 6,347 33.5 2,333 12.3 18,939 Saskatoon 4,661 18.6 7,028 28.1 12,056 48.2 990 4.0 264 1.1 24,999 271 : Saskatchewan Table 11-8 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Swift Current-Maple Creek 1,432 6.1 10,088 43.2 9,947 42.6 1,471 6.3 392 1.7 23,330 The Battlefords 1,345 7.2 8,481 45.2 8,922 47.6 18,748 Yorkton 7,399 35.1 11,027 52.3 1,915 9.1 751 3.6 21,092 Province Totals 41,538 11.7 133,493 37.7 156,406 44.2 18,810 5.3 3,906 1.1 354,153 Rejected 2,326 Total Vote Cast 356,479 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (17) Lab. Prog. = 3,906 9 Table 11-9 Saskatchev Riding /an—1957 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Assiniboia 1,931 8.7 8,862 40.1 10,389 47.0 903 4.1 22,085 Humboldt-Melfort 4,736 23.1 5,412 26.4 7,326 35.7 3,025 14.8 20,499 Kindersley 3,777 16.8 7,336 32.6 8,605 38.3 2,767 12.3 22,485 Mackenzie 3,289 18.5 5,299 29.8 7,231 40.7 1,956 11.0 17,775 Meadow Lake 2,443 19.2 4,140 32.5 3,253 25.5 2,921 22.9 12,757 Melville 2,596 13.3 7,949 40.6 7,590 38.8 1,429 7.3 19,564 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 9,455 32.7 6,876 23.8 9,834 34.0 2,740 9.5 28,905 Moose Mountain 3,683 18.5 6,373 32.0 6,770 33.9 3,117 15.6 19,943 Prince Albert 12,349 53.1 5,119 22.0 5,795 24.9 23,263 Ou'Appelle 6,217 34.2 5,512 30.4 4,279 23.6 2,150 11.8 18,158 Regina City 10,504 25.7 12,456 30.5 14,561 35.7 2,958 7.2 334 0.8 40,813 Rosetown-Biggar 5,552 25.5 4,994 22.9 9,846 45.2 1,375 6.3 21,767 Rosthern 6,828 36.2 5,830 30.9 6,193 32.9 18,851 Saskatoon 12,905 38.3 6,786 20.1 12,022 35.7 2,003 5.9 33,716 Swift Current-Maple Creek 4,255 16.5 9,639 37.3 8,930 34.5 3,028 11.7 25,852 The Battlefords 4,325 20.4 6,287 29.6 8,320 39.2 2,298 10.8 21,230 Yorkton 2,342 10.4 8,414 37.5 9,712 43.3 1,967 8.8 22,435 Province Totals 90,359 23.2 118,282 30.3 140,293 36.0 40,830 10.5 334 0.1 390,098 Rejected 2,231 Total Vote Cast 392,329 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (17) Lab Prog. = 212 1 Ind. = 122 1 272 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 11-10 Saskatchewan—1958 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 6,360 29.4 6,173 28.5 9,104 42.1 21,637 Humboldt-Melfort 9,975 49.6 3,501 17.4 6,619 32.9 20,095 Kindersley 8,935 41.9 5,362 25.1 7,027 33.0 21,324 Mackenzie 9,138 53.1 2,511 14.6 5,559 32.3 17,208 Meadow Lake 6,830 53.3 3,272 25.5 2,719 21.2 12,821 Melville 8,440 42.6 5,673 28.6 5,698 28.8 19,811 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 18,736 59.6 4,030 12.8 8,535 27.1 146 0.5 31,447 Moose Mountain 9,287 46.1 5,130 25.5 5,712 28.4 20,129 Prince Albert 16,583 72.1 2,538 11.0 3,870 16.8 22,991 Qu'Appelle 10,514 59.0 4,357 24.5 2,941 16.5 17,812 Regina City 24,424 54.4 7,844 17.5 12,391 27.6 262 0.6 44,921 Rosetown-Biggar 9,962 47.7 2,886 13.8 8,051 38.5 20,899 Rosthern 8,166 46.2 4,446 25.1 3,322 18.8 1,745 9.9 17,679 Saskatoon 24,622 60.9 5,505 13.6 10,324 25.5 40,451 Swift Current-Maple Creek 11,618 45.3 6,932 27.0 6,921 27.0 196 0.8 25,667 The Battlefords 10,970 54.0 2,975 14.6 6,363 31.3 20,308 Yorkton 9,882 43.9 4,986 22.1 7,644 34.0 22,512 Province Totals 204,442 51.4 78,121 19.6 112,800 28.4 1,745 0.4 604 0.2 397,712 Rejected 2,237 Total Vote Cast 399,949 Vote Cast for "Other" : Lab. Prog. = 458 Ind. = 146 Ridings (17) 2 1 Table 11-11 Saskatchewan—1962 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Assiniboia 7,386 34.7 5,153 24.2 7,739 36.4 1,009 4.7 21,287 Humboldt-Melfort-Tisdale 11,551 52.3 4,157 18.8 5,071 22.9 1,319 6.0 22,098 Kindersley 9,170 41.5 6,170 27.9 5,088 23.0 1,674 7.6 22,102 Mackenzie 9,457 49.1 4,348 22.6 4,360 22.7 767 4.0 317 1.6 19,249 Meadow Lake 7,587 52.1 4,140 28.4 2,834 19.5 14,561 Melville 8,520 43.9 5,702 29.4 4,313 22.2 859 4.4 19,394 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 19,456 52.0 7,924 21.2 8,347 22.3 1,720 4.6 37,447 Moose Mountain 8,695 42.8 6,271 30.8 4,156 20.4 1,214 6.0 20,336 Prince Albert 18,276 70.8 2,745 10.6 4,173 16.2 627 2.4 25,821 Qu’Appelle 10,680 58.5 4,291 23.5 2,188 12.0 1,113 6.1 18,272 Regina City 22,164 50.4 7,529 17.1 12,736 28.9 1,583 3.6 44,012 Rosetown-Biggar 11,720 52.7 4,101 18.4 5,362 24.1 1,069 4.8 22,252 Rosthern 10,626 53.6 4,345 21.9 3,193 16.1 1,652 8.3 19,816 273 : Saskatchewan Table 11-11 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Saskatoon 25,341 55.9 8,592 19.0 9,842 21.7 1,556 3.4 45,331 Swift Current-Maple Creek 10,814 41.1 7,809 29.6 6,009 22.8 1,711 6.5 26,343 The Battlefords 11,740 53.5 5,045 23.0 5,166 23.5 21,951 Yorkton 10,202 44.0 5,768 24.9 5,453 23.5 1,775 7.7 23,198 Province Totals 213,385 50.4 94,090 22.2 96,030 22.7 19,648 4.6 317 0.1 423,470 Rejected 2,956 Total Vote Cast 426,426 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (17) Comm. = 317 1 Table 11-12 Saskatche Riding wan—1963 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Assiniboia 9,393 44.8 7,311 34.9 3,683 17.6 575 2.7 20,962 Humboldt-Melfort-Tisdale 12,010 56.6 3,970 18.7 4,245 20.0 983 4.6 21,208 Kindersley 9,944 45.8 5,957 27.5 4,461 20.6 1,335 6.2 21,697 Mackenzie 10,010 57.1 2,940 16.8 3,706 21.1 691 3.9 179 1.0 17,526 Meadow Lake 7,819 56.5 3,710 26.8 2,319 16.7 13,848 Melville 9,412 48.4 5,629 29.0 3,464 17.8 925 4.8 19,430 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 20,958 54.8 8,283 21.6 7,439 19.4 1,581 4.1 38,261 Moose Mountain 9,949 49.7 5,962 29.8 3,270 16.3 843 4.2 20,024 Prince Albert 17,824 71.4 3,206 12.8 3,373 13.5 565 2.3 24,968 QuAppelle 10,690 60.2 4,312 24.3 2,028 11.4 729 4.1 17,759 Regina City 19,605 46.2 12,234 28.8 9,016 21.2 1,360 3.2 264 0.6 42,479 Rosetown-Biggar 11,984 55.4 4,268 19.7 4,661 21.5 716 3.3 21,629 Rosthern 11,351 60.4 3,804 20.2 2,428 12.9 1,213 6.5 18,796 Saskatoon 26,237 53.3 13,499 27.4 8,262 16.8 1,256 2.6 49,254 Swift Current-Maple Creek 12,963 49.1 7,058 26.8 4,917 18.6 1,444 5.5 26,382 The Battlefords 12,108 58.2 4,179 20.1 3,771 18.1 746 3.6 • 20,804 Yorkton 12,443 53.9 4,425 19.2 5,083 22.0 1,148 5.0 23,099 Province Totals 224,700 53.7 100,747 24.1 76,126 18.2 16,110 3.9 443 0.1 418,126 Rejected 1,847 Total Vote Cast 419,973 Vote Cast for "Other': Ridings (17) Comm. = 308 2 Ind. =135 1 274 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 11-13 Saskatchewan—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % 1 dumber % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 7,913 38.7 7,294 35.7 4,934 24.1 303 1.5 20,444 Humboldt-Melfort-Tisdale 11,256 54.8 3,604 17.5 5,135 25.0 561 2.7 20,556 Kindersley 9,223 45.0 5,650 27.5 5,640 27.5 20,513 Mackenzie 9,760 57.1 3,033 17.8 4,288 25.1 17,081 Meadow Lake 6,919 54.0 3,520 27.5 2,379 18.6 12,818 Melville 8,843 46.7 5,242 27.7 4,122 21.8 734 3.9 18,941 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 18,087 45.3 10,332 25.9 10,495 26.3 977 2.4 39,891 Moose Mountain 8,781 46.1 5,375 28.2 4,459 23.4 426 2.2 19,041 Prince Albert 15,635 65.1 3,453 14.4 4,227 17.6 718 3.0 24,033 Qu'Appelle 9,579 57.5 4,033 24.2 2,658 16.0 375 2.3 16,645 Regina City 15,437 40.3 11,018 28.8 10,955 28.6 721 1.9 179 0.5 38,310 Rosetown-Biggar 8,658 42.1 4,368 21.2 7,067 34.4 465 2.3 20,558 Rosthern 10,042 55.5 3,773 20.9 3,571 19.7 704 3.9 18,090 Saskatoon 21,036 44.6 10,529 22.3 15,025 31.8 619 1.3 47,209 Swift Current-Maple Creek 11,227 44.8 6,700 26.7 6,238 24.9 923 3.7 25,088 The Battlefords 10,297 49.3 4,478 21.4 6,107 29.2 20,882 Yorkton 10,561 47.5 4,338 19.5 7,326 33.0 22,225 Province Totals 193,254 48.0 96,740 24.0 104,626 26.0 7,526 1.9 179 0.0 402,325 Rejected 2,306 Total Vote Cast 404,631 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (17) Comm. = 179 1 Table 11-14 Saskatchewan—1968 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 9,541 33.5 9,636 33.8 9,295 32.6 28,472 Battleford-Kindersley 9,941 35.0 7,872 27.7 10,583 37.3 28,396 Mackenzie 8,578 42.3 4,199 20.7 7,512 37.0 20,289 Meadow Lake 7,688 39.7 4,932 25.4 6,080 31.4 689 3.6 19,389 Moose Jaw 10,496 35.6 7,000 23.7 11,982 40.6 29,478 Prince Albert 17,850 56.0 5,025 15.8 8,979 28.2 31,854 Qu'Appelle-Moose Mountain 12,429 42.1 8,299 28.1 8,765 29.7 29,493 Regina East 13,449 34.2 11,986 30.5 13,641 34.7 230 0.6 39,306 Regina-Lake Centre 13,572 : 31.0 13,104 29.9 17,102 39.1 43,778 Saskatoon-Biggar 13,309 i 35.7 8,071 21.6 15,928 42.7 37,308 Saskatoon-Humboldt 14,444 32.6 15,210 34.3 14,655 33.1 44,309 Swift Current-Maple Creek 11,237 ’ 39.6 6,930 24.4 10,207 36.0 28,374 Yorkton-Melville 10,699 I 31.5 10,068 29.6 13,212 38.9 33,979 Province Totals 153,233 1 37.0 112,332 27.1 147,941 35.7 919 0.2 414,425 Rejected 2,368 Total Vote Cast 416,793 Vote Cast tor "Other": Ind. = 689 Comm. = 230 Ridings (13) 1 1 275 : Saskatchewan Table 11-15 Saskatchewan—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % 1 Number % Total Assiniboia 8,843 32.3 7,799 28.4 9,936 36.2 839 3.1 27,417 Battleford-Kindersley 10,373 35.4 8,286 28.3 10,122 34.6 498 1.7 29,279 Mackenzie 8,164 41.5 3,311 16.8 7,675 39.0 513 2.6 19,663 Meadow Lake 7,171 36.0 4,948 24.8 7,194 36.1 619 3.1 19,932 Moose Jaw 11,967 40.0 5,767 19.3 11,685 39.0 526 1.8 29,945 Prince Albert 19,410 59.5 3,613 11.1 9,115 27.9 421 1.3 61 0.2 32,620 Qu’Appelle-Moose Mountain 14,707 52.3 6,184 22.0 6,834 24.3 392 1.4 28,117 Regina East 17,781 42.5 7,892 18.9 15,175 36.3 774 1.8 231 0.6 41,853 Regina-Lake Centre 16,392 34.2 11,429 23.8 18,983 39.6 1,134 2.4 47,938 Saskatoon-Biggar 13,246 33.8 8,641 22.0 16,777 42.8 529 1.3 39,193 Saskatoon-Humboldt 12,533 23.1 24,733 45.7 16,426 30.3 463 0.9 54,155 Swift Current-Maple Creek 11,500 40.1 7,165 25.0 9,275 32.4 584 2.0 138 0.5 28,662 Yorkton-Melville 7,542 22.4 9,574 28.4 15,998 47.4 425 1.3 191 0.6 33,730 Province Totals 159,629 36.9 109,342 25.3 155,195 35.9 7,717 1.8 621 0.1 432,504 Rejected 9,742 Total Vote Cast 442,246 Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (13) None = 422 2 Ind. =199 2 Table 11-16 Saskatchew Riding 'an—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Assiniboia 7,105 26.5 9,986 37.3 9,441 35.3 246 0.9 26,778 Battleford-Kindersley 10,666 36.6 10,751 36.9 7,711 26.5 29,128 Mackenzie 8,292 40.4 4,190 20.4 7,590 37.0 440 2.1 20,512 Meadow Lake 7,419 38.5 4,684 24.3 6,743 34.9 448 2.3 19,294 Moose Jaw 11,678 41.4 6,120 21.7 10,113 35.9 281 1.0 28,192 Prince Albert 17,787 59.1 5,426 18.0 6,496 21.6 366 1.2 30,075 Qu'Appelle-Moose Mountain 13,124 47.3 8,169 29.5 5,799 20.9 321 1.2 316 1.1 27,729 Regina East 15,030 36.9 12,538 30.8 12,651 31.0 301 0.7 239 0.6 40,759 Regina-Lake Centre 15,558 32.9 14,341 30.3 16,874 35.7 387 0.8 142 0.3 47,302 Saskatoon-Biggar 14,296 38.0 9,797 26.0 13,084 34.8 473 1.3 37,650 Saskatoon-Humboldt 11,592 24.6 23,243 49.2 11,826 25.1 548 1.2 47,209 Swift Current-Maple Creek 11,336 41.5 8.091 29.6 7,477 27.4 390 1.4 27,294 Yorkton-Melville 6,963 21.8 9,946 31.1 14,586 45.6 338 1.1 179 0.6 32,012 Province Totals 150,846 36.4 127,282 30.7 130,391 31.5 4,539 1.1 876 0.2 413,934 Rejected 1,334 Total Vote Cast 415,268 Vote Cast for “Other": Comm. = 334 Ind. = 316 M.-L. = 226 Ridings (13) 2 1 2 276 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 11-17 Saskatchewan—1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 12,365 36.6 9,955 29.5 11,183 33.1 292 0.9 33,795 Humboldt-Lake Centre 13,066 39.1 6,967 20.9 12,681 38.0 668 2.0 33,382 Kindersley-Lloydminster 16,614 49.3 6,809 20.2 10,254 30.4 33,677 Mackenzie 13,050 47.9 3,421 12.6 10,370 38.1 384 1.4 27,225 Moose Jaw 16,031 48.5 5,583 16.9 11,122 33.7 313 0.9 33,049 Prince Albert 16,438 49.0 5,158 15.4 11,979 35.7 33,575 Qu’Appelle-Moose Mountain 16,023 53.8 6,737 22.6 7,008 23.5 29,768 Regina East 12,972 31.6 12,645 30.8 15,022 36.6 344 0.8 116 0.3 41,099 Regina West 14,217 31.2 11,817 25.9 19,340 42.4 175 0.4 58 0.1 45,607 Saskatoon East 13,256 32.1 12,631 30.6 15,234 36.9 117 0.3 64 0.2 41,302 Saskatoon West 20,174 46.2 6,837 15.6 15,094 34.5 221 0.5 1,369 3.1 43,695 Swift Current-Maple Creek 15,213 52.3 5,171 17.8 8,720 30.0 29,104 The Battlefords-Meadow Lake 11,003 37.9 7,318 25.2 10,327 35.6 353 1.2 29,001 Yorkton-Melville 11,381 32.4 5,501 15.7 16,677 47.5 1,566 4.5 35,125 Province Totals 201,803 41.2 106,550 21.8 175,011 35.8 2,514 0.5 3,526 0.7 489,404 Rejected 1,328 Total Vote Cast 490,732 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Vote Cast for “Other”: Ridings (14) Ind. = 3,212 3 Comrr i. = 65 1 M.-L. = 249 4 Table 11-18 Saskatchewan—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 11,251 35.9 10,167 32.5 9,710 31.0 178 0.6 31,306 Humboldt-Lake Centre 11,591 36.4 6,981 21.9 13,243 41.6 31,815 Kindersley-Lloydminster 14,220 46.3 6,631 21.6 9,589 31.2 294 1.0 30,734 Mackenzie 10,794 41.6 4,548 17.5 10,435 40.2 165 0.6 25,942 Moose Jaw 14,330 46.4 5,713 18.5 10,641 34.5 188 0.6 30,872 Prince Albert 10,819 32.5 10,919 32.8 11,601 34.8 33,339 Qu’Appelle-Moose Mountain 13,676 49.6 6,042 21.9 7,872 28.5 27,590 Regina East 12,602 34.1 10,302 27.8 13,630 36.8 476 1.3 37,010 Regina West 13,374 32.5 10,190 24.8 17,353 42.2 206 0.5 41,123 Saskatoon East 12,373 32.9 11,483 30.5 12,985 34.5 791 2.1 37,632 Saskatoon West 17,636 43.3 8,116 19.9 14,852 36.5 97 0.2 40,701 Swift Current-Maple Creek 12,917 48.0 5,673 21.1 8,338 31.0 26,928 The Battlefords-Meadow Lake 9,343 34.1 8,088 29.5 9,819 35.8 178 0.6 27,428 Yorkton-Melville 12,450 37.3 5,664 17.0 15,240 45.7 33,354 Province Totals 177,376 38.9 110,517 24.2 165,308 36.3 178 .0 2,395 0.5 455,774 Rejected 1,465 Total Vote Cast 457,239 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (14) Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (14) None = 953 3 M.-L. = 276 4 Rhino = 596 2 Comm. = 204 2 Ind. = 302 2 Libert. = 64 1 277 : Saskatchewan Table 11-19 Saskatchewan—1984 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Assiniboia 16,026 47.2 6,472 19.1 10,853 32.0 595 1.8 33,946 Humboldt-Lake Centre 13,166 38.0 6,005 17.3 15,087 43.5 429 1.2 34,687 Kindersley-Lloydminster 20,436 58.3 3,979 11.3 10,229 29.2 419 1.2 35,063 Mackenzie 11,403 40.0 4,961 17.4 10,848 38.1 1,269 4.5 28,481 Moose Jaw 15,803 46.0 4,762 13.9 13,338 38.8 446 1.3 34,349 Prince Albert 13,062 34.8 10,886 29.0 13,359 35.6 262 0.7 37,569 Qu'Appelle-Moose Mountain 14,470 49.8 4,898 16.9 8,414 29.0 1,257 4.3 29,039 Regina East 15,185 33.3 9,554 20.9 20,474 44.9 408 0.9 45,621 Regina West 16,066 31.5 10,405 20.4 23,865 46.8 635 1.2 50,971 Saskatoon East 17,087 36.9 11,901 25.7 16,670 36.0 627 1.4 46,285 Saskatoon West 26,012 49.7 6,355 12.1 18,910 36.1 1,091 2.1 52,368 Swift Current-Maple Creek 14,590 49.7 5,967 20.3 8,196 27.9 582 2.0 29,335 The Battlefords-Meadow Lake 12,895 43.3 4,002 13.4 12,559 42.2 319 1.1 29,775 Yorkton-Melville 11,800 33.4 4,996 14.1 18,116 51.3 400 1.1 35,312 Province Totals 218.001’ 41.7 95,143 31.2 200,918 65.9 8,739 2.9 304,800’ Rejected 1,766 Total Vote Cast 524,567’ Vote Cast for "Other": CRWP = 6,491 Rhino = 1,148 Ind. = 711 Ridings (14) 14 3 2 Vote Cast for “Other": GP = 314 Comm. = 75 Ridings (14) 2 1 ’Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows one less vote than is revealed by the analysis by riding from Part IV of the Report. Table 11-21 Saskatchewan Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1938-1986 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % June 8, 1938 52,366 11.9 38 73.1 200,370 45.5 10 19.2 82,568 18. June 15,1944 42,511 10.7 5 9.6 140,901 35.4 47 90.4 211,364 53. June 24, 1948 37,986 7.6 19 36.5 152,400 30.6 31 59.6 236,900 47. June 11, 1952 10,648 2.0 11 20.8 211,882 39.3 42 79.2 291,705 54. June 29, 1956 10,921 2.0 14 26.4 167,427 30.3 36 67.9 249,634 45. June 8, 1960 94,737 13.9 17 31.5 221,932 32.7 37 68.5 276,846 40. April 4, 1964 1 1.7 126,028 18.9 32 55.2 269,402 40.4 25 43.1 268,742 40. October 11, 1967 41,583 9.8 35 59.3 193,871 45.6 24 40.7 188,653 44. June 23, 1971 9,659 2.1 15 25.0 193,864 42.8 45 75.0 248,978 55. June 11,1975 7 11.5 124,573 27.6 15 24.6 142,853 31.7 39 63.9 180,700 40. October 18, 1978 17 27.9 181,045 38.1 65,498 13.8 44 72.1 228,791 48. April 26, 1982 55 85.9 289,311 54.1 24,134 4.5 9 14.1 201,390 37. October 20, 1986 38 59.4 244,382 44.6 1 1.6 54,739 10.0 25 39.1 247,683 45. Totals and Means 118 15.9 18.7 202 27.2 31.0 414 55.7 43. ’CCF through 1960. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others 3 One seat declared void. 278 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 11-20 Saskatchewan—1988 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Kindersley-Lloydminster 15,089 45.0 5,039 15.0 11,198 33.4 2,217 6.6 Mackenzie 12,649 36.9 4,988 14.6 15,931 46.5 689 2.0 Moose Jaw-Lake Centre 15,508 41.1 5,980 15.9 15,916 42.2 287 0.8 Prince Albert-Churchill River 8,234 25.9 5,007 15.8 17,915 56.4 599 1.9 Regina-Lumsden 9,934 26.5 5,840 15.6 21,593 57.6 139 0.4 Regina-Ou’Appelle 10,854 31.5 5,028 14.6 18,608 54.0 Regina-Wascana 15,339 34.0 14,804 32.8 14,829 32.9 141 0.3 Saskatoon-Clark's Crossing 14,689 35.8 6,494 15.8 19,669 47.9 225 0.5 Saskatoon-Dundurn 13,859 31.8 8,389 19.3 20,886 47.9 435 1.0 Saskatoon-Humboldt 14,793 36.1 8,442 20.6 17,703 43.2 Souris-Moose Mountain Swift Current-Maple Creek- 17,200 46.8 6,965 19.0 11,916 32.4 642 1.7 Assiniboia 15,968 44.1 7,958 22.0 11,827 32.7 468 1.3 The Battlefords-Meadow Lake 13,804 40.4 5,152 15.1 14,516 42.5 658 1.9 Yorkton-Melville 12,543 34.6 5,149 14.2 18,523 51.1 Province Totals 190,463 41.7 95,235 18.2 231,030 44.2 6,500 1.2 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (14) Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (14) RP = 3,861 CRWP = 2,083 GP = 225 None = 139 Social Credit 4 6 2 1 Comm. = Libert. = Com'lth. = Other 2 76 65 51 1 1 1 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2 3.8 69,720 15.8 2 3.8 35,249 8.0 52 440,273 249 0.1 2,777 0.7 52 397,802 40,268 8.1 2 3.8 30,513 6.1 52 498,067 21,045 3.9 4,313 0.8 53 539,593 3 5.7 118,491 21.5 5,250 1.0 53 551,723 83,895 12.4 1,797 0.3 54 3 679,207 2,621 0.4 68 0.0 58 3 666,861 1,296 0.3 59 425,403 235 0.1 60 452,736 2,897 0.6 61 451,023 81 0 61 475,415 20,250 3.8 64 535,085 1,126 0.2 64 547,930 5 0.7 4.8 4 0.5 1.7 743 Total 33,543 34,257 37,691 31,755 37,506 34,490 45,113 41,077 43,569 40,938 36,723 36,221 34,130 36,215 523,228 1,465 524,693 279 : Saskatchewan 12 Alberta This 50-year history of Alberta’s elections can be summarized in a single sentence. Initially, it was the home of the right-wing Social Credit Party, briefly flirted with the Liberals, and is now utterly dominated in both federal as well as pro¬ vincial elections by the Progressive Conserva¬ tives. Macpherson has described the situation as a “quasi-party system,” 1 a point of view for which there is some disagreement. 2 Table 2-1 revealed that, in 1935, the new Social Credit Party received 17 of 245 seats— a remarkable performance for a party making its first national appearance. The overwhelming bulk of these, 15, came from Alberta. Organized as a political party in that province in 1932, 3 Social Credit received more than 54 percent of the provincial vote in August 1935 and almost 47 percent of the federal vote in Alberta in 1935, levels it was never to reach again. In its first electoral test, the 1935 provincial elections, the Socreds took 56 of the 63 seats available, a re¬ markable performance for any party, major or minor. We return to the provincial results after more detailed examination of the federal elec¬ tion returns. Following its initial success in 1935, Social Credit was able to win a majority of Alberta’s seats in Commons through the first 6 elections (i.e., through 1957) of this period, won none in 1958, and gained only 2 seats in the 1962, 1963, and 1965 elections. From this last suc¬ cess their proportion of the total vote declined to less than 1 percent. Simultaneously, the Progressive Conserva¬ tives started with only one seat in 1935, lost it in 1940, won no more than 3 seats in each of the 4 elections starting with 1945, and then had a spectacular showing in the 1958 election, winning all 17 seats. In 1968 the Liberals were able to capture 4 seats but have been blanked since then. In the 5 elections starting with 1972, the Tories won 126 of the 127 seats, the one loss being to the ndp in 1988. Even allowing for their poor initial showing in 1935, the Progres¬ sive Conservatives have won two-thirds of all of Alberta’s seats in Commons. This has been taking place with increas¬ ingly wide margins, as most of the contests since 1972 have been won by 25 percent or more. Hence, Alberta has gone from a position in which Social Credit could win a majority of seats, albeit by relatively smaller margins, to one of overwhelming dominance by the Pro¬ gressive Conservatives. Following its initial suc¬ cess in 1958, in which it received almost 60 percent of the popular vote, the party slipped in 1962 to less than 43 percent (while still win¬ ning 14 of the 17 seats) and steadily increased its share of the popular vote in almost every election. It should be pointed out that the modest showings by the Liberals have not come about because of an absence of organization inso¬ far as ballot appearances are concerned. They have challenged for every seat since 1935, a record which is not matched by any other party. Nonetheless, these efforts have met with scant electoral success, as they run a poor third be¬ hind Social Credit in terms of number of seats won. Since 1968 their high-water mark in terms of absolute numbers as well as proportion of votes, the Liberals have slipped virtually every year. Indeed, in 1984 and 1988 they fell to third place in votes received to the ndp, which finally won its first seat in Alberta in 1988.' 1 It should be pointed out that, although the ndp has not shown any major attraction to the Alberta elec¬ torate, this is not for want of trying. Since 1962 281 : Alberta it has run candidates in every Alberta riding, although it has yet to match its high-water mark of more than 18 percent of the vote in 1945, running under its earlier appellation as the ccf. In provincial elections we see a 36-year dominance of the Legislative Assembly by So¬ cial Credit from 1935 to 1971, when the Pro¬ gressive Conservatives first captured Alberta's government. While the latter have not been as dominant in the provincial as federal elections, their successes have been closely parallel, if somewhat longer in coming about. Recall that in 1958 the Tories jumped from 3 to 17 seats in the federal election. Similarly, having won only 6 out of 63 seats in the 1967 provincial election, they jumped to 49 out of 75 in 1971, establishing and holding a firm majority ever since. Only in 1986 after Premier Peter Lougheed had earlier stepped down did the Tories have a setback of any sort, dropping from 75 to 61 seats, while the ndp jumped from 2 to 16. 5 In each case, that of Social Credit and Progressive Conservatives, the winning party has profited by an unusually large maldistribution of seats as compared to actual votes received. Notes 1. C B Macpherson, Democracy in Alberta: Social Credit and the Party System (2d ed ; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962), pp. 237ff. 2. See, for instance, Seymour Martin Lipset, "Democracy in Alberta," Canadian Forum 34 (November 1954), 175-77. Table 12-1 Alberta—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 1 5.9 40,236 16.9 1 5.9 50,539 21.2 30,921 13 1940 35,116 13.0 7 41.2 102,060 37.9 35,082 13 1945 2 11.8 58,077 18.7 2 11.8 67,662 21.8 57,077 18 1949 2 11.8 56,947 16.8 5 29.4 116,647 34.5 31,329 9 1953 2 11.8 49,450 14.5 4 23.5 118.941 35.0 23,573 6 1957 3 17.6 118,225 27.6 1 5.9 119,190 27.9 27,127 6 1958 17 100.0 269,689 59.9 61,583 13.7 19,666 4 1962 15 88.2 214,699 42.8 97,322 19.4 42,305 8 1963 14 82.4 249,067 45.3 1 5.9 121,473 22.1 35,775 6 1965 15 88.2 247,734 46.6 119,014 22.4 43,818 8 1968 15 78.9 283,987 50.4 4 21.1 201,045 35.7 52,720 9 1972 19 100.0 409.857 57.6 177,599 25.0 89,811 12 1974 19 100.0 417,422 61.2 168,973 24.8 63,310 6 1979 21 100.0 559,588 65.6 188,295 22.1 84,236 9 1980 21 100.0 516,079 64.9 176,601 22.2 81,755 10 1984 21 100.0 701,344 68.8 129,945 12.7 143,588 14 1988 25 96.2 601,639 51.8 159,418 13.7 1 3.8 202,093 17 Totals and Means 212 67.1 42.5 25 7.9 24.9 1 0.3 10 i CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 282 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 3. See, among others, John A. Irving, The Social Credit Movement in Alberta (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1959), and Harvey Rich, "One-Party Dominance in Alberta, Canada," Political Science 31 (December 1979), 117-24. 4. On the problems of the Liberal Party in the west, see David E. Smith, The Regional Decline of a National Party: Liberals on the Prairies (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981). 5. On the general subject of Alberta's provincial politics, see Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scar¬ borough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), pp. 444-502. An older but still useful contribution is J. Anthony Long and F. Q. Quo, “Alberta: Politics of Consensus," in Martin A. Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces 2d ed.; Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), pp. 1-27. For an insight regarding the personalistic basis of the Alberta Tory organization, see Robert Mason Lee, "Glory Days," Saturday Night 101 (February 1986), 13-24. Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes umber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 15 88.2 111,627 46.8 5,190 2.2 17 238,513 10 58.8 93,023 34.5 4,062 1.5 17 269,343 13 76.5 113,821 36.6 14,136 4.5 17 310,773 10 58.8 126,409 37.4 6,799 2.0 17 338,131 11 64.7 138,847 40.8 9,430 2.8 17 340,241 13 76.5 161,697 37.8 1,413 0.3 17 427,652 97,141 21.6 1,810 0.4 17 449,889 2 11.8 146,662 29.2 997 0.2 17 501,985 2 11.8 141,956 25.8 1,255 0.2 17 549,526 2 11.8 119,586 22.5 1,275 0.2 17 531,427 26,083 4.6 19 563,835 31,689 4.5 1,996 0.3 19 710,952 22,909 3.4 9,955 1.5 19 682,569 8,164 1.0 12,894 1.5 21 853,177 8,158 1.0 12,852 1.6 21 795,445 5,965 0.6 38,697 3.8 21 1,019,539 199,334 17.1 26 1,162,484 78 24.7 20.2 1.6 316 283 : Alberta Table 12-2 Alberta—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total Pro 9- Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candi . Chang j ng Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935 17 14 1 4 17 1 2 15 18 15 6 9 70 15 1940 17 10 1 17 1 6 15 17 10 5 3 62 6 1945 17 16 2 17 2 5 17 17 10 3 13 80 5 1949 17 14 2 17 2 3 13 17 10 3 4 65 3 1953' 17 12 2 17 3 2 13 17 9 2 12 71 2 1957 17 17 2 1 17 1 3 15 17 11 2 3 69 3 1958 17 17 3 14 17 1 15 17 13 4 70 14 1962 17 17 15 2 17 17 17 2 3 71 2 1963 17 17 14 1 17 1 17 17 2 4 72 1 1965 17 17 14 1 17 1 17 17 2 3 71 1 1968 2 19 19 9 1 2 19 3 19 3 2 6 66 4 1972 19 19 15 4 19 4 19 19 2 78 4 1974 19 19 19 19 19 17 16 90 1979 1 21 21 16 21 21 9 23 95 1980 21 21 21 21 21 15 30 108 1984 21 21 21 21 21 15 45 123 1988 2 26 26 12 1 26 26 1 87 164 1 Totals 316 297 166 23 11 316 10 13 18 300 1 249 54 24 23 264 9 1,425 61 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 16 seats which are comparable to the previous election, following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 13 seats which are comparable to the previous election. Table 12-3 Alberta—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 1 2 2 3 2 7 17 1940 5 6 4 2 17 1945 1 3 4 4 2 3 17 1949 4 1 2 5 4 1 17 1953 4 4 3 1 4 1 17 1957 3 2 3 3 5 1 17 1958 1 1 2 13 17 1962 2 4 3 5 2 1 17 1963 3 4 1 3 1 5 17 1965 1 3 2 1 4 6 17 1968 4 5 2 1 7 19 1972 1 2 3 13 19 1974 2 4 13 19 1979 1 20 21 1980 1 20 21 1984 1 20 21 1988 1 3 2 1 3 16 26 Totals 29 38 30 31 39 149 316 Means 9.2 12.0 9.5 9.8 12.3 47.2 284 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 12-4 Alberta—1935 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 1,024 9.8 1,444 13.8 1,859 17.7 6,166 58.8 Athabaska 1,269 12.2 3,007 28.8 5,424 52.0 733 7.0 Battle river 1,614 12.0 1,812 13.5 3,015 22.4 7,029 52.2 Bow River 3,091 21.8 1,242 8.8 2,315 16.3 7,529 53.1 Calgary East 6,009 33.4 2,576 14.3 1,020 5.7 8,376 46.6 Calgary West 9,172 50.4 2,130 11.7 686 3.8 5,817 31.9 411 2.3 Camrose 2,438 18.4 2,051 15.5 8,776 66.2 Edmonton East 2,827 17.4 4,889 30.2 1,726 10.6 6,099 37.6 671 4.1 Edmonton West 4,781 26.7 6,471 36.1 1,967 11.0 3,768 21.0 949 5.3 Jasper-Edson 5,405 36.8 2,067 14.1 7,208 49.1 Lethbridge 2,990 23.4 2,109 16.5 737 5.8 6,516 51.0 425 3.3 Macleod 2,100 14.5 1,761 12.2 3,577 24.7 7,028 48.6 Medicine Hat 1,971 15.2 4,229 32.7 6,752 52.1 Peace River 869 7.5 3,546 30.6 1,646 14.2 5,513 47.6 Red Deer 1,648 12.4 1,861 14.0 1,855 14.0 7,901 59.6 Vegreville 871 6.5 2,818 21.0 3,628 27.0 4,124 30.7 2,001 14.9 Wetaskiwin 2,801 21.3 2,772 21.0 7,601 57.7 Province Totals 40,236 16.9 50,539 21.2 30,921 13.0 111,627 46.8 5,190 2.2 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other Comm. = 2,672 Reconstn. = 1,785' Tech. = 733 Ridings (17) 2 3 1 'Details of the Reconstruction vote can be found in Scarrow (1962). Total 10,493 10,433 13,470 14,177 17,981 18,216 13,265 16,212 17,936 14,680 12,777 14,466 12,952 11,574 13,265 13,442 13,174 238,513 2,594 241,107 285 : Alberta Table 12-5 Alberta—1940 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Acadia 3,740 45.0 802 9.7 3,767 45.3 8,309 Athabaska 5,961 46.5 2,052 16.0 4,817 37.5 12,830 Battle River 3,808 31.1 3,401 27.8 5,045 41.2 12,254 Bow River 3,248 20.6 4,050 25.7 2,197 13.9 5,410 34.3 847 5.4 15,752 Calgary East 4,987 23.6 5,815 27.5 4,986 23.6 5,330 25.2 21,118 Calgary West 6,896 34.8 7,299 36.9 1,444 7.3 4,159 21.0 19,798 Camrose 4,443 34.5 2,065 16.0 6,359 49.4 12,867 Edmonton East 2,302 11.2 8,948 43.7 1,962 9.6 7,279 35.5 20,491 Edmonton West 4,054 18.7 12,350 56.9 1,616 7.4 3,695 17.0 21,715 Jasper-Edson 1,835 11.1 6,283 37.9 2,102 12.7 6,363 38.4 16,583 Lethbridge 3,605 23.3 5,538 35.7 6,362 41.0 15,505 Macleod 3,039 18.2 4,829 28.9 2,180 13.1 6,655 39.8 16,703 Medicine Hat 9,439 63.1 5,524 36.9 14,963 Peace River 6,426 41.3 3,307 21.2 5,347 34.3 488 3.1 15,568 Red Deer 2,694 17.7 4,134 27.2 2,771 18.3 5,583 36.8 15,182 Vegreville 4,605 32.7 1,658 11.8 5,083 36.1 2,727 19.4 14,073 Wetaskiwin 2,456 15.7 4,392 28.1 2,539 16.2 6,245 40.0 15,632 Province Totals 35,116 13.0 102,060 37.9 35,082 13.0 93,023 34.5 4,062 1.5 269,343 Rejected 3,075 Total Vote Cast 272,418 Vote Cast for "Other": Un. Prog = 2,727 Comm. = 847 Ind. = 488 Ridings (17) 1 1 1 Table 12-6 Alberta—1945 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 1,211 11.3 2,035 19.0 1,903 17.8 5,556 51.9 10,705 Athabaska 1,375 9.3 5,301 35.8 1,756 11.8 4,823 32.5 1,564 IQ.6 14,819 Battle River 1,661 12.8 1,722 13.2 2,604 20.0 6,250 48.0 790 6.1 13,027 Bow River 3,917 22.9 2,091 12.2 3,386 19.8 6,569 38.4 1,149 6.7 17,112 Calgary East 7,799 31.5 4,771 19.3 5,646 22.8 5,854 23.7 672 2.7 24,742 Calgary West 8,872 38.4 5,011 21.7 3,641 15.8 4,766 20.6 791 3.4 23,081 Camrose 1,880 12.0 2,501 16.0 4,045 25.9 7,194 46.1 15,620 Edmonton East 4,115 16.7 5,313 21.5 5,833 23.6 8,214 33.3 1,223 5.0 24,698 Edmonton West 6,002 23.3 8,562 33.2 4,112 16.0 6,565 25.5 524 2.0 25,765 Jasper-Edson 1,902 9.7 4,663 23.8 4,829 24.7 7,313 37.3 876 4.5 19,583 Lethbridge 2,985 17.9 3,820 22.9 2,165 13.0 7,250 43.5 439 2.6 16,659 Macleod 3,924 23.0 2,620 15.4 2,569 15.1 6,342 37.2 1,613 9.5 17,068 Medicine Hat 2.647 16.2 4,631 28.4 2,301 14.1 6,752 41.3 16,331 Peace River 2,732 15.3 4,109 23.1 3,666 20.6 7,319 41.1 17,826 286 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 12-6 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal GCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Red Deer 3,636 19.5 2,666 14.3 2,984 16.0 8,653 46.5 677 3.6 18,616 Vegreville 4,806 28.5 1,668 9.9 7,146 42.3 3,272 19.4 16,892 Wetaskiwin 3,419 18.8 3,040 16.7 3,969 21.8 7,255 39.8 546 3.0 18,229 Province Totals 58,077 18.7 67,662 21.8 57,077 18.4 113,821 36.6 14,136 4.5 310,773 Rejected 5,090 Total Vote Cast 315,863 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (17) Lab. Prog. = 14,136 14 Table 12-7 Alberta—1949 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 4,186 41.5 5,897 58.5 10,083 Athabaska 1,139 6.9 7,566 45.5 1,738 10.5 4,982 30.0 1,198 7.2 16,623 Battle River 4,337 30.9 1,977 14.1 7,708 55.0 14,022 Bow River 2,558 14.2 4,449 24.7 1,530 8.5 8,537 47.3 969 5.4 18,043 Calgary East 9,641 35.9 8,555 31.8 3,083 11.5 5,597 20.8 26,876 Calgary West 11,457 42.7 8,619 32.1 6,785 25.3 26,861 Camrose 1,448 9.2 4,497 28.6 2,402 15.3 7,364 46.9 15,711 Edmonton East 3,816 12.6 10,964 36.1 2,961 9.8 7,972 26.3 4,632 15.3 30,345 Edmonton West 8,325 26.7 14,333 46.0 2,285 7.3 6,215 19.9 31,158 Jasper-Edson 2,053 10.3 7,288 36.5 3,839 19.2 6,797 34.0 19,977 Lethbridge 2,460 13.0 5,760 30.5 1,801 9.5 8,880 47.0 18,901 Macleod 3,314 20.2 4,066 24.7 1,647 10.0 7,411 45.1 16,438 Medicine Hat 2,346 12.7 6,069 32.8 10,086 54.5 18,501 Peace River 1,562 7.9 7,404 37.2 3,202 16.1 7,727 38.8 19,895 Red Deer 3,488 18.0 3,604 18.6 1,710 8.8 10,549 54.5 19,351 Vegreville 8,859 55.4 7,128 44.6 15,987 Wetaskiwin 3,340 17.3 6,091 31.5 3,154 16.3 6,774 35.0 19,359 Province Totals 56,947 16.8 116,647 34.5 31,329 9.3 126,409 37.4 6,799 2.0 338,131 Rejected 3,091 Total Vote Cast 341,222 Vote Cast for "Other”: Ridings (17) Ind. SC = 4,598 2 Lab. Prog. = 2,201 2 287 : Alberta Table 12-8 Alberta—1953 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Acadia 7,503 43.3 1,856 10.7 7,956 45.9 17,315 Athabaska 7,293 47.4 990 6.4 5,945 38.6 1,168 7.6 15,396 Battle River-Camrose 1,784 9.8 4,531 24.8 2,261 12.4 9,238 50.6 426 2.3 18,240 Bow River 2,698 17.5 4,698 30.5 7,320 47.6 671 4.4 15,387 Calgary North 11,002 37.3 8,191 27.8 1,578 5.4 8,293 28.1 426 1.4 29,490 Calgary South 12,491 41.8 8,689 29.1 1,501 5.0 6,829 22.9 339 1.1 29,849 Edmonton East 2,651 12.2 7,574 34.8 1,805 8.3 8,802 40.5 912 4.2 21,744 Edmonton-Strathcona 4,012 16.8 8,901 37.3 2,182 9.2 8,750 36.7 23,845 Edmonton Eest 4,851 18.5 11,301 43.0 1,977 7.5 7,776 29.6 362 1.4 26,267 Jasper-Edson 6,938 36.9 3,242 17.2 7,639 40.6 987 5.2 18,806 Lethbridge 1,783 10.4 5,676 33.0 9,737 56.6 17,196 Macleod 3,625 20.2 4,298 23.9 721 4.0 8,685 48.4 620 3.5 17,949 Medicine Hat 1,161 6.0 8,919 46.0 9.305 48.0 19,385 Peace River 7,599 36.7 2,079 10.0 10,151 49.0 867 4.2 20,696 Red Deer 1,474 8.8 5,076 30.2 1,136 6.8 8,792 52.4 306 1.8 16,784 Vegreville 8,023 47.0 6,709 39.3 2,346 13.7 17,078 Wetaskiwin 1,918 12.9 3,731 25.2 2,245 15.2 6,920 46.7 14,814 Province Totals 49,450 14.5 118,941 35.0 23,573 6.9 138,847 40.8 9,430 2.8 340,241 Rejected 3,017 Total Vote Cast 343,258 Vote Cast for “Other'': Lab. Prog. = 9,155 Ind. = 275 Ridings (17) 12 1 Table 12-9 Alberta—1957 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 1,852 9.5 5,825 29.8 1,520 7.8 10,348 52.9 19,545 Athabaska 2,116 11.8 7,453 41.5 1.381 7.7 7,029 39.1 17,979 Battle River-Camrose 3,808 17.0 5,523 24.6 2,180 9.7 10,945 48.7 • 22,456 Bow River 7,039 37.2 4,493 23.8 7,383 39.0 18,915 Calgary North 21,783 54.7 6,429 16.1 1,545 3.9 10,066 25.3 39,823 Calgary South 21,065 53.4 11,599 29.4 1,033 2.6 5,738 14.6 39,435 Edmonton East 3,927 14.3 10,683 39.0 1,797 6.6 10,967 40.1 27,374 Edmonton-Strathcona 10,525 28.6 10,731 29.1 2,434 6.6 13,124 35.6 36,814 Edmonton West 14,173 34.7 12,606 30.9 2,249 5.5 11,814 28.9 40,842 Jasper-Edson 4,391 20.1 6,296 28.9 2,322 10.6 8,795 40.3 21,804 Lethbridge 3,041 14.8 6,627 32.2 10,910 53.0 20,578 Macleod 5,073 26.3 4,774 24.8 1,001 5.2 8,411 43.7 19,259 Medicine Hat 2,391 10.2 8,390 35.9 1,262 5.4 10,960 46.9 386 1.7 23,389 Peace River 5,896 24.8 5,515 23.2 1,783 7.5 10,393 43.7 212 0.9 23,799 Red Deer 5,918 29.6 3,471 17.4 1,073 5.4 9,519 47.6 19,981 288 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 12-9 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Vegreville 1,780 9.8 5,048 27.7 3,246 17.8 7,327 40.2 815 4.5 18,216 Wetaskiwin 3,447 19.8 3,727 21.4 2,301 13.2 7,968 45.7 17,443 Province Totals 118,225 27.6 119,190 27.9 27,127 6.3 161,697 37.8 1,413 0.3 427,652 Rejected 3,582 Total Vote Cast 431,234 Vote Cast for "Other": Lab. Prog. = 815 Ind. SC = 386 Ind. = 212 Ridings (17) 1 1 1 Table 12-10 Alberta—1958 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 9,669 50.4 2,995 15.6 942 4.9 5,597 29.1 19,203 Athabaska 9,751 51.7 4,473 23.7 820 4.4 3,806 20.2 18,850 Battle River-Camrose 13,049 57.4 2,216 9.7 1,340 5.9 6,137 27.0 22,742 Bow River 12,695 63.1 1,772 8.8 5,646 28.1 20,113 Calgary North 30,930 72.0 4,555 10.6 2,018 4.7 5,484 12.8 42,987 Calgary South 29,482 70.5 7,039 16.8 1,416 3.4 3,884 9.3 41,821 Edmonton East 15,236 54.3 4,413 15.7 1,220 4.4 6,441 23.0 726 2.6 28,036 Edmonton-Strathcona 25,885 61.3 7,218 17.1 1,838 4.4 7,270 17.2 42,211 Edmonton West 30,937 66.7 8,544 18.4 2,023 4.4 4,893 10.5 46,397 Jasper-Edson 12,522 57.3 3,683 16.9 1,396 6.4 4,240 19.4 21,841 Lethbridge 13,364 58.3 2,714 11.8 6,471 28.2 361 1.6 22,910 Macleod 11,911 59.0 1,907 9.5 736 3.6 5,623 27.9 20,177 Medicine Hat 10,886 46.3 2,572 10.9 907 3.9 9,151 38.9 23,516 Peace River 13,328 58.8 2,535 11.2 1,064 4.7 5,737 25.3 22,664 Red Deer 11,569 54.5 1,537 7.2 1,029 4.8 7,087 33.4 21,222 Vegreville 7,918 46.5 1,706 10.0 1,326 7.8 5,360 31.5 723 4.2 17,033 Wetaskiwin 10,557 58.1 1,704 9.4 1,591 8.8 4,314 23.7 18,166 Province Totals 269,689 59.9 61,583 13.7 19,666 4.4 97,141 21.6 1,810 0.4 449,889 Rejected 3,088 Total Vote Cast 452,977 Vote Cast for "Other": Lab. Prog. = 1,196 Ind. SC = 361 Ind. PC = 253 Ridings (17) 2 1 1 289 : Alberta Table 12-11 Alberta—1962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Acadia 8,440 42.9 2,150 10.9 1,021 5.2 7,565 38.4 500 2.5 19,676 Athabasca 9,678 45.6 5,554 26.2 1,306 6.2 4,679 22.1 21,217 Battle River-Camrose 12,883 53.4 2,976 12.3 1,488 6.2 6,758 28.0 24,105 Bow River 10,733 46.4 3,944 17.0 1,629 7.0 6,844 29.6 23,150 Calgary North 22,446 44.5 9,919 19.7 4,910 9.7 13,143 26.1 50,418 Calgary South 21,927 46.4 12,837 27.2 3,654 7.7 8,806 18.6 47,224 Edmonton East 9,291 33.5 6,771 24.4 4,023 14.5 7,657 27.6 27,742 Edmonton-Strathcona 16,030 34.4 11,996 25.7 5,001 10.7 13,585 29.1 46,612 Edmonton West 19,681 36.0 16,749 30.7 5,402 9.9 12,780 23.4 54,612 Jasper-Edson 12,371 48.5 4,122 16.2 2,132 8.4 6,896 27.0 25,521 Lethbridge 11,105 44.1 3,595 14.3 1,806 7.2 8,693 34.5 25,199 Macleod 9,605 45.8 3,133 15.0 1,245 5.9 6,970 33.3 20,953 Medicine Hat 9,355 37.1 3,942 15.6 1,499 5.9 10,453 41.4 25,249 Peace River 12,897 48.2 3,671 13.7 2,605 9.7 7,603 28.4 26,776 Red Deer 9,343 37.7 1,608 6.5 1,181 4.8 12,645 51.0 24,777 Vegreville 9,710 52.5 1,432 7.7 1,688 9.1 5,159 27.9 497 2.7 18,486 Wetaskiwin 9,204 45.4 2,923 14.4 1,715 8.5 6,426 31.7 20,268 Province Totals 214,699 42.8 97,322 19.4 42,305 8.4 146,662 29.2 997 0.2 501,985 Rejected 3,767 Total Vote Cast 505,752 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. = 497 Ind. Lib. = 311 ACP = 189 Ridings (17) 1 1 1 Table 12-12 Alberta—1963 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 10,616 51.9 1,995 9.7 840 4.1 7,018 34.3 20,469 Athabasca 12,074 54.5 5,416 24.5 1,045 4.7 3,601 16.3 22,136 Battle River-Camrose 15,565 60.8 2,752 10.8 1,283 5.0 5,984 23.4 25,584 Bow River 11,461 45.9 4,589 18.4 1,481 5.9 7,460 29.9 24,991 Calgary North 21,966 38.7 14,653 25.8 4,792 8.4 15,386 27.1 56,797 Calgary South 19,760 36.7 21,619 40.1 3,760 7.0 8,753 16.2 53,892 Edmonton East 13,582 41.7 7,950 24.4 3,645 11.2 7,057 21.7 340 1.0 32,574 Edmonton-Strathcona 18,880 35.4 16,195 30.3 4,464 8.4 13,841 25.9 53,380 Edmonton West 26,578 42.3 20,720 33.0 4,091 6.5 11,466 18.2 62,855 Jasper-Edson 14,776 56.2 4,833 18.4 1,457 5.5 5,238 19.9 26,304 Lethbridge 11,475 43.3 4,284 16.2 1,277 4.8 9,271 35.0 193 0.7 26,500 Macleod 9,785 45.3 2,866 13.3 1,143 5.3 7,795 36.1 21,589 Medicine Hat 10,829 40.2 3,734 13.9 1,271 4.7 11,080 41.2 26,914 290 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 12-12 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Peace River 16,111 58.6 3,059 11.1 1,760 6.4 6,564 23.9 27,494 Red Deer 11,149 41.1 2,702 10.0 1,082 4.0 12,182 44.9 27,115 Vegreville 12,859 67.4 1,579 8.3 1,132 5.9 2,777 14.6 722 3.8 19,069 Wetaskiwin 11,601 53.1 2,527 11.6 1,252 5.7 6,483 29.7 21,863 Province Totals 249,067 45.3 121,473 22.1 35,775 6.5 141,956 25.8 1,255 0.2 549,526 Rejected 2,638 Total Vote Cast 552,164 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (17) Comm. = 795 2 Ind. = 460 2 Table 12-13 Alberta Riding —1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Acadia 10,813 57.2 1,786 9.5 911 4.8 5,384 28.5 18,894 Athabasca 11,652 54.1 6,692 31.0 1,016 4.7 2,197 10.2 21,557 Battle River-Camrose 14,015 57.9 2,927 12.1 1,745 7.2 5,531 22.8 24,218 Bow River 12,611 53.1 3,615 15.2 1,836 7.7 5,671 23.9 23,733 Calgary North 23,810 43.3 16,029 29.1 5,412 9.8 9,742 17.7 54,993 Calgary South 20,640 39.1 20,525 38.9 3,678 7.0 7,970 15.1 52,813 Edmonton East 13,596 45.0 6,228 20.6 3,222 10.7 6,752 22.4 385 1.3 30,183 Edmonton-Strathcona 21,004 38.1 16,431 29.8 5,572 10.1 11,696 21.2 493 0.9 55,196 Edmonton West 30,548 49.2 18,402 29.7 4,389 7.1 8,704 14.0 62,043 Jasper-Edson 14,909 58.8 4,617 18.2 2,354 9.3 3,477 13.7 25,357 Lethbridge 10,147 41.0 4,882 19.7 1,673 6.8 8,032 32.5 24,734 Macleod 8,706 44.3 3,142 16.0 1,307 6.7 6,487 33.0 19,642 Medicine Hat 6,958 27.6 3,835 15.2 1,420 5.6 12,997 51.6 25,210 Peace River 14,960 54.1 3,578 12.9 4,411 16.0 4,700 17.0 27,649 Red Deer 10,448 39.8 2,093 8.0 1,340 5.1 12,383 47.1 26,264 Vegreville 12,163 69.8 2,151 12.3 925 5.3 1,798 10.3 397 2.3 17,434 Wetaskiwin 10,754 50.0 2,081 9.7 2,607 12.1 6,065 28.2 21,507 Province Totals 247,734 46.6 119,014 22.4 43,818 8.2 119,586 22.5 1,275 0.2 531,427 Rejected 3,443 Total Vote Cast 534,870 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (17) Comm. = 782 2 Ind. = 493 1 291 : Alberta Table 12-14 Alberta—1968 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Athabasca 8,852 47.1 7,626 40.6 2,315 12.3 18,793 Battle River 15,725 64.4 4,124 16.9 1,827 7.5 2.756 11.3 24,432 Calgary Centre 16,977 47.1 16,676 46.2 2,413 6.7 36,066 Calgary North 21,708 49.9 18,185 41.8 3,648 8.4 43,541 Calgary South 19,716 45.9 20,472 47.6 2,798 6.5 42,986 Crowfoot 16,508 73.4 4,783 21.3 1,185 5.3 22,476 Edmonton Centre 12.062 34.6 11.811 33.9 3,054 8.8 7,912 22.7 34,839 Edmonton East 15,764 46.1 12,739 37.2 5,292 15.5 410 1.2 34,205 Edmonton-Strathcona 15,228 37.8 21,074 52.4 2,745 6.8 1,206 3.0 40,253 Edmonton West 19,612 49.4 17,306 43.6 2,793 7.0 39,711 Lethbridge 11,901 44.9 8,193 30.9 2,442 9.2 3.941 14.9 26,477 Medicine Hat 8,809 36.0 9,015 36.9 2,401 9.8 4,237 17.3 24,462 Palliser 16.967 60.3 9,147 32.5 2,014 7.2 28,128 Peace River 11,825 55.6 4,620 21.7 4,830 22.7 21,275 Pembina 17,578 58.8 9,342 31.3 2,963 9.9 29,883 Red Deer 17,930 62.2 8.541 29.6 2,349 8.2 28,820 Rocky Mountain 5,792 29.7 7,355 37.7 2,093 10.7 4,272 21.9 19,512 Vegreville 15,855 64.6 5,066 20.6 2,277 9.3 1,349 5.5 24,547 Wetaskiwin 15,178 64.8 4,970 21.2 3,281 14.0 23,429 Province Totals 283,987 50.4 201,045 35.7 52,720 9.4 10,934 1.9 15,149 2.7 563,835 Rejected 3,581 Total Vote Cast 567,416 Vote Cast for "Other Ridings (19) Ind. Lib. = 8,599 2 Cons. = 3,585 1 Ind. PC = 1.349 1 Ind. = 1,206 1 Comm. = 410 1 Table 12-15 Alberta—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Athabasca 12,936 60.2 4,871 22.7 2,677 12.5 989 4.6 • 21,473 Battle River 16,268 63.6 3,277 12.8 3,427 13.4 2,613 10.2 25,585 Calgary Centre 22,669 53.3 13,110 30.8 5,538 13.0 1,081 2.5 133 0.3 42,531 Calgary North 30,973 59.2 12.647 24.2 6.630 12.7 1,851 3.5 192 0.4 52,293 Calgary South 34,925 58.1 18.437 30.7 5,386 9.0 1,233 2.1 110 0.2 60,091 Crowfoot 18,667 75.5 2,591 10.5 1.686 6.8 1,768 7.2 24,712 Edmonton Centre 21,443 53.6 11,165 27.9 6,166 15.4 1,006 2.5 240 0.6 40,020 Edmonton East 21,137 51.6 11,997 29.3 6,493 15.8 1,139 2.8 217 0.5 40,983 Edmonton-Strathcona 26,908 49.7 16,625 30.7 9,098 16.8 1,272 2.4 215 0.4 54,118 Edmonton West 29,876 50.5 21,040 35.6 6,770 11.5 1,419 2.4 59,105 Lethbridge 18,845 57.8 7,601 23.3 3,941 12.1 2,219 6.8 32,606 Medicine Hat 15,027 53.7 9,403 33.6 2,033 7.3 1,519 5.4 27,982 292 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 12-15 (Continued) Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Palliser 29,284 64.1 8,854 19.4 5,000 10.9 2,563 5.6 45,701 Peace River 14,255 56.1 3,324 13.1 5,678 22.3 1,904 7.5 260 1.0 25,421 Pembina 23,864 56.1 9,879 24.1 5,710 13.9 1,184 2.9 421 1.0 41,058 Red Deer 20,943 61.3 5,762 16.9 3,852 11.3 3,631 10.6 34,188 Rocky Mountain 12,984 51.6 7,973 31.7 3,112 12.4 1,080 4.3 25,149 Vegreville 19,500 72.9 3,747 14.0 2,639 9.9 642 2.4 208 0.8 26,736 Wetaskiwin 19,353 62.0 5,296 17.0 3,975 12.7 2,576 8.3 31,200 Province Totals 409,857 57.6 177,599 25.0 89,811 12.6 31,689 4.5 1,996 0.3 710,952 Rejected 11,386 Total Vote Cast 722,338 Vote Cast for “Other": None = 1,694 Ind. = 302 Ridings (19) 7 2 Table 12-16 Alberta—1974 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Athabasca 13,157 63.3 5,243 25.2 2,372 11.4 20,772 Battle River 16,819 68.1 3,674 14.9 2,157 8.7 2,058 8.3 24,708 Calgary Centre 23,810 63.2 9,912 26.3 3,072 8.1 646 1.7 261 0.7 37,701 Calgary North 30,175 64.7 10,773 23.1 4,332 9.3 1,358 2.9 46,638 Calgary South 41,530 68.2 14,116 23.2 3,558 5.8 1,120 1.8 607 1.0 60,931 Crowfoot 18,048 75.5 3,477 14.5 1,071 4.5 1,307 5.5 23,903 Edmonton Centre 18,165 54.3 10,501 31.4 3,717 11.1 766 2.3 309 0.9 33,458 Edmonton East 18,321 51.9 11,122 31.5 4,413 12.5 1,119 3.2 353 1.0 35,328 Edmonton-Strathcona 25,808 54.7 14,337 30.4 5,426 11.5 1,146 2.4 437 0.9 47,154 Edmonton West 29,990 52.3 21,094 36.8 4,605 8.0 1,270 2.2 370 0.6 57,329 Lethbridge 20,602 63.5 7,075 21.8 3,329 10.3 1,428 4.4 32,434 Medicine Hat 15,525 54.9 9,273 32.8 1,961 6.9 1,538 5.4 28,297 Palliser 34,185 68.9 10,125 20.4 3,708 7.5 1,590 3.2 49,608 Peace River 14,153 60.6 5,068 21.7 3,941 16.9 196 0.8 23,358 Pembina 19,172 43.5 12,196 27.7 4,266 9.7 973 2.2 7,422 16.9 44,029 Red Deer 22,251 66.7 5,645 16.9 2,791 8.4 2,670 8.0 33,357 Rocky Mountain 16,042 61.1 6,236 23.7 2,750 10.5 1,230 4.7 26,258 Vegreville 18,328 72.2 3,461 13.6 2,935 11.6 671 2.6 25,395 Wetaskiwin 21,341 66.9 5,645 17.7 2,906 9.1 2,019 6.3 31,911 Province Totals 417,422 61.2 168,973 24.8 63,310 9.3 22,909 3.4 9,955 0.5 682,569 Rejected 2,080 Total Vote Cast 684,649 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (19) Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (19) None = 7,148 1 Comm. = 745 4 Ind. = 1,524 6 M.-L. = 538 6 293 : Alberta Table 12-17 Alberta—1979 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Athabasca 15,978 58.7 7,843 28.8 2,770 10.2 645 2.4 Bow River 25,973 63.1 4,633 11.2 2,200 5.3 8,378 20.3 Calgary Centre 22,124 59.1 10,555 28.2 4,095 10.9 522 1.4 141 0.4 Calgary East 28,320 60.9 11,019 23.7 5,172 11.1 805 1.7 1,199 2.6 Calgary North 27,994 64.3 10,794 24.8 4,227 9.7 552 1.3 Calgary South 37,900 66.5 14,839 26.1 3,584 6.3 460 0.8 174 0.3 Calgary West 28,474 65.4 10,762 24.7 3,694 8.5 512 1.2 104 0.2 Crowfoot 25,202 77.1 5,947 18.2 1,529 4.7 Edmonton East 18,699 56.1 9,253 27.7 5,154 15.5 252 0.8 Edmonton North 24,618 60.5 10,259 25.2 5,673 13.9 122 0.3 Edmonton South 27,713 59.8 13,221 28.5 5,401 11.7 Edmonton-Strathcona 26,430 59.5 12,471 28.1 5,352 12.0 193 0.4 Edmonton West 21,423 55.7 12,222 31.8 4,624 12.0 215 0.6 Lethbridge-Foothills 29,069 69.9 7,345 17.7 3,720 8.9 1,282 3.1 174 0.4 Medicine Hat 28,893 72.3 6,630 16.6 3,053 7.6 1,412 3.5 Peace River 20,748 63.1 6,312 19.2 5,801 17.7 Pembina 33,722 66.7 11,877 23.5 4,953 9.8 Red Deer 33,226 74.8 6,338 14.3 2,856 6.4 1,974 4.4 Vegreville 26,448 78.4 3,848 11.4 3,191 9.5 264 0.8 Wetaskiwin 27,785 76.3 5,044 13.9 3,587 9.9 Yellowhead 28,849 70.0 7,083 17.2 3,600 8.7 1,678 4.1 Province Totals 559,588 65.6 188,295 22.1 84,236 9.9 8,164 1.0 12,894 1.5 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (21) Ind. = 9,601 3 None = 1,649 2 Comm. = 970 7 M.-L. = 500 6 Libert. = 174 1 294 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Total 27,236 41,184 37,437 46,515 43,567 56,957 43,546 32,678 33,358 40,672 46,335 44,446 38,484 41,590 39,988 32,861 50,552 44,394 33,751 36,416 41,210 853,177 2,360 855,537 Table 12-18 Alberta—1980 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Athabasca 13,287 47.5 9,822 35.1 4,218 15.1 463 1.7 196 0.7 Bow River 30,463 76.6 5,850 14.7 2,802 7.0 656 1.6 Calgary Centre 18,610 57.4 9,698 29.9 2,994 9.2 257 0.8 867 2.7 Calgary East 23,073 52.8 11,662 26.7 4,490 10.3 422 1.0 4,022 9.2 Calgary North 26,201 63.4 10,689 25.9 3,180 7.7 318 0.8 924 2.2 Calgary South 34,873 68.1 11,754 23.0 2,812 5.5 305 0.6 1,448 2.8 Calgary West 26,639 65.9 9,339 23.1 3,107 7.7 294 0.7 1,072 2.7 Crowfoot 23,491 76.6 4,761 15.5 1,912 6.2 498 1.6 Edmonton East 14,840 53.9 7,606 27.6 4,763 17.3 187 0.7 141 0.5 Edmonton North 21,442 59.0 9,696 26.7 5,107 14.0 112 0.3 Edmonton South 24,839 61.1 10,673 26.2 4,772 11.7 388 1.0 Edmonton-Strathcona 23,920 59.4 10,938 27.2 4,837 12.0 590 1.5 Edmonton West 18,730 56.2 9,999 30.0 3,886 11.7 692 2.1 Lethbridge-Foothills 27,307 68.6 6,882 17.3 3,974 10.0 1,031 2.6 614 1.5 Medicine Hat 25,908 70.3 6,462 17.5 3,453 9.4 1,022 2.8 Peace River 18,953 59.4 6,243 19.6 5,436 17.0 462 1.4 838 2.6 Pembina 31,490 64.7 11,464 23.6 5,260 10.8 465 1.0 Red Deer 31,758 74.7 6,180 14.5 3,345 7.9 1,203 2.8 Vegreville 25,682 74.8 4,373 12.7 3,172 9.2 575 1.7 529 1.5 Wetaskiwin 26,620 75.0 5,208 14.7 3,673 10.3 Yellowhead 27,953 69.5 7,302 18.1 4,562 11.3 419 1.0 Province Totals 516,079 64.9 176,601 22.2 81,755 10.3 8,158 1.0 12,852 1.6 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (21) Rhino = 5,555 8 None = 3,753 2 Ind. = 2,384 6 Comm. = 608 6 M.-L. = 552 10 Total 27,986 39,771 32,426 43,669 41,312 51,192 40,451 30,662 27,537 36,357 40,672 40,285 33,307 39,808 36,845 31,932 48,679 42,486 34,331 35,501 40,236 795,445 1,949 797,394 295 : Alberta Table 12-19 Alberta—1984 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Athabasca 23,997 68.3 4,222 12.0 6,001 17.1 332 0.9 578 1.6 Bow River 43,033 76.2 4,066 7.2 5,258 9.3 326 0.6 3,792 6.7 Calgary Centre 24,924 66.4 5,955 15.9 5,138 13.7 1,545 4.1 Calgary East 36,825 58.9 14,749 23.6 8,558 13.7 343 0.5 2,097 3.4 Calgary North 39,207 72.8 6,864 12.7 7,027 13.0 765 1.4 Calgary South 55,590 77.9 7,827 11.0 6,135 8.6 1,802 2.5 Calgary West 37,565 74.7 5,749 11.4 5,409 10.8 201 0.4 1,361 2.7 Crowfoot 26,291 77.8 2,483 7.4 3,153 9.3 294 0.9 1,559 4.6 Edmonton East 16,119 48.5 6,002 18.1 7,668 23.1 3,459 10.4 Edmonton North 29,074 57.3 8,311 16.4 12,305 24.2 345 0.7 714 1.4 Edmonton South 32,510 62.5 8,259 15.9 9,407 18.1 252 0.5 1,618 3.1 Edmonton-Strathcona 33,712 61.4 8,500 15.5 11,095 20.2 218 0.4 1,352 2.5 Edmonton West 25,764 58.8 9,673 22.1 7,339 16.8 1,023 2.3 Lethbridge-Foothills 31,316 67.4 5,315 11.4 6,822 14.7 456 1.0 2,571 5.5 Medicine Hat 33,978 75.8 4,025 9.0 4,652 10.4 772 1.7 1,427 3.2 Peace River 25,648 62.2 5,419 13.2 6,333 15.4 354 0.9 3,455 8.4 Pembina 44,026 70.6 7,228 11.6 9,792 15.7 1,342 2.2 Red Deer 41,695 75.4 5,195 9.4 5,201 9.4 691 1.3 2,494 4.5 Vegreville 32,480 80.2 2,775 6.9 3,793 9.4 372 0.9 1,078 2.7 Wetaskiwin 30,128 70.9 3,231 7.6 5,596 13.2 456 1.1 3,063 7.2 Yellowhead 37,462 74.0 4,097 8.1 6,906 13.6 553 1.1 1,602 3.2 Province Totals 701,344 68.8 129,945 12.7 143,588 14.1 5,965 0.6 38,967 3.8 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for ‘ Other”: Ridings (21) CRWP = 21,885 20 Ind. = 5,415 4 Rhino = 4,005 4 GP = 3,472 7 None = 2,145 1 Comm. = 902 6 Libert. = 737 3 Comm’lth. = 136 1 296 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Total 35,130 56,475 37,562 62,572 53,863 71,354 50,285 33,780 33,248 50,749 52,046 54,877 43,799 46,480 44,854 41,209 62,388 55,276 40,498 42,474 50,620 1,019,539 2,735 1,022,274 Table 12-20 Alberta—1988 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Athabasca 17,248 52.8 4,031 12.3 8,911 27.3 2,470 7.6 Beaver River 13,768 44.3 6,528 21.0 6,492 20.9 4,289 13.8 Calgary Centre 28,794 53.7 6,280 11.7 10,731 20.0 7,796 14.5 Calgary North 35,212 57.7 7,925 13.0 7,626 12.5 10,221 16.8 Calgary Northeast 25,890 54.7 7,663 16.2 7,319 15.5 6,451 13.6 Calgary Southeast 32,477 62.7 5,305 10.2 6,837 13.2 7,206 13.9 Calgary Southwest 40,397 65.2 7,147 11.5 5,024 8.1 9,425 15.2 Calgary West 32,025 58.5 6,880 12.6 6,355 11.6 9,469 17.3 Crowfoot 19,079 53.7 2,344 6.6 2,725 7.7 11,392 32.1 Edmonton East 14,394 36.5 7,167 18.2 15,051 38.2 2,791 7.1 Edmonton North 18,155 40.1 8,760 19.4 14,829 32.8 3,513 7.8 Edmonton Northwest 15,556 40.1 6,710 17.3 13,198 34.0 3,363 8.7 Edmonton Southeast 23,596 48.7 10,104 20.8 9,161 18.9 5,620 11.6 Edmonton Southwest 28,931 53.6 10,375 19.2 8,598 15.9 6,083 11.3 Edmonton-Strathcona 18,088 33.5 9,672 17.9 13,686 25.3 12,608 23.3 Elk Island 19,447 48.2 3,613 9.0 9,046 22.4 8,254 20.5 Lethbridge 26,724 58.4 8,529 18.6 4,489 9.8 6,048 13.2 Macleod 16,989 50.5 3,175 9.4 2,884 8.6 10,582 31.5 Medicine Hat 25,043 58.9 5,125 12.1 6,445 15.2 5,907 13.9 Peace River 23,363 54.3 5,758 13.4 7,389 17.2 6,525 15.2 Red Deer 23,966 52.7 4,704 10.4 5,723 12.6 11,047 24.3 St. Albert 19,945 46.7 7,140 16.7 8,370 19.6 7,240 17.0 Vegreville 24,561 65.3 2,926 7.8 6,035 16.1 4,074 10.8 Wetaskiwin 20,090 50.2 3,351 8.4 5,741 14.3 10,840 27.1 Wild Rose 20,054 48.2 4,209 10.1 3,254 7.8 14,104 33.9 Yellowhead 17,847 44.6 3,997 10.0 6,174 15.4 12,016 30.0 Province Totals 601,639 51.8 159,418 13.7 202,093 17.4 199,334 17.1 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for “Other": Ridings (26) RP = 178,531 26 CHP = 12,358 9 CRWP = 2,018 18 None = 1,342 11 Ind. = 1,188 4 Libert. = 1,158 4 Rhino = 1,068 4 GP = 1,013 3 Com'lth. = 371 5 Comm. = 287 3 Total 32,660 31,077 53,601 60,984 47,323 51,825 61,993 54,729 35,540 39,403 45,257 38,827 48,481 53,987 54,054 40,360 45,790 33,630 42,520 43,035 45,440 42,695 37,596 40,022 41,621 40,034 1,162,484 2,806 1,165,290 297 : Alberta Table 12-21 Alberta Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-1986 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number °/ August 22, 1935 2 3.2 19,358 6.4 5 7.9 69,845 23.1 March 21, 1940 1 1.8 2,755 0.9 34,316 11 August 8, 1944 2 3.5 70,307 24 August 17, 1948 2 3.5 52,655 17.9 2 3.5 56,387 19 August 5, 1952 2 3.3 10,971 3.7 3 5.0 66,738 22.4 1 1.7 41,929 14 June 29, 1955 3 4.9 34,757 9.2 15 24.6 117,741 31.1 2 3.3 31,180 8 June 18, 1959 1 1.5 98,730 23.9 1 1.5 57,408 13.9 17,899 4 June 17, 1963 51,278 12.7 2 3.2 79,709 19.8 38,133 9 May 23, 1967 6 9.2 129,544 26.0 3 4.6 53,847 10.8 79,610 16 August 30, 1971 49 65.3 296,934 46.4 6,475 1.0 1 1.3 73,038 11 March 26, 1975 69 92.0 369,764 62.7 29,424 5.0 1 1.3 76,360 12 March 14, 1979 74 93.7 408,097 57.4 43,792 6.2 1 1.3 111,984 15 November 2, 1982 75 94.9 588,485 62.3 17,074 1.8 2 2.5 177,166 18 May 8, 1986 61 73.5 366,783 51.4 4 4.8 87,239 12.2 16 19.3 208,561 29 Totals and Means 342 36.4 25.9 36 3.8 11.9 28 3.0 13 'CCF through 1959. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others 298 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total slumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 56 88.9 163,700 54.2 48,849 16.2 63 301,752 36 63.2 132,507 42.9 20 35.1 139,286 45.1 57 308,864 51 89.5 146,367 51.9 4 7.0 65,432 23.2 57 282,106 51 89.5 164,003 55.6 2 3.5 21,748 7.4 57 294,793 53 88.3 167,789 56.2 1 1.7 10,908 3.7 60 298,335 37 60.7 175,553 46.4 4 6.6 18,948 5.0 61 378,179 61 93.8 230,283 55.7 2 3.1 9,196 2.2 65 413,516 60 95.2 221,107 54.8 1 1.6 13,217 3.3 63 403,444 55 84.6 222,270 44.6 1 1.5 13,080 2.6 65 498,351 25 33.3 262,953 41.1 462 0.1 75 639,862 4 5.3 107,211 18.2 1 1.3 7,411 1.3 75 590,170 4 5.1 141,284 19.9 5,806 0.8 79 710,963 7,843 0.8 2 2.5 154,368 16.3 79 944,936 2 2.4 51,071 7.2 83 713,654 493 38.7 40 4.3 9.6 939 299 : Alberta 13 British Columbia Seldom is there as clear-cut an example of a dual party system as one finds in this province. 1 At the federal level there has been a relatively high degree of representation of the three major national parties, with some degree of alterna¬ tion, although the Tories have been somewhat dominant since 1974, winning between 12 and 19 seats in Commons. A short flirtation with Social Credit ended in 1965, when the Socreds last won any seats. Yet Social Credit has been the majority party in the provincial legislature following all but two elections since they first won representation in 1952. In that year a “re¬ alignment of the provincial party system” was begun and “completed the following year” when the Socreds established themselves as the long-term majority party. 2 In short, “the same electorate produces two quite different party systems in national and provincial politics, a situation which emphasizes the effect which federalism has on the development of political institutions.” 3 At the federal level British Columbia has had a more fractured and oscillating history than it has in provincial elections. The Liberals have won a majority of seats in Commons from British Columbia in three elections, those of 1940, 1949, and 1968. The Progressive Con¬ servatives have done so in 1958, and 4 straight starting with 1974. In the remaining 9 elections no party was able to command a majority of the British Columbia delegation. And in none of the 17 elections did any party command a majority of the popular vote. Hence, we find a relatively high degree of seats lost and gained by any of the parties that have regularly competed. Bearing in mind that in several of the elections analysis was limited to less than the full comple¬ ment of seats, owing to redistributions, we find that 290 seats (versus 383) were contested in these 17 elections. Of these, 107, or almost 37 percent, changed hands. It is also worthwhile to point out from these data that only the ccf/ndp contested every one of the seats. As we have seen, it has been rare for any party, in any province, to have such a record. This might account for the ccf/ndp’s relatively high degree of electoral success in British Columbia, in terms of both seats and pro¬ portion of votes won. This probably reflects the strong position of trade unions in British Colum¬ bia as compared to most of the other provinces. Since it started contesting elections in 1935, the ccf/ndp has never received as low as 20 percent of the British Columbia popular vote. Indeed, as the Liberals’ fortunes have declined in the last 4 elections, winning only 3 seats, the ndp has come to supplant them. An interesting facet of British Columbia’s federal contests has been the rise in the total number of candidates. In 1935 there were 66 candidates for 16 seats, a ratio of 4.1:1. This has varied somewhat, but since 1972 has been increasing steadily, from 4.1 to 6.8:1 in 1988, primarily because of a rise in candidacies we have labeled “other.” This is somewhat consis¬ tent with the experience of other provinces in terms of a general rise in this phenomenon, but the 1988 ratio places British Columbia ahead of Quebec in this regard. This may reflect a greater access to the ballot for would-be candidates, thus encouraging what might be considered frivolous candidacies. However, there is another possibility, and that is that ballot access is being used increasingly as a measure of dissent, if not for groups, at least for those individuals who run. Robin has described British Columbia as one which "has long been a fractured commu- 301 : British Columbia nity.” 4 This may be taken as yet one more piece of evidence for this assertion, bearing in mind that it is taking place in a political society that is already highly divisive in terms of the number of parties which successfully compete. British Columbia is one of the more elector- ally competitive provinces, as close to a quarter of all seats have been won by less than 5 per¬ cent of the vote. This doubtless reflects the fact that at least 3 parties and occasionally more have been able to win seats in every election we have examined. In the three elections, 1979-84, there was an increase in the number of seats decided by more than 25 percent, reflecting an increased hold by the Tories on selected seats, but still considerably less than that which took place when all seats are aggregated at the national level. In 1988 the number of such contests declined, however. In its provincial elections, we see a situa¬ tion which is quite unusual in Western politics in general and in Canada in particular. That is, British Columbia has had a government run by a minor party (Social Credit) virtually with¬ out interruption since 1953. In the one election (1972) they lost since taking power, they did so to another minor party, the ndp. And, even more remarkably, the Socred party leadership and head of the government under the Socreds long had a dynastic quality. First W. A. C. (“Wacky”) Bennett from 1953 to 1972, and then his son, Bill, served as premier. Three months after his father had resigned in 1972, the younger Ben¬ nett won his father’s seat in the legislature, becoming party leader two months later and premier in 1975. 5 Why has a minor party, one which has all but disappeared in federal elections and has not Table 13-1 British Columbia—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % 1935 5 31.3 71,034 24.6 6 37.5 91,729 31.8 3 18.8 97,015 33.6 1940 4 25.0 110,619 30.5 10 62.5 135,920 37.4 1 6.3 103,181 28.4 1945 5 31.3 128,529 30.0 5 31.3 117,737 27.5 4 25.0 125,945 29.4 1949 3 16.7 128,620 27.9 11 61.1 169,018 36.7 3 16.7 145,442 31.5 1953 3 13.6 66,426 14.1 8 36.4 145,570 30.9 7 31.8 125,487 26.6 1957 7 31.8 192,988 32.6 2 9.1 121,301 20.5 7 31.8 131,873 22.3 1958 18 81.8 308,971 49.4 100,889 16.1 4 18.2 153,405 24.5 1962 6 27.3 187,389 27.3 4 18.2 187,438 27.3 10 45.5 212,035 30.9 1963 4 18.2 172,501 23.4 7 31.8 237,896 32.3 9 40.9. 222,883 30.3 1965 3 13.6 139,226 19.2 7 31.8 217,726 30.0 9 40.9 239,132 32.9 1968 155,101 19.4 16 69.6 333,949 41.8 7 30.4 260,989 32.7 1972 8 34.8 313,253 33.0 4 17.4 274,468 28.9 11 47.8 332,345 35.0 1974 13 56.5 423,954 41.9 8 34.8 336,435 33.3 2 8.7 232,547 23.0 1979 19 67.9 530,380 44.3 1 3.6 274,946 23.0 8 28.6 381,678 31.9 1980 16 57.1 502,088 41.5 268,262 22.2 12 42.9 426,858 35.3 1984 19 67.9 668,432 46.6 1 3.6 235,394 16.4 8 28.6 502,331 35.1 1988 12 37.5 527,767 34.4 1 3.1 326,801 21.3 19 59.4 567,732 37.0 Totals and Means 145 37.9 31.8 91 23.8 28.1 124 32.4 30.6 'CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. 302 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 won a seat in British Columbia since the 1965 elections, come to be so dominant? One answer appears to lie in the fragmentation of the major parties themselves in terms of the inability of the national parties to give direction or assistance to the provincial organizations. Hence, in 1953 neither Liberals nor Progressive Conservatives were able to raise sufficient funds to wage a strong contest, nor have they been able to do so since then. Instead, money has flowed to the Socreds who have taken for themselves the position of the last defense against a Socialist (read ndp) government dominated by the labor unions. 6 And, as a consequence of controlling the legislature for so long, the Socreds have been able to continue their dominance through the device of malapportionment. Notes 1. For the most current extended analysis of this, see Donald E. Blake, Two Political Worlds: Parties and Voting in British Columbia (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1985). 2. Martin Robin, "British Columbia: The Company Prov¬ ince," in Martin Robin, ed., Canadian Provincial Politics: The Party Systems of the Ten Provinces (2d ed.: Scar¬ borough: Prentice-Hall, 1978), p. 49. 3. Rand Dyck, Provincial Politics in Canada (Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986), p. 550. 4. Robin, op. cit., p. 35. 5. For an acid review of the consequences of this, see Peter Sypnowich, "Return to Lotus Land," Saturday Night 101 (May 1986), 19-30. 6. Robin, op. cit., p. 57. Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1,796 0.6 2 6.3 27,209 9.4 16 288,783 506 0.1 1 6.3 12,918 3.6 16 363,144 9,890 2.3 2 12.5 46,340 10.8 16 428,441 2,109 0.5 1 5.6 15,879 3.4 18 461,068 4 18.2 123,278 26.1 10,762 2.3 22 471,523 6 27.3 143,145 24.2 2,232 0.4 22 591,539 59,762 9.6 2,515 0.4 22 625,542 2 9.1 97,396 14.2 1,931 0.3 22 686,189 2 9.1 97,846 13.3 4,846 0.7 22 735,972 3 13.6 126,532 17.4 3,368 0.5 22 725,984 48,703 6.1 23 798,742 25,107 2.6 3,116 0.3 23 948,289 12,433 1.2 5,512 0.5 23 1,010,881 1,885 0.2 7,023 0.6 28 1,195,912 1,763 0.1 10,841 0.9 28 1,209,812 3,094 0.2 23,797 1.7 28 1,433,048 1,169 0.1 111,548 7.3 32 1,535,017 17 4.4 6.6 6 1.6 2.9 383 303 : British Columbia Table 13-2 British Columbia—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candi . changing Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935' 16 15 4 1 3 15 4 1 1 16 2 2 18 1 1 i i 66 5 1940 16 15 3 1 1 15 7 3 16 1 2 1 6 1 i 53 4 1945 16 15 2 3 2 15 5 5 16 1 3 9 21 1 1 76 7 1949 2 18 15 2 2 16 4 6 18 2 1 4 2 5 1 i 56 7 1953 3 22 16 3 22 8 3 22 3 1 22 3 18 i 100 4 1957 22 22 3 4 22 2 6 22 6 1 1 21 4 2 4 91 7 1958 22 22 7 11 22 2 22 4 3 22 6 5 93 11 1962 22 22 6 12 21 4 22 4 6 4 2 4 73 12 1963 22 22 4 2 22 4 3 22 9 1 22 2 5 93 3 1965 22 22 3 1 22 7 22 9 22 2 1 8 96 1 1968 4 23 23 3 23 6 6 23 5 3 19 9 97 6 1972 23 23 8 23 4 12 23 7 4 19 6 94 12 1974 23 23 9 4 23 2 6 2 23 2 8 10 29 108 10 1979 4 28 28 10 2 28 1 5 28 1 3 4 31 119 5 1980 28 28 15 1 4 28 1 28 8 4 5 39 128 5 1984 28 28 15 4 1 28 1 28 8 4 7 71 162 5 1988 5 32 32 6 3 32 1 1 32 2 2 2 122 218 3 Totals 383 371 92 39 34 377 55 31 37 383 72 27 26 193 8 8 6 401 4 ; 2 4 1,723 107 1 Following a redistribution, analysis is limited to the 14 seats which are comparable to the previous election; 2 16 seats; 3 18 seats; 4 17 seats; 5 11 seats. Table 13-3 British Columbia—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 8 2 3 1 1 1 16 1940 5 5 3 1 1 1 16 1945 4 8 1 1 2 16 1949 2 5 3 4 1 3 18 1953 6 3 4 1 4 4 22 1957 5 1 6 4 4 2 22 1958 3 5 1 4 1 8 22 1962 7 5 2 1 1 6 22 1963 7 4 4 3 1 3 22 1965 4 3 6 2 5 2 22 1968 6 4 6 3 1 3 23 1972 5 3 5 4 4 2 23 1974 7 7 3 1 3 2 23 1979 5 5 3 4 4 7 28 1980 6 4 6 6 1 5 28 1984 4 6 4 2 5 7 28 1988 7 6 8 6 3 2 32 Totals 91 76 68 47 41 60 383 Means 23.8 19.8 17.8 12.3 10.7 15.7 304 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-4 British Columbia—1935 Election Results by Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cariboo 1,853 17.9 4,222 40.9 3,740 36.2 510 4.9 Comox-Alberni 1,509 15.9 2,437 25.6 5,574 58.6 Fraser Valley 4,359 34.5 3,379 26.8 3,630 28.7 1,261 10.0 Kamloops 2,974 26.6 4,190 37.5 2,920 26.1 1,084 9.7 Kootenay East 3,339 33.2 1,553 15.4 1,262 12.5 3,904 38.8 Kootenay West 4,995 42.2 3,149 26.6 3,689 31.2 Nanaimo 6,440 31.8 6,204 30.6 7,053 34.8 546 2.7 New Westminster 6,531 24.1 9,977 36.9 9,716 35.9 850 3.1 Skeena 1,751 21.2 3,898 47.2 2,611 31.6 Vancouver-Burrard 5,259 18.7 10,215 36.3 10,209 36.3 534 1.9 1,913 6.8 Vancouver Centre 5,187 23.1 7,658 34.1 7,522 33.4 2,123 9.4 Vancouver East 3,364 12.6 7,090 26.5 13,629 50.9 2,689 10.0 Vancouver North 3,025 14.0 7,705 35.6 8,641 40.0 2,255 10.4 Vancouver South 9,491 30.7 9,212 29.8 8,632 27.9 3,595 11.6 Victoria 7,505 35.3 6,378 30.0 6,482 30.5 905 4.3 Yale 6,791 41.3 5,113 31.1 4,551 27.7 Province Totals 71,034 24.6 91,729 31.8 97,015 33.6 1,796 0.6 27,209 9.4 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (16) Elected Reconstn. = 19,208' 13 Ind. = 5,196 2 Comm. = 1,555 1 Lab. = 999 1 Soc. 251 1 1 Details of the Reconstruction vote can be found in Scarrow (1962). Total 10,325 9,520 12,629 11,168 10,058 11,833 20,243 27,074 8,260 28,130 22,490 26,772 21,626 30,930 21,270 16,455 288,783 3,640 292,423 305 : British Columbia Table 13-5 British Columbia—1940 Election Results by Riding Riding Conservative Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cariboo 2,354 17.5 6,063 45.0 5,070 37.6 Comox-Alberni 3,835 27.4 10,156 72.6 Fraser Valley 6,211 39.5 6,638 42.2 2,877 18.3 Kamloops 4,290 31.9 5,621 41.8 3,538 26.3 Kootenay East 4,395 35.0 3,974 31.6 4,202 33.4 Kootenay West 6,771 39.1 4,137 23.9 6,389 36.9 Nanaimo 7,518 29.9 10,668 42.5 6,252 24.9 506 2.0 181 0.7 New Westminster 9,372 27.2 15,287 44.3 9,837 28.5 Skeena 1,472 15.6 4,980 52.7 2,845 30.1 145 1.5 Vancouver-Burrard 9,475 28.9 12,617 38.4 10,745 32.7 Vancouver Centre 9,338 30.2 12,100 39.2 8,427 27.3 1,038 3.4 Vancouver East 5,975 20.6 9,196 31.6 12,490 43.0 1,398 4.8 Vancouver North 7,186 26.1 10,496 38.1 9,832 35.7 Vancouver South 18,470 48.6 13,451 35.4 6,062 16.0 Victoria 9,193 34.8 13,887 52.5 3,352 12.7 Yale 8,599 37.7 6,805 29.8 7,428 32.5 Province Totals 110,619 30.5 135,920 37.4 103,181 28.4 506 0.1 12,918 3.6 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (16) Elected Ind. = 10,967 3 1 Comm. = 1.398 1 Ind. Nat. = 408 1 Ind. Lib. = 145 1 Total 13,487 13,991 15,726 13,449 12,571 17,297 25,125 34,496 9,442 32,837 30,903 29,059 27,514 37,983 26,432 22,832 363,144 4,959 368,103 306 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-6 British Columbia—1945 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Cariboo 2,490 17.6 4,841 34.1 5,773 40.7 1,080 7.6 Comox-Alberni 4,692 28.1 12,027 71.9 Fraser Valley 6,102 31.9 7,629 39.9 5,377 28.1 Kamloops 4,401 33.1 4,229 31.8 4,003 30.1 666 5.0 Kootenay East 2,640 20.6 3,189 24.9 4,712 36.9 613 4.8 1,632 12.8 Kootenay West 4,938 30.0 3,802 23.1 1,611 9.8 6,123 37.2 Nanaimo 11,181 35.3 8,223 26.0 9,542 30.1 2,707 8.6 New Westminster 11,133 26.6 14,158 33.8 12,229 29.2 1,403 3.4 2,955 7.1 Skeena 2,184 19.7 3,333 30.1 4,079 36.8 1,479 13.4 Vancouver-Burrard 14,677 37.4 8,648 22.0 12,264 31.2 1,025 2.6 2,635 6.7 Vancouver Centre 8,859 26.5 9,959 29.8 9,145 27.3 1,042 3.1 4,462 13.3 Vancouver East 7,008 19.6 7,786 21.7 16,003 44.7 5,012 14.0 Vancouver North 5,971 17.2 13,373 38.6 10,010 28.9 1,483 4.3 3,809 11.0 Vancouver South 25,878 53.8 12,056 25.1 8,497 17.7 766 1.6 920 1.9 Victoria 11,442 32.3 11,806 33.3 10,295 29.1 793 2.2 1,093 3.1 Yale 9,625 39.2 4,705 19.2 7,713 31.4 1,685 6.9 820 3.3 Province Totals 128,529 30.0 117,737 27.5 125,945 29.4 9,890 2.3 46,340 10.8 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for “Other”: Ridings (16) Elected Lab. Prog. = 25,128 11 Ind. = 7,348 1 1 Ind. CCF = 6,123 1 1 Trade Un. = 4,679 1 Dem. = 2,603 5 Soc. Lab. = 459 2 Total 14,184 16,719 19,108 13,299 12,786 16,474 31,653 41,878 11,075 39,249 33,467 35,809 34,646 48,117 35,429 24,548 428,441 4,961 433,402 307 : British Columbia Table 13-7 British Columbia—1949 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Richmond 6,097 18.4 12,848 38.9 12,553 38.0 1,558 4.7 Cariboo 7,330 55.5 5,870 44.5 Coast-Capilano 4,713 17.9 15,294 58.2 6,253 23.8 Comox-Albemi 7,785 40.6 11,397 59.4 Fraser Valley 4,514 19.9 12,587 55.5 5,573 24.6 Kamloops 7,682 40.1 6,399 33.4 5,091 26.6 Kootenay East 2,704 19.7 5,546 40.5 5,448 39.8 Kootenay West 8,319 45.9 9,794 54.1 Nanaimo 17,507 48.0 9,196 25.2 9,772 26.8 New Westminster 8,338 25.4 13,904 42.4 9,326 28.5 1,207 3.7 Skeena 5,847 58.3 4,183 41.7 Vancouver-Burrard 10,676 35.2 10,967 36.1 8,705 28.7 Vancouver Centre 5,970 24.7 10,299 42.6 6,382 26.4 1,547 6.4 Vancouver East 4,261 14.3 10,154 34.0 14,056 47.1 1,377 4.6 Vancouver Quadra 16,661 50.1 10,665 32.1 5,908 17.8 Vancouver South 9,462 28.7 13,082 39.7 10,397 31.6 Victoria 10,154 29.4 19,324 56.0 5,048 14.6 Yale 11,562 36.9 5,576 17.8 13,298 42.4 902 2.9 Province Totals Rejected Total Vote Cast 128,620 27.9 169,018 36.7 145,442 31.5 2,109 0.5 15,879 3.4 Vote Cast for "Other": Ind. = 11,992 Lab. Prog. = 3,887 Ridings (18) 2 3 Elected 1 Total 33,056 13,200 26,260 19,182 22,674 19,172 13,698 18,113 36,475 32,775 10,030 30,348 24,198 29,848 33,234 32,941 34,526 31,338 461,068 3,717 464,785 308 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-8 British Columbia—1953 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Coquitlam 2,124 11.0 4,256 22.1 7,232 37.6 4,987 25.9 627 3.3 Burnaby-Richmond 7,021 34.2 6,381 31.1 6,334 30.9 792 3.9 Cariboo 5,160 34.3 4,314 28.7 5,562 37.0 Coast-Capilano 2,936 9.9 13,614 45.9 5,361 18.1 7,092 23.9 673 2.3 Comox-Alberni 1,790 10.1 4,609 26.1 6,115 34.7 4,275 24.2 850 4.8 Esquimalt-Saanich 9,537 46.1 4,071 19.7 3,484 16.9 3,578 17.3 Fraser Valley 9,318 40.3 3,527 15.3 9,618 41.6 635 2.7 Kamloops 7,578 46.7 2,731 16.8 2,140 13.2 3,780 23.3 Kootenay East 4,988 38.1 3,672 28.0 3,874 29.6 563 4.3 Kootenay West 1,040 5.7 3,994 21.9 8,990 49.3 3,871 21.2 347 1.9 Nanaimo 3,412 18.1 4,884 25.9 7,272 38.6 2,773 14.7 516 2.7 New Westminster 3,083 8.9 10,735 30.9 9,258 26.6 10,770 31.0 896 2.6 Okanagan Boundary 5,053 24.4 8,086 39.1 7,543 36.5 Okanagan-Revelstoke 2,132 18.1 3,340 28.4 2,348 20.0 3,537 30.1 395 3.4 Skeena 5,332 43.6 3,724 30.4 2,880 23.5 301 2.5 Vancouver-Burrard 4,430 17.0 9,035 34.7 5,010 19.3 7,063 27.1 482 1.9 Vancouver Centre 1,749 8.6 8,259 40.8 4,516 22.3 4,946 24.5 756 3.7 Vancouver East 1,038 5.2 3,272 16.2 10,192 50.6 4,885 24.2 764 3.8 Vancouver-Kingsway 1,700 7.7 3,957 18.0 10,162 46.2 5,610 25.5 578 2.6 Vancouver Quadra 12,769 43.8 7,786 26.7 3,628 12.5 4,955 17.0 Vancouver South 4,986 17.4 10,459 36.6 5,610 19.6 6,668 23.3 852 3.0 Victoria 6,122 18.2 13,696 40.6 4,465 13.3 8,677 25.8 735 2.2 Province Totals Rejected Total Vote Cast 66,426 14.1 145,570 30.9 125,487 26.6 123,278 26.1 10,762 2.3 Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (22) Lab. Prog. = 10,340 17 Ind. SC = 422 1 Total 19.226 20,528 15,036 29,676 17,639 20,670 23,098 16,229 13,097 18,242 18,857 34,742 20,682 11,752 12,237 26,020 20.226 20,151 22,007 29,138 28,575 33,695 471,523 3,933 475,456 309 : British Columbia Table 13-9 British Columbia—1957 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Coquitlam 4,949 17.5 4,778 16.9 10,947 38.8 7,552 26.8 Bumaby-Richmond 7,940 25.8 7,121 23.2 7,662 24.9 7,999 26.0 Cariboo 4,217 21.7 4,208 21.6 2,737 14.1 8,292 42.6 Coast-Capilano 11,643 27.6 16,443 39.0 5,140 12.2 8,918 21.2 Comox-Alberni 7,423 31.0 3,146 13.1 8,598 35.9 4,789 20.0 Esquimalt-Saanich 15,330 53.8 5,034 17.7 4,446 15.6 3,677 12.9 Fraser Valley 6,911 24.1 5,262 18.4 5,405 18.9 11,091 38.7 Kamloops 10,029 47.2 3,383 15.9 1,959 9.2 5,858 27.6 Kootenay East 2,082 14.0 4,670 31.4 4,022 27.1 4,082 27.5 Kootenay West 3,475 16.9 2,705 13.2 8,996 43.8 5,366 26.1 Nanaimo 6,131 26.7 3,448 15.0 8,650 37.6 4,766 20.7 New Westminster 10,172 21.3 8,632 18.1 11,344 23.8 16,916 35.5 628 1.3 Okanagan Boundary 6,368 26.0 3,336 13.6 7,340 29.9 7,465 30.5 Okanagan-Revelstoke 3,305 24.4 3,415 25.2 1,455 10.7 5,376 39.7 Skeena 3,575 25.3 5,035 35.6 5,517 39.1 Vancouver-Burrard 13,721 46.6 4,626 15.7 4,088 13.9 6,772 23.0 259 0.9 Vancouver Centre 9,087 41.5 5,357 24.5 2,216 10.1 4,707 21.5 528 2.4 Vancouver East 4,110 18.1 2,454 10.8 10,782 47.6 5,312 23.4 Vancouver-Kingsway 6,762 25.7 4,270 16.2 9,040 34.3 6,262 23.8 Vancouver Quadra 21,719 63.9 5,423 16.0 2,959 8.7 3,871 11.4 Vancouver South 16,058 44.9 7,568 21.1 4,849 13.5 6,505 18.2 817 2.3 Victoria 17,981 44.7 10,987 27.3 3,721 9.2 7,569 18.8 Province Totals 192,988 32.6 121,301 20.5 131,873 22.3 143,145 24.2 2,232 0.4 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for 'Other': Ridings Lab. Prog. = 1,345 2 Can. Dem. = 628 1 Ind. = 259 1 310 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Total 28,226 30,722 19,454 42,144 23,956 28,487 28,669 21,229 14,856 20,542 22,995 47,692 24,509 13,551 14,127 29,466 21,895 22,658 26,334 33,972 35,797 40,258 591,539 4,651 596,190 Table 13-10 British Columbia—1958 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Coquitlam 11,422 38.1 3,533 11.8 12,917 43.1 2,113 7.0 Burnaby-Richmond 15,570 45.6 5,286 15.5 10,063 29.5 3,190 9.4 Cariboo 9,327 43.2 3,279 15.2 3,175 14.7 5,811 26.9 Coast-Capilano 19,343 43.5 17,411 39.1 6,134 13.8 1,599 3.6 Comox-Alberni 11,483 46.1 2,472 9.9 9,607 38.6 1,354 5.4 Esquimalt-Saanich 18,768 65.4 3,576 12.5 4,755 16.6 1,331 4.6 280 1.0 Fraser Valley 13,890 44.1 4,562 14.5 5,640 17.9 7,414 23.5 Kamloops 13,858 63.3 2,868 13.1 2,777 12.7 2,390 10.9 Kootenay East 5,363 33.5 4,483 28.0 4,006 25.0 2,174 13.6 Kootenay West 8,248 37.9 2,306 10.6 9,460 43.5 1,753 8.1 Nanaimo 10,734 43.9 2,606 10.7 10,029 41.0 1,077 4.4 New Westminster 21,202 41.7 4,559 9.0 13,220 26.0 10,886 21.4 958 1.9 Okanagan Boundary 13,065 48.4 2,637 9.8 7,829 29.0 3,470 12.9 Okanagan-Revelstoke 7,004 47.9 2,329 15.9 1,859 12.7 3,213 22.0 205 1.4 Skeena 5,028 30.1 4,148 24.8 6,647 39.8 876 5.2 Vancouver-Burrard 18,001 60.5 5,154 17.3 5,121 17.2 1,459 4.9 Vancouver Centre 14,044 61.4 3,927 17.2 3,183 13.9 1,059 4.6 650 2.8 Vancouver East 8,654 36.6 2,175 9.2 11,486 48.6 1,338 5.7 Vancouver-Kingsway 11,928 42.7 2,631 9.4 11,724 42.0 1,642 5.9 Vancouver Quadra 24,802 70.7 5,713 16.3 3,496 10.0 1,062 3.0 Vancouver South 22,292 60.5 6,528 17.7 5,717 15.5 1,914 5.2 422 1.1 Victoria 24,945 61.1 8,706 21.3 4,560 11.2 2,637 6.5 Province Totals 308,971 49.4 100,889 16.1 153,405 24.5 59,762 9.6 2,515 0.4 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other ": Ridings (22) Lab. Prog. = 2,515 5 Total 29,985 34,109 21,592 44,487 24,916 28,710 31,506 21,893 16,026 21,767 24,446 50,825 27,001 14,610 16,699 29,735 22,863 23,653 27,925 35,073 36,873 40,848 625,542 4,440 629,982 311 : British Columbia Table 13-11 British Columbia—1962 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Coquitlam 5,206 13.6 9,351 24.5 19,050 49.9 4,564 12.0 Burnaby-Richmond 8,683 21.4 11,509 28.4 15,620 38.6 4,705 11.6 Cariboo 6,830 24.6 7,715 27.8 4,732 17.1 8,435 30.4 Coast-Capilano 11,966 23.4 23,583 46.1 11,030 21.6 4,584 9.0 Comox-Alberni 6,478 22.8 7,689 27.0 10,474 36.8 3,219 11.3 567 2.0 Esquimalt-Saanich 12,612 38.0 10,566 31.8 6,186 18.6 3,852 11.6 Fraser Valley 8,562 23.9 8,357 23.4 8,896 24.9 9,970 27.9 Kamloops 11,312 43.1 5,789 22.1 4,733 18.0 4,393 16.7 Kootenay East 4,475 26.1 5,414 31.6 4,576 26.7 2,673 15.6 Kootenay West Nanaimo-Cowichan- 6,194 27.5 2,722 12.1 8,303 36.8 5,327 23.6 The Islands 7,280 27.6 5,446 20.7 11,152 42.3 2,456 9.3 New Westminster 13,311 21.9 13,855 22.8 23,827 39.2 9,822 16.2 Okanagan Boundary 9,069 31.3 5,141 17.8 7,956 27.5 6,766 23.4 Okanagan-Revelstoke 5,265 34.1 3,604 23.3 3,751 24.3 2,837 18.4 Skeena 4,338 23.7 10,946 59.8 3,031 16.5 Vancouver-Burrard 8,651 29.7 9,079 31.1 9,173 31.5 2,245 7.7 Vancouver Centre 6,803 31.5 7,697 35.6 5,113 23.7 1,779 8.2 224 1.0 Vancouver East 3,395 15.0 4,447 19.6 12,329 59.2 1 1,867 8.2 648 2.9 Vancouver-Kingsway 5,523 19.2 6,366 22.1 13,837 48.1 3,039 10.6 Vancouver Quadra 15,113 45.5 10,331 31.1 5,699 17.1 2,103 6.3 Vancouver South 11,990 29.8 14.660 36.4 9,132 22.7 3,953 9.8 492 1.2 Victoria 14,333 36.1 14,117 35.5 5,520 13.9 5,776 14.5 Province Totals 187,389 27.3 187,438 27.3 212,035 30.9 97,396 14.2 1,931 0.3 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for 'Other”: Ridings (22) Comm. = 1,707 3 Ind. = 224 1 1 Candidate ran as CCF-NDP Total 38,171 40,517 27,712 51,163 28,427 33,216 35,785 26.227 17,138 22,546 26,334 60,815 28,932 15,457 18,315 29,148 21,616 22,686 28,765 33,246 40.227 39,746 686,189 5,741 691,930 312 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-12 British Columbia—1963 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Coquitlam 3,990 9.7 14,148 34.4 19,067 46.4 3,917 9.5 Burnaby-Richmond 7,138 16.4 15,568 35.7 16,578 38.0 4,312 9.9 Cariboo 8,304 27.1 8,543 27.9 4,461 14.6 9,335 30.5 Coast-Capilano 10,206 18.9 27,177 50.4 11,731 21.7 4,160 7.7 682 1.3 Comox-Alberni 6,099 19.6 9,217 29.5 13,449 43.1 2,428 7.8 Esquimalt-Saanich 13,772 37.5 11,187 30.4 7,193 19.6 4,621 12.6 Fraser Valley 7,500 19.6 9,226 24.2 9,735 25.5 11,500 30.1 232 0.6 Kamloops 8,604 29.4 8,359 28.6 6,860 23.5 5,394 18.5 Kootenay East 3,977 21.7 6,165 33.6 5,395 29.4 2,800 15.3 Kootenay West 5,122 22.3 4,752 20.7 8,595 37.5 4,455 19.4 Nanaimo-Cowichan- The Islands 6,481 23.3 6,782 24.4 12,280 44.1 2,272 8.2 New Westminster 13,908 21.8 17,086 26.7 23,609 37.0 9,280 14.5 Okanagan Boundary 10,031 33.1 6,453 21.3 6,425 21.2 7,430 24.5 Okanagan-Revelstoke 5,800 35.2 3,821 23.2 3,554 21.6 3,314 20.1 Skeena 2,270 11.2 4,860 24.0 10,743 53.1 2,353 11.6 Vancouver-Burrard 7,678 24.0 12,048 37.6 9,998 31.2 2,150 6.7 127 0.4 Vancouver Centre 7,353 30.5 9,472 39.3 5,826 24.2 1,430 5.9 Vancouver East 3,335 14.3 5,538 23.7 12,688 54.3 1,804 7.7 Vancouver-Kingsway 4,301 14.5 8,154 27.6 13,966 47.2 3,145 10.6 Vancouver Quadra 13,756 37.9 15,160 41.7 5,324 14.7 2,085 5.7 Vancouver South 9,374 22.1 19,140 45.1 9,649 22.7 3,960 9.3 345 0.8 Victoria 13,502 31.1 15,040 34.6 5,757 13.2 5,701 13.1 3,460 8.0 Province Totals 172,501 23.4 237,896 32.3 222,883 30.3 97,846 13.3 4,846 0.7 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast tor "Other": Ind. Lib. = 3,587 Comm. = 1,027 Ind. = 232 Ridings (22) 2 2 1 Total 41,122 43,596 30,643 53,956 31.193 36,773 38.193 29,217 18,337 22,924 27,815 63,883 30,339 16,489 20,226 32,001 24,081 23,365 29,566 36,325 42,468 43,460 735,972 4,257 740,229 313 : British Columbia Table 13-13 British Columbia—1965 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Coquitlam 2,662 6.2 12,090 28.4 22,553 52.9 5,308 12.5 Burnaby-Richmond 3,499 7.9 13,950 31.6 19,758 44.7 6,999 15.8 Cariboo 7,756 23.6 7,144 21.8 5,594 17.0 12,344 37.6 Coast-Capilano 8,429 15.5 26,472 48.6 12,335 22.6 6,525 12.0 733 1.3 Comox-Alberni 4,072 13.7 7,122 24.0 13,393 45.2 4,183 14.1 878 3.0 Esquimalt-Saanich 14,787 38.6 9,086 23.7 9,177 23.9 5,268 13.7 Fraser Valley 4,442 12.3 8,167 22.7 10,563 29.3 12,611 35.0 272 0.8 Kamloops 11,731 37.4 6,757 21.5 7,132 22.7 5,756 18.3 Kootenay East 2,830 16.1 5,574 31.7 4,825 27.4 4,370 24.8 Kootenay West Nanaimo-Cowichan- 2,405 11.1 5,495 25.3 8,481 39.1 5,313 24.5 The Islands 4,784 17.6 6,431 23.7 12,337 45.4 3,595 13.2 New Westminster 9,925 15.7 15,330 24.2 27,574 43.6 10,458 16.5 Okanagan Boundary 9,499 30.8 6,343 20.6 7,522 24.4 7,431 24.1 Okanagan-Revelstoke 3,983 25.5 4,060 25.9 3,176 20.3 4,294 27.4 135 0.9 Skeena 982 4.6 6,433 30.3 11,477 54.0 2,368 11.1 Vancouver-Burrard 5,138 18.4 10,807 38.7 9,233 33.1 2,748 9.8 Vancouver Centre 6,248 27.8 9,008 40.1 5,184 23.1 1,806 8.0 228 1.0 Vancouver East 1,900 9.1 3,969 19.0 11,854 56.9 2,840 13.6 274 1.3 Vancouver-Kingsway 2,240 8.0 7,994 28.6 13,730 49.1 4,012 14.3 Vancouver Quadra 12,549 37.8 12,895 38.8 5,342 16.1 2,416 7.3 Vancouver South 6,877 16.0 18,669 43.5 10,633 24.8 6,228 14.5 474 1.1 Victoria 12,488 28.6 13,930 31.9 7,259 16.6 9,659 22.1 374 0.9 Province Totals Rejected Total Vote Cast 139,226 19.2 217,726 30.0 239,132 32.9 126,532 17.4 3,368 0.5 Vote Cast for Other": Ridings Comm. = 1,716 4 Ind. = 1.150 2 PWM 274 1 Ind. SC = 228 1 Total 42,613 44,206 32,838 54,494 29.648 38,318 36,055 31,376 17,599 21,694 27,147 63,287 30,795 15.648 21,260 27,926 22,474 20,837 27,976 33,202 42,881 43,710 725,984 5,454 731,438 314 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-14 British Columbia—1968 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Richmond 5,035 13.2 16,182 42.4 14,470 37.9 2,445 6.4 Burnaby-Seymour 3,206 8.1 17,891 45.2 17,753 44.9 702 1.8 Capilano 7,310 17.1 28,292 66.4 6,279 14.7 745 1.7 Coast Chilcotin 2,355 10.8 10,292 47.3 7,477 34.4 1,629 7.5 Comox-Alberni 5,154 17.0 11,939 39.4 11,930 39.3 997 3.3 311 1.0 Esquimalt-Saanich 13,587 32.5 16,501 39.5 10,952 26.2 751 1.8 Fraser Valley East 3,514 12.6 9,689 34.7 6,654 23.9 8,035 28.8 Fraser Valley West 4,997 13.7 13,745 37.8 14,410 39.6 3,224 8.9 Kamloops-Cariboo 9,704 30.2 13,000 40.5 7,566 23.6 1,842 5.7 Kootenay West Nanaimo-Cowichan- 4,457 16.4 7,768 28.7 12,181 44.9 2,693 9.9 The Islands 8,773 24.0 11,378 31.1 15,273 41.7 1,193 3.3 New Westminster 4,761 11.7 18,083 44.5 16,144 39.7 1,382 3.4 251 0.6 Okanagan Boundary 10,691 28.4 12,321 32.7 10,481 27.8 4,217 11.2 Okanagan-Kootenay 4,068 13.2 11,370 36.9 9,552 31.0 5,837 18.9 Prince George-Peace River 9,293 29.7 10,926 34.9 6,894 22.0 3,776 12.1 402 1.3 Skeena 3,552 14.9 7,874 32.9 12,471 52.2 Surrey 5,953 16.4 11,741 32.3 16,186 44.6 2,445 6.7 Vancouver Centre 8,326 18.4 25,426 56.1 11,151 24.6 420 0.9 Vancouver East 2,377 8.9 9,750 36.6 13,339 50.0 726 2.7 477 1.8 Vancouver Kingsway 3,285 10.4 10,835 34.4 15,599 49.6 1,760 5.6 Vancouver Quadra 11,604 30.3 20,788 54.3 5,727 15.0 175 0.5 Vancouver South 9,521 23.7 19,757 49.3 9,086 22.7 1,585 4.0 157 0.4 Victoria 13,578 32.4 18,401 43.9 9,414 22.5 526 1.3 Province Totals 155,101 19.4 333,949 41.8 260,989 32.7 45,984 5.8 2,719 0.3 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast (or “Other': Ridings (23) Comm. = 1,196 5 Repub. = 595 2 Ind. = 526 1 Ind. Can. = 402 1 Total 38,132 39,552 42,626 21,753 30,331 41,791 27,892 36,376 32,112 27,099 36,617 40,621 37,710 30,827 31,291 23,897 36,325 45,323 26,669 31,479 38,294 40,106 41,919 798,742 5,366 804,108 315 : British Columbia Table 13-15 British Columbia—1972 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Richmond-Delta 19,798 35.7 16,441 29.6 18,358 33.1 906 1.6 Burnaby-Seymour 11,119 23.0 17,985 37.2 18,274 37.8 694 1.4 289 0.6 Capilano 17,873 34.6 24,489 47.5 8,731 16.9 517 1.0 Coast Chilcotin 7,601 29.5 8,508 33.1 8,868 34.5 749 2.9 Comox-Alberni 6,440 18.3 9,501 27.0 17,477 49.7 1,276 3.6 483 1.4 Esquimalt-Saanich 20,542 41.0 12,097 24.1 15,824 31.6 1,689 3.4 Fraser Valley East 12,302 34.7 10,297 29.1 8,390 23.7 4,426 12.5 Fraser Valley West 14,863 31.2 9,870 20.7 22,612 47.5 275 0.6 Kamloops-Cariboo 13,993 33.5 14,707 35.2 11,002 26.3 2,089 5.0 Kootenay West 9,210 31.6 4,341 14.9 15,633 53.6 Nanaimo-Cowichan- The Islands 10,179 22.7 7,107 15.9 25,483 56.9 1,868 4.2 125 0.3 New Westminster 14,739 32.0 10,992 23.8 19,181 41.6 971 2.1 228 0.5 Okanagan Boundary 20,468 42.5 14,213 29.5 13,487 28.0 Okanagan-Kootenay 12,258 32.3 12,416 32.7 11,400 30.1 1,855 4.9 Prince George-Peace River 14,648 39.4 11,766 31.6 8,076 21.7 2,726 7.3 Skeena 8,234 30.0 6,091 22.2 13,100 47.8 Surrey-White Rock 15,123 33.2 7,819 17.2 21,598 47.4 1,030 2.3 Vancouver Centre 14,156 30.3 19,341 41.3 12,470 26.7 632 1.4 178 0.4 Vancouver East 4,584 16.5 8,687 31.4 13,525 48.8 613 2.2 298 1.1 Vancouver Kingsway 6,752 21.2 5,986 18.8 18,108 56.8 750 2.4 277 0.9 Vancouver Quadra 17,767 42.6 15,001 35.9 8,411 20.2 378 0.9 180 0.4 Vancouver South 17,762 40.0 14,549 32.8 11,145 25.1 765 1.7 146 0.3 Victoria 22,842 47.5 12,264 25.5 11,192 23.3 1,173 2.5 637 1.3 Province Totals 313,253 33.0 274,468 28.9 332,345 35.0 25,107 2.6 3,116 0.3 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (23) None = 1,633 8 Ind. = 1,483 6 Total 55,503 48,361 51,610 25,726 35,177 50.152 35,415 47,620 41,791 29,184 44,762 46,111 48,168 37,929 37,216 27,425 45,570 46,777 27,707 31,873 41,737 44,367 48,108 948,289 13.152 961,441 316 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-16 British Columbia—1974 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Richmond-Delta 34,013 54.8 17,570 28.3 10,106 16.3 369 0.6 Burnaby-Seymour 17,574 35.6 18,063 36.6 13,472 27.3 269 0.5 Capilano 25,797 48.9 21,387 40.6 5,303 10.1 244 0.5 Coast Chilcotin 9,988 34.0 10,336 35.2 8,655 29.5 356 1.2 Comox-Alberni 12,683 33.3 13,594 35.7 11,158 29.3 605 1.6 Esquimalt-Saanich 27,571 50.0 16,404 29.8 10,141 18.4 841 1.5 173 0.3 Fraser Valley East 18,780 46.3 15,268 37.7 6,489 16.0 Fraser Valley West 22,925 41.4 13,152 23.7 17,732 32.0 1,205 2.2 371 0.7 Kamloops-Cariboo 17,328 35.3 20,474 41.7 9,478 19.3 1,782 3.6 Kootenay West 12,575 41.6 6,073 20.1 11,603 38.4 Nanaimo-Cowichan- The Islands 18,207 36.4 11,028 22.1 20,444 40.9 288 0.6 New Westminster 15,193 32.4 14,997 32.0 15,397 32.9 926 2.0 354 0.8 Okanagan Boundary 23,089 43.2 19,421 36.3 8,975 16.8 2,002 3.7 Okanagan-Kootenay 17,164 39.8 15,051 34.9 8,163 18.9 2,438 5.7 318 0.7 Prince George-Peace River 18,769 46.8 13,759 34.3 5,880 14.7 1,665 4.2 Skeena 8,806 29.0 12,218 40.2 9,358 30.8 Surrey-White Rock 21,537 43.7 13,276 26.9 12,935 26.2 1,138 2.3 393 0.8 Vancouver Centre 17,143 37.5 19,064 41.7 8,859 19.4 257 0.6 354 0.8 Vancouver East 6,747 25.5 9,670 36.5 9,614 36.3 479 1.8 Vancouver Kingsway 9,155 28.5 12,002 37.4 10,614 33.1 339 1.1 Vancouver Quadra 18,892 48.3 15,458 39.5 4,434 11.3 179 0.5 181 0.5 Vancouver South 23,247 52.9 13,881 31.6 6,629 15.1 208 0.5 Victoria 26,771 55.3 14,289 29.5 7,108 14.7 211 0.4 Province Totals 423,954 41.9 336,435 33.3 232,547 23.0 12,433 1.2 5,512 0.5 Rejected Total Vote Cast Me Cast for "Other": Ridings (23) Comm. = 3,051 12 Ind. = 1,134 6 M.-L. = 1,205 11 None = 122 2 Total 62,058 49.378 52,731 29,335 38,040 55,130 40,537 55,385 49,062 30,251 49,967 46,867 53,487 43,134 40,073 30,382 49,279 45,677 26,510 32,110 39,144 43,965 48.379 1,010,881 3,338 1,014,219 317 : British Columbia Table 13-17 British Columbia—1979 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby 19,119 36.9 12,099 23.3 20,604 39.8 51,822 Capilano 27,099 59.4 11,542 25.3 6,639 14.6 332 0.7 45,612 Cariboo-Chilcotin 12,767 42.7 7,477 25.0 8,273 27.7 1,363 4.6 29,880 Comox-Powell River 17,556 35.2 9,910 19.9 22,075 44.3 314 0.6 49,855 Cowichan-Malahat- The Islands 19,025 43.5 7,075 16.2 17,471 40.0 133 0.3 43,704 Esquimalt-Saanich 29,791 54.5 8,154 14.9 15,862 29.0 836 1.5 54,643 Fraser Valley East 24,363 57.1 8,910 20.9 9,126 21.4 293 0.7 42,692 Fraser Valley West 26,892 54.2 7,235 14.6 15,322 30.9 156 0.3 49,605 Kamloops-Shuswap 19,369 43.7 12,720 28.7 12,193 27.5 44,282 Kootenay East-Revelstoke 12,904 40.7 7,658 24.2 11,107 35.1 31,669 Kootenay West 13,645 47.2 3,616 12.5 11,503 39.8 119 0.4 28,883 Mission-Port Moody 18,486 38.9 8,078 17.0 20,847 43.8 152 0.3 47,563 Nanaimo-Alberni 16,478 34.0 10,385 21.4 21,304 44.0 273 0.6 48,440 New Westminster-Coquitlam 15,358 35.4 8,559 19.7 19,301 44.4 221 0.5 43,439 North Vancouver-Burnaby 16,545 38.2 14,377 33.2 12,084 27.9 188 0.4 141 0.3 43,335 Okanagan North 26,560 51.5 13,091 25.4 11,951 23.2 51,602 Okanagan-Similkameen 21,008 49.6 9,421 22.2 11,715 27.6 249 0.6 42,393 Prince George-Bulkley Valley 13,300 42.6 7,862 25.2 8,521 27.3 1,531 4.9 31,214 Prince George-Peace River 16,288 61.0 4,957 18.5 5,478 20.5 26,723 Richmond-South Delta 30,262 54.0 12,003 21.4 13,524 24.2 209 0.4 55,998 Skeena 4,437 16.9 10,381 39.5 10,996 41.8 479 1.8 26,293 Surrey-White Rock- North Delta 30,009 52.6 8,837 15.5 17,992 31.5 265 0.5 57,103 Vancouver Centre 15,335 34.4 15,430 34.6 13,350 30.0 426 1.0 44,541 Vancouver East 5,304 16.5 12,522 39.0 13,697 42.7 334 1.0 214 0.7 32,071 Vancouver Kingsway 7,900 22.2 11,503 32.3 15,928 44.8 253 0.7 35,584 Vancouver Quadra 19,869 45.6 12,820 29.4 10,665 24.5 245 0.6 43,599 Vancouver South 22,653 53.8 10,558 25.1 8,806 20.9 91 0.2 42,108 Victoria 28,058 54.7 7,766 15.2 15,344 29.9 91 0.2 51,259 Province Totals 530,380 44.4 274,946 23.0 381,678 31.9 1,885 0.2 7,023 0.5 1,195,912 Rejected 3,010 Total Vote Cast 1,198,922 Vote Cast for 'Other": Ridings (28) Ind = 2,306 4 Comm. = 1,853 12 None = 1.533 5 M.-L. = 645’ 12 Rhino = 332’ 1 Libert. = 263 2 1 These figures are at variance with those in Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer, but have been confirmed by that office. 318 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-18 British Columbia—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby 18,619 36.6 10,585 20.8 21,587 42.4 81 0.2 Capilano 26,327 59.4 10,843 24.4 6,495 14.6 688 1.6 Cariboo-Chilcotin 12,355 40.8 7,577 25.0 10,292 33.9 92 0.3 Comox-Powell River 16,545 32.4 9,221 18.1 25,007 49.0 292 0.6 Cowichan-Malahat- The Islands 18,153 39.5 5,161 11.2 22,154 48.2 529 1.2 Esquimalt-Saanich 24,961 45.0 10,043 18.1 19,115 34.5 1,324 2.4 Fraser Valley East 21,989 49.7 9,490 21.5 10,695 24.2 2,057 4.7 Fraser Valley West 25,770 50.6 8,483 16.7 16,568 32.5 83 0.2 Kamloops-Shuswap 16,046 35.1 11,588 25.3 17,896 39.1 237 0.5 Kootenay East-Revelstoke 12,668 38.0 7,386 22.1 13,299 39.9 Kootenay West 11,417 40.2 4,769 16.8 12,232 43.0 Mission-Port Moody 17,715 36.0 7,762 15.8 23,224 47.2 358 0.3 150 0.3 Nanaimo-Alberni 17,040 34.8 6,994 14.3 24,082 49.2 833 1.7 New Westminster-Coquitlam 14,321 34.1 8,041 19.1 19,498 46.4 147 0.3 North Vancouver-Burnaby 16,774 38.1 15,307 34.8 11,820 26.8 88 0.2 38 0.1 Okanagan North 24,983 48.7 11,368 22.2 14,944 29.1 Okanagan-Similkameen 19,161 45.0 9,433 22.2 13,058 30.7 593 1.4 317 0.7 Prince George-Bulkley Valley 12,640 39.5 9,147 28.6 10,226 31.9 Prince George-Peace River 13,593 52.1 5,044 19.3 6,835 26.2 620 2.4 Richmond-South Delta 29,192 52.0 13,134 23.4 13,606 24.2 231 0.4 Skeena 6,191 23.1 7,141 26.6 13,280 49.5 205 0.8 Surrey-White Rock- North Delta 28,151 48.9 9,759 17.0 19,051 33.1 587 1.0 Vancouver Centre 16,462 35.3 14,667 31.4 14,830 31.8 716 1.5 Vancouver East 4,742 14.6 12,979 40.0 14,245 43.9 472 1.5 Vancouver Kingsway 7,924 21.9 10,954 30.3 16,928 46.9 325 0.9 Vancouver Quadra 20,993 46.1 13,987 30.7 9,907 21.8 104 0.2 528 1.2 Vancouver South 22,288 53.3 10,254 24.5 8,896 21.3 390 0.9 Victoria 25,068 50.3 7,145 14.3 17,088 34.3 493 1.0 Province Totals 502,088 41.5 268,262 22.2 426,858 35.3 1,763 0.1 10,841 0.9 Rejected Total Vote Cast Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (28) Rhino = 4,978 12 Ind. = 3,174 4 Comm. = 1,627 10 M.-L. = 770 13 None = 292 3 Total 50,872 44.353 30,316 51,065 45,997 55,443 44,231 50,904 45,767 33.353 28,418 49,209 48,949 42,007 44,027 51,295 42,562 32,013 26,092 56,163 26,817 57,548 46.675 32,438 36,131 45,519 41,828 49,794 1,209,812 3,218 1,213,030 319 : British Columbia Table 13-19 British Columbia—1984 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby 20,697 35.1 9,612 16.3 28,318 48.0 364 0.6 58,991 Capilano 28,616 56.4 13,575 26.8 6,310 12.4 2,193 4.3 50,694 Cariboo-Chilcotin 20,553 54.5 4,881 12.9 11,544 30.6 335 0.9 392 1.0 37,705 Comox-Powell River 26,566 43.4 5,790 9.5 27,288 44.6 357 0.6 1,172 1.9 61,173 Cowichan-Malahat- The Islands 22,964 42.1 5,899 10.8 24,555 45.1 1,080 2.0 54,498 Esquimalt-Saanich 31,766 48.3 9,516 14.5 23,094 35.1 306 0.5 1,108 1.7 65,790 Fraser Valley East 32,073 59.9 7,942 14.8 12,779 23.9 735 1.4 53,529 Fraser Valley West 35,984 54.7 8,349 12.7 19,878 30.2 1,548 2.4 65,759 Kamloops-Shuswap 20,500 36.3 4,675 8.3 30,512 54.1 736 1.3 56,423 Kootenay East-Revelstoke 18,129 46.5 4,477 11.5 15,908 40.8 479 1.2 38,993 Kootenay West 15,804 47.4 2,460 7.4 15,060 45.2 33,324 Mission-Port Moody 30,678 47.5 7,071 11.0 25,925 40.2 327 0.5 540 0.8 64,541 Nanaimo-Alberni 27,410 45.8 5,922 9.9 25,659 42.9 843 1.4 59,834 New Westminster-Coquitlam 18,291 40.0 5,816 12.7 21,134 46.2 528 1.2 45,769 North Vancouver-Burnaby 21,750 43.6 14,321 28.7 12,812 25.7 971 1.9 49,854 Okanagan North 35,904 56.1 9,935 15.5 17,168 26.8 1,025 1.6 64,032 Okanagan-Similkameen 27,071 52.2 8,106 15.6 15,181 29.3 402 0.8 1,089 2.1 51,849 Prince George-Bulkley Valley 18,897 49.3 5,121 13.4 13,274 34.6 1,047 2.7 38,339 Prince George-Peace River 21,154 62.4 3,368 9.9 8,168 24.1 342 1.0 847 2.5 33,879 Richmond-South Delta 38,168 55.4 13,340 19.4 16,377 23.8 1,007 1.5 68,892 Skeena 11,209 36.2 5,130 16.6 14,174 45.8 443 1.4 30,956 Surrey-White Rock- North Delta 39,544 53.6 10,747 14.6 22,555 30.6 951 1.3 73,797 Vancouver Centre 21,704 43.2 10,654 21.2 16,283 32.4 1,569 3.1 50,210 Vancouver East 7,210 20.2 9,044 25.4 18,464 51.8 931 2.6 35,649 Vancouver Kingsway 7,152 18.1 11,640 29.5 20,179 51.1 519 1.3 39,490 Vancouver Quadra 18,581 37.5 21,794 43.9 8,343 16.8 886 1.8 49,604 Vancouver South 25,469 54.9 9,507 20.5 10,909 23.5 529 1.1 46,414 Victoria 24,588 46.3 6,702 12.6 20,480 38.6 1,290 2.4 53,060 Province Totals 668,432 46.7 235,394 16.4 502,331 35.1 3,094 0.2 23,797 1.7 1,433,048’ Rejected 4,856 Total Vote Cast 1,437,904 )te Cast for “Other”: Ridings (28) GP 8,217 19 Rhino = 5,228 13 Libert. = 3,520 12 CRWP 2,895 11 Ind. = 2,084' 7 Comm. = 1,628 8 None = 205 3 Comm'lth. = 20' 1 'Table 5 of the Report of the Chief Electoral Officer shows 2,044 votes for Independents, and 12 votes for the Commonwealth Party 320 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Table 13-20 British Columbia—1988 Election Results by Riding Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Burnaby-Kingsway 17,455 30.0 12,933 22.2 25,150 43.2 2,655 4.6 Capilano-Howe Sound 20,219 46.8 12,828 29.7 6,174 14.3 3,996 9.2 Cariboo-Chilcotin 11,525 36.7 7,886 25.1 11,256 35.8 754 2.4 Comox-Alberni 13,959 28.3 8,182 16.6 21,128 42.8 6,062 12.3 Delta 19,755 44.3 8,880 19.9 13,072 29.3 2,933 6.6 Esquimalt^Juan de Fuca 11,162 25.1 5,332 12.0 22,644 50.9 5,331 12.0 Fraser Valley East 16,630 38.8 9,075 21.2 12,011 28.0 5,158 12.0 Fraser Valley West 23,565 45.8 10,079 19.6 13,178 25.6 4,590 8.9 Kamloops 13,348 32.4 5,431 13.2 21,513 52.3 863 2.1 Kootenay East 13,284 38.5 4,159 12.1 14,904 43.2 2,140 6.2 Kootenay West-Revelstoke 12,667 36.0 5,479 15.6 16,381 46.5 674 1.9 Mission-Coquitlam 20,097 39.5 6,660 13.1 22,259 43.8 1,861 3.7 Nanaimo-Cowichan 5,296 9.6 18,804 34.0 27,291 49.3 3,986 7.2 New Westminster-Burnaby 18,007 31.5 11,013 19.3 24,933 43.6 718 1.3 2,486 4.3 North Island-Powell River 11,036 24.4 7,343 16.2 23,428 51.8 3,381 7.5 North Vancouver 18,515 37.6 13,382 27.2 11,735 23.9 5,554 11.3 Okanagan Centre 19,485 37.3 8,922 17.1 15,800 30.2 8,095 15.5 Okanagan-Shuswap 15,378 36.1 6,759 15.9 18,533 43.6 1,881 4.4 Okanagan-Similkameen-Merritt 15,352 35.5 7,520 17.4 16,694 38.6 451 1.0 3,178 7.4 Port Moody-Coquitlam 19,528 36.2 8,346 15.5 23,871 44.2 2,238 4.1 Prince George-Bulkley Valley 11,844 31.7 9,281 24.9 14,248 38.2 1,962 5.3 Prince George-Peace River 13,903 39.6 4,183 11.9 11,684 33.3 5,345 15.2 Richmond 25,559 44.0 13,231 22.8 15,787 27.2 3,448 5.9 Saanich-Gulf Islands 21,900 33.5 11,534 17.6 23,168 35.4 8,845 13.5 Skeena 9,023 28.3 4,646 14.6 16,815 52.7 1,426 4.5 Surrey North 17,674 32.8 13,412 24.9 19,940 37.0 2,855 5.3 Surrey-White Rock 26,319 43.5 14,217 23.5 14,725 24.3 5,270 8.7 Vancouver Centre 23,620 37.3 14,447 22.8 23,351 36.8 1,991 3.1 Vancouver East 6,116 15.6 11,692 29.8 20,034 51.1 1,359 3.5 Vancouver Quadra 16,664 30.5 24,021 44.0 11,687 21.4 2,282 4.2 Vancouver South 21,222 42.2 14,507 28.8 11,939 23.7 2,626 5.2 Victoria 17,660 29.9 12,617 21.4 22,399 38.0 6,323 10.7 Province Totals 527,767 34.4 326,801 21.3 567,732 37.0 1,169 0.1 111,548 7.3 Rejected Total Vote Cast )te Cast for "Other": Ridings (32) RP = 75,381 30 CHP = 15,097 12 GP = 9,104 20 Libert. = 4,719 16 Rhino = 3,326 11 Comm. = 1,320 12 Ind. = 1,222 8 None = 1,198 11 CRWP = 158 3 Com'lth = 23 1 Total 58,193 43,217 31,421 49,331 44,640 44,469 42,874 51,412 41,155 34,487 35.201 50,877 55,377 57,157 45,188 49,186 52,302 42,551 43,195 53,983 37,335 35,115 58,025 65,447 31.910 53,881 60,531 63,409 39.201 54,654 50,294 58,999 1,535,017 5,560 1,540,577 321 : British Columbia Table 13-21 British Columbia Provincial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1937-1986 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Province Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % June 1, 1937 8 16.7 119,521 28.6 31 64.6 156,074 37.3 7 14.6 119,400 28.6 October 21, 1941 12 25.0 140,282 30.9 21 43.8 149,525 32.9 14 29.2 151,400 33.4 October 25, 1945 *** *** *** *** 37 77.1 261,147 59.7 10 20.8 175,960 37.6 June 15, 1949 *** *** *** * * * 39 81.3 428,773 63.6 7 14.6 245,284 35.1 June 12, 1952 4 8.3 129,439 16.8 6 12.5 180,289 23.5 18 37.5 236,562 30.8 June 9, 1953 1 2.1 40,780 5.6 4 8.3 171,671 23.6 14 29.2 224,513 30.8 September 19, 1956 25,373 3.1 2 3.8 177,922 21.8 10 19.2 231,511 28.3 September 12, 1960 66,943 6.7 4 7.7 208,249 20.9 16 30.8 326,094 32.7 September 30, 1963 109,090 11.3 5 9.6 193,363 20.0 14 26.9 269,004 27.8 September 12, 1966 1,409 0.2 6 10.9 152,155 20.2 16 29.1 252,753 33.6 August 27, 1969 1,087 0.1 5 9.1 186,235 19.0 12 21.8 331,813 33.9 August 30, 1972 2 3.6 143,450 12.7 5 9.1 185,640 16.4 38 69.1 448,260 39.6 December 11, 1975 1 1.8 49,796 3.9 1 1.8 93,379 7.2 18 32.7 505,396 39.2 May 10, 1979 71,078 5.1 6,662 0.5 26 45.6 646,184 46.0 May 5, 1983 19,131 1.2 44,442 2.7 22 38.6 741,354 44.9 October 22, 1986 14,074 0.7 130,505 6.7 22 31.9 824,544 42.6 Totals and Means 28 3.3 7.8 166 19.6 23.5 264 33.9 35.3 'CCF through 1959. 2|ncludes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. ***The Liberals and Conservatives formed a coalition in 1945 and 1949. Their combined results are tallied in the Liberal column, but are not computed into the aggregate means for vote and seat percentages. 322 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total Number % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2 4.2 22,934 5.5 48 417,929 1 2.1 12,646 2.8 48 453,893 6,627 1.4 1 2.1 24,013 5.1 48 467,747 8,464 1.2 2 4.2 16,302 2.3 48 698,823 19 39.6 209,049 27.2 1 2.1 13,222 1.7 48 768,561 28 58.3 274,771 37.8 1 2.1 16,104 2.2 48 727,839 39 75.0 374,711 45.8 1 1.9 7,880 1.0 52 817,397 32 61.5 386,886 38.8 8,232 0.8 52 996,404 33 63.5 395,079 40.8 1,139 0.1 52 967,675 33 60.0 342,751 45.6 2,808 0.4 55 751,876 38 69.1 457,777 46.8 1,444 0.1 55 978,356 10 18.2 352,776 31.2 2,046 0.2 55 1,132,172 35 63.6 635,482 49.2 6,398 0.5 55 1,290,451 31 54.4 677,607 48.2 3,542 0.3 57 1,405,077 35 61.4 820,807 49.8 23,799 1.4 57 1,649,533 47 68.1 954,516 49.3 11,814 0.6 69 1,935,453 380 44.9 25.9 9 1.1 1.4 847 323 : British Columbia 14 The Northwest Territories Having achieved separate voting status in time for the 1953 elections, the Northwest Territories is quite possibly the largest inhabited area of the world with the least national representation. Making up some 35 percent of Canada’s total land area, with well over 3 million square kilo¬ meters, the Northwest Territories had one rep¬ resentative in Ottawa until 1979, and now has two. Each riding (Nunatsiaq or the Eastern Arc¬ tic, 1 and the Western Arctic) has a population of roughly 20,000, as compared to a national average of more than 75,000. The members of Parliament therefore have an enormous task trying to meet their constituents and represent¬ ing them in Ottawa. In such a situation it is difficult to discuss an electoral or party “system” qua system. The presence of a strong party organization for either party would be problematical at best, given both the extreme distances involved and the difficulties in establishing face-to-face com¬ munications. Rather, considering the extreme isolation of most of Northwest Territories settle¬ ments, it is more likely than not that voters either carry forward their own parochial attach¬ ments, or that, through exposure to national (and American) 2 media, they reflect prevail¬ ing trends, as individually perceived. It is also essential to point out that, with only two con¬ stituencies, the results may very well reflect not an organization of the electorate by a political party per se, but attachments to or rejections of individual incumbents. Clearly, these cautionary notes also apply to the Yukon as well. 3 The nwt emerges, in its brief national elec¬ toral history, as a true multiparty area. The Pro¬ gressive Conservatives (5 seats), the Liberals (8 seats), and the ndp (4 seats) have been able to win representation in Commons. Of interest here is the fact that, for 6 of the first 7 elections (1953-68), the Liberals were able to win, and by rather handsome margins, even resisting the tide of the 1958 Diefenbaker victory by giving the Liberal incumbent more than 57 percent. In the 6 elections starting with 1972, however, the Liberals have been able to exceed a third of the vote only 3 times, losing initally to the ndp, which was able to win seats in 4 straight elections, and then to the Tories, who first won in 1979, when the territory acquired its second seat. It should also be noted that the right-wing policies of Social Credit scarcely proved attrac¬ tive to nwt voters, having fielded only one can¬ didate in the 13 elections. The two major parties have contested all seats since nwt started sending its own Mem¬ ber of Parliament to Commons. The ndp first contested for a seat in 1965 and has run a can¬ didate for every election since then, first winning in 1974. For the most part, nwt federal elections have been decided within fairly narrow margins, as more than half have been decided by margins of less than 10 percent of the vote. There has been a trend, in fact, for the elections to be de¬ cided by narrow margins since, during the Lib¬ eral's period of winning, margins were generally greater than 10 percent. Territorial government is conducted on a non¬ partisan basis, with 22 members in the Legis¬ lative Assembly. Hence, we cannot compare national with local results. Notes 1. It is worth noting that Nunatsiaq has sent the first Inuit to Commons. In this vein, the Inuit now have one member in the appointive Senate. 325 : The Northwest Territories 2. See Andrew H Malcolm, The Canadians (New York: Times Books, 1985), pp. 31-32, on the Northern Service of cbc and how American content may be routinely broadcast to the Inuit. This does not take into account the use of satellite dishes and the reception of explicitly American channels. 3. Granting the small numbers involved, both the nwt and the Yukon have experienced a relatively high degree of incumbents standing for and winning reelection. Their combined rate of winning reelection was 84.6 percent, 1935-68, and 90 percent, 1972-84. Table 14-1 Northwest Territories—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ CCF/NDP 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number °/ 1953 1,344 38.5 1 100.0 1,722 49.4 1957 1,253 31.8 1 100.0 2,686 68.2 1958 2,080 42.8 1 100.0 2,782 57.2 1962 3,519 42.4 1 100.0 3,842 46.2 1963 1 100.0 4,814 56.8 3,659 43.2 1965 3,615 39.1 1 100.0 5,194 56.2 431 4 1968 2,211 23.4 1 100.0 6,018 63.8 1,203 12 1972 4,339 30.9 4,121 29.3 1 100.0 5,597 39 1974 4,271 33.2 3,173 24.7 1 100.0 5,410 42 1979 1 50.0 5,410 32.3 5,714 34.1 1 50.0 5,348 31 1980 1 50.0 3,998 24.7 5,802 35.8 1 50.0 6,225 38 1984 2 100.0 8,059 41.3 5,254 26.9 5,511 28 1988 5,585 26.4 2 100.0 8,771 41.4 5,993 28 Totals and Means 5 29.4 35.7 8 47.1 44.3 4 23.5 17 iCCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 14-2 Northwest Territories—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Total Prog- Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candj . Chan gjng Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1953 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1957 1 1 1 1 2 1958 1 1 1 1 2 1962 1 1 1 1 1 3 1963 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1965 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1968 1 1 1 1 1 3 1972 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1974 1 1 1 1 1 3 1979 2 2 1 2 2 1 6 1 1980 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 7 1984 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 7 1 1988 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 Totals 17 17 2 3 3 17 4 4 2 12 3 1 1 1 5 52 8 326 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 _ Social Credit Seats Votes lumber % Number Other 2 Total % Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number 948 11.4 0.9 421 12.1 1 3,487 1 3,939 1 4,862 1 8.309 1 8,473 1 9,240 1 9,432 1 14,057 1 12,854 273 1.6 2 16,745 180 1.1 2 16,205 686 3.5 2 19,510 833 3.9 2 21,182 1.7 17 Table 14-3 Northwest Territories—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 —4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1953 1957 1958 1962 1963 1965 1968 1972 1974 1979 1980 1984 1988 Totals Means 2 1 1 6 35.3 1 1 1 3 17.6 1 3 17.6 1 1 3 17.6 2 11.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 15 327 : The Northwest Territories Table 14-4 Northwest Territories—1979 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Nunatsiaq 1,352 26.0 1,887 36.3 1,963 37.7 5,202 Western Arctic 4,058 35.2 3,827 33.2 3,385 29.3 273 2.4 11,543 Territorial Total 5,410 32.3 5,714 34.1 5,348 31.9 273 1.6 16,745 Rejected 114 Total Vote Cast 16,859 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (2) Ind. = 273 1 Table 14-5 Northwest Territories—1980 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Nunatsiaq 442 7.8 2,377 41.8 2,688 47.3 180 3.2 5,687 Western Arctic 3,556 33.8 3,425 32.6 3,537 33.6 10,518 Territorial Total 3,998 24.7 5,802 35.8 6,225 38.4 180 3.2 16,205 Rejected 114 Total Vote Cast 16,319 Vote Cast for "Other”: Ridings (2) Rhino = 180 1 Table 14-6 Northwest Territories—1984 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Nunatsiaq 2,237 32.5 1,990 28.9 1,973 28.7 686 10.0 6,886 Western Arctic 5,822 46.1 3,264 25.9 3,538 28.0 12,624 Territorial Total 8,059 41.3 5,254 26.9 5,511 28.2 686 3.5 19,510 Rejected 128 Total Vote Cast 19,638 Vote Cast for "Other": Ridings (2) Ind. = 686 1 Table 14-7 Northwest Territories—1988 Election Results by Riding Prog. Cons. Liberal NDP Social Credit Other Riding Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Total Nunatsiaq 1,928 22.9 3,356 39.9 2,786 33.2 333 4.0 8,403 Western Arctic 3,657 28.6 5,415 42.4 3,207 25.1 500 3.9 12,779 Territorial Total 5,585 26.4 8,771 41.4 5,993 28.3 833 3.9 21,182 Rejected 134 Total Vote Cast 21,316 Vote Cast for 'Other ': Ridings (2) Ind. = 833 2 328 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 15 Yukon Like the Northwest Territories, it is difficult to consider the Yukon in terms of a party “sys¬ tem," given the small numbers of people and the great area involved. The same could also be said about the small numbers of elected repre¬ sentatives, as we shall see. For the most part the Yukon has been a Pro¬ gressive Conservative stronghold, but a two- party “system” nonetheless. Certainly, the fact that the Tories have won 13 of the 17 available seats would be sugggestive of this, especially since other parties, the ccf/ndp included, have not been evident in all elections and do not typi¬ cally produce a large share of the votes. In the case of the Yukon one could argue that the ostensibly conservative position of the Tories is consistent with the frontier mentality which values individual initiative. Of course, the same could also be said of the Liberal or ccf/ ndp policy positions, which stress the role of the community in helping others. Regardless, there is an empirical fact which makes it difficult if not impossible to sort out the effects of party, can¬ didate, and issue positions. Simply put, there have been only 17 elections in the period we study, and the Yukon has elected only 5 differ¬ ent persons to Commons in this time. One, in particular, shows the difficulties involved. Start¬ ing in 1958, Erik Nielsen won the first of 10 elec¬ tions to date as a Progressive Conservative. Was he elected as a Tory, or because of his own candidate qualities, or because of certain policy positions? While it is often difficult to sort out the effects of party and candidate qualities, for instance, 1 it is even more difficult when there is only one candidate, and that person always wins! Both major parties have contested every election, and third-party candidacies have been notable by their absence. At that, the results suggest that the Yukon may be reasonably competitive, since 35.3 percent of the seats have been won by margins of less than 10 percent. The Yukon first had partisan elections to the Territorial Legislative Assembly in 1978 and has had two subsequent elections. Hence, we are dealing with small numbers again. In these three, the Tories have had majorities twice, and it would seem that the Yukon can be described as a two-and-a-half or a three-party system, with the Liberals the weakest of the three. Three Independents have also been elected. Note 1. William P Irvine, "Does the Candidate Make a Dif¬ ference?" Canadian Journal of Political Science 15 (December 1982), 755-82. 329 : Yukon Table 15-1 Yukon—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1935-1988 Progressive Conservative _ Liberal _ _ CCF/NDP 1 _ Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Year Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number °/< 1935 1 100.0 696 55.6 555 44.4 1940 1 100.0 915 53.6 793 46.4 1945 1 100.0 849 40.0 584 27 1949 1 100.0 3,284 49.0 1,140 17 1953 590 15.7 1 100.0 2,176 57.8 1957 2,358 49.3 1 100.0 2,422 50.7 1958 1 100.0 2,947 54.5 2,340 43.3 1962 1 100.0 3,250 55.0 2,664 45.0 1963 1 100.0 2,969 49.6 2,455 41.0 1965 1 100.0 3,136 55.2 2,546 44.8 1968 1 100.0 3,110 48.0 3,048 47.0 325 5. 1972 1 100.0 4,332 53.0 2,633 32.2 951 11. 1974 1 100.0 3,913 47.1 2,784 33.5 1,618 19. 1979 1 100.0 4,538 44.6 3,065 30.1 2,578 25. 1980 1 100.0 3,926 40.6 3,825 39.6 1,918 19. 1984 1 100.0 6,648 56.8 2,535 21.7 1,884 16. 1988 4,524 35.3 1,450 11.3 1 100.0 6,594 51. Totals and Means 13 76.5 42.3 3 17.6 36.8 1 5.9 8. ’CCF through 1958. includes Independents, those with no party designation, and others. Table 15-2 Yukon—Seats Contested, Retained, Gained, and Lost, by Year and Party Tota | Prog. Cons. Liberal CCF/NDP Social Credit Others Candi . changing Year Seats C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L C R G L dates Seats 1935 1 1 1 1 2 1940 1 1 1 1 2 1945 1 1 1 1 1 3 1949 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1953 1 1 1 1 1 3 1957 1 1 1 1 2 1958 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1962 1 1 1 1 2 1963 1 1 1 1 1 3 1965 1 1 1 1 2 1968 1 1 1 1 1 3 1972 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1974 1 1 1 1 1 3 1979 1 1 1 1 1 3 1980 1 1 1 1 1 3 1984 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1988 1 1 ■i l 1 1 1 1 4 1 Totals 17 16 12 1 2 16 2 1 2 9 2 6 49 3 330 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 2 Total Seats Votes Seats Votes lumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 1 1,251 1 1,708 687 32.4 1 2,120 2,283 34.0 1 6,707 998 26.5 1 3,764 1 4,780 122 2.3 1 5,409 1 5,914 560 9.4 1 5,984 1 5,682 1 6,483 252 3.1 1 8,168 1 8,315 1 10,181 1 9,669 637 5.4 1 11,704 255 2.0 1 12,823 2.2 4.8 17 Table 15-3 Yukon—Seats Won by Percentage Point Margins Year 0.1 -4.9 5.0 -9.9 10.0 -14.9 15.0 -19.9 20.0 -24.9 25.0- 100.0 Total Seats 1935 1 1 1940 1 1 1945 1 1 1949 1 1 1953 1 1 1957 1 1 1958 1 1 1962 1 1 1963 1 1 1965 1 1 1968 1 1 1972 1 1 1974 1 1 1979 1 1 1980 1 1 1984 1 1 1988 1 1 Totals 2 4 5 2 1 3 17 Means 11.8 23.5 29.4 11.8 5.9 17.6 331 : Yukon Table 15-4 Yukon Territorial Elections—Summary of Votes Received and Seats Won, 1978-1985 Province Progressive Conservative Liberal CCF/NDP Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % November 20, 1978 11 68.8 2,869 37.1 2 12.5 2,201 28.5 1 6.3 1,568 20.: June 7, 1982 9 56.3 4,770 45.8 1,564 15.0 6 37.5 3,689 35, May 13, 1985 6 37.5 4,948 46.9 2 12.5 806 17.6 8 50.0 4,335 41. Totals and Means 26 54.2 43.3 4 8.3 17.0 15 31.3 32. 1 1ncludes Independents only. 332 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Social Credit Other 1 Seats Votes Seats Votes Total 'lumber % Number % Number % Number % Seats Votes 2 12.5 1,096 14.2 16 7,734 1 6.3 393 3.8 16 10,416 458 4.3 16 10,547 3 6.3 1.7 48 333 : Yukon Selected Bibliography Key for Journal Entries ajph = Australian Journal of Politics and History ajps = American Journal of Political Science ajs = American Journal of Sociology Annals = Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences apsr = American Political Science Review arcs = American Review of Canadian Studies asr = American Sociological Review bjps = British Journal of Political Science bjs = British Journal of Sociology cf = Canadian Forum ch = Current History chr = Canadian Historical Review cjeps = Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science cjp = Canadian Journal of Psychology cjps = Canadian Journal of Political Science cp = Comparative Politics cpa = Canadian Public Administration cpr = Canadian Parliamentary Review cps = Comparative Political Studies cr = Contemporary Review crpa = Canadian Review of Public Administration crsa = Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology dr = Dalhousie Review ejpe = European Journal of Political Economy ejpr = European Journal of Political Research ers = Ethnic and Racial Studies es = Electoral Studies fa = Foreign Affairs issj = Institute of Socioeconomic Studies Journal u = International Journal ipsr = International Political Science Review jcs = Journal of Canadian Studies jcps - Journal of Commonwealth Political Studies jop = Journal of Politics jq = Journalism Quarterly lsq = Legislative Studies Quarterly lur = Lakehead University Review mjps = Midwest Journal of Political Science ncr = National Civic Review pa = Parliamentary Affairs pno = Pacific Northwest Quarterly pola = Political Affairs polsc = Political Science poq = Public Opinion Quarterly pq = Political Quarterly ps = Political Studies psq = Political Science Quarterly pubad = Public Administration qq = Queen’s Quarterly rp = Review of Politics saq = South Atlantic Quarterly sf = Social Forces sr = Social Research trsc = Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada utq = University of Toronto Quarterly uwr = University of Windsor Review wpq = Western Political Quarterly Adamson, Agar, and Ian Stewart, “Party Politics in the Mysterious East." In Thorburn, ed. Aiken, Gordon, The Backbencher: Trials and Tribulations of a Member of Parliament. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1974. Aitchison, J. H., ed. The Political Process in Canada: Essays in Honor of R. MacGregor Dawson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963. Alford, Robert L. “Class Voting in the Anglo-American Political Systems." In Seymour M Lipset and Stein Rokkan, eds., Party Systems and Voter Alignments New York: Free Press. 1967. 335 : Bibliography -. Party and Society: The Anglo-American Democra¬ cies. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1963. -, "The Social Bases of Political Cleavage in 1962.'" In Meisel. ed., 1962. Anderson, Grace M. “Voting Behaviour and the Ethnic- Religious Variable: A Study of a Federal Election in Hamilton, Ontario." cjeps 32 (February 1966), 27-37 Angell, Harold M. Duverger, Epstein and the Problem of the Mass Party: The Case of the Parti Quebecois." cjps 20 (June 1987), 363-78 Angus, H. F “The British Columbia Election, June 1952 1 cjeps 18 (November 1952), 518-25. Anstett. Andrue, and Terence Qualter. "Election Systems." In Bellamy, Pammett, and Rowat, eds. Archer, Keith. "The Failure of the New Democratic Party: Unions, Unionists, and Politics in Canada " cjps 18 (June 1985), 353-66. -. “A Simultaneous Equation Model of Canadian Voting Behaviour." cjps 20 (September 1987), 553-72. Atkinson, Michael M. "Comparing Legislatures: The Policy Role of Backbenchers in Ontario and Nova Scotia." cjps 13 (March 1980), 55-74. Aucoin, Peter. "The Stanford Era: A Political Analysis." dr 47 (Autumn 1967), 400-409 -. “The 1970 Nova Scotia Provincial Election: Some Observations on Recent Party Performance and Electoral Support." jcs 7 (August 1972), 25-35. -, ed Party Government and Regional Representation in Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. Balinski, M. L., and H. P. Young. “Parliamentary Represen¬ tation and the Amalgam Method." cjps 14 (December 1981), 797-812. Barr, John, and Owen Anderson. The Unfinished Revolt. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971. Bashevkin, Sylvia B "Social Change and Political Partisan¬ ship: The Development of Women’s Attitudes in Quebec, 1965-1979." cps 16 (July 1983), 147-72. -. Toeing the Line: Women and Politics in English Canada Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. Beaud, Jean-Pierre. "The Parti Quebecois from Rene Levesque to Rene Levesque." In Thorburn, ed. Beck. J. Murray. “The Election of 1957 and the Canadian Electoral System." dr (Winter 1958), 331-40. -. "The Election of 1963 and National Unity.” dr 43 (Summer 1963), 143-54 -. "Elections." In Bellamy, Pammett, and Rowat, eds. -. "The Electoral Behaviour of Nova Scotia in 1965." dr 46 (Spring 1966), 29-38. -. The Government of Nova Scotia Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957 -. “The Nomination of Candidates in Nova Scotia." dr 36 (Winter 1957), 361-68. -, "Nova Scotia: Tradition and Conservatism." In Robin, ed - Pendulum of Power: Canada s Federal Elections. Toronto: Prentice-Hall, 1968 -. Quebec and the Canadian Elections of 1958." pa 12 (Winter 1958-59), 89-102 Beck, J Murray, and D J Dooley "Labour Parties New and Old." dr 40 (Fall 1960), 323-28. -. Party Images in Canada: What Sorts of Party Images Have Canadian Voters Found Attractive?" qq 62 (Autumn 1960), 431-48 Bellamy, David J. "The Atlantic Provinces." In Bellamy, Pammett and Rowat, eds. Bellamy, David J., Jon H Pammett, and Donald C Rowat, eds The Provincial Political Systems: Comparative Essays. Toronto: Methuen, 1976. Bergeron, Gerard. "Political Parties in Quebec." utq 27 (April 1958), 352-68 Beyme, Klaus von. Political Parties in Western Democracies. New York: St. Martin's, 1985 Black, Edwin R "Federal Strains Within a Canadian Party" dr 45 (Autumn 1965), 307-23 - "Opposition Research. Some Theories and Practice." cpa 15 (Spring 1972), 24-41 -. "Turning Canadian Politics Inside Out." pq 51 (April/ June 1980), 141-53. Black, Jerome H. "Immigrant Political Adaptation in Canada: Some Tentative Findings." cjps 15 (March 1982), 3-27. -. "The Practice of Politics in Two Settings: Political Transferability Among Recent Immigrants to Canada." cjps 20 (December 1987), 731-53 -. "Revisiting the Effects of Canvassing on Voting Behaviour." cjps 17 (June 1984), 351-74. Black, Jerome H., and Nancy E McGlen. “Male-Female Political Involvement Differentials in Canada, 1965-1974." cjps 12 (September 1979), 471-97 Blais, Andre. "Third Parties in Canadian Provincial Politics." cjps 6 (September 1973), 422-38 Blake, Donald E. "The Consistency of Inconsistency: Party Identification in Federal and Provincial Politics." cjps 14 (December 1982), 691-710 -. “Constituency Contexts and Canadian Elections: An Exploratory Study.” cjps 11 (June 1978), 279-305. -. "1896 and All That: Critical Elections in Canada." cjps 12 (June 1979), 259-79. -. " The Land Is Strong (?)': An Interpretation of the 1972 Canadian Election." ajph 19 (April 1973), 48-62 -. "The Measurement of Regionalism in Canadian 336 : Canada Votes, 1935-1988 Voting Patterns." cjps 5 (March 1972), 55-81. -. Two Political Worlds: Parties and Voting in British Columbia. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1985. Blake, Donald E., R K. Carty, and Lynda Erickson. "Ratifi¬ cation or Repudiation: Social Credit Leadership Selection In British Columbia." cjps 21 (September 1988), 513-37. Winn, Conrad, and John McMenemy. Political Parties in Canada. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1976. Blondel, Jean. "Party Systems and Patterns of Government in Western Democracies." cjps 1 (June 1968), 180-203 Boudreau, Joseph. Alberta, Aberhart, and Social Credit Toronto: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975. Boyle, T. P. Elections British Columbia. Vancouver: Lion's Gate Press, 1982 Brady, Alexander. Democracy in the Dominions. 3d ed. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1958. -. "Quebec and Canadian Federalism, cjeps 25 (August 1959), 259-70. Brodie, M. Janine. "From Waffles to Grits: A Decade in the Life of the New Democratic Party." In Thorburn, ed -. "Tensions from Within: Regionalism and Party Politics in Canada." In Thorburn, ed. Brodie, M. Janine, and Jane Jenson. Crisis, Challenge, and Change: Party and Class In Canada Toronto: Methuen, 1980. Brodie, M. Janine, and Jill Vickers. "The More Things Change . . . Women In the 1979 Federal Campaign.” In Penniman, ed., 1979/1980. Brown-John, C. Lloyd. "Party Politics and the Canadian Federal Service." pubad 52 (Spring 1974), 79-93. Brownstone, Meyer. "Another View on the Saskatchewan Government.” cf 44 (December 1964), 198-200 Burke, Mike, Harold D. Clarke, and Lawrence LeDuc. " Federal and Provincial Political Participation In Canada: Some Methodological and Substantive Considerations." crsa 15 (February 1978), 61-75. Cairns, Alan C. "The Electoral System and the Party System in Canada." cjps 1 (March 1968), 55-80. -. "The Constitutional, Legal, and Historical Back¬ ground." In Penniman, ed., 1979/1980. -. "A Reply to J A. A. Lovink. . . ." cjps 3 (December 1970), 517-21. Cairns, Alan C., and Daniel Wong "Socialism, Federalism and the B.C. Party Systems 1933-1983.” In Thorburn, ed. Campbell, Colin. The Canadian Senate: A Lobby from Within Toronto: Macmillan, 1978. Caplan, Gerald L. The Dilemma of Canadian Socialism: The ccf in Ontario Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1973 - “The Failure of Canadian Socialism: The Ontario Experience, 1932-1945." chr 44 (June 1963), 93-121. -. “The Ontario "Gestapo" Affair, 1943-1945." cjeps 30 (August 1957), 343-59. Caplan, Neil. “Some Factors Affecting the Resolution of a Federal-Provincial Conflict." cjps 2 (June 1969), 173-86. Carrigan, D. Owen, comp. Canadian Party Platforms, 1867- 1968. Toronto: Copp Clark, 1968. Carty, R. Kenneth. “Choosing New Party Leaders." In Penni¬ man, ed., 1984. Carty, R. Kenneth, and W. Peter Ward, eds. National Politics and Community in Canada. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1986. Casstevens, Thomas W., and William A. Denham III. “Turn¬ over and Tenure in the Canadian House of Commons, 1867-1968." cjps 3 (December 1970), 655-61. Casstevens, Thomas W., and William D. Morris. “The Cube Law and the Decomposed System.” cjps 5 (December 1970), 521-32. Cervin, Vladimir. "Some Correlates of Voting Behaviour in the 1952 Quebec Elections: A Pilot Study." cjeps 21 (August 1955), 370-73. Chandler, Marsha A. "State Enterprise and Partisanship in Provincial Politics." cjps 15 (December 1982), 711-40 Chandler, Marsha A., and William M. Chandler. Public Policy and Provincial Politics. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1979. Chi, N. H. “The Regression Model of Regionalism: A Critique.” cjps 5 (June 1972), 291-97. Chorney, Harold, and Phillip Hansen. "Neo-Conservatism, Social Democracy and "Province Building': The Experience of Manitoba." crsa 22 (February 1985), 1-29 Christian, William, and Colin Campbell. Political Parties and Ideologies in Canada: Liberals, Socialists, Nationalists. 2d ed. Toronto: McGraw-Hill, 1983. Clarke, Harold D “The Ideological Self-Perceptions of Provin¬ cial Legislators." cjps 11 (September 1978), 617-33. -. "Parliament, Policy, and Representation." cjps 14 (June 1981), 424-26. -. "Partisanship and the Parti Quebecois: The Impact of the Independence Issue ” arcs 8 (Fall 1978), 28-47. -. "Party Quebecois and Sources of Partisan Realign¬ ment in Contemporary Quebec." jop 44 (November 1983), 64-85. Clarke. Harold D., Colin Campbell, F. Q. Quo, and Arthur Goddard, eds. Parliament, Policy and Representation Toronto: Methuen, 1980. Clarke, Harold D., Kai Hildebrandt, Lawrence LeDuc, and Jon Pammett. "Issue Volatility and Partisan Linkages in a Period of Economic Decline in Canada, Great Britain, the United States, and the Federal Republic of Germany." ejpr 13 (September 1985), 237-63 337 : Bibliography Clarke, Harold D., Jane Jenson, Lawrence LeDuc, and Jon H Pammett. Absent Mandate: The Politics of Discontent in Canada. Agincourt. Ont.: Gage, 1984. Clarke, Harold D.. Jane Jenson, Lawrence LeDuc, and Jon Pammett Political Choice in Canada Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1979. Clarke, Harold D., Jane Jenson, Lawrence LeDuc, and Jon Pammett “Voting Behaviour and the Outcome of the 1979 Federal Election: The Impact of Leaders and Issues." cjps 15 (September 1982), 517-52. Clarke, Harold D , Allan Kornberg, and Marianne C. Stewart "Parliament and Political Support in Canada." apsr 78 (June 1984). 452-69 Clarke, Harold D., Allan Kornberg, and Marianne C. Stewart "Politically Active Minorities: Political Participation in Cana¬ dian Democracy." In Allan Kornberg and Neil Nevitte, eds., Minorities and the Canadian State. Oakville, Ont: Mosaic Press, 1985. Clarke, Harold D., and Richard G. Price Freshman mps' Job Images: The Effects of Incumbency, Ambition, and Position." cjps 13 (September 1980), 583-606. Clarke, Harold D., and Richard G. Price. "A Note on the Pre-Nomination Role Socialization of Freshman Members of Parliament." cjps 10 (June 1977), 391-406. Clarke, Harold D., and Richard G. Price. "Parliamentary Ex¬ perience and Representational Role Orientations in Canada lso 6 (August 1981), 374-89. Clarke, Harold D., Richard G Price, and Robert Krause "Backbenchers.” In Bellamy, Pammett, and Rowat, eds Clarke, Harold D., Richard G. Price, and Robert Krause. "Constituency Service Among Canadian Provincial Legisla¬ tors: Basic Findings and a Test of Three Hypotheses." cjps 8 (December 1975), 520-42 Clarke, Harold D., Richard G. Price, Marianne C. Stewart, and Robert Krause. "Motivational Patterns and Differential Participation in a Canadian Party: The Ontario Liberals." ajps 22 (February 1978), 130-51. Clarke, Harold D., and Marianne C. Stewart. "Canada: The Politics of Electoral Volatility.” In Mark Franklin, Tom Mackie, and Henry Valen, eds., Social Structure and Party Choice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989 Clarke, Harold D., and Marianne C. Stewart "Partisan Inconsistency and Partisan Change in Federal States: The Case of Canada." ajps 31 (May 1987), 383-407 Clarke, Harold D.. and Marianne C Stewart “Short-Term Forces and Partisan Change in Canada, 1974-1980 " es 4 (April 1985), 15-35. Clarke, Harold D., and Marianne C. Stewart. "The Two Dimensions of Political Alienation in Western Canada." In C. Lloyd Brown-John, ed., Federal States: Centralizing or Decentralizing—A Global Perspective Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1988 Clarke, Harold D., Marianne C. Stewart, and Gary Zuk, eds Economic Decline and Political Change: Canada, Great Britain, the United States. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989 Clarke, Harold D., Marianne C. Stewart, and Gary Zuk. The Political Economy of Party Support in Canada: 1980-1984." ejpe 2 (1986), 25-45. Clarke, Harold D., Marianne C. Stewart, and Gary Zuk. "Political Support in Multiparty Canada: 1980-1984." In Manfred J. Holler, ed., The Logic of Multiparty Systems. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1987. Clarke. Harold D , and Gary Zuk. "The Politics of Party Popularity: Canada. 1974-1979.” cp 19 (April 1987), 299-315 Clarkson, Stephen. "Barrier to Entry of Parties into Toronto's Civic Politics." cjps 4 (June 1971), 206-23. - City Lib: Parties and Reform Toronto: Hakkert, 1972. -. "The Dauphin and the Doomed: John Turner and the Liberal Party's Debacle " In Penniman, ed., 1984. - “The Defeat of the Government, the Decline of the Liberal Party, and the (Temporary) Fall of Pierre Trudeau." In Penniman, ed., 1979/1980. -. “Pierre Trudeau and the Liberal Party: The Jockey and the Horse.” In Penniman, ed., 1974 Cody. Howard. “The Ontario Response to Quebec's Sepa¬ ratist Challenge." arcs 8 (Spring 1978), 43-55. Coleman, William. The Independence Movement in Quebec 1945-1980. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1984. Conley, Marshall W., and Patrick J. Smith. "Political Recruit¬ ment and Party Activists: British and Canadian Comparisons.” ipsr 4 (January 1983), 48-56. Conway, J. F. "Populism in the United States, Russia, and Canada: Explaining the Roots of Canada’s Third Parties." cjps 11 (March 1978), 99-124 Cook, Ramsay. The French Canadian Question." pq 36 (January-March 1965), 5-19. Cooper, Barry, Allan Kornberg, and William Mishler, eds. The Resurgence of Conservatism in Anglo-American Democra¬ cies. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1988. Cooper, Barry, Allan Kornberg, and William Mishler. "The Resurgence of Conservatism in Britain, Canada, and the United States: An Overview." In Cooper, Kornberg, and Mishler, eds. Copes, Parzival. The Fishermen's Vote in Newfoundland." cjps 3 (December 1970), 579-604. Cornell, Paul G. The Alignment of Political Groups in Canada: 1841-1867 Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962. Courtney, John C. “Campaign Strategy and Electoral Victory: The Progressive Conservatives and the 1979 Election." 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"Voting in a Provincial General Election and in a Federal By-Election: A Constituency Study of Saskatoon City." cjeps 32 (August 1966), 338-53. Cox, David. “Leadership Change and Innovation in Cana¬ dian Foreign Policy: The 1979 Progressive Conservative Government.” u 37, (Autumn 1982), 555-83. Cunningham, Robert B. "The Impact of the Local Candidate in Canadian Federal Elections." cjps 4 (June 1971), 287-90. Cunningham, Robert B., and Gilbert R. Winham. "Compara¬ tive Urban Voting Behavior: Canada and the United States.” arcs 3 (Summer 1973), 76-100. Curtin, James E., and Ronald D. Lambert. "Voting, Election Interest, and Age: National Findings for English and French Canadians." cjps 9 (June 1976), 293-307. Davis, Morris. "Ballot Behaviour in Halifax Revisited." cjeps 30 (November 1964), 538-58 -. “Did They Vote for Candidate or Party in Halifax?" In Meisel, ed., 1962. -. “A Last Look at Ballot Behaviour in the Dual Constitu¬ ency of Halifax." cjeps 32 (August 1966), 366-71. Dawson, R. MacGregor. “The Gerrymander of 1882." cjeps 1 (February 1935), 197-221. -. The Government of Canada. 5th ed. Toronto: Univer¬ sity of Toronto Press, 1970. Dean, Edgar Packard. "How Canada Has Voted: 1867 to 1945." chr 30 (September 1949), 227-48. Dion, Leon. “The Election in the Province of Quebec." In Meisel, ed., 1962. Dion, Leon, and Micheline de Seve. "Quebec: Interest Groups and the Search for an Alternative Political System." Annals 413 (May 1974), 124-44. Dobie, Edith "Party History in British Columbia 1903-1933 pno 27 (April 1936), 153-66. Donnelly, M. S. The Government of Manitoba. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963. -. "Parliamentary Government in Manitoba." cjeps 23 (February 1957), 20-32. Dooley, D. J. "Quebec and the Future of Canada." rp 27 (January 1965), 17-31. Dupont, Pierre. How Levesque Won: The Story of the P.O.’s Stunning Section Victory. Toronto: James Lorimer, 1977. Dyck, Rand. Provincial Politics in Canada. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1986. Eager, Evelyn. "The Conservatism of the Saskatchewan Electorate." In Ward and Spafford, eds. Edwards, Kevin. "Limits on Policy-Making by Social Demo¬ cratic Parties." In Thorbum, ed. Elkins, David J. "The Measurement of Party Competition." apsr 68 (June 1974), 682-700. -. “Party Identification: A Conceptual Analysis." cjps 11 (June 1978), 419-35. (See Jenson, "Comment. ") -. "The Perceived Structure of the Canadian Party Systems." cjps 7 (September 1974), 502-24. Elkins, David J., and Donald E. Blake. “Voting Research in Canada: Problems and Prospects." cjps 8 (June 1975), 313-25. Elkins, David J., and Richard Simeon, eds. Small Worlds: Provinces and Parties in Canadian Political Life. Toronto: Methuen, 1980. Engelmann, Frederick C. "Membership Participation in Policy-Making in the C.C.F." cjeps 22 (May 1956), 161-73. Engelmann, Frederick C., and Mildred A. Schwartz. Political Parties and the Canadian Social Structure. Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Engelmann, Frederick C., and Mildred A. Schwartz. Canadian Political Parties: Origin, Character, Impact Scarborough: Prentice-Hall, 1975. English, John. "Canada's Road to 1945." jcs 16 (Fall-Winter 1981). Epstein, Leon D "A Comparative Study of Canadian Parties." apsr 58 (March 1964), 46-60. Erickson, Lynda, ccf-ndp Popularity and the Economy." cjps 21 (March 1988), 99-116. Falcone, David J. "Legislative Change and Policy Change: A Deviant Case Analysis of the Canadian House of Commons jop 41 (May 1979), 611-32. Ferguson, G. V., and F H Underhill. Press and Party in Canada: Issues of Freedom. Toronto: Ryerson, 1955. Filley, Walter O. "Social Structure and Canadian Political Parties: The Quebec Case." wpq 9 (December 1956), 900-14 Fitzpatrick, P J. New Brunswick: The Politics of Pragma¬ tism." In Robin, ed 339 : Bibliography Flavelle, Lucinda, and Phillip Kaye, Party Discipline and Legislative Voting." cpr 9 (Summer 1986), 6-9 Fletcher, Frederick J. 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Plus c'est la meme chose: Reflec¬ tions on the Canadian General Election of 1984.” arcs 16 (Spring 1986), 1-16. Fraser, Graham, pq: Rene Levesque and the Parti Ouebecois in Power. Toronto: Macmillan, 1984. Frizzell, Alan, and Anthony Westfall. The Canadian General Election of 1984: Politicians, Parties, Press, and Polls. Ottawa: Carleton University Press. 1985 Frohlich, Norman, and Irvin Boschmann. “Partisan Preference and Income Distribution: Cross-National and Cross-Sexual Results." cjps 19 (March 1986), 53-69. Gaboury, Jean-Pierre, and James Ross Hurley, eds The Canadian House of Commons Observed Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1979. Gagne, Wallace, and Peter Regenstreif. “Some Aspects of New Democratic Party Urban Support in 1965, cjeps 33 (November 1967). 529-50. Galbraith, Gordon. British Columbia. In Bellamy. Pammett, and Rowat, eds. Geller-Schwartz, Linda. Minority Government Reconsidered." jcs 14 (Summer 1979), 67-79. Gerber, L. M The Federal Election of 1968: Social Class Composition and Party Support in the Electoral Districts of Ontario." crsa 23 (February 1986), 118-35. Gibbins, Roger. “Conservatism in Canada: The Ideological Impact of the 1984 Election." In Cooper, Kornberg, and Mishler, eds. -. "Models of Nationalism: A Case Study of Political Ideologies in the Canadian West." cjps 10 (June 1977), 341-73. -. Prairie Politics and Society: Regionalism in Decline. Toronto: Butterworths, 1980 - Regionalism: Territorial Politics in Canada and the United States. Toronto: Butterworths, 1982. Gibbins, Roger, Rainer Knopff, and F. L. Morton. “Canadian Federalism, The Charter of Rights, and the 1984 Election." Publius 15 (Summer 1985), 153-69 Gibbons, Kenneth, and D. C Rowat, eds. Political Corruption in Canada Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1976. Gilsdorf, Robert R “Cognitive and Motivational Sources of Voter Susceptibility to Influence." cjps 6 (December 1973), 624-38 Gingras, Frangois-Pierre. "Ontario." 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