mu ; . : . v . ■ «««BS8 i lfS^S^Sl®S lfflSf: : 1 laiiiiiiiiiiaBS 1 ... ' ■ »i#Pilf . twin 9505 .R53 F574 1894 . • ' \\ • r-\n-!r.< - . \ \ •'. t\wi«w«nutuwu" -*•*'-.• \ '. ‘rt. »,\ ,\\ ^ \ , \ \ ^\%'i\ N ' ^ ^ I v ; f. r )' k /? m M..y$ A <®? jfe 1 ^ ;: A AA> I iu " ; ® -M A® A ®S: r A mhHhH^SHHkShBb -: i.r ;> ; :' . .-'J-ir.;'.. sSsrftE ■MWillMM > v ^ » ■ 8tiWMMto » . : X fw/W/ / {( )/ C^OOl J^/ /7 \ \^// / V\'" \ i / / \\ )//({ /; / ' f n / /l v \\ //XxW ////\ \\ // /- v //u\^/7/u \^x// \v\y// \ / Z^'\ 1/ /y\ \\ i//m\ w/W/ t ' XX/Am\ X^X 1 X\^/l V ( ( \ ) X < g mm /V/V^iy ^YM\^ m^/ XiXMi }2JMm mm X(/)Xl \- / ({ \\ y/ / ( : X*$l V Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/richmondvirginia01fire S. A. L. Qa/t-oU/w z/, m ...Between... m A ▼ 1 ▼ ▲ ▼ BOSTON, NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, WASHINGTON, RICHMOND, NORFOLK, PORTSMOUTH. A ▼ Ar,r> M1T~ ATLANTA, MONTGOMERY, MOBILE, NEW ORLEANS, CHATTANOOGA, NASHVILLE, MEMPHIS, MACON, JACKSONVILLE, ™ “ THE ATLANTA SPECIAL ” Solid ipullman DeetlbuleO {Train. 7. J. ANDERSON, General Passenoer Agent, PORTSMOUTH. VA. H. M. BOYKIN, Passenge Agent, RICHMOND, VA. 1 DAVENPORT & MORRIS, Seventeenth and Dock Streets, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, Importers of COFFEE direct from Rio and Santos; MOLASSES from Cuba and Porto Rico: SUGAR, IRISH AND ENGLISH PORTER, GUINNESS STOUT BASS ALE. Agents for J. & F. MARTELL’S FINE COGNAC BRANDY, and CAR- ENOU & TUB,, of Zaragosa, Spain, iFINEST LICORICE PHSTE «■ Also Distillers’ Agents for FULCHER, BESORE, WYSOR, PHIL. BAKER, JACOB GROVER, SUMMER’S NELSON COUNTY KENTUCKY FINE RYE WHISKIES, and particular attention fl>ait> to jfilling ©rfcers. To Get to a Fire Quickly ! Your Horses must be well shod. We make the best Shoes iu the world for that purpose. Write to or call on us for particulars. xOld + Dominion + Iron * and + Nail + Worksx ARTHUR B. CLARKE, PRESIDENT. RICHMOND, VIRGIN1H. Progressive Endowment Guild of America. A MODEL BENEFICIAL ORGANIZATION. $500 to $5,000 in ten years, or previous, in case of death. $2.50 to $25.00 per week in case of sickness or accident. BENEFICIAL , RELIABLE , BUSINESS-LIKE. Headquarters: Richmond, Va. JAMES LYONS, Httorne? at Haw anb IRotav^ flbubltc, 5 State Bank: Building, RICHMOND, VA. JAMES MCDONOUGH i CO., First-Class Carriages, Buggies, and Horses. Excellent Accommodations for Horses and Vehicles. All Kinds of Vehicles Made to Order. Orders Filled at all Hours. Nos. 5 to 15 N. Eighteenth Street, Between Main and Franklin, RICHMOND, VA. TELEPHONE NO. 301. WIRT E. TAYLOR & CO., Wloteld Fancy Grocers ail KanuMnring Confectioners, Nos. I I OO- i I 02 East Cary Street, RICHMOND, VA. Cigars and Tobacco a Specialty. 3 Tobacconists' Supplies. Mailer tCa^lor & Son, aabolcsale anb iRctail Sealers in jflonr, <$rain, 'ID 'iv ani> /Ibill*3fee6 ©f all Ifcinfcs, {Telephone 855. Bo. 109 1R. Eighteenth Street. FRANKLIN DAVIS, President. EDWIN DAVIS, Vice-President. HOWARD DAVIS, Secretary and Treasurer. Franklin Davis Nursery Ge., (INCORPORATED) RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, The Oldest and Largest —" KNURSERIES IN THE SOUTH. 500 acres in IHurseries. 100 acres in ©rebarbs. 100 acres in Small ffruits. ©reatest Darietp of Stock. aillHew madefies of /Iberit. FRUIT, ORNAMENTAL AND SHADE TREES, SHRUBS, EVERGREENS, ROSES AND VINES. ALL STOCK GUARANTEED TO BE TRUE TO NAME. FRANKLIN DAVIS NURSERY CO. Brands : orchilla NATIONAL. CAPITAL. B. B. B. W. TRAVIS ^ C °-’ MANUFACTURERS f ERT\L\Z£^' 5.000 Tons Acid Phosphate lor Sale. RICHMOND, VA. USE KINGAN’S^ ‘ RELIABLE” HAMS. KINGAN S CO., PORK «s» BEEF PACKERS. RICHMOND. VIRGINIA. FIRE SHUTTERS AND ZDOOIRS. P. SITTDRDINS, MANUFACTURER OF Frames, Sash, Doors, Blinds, Mouldings, Mantels . FINE INTERIOR FINISH. BUILDERS’ MATERIAL. IAIN OFFICE : Shoe anti Planing Ml, St. lames from Lelgl to Jackson . \ Riphmnnd Va BRANCH YARDS : I oibamy and Leigh, with R. R. Connections. J uiiumuiiu ’ * a ' ROTHERT & CO., DEALERS IN Fiirniture, Earpets, Steves, REFRIGERATORS AND BABY CARRIAGES. 505 E. Broad Street, - Richmond, Va. THE P. H. MAYO & BROTHER, (INCORPORATED) RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, U. S. A., MANUFACTURERS OF Fine Chewing and Smoking Tobaccos. NAVIES A SPECIALTY. UNITED STATES, CITY, AND STATE DEPOSITORY. fllbercbants IRational IBnnh, RICHMOND, yiRGINIH. CAPITAL, -------- $200,000. Surplus and Undivided Profits, - ■ 221,000. Interest Alowed on Balances by Agreement. Business Paper Discounted for Customers on Favorable Terms. JOHN P. BRANCH, President. FRED. R. SCOTT, Vice-President. J. F. GLENN, Cashier. Cigarette smokers who are willing to pay a little more than the price charged for the ordinary trade cigarettes, will find this brand superior to ail others. VIRGINIA BRIGHTS, The leading popular five-cent package. ALLEN & GINTER BRANCH, The American Tobacco Co., Richmond. Va. Also manufacturers of noted brands of High-Grade Smoking Tobaccos, VIRGINIA, TURKISH, PERIQUE AND HAVANA. 6 Richmond Locomotive ... and Machine Works Richmond, Va. BUILDERS OF LOCOMOTIVES. Simple Expansion and Compound for every variety of service. E. J. BOSHER. C. G. BOSHER. R. H. BOSHER’S SONS, ♦ light AND EXPRESS WAGONS £*>♦♦♦ Manufacturers of Ibose Wagons for flare Departments. No. 15 S. 9th STREET. RICHMOND, VA. 8 JOSEPH L. LEVY. CHAS. F. TAYLOR. JOHN H FRISCH KORN, PRES’T. G. WATT TAYLOR, Vice-Pres't. JAS. R. SHEPPARD. L. C JENKINS. THE RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, Fire Department, ITS Organization and Equipment, WITH AN Account of its Precursors From the initial organization of “Effective Friendship” in 1816. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF The Firemen’s Relief Association, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. MDCCCXCI V. IK! 1 1 MONI) EIRE DEPARTMENT, 1893. PREFATORY. 3U3 .1 novt F 533 \3°\L\ I N placing before the public this souvenir of Richmond’s Fire Depart- ment, it is becoming that the Firemen’s Relief Association, under whose auspices it is issued, should briefly outline the causes leading to their organization, what they have accomplished, and the goal of final attainment that beckons their fellowship onward. It would be a supererogation to either state or attempt to analyze the many difficulties which front the professional fire-fighter when attempting to procure security for life or limb, wife or child, through the medium of any public insurance company. The “up-to-date” financiers who man- age these institutions prefer risks less exposed — clients safer, if less gallant ; and, in consequence, mark our firemen as “Extra hazardous,” with increased rates, of course. The “Bayard” of modern life insurance has yet to come, who will successfully combine the bloodless mathematics of finance with a pulsing philanthropy broad enough to shelter the brave-hearted laddie under whose watchful care we nightly sleep serene, protected from the fire-fiend’s hungry maw. In 1891 the present Association was first effected. It was nursed into active existence by the liberality of several business houses whose appre- ciation of the good services rendered by the Department was practically expressed by cash donations amounting to from fifty to three hundred and fifty dollars in individual cases. In that year the aggregate of these gifts reached the handsome total of nine hundred dollars, and with this “ nest- eee ” the members met and formulated their code. The Association, in addition to the usual officers — as president, vice- president, etc. — is practically managed by a Board of Control, consisting of the Chief and the two Assistant Chiefs, who in turn elect a board of three trustees, selected from the personnel of the Association, in whose hands is placed the management and investment of all funds. 9 Each member pays monthly clues of twenty-five cents, and the resources are further strengthened by the liberal action of the Board of Fire Com- missioners in turning to the fund all fines assessed against individual members of the Department for breaches of discipline. Under these fostering influences the fund now amounts to nearly thirty- four hundred dollars, and has already paid out, in the form of death and sick benefits, over two thousand dollars. It is the aim of the Association to augment the resources of the relief fund to the self-supporting point, when every member of our brave force can feel assured of financial relief, in case of accident, without tax of any kind upon his individual and meagre pittance. To this end is dedicated the volume before you, and by supporting it, the many friends of the Fire Force can experience the satisfaction of knowing that the benefits derived will go to swell no selfish interest — no private fortune ; but will help to buoy up the manly men in whose kindly arms the forms of loved ones — - this very night — may be borne, amid crumbling walls and blazing rafters, from death to life. “He’s worthy to wear the laurel, Worthy to write his name, In living letters of fire, Within the Temple of Fame. “His loving heart does quick respond To stroke of belfry bell, By ‘instantaneous process,’ His. steps respond as well. “Time and space to him are naught When he hears the quick alarm; He leaves his cosy nest at home To save some nest from harm. “Nobly daring danger Amid the fiery wave, Risking precious human life A human life to save. 10 “Climbing dizzy heights From tottering wall to dome, Risking precious human life To save some one a home. “He has nobly won his laurels On real ladders of fame, He has done a fireman’s duty In sweet humanity’s name. “He’s a hero that should be honored, And his deeds of daring told, In flaming lines of living fire, In flaming lines of gold. “We all should render homage To heroes of every name, But in the highest niche of the Temple Place the Hero of the Flame.’’ Richmond, Va., June 15, 189J II HISTORICAL SKETCH. By R. A. BROCK. R ICHMOND was laid off for a town for Col. William Byrd — the second of the name in Virginia — in April, 1737, by Major William Mayo.* It was “established” as a town by act of the Virginia Assembly of May, 1742. Through the circumstances of the period, “environments,” and want of such stimulants, its progress, in common with many another embryo metropolis, was at an easy pace, but comfortable, as things went with the generality. As small as may have been the beginning, ‘ ‘ alarm ’ ’ of fire must have been excited, for in September, 1784, there was an enactment by the Assembly 1 ‘ to prevent the building and repairing wooden chimnies in the town of Richmond. ” It was incorporated as a city in 1782, and under the acceleration of this dignity, in 1789 the houses had increased to 300 and the inhabitants to 2,000, although there had been a destructive fire on January 8, 1787, which consumed “ between 40 and 50 dwellings and stores, with Byrd’s warehouse, f containing 70 hogsheads of tobacco.” In 1800, from the United States census returns, the population was 5,730. The city was then built along Main street to Seventeenth, which was extended northerly ; and there were also stores and warehouses on the banks of, and on by-ways leading to, James river. Some of the more opulent citizens had residences on Richmond, now commonly known as Church Hill. J It may be presumed, that until the regulations were concerted which will be presently stated, that fighting the fury of the devouring element had hitherto been dependent on individual action, in exigency. * One of two brothers, Joseph and William Mayo, progenitors of the worthy family of the name. f This warehouse appears to have been near the present Exchange Hotel, and between it and the river. \ So named from the venerable St. John’s church, erected in 1 .40. 12 CITY HALL, RICHMOND, VA. DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTERS. . . . l > The appliances were the family pails and the wells, if distant from the river or the James River and Kanawha canal. It was a “ bucket brigade,” with minor and major variations. Through the providence of the New England Historic- Getiea/ogical Society , Boston, Mass., which had preserved a little book (thus far, to our citizens, the only known copy), this sketch is continued. It is entitled “The Constitution of the Richmond Fire Society, in ti- tuted April, 1816. Richmond : Printed by John Warrock, 1816.” The said society was formed “for the purpose of rendering mutual assistance in the hour of peril, and to extend the influence of effective friendship.” The “regulations” provide that the society “ shall not consist of more than thirty-six members, governed by a president and standing committee of four members, to be chosen by ‘written votes.’ ” Omission of duty by said officers was punishable by a fine of fifty cents for each offence. There was a secretary, whose annual salary was fixed at $1-5. In addi- tion to the penalty above, this officer was subject to a fine of $5 upon the close of his official term if he refused to deliver his books to his successor. The stated meetings were held quarterly, on the first Tuesday in the months of January, April, July, and October. No officer was allowed to serve for a longer period than one year, and any member so elected and refusing to serve was subject to a fine of $2. Candidates for membership were balloted for, and it was required that five-sixths of the number of ballots cast should be in their favor. Each member was furnished with a book of regulations at a cost of seventy-five cents. He had also to provide himself with two buckets, two bags, and a bed socket-key ; failing to do so for three months he was subject to a fine of $2, which was the penalty, also, of each absence from a fire. In case of a fire the owner of the premises directed operations ; in his absence the president of the society had control. Each member was required to “keep corrected” the book of regula- tions, noting all changes of residence, &c. The widows of deceased members were entitled to the continued ser- vice of the society. The expenses of all meetings (which, doubtless, were of duly bounteous and social significance), were to be paid by per capita assessment. The rolls were called twice ; members absent at the first call were fined twenty-five cents, and at the second, fifty cents. Any member delinquent in dues for six months, or who absented him- self from the meetings and from duty for one year, his name was erased from the roll. Any member changing' his abode or business was required to notify the secretary within seven days thereafter. There were inspec- tions of membership outfit, and failure to attend the same was punishable by a fine of $1. All political and religious disputes were forbidden at the meetings of the society, and any member introducing such, and on being called to order, refusing to obey, was fined $5. The annual assessment was $4, payable quarterly. The title-page and constitution of the society compose twelve printed pages of the pamphlet ; thereafter follow fifty-six tabulated pages for a roster of members, the first thirty-six presenting in print the names, places of abode, and business of that number of members, of which, how- ever, ten are erased, indicating a severance of their connection with the society. Seven names in manuscript follow, making a complement of membership of thirty-three only. The location of abode is only given separately in one instance, leading to the presumption that merchants in those days usually dwelt in the same houses in which they conducted business. The places of business are stated as being located on the north or south side of E (Main) street, between Eleventh and Eighteenth streets. Market Bridge appears as a local designation. The names in print are as follows : James Baker, Hilary Baker(l), Joseph Bigelow, Philip Budlong(2), Robert Budlong (erased), Charles Bennett, Nathaniel Charter(3), William Crane(4) (erased), Joshua Crump, John H. Cosby, Josephus Colton, 1 The brothers James and Hilary Baker removed to this city from Philadelphia, of which city the latter had been Mayor. Miss E. L. Van Lew, Postmaster of Richmond under Grant, is a descendant of Hilary Baker. 2 Philip Budlong was for several years a member of the vestry of Old St. John’s church. 3 Nathaniel Charter was for a number of years one of the aldermen of the city. 4 Of the firm of William and James C. Crane, curriers and dealers in leather. They were deeply pious, useful, and philanthropic citizens. 14 Ezekiel Daws(5), Isaac Davenport(G), Charles C. Gay, Silas Hayes, William H. Hubbard(7'), Samuel Hawkins, Jacob Harrison (erased), Thomas Hickson, James Hooper, Henry H. King, Lewis Ludlam(8), John 0. Lay(9), Asa Otis(lO), Jabez Parker(ll), John Patten (erased), Elias Reed, Elnathan Raymond (erased), John W. Smith, Edward Staples, Larkin Taylor (erased), 5 Ezekiel Daws, long a favorite apothecary. 6 Isaac Davenport, a native of Hartford, Conn., a member of the firm of Dav- enport, Allen & Co., importers and wholesale merchants. Mr. Davenport was one of that numerous class of accomplished merchants whose pure lives, sys- tematic rules, and stainless rectitude, so long reflected honor on Richmond. He was the father of the late highly-esteemed Griffin B. Davenport, and the uncle of the no less respected and public-spirited Isaac Davenport, Jr., late president of the First National Bank. He was the first president of the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company. He met his death, at the age of seventy-four, in 1865, while superintending the rebuilding of one of his warehouses, by the fall- ing of a brick from one of the tottering walls upon his head, 7 William H. Hubbard, the late so highly-esteemed member of the house of Hubbard, Gardner & Carlton. 8 Lewis Ludlam, of the firm of Ludlam & Watson, the junior member of which, Garret F. Watson, still survives among us. 9 John O. Lay, the father of Judge John F. Lay, and the first secretary of the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, whose place of business was on the ground floor of the old Eagle Tavern. 10 Asa Otis, a member of the firm of Davenport, Allen & Co. He was alive in 1878, a nonogenarian, at New London, Conn. 11 Jabez Parker, machinist and agricultural implement maker. He was the uncle of Hiram M. Smith, who succeeded him in business. 15 Anger Wildman (erased), James Whitlock, Amnii Williams (erased), Orren Williams (erased), Francis Wood (erased), And the following names in manuscript : Peter Cottom(12), Edward Williams, Elisha Taft, John Eaton, Robert Derby, Asa Raymond, Eb’n Jones. The next protective organization of which we have record was the “ Shockoe Fire Company,” which was first instituted some time prior to April 5, 1819, when we cannot definitely ascertain, but on that date, as we learn from a little pamphlet of twelve pages, entitled ‘‘Constitution of the Shockoe Fire Company. Richmond. From the Franklin Press : W. W. Gray, Printer, 1819.” Two-thirds of the members of the said com- pany declared its existing constitution to be incorrect and deficient, and therefore null and void, and established a new and amended one, with the following company organization for a term of twelve months — viz. : Curtis Carter(l), captain ; Charles H. Hyde, lieutenant ; John Crutch- field, secretary ; George R. Myers, treasurer. Engineers — Herrymen White, first; George Stewart, second; Jesse Williams(2), third ; John Bootwright(3), fourth ; John Crutchfield, fifth ; Garland Hanes(4), sixth. 12 Peter Cottom removed to Richmond from Alexandria, Ya. In person he was six feet two inches tall. He was a bookseller and the publisher of Cottom's Al- manac. A later abode of his was the handsomely modernized residence in the west end of the city at present owned and occupied by John C. Shafer. Mr. Cottom’s name is among the list of honorary members of the Richmond Light Infantry Blues. He was also a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity. 1 Curtis Carter was a highly respected and most successful brick manufacturer and builder, and a majority of such structures erected in Richmond during the first three decades of the present century were executed by him. The late hon- ored William C. Allen was an apprentice of his. 2 Jesse Williams was another example of the skilled training of Mr. Carter. He closed his useful life November 21, 1874, in his seventy-ninth year. He was the father of Elisha, A. D., Rev. William H., and of Thomas C. Williams, all deceased, and grandfather of Thomas C. Williams, Jr. 16 QUARTERS BROAD, NEAR NINTH STREET. Members — Henry Turpin, William McCalla, R. M. Bransford, William Saunders, Thomas Taylor(5), George W. Spooner, W. H. Tarpley, Wil- liam Norris, David Royster, D. G. Pleasants, Samuel Dunn(6), Alexan- der Saunders, Penuel Pond, Mai. Crawford, John Hipkins, Dominick Clark, Thomas Mifflin Ladd(7). In addition to the officers enumerated, a collector and four representa- tives annually to the “ Fire Department” were provided for. The com- pany was equipped with a hand-engine, reel, and hose, and “washings” were fixed for the months of April, June, August, and October. Each member was required to “provide himself with a hat painted blue, with the device of the company thereon, to wit : In a circular form, on the upper part of the front, shall be painted ‘ Shockoe Fire Company.’ In a half circle, immediately under the first, ‘ United we stand.’ In the open- ing below, two arms, the hands whereof shall be joined, and in a half circle reversed, immediately under the first, ‘ Divided we fall.’ On the back part of the hat the initials of the member’s name and number of the engine.” The fines imposed for delinquencies in duty were in ratio to the dig- nity of position of the individual. The captain being subject to penalties of from $1 to $10 ; the lieutenant from 50 cents to $5 ; the secretary from $2 to $6 ; the treasurer from SI to S3 ; the engineers from SI to $6 ; and the members from 25 cents to $3. Shockoe Hill was evidently at this period advancing in competitive strides towards a rivalry in prosperity and business importance with the earlier settled commercial section in the lower portion of the city. This was anterior by a number of years to the advent ol railroads, with their ruthless revolutions and stemless monopolies, and produce transportation was all effected by wagons, long trains of which would almost daily enter Broad street(8) by the two roads — the Brook and Deep Run — leading 3 John Bootwriglit was one of three brothers — John, James, and William Boot- wright — who dealt in dry goods in the two houses still standing on the southeast corner of Broad and First streets. 4 Garland Hanes was first a blacksmith, and afterwards, for a number of years, the Superintendent of the City Water Works. 5 Thomas Taylor was a successful grocer and commission merchant. “Samuel Dunn was engaged also as a grocer and commission merchant. 7 Thomas Mifflin Ladd was the brother of the late highly respected Benjamin F. Ladd, of Purcell, Ladd & Co., and was for a number of years Surveyor of the city of Richmond, as that office was formerly termed. 8 Broad street was paved with cobble-stones in 1837, under contract by the late Benjamin W. Green, of somewhat noted financial reputation. 17 into it. The owners of the commodities came with them and usually in- vested largely of the proceeds of their sales in articles necessary to their comfort and subsistence. As our Broad-street merchants were both buyers^ and venders, the trade was necessarily large and highly profitable. With the building of the old Central and the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroads, 1834- 7, this traffic soon dwindled to comparative in- significance ; but we have pleasing reminiscences from the period of our somewhat later boyhood of the wagons with covered bodies, curved and bonnet-shaped (fast being displaced by the Yankee “ Studenbarker ”), the jingling bells, which merrily kept cadence with the progress of teams (com- monly of six horses) hailing even from the mountain districts, and tooth- some experience of the favorite chestnuts and delightful maple-sugar which formed a part of the stores brought. Goddin’s Tavern, located on Brook avenue, near the historic little stream Bacon’s Quarter Branch (which owes its name to its traditional occupancy as a camp in 1676 by the “ Rebel” Nathaniel Bacon), and in the line of wagon approach to Rich- mond, continued long a favored hostelry. Its proprietor was Captain John Goddin, for many years a magistrate of the city, and the father of Wellington Goddin and the grandfather of the popular clerk of the Chan- cery Court of Richmond, Charles W. Goddin. Goddin’s Tavern was even to the beginning of our late war quite popular as a place for the holding of political meetings, barbecues, and annual military reunions, its well-shaded premises and spring of pure cold water being attractive in- vitations for such gatherings. Here, to our boyhood’s awe and wonder- ment, we saw, about 1849, the famous Blondin successfully perform the feat of walking a tight-rope stretched from hill to hill on either side of the branch, a distance of nearly two hundred yards, at a height at its greatest elevation of some forty or fifty feet. Goddin’s Tavern was usefully occupied during our late war as a Con- federate hospital, and for some years thereafter for a like purpose under the auspices of the Catholic Church, when it was known as St. Frances de Sales Hospital. Another quite noted house of entertainment on Shockoe Hill was Brack- ett’s Tavern, on the south side of Broad near the corner of Second street, the site of which is now occupied by a block of business buildings, owned by Charles E. Whitlock, Esq. The old Swan Tavern, a long, low building of wood, still standing on 18 the north side of Broad street between Eighth and Ninth, was another public house on Shockoe Hill. Its sign, upon which was depicted a large yellow swan and the designation “ Swan Tavern,” remained in front of the door until the commencement of the late war. The Swan was quite famous for its excellent fare, and was largely patronized by the members of the General Assembly and by travelling barristers. A reference to the file of the Richmond Enquirer for 1812 gives us the fact that there existed in Richmond a fire company several years antece- dent in date to those already noted by us, and, somewhat singularly, that it was equipped with what would appear as better appliances than the amusingly primitive agents in use by the “ society ” of 1816 ; for in April, 1812, the ‘‘engine and property of the Shockoe Fire Company dis- solved ” — were sold at auction. It may have been that the engine was of so clumsy a construction, and so ill-adapted to the desired purposes, as to cause its abandonment and the after-adoption of simpler equip- ments. The ‘‘fire department” mentioned in the “constitution” of the “Shockoe Fire Company” of April, 1819, must have originated but a short time previous to that date, most likely in 1818. The water for the extinguishment of fires, until the year 1834 (the date of the institution of the city water works), was obtained from wells, the James River canal, and the natural water-courses permeating the city or in its vicinity.* The Richmond Fire Department soon consisted of three companies, furnished with side-brake engines, reels, hose, &c. , severally located at Rocketts, near the Capitol Square, and on Shockoe Hill. It appears to have continued without augmentation until about the year 1834, when a large hand-engine, manufactured in Philadelphia, was introduced. This was known in our firemen’s traditions as the Ilydraulian, and was under the control of the late James Bosher, who may have held, also, the re- * Until the year 1818 Shockoe creek wended its way across Main street uncov- ered. Foot passengers crossed by a narrow bridge and wagons and vehicles were driven through the water. Books for a subscription for the “ Improvement of the navigation of James River from Rocketts to Mayo’s bridge ” were opened at the “Merchants’ Coffee-House” the first Monday in May, 1816, John Adams, M. D., chairman, and Orris Paine, secretary, of the meeting held for the purpose. The construction of the Richmond dock was commenced in 1818, about which time the stone arch was thrown over Shockoe creek. The ship-locks were com- menced and completed within the years 1852-’-!. 19 sponsible position of Chief Engineer of the Fire Department. The Hy- draulian was of such proportions and of such massive construction that hand-power was found to be inadequate to the drawing of it to points de- sired in accidental emergencies. It was consequently stationed in a small building located on the east corner of Tenth street and the basin, from which water was pumped and forced through hose to the desired points. Such was the power of the Hydraulian that it is said to have forced a stream of water completely and clearly over the State Capitol from hose extended to that point — a feat which has not since been rivalled, even with the greatly improved steam fire-engine. The so favorably recollected Richmond Fire Association, which com- bined the functions of fire, marine, and life insurance, and of a fire depart- ment proper, was chartered in January, 1837, with provisionary control of the Richmond Fire Department. The Chief Engineers under it were, successively, James Bosher, Thomas A. Rust, William C. Tompkins, James C. Crane, Robert M. Burton, and John H. Claiborne, and the working body was composed of members of the Association, each of whom was required to own one or more shares of the stock of the same. The membership was composed of our most respectable citizens, includ- ing many of the most staid habits and dignified demeanor. Semi-annual “washings,” as they were termed, were regularly held, at which there were competitive trials of the capacities of the several engines of the de- partment. The day was always closed with some business-like report for the six months working preceding, made at the City Hall, and with a bountiful repast given at one of our hotels. These periods were conse- quently marked ones, looked forward to with delightful anticipations or reverted to with glowing sensations. The Richmond Fire Department was constituted as follows in 1847 : Company No. 1, Titus C. Rice, f commander ; Company No. 2, An- thony A. Krischman, J commander ; Company No. 3, George H. Tomp- f Titus C. Rice was long a prosperous and prominent citizen. He conducted an extensive tinning and plumbing establishment, a grist-mill, and a farm near the city : from which last he furnished large contracts of wood to the Richmond and Petersburg railroad, one of the stations of which was named for him. Mr. Rice also held the commission of colonel in the State militia. Later in life ad- versity overtook him, and he closed his days in great poverty in 1871 as a pilot plying his vocation on James river. JA. A. Iirischman, the well-remembered confectioner. 20 kins, § commander ; Company No. 4, Allen M. Lyon,|| commander ; Com- pany No. 5, Joseph Robinson, commander ; Company No. 6, Hugh A. Watt,* * commander. In 1850 the following companies were added : No. 7, Capt. W. C. Walthall ; No. 8, Capt. Ellett. Each of these com- panies was equipped with side-brake engines, hose, reel, &c. The department continued under control of the Richmond Fire Asso- ciation until the year 1855, when it was made an independent volunteer department, organized as follows : Chief Engineer, John J. Fry ; First Assistant, Augustus Arsell, Sr. ; Second Assistant, Lewis L. Barnes ; Third Assistant, Dr. Patrick Wilkie Brown. Liberty, No. 1, John H. Shook, foreman ; Protection, No. 2, Virginius Bossieux, foreman ; Phoenix, No. 3, Hugh W. Fry, foreman ; Aid, No. 4, J. Oscar Goode, foreman ; Niagara, No. 5, Peyton Walden, foreman ; Citizen, No. 6, John T. Rogers, foreman ; Vigilant, No. 7, Wil- liam A. Charters, foreman ; Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1, Daniel Haggerty, foreman. Under this regime the companies were largely composed of young men between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one years, and chiefly from our most respectable families. They were highly emulous of success in their chosen functions, and were animated bv an esprit de corps rivalling that of the Imperial Guard of the first Napoleon, and an elan approaching that of the famed heroes of Balaklava. Rivalry was so intense as sometimes to impede the effective usefulness of the department. To exhibit the interest involved, Citizen Company, No. 6, owned its entire equipment and had besides a treasury amounting to $5,000. Many of our now staid and plodding citizens will recall their youthful enrolment among the “ Tigers,” ‘ ‘ Rough-and-Readys,” “ Y’ow-yows,” “Yellow- Jackets,” and other cherished designations in which they delighted. It was found expedient in 1859 to abolish the volunteer organizations and to create a paid department, known as the Fire Brigade, constituted as follows : Chief Engineer, Lewis L. Barnes. First Company, A, John T. Rogers, commander ; Second Company, B, Vincent Bargamin, commander ; Third Company, C, Thomas Clemmitt, commander ; Fourth Company, D, Wil- §Capt. George H. Tompkins, of the Richmond Light Infantry Blues. fl Allen M. Lyon, a successful marbleworker, father of Thomas (deceased) and of Daniel and Capt. Allen M. Lyon, Jr., well-known tobacconists, *ij Hugh A. Watt, long a successful china merchant, 21 liam A. Charters, commander ; Fifth Company, E, William A. Weed, commander ; Sixth Company, F, C. A. Brockmeyer, commander. Cor- responding severally to companies Nos. 6, 4, 1, 7, and Hose Company No. 5, which was continued until the close of the late war, during which the Brigade acted as a provost guard for Richmond. In 1849 the engines in use by the department were displaced by others which were purchased second-handed from the city of New York. The first steam-engine used by the department was introduced in 1860, and was built by Ettinger & Edmond, of this city. The following regulations in sounding an alarm of fire, were published in 1846 : “ [No. 1, or Jefferson Ward, includes all that portion of the City East of 15th street. No. 2, or Madison Ward, includes all that portion of the City West of 15th and East of 7th streets. No. 3, or Monroe Ward, in- cludes the whole of the city west of 7th street.] If the fire is in the 1st Ward, the Bell at the Old Market House, in giving the alarm, first strikes One, and is then rung very quickly until the Bells in Wards 2 and 3, have commenced and continued ringing for the space of 2 minutes : — and after it is noticed by the Bells in the other Wards, it then tolls until the fire has ceased. The same rules are ob- served by the Bell at the Bell House, except, that it strikes Two when the fire is in Ward No. 2 : — and the Bell at Engine House No. 4 strikes Three when the fire is in Ward No. 3. All the Bells continue ringing and striking at intervals the Ward in which the fire is (except the Bell located in that Ward) until the fire has ceased.” The ringing of the bell in our familiar landmark, the old Bell-House, in our Capitol Square, was “ dispensed with ” by resolution of the City Council January 10, 1870. For a time, under the military official of Reconstruction days, Capt. Frank M. Mullen acted as Chief Engineer. He died June 22, 1871, in his fortieth year, and his loss is “ mourned” by Chief George A. Ainslie in his report for January, 1872, in terms of warm commendation. He was of “ kind disposition and respected by all with whom he was associated.” The first Chief Engineer after the war was the lamented William A. Charters, so much beloved by his comrades of the department, and who lost his life in the disaster at the State Capitol, April 27, 1870. He was succeeded bv the late George A. Ainslie. Captain Ainslie, resigning, was succeeded in 18S0 by G. Watt Taylor, the latter by Arthur L. Fuqua in 1886. The present incumbent, the popular and efficient Chief W. G. Puller, was elected in 1888. Prominent among the firemen of the past other than those enumerated may be mentioned A. Bargamin, Sr., Capt. Samuel Freeman, James Allen, William Booth, Robert E. Blankenship, Robert Heath, Joseph S. Michard, all now deceased, and James Jeffreys, Horace P. Edmond, and John J. King, now useful citizens amongst us. It is farthest from our wish to be invidious, but as we are innocent of any recognized glowing service among those whose chief pride it was “to run with the machine,’’ we may be pardoned for the want of a more extended knowledge of those who dis- tinguished themselves in such service. We acknowledge, however, t© have been impressed with the inspira- tion of the same when as oft in our boyhood’s days we have seen the volun- teer organizations in rival racing to the scene of the disaster, their way illuminated with the glaring flambeau, which was always carried prior to the introduction of gas, which was on the 2'2d of February, 1850 ; yells and songs lending enthusiasm to their tensely-strained exertions. Those providential institutions — insurance companies — were blessings unknown to our progenitors of the last century, save at its very close. The pioneer company in Virginia was authorized by an act of the Gen- eral Assembly passed December 22, 1794, in which it is recited that, “Whereas, from the great and frequent losses sustained by the ravages of fire, it is advised expedient to adopt some mode to alleviate the cal- amities of the unfortunate, who may suffer by that destructive element ; and William F. Ast, of the city of Richmond, having suggested and sub- mitted to the consideration of the General Assembly a plan of mutual assurance, the title whereof is, ‘ The Mutual Assurance Society on Build- ings against Fire of the State of Virginia,’ which, it is conceived, will fully answer the above purposes : “ Be it therefore enacted, That an assurance be established,” as above, “the principles whereof shall be ‘that the citizens of this State may insure their buildings against the losses and damages occasioned accident- ally by fire, and that the insured pay the losses and expenses, each his share according to the sum invested,’ and that subscriptions be opened in the different parts of this State where it may be thought necessary, under the direction of Thomas Newton, Jr., and James Morris, at Norfolk ; Archibald Richardson and John Driver, at Suffolk ; Robert Andrews and Robert Greenhow, at Williamsburg; John Jeffers, Alexander McRae, 23 and John Osborne, at Petersburg ; Worlick Westwood and George Hope, » at Hampton; John Harvie, Robert Mitchell, Andrew Dunscomb, and William F. Ast, at Richmond; Fontaine Maury and .Robert Patton, at Fredericksburg; William Hartshorne and Robert T. Hooe, at Alexandria; Archibald McGill and Abraham Neale, at Winchester ; Alexander St. Clair and Robert Grattan, at Staunton; Henry Bowyer, Thomas Madison, and John Miller, at Fincastle ; William Norvill and Sackville King, at Lynchburg ; John Caruthers and William Lyle, at Lexington, William Reynolds, William Cary, and Abraham Auber, at York ; James Penn and Thomas Read, at New London ; James Muschitt and Alexander Hen- derson, at Dumfries; Alexander Smyth and John Montgomery, at Wythe; James Miller and John Hopkins, at Port* Royal ; John Quinn and John Otee, of Liberty ; Robert Dunbar and Daniel Triplett, Falmouth ; Wil- liam White and Caleb Boush, Kempsville ; Thomas Bell and Robert Jouitt, at Charlottesville ; and David Hunter and Mosse Hunter, at Mar- tinsburg, in the county of Berkeley.” How very familiar are these names to us, in lengthened annals of useful citizenship, and in charming traditions of social virtues. How redolent, too, of the stirring days ot ’76 ! It is further provided that ‘‘As soon as the sum subscribed for shall amount to three millions of dollars or upwards, notice shall be given in the Virginia Gazette ,” and a meeting shall be held for the adoption of necessary “ rules and regulations.” Premiums to be paid by the insured which were to be “ kept as a fund for the purpose of making immediate reparation” for losses. Should the fund at any time prove insufficient for such purpose, “ a repartition among the whole of the persons insured shall be made” in proportion to the sum insured, and the rate of the hazard. These assessments were denominated ‘‘quotas,” and the pro- perty insured, by mutual agreement, was bound as security lor the pay- ment of the same. The yearly compensation of Ast, the principal agent of the society, as he was denominated, was an emolument of one per cent, on every hun- dred dollars insured. By act of Assembly passed January 29, 1805, a separation of the risks in country and town was authorized, and a directory of three was pro- vided, “ out of whom a president was chosen” ; also a principal agent. The salary of the president was fixed at 8500 ; of the directors at S350, and of the principal agent, $1,000. In 1822 the “ country branch ” of the society was abolished. 24 HOOK AND LADDER TRUCK COMPANY, No. 2, R. F. D. i •> ! i f- : ^ i - . 4- . • - Ast, who originated this scheme of insurance, was a Prussian, and is said to have based his plan upon a similar one devised by Frederick the Great. The officers of the Mutual Assurance Society, since its institution, have been as follows : Principal agents : William Frederick Ast, 1795-1807 ; Samuel Green- how, 1808-1815 ; James Rawling, 1815-1837 ; John Rutherford, 1837— 1866 ; Herbert A. Claiborne, 1866. Secretaries : Louis M. Rivalain,* 1795-1825 ; William H. Allen, 1825-1835; Thomas R. Blair, 1835-1846; John B. Danforlh, 1846-1875 ; Henry D. Danforth, 1875-1878 ; Frank D. Steger, 1878. The collectors have been : Thomas H. Drew, Samuel T. Pulliam, Samuel H. Pulliam, John Blair, and other incumbents be- tween Messrs. Drew and Samuel T. Pulliam not known to us. Prior to the year 1806, the society had also the office of treasurer or cashier-general, as it was termed. The successive incumbents were : Jacquiline Ambler, December 26, 1795 ; Andrew Dunscombe, January, 1798; William West, April 28, 1802; William Price, January 28, 1806. Upon the abolition of the office its duties were merged into those of the secretary. The directory of the Mutual Assurance Society has ever been com- posed of gentlemen of sterling worth, and has included many names of State and national reputation. The institution has always been a highly popular one, and its peculiar merit is attested by its continual prosperity and success. Its regulations have, of course, been modified to meet the advancing knowledge and needs of insurance, and its officers now receive salaries more adequate to the increased responsibilities and labor involved. A “ Mutual Insurance Company against fire on goods and furniture in the State of Virginia” was established by William F. Ast, in connection with the Mutual Assurance Society, on the 26th day of January, 1798, in accordance with an act of the General Assembly passed 8th December, 1795. We have inspected its first book of policies issued. No. 1 bears date March 13, 1798, and No. 141, May 7, 1803 ; from which an inference may be made as to the popularity of the insurance of personal effects at the period stated. When the existence of the company ceased, we are not advised, but it must have been sometime after October 1, 1805, since we have the printed forms for the receipt of ‘‘quotas and the interest ^According to our local annalist Mordecai, Rivalain was a native of Turkey. — Richmond in By-gone days. 25 thereon, which were due October 1, 1804, and October 1, 1805.” Ast first occupied as an office a small wooden building immediately opposite to the site of the present W hig office on Governor street. The office of the society for forty years or more prior to the late war was located on the east side of Ninth street, and was the second house from the corner of Marshall street. The office was removed to the corner of Tenth and Bank streets, and a little later to its present location in 1868. The next corporation in point of date of our more important companies which survived the vicissitudes of our late war, is the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, which was originally chartered by the Gen- eral Assembly March 14, 1832, with a capital of $60,000, and authority to increase, the same to $500,000 in shares of the value of $25 each. The success of this company presented a steadily growing increase to the period of our late war, and notwithstanding that a large amount of its assets were lost by the failure of the Southern Confederacy, it was yet enabled, through the careful management and good judgment of its faithful and untiring president and experienced directory, to present to its stockholders in 1866 a list of assets amounting to $178,000. The continued care and prudence of its conduction is convincingly attested by the wonderfully increased amount of its assets which, at its last statement, was $600,000, and by the semi-annual dividends declared its stockholders, which have been for some years, about eight per cent. The marketable value of the stock is now $37.50 per share. The office of the company for a long time was kept at the store of its first secretary, which was under the old Eagle Tavern, on Main street. The first president of the Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company was Isaac Davenport, Sr. , whom we have already mentioned in these papers. Mr. Davenport resigning in 1833, in consequence of the large demands upon his time made by the magnitude and extent of his com- mercial enterprises, was succeeded by Archibald Pleasants, Jr. The suc- cession has since been : Thomas M. Alfriend, May, 1856 ; W. L. Cowar- din, March, 1858, and Col. William H. Palmer in February, 1889, who is the present incumbent. The secretaries have been as follows : John Ormstead Lay, 1832 ; Thomas M. Alfriend, May, 1838 ; W. L. Cowar- din, May, 1856 ; William Willis, Jr., March, 1853 ; Samuel P. Willis, 1876 ; who was succeeded by the following gentlemen in 1878 : William H. McCarthy, secretary; William Broaddus Robins, assistant secretary. The last was succeeded by S. McG. Fisher. 26 We next note the old “ Richmond Fire Association,” of the connection of which, with the Richmond Fire Department, we have already given some account. This was chartered by act of the General Assembly in January, 1837, and was instituted by citizens who had been previously connected with the Fire Department of Richmond. Its successive officers were as follows : Presidents — James Bosher, James C. Crane, David Currie. Secretaries — Hamilton Crenshaw, John Henry Bosher, Robert A. Tompkins, Robert T. Brooke. Treasurers — Thomas A. Rust, William C. Tompkins. The association had an humble beginning, though composed of our most prominent citizens. The directory met for a considerable period at the hardware store of our now venerable but still active and most sprightly citizen, Thomas A. Rust. Its next office was at the carriage manufactory of its president, Mr. Bosher, at the southwest corner of Ninth and Main streets, where it was held until the purchase of its so familiar and last- occupied site on the northeast corner of Main and Eleventh streets. The par value of the shares of the Fire Association stock was $20, but such was the popularity and success of the institution that it commanded on the market, just previous to our late war, $40 per share. Owing to unfortunate investments during the war, the finances of the Fire Association were so much affected that it was not deemed expedient upon the restoration of peace to resume operations. Dividends amounting to about $2 per share, have since been paid upon its stock. Another favored insurance company, with our citizens for a period long prior to our late war, was the long-established Hitna of Hartford, Conn. The large number of buildings insured in which was exhibited by circular tins above the doors bearing the inscription, 11 Insured in the /Etna Insur- ance Company.” The insurance with this company was interrupted and made void by the circumstances of the war, but soon after, it re-established an agency in this city, with Mr. Thomas L. Alfriend, a worthy son of a highly regarded sire, Thomas M. Alfriend, deceased, so long identified with the insurance interests of Virginia. The primitive system of “ fire alarm,” so long in use, has been noted. The present electric system was first introduced to this city by Messrs. Gamewell & Co., of New York. At the same time two miles of police wire were put up, connecting with an instrument in each of the three police stations, one in the office of the Chief of Police, and another, or fifth instrument, in the residence of the latter. 27 From January, 1870, until May following, the whole system, both Fire and Police, was in charge of Col. George T. Egbert, then Chief of Police, through whose instrumentality, chiefly, the city has been blessed with this essential agent. The Fire-Alarm Telegraph Department was separately organized May 1, 1871, with the skilled and capable electrician, the late J. R. Dowell, as Superintendent. Mr. Dowell, dying in 1876, was succeeded by the lamented R. M. J f Paynter, and the latter by the present accomplished and progressive Superintendent, W. H. Thompson. W. G. PULLER, CHIEF R. F. D. ■ 'V', V : ; W. H. THOMPSON, SUP'T FIRE-ALARM DEP'T. GEO. C. SHAW, FIRST ASS’T CHIEF R. F. D. t 1 \ E. T. SNEAD. SECOND ASS’T CHIEF K, F. D. G. E. PAYNTER, Ass’t Stjp’t and Sec'y Fike Dep't. ■ T \\q Persorqel ar^d Erq Vi i pnqer^t. Ricljnior\d Fire Departrrjerjt, 1594. T HE general management and supervision of the Department is in the hands of the Board of Fire Commissioners, which came into existence, by special act of the Legislature of Virginia, in 1888, superseding the old plan of committee from Council in vogue up to that date. To the painstaking efforts of Mr. E. H. Fisher, deceased, former secretary of Fire Department, and Mr. Edward Cohn, of this city, must be attributed the successful passage of the bill that has accomplished so much towards elevating the Richmond Fire Department to metropoli- tan rank, both in discipline and in thoroughly effective work. The Board consists of six members, each individually elected by both branches of the City Council in Committee of the Whole — a sufficient guarantee as to the representative character of the gentlemen selected. John H. Frischkorn, President of the Board, was elected to that position by his fellow-commissioners on its first organization, in 1888, and has been continuously re-elected since. Mr. Frischkorn is a native of Richmond. Born in 1848 and educated in the city schools, his whole business-life has been spent here. He has served two terms in the City Council, and is a thorough enthusiast in all matters pertaining to the Department. Seldom does a fire occur- — no matter how bad the weather or how dark the night — that the President of the Board is not found among the first on the ground. George Watt Taylor, Vice-President of the Board, was elected to membership in 1891, and brought to its deliberations the ripe experience of many years’ practical connection with the Department. Back in 1866 Mr. Taylor first joined the Department, and was elected foreman of his company, Assistant Chief and Chief of Department successively ; held the position of Chief for three terms, and was finally forced to decline re-elec- tion on account of increased demands upon his time by enlarged private interests. 29 Joseph L. Levy is an original member of the Board, having been elected by the Board of Public Interest at its organization under act of Legislature in 1888, and re-elected by City Council in 1892 for a term of six years. Mr. Levy was born at Amelia Courthouse, Va. , in 1858, and removed to Richmond with parents in 1865 ; has since been a resident here. He is engaged in merchandizing, and believes enthusiastically in Democratic principles, as evidenced by his membership of City Demo- cratic Committee in 1 887-’ 88. Charles F. Taylor was elected to membership of the Board in 1889, being the first member elected on new board by the City Council for full term of six years. Mr. Taylor was born in Richmond in 1847 ; was educated at Virginia Military Institute and Roanoke College ; entered the Confederate army in 1864, and served till the end of the war with Com- pany G, Third Virginia Regiment. Mr. Taylor was captain of Lee Guard, First Virginia Regiment, from organization after the war, for five years, and afterwards captain of Richmond City Guards, which he organized. In politics Captain Taylor has always been a prominent Demo- crat, serving for some time as chairman of the City Central Committee, and has been honored by his party with eight years in City Council and two in the State Legislature. James R. Sheppard was elected to the Board in 1892, and has been long a valued member and friend of the Department. Mr. Sheppard was born in Henrico county, Va., in 1851, and is engaged in the clothing business in this city. He first joined No. 3 Company in 18/ 9 ; was elected captain of the company in 1882—’ 88, and was made First Assistant Engi- neer of the Department in 1888-’92. L. C. Jenkins, the newly-elected member of the Board ( June 1, 1894), is still another illustration of the fact that the citizens of Richmond believe in keeping the interests of the Department in the hands of experienced men. Captain Jenkins has been for years identified with the interests of the force. He first joined in 1874, and was elected a captain in 1883 until 1892. He was born in 1846, at Henrico, Va., and is engaged in building and contracting in this city. This brief outline of the personality of the Board of Commissioners does but scant justice to their efficiency. To their intelligent and con- certed action is largely due the fact that Richmond can boast of having the best equipped fire force, maintained at less cost, and showing the smallest percentage of loss by fire, of any city equal in size in the United States. 30 CHIEF W. G. PULLER. One of the first acts of the newly-constituted Board of Fire Commis- sioners, after organization in 1888, was the unanimous election of Chief Puller to head the executive force of Richmond’s fire-fighters: the selection has been as unanimously endorsed by the citizens and business interests. William G. Puller was born in 1844 at Cumberland, New Kent county, Virginia, and signaled the dawn of his manhood, and the material of which it is composed, by entering the Army of Northern Virginia at the very beginning of the struggle in 1861 — when but seventeen years of age. At the battle of Mechanicsville, on the 26th of June, 1862, while fighting under the very shadow of his father’s house, young Puller was severely wounded; a short interval of convalescence and he was again with his command. He was taken prisoner in the Gettysburg campaign, and spent nineteen months in prison; exchanged, he once again resumed his com- mand and fought on until the tragedy of Appomattox forced him — empty- handed — to begin life over again. Captain Puller came to Richmond shortly after the close of the war and took up the occupation of a builder. In 187-5 he first joined the Rich- mond Fire Department, and served seven years with Steamer No. 5, and afterwards as foreman of that Company. In 1883 he was elected Third Assistant Chief — which position he held until his election to Chief of De- partment in 1888. Personally, Chief Puller is quiet, unassuming, conservative; deservedly popular with his men, and noted for impartial, courteous administration in every-day routine. On the battle-ground, when the fire fiend is to be conquered, he is above all a general — careful, cool-headed — a master. Under the administration of such a man, it can be readily understood why the Richmond Department is noted for its high standard of morals and discipline. Dissipation among members of the force, and even the vulgar fault of profanity, is practically unknown. What greater compliment could be paid to the administration of a kindly, Christian gentleman ? W. H. THOMPSON, Superintendent Fire-Alarm System. In the person of Mr. Thompson, the Richmond Fire Department pos- sesses a mechanical genius. Born in Lynchburg, Va. , in 1858 ; educated in Baltimore, Md. Afterwards, taking a course in architecture in this 31 CENTRAL FIRE-ALARM OFFICE, CITY HALL. city, he entered the carpentry business and was appointed foreman of shops at City Almshouse in 1879. In 1880 he was made resident engi- neer of the same institution, and held that position until elected Superin- tendent of Fire Alarm by the City Council in 1884. Mr. Thompson has seen this department of the service grow from a village system, consisting of but one direct wire when he took charge, to a fully-equipped metropolitan department, with connections through a central office, the equipment of which compares favorably with any in the country. A professional electrician and a thorough mechanic, many of the unique and serviceable appliances in the Department are wholly attributable to his genius. The central office in the City Hall, with its numberless puzzling instruments and wonderful arrangement of electrical devices, is the Mecca to which all visitors turn and pay the tribute of admiring curiosity. Personally, Mr. Thompson is a great favorite with both officers and men. After fifteen years in the service of the city, he is the proud possessor of hosts of friends, who firmly maintain that the Superintendent is fully up to date. GEORGE C. SHAW, First Assistant Chief. George C. Shaw was born in Richmond, February 22, 1858; was edu- cated in the High Schools of this city, and learned his trade of cigar- making here — in fact, he is an all-round Richmond boy. He first joined the Department as ladderman, No. 2 Truck, in 1883; was made tillerman of his truck the same year, and served in that capacity until elected First Assistant Chief in 1892. Previous to this date, the Assistant Chief’s position had been in connection with the call force. Assistant-Chief Shaw is, therefore, the first assistant chief assigned to permanent force. When the usually slow process of promotion in a de- partment of this size is considered, no better statement of the estimation in which Mr. Shaw is held by the Department can be adduced than the simple story told by these recorded dates. His service has been valuable to and appreciated by the Department. Nothing suits Assistant-Chief Shaw better than to “ get into the middle of it” when at a fire; and that he has succeeded in doing so the records of the Department fully evidence. As first lieutenant to an able Chief — a fire-fighter from the word “go” — the consensus of public opinion is that the right man is in the right place. Mr. Shaw’s headquarters are at No. 2 Truck- House on Grace street, and he has charge of the district east of Ninth street. 33 E. T. SNEAD, Second Assistant Chief. Born in Hanover county, Virginia, in 1833, Mr. Snead came to Rich- mond in his early manhood and has followed his occupation as builder since. He first joined the force in 1870; was elected Second Assistant Chief in 1880, and assigned in charge of First District, with headquarters at No. 1 Engine-House, Twenty-fifth and Broad streets. No man in the Department has the interest of the force more at heart, or takes a more honest pride in its efficiency. Chief Snead is rightly considered one of the most effective men that could be placed in his posi- tion — one who, with little to say, prefers acting to talking, and is always found where duty calls. GEORGE E. PAYNTER, Assistant Superintendent Fire Alarm and Secretary of Fire Department. Mr. Paynter might rightfully claim the title of “Son of the Depart- ment.” He was born in Richmond in 1863, was educated here, and studied his profession as an electrician under his father, R. M. J. Paynter, who was Superintendent of Fire Alarm from 1867 until his death in 1882. He was first connected with the service as assistant to his father in 1876, and succeeded to the duties of Secretary of Department upon the death of Mr. E. H. Fisher in 1893. Personally, Mr. Paynter is a most affable and pleasant gentleman. As the mouth-piece of the Department, he comes in direct contact with the public, and has many duties to perform that require tact and good judg- ment. The fact that he successfully fills the requirements of his position is evident to all men. 34 Perrriar^erit Force. 1 Chief. 1 Assistant Chief. 8 Engineers. 8 Helpers. 11 Hostlers. 3 Tillermen. 11 Extra Station-men. 6 Laddermen. 12 Hosemen. FIRE-ALARM DEPARTMENT. 1 Superintendent. 1 Assistant Superintendent. 1 Foreman of Construction. 2 Linemen. Total, 66. Call Force. 1 Assistant Chief. 8 Captains of Engine Companies. 8 Lieutenants of Engine Companies. 3 Captains of Truck Companies. 3 Lieutenants of Truck Companies. 31 Hosemen. 17 Laddermen. 22 Substitutes. Total, 93. Grand total, 159. Apparatus. 8 Engines in active service. 1 Engine in reserve. 1 Chemical engine. S Hose-wagons. 1 Four-wheel hose-reel in reserve. 3 Two-wheel reels in reserve. 3 Officers’ buggies. 3 Fuel-wagons. 40 Horses. 21,750 feet of cotton hose. 250 feet of rubber hose. 35 Pire-A!arrr\ Apparatus. The system comprises one hundred and forty-three stations, sixty-one of which are private ; twelve still-alarm boxes located in the several houses of the Department, over one hundred and sixty-five mile of aerial wire, twenty-five electro-mechanical gongs, one hundred and fifteen direct- acting tapper gongs, set of testing instruments, two six-circuit non-inter- fering repeaters, eight automatic trips for releasing horses, twelve large bells, weighing from eight hundred to thirteen hundred pounds, with five hundred and seventy-five cells gravity, and two hundred and fifty cells Samson battery for furnishing electro -motive force for the general working of the system. Location of Pire-Alarrr\ Boxes. 12 Main and Ash streets. 13 Twelfth and Main streets. 14 Tenth and Byrd streets. 15 First and Cary streets. 16 Pine and Main streets. 17 Twenty-eighth and Leigh streets. 18 Grace, near Eighteenth street. 19 First Police Station. 121 Penitentiary. (P) 123 Engine-House, Denny street. 124 Engine-House, Broad, near Ninth street. 125 Union Depot. (P) 126 Richmond Theatre. (P) 127 First and Broad streets. 128 Henry and Broad streets. 131 Fifteenth and Cary streets. 132 Little Sisters of the Poor. (P) 134 Mayo and Franklin streets. 135 Grove avenue and Beech street. 136 Adams and Franklin streets. 21 Twenty-fifth and Venable streets. 23 Seventeenth and Marshall streets. 24 Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Shops (P) 25 Seventh, near Canal. 26 Fifth and Main streets. 27 Seventh and Franklin streets. 28 Richmond Locomotive and Machine Works. 29 Main and Monroe streets. 213 Ninth and Main streets. 214 Rountree’s Trunk Factory. (P) (P) 215 216 217 218 219 3 31 32 34 35 36 37 38 39 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 4 41 42 43 45 46 47 48 49 5 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 59 61 62 63 64 65 67 Kinney Branch American Tobacco Company. (P) Fifth and Broad streets. Almshouse (Colored). (P) Second and Bates streets. Seventeenth and Dock streets. Second Police Station. Fourteenth and Main streets. Twenty-fifth and Main streets. Thirteenth and Cary streets. City Almshouse. (P) Seventh and Arch streets. Rowe and Church streets. Leigh and Judah streets. Governor and Franklin streets. Twenty-eighth and Dock streets. Beverly and Randolph streets. Fifteenth and Poplar streets. Washington and Cary streets. Twenty-second and Church-Hill avenue. Seventh and Broad streets. Canal and Jefferson streets. Third Police Station. Ninth and Leigh streets. Broad street and Jail alley. Spring and Pine streets. St. James and Duval streets. Engine-House, Twenty-fifth street. Richmond Cedar Works. (P) Twenty-ninth and Grace streets. Seventeenth and Washington streets. Engine-House, Third street. Engine-House, Cary, near Ninth street. Clay and Gilmer streets. Main and Nicholson streets. Main and Harvie streets. Reservoir and Chaffin streets. Harrison and Leigh streets. Twenty-ninth and O streets. St. John and Coutts streets. Twelfth street, between Canal and Byrd streets. Third and Byrd streets. Fifth and Duval streets. Second and Leigh streets. Broad and Hancock streets. Venable and Mosby streets. 37 68 69 7 71 72 73 74 75 76 78 79 712 713 714 715 8 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 89 812 813 814 815 816 817 821 823 824 825 826 827 831 832 834 835 836 837 841 842 843 Seventeenth and Lownes streets. Seventh and Preston streets. Engine-House, Main, near Twentieth. Twelfth street, near Clay. Nineteenth and Cary streets. Twentieth and Broad streets. Engine-House, Laurel street. Brook avenue and Calhoun street. Williamsburg avenue and Louisiana street. Thirty-first and Broad streets. Twenty-fourth and M streets. Wright’s Tobacco Factory. (P) C. & O. Elevator. (P) St. Luke’s Home. (P) Cullingworth’s Tobacco Factory. (P) Academy of Music. (P) Mayo’s Factory, Seventh street. (P) Allen & Ginter Branch American Tobacco Company. (P) Shops James River Division Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. (P) Tredegar Iron Works. (P) Albemarle Paper Company. (P) F. Sitterding. (P) Richmond Chemical Works. (P) Exposition Building. (P) Female Humane Association. (P) Friends’ Colored Orphan Asylum. (P) Protestant Episcopal Church Home. (P) Retreat for the Sick. (P) Spring-Street Home. (P) St. Joseph’s Orphan Asylum. (P) St. Paul’s Church Home. (P) St. Paul’s Church Home for Aged Women. (P) Baptist Home for Aged Women. (P) Sheltering Arms. (P) Richmond Home for Ladies. (P) Richmond High School. (P) Madison School. (P) West-End School. (P) Elba School. (P> Leigh School. (P ) Central School. (P) Marshall School. (P) Bellevue School. (P) Springfield School. (P) Nicholson School. (P) 38 845 Colored High and Normal School. (P) 846 Baker School. (P) 847 Navy Hill School. (P) 851 Valley School. (P) 852 East-End School. (P) 853 Moore School. (P) 854 Brook School. (P) 861 Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Shops. (P) 862 Butler & Bosher. (P) 863 Hasker & Marcuse Co. (P) 864 Kanawha Warehouse. (P) 865 Times Building. (P) 867 Cameron & Cameron. (P) 871 James N. Boyd. (Pj 872 Millhiser’s Bag Factory. (P) 873 J. B. Pace Tobacco Co. (P) 874 Pace Block, Eighth and Main streets. (P) Note. — (P) indicates that the boxes are private, and are only to be used in case of fire in building in which they are located. 39 QUARTERS TWENTY-FIFTH STREET NEAR BROAD STREET. Roster Rich\rr\oqd Fire Department, 1594. W. G. Puller, Chief. W. H. Thompson, Superintendent Fire Alarm. George C. Shaw, First Assistant Chief. E. T. Snead, Second Assistant Chief. George E. Paynter, Assistant Superintendent Fire Alarm, at,d Sec- retary of Department. FrRE Alarm Office Force. A. Stephan, Foreman of Construction. T. W. Bowry, Lineman. P. G. Minor, Lineman. 41 STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 1. Members. Position. J. H. Redwood . . . . Captain at call. John Mackie . . . . . Engineer — permanent. Charles 0. Goode . . . Helper “ E. M. Ball . . Hostler “ W. B. Smith . . . . . Extra station man — permanent Adam Schmidt . . . . Hoseman at call. R. A. Woodward . J. W. Woodward . Oscar Epps .... E. L. Powell . . Henry Schmidt . . J. S. Gary G. B. Jones ... L. H. Hazelwood . . Su'o-hoseman at call. STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 2. Members. Position. R. H. Figg . . S. Bailey . . . . Engineer — permanent. A. C. Ellington . . . . Helper “ G. W. Wade . . . . Hostler *• J. F. Ratio . . . . . Extra station man — permanent S. M. Chaisa . . . . Hoseman at call. W. A. Dawson . . . . . F. P. Fletcher . . . . . H. W. Carter . H. C. Hall . . . . . . Joseph Gill . . “ “ E. C. Haalce . . A. S. Duke . . . . . . Sub-hoseman at call. 42 STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 3. Members. Position. William Kanary . D. M. O'Brien . . . C. A. Burbank . . P. H. Kesler .... W. M. Hays .... G. W. Lee E. H. Harris . . A. S. Dunkley . . . G. W. Selph . . Joseph Heftley . . .. John S. Smith . . . J. C. Carter .... . Captain at call. . Engineer — permanent. . Helper “ . Hostler “ . Extra station man — permanent . Hoseman at call. R. L. Cardwell . . . R. C. Timberlake . . . Sub-hoseman at call. STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 4. Members. Position. O. F. Wise .... John Miller .... W. H. Garthright . H. C. Rhodes . . . . Captain at call. . Engineer — permanent. . Helper “ . Hostler “ J. J Williams . . J. W. Atkinson . . E. P. Crump . . . C. F. Hagner . . . C. M. Meyer . . . G. C. Merrydew . . C. H. Whitlock . . L. T. Pemberton . . Extra station man — permanent. . Hoseman at call. M. M. Ellmore . . H. E. Richardson . , Sub-hoseman at call. 43 STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 5. Members. Position. W. H. Joynes . . . Captain at call. H. J. Schlosser . Engineer — permanent. .T. B. Joynes . . . Helper “ R. W. Crafton . . Hostler “ J. F. Kersey .... . Extra station man — permanent. C. C. Frommer . . E. E. Franck, Jr. . . Hoseman at call. R. R. Milliken . C. P. Clarke .... C. T. Point . . M. Kelley J. N. Heffley .... W. J. Lucas ... “ “ H. L. Layne .... . Sub-hoseman at call. W. H. Kelley .... “ STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 0. Members. Position. A. R. Lawrence . . . . Captain at call. J. J. Schlosser . . . . Engineer — permanent. R. L. Gilman .... . Helper J. S. Walters .... . Hostler “ M. H. Mitchell . . . . Extra station man — permanent. L. C. Minor . Hoseman at call. E. Petrochilli .... J. A. Skinner .... . J. B. Brown .... . A. C. Liggon .... . "William Easley . . . . J. A. Drake . Sub-hoseman at call. S. Steinburg . . . . 45 STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 7. Members. Position. •T. E. Walthall . . H. W. Taylor . . ,T. .T. Loterzo . C. B. Gilman . . S. R. Perdue . . . . Joseph Luchenburg . Captain at call. Engineer — permanent. Hostler “ Extra station man — permanent Hoseman at call. R. H. Trice “ “ .T. H. Parsons ... “ “ F. D. Talley ... W. L. Wallace . H. T. Miller ... A. F. Carleton . . . Sub-hoseman at call. B. S. Holt STEAM FIRE ENGINE COMPANY No. 8. Members. Position. G. M. Rogers Captain at call. T. H. Weimer .... Engineer — permanent. .1. T. Grubbs Helper “ J. W. Neagle . . . Hostler “ W. H. Sears Extra station man — permanent. H. W. Mays Hoseman at call. W. C. Gayle “ W. H. Childress . T. H. Davis . . . . W. B. Christian . . C. H. Smith . . . . Walter Wood .... C, L. Gullett . . . . Sub-hoseman at call. 46 HOOK AND LADDER TRUCK COMPANY No. 1. Members. Position. L. W. Dorset Captain at call. C. H. Reintz Tillerman — permanent. N. B. Dunford .... Hostler “ E. J. Bradley . . . Ladderman at call. C. E. Flippen “ “ J. S. Smith “ “ G. Richardson .... “ “ O. Knight “ “ W. L. Smith “ “ B. T. Talley “ J. P. Angel “ “ P. R. Phillips “ ,l P. G. Randolph .... Sub-laddermen at call. G. T. Snead “ “ HOOK AND LADDER TRUCK COMPANY No. 2. Members. C. S. Atkinson . J. H. Greaner, Jr. F. Low R. B. Goodman . E. C. Hicks . . . J. V. Haake . . D. C. Ellett. . . A. P. Tyree . . . L. T. Miller . . . J. H. Seawell . . J. S. Wooldridge J. T. Goddin . . H. W. Clarke . . W. B. Shaw . W. B. Clarke . . Position. Captain at call. Tillerman— permanent. Hostler “ Extra station man — permanent. Ladderman at call. Sub-ladderman at call. 47 HOOK AND LADDER TRUCK COMPANY No. 3. Members. A. V. Shelton . . . G. R. Shewbridge . J. W. Weimer . . . A. J. Hundley . . W. B. Russe . . A. B. Cook . . C. A. Rawson . . . J. A. Umlauf . W. W. Haley . . . .J. M. Sack .... E. M. McCormack . H. B. Hubbard . . L. A. Umlauf . . . Position. Captain at call. Tillerman — permanent. Hostler “ Ladderman at call. Sub-ladderman at call. CHEMICAL ENGINE COMPANY No. I. Members. Warwick Epps R. W. Stubs . Position Foreman. Driver. -IS Slpe portraiture of tipis Volunpe is fronp tlpe Studio of IRo. 112 IRortb IRtntb Street, IRicbmonfc, Da. 49 SttOCKOE •a # -- MILLS — - ^ WARNER MOORE & CO., RICHMOND, VA. Importers of Hova Scotia Lamp, and Manufacturers of Pare Srsand Plaster. DEALERS IN Fine Bolted Corn Meal (Water Ground), Rockland and Anchor Lime, Cement. Calcined Plaster, Laths, Plasterers’ Hair, Fire Bricks. Sewer Pipe, &c. J. W. WHITEHURST, MANUFACTURER OF SASH. .'BLINDS, '.DOORS AND INTERIOR trimings. 10TH AMD BYRD STS. RICHMOND. VA JAMES W. CARR, MANUFACTURER CF Flower • vases • and • Settees, Iron Mantels, Fronts. Grates, Fenders, &c. Proprietor Richmond Electro-Plating Works, the only first-class plating works in the South, SILVER, NICKEL, BRASS and BRONZE WORK. Special attention to polishing and lacquering Chandeliers and re-plating Old Table Ware. Cor. 18th and Cary Streets, : RICHMOND, VA. 50 Agency for Virginia Springs Water. Orders Promptly Executed PURCELL, LADD A C0„ Wholesale 5 Covernor Street RICHMOND, k/M. DEALERS IN PAINTS OILS, DYES AND VARNISHES, Kerosene Oil by the Barrel or Car Load. IF YOU DESIRE THE VERY FINEST CHEWING TOBACCO, ASK FOR ONE OF T.C. WILLIAMS COMPANY’S MAY APPLE, LUCY HINTON, NOSEGAY, MATTAPONI, JACK SPRATT, CHAMP CARTER. Factories at Richmond, Va. THE FOURQUREAN-PRICE COMPANY, Broad Street, Corner Fourth, Richmond, Va. High-Class Silks. Dress Goods and Exclusive Novelties in everything pertaining to Dry Goods and Fancy Goods. 51 The Insurance Agency of ... . T. h. fihp^IEHD, „1203 E. Main St , Richmond. Va Fire, marine Accident, • • • Boiler- Explosion, • • • • • Wind-Storm and Postal Written in the hargest $ Best Companies in the World Insurance manager of the Washington Ltife Insurance Co of Netu York for the Virginias and l^orth Carolina. Commenced Business in 1860. Assets, $13,000,000. - n^i^i Policy-holders, $24,000,000. o • • • • The Policies of the Washington are Non-forfeitable, Residence and Travel Unre- stricted, and Policies Incontestable after two years. The Washington pays claims im- mediately on receipt of satisfactory proofs. HARDGROVE&GO.. Manufacturers of the following Popular Brands Tobaccos: M. Ward. Peach. || Fig. Indispensable. || W. Barrow. Sweet Orange. E A. CATLIN, A. B. BLAIR, President. Cashier. JAS. R. GORDON, W. A. CRENSHAW, Vice-President. Assistant Cashier. SECURITY BANK, 1107 E. Main Street, RICHMOND, - - VIRGINIA. Capital, $ 200 , 000 . Surplus, - 40 , 000 . INTENT AIMED ON DEPOSITS, DO A CENERAL Fire Insurance Easiness. BEST FOREIGN AND AMERIGAN O COMPANIES REPRESENTED. 52 OLD DOMINION STEAMSHIP CO. Tri Weekly Line for New York. LEAVE RICHMOND FOR NEW YORK— Tuesday, Wednesday, and Friday at 5 P. M. LEAVE NEW YORK (via Jam°s-river roule)— Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday at j P. M. LEAVE NEW YORK— Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday, connecting at Old Point Comfort with C. & O. R'y, or at Norfolk with N. & W. R. R. — ARRIVING IN RICHMOND— Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Sat- urday Evening. Cabin fare to New York (including meals and berth) via James-river route, $ 9 00 Round-trip tickets, limited to thirty days after date of issue, 14 00 Cabin fare via Chesapeake and Ohio Ra lway and Richmond and Petersburg Railroad (tickets limited to four days) 9 00 Round-trip tickets (limited to thirty days) 14 00 Tickets can be obtained at Richmond Transfer Company’s, 901 East Main street ; Chesapeake and Ohio and Richmond and Petersburg depots, and at the Company’s Office, 1301 Main street, and from all important ticket offices throughout the South. Passengers leaving Richmond on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays by the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (via Newport News), and by the Richmond and Petersburg railroad (same days) will make connection at Norfolk with steamer leaving those days. GEO. W. ALLEN & CO., Agents. No. 1801 Mciiji St., and Company’ s Wharf , Rochetts. BOSTON, MASS, MANUFACTURERS OF BAY-STATE JACKET, HARVARD JACKET, XXXX KNIT JACKET COTTON FIRE HOSE, ALSO FEATHER-WEIGHT RUBBER FIRE HOSE AND Pire D@partrr\er\t Supplies. ALL GOODS FULLY WARRANTED. COURTNEY’S SUPPLY COMPANY, SOUTHERN SALES AGENTS, 1433 East Main Street, Richmond, Va. 53 MURPHY’S HOTEL— THE LEADING HOTEL IN THE CITY. AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PLAN. JOHN MURPHY, Owner and Prop’r. W. J. HEINX, Chief Clerk. RICHMOND. VM J) ce3 jfoi Make YouNervow W. J. YARBROUCH & SONS RICHMOND, VA. If you have not tried this Tobacco, we would suggest your doing so, as we can re- commend it with en- tire confidence as be- ing absolutely of the very best quality, and a mild, pleasant chew. 54 ■'sK7\ McBAIN <3c CO., Paint and Vsirnish Mak ers, Richmond, Virginia. Our Specialties: “PERFECTION” ROOF PAINTS in four colors — Yellow, Red, Maroon, Black. PRICE: Barrels, fifty gallons, 50 cents per gallon; Packages, twenty- five to thirty gal- lons, 55 cents per gallon ; Packages, five to fifteen gallons, 60 cents per gallon. Holloway Chemical Fire Engines. Rand Fire- Extinguishers, Hook- and- Ladder Trucks , Hose Wagons Hose Carriages , Fire Department Supplies. CHARLES T. HOLLOWAY. BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. ORGANIZED I S3 2. ■- INSURANCE COMPANY, Home Office, No. 1015 Main Street, Richmond, Virginia. INSURES AGAINST FIRE AND LIGHTNING. HALF A CENTURY IN ACTIVE AND SUCCESSFUL OPERATION. 55 WATCH-DOG? £ o i :s c t §••2 -c x u = J2 I/) •— C/0 c r a/ i» — s is C Oi £ o i_ D O Z '5 > 5 ft 3 § j Z | 5 M « „- a t i « i S §? JD (L> C/2 s E l^USE OIJR CELEBRATED STEAM-DRIED KINDLING WOOD. $1.50 PEE LOAD ODE HALF OODEID RICHMOND CEDAR WORKS. ARTHUR L. PLEASANTS. ’PHONE 114. CHAS. S. CRENSHAW. PLEASANTS & CRENSHAW, (Successors to GEO. D. PLEASANTS & SON,) INSURANCE, 1104* MAIN STREET, RICHMOND, - VIRGINIA. LOSSES PROMPTLY ADJUSTED AND PAID AT THIS OFFICE W. T. HANCOCK, MANUFACTURER OF MiLRITANA, ZDTT^AEEEF ECSES, AND OTHER FINE SUN-CURED •^TOBHCCOS^ RICHMOND. VA. Goods Made to Order in any Style. 56 The Leading Sewing Machine ■ate . ^ Manufacturers of the World. ^ ■a- twelve fllMllton flDacbincs flftafre artfr Solfr. *•[«$• “ THE SEVEN DRAWER IS OUR FAVORITE.” $ E O a> CO ■D E (8 ■a ati '° n S-P/ft S7 . ' e rvi, !fe=C- iSF c e-. 7 -^ e ^Pean Cafe &a,r 'Ple t i p #>&}/, r,c e s ..* e iavi> //? M -4 Richmond, 64 Virginia. I V //^ \\