THE ?di:upiTi:EBc 
 
 HAND-BOOK 
 
 AVEST ■& T01iN3TOX-Tnbiyi.T3, M!:^ 
 
 31 ah 
 
 Hifif ^ J. V, 
 

 COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON FLOWERS 
 MEMORIAL COLLECTION 
 
 DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 DURHAM. N. C. 
 
 PRESENTED BY 
 
 W. W. FLOWERS 
 
fflTE 
 
THE 
 
 YOLUNTEER'S HAND BOOK 
 
 CONTAINING AN ABRIDGMENT OF 
 
 ^ixdu'^ gttfatttvjj ®art»0, 
 
 ADAPTED TO THE USE OF THfi 
 
 dCUSSION MUSKET IN SQUAD AND COMPANY EXERCISES, 
 MANUAL OF ARMS FOR RIFLEMEN, 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY 
 
 REGULATIONS AS TO PARADES, REVIEWS, INSPECTIONS, 
 GCARD MOUNTING, &C. 
 
 BY 
 
 CAPT. J, K. LEE, OF THE FIRST REGIMENT 
 
 OP 
 
 VIRGINIA VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Twentieth Thousand. 
 
 RICHMOND, VA. : 
 
 WEST & JOHNSTON 
 
 NO. 145 MAIN STREET, 
 
 1861. 
 

 Eixtered according to Act of Congress, in the year 18G0, by 
 
 WEST A JOHNSTON, 
 
 In the Clerk*s Office of the District Court of the United States, 
 
 for the Eastern District of Virginia. 
 
 Strother & Marcom, PriatcrB, Raleigh, N. C. 
 

 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Instuiictiox <,.-- .^ g 
 
 Commands 
 
 THE SaUAD. 
 
 Position of the Soldier • * 
 
 Facings •• ^ 
 
 The direct step ^ 
 
 Common time ^ 
 
 Quick time -^ 
 
 Double quick lime lU 
 
 Alignment \\ 
 
 To march to the front t^f 
 
 To march obliquely t.^ 
 
 To march backwards ^* 
 
 To mark time ?^ 
 
 To change stet) f* 
 
 To march to the right about 1^ 
 
 To side step \^ 
 
 To march by the flank 1 J 
 
 To change direction by file 1^ 
 
 Wheelings • IJ 
 
 Turning \l 
 
 Manual of Arms *^ 
 
 Rest ; in i)lace, rest ^* 
 
 Parade rest ^* 
 
 To stack arms -*J 
 
 Inspection of arms 29 
 
 Loading and firing SO 
 
 The direct fire ; S5 
 
 The oblique fire S5 
 
 To fire by file JJ 
 
 To fire by rank <'6 
 
 THE COMPANY. 
 
 Formation or the Company 38 
 
 Pt)St of officers in line ^ ^^ 
 
 To open ranks ^^r 
 
 Manual of arras in open ranks 40 
 
 To close ranks ^J- 
 
 Posts of officers ia the firings *«■ 
 
 25691 
 
II TABLE OF COXTEXTS. 
 
 To fire by the rear rank 41 
 
 Tj advance in line of battle 42 
 
 To march in retreat 43 
 
 To march by the flank 44 
 
 To change direction by file '. 46 
 
 On the riofht by file iiito line 4(> 
 
 On the left by Hie into line 47 
 
 In two ranks, undouble files 47 
 
 In four I anks, double files 48 
 
 Posts of ofiicers in column 48 
 
 By company into line 49 
 
 By platoon into line 49 
 
 MarcWng in column by platoon, to inarch by the flank in 
 
 the same direction 50 
 
 To break into column by platoon 50 
 
 To march into column 51 
 
 To chanjxe direction of the column 52 
 
 To halt the column, and to form into line either at a halt 
 
 or on the march 55 
 
 To break the company into platoons 55 
 
 To re-form the Company 5G 
 
 To break files to the rear 57 
 
 To cause files broken ofl to return into line 5S 
 
 The column in route 5S 
 
 Countermarch 60 
 
 The column being: in HftaTcb, to form on the right or left 
 
 into line of bat'tle 61 
 
 Formation of a company from two- ranks into fsxir, and 
 
 reciprocally at a halt, and in march 62 
 
 Manual of Arms for Riflkmkx 65 
 
 Form of Inspectiox 76 
 
 Dress Parade 79 
 
 Review 82 
 
 Guard Mounting 86 
 
 Guards and Sentinels iiO 
 
 Escorts cf LIonor 93 
 
 Color Escort 93 
 
 Funeral Honors 95 
 
 L.. 
 
INSTIiUCTlON. 
 
 Instruction. 
 
 First principles having the greatest influence upon 
 individual instFuctioit, upon which that of the company 
 and regiment depend, recruits should be watched with 
 the greatest care. Instructoi'S should explain, in a few 
 clear and precise words, the movement to be executed ; 
 and not to overburden the memory of the men, they 
 should always use the same words to explain the same 
 principles. They should often join example to precept, 
 should keep up the attention of the men by an animated 
 tone, and pass rapidly from one movement to another, 
 as soon as that which they command has been executed 
 in a satisfactory manner. 
 
 As tjje discipline and eflieiency of a company materi- 
 ally depend upon the cj^iwiuct and character of its non- 
 commissioned officers, these should be selected with 
 care^ and properly instructed in all the duties apper- 
 taining to their rank. And as such instruction is in* 
 tended principally to qualify them for the instruction of 
 the privates, they should be taught not only to execute, 
 but^ to explain intelligibly every thing they may be re*- 
 ciuired to teach, 
 
 (5) 
 
 225691 
 
6 COMMANDS. 
 
 Commands. 
 
 Commands are af three kinds : The command of can- 
 iion, which is attention ; the preparatory edmmand, 
 which indicates the movement which is to be executed j 
 and the command of execution, such as march, or halt. 
 
 The tone of com^iand should bp animated, distinct, 
 and of a loudnpstj proportioned tp the number of men 
 under instruction. The comuiaud attention is pronounc- 
 ed at the- top of the voice, dwelling on the last syllable. 
 The comn^and c^ execution should be pronounced in a 
 tone firn^ and bri(;f."* Thqse preparatory commands, 
 which from their lencfth arc dilTicult to be pronounced at 
 once, must be divided into two or three parts, with an 
 ascending progression in the tune of co.mmand, but air 
 vvay-; i^o that the tone of o.^ecuiion may be more energetio 
 s\iid elevated. I 
 
 •*The coTDKiands of caution and the preparatory commands 
 are herein distingnii-lied by bold face, tbosc of execution by 
 ()AP1TAI.S. 
 
 •fThc divisions are herein indicated by a hyphen. The parts 
 of commands which are placed in a parenthesis are not prp- 
 jftouncc(i. 
 
PART L 
 
 THE SaJJAD, 
 
 The squad drill is the very basis of all proficiency in 
 military exercise. In most cases it is impracticable to 
 instruct volunteers in squads of less than four or eight 
 men at a time. Hence it is important that the men 
 should fix and keep their attention upon the instructor, 
 who ought, as far as possible, to add example to precept 
 in all of his instructions. 
 
 In all the following exercises to ^ 67, the recruit is su]V' 
 posed to be without arms. Aftev he is taught thje-use oi 
 arms, the loadings and firings, he should lie well exer- 
 cised icith arms in the whole of the squad-drill, before 
 proceeding to the movements of company-drill. 
 
 Position of the Soldier. 
 
 ? 1. Heels on the same line and as close together a<3 
 the conformation of the man will permit, the feet turned 
 out equally and forming with each other something- 
 less than a right angle ; knees straight without stitf-^ 
 ness ; body erect on the hips, inclining a little forward ; 
 shoulders square and falling equally ; arms hanging nat- 
 urally ; elbows near the body; palms of the hands 
 turned a little to the front, the little fingers behind the 
 seam of the pantaloons; head erect and square to the 
 fl'ont, without constraint ; chin a little drawn in ; eyes 
 fixed straight to the front and striking ,tlie ground about 
 the distance of fifteen paces. 
 
 1, Eyes-RIGHT, 2. FRONT, 
 
 § 2. At the word right, turn the head gently to the 
 right, so as to bring the inner corner of the left eye in 
 a line with the centre of the body, the eye fixed on tbo 
 line of the eyes of the men in, or supposed to-be in, 
 ^he same rank. At the word front, resume the direct^ 
 position. 
 
S THE SQUAD. 
 
 The movomentof <'y<?s-i,EFT will be exocnled by inverse 
 ■neans. 
 
 The instructor v/ill take o^re that the movement of 
 ihe head does not derannre the squareness of the should 
 ders. 
 
 • REST, 
 
 § 3. 4t the command rest, stand at ease, 
 
 1, Atteiitioi). «. Sai^AD, 
 
 § 4. At the first word, the recruit will fix his atten-r 
 lion ; at the se'^.ond, he will re.sumo the prescribed po-? 
 &ition and steadiness. 
 
 FACINGJN. 
 1. gauad. 2. Rio-ht (ur J.eft)-FACE. 
 
 § 5. At the second command, raise the right foot 
 glightly, turn to the right (or left,) on the left heel, 
 raising the toe a little, and then replace the right heel, by 
 the side of the left, and on the same line. 
 
 fro:p^t. 
 
 § 6. Turn on the left heel so as to regain the first 
 position, and replace the right heel by the side of the 
 left. 
 
 Ij Squad. 2. ABOUT-FACE. 'T 
 
 S 7. At the word about, turn on the left heel, bring the 
 left toe to the frqnt, carry the right foot to the rear, the 
 hollow opposite to and full three inches from the left heel, 
 the feet square to each other. At the word,/c<cp, turn on 
 both heels, raise the toes a little, extend the thighs and 
 face to the rear, bringing, at the same time, the right heel 
 by the side of the left, 
 
 " The men shquld take cire that the^c motions do not 
 derange the erect position of the body. 
 
 The Direct Step, 
 
 § 8. The direct step, or pace, in common time, is twenty- 
 eight inches, reckoning from heel to heel, and at the rate 
 j:if ?lii)ety in a npnute. 
 
THE SQUAD. 9 
 
 1, Squad, forward, 3. Common time. 3. "MARCH. 
 
 • ^ 9. At flie first command, feel the weight of the body 
 on the right leg, without bending the left knee. At the 
 comm^hd March, step off with the left foot, carrying it 
 straight forward twenty-eight inches from the right, the 
 sole near the ground, the ham extended, the toe a little 
 depressed, and, as also the knee, slightly turned out; at 
 the same time, throw the weight of the body forward, 
 and plant flat .the left foot, without shock, precisely at 
 the distance where it finds itself from the right, when 
 the weight of the body is brought forward, the Avhole of 
 which will now rest on the advanced foot. Next, in like 
 manner, advance the right foot and plant it as above, 
 the heel twenty-ei'ght inches from the heel of the left 
 foot, and thus continue to march, without crossing the 
 legs, or striking the one against the other, without turn- 
 ing the shoulders, and preserving always the face direct 
 to the front. 
 
 1. Squad. 2. HAI.T. 
 
 § 10. At the word halt, which will be pronounced at 
 the instant when either foot is coming to the ground, the 
 foot in the rear will be brought up, and planted by the 
 side of the other, without shock. 
 
 The Cluick Step. 
 
 §11. The principles of the step in quick time are the 
 same as for common time, but its swiftness is at the rate 
 of one hundred and ten steps per minute. As soon as 
 the recruit has acquired steadiness ; has become estab- 
 lished in the manual of arms, and in the mechanism, 
 length, and swiftness of the step in common time, he will 
 be practiced only in quick time, the double quick, and the 
 run. The instructor wishing the squad to march in quick 
 time, will command, 
 
 1. Squad, forward. 2, MARCH. 
 
 § 12. At the command march, the squad will step off 
 and continue to march in quick time.*'' 
 
 * When the time is not indicated in the preparatory com" 
 maud, the squad will always step off in quick time. 
 
10 THE SQUAD. 
 
 The pouble quick step. 
 
 >§ 13. The length ot the double quick step is Thirty-three 
 inches, and its sv/iftness at the rate of one hundred and 
 yixty-five step.-; per minute. 
 
 1. Double qnick step. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ^ 14. At the first command, raise the hands to a level 
 with the hips, the hands closed, the nails toward the body, 
 the elbows to the rear. 
 
 ^ la. At the second command, raise to th.e front the 
 left leg bent to its greatest elevation, that part between 
 the knee and the instep vertical, the toe depressed; re- 
 place the foot in its former position ; execute with the 
 right leg ichat has just heen ^>r<3,scri&<3(Z for the left, and 
 continue the alternate movement of the legs until the 
 command, 
 
 1. Squad. 2. HALT. 
 
 § 16. At the command hMt, bring the foot which is 
 raised by the side of the other, drop the hands and re- 
 sume the position of the soldier. 
 1. Squad, forward. 2. Double quick. 3. M\|ICH. 
 
 § 17. At the first commaAid, throw the weight of the 
 body on the right leg. At the second, place the arms 
 us indicated in ^ 14. At third, carry forward the left foot, 
 the leg slightly bent, the knee rais«d, plant the left foot, 
 the toe first, thirty-three inches irom the right, and with 
 the right foot execute what has just been prescribed for 
 the left. The weight of the body should be thrown upon 
 the foot that is planted, and the men should breathe as 
 mucli as possible through the nose, keeping the mouth 
 closed. 
 
 The Run. 
 
 ^ 18. The principles of the run are the same as for the 
 double quick step, the only difference consisting in a 
 greater degree of .swiftness.^' 
 
 -To obtain with accuracy the cadence qI" difference steps, 
 the pendulum or metronome must be employed. 
 
 In our latitude, the pendulum, to vibrate cuniraon, fime, should 
 be 17.37 inches in length; to vibrate qaichtlme, 11. G3 inches iu 
 length; aiid to vibrate douhle quick time, 5.17 inches in length. 
 
THE SQUAO. I I. 
 
 § 19. Six or eight men sliOiild be united in one rank, 
 elbow to elbow, and nnmbcred from riglit to left in order 
 to be tanght the principles of alignment, or dressing on 
 aline. The instructor will at first' teach them to align 
 tlicmselves man by man ; to tiiis end he will command 
 the two men on the right ilank to march two paces to 
 the front, and having aligned them, ho will caution the 
 remainder of the squad to move uj) as they may be buc- 
 eessively called, each by his number, and align them.- 
 selves successively on tlie line of the first two men. 
 
 § 20. Each man, as designated by his number, will turn 
 the head and eyes to the right as prescribed in § 2, and 
 will march in quick time two paces forward, shortening 
 the last so as to find himself about six inches behind the 
 new alignment, which he ought never to pass ; he will 
 next move up steadily by steps of two or three inches, the 
 thighs extended, to the side of the man next to him on 
 the alignment, so that, without deranging the head, the 
 line of the eyes, or that of the shoulders, he may find 
 himsel-f in the exact line of his neiglibor, whose elbow'hc 
 will lightly touch w'ithout opening his own. 
 
 The instructor seeing the rank well aligned, will com- 
 mand : 
 
 FRONT. 
 
 ^ 21. At this the men will turn iheir eyes to the front 
 and remain firm. 
 
 § 22. Alignments to the left will be executed on the 
 same principles. 
 
 "When the men shall have thus learned to align them- 
 selves man by man cori'ectly, the instructor will cause the 
 entire rank to align itself at once by the command: 
 Riglit (or lcft)-DRESJ^, 
 
 § 23. At this, the rank, except the two men placed as a 
 basis of alignment, will move up in quick time, and place 
 themselves on the neAv line as prescribed in § 20. 
 
 The instructor seeing the rank aligned will command : 
 FRO XT. 
 
 § 24. Alignments to the rear will be executed on the 
 same principles, the men' stepping back a little beyond 
 
12 THE SQUAD. . 
 
 tlic line and then dressing up by steps of two or three 
 
 inches as jircscribed in § 20, the instructor commanding : 
 
 Fight (or left) backward-DRILSS, 
 
 To march to the front, 
 
 § 25. The rank being aligned, when tlic instructor 
 shall wish to cause it to march by the front, lie will place a 
 \vell-instructed man on the right or left according to the 
 .side on which he may wish the guide to be, and command; 
 1. Squad, forward. Guide right (or left.) 3. MARCH. 
 
 § 26. At the word march, the rank will step oti'])rompt" 
 ly with the left foot ; the guide should take care to march 
 straight to the front ; the men should touch lightly the- 
 elbow toward the side of the guide, be careful not to open 
 out the left elbow nor the right arm, yield to p;cssurc 
 coming from the side of the guide, and resist that coming 
 from the opposite side, keep the head direct to the front, 
 no matter on wliich side the guide may be, and if found 
 before or behind the alignment, shorten or lengthen the 
 step by degrees, almost ins'ensiblc, until the fault is cor- 
 rected. 
 
 To March Obliquely. 
 
 The squad being in march, the instructor desiring them 
 to march obliquely, will command: 
 
 1. Right (or left) Oblique. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 27. At the second command, each man will make a 
 half face to the right (or le'l,) and will then march 
 straight forward in the new direction. As the men no 
 longer touch elbows, they will glance along the shoulders 
 of the nearest files toward the side to which they are ob- 
 liquing, and will regulate theirstepsso that theshoulders 
 shall always be behind thatof their next neighbor on that 
 side, and that his head shall conceal the heads of the 
 other men in the rank. The n^en should preserve the 
 same length of pace and the same degree of obliquity. 
 
 Tlie instructor wishing to resume the primitive direc- 
 tion, will command : 
 
 1. Forward. 2. 3IARCH. 
 
 § 28. At the second command, each man will make a 
 half face to the left (or right,) and all will then march 
 straight to the front as in the direct march. 
 
THE SQUAD, 13 
 
 The squad being at a halt, if the instructor should 
 Avish to inarch it in the back step, he will command: 
 
 1. Squad, backward. 2. Guide right (or left). 
 3. MARCH. 
 
 § 29, At the command 7;2rtrc;7i, step off smartly 'with 
 the left loot fourteen inches to the rear, and so on with 
 the feet in succession, the head direct to the front, touch- 
 ing the elbow toward the guide and yielding to pressure 
 from that side, until the command halt. At this com- 
 mand bring the loot in froivtby the side of the other. 
 To mark lime. 
 
 The squad marching in the direct step in common or 
 quick time, the instructor will command : 
 1. Mark time. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ^ 30. At the second command, which will be given at 
 the instant either foot is coming to the ground, make a 
 semblance of marching, by advancing first one foot, and 
 then the other, always bringing back the advanced foot 
 and placing its heel by the side of the heel of the other. 
 1. Change step. 2. MARCH. . 
 
 § 31. At the second command, given at the instant 
 either foot is coming to the ground, bring up quickly 
 the foot in the rear to the side of that just come to the 
 ground, and step off with the latter. 
 
 1. Squad, right about. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 32. At the command marc\ which will be given at 
 the instant the left foot is coming to the ground, bring 
 this foot to the ground, and turning on it face to the rear, 
 then place-^ the right foot in the new direction, and step off 
 with the le'ft foot. 
 
 If the squad be marching and the instructor should 
 wish to bring it to a halt and faced to the rear, he will 
 command : 
 
 1. Squad, right about. 2. HAIiT. 
 
 §33. At the command A(^Z^, which will be given as 
 the left foot is coming to the ground, bring this foot to 
 the ground and turning on it face to the iv-ar, thtn bring 
 the right foot to the side of the left. 
 
14 THE SQITAD. 
 
 Tlic squad being at lialt, the ins(ructor wisliing to 
 move it to tlio riglit on the same line, will command : 
 1. Sidestep to the right. 2 MARCH. 
 § 34. At the f^econd command, each man will glance 
 hh eyes to the right, and at the same time cany his 
 right foot about ten inches to the right, and instantly 
 bring up his lei't foot, and soon, the whole wuth perfect 
 precision of time, shoulders square to the front, and each 
 man perceptildy halting, when he has closed on the 
 fixed point, or on the man next to him. Thus continues 
 until the command : . 
 
 1. Squad. 2 HALT. 
 § 35. At the second command, bring u]"* the left foot 
 to the side of the right, and stand firm. 
 
 § 3G. Change of iiosition l)y side stejy to tliehft will be 
 executed on the same principles by inverse means. 
 To march by the ilaiilc. 
 § 37. The rank being at a halt and correctly aligned, 
 the instructor will command : 
 Count Twos. 
 ^ 88. At this command the men count from right to 
 left, pronouncing in a loud and distinct voice, in the 
 same tone, without hurry, and without turning the head, 
 ove, two, according to the place which each occupies. 
 1. Squad, right-FACE. 3. Forward. 3. MARCH. 
 I 39. At the command face, the squad will face to 
 the right : the even numbered men, after facing to the 
 right, will step quickly to the side of the odd numbered 
 men, the latter standing fast, so that when the move- 
 ment is executed, the men will be formed into files of 
 two men abreast. 
 
 I 40. At the command, mnrcli, the squad v^ill step off 
 smartly with the left foot; the files keeping aligned and 
 preserving their intervals. 
 
 § 41. To march by the left flank will be executed by 
 the same command, substituting' the word left for right 
 and by inverse means ; in this case the even numbered 
 men, ^fter facing to the left, will^stand fast, andthe odd 
 numbered wmII place themselves on their left. 
 
THE SQUAD. 15 
 
 1. Squad. 3' HAft. 3. FRONT. 
 
 § 43. At the second command, the squad will h,alt, and 
 fifterwards no man will stir, although he may have lost 
 his distance. 
 
 § 43. At the third command, each man will front by 
 facinn; to the left, if marching by he right flank, and by a 
 face to the right, if marching by the left flank. The rear 
 rank men will at the same time move quickly into their 
 places, so as to 'form the squad again into one rank. 
 
 To change direction by file, the instructor will com- 
 mand : 
 
 1. By tile left (or right). 2. MARCH. 
 
 § '44. At the command march, the first file will change 
 direction to the left (or right) in describing a small arc of 
 a circle, and will then march straight forwaixl : the two 
 men of this fiie in wheeling will keep up the touch of the 
 elbows, and the man on the side to which the wheel is 
 made, will shorten the first three or four steps. Each 
 file will come successively to wheel on the same spot 
 where that vrhich preceeded it wheeled. To face by the 
 right or left flank in marching, the command is, 
 
 1. Squad by the right (or left) flank. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 45. At the command march, which will be given as 
 cither foot is coming to the ground, the men will turn 
 the body, plant the foot that is raised,, in the new direc- 
 tion, and step off with the other foot Without altering the 
 cadence of the step; the men will double or undouble 
 rapidly. - - 
 
 § 40. If in facing by the right or left flank, the squad 
 should fiice to the lear, 'the men will come into one rank 
 agreeabl}^ to the principles above indicated in § 43. Ob- 
 serve, that the men who are in rear, always move up to 
 form into single rank, and in such manner ds never to in- 
 vert tiie order of the numbers in the rank. 
 
 § 47. If when the squad has been faced to the rear, the 
 instructor should cause it to face by the left flank, it is 
 the even number v>"ho will double by moving to the left 
 of the odd numbers; but if by the right flank, it is the odd 
 numbers who will double to the right of the even numbers. 
 
16 THE SQUAD. 
 
 . § 48." Whenever the instructor desires the men to 
 march in one rank, he will caution them not to double 
 files. 
 
 \vhf:ei.1]sgs. 
 
 § 49, Wheelings are of two kinds ; from IiaUs or on fixed 
 pivots, and in march or on movable pivots. 
 
 § 50. Wheeling on a fixed pivot, takes place in passing 
 a corps fiom the order in battle to the order in column, 
 or from the latter to the former. 
 
 § 51. Wheels in marching take place in changes of 
 dir action in column, as oftt^n as this movement is execut- 
 ed to the side opposite to'tlie guide, 
 
 § 52. In wheels from a halt the pivot man only turns 
 in his place, without advancing or receding. 
 
 § 58. In the wheels in marching, the pivot man takes 
 steps of full nine inches, to clear the wheeling point be- 
 fore the next subdivision arrives on the same ground, 
 which is necessary in order that the succeeding subdi- 
 visions may not lose their distances by being delayed. 
 
 § 54, In both cases, the man on the wheeling flank will 
 always take the full pace of twenty-eight inches. 
 
 Wheeling from a halt, or on a fixed pivot. 
 
 The rank being at halt, the instructor will jdace a well- 
 instructed man on the wheeling Hank to conduct it, and 
 then command : 
 
 1. By Squail, right Avheel. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 55. At the command onarch, the rank w ill step off 
 with the left foot, turning at the same time the head a 
 little to the left, the eyes fixed on the line of the eyes of 
 the men to the left; the pivot man will merely mark time 
 in gradufdly turning his bod}^, in order to confirm him- 
 self to the movement of the marching fiaidc ; the man 
 who conducts this fiank, will take steps of twenty-eight 
 inches, and from the first step advance a litllc the left 
 {■boulder, cast his eyes from time to time along the rank, 
 and feel constantly the elbow of the next man lightly, 
 but never push him. 
 
 ^ 56. The other men will feel lightly the elbows of 
 
THE SQUAD. 17 
 
 the next man tovvard the pivot, resist pressure coming 
 from tlic opposite side, and each will conform himself to 
 the marching flank — slioriening his step accordhig to 
 his approximation to the pivot. 
 
 The instructor will make the rank wheel round the 
 circle once or tpioe before halting, in order to cause the 
 principles to be better understood, and he will be watch- 
 ful that the centre does not break. 
 
 ^ 57. The wheel to the leit will be executed accord- 
 ing to the same principles. To arrest the wheel, the 
 instructor will command: 
 
 1. J^quad. 2. HAI.T, 
 
 g 5B. At the second command, the rank will halt and 
 no n}{xn stir. The instructor going to the flank opposite 
 to the pivot, will place the two outer men of that flank 
 in the direction he may wish to give the rank, taking 
 care to leave between them and the pivot only the space 
 necessary to contain the other men. He will then coni' 
 mand : 
 
 I.eft (or right) DRESS, 
 
 § 50. At this the rank will place itself on the align* 
 ment of the two men established as the basis in con^ 
 formity with the princijjles prescribed in ^20. 
 
 § 60. The instructor will next comniand Front, which 
 win be executed as prescribed in § 21. 
 Wheeling" in mgrching', or on g, moveable pivot? 
 The rank being in march, the instructor will com? 
 jnand : 
 
 1. Right (or left) wheel. 2, MARCH, 
 
 § 61. The first command will be given when the rank 
 is yetfou?' paces from the wheeling point. 
 
 § C2. At the second command, the wheel will be exe^ 
 cuted in the same manner as from a halt, except that 
 the touch of the elbow will remain toward the march:^ 
 ing flank (or side of the guide) instead the side of tha 
 actual pivot ; that the pivot man, instead of merely 
 turnifig in his place, will conform himself to the move- 
 ment of the marching flank, feel lightly the elbow of 
 |,he ne.\t niarj, take stcpa of ful} niqe incheSj D,m\ thus 
 
JS THE- SQUAD. 
 
 g.-iin ffroniKUorwai'd in clescribiiio- an arc of a small 
 circles to clear the point of tlie wheel. The iniddle of 
 the rank will bend slightly to the rear. As soon as the 
 movement shall commence, the man who conducts the 
 marching- flank will cast his eyes on the ground over 
 which ho will have to pass. 
 
 The wheel being ended, the instructor will command: 
 
 1, Forward. 2. RfARCH. 
 
 § 03. The first command will be pronounced when 
 four paces are yet required to complete the change of 
 direction. 
 
 § 04. At the command mnrch, which will be given 
 at the in.stant of completing the wheel, the man wlio 
 conducts the marching ilank (or guide) will direct 
 himself straight forward; the pivot man and all the 
 Vank will retake the stop of tweiity-eight inchcSj and 
 bri))g the head direct to thp front, 
 TURN INC J. 
 
 To change direction to Ihc side of the guide in march- 
 ing, the instructor will command : 
 
 1, teft (or rig-ht)" turn. 2» MARCH, 
 
 § 05. The first command will be given when the. rank 
 is yd four paces from the turning point. 
 
 § 00. At tlie comtnand march, to be pronounced at 
 the instant the rank ought to turn, the guide will face 
 the left (or right) in marching, and moy.e. forward in 
 the new,direct'ion without slackening or quitSltening th« 
 cadence (n^te of march), and without shortening or 
 lengthening the Step. The whole rank will promptly 
 conform itself to the new direction; to eflbot which, 
 each man will advance the shoulder opposite to the 
 guide, take the double quick step, to carry himself in 
 flie new direction, turn the head and eyes to the side oi 
 the guide, and retake the touch of the elbow on that 
 side in placing himself on the alignment of the guide, 
 from whom he will take the step, and then resume the 
 direct positii)n,of the head. Each man will thus arrive 
 successively on the alignment. 
 
THE SOUAD, 19 
 
 MANUAL OF ABMS. 
 
 § G7. The manual of arms should be taught to two men 
 placed at first side l)}^ side in one rank, elbow to elbow, 
 and next in a single file, that is, one behind the other. 
 Each command is executed in one time (or j)ause), and is 
 divided into motions. The rate (or swiftness) of each mo- 
 tion, except the motions relative to the cartridge, to the 
 rammer, and to the fixing and unfixing of the bayonet, is 
 tixed at the ninetieth part of a mimitc; but the motions 
 here cxcc^^ted should be executed with promptness and re- 
 gularit3\ As soon as tlie men shall well comprehend the 
 positions of the several motions, they will be taught to ex- 
 ecute the time Avithout resting on the motions. 
 
 Position of Shoulder Arms. 
 
 § 08. The piece in the left hand, the arm but a very little 
 bent, the elbow back, near the bod}^ the palm of the hand 
 pressing on the outer edge of the butt on the upper joints 
 of the fingers, (the inner edge on the lower joints, and tho 
 ends inside,) the heel of the butt between the fore and 
 middle fingers, the thumb on the front screws of the butt^ 
 plate the remaining fingers under the butt, the butt more or 
 less kept back, according to the oonformation of the man, 
 so that the piece seen from the frx)nt (or side) sliall appear 
 perpendicular, and also that the movement of the thigh, 
 in marching, may not raise it, or ca.iise it to waver; tho 
 gtock below the tail band resting against the hollow of tho 
 shoulder, just within the joint, the right arm hanging nat= 
 in*ally as in the position of the soldier. 
 
 Present- ARM^, [Tico motions.'] 
 
 § 69. First. Turn the piece with the left hand, tlie look 
 out, seize the small at the same time with the right hand, 
 the piece perpendicular and detached from the shoulder, 
 the left hand remaining under the butt. 
 
 § 70. Second. Complete the turning inwards of the pi'eco 
 go as to bring it erect before the centre of the body, the 
 rammer to the front, the right hand under and against the 
 guard ; seize it smartly at the same time with the left hand 
 ftboyethe lock, the thiiinb extended along the baml ^nd on 
 
^0 TUE SQUAD. 
 
 the stQck, the lo)-e-arn) resting on the boily witliout con- 
 straint, and the hand at theheight of the elbow? 
 
 Shoulder-ARMS. [T/oo motions.'] 
 
 § 71. First. Turn the piece with the right hand, the 
 V)arrcl out; (with thethun)b on tlie S phite, and the fore» 
 finger against the cock,) raise find support it against the 
 left shoulder with the right hand, drop the left hand under 
 the butt, the rjght hand resting on, without grasping the 
 small. 
 
 {j 72. Second. J)rop quickly the right Imnd into its 
 position, 
 
 Order- ARMS. \Two motwng.l 
 
 § 78. First. Drop tlie piece suiartly by extending the 
 left arm, seize it at the same time with the right hand above 
 apd near the t!ijl band; (without the least pause.) quit the 
 hold of the left hand, and carry the piece opposite to the 
 vight shouldci', the rammer in front, the little linger behind 
 the barrel, the right hand supported against the hip, this 
 butt three inches from the ground, the piece erect, tlie left 
 hand hanging by the side. 
 
 § 74. Second. Let the piece slip through the right hand 
 to the ground without shock, and take the following posi^ 
 tion : 
 
 Po*itJQn of Order- Arms. 
 
 § 75. The hand low, the barrel between the thumb and 
 forelinger extended along tlie stock ; the other Angers Q-iir 
 tended and pined ; the muzzle about two inches from th,e 
 right shoulder; the rammer in front; tKe foe |or beak) of 
 the butt, against and in a line ^yith, the toe of the right 
 foot, the barrel porpciidicular. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [ Two motions,'] 
 
 § 7G. First, liaise smartly the piece with the right han.d, 
 carry it against the left shoulder, so as to bring the barrel 
 \.o the front ; place at the same time the left hand under 
 fhe butt, and ylip the right hand down to the hammer. 
 
 § 77, Second, Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position. 
 
 Support- ARi>iS. [Three motions.] 
 
 § 73 First, W/th i\](i right liand seize thg siig/j,ll of \\ig 
 
TPIE SQUAD. 21 
 
 stock four iiiclies below the lock, raising a little, but not 
 turning the piece, 
 
 § 79. Second. Take the left hand from the butt, extend the 
 left forearm upward across the body, under the cock, the 
 hand flat on the right breast. 
 
 § 80. Thrid. Drop the right hand smartly into its posi- 
 tion. 
 
 Carrj'-ARMS. [ThrtQ motions.'] 
 
 § 81. Firt. Qm'vj quickly the right hand to the small. 
 
 §.82. Second. Place quickly tlio left hand upon the 
 butt. 
 
 § 83. TJiird. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position, and drop Aviththe left, at the same time, the 
 piece into the position of shoulder arms. 
 
 Uiiflx-BAYONET. [Three motions.] 
 
 § 84. First. Drop the piece by a smart extension of the 
 left arm, seize it with the right hand above and near the 
 tail band, 
 
 § 85. Second. Drop the piece with the right hand along 
 the left thigh, seize it with the left hand above the right, 
 lengthen out the left arm, rest the butt on the ground 
 without shock, and carry at the same time the right hand 
 to the bayonet; with the thumb, turn the cJasp against 
 the stop,'' seize the bayonet at tho socket and shank, 
 so that the lower end of the socket may be about an inch 
 below the heel of the palm, and that in Arresting off the ba}'- 
 onet, the thumb may be extended on the blade. 
 
 § 86. Third. Wrest off the bayonet, return it to the 
 scabbard, place immediatel.y the* right little finger on the 
 butt of the rammer, loAverthe lelt hand along the barrel, 
 extending the arm, without depressing the shoulder. 
 Slioulder-ARMS. [T/o'te motions.] 
 
 § 87. First. Raise the piece with tlie left hand along the 
 left side, the hand at the height of the ehin, tlie forearm 
 touching the piece, the barrel to the front; drop at the same 
 time the right hand to seize the piece a little above the 
 small, the forefinger touching the cock, and the thumb on 
 the vS plate. 
 
 * If the bayonets have no clasps, of course omit this. 
 
2^ THE SQUAD. 
 
 § S8. Srrorid. Piaisc the piece with the right hand, drop 
 lliG left and place it under the butt, support the piece with 
 the right hand against the yhpiilder, in the position of shoul- 
 der anns, the right hand resting on without grasping the 
 piece. 
 
 § 89. Third. Let fall smartly the right hand into its po- 
 .sition. 
 
 Secure-ARMS. [Two moti/jns.'] 
 
 § 90. First. Seize quickly the piece with the right hand, 
 the thumb on the S plate, and the forefinger against the 
 cock ; at the same instant detach the piec-c from the shoul- 
 <kn-, the barrel to the front, seize it at the tail band with the 
 left iiand, the thumb extended on flie rammer, the piece 
 erect, oppociite the shoulder, the left elbow on the piece. 
 
 § 91. Second. Keversc the piece, pass it under the left 
 arm, the left hand remaining at the tail band, the thumb on 
 the rammer, the little finger resting against the hip, and the 
 right hand falling, at the same time, into its position. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. \_Tu)o motions.] 
 § 02. First. Raise the piece with the left hand,, (but not 
 too suddenly, lest the rammer should liy out,) seize the smalt 
 with the right hand to support it against the shoulder, quit 
 tlio hold af the loft hand, and place quickly this hand under, 
 the butt. 
 
 § 93. Second. Let fall smartly the right hand into its 
 position ; drop at the same time the piece into the position. 
 <jf shoulder arms. 
 
 Fix-BAYO\ET. [T/ore motions,] 
 
 § 94. First. As in unjix laijonet, § 84. 
 
 § 95. Second. As in w;/^.c Jcn/^^cf, § 85, except that the 
 riglit hand will go to the scabbard, to seize the bayonet by 
 the socket and shank, so that tlie lower (now upixn-) end of 
 the socket shall extend about an inch above the heel of the 
 palm. 
 
 § \)i'>. Third. Draw the bayonet from the scabbard, carry 
 and fix it on the muzzle, tuiiiing the clasp towards the 
 body with the right thumb: place immediately the little 
 
THE SQUAD. ' SH 
 
 fiiin-er on the head of the rammer, lower the left hand 
 alono- the barrel, extending the arm without depressing 
 the shoulder. 
 
 Shoulder- AT j^ , [Three motions.] 
 
 § 97. First, Ser.ond, ana Third, as in Shoulder arms 
 from Unfiv bayonet. 
 
 Charg-c-BAYONET. [lu-o motions.'] 
 
 § 98. Firs', Make a liaU" face to the right on the left 
 heel, bring the left toe to the front, place at the same time 
 the right foot behind and at right angles with tlie left, the 
 hollow of the right foot opposite to, about tliree inches 
 irom the left heel ; turn the piece with the left hjind, lock 
 outwards, and seize the handle at the same time with the 
 right hand, the piece perpendicular and detached from 
 the shoulder ; (leave the left hand under the butt.) 
 
 ^ 99. Second. Bring down the piece with the right hand 
 into left, the latter seizing it a little in advance of the tail 
 band, the barrel up, the left elbow near the body, the 
 right hand supported against the hip, the point of the 
 hayonet at the height of the eye. (The men of the rear 
 rank will take care not to touch their file-leaders with 
 the points of their bayonets.) 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [Tico motions.'] 
 
 f 100. First.- Face to the front by turning on the left 
 heel, bring up the right by the side of theleft heel ; at the 
 same time spring up the piece with the righthand to the 
 left shoulder, and place the left hand under tiie butt. 
 
 § 101. Second. Let fall smartly the righthand into its 
 position. 
 
 Trail-AFMS. [Tivo motions.] 
 
 § 102. First. As the first motions of Order arms, § 73. 
 
 § 103. Second. Incline a little the muzzle to the front, 
 the butt to the rear, and about three inches from the 
 ground, the righthand (thelittlefingerhavingtbenslipped 
 to the front,) grasping the i:)iece and supported at the hip.- 
 ■ 'I — — 
 
 * If the instructor wish to relieve the men when marching 
 with arms trailed, he will command : Chan{/e-llA'^r>s, which 
 will he executed in one motion, by raising the muzzle to th 
 shoulder passing the piece across the front of the body, trailin 
 
21 THE SQUAD. 
 
 ShoUlder-ARM^. 
 
 § 104. At the command shoulder, raise tlie piece per- 
 pendicularly in the right hand; at thecon\mand arms, 
 execute the two motions ^i shoulder arms^WQiw the posi- 
 tion o^ order arms. 
 
 If the instructor wish to give repose in the position <\f 
 order arms, he will command 
 
 REST. 
 
 § 105. At tliis command, tlie men will no longer be re- 
 quired to preserve silence or to remain steady in position. 
 Or he will command: 
 
 1. In place. 2. REST, 
 
 § 106. At the second command, the men will not be 
 required to preserve silence or steadiness of position, but 
 they mnst always keep one or the other heel, and their 
 pieces, on the alignment. 
 
 Or lie will command: 
 
 1. Parade. 2. REST. 
 
 I 107. At the second command, the men will carry 
 the light foot six inches in rear of the left heel, the left 
 knee slightly bent, the body upright upon the right le^, 
 the piece resting against the hollow of the right shoul- 
 der, the hands crossed in front, the backs of them out- 
 wards, the left hand uppermost, the eyes direct to the 
 front. 
 
 1. Attention. 3. SC^UAD. 
 
 ^ 108. At the second word, the men will resume the 
 correct position oi order arms. 
 
 § 101). if, at the Qon\m.^w(\ in place-rest ov parade-rest^ 
 the squad be in the position of support arms, the men 
 will be regulated by the directions in §§ 100, 107, except 
 that they will bring up smartly the right hand to the 
 small of the stock. At the command of attenlion, they 
 will resume the correct position at support-arms. 
 
 it with the loft, and dropping the right hand by the side. At 
 the command Jie-cliarigc-ll\^T)s, raise tlie muzzle to the should- 
 er, pass the pix'C to the right hand and retake the position of 
 V ail arms. 
 
THE SQtAD. 25 
 
 To Right Shoulder ShifUAUMS.* [Two motions.} 
 
 I 110. F'n&t. Turn the piece with the left hand 
 lock to the front, seize it at same time with the righ 
 hand at the small. 
 
 I 111. Second. Carry tlie piece to the right shoul* 
 fler, the lock plate upwards, the left hand still holding 
 the butt,the muzzle elevated ; place the right hand on 
 the butt, the beak between the first two fingers, the other 
 twQ fingers under the butt plate, and let tall the left 
 hand by the side. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [ Two motions.] 
 
 ^ 112. Firs*. Raise the piece and ext-enJ the righ 
 arm, seize it with the left hand above t'he lock, carry 
 the piece against the left shoulder, turning the barrel 
 to the front, (in turning place thethumbon theSplate,) 
 the right hand being at the small, place the left hand 
 under the butt. 
 
 ^ IIB. Second. Let the right hand fall by the sida. 
 
 Slope (or Ease) ARMS. [One motion.] 
 I 114. Carry forward and raise slightly the left hand, 
 so that the piece will rest at the lower band on the left 
 shoulder, keep the muzzle elevated, the piece sloped 
 diagonally to the rear. 
 
 Carry-\RMS. [Oaemotion.] 
 
 § 115. Depress the left hand andresUmethe position 
 ot shoulder arms. 
 
 •Arms- AT WILL. [One tmtion.] 
 ^ 116. Carry the piece at pleasure on either ahoul* 
 der, with one or both liands, the muzzle elevated. 
 Sihoulder-ARMS. [One motion.] 
 I 117. Retake quickly the position o^ shoulder arms, 
 
 Arms-PORT. 
 
 § 118, Throw tlie piece diagonally across the body, 
 
 the lock to the front, seize it smartly'at the same time 
 
 with both hands, the right at the small, the left at the 
 
 tail band, the thumbs pointing towards the muzzle, the 
 
 ^•From position ot -^honlder arrm. 
 
26 THE SQUAD. 
 
 "barrel sloping upwards and crossing opp")!=;ite to the point 
 of the left shoulder, the butt proportionally lowered : the 
 palm of the right hand above, that of the left under the 
 piece, and the nails of both hands next to the body, to 
 which the elbows will be closed. 
 
 Shoultler-ARMS. [ Two motion.^.] 
 
 ^ 119. First. Bring the piece smartly to the left 
 shoulder, placing the left hand under the butt. 
 
 ^ 120. ^Second. Drop the right hand smartly brthe 
 pide. 
 
 To ground Armsr. 
 
 The squad being at ordered arms, if the instructor 
 wish the pieces to be placed on the ground, he will 
 command : 
 
 Ground-.! RMS. [Two 77intio7ts.] 
 
 § 121. First. Turn tiie piece with the right hand, the 
 barrel to^ th-e Idt, at tlie same time sieze the cartridge- 
 box \vith the left hand, bend tlie body, advance the left 
 foot, the- heel opposite the lower band ; lay the ])iece on 
 the ground with the right hand, the toe of the button a 
 line Vith the right toe, the knee slightly bent, the right 
 heel raised. 
 
 § 122. Second. Else up, bring the left foot by the side 
 of the right, quit the cartridge-box with the left hand, 
 and drop the hands by the side. 
 
 Raise -ARMS, {Tiro motiom.) 
 
 § 123. First. Raise the cartridge-box ^vith the left 
 hand, bend the body, advance the left foot opposite the 
 lower band, and sieze the piece with the right hand. 
 
 § 124. Second. Kaise the piece, bringing the left foo* 
 hy^the side of the right; turn the piece with tlie right 
 hand, the rammer to the Iront ; at tlie same time quit 
 the cartridge-box with the left hand, and drop this hand 
 hy the side. 
 
 To s'auk Arms. 
 
 The squad being in two ranks at order arms, the in- 
 structor will command: 
 
 Stack-ARMS. 
 
 § 125. At this command, the front rank man of every 
 even numbered file will pass his piece before him, seiz- 
 
THE SQUAD. 27 
 
 ing it with the left hand above the middle- band, and 
 place the butt outside and near his left foot, the barrel 
 ■turned to the front, the niuz/Je opposite the right shoul- 
 der, At the same time the f'-ont rank man of every odd 
 numbered file -will pass his piece before him, seizing it 
 with the left-hand below the middle band, and hand it to 
 the man next on the left ; the latter will receive it with 
 the right hand two inches above the middle band, throw 
 the butt about thirtj-two inches to the front, opposite to 
 his right shoulder, inclining the muzzle tovvards the right 
 shoulder, and lock the shanks of the two bayonets, the 
 barrel remaining to the rear and its shank above that of 
 the first piece. The rear rank man of every even file pro- 
 jects his bayonet forward, the barrel to the right, and 
 introduces it (using both hands) between the muzzles and 
 under the shanks of the two other bayonets. He will then 
 abandon the piece" to his file leader, who will receive it 
 with the right hand under the middle band, bring the butt 
 to the front, holding up bis ow'n piece and the stack with 
 the left hand, and place the butt of this third piece between 
 the feet of the man next on the right, the barrel to the- 
 right. "The stack thus formed, ^the rear rank man of every 
 odd fije will pass his piece into his left hand, tlie barrel 
 turned to the front, and, sloping the bayonet forward, rest 
 it on the stack. 
 
 § 12G. When organized companies stack arms the ser- 
 geants, (and also the corporals, if in the rank of file 
 closers) will rest their pieces against the stacks nearest to 
 them respectively, after ranks are broken, and resume 
 their pieces on the signal to re-form ranks. 
 
 Take AR3IS. 
 
 § 127. At this command the rear rank man of every 
 odd iile wiU withcjraw his pieces from the stack ; the front 
 rank man of every even file will seize his own piece with 
 the left hand, and that of the man on his right with his 
 right; the rear yank man of every even file will seize his 
 ])iece with the right hand at the middle band, advancing 
 for the purpose the hollow of his right foot as far as the 
 right heel of his file leader ; these two men will raise up 
 
gS THE SQUAD.* 
 
 the stack to loosen the shanks ; the front rank man of 
 every odd file receives his piece from the hand of the man 
 next on the left, and the faur men will retake the position 
 of the soldier at order arm.-?. 
 
 Reverse- ARMS.* (Tico motions.) 
 § 128. First. Grasp the piece with the right hand, the 
 ^ncrer nail to the front, at the height of the shoulder, turn 
 the°piece to the right and in front of the body, and bring 
 it reversed under the left nvm, ihe barrel slojving to the 
 rear; at the same tin>e, slip the left hand to the small, 
 •rrasping it with the finger nails up. 
 
 § 129? Second. Remove and carry briskly the right 
 Land to the rear of the bc<ly,and with it grasp the piece 
 between the middle and lower Ixvnds, the finger nails out- 
 wards. 
 
 ShouWer-ARMS. (7ii'& mfdlonif.) 
 I 130 First, Bring the right hand briskly to the front 
 and with it grasp the° piece at the swell of the stock, the 
 finger nails inward; at the same time slip the kit hand to 
 the butt and invert the piece with both hands, bringing it 
 in front of the body, to the shaulder, and, slipping the right 
 Land, let it fall to the hammer. ^ 
 
 ^ 131. Second. Drop the right liand by the side. 
 
 Rest on- ARMS* {Two motions.) 
 § 132. First. Grasp the piece at the height &f the 
 shoulder with the right hand, the finger nails to the Iront, 
 reverse it by turning it to the right in Iront of the body, 
 and let the muzzle rest on the left toot, the leit hand rest- 
 ing on the butt. . i . i i . a ^ 
 § 133. Second. Remove' quickly the right hand to the 
 butt and let it rt.st there, the finger nails outward ; at Uie 
 same time, bow the head and bend the right knee. 
 Shoulder- .\ RMS. (Tm-'O maions. ) 
 5 134. First. Drop the right hand, and with i^i seiz.e 
 the piece at the swell of the stock; with both uands, 
 (the left depresse.^ and the right raised ) turn the piece 
 in frontof the bodv, bringing it yganistthc leit shoulder, 
 and slipping the right hand let it f^H to tne ha.nmer. 
 § 135. Second. Drop the wght hand by the side. 
 
 * From the position of shoulder arms. 
 
THE SQUAD. 29 
 
 Inspection of ArmS/ 
 
 The men being id or<lered anus, and having tho bayo- 
 net ill the Rcabbard, tlie instructor will command: 
 Inspc ii n-ARMS. {Three motions.) 
 
 § 136. First. Face (o tho right onco and a half, carry- 
 ing the right foot perpeniAiculur to the alignment, about 
 eix inches from, and at right angles with the left foot; 
 seize promptly the piece with the left hand a little 
 aliove the middle band, incline the muzzle to the rear 
 without displaciiig tho heel cf the butt, the rammer 
 turned towards the body ; carrying at tho ?ame timeth^ 
 right hand to the bayonet, and sciz« it &^ prescribed ia 
 ^711' bnyonef ,? 05. 
 
 § 137. Second. Draw the bayoij^t friom the scabbard, 
 Garry and ti\ it on the muzzle ; «eize next t,he rammer, 
 jdraw it as ex))lained in the fifth titne q^ loading, (see 
 page 31, §S loO, VA, 1.^2,) and let it glide to the bottom 
 of the bore.. 
 
 § 138. 2-h'ird. Face promptly to the front, eeiizethe piece 
 5.vith the right hand and retake the position ol order amis. 
 
 § 139. The instructor will then inspect in succession 
 tiie piece of each Uian, in jwassing along the front, of the 
 mnk. Each, as the inspector reaches him, will rai.se 
 smai'tly IAa piece with his jight hapd, seize it with the 
 left near the lower band, the lock to the front, the left 
 hynd at the height of the chin, the piece opposite to the 
 left eye ; the iii.structor sill take it with the right hand 
 at the liandle, and aft^^r ins[«rcting jt, «'ill return it to 
 the recruit, who will receive it ba(dv with the right hand, 
 and replace it in the position of order arms. 
 
 I 140. When the instructor shall have passed him, 
 fach man will take the position prescribed in I 136, re- 
 turn the rammer as explained in thjS seventh time of 
 loading, (see page 31, H 104, 155, 156,) and resume the 
 position of order arms. 
 
 U \x\B\e2id of inspection of arms, bayonets are to be 
 fixe4only, the command iis, 
 
 Fix-BAYONET. 
 ^ ? 141. Take the position prescribed in the first mo- 
 tion of inspection of arms, I 136 ; fix bf^yonet and fac^ 
 t,o the front. 
 
so THE SQUAD. 
 
 If the instrrctor wish to ascertain whetlier, any of the 
 piccej are loaded, he will command : 
 Sprins-IJA31M5':R.«. 
 
 § 1 T. Put the rammers in the brrrel as abov^ ex- 
 plained, and retake the postilion of order arms. 
 
 ^ 143. The inspector for the purj pse stated," can tahe 
 the rammer by the small end, andspiing it in the' barrel, 
 or caupe each man to make it-ring in the barrel. 
 
 •| 144. Each man, after the iihspector passes him, 
 will return vammer and resume the position of order 
 arms. 
 
 LOADING ATVD FIRING. 
 
 Load ill ten times. 
 
 1. LOAD. {7'ii-o motions,) 
 
 ^ 145. One. Drop the piece by a ynart extension of 
 the left arm, -seize it with the right band above and near 
 the tailband ; at the saiuc time carry tlie right foot for- 
 ward, the lieel ag^ainst the hollow oi' the left fooi. 
 
 I 110. Tiro. Prop the piece with the right hand 
 along the left tb>g'h. seizi; it with the left hand at the 
 middle band, And with tlie left hand let it descend along 
 to the ground, without shock, the piece touching thelelt 
 thigh, and the muzzle opposite to the centre oftho body; 
 carry the right hand quickly to the cartridge box and 
 open i . 
 
 2. Ifamlle-CATlTniDGE. (Onevwilo7i.) 
 
 §147. "Seize the cartridge with the thumb and next two 
 fingers, r.nd })lace it between the teeth. 
 
 3.Tear-CARTKIDGK. (One motion.) 
 
 § 148. Tear the paper down to the powder, hold the 
 cartridge upright batween the thumb and next two fingers, 
 near the top ; aid in this position place it in front of and 
 near the muzzle, the back of the hand to the front. 
 4. Charse-CARTRIDQK. (Q/ie tnotujn.) 
 
 § 149. Fix the eye on the muzzle, turn q\nekly the back 
 of the right hand towards tlie body, in order to discharge 
 the powder into the barrel, raise the elbow to the height 
 of the wrist, shake the cartridge, force it into the muzzle 
 and leave the hand reversed, the fingers extended, the 
 thumb extended along the bavreh 
 
THE SQUAD. 31 
 
 ^ 3. Dra'w^RAMxlJER. {Thvee motions.^ 
 
 ^ 150. Oils. Drop smartly, the right elbow and seize 
 the rammer between the th'umb and forefinger bent, 
 the- other fntgers shut; draw it smartly extending the 
 arm ; seize the rammer again at the middle, between 
 the tlmmb and forefinger, the hand reversed, tlie palm 
 to the front, the nails up, the eyes following the move- 
 ment of the hand; clear the rammer h'oni the pipes by 
 again extending the arm. 
 
 "l 151. Two. Turn rapidly the rammer between the 
 bayonet and the face, closing the fingers, (the ra-mmer 
 of the rear rank mn.n -grazing the right shoulder of the 
 mail of the same file in front, respectively ) the rammer 
 parallol to the bayonet, the arm extended, the butt of 
 the j:ammer opposite to the, nnizzle, but not yet inserted, 
 the eyes fixed oh the muzzle. 
 
 § 152. Tlt)'ee. Insert the butt of the rammer and 
 force it down as low as the hand. 
 
 G. R;im-C.\RTRIDGR. {One motion.) 
 
 § 153. Extend the arm to its fall length to seize the 
 rammer between the right thumb extended and the fore-- 
 finger bent, the utlier fingers closed ; with force ram homo 
 twice (the right elbow down and near the piece) and seize 
 the rammer at the little end, between the thumb and fore- 
 finger bent, the other fingers closed, the right elbow touchy 
 ing the body. 
 
 7. Rcturu-RAMMER. [Three motions.'] 
 
 § 154. One. Draw briskly the rammer, reseize the 
 middle betwqgn the thumb and forefinger, the hand 
 reversed, the palm to the front, the nails up, the eyes 
 following the movement of the hand, clear the rammer 
 from the barrel by extending the arm, 
 
 § 155. Two. Tiww rapidly the rammer between the 
 bayonet and the face, closing the fingers, (the rammer 
 of the rear i-ank man grazing the right shoulder of the 
 man of the^same file in front,) the rammer parallel to 
 the bayonet, the arm extended, the little end of ths 
 rammer opposite i(3 the first pipe„.but not yet inserted, 
 The eyes fixed on that pipe. 
 
 § 156, Three, Insert the little *end, and with the 
 
3.3 THE aQUAr. 
 
 thumb, '.vhich will follow the movement, force it a^, low 
 n3 tliC mi. Idle band; ruiso f|uiekly the ri,i:ht hand a 
 little bent, ])la(-e tb.e litrle finger* on" tlie butt of the 
 rammer, and foice it down": lower the left hand on tlie 
 barrel to the extent of t'ic arm, without dcpre.-s'.iig the 
 .shoulder.. ^ 
 
 8. Cast-ABOUT^ [Ttvo moimn-'-.] 
 
 'i 157. _Gne. Raise the piece with the left hand along 
 V.ic left '-'side, the hand at the height of the chin, the 
 forearm touching the piece, the barrel to tlie front ; 
 drop at the same time the right hand to seize- the piece 
 a little abovo the small, the foreti^gor touching the 
 lock, the thumb. .on tlie S plate, and bring back the 
 right heel to the side of the left. 
 
 § 15<S. Tivo. Make a half (ace to the right on the left 
 heel, bring the left toe to the front.-the right |"oot° be- 
 hind and at riglit-angles with the left, tlie hollow of the 
 right foot against the lieel of the left. At the same 
 time sei;^e the siiiail of the stock \yith the right hand, 
 and bring down the piece with both hands to the po~ 
 .s,ition ol' charr/e-v>\YQy;i:T. 
 
 9. PiUME. [Onevioiion.] 
 
 § 159. Bustiiin the piece with4he leftlfand (half-cock 
 the piece,) lwu*sh off the old cap, and with the thumb 
 and first two fingers take a cap from the pouch, place it 
 firmly on the cone, pushing it down with the thumb. 
 
 10„ ShonUier-AIlMS. [2\vo jnofions] 
 § 160. As from Gharfje-Rtyonet, ?§ 100, 101. 
 To Lead in Four Times. 
 
 § IGl. The first time will bo expcuted.at the. command 
 Luad ; the three others at the words two^ tJiree, and/cwr. 
 Load ia Four Txmes-LOAD. 
 
 § 1G2. Execute what is prescribed for J.oajl, Ilandle- 
 Ourt ridge, Tear- Cartridge, and Charge-Gariridgc. 
 TWO. 
 § 163, Draw-Rammer and Rim-Gurtridge:' 
 
 THREE. 
 'i. 1^4. Return-Rammer and G'tst-ATjoiit, 
 
THE SQUAD. 33 
 
 FOUR. 
 
 § 1G5. Prime and Shoulder arms. 
 To Li >rtd at will. 
 l,oaJat wii -LOAl>. 
 
 § I 60. At the cornmuKl load, execute the loading tis ia 
 four times, but without resting on the times. 
 
 READY. [Four mntions.] 
 " §107. One. M.ike a half face 4;o the right on the left 
 heel, l)ring tlic left toe to the front, place at the.Sfime time 
 the i-ight foot behind, and at right* angles with the left, 
 the hollow of the right foot ag anst the'left ht-el; turn the 
 piece with the left iiand, the lock outwards, and seizo_at 
 the same tine the handle, (or small of the stock,) with 
 the right hand, the piece peipendlcular, and detached 
 from tiie shoulder; (leave tlielel't hand under the butt.) 
 
 § 1()8 Tioy. B -ing the piece with the right hand to 
 the middle of the body, place tiie left hand just above the 
 lock, the thumb extended on the stock at the height of 
 the chin, the S plate almas! turned towards the bod}', the 
 rammer obliquely to the left and front. 
 
 § 169. Three. " Place the thumb on the hammer, the 
 forefiiiger un-ier and on the guard, the other three fingers 
 joir.e 1 10 the fir,<t, -the elbow at the height of the wrist. 
 
 § 170. Four. Close the rigct elbow smartly to the body 
 in cocking, seize the piece at the suiall, let it descend 
 along the body in the lefi, hand to the tail band, o^hioh. 
 will lemain at the height of the shoulder, (and opposite to 
 the centre of the b"d3'.) 
 
 Al^l, [0,ie motion.] 
 
 § 171. Drop smartlj' the muzzle, the left hand remain- 
 ing at the tail band, support the butt against the right 
 shou^d('r, the lefi elbow a little doivi'n, slnit the ielteye, 
 direi:t the light along the ba re), flrop^the head ujion the 
 butt [o catch the object, and place th'e foretinger on the 
 trigircj-. 
 
 § 172. T|>c rear rank vrill, at the same time, carry the 
 right foot about eight inches towards the left heel of the 
 fiian next on .the right. 
 
 FIRE. [One motion.] 
 
 § 173. Apply the forefinger with force to the trigger 
 
34 THE SQUAD. 
 
 without fu-thcr lowering or turning thchea(\ and remain 
 in that position. 
 
 LOAD. [F/'otn the fire — tivo motion-'i.] 
 
 § 174. One. Bring back the piece quickly with both 
 hands, the rear rank men bi'inging the light foot by the 
 side of the left; depress the butt strongly b}' extending 
 the right arm, and carry it with tlie arm thus extended to 
 the left side, the barrel turned to tlie front and opposite 
 to the left shoulder, open the left hand to let the pfecc 
 slide through it to the middle band, the back of the liand 
 to the front, the left forearm touching the stock ; at the* 
 same time face to t4ie front, and carry the right foot lor- 
 ward, the heel a.<>-ainst the hollow of the left foot. 
 
 . § 175. 7\co. Quit the hold of the right hand; with the 
 kfthand remaining at the middle })aud, let the piece de- 
 scend to the ground, without shock, and take the position 
 of the second motion of the first time of loading. 
 
 Shoulder-ARMS. [From thefire — two motions.] 
 
 i 176. One. Bring back the »piece with both hands, 
 face to the front, carry the piece against the left shoulder 
 and place the left hand under the butt. 
 
 § 177. Tico. Let fall smartly the right hand into its po- 
 sition. 
 
 Recover-ARMS, [Fropi the aim — one motion.] 
 
 § 178. At the word recover, withdraw the finger from 
 the trigger; at the command arms, throw upsmartly the 
 muzzle, and retake the position of the fourth motion of 
 ready. 
 
 Shoulder-ARMS. -^rom the ready — oi\^ ?noiion.] 
 
 § 170. At the word shoulder, fice to the fiont, bring 
 the piece to the middle of the body, the left thumb at the. 
 height of the chin, thc'^iecc supported by the loft hand, 
 holding it fast above the lock ; next plafe tho right thumb 
 on the head of the cock, support the forefiliger on the 
 trigger, sustain at the same time tlie cock in its descent 
 till it nearly touches the cone, raise the cock te the half- 
 cock notch, (the leaching of vvdiich \\ill be both felt and 
 heard,) and seize the handle of the piece (or small of 
 stock,) with the right hand. At the word arms^ carry the 
 
THE SQUAD. • 35 
 
 piece smartly to the shoulder and retake the position of 
 shoulder arms. 
 
 Firings. 
 
 § 180. The firings are either direct or oblique. 
 For the direct Jire, the instructor will command: • 
 l.FircJ»y S^iuiid. 2. Squad. 3. READY. 
 4. AI J. 5. Flki:. G. i.OAD. 
 
 § 181. These several commands will be executed as has 
 been prescribed in the Manual of arms. At the sixth- 
 they will load their pieces and return immediately to the 
 position of read//. 
 
 1 182. The firing will be re-commenced by the com- 
 mands: 
 
 1. Squad 2 AIM. 3 FIRE 4. LOAD. 
 
 When the instructor wishes the firing to cease he will 
 command : 
 
 Cease-I lUlNG. 
 
 § 183. At this command the men will cease firinor, but 
 will load their ]ncces if\inloaded, and afterwards bring 
 'them to a shoulder.: 
 
 The oblique Fire. 
 
 § 184. The. oblique firings will be execated to the right 
 and left, and by the same commands as the direct fire, 
 with this single dilference— the command aim will al- 
 ways be preceded by the c^iuixow, right or leflt oblique. 
 Positiou of the rauks in the obliiue fire to the right 
 
 § 185. At the command r<?a*f//, the two ranks will exe- 
 cute what has been pa^escribed for the direct fire. 
 
 \ 183. Attlie cautionary command, right oMigue, the 
 two ranks will throw back the right shoulder and look 
 steadily at the object to be hit. ^ 
 
 ^ I 187. At the command aim, each front rank man will 
 aim to the right without deranging his feet; each rear 
 rank man will advance the left foot aboflt eight inches 
 towards the right heel of the man next on the right of 
 ^s^le leader, and aim to the right, inclining the upper 
 ptrt of the body forward, and liending a little the left 
 knee. 
 
'3G * THE SQUAD. 
 
 § 188. At the commaml load, both ranks will resume 
 the position of load in the fire' Uiuect. 
 
 Pcsitism of the ta^ilis in tlse oblique fire to the feft. 
 
 § ISO. At the command, left oUiqnc^ the two ranks 
 will throw back the left shouhler, an'd iQok .steadily at 
 the object to .bo hit: 
 
 ^ 190. At the command aim, tlie front rank will take 
 aim to the lefcwitliout derangins; the feet; cacii man in 
 the rear rank will advance the right foot abcait eiirht 
 incljes towards the rijiht heel of the man next on the 
 right of his file leader, and aim to the lelt, inclipino- the 
 upper part of the body I'orward; and bending a little the 
 right Ivnee. 
 
 I 191. Xi the command load, both ranks will come 
 to the position of load as prescribed in the direct fire. 
 
 To fire by file. 
 
 The instructor will command: 
 1. Fire_l)y file. 2. Squad. 3. READY. C03IMENCE 
 FIRING. 
 
 § 192. At the fourth command, the riglit file will aim 
 arid fire tliemen together ; the rear -rank man, in taking 
 aim will carry-the right foot about eight inches to the right 
 the next file aims at the instant the first has fired, and so 
 on successively to the left. ^After the first fire every man 
 will load and fire without waiting for the others. 
 
 Ceasc-FIRING. 
 ^ 103. At this command, the men will cease firing. If 
 they have fired, they will load their pieces and bring them 
 to a shoulder; if at the position o^ ready, they will half- 
 cock and shoulder arms. If in the position oi'ahv, they 
 will bring down their pfcces, half-cock, and shoulder arms. 
 
 To fii-e by rank. 
 
 -? 194. The fire by rank will be executed by each entire 
 rank, alternately. 
 
 The instructor will command: •• 
 
 1. Fii-e by rank. 2. Sq\iaa. 3. READY. 4. Rear 
 rank. 5. AIW. G. FIRE. T. I.OAD. 
 
THE SQUAD. 37 
 
 I 105. At the third command both ranks will take the 
 position of ready. 
 
 § 19G. Attheseventli command, the rear rank will load 
 and come to the poiition of ready. When several men 
 in the rear rank have taken this position, the instructor 
 will command : " 
 
 1. Front rank. 3. AI3I. 3. FIRE. 4. LOAD. 
 
 § 197. At these commands, the men in the front rank 
 will execute what has been prescribed for the rear rank. 
 
 I 198. Tlie instructor will thus continue to alternate 
 from rank to rnnk. At the command cease firing^ the 
 %ien will execute what has been before- prescribed. 
 
PART 'II. 
 
 TilE COMPANY. 
 
 Formation of llie Company. 
 
 ^ 109. The company being assembled on its ground, 
 tlie 6Ci\ireants, b}' tlie comumnd fall in, cause tlie rank 
 aiid file, (corporals and privates' to form in one rank, 
 faced to tlie right, the fir>t" corporal on the right (or 
 liead of theWnk) the tallest man next, the next talles^ 
 next, and so on to the left, or rear of the rank. 
 ■ Th.e lirst Sergeant will then command : 
 FRONT. 
 
 ,§ 200. At this command, the compan}^ will face to the 
 front.- 
 
 The first sergeant will then. command : 
 1. In two ranks, form Company. 2. Comi)any 
 rii^ht-FACE.* 3. MARCI5. 
 
 § 201. At the second command, the company will 
 face to ttie Hjfight ; the man on the right will remain 
 faced to the front. 
 
 § 202. At th£ command onarcJi, the men wdio have 
 faced to the riglit, will step oflf and form files in tlie fol- 
 lowmg i^anner: the second man in the rank will place 
 himself behind the first to form the first file ; the third 
 will place himself by the side of the first in the front 
 rank ; the fourth behind the third in the real' rank. Ail 
 the others wdl, in like manner, place themselves, alter- 
 nately, in the front and rear rank, and will thus form 
 files of two men, On the left of those already formed. 
 
 The first sergeant will then command: 
 
 > In each rank— Coulit TWOS. 
 
 § 203. At this command, tlie men count in each rank 
 from rifht to left, .pronouncing in a loud and distinct 
 
 ■■•If the roll of the company is called, oacb man. as bo an- 
 swors to hisnfimc, will bring bis pioce\to the position of order 
 arms, and the sergeant, after the roll is called through, will 
 command shou1d''r urrm. 
 
THE coMPA:^;Y. . 39 
 
 voice, in the same tone, without hurry, and without 
 turning the head, one, two, according to thephice which 
 each one occupies/ f 
 
 § 204. He will then divide the company,^ mUo two 
 equal platoons, and each platoon into two equal sec- 
 tions 'place the cor[)i)tals in position in the iront rank, 
 on the right and loft of platoons, and*ept>rt to the cap- 
 tain tiie formation of the company. 
 
 The olhcers and sergeants- will now take their posts 
 as follows ; 
 
 ^ 205. The ca'plain in the front rank on the right of 
 the company, toucliing with the left elbow.- 
 
 § 200. Tite Jird lieutenant, two paces- in rear of and' 
 opposite the centre of the fourth section"' 
 
 I 207. 'Hie, second lieutenant, two paces inflearMand 
 opposite the centre of the first platoon:, ^ '^ 
 
 §208. The third lietitenantfi^w6 ])^ces in rear of and 
 opposite the centre of the second platoon. 
 
 ^209. Tho Jirst Hergeant in' the rear raiTk and cover- 
 ing th$ captain. He i.s d<eiiomiuated covering sergeant, 
 or right guiye of the company. ; "^ 
 
 ^^10. The second sergeant, two pax^es in rear of and 
 opposite the second file from the left of the company. 
 
 He is designated as left guide of iha comjifcny. '- 
 
 ^211. The third sergeant, two paces in rear of and 
 opposite the second file from the rig^itj^jof the siecond 
 platoon. 
 
 § 212. The fourth sergeant, two paces in rear*of and 
 oj^posite the second file li'om the left of thefirstj[3latcon. 
 
 §213. Th^ ffth sergcan%i\\o paces in rear of and 
 opposite the^ second file from the light oftke firs^t piatoouj*. 
 
 ^ 214. Absent officers and sergeants wi|l l^e re-placed 
 ^-oficcrs by sergeants, and sergeants by^corporalb'. 
 
 ^ 215. The oflicers and. sergeants thus posted in renr 
 of the company, constitute the rallk of closers. This 
 rank is two paces in rea'r of the rear ranji. '' 
 ,j^-^ 210. The pioneer is- posted in the line of file closers 
 oh the riglit ; and the music in a line with'-the front raidc,* 
 
 ■•=• Wh(j%. the captain acts as instrndor; or iu'. iiidepeudcnt 
 
 coininaua of the company, the liist lieutenant taJics i^is poist, 
 
 •^nd Lis post-iu tiuu is lilledlDy the second licuteirant, a«d so on. 
 
40 THE COMPANY. 
 
 four paces ou its right, the drum on the right ofthcfifer, 
 or bugler. 
 
 To open ranks. 
 
 The company being at ordered arms, the ranks and file 
 closers well aligned, to open ranks, the instructor will 
 com m and. : 
 1, Attention. 2. Company. 3. JShoulder~ARMS. 4. 
 
 Prepare to open ranks. 5. To the rear open order. 
 
 § 217. At the fourth command, the lel't guide w^ill 
 pLacc himself on the left of the front rank. 
 
 I 218. At the fifth command, the covering sergeant 
 and the left guide \v\\\ step. oil' smartly to the rear, four 
 paces from the front rank, in order to mark tlie align- 
 ment of the rear rank. The instructor having aligned 
 these two guides ou a line parallel to the front rank, will 
 then command : 
 
 6. MARCH. 
 
 I 219. At this command, the front rank will .stand 
 fast. The rear rank will step to tlie rear without count- 
 ing the steps, and will i)lace itself on the alignment 
 marked out for it. It will then be aligned on the ^eft 
 guide by the covering sergeant The file closers will 
 step ofl' at the same time with the rear rank and place 
 themselves two paces in the rear of it when it is aligned. 
 The instructor seeing the ranl^s aligned, vv'ill command: 
 
 7. I< KOXT. 
 
 § 220. At this command, the left guide will return to 
 Ills place as a file closer. 
 
 Manual of Arms. 
 <| 221. The ranks being open, the instructor vrill place 
 himself in a position to sec the ranks, and will command 
 the manual of arms in the fulhnving order: 
 Present Arms, Shoulder Arms, 
 
 Order Arms, f^^fioulder Arms. 
 
 Support Arms, Carry Arms. 
 
 Unlix Bayonet, SiiouUler Arms. 
 
 S^'ecure Arms, f^JiouIder Arms. 
 
 Fix Bayonet, SIiou Ulcr Arms. 
 
 Charge iJayonet, f^houldcr Arms, 
 
 Trail Arms, .,, f^houjl^er Arms. I 
 
 Load in ten times. 
 
- THE COMPANY. 41 
 
 To close ranks tlie instructor will command : 
 1. Close order. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 222. At the command march, the rear rank -will close 
 up in quick time, each man covfiiing4iis file leader. 
 
 § 22 8.- 'J'Jie company' may be exercised in the tnanval 
 of nrms, Jonding in four times, loading at wilJ, firing hy 
 file, firing hy rani,-, and direct and ohlifjue firing hy cnm- 
 ^>a;/ 7/, as prescribed in the fiquad drill, the instructor sub- 
 stitutino^ company for sqvad wherever it occurs, 
 
 § 224. At the preparatory connnand in firing, the capr 
 tain ^vill prompt]}' place himself opposite the centre of his 
 company, and four paces in rear of the line of file closers ; 
 the covering sorgeant will retire to that line, and place 
 himseif opposite to his interval, This rule in general, for 
 Jjoth the captain and covering sergeant, in all the differ- 
 ent fitrlnns. 
 
 fo Fire by tlie rear rank, 
 
 \. I'ace hy the rear rank 2. Compaijy. 
 3. ABOUT-FACE. 
 
 § 225. At the first command, the captain \vill step out 
 and place hiniself near to, and lacihg the right fde of his 
 company; the covering seigcant, and f;le cl users, will passt 
 C[uickly through the captain's interval, and place them- 
 selves faced to tho rear, the covering sergeant a pace be^ 
 hind the captain, and the file closers tv»'o }>aces from the 
 front rank, opposite to their places in line, each passing be- 
 hind the covering sergeant. ^ 
 
 § 22G. At thiril conim.and, which wdl be given at the 
 instant tlie last file closer shall have pas.^ed through the 
 interval, the company will face about ; the captain will 
 place himself in his interval in the rear rank, now become 
 the front, and the covering sergeant will cajv-er him in the 
 front rank, now become the rear. 
 
 • § 227. Faced by the rear rank, the dilTerent firings will 
 be executed in the manner already prescribed. I'he fire by 
 file will commence on the left of the company, now become 
 the right ,■ and in the fire by rank, the firing will com- 
 |ili.ei)c/? with tlie front rank, now become tho rear 
 
49 THE COMPANY. 
 
 To resume the proper front, the .instructor will com- 
 mand: 
 
 1. Face l)y the front rank. 2. Company. 3. ABOUT- 
 FACE. 
 
 I 22K At the first command, the captain, covering ser- 
 geant and lile^ closers, will conform to what is prescribed 
 in §?.!225 and 2*26. A^ the third command the company 
 having faced about, the captain and covering sergeant will 
 resume their places in line. 
 
 To aclyance in line of Ijattle. 
 
 § 229. The company being in line and correctly aligned, 
 to march it by the front, the instructor willv cause a ser- 
 geant to' take position six paces in advance of the captain, 
 This advance.cl sergeant, who is charged with the direction, 
 will take two points on the ground in the straight line to 
 the fi'ont to direct his course. 
 
 The. instructor wilfthen command : 
 
 1. Company, forward. 2 MARCil. 
 
 ^ 230, At the command 7m7'cJi, the comj^any will step 
 off with hfc. The directing se^eant will c)b'serve;>ith the 
 greatest precision, the length ancl cadence of the step, march- 
 ing on th^two points 4^1^ has chosen ; he will take in sucr 
 cession, and a little Ij^re arriving at the pohits nearest to 
 Inm., new points in advance, exactly in the same line with 
 the first two, ffnd at the distance of some fifteen or -twenty 
 paces from eack other. The captain will march steadily 
 in the traces of the directing sergeant, keeping always six 
 paces from hihi. The men will march with the head direct 
 t^^ the front, touch lightly the 6lb(>w towards-the captain, 
 and resist pressure coming from the opposite side. The 
 file closers wUl march at the habitual distance of two paces 
 behind the rear rank. 
 
 If the men lose the step, the instructor will command: 
 *^ To the-STEP. 
 
 § 231, At this the men will glance towards the directing 
 sergeant, retaljQ the step from him, and again direct their 
 e}'es to the fi'ont. ,- .. ' ; 
 
 The iiistruct®r, wishing to halt the company, will com-s 
 
 rnand: * ^ " m 
 
 8. CompanyV 2. HALT; ^ 
 
THE COMPANY. 43 
 
 § 232. At thf second comman<l, the company \vlll 
 fialt. TJie clirecting sergc;uit will remain in advance, 
 unless ordered to return to the line of file clos(^r8> The 
 captain Avill then rectily the alignment, by the commands 
 and according to the principle:^ prcicribedj ^ 2o. 
 
 To Biarcli in retreut. 
 
 § 233. The company being halted and correctly align- 
 ed, to cause it to inarch in retreat, the instructor will 
 place the directing sergeant six paces in rear of the line • 
 of file closers and in. tliesanie straight line with the cov- 
 ering sergeants, and will then co]nmaf^ :-, 
 
 I. Company. 2. ABOUT-FACE. 
 The company and (m'ecting oliicer havmg faced to tho 
 rear, 'the instructor will command : 
 
 3. Company, forward, 
 
 § 234. At tills command, the coverijig sergeant will 
 Btep mto the line of file closers, opposite to his interval, 
 and the captain will place himself in the rear rank, now 
 become the. front. '' '' ^ 
 
 This being done, the ia?tructor will command: 
 4. MARCH. 
 
 § 235. At thjg, the directini; sergeant, the captain and 
 the men, will c^hf<irm themselves to what is prescribed, 
 I 230. 
 
 To halt the company and face it to the front, the in- 
 structor Vvill command: , 
 
 1. CompjiJiy, halt. 2. ABOUT-FACE. 
 
 § 236. As soon as the company is faced to the front,^ 
 tlio captain, covering serge^int, and directing s«rgeant 
 will resume their places in line. 
 
 Oblique ir.arch in line of foa'tle. 
 
 The company being in the direct march, either advanc- 
 ing or retiring in line, to cause it to march obliquely, tlie 
 iriatruci or will command, : 
 
 1. R'sU-t (or left) oJ)!iqne. 2. T>i.\ llClf. 
 
 § 237. At the-command march, the company will take > 
 the obliqrie step, and execute Ihe movement as prsjscribedi 
 
44 THL COMPANY. 
 
 ^ 238. lu tbe oblique ninreli tlie men not havinfr th« 
 touch of elbows, tbe guide will always be on the side to- 
 wards which the oblique is made, without any indication 
 to,that efFeet bein>2: friveii, and when the direct march is 
 resumed, the guide will bo, e{|ually without iiidication, on 
 the side vvhere it was pre\ious to the oblique. 
 
 To resume the direct march, the instructor will com- 
 piaud : 
 
 1. Forwara. J?. MARCH. 
 
 § 2o9. At the coramaud viarch the company will take 
 the <iirect step. 
 
 § 2-tO. The company should now be caused to execute 
 the following commands according to the principles pre<- 
 scribed in the squad drill-: 
 
 I. 31ark time. «. MARCH. 
 
 J. Forward. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. Common time, 2. MARCH. 
 
 I. Double quick. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. (Inick time. 2. MAuCH. 
 
 i. Change step. 2. MARiiH. 
 
 1. Ri,?ht a])out. 2. MARCH. 
 
 1. Right about. 2. HAI/r. 
 
 § 211. The company when marching in double quicl^ 
 t!me should be caused to bring their pieces to right fdioul' 
 der shift arms, and the distance between the ranks shoukl 
 be twenty-six inches. Whfiu the pieces are carried on the 
 right shoulder, in quick time, the distance between the 
 ranks should be sixteen inches. 
 
 § 242^ Whenever tne company is hnlted, the men will 
 bring their pieces at once to a shoulder at the command, 
 luilt ; and tlie rear rank will close tu its proper distance 
 of. thirteen inches. 
 
 These rules are general. 
 
 To march by the right flauk. 
 
 The company being in line, at a lialt, and each rank 
 having counted off by twos, the instructor will command; 
 
 J. Cpmjpaiiy, ri^ht-FACF, 2. Forward-MARCHr 
 
THE COMrANY. 45 
 
 I 243. At the first command, tlie company will face 
 to the right, the covering sergeant will jilace himself at 
 the head of the front rank, the captain having stepped out 
 for the purpose, so far as to find himself b}- the side of the 
 sergeant, and on his left ; the front rank will double as is 
 prescribed, § 39 ; the rear rank will, at the same time, side 
 step to the right one pace, and double in the same manner, 
 so that when tlie movement is completed, the files will bo 
 formed of four men aligned, and elbow to elbow. The 
 intervals will be preserved. The file closers \\\\\ also move 
 by side step to tlie right, so that when the^ranks are formed, 
 they will be two paces from the remotest rank. 
 
 I 244. At the command march, the company will move 
 off briskly in quick time ; the covering sergeant at the 
 head of tlie^ront rank, and the captain on his left, will 
 march straight forward. The men of each file will march 
 abreast of their respective front rank men, heads direct to 
 the front ; the file closers will march opposite to their places 
 in line of battle. 
 
 To cause the march by the left flank, the company being 
 if line and at a halt, thL' comm.and is : 
 
 1. Company, left-FACE. 2. Forward-MARCK. 
 
 I 245. At the first command, the con>pany will face 
 to the left; the ranks will double as prescribed, §41:*' 
 the rear rank will side step to the left one pace before 
 doubling. The left guide Vs-jll place himself at the head 
 of the front rank ; the captain will pass rapidly to the 
 left, and place himself by the right side of this guide; the 
 covering sergeant will replace tlie captain in the front 
 rank, the mou:ient the latter cjuits if to go to the left. At 
 the conmiand mav.h, the company will move (vtf in cpiick 
 time. 
 
 To halt the company marching b}- the flank to face it 
 to the front, the instructor will command : 
 
 1. Company. 2. HALT. 3. FRONT. 
 
 *If the instructor wish the company to face to the riglit or 
 left, without doubling tiles, he must caution them to that etTect. 
 The above coiuman Js might be varied thus : Convpanyy two 
 ranke, r'wM (or l<''ft)-Y kqv:. 
 
40 THE COMPAInY. 
 
 § 2-4G. 11 le second and third comman4s' will be. exe- 
 cuted as prescribed, ^ 42" and 43. As soon as tlie fdes 
 have und()ul)lcd, the rear rank will close to its proper 
 dih^tance. The Captain, and covering sergeant, as well as 
 the left guide, if.-.the march be by^ the left Hank, will re-*, 
 turn to their habitual places in line at the instant the cr-m- 
 pany faces to the front. The captain \vl!l^'ectify the align- 
 ment. 
 
 The company 'being faced by Hank and cither in march, 
 or at a halt; to cau^e it to change direction by fiie, tlio in- 
 .structor will commaaid : 
 
 1/ By iiie left (or right.) 2, MARCH. 
 
 . S 247. At the commi^d marc%^Qi ^vst file v.'ill w'heel ; 
 if to tlie side of the front rank man, the latLa* mil take 
 care not' to turn at once, but to describe a slrorf^rc of a 
 circle, shortening 9, little the first live cr six stejis, in order 
 to give time to the 'fourth yian of this tile- to confurm him- 
 self to the movement. If to the r.ide.of ,thc rear rank, the 
 front rank man will wheel in -the step of twenty-eight 
 inches', i'fnd thf' fourth "man will conform himself* to the 
 movement by describing tlie short arc of a circle as has 
 been explained. Each file will come to wheel on the same 
 g.ri.)UTid Avhere that v.'hich pi-eccded it \v]n ■ ^ 
 
 The company being iii march by the i . to form 
 
 it qh the right by file into line of battle, the nj^ii'Ueior will 
 command : 
 
 1. On the right^ by file into Hue. 2. MAK.CH. 
 
 §24g. -At the command viarch, the rear . rank men, 
 doubledj will mark time ; the captain and the covering ser- 
 geant will turn to '•the right, tnarch straight forward, and 
 be halte*^ }^' the instructor when they shall have. passed at 
 least six paces beyond the rank of file closers ; tlie captjiin 
 Avill place himself, correctly on the line of battle, and will 
 direct the alignm^'nt, as the -men of the front rank sucTcs- 
 !;,ivel^fc^Tive; the covering i5ergeaft:\t will ;|^)lace himself 
 bchindtne captain, at the distance of the rear rank. .The 
 two men oivthe right of the front raidvxloablcd, will con- 
 tinue to march, and passing beyo^id the co\'ering sergeant 
 and the captain, vali turn to the right; after turning, 
 
• THE COMPAXT. . 47 
 
 thev ^vill continue to march elbow to elbow, and 
 direct, thejuselvcs towards the line of battle, but when 
 they shall arrive at two paces from this line, the 
 even number wfll shorten the step sc^ that the odd 
 number may precede him (.n the line,-» the odd num-^ 
 her placing' himself by .the side and on the left of 
 the captain ; th(*iyen number will afterwarrl.s oblique 
 to the left, and place himself on the left of the odd num- 
 ber. Tho ncxt'tv/<f mon of the fror.t rank doubled, will 
 pass in the same manner bejiind the tw9.tirst. turn then 
 to the right and [>lace themselves, according to the 
 means just explained, to the left, and by the side of. the 
 two men already established on the line ; thejemaining 
 tiles of this rank .will follow in succession and be form- 
 ed to t^e left in the same manner. The rear rank 
 drsublecl^Avill. execute the movement in the maniier 
 already explained for the front rank, taking cane to 
 mark time^until four men of the front rank are estab- 
 lished on the line of battle, and as 4hey arrive on the 
 line, to cover accurately their file leaders. 
 
 If the company be marching by the left flank, to cause 
 it to form by life on the left-into line of battle, the com- 
 mand is : 
 
 1.^^11 the left, by file into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ^249. At tho comniand marcJi, the same movements 
 will be made to the left ; the files coming into line on 
 the right of the captain, and left guide, and the odd num- 
 bers shortening the step, so tliat the even numbers may 
 precede them on the line. The captain dnd left guide 
 willj:cturn to their places in line of battle as soon as the 
 company is formed and aligned. 
 
 -If the company be marchi.rig by the right flan=}f, and 
 the instructor should wish to undouble the files, he will 
 command : 
 
 1. In two ranks, uudauMe files. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ^ 250. At the command march, the old numbers will 
 continue to march straight forward, the even numbers 
 will shorten tlie step, and obliquing to the left vv'ill place 
 themselves prom].;tly behind the odd numbers: the rear 
 rank men will gain*^a step to the left, and re-take the 
 ouch, of elbows. 
 
43 THE COMPANY. 
 
 ^ 2")1. If iiie company be inarchingbj the left flank, it 
 will be llic even nnmijers who will conlinue to inarch 
 forward, and the odd numbers who will niidouble. 
 To cause the files to be doubled, the command is: 
 1, In four ranks, doxible files. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 252. At the command inarch, the files will doubl^ 
 in the manner as explained, when the company faces 
 by the right or left flank. 
 
 Post of Officers in Column. 
 
 , § 253. In column'ly company, the captain is two paces 
 in front of the centre ot his company ; the first ser- 
 geant on the right of the front rank, and is the right 
 guide of the company ; the second sergeant on the left 
 of the front rank, and is the left guide of the company. 
 
 §254. In cohimnJ)]/ 'platoon, tlie captain comuinads 
 the first platoon, the first lieutenant the second platoon: 
 each two paces in front of the ccntreof his platoon; the 
 first sergeant is tlie guide of the first platoon : theseconcl 
 sergeant is the guide of the second platoon : they will be 
 unless otherwise ordered, on the left of the front rank of 
 their respective platoon, if .th^ column 'to be right in 
 front, and on the right, if the left be in front. In the 
 route step, the chiefs of platoons take the place of the 
 guides on the directing flank, and are covered by the lat- 
 ter in the rear raidf. 
 
 ^ 255. In column hy section, the captain commands 
 the first section : the first lieutenant the third ; the se- 
 cond lieutenant the second; and the third lieutenant the 
 fourth section ; each two paces in front of the centre of 
 his section ; the first sergeant is the guide of the -first' 
 section, the second sergeant is the guide of W^.e fourth; 
 the third sergeant is guide of the third ; and the fourth 
 sergeant i^ guide of the second section ; ench on the left 
 of the front rank of his section, if the column be right 
 in front, and on the right, if the left be in front. In the 
 route step, the chiefs of sections take the place of the 
 guides on the directing flank, and are covered by the 
 latter in the rear rank. 
 
 ^ 256. In cohimn by company, platoon or section, the 
 file closers, not otlierwise provided for, are in their pro- 
 
THE COAiPANY. 49 
 
 per places beliintl the rear rank of their respective sub- 
 divisions. 
 
 Movement^ iu Columu. 
 
 The company being in march by the right flank, the 
 instructor, wishing to form it into line, as a subdivision of 
 column, will command: 
 
 1. By comiiauy, into line. 2, MARCH. 
 
 ■? 257. At the command march^ the covering sergeant 
 will continue to march straight forward; the men will ad- 
 vance the right shoulder, take the double quick step, and 
 move into line, by tlie shortest route, taking care to un- 
 double the files, and come on the line one after another. 
 As the front i-ank men successively arrive in line with the 
 covering sergeant, they will take the step from him, and 
 then turn their eyes to the front. — The rear rank will can- 
 form to the movements of their respective file leaders. The 
 captain as soon as the company is formed will coinmand 
 (juide left, place himself before the centre, face to the 
 front and take the step of the company. At the command 
 guide left, the second serg-eant will promptlv place him- 
 self in the front rank, on the lef'^ t ) serve as*guide. 
 
 § 258. The company being in march by the left flank, 
 this movement will be executed by the same commands, 
 and according to the same principles; the company being 
 formed, the captain will command f/uide right; the cov- 
 ering sergeant on the right of the front rank will serve as 
 guide, and the second sergeant, placed on the left flank, 
 will remain there. 
 
 The company marching by the flank, the instructor will 
 cause it to form platoons by the command : 
 
 1. By platoon, into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 ^259. This movement will be executed by each pla- 
 toon according to the above principles. Both the captain, 
 and lieutenant, at the instant their respective platoons are 
 formed, will command o-?/?<^^ Z<^/6, (or right): when the 
 guide of each platoon will pass rapidly to the indicated 
 flank of the platoon, if not already there. 
 
 If the instructor wish to exercise the company in pars- 
 ing from the march by the front to the march by the 
 
 3 
 
r'yO THE COMPA.Vr, 
 
 ilanlc, or from the march by tho flanl^ to tlio march hy 
 the front, in either case, he will employ the command ; 
 
 1. Company by the right (cr left) flank. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 200. The company will face to the right or left, in 
 marchinc^, in the manner prescribed § 45, and the captain, 
 the guides and file elosers, will conform themselves to 
 what is prescribed for each in the march by the flank, or 
 in the march by the front of a company supposed to be a 
 subdivision of a colnmn. If, after facing to the right or 
 left in marching, the company find itself faced by the rear 
 rank, the captain will place himself two paces behind the 
 centre of the front rank, now in the rear, the guides will 
 pass to the rear rank, now leading, andthe file closers 
 will march in front of this rank. 
 
 If the company be marching in column by platoon, the 
 right in front, and the instructor should wish it to march by 
 the flank in the same direction, he will command : 
 
 1. Column, by the right flaiik. «. By file left. 
 3. M\RCII. 
 
 § 2G1. At the second command, each chief ofplatqon 
 and its guide will pass rapidly to the right l^ankto conduct 
 it. At the command march^ each platoon will face to the 
 right in marching, wheel by file to the left and then march 
 straightforward; the leading tile of the second platoon will 
 unite with the rear file of the first; the chief and guide of 
 the second a pace before the union, will pass through the 
 interval to their places as file closei-F. 
 
 ^ 262. With the left in front, the movement will be ex- 
 ecuted by inverse means, substituting in the command 
 left for right and right for hjt. The captain, (if a halt be 
 not immediately commanded,) will replace the first lieut- 
 enant and conduct the left flank, and the covering sergeant 
 will return to his place on the right flank, now the 
 The company being at a halt in line of battle, the instruct- 
 or, wishing it to break into column, by platoon to the " 
 will cOinmand : 
 
 1. By platoon, right-wheel. 2. MARCH 
 
 § 263. At the first command the chiefs of platoon will 
 
 geant 
 rear. | 
 truct- J 
 right, 1 
 
THE COMPANY SI 
 
 rnpirlly place themselves two paces before the centr:s of 
 their resjective platoons, the lieutenant passing avou d 
 the left of the company, (ami caution theni as to theiuleS 
 for wheeling from a halt.) The covering sergeant v\ ill 
 replace the captain in the front rank. At the comm: nd 
 march, the right front rank man of each platoon will face 
 to the right, the coverng sergeant standing fast ; the chief 
 of each plat)on will move quickly by the shortest line, a 
 little beyond the point at which the mar<:hing flank will 
 rest when the wheel shall be completed, face to the late 
 roar, and plac3 himself so that the line which he forms 
 with the man on the right (who has faced) shall be per- 
 pendicular to that occupied by the company in line of 
 battle ; each platoon will wheel according to the principles 
 prescribed § S"?, find when the man who conducts the 
 mar.diing fiank shall approach within three paces of the 
 perpendicular, its chief will command, Platoon^ Halt. 
 
 At this command, the platoon will halt; the covering 
 sergeant will move to the point where the left of the 
 platoon is to rest, passing by the front rank ; the second 
 sergeant will place himself in like manner, in respect to 
 the second platoon. Each will leave, between himself and 
 the man on the right of his platoon, a space e<|ual to iis 
 front; each chief being assured thai the guide of his 
 platoon is thus established on the perpendicular, will step 
 back two pace>', and command, X^•/t-DKE><s. The align- 
 ment being ended, each chief will command Front, and 
 place himself before the centre of his platoon. 
 
 § 264. The company will break by platoon to the left 
 according to the same principles, and by inverse means. 
 The commands are : 
 
 1. By platoon, left whef I. 2. MARCH. 3. Platoon. 
 
 4. HALT. 5. Right-DRESS. G. FIJONT. 
 
 To march in column. 
 
 The company having broken by platoon, right (or left), 
 jn front, if the instructor wish the column to march, he 
 will command : 
 
 1. Colu:nn forward. 2. Guiile left (or right). 
 
 3. illAUCIi. 
 
52 THE COMPANY. 
 
 § 265. At the coinmaiu] mnrch. pmnptly repeated ly 
 the chiefs of platoon, tlicwi.ole will s-tep oil' together. Tic 
 men will eacli feel lightly the elbow of his neiglibor to- 
 wards the guide, and conform himself in niarchii^.g to the 
 principles prescribed in the squad diill. The man nextto 
 the guide in each platoon will take care never to pass hiin, 
 and also to march about six inches to the right (or left) 
 from him. The leading guide will observe with'piecision, 
 the length and cadence of the step, and maintain thediiec- 
 tion of his march by the means prcscrilcd § 230. Tl e 
 guide of the following platoon will march exactly in the 
 trace of the leading one, preserviig- between the latter and 
 himself a distance precisely equal to the front of his pla- 
 toon, and marching in the same step with the leading 
 guide. 
 
 § 266. If t'le company be broken into column hy sec- 
 tion it will be put in march by the same commands and 
 acccrding to the same principles. 
 
 To change direclion of the colwmii. 
 
 § 267. Change of direction while marching will be 
 executed as a general rule, by wheeling. '\\'henever, 
 therefore, the diiection of the column is to be changed^ 
 the instructor will change the guide, if not already thei e, 
 to the .ilank opposite to the side, to which the change is 
 to be made. 
 
 § 268. The column beiiifr in march right in front, if 
 the instructor wish to change diiection to the left, he will 
 send a marker to the ]iointat which the change is to be 
 made, who will i)lnce himself on the diiection of the guides 
 so as to present the breast tn that Hank of the column. 
 He will then command, 6'w/c7t-RjGH r, and direct the chief 
 of the lirst i)latoon to lead the licad of column to theleft. 
 "When the leading guide shall have approached witliin 
 four paces of the n)aiker (or m heeling point), the chief of 
 the first platoon wiU command : 
 
 1. Jeft Mhccl. 
 
 A\ the instant the guide shall have arrived cpposite the 
 maiker (or wheeling point), the chief of the platoon will 
 command : 
 
 2. MARCH, 
 
THE COMPANY, 6S 
 
 At this, the platoon will wheel to tlie left. The wheel 
 being nearly' finished, the chief (^f the platoon will cojii- 
 mand : 
 
 S. Forward. 
 And when completely finished, he will a^nimand > 
 
 ^. MARCH. 
 At which the platoon will march straight forward in the 
 new direction ; whem the chicif wiii immecHatel y command : 
 
 5. Ciiidc^IiEFT. 
 
 At this, the guide will shift to the left, passing ia frou;t 
 of the platoon and in rear of its chief, 
 
 ' § 2G9. The second i)latoon will continue to march 
 straight forward till iiu \rith the marker, when it will wheel 
 to the left, and retake the direct march by the same com- 
 mands and the same njeaus ^'hich governed the first pla- 
 toon. 
 
 ^ 270. The column being in march right in front, the 
 change of direc4;ion to the right by wheeling will be executr 
 (■i\ according to tlie sanie principles but by inverse means. 
 
 § 271. Tlie changes of direction in a column, left ia 
 front, ^^'ill be executed, acconling to the same principles. 
 
 To Jialt the column, and to form to the right or left 
 
 into line, either at a halt or on the march. 
 
 The cokitnn being in march, right in ffont, to halt it, the 
 instructor will coinmand : 
 
 J. Cplumit^ Z. HAi/r. 
 
 § 272. At the second command, promptl}- repeated by 
 the chiefs of platoon, the column will halt ; the guides also 
 will standfast, although th'-y may have lost both distance 
 and direction. 
 
 Tlie instructor wishing to form it into a line, will place 
 himself at platoon distance in front of the leading guide, face 
 to him and rectify, if necessary, the position of the guide bcs- 
 yond : which being executed, he will command: 
 
 l.eft-DRE^S. 
 
 ^ 273. At this command, which will not be repeated by 
 (the chiefs of platoon, each of them will place himself briskly 
 
54 THE COMPANY. 
 
 two paces otitsiele of his guide, and direct the alignment of 
 the platoon perpendicularly to the direction of the column. 
 Each chief, having aligned his platoon, will conmiand Fro^'t, 
 ^nd return quickly to his place in cohunn. The instructor 
 Avill then conmiand : 
 
 1. Left into line, wlieel. '1. MARCH, 
 
 I 274. At the command march, briskly i-epeated b}- tlie 
 chiefs of platoon, the front rank man on the left of each ]>la- 
 toon will face to the left, and place his breast lightly against 
 ;the arm of the guide by his side, who stands fast ; the pla- 
 toons will wheel to the left on the principle of wheels from 
 a halt. Each chief will turn to Ins j^latoon to observe its 
 movement, and wln-n the marching flftnk of his platoon is 
 three paces from the line^he will command: 1. PlMooi}. 
 2. Halt. The chii.'f yf the second platoon having halted it, 
 will innnediately return to his phice as a file Closer, passing 
 around the left. Tlie captnin will tlien move rapidly to the 
 point at v.diich the right of the company Avill.rest in the line 
 of battle and ccmmand : ii'/j/AZ-DuEss. At this command 
 the two platoons will dress up on the alignment. The 
 company being aligned, the captain will command : Fhont;; 
 and the instructor, seeing the company in line of battle will 
 p<jmniand : 
 
 Guides-POSTS. 
 
 At this, the covering sergeant Avill cover the captain and 
 the left giiide will return to his place as a file closer. 
 
 § 275. If the left be in front, the company will bo 
 formed to the right into line, upon the same principles and 
 by inverse means. The instructor will conm^and: 1. Uifjlit 
 into line, 'wheel. 2. Mai.ch. The captain, having halted 
 the first platoon, will go to the point, at which the left of 
 the company will rest in line, and give the command: Left- 
 Dee.ss: seeing both platoons aligned, he will add Front ; 
 and at the command, GuUr^S'Voa'fS, given 'by tlie instruci 
 tor, the captain will promptly shift to the right of thecom-s 
 pany. 
 
 § 27G. If the column be marching right in front, to 
 form it into line without halting the colunm, the instructor 
 will give the command?? proscribed § 273. At the com- 
 mand march jhrialdy re])eated by the chiefs of platoon, the left 
 guides will halt shor^ the instructor, tliQ cluefs of jplatooja 
 
THE COMPANY. OQ 
 
 and the plaoons, t\'ill conform to wliat is prescribed, § 274. 
 
 § 277. If the column be in march left in front, this for- 
 mation will be made, according to the same principles and 
 by inverse means. - 
 
 § 278, If the colnmn be marching right in front, to 
 form it into lino without halting, and to march the conit 
 pany in line to the front, the command is: 
 
 J. By platoons, left wheel. 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the commancTw n'c7/j briskly repeated by the- chiefs 
 of platoon, the left guides will halt: the man next to the 
 left guide in each platoon will mark time; the phUoonswill 
 wheel to the left, conforming to the principles of the wheel 
 on a fixed pivot. When the right of the platoons shall 
 arrive near the line of battle, the instructor will cuni- 
 mand : 
 
 3. Forward. 4. MARCH. 5. Guide rig^lit (or left.) 
 
 At the fourth command, given at the instant the wheel 
 is completed, the company will move off together, the 
 captain, the chief of the second platoon, the covering ser- 
 geant, and the left guide will ^ake their positions as ii^ 
 line of battle. At the fifth command, to be given im- 
 mediately after the fourth, the captain and covering ser- 
 geant, if not already there, will uiove briskly to the side 
 on which the guide is designated. 
 
 § 279. The same principles q,re applicable to a column 
 ijft in front. 
 
 To hreali the company into platoons. 
 
 The company marching right in front and supposed to 
 make part of a column, to cause it to break by platoon, 
 the instructor will command : 
 
 1. Break iato Platoons 2. MARCH, 
 
 §■ 280. At the first command^ the captain will place him- 
 self before the centre of the first platoon, and give the 
 qaiition: 1 First yJa'oon^ %'. Forward-, the first lieutenant 
 will pass quickly around the left to the centre of his ph\- 
 toon, and give the caution : 1. Seconl platoon, '1, Alarh 
 t m \ At the command march, promptly repeated by the 
 captain and first lieutenant, the first platoon will continue 
 to march straightforward — the covering sergeant, as soon 
 
00 THE COMPANY. 
 
 as the flank is disenga;?e(l, will shift to the left flank 
 of this platoon, the second platoon will begin to mark time, 
 audits chief will immediately add: 1, Bight oblique. '2, 
 Maucii. The last command will be given so that this 
 platoon may commence obliquing the instant the rear 
 rank of the first platoon shall have passed. 
 
 The gnide of the second platoon being near the di- 
 rection of the guide of the first, the chief of the second will 
 command; 1. !Por«^an/, and add, 2. March, the instant 
 that the guide of his platoon shall cover tlfe ouide of the 
 first. 
 
 ^ 2S1. In a column, left in front, the company \Vill 
 break into platoons by inverse means, applying to the first 
 platoon all that has been prescribed for the second, and re- 
 ciprocally.. In this case, the left guide of the company 
 will shift to the ri^-ht flank of the second platoon, and the 
 covering sergeant will rtimaiu on the right of the first. 
 
 To re-form the companj'^* 
 
 The column, by platoon^ being in march, right in front, 
 to form company, the instructor will command: 
 I. Form Company. 2, MARCH. 
 
 § 2S2j At the first command, tlie captain will give the 
 caution: ]. f\rd platoon, 2. Iiigh/. ohligne; the first 
 lieutenant will give the caution: \. Second platoon. I.For-i 
 ward. At the command marcli, promptly repeated by the 
 captain and first lieutenant, the first platoon will oblique 
 to the right in order to unm; sk th ) second — the covering 
 sergeaut will return to the right of the company — and the 
 second will coiitinue to march straight forward. When 
 the first platoon shall have nearly unmasked the Second, the 
 paptain will command: \ . }farlc time, and at the instaut 
 the unmaskiag shall be complete, he v/ill add; 2. March. 
 The second platoon having coutinuod to maix;h straight for-: 
 ward, Avhen it shall be nearly up with the first, the captain 
 will command: ?>, Compn'ny, A. Forward, and at the 
 instant the two platoons shall unite, add: 5. !March ; the 
 first platoon will then cease to mark time-, the whole com- 
 pany will march off together, and the chief of the second 
 platoon Avill pass quickly around the left to his place in 
 the rear of the com pan V. 
 
THE COMPANY. 57 
 
 §. 283. In a column left in front, the same movement will 
 be executed by inverse means. The guide of the second 
 platoon, on its right, -will pass to its left flank, the moment 
 the platoon begins to oblique ; the guide of the first remain- 
 ing on the right flank of his platoon. 
 
 § 284. The com pan}' marching in column by platoon, 
 right (or left) in front, may be broken into sections, and re- 
 formed into platoons, according to the same principles. 
 
 To break files to the rear, and to cause them to re-enter 
 into line. 
 
 The company being in march and constituting part 
 of a column, right in front, to cause files to break off from 
 the left, the instructor will command : 
 
 1. Two files from left to rear. 2. ARCII. 
 
 § 28-5. At the command march, the first two files on the 
 left of the company will mark time, the others will continue 
 to march straight forward ; the two rear rank men of the 
 files will, as soon as the rear rank of the company shall 
 clear them, move to the right b}'' advancing tlic outer shoul- 
 der ; the odd niunbcr will place himself behind the third 
 file from that flank, the even .number behind the fourth", 
 passing for this purpose behind the odd number, the two 
 front rank men Mill,- in like manner, move to the right when 
 the rear rank of the company shall clear them, the odd 
 number will place himself behind the first file, the even 
 number behind the second fil^, j^assing for this purpose be- 
 hind the odd number. 
 
 § 28G. If the instructor should still wit-h to break two 
 files from the same side, he will give the same order ; at the 
 command 'inarch, the files already broken, advancing a little 
 the outer shoulder, will gain the space of two files to the 
 right, shortening, at the sanic time, the step, in order to 
 make room between themselves and the rear rank of the 
 company for the files last ordered to the rear: the latter will 
 break in the same manner as the first. The men who double 
 should increase the length of the step in order to prevctit 
 distances from being lost. 
 
 If the files are broken fr^im the riglit. the command will 
 bo: - . 
 
 1. Two files from the right to rear, «J. MARCH, 
 
58 THE COMPANY. 
 
 § 287. At the command rnairJi, the files will move-to the 
 left, advancing the outer shoulder, the even number of the 
 rear rank will place himself behind- the tliird lilq, the odd 
 number oT the same rank Ix-hind the fourth ; the even ninn- 
 ber of the front rank bcihind the first file, the odd number of 
 the same rank l)ehind tlie second, the odd numbers for this 
 purpose passing behind the even numbers. 
 
 § 288. When the front of the company is thus diminish- 
 ed by breaking off successive groups of two files, the new 
 files must always be broken from the same side. 
 
 If the instructor wish the files broken off to return into 
 line, he Avill command : 
 
 J. Two files into line. 2. MARCH. 
 
 §289. At the command 7?? «?'c7?, the first two files of those- 
 marching by the flank, will return briskly into- line, and the 
 others wiil gain the space of two files by advancing the inner 
 shoulder towards the iiank to wdiich they belong.. 
 
 § 290. On the same principles any number of files may 
 be broken off together, in which case the command, will 
 be; Four 07' six Jilts from the left [or right) to rear; 
 March ; and any number of files may be brought into line 
 at once, by the command: -Four or six file into line: 
 March. Whenever there is on" the right er left of a sub- 
 division, a file which does not belong to a group, it will be 
 broken ofi" and brought into line siiigly. . 
 The Column in Route. 
 
 The company being in march, and supposed to constitute 
 part of a column, if the instructor wish to mv^rch in the 
 route step, he will cominand : 
 
 1. Route step. 2. MARCH. 
 
 § 291. At the command march, repeated by the captain 
 "the front rank will continue the stcj) of twenty-eight inches, 
 the- rear rank will take, l)y gradually shortiiuing the step, 
 the distance of twenty-eight inches from the front rank; 
 the men, without further cominand, will innnediately carry 
 their arms a/^ loiU, ccs indicated in § Ifo. They AviU no 
 longer be required to march in the cadenced jiace, or with 
 the same foot, or to remain silent. 
 
 § 292. The company, inarching in the "route step, its 
 front' may be diuiinislicd by. breaking into platoons or 
 
THE COMPANY. 59 
 
 sections, l)y the sa.^ie commands, and by the same means 
 a=^ if the company were marcliingin tlie cadenced step- 
 When tlie company break;? into pkitoons, thecliicf ofeach 
 will ihove .to the think of ]iis phitoon,and will take the 
 pla(Je df the guide, who will step back into the rear 
 rank. As soon as the ]^latoon3 shall be broken, each 
 chief or'section will [ilace hhiisolf on its directing flank 
 in the front rank ; the guides, who wmII be thus displaced, 
 will fall back into the rear rank ; the file closers -will 
 close up to wiLhin one pace of this rank. The moment 
 the platoons are reformed, the chiefs of the left sections 
 will return to their places as file closers. 
 
 I 293. The company marching in the route step, "the 
 instructor will cause it to change direction, which will be 
 executed without formal commands; on asimple caution 
 from the captain : the rear rank will come up to change 
 direction in the same manner as the front rank. Each 
 rank will conform itself, although in the route step, to 
 the princip'es presecribed for the change in close ranks, 
 with this difference only ; that, in wheeling, the pivot 
 man, instead of taking steps of nine, will taloi steps of 
 fourteen inches, in order to clear the wheeling point. 
 When the company marching in the route step shall halt, 
 the rear rank will close up at the command halt, and 
 the whole will shoulder arms. 
 
 §29-1. The company marching in the route step, to 
 cause it to piss to the cadence step, the instructor will 
 order pieces to be brought to therightshouder, and then 
 connnand: 1. Quick time. 2. MARCH. At the command 
 march, the men will resu^^e the cadenced step, and will 
 close so as to leave a distance of sixteen inches between 
 each rank. The chiefs and guides of sub-divisions w.ill 
 resume their places in column.*'' 
 
 ■^•S )metimes it is desirable to marcli ihe company in the form 
 of the coliiinn in route, but in the caJenced step, iu which cise 
 the instructor will^commiiud: 1. Open. Or er. 2. M.krcu. At the 
 comrnand march, the rear rank will take, by shorteningf the s'ep, 
 the distance of four paces fj-om the front rank ,• each chief of the 
 platoon, or section, will move to the flank of his aubdi vision, and 
 
GO Till-: ro.Mi'ANr. 
 
 Countermarch. 
 
 Tlie compain^ being at a halt and supposed to be. part 
 of a column, riglit in Iront. to cause it to ccunter-nuirch, 
 the instructor will command : 
 
 1. Countermarch. 3. Ctmpany, right-FACE. 
 
 3. By file left 4. MARCH. 
 
 §29'). At the second command, the company will face 
 to the right, the two guides to the right about ; the cap- 
 tain will go to the right of his company, and cause two' 
 files to brc-ak to the roar, and then place himself by the 
 side of the front rank man to conduct him. , At the com- 
 mand march, both guides will stand fast; the company 
 will step oft" smartly: the tlrst file, conducted by the cap- 
 tain, will wheel around the right guide, and direct its 
 march along the front rank so as to arrive behind and 
 two paces from the left guide: each file will come in 
 succession to wheel on the saipe ground, around. the 
 right guide; the loadingfilehavingarrived fit a point op- 
 jiosite to the left guide, the captain will command : 
 
 1. Company. 2, HAI.T. 3, FRONT. 4. Right-DRESS. 
 
 The first command will be given at four paces from 
 the point where the leading file is to rest. The company- 
 will halt at the second command, and at the third it will 
 face to the front. After the fourth command, the captain 
 will step tvo paces outside of the left guide, now on the 
 right, and direct the aligment, so that the front rank 
 may be enclosed between the guides; the company being 
 aligned, he will command Front, and place himself 
 belore the centre of the company as if in column ; tlie 
 guides, passing alongthe front rank, will shift to their 
 proper places, on the right and left ol" that rank. 
 
 § 2'JG. In a column by platoon (or section,) the coun- 
 termarch will be executed by the same commands, and 
 acording to th e same principles ^ the guide of eacJi platoon 
 
 liike tliy place of the glide, who will step Lack to the icar rank> 
 as in the i-oiite step. At the coinnmnds: 1. Chse Order. 2, 
 Mar .'h; the re. r r.ii.k will clcse up and the ch els and guideo of 
 suld,visiuu3 will return' their places in co'umi. 
 
THK COMPANY. 01 
 
 (or section) will face about, and its chief will place him- 
 self by tht^side of the file on the right to conduct it. 
 
 § 297. In a column left in front, iJie command vvill be 
 executed by inverse commands and means, but according 
 to the same principle's. Thus, the movement will be 
 made by the right flank of subdivisions, if the right be in 
 front, and by tbe left flank, if the left be in front; in 
 both cases the subdivisions will wheel by file to the side 
 of the front rank. 
 
 The column bciiie; in march, to form on the rig^ht (or 
 left) into line of battle. 
 
 The column by pla'pon, right in front, being in march, 
 to form it on the right into line of battle, the instructor 
 will command : 
 
 1. On the right into line. 2. Guide-right. 
 
 § 298. At the second command, the guide of each 
 platoon will sliift quickly to its right flank ; the column 
 will continue to march straightforward; the instructor 
 will move briskly (or send a marker) to the point at 
 which the right of the company ought forest in line, and 
 place himself facing the point of" direction to the left 
 which he will choose, The head of the column being 
 ■nearly opposite to the insiructor, the cliief of the first 
 platoon will command : 1. RigJtl turyi ; and when exactly 
 opposite to that point, he will add : Marck7 At this 
 command, the first platoon will turn to the right in con- 
 formity to the princii»fcs prescribed, § GO; its guide will 
 so direct his march as to bring the front rank man, next 
 on his left, opposite to the instructor; the chief of the 
 platoon will march before its centre, and when its guide 
 sh-all be near the line, he will command : 1. Platoon. 2. 
 Halt. At this command, which will be given a-t the 
 instant the fight of the platoon shall arrive at the dis- 
 tance of three paces from the line of battle, the platoon 
 Avill Jadt ; the files not yet in line will come up promptly. 
 The guide will throw liimself on the line of battle, oppo- 
 site to one of the three left files of his platoon, and face 
 to the instructor, who will align him on the point of di- 
 rection to the left. The chief of platoon will, as soon 
 as he sees all the files of the platooo in line, command ; 
 
G2 , THE COMPAXy. 
 
 § 200. The second platoon will continue to march 
 straight forward, until its guide-" sliall arrive opposite to 
 the left file of the firi?t ; it ^vill then turn to the right at 
 the command of its chief, and mtirch towards the line of 
 battle, its guide directing himselfon the left file of fh'sfc 
 platoon. Tlie guidfe having arrived at the distance of 
 three paces, from the line of buttle, tiiis platoon v/ill be 
 halte<i, as prescribed for.the first ; at the instant it halts, 
 its guide will spring on the line of battle, opposite to one 
 of the three lelt files of his platoon, and will he assured 
 in his position by the instructor. The chief of the second' 
 platoon, seeing all its files in lijie', and its guide estab- 
 lished on the direction, will command; M^ght-Dress ; and 
 then return to his place as a tile closes, passing around 
 the left. The second platoon having aligned itself on 
 the first, the captain will cohimand : Feoxt. 
 
 The movement ended the insti'uctor will command; 
 Guides-POST.S. 
 
 § 300. At this, the two guides will return to their places 
 in line of battle. 
 
 § 301. A column by platoon, It- ft in front, will form on 
 the left into line of battle, according to the same princi- 
 ples, and by inverse means, applying to the second platoon 
 what is prescribed lor the first, and reciprocally. The 
 chief of the second platoon having aligned it from the 
 left, will retire to his place as'a^file closer. The captain 
 having- halted the first ])]atoon three paces behind the 
 line of b:ittle, will go to the same point to align this 
 platoon, and then command : Front. At the command, 
 guides-posts, g'w en by the instructor, the captain will 
 shift to his proper flank and the guides take their places 
 in rhe line of battle. 
 
 Formation of a company from two ranks into four, and 
 reciprocally, at a lialt, and in march. 
 
 The company being in two ranks, at a halt, and sup" 
 posed to form part of a column right in front, the instruc- 
 tor, wishing to form it into four ranks, will command : 
 1. In four ranks, form company. 2. Company, left- 
 FACE. 3. MARCH (or double quick-MAiiCH.) 
 § 302. At the second command, the left guide will 
 remain faced to the front. thsGompany will face to the left, 
 
THE COMPANY. C3 
 
 and double files as prescribed, § 41. At the command 
 march, the first file of four men will re-face to the front 
 without undoubling. All the other files of four will step 
 05:', and closing successivel}: fo about five inches of the 
 preceding file, will halt, and immediately face.to the 
 front, the men remaining doubled. The file closers will 
 take their places at two paces in rear of the fourth rank. 
 
 The company being in four ranks, if the instructor- wish 
 to form it into two ranks, he will command : 
 1. In t'.vo ranks, form compauj-. 2. Company, rig-ht- 
 
 FACE. 3. MAPCH (or double quick MAKCH.) 
 
 § 303. At the second command, the left guide will 
 stand fast, the company will face to the right. At the 
 command vmrch, the right guide will step off and,m arch 
 in the prolongation of the front rank. The leading file 
 of ibur men will step ofl* at tlie same time, the other 
 files standing fast ; the second files will step oli when 
 there shall be between it and the first space sufficient to 
 form into two ranks. The following files will execute 
 successively what has been prescribed for the second. 
 As soon as the last file shall have its distance, the in- 
 structor will command : 1. Company. 2. Ham. 3. Front, 
 At the command front, the company will face to the 
 front, and the files will undouble. 
 
 The company being in two ranks and marching to the 
 front, if the instructor wish to form it into four ranks, 
 he will command : 
 
 1. In four ranks, form company. 2. Ily<he left double 
 tiles. 3. MAtlCH (or double quick-MARCIf.) 
 
 § 304. At the command march, the left guide and the 
 left file of the company will continue to march straight 
 to the front: the company will make a half face lo the 
 left, the odd numbers placing themselves behind the even 
 numbers. The even numbers of the rear rank will 
 shorten their step to permit the oJd numbers of the 
 front rank lo get beUveen them and th.e even numbers 
 of that rank. Tlic mes thus formed of fours, except the 
 left file, will continue to march obliquely, lengthening 
 their steps slightly, so, as to keep constantly abreast of 
 the guide ; each file Will close successive! v on the file next 
 
(il THE COMPANY. 
 
 on its left, and Avhen at ,tlje proper dlstfince from that 
 file, will lace to the front by a hiilf face to the right, and 
 take the touch of elbows to- the left. 
 
 Tiie company being in march to the front in four 
 ranks, if the instructor wish to form it into two ranks, 
 lie will command: 
 
 1. In'two ranks, form company. 2. By the right, un- 
 clouble ftles. 3. MARCH (or tloublc quick-MAUCH). 
 
 § 305. At the command march, the left guide and the 
 left file ot the company will continue to march straight 
 to the front, the company will make a half face to the 
 right and march obliquely, lengthening the step a little, 
 in order to kec|», as near as possible, abreast of the guide. 
 As soon as the secuiid file from the left shall have gain- 
 ed to the right the interval necessary i'ot the left file to 
 forrii into j^two ranks, the second file will face to the 
 front by a half face to the left and march straight for- 
 ward : the left file will immediately forni into two ranks, 
 and take the touch of elbows to the left. Each file will 
 execute successively what has just been prescribed for 
 the file next to the left, and each file will form into two 
 ranks, when the fil«next on its right has obliqued the 
 required distance and faced to the fro-.t. ^."i: 
 
 § 300. If the company be supposed to make part of a 
 column, left in front, these different movements will be 
 executed according to the same princi}dcs and by in- 
 verse means, substituting the indication left fur right. 
 
MANUAL EOR RIFLEMEN, 65 
 
 MANUAt OF ARMS FOR RIFLEMEN, 
 
 Position of Shoulder-ARMS. 
 
 The piece in the right hand — the barrel nearly vertical 
 and resting in the hollow of the shoulder — the guard to 
 the front, the arm hanging at nearly its iull length near 
 the body ; the thumb and forefinger embracing the guard, 
 the remaining fingers closed together, and grasping the 
 evvell of the stock just under the'cock. which rests qn thp 
 little finger. 
 
 Present- ARMS. [Tivo motions.] 
 
 One. With the right hand bring the piece before the 
 centre of the body, the rammer to the front; at the same 
 time seize the piece with the left hand half-way between 
 the guide sight and lower band, the thumb extended 
 along the barrel and against the stock, the forearm ho^ 
 rizontal a-id resting against the body, the hand as high 
 as the elbow. 
 
 Tivo. Grasp, the small of the stock with the right 
 hand below and against the guard. 
 
 Shoulder- A R3IS, [Two inotivns] 
 
 One. Bring the piece to the right shoulder, at the sa.me 
 time change the po-ition of the right hand so as to em- 
 brace the guard with the thumb and forefinger, slip up 
 the left hand to the height of the shoulder, the fingers 
 extended and joined, the right arm nearly straight. 
 
 7\vo. Drop tl^ left hand quickly by the side. 
 Filer- ARMS. [Two ?-notums.] 
 
 One. Seize the piece briskly with the left hand near the 
 upper band, and detach it slightly from the shoulder 
 with tlie right hand : loo=^en the grasp of the right hand, 
 lower the piece with the left, re seize the pie.^e with the 
 right hand above the lower band, the little finger in the 
 rear of the l)arrel, the butt about four inches from tlie 
 ground, the right hand supported against the hip, drG|i 
 the left hand bv tlie side, 
 
66 MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 
 
 Two. Let the piece slip through the right hand to the 
 ground by opening slightly the fingers, and take the 
 Position of Order Arms, 
 
 The hand low, the barrel between the thumb and fore- 
 finger extended along tlie stock ; tlie other fingers ex- 
 tended and joined; the muzzle about two inches from 
 the right shoulder ; tlie rammer in front; the toe (qr 
 beak) of the butt, against, and in a line with the toe of 
 the right foot, tlie barrel perpendicular. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS, iTwo motlom.'] 
 
 One. Haisc the piece vertically with the right hand to 
 the height of the right breast, and opposite the shoulder, 
 t^he elbow close to the body ; seize the piece with the left 
 hand below the right, and drop quickly the right han4 
 to grasp the piece at the swell of the stock, the thumb 
 and forefinger embracing the guard; press the piece 
 against the shoulder with the left hand and below the 
 right arm nearly straight. 
 
 Two. Drop the left, hand quickly by the side. 
 
 Support-ARMS. [Tlvrce- motions.'] 
 One. Ih'ing tlic pltce, with the right hand, perpendicu- 
 larly to the front and between the eyes, the barrel to the 
 rear; seize the piece with tne left nand. at the lower 
 band, raise this as high as the chin, and seize the piece 
 at the same tirne with the right liaiid (our inches below 
 the cock. ^ 
 
 Two. Turn tlie piece with the right hand, the barrel to 
 the front: carry the piece to the left shoulder, and pass 
 the forearm extended on the breast between the right 
 'lifind and the cock ; support the cOck ag^nst the left 
 forearm, the loft hand resting ori the right breast. 
 Three. Drop the right hand by the side. 
 
 Shoulder (or Carry)- ARMS. [Three motions.'] 
 One. Grasp the piece with the right liand under and 
 against the forearm ; seize it with the left hand at the 
 lower band, the thumb extended: detach the piece 
 slightly from the shoulder, the left- forearm along the 
 stock. '■' - ■ 
 
 Two. Carry the piece vertically to the right shoulder 
 ;vith both hands, the rammer to the front, change the posi- 
 
MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. ' 67 
 
 tion of the riglit hand so as to embrace the guard with the 
 thumb and forefinger, slip the left hand to the height of the 
 shoulder, the fingers extended and joined, the right arm 
 nearly straight. 
 
 Three. Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 
 
 Fix-BAYONET. [Three fnotions.] 
 
 One. Grasp the piece with the left hand at the height of 
 the shoulder, and detach it slightly from the shoulder with 
 the right hand. 
 
 Tivo. Quit the piece with the right hand, loAver it with 
 tbe left hand, opposite the middle of the body, and place 
 the butt between tlie feet without shock, the rammer to the 
 rear, the barrel vertical, the muzzle three inches from the- 
 body ; seize it with the. right hand at the upper band, and 
 carry the left hand reversed to the haridle of the sabre-^ 
 bayonet. 
 
 Th'ixe. Draw the sabre-bayonet from the scabbard and 
 fix it on the extremity of the barrel ; seize the piece with the 
 left hand, the arm extended, the right hand at the upper 
 band. 
 
 Shoulder- AR M.^, [ Iwo raotions.'] 
 
 One. Raise the 'piece with the left hand and place it 
 against the right shoulder, the rammer to the front; seize 
 piece at the same time with the right hand, at the swell of 
 rlie stock, the thumb and forefinger embracing the guard, 
 J lie right arm nearly extended, 
 
 Two. Drop briskly the left hand by the side. 
 
 ChargcBAYONET. [Two motions.] 
 
 One. Eaise the piece slightly with the right hand and 
 vnake a half face to the right on the left heel ; place the 
 lidllow of the right foot opposite to, and three inches from 
 I lie left heel, the leet square ; seize the piece at the same 
 time with the left hand a little above the lower band. 
 
 Two. Bi-ing down the piece, with both hands, the barrel 
 U]3permost, the left elbow against the body ; seize the small 
 of the stock, at the same time, with the right hand, which 
 will be supported against the hip ; the point of the r-.p.bi'q^ 
 b-iyonet as high as the eye. 
 
68 MANUAL FOR RIFLEMEN. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [Tivo motloms.'] 
 One. Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand 
 in fa.cingto the front, place it against tlie right shoulder, 
 the rammer to tljc I'ront ; turntlie riglit hand so as to 
 embrace the guard, slide the left liand to the height of 
 the shoulder, the right hand nearly extended. 
 I'uoo. Drop the left hand smartly by the side. 
 
 Trail- ARMS. [Two motioms.\ 
 
 One. The same as the first motion oi order arms. 
 
 Two. Incline the muzzle slightly to the front, the 
 butt to the, rear and about four inches from the ground. 
 The right hand, supported at the hip, ^vill so hold the 
 piece that the rear rank men may not touch with thei^' 
 bayonets the men in the front rank. 
 Skoulder-ARIWS. 
 
 At the ccnimand ^liouhhr, raise tlhc piece perpendixi- 
 ularly in the right hand, the little finger in rear of the 
 barrel. At the command ((mm, execute the two motions 
 prescribed for the sAt^?<7f/<.^?', froui the position of ordt?^ 
 armif. 
 
 Unfix-BAYOK'KT, [T/ir(e motions.] 
 
 One.' The ?ame as the first motion ofjir-urf/onet. 
 
 Tiro. The same as the second motion o^fi.c^hayonet, 
 (except that the thumb of the right liand wj'l] be placed 
 on the spring of tiie sabre-bayonet, and the left liand 
 will embi-ace the handle of the sabre-bayonet and the 
 barrel, the thumb extended along tlje blade,. 
 
 Three. Press the thumb of the right hand on the 
 Pjrlng, wrest oif the sabre-bayonet, turn it to the right, 
 .the edge to the tront, lower the guard until it touches 
 the right hand, which will seize the back and the edge' 
 of the blade between the thumb and first two finger^', 
 the other lingers holding the piece: change the position 
 of the hand without quitting the handle, return the sabre- 
 bayon:'t to the scabbard, and seize the piece with the 
 left hand, the arm extended. 
 
 Shoulder- ARMS. [ Tm motlovis. ] 
 ■On'\ The same as the first motion from /.r-&a7/o,ne«. 
 Two. The same as the second motion from fiiw 
 J/aj/onei; 
 
 Ak.^P 
 
MANUAL FOR RIPLEMEX. 69 
 
 Secure- A RMS. [Three motio?is,\ 
 
 One. The same as the firyt motion of svppcrt arms, ex- 
 cept, with the right hand seize the piece at the small of the 
 stock. 
 
 Two. Turn the piece -svitli both hands, tlie barrel to the 
 front ; bring it opposite the left shoulder, the butt against 
 the hip, the left hand at the lower band, the thumb as high 
 as the chin and extended on the rammer ; the piece erect 
 and detached from the shoulder, the left forearm against 
 the piece. 
 
 Three, Reverse the piece, pass it under the j^ft arm, tlie 
 left hand remaining at tlie lower band, the thumb on the 
 rammer to prevent it from sliding out, the little finger rest- 
 ing against the hip, the right hand lalhng at the same 
 time l)y the side. 
 
 Shoulder-ARMS. [Three 7)7oiion-s.] ... 
 
 One. Raise the piece with the left hand, and seize it 
 witli the right liand at the small of the stock. The piece 
 erect and detached from the shoulder, the butt against the 
 hip, left forearm along the piece. 
 
 Tiro. The same as the second motion o[ slionlJer arvis 
 from a support. 
 
 Three. The same as the third motion of shoulder arms 
 from a support. 
 
 Right JiihouJder, Shift-AR>1S. [Two uw'A 'ns.] 
 
 One. Detaclithe piece perpendicularly from the shoul- 
 der with the right hand, and sieze it with the left between 
 the lower band and the guide sight,, raise the piece, the left 
 hand at the height of the shoulder and four inches from it ; 
 place at the same time, the right hand on the butt, the 
 brace between the first two fingers, the other two lingers 
 under the butt plate. 
 
 T'lDO. Quit the piece Avith tbo left hand, raise and place 
 the piece on the right shoulder Avith the right hand, the 
 lock plate upwards; letlall, at the same time, the left hand 
 by the side. - 
 
 J?lioiilder-AR3IS. [Two motions.] 
 
 One. Raise the piece perpendicularly by extending the 
 right aiTn to its full lei">gth, the rammer to tlie front, at tho-. 
 
70 MANUAL FOR RlFLli^MEN. 
 
 same time, seize the piece Tcith tlie left band between the 
 lower band and guide sight. 
 
 TiDo. Quit the. butt witii the right ha'.ld, which will, im- 
 mediately embrace the guard, lower the piece to the position 
 oi' shoulder arms, slide up the left hand to the height of the 
 sluudder, the-lingers extended and closed. Drop the left 
 hand by the side. ' 
 
 Arms at Will. {One moiia/i.] 
 Carry the piece at pleasure 0:1 either shoulder, with one or 
 both hands, the nuizzle elevated. 
 
 Shoulder- ARx^S. [One 'notlo/t.] 
 Ketake quickly the position of shoulder arms. 
 Ground-Arms. {From tlie position of order arms.) [2wo 
 motions.'] 
 One. As pl-escribed § 121. 
 Tlco. As prescribed § 122. • 
 
 Raise-ARMS. [Two motions.] 
 One. As prescribed § 123. 
 Two. As prescribed § 124. 
 
 IliOad in nine times. 
 1. IjOAD.* [One motion,.] 
 Grasp the piece with thq left hand as high as the right el- 
 bow, and bring it verticilfy opposite the middle of the body, 
 shift the right hand to the upper band, place the butt be- 
 tween the feet, the barrel to the front ; seize it with the left, 
 hand near the muzzle, which should bo three inches from the 
 body ; carry the riglit hand to the cartridge box. ' . 
 
 2. Ilaudle-CA*^'I'KI1><^'E» [One motion.] 
 Seize the cartridge with the thumb and next two fingers, 
 and place it between the teeth. 
 
 3. Tear-C AilTKlDGE. [One motion.] 
 Tear the paper to the powder, hold the cartridge upright 
 between the thumb and first two fmgers, near the top ; in 
 this position place it in front of and near the muzzle — the 
 back of the hand to the front. 
 
 * Whenever the loadiugs aud firings are to be executed, tbo 
 instruelor will cause the cartridge boxes to bo brought to the 
 front. 
 
MANUAL FOR lUFLE^lEK. 71 
 
 -4. Charge^CARTRIDGI-:. [One ■inoiiou.] 
 Empty tlie powder into the barrel: disengage the ball from 
 the paper with the right hand and the tliumb and first two 
 lingers of the left; insert it into the bor(y;:fljc pointed end up- 
 permost, and pret^s it down with the right thiind) ; seize the 
 head of the rammer witli the tlmmb and forefinger of- the 
 i<dit hand, the otlier h'ngers. closed, the elbows near the body, 
 r ^ •. 
 
 r». Draw-RAM7fJER. [Tnree motions.'] 
 
 One. Half draw the rammer by extending the right arm ; 
 steady it in this position with the left thumb; grasp the ram- 
 mer near the muzzle with the right hand, tlie little finger up- 
 permost, the nails to the fron+, the thumb extended along the 
 rammer. 
 
 Tioo. Clear the rammer from the pipes by again extending 
 the arm ; the ramnier in the prolongation of the pipes. 
 
 Three, Turn the rammer, the little end of the rannner 
 passing near the left shouUler ; place the head of the i-annner 
 on the ball, the back of the liand to the front. 
 
 6. Ram-CARTRIDGE. {One motion,.] 
 
 Insert the rammer as far as the right, and steady it in this 
 
 position with the thumb of tlie left hand ; seize the rammer 
 
 at the small end with the tlnnnb and forefinger of the right 
 
 hand, the back of the hand to the front ; pre.-.^ the ball home, 
 
 • the elbows near the body, 
 
 7. Relurn-RAMMER. [Three motions.] 
 
 One. Draw the rammer half way out, and steady it in 
 this position with the left thumb: grasp it near the muzzle 
 with the right hand, the little fingers uppermost, the nails 
 to the front, the thumb along the rammer; clear the ram- 
 mer from the bore by extending the arms, the nails to the 
 front, the rammer in the prolongation of the bore. 
 • Two. Turn the rammer, its l\ead passing near the left 
 shoulder, and insert it in the pipes until the right hand 
 reaches the muzzle, the nails to the front. 
 
 Tdree. Force the rammer home b}' placing the little 
 finger of the right hand on the head of the rammer; pass 
 the left hand down the barrel to the extent of the arm, with- 
 out depressing the shoulder. 
 
>y MA NLA L KOH KIFhEMEX. 
 
 *8 PRIME. {Two motluiis,) 
 One. With tliG Tc ft hand raise the pidce till the hand is 
 ns hio-h as the eye, grasp the small of the stock with the 
 right hand; half face to the right; place, at the same time, 
 the right foot behind ami atriglif^iiigles with the left; the 
 hollow of the rigkt foot against the left heel. Slip the left 
 hand down to the lower hand, the tlunnb along the stock, 
 the loft elbow against the body; bring the piece to the 
 right side, the butt below the -right forearm-^the small of 
 the stock against the body and two inches below the right 
 breast, the barrel upwards the muzzle on a level with tiie 
 eye. 
 
 Two. Hair cock with the thumb of the right hand the 
 fingers supported against "the guard and the small of the 
 stock — remove the old cap with one of the fingers of the 
 right hand, and with the thumb and forefinger of the same 
 hand take a cap from the po;u;h, place it on the nip[)le, and 
 press- it down \\ith the thuml); seize the small of the stock 
 with the right hand. 
 
 9. Shoulder-xVRMS. 
 
 One. Bring the piece to the right shoulder and support 
 
 it there with the left hand, face to the front; bring the right 
 
 heel to the side of and on a line with the left; grasp the 
 
 _ piece with the right hand as indicated in the positio.i of 
 
 shoulder arms. 
 
 Two. Drop the left hand quickly by the side. 
 R F. ADV. [ Tk ree mot ions . ] 
 
 One. riaise the piece slightly with the right hand, mak- 
 ing a half face to the right on the left heel; carry the right 
 foot to the rear, and place it at right angles to the left,, the 
 hollow of it opposite to, and against the left heel; grasp the. 
 piece with the left hand at the lower band and detach it 
 slightly from the shoulder. 
 
 -Two. Bring down the piece with both hands, the 
 
 barrel upwards, the left thumb extended along the stock, 
 
 , — 
 
 * Ifihe 7>/7wr-/' be used, the command will be load in eight 
 times, and the ciglit commiind will be, shruliJer arms, and execu- 
 ted from re'urn ramvur, iu two motions, as follows: 
 
 One. Raise the piece with tl e left hand and tnke the position 
 of shoulder arms. 
 
 T^o. Drop the left baud quic kly by the side. 
 
Manual for riflemen. 73 
 
 the blitt below the right fnrenrm, the smill of the stock 
 ag.iin-t the bo(W and two inches below the right breast, 
 the mazzle ;is high as the c^'o, the left el!>ow against the 
 side ; place at ihe soidc time the right thumb on the head 
 of the cock, the other lingers under and against the guard. 
 Three. Cock and seize the piece at the smxU of the 
 stock without de.anging the position of the butt. 
 
 AIM* {One motion.^ 
 
 R'lise the piece with both binds, and support the butt 
 against the right shoulder; the left elbow down, the right 
 nearly as high as the shoulder; incline the head upon the • 
 butt so that the right eye may perceive quirkly the object 
 aimed at; the left eye closed, the right thumb extended 
 along he stock, the forefinger on the triggci'. 
 
 The rear rank mrm. in aiming, will each carry the right 
 foot ahout eight inches to the right, and towards the left 
 hejl of the min next on the right, inclining the upper part 
 of the body forwnrd, 
 
 FIRE. [One moflon.'] 
 
 Press the forefinger against the trigger, fire, without 
 lowe:ing or turning the iiead, and remain in tills position. 
 
 LOAD. From, the fire. '■' [One motion ,] 
 
 Bring down the piece witft*both hands, at the same time 
 face to the f. ont and t ike the position of load. Each roar 
 rank man will bring his right foot by the side of the left. 
 ShoilMer-AR.^IS. From the fire. [One motion.] 
 
 Throw up the piece briskly with the left hand and re- 
 sume the position o{ shoulder arms, at the same time face 
 to the front, turning on the left heel,, and bring the right 
 heel on a line with the left. 
 
 * From this position, the instructor may cause the loading 
 to be continued, as already prescribed. If he wish the men to 
 load without resting on the time?, he will command. 1. Load 
 at w U. 2. LoAl>: when each man will load promptly, observ- 
 ing every motion,, but without resting, and without waiting lor 
 his neiffhbors. 
 
74 MANUAL FOR EIFLEMEy, 
 
 Recover- ARMS. From the aim. [One motion.] 
 
 At the word recover, withd -aw the finger from the 
 triggjer; at the coniiiiand arms^ retake the position of 
 ready. .^ 
 
 ShoLl Jer- ARMS From the re^ij. [ One motion.] 
 
 At the word shoulder, ])lace tliethwmh npon the cock' 
 the I'orcfiiijier on the ti ifr?:8r, half cock, and seize the sina0 
 of the stock with tlic right liand. At the command armsr 
 bring up the piece briskly to the right shoulder, and re- 
 take the position of shoulder arms. 
 ^ Inspect'© i-ARMS. From onhr arms.- [Ttco motions.] 
 
 One. Seize the piece with the left hand below and near 
 the upper band, carry ^it with both hands opposite the 
 middle of the bod}^ the bntt between the feet, ihe ram- 
 mer to the rear, the barrel vertical, the muzzle about three 
 inches from the body; carry the left hand reversed to the 
 sabre-bayonet, draw it from the scabbard and fix it on 
 the barrel; grasp the piece with the left hand below and 
 near the upper band, seize the rammer with the thumb 
 and forefinger of the right hand bent, the other fingers 
 closed. 
 
 Two. Draw the rftmmer as explained in loodhg.^ and 
 let it glide to the bottom of the bore, replace the piece 
 with the left hai d opposite the '-ight shoulder, and retake 
 the pos-i'ti'on of order arms. 
 
 The instructor will then p^ss along the front of the 
 rank and inspect the piece of each man, all' conform mg to 
 the principles prescribed for iiuspection in the squad drill/ 
 ^ 139. Each man, when the instructor shall have passed 
 him, will retake the posiiion prescribed at the command 
 inspection arins, return the rammer, and resume the posi- 
 tion of order arms. 
 
 Staek-ARMS. 
 
 At this command, the fiont rank man of every cren 
 numbered file will pa'^s his piec? before him, seizing it 
 with the left hand near the upper band ; will place the 
 butt a little in advance of his left toe, the barrel turned 
 towards the body, and draw the rammer sh'j.ht]y f^-om its 
 place: the front rank man of every odd ruiuueied 
 
MANUAL FOR TvIFLEMEX. lo 
 
 file will also iraw tlie rammer, sliglitly, and pass his piece 
 to the man next on bis left, who will seize it with the 
 right hand near the npper band, and place thebutt a little 
 in advance of the right toe of the man next on his right, 
 the barrel turned to the front: he Avill th^n cross the ram- 
 in-er of the two })icce3, the rammer of the piece of ihe odd 
 number man being inside: the rear rank man of every 
 even file will also draw his rammer, lean his piece forward 
 th-e lock plate downwards, advance the right foot about 
 six inches, and insert tfee rammer between the rammer 
 and barrel of the piece of his fi-ont rank man; with his left 
 hand he will place the butt of his piece on tl.ie ground, 
 thirty-two inches ia rear of, and perpendicular to, the front 
 rank, bringing back his right foot by the side of the left; 
 the front rank man of eve^y even file will at the same time 
 lean the stack to the rear, quit it wltk his right hand, and 
 force all the rammers down. Tfee stack being thus form- 
 ed, the rear rank man or every odd file will pass his piece 
 into his left hand, the barrel to the front, and inclining it 
 forward, will rest it on the stack. 
 
 Takc-ARI^IS. 
 At this command the rear rank man of every odd, num- 
 bered file will Avithdraw his piece from the stack; the front 
 rank man of every even file will seize his ov.m piece with 
 the left hand and that of the man on his right with his 
 right hand, both above the lower band: the rear rank man 
 of the even file will -seize his piece with the right hand 
 below the lower band; these two men will raise up the 
 stack to loosen the rammers; the front rank man of every 
 odd file will ficilitate the disengagement of the rammers, 
 if necessary, Viy drawing tbem out slightly with the left 
 liand, and will receive his piece from the hand of the man 
 next on his left: the fiur men will retake the position of 
 the soldier at order arms. 
 
76 INSPECTION 
 
 BEGUIATIONS AS TO INSPECTION, 
 PARADES, ETC. 
 
 FORM OF INSPECTION. 
 
 TLo inspection of troops, not less than a company, will 
 generally be preceded by a review. The present example 
 embraces a battalion. 
 
 The inspecting oflicer and the field and f^taff officers will 
 be on foot. Tlie battalion being in the order of battle, 
 the colonel will cause it to break into open column of com- 
 panies, right in front. He will ne-\t order the ranlxs to 
 be opened; when the color-rank and color-guard, \ nder 
 the direction of the adjutant, will take post ten paces in 
 front, and the band ten paces in rear of the cohuiin. The 
 colonel seeing the ranks aligned, will then command: 
 1. Officers aiid Sevjrr ants to the font o( your Compa- 
 nies. 2. MARCH. 
 
 TJiC officers will form themselves in one rank, eight 
 paces, and the non-commissioned offiicers in cnie rai:]', 
 six paces in advance, along the whole Ironts of their re- 
 spective companies, iVom right to left in the order of se- 
 niority ; the pioneers and music of each company, in one 
 T&v.V. two paces behind the non-compiissioped cfiicers. 
 The colonel will then command: 
 
 1 Field and Staff, to the front. 2. MARCH. 
 
 The comrais ijned otB,cers thus dcsigiiat; d, ^\il' foim 
 themselves in one rank, on aline equal to the front 6\'\he col- 
 umn, six paces in front of the colors, from right to lelt in the 
 
VfBVZOno^, 77 
 
 « 
 
 order 0/ aenior'it}^ : and the non-commiasioned staff, in. a 
 similar manner, two paces in rear of the preceding ran"lc.' 
 The eolnnel. cpeinf^ the movenierit exeonted. will take 
 post on the right of the lieutefiant colonel, and wait the 
 approach of the inspecting officer. But such of the 
 field officers as may he superior in rank to the inspector, 
 will not take post in front of the battalion. 
 
 The inspector will commence in front. After inspecting 
 the dress and general appearance of tlie field and commis- 
 sioned stafl' under arms, the inspector, accompanied by these 
 officers, will pass down the open column, looking at every 
 rank in front and rear. 
 
 The colonel will now command. 1. nler- A-RJ,is. 2, 
 ■Rest ; when the inspector will proceed to make a minute 
 inspection of the several ranks or divisions, commencing in 
 front. 
 
 As the inspector approaches the non-commissioned staff, 
 <?olor-rank, the color-guard and the band, the adjutant will 
 give the necessary orders for the inspection of arms, boxes, 
 and kna^3sacks. The colors will l>e planted firm in the 
 ground, to enable the color-bearers to display the contents 
 of their knapsacks. The non-commissioned staff may be 
 dismissed as soon as inspected, but the color-rank and color- 
 guard will remain until the colors are to be escorted to the 
 place from which they were taken. As the inspector suc- 
 cessively approaches ihe CQmpan>€s, the captains will com- 
 mand : 
 1. Attentioiio 2 Company, 3. TiisDCctioii-ARMS. 
 The inspecting officer will thtn go throigh the whole 
 company, and minutely inspect he arms, a coutrements and 
 dress of each soldier. After this is done the captain will 
 command-; Open-BoxES ; when the amm mition and boxes 
 >vill be examined. He will then • omma.i.l : 
 fi. Shoulder-ARMS. 2. Close-Opficr. 3. MARCH. 
 4. Order- ARMS. 5. Stack-ARMS. 6. Totaiercar, 
 open order. T.MARCH. 8. Front rank, ABOUT- 
 FACE. 9. Uusliug-Knapsacks. lO. Opeiv-KnajH. 
 •aacks. 
 
 The sergeants wnll face mward at it.he 2nd command, and 
 .liose upon the centre id the 3rd, and at the 5th command 
 
78 TNSPKCTION. 
 
 stnck their arms ; at the 6th the}' ^viU fiice outward, and at 
 the 7th resume tlieir poaition, \Vheii the ranks are closed, 
 preparatory to talce-avmy, the sergeants will also close upon 
 the centre, and at the word, take their arms and resume 
 their position. 
 
 The knap«auks will be placed at tho feet of the men, the 
 flaps from them, with the great coats on the flaps, and knapr 
 sacks leaning on the great coats, In this position the in- 
 spector will c:\amine their contents, or so many of them as he 
 may think necessary, commencing with the non-commissionr 
 ed officers, the men standing at attention, When the in- 
 spector has passts.! through the company, the captain will 
 command : jR/pack-Iint/psarlcs, when each soldier will re- 
 pack and buckle up his knapsack, leaving it on the ground, 
 the number U])wards turned from him. and then stand at 
 vest. The captain will then cominand : 
 %. Attention. 2. Compj^nj. ^. Sliag-Kwapsacks. 4. 
 
 Front rank, AIJPIJT^FACE. 5. Close-Order. G* 
 
 ?viARCH. T. Take- ARMS, 8. Shouldcr-'V KMs'. C. 
 
 \>flicers and Sergeants to your posts. lO. MAFCIJ. 
 
 At the word sling of the Crd command, each soldier will 
 take his knapsack, holding it by the inner straps, and 
 stand erect ; at the last word, he will replace it on his back. 
 At the loth command, the company will tile off to their 
 tents or quarters, except tlie company that is to re-escort tho 
 colors, which will await the further orders of the colonel,. 
 
DRESS PARADE. 79 
 
 rOKMS OF PARADE. 
 
 • The examples hero- given' eilibrace a. battalion of in- 
 fantr3^ A single company vvill parade as if ic Y.'erc v,ith 
 the battalion. 
 
 I. DISESS PAKABE. 
 At tlie lioui" appoin-ted, on the -signal of the -adjutant,, 
 the captains will march their companies to the ])arade-. 
 ground, where tlicy take their positions , in Ihe order of 
 battle. WiicQ the line is formed the captain of the 
 first company, on notice from the adjutant, steps one r>ace 
 to 4;hc front and gives to his company the command : 
 Order-AR^^LS ; Pa/ Wd-lvEST, i uhich is repeated by each 
 captain in succession 'to the loft, The adjutant tak-cs post 
 two paces on the right of the line ; the icrgeant-major two 
 paces on the left. The ra-usic will bo filmed in two ranks on 
 the right of the adjutant. The senior' officer present will 
 take the comniand of the parade, and will take post at a 
 suitable distance in front, 'Opposite the centre faci'ij^ the 
 line.-- 
 
 - When the companies have ordered * arms, tjic adjutant 
 will order the music to beat r)f}\ Avhen it- v»-ill- commence on 
 the right, boat in. front of .the line to the left, and back to 
 its place on .the right, The adjutant will then step two 
 paces to the front, face to tlie left, and cctfnmand : 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Batiaiiou "^ Sho«I(!cr-ARI^I8. 4. 
 Prepare to op.cii ranks. 5. To the rear open ovd'cr. 
 G. MARCH. "'-^ 
 
 At the'sixth command, the ranks will lie opened, the 
 oommissioned officers (field and staff dismounting) will 
 march to the fronts field officers six paces, the company 
 oflicers four paces, opposite to tKeir positiou in fine of battle, 
 halt and dress. The adjutant #eirig the ranks aligned will 
 co.umand : Front, and march along the front to the center, 
 la."3 te the right, and pass the line of company ofiicers, 
 eight or ten paces, face to the right about and command; 
 Present- A R3iS, 
 
.See.in<r this cxeonicil, he uiil fice about to the conj- 
 nrmtlhor ol!i,-er. Rihitc an.'l report, ''Sir, the parade is 
 fnr,n-',iy The mljutant will then, on intimation to that 
 effect tnke his 'Station three pace> on the left of the 
 oonrnnnding of!icer, one pace retired, passing around 
 his rear. 
 
 The commanding olTic^er, liaving acknowledged the 
 salute of the line by touching hi?* hat, will after the ad- 
 jumt has taken hia [lost, draw his sword and command 
 
 1. Batlalion. 2. isJlioulder- ARMS, 
 and add such exercises as he may think proper, conclud- 
 ing with ^/v/<3?'-xVrms. He willthen return his sword, 
 anrl direct the adjutant to receive the reports. 
 
 The adjutant will now pass around the right of the 
 commanding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway 
 bet.vcen him and the line of company officers, andcom- 
 n)i:ind : 
 
 1. First Sergejiuts to the firoiit and peiitre, 
 2 MARCH. 
 
 At the first command, the li-st sergeants will shouller 
 «?'/?! .<;. march two paces to the front, and face inward. 
 At the second com uand, they will march to the centre^ 
 and'halt. The adjutant will then order: 
 
 I. Frout-FACE. 2. Report. 
 
 At the Inst word, each in succession, beginning on 
 the right, will salute by bringing the left hand smartly 
 across the breast to the right shoulder, and report the 
 result of the roll call previously made on the company 
 parade. The adjutant then comands: 
 1, First Sergeants, outward-Face. 2. To your posts- 
 
 MARCH, 
 wlien they will resume their places and order arms. 
 The adjutant will then face to the commanding oflicer, 
 salute, rei)ort absent officers, and give the result of the 
 first sergeants' reports. The commanding oflicer will 
 tlien direct the orders to be read, when the adjutant will 
 face about and announce : 
 
 Atteniion to Orders. 
 
 Having read the orders, the adjutant will face to the 
 pQiuniajniiug officer, salute and report ; \Yhen, on an ir^tic 
 
DKESS PARADE. 81 
 
 mation from the commander, he will face again to the Une 
 and announce: 
 
 Prtrside is dismissed. 
 
 All the officers ^Yill now return their swords, face inward, 
 and close on the adjutant, he having taken position in their 
 line, the field officers on the Hanks. The adjutant com- 
 mands : 
 
 1. FroJit-I^ACE. 3 Forward-MARCII. 
 When they will march forward, dressing on the centre, the 
 music playing, and when within six paces of the comniand- 
 er, the adjutant will give the command : Halt. The offi- 
 cers will then salute the commanding officer by raising the 
 hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have coni- 
 municated to them such instructions as he may have to give, 
 or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the officers 
 disperse, the first sergeants will close the ranks of their res- 
 pective companies, and march them off, the band" continu- 
 ing to play until the companies clear the regimental parade 
 ground. 
 
82 KEVILW. 
 
 II. REVIEW. 
 
 Preparatory to a review, the adjutant will cau^e acamji- 
 color to be placed 80 or 100 prices, or-niore, in front of, and 
 opposite to, where tlie^icentrc of the battaUon- will rest, where 
 tlie reviewing ofhcer !$■ supposed to tak£ his station : and al-- ■ 
 though he ma}^ choose totiuit that ]KJ3ition, still- the color; 
 is to bGrcoDbidered as the poiiil to wliiiclilall tli^' movements 
 and formations are relative. The.adiiitant will also cause 
 points to be marked, at siiitable distances, for the wheelings 
 of t^ditisionSjSo^tliat. their right flanks,- in marching past, 
 slial Fcn I y be about four, paces from the camp-color, or posi- 
 tion of the reviewing officer. "' , 
 
 The battalion being fornxcd in the order of battle at shuld- 
 cred arms, the colonel will command : 
 I. B'JttaJioij, preparsfor review. 2. To the rear, open 
 order. 3. MARCH. 
 
 At the worlT^arc^, the field -and staff officers aismount, 
 the (^mpany officers and the .color-rank advance four paces 
 in i'ront of the front rank, and place themselves opposite to 
 their reaj)ective places in the order of battle ; the color-guard 
 replace the color-rank ; the staff officers place themselves, 
 according to rank, three pa-ces on the right of the rank of 
 company- ofticcrs,. and one pace from each other ; the nmsic 
 takes post as at d^ess-^3arade ; the non-commissioned staff 
 take post one pace from^each other, and three paces on the 
 right of the front rank oCtlip battalion. * 
 
 When tlie ranks are lligned, the colonel wdll command : 
 FnONT ; and place himself eight paces, . and the lieuten-_ 
 ant colonel and majoJ will place' themselves two 
 pace?, in front of the rank of i»ompany oflicers,, and 
 opposite to tl'ieir respective places .in the order of bat-: 
 tie, all facing to the front. 
 
 When the rcvicwinig officer presents himself before the 
 centre, and is fifty or 'sixty paces distavit, t^e colonel will- 
 face about and t;ommand : 
 
 Treseiit-ASSMS.; 
 and rosuine his front. Tlie men present arms, and the olR- 
 cers salute, so as to drop their s\\ords with the la.-^t motion 
 
REVIEW. • 83 
 
 of the firelock. Tho noTi-commissioncd staff salute by 
 bringing the SM'ord to a ^Jo(«^, the hilt resting op- the 
 breast, the.blade in front of th.o face, inclining a little 
 outwards. The niusic will play,'and all the drums beat, 
 according to the ran^ of tho reviewing ofRcer.- 
 
 The reviewing offic-^r having halted and acknowledged 
 tho s-alute bv touchtng or raising his cap or hat, the col- 
 onel will, face about and commami:'' jShouhlcr- Arms \ 
 when the msn shofilder their pieces ; the ofncers and 
 non-commis^loi1^d' stn ff- recover their* swords-with the 
 last motion and the colonel faces to theii-ont. " 
 
 The reviewing officer v/iJl tlien go.tawards the raght, 
 the whole 'remaining perfectly steady, witlioiit paying 
 any further^complinYent, while he passes along the front 
 of the battalion and proceeds round the left tlank. and 
 along the rear of the file closers, to the right. While 
 the reviewing officer is going round the battalion the 
 baad will play, and will cease when he h9,s returned to- 
 the righ^flank. . 
 
 When the reviewing ofncer turns o'l" to place himself 
 •by the ijamp coIqjl' in front, the colonel will face the line, 
 and command : . * 
 
 1. Clase order. 2. MARCH. 
 
 At the first command tho field and company officers 
 will face to tho right-about ; and at the second command, 
 all person-s except the colonel, will resume their places 
 in the order of battle ; the field and staff officers mount. 
 
 The reviewing officer having taken his position near 
 the camp-color, the colonel will command: 
 I. Byt'omparjy, right vvhe3l. 2. Qaick-M.kRCH 3. 
 
 Pa'^s in review. .4. Column, for^vard. 5. Guide" 
 
 right. 6. MARCH. 
 * The battalion, in column of companies, right in front, 
 will then in common tim'e, arKLaisJiouIder arms, be put 
 '. __^. = ^ 
 
 * If the rcv4e^in,;r officer be junior in rank to the command- 
 ant of the i)ar:ide, no compliment will be paid to him, but he 
 will bo received with aj'ms carried, and the officers will not sa- 
 lute as the column passes in review. The colors salute such 
 persons only as from their rank and by regulation are entitled 
 to that honor. 
 
84 REVIEW. 
 
 in motion ; the colonel four paces in front of the captiiin 
 of the leading company^ the lientenant-colonel on a line 
 ■with the leadnig company; the major on a line with the 
 rear company ; the adjutant on a line with the second com- 
 pany ; tlic sergeant-major on a hne with the company next 
 preceding the rear — each six paces from the tlank (left) 
 opposite to the reviewing officer,; the staff" officers in one 
 rank, according to or<ler of precedency, from the right, four 
 paces in rear of the column ; the music, preceded by the 
 principal musician, six paces before the colonel ; the pio- 
 neers preceded hy a corporal, four paces before the principal 
 musician ; and the quartermaster-sergeant two paces from 
 the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the jnoneers. 
 The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the 
 front in passing in review. 
 
 The music will begin to play at the command to 
 march, and after passing the reviewing officer, wheel to 
 the left out of the colunm, and take a position opposite 
 and facing him, and will continue to play until the rear 
 of the column shall have passed him, when it will cease,, 
 and /ollow in the rear of the battalion.'-- The officers will sa* 
 lute the reviewing officer when they arrive witliin six paces 
 of him, and recover their swords when six paces past him< 
 All officers, in saluting, will cast their eyes towards the 
 reviewing officer. The colonel, when he has saluted at the 
 head of the battalion, will place himself near the reviewing 
 officer, and will remain thereuntil the rear has passed, when 
 he will rejoin the battalion. The colors will salute the re- 
 v'eving officer, if entitled to it, when Avithin six paues of 
 him, and be raised when they have passed by \im an equal 
 distance. The color-bearer will rema'n in ranks wliile paiis- 
 ing and saluting. 
 
 The reviewing officer or personage will acknowledge th(4 
 salute l)y raising or taking off liis cap, or 1 a*-, when the 
 commander of the troops salutes him; and also when the 
 colors pass. The rest of the time, occupied by the passage 
 of the troops, he will be covered. 
 
 * That is, unless tho battilion \s to pass in ./ua . ,/., also^ in 
 TTbivU case it ^iU ke«p its position. 
 
REVIEW. 85 
 
 When the column lias passed the reviewing officer, 
 the colonel willdirect it to the ground iCmarched from, 
 and command Guide left, in time for the guides to cover. 
 The column Imving arrived on its ground, the colonel will 
 command: 1. Uoi.urnn. 2. Halt ; form it in order of 
 battle, and cause the ranks to be opened a« ab.ivc direc- 
 ted. The review wi.l terminate by the wholesalntingas 
 at the beginning.* 
 
 The Colonel v.ill afterward cause the troops to perform 
 such exe ciscsand manoeuvres as the reviewing officer 
 may direct. 
 
 A number of companies less than a battalion will be 
 reviewed as a battalion, and a single company as if it 
 were with the battalion. In the latter case, the com- 
 pany may pass in column of platoons. 
 
 *If however, instructions have heen given to march Ibe troops 
 past m quick time aso, the Colonel will, instead of changing 
 tlie guide, halting the column, and wheeling it into line, as 
 above directed, give the command : 1. Quiet time. 2. March. 
 In passing the reviewing officer again, no salute will be offer- 
 ed by either officers or men. As the column approaches, the 
 music, having ci mmjnced playing at the command inuix'I , will 
 place ifself in front of and march off with the column, and 
 continie to play until the battalion is halted on its oiigii al 
 ground. The review will terminate in the same manner as above 
 directed. 
 
SO' GUAT^D-MOUNTING. 
 
 III. GUARD-MOUNTING. 
 
 At the first caU for jiuard-mounting, the men warned 
 for duty turn out on their company parades for inspection 
 by the first sergeants..- Each detachment, as it- arrives, 
 Avill, under tlie direction of the adjutant, t^ke post on tl.e 
 left of the one thnt ^preceded- it., in open order, arms 
 shouhlered, and bayonets fixed; the supernumeraries 
 five paces in the rear of the men of Uieir respective com- 
 panies ; the first sergeants in rear "of them. The ser- 
 geant-major will dress the ranks, count the files, verily 
 the details, and when the guard is formed* report to the 
 'adjutant, and take post two paces on the left at' the front 
 rank. - . 
 
 The adjutant then commands: Front, when the officer 
 of the guard take^t post twelve paces in front of. the centre, 
 the sergeant^ in one rank, four paces in renr of the offi- 
 cers ; and the corporals in one raiik, four paces in rear 
 of the sergeants — all tacrng to the front.. The adjutant 
 th?n assigns their places in the guard. 
 
 Tht^ adjutant wiM then command : 
 1. Officer and iion-couimissioned Officers 2. About- 
 FACE. 3. Inspect your guards-MARCH. 
 The non-commissioned afficers tlien take their posts- 
 The commander of the guards then commands : 
 1. Order^ARMS. 2. Inspection-ARMS, 
 and inspects his guard. When there is no commissioned 
 officer on the guard, the adjutant will inspect it. Dur- 
 ing inspection theband will play. 
 
 The inspection ended, the ofiicer of the guard takes 
 post as though the guard were a company of a battalion 
 in open order, under review; at the same time also, the 
 officers of the day will take post in front of pie centre of 
 guard ; the old officer of the day , three paces on th?. 
 ri'iht of (he new officer of the day, one pace retired. 
 The adjut:int will then command: ■ 
 
 1. Parade-REST, 2, Troop-BEAT OtF; 
 When the music, beginning on the right, will beat down 
 
GXJARD-lIOrXTIXG. " 8/ 
 
 the line in front of tlie officer of t'.c guard to tlic loft, and 
 back to its, place p|i the ligUt, wl.e i it will cease to play.. 
 The adjutuntAvill then command : \ 
 
 1. Attention. 2. Shoulder-AR3lS. 3. Cioce order- 
 
 .- ' MARCH. 
 At the word "close order^" ihe oliicei- will face about ; at 
 "nuireb," resume his post in line. The adjutant then 
 commands: Pre^^nf-AKJCSf at wliichhe will face to the 
 new officer of the day, salute and report, ^'Sh\ the guard' 
 is formed.''^ .The new officer of ihc da}', after acknow- 
 ledging the s;\lute,wi!l direct the adjutant to march the 
 guard in revie\v, or by flank to its post. But if the ad- 
 jutant be senior to tlie oliicer .of the day, he will report 
 without saluting with the swoi'd then, or when marclri'Jg 
 in review. 
 
 In review, the guard march past (he officer of the day, 
 according to the order of review, conducted b^'' the adju- 
 tant, marching on the left of the lirst division; the Fcrf.;ean{- 
 major on the left of the last division. When the column 
 has pas-ed ihe officer of the day, the officer of the gi;ard 
 marclies it to its post, the adjutant and sergeant-major rt- 
 tiring. The mu-i-c, which has wheeled out of the column 
 and taken po.st opposite the officer of the day, will cea'-'C, 
 and the old officer of the dy salute, and give the old or 
 standing orders to the new officer of the da}^ The super- 
 nnmi'raries, fit the same time, will be marched to their re- 
 spective company parades and -dismissed. 
 
 On the ai)proach of the new j^uard, the officer of the 
 old guaid, having hi^, guard paraded, will ' command: 
 Pr^s5//^ARMS. The neu- guard v/ill n^arch, in quick time, 
 past the old guard, at i;houIder arms, officer salutin.LV, and 
 take post four paces oniLs right,, when, being aligiicd with 
 -it, its eomrainder vv-i;i order: Present- A hyir. The two 
 officers will then approach each otiicr and salute. They 
 will then rctui'n to their r'especiivc guards, and conummd: 
 1. Shoiildtr- Ar^^. 2. Order- \iisix. 
 
 •The cflicer of the new guard w^ll ro v circct tl c deL.-dl 
 for the advance uuard to be formed and maixhed to its 
 
88 GUARD-MOUXTING. 
 
 posf, the list of the gunrd innrle and divided into three 
 rel'iefs. and peiforin all the other duties incident to his 
 post and nepessary at this time to be done. 
 
 The first relief liavinj^ been designnted and ordered two 
 paces to the front, the corporal of the new guard will 
 take clnnge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, ac- 
 companied by the corpoi-al of the old gunrd, who will take 
 command of the old sentinels, wlun the wiiole arc relieved. 
 Q'he relief, wiih arms at a support, in two ranks, will 
 march by a flnnk. conducted by tlie corporal on the side 
 of the lending front rank mnn; and then men will be 
 numbered alternately in the front and icar rank, the man 
 on the right of the front rank being No. 1. Should an 
 offii^er ap[)roach, the coi'poral wid command: C(irry artns, 
 and resume the support arms when the officer is passed. 
 
 When the sentinel sees the relifcf approaching, he will 
 halt and face to i', with his arms at a shoulder. At six 
 paces the corpora) will command : 1. Ecl'icf, 2. Halt; 
 when the relief wili halt and carry arms. The coiporal 
 will then add, "No. 1," or "No. 2,"" or "No. 3," accord- 
 ing to the number of the post, yl?'??^«-PoHT. The two 
 sentinels will, with arms at ^:>rvrHhen approach each other, 
 when the old sentinel, under the correction of the corpor- 
 al, will whisper the insiructions to the new sentiml. Th's 
 done, the two sentinels will shoulder aims, and the old 
 sentinel will pass in qnick time, to his place in rear of the 
 relief. The corporal will then command: 1. !^upport- 
 Ahm3. 2. Forward. 8. ''March. And .he rt lief proceeds 
 in ihe same manu'jr until the whole are relieved. 
 
 The detachments and sentin(ds from the old g^iiard 
 having come in, it wili be marched, at shoulder a7'ms, 
 aVng the front of the new siuaid, in quick time, the new 
 guard standing '.\\ jjresenfnJ a ms; < ffi crs salutii g n ti e 
 music of both guards beating, except at ihc outposts. 
 
On arriv-ing at the regimental or garrison parade tho 
 commander of the okl guard will ,end the d^eta'tas 
 
 wC."fl^' n'^'^'/tP'^'^"^ regiments or com" 
 Whpn the old guard has marched o.T fifry pacis he 
 officer of the new guard will order his men tLfack thdr 
 arms, or place them in the arm-racU '^ ' 
 
90 GUARDS A>rD bLNTIXLLS, 
 
 GUARDS AXD SENTINi3I.S. 
 
 Camp and garrison guards will bo relieved every twenty 
 fonr hours. Sentinels will be relieved every two hours, 
 •^riie ofiiccro are to lemain constantly at their guards, ex- 
 cept while visiting the sentinels or nccessQ^'iiy- engaged 
 elsGAvhere on their proper dut}^ Neither officers nor sol- 
 diers are to take ofi' their cldrning or accoutrements While 
 thcvaroon guard ♦Vv^bcn a lire breaks unt^ or any alawn 
 i;-; riiised in a garriii^n, all guards are to be immediately 
 under arms. Sentinels will not ta-l^e orders or allow them- 
 selves to be relieved, except by an officer or non-commis- 
 sioned officer of tlieir guard or party, the officer oftlieday, 
 or the commanding officer. Sentinels will report every 
 breach of orders or regulations they are entrusted to enforce, 
 They must iLcep themselves on the alert, obs^-rving every 
 thing that takes place within ,9ight ana hearing of their 
 post. They will carry their arms habitually 3,t support or 
 on either shoulder, but will never cpiit them. " In wet v,'ea- 
 ther they Avill secure arms. No sentinel will quit his post 
 or hold conversation not necessary to the proper discharge 
 .of his duty. 
 
 Sentinels will be respected by all persons of wdiatever 
 ra«k. They v>'ill present arms to general and field ofli- 
 rers, to the otTicer of the day, and to the commanding offi^ 
 pn- of the post. To all other officers tliey will carry arms. 
 The sentinel at any post of the guard, when he sees any 
 body of troops, or an officer entitled to con;pliment, ap- 
 proach, muit call "Turn out the guard;''' and announce 
 who approaches. Guards do not tiu-u out as a matter of 
 compliment after sunset, but sentinels will, vvhen officers 
 in uniform approach, pay them proper attention, by facing 
 to the proper front and standing steady at sltovJderarmy,. 
 This will be oljsorved until the evening is so far advanc- 
 ed that the sentinels besrhi challenfi;in!2;. 
 
GUARDS AND SENTINELS. 91 
 
 Chaileiig^Ing'. 
 
 After relTpnt (or the hour appointed hy the commanding 
 officer) until broad daylight, a pontine! ehallonges every,-. 
 person who approaches hnn, taking at the same time the 
 l^osition of arms port. lie will suffer no person to come 
 -nearer than v/itliin the reach of liis bayonet, until tlie per- 
 son has given the countersign. A sentinel in challenging 
 Avill call out : '' V/ho ^nmes therr?^' If answered — "Friend, 
 ivitk the countersign,^' and he be instructed to pass persons 
 with the countersign, he will reply — Adiancefriend, with 
 the countersign. ''' If answered — "Friends," he will reply 
 — "Halt, frievda. Adrance one with the covnter<;iffn.'^ — 
 Ifanswcred — '■'■Belief," "Patrol," or ""Giand rounds,'^ 
 he will repl 3'-^" //<?/-:; ; adcanre seraeant (or afipornl) 
 icith tlie countersign''' and satisfy himself that the party is 
 what it represents itself to be. If he have ©o authority to 
 pass persons with the couniorsign', if thawrong countersign 
 be given, or if thepei^r,ns have not the countersign, he w;l i 
 cause tliein to stand, and call — "Covx)oral of the guard.'^ 
 
 Grand rounds. i 
 
 The officer wishing to mj\ke the rounds, v.'ill take an 
 escort of a non-cornmissioi;ed officer and two men, Wheij 
 the rounds are challenged b}^ a sentinel, the sergeant will 
 answer — "Grand ronruh-f and the sentinel*will reply — 
 "Halt, grand' rounds. Advance, sergeant iciih the counter, 
 slgn.''^ Upon which the sergeant advances and gives the 
 C')Hutersign. The sentinel will \hcncry—"Advarice rounds; 
 and stand at a shoulder, till they have passed. 
 
 When the sentinel befrn'e the guard . challenges, and is 
 answered: — "Grand rounds," he will reply — "Halt, rrra}i(i 
 rounds. Turn out the guard, grand rounds.''* Upon 
 which the guard will be drawn.up at ahoukk-red arras. The 
 officer commanding the guard will then order a sergeant 
 urjd two men to advance: when Vv'ithin ten paces, the ser- 
 geant chal lenges. 'J'he sergeaat of the grand ruvmds ans vv^ers 
 — "Grand rounds." The sergeant of the guard replies — 
 '.''Adrance, sergeant, loith the countersign,"" 
 
9S GUAIi^g aXd sjuntinbls, 
 
 Tho scrgff nt of tlic rounds advanca^; alone, ffive^ the conn- 
 tevsign, ai d returns to his round. The sergeant of the ruard 
 calls to his otticer — '-T ir conitii-rf^iyn s r yJii ;' on which 
 
 the offir'er ("tf t^iP n-norrl rnllc ".1J"',,,,./, voi/prPy." T (i 
 
 oftioer of the rounds then advances alone, the guard sta id- 
 ing at siiouUlored aims. The officer of the rounds passes 
 along the front of tho guard to tlie oflioer, who keeps ms 
 post on the right, and gives him tl e ra o'e. He then e :■> 
 amines the guard, orders back his escort, nnd taking a new 
 one, proceeds in the saxae ni^innejr tp other guards. 
 
ESCORTS. 93 
 
 ESCORTS OF HONOR. 
 
 The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre opposite 
 to the place where the person to be escorted presents 
 hiniseir, with :in interval between the Avings to receive 
 hiin and his retinue. On his appearance he will be re- 
 ceived with the honors due to his rank. When he has 
 taken his place in the line, the whole will be wheeled into 
 platoons or companies, as the case may be, and take up 
 the march. The same ceremony will be observed, and the 
 same honors paid, on his leaving the escort. 
 
 When the position of the escort is at a considerable dis- 
 tance from the ])oint where he is expected to be received, 
 a double lii.e of sentinels will be posted from that point to 
 the escort, facinof inward, and the sentinels will succes- 
 sively salute as he passes. An(;fficer will be appointed 
 to attend him, to bear such communications as he may 
 have to make to the commander of the escort. 
 
 COLOR ESCORT. 
 
 When a battalion turns out under a'-ms, and the color is 
 wanted, a company, other than that of ;he color, will be 
 put in march to receive and escort the color, in the follow- 
 ing order in quick time and without music : — the drum- 
 major and field music ibllowed by the band; the escort in 
 column by platoon, right in front, with armg shifted to the 
 right shoulder, and the color-bearer between the platoons. 
 
 Arrived in frontof the tent or quarters of the colonel, 
 the escort will form into line, the field music and band on 
 til e right, and arm s will be carried. The color-bearer, 
 preceded by the first lieutenant, and followed by a ser- 
 geant of the escort, will then go to receive the color. 
 
 \Vhcn the color-bearer shall come out, followed by the 
 lieutenant and sergeant, he will halt before the entrance ; 
 the captain will cause the escort to pre.'ierit arms, and the 
 drums will beat ff> the color for half a minute, Avhen arms 
 will- be shcnildercd, and the escort will be broken into colurr n 
 by platoon. The color-bearer \\\\\ place himself between 
 the platoons. The lieutenant and sergeant will resume 
 their posts, and the escort will march back to tlie batlulion 
 
91 coLoii Escoirr. 
 
 t'^ the sound of music, in qniclc time ;ind in the same order 
 iia above. 
 
 Arrived at the distance ' of "twenty paces from the 
 battalion the escort will be halted, and the mn.sic ^vili 
 cease; the colonel will place himself six paces before 
 the centre of the battajlicn, the color-bearer ^ill ap- 
 proach the colonel, by the front, in quick time ; when at 
 the distance of ten paces, he will halt; the colonel will 
 cause arms to be presented, and to the color to be played, 
 wVich beins^ executed, the color-bearer will take his place 
 in the front rank of the color-guard, and the battalion, by 
 command, will shoulder arms. The escort, field music 
 and band will return in quick time to their several places 
 in the line of battle, marching by the rear of the battalior. 
 
 The color will be escorted back to the colonel's tent 
 or quarters with like ceremony and in the same order. 
 
FUNERAL. HO NOES. 9'^ 
 
 FUNKRAI. HONORS. 
 
 The funeral escort will be formed in two r.ink.^, opposite 
 to tlie quarters or tent of the (lccc:\>cd, with shouldered 
 arms and bayonet^ unfixed ; the artillery and cavalry on 
 the right of the inf;uitry/=^ On the uppearnnce of the 
 corpse, the officer commandihg- the eseort will command: 
 
 Preseiit-ARMS. 
 
 When the honorfvdue to the decease will be paid by 
 the drums and trumpets. The music will then pldy an 
 appropriate air, and the cofiin will be taken to the right, 
 when it will be halted. The commander will then order: 
 
 * 
 1. Shoulder-ARHS. 3. By company (or platoon) left 
 wheel. 3. MARCH. 4. ReverSc-ARRS.^. 5r Col- 
 umn, forward. 6. Guirlc right T. MARCH. 
 
 The column will be marched in slow tmie to solemn 
 music, and on reaching the grave, will take a direction so- 
 as that the guides shall be next to the grave. When the 
 centre of the column is opposite the grave, the commander 
 will order : 
 
 1. Column. 2. HAI.T. 3. Right, into line wheel, 
 
 4. MARCH. 
 
 Tlie coffin is then brought along the front, to the op- 
 posite side of the grave, and the commander then orders; 
 
 1. Shoulder-ARMS. 2. Frcsent-ARM^. 
 
 And when the colfm reaches thegiavc, lie adds: 
 
 * The usual badge of military mnurnitio;' is a piece . of black 
 crape around the left arms, above the elbow, and^ also upon the 
 swoid hilt, a-id will be worn Avhen in full or imui'ess. The 
 druii s of u funeral escort will be covered v,itli black crape, or 
 thia black s rge. 
 
96 FUNERAL HONORS* 
 
 3. Slioulder-ARMS, 4. Rest ou-ARMS. 
 
 After tlie fanci'al services is pe!-['ormed, nnd the coffin is 
 lowL'ifd into the grave, tiic commander will order, 
 
 1, Attention. 2. Shouldcr-ARM.S. 3. Load at Willi 
 1. LOAD. 
 
 And cinse three rounds of small arms to be fired by the 
 escort. He will then command: 
 
 1. By company (or platoon) riglit-wlieel. 2. MARCH, 
 r. Column forward. 4. Guide-left. 5. (iuick- 
 MARCH. 
 
 The music will not begin to play until the escort is cleaTf 
 of the enc'iosiure. 
 
4 
 
T^^^^sHsSS^K