AN 
 
 ILLT STEATED SYSTEM \i 
 
 BANDAGIA^a 
 
 SELECTED FROM GOFFBES PRECIS DE BANDAGES. 
 
 BY OKPEK OF THE SlTiGEOX-GExNEFiA 
 
 U I C II M N D : 
 
 18(j4. 
 
AN 
 
 ILLUSTRATED SYSTEM 
 
 OF 
 
 BANDAGI^^a. 
 
 (SELECTED FROM GOFFRES PRECIS DE BANDAGES.) 
 
 BY ORDER OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL. 
 
 RICHMOND: 
 
 18«4. 
 
C N T E NjT S . 
 
 PAGE 
 
 General Description of Bandages 7 
 
 Bandages for the Head 14 
 
 Bandages for the Trunk .'. 26 
 
 Bandages for Upper Extremities 31 
 
 Bandages for Lower Extremities 38 
 
 Explanation of Plates 47 
 
 401980 
 
GENERAL DESCEIPTION 
 
 OK 
 
 BANDAGES. 
 
 Bandages receive names from their composition ; they are 
 termed simjyle when composed of one piece, and compoiuid 
 when composed of one or more pieces, whether separate or 
 sewed together. The diflferent pieces of a bandage may be 
 simple, or split into a number of tails, or perforated ; some 
 are both spAit and perforated. . 
 
 The mode of application, as well as their shape, also give 
 names to bandages: such as the circular, the spjiral, the crossj 
 the spica, the invafjinated , iha fgure of ei<jht, the T handayCj 
 etc. The appropriateness of these names is sufficiently indi- 
 cated in the descriptive application of each. 
 
 There is another system of bandaging, to which the French 
 give the name of Linge Plein, executed with handkerchiefs, 
 napkins, cravats, square pieces of linen, etc. These appliances 
 do not, however, justify the enthusiasm of their patron, M. 
 Mayor. They answer very well for slings, but their applica- 
 tion cannot be made sufficiently uniform to serve the purposes 
 of support afforded by the ordinary bandage. 
 
 Bandages are a kind of support, whose length and breadth 
 ought to be proportioned to the parts to which they are ap- 
 plied, and they should never exceed twelve yards in length 
 and three inches in breadth ; bandages longer or wider than 
 this are difficult to roll, hard to maintain, and awkward to 
 apply. Ordinary bandages are from one and a half to two 
 
 /fi£\M €\G£\ 
 
and a half inclies broad and tliree yards long. The ends of 
 a bandage are called initial and termhial; their surfaces in- 
 ternal and external; and their borders mperior and inferior. 
 
 Bandages may be prepared with the tissues of hemp, flax, 
 cotton, wool, and even caoutchouc The English prefer wool- 
 len bandages, which, according to them, compress without 
 binding tightly, and adapt themselves, by their elasticity, to 
 the different changes of volume which a part may undergo, 
 keep up an equable and gentle warmth, and preserve, for a 
 long time, the liquids of fomentation. But, despite these 
 aclvantnges, they are little employed j their cost is too great; 
 they become easily soiler' ; shrink when washed, and absorb 
 with great facility putrid matters, of which it is very difficult 
 to cleanse them. 
 
 The bandages most commonly employed are such as are 
 made from lin^n or cotton. When they are not intended to 
 come in contact with the parts, it matters but little whether 
 they are made of linen or cotton; in the contrary case, linen 
 should be preferred to cotton, which heats and irritates the 
 delicate and susceptible skin. 
 
 Dr. Gariel, who has made in surgery such happy applica- 
 tions of vulcanized India-rubber, has proposed bandages made 
 with this substance. Experience has taught us that their 
 application is easy and uniform ; but their expansion by heat, 
 their contraction by cold, the obstacle which they oppose to 
 cutaneous transpiration, and, above all, the difficulty of regu- 
 lating, in an adequate manner, the degree of constriction, 
 force us to regard them as only calculated to fulfill some par- 
 ticular indications. 
 
 "Bandages," says Hippocrates, "should be light, supple, 
 clean, without seams or eminences, strong, in order that they 
 may stand traction, or even offer a little more resistance." It 
 is also important that they should be cut by a straight thread ; 
 without this, their edges ravel, become fringed, tangled, and 
 they are difficult to apply. Unfortunately, it is not easy to 
 obtain a straight thread ; therefore, it has been proposed, in 
 place of it, to secure each edge of the bandage by a whip- 
 stitch. This, however, is difficult to effect ; for, if the stitch 
 be at all tight, the edges of the bandage offer more resistance 
 than its body, and then the bandage compresses in an unequal 
 manner and produces often intolerable pain. To remedy this 
 !neonTenienoe„ the Germans fabricate their bandages with a 
 
OS BANDAGING. ^ 
 
 loose, Hf2;lit, porous tissue, woven like Bilk ribbon ; that is to 
 say, with a long horsehair in the edges, which is immediately 
 withdrawn, and which leaves, instead of a selvage, a series of 
 little curls, by the aid of whicb they stretch and take with 
 great facility. These bandages appear to be exceedingly con- 
 venient; they were long ago recommended by Percy, who 
 gave them the name of bnndes houclecs, and they have been 
 eulogized by all authors who have devoted themselves to the 
 subject of bandaging It would be desirable to have them 
 adopted in all hospital establishments, where, despite the ex- 
 pense, bandages are so defective. 
 
 Sometimes bandages are not long enough and have to be 
 pieced ; this operation should be performed with care. Two 
 processes may be adopted : in the first, the two ends are laid 
 one upon the other and sewed together face to face ; in the 
 second, the two extremities are brought together and secured 
 by a seam half an inch from their edges, each end being then 
 turned back upon its respective bandage and sewed down. 
 There is no preference for one or the otlier of these modes of 
 joining a bandage ; both of them enable us to avoid ridges 
 and inequalities, and are preferable to other 'met hod :i recom- 
 mended by certain authors. 
 
 In order to be abje to make u.so of a bandage, it li indis- 
 pensable to roll it, upon itself in such a manner as to give it, 
 cither the form of a single cylinder, in the centre of which is 
 found the terminal end, while the initial end is free, or in the 
 form of two cylinders; in this way it is rolled by its two ends 
 until they meet at a given point. In the first case, it is called 
 a shujlc-hf'uded roller ; in the second, it is called a douhU- 
 hf'adrd roller. 
 
 It is not such an easy matter, as at first supposed, to roll a 
 bandage well ; a good deal of pains ought, therefore, be taken 
 to accustom one's-self to it. A bandage badly rolled yields 
 and escapes from the fingers, and is very difficult to apply; 
 when, on the contrary, it is well rolled, it can be held firmly, 
 and applied with mote dexterity, promptitude and precision. 
 To wind a bandage well, the terminal end must be seized and 
 folded four or five times upon itself, in the form of a small 
 roller, which is seized with the tliumb, the index and middle 
 fingers of each hand, in such a way as to impress several 
 turns of rotation upon itself; when it has acquired a cert'tia 
 volume, its axis is placed between the pulp of the thumb, of 
 
10 ON BANDA6IKG. 
 
 the second and third fingers of the left hand, while the por- 
 tion not rolled is seized between the thumb and the radial 
 border of the right index, in order to stretch and direct it. 
 That done, the roller is made to rotate upon itself by the aid 
 of the middle, ring and little fingers of the right hand, which 
 are at the same time to maintain it in the palm of the same 
 hand. When tbe roller has been made to execute a certain 
 number of turns, and it is perceived not to be sufficiently 
 tight, it must be held immovable between the fingers of the 
 left hand, while the bandage is pulled with force by the right 
 hand. If a single traction is not sufficient, it is repeated as 
 often as necessary, and we thus succeed in giving to the 
 bandage the firmness necessary for its proper application. 
 
 When the bandage is to be made into a double-headed 
 roller, each one of its ends is rolled in the same manner alter- 
 nately until they meet; ordinarily, more volume is given to 
 one roller than the other, in order that one of the ends may 
 be fixed and the bandage terminated with more regularity. 
 
 The rules relative to the application of bandages diff'er 
 according as they are wound in one or two rollers. 
 
 To» apply regularly the single roller handage, the roller must 
 be held between the extremity of the thumb and the index 
 and middle fingers of the right hand (pi. 1 , A, fig. 1), un- 
 wind it lightly, while the initial end is held upon the point 
 diametrically opposite the wound with the pulp of the thumb 
 and index finger of the left hand (b, fig. 1 j ; it is fixed by two 
 or three circular turns (2, 3, 4, fig. 2), and continued until 
 the bandage is exhausted, when it is applied to a part entirely 
 cylindrical ; when, on the contrary, it is applied to a conical 
 part, such as the superior or inferior limbs, it is necessary, in 
 order to avoid the fannelsj which would cause the bandage to 
 lose all of its solidity, to have recourse to the circumvolutions 
 known under the name of doloires, which are interrupted by 
 what are called reverses. This is done by making obliquely 
 with the aid of the left thumb (A, fig. 2), on the external face 
 of the bandage, a fold upon itself, in such a way that the 
 superior edge becomes inferior (5, 5, G, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 
 fig. 2), and that it thus becomes appHed alternately upon the 
 one and the other faces. 
 
 When the bandage is not intended to cover a long surface, 
 you may, instead of securing the initial end, let it hang free 
 five or six inches, and fix it thus by circular turns, avS in the 
 
ON BANDAGING. 11 
 
 preceding process. The hanging end may then be tied to the 
 terminal, and thus serve to finish the bandage and secure its 
 solidity. 
 
 When the bandage is entirely applied it may be secured, 
 either by proceeding as we have just intimated, or by split- 
 ting the terminal end and tieing the two strips which result 
 from this section, or by means of a needle and thread, or, 
 lastly, which is the most usual, by means of pins. " They 
 should always,'^ says M. Gerdy, ''be attached in such a man- 
 ner that the convexity of the part does not make the point 
 salient; that the latter, concealed in the thickness of the 
 turns of the bandage, does not wound either the patient in 
 the interval, or the surgeon at the moment of the dressing. 
 Nor should the point of the pin be turned towards the end of 
 the bandage, because, if the points of the pins were not solidly 
 fixed by traversing alternately the end of the bandage and 
 the circular turns which are below, they would ea^ly become 
 detached.'' 
 
 Whatever be the method resorted to, the last turn of the 
 bandage must be fixed at a point diametrically opposite to the 
 part injured : we thu.^ avoid the pain of inconvenient pres- 
 sure; when the length of this turn is insufiicient for follow- 
 ing this precept, it must be shortened by folding it back to a 
 convenient distance. 
 
 The application of the double-roller handaf/c is much more 
 difficult, and it requires a good deal of practice to succeed iu 
 executing it skillfully. M. Gerdy being of all authors the one 
 who has given the best precepts with regard to it, we will 
 borrow from him the description of the following procedure, 
 which he designates under the name of hitercros&huj hy re- 
 verse. We have endeavored to render it comprehensible in 
 figure o, plate 1, and in the smaller figure 7, plate 2. 
 
 " Seize," says he, '•' the two rollers with both hands, apply 
 the external face of the bandage over one of the points of cir- 
 cumference of the part to be covered by the bandage ; then 
 unwind at the same time and in an equal manner the two 
 rollers around this part (1, 1', pi. 1, fig. 3), until you have 
 conducted them to a point opposite to that where you com- 
 menced the bandage ; there deviate obliquely one of the two 
 rollers above or below ; continue, on the contrary, to carry 
 the other and its band, following a horizontal line, until this 
 band encounters that of the first, cover it and cross it by 
 
m,' OS 'BX^sn.imm*: • 
 
 forming witli it an acute angle; then return and reverse 
 obliqiiely the first roller and the band deviated over the circu- 
 lar which covers it and crosses it (plate 2, minor figure 7) ; 
 then make the two rollers follow their primitive direction ; 
 bring them back a little above the point of departure, and 
 recommence in front the same manoeuvre made behind (2, 2^ 
 pi. 1, fig. 3) ; go on in this way to the end of the band (3, 3', 
 4, 4', pi. 1, fig. 3), and secure the last circumvolutions, as well 
 as one of the ends, by horizontal circular -turns made with the 
 most voluminous roller." 
 
 Besides the manual regulations which we have just traced, 
 the application of bandages is subject to other precepts, the 
 importance of which we cannot too strongly enforce. Thus 
 the surgeon should place himself in snch a eouvenient attitude 
 and in such a manner as not to have to move when passing 
 the bandage around the patient. The latter should be placed 
 in the most «onvenienfc position for sparing him pain, and in 
 such a way that the wounded part may not be exposed to any 
 jdstling or intemperate pressure. The bandage should be 
 neither too loose nor too tight; in general, all those which 
 are not employed with a view to compression, should only be 
 light enough to insure necessary solidity. Unfortunately, it 
 is far from being easy to hit the proper degree of constric- 
 tion ; this precision can only be acquired by habit and long 
 practice We are disposed to think we have obtained this 
 point when the parts form above the circumvolutions a slight 
 pro'nun once, soft, easily depressed, and not painful to the 
 touch. When, on the contrary, the parts are the seat of 
 violet- colored swelling, numbness and lively pain, it is an in- 
 dication that the bandage is too tight; we must hasten then 
 to- relax it, in order to avoid the development of gangrene. 
 For tlie rest, tlie degree of constriction given to the bandage 
 varies p.ccording to its humidity or dryness. With a view of 
 obtaining in this respect fixed rules, A. Berard practised some 
 experiments, of which the following is the result : 
 
 1st. Whether a bandage is applied dry or moistened, the 
 pressure exercised by it augments with the number of turns 
 that it describes; if, for example, Regnier's dynanometre, 
 upon which it is wound, marks eleven degrees at the tenth 
 turn, it will mark a little more at the fifteenth, a little more 
 still at the twentieth. 
 
 2d. All things being otherwise equal, a moist bandage 
 
presses more strongly than a dry one : thus, in many consecu- 
 tive experiments, the game bandage has been seen, applied 
 dry and moist, mark two or three more degrees in the f?econd 
 case than in the first. 
 
 3d. A bandage, whether applied dry or wet, gradually 
 relaxee in such a way that the pressure exercised by it di- 
 minishes from day to day; but, if it is wet, the pressure 
 diminishes much more rapidly and completely, because this 
 phenomenon depends at once upon its dei»iccation and relaxa- 
 tion : therefore, the pressure exercised by a dry bandage is 
 less, but persists longer, and is more uniform : that obtained 
 from a wet bandage is greater, more unequal, and less con- 
 stant. 
 
 4th. When a dry bandage is applied and left in place for 
 several days, the pros^sure descends several degrees : if the 
 bandage is then moistened without being deranged, it tishtens 
 rapidly and to such an extent, that the pressure exceeds the 
 degree that it had attained at the moment of application ; but 
 in proportion as the apparatus dries, the turns of the bandage 
 relax, the pressure diminishes anew, talis lower than ever, and 
 even ceases sometimes entirely. 
 
 Whatever be the purposes and the form of a bandage, the 
 man of art should kno77 how to combine eJBicacy with dex- 
 terity and elegance. A bandage well applied inspires more 
 confidence, re-assures the patient, persuades him that all pos- 
 sible care has been taken to insure his cure, and gives, at the 
 same time, a good opinion of the surgeon. In that we should 
 imitate A. Pare, and say, with him, ''after having applied a 
 bandage, we should see that it has- been properly doiuj, that 
 it is comely to the view, in order to content the patients and 
 friends, for every one in his profession should embellish his 
 work as far as possible." 
 
BANDAGES FOR THE HEAD. 
 
 In general, all bandages of the head flatter and please the 
 eye when they are well applied, but they are difficult, com- 
 plicated, and it is only by the aid of frequent practice that 
 we succeed in giving them proper regularity. The spherical 
 form of the head and the presence of the hair favoring the 
 slipping of the bandages, we are generally much disposed to 
 apply them too tightly -, it is, however, very essential to avoid 
 this excess, for they then become oppressive, occasion severe 
 pain, and may often cause dangerous complications. The best 
 means of succeeding is to first cover the head with a cap ; this 
 simple precaution will enable us to give to the bandage sufii- 
 cient solidity without increasing the constriction. It should 
 be employed in all bandaging for the head, and we beg the 
 reader to remember this statement, in order to avoid the 
 monotony of repeating it at each description. 
 
 CIRCULAR FOR THE FOREHEAD AND EYES. 
 
 Comi^osUion. — A bandage four yards long and from one 
 and a half to two inches broad. 
 
 Application. — Cover the head with a cap and fix the initial 
 end of the bandage over the forehead by two circular turns ; 
 then descend little by little over the eyes, making four or five 
 additional circles; mount again over the forehead, make a last 
 turn, and fasten the bandage on one side of the head with a 
 pin. 
 
 Uses. — This bandage is exceedingly simple. It is used to 
 protect the eyes, to shade them from the contact of light, 
 and to maintain topical applications in ophthalmia, lachrymal 
 fistula, or after the operation for cataract. 
 
BANDAGES FOR fBB BEAD. " 15 
 
 CROSS FOR ONE EYE.— FIRST VARIETY. 
 
 (Plate 2, Figure 4.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage six yards long and from one and 
 a half to two inches broad. 
 
 Application. — If you wish to cover the right eye, place the 
 initial end of the bandage above this eye, and make a circular 
 horizontal turn from the forehead, passing above the eyebrows 
 and the ears (1, 2). Having arrived at the nape, pass under 
 the right ear and come towards the angle of the lower jaw ; 
 from thence mount obliquely over the cheek, the internal 
 angle of the eye, and the root of the nose; gain the left parietal 
 protuberance (3), re-descend to the nape, and make a circular 
 turn of the forehead,(4); returned to the nape, repeat a simi- 
 lar oblique and a similar circular turn (5, G), taking care not 
 to cover the first turns of the bandage more than half way ; 
 repeat the same manoeuvre two or three times (7, 8, 9), and 
 terminate by circular turns around the head (10). 
 
 Uses. — They are the same as those of the preceding band- 
 age. This variety for the eye is not very solid ; it requires 
 to be watched and frequently re-applied It will be under- 
 stood, of course, that if the bandage is intended to cover the 
 left eye, it should be applied in an inverse sense. 
 
 SECOND VARIETY. 
 
 (Plate 2, Figure 5.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage from seven to eight yards long 
 and from one and a half to two inches broad. 
 
 Application. — If it is the right eye which is to be covered, 
 leave hanging over the right side of the body of the lower 
 jaw a pendant jet, about three-quarters of a yard in length ; 
 then carry the bandage obliquely over the cheek, mounting 
 towards the internal angle of the right eye, the root of the 
 nose, the forehead, the left parietal protuberance (A, 1), and 
 descend to the nape; from there come below the right ear, and 
 fix, by a semi-circle of the neck (a, 2), the pendant (b, 1). 
 Arrived at the nape, ascend obliquely above the right ear, 
 make a horizontal circle of the forehead (a, 3) to fix there the; 
 jet (a, 1). Keturned to the nape, pass below the right ear 
 to make a second semi-circle of the neck (a, 4), iii order to 
 
16 ON BANDACMKG^ 
 
 fix the jet (b, 2), that you have taken care to raise as far as 
 the forehead, before the passage of the circular turn. From 
 the nape return to the forehead, making a second horizontal 
 circle (a, 5), which will fix the jet (b, 2). Reverse then this 
 jet, in the form of an ear, over the circular (a, 5'), and direct 
 it towards the neck to form the jet (b, 3). From the nape, 
 make a third semi-circle of the neck (A, 6), which will fix 
 the jet (b, 3). Elevate this jet, it will form then the jet 
 (b, 4), destined to be carried upon the forehead, when a third 
 circle of the forehead (a, 7) will have fixed the ear of the 
 jets (b, 2, and B, 3). Then fix to the neck, by a fourth semi- 
 circle (a, 8), the ear formed by the jets (b, 3) and (e, 4), 
 and return to the nape, to make from thence a fourth circle 
 of the forehead (a, 9). Reverse upon this circle, in the form 
 of an ear (b, 5), what remains of the tliiee-quarters of a yard 
 forming the pendant jet, and floish by circular turns around 
 the head with the roller (a, lU). 
 
 Uses. — This bandage is much more solid than the pre- 
 ceding ; it should be employed in all cases where it is neces- 
 sary to exercise pressure over the fionto-ooulo-nasal region. 
 
 CROSS FOR BOTH EYES.— FIRST VARIETY, WITH ONE 
 ROLLER. 
 
 (Plate 2, Figure 6.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage from seven to eight yards long 
 and from one and a half to two inches broad. 
 
 Application. — Place the initial end of the bandage above 
 the right eyebrow, and fix it by a horizontal circular turn 
 around the forehead (I, 2). Arrived at the nape, pass below 
 the right ear, gain the angle of the right lower jaw; ascend 
 obliquely over the cheek, the internal angle of the eye, and 
 the left parietal protuberance, taking the precaution to pass 
 the bandage between it and the pavilion of the ear (3). From 
 thence gain the nape, ascend obliquely towards the summit of 
 the right parietal protuberance, descend towards the root of 
 the nose, the externa] angle of the left eye, and the left angle 
 of the lower jaw (4). Return then to the nape, and fix the 
 two obliques by a circle around the forehead (5). The nape 
 reached, gain the right angle of the lower jaw, and make a 
 second oblique, which will cover the first for two-thirds, from 
 the internal angle of the eye towards the external angle (6) ; 
 
gain the left parietal protuberance, and cover the ^rst plane 
 of bandage from below upwards; regain then the right parie- 
 tal protuberance by acting in an inverse sense — that is to say, 
 by covering the plane of the bandage (4) from above down- 
 wards (7); cover the left eye, make a fourth circle of the 
 forehead (8), then two new obliques (9, lOj, and terminate 
 by circular turns around the forehead (11). 
 
 SECOND TARIETY, WITH THE DOUBLE ROLLER. 
 
 (Plate 2, Figures 7 and Minor T.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage eight yards long, by one and a 
 half to two inches broad, rolled into two heads of unequal 
 size. 
 
 Application. — Place the face of the bandage upon the an- 
 terior and middle part of the forehead, above the eyebrows 
 (1, T); direct the two rollers above the cars, descend lo the 
 na|,e, intercross the two rollers by reversinsr the inferior (1, 2, 
 minor fig. 7) upon the superior (!', 2', minor fig. 7 ). Change 
 them from hand to hand, bring them back upon the angles of 
 the jaw, ascend obliquely over the cheeks and the root of the 
 nose, where you will intercross in the form of an X, by pass- 
 ing the one held in the right hand below the other (2, 2'). 
 Change hands with the rollers, and direct them over the 
 parietal protuberances, in order to descend to the posterior 
 part of the occiput, where you will intercross them again by 
 repeating the reverse. From thence, after having changed 
 hands again with the rollers, bring them back horizontally 
 over the forehead, where you will intercross them by reversing 
 the inferior over the superior (8, 8'); conduct them to the 
 nape, in order, after having crossed them, to bring them back 
 over the angles of the jaw. Repeat in this way, four or five 
 times, the intercrossings at the nape, the X of the nose and 
 the horizontals of the forehead (4, 4', 5, 5', 6, 6', 7, 7', !^, 8' ), 
 and terminate by circular turns around the head, in order to 
 i^cure the diflferent planes of the bandage, as indicated at 
 page 8. 
 
 Uses. — The double cross fulfills for both eyes the same in- 
 dications as in the single cross for one eye. The first variety 
 is far less solid than the second ; the latter, on the other hand, 
 is much more difficult of application. 
 
18' . on BANDAGIKG. 
 
 SIMPLE CROSS FOR THE LOWER JAW. 
 
 (Plate 3, Figure 8.) 
 
 Composition, — A bandage eight yards long, by one and a 
 half to two inches broad. 
 
 Application. — Make two horizontal circular turns of the 
 forehead (1, 2). Arrived at the nape, pass under the right 
 ear, if the disease for which the bandage is applied is on the 
 left side, and vice versa if it is on the right; then under the 
 chin ; from whence you will mount towards the left temple 
 in passing over the angle of the jaw; from then.ce ascend 
 directly, between the anterior part of the ear and the external 
 angle of the eye, to the vertex (3) ; from whence you will 
 take an oblique direction towards the right ear, over which 
 you will pass the bandage : then pass again under the chin, 
 to return to the vertex, continuing to direct the bandage be- 
 tween the left ear and the external angle of the orbit (4) ; 
 pass again over the right ear, return under the chin and over 
 the vertex, in order to repeat a third vertical circle (5). 
 Having arrived under the chin, direct your roller towards 
 the nape (6), so as to bring it back to the forehead, in order 
 to make a horizontal circle (7) ; arrived at the nape, conduct 
 your bandage over the chin by passing immediately beneath 
 the lower lip (8) ; make a second circle similar to this last 
 (9), but a fraction of an inch lower. From the nape, pass 
 under the chin, taking care to include a part of the lower 
 border of the preceding turn between it and the ehin ; then, 
 after having made a fourth and fifth vertical circle (10, 11), 
 return under the chin, gain the nape (12), and finish by cir- 
 cular turns around the head (lo),. 
 
 Uses. — This bandage is em^t/loyed to insure immobility of 
 the lower jaw in cases of fracture and luxation. It will also 
 answer for maintaining topical applications upon and under 
 the chin, as well as over the parotid region. 
 
 DOUBLE CROSS FOR THE LOWER JAW.— FIRST VARIETY, 
 WITH ONE ROLLER. 
 
 (Plate 3, Figure 9.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage ten yards long, by one and a 
 half to two inches broad. 
 
BA^DAQSSTOB. THE HB^P. 19 
 
 Application. — Make two horizontal circular turns of the 
 forehead (1, 2) ; arrived at the nape, conduct the bandage 
 obliquely under the right ear, make a semi- circle of the neck 
 (3), pass under the chin, then cover the left angle of the 
 lower jaw, and ascend, in passing between the external angle 
 of the eye and the anterior part of the ear, towards the fore- 
 head. Direct then your bandage obliquely between it and 
 the summit of the head, so as to reach the right parietal pro- 
 tuberance and the nape (4) ; i'rom thence come over the left 
 parietal protuberance, pass again between the forehead and 
 the summit of the head, and descend, after having crossed 
 the turn (4), under the chin in passing behind the right angle 
 of the lower jaw (5). From the chin, pass again over the 
 left angle of the lower jaw, ascend again to the forehead, re- 
 gain obliquely the nape (6), the left parietal protuberance, 
 the right angle of the lower jaw and the chin (7), in crossing 
 the turn (G). From the chin, pass again, for the third time, 
 over the left angle of the lower jaw, so as to ascend again to 
 the forehead ; descend to the nape (><)., return over the left 
 parietal protuberance, over the right angle of the lower jaw, 
 and redescend to the chin (9), in such a way as to have three 
 vertical obliques behind each angle of the jaw and six obliques 
 between the forehead and the summit of the head. From the 
 chin, gain the nape ; then make a horizontal circle of the 
 forehead (10), in order to fill all the turns; arrived at the 
 nape, make a circle of the neck (11) j then, when this circle 
 shall have reached the nape, conduct the bandage directly 
 beneath the right ear, from thcDce over the chin, in passing 
 immediately beneath the lower lip (12). Repeat this opera- 
 tion a second time, as for the simple cross (13); then make 
 a semi-circle of the neck (14) so as to gain the left angle of 
 the jaw; ascend again to the forehead, descend obliquely to 
 the nape (15), pass over the left parietal protuberance, the 
 right angle of the lower jaw, under the chin (16), over the 
 left angle of the lower jaw, and ascend again between the 
 forehead and the summit of the head ; gain the nape (17), 
 the left parietal protuberance, redescend under the chin (18), 
 and terminate by circular turns around the head (19). 
 
 C'ses. — This bandage is employed in cases of luxation or of 
 double fractures of the body and neck of the lower jaw. Ap- 
 plied as we have just described it, this bandage is much more 
 
eompKcated, but unicli more durable^ than that recommended 
 byThillaye. 
 
 SECOND VARIETY, WITH THE DOUBLE ROLLER. 
 (Plate 3, Figueb 10.) 
 
 Composition, — A bandage twelve yards long, one and a half 
 to two inches broad, rolled into two heads of unequal size. 
 
 Application. — After having applied the face of the bandage 
 intermediate between the two rollers over the middle of the 
 forehead (1, 1'); direct the rollers obliquely above the ears so 
 as to descend to the nape^ where you will intercross them in 
 changing them from hand to hand ; from thence carry them 
 under the chin {21), where you will intercross them by simply 
 passing one below the other, so as to mount to the right and 
 the left in covering the angles of the lower jaw, as far as the 
 anterior and superior part of the forehead, where you will 
 intercross them anew by reversing the superior (2, 2) ; then 
 carry each of the two rollers to the nape in making the in- 
 ferior bandage pass between the right parietal protuberance 
 and the ear (3') and the bandage which has been reversed 
 over the left parietal protuberance. At the nape, intercross 
 each roller a second time so as to return under the chin (3) ; 
 ascend over the angles of the lower jaw, intercross them over 
 the forehead (4', 4'), and redescend to the nape (4) ; from 
 the nape return a third time under the chin (5'), over the 
 angles of the lower jaw, the forehead, and again to the nape 
 (5, 5), in acting as we have indicated. Arrived at this point, 
 leave the bandage which ought to make the reverse in repose, 
 and make with the one which covers it a circle around the 
 forehead (6), in order to inclose on each side the six obliques; 
 then, when the circular shall have returned to the nape, make 
 the reverse, and direct the two rollers simultaneously in front 
 of the. chin, in order to embrace it; these, in order to avoid 
 puckering, reverse the inferior bandage over the superior. 
 From the chin, direct each roller towards the nape, intercross 
 them, gain the under part of the chin (8), the angles of the 
 jaw, the forehead, and again the nape (8', 8); repeat a second 
 time the same manoeuvre (9', 10, 10) ; and terminate by stop- 
 ping the roller (11') with the roller (11), which should make 
 several circular turns around the head, in order to secure all 
 the circumvolutions. 
 
BANDAGJCS FOU THfc HJtAD. 21 
 
 Uses. — They are the same as those of the preceding bandage. 
 The double cross for the jaw with two rollers is still more 
 solid than that applied with one roller, but it is necessary to 
 employ a great deal of care in its applicatiou which is exces- 
 sively difficult. 
 
 CROSS FOR THE HEAD. 
 
 (Platu 3. Figure 11.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage six yards long, by one and a half 
 to two inches broad. 
 
 Application. — If the bandage is to be applied over the right 
 temple, make two horizoutul* circular turns around the fore- 
 head, placing the initial end above the right eyebrow (1, 2) ; 
 arrived behind thr^ right oar. secure the turn with a pin, and 
 make a reverse with it from above downwards (o), in order to 
 direct the bandage under the chin. From thence mount by 
 passing over the left ear to the vertex, descend to the right, 
 covering half of the reverse, regain the under part of the 
 chin (4), so as to make in the same manner three or four 
 vertical circles, or even more, if necessary (5, 0, 7, 8). "When 
 the parts are sufficiently covered, secure the last vertical circle 
 in front of the temple with a pin, then make a second re- 
 verse (0), in order to direct the bandage towards the opposite 
 temple, and maintain the whole by horizontal circular turns 
 around the forehead. 
 
 0'.>\. — This bandage is very convenient; it is frequently 
 emploj'ed to maintain topical applications in di>cases of the 
 ear, of the parotid gland, and of the submaxillary and supra- 
 hyoid regions. 
 
 KNOTTED BANDAGE FOR THE HSAD— (BALERS KNOT.) 
 
 (Pi.AT^ 4, Figure lU.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage ten yards long by one and a half 
 to two inches broad, made into two rollers of unequal size. 
 
 Application. — ^ Apply the face of the bandage horizontally 
 over the diseased temple, the left temple f^r example; direct 
 the two rollers towards the right temple (1, 1') where you 
 will intercross them by reversing the superior over the infe- 
 rior, then bring them back over the diseased temple (2, 2'). 
 
%2 ON BANDAGING. 
 
 these form an car by twisting one over the other, and chang- 
 ing their direction in such a manner that one may be directed 
 under the chin (3') and the other over the summit of the head 
 (3), from whence they will come to be intercrossed again 
 over the right temple, to gain a second time the under surface 
 of the chin, the summit of the head and the left temple (4, 4'). 
 Form then a second ear like the first, but in an inverse sense, 
 that is to say by directing the rollers horizontally, the one 
 over the forehead and the other over the nape (5, 5') as far 
 as the right temple, from whence, after having,^intercrosscd 
 them, they will be brought back over the left temple (6, 6') 
 to make there a third ear like the first (7, 7'), make then a 
 fourth ear like the second and terminate by horizontal circu- 
 lar turns around the forehead with the aid of the largest roller. 
 Uses. — This bandage is recommended for exerting com- 
 pression in the case of lesion of the temporal artery ; its action 
 is aided by placing on each side of the wound a small gradu- 
 ated compress (a, e). Destined to remain in place until the 
 obliteration of the artery and to be tighter than any other of 
 the head, it must be applied with care and watched attentively 
 in order to avoid the accidents which too great a compression 
 might occasion. 
 
 RECURRENT FOR THE HEAD— (CAPELIXE.) 
 (Platk 4, Figure 13.) 
 
 Composition.'-^ A. bandage eight yards long by one and a 
 half to two inches broad, made into two unequal rollers. 
 
 Aj^pliratioiL. — Apply the face of the bandage over the an- 
 terior part of the forehead (1, 1'), direct the rollers above the 
 eyebrows and the ears in descending obliquely to the nape 
 where you will intercross them by reversing the inferior over 
 the superior, in sueh a way as to bring the first from the oc- 
 ciput to the root of the nose (2) in passing over the summit 
 of the head, following the track of the sagittal suture (the 
 name recurrent is given to this turn of the bandage). Then 
 make with the second a horizontal semi-circle of the forehead 
 (2) in order to fix the reversed turn. Thus fixed, this is 
 raised up over the circular to make a second recurrent which 
 you will direct this time from the forehead to the nape in 
 going from left to right and in covering the first for the third 
 of its breadth (3); fix to the nape this second recurrent by a 
 
BAITOAGES POTv THE HEAD. '23 
 
 horizontal semi-circle, make a third reversed turn towards the 
 forehead in directing it from right to left (4) and fix it by a 
 horizontal semi-circle (3'). Continue thus, and make suc- 
 cessively from left to right and from right to left reversed 
 turns from the forehead to the nape and from the nape to the 
 forehead, in taking care to dispose them in the form of slices 
 of melon and to secure them by circular turns until the head 
 is completely covered (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 5' 6'), then ter- 
 minate the bandage by two or three horizontal circular turns 
 with the aid of the roller (7'). 
 
 Cscs. — Recourse is had to this bandage in case of wounds 
 of the scalp, to support the sutures or topical applications to 
 this region. It is a very elegant bandage, but is rarely used, 
 because in order to give solidity it is necessary to apply it 
 very tightly. 
 
 The recurrent of the head may also be executed with a sin- 
 gle roller ; this variety does not differ from the other except 
 in the manner of maintaining the reverse?. We will describe 
 it in detail when we come to consider the bandages for ampu- 
 tation,, for which it is more particularly employed. 
 
 DOUBLE T FOR THE yO^E. 
 (Plate 4, Fi«uuk U.) 
 
 Componition. — A bandage two yards long and one and a 
 quarter inches wide, to the middle of which is sewed perpen- 
 dicularly, and at the distance of one and a quarter inches 
 one from the other, two other ))andagcs half a yard long and 
 Ibur-tit'ths of an inch broad. 
 
 AppJication. — Apply over the upper lip the" portion of the 
 transverse bandage between the two perpendicular ones, and 
 conduct each extremity, passing below the ears (b, 1, 1'), to 
 the nape, where you will confide them to an assistant, after 
 having intercrossed themj then carry obliquely as far as the 
 root of the nose the two perpendicular bands, cross them, 
 carry them over the forehead (A, a), the summit of the head, 
 leaving between them an interval of one and a quarter inches. 
 From the summit of the head direct them towards the nape, 
 when you will secure them by a knot, after having passed 
 them the one beneath, the other above the transverse band. 
 Then take the two rollers of the latter (b', b*), from the 
 hands of the assistant, and bring them around the forehead, 
 
14 ON HANUAUINU. 
 
 to be secured hy a pin after making one or two horizontal 
 circular turns. 
 
 Uses.-— Th\8 bandage is used to sustain the dressings after 
 a rhinoplastic operation, or for the treatment of fracture of 
 the bones of the none proper. 
 
 INVAGINATED OR UNITINC; BANDAGE FOR VERTICAL 
 ^ WOUNDS OF THE LIP. 
 
 (Plate 4, Figurs 15). 
 
 Qymposition. — 1st. A bandaare three yards long and four- 
 fifths of an inch wide, made into a double roller. 2d. A long, 
 double corapres-^, one and a half yards long and two and a 
 half inches broad. 3d. Two graduated prismatic compresses-, 
 two and a half inches lono: and one and a half inches broad, 
 and having a thickness of from two and half to three inches, 
 according to the greater or less i^alieucy of the cheeks. 
 
 Application.— WdtQ the graduated compresses (b, b) in 
 the hollow below the check-bone, half an inch from the labial 
 commissures ; have them held by an assistant who, placed 
 behind the patient, approsimates them as much as possible 
 without deranging them, in such a manner as to relax the 
 upper lip ; then apply the centre of the long compress over the 
 summit of the head, bring the extremities under the chin 
 in passing over the graduated compresses, and have them held 
 temporarily by the hand of an assistant or of the patient. 
 Apply then the centre of the double roller bandage over the 
 forehead (1, 1'), direct the two rollers to the nape, from 
 whence, after having intercrossed them and changed hands, 
 3^ou will bring them back in passing above the long compress 
 and the graduated compresses which the assistant then ceases 
 to hold, over the upper lip, at the centre of which one of the 
 pollers will pass through a transverse slit previously made in 
 one of the bandages (2. 2') ) then draw with sufi&cient force 
 upon the rollers, carry them back to the nape to be intercrossed 
 again, and bring them back a second time in front of the up- 
 per lip (3, 3'), then to the nape where you will confide them 
 to an assistant. That done, take hold yourself of the ends of 
 the long compress, cross them under the chin ; carry them, 
 in covering on both sides the bandages and graduated com- 
 presses to the vertex, where you will intercross them once 
 more in order to fix them over the temples by means of pins ; 
 
ean'dAgks for thk head. 25 
 
 then take hold again of the two rollers at the nape, carry 
 taVLXtS. ""'"'' ''°' ^™"*'* '' -era,''h;riz„S: 
 Uses.— This bandage is resorted to to aid the action of su- 
 ( ores in approximating the edges of wounds of the upper lip, 
 ^^hethPr after a traumatic lesion, or after the operation for 
 
BANDAGES FOR THE TRUNK. 
 
 FIGURE OF EIGHT FOR ONE SHOULDER AND THE OPPO- 
 SITE AXILLA— ( SPICA FOR THE SHOULDER.) 
 
 (Plate 5, Figure 16. ) . 
 
 Composition. — A bandage eight yards long and two inches 
 broad. 
 
 Application. — Place the initial end (1) about the middle 
 of the injured arm — the right for example — and secure it by 
 two or three circular turns (2, 3 ) j arrived at the posterior 
 and internal part of this member, ascend behind the shoulder 
 so as to reach its superior part ; from thence descend to the 
 axilla of the sound side, by passing obliquely in front of the 
 chest (4), ascend obliquely behind the back, gain the supe- 
 rior part of the diseased shoulder, and descend under the. 
 axilla of the same side, crossing the first turn (5, 5). Ascend 
 again over the shoulder, re-descend to the sound axilla, ascend 
 again behind the back, over the diseased shoulder; re-descend 
 under the axilla of this side, and continue to act thus (8, 9, 
 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14) until the bandage is 
 exhausted, when the terminal end is to be secured to one of 
 the turns, either on the anterior or posterior aspect of the 
 chest. Thus applied, this bandage constitutes the descending 
 spictty because the turns of the bandage cover each other from 
 above downwards, from the upper part of the shoulder to its 
 lower; it may be applied in an inverse sense, or from below 
 upwards ; it then takes the name of ascending spica. The 
 first appears to us preferable, being firmer and more regular. 
 
 Uses. — This bandage serves to confine applications to the 
 upper portion of the sternum, over the clavicle and the sum- 
 mit of the shoulder. 
 
BANDAGES FOR THK TRU>K. 27, 
 
 ai;terior figure of eight for the shoulders. 
 
 ( Plate 5, Figure 17.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage eight yards long and two inches 
 broad. 
 
 Application. — Fix the initial end (1) by two circular turns 
 at the upper part of the right arm (2, 3); having reached the 
 internal and posterior part of this member, mount behind the 
 right shoulder and gain its superior part; then guide youself 
 obliquely in front of the chest, so as to descend under the 
 left axilla, (4, 4), ascend behind it, thence over the shoulder, 
 and descend, crossing the first turn, under the right axilla 
 (5, 5). Now mount again over the shoulder of this side, pass 
 obliquely in front of the chest, come under the left axilla 
 ((5, 6), over the shoulder, in front of the chest to reach the 
 right axilla by crossing the preceding turns (7, 7), and con- 
 tinue thus until there is a sufficient number of crosses in front 
 of the sternum (8, 8, 9, 9, 10). Finish the bandage by se- 
 curing the terminal end indifferently over the one or the other 
 shoulder. 
 
 Uses. — This bandage serves to preserve contact of the frag- 
 ments of the sternum in fractures of the upper part of this 
 bone ; it is also employed to dress burns between the shoul- 
 ders, in order to prevent bad cicatrization ] lastly, it will serve 
 to maintain reduced luxations of the internal end of the clavi- 
 cle forwards. In the two latter circumstances, its object is to 
 draw the shoulders forward; it is therefore necessary to place 
 them in this position before commencing it, and to maintain 
 them so by the aid of an assistant during thcT whole of its ap- 
 plication. It is useful, in order to prevent the inconvenient 
 pressure exerted in front and especially behind the axilla, to 
 protect these parts with wadding. 
 
 CROSS FOR both GL^OINS— (SPICA FOR BOfH GROINS.) 
 (Plate 6, Figure 18.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage fourteen yards long and two and 
 a half inches broad. 
 
 Appjlication. — Make first, from before backwards and from 
 right to left, two or three horizontal circular turns around the 
 abdomen (1,'2, 3); having arrived above the ^crest of the 
 
'28 ON BANDAGINO. 
 
 rig"ht ilium, take an oblique direction towards the left groin, 
 and gain the external face of the thigh of the same side 
 (4, 4, 4) ; pass behind it, come to its internal side, mount 
 over by passing over the left groin to above the left trochanter 
 major (5, 5); make behind a semi-circle of the abdomen; 
 arrived over the right trochanter major, descend in covering 
 the right groin to the internal part of the corresponding 
 thigh (6, 6) ; wind behind it, and ascend obliquely towards 
 the crest of the left ilium (7, 7, 7) ; practise a posterior ab- 
 dominal semi-circle ; then, from the right iliac spine, gain the 
 external part of the left thigh (8, 8, 8); get to its internal side, 
 ascend to the left trochanter major (9, 9), practise a posterior 
 abdominal semi-circle, pass over the right trochanter major, 
 descend obliquely to the internal part of the thigh of the same 
 side (10, 10), get to its external face, and ascend over the 
 left iliac spine (11, 11, 11) ; continue in this way until the 
 groins are sufficiently covered (12, 12, 12, 18, 14, 14, 15, 15), 
 then terminate with the roller (16) by circles around the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Instead of making the cross in t^iis way by ascending 
 (ascending spied), it may be executed, as in the succeed- 
 ing case, by working it from above downwards {descending 
 sjpica). 
 
 The spica for both groins may be also applied with a double- 
 headed roller. Fo» this purpose the centre of the bandage is 
 placed over the last lumbar vertebrae, and after having made 
 two or three circular turns around the abdomen, crossing the 
 turns alternately in front and behind, one of the rollers is 
 directed from right to left and the other from left to right 
 towards the iliac spines; from thence the external face of 
 each thigh is gained, crossing the bandage above the pubis. 
 Wind round the posterior face of each thigh and gain their 
 internal side; ascend, passing obliquely over the groins, to 
 the great trochanters, and, after having crossed the bandage 
 over the loins, direct the rollers again towards the iliac spines, 
 to descend again towards the external face of the thighs, re- 
 ascend over the groins, gain the loins, and continue thus the 
 number of turns necessary to cover the injured regions. The 
 cross for both groins, with the double roller, does not compen- 
 sate by any advantage the difficulties of its application; it 
 is with much trouble, and only by subjecting the patient to 
 painful movements, that we can make the crossing over the 
 
ba»dage6 for thk trl^-s ^i9 
 
 sacro-lumbar region; we, therefore, think that the single- 
 headed roller should always be preferred. 
 
 Uses. — The spica for both groins answers the same purposes 
 as the preceding when both groins are to be acted on. 
 
 CROSS FOR THE GROIN— (SPICA FOR THE GROIX.) 
 (Plate 6, Figure 19.) 
 
 Composition.- — A bandage nine yards long and two and a 
 half inches broad. 
 
 Application. — The spica may be applied either to the left 
 or right groin. If you wish to cover the latter, begin from 
 right to left of the patient, by making two or three horizontal 
 circular turns around the abdomen (1, 2, 3); then, after hav- 
 ing made the bandage pass over the space included between 
 the great trochanter and the crest of the ilium, direct it ob- 
 liquely towards the iaternal part of the corresponding thigh 
 (4,4); from there pass to its posterior part, following the 
 fold of the buttock, gain its external part, and ascend ob- 
 liquely, crossing over the first turn of the bandage, towards 
 the great trochanter of the left side (5, o). Make a horizon- 
 tal half-circle behind the abdomen, bring back your bandage 
 between the great trochanter and the crest of the right ilium, 
 gain obliquely the internal part of the thigh in covering the 
 first turn of the bandage for two-thirds of its width (6, 6j, 
 make a contour with the bandage by its posterior face, come 
 over its external face, and ascend obliquely over the great 
 trochanter of the left side (7, 7) ; make a new contour of the 
 abdomen behind, redescend to the internal part of the right 
 thigh, mount again over the great trochanter of the left side, 
 make a third posterior abdominal circle, and continue thus as 
 often as may be necessary for covering the right groin com- 
 pletely (8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 
 15, 16, 16, 17, 17). Finish, lastly, with the roller (18) by 
 circular turns around the trunk. 
 
 Uses. — This bandage may be employed for maintaining topi- 
 cal applications and all sorts of dressings over the groin; it 
 is, nevertheless, generally reserved for those circumstances in 
 which it is necessary to exert a solid and regular pressure 
 over this region, when there is question, for example, of com- 
 pressing engorged glands, producing pressure upon fistulous 
 tracts, maintaining a hernia, etc. ; in these different cases it 
 
is necessary to interpose round, oval or square graduated com- 
 presses between it and the points of compression. 
 
 Thus applied, this bandage constitutes the ascending sjpica. 
 The descending spica is executed by, instead of directing the 
 first oblique towards the point where you wish the bandage 
 to stop below, placing it at the superior part of the thigh, and 
 continuing the crosses from above downwards. These two 
 modes of application of the spica for the groin may be indif- 
 ferently employed ; there is no reason, that we can perceive, 
 for prefering the one over the other. 
 
BANDAGES FOR UPPER EXTREMITIES. 
 
 SPIRAL FOR OXE FINGER. 
 
 (Plate 7, Figure 20.) 
 
 Compositioi}. — A bandage one and a half yards long and 
 about an inch wide. 
 
 Application — If you wish to cover one of the fingers of the 
 right hand, after having placed the hand in a state of prona- 
 tion, leave several inches of the initial end hanging on the 
 ulnar side of the wrist, and make two or three circular turns 
 around it (1, 'jJ) ; having arrived at the articulation of the 
 fifth metacarpal bone with the unciform, descend obliquely 
 towards the external side of the base of thej finger (3, 3), 
 make several digressing turns to gain the end of the finger (4), 
 from whence you will ascend to its base by making successive 
 turns covering each other for two-thirds of their width (5, 6, 
 7, 8, 9, 10, 11); then, when the last turn shall have reached 
 the internal side of the finger, pass over the back of the hand, 
 wind round the first metacarpal bone about its middle (12), 
 and reach the ulnar side of the wrist (13), where you will tie 
 the initial and terminal ends together (14, 15). 
 
 Uses. — This bandage serves to exercise compression and 
 maintain dressing around the finger. 
 
 SPIRAL FOR THE FINGERS AND HAND. 
 
 (Plate 7, Figure 21.) . 
 
 Composition. — A bandage three yards long and one and a 
 half inches wide. 
 
 Application. — Fix the initial end at the extremity of the 
 fingers (1, 2); ascend from thence towards the wrist, making, 
 at the base of the thumb, proper reverses, so as to give to the 
 
2r2 O^ BAiiDAGIKO. 
 
 bandage sufficient solidity and regularity (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 
 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15), and finish by 
 circular turns around the wrist (16, 17, 18). 
 
 jjges. — The spiral of the fingers and hand serves to main- 
 tain the apparatus in fractures and luxations of the fingers 
 and bones of the hand. 
 
 FIGURE OF EIGHT FOR THE THUMB AND WRIST—(SPICA 
 FOR THE THUMB.) 
 
 (Plate 7, Figure 22.) 
 
 Composition.— K bandage two yards long and four-fifths of 
 an inch broad. 
 
 Application.— 'Mi^x having placed the hand in a state of 
 semi-pronation, allow to hang on the ulnar side of the fore- 
 arm, if it is the right wrist and thumb that you wish to cover, 
 several inches of the initial end, gain the radial side of the 
 wrist, and make one or two circular turns around it (1, 2, 3); 
 having reached the upper extremity ef the fifth metacarpal 
 bone, descend obliquely towards the external side of the 
 articulation of the first with the second phalanx of the thumb 
 (4, 4), come to its internal side and ascend, crossing the first 
 turn, to the ^ternal side of the lower extremity of the first 
 metacarpal bone (5, 5)j then make a horizontal semi- circle 
 over the palmar surface of the wrist, so as to bring the band- 
 age over the carpal articulation of the fifth metacarpal bone ; 
 from thence gain obliquely the external face of the second 
 phalanx of the thumb, covering the oblique (4) two-thirds 
 (6, 6) ; come again to the internal side of t^hts phalanx, and 
 ascend a second time obliquely towards the middle and exter- 
 nal side of the first metacarpal bone (7, 7); go again over the 
 palmar face of the wrist, redesccnd to the external part of 
 the base of the thumb (8, 8), ascend again over the lower 
 extremity' of the first metacarpal bone (9, 9), make a third 
 semi-circle of the wrist; then^ after having continued the 
 obliques around the thumb until its metacarpo-phalangeal 
 articulation is completely covered (10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 
 13, 14, 14, 15, 15), come again to the ulnar side of the fore- 
 arm, where you will tie together the terminal end (16) with 
 the initial end. 
 
 i[7ses.-— This bandage is used in the dressing of lesions of 
 tha metacarpo-phalangeal articulation of the thumb j it is 
 
BAN-DAGES FOR CPPBR EXTREMITIKS. S3 
 
 farther useful to secure extension of this member after reduc- 
 tion of the luxation backwards of the first metacarpal boRe 
 from the trapezium. Like all the spicas, it may be applied 
 from above downwards; that is to say, in directing the crosses 
 ftom the base towards the summit of the thumb ; but this 
 desrtnding spica is much less regular than the ascending spica, 
 which we have just described. 
 
 * 
 
 POSTEPJOR Fiar-RE OF EIGHT FOR THE HAND AND WRIST. 
 ( Plats 7, Figure 23.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage two and a half yards long and 
 one and a half inches wide. 
 
 Appliration . — Place the hand in a state of pronation, and 
 fix the initial end of the bandage over the dorsal aspect of the' 
 wrist by a horizontal circular turn (1, 2), following the direc- 
 tion from the radius to the ulna, if the bandage is applied to 
 the left hand, then carry the roller obliquely over the back 
 of the hand ; from thence conduct it, after having made a 
 horizontal circular turn around the fingers (4), between the 
 thumb and the index finger, from whence you will ascend 
 obliquely over the back of the hand (5, 5), crossing the turn 
 (8); make a horizontal circle around the wrist (6), repass 
 obliquely over the back of the hand (7, 7,) circularly around 
 the base of the fingers (8), come again between the thumb 
 and the index finger, to ascend anew obliquely over the back 
 of the hand (9), and, after having continued thus until the 
 bandage is exhausted, terminate by circular turns around the 
 wrist (10). 
 
 Uses. — Recourse is had to this bandage for maintaining 
 the apparatus over the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist ; 
 it may equally serve to fix a graduated compress, destined to 
 exercise compression, whether over a ganglion or over the 03 
 magnum, after reduction of its luxation backwards, or over 
 the salvatella. to arrest the flow of blood after bleeding from 
 this vein. 
 
 ANTERIOR FIGURE OF EIGHT FOR THE HAND AND WRIST. 
 
 This bandage may be executed like the preceding one, but 
 in making the crosses over the palmar face of the band, 
 
34 OIv BANDAGING. 
 
 •which, in the posterior eight, are made over the dorsal aspect. 
 It serves to apply dressings to the palm of the hand. 
 
 FIGURE, OF EIGHT FOR THE ELBOW— (BANDAGE FOR 
 VENESECTION FROM THE ARM.) 
 
 (Plate 8, Figure 24.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage two and a half yards long and 
 one and a half inches broad. 
 
 Application — Leave a tail of bandage^ ten inches long, free 
 over the external and lower side of the right arm ; then, after 
 having directed it towards the internal side, fix it by a circu- 
 lar turii (2); having arrived above the external condyle, gain 
 obliquely the internal and upper side of the fore-arm (3), sur- 
 round it with a horizontal circle (4), and ascend obliquely, in 
 crossing in front of the bend of the arm, the turn (3), as far 
 as the internal condyle (5) ; make a horizontal semi-circle 
 backwards, pass again over the fold of the arm (6), circularly 
 behind the fore-arm ; mount again obUquely towards the in- 
 ternal condyle (7), and terminate by tying the terminal end (8) 
 and the initial end together on the outside of the arm. 
 
 Uses.: — The eight bandage for the elbow is in daily use to 
 secure the small compress placed over the vein after venesec- 
 tion from the arm ; its circumvolutions leave full liberty of 
 motion to the elbow, and allow it to be maintained in a semi- 
 flexed position until the healing of the wound. 
 
 FIGURE OF EIGHT FOR EXTENDING THE HAND UPON THE 
 FORE-ARM. 
 
 Composition. — A bandage, five yards long and one and a 
 half inches broad, made into a double-headed roller. 
 
 Application. — After having placed the hand in the ex- 
 tended position, apply the intermediate face of the bandage 
 over the dorsal aspect, then direct the two rollers towards the 
 palmar face (1, 1'), where you will cross them, changing them 
 from hand to hand; from there bring them back over the 
 dorsal aspect, where you will cross them anew (2, 2'), so as 
 to conduct them and cross them again over the palmar sur- 
 face ; direct them then obliquely the one above the external 
 condyle (o, 3)^ the other above the internal condyle (3' 3'), 
 
■ BANDAGES FOR VVVStH EYTRENfTTrcs. H5 
 
 crossing them, like the letter X, at the middle of the fore- 
 arm, make a horizontal circle with your two rollers above the 
 elbow (4, 4') ; come again above the external and internal 
 condyles, descend obliquely towards the hand, crossing the 
 turns again, like the letter X, at the middle of the fore-arm 
 (5, 5, 5', 5') ; cross your bands over the palm of the hand 
 (6, 6'), and finish by ascending towards the elbow and de- 
 scending towards the hand until the bandage is exhausted. 
 . Uses. — This bandage is employed, in the case of burns of 
 the palmar aspect of the hand and wrist, to prevent flexion 
 of the parts from contraction of the cicatrices. 
 
 FIGURE OF EIGHT FOR FLEXING TTTK TT \ vn rPOX THE 
 FORE-ARM. 
 
 When the burns are situated upon the back of the wrist or 
 hand, if you wish to iffevent contraction of the cicatrices from 
 producing extension of the hand upon the fore-arm, the flex- 
 ing figure of eight for the hand must be resorted to. In or- 
 der to apply it, the hand is placed in the flexed position, and 
 the intermediate face of the bandage between the two rollers 
 is placed over the palmar surface; the two rollers are then 
 directed towards the dorsal aspect, then again towards the 
 palm, fpom the hand towards the elbow and from the elbow 
 towards the hand, alternately representing the letter X over 
 the middle of the ^terior surface of the fore-arm. 
 
 RECURRENT OR CAPELIXE FOR DISARTICULATION OF THE 
 SHOULDER.JOINT. 
 
 (Plate 8, Figure 26.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage twelve yards long and one and a 
 half inches broad, made into a double-headed roller. 
 
 Application. — Place the face of the bandage intermediate 
 to the two rollers under the axilla of the sound side, then 
 conduct each roller above the upper part of the wound going 
 obliquely from below upwards, one behind, the other in front 
 of the chest (1, 1') ; arrived there, change them from hand 
 to hand for the purpose of crossing them; gain, from before 
 backwards with the one held in the right hand, the posterior 
 and inferior part of the wound (!'), conduct at the same time 
 the one in the left hand under the sound axilla, turn the lat- 
 
36k OK njLHHAQtva. . 
 
 ter, and come to fix inferiorlj by a horizontal circular turn 
 of the chest the first oblique or recurrent turn (1' 1') (2 2) ; 
 then raise the latter, and after having embraced in the form 
 of a loop the turn (2), direct it obliquely from below upwards 
 towards the superior part of the wound (2'), where you will 
 fix it with the turn (3) which you will have conducted over it 
 in parting from and returning towards the sound axilla after 
 having covered successively from below upwards and from 
 above downwards the posterior and anterior walls of the tho- 
 rax (3, 3). Make now a third descending recurrent (3'), fix 
 it by a second horizontal circle (4), then practice a fourth as- 
 cending recurrent (4'), over which you will pass anew a turn 
 parting from and returning towards the sound axilla (5). 
 Contiaue thus until the wound and 'dressings have been com- 
 pletely covered (5', 6, 6, 7, 7', 8, 8', 9, 9V10, 10', 11, 11'), 
 and terminate by making horizontal circular turns around the 
 chest with the roller (12). * 
 
 Uses. — -This bandage, as simple as elegant, is very conve- 
 nient for maintaining topical applications or apparatus, after 
 disarticulation at the shoulder-joint. 
 
 OBLIQUE SLING FOR THE ARM AND CHEST. 
 (Plats 9, Figure 21.) 
 
 Composition.^— A piece of linen one yard square, folded 
 diagonally into a triangle. ^ 
 
 Application.— The fore-arm being bent at a right single 
 upon the arm, place the base of the triangle under the hand 
 (a), directing the apex towards the elbow, then make the 
 ends ascend obliquely, the one in front (b) the other behind 
 the chest to the sound shoulder where you will tie them to- 
 gether (c) ; gather up the angles at the apex and carry them, 
 embracing the arm and elbow (d, e, g, h), in front of the 
 chest to be secured by a pin to the body of the bandage (r). 
 
 Z7ses.— This sling may be applied over the dress-— it sup- 
 ports the arm and fore-arm perfectly. 
 
 SIMPLE AND DOUBLE T FOR THE HAND. 
 (Plate 9»Figurb 28.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage about three-quarters of a yard 
 long and a little over an inch broad (a, a, minor figure 28), 
 
BA?«DAaKS FOR UPPRR EXIRRMITIES. Jf? 
 
 upon which will be sewed perpendicularly two other bandages, 
 a little shorter and proportion ably narrower, one about two 
 and a half inches from the initial end (c, minor fig. 28), and 
 the other at nearly twice the distance from the same end (b, 
 minor figure 28). For the simple T the two supplementary 
 bands will be replaced by a single one which will be sewed 
 perpendicularly upon the transverse band, but at the distance 
 of about four and a half inches from the initial end. 
 
 Application. — If you wish to apply the double T, place the 
 initial end of the transverse band over the back of the wrist 
 in such a manner that the two perpendicular bands corres- 
 pond to the interdigital spaces of the fourth and fifth and 
 the first and second fingers (a', a-, b*, c\ figure 28) ; conduct 
 this iatter one between the thumb and the index (c\) the 
 other bgtween the ring and the little finger (b^), then di- 
 rect them towards the palmar face of the wrist, where you 
 will fix them by passing the transverse band circularly around 
 them (a'); from thence bring them back to the back of the. 
 wrist, traversing with the one the third (B), and vf^xh the 
 other the second interdigital space (c^). Fix this latter by 
 a horizontal circular turn (a^), reverse it in the form of an 
 ear (c^) over this circular, proceed to tic it over the back of 
 the wrist with the first (b), and finish by fixing the terminal 
 end of the transverse band with a pin (.\^). The simple T 
 is applied in the same manner, but only two interdigital 
 spaces are covered with the perpendicular band. 
 
 Csfs. — The double T retains more firmly than the simple T 
 dressings over the back and palm of the hand ; both serve to 
 prevent union between the fingers, so apt to take place in the 
 cicatrization from burns. The simple T acts only upon two, 
 while the double T acts upon the four interdigital spaces. 
 
BANDAGES FOR LOWER EXTREMITIES, 
 
 SPIRAL FOR THE LOWER LIMB— (THEDEN'S BANDAGE.) 
 (Plate 10, Figure 29.) '" 
 
 Composition. — A bandage sixteen yards long and two 
 inches broad. 
 
 Application. — If you wish to apply this bandage over the 
 right limb, begin at the base of the toes, making a certain 
 number of turns, interrupted by the necessary reverses (1, 2, 
 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Having reached the instep, direct your 
 bandage obliquely over the summit of the heel (9), then 
 again over the instep, from whence you will come, passing 
 under the sole, to cover, in front of the heel, the^ anterior 
 border of the preceding turn (10) ; then gain, obliquely, 
 the upper part of the tibio-tarsal articulation (10, 10), pass 
 behind the tendo-Achillis, and .cover, on the back of the 
 heel, the posterior border of the band 9 (11). From this 
 point, gain obliquely the instep (11, 11), pass circularly over 
 the plantar surface and gain, for the fourth time, the instep, 
 in order to cross at this point the preceding turn (12). 
 From the instep, direct yourself over the internal malleolus, 
 behind the tendo-Achillis, pass from behind forwards and 
 transversely under the external malleolus (13), under the 
 sole of the foot, and ascend over the instep, in order to pro- 
 ceed from there to cross from l)efore backwards over the ten- 
 do-Achillis the turn 13 (14, 14); from the tendo-Achillis 
 come again over the instep, pass over the plantar surface (15), 
 cover from before backwards and transversely the under part 
 of the internal malleolus, then surround the leg circularly 
 (16, 17, 18, 19). That done, proceed with circular and- re- 
 versed turns to the lower border of the patella (20, 20, 21, 21, 
 22, 22, 23, 23, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 29, 29, 
 
BAKDAOES FOR LOWBR EXTREMITIES. 39 
 
 30, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35), which you will cover by the aid 
 of superior and inferior crosses. To do this, direct your ban- 
 dage obliquely from below upwards from the upper and outer 
 part of the leg towards the summit of tlie internal tuberosity 
 of the tibia (36), surround the back of the knee, and after 
 having covered the external tuberosity of the tibia, gain 
 obliquely, by crossing the preceding oblique below the patella, 
 the upper and internal part of the leg (37) ; repeat this ope- 
 ration two or three times (38, 39, 40, 41, 42), then gain, by 
 crossing obliquely the popliteal space, the outer and lower 
 part of the thigh, which you will surround with a horizontal 
 circular (43). Having reached the outer and lower face of 
 the thigh, descend obliquely towards the internal condyle of 
 the femur f44), cover the knee behind, pass over the external 
 femoral condyle and gain, by crossing obliquely from below 
 upwards above the patella the turn (44), the inner and lower 
 face of the thigh (45). Make, in this way, two or three 
 crosses (46, 47, 48, 49, 50), then unite them to the inferior 
 crosses by the aid of a turn which, from the ham, will pass 
 circularly over the patella (51), and ascend behind to the 
 lower and outer part of the thigh. Having reached these, 
 finish your bandage by the aid of new circular and reversed 
 circumvolutions covering the whole upper surface of the 
 thigh (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 56, 57, 57, 58, 58, 59, 59, 60, 
 60, 61, 61, 62, 62, 63, 63, 64, 64, 65, 65, 66, 66, 67, 67, 68). 
 Uses. — The spiral of the lower limb employed with success 
 by Professor Velpeau in the first stage of diffuse phlegmon to 
 obtain resolution of the inflammation and disengorgement of 
 the tissues, is often useful for emptying purulent depots and 
 facilitating adhesion in the parts after long and abundant 
 suppurations. It is also used for varicose veins, oedema, and 
 especially for producing compression throughout the whole 
 extent of a limb when it is desired to treat aneurismal tumor 
 by this means. Generally designated under such circumstan- 
 ces as Thedeiis handagey it is used with a view to compress 
 the diseased points, to prevent the engorgement of parts sit-* 
 uated below, and to modify the flow of blood to the tumor; to 
 achieve the latter result, Theden, before applying the ban- 
 dage, placed graduated compress over that portion of the ar- 
 tery situated above the aneurism, and covered the tumor with 
 cloths saturated with his astringent wash, called eau d'arque- 
 husade. 
 
40 ON BANDAGING. 
 
 The^spiral of the lower limb works loose and becomes easily 
 deranged ; it is moreover very fatiguing on account of the 
 compression it produces, and which may determine gangrene 
 when it is not evenly applied. These inconveniences are ob- 
 viated by remedying the inequalities of the limb with wadding 
 or tow, and securing the circumvolutions by the application 
 of starch. 
 
 FIGURE OF EIGHT FOR THE LEG AND FOOT. 
 (Plate 10, Figurk 30.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage two and a half yards long and 
 two inches broad. 
 
 Application.- — Place the initial end three or four fingers 
 breadth above the malleoli, over the anterior part of tbe leg, 
 and fix it by a horizontal circular turn (1, 2) ; arrived above 
 the internal malleolus, gain obliquely the articulation of the 
 fifth metatarsal with the cuboid bone (3), surround the sole 
 and back of the foot by a horizontal circular (4) and ascend 
 obliquely, crossing over the instep tlie preceeding turn, to the 
 external malleolus (6) ; make behind the leg a horizontal 
 semi-circle, cover the instep again obliquely (6) and the plan- 
 tar surface circularly, then ascend again over the external 
 malleolus (7) ; continue thus until the small compress which 
 you have previously placed over the vein is firmly fixed, and 
 finish by horizontal circular turns around the leg with the 
 roller (8> 
 
 f '6^^8.— This bandage may be used for maintaining dressings 
 over the dorsal and plantar aspects of the foot, and also over 
 the tibio-tarsal articulation, but is more particularly resorted 
 to for compressing the opening in the saphenous vein after 
 bleeding from the foot. 
 
 POSTERIOR FIGURE OP EIGHT FOR THE K.^EE, 
 (Plate 10, Figure 31.) 
 
 Composition-— k bandage four yards long and two inches 
 broad. 
 
 Application, — Fix the initial end by a horizontal circular 
 turn above the knee (1, 2) ; having arrived above the exter- 
 nal condyle of the femur, descend obliquely behind the ham 
 to the internal tuberosity of the tibia (3) ; surround the upper 
 
BANDAGES FOR LOWER EXTREMITIES 41 
 
 part of the leg with a horizontal circle (4), then ascend 
 obliquely, crossiog like the letter X over the popliteal space the 
 preceding oblique, as far as the iuternal condyle of the femur 
 (5); make a horizontal semi-circle over the anterior and lower 
 part of the thigh, pass again obliquely over the ham (6), cir- 
 cularly over the anterior and upper part of the leg, ascend 
 again over the internal condyle of the femur (7), and continue 
 thus to the entire expending of the bandage (8). 
 
 Usf's. — This bandage is employed for dressings over the 
 ham ; it may be also used for compressing the popliteal artery 
 affected with spontaneous or traumatic aneurism. 
 
 RECURRENT OR CAPELINE FOR AN AMPUTATED THIGH. 
 
 (Plate 11, Figure 32.) 
 
 Composition. — A bandage twelve yards long and about two 
 inches broad. 
 
 Application. — The amputation terminated, the wound co- 
 vered with lint, and this sustained by a compress, .shaped 
 like a Maltese cross, fix the initial end above the stump by 
 several horizontal circular turns (1, 2, 3, 4); arrived over the 
 external side of the thigh (we suppose it to be the right;, re- 
 verse the bandage from above downwards (5), so as to make 
 a turn descend over the wound, cover it across and ascend 
 over the opposite side of the limb (6, 6, 6). That done, prac- 
 tise a second reverse, but this time from left to right and from 
 before backwards, which will permit you to cover circularly, 
 in fixing the two reverses, the posterior, external and anterior 
 aspects of the thigh (7, 8, 9). Having reached the middle 
 part of the latter, make a third reverse in the direction of the 
 tirst (10), then a second recurrent, which you will conduct, 
 by crossing the recurrent (6) at a right angle over the middle 
 of the stump, to the posterior face of the thigh (10); then 
 practise, from right to left, a fourthTeverse and two circulars 
 (11, 12); then, when you shall have arrived at the outer side 
 of the third reverse (lOj, commence a fifth reverse (13) and 
 a third recurrent, whidh will cover two-thirds of the second 
 on the outside, and Hke it will be directed from the front to 
 the posterior of the wound (13); maintain this anew by two 
 circular turns (14, 15), and continue in this way your circu- 
 lars and recurronts alternately until the stump is entirely 
 covered (16, 16, 17, 18, 19, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 23, 24, 25). 
 
42 O^ BANDAGINCJ. 
 
 Finisli by ascending and descending turns, if the amputation 
 has been practised at the lower part of the thigh, or by circles 
 around the pelvis, if the limb has been ablated high up, in 
 order to avoid derangement of the apparatus by the move- 
 ments of the patient. 
 
 The capeline for amputations of the thigh may be applied 
 as follows, with the double-headed rollers unequal in their 
 size, the larger serving for the circulars and the smaller for 
 the recurrents. 
 
 Place the intermediate face of the bandage over the ante- 
 rior face of the member above the stump, then direct them 
 over the opposite face, where you will cross them ; pass again 
 over the a»terior and posterior aspects, making, in this way, 
 three or four circular turns, in order to secure the commence- 
 ment of the bandage. When the latter reaches one of the 
 sides of the limb, reverse the turn which k above, and con- 
 duct it from above downwards, over the most superficial, to 
 form a recurrent, which you will direct transversely over the 
 wound, from the outer to the inner side, if the bandage is 
 applied to the right thigh. Fix this recurrent by a circular 
 turn, then practise a second, which will pass from before 
 backwards, and cross the first over the wound -, confine this 
 second recurrent by a circular, continue in this way until the 
 wound is completely covered, and terminate with the most 
 voluminous roller, as we have indicated for the capeline with 
 the single roller. 
 
 The latter capeline is almost entirely abandoned because 
 of its application being more difficult than the other; it may, 
 however, be usefully employed in armies ; it ofi"ers, in effect, 
 much more solidity, an advantage which deserves to be taken 
 into consideration when the patient has to be subjected to 
 rough transportation. ' 
 
 INVAGINATED OR UNITING BANDAGE FOR TRANSVERSE 
 WOUNDS. 
 
 (Plate 11, Figure 33.) 
 
 Composition. — 1st. Two pieces of linen equal in width to 
 the length of the wound, and each as long as the space com- 
 prised between the fold of the groin and the lower part of the 
 leg, when the solution of continuity to be re-united is trans- 
 versely across the anterior region of the thigh. One of these 
 
is to be split at one of its extreTnities, and about the third of 
 its length, into two or three equi-distant tails ; while in the 
 other, at its centre, and in the direction of its length, is made 
 a number of slits equal to the tails of the other. 2d. A 
 bandage eighteen yards long and two inches wide. 3d. Two 
 graduated prismatic compresses made a little longer than the 
 solution of continuity. 
 
 AppUcntiov . — The limb being in a position indicated by 
 the wound, place over the anterior surface of the leg, and fol- 
 lowing its length, the split piece of linea in such a way that 
 the ends shall be turned upwards and the roots correspond to 
 the wound (a, a', a'^); let it be held in this position by an 
 assistant, while you apply a roller bandage around the leg to 
 within two inches of the solution of continuity (1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 
 r>, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, S, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12,*13, 14, 15, 16, 
 17). Then confide the roller to the assistant, and apply the 
 second piece of linen over the anterior portion of the thigh 
 in such a way that the slits shall reach the level of the wound 
 (b, b', b'^, c) ; take the roller from the assistant, in order that 
 he may take charge of the latter piece of linen and secure 
 it by a spiral of the thigh (18, 19, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 22, 22, 
 23, 23, 24, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27). That done, confide again the 
 roller (28) to the assistant, place the graduated compress over 
 the edges of the division (d, d', e, e'), pass the tails (a', a*) 
 through the slits (b^, b^), draw them in opposite directions 
 until the edges of the wound are co-aptated, and fix the two 
 pieces of linen in this position by a spiral, descending from 
 the upper part of the thigh to the roots of the toes and cover- 
 ing the limb evenly. 
 
 U>ies, — Although constructed upon good principles, this 
 bandage is rarely used to obtain union in transverse wounds of 
 the limbs, for it can nearly always be replaced by more simple 
 means. Applied over the upper extremities, it serves for the 
 treatment of fractures of the olecranon, and over the lower 
 extremities for fracture of the patella. 
 
 TARSO-PATELLA CRAVAT. 
 
 (Plate 12, Figure 34.) 
 
 ' Composition. — Three cravats one yard in length. 
 Application. — Place one of the cravats, in the form of a 
 stirrup, over the inst«p, and tie its ends together over the 
 
44 OK BANDAame.- 
 
 plantar region (h, I, j) ; fix another over the lower third of 
 the thigh and the upper third of the leg (a, b, b^, c, c^; d)j 
 then introduce at the instep, under the ring formed by the 
 first (e), a third cravat ; carry the ends directly towards the 
 upper and lateral portions of the knee (g, f), and faslen them 
 on each side to the super and sub-patella cravat (g^). 
 
 Uses. — Proposed by M. Mayor for fractures of the patella 
 and rupture of the tendon, which fixes this bone to the tibia, 
 this apparatus will also serve for approximating the lips of 
 transverse wounds of the instep, of the leg, and of the knee. 
 
 TRIANGULAR CAP FOR THE STUMP. 
 (Plate 12, Figure 35 ) 
 
 Composition.— A triangle one yard long from end to end, 
 and half a yard deep from apex to base. 
 
 Application.— l^hce the middle of the base of the triangle 
 over the anterior face of the limb at a convenient distance 
 from the end of the stump (a), direct and cross under the 
 limb the two ends corresponding to this base (b, c), then 
 bring them forward for the purpose of securing them (b^, c^); 
 then fold the apex of the triangle over the end of the stump 
 and attach it in front with a pin (d). 
 
 The tendency of this cravat to slip and become disarranged 
 when placed over a coolcal stump may be prevented in the 
 following manner : 1st. For the thigh, by means of a band 
 going directly from the apparatus to a band around the waist; 
 or otherwise, by directing the two ends of the handkerchief, 
 after liaviog crossed them in front of the limb, to the waist- 
 band. 2d. For the ar/ii, the triangle may be fastened around 
 the neck or the axilla of the sound side. 3d. For the fore- 
 arm and the leg, the two extremities may be carried around 
 the elbow or the knee. 
 
 Uses. — This triangle is very convenient for the dressing of 
 amputations; it may advantageously take the place of the 
 numerous turns of bandage required for the application of 
 the capeline. 
 
 SCAPULO-TIBIAL OR TIBIAL SLING. 
 (Plate 12, Figure 36.) 
 Composition. — 1st. A scarf two yards long ; a triangle one 
 
BANDAGES FOR I^JWER EXTREMITIES. 40 
 
 and a half yards from end to end and three-quarters of a yard 
 from base to apex. 
 
 Ai^pUcatlon. — Place the base of the triangle over the ante- 
 rior and inferior portion of the leg (a), take the ends (b), 
 and, after having passed one of them through the ring of the 
 shoulder-band (e, f, g, h,) tie them together at the level of 
 the right or left flank (c), then fold the apex over the side 
 of the knee (l^). 
 
 U^€s. — This sling may be employed in all eases where it is 
 necessary to maintain the leg flexed upon the thigh. It main- 
 tains flexion, and at the same time enables the patient to go 
 about. 
 
1 
 
EXPLANATION^ OF PLATES. 
 
 PLATE 1. 
 
 Fig. 1. ^fanne^ of commencing the application of the single- 
 headed roller: A, extremity of the thumb, and the index and 
 middle fingers of the right hand, maintaining the roller; B, thumb 
 and index finger of the left hand fixing the initial end. 
 
 Fig. 2. Manner of making a reverse : A, left thumb placed over 
 the external face of the band, and assisting to make the fold con- 
 stituting the reverse. 
 
 Fig. 3, Manner of applying a double-headed roller. 
 
 PLATE 2. 
 
 Fig. 4. Cross for one eye (first variety;. 
 
 Fig. .'j. The same bandage (second variety). 
 
 Fig. 6. Cross for both eyes, with one roller. 
 
 Fig. 7. The same bandage with the double roller. 
 
 Fig. 7 (minor). Manner of making the reverse behind in the ap- 
 plication of the double roller in general, and in the cross for both 
 eyes in particular. 
 
 PLATR 3. 
 
 Fig. 8. Simple cross for the lower jaw. 
 Fig. 9. Double cross for the lower jaw, with ene roller. 
 Fig. 10. The same bamlage with double roller. 
 Fig. 10 (minor). Manner of making the reverse over the chin in 
 the double cross for the lower jaw, with the double roller. 
 Fig. 11. Cross for the head. 
 
 PLATE 4. 
 
 Fig. 12. Knotted bandage for the head (Baler's knot). 
 
 Fig. 1.3. Recurrent or capeline for the head. 
 
 Fig. 14. Double T for the nose. 
 
 Fig. 15, Invaginated or uniting bandage for vertical wounds of 
 the lip. 
 
48 EXPLANATION OF PLATE8, 
 
 PLATE 5. 
 
 Fig. IG. Figure of eight for one sheulder and the opposite axilla. 
 Fig. 17, Anterior figure of eight for the shoulders^ 
 
 PLATE 6. 
 
 Fig. 18. Cross for the groins (spica for both groins). 
 Fig. 19. Cross for the groin (spica for the groin). 
 
 PLATE 7. 
 
 Fig. 20. Spiral for one finger. 
 
 Fig. 21. Sf?Iral for the fingers and hand. 
 
 Fig. 22. Figure of eight for the thumb and wrist (spica for the 
 thumb). 
 
 Fig. 23. Posterior figure of eight for the hand and wrist. 
 
 PLATE 8. 
 
 Fig. 24. Figure of eight for the elbow. 
 
 Fig. 25. Figure of eight for extending the hand upon the elbow. 
 
 Fig. 26. Recurrent or capeline for disarticulation at the shoulder- 
 joint. 
 
 PLATE 0. 
 
 Fig. 27. Oblique sling for the arm and chest 
 
 Fig. 28. Double T of the hand applied. 
 
 Fig. 28 (minor). Double T of the hand before its application. 
 
 PLATE 10. 
 
 Fig. 29. Spiral for the lower limb (Theden's bandage). 
 Fig. 30. Figure of eight for the foot and leg. 
 Fig. 31. Posterior figure of eight for the knee. 
 
 PLATE 11. 
 
 Fig. 32. Pvecurrent or capeline for amputation of the thigh. 
 Fig. 33. Invaginated or uniting bandage for transverse wounds. 
 
 ' ' PLATE 12. 
 
 Fig. 34. Tarso-patella cravat. 
 
 Fig. 85. Triangular cap for the stump. 
 
 Fig. 36. Scapulo-tibial or tibial sling. 
 
BANDAGES 
 
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 BANDAeES 
 
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