<^i»** /4^ *7?^^ COL. GEORGE WASHINGTON FLOWERS MEMORIAL COLLECTION DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY DURHAM. N. C. PRESENTED BY W. W. FLOWERS REGULATIONS TOR THE AMY OF THE C0NT5"EDERATE STATES AUTHORIZED EDITION. . 1862. RICHMOND, VA. WEST & JOHNSTON, 145 MAIN STREET, 1862. MjkcrABl.i.KB & TtMVMOV, Printers, ^Richmond, Vb. TREASS^^ tROQ^ WAR DEPARTMENT, Richmond, November 1st, 1862. The following Regulations for the Army of the Confederate States are published by direction of the President, for the government of all con- cerned. They will accordingly be strictly obeyed, and nothing contrary to them will be enjoined or permitted in any portion of the forces of the Confederate Slates by the officers thereof. GEO. W. RANDOLPH, Steretary of War. 208120 Index. Note. — Tho numbering in this Index ia of th9 paragrajyh. Where the page or Article is referred to, \i is ppcc'ally stated. A. ABSENCE, No. of paragraph^ lenve of, not to be granted to officers on tendering their resignation, unless, . . . . 28 leaves, to officers, «... 1G6 to 174 temporary leav« of, effl^ers on, not deprived of their fuel and quarters, . . . ■ . 973 leave of, officers on, 'not erttitled to transportation, vi-hen, 1000 without leave, officers on, not to receive pay, unless, . 1069 ACCOUNl'S, Subsistence Department, 1135 to 1141, and pages 198, 199 Ordnance Department, • « . 1339 to 1344 supervision of, &c., . . . ^90 to 957 of money and property to be rendered to, , 935 to be endorsed by, . . . - 936 suspended, .... 937 to be rendered in Quartermaster's Department to the Quartermaster General, . . . 1049 to be rendered to the Surgeon-General, . . 1058 to be rendered in the Commissariat to the Commissary- General, .... 1135 physicians, of pay, to be sent to, . . . , 1203 pay, when not to be transferred, &c., . ' . 1067 to be rendered to the Paymaster-General, . . 1088 to be rendered to the chief of the Corps of Engineers, 1379, 1380 to be rendered to the chief of Qrdnance, . 1339 to 1344 to be rendered by officers on recruiting service, . 1333 ADJUTANT, how appointed, . . . . 68 affidavits may be taken before, . . . 924 .ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL'S DEPARTMENT, resignations to be forwarded to Adjutant and Inspector General, . . . ' . 24 AdjOtant and Inspector General to report the state of an oflQ^er'e accounts before presenting hia resignation, . iA INDEX. No. of paragraph. ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL'S DEPARTMEiNT, blank warrants, discharges, &c., furnished from, 73, 158, 448 inventories of deceased oflBcers and soldiers to be for- warded to, . . . . 145, 146, 147 orders assigning the stations of officers of Engineers, &c., will be made through the, • . . 427 returns and reports made to the, by commander's of divisions, regiments, &c., . . . 445 to 460 oflBcers of the, to be assigned to headquarters of armies, divisions, "fee., . . . • 475 Adjutant General to conduct the recruiting service. See Art. xlvi AIDES-DECAMP, • how appointed, AMBULANCES, . AMMUNITION, care of, . . * . in charge of company officers, in convoys, . . . . . in transports, • . . . . not to be taken into hospital, • APPOINTMENT, of officers, of citizens, . . . « . on the staff, , . . . . citizens receiving, not entitled to transportation except, 1001, 1002 applicants for, as assistant surgeons, officers temporarily in the militia, ARMAMENT, care of, armories, arsenals, &c., service at, ARMS, ' in possession of companies, of deserters to be turned over to, care of, on transports, required for an officer for his own use, needing repairs may be sgnt to, small arn}S, prices of, not to be loaned, • . . 1007, 1008, 1009 of Quartermaster's Department, . . ^,.^6 IH fni«a Subsistence Department, . ^ -^ 200 .^ Jq? Medical Department, ". •. ; .. ^00 to 235 Xii INDEX. FORMS, No. of paragraph. Pay Department, . • . . page. See p. 1 13 Corps of Engineers, . . . " 369 to 383 Ordnance Department, . . ' " . 327 to 365 Recruiting Service, • . . " 396 to 401 FORMS OF PARADE, dress parade, review, &c., '. . . 324 to 385 FORTIFICATIONS, care of, . . * . . '. 36 to 47 care of, armament, &c., . . .. 48 to 52 FUEL, V allowance of, . . • • • 962 for mess room, . . . • • 965 not consumed to be returned, * . . . 966 issued only iji the month for w^ich due, . • 967 when commuted, . . . 972,973,974 FUND, post, . ^ . ■ . - . . 183 to 191 regimental, . . . . • l86 company, . , . • . l92 to 194 public not to be expended for the purchase of any land, • unless, . . . ■ • 954 turned over by one paymaster to another, to be enteredrin, 1083 for recruiting service, how obtained, . . 1288 FURLOUGHS to enlisted men, . . . . . 175 td 177 FURNITURE, mess, for soldiers in the field, . . . 114 for soldi^' barracks, . • . . 9i 6 . fbr each ofecer, . . . . . 077 "will be provided for officers, quarters when, . . 978 G. GENERAL POLICE •in camp, . . . . ' . . 759 to 765 GUARD MOUNTING, ■ , form of, . . . . .362 to 385 GUARDS, to be relieved every twenty-four hours, . . 362 when organized, .... 363 to 372 duties of, . . . . . 386 to.417, 418 form of report, . . . . • page 44 in camp, : • . . 488, 495, 507, 508, 523 police, duties of, . ; : . 561 to 589. grand, . . . • . . 590 to 630 advance and rear, composition of, . . 067, 668 advance may be posted to aid the pursuit, . ' . 701 for trains, . . . ... 754 in a siege, in case of a sortie, duties of, . . 802 in transports, . . . . • • 835 INDEX. xiii • H. HAVERSACKS No. of paragraph, * will be marked, . . . . 104 to be searched, . . ' ' a?*: HONORS, ■ . ^ • • ' to whom given, . * . . . 224 to 244 salutes, . , . . . 245 to 257 escorts, . . . . . 258 to 2S1 , funeral, . : - . . . 262 to 289 paid by guards in camp, . . . , 566 not to be paid by troops on the march. . ' . 690 not to be paid in the trenches, . . 7qs HORSES, . /yo care of on transports, : . . 854, 855, 856 to be branded, . . . . .917 incurably unfit for any public service, . * last part 925 of officers, which are to be transported to be authorized ^7' • ■ . - . . . .991 mounted officers, may purchase from ampng the public horses, when, &c., , . . ■ ^ 1027 of mounted officers, to be shod bv, . ' 1 027 HOSPITAL STEWARDS, . allowance of, to hospitals, . . . 1189 how appointed, duties, &c., HOSPITALS, ''"'■ ''"• "''"• ^'"' '^'' >^^> 122= payments, persons, &c., employed in, . , 1058 issues to, and purchases for, . HH, 1112, 1113, 1117 how supplied with medical stores, . . ' 1160,' 1161 duties of senior medical officers of, , , „ 1167 to im, 1184, 1185, 1187, 1195, 1217 laundresses of, .... 284 • attendants of, . . . , * 1189 tents, how to bo made, . . . page 284 INDIANS, . issues to, . . . me INSPECTION ■ * ^* of Armories, Arsenals, Powder Works, and Ordnance _^,^P«t«' . • . . page 287 of troops, . . . . 290 to 313 of hospital quarters, &c., . 307, 308, 309, 310 of pubhc works, . • . ^ -* 1371 of books and accounts, . . : 311 312 313 reports will show, &c., . • . ' ' 459 reports of stores reported unserviceable, . * . 926 of public buildings, will bo made, . . 979 to 981 of armories and ar'senalH, to be made, . ' 1233 1234 tours of. by superintondonts of recruiting service, will ' be made only, . . ^ iggg XiV IKDEX. INSPECTION, No. of paragraph. reports of inspection ■will show the discipline of the troops, &c., . . . . 459, 46^ Inspector General to examine military stores reported unserviceable, . ... . 926 ISSUES, how made, regulated, &c., . 1110 to 1118, 1149 JUDGE ADVOCATE • of a Court-martial, duties of, . 868 to 881, 1024 per diem to, . . . . . 1022 L. LAUNDRESS, . . . ... page 284 allowance of, per company, . : . 121 price of washing by, how fixed, . ' . 122 debts due the, how collected, • -. . 123 following the army, to be furnished with a certificate, 761 separated from company, may draw rations when, . 1114 ration of, . . . . . . page 197 medical attendance upon, . . ' . 1190 for hospitals, .... 1187 amount due, from deserters, to be mentioned on muster- roll of, .- . . . . 1185 LEAVE OF ABSENCE, not to be granted when a post will be left without a commissioned oflBcer, . . . 1^6 when to commence, . ; . . 167 who may grant, . . . • 166, 168 limit of, , . . ' . 166, 168, 170 application for, to be endorsed by, . . 169 commander of a post to report on lieaving, . . 170 not to go beyond department, unless, . ; 171 on expiration, to join post, . . . 172 application for, to be accompanied by medical certifi- cate, . . . . . 173 form of certificate, . . . . :173 applicant must state length of absence heretofore on same account, . . .' . 174 LIEUTENANTS holding an appointment of Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, . . . . 34 to assist the Captains in the performance of all compa< ny duties, &c., • . . .83 LUMBER, . . . . . page 322 LIGHTS, . . . . . page 197 M, MARAUDING. forbidden, . . . . 765 MARCHES, arrangements for, &c., . . .- 665 to 695 INDEX. XV , No. of paragraph. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT, . . . 1150 lo 1223 official communications for, . i . page 285 offictrs of, not to exercise command except, . . 12 officers of, not to be put in arrest, ordinarily, .' 211 officers of, having charge of hospitals, to inspect, , 290 Addenda, . . ... page 284 officers of, in transport, duty of, . 850, 851, 852, page 284 chief of, to regulate the employment of hired persons ^•equisite for, . . . .911 supply table, &c., for, . . . page 244 duties of the, . . ' . 1150 to 1223 forms of returns, &c., . . page 258 to 285 Medical Director and Purveyor, allowances to, . page 284 MESS, soldiers, . . . . llO to 114 on transports, . . . . 837 rooms, allowances of, . ' . . ' . 965 MILEAGE, when an oflBcer is entitled to, . . 997 to 1006 how computed, . . . . 999 MUSTER ROLLS, how made, .... 320 where sent, . . . . . 321 to be accompanied by a letter of transmission, . , 440 MUSTERS, by whom, and when made, . . . 32, 314, 315 to be preceded by inspection, &c., . . 316 form of, &c., . . . . 317 to 320 N. , NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, how appointed, . ". ... 68, 69 how reduced, . . . . .'72 not to be sent to the guard bouse, . . 71 to be furnished with a warrant of rank, . ' .■ 73 in command of squads, responsibility of, • 93 not to be employed in any menial service, . . 119 appointed ordnance sergeants, to be dropped, &c., &c., 131 not to be transferred from one regiment to another, ex- cept, &c., .... 138 duties of, when in action, . . , . 712 may re-enlist in company or regiment within two months, ..... 1411 0. OFFICERS, how appointed and promoted, rcsigpations of, pxf*ln»4»r» nr frnnsfpr nf. X 18 to 22 23 to 28 29, 30 31 Xvi • INDEX. OFFICERS, * • No of paragraph, in temporary command, not to^ alter or annul standing , orders, . . . . ^. l7 of mounted corps, not to be separated from their regi- ments, except, &c., . . .33 to be cautious in reproving non-commissioned officers, &c., , . . . . . . . 71 travelling under orders, to report, . . 1&4 on leave of absence to report to, , . . 167 in arrest, . . . . .. 208 to 216 of staff' corps, are assigned to the headquarters of ar- ' mies, &c., . . . . . 475 important orders, «&c., to be intrusted to, . 544, 545 • to attend to packs and girths on marches, . . 675 ■whQ accompany escorts not to exercise command, ex- cept, &c., • . . . 731 not to take receipts, &c., without paying creditor, .. 895 who shall sell or dispose of, for a premium, any draft, &c., . . . . • . 896 disbursing, who bet at cards, . . . 897 not to take a receipt in blank, . . " 898 not to bo concerned in purchases, &c., . . 901 not to purchase supplies from persons in the military service, . . ... 903 disbursing, not to receive extra allowance for, . 904 have no authority to insure public property, • 915 shall not keep accounts when intrusted with public funds, . . . . .909 not to settle with heirs, &c., except, . . 916 on property to render returns, &c., 934, 935, 1049 to 1054 shall occupy his proper quarters, . . 964 to select quarters according to rank, &c., . 968, 972 in the field, not entitled to commutation, . 974 horses of, to be shod by, . . . 1027 in Quartermaster's Department, to furnish useful infor- mation of Routes, &c,, , . • . 1055, 1384 may draw subsistence stores, &c., . . - . 1127 commanding companies to attend paynafint of company, 1059 how paid, &c., . . . . 1061, 1064 not entitled to pay when, &c., . 1062, 1063, 1065, 1069 for recruiting service, detailed by, . . - 1384 intrusted with the command of recruits will forward, , 1459 OFFICERS OF THE DAY, to repair to the ofSce of commanding* oflRcer, . 390 to see -that the officer of the guard is furnished with the countersign, . . . _ , 391 to visit the guards day and night, . 392, 574 to make remarks on the guard nport, . . 393 is charged with the order and cleanliness of camp, &c., 565, 587 prescribes patrols. Sec., . . ^ .' . 574 m trail sportSj • . , ^ ^ 836, 846 INDEX. XVU reported, OFFICER OF THE GUARD, No. of paragraph. duties of, in garrison, . , 394, 397, 39^^ 399 duties in camp, 573, 577, 578, 579, 6O1, 602, 6l4, G18, G28 in transports, to be officer of the day, . . 835 ORDERS, enumeration of, . . . , 419 general, ...» special, . . to be read by the officer, &c., form of, . how transmitted, bow addressed, assigning officers to stations, to be given by, a file to be kept, &c., if not received in regular succession, to be &c., • • . . orderly hours for giving and receiving, on marches, &c., how sent, orders to go on duty, to designate, &c., . involving expenditure, to be sent, &c., . orders, conflicting, . . . . copies of, to be sent to, in the field, to be carrfed by, marching, execution of, not to be delayed, may be printed by order of, ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, classification of ordnance and ordnance stores, after a battle, officers of, collect the munitions, &c., duties of, &c., . . ; . forms for, stores in service, . . . unserviceable, issue to militia, . . . inspection of, . - ORDNANCE SERGEANTS, . •. how selected, appointed, and assigned to posts, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129 appointment and removal of, to be reported, . i^O to be dropped from company rolls, . . 131 bow mustered and reported, . . .136 duties of, . . . .. . 132 to 135 to appear under arms, .... 135 may bp re-enlisted, not discharged, . . 128 caution to officers in recommending, . . 129 how paid when the troops are withdrawn from the post, I37 copy of enlistment of, to be sent to, . . jt4l0 ORGANIZATION of regiments, . . . . 66 to 81 of brigades. Sec, furbidden in time of peace, except by, 35 officers, ifec., in the field, . , , 461 to 478 420 421 422 423, 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 544, 545 678 1018 1124 to 1362 page 3 13 7l9 1228 to 1281 page 327 1279 to^lSU 1312 to 13 15 1316 to 1319 1320 to 1335 1276 to 1278 Xviii INDEX. OVENS No. of paragraph, may be built, and paid for by, : . page 197 P. PARADE, forms of, . . . . 322 to 335 af-rangement of troops on, - . . . . 468 PARTIES, -working, . ... . 829 to 857 PARTISANS AND FLANKERS, . . 652 to 664 PAY, extra duty to soldiers, . , . . . ■ 882' . no extra allowed to persons whose pay is fixed by law, unless, &c., . . . . 904 extra duty pay of Sadler paid by, . . . . 88G officers of, to give bonds, . . . 890 chief of shall take care that no more money than actu- ally needed is in the hands of, &c., . . 892 of hired persons, how regulated, &c., . . -911 papers, transmission to ordnance department, 1360 to 1362 PAY DEPARTMENT, duties of, &c., • . . 1056 to 1096 forms of, • . . . page 183 to 191 PAY ROLLS' will be made on printed forms, &c., . . 320 of men on extra duty to be made monthly, . . 912 payments to be made on, . . . 1058 payments to be witnessed by, ■. . . 1060 stoppages to be noted, &c., .. . . 1073 to 1074 of militia, to be according to form, ^ • , . 1094 volunteers and militia not paid till when, , . 1095 POLICE, in quarters, . . . . 89, 90, 91 in camp, ..... 565 general, . . . . , 759 to 765 on transports, . . . 836, 839, 841 to 854 POSTAGE, public will be refunded, . . . . 1026 POSTS, intrenched, .... 631 to 636 PRECEDENCE, of officers and non-commissioned officers, . . 4 to 13 of iroops on parade, . . . 468, 470 when two corps meet on the same road, &c., . 693, 694, 695 PRISONERS OF WAR, return to be made, .... 457, 723 to be disarmed, . . . . . 723 private property respected, . . • . 724 exchanges and release of, depend on, . . 725 PROMOTIONS, Of officers, : . . . 1819 INDEX. XIX PUBLIC PROPERTY, MONEY AND ACCOUNTS, No. of paragraph. return, supervision of, &c., . . 890 to 956 PUBLICATIONS, what character of, prohibited, . . 207 Q. QUARTERS, allowance of, . . . . 962, 964, 965 allotment and sekction of, . . . 968 to 971 commutation of, . . . , 972, 973, 974 how obtained, . . . . 975 furniture for, will be supplied when, . .' 978 when vacated, to be inspected by, . . 983 QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT, oificers (if, thounjh eligible to* command, not to assume command unless, &c., . . . .14 duties of, performed by, during the absence of Quarter- master-General, .... 15 regimental Quartermaster, . . .68 duties of, in the field, 490, 491, 492, 713, 716, 117, 719 officers of, have charge of baggage trains, . 751 officers of, to give bonds, ... . 890 chief of, to take care that no more funds than are needed are in the hands of any officer of the department, 892 chief of, to regulate the employment of hired persons required for the administnitive service, &c., . 911 chief of, to designate where purchases shall be made, 938 duties of the, . . . . 958 to 1055 barrnck;? and quarters, . , . 960 to 984 transportation, . . . • . 985 to 1007 to supply store-room, .... 1103 to procure medical supplies, . 1156, 1160, 1161, 1162 forms f(ir, .... page 115 to 191 forage, straw, &c., . • • • • 1^07 to 1013 stationery in, . . . . 1014 to 1020 expenses of courts-iuartial, . . . 1021 to 1024 extra duty men, . . . . 1025 postage, . . , • , 1026 horses for mounted officers, . , . 1027 clothing, equipage, &c., . . . n)28 to 1048 returns for Quartermaster's Department, . 1049 to 1055 pay regulations, &c., . . . 1056 to 1096 R. RANK, o(Qcers and non-commissioned officers, . . . ♦4 ofBisers of same date of commission, . . 5 officers having brevet commissions, &c., . . 6 brevet takes effect only, . . . 9, 10 of regiments and corps, .... 468, 470 XS. ' ■ INDEX. • . BATION, No. of paragraph, forage, • _ _ 1107 to 1109, 1128, and pages 197, 198, 1007 soldier's composition of, , " . . 1107, 1108 of men absent from company, , . , 1118 back rations may be drawn if, &c., , . 1128 nia;f be commuted when, . . . 1129 f" '"" commuted value of, . . . 1129, 1131 to persons employed with the army, » . . page 197 RECONNOISSANCES, object of, &c., . . . . . 644 to 651 RECRUITING SERVICE, issues of subsistence to recruiting parties, . 1119 to 1126 how conducted, .... 1383 to 1465 duties of Superintendents, . . 1387 to 1395 duties of Recruiting officers, . . . 1396 to 1430 blanks for, .... 1431 to 1433 furniture and stationery, " . . . 1434 to 1438 • accounts, returns, &c., . ' , . • . 1439 rules for accounts and papers of, . . . 1440 depots for collecting and instructing recruits, 1441 to 1452 inspection of recruis, &c., . . 1453 to 1456 rejected recruits, .... 1459 to 1461 regimental recruiting, . . . 1462 to 1465 form of agreement for supplies, for, &c., . ■ pag6 396 other forms for, . . . page 397 to 401 REGIMENTS, vacancies in, how filled, . . .18 interior management of, . . . . 66 to 80 Resji mental Quartermasters, . . . 68 RESIGNATIONS, of officers, . . , . . . 23 to 28 RETURNS ANi) REPORTS, monthly, of posts, made by commanders, . 445 to 449 annual to exhibit, &c., . . . . 450 of deceased soldiers, . . . 451 field, . -' . . . . . 452, 453 of appointments, removal, &c., of staff officers, changes of troops, &c., to be reported, * . . 454, 455 of prisoners of war and of captured property, 457, 458, 723 of inspections to exhibit, &c., . . 459, 460,^926 of inspections to be made by, . . . 473 of "the senior officer of Engineers, &c., in the field, . 478 of reconnoissances, . • . . 650, 651 of battles are made by, &c. . . 720, 721, 722 of field officer in the trenches, . . 809 in Quartermaster's Department, . 1049, 1050, 1051, 1052 in Subsistence Department, . . . 1097 in Pay Department, . . . see page 113 of Medical Purveyors, . , '■ . 1157 of officers of Engineers, • . . 1372 to 1379 in Ordnance Department, . . . 1345 to 1359 of officers on recruiting service, . . 1439, 1440 IND.KX. Xii REVIEW, , form of . EOLL CALLS, number of, &c., ROSTER, principles and detail of the, . . -550 to 560, 641 Laptains to be added to that of Lieutenant-Colonel's, &c 592 Members of a court-martial, which has adjourned for ' three days, liable to duty, . . ggj No. of paragraph, . 336 to 361 221, 222, 223 766 to 770 245 to 257 407, 408 SAFEGUARDS, object of, &c., SALUJES, at posts, in honor of, of sentinels, SENTINELS, form of relieving, . . ' . ^ ggO ggj tsme of relieving, . , ^ q^q not to take orders, &c., . ' . ' * 400 duties of, _ . -400 to 416, 567 to 571, 608 to 614 instructions given to be reported, . 417 SERVANTs"^''''''*^* to be kept over the fires, . ' . ' 836 how selected, &c., . • iiy jig non-eommissioned officers not to be employed as waiters', &c.,' 119 SIEGES soldiers, not to wear the uniform of any corps, 760 instructions for, . 771 .„ 000 SIGNALS, ' • • . . 771 to 828 SOLDIERS, • • • . . 21& when mustered as artificers, . to wear the prescribed uniform, employed as company clerk, servant, (tc, how transferred, &c., deceased, who desert, &c., who are discharged, &c., * . * . » on furlougli, children of, expenses at post school* how pai m confinement, . ' to salute oilicers, returns of deceased, as orderlies, who deserve mention for conduct in action. iegal punishment for, ■ on extra duty, . charges against, to be placed on muster-roll, transferred, account of clothing m hospital, how mustered. 77 . • 107 115 to 119 138 to 141 145, 146, 147, 1179 148 to 155 156 to 162 176 187 212, 213 243,244 451 480 to 484 721 873 882 to 889 921 1043 1178 •may ro-enlist in company or regiment within two months, Ull XXn INDEX. STATIONERY, &o., No. of paragraph, allowance of, &c., _ . . 1014 to 1019, aad page 324 for recruiting service, . . . 1434 STRAW, allowance of, &c., . . . 1010 to 1013 SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT, officers, though eligible to command, not to assume command unless, &c., . . . " 'IS senior-Lieutenant present holding the appointment of Assistant Commissary of Subsistence to perform the duty, . . ■ . . . 34 chief of, to take care that no officer has on hand more money than is actually needed, . . 892 chief of, to regulate the appointment of hired persons, 911 chief of, to designate the places where purchases shall • be made, . . . . . 938 duties of, .... 1097 to 1149 forms of, . . . . page 200 SUTLERS, how appointed, and privileges, &c., . . 196 to 206 T- TRANSFERS, of soldiers, . . . . 138 to 141 TRANSPORTATION, how provided, regulated, &c., . . . 985 to 1006 of recruits, how procured and paid, . 1419, 1420 no expenses of oflBcers on recruiting service will be admitted except, .... 1421 TRANSPORTS, troops on board of, . . . 829 to 857 cabin passage will be provided for officers, &c., . 996 TRAVELING, ° * 0" duty, . - . . . . 164,165 TROOPS IN CAMPAIGN, ... . 461 to 847 tools, &c., . . . . page 321, 324 U. . UNIFORM, prescribed, to be worn, . . ; 106, 107 UNIFORM AND DRESS OF THE ARMY. See Article xlvii. W. WATCHWORDS, parole and countersign, , . . 546, 547, 548 WARDMASTER, duties of, . . . . . 1147 WORKING PARTIES, allowance to men employed upon, &c., . 882 to 889 REGULATIONS FOR THE ARMY. ARTICLE I» MILITARY DISCIPLINE. 1. All inferiors are required to obey strictly, and to execute •with alacrity and good faith, the lawful ord'ers of the superiors appointed over them. 2. Military authority is to be exorcised with firmness, but with kind- ness and justice to inferiors. Punishments shall be strictly conforma- ble to military law. 3. Superiors of every grade are forbid to Injure those under them by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive language. ARTICLE n. • RANK AND COMMAND. 4. Rank of officers and non-commissioned officers : 1st. General. 10th. Cadet. 2d. Major-General. 11th. Sergeant-Major. 3d. Brigadier-General. 12th. Quartermaster-Sergeant of a 4th. Colonel. Regiment. 5th. Lieut Colonel. 13th. Ordnance Sergeant and IIos- 6tb. Major. • pital Steward. 7th. Captain. . 14th. First Sergeant. 8lh. First Lieutenant. 15th. Sergeant. 9th. Second Lieutenant. " loth. Corporal. And each grade by date of commission or appointment. 5. When commissions are of the same dat^ the rank is to be decided between officers of the natne regiment or cofps liy the order of appoint- ment; between officers of (iiffVrent reginicnts or corps: Ist, by rank in actual service when appointed ; 2d, by former rank and service in the army or marine corps ; 3d, by lottery among such as have not been in the military service of the Confederate States. Th case of equality of ranks by virtue of a brevet commission, reference is had to commissions not brevet. G. Officers having brevets or commissions of a prior date to those of the corps in which they serve, will take place on courts-martial or of inquiry, and on boards detailed for military purposes, when composed of different corps, according to the ranks given them in their brevets or former commissions; but in the regiment, corps, or company to which such officers belongs, they shall do duty and take rank, both in courts and on boards as aforesaid, which shall be composed of their own corps, a'ccording to the commissions by which they are there mustered. A SUCCESSION IN COMMAND OR DUTY. 7. If, upon marches, guards, or in quarters, different corps shall bap- pen to join, or do duty together, the officer" ligliest in rank, according to the cinimissicn hy which he is nnisteied in the army, navy, marine corps, ,(ir militia, there on duty by ordeis from competent authority, shall command tlie whoie, ajid give orders for what is needful for the service, unless ctherwise directed hy the P-esidentof the Confederate States, in orders of special assignment providing for toe case. 8. An officer not havintj orders from competent authority, cannot put himself on duty by virtue of his commission alone. 9. Brevet rank takes effect only in the follo^vin^ cases: 1st, by special assignment of the President iti con)mands composed of different corps ; 2d, on courts-martial or of inquiry, ani on boards detailed for military purposes, when composed of different corps. Troops are on detachment only when senf out temporarily to perform a special service. 10. In regularly constituted commands, as garrisons, posts, depart- ments, companies, battalions, regiments, corps, brigades, divisions, ar- my corps, or the army itself, brevet rank cannot be exercised except by special assignment. . 11. The officers of engineers are not to assume nor to be ordered on any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the epe.iial order of the President. * 12. An officer of the Medical Department cannot exercise command except in bis own department, or over enlisted men, as a commissioned officer. ^ 13. Officers of the Quartermasters or Subsistence Departments, though eligible to command according to the rank they hold in the army of the Confederate States, not subject to the orders of a junior officer, shall not assume the command of troops unless put on duty under orders which specially so direct by authority of the President. • ARTICLE III. SUCCESSION IN COMMAND OR DUT^. 14. The functions assigned to any officer in these regulations by title of office devolve on the officer acting in- his place, except as specially excepted. 15. During the absence of the Quartermaster-General, or the Chief of any Military Bureau of the War Departruent, his duties in the bu- reau proscribed bylaw or regulations, devolve on the officer of his department empowered oy the president to perform them, in such ab- sence. 16. An officer who succeeds to any command or duty stands in regard to his duties in the same situation as his predecessor. The officer re- lieved, shall turn over to his successor all orders in force at the time, and all the public property and funds pertaining to his command or duty, and shall receive therefor duplicate receipts, showing the condi- tion of each article. 17. An officer in a temporary command shall not, except in urgent cases, alter or annul the standing orders of the regular or permanent commander, without authority from the next higher commander. APPOINTMENTS, RESIGNATIONS, 4C. ARTICLE IV. APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF COMMISSIOVED OFFICERS. 18. All vnctiricies in estiibli.^hed regiments i\nd corps to the rank of Colonel, shull be filled by promotion according to senioritj, except in cuses of disabiliiy or otlier incompetency. 19. Pronaotions to tlic rank of Colonel shall be made renjimentally, according to the arm, as iufAntry, cavalry, e receipt of the return mentioned in si/ch letter, togetiier with commutation of ra- tions, according to the regulations of the Subsistence Department. A certified statement of his pay account will be furnished the Ordnance sergeant by the Quartermaster by whom lie may be last paid. When there are no troops at the post, the ordnance sergeant will report to the Adjutant and Inspector General's office by letter, on the last day of every month. ARTICLE XV. TRANSFER OF SOLDIERS. -138. No non-commissioned officer or soldier will .be transferred from one regiment to another without , the authority of the commanding General. 139. The Colonel may, upon the application of the Captains, transfer a non-commissioned officer or soldier from one company to another of bis regiment — with consent of the department commander in case of change of post ; but in no case from one regiment to another where serving in different departments without approval of department com- manders, and then at expense of parties transferred, except where trans- fer is required by interests of public service. • ' 140. When soldiers are authorized to be transferred, the transfer will take place on the first of a month, with a vi«\v to the more convenient fettleinent of their accounts. • 141. In all cases of transfer, a complete des.'riptive roll will accom- pany the soldier transferred, which roll will embrace an account of his pay, clotliing, and otiier allowances ; also, all stoppages to b« made on account of the Government, and debts due the laundress, as well as such other facts as may be necessary to show his character and military history. ARTICLE XVr. DECEASED OFFICERS. 142. Whenever an ofpcer dies, or is killed at any military post or sta- tion, or in the vicinity of the same, it wHI lie the duty of tiie command- ing (ithocr to report tlie fact direct to the Adjutant and Inspector Gene- ral, with the date, and any other information proper to be communica- ted. If an officer die at a distance ffom a military post, any officer having intelligence of the same will in like manner communicate it, epecifving the day of his decease ; a duplicate of the report will be sent to department headquarters. • 143. Inventories of the effects of deceased officers, required by the 94th article of war, will be transmitted to the Adjutant and Inspector General, 144. If a legal administrator or family connection be present, and take charge of the eflfects, it will be so stated to the Adjutant aOd In- spector General. ARTICLE XVII. DECEASED SOLDIERS, 145. Inventories of the effects of deceased noncommissioned officers 16 DECEASED SOLDIERS — bESERTERS. and soldiers, required by the 95th nrticle of war, will be forwarded to the Adjutant and Inspector General, by the commander of the company to which the deceased belonged, and a duplicate of the same to the Colo- nel of the regiment. Final statements of pay, clothing, &c., will be sent with the inventories. When a soldier die^ at a post or station absent from his company, it will be the duty of his immediate commander to furnish the required inventory, and, at the same time, to forward to the commanding officer of the company to which the soldier belonged, a re- port of his death, specifying the date, place, and cause ; to what time he was Inst paid, and the money or other effects in his possession at the time of his decease ; which report will be noted on the next muster roll of the company to which the man belonged. Each inventory will be endorsed, " Inventory of the effects of , late of company ( — ) , regiment of , who died at ■, the day of , 186—." If a legal representative receive the effects, it will be stated in the re- port. If the soldier leave no effects, the fact will be reported. 146. Should the effects of a deceased non-commissioneil officer or sol- dier not be administered upon within a short period after his decease, they shall be disposed of by a Council of Administration, under the authority of the commanding officer of the post, and the proceeds depos- ited with the .Quartermaster, to the credit of the Confederate States, until they shall be claimed by the legal representatives of the deceased. 147. In all such oases of sales- by the Co\jncil of Administration, a statement in detj^il, or account of the proceeds, duly certified by the Council and commanding officer, accompanied by the Quartermaster's' receipt for the proceeds, wijl be forwarded by the commanding officer to the Adjutant and'^nspector General. The statement will be indorsed, "Report of the proceeds of the effects of , late of company ( — ) ■ regiment of , who died at , the day of ■ , 186—." , ARTICLE XVIII. DESERTERS. 148. If a soldie? desert from, or a deserter be received at, any post other than the station of the company or detachment to which he be- longed, he shall be promptly reported by the commanding officer of such post, to the commander of his company or detachment. The time o'f desertion, apprehension and delivery will be stated. If the man be a recruit, unattached, the required report will be made to the Adjutant and Inspector General. When a report i^ received of the apprehension or surrender of a deserter at any post other than the station of the com- pany or detachment to which he belonged, the commander of such com- pany or detachment shall immediately forward his description and ac- count of clothing to the officer making the report. 149. A reward of thirty dollars will be paid for the apprehension and delivery of a deserter to an officer of the Army at the most convenient" post cr recruiting station. Rewards thus paid will be promptly reported by the disbursing officer to the officer commanding the company in which the-tleserter is mustered, and to the authority competent to order hjs trial. The reward of thirty dollars will include the remuneration for all expenses incurred for apprehending, securing and delivering a deserter. DISCHARGES. 17 150. When non-commissioned oflScers or soldiers are sent in- pursuit of a deserter, the expenses necessarily incurred will be paid whether he be apprehended or not, and reported as in case of rewards paid. 151. Deserters shall make goodthe time lost by desertion, unless dis- charged by competent authority. 152. No deserter shall be restored to duty without trial, except by the authority competent to order the trial. ' 153. Rewards and expenses paid fur apprehendin|^a deserter, will be set against his pay, when adjudged by a court-martial, or when he is restored to duty without trial on such condition. 154. In reckoning the time of service, and the pay and allowances of a deserter, he is to be considered in service when delivered up as a de- serter to the proper authority. 155. An apprehended deserter, or one who surrenders himself, shall receive no .pay while waiting trial, and only ouch clothing as may be actually necessary for him. ARTICLE XIX. • DISCHARGES. 15G. No enlisted man shall be discharged before the expiration of his term of enlistment without autiiority of the War Department, except by sentence of a general court-martial, or by the coipmander of the depart- ment, or of an army in the field, on certificate of disability, or on appli- cation of the soldier after twenty years' servic^\ 157. When an enlisted man is to be discharged, his company com- mander shall furnish him certificates of his account, according to form 4, Pay Department. 158. Blank discharges will be furnished from the Adjutant and In- spector-General's office. No discharge shall be made in duplicate, nor shall any certificate be given in lieu of a discharge, except by order of the War Department. 159. The cause of discharge will be stated in the body of the dis- charge, and the space at foot for character cut ofif, unless a recommen- dation is given. IGO. Wlien a non-commrissio«ed officer or soldier shall be unfit for military service in consequence of woun3s, disease or infirmitj', his cap- tain shall forward to the commandant of the Department, or of the army in the field, through the commander of the regiment or post, a state- ment of the case, with " certificates of disability, "-signed by the senior surgeon of the regiment or post, according to the" form prescribed in the medical regulations. If the recommendation for the discharge of the invalid be approved, the authority therefor will be endorsed on the "certificates of disability," which will be sent back to be completed, and signed by the commanding ofiicer of the regiment or command to which the invalid's company belongs, who will also sign the discharge, and cause the final statements to be made out, and forward the certifi- cates of disability to the Adjutant and Inspector General. IGI. When a noncommissioned officer or soldier is absent from his regiment or company, in hospital, and shall be unfit fur military service, for the reasons set forth in the preceding paragraph, the senior surgeon of the hospital will make out " certificates of disability," and forward them, through the commander of the company or regiment, to the com- 18 TRAVELING ON DUTY — LEAVES 01 ABSENCE. mander of the department or of the army in the field, -whose approval beinj^ given, the commanding officer will complete and forward the cor tificates of disability to the Adjutant .and Inspector General, and send the papers of discharge to the surgeon. But when access to comman- ders is difficult, and attended with great dolay, the certificates of disa- bility may, in urgent cases, be^ forwarded by the surgeon to the surgeon general for approval : which being given, the discharge will be author- ized from the Ad^tant and Inspector General's office ; and the surgeon will make out final statements. 162. The date, place, and cause of discharge of a soldier absent from his company, will be repprtod by the commander of the post to his com- pany commander. 163. Company commanders are required to keep the blank discharges ' and certificates carefully in their own custody. ARTICLE XX. TRAVELING ON DUTT. 164. Whenever an officer, traveling undei*' orders, arrives at his post, he will submit to the commanding officer a report in writing, of the time .occupied in the travel, with a copy of the orders under which the jour- ney was performed, and an explanation of any delay in the execution of the orders ; which report the commanding officer shall transmit, with his opinion on it, to department headquarters. If the officer be superior in rank to the commander, the required report will be made by the senior himself. 165. Orders detaching an officer for a special duty, imply, unless otherwise stated, that he is thereafter to join his proper station. ARTICLE XXL LEAVES OF ABSENCE TO OFFICER?. 165. In no case will leaves of asence be granted, so that a company be left without one of its commissioned officers, or that a garrisoned post be left without two commissioned officers and competent medical attend- ance ; nor shall leave of absence be granted to an officer during the sea- s(m of active operations, exce{5t on urgent necessity, and then as follows : The commander of a post may grant seven days leave — the commander of an army thirty. 16T. When not otherwise specified, leaves of absence will be consid- ered as commencing on the day that the officer is relieved from duty at his post. He will report himself monthly, giving his address for the next thirty days, to the commander Oi his post, and of his regiment or corps, and to the Adjutant and Inspector-General ; and in his first re- port state the day when his leave "of absence commenced ; at the expi- ration of his Irave he will join his station. 168. Applications for leave of absence for more than tliirty days, must be referred to the Adjutant and Inspector-General for the decision of the Secretary of AVar. In giving a permission to apply for the extension of a leave of absence, the term of the extension should be stated. 169. The immediate commander of the officer applying for leave of absence, and all intermediate commanders, will endorse their opinion on the application before forwarding it. 170. The commander of a post may take leave of absence not to ex- FURLOUGHS TO ENLISTED MEN. 19 ceed seven days at one time, or in the same month, reporting the fact ■ to iiis next superior. 171. Leaves of absence on account'of sickness yrill not be granted to go beyond tlie limits of the Military Department within which they are stationed, unless the certificate of the medical oflBcer shall explicitly state that a j^reater chanjje is necessary to save life, or prevent perma- nent disability. Nor will sick leaves to go beyond the Department limits be given in any case, except of immediate urgency, without the previous sanction of the War Department. 172. On the expiration of a leave of absence given onaccount of sick- ness, if the oflBcer be able to travel, ho will furihwilh proceed to his post, although his disability may not have been removed. Exceptions to this general rule must be made in each case V>y the War Department, on full and explicit medical certificates setting forth the reasons for delay, and the length of tinie delay is considered necessary. 173. An application for leave of absence on account of sickness, must be accompanied by a certificate of the senior medical officer present, in the following form : , of the regiment of , having applied for a certificate on wlricli to ground an application for leave ofabsence, I do hereby certify that I have carefully exaniined this oflBcer, and find that — [Here the nalxire of the disease, wound, or disal>i!if>/, is to be fully sfaicd, and the period during which the oficer has suffered under its effects,] And that in consequence thereof, he is, in my opinion, unfit for duty. I further declare my belief that he will not be able to resume his duties in a less period than . [Here state candidh/ aiid explicitly the opinion as to the period which loill probably elapse before the officer will be able to res^U7ne his duties. When there is 7io reason to expect a recovery, or when the prospect of recovery is distant and uncertain, or when a change .of climate is recommended, it must be so stated. [ Dated fit— — , tltis day of . Signature of the Medical Officer. 174. In all reports of absence, or application for leave of absence on account of sickness, the oflScer shall state how long he has been absent already on that account, and by whose permission. ARTICLE XXTL FURLOUCnS TO ENLISTED MEN. 175. Furloughs will be grantee^ only by the commanding officer of the post or th^commaniHng oflBcer of the regiment actually quartered with it. Furloughs may be prohibited at tbo discretion of the officer in com- mand. 176. Soldiers on furlough shall not take with them their arms or ac- coutrements, but in all cases of long expected absence, should be fur- nished with d^criptive and clothing accounts, by their Captains, to enable them to draw their pay. 1"7. Form of furlough : TO ALL WHOM IT MAT CONCERN. The bearer hereof, , a sergeant (corporal, or private, as the case m^y be) of Captain company, — regiment of , aged — year, — feet — inches high, complexion, eyes, 20 COUNCILS OP ADMINISTRATION. hair, and by profession a ^, born in the of , and enlisted at ,~ in the — ^ — of , on the day of , eighteen hundred and , to serve for the period of , is hereby permitted to go to , in the county of , State of , he having received a furlough from the — day of , to the — day of , at whifh period he will rejoin his company or regiment at , or wherever it then may be, ur be considered a deserter. Subsistence has been furninhed to said , to the day of ■ , aiid pay to the day of , both inclusive. Given under my hand, at , this day of , 18 — . Signature of the officer \ giving the furlough, j ARTICLE XXIII. COUNCILS OF ADMINISTRATION. 178. The commanding officer of every post shall, at least once in every two months, convene a Post Council of Administration, to consist of three regimental or company officers next in rank to himself ; or, if there be but two, then the two next ; if but one, the one next ; and if there be none other than himself, th«i he himself shall act. 179. The junior member will record the pi-oceedings of the council in a book, and submit the same to the commanding officer. If he disap- prove the procaedings, and the council, after a reconsideration, adhere to its decision, "a copy of the whole shall be sent by the officer command- ing to the next higher commander, whose decision shall be final, and entered in the council book, and the whole be published in orders fcr the information and government of all concerned. 180. The proceedings of Councils of Administration shall be signed by tlie president and recorder, and the recorder of each meeting, after entering the whole proceedings, together with the final order therecm, shall deposi-t the book with the commanding officer. In like manner, the approval or objections of the oflicer ordering the council will be signed with his own hand. 181. The Post Council shall prescribe the quantity and kind of cloth- ing, small equipments, and soldiers' necessaries, groceries, and all arti- cles which the sutlers may be required to keep on hand ; examine the sutler's books and papers, and fix the tariff of prices of the said goods or commodities ; inspect the sutler's weights and measures ; fix the laun- dress charges, and make the regulations for the post school. 182. Pursuant to the SOth Article of War, commanding officers re- viewing the proceedings of the Council of Administration will scrutinize the tarifi" of price? proposed by them, and take care that the stfires ac- tually furnished by the sutler correspond to the quality ^prescribed. POST FUND. 183. A post fund shall be raised at each post by a%x on the sutler of 10 cents a month for every officer and soldier of the command, accord- ing to the average in each month to be ascertained by the council, and from the saving on the flour ration, ordinarily 33 per c.^nt., by baking the soldiers' bread at a post bakery : Provided, that when want of vege- tables or other reasons make it necessary, the commanding officer may order the flour saved, or any part of it, issued to the men, aftei paying expenses of baking. rOST AND COMPANY FUND, 21 184. The commanding officer sliall desip;ny be allowed him, he being respon- sible that it is kept in repair. If there be no such building, he may be allowed to erect tne ; but this article gives the sutler no claim to quarters, transportation for himself or goods, or to any military al- lowance whatevei-. 201. The tariff of prices fixed by the Council of Administration shall be exposed in a conspicuous place in the sutler's store. No difference of prices will, bo allowed on cash or credit sales. 202. Sutlers are not allowed to keep ardent spirits or other intoxi- cating drinks, under penalty of losing their situations. 203. Sutlers shall not farm out or underlet the business and privi- leges granted by their appointment. 204. No sutler shall soil to an enlisted man, on credit, to a sum exceed- ing one-third of his monthly pay within the same month, without the written sanction of the company commander, or the commanding officer of the post or station, if the man does not belong to a company ; and not exceeding one-half the monthly pa^ with such permission. MILITARY DISCUSSIONS AND PUBLICATiqjfS — ARRESTS. 23 205. Three days before the last of every n)^nth, the sutler shall ren- der for verification, to the company conimnnder, or to ihe commanding officer, as the case may be, according to the meaning of the preceding paragraph, a written and separate account in each case, of any cliarges he may liave against enlisted men for cnjlection, and the officer shall submit the accounts to the soldier for acknowledgment and signature, and witness the same. In the case of a soldier's death, desertion, or removal from the post, the account will be rendered immediately. If the soldier dispute the account, and the sutler insist, and in case of death and desertion, the sutler will be required to establish the account by affidavit cnd,orsed on it, before any officer authorised to administer an oath." Such verification will establish the debt unless disproved, and the amount may be collected at the pay table where the soldier is pre- Bent. otherwise provided for in succeeding paragraph. 206. AH accounts o# sutlers against enlisted men, which are not col- lected at the pay table — as of those who have died, deserted, or been removed bejond the reach of the sutler — after being duly audited as above, will he entered on the next succeeding muster-roll, or on the de- scriptive roll, or certificate of discharge, as the case msiy be, and the same siiall be retained from any balances due the s('ldier, after deduct- ing forfeitures and stoppages for the Government and laundress, and be paid to the sutler, on application to the second auditor of the treasury, through the Quartermaster-General. » ARTICLE XXVI. MILITARY DISCUSSIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. 207. Deliberations or discussions among any class of military men, having the object of conveying praise, or censure, or any mark of ap- probivtion toward their superiors or otiiers in the military service ; and all puljlications relative to transactions between officers of a private or personal nature, whether newspaper, pamphlet or hand-bill, arc strictly prohibited. ARTICLE XXVIL ARKESTS AND CONFINEMENTS. 208. None but commanding officers have power to place officers under arrest, except for offences e.xpressly designated in the 27th article of war. 209. Officers are not to be put in arrest for light offences. For these the censure of the commanding officer will, in most cases, answer the purpose of discipline. 210. An officer in arrest may, at the discretion of his commanding officer, iiave larger limits assigned him tiian his tent or quarters, on written application to that effect. Close confinement is not to be re- sorted to unless under circumstances of an aggravated character. 211. In ordinary cases, and where inconvenience to the service would result from it, a medical officer will not be put in arrest until the court- martial fir his' trial convenes. 212. The arrest^f an officer, or confinement of a soldier, will, as soon as practicable, bo notified to his immediate commander. 2U. Ail prisoners under guard, without written cliarges, will be re- leased by the officer of the day at guard-mounting, unless orders to the contrary be given by the commanding offi.-er. 214. On a march, company officers and non-commissioned officers in 24 iiou^ OF service! and roll calls. arrest will follow in the lear of theit respective companies, unless other- wise particularly ordered. 215. Field officers, commissioned and non-commissioned staff officers, under the same circumstances, will follow in the rear of their respective regiments. • 210. An officer under arrest will not wear a sword, or visit officially his commanding or other superior officer, unless sent for; and in case of business, he will make known his object in writing. ARTICLE XXVIII. HOURS OF SERVICE AND ROLL CALL. 217. In garrison, reveille will be at day-break ; retreat at sunset ; the troop, surgeon's call, signals for breakfast and dinner at the hours pre- scribed by the commanding officer, according to climate and season. In the cavalry, stable calls immediately after reveille, tnd an hour and a half before retreat; loaier-calls atthe hours directed by thecommanding officer. 218. In camp, the commanding officer prescribes the hours of reveille^ reports, roll-calls, guard-mounting, meals, stable-calls, issues, fa- tigues, &c. SIGNALS. 219. 1. To go for fael — poing-stroke and ten stroke roll. 2. To go for water — two strokes and a flam. 3. For fatigue party — pioneer's march. 4. Adjutant's caX\— first part of the troop. 5. First sergeant's call — one roll and four taps. 6. Sergeant's call — one roll and three taps, 7. Corporal's call — one roll and two taps. S. For the drummers — the drnmmer's call. 220. The drummers call shall be beat by the drums of the police guard five minutes before the time of beating the stated calls, when the drummers will assemble before the colors of their respective regiments, and as soon as the beat begins on the right, it will be immediately taken up along the line. • ROLL-CALLS. 221. There shall be, daily, at least three stated roll-calls, viz : at re- veille, retreat, and tattoo. They will be made on the company parades by the first sergeants, superintended by a commissioned officer of the company. The captains will report the absentees without leave to the colonel or commanding officer. 222. Immediately after reveille roll-call, (after stable duty in the caval- ry,) the tents "or quarters, and the space around them, will be put in order by the men of the companies, superintended by the chiefs of squads, and the guard-house or guard tent by the guard or prisoners. 223. The morning reports of companies, signed by the Captains and First Sergeants, will be handed to the Adjutant before eight o'clock in the morning, and will be consolidated by the Adjutant within the next hour, for the information t f the Colonel ; and if the consolidation is to be sent to higher authority, it will be signed by the Colonel and the Adjutant. ARTICLE XXIX. HONORS TO BE PAID BT THE TROOPS. 224. The President or Vice-President is to be saluted with the highest HONORS TO BE PAID BY THE TROOPS. 25 honors — all standards and colors dropping, cfficer^ and troops saluting, drums beating and trumpets sounding. 225. A General is to be received — by cavalry, with sabres prese'nted, trumpete sounding the march; and all the officers saluting, standards dropping; by infantry, with drums beating the march, colors dropping, officers saluting, nnd arms presented. 220. A Major- General is to be received — by cavalry, with srffiVes pre- sented, trumpets sounding twice the trumpet flourish, and officers salu- ting ; by infantry, with three ruffles, colors dropping, officers saluting, and arms presented. 227. A Brigadier- General is to be received — by cavalry, with sabres presented, trumpets sounding once tho trumpet flourish, and officers saluting; by infantry, with two rufilcs, colors dropping, officers salu- ting, and arms presented. 228. An Adjutant- General or Inspector- General, if under the rank of a General officer, is to be received at a review or inspection of the troops underarms — by cavalry, with sabres presented, officers saluting; by arms presented. The same honors to be paid to any field-officer, author- ized to review and inspect' the troops. When the inspecting officer is junior to the officer commanding the parade, no compliments will be paid ; he will be received only with swords drawn and" arms shouldered. 229. All guards are to turn out and present arras to General officers as often as they pass the^.^, except the personal guards of General offi- cios, which turn out only to the Generals whose guards they are, and to officers of superior rank. 230. To commaudera of regiments, garrisons, or camps, their own guards turn out, and present arms once a day ; after which, they turn out with shouldered arms. • 231. To the members of the Cabinet; to the Chief Justice, the Presi- dent of the Congress of the Confederate States ; and to Governors within their respective States and Territories — the same honors will be paid as to a General. 232. Officers of a foreign service niay be complimented with the honors due to their rank. 233. American and Foreign Envoys or iVmj'sier* will be received with the compliments due to a Alajor-General. 234. The onlirs of a rv^iiniciit p ts-iu;r a guard are to bo saluted, tho trumpets Boumiing. and llio driuus Ikmuuj!; a march. 235. When (jenentl ifn< ors nr iKirsntts piuitled to salute, pass in tho rear of a guard, tho officer is only tn make his mon stand shouldered, and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. 236. W hen General offi.ers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, hot!) guards are to salute, receiving the wnrd of cfimmand from the senior officer of, the whojc. 237. All guards are to be under arms when armed parties approach their posts; and to parties commanded by commissioned officers, they are to present their arms, drums beating a march, and officers saluting. 23H. No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid between re- treat and rrrri/lr, e.xccpt as pre^^cribed for grand rounds. 239. All guards and sentincii are to pay tlicsame ejmplimcnts to tho officers of the navy, marines, uiid militia, "in tlio service of tho Confede- 2 2Q SALUTES. rate States, as are directe(>to be paid to the officers of thearmj, accord- ing to tlicir relative ranks. 2-i9. It is equally the duty of non-commipsioned officers and soldiers, at all times, and in all sitnatihns, to pay the proper compliments to ofiB- cers of the navy and marines, and to officers of otlicr regiments, when in uniform, as to offii.ers of their own particular regiments and corps. 241. €V)urtesy among nnlitary men is indispensable to discipline. Respect to supevii^rs will not be contined to obedience on duty, but will be extended to all occasions. It is always the duty of the inferior to accost or to offer first the customary salutation, and of tiie superior to return such eumplimentary notice. 242. Sergeants, -vrith swords drawn, will salute by bringing them to a present — with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body, so as to strike the musket near the right shoulder. Corporals out of the ranks, and privates not sentries, will carry their muskets at a shoulder as sergeant, and salute in like manner. 243. When a soldier without armSj or with side-arms only, meets an officer, he is to raise his hand to the right side of the visor of'hi^i cap, pivlm to the front, elbow raised as high as the shoulder, looking' at the same time in a respectful and soldier-like manner at the officer, who will return .the compliment tiius offered. 244. A noncommissioned officer or soldier being seated, and without particular occupation, will rise on the approach of an officer, and make the customary salutation. If standing, he will turn toward thebffidlr for the same purpose. If the parties remain in the same place or on the same ground, such compliments need not be repeated. SALUTES. 245. The national salute is determined by the number of States com- posing the Confederacy, at* the rate of one gun- for each State. 240. The Fiesideni of the Confederate States alone is to receive a na- tional salute. 247. The Vice-President is to receive a salute of two guns less than a national salute. 248. The Heads of the great Executive Departments of the National Government ; ihe (jlenerals ; the Governors of States and Territories, within their respective jurisdictions, two guns less than Vice-President. 249. A Major- General, one gnn less than General. * 250. A Brigadier- General, one gnn less than Major- General. 251. Foreign ships o/?car will be saluted in return for a similar com- pliment, gun for gun, on notice being officially received of such inten- tion. If there be several posts in sight of, ir within sis miles of each other, the principal only shall reciprocate compliments with ships passing. 252. Officers of the Navj^ will be saluted according to relative rank. 253. Foreign officers invited to visit a fort or post, may be saluted ac- cording to their relative rank. 254. Envoys and Ministers of the Confederate States and foreign powers are to j^e saluted Avith 7 guns. 255. A General officer will be saluted but once in a year at each post, and only when notice of his intention to visit the f>09t has been given.- ^ ESCORTS OF HONOR. 27 " 25G. Salutes to individuals are to be fired on their arrival only. 257. A national salute will ho fired at meridian on tlio anniversary of the adoption of the Provisidinvl Cunstitufion, ?>th February, ISGl, at each military post and i^anip provided witii artille(% and ammunition. ESCORTS OF HONOR. 258. Escorts of honor may be composed of cavalry or infantry, or both, accord i no;, to ctrciimsfances. Tliey are guards of Iionur for tho purpose of reocivin^ and escorting personages of high rank, civil or military. The tro<»jT3 for this purpose will be selected for their soldier- ly appearance and superior discipline. 259. The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre opposite to tho place where tl.e personage presents hiinseff, witTi an interval between tho wings to receive him and his retinue. On his appearance, h% will be received with the honors due to his rank. When he has taken hia place in the line, the whole will be wlietded into platoons or companies, as the ca^e may be, and take up the nftrch. The same ceremony will be observed, and tho same honors paid, on his leaving the^^jscort. 200. When the position of the escort is at a considerable distance from the point where he is cvpected to be received, as, for instance. vsihere a court yard or wharf intervenes, a double line of suntinels \viU bo posted from that point to the escort, facing inward, and the sentinels will successively salute as he passes. 201. An ofcer will bo appointed to attend hiin, to bear such commu- nications as he may have to make Vi the commander of the escort. « rUVF.RAr, HONORS. 202. Oi the receipt of official intelligence of the death of tho Presi- (h' lit of the Coufederatc Rtatcx, at any post or camp, the comixianding utficer shall, on the f Jlowiiig day, cause a gun to Ire fired at every halt" hour, beginning at sunrise and ending at sunset. When posts are con- tiguous, the firing will take place at the jwst only commanded by tho superior oficor. 20;}. On til* day of interment of a General commandingin chief, a p;un will be fired at every half hour, until the procession moves, begin- ning at sjinriso. 204. The funjral esc irt of a Onieral shall consist of a legiment of infantry, a sc^uadron of cavalry, and six pieces of artillery. 20"). That of a }fy the non-commis- aionca offioerfi or privates of the regiment or company, according to tho rank of the deceased, with side-arms only. 285. Persons joining in the procession, follow the coffin in tiic in- verse order of their rank, 2H6. Tlic usual badge of military mourning is a piece of black crapo around the left arm, above tlie clhow, and also upon the sword hilt, and dvill be worn when in full or in undress. 287. As family rmvurning, crape will be worn by officers (when ill oniform) only tround the left arm. 288. The drums of a funoral effort will Ijc covered with black crape, or thin black serge. • • 289. rurver&l honore will be paid to deceased ofiiccrs without military rank according tw th«ir assimilated grades. . • ARTICLE XXX- IKSPBCTIONS OF THE rROOPS. 200. The inspection of troops, as a division, regiment, or other body onnipoiing a garrison or command, not less than a company will gene- rally be preceded by a review. 291. Tliere will be certain periodical inspections, to wit: 1. ffhe commanders of regiments and iioste will make an inspection of their commands on the last day of every month. 2. Captains will inspect their companies every Sunday morning. No *J/icers and Se/geants, to your G. March. posts. 7. Take — Arms. 10. March, and will cause the company to file off to their tents and quarters, ex- cept the company that is to re escort the colors, which will await the furtlier orders of the Colonel. 300. In an extensive column, some of tlie rearmost companies may, after the inspection of dress and general appearance, be permitted to stack arms until just before the Inspector approaches them, when they will be directed to take arms and readme their position. 307. The inspection of the troops being ended, the field and staff will next accompany the Inspector to the hospital, magazine, arsenal, quar- ters, sutler's shop, guard-house, and such other places as he may think proper to inspect. The Captains and subalterns repair to their compa- nies and sections to await the Inspector. i.0f<. The hosjiital being at all times an object of particular interest, it will be critically and minutely inspected. 309. The men will be formed in the company quarters in front of their respective I unks, and. on the entrance of the Inspector, the word Attention. ' will be given by the senior non-commissioned oflicer present, when the whole will salute with tlie hand, without uncove.ing. 310. The Inspector attended by the company officer.-", wilP examine the general arrangement of the interior of tlie quarters, the bunks, bed- ding, cooking, and table utensils, and such other objects as may present thenuelves ; and after. \ards the exterior. 311. The Adjutant shall exhibit to the Inspector the regimental books and p.x(«er.<«, including those relating to the transactions of the council of administration. The ci mpany books and papers will abo be exhib- ited, the whole together, {;enerally at the Adjutant's office, and in the prcacnoc of the officers not otherwise particularly engaged. 32 MUSTERS — FORMS OF PARADE. 312. The Inspector will examine critically the books and accounts of the administrative and disbursin;^ ofTiccrs of the command, and the money and property in their keeping. 31o. Tlie inspection of cavalry and artillery will conform to the prin- ciples laid down in the foregoing paragraphs, regard being had to the system of instruction for those arms of service respectively. ARTICLE XXXI. 314. The musters will be made by an Inspector-General, if present, otherwise by an officer specially designated by the cunimander of thQ army, division, or department; and in absence of either an Inspector- General, or officer specially designated, the muster will be made b^' the commander of the post at the end of every .month. 315. When one inspecting o'c'ber cannot muster all the troops him- self on the day specified, the commanding officer will designate suck other competent officer as may be necessary to assist him. 316. All stated musters of the troops shall be preceded by a minute and careful inspection in the prescribed mode ; and if the command be more than a company, by a review, before inspection. 317. The ma«tering officer having inspected the companies in suc- cession, beginning on the right?, returhs to the first company to muster it. The company being at ordered arms, with open ranks, as when in- spected, the Captain will, as the mustering officer approaches, command, 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Shoulder — Arms. 4. Support — Arms. The mustering officer will then call over the names on the roll, and each man, as his name is called, will distinctly answer, Here! and bring his piece to a co,rrij and to an order. 318. After each company is mustered, the Captain will order it to be marched to the company parade, and thCre dismissed to quarters to await the Inspector's visit. 319. After mustering the companies, the mustering o^cer, attended by the company commanders, will visit the guard hospital, to verify the presence f f the men reported tiiere. 320. The muster and pay-rolls will bo made on the printed forms furnished from the Adjutant and Inspector-General's office, and accord- ing to the directions given on them. On the muster-rolls companies are designated by the name of the Captain, whether present or absent. The pay-roll is left blank, to be filled by the Quartermaster. 321. One copy of each muster-roll will be transmitted by the muster- ing office^ to the Adjutant and Inspector-General's office, in the War Department, within three days after the muster. ARTICLE XXXII. . FORMS OF PARADE. 322. On all parades of ceremony, such as rcvie.vs, guard-mounling, at Troop or Retreat parades, instead of the word " Rest," which allows the men to move or change the position of their bodies, the command ■will be, " PamcZe— Rest." At the last word of this command, the soi- FORMS OF PARADE. 33 dicr will carry the rif];lit foot six inclies in tlio rear of the left heel, the left knee sligh'ly bent, the l)i)dj upj-ij^lit upon the rij^ht leg ; the mus- ket resting ap;ainst the hollow of the ri^ht shouhler, the hands crossed in front, the hacks of them outward, and the left hand up[)ermost. At the word " ^<;t, where the reviewing officer is, supposed to take his station ; and, although he may choose to quit that position, still tlie color is to be con- sidered as the point to which all the movements and formations are relative. 337. The Adjutant will also cause points to be marked, at suitable distances, for the wheelings of the divisions, so that their right flanks, in marching past, shall only be about four paces from the camp c(dor, where it is supposed the reviewing officer places himself to receive the salute. 338. The battalion being formed in the order of battle at shouldered arms, the Colunel will command, 1, Bailalion, prepare for review. 2. To (lie rear, open order. 3. IMarch At the word March, the field and stafi" officers dismount; the company officer's and tli« color rank advance four paces in front of the front rank, and place tliemselves opposite to their respective places in the order of battle. The color-guard replace the color-rank. The staff officers place themselves, according to rank, tliree paces on the right of the rank of company officers, and one pace from each other; the music takes post as at parade. Tlic non-commissioned staff take post one pace from each otiier, and three paces on the right of the front rank of the battalion. 339. When the ranks are aligned, the Colonel will command, Front ! and place himself eight paces, and the Lieutenant-Colonel and Major will place themselves two paces, in front of the rank of company offi- cers, and opposite to their respective places in the order of battle, all facing to the front. 310. AViien the reviewing officer presents himself before the centre, and is fifty or sixty paces distant, the Colonel will face iibout, and coin- tuand, Present — Arms ! and resume his front. The men present arms, and the officers salute, fio as to drop their swords with the last motion of the fire-lock. The non-commissioned staff salute by bringing the sword to a poise, the hilt 36 ■ FORMS OF PARADE. restinn; on the breast, the bhxde in front of the face, inclining a little outward. The music will play, and all the drums beat, accordino;; to the rank of the reviewing officer The colors only salute such persons as, from their rank, and by regulation, ( see Article XXIX.) are entitled to that honor. If the Yeviewing officer be junior in rank to the com- mandant of the parade, no compliment will be paid to him, but he will be received with arms carried, and the officers will not Salute as the column passes in review. 341. The reviewing officer having halted, and acknowledged the salute of the line by touching or raising his cap or hat, the Colonel will face about, and command, , • Shoulder — Arms ! when the men shoulder their pieces; the officers and non-commissioned staff recover their swords with the last. motion, and the Colonel faces to the front. 342. The reviewing officer will the'n go toward the right, the whole remaining perfectly stead3% without paying any further compliment, while he passes along the front of the battalion, and proceeds round the left flank, and along the rear of the file-closers, tcf the right. While the reviewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and will cease when he has returned to the right flank of the troops. 343. When the reviewing officer turns off, to place himself by the camp color in front, the Colonel will face to the line and command, 1. Close Order. 2. March! At the first command, the field and company officers will face to the right-about, and at the second command all persons, except the Colonel, will resume their places in the order of battle ; the field and staff offi- cers mount. 344. The reviewing officer having taken his position *iear the camp color, the Colonel will command, 1. By company, right wheel. 2. Quick — March! 3. Pass in revieio, 4. Column, forioard. 5. Guide right. 6. March ! The battalion, in column of companies, right in front, will then, in common time, and at shouldered arms, be put in motion ; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading jcompany: the Lieu- tenant-Colonel on a line with the leading company ; the Major on a line with the rear company ; the Adjutant on a line with the second com- pany; the Sergeant-Major on a line with the company next preceding the rear — each six paces from the flank ( left ) opposite to the reviewing officer; the staff officers in one rank, according to the order of prece- dency, from the right, four paces in rear of the -column ; the music, preceded by the principal musician, six paces before the Colonel ; the pioneers, preceded by a Corporal, four paces before the principal musi- cian ; and the Quartermaster-Sergeant two paces from the side opposite to the guides, and in line with the pioneers. 345. AH other officers and non-commissioned officers will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open column. The guides and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the front in passing in review. JORMS OF PARADE. 37 346. The color-bearer will remain in the ranks while passing and. salutinj;;. 347. The music will begin to play at the ccnnmand to march, and after passing the reviewing oflicer, wheel to the left out of the column, and take a position opposite and facing him, and will continue to play until the i^ear of the column shall have passed him, when it will cease, and follow in the rear of the battalion, unless the battalion is to pass in quick time, also, in which case it will keep its position. 348. The officers will salute the reviewing officer when they arrive within six paces of him, and recover their swords when six paces past him. All officers, in saluting, will cast their eyes toward the reviewing officer. 349. The Colonel, when he has saluted at the head of the battalion, will place himself near the reviewing officei, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will rejoin the battalion. 350. The colors will salute tlie reviewing officer, if entitled to it, when within six paces of him, and be raised when they have passed by him an equal distance. The drums will beat a march, or ruffle, accord- ing to the rank of the reviewing officer, at the same time that the colors ealute. 351.- When the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Colonel will direct it to the ground it marched from, and command, Guide left. in time for the guides to cover. The column having arrived on its ground, the Colonel will coramaml, 1. Column. 2. IIaltI form it in order of battle, and cause the ranks to be opened, as in para- graph 341. The review will terminate by the whole saluting as at the beginning. * 352. If, however, instructions have l)een previously given to march the troops past in quick time, also, the Colonel will, instead of changing the guides, halting the column and wheeling it into line, as above di rccted, give the command, 1. Quick time. 2. March. In passing the reviewing officer again, no salute will be offered by either officer or men. The music will have kept its position opposite the reviewing officer, and at the last command will commence playing, and as the column approaches, will place itself in front of, and march off with the column, and continue to play until the battalion is halted on its original ground of formation. The review will terminate in the same manner as prescribed above. 353. The Colonel will aftor\vards cause the troops to perform such exercises and manoeuvres as the reviewing officer may direct. 354. When two or more battalions are to be reviewed, they will be iurmed in parade order, with the proper intervals, and will also perform the same movements that are laid down for a single battalion, olis»ving tlie additional directions tlmt aro given for such movements when ap- plied to the line. The Brigadier-Cicnoral and his staff, on foot, will place themselves opposite the centre of the brigade; the Brigadier- 38 FORMS OF PARADE. General two paces in front of the rank of Colonels, his aid two paces on his right, and one retired; and the other brigade staff officers, thoso having the rank of field officers, in the rank of Lieutenant Colonels and Majors and those below that rank, in tiie rank of company officers. 355, In passing in review, a Major-General will be four paces in front of the Colonel gf the leading battalion of his division, and the Brigadier-General will be on the right of the Colonels of the leading Tjattalions of their brigades ; staif officers on the leftJ'of their Generals. 35G. When the line exceeds two battalions, the reviewing officer may cause tiieni to march past in quick time only. In such cases, tho mounted officers only will salute. 367. A number of companies less than a battalion will be reviewed as a battalion, and a single company as if it were with the battalion. In the latter case, the compan'y m.ay pass in column or platoons. 358. If several brigades are to be reviewed together, or in one line^ this further difference will be observed : the reviewing personage, joined by the General of the division, on the right of his division, will proceed down the line, parallel to its front, and when near the Brigadier-Gen- erals respectively, will be saluted by their brigades in succession. The music of each, after the prescribed salute, will play while the review- ing personage is in front, or in rear of it, and only then. 359. In marching in review, with several battalions in common time, the music of each succeeding battalion will commence to play when the music of the preceding one has ceased, in order to follow its battalion. When marching in quick time, the music will begin to play when the rear company of the preceding battalion has passed the i-cviewing offi- cer. 3G0. The reviewing offic'er or personage will acknowledge the salute by raising, or faking off his cap or hat, when the commander of the troops salutes him ; and also when the colors pass. The remainder of the time occupied by the passage of the troops he will be covered. 3GI, The review of cavalry and artillery will be conducted on similar principles, and according to the systems of instruction for those -arma of the servioe. III. GUAKDMOUNTING. -362. Camp and garrison guards will be relieved every twenty-four hours. The guards at outposts will ordinarily be relieved in the same manner; but this must depend oh their distance from camp, or other circumstances, which may sometimes require their continuing on duty several days. In such cases they must be previously warned to provide themselves accordingly. 363. At the first call for guard-mounting, the men warned for duty turn out in their company parades for inspection by the First Ser- geants; and at the second call, repair to the regimental or garrison parade, conducted by the First Sergeants. Each detachment, as it ar- rives, will, under the directioq of the Adjutant, take post on the left of the oie that preceded it, in open order, arms shouldered and bayonets fixed ; the supernumeraries five paces in the rear of the men of their respective companies ; the First Sergeants in the rear of them. The Sergeant-Major will dress the ranks, count the files, verify the details, FORMS or rARADE. 39 and when the guard is formed, report to the Adjutant, ami take post two paces on the left of the front rank. 304. Tlie Adjutant then comniiiiTiLs Front, when the officer of the guard takes post twelve paces in" front of the centre, the Sergeants in one isniik, four, paces in the rear uf the officers*; and the Corporals in one rank, four paces in the rear of tiie Sergeants-r-all facing to the front. The Adjutant then assigns their places in the guard. 365. The Adjutant will then command, 1. Officer, and non-commissioned officers, 2. About — Face! 3. Inspect your gtiards — March! The non-coinmissioned officers then take their posts. The commander of the guard then commands, 41 1. Order — ArmsI 2. Inspection — Arms! and inspects his guard. When there is no commissioned officer on the guard, the Adjutant will inspect it. During inspection, the band will play. SGC). The inspection ended, the officer of the guard takes post as though the guard were a company of a battalion, in open order, under review ; at the same time, also, the officers of the day will take post in front of the centre of the guard ; the old officers of the day three paces on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. 307. The Adjutant will now command, 1. Parade — Rest! Troop— Beat off ! when the music, beginning on the rrglit. will beat down the lino in front of the officer of the guard to the left, and back to its place on tlie right, where it will cease to play. 3G8. The Adjutant then commands, 1. Attention! 2. (S/tojiZrfer— Arms ! , 3. Close order — March! At the word "close order," the officer will face about; at " march,' resume his post in line. The Adjutant ihen commands, Present — AuJis! at which he will face to the new officer of the day, salute, and report, " Sir, lite t/riard is formed." The now officer of tlie day, after acknowl- edging the salute, will direct the Adjutant to march the guard in re- view, or by flank to its post. But if the Adjutant be senior to the offi- cer (if the day, he will report without saluting witli the s*vord then, or when marching the guard in review. S^'iO. lu review, the guard march ))ast the officer of the day, accord- ing to the order of rellpbw, conducted by the Adjutant, nnirching on the left of the first division ; the Sergeant-Major on the loft of thelast division. 370. When the column has passed the officer of the day, the officer of the guard marches it to its post, the Adjutant and Sergeant Major retiring. The music, wiiich has wheeled out of the column, and taken post opposite the offic.Cr of the day, will cease, and the old ollioer of the day salute, and give the (dd or standing order^to the new officer of tho day. The supernumeraries, at the s»mc time, will bo marched by tho First Sergeants to their respective company parades and dismissed. 40 FORMS OF PARADE. 371. In 'bad weather, or at night, or after fatiguing marches, the ceremony of turning off may be dispensed with, but not the inspection. 372. Grand guards, and otlier 'brigade guards, are organized and mounted on the brigade parade by tlie staff officer of the parade, under the direction of the field officer of the day of the brigade, according to the principles here prescribed for the police guard of a regiment. The detail of each regiment is assembled on the regimental parade, verified by the Adjutant, and marched to the brigade parade by the senior offi- cer of the detail. After inspection and review, the officer of the day directs the several guards to their respective posts. 373. The officer of the old guard having his guard paraded, on tho approach of the new guard, commands, • Present — Akms! 374. The new guard will march, in quick time, past the old guard, at slioulder arms, officers saluting, and take pest four paces on its right, where, being aligned with it, its commander will order, Present — Arms I The two officers will then approach each other and salute. They will then return to their respective guards, and command, 1. Slioulder — Arms ! 2. Order — Arms. 375. The officer of the new guard will now direct the detail for the advanced guard to be formed and marched to its post, the list of the guard made and divided into three .reliefs, experienced soldiers placed over the arms of the guard and at the remote and responsible posts, and the young soldiers in posts near the guard for instruction in their duties, and will himself proceed to take possession of the guard-house or guard-tent, and the articles and prisoners in charge of the guard. 376. During the time of relieving the sentinels and of calling in tho small posts, the old commander will give the new all the information and instructions relating to his post. 377. The first relief having been designated and ordered two paces to the front, the Corporal of the new guard will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, accompanied by the Corporal of tho old guard, who will take command of the old sentinels, when the whole aro relieved. 378. If the sentinels are numerous, the Sergeants are to be em- ployed, as well as Corporals, in relieving them. 379. The relief, with arms at a support, in two ranks, will march by flank, conducted by the Corporal on the side of the leading front-rank man ; and the men will be numbered altern^Iy in the front ai^d rear rank, the man on the right of the front raiikT)eing No. 1. Should an officer approach, the Corporal will command mrr?/ arms, and resume the support arms when the officer is passed. 380. The sentinels at the guard-house or guard-tent will be the first relieved and left behind ; the others are relieved in succession. 381. When a sentinel sees the relief approaching, he will halt and face to it, with his arm^ at a shoulder. At six paces, the Corporal will conunand, 1. Eeli$: 2. Halt! FORMS OF PARADE — GUARDS. 41 when the relief will halt and carry arms. The Corporal will then add, "No. 1," or '"No. 2," or "No. 3," according to the number of the post, -4n??s— Port ! Tlie two sentinels will, with arms at port, then approach each other, when the old sentinel, under the correction of the Corporal, will whis- per the instructions to tiie new sentinel. This oone, the two sentinels will phoulder arms, and the old sentinel will pass, in quick time, to his pliicc in rear of the relief. The Corporal will then command, 1. Support — Arms ! 2. Forward. 3. March ! and the relief proceeds in the same manner until the whole are re- lieved. 382. The detach*ments and sentinels from the old guard having come in, it will be marched, at shoulder arms, along the front of the new . guard, in quick time, the new guard standing at present ai-ms ; offi- cers saluting, and the music of loth guards beating, except at the out- posts. 383. On arriving at the regimental or garrison parade, the commander of the old guard will send the detachments composinjf it, under charge of the non-commissioned officers, to their respective regiments. Before the men are dismissed, their pieces will be drawn or disciiarged at a target On rejoining their companicms, the chiefs of squads will ex-, amine the arms, &c., of their men, and cause the whole to be put Away in good order. 384. When the old guard has marched off fifty paces, the officer of the new guard will order his men to stack their arms, or place theni in the arm racks. 385. The commander of the guard will then make himself acquainted with all the instructions for his post, visit the sentinels, and question them and the nun-commissioned officers relative to the instructions they may have received from other persons of the old guard. ARTICLE XXXIII. 380. Sentinels will be relievea every two hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, should make it necessary or pre per that it be done at sijorter or longer intervals. 387. Kach relief, before mounting, is inspected by the commander of the guard or of its post. The Corporal reports to him, and pr^cnts the old relief on its return. 38S. Tiie coiinfcrsif/iuiar watcliwurd, is given to sueh persons as are entitled to pass during Tne night, and to officers, non-commissioned offi- cers, and sentinels of the guiird. Interior guards receive the counter- sign only when ordered by the commander of -the troops. • 389. The parole is imparted to sueh officers only as have a ^-ight to visit the guards, and to make the grand rounds; and to officers com- manding guards. 390. As soon as the new guard has been marched off, the officer of the day will repair to the office of the commanding officer and report for orders. 42 GUARDS. 391. The officer of the day must see that the officer of the guard ia furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat. 352. The officer of the day visits the guards during the day at such times as he may deem necessary, and makes his rounds at night at least once after 12 o'clock. • 393. Upon being relieved, the officer of the day will make such re- marks in the report of the officer of the guard as circumstances require, and present the same at headquarters. 394. Commanders of guards leaving their posts to visit their senti- nels, or on other duty, are to mention their intention, and the probable time'" of their absence, to the next in command. 395. The officers are to remain constantly at their guards, except •while visiting their sentinels, or necessarily engaged elsewhere on their proper duty. ' 396. Neither officers nor soldiers are to take oflf their clothing or accoutrements while they arc on guard. 397. The officer of tlie guard must see that the countersign is duly communicated to the sentinels a little before twilight. 398. When a fire breaks out, or any alarm is raised in a garrison, all guards are to be^immediately underarms. 399. Inexperienced officers are put on guard as supernumeraries, for the purpose of instruction. 400. Sentinels will not take orders or allow themselves to be relieved, except by an officer or non-commissioned officer of their guard or party, the officer of the day, or the commanding officer; in which case the orders will be immediately notified to the commander of the guard by the officer giving them. 401. Sentinels will report every breach of orders or regulations they are instructed to enforce. 402. Sentinels must keep themselves on the alert, observing every thing that takes place within sight and hearing of their post. They will carry their arms habitually at support, or on either siioulder, but will never quit them. In wet weather, if there be no scntrybox, they will secure arms. 403. No sentinel shall quit his post or hold conversation not neces- sary to the proper discharge of his duty. 404. All persons, of whatever rank in the service, are required to observe respect toyrard sentinels. 405. In case of disorder, a sentinel must Call out the guard; and if a firp take place, he must cry — ." Fire!" adding the number of his post. If in either case the danger be great, he must discharge his firelock be- fore calling out. 40G. It is the duty of a sentinel to repeat otI calls made from posts more distant from the main body of the guard than his own, and no Be*tinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. 407. Sentinels will present arms to general and field officers, to the officer of the day, and to the commanding officer of the post. To all other officers they will carry arms. 408. Wlien a sentinel in his sentry-box sees an officer approaching, he will stand at attention, and as the officer passes will salute him, by GUARDS. 43 bringing the left band briskly to the musket, as high as the right shoulcier. 409. The sentinel at any post of the guard, when he sees any body of troops, or an officer entitled to compliment, approach, must call " Turn out the guard!" and announce who approaches. 410. Guards do not turn out as a mattar of compliment after sunset; but sentinels will, when ofiicers in uniform approach, pay them proper attention, by facing to the proper front, and standing steady at shoul- dered arms. Tliis will be observed until the evening is so far advanced that the sentinels begin challenging. 411. After retreat (or the hour appointed by the commanding officer), until broad daylight, a sentinel challenges every person who approaclies l.im, taking, at the same times the position of arms i^ort. lie will .suf- fer no person to come nearer than within reach of his bayx)net, until the person lias given the countersign. 412. A sentinel, in challenging, will call out — " Who comes there?" If answered — " Friend, with the countersign," and lie be instructed to pass persons with the countersign, he will reply " Advance friend, with the countersign!" If answered — ''Friends!" he will reply, ''Halt friends! Advance one, with the countersign !" If answered — " Felief," " Patrol, or "Grand rounds," he Avill reply — "Halt! Advance, ^'e?•- geant {or Corporal) wilhXhe countersign !" and satisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have i;o authority to pass persons with the countersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or if the persons have not the countersign, he will cause them to stand, and .call, " Coiyoi'al oj the Guard!" 413. In the daytime, when the sentinel before the guard sees the officer of the day apjiroach, he willcall — " T^irn out the guard ! Officer of the day ." The guiird will be paraded, and* salute witli present d arms. 414. When any person approaches a post of the guard at night, the sentinel before the post, after challenging, causes him to halt until ex- amined by a noncommissioned officer of tiie guard. If it bo the officer of the day, or any otlicr officer entitled to inspect the guard and to make the rounds, the non-commissioned o'Hccr will call — " Turn out the guard!" when the guard will be paraded at shouldered arms, and*the officer of the guard, if lie thinks necessary, may demand the counter- sign and- parole. 415. The ofliccr of tiie day, wishing to make the rounds, will take an escort of a non-commissioned officer and two men. When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the Sergeant will answer — " Grand rounds!" and the sentinel will reply — "Halt, grand rounds! Advance, Sergeant, irith the countersign !" Tpfn which the Sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry — " Advance rounds!" and stand at a shoulder till they have passed. 41G. When the sentinel before the guard cliallenges, and is answer- ed — " Grand rounds '" he will reply — " JLtlf, grand roiinds ! Turn out the guard : grand rounds !" Upon which thef;uard will be drawn up at shouldered arms. The officer commanding tbe guard will then order ft Sergeant and two mCn to advance ; when within ten paces, the Ser- geant challenges. The Sergeant of the grand round answers — '* Grand rounds!' The Sergeant of the guird replies — "Advance, Sergeant, 44 FORM OF GUARD REPORT, FORM OF GUARD REPORT. Report of Guard mounted at , on the , and relieved on the ■ Parole. Articles in charge. .be *^ 3 X!." S Countersign. • 0) CO 5 be o fi. >-< o c (0 'o 3 > O bX) n post by persons entitled to make grand rounds, ought to be promptly notified to the com- mander of the guard. 418. Any General officer, or the commander of a post or garrison, may visit the guards of his command, and go to the grand rounds, and be received in the same manner as prescribed for the officer of the day. ARTICLE XXXIV. ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE. 419. The orders of commanders of armies, divisions, brigades, regi- ments, are denominated orders of such army, division, &o., and are either general or*pecial. Orders are numbered, general and special, in separate series, each beginning with the year. 420. General orders announce the time and place of issues .and pay- ments, hours for roll calls and duties ; the number and kind of order- lies, and the time when they shall be relieved ; police regulations, and the prohibitions required Ijy circumstances and localities ; returns to bo made, and their forms ; laws and regulations for the army ; promotions and appointments ; eulogies or censures to corps or individuals, and generally, whatever it may be iaiportant to make known to the whole command. 421. Special orders are such as do not concern the troops generally, and need not be published to the whole comnfand ; such as relate to tho march of some particular corps, the establishment of some post, the de- taching of individuals, the granting requests, &c.^&c. 422. A general order, and an important special order, must be read and aporoved by the officer whose order it is, before it is issued by the staff officer. 423. An order will state at the head, the source, place and date, and at tho foot, the name of the commander who gives it; as for example : Headquarters of the Firat Brigade, Second Division. Camp at , 1*7 June, 18G — . General Orders, ) No. . I By command of Brigadier-General A, B. C. I)., Assistant Adjutant-General. 424. Orders may be put in the form of letters, but generally in the strict military form, through the oHice of the A(jutant or Adjutai\t and Inspector-General of the command. 425. Orders are transmitted through all the intermediate commanders in the order of rank. When an intermediate Commander is omitted, 46 ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE. the officer who gives the order shall inform him, and he who receives it shall report it to his immediate superior. 426. Orders for any body of troops will be addressed to the com- mander, and will be opened and executed by the commander present, and published or distributed by him wlTen necessary ; printed orders, however, are generally distributed direct to posts from the headquar- ters where issued. 427. Orders assigning the stations of officers of engineers, ordnance, and of tfte staff departments, except as provided in the regulations for troops in the campWiign, will be given by the Secretary of War, through the Adjutant and Inspector-General's office, or by, commanders of geo- graphical departments, under tlie special authority of the War Depart- ment. The commander of a department, who, in consequence of the movement of troops or other necessity of the service, reftioves an oflScer from the station assigned to him by the Secretary of War, shall prompt- ly report the-case to the Adjutant and Inspector-Generul. 428. A file of the printed orders will be kept with the headquarters of each regiment, Vith each company, and at each military post, and will be regularly turned over by the commander, when* relieved, to his successor. 429. If general orders a: e not received in regulaf* succession, com- manding officers will report the missing numbers to the proper liead- quarters. 430. The orderly hours being fixed at each headquarters, thestaff officers and chiefs of the special services either attend in person, or send their assistants to obtain the orders of the day ; and the First Ser- geants of companies repair fur that purpose to the regimental or garri- son headquarters. 431. During marches and active operations, and when the regular orderly hours cannot be observed, all orders will be either sent direct to the troops, or the respective commanders of regiments or corps will Ijc informed wlien to send to headquarters for them. Under the same circumstances, orders will be read to the troops during a halt, without waiting for the regular parades. 432. Orders to any officer to make a tour of travel on duty, as for the inspection or payment of troops, &o., shall designate the troops and posts he shall visit, and the order in which»he shall visit them, and the. route of travel. 433. Every commander who gives an order invol^-ing an expenditure of public money, shall send a copy, without delay, to the bureau of the War Department to which the expenditure appertains; and if such commander be serving in a military department, he shall send a copy of the order to the headquarters of the Department. 434.' If a military commander shall give to a disbursing officer any order in conflict with orders received by him from the officer in chargo of his department, at any superior headquarters, such commander shall forthwith transmit the order to such headquarters, with exfdanation of the necessity which justifies it. 435. Copies of all orders of .the commanders of armies, departments, divisions, and detached brigades, and of the superintendent of the re- cruiting service, will be forwarded at their d',harged with directing an expeditiiiu or making a reconnoisance, without having command of tho escort, tho commander of the escort shall consult him ou all the arrange- ments necessary to secure the success of tlie operation. 477. Staff officers, and commanders of engineers, and artillery, re- port to their immediate commanders tlie state of tiie supplies aid. what- ever concerns the service under their direction, and receive their orders, and communicate to them those they receive from their superiors in their own corpp. 478. The senior officer of engineers, of artillery, and the dopartmentvS of the general staff serving at tlie chief head-quarters in the field, will transmit to tiie bureau of liis department at Richmond, at the dose of the campaign, and such other times as the commander in the field may approve, a full report of the operations of^his department, and w4iat- ever information to improve its service he may be able to furnish. The report of the officer of engineers will embrace plans of military works executed during tho campaign, and, in <;ase of siege, a journal of the attack or defence. » COXTUIBUTfONS. 470. When the wants of the army absolutely require it, and in other 'cases, utider special invtruitions from the Witr" Department, the general commanding the army m.iy levy contril)Utiorifi in mcmey o,- kind on the er.emy's country occupied by the trnops. No other commander can levy puc'i contributions without written authority from the general command- ing io-chief. ORDERLIES. 4i>50. At the opening of n campaign, the commander of ah army de- terTuines and announces in orders the number of orderlies, mounted or foot, for the (Generals, and the corps or regiments by which they are to be :o chief of the Quartermaster's Department, who calls on the regiments for their camping-parties, and is acconrjia- nied, if necessary, by an Engineei-, to propose the defences and com- munications. 491. The ■watering-places are examined, and gignale placed at those CAMP Ui- INli'ANrRY. oS tVmt are dangerous. Any work required ta make them of easier access is done by the police guard or Quartcrmnster's men. Sentinels, to be relieved by the guards (^f tlie regiment when they come up, are placed by the camping-party over tiie water if it is scarce, and over the houses and stores of provisions and forage in the vicinity. 492. If the camping-party does not precede the regiment, the Quar- termaster attends to these things as (soon as the regiment reaches the camp. 493. On reaching tiie ground, the infantry form on the color front ; the cavah-y in rear of its camp. 494. Tiie Generals establisli the troops in camp as rapidly as possible, particularly after long, fatiguing marches. 495. The number of men to be furnislied for guards, pickets, and orderlies; the fatigue parties to be sent fur supplies; the work to be done, and the strength of the working parties; the time and place for issues; the hour of marching, (fee, are then announced by the Briga- dier-Generals to the Colonels, and by them to tho field officers — tho Adjutant and Caphiins formed in front of the regiment, the First Ser- geants taking post nehind their Captains. The Adjutaut then make;* the details, and the First Sergeanta^warn the men. Tiie regimental ofhcer of the day forms the picket, and sends the guards to their posts, Tho colors are then planted in the centre of the color linc.Tind the urms are stacked on the line ; the fatigue parties to procure supplies, and the working parties form in rear of the arms ; the men not on detail pitch the tents. 496. It the camp is near the enemy, tho picket remains under arms until the return of the fatigoo parties, and, if nccesssarj', is reinforced by details from each cjujpany. 497. In the cavalry, each troop moves a little in rear of the point at which its horses are to be secured, and forms in one rank ; the men then dismount ; a detail is. made to hold tjie horses ; the rest stack their arms and fix the piiket rope; after the horses arc attended to, the tents Are pitched, and each horseman places his carbine at the side from the weather, and hangs iiis sabre and bridle on it. 498. The standard is then carried to the tent of the^Joloncl. 499. The terms fri nt, flank, right, left, file, and rank, have the same meaning when applied to camps as to the order of battle. 5U0. The front of the camp is usually equal to the front of the troops. The tents are arranged in ranks and fifes. The number of ranks varies with the strengtli of tiie companies and the size of the tents. aOl. No otticer win be all.)wed to occupy » hou-e, although vacant and on the ground of ids camp, except by permission of the commander of tlie lir.gade, who shall report it to th^commander of the division. 502. The staff oflicer charged with esrablishing the camp^ill desig- nate the place for the shambles. The offal will be buried. » CAMP OF INFANTRr. 503. Each company has its tents in two files, facing on a street per- pendicular to the C(dor line. The width of the Ftrcct depends on the front of the camp, but should not be less than five paces. The interval between the ranks of tents is two paces; between the files of tents of adjacent companies, two paces; bctwceu regiments, twenty-two paces. 54 CAMP OF CAVALRY. 504. The color line is ten paces in front of the front rsink of tents. The kitchens iive twenty paces behind the rear rank of cimipany tents; the non-comniis8ioned staff and sutler, twenty paces in rear of the kitchen; the company ofScers, twenty paces farther in rear; and tho fielil and stuff, twenty paces in rear of tiie company otticers. 505. The company ofBcers are in rear of their respective companies; the Captains on the right. 50G. The Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel are near the centre of the line of field and staff; the Adjutant, a Major and Surgeon, on the right ; the Quartermaster, a Major and Assistant Surgeon, on the left. 5D7. The police guard is at the centre of the line of the non-conimis- sioned staff, the tents facing to the front, the stacks of arms on the left. 508." The advanced post of the police guard is about 200 paces in front of the color line, and opposite the centre of the regiment, or on the best ground ; the prisoners' tent are about four paces in rear. In a regi- ment of the second line, the advai\ced p.>st of the police guard is 200 paces ill rear of the line of its field and staff. 509. The horses of the staff officers and of the^baggage train are twenty-five paces in rear of the tents of tlie field and staff; the wagons are parked on the sam.e line, and^he men of the train camped near them. 510. The sinks of the men are 150 paces in front of the color line — those of the ofBcers 100 paces in rear of tho train. Both are concealed by bushes._ When convenient, tiie sinks of the men may be placed in the rear or on tlie flank. A portion of the earth dug out for sinks to be tlirown back occasionally. 511. The front of the camp of a regiment of 1000 men in two ranks •will be 40U paces, or one-fifih le?s pi.c<^s than the number of files, if the camp is to have the same front as the troops in order of battle. But the front may be reduced to 190 paces by narrowing the company streets to five paces ; and if it be desirable to reduce the front still more, the'tents of companies may be pitched in single file— those of a divis- ion facing on the same street. CAMP OF CAVALRY. 512. In the cavalry, each company has one file of tents — the tents opening on the street facing the left of the camp. 513. The horses of each company are placed in a single file, facing the opening of the tents, and are fastened to pickets planted firmly in the ground, from three tc^six paces from the tentffof the troops. 514. The interval between the file of tents should be such that, the regiment being broken into column of companies, each company should be on the extension uf the lino'on which the horses are to be picketed. 515. The streets separating the squadrons are wider than those between the companies by the interval separating squadrons in line ; these in-tervals are Jjept free from any obstruction throughout the camp. 516. The horses of the rear rank are placed on the left of ^hose of their file leaders. 517. The horses of the Lieutenants are placed on the right of their platoons ; those of the Captains on the right of the company. 518. Bach horse occupies a space of about two paces. The number Camp of a Regiment of Infantry. n PI PI MENS SINKS %\ :: c« 1 in COLOJt LIN E. c\d[STACKS OF ARMS ■ ■ BB ■■ BB BQ ■■ BM BB na DB BB m-% MM DM BH BB ail BQ did EJIl K/TCHENS. . ■ ■ a a B POLICE GUARD SUTLER NOM WtlM'STAFF. .XX ■■ u n Dl 01 Bl 1 ■ t3R nil RB-I S 03 nn pfti nil 1 P'^ \n ECJ eut OB 1 A NON COMMI>STAPF B. C OMPA N y OFF/CERS ai la BB an db on ran b As:5tipj:rmj. nR.Mft. ltcol col. adjt I BB BB MAJ. SURQi SACGACC - r^AiN. OrF/C£fiS S/A//CS. ■1 n f- Page 54 400 Paces. ^*^«^*^4^«^ Camp of a Regiment of. tive. SQfiadrons of Cavalry. ' boa o n o.n o.n.o j-!o!fi_ O— o ur" ■ ^ ^ V , o non Q n.o o.rj-_n o£Lo nop .. i< iDl o noa on o a q n o_n o n ^ □ . o p "2 '-' _, aoaononoaoapasa o □"■■ ^ ° o nonoaon o_a o_g_o a □ o □:— : ^^^ o tj— IT U. o D ' ^^^ ^ n en o □ o □ o_a p.g_o nR o_ 3 D "'"^ 1-' Li o noaooonono.apa, n_. o □ " U ^ t40 Donlao n on oa.o o. a* ^ O ^ o 9- '^ C:; C; « - r^ ^ '-* «J ^ -Si 2 ^= s «s. <, 5 ^ ^ -^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,s 0^ I CAMP OF ARTILLERY — BIVOUACS. 55 of horses in the company fixes the depth of the camp and the distance between the files of tents ; the fora^^e is phiced between the tents. 519. Tlie kitchens are twenty paoes in front of each file of tents. 520. The non-commissioneool of the battalion and squadron. Ref!;iments and brij^ades encamped by division are not united for drills without the permission of the General of division. The troops must not be exercised at the firings witlnuit the authority of the General commanding-in-thief. Tiie practice of the drums must never begin with the "general," or the " march of the regiment;" nor the trumpets with the sound " to horse.' The hour for practice is always announced. ORDERS. "544. In the field, verbal orders and important sealed orders are car- ried by officers, and, if possible, by staff officers. When orders are carried by orderlies, the place and time of departure will be marked ou them, and place and time of delivery on the receipt. DISPATCHES. 545. Dispatches, particularly for distant corps, should be entrusted only to officers to whom their conteiits can be confided. In a country occupied by the eneniy, the bearer of dispatches should be accompanied by at least two of the best mounted men ; should avoid towns and vil- lages, and the main roads ; rest as little as possible, and only at out-of- the-way places. Where there is danger, he should send one of the men in- advance, and be always ready to destroy his dispatches. lie should be adroit in answering questions about the army, and not be intimi- dated by threats. WATCnWORDS. 546. The^arole and countersign are issued daily from the principal headquarters of the command. The Ciiuntersign is given to the senti- nels and non-commissioned officers of the guards ; the parole to the commissioned officers of guards. The pai'ole is usually the name of a General ; the countersign of a battle. 547. When the parole and countersign cannot be communicated daily to a post or detachment which ought to use the same as the main body, a series of words may be sent for some days in advance. 548. If the countersign is lost, or one v{ the guard deserts with it, the commander on the spot will substituto another, and report the case at once to the proper superior, that immediate notice may be giveu to headquarters. 549. At what time and for wliat period issues are made, must depend on circumstances^ and bo rcgiihited in orders. When an army is not moving, rations are generally issued for four days at a time. Issues to the companies of a regiment, and the fatigues to receive them, are bu- 58 ROSTEU. perintended by an oflBcer detailed from the regiment. Issues are made from one end of the line to the other, beginning on the right and left alternately. An issiie comnieneed on one regiment will not be inter- rupted for another entitled to precedence if it had been ia place. THE ROSTER, OR DETAILS FOR SERVICE. 550. The duties performed by detail are of three classes. The first class comprises, Ist, grand guards and outposts ; 2d, interior guards, as of magazine, hospital, &c. ; 3d, orderlies ; 4th, police guards. The second class comprises, 1st, detachments to protect laborers on military works, as field-works, communications, &c. ; 2d, working par-, ties on such works ; 3d, detachments to protect fatigues. The thu'cl class are all fatigues, without arms, in or out of camp. In the cavalry, stable-guards form a separate i-oster, and count before fatigue. 5*^1. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. The details are tak*en in succession in the order of the roster, beginning at the head. 552. Lieutenants form one roster, and First and Second Lieutenants are entered on it alternately. The senior First Lieutenant is the first on the roster; the senior Second Lieutenant is the second, &c. The Captains form one roster, and are exempt from fatigues, except to su- perintend issues. A Captain commanding a battalion temporarily is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. Lieutenant- Colonels and Majors are on one roster. They may be detailed for duties of the first and second classes, when the importance of the guards and detachments i-equires it. Their roster is kept at division and brigade headquarters. In the company, Sergeants, Corporals and privates form distinct rosters. 553. Officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers take duties of the first class in the order stated, viz: the first for the detail, takes the grand guards ; the next, the interior guards ; the last, the police guaras ; and the same rule in regard to the details and duties of the second class. In the details for the third class, the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service<^ut of camp. 554. When the officer whose tour it is, is not able to take it, or is not present at the hour of marching, the next after him takes it. When a guard has passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was cannot then take it. He takes the tour of the ofQcer who has taken his. When an officer is prevented by sickness t'nim taking his tour, it passes. These rules apply equally to non-commissioned officers and soldiers. 555. Duties of the first and second classes are credited on the roster ■when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels, or an interiiir guard has reach-Mi its post; fatigue duties when the parties have passed the chain or begun the duties in camp. 556. Every officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier on duty of the first class, or who is of the next detail for such duty, takes, when re- lieved, the duty of the second or third class that has fallen to him during thai time, unless he has marched for detachment of more than twenty-four hours. 557. Soldiers march with knapsacks on all duties of the first class ; POLICB GUARD. 59 and with amis and equipments complete on all working parties out of the camp, unless otherwise ordered. In the cavalry, horses are packed for all mounted service. 558. In the cavalry, dismounted men, and those whose horses are not in order, are preferred for the detail for dismonrrted service. Those who are mounted are never employed on those services, if the number of the other class are sufficient, 559. Every non-commissiond officer and soldier in the cavalry de- tailed for dismounted service must, before he marches, take to the First Sergeant of the troop, or Sergeant of his squad, his horse equipments and his valise ready packed. In case of alarm, the First Sergeant sees that the hurses of these men are equipped and led Jo the rendezvous. 560. These rules in regard to the roster apply also to service in gar- rison. POLICE GUARD. 5G1. In each regiment a police guard is detailed every day, consist- ing of two Sergeants, three Corporals, two drummers, and men enough to furnish the required sentinels and patrols. The men are taken from all tlie companies, fuom each in proportion to its. strength. 'J'he guard is commanded by a Lieutenant, under the supervision of a Captain, as regimental officer of the da,y. It furnishes ten sentinels at tlie camp; one' over the arms of the guard; one at the Colonel's tent ; three on the color front — orfe of them over the colors; thi'ee, fifty paces in rear of the field officers' tents; and one on each flank, between it and the nest regiment. If it is a flank regiment, one more sentinel is posted on the outer flank. . * 502. An advanced post is detached from the police guard, composed of a. Sergeant, a Corporal, a drummer, and nine men to furnish senti- nels and the guard over the prisoners. The men are first of the guard roster from,*acIi company. The m«n of the advanced post must not leav* it under any pretext. Their meals are sent to the post. The ad- vanced post furnishes three sentinels; two a few paces in front of the post, opposite the riglit and left wing of the regiment, posted ^o as to see as far as possible to the front, and one over tlie arms. 563. In the cavalry, dismounted men* are employed in preference on the police guard. The mounted men on guard are sent in succession, apart at a ti.me, to groom their horses. The advanced post is always formed of mounted men. 564. In each company, a Corjioral has charge of the stable-guard. His tour begins at retreat, and ends at morning stable-call. The stable- guard is large enough to relieve tiie men on post every two hours. They sleep in tl eir tents, and are called by the Corporal when wanted. At retreat he closes the streets of the camp with cords, or uses other pre- cautions to prevent the escape of loose horses. 565. The officer of the day is charged with the order and cleanliness of the camp; a fatigue ifi furnished to him when the number of pris- oners is insufficient to clean the camp. Ho has the calls beaten by the drummer of the guard. •. 566. The police guard and the advanced post pay (he same honors as other guards. They take arms when an armed body approaches. 567. The scntiriel over the colors has orders not to permit them to l50 POLICE GUARD. be moved, except in presence of an escort ; to let no one touch them but the color-bearer, or the Sergeant of the police guard when he is accompanied by t\Y0 armed men. 568. The sentinels on the color front permit no soldier to take arms from the stacks, except by order of some officer, or a non-commissioned oflBcer of the gnard. The sentinel at the Colonel's tent has orders to ■warn him, day or nignt, of any unusual movement in orabout the camp. 569. The sentinels on the front, flanks, and rear, see that no soldier leaves camp with horse or arms, unless .conducted 'by a non-commis- sioned officer. They prevent non-commissioned officers and soldiers from passing out at night, except to go to the sinks, and mark if they re- turn. They arrest, at any time, suspicious persons prowling about the camp ; and at nighf, every one who attempts to enter, even the soldiers of other corps. Arrested persons are sent to the officer of the guard, who sends them, if necessary, lo the officer of the day. .570. The sentinels on the front of the advanced post have orders to permit neither non-commissioned officers or soldiers to pass the line, without reporting at the advanced post; to warn the advanced post of the approach of any armed body, and to "arrest all suspicious persons. The Sergeant sends persons so arrested to the officer of the guard, and warns him of the approach of any armed body. 571. Tlie sentinel over the arms at the advanced post guards the prisoners and keeps sight of them, and suffers no one to converse with them witliout pennission. They are only permitted to go to the sinks one at a time, and under a sentinel. 572. If any one is to bo passed out of camp at night, the officer of the g«ard sends him under escort to the advanced post, and the Sergeant of the post has him passed over the chain. , 573. At retreat, the ofiicer of the guard has the roll of his guard called, and inspect arms, to see that they are loaded and in order; and visits the advanced post ftr the siyne purpose. The Sergeant of the police guard, accompanied by tvro armed soldiers, folds the colorsvand lays them on the tre.^tle in tiie rear of the arms. He sees that the sut- ler's stores are closed, and the men leave them, and that the kitchen fires are put out at the appointed hour. 57-t. The officer of the day i^atisfies himself frequently during the night of the vigilance of the police guard and advanced post. He prescribes patrols and rounds to be made by the officer and non-com- missioned officers of the guard. The officer of the guard orders them when he thinks necessary. He visits the sentinels frequently. 575. At reveille, the police guard takes arms ; the officer of the guard inspects it and the advanced post. The Sergeant re plants theco'orsin place. At retreat and reveille the advanced post takes arms ; the Sergeant makes his report to the officer of the guard when he visits the post. 576. When necessary, the camp is covered at nig4it with small out- posts, forming a double chain of sentinels. These posts are under the orders of the commander of the police guard, and are visited by his pat- rols and rounds. 577. The officer of the guard makes his report of his tour of service, including the advanced post, and sends it, after the guard is marched off, to the officer of ^he day. POLICE GUARD. 61 578. When the re;;iment marches, the men of the police <);uard return to their companies, except those of the advanced post. In the cavalry, at the sound " boot and saddle," the officer of the gu.ird sends one-half the men to saddle and pack; when the regiment assembles, all the men join it. 579. When the camping party precedes the regiment, and the new police guard marches with the camping party, the guard, on reaching the camp, forms a line,thirty paces in front of the centre of the ground marked for the regiment. The officer of the gftard furnishes the senti- nels required by the commander of the camping party. The advanced post takes its station. 580. The advanced post of the old police guard takes charge of the prisoners on the march, and marches, bayonets fixed, at tlio centre of the regiment. On reaching the camp, it turns over the prisoners to the new advanced post. 581. The detail for the picket is made daily, after tlie details for duty of first-class, and from the next for detail on the roster of that class. It is desigried to furnish detachments and guards unexpectedly called for in the txVenty-four hours ; it counts as a tourof the first class to those who have marched on detachment or guard, or who have passed the night in bivouac. 5S2. The officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of the picket are at all times dressed and equipped; the horses are saddled, and knapsacks and valises ready to be put on. 583. Detacliments and guards from tlie picket are taken from the head of the picket roll in each company, and, if possible, equally from each company. The picket of a regiment is composed of a Lieutenant, two Sergeants, four Corporals, fi drummer, and about forty privates. For a smaller force, the picket is in proportion to the strength of the detachment. 584. Officers and men of the picket who march on detachment or guard before retreat, will be replaced. 585. The picket is assembled by the Adjutant at guard-mounting; it is posted twelve paces in the rear of the guard, and i's inspected by its own commwider. AVhen the guard has marclied in review, the com- mandant of tlie picket marches it to,the left of tlie police guard, where it stacks its arms, and is dismissed ; the arms are under charge of the sentinel of the police guard. 58G. The picket is only assembled by the orders of the Colonel or officer of the day. It forms on the left of the police guard. 587. The officer of the day requires tlie roll mf the picket to be called fn qiiontly during the day ; tlie call is soun post has been established, the commander sends to the field officer of the day, when -necessary, a soldier of the guard to guide the Relieving guard to the post. He also sends to him in tiie evening a Corporal or trusty man of the guard for the note containing the parole atid countersign, and sends them before dark to the detached posts. He will not suffer his guard to be relieved except by a guard of the brigade, or by special orders. 596. If there is no pa»s to be ol)served or defended, the grand guards are placed near the centre of the ground they are to observe, on shel- tered, and, if possible, high ground, the better to conceal their strength and observe the enemy ; they ought not to be placed near the edge of a wood. When, during the day, they are placed very near or in sight of the enemy, they fall back at night on posts selected farther to the rear. 597. In broken or in mountainous countries, and particularly if the inhabitants are ill-disposed, intermediate posts must be esfabiished when it is necessary to post the grand guard distant from the camp. 598. Grand guards are chiefly to watch the enemy in front; their flanks are protected by each other, and the camps must furnish poets to T)rotect their rear and secure their retreat. (JRAND GUARDS. 6?) 599. Grand guards are seldom intrenched, and never without the or- ders of the General, except by a barricade or ditch when exposed in a plain to attacks of cavalry. 600. The General of Division, if he tliinks proper, changes the sta- tions and orders of these j^uards, and establishes posts to connect the brigades or protect the exterior flanks. 601. After a grand guard is posted, the first care of the commander and of the field oflicer of the day is to get news of the enemy ; tlien to reconnoitre his position, and the roads, bridges, fords, and defiles. This reconnoisance determines the force and pysititn of the small posts and their sentinels day and night. These posts, according to their im- portance, are commanded by officers or non-commissioned oflicers ; the cavalry posts may be relieved every four or eigiit hours. 602. The commander of a grand guard receives detailed instructions from the (j^neral and field officer of the day of the brigade, and in- structs the commanders of the small posts as to their duties and the ar- rangements for the defence or retreat. Ihe commanders of grand guards may, in urgent cases, change the positions of the small posts. If the small posts are to change their positions at night, they wait until the grand guard have got into position and darkness hides their move- ments from the enemy ; then march silently and rapidly utider the charge of an officer. 603. In detached corps, small posts of picked men are at night sent, forward on the roads by which the enemj' may attack or turn the p si- tion. They watch the forks of the roads, keep silence, conceal them- selves, lijrht no fires, and uften change place. They announce the ap- proach of the enemy by signals agreed upon, and retreat, by routes examined during the day, to places selected, and rejoin the guard at daybreak. 604. Grand guards have special orders in each case, and the follow- ing in all ca«es : to inform the nearest posts and the field officer of the day, or the 'General of Brigade, of the march and movements of the enemy, and of the attacks they receive or fear; to examine every per- son passing near the post, particularly- those coming from without; to arrest suspicious persons, and all soldiers and camp-followers who try to pass out without permission, and to send to the General, unless other- wise directed, all country people who come in. 605. All outguards stand to arms at ni^ht on the approach of pat- rols, rounds, or other parties ; the sentinel over the arms has orders to call tliem out. 606. Advanced posts will not take arms for inspection or ceremony when it would expose them to the view of the enemy. 607. Grand guards are often charged with the care and working of .•♦elegraphic signals. 608. The sentinels and videttes are placed on point* from which they can see farthest, taking caro not to break their connection witli each other or with their posts. They are concealed from the enemy as nuuh lis possible by walls, or trees, or elevated ground. It is gonpr.-dly even of more advantage not to be seen than to see far. They should not be pla 'cd near covers, where the enemy may capture them. 609. A sentinel should always be ready t > tire, videttes carry their pistols or carbines in their hands. A sentinel must be sure of the (♦4 ■ GRAND GUARDS. presence of an enemy before he fires; once satisfied of that, he must lire, though all defence on his part be u?ele?s, as the safety of the post may depend on it. Sentinels fire on all persons deserting to the enemy. GIO. If the post must be Avhere a sentinel on it can not eointnuiiicate with tbe guard, a corporal and three men are detached for it, or the sentinels are doubled, that one may coiiiniunicate with the guard. During the day the communication may be made by .signals, such as raising a cap or handkerchief. At night sentinels are placed on low ground, the better to see objects against the sky. Gil. Tu lessen the duty of rounds, and keep more men on the alert at night, sentinels are relieved every hour. To prevent sentinels frt)m being surprised, it is sometimes well to precede the countersign by sig- ra's, such as striking the muskei with the hand, striking the hands to- gether, &c. 612. On the approach of any one at night, the sentinel orders — " Halt !" If the order is not obeyed after once repeated, he fires. If obeyed, he calls — " Who goes there?" If answered — "Rounds" or " Patrol,'' he says — '^Advance loith the countersign." If more than one advance at the same time, or th« person who advances fails to give the countersign or signal agreed on, the sentinel fires, and falls back on his guard. The sentinel over the arms, as soon as his hail is answered, turns out the guard, and tiie Corporal goes to reconnoitre. When it is desirable to hide the position of the sentinel from the enemy, the hail is replaced by signals ; the sentinel gives the signal, and those approach- ing the counter signal. 013. With raw troops, or when the light troops of the enemy are nu- merous or .active, an 1 when the country is broken or wooded, the night stormy or dark, sentinels should Le doubled. In this case, while one •watche«, the other called a flying sentinel, moves about, examining the paths and hollows. G14. The commandants of grand guards visit the sentinels often ; change their positions when necessary ; make them repeat fheir orders ; teach them under what circumstances and at what signals to retire, and particularly not to fall back directly on their guard if pursued, but to lead the enemy in a circiit. G15. At night, half the men of the grand guard oflf post watch under arms, while the rest lie down, arms by their side. The horses are al- ways bridled ; the horsemen hold the reins, and must not sleep. G16. When a grand guard of cavalry is so placed as not to be liable to a sudden attack fi-om the enemy, the General may permit the horses to be fed during tlie night, unbridled for this purpose a few at a time — the horsemen being vigilant, to prevent them from escaping. GI7. An hour before break of da}', infantry grand guards stand to arms, and cavalry mount. At the advanced posts, some of the infantry are all night under arms, some of the cavalry on horseback. 618. The commander of a grand guard regulates the numbers, the hours, and the march of patrols and rounds, according to the strength of his troop and the necessity for precaution; and, accompanied -by those who arc to command the patrols and rounds during the night, he will reconnoitre all the routes tliey are to follow. 619. Patrols and rounds march slowly, in silence, and with great precaution; halt frequently to listen, and examine the ground. The GRAND RUUN1>S. 6.^ * rounds consist of an officer or non-commissioned oflficer and two or three men. 620. Toward the break of day tlie patrols ought to be more frequent, and sent to greater distances. They examine the holhiw ways, and ground likely to conceal an enemy, but witli great caution, to avoid be- ing cut off, or engaged in an unequal combat; if they meet the enemy, they fire and attempt to stop his march. While the patrols are out the posts are under arms. . 621. C:ivalry patrols shoxild examine the country to a greatendistance than infantry, and repcrt to the infantry guard every thing they ob- serve. The morning patrols and scouts do not return until broad day- light; and when the}' return, the night sentinels are withdrawn, and the posts for the day resumed. 622. When patrols are sent beyond the advanced posts, the posts and sentinels should be warned. 623. On their return, commanders of patrols report in regard to the ground and every thing they have observed of the movements of the enemy, or of his posts, and the commandant of the grand guanl reports to the field officeV of the day. 624. The fires of the grand guards should be hidden by a wall, or ditch or other screen. To deceive the enemy, fires are sometimes made on ground not occupied. Fires are not permitted at small posts liable to snrprrse. 625. The horses of cavalry guards are watered or fed by detachments ; during which the rest are ready to mount. 626. If a body of troops attempt to enter the camp at night, unless their arrival has been announced, or the commander is known to, or is the bearer of a written order to the commander of the grand guards, lie stops tliem, and sends the commander under escort to the field offi- cer of the day, and warns the post near him. 627. Bfvirers of flags 9fe not permitlcd to pass the cuter chain of sentinels; their faces are turned from the post of army; if necessary their eyes are bandaged ; a non-commissioned officer stays with them to prevent indiscretion of the sentinels. 628. The commandant of the grand guard receipts for dispatches, and sends them to the field officer o^ the day or General of Brigade, and dis- misses the bearer ; but if he has discovered what ought to be concealed from the enemy,, he is detained as long as necessary. 629. Deserters are disarmed at the advanced posts, and sent to the commander of the grand guard, who gets from them all the information he can concerning his post. If many come at night they are received cautiously, a Jew at a time. They are sent in the morning to the field officer of t tie day, or to the nearest post or camp, to be conducted to tho General of the brigade. All suspected persons are searched by com- manders fif the posts. 630. When an enemy advances to an attack, unless he is in too great Tun-c, or the grand guard is to ('efeiul an intrenched post or a defile, it lake positions and cxeiMite tho movements to check the enemy, act- i« skirmishers, or fighting in close or open order, as may be best, guard joins its corps when in line, or when a sufficient number of , ii haro reached the ground it dofcnds. 66 INTRENCHED POSTS. -INTRENCHED POSTS. 631. Unless the army he actinp; on the defensive, no post should be intenched, except to cover the weak parts of the line, or at points which the enemy cannot avoid, or in mountain warfare, or to- the close of a defile, or to cover winter quarters. 632. Posts connected with the operations of an army are intrenched only hy order of the General- commanding-in-chief or a General of Di- vision. , ' • 633. Any intrenchment tliat requires artillery is considered as a post, and a guard or garrison and commander are assigned to it. 634. The General who establishes an intrenched post gives to its com- mander detailed instructions in regard to its defence, and the circum- stances under which the defence sliould cease. 636. 11)0 commander reconnoitcrs his post; distribute^ the troops; posts the oliicers and non-commissioned officers; forms a reserve; gives orders for all contingencies he can foresee; supposes an attack, and arranges his troops for defence, so as to prepare them for an attack, day or nigiit. 630. In dark weather he redoubles his vigilance, and changes the liours and direction of the rounds and patrols. He. permits no flags of truce, deserters or strangers to enter. If a flag ought to pass his post, he bandages his eyes; He refuses admittance to a relief or asy other party until he has carefully examined them. In case of an attack, ho does not wait for orders or hold a council. Having defended his post to the last extremity, or till the purpose of the defence, according to his instructions, is answered, he nuiy then spike his guns and rejoin the army under cover of night, or ly cutting his way through the enemy. DETACHMENTS. 637. When a detachment is to Ije formed from the different regiments of a brigade, the Assistant Adjutant-General of the brigade assembles it, and turns it over to the commander, 635. When a detachment is to he formed from different brigades, the Assistant Adjutant-General in each, forms the contingent of the brig- ade, and sends it to the place (jf assembling. 639. Detachments are generally formed by taking battalions, squad- rons, companies, platoons in turn, according to the roster for such de- tail. . ^ 640. When the detachment is to consist of men from every company or troop, the first on the roster for guard are taken. 641. Officers, ncm-commissioned officers, and soldiers, whose tour it is to go on detachment, if employed otherwise at the time, "are relieved from th« duty they are on, if they can reach ihecampiu time to march witli the detacli merit. 642.* When detachments meet, the command is regulated while they serve together as if they formed une detachment. But the senior otil- cer.-^ cannot prevent the commander of any detachment from moving, when he thinks proper, to execute the orders he has received. 643. Ou the return ct a detachment, the commander reports to tho headquarters from which he received his orders. REC0NN0I8ANCES — PARTISANS AND FLANKERS. 67 REC0XN0ISANCE8. 644. Near