H V / I ' /A t J A t I U JEAM E, DANIELS AUSFOHHJM hotel DUKE UNIVE RSIT Y LIBRARY Treasure'Room // . Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Duke University Libraries https://archive.org/details/anthropometamorpOOjbjo 'i The intent of the Frontifpiece unfolded* T Hc high Commiffion from Heaven granted for tfie triall of the Artificial! changling upon the muter of F ad, touching Man’s Transformation, is exhibited by the Letters Pattcnts, or Grea: Charter of N’dlu-e, ingrafted with a Sun bcame, and figned with the Broad-Stats of Heaven, prefented by a Hand, ex rended out of a Cloud. The crowned Sceptre in the other out (Irctcbcd Hand , (hews che Government of the World is by the Laws ef Nature eftablifhed from the Creation, and that the forme of proceedings is according to that un-repealcd Stature. The perpendicular Kay intimates that formidable fentcecc which ( as it is to be feared^) {hall be pronounced at the generall day of Judge- ment againfl all abufers oj their Bodies, who have new cn>de and de- formed cherafelves. I l>now you not, neither are you the rooi ^es of my Hands. The Angcli, by metro, expreflech, That God mademanrigh- team, but he hath found out many inventions > The DevHl is figured re- joycing at the practical l and abufive Metamorphofis of M ?;.',with a ha, ha he ; In the image of God created he them ! but / have ww-mouldcd them to my omt lficne(fe. The Creatures, th c Affe, th s Leopard, the Hound, andth oApe, admiring at the degenerate Apafiafie ot M an, from the original! perfe&ioas ot his true Sh*pe,crycu :,B hold Man is become as one rfi ws\ A Tent being pitched fub Dio, over the Valence, whereof, the title is inferibed Antbeopometamorpbofis. or the Trawl o- tnatm of Man , Nature, w th all the Hiecog'ypbicall Equipage of her , Power, being feated upon the Tribunal!, our Prototypes Adam and Eve Afteffors, I he two Boo^s being laid open, one of the ufe rf parts , the other of the abufeof parts, is read, at which the Ghoflof Gaicn appear*, as raifed up at the report of the prodigious abufe of parts'. Which be- ing urged and profecuted by Natures Solicitor againft the Nations t the Bar, who plead Guilty, aadfubmic themfelver to be try’d by God and Nature , thereupon the Ocular tfitiuffes are brought into Court, snd fworne upon a Boel^ toteftifie and give in evidence of the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. A Jury being Empannelled, the foreman, after confultation, brings in a Bill, Ggned Bika Kmut At as dicer e formas. London, Printed by William Hunt , Anne Dsm. 1653, gg&Brsi ggr? grgg ElffiSES B £iu-3sS BfESSS; HSS , .Y.-v' ■'>’ p) t4? f q j X C !4-!A - ' -. :c c> _ ; 7 ' ■l>- . •!» . ' H-5M-S2. 1 R A through-dtfferipticn ofthe Zfjtionall GdUn; : Brin* indeed an Anacepheloifis of the whole Bo\ , intimated by the Frontifpicee. S Tay, Changling Proteus ! let me count the rapes Made on thy Forme, in thy abufive ihapes: I haveobierv’d thy Nature- fcoffing art Wherewith th aft Schematiz'd in every part. Out of wile Nature’s plaftiquc hand thy Head Came like a ball of wax oblongly fpread .• Now’tslike, in its acuminated line, A Sugar-loafs or Apple of the Pine\ Nowc's /*»£,now Jhortpow flatftovj fy uarefnovi round, Indented no wjike to a Foifting -hound; Twasfoft,now hard ; it is a blockhead made. What’s this appeares / the A^f^and Head are loft, Within the Breafi by force of Art emboft. An entire grove of haire the skull did fhade ; Now the North ftde's alone depriv’d of haire, And now th e South Jide appeares only bare; Now the Eafl parts the Front of Time prelent, -Whii’ft the blind Nodeck ^ wants it’s ornament ; Why now the Fore part’s bald, party- per-pale s Thus one halfe ftill thy Art hath made to faile. Afcending from thy Eyes two arched Bowes, Thy Front to w’rds the Coronall future rofe; That Plains fublime extent which fhould be bare. By Art’s now /Wf»f^,and oregrown with haire. High Foreheads here, above their confines mount, Which fome doe a tranfeendent beauty count. Here frantique men,cornute tbemlelves,and lccrn? The front that weares not an ingrafted home. Drawn out by Nature’s pencil, o're tby Eyes Two hairy Crcfcents once did Arch-like rife j Which Geometry is now abolifta'd quit* By thy eradicating arts defpight. Nature Na tare lams didance between thdc allow’d. But here the FaHiion’* Beet le-B, ow'd. The Eye-lids meane to veil the Orb of fight, Turn'd backward to thy Front, do no w afright: Their Palifado which did Sight diredl, Now rooted «w>prel'ent a torveafpcdt What mean thefe painted Circles 'bout each Eye, TMongft other tnarkesoffearfull braverie ? Nature between thy Eyes thy Nf- did place, That goodly Promontory of the Face.* Here cut and pair'd betwixt thy Eyes.no Nofe is left at all their raicsto interpofe. Thy Kofi.nl there ■ sst wing’d are found To reprelem a mod difhoaeft wound. Alas poor NofeielTe Ape ! why now't ftsould feem. A Cam?) ft S addle- nole is in efteem. Here c roffe to tliat F*ce-levellr*g defigne, Thy high rais'd Nofeappeareth Aqudine. Thy Art-augmented Note here’s thic^dfironr, There/^w and//tt/(P,and here ov:r • hag. Thy Noftrils now bor'd throughjing'd on each fide, Aftord an inlet unto crueil p ride. What Gallantry is this, wherein th’jppears So Hell-hound like with long out-flre) ched Eares ? Whofebored Tips torn wide with the fond weight Of glittering Stones, thy (boulders ovei-fraight/ This extant part, whofeftardingoffbehov’rC As gluM unto thy Head,is lefts improv'd. What hosrid afFedatioc have we here / Thy Cheeks on each fide bored through appeare; Thorough whole holes (-the fiav’ring (poles ver t) I he 1 eeth and Gums them (elves to view prelent* Natures ft rid Orifice who here deride, i>eek beauty .na mouth neore heavenly wide. Lip-gallantry lucceeds • ThicfibLbber Lips Here , hanging ia their light, the fight Eclipfe. . There ’tis the neather lips efpeciall grace, To fall down to the lo weft barball place, Bord fall of holes, moft richly charg’d, to fway * . x X It down wards, at, J the Dentall roots difplayi Here (licking out, (harp naile-like pegs^ofwcod, In the upper lip’s a bravery underftood.^ '■ What faftiion by corrupted fantfie fprung Through a new bole prdents the playing tongue ? The neather Lip's bor d through to yield a vent To them, who are not with one mouth content. At each end ofths mouth a bored hole. There the rich Gems impofed weight condole. Whether by Art's rude force, or Natures skip I know not ; Here we have no upper Lip. What fcoffers have we here?men (ore afear’d Of Manhoods enfigne.who abhorr a beard. Here the luxuriant Chin quite dowue is ntowne, Theranke Muftacno's into Whiskers grown. The upper Lip of Hair’s now's difpojfefi , Which nourilh’t here, the honour’d Chin invejh Now rooted out by thy malicious care, All the cioath’d parts about thy mouth are bare. What’s the next fruit oi the phantaftique itch? Thy Teeth muft now be red, and black as pilch. And this forlbath,we coant a manly fight, 'Caufe childrens, womens, and dogs Teeth ar® white. Here thy T eeth are as (harp as Needles fil'd. There, in a fooiifn bravery exil'd ; The Fore-Teeth both above and eke below, ? Have left two empty Sockets in each row ; Them whole G’»wjthefedareown,they ugly think. With fuch refufing for to eate or drink. Here,ior an Elegant conceit, they draw Five or fix Teeth out of the upper jaw. There, a rich Month wthgilded Teeth behold l Here( Teeth (o eover'd with thin plates of gold, And fitted to the teeth, they feem to be Set in the plates, by Arts felicity. There, fileddewne ,or dfe txtirped quite, Th’ impoverifht Mouth hath left its proper might , And the Sale pieces naturall repute: With others they the empty Gums recruite A 4 Of Steel or Iren framed, which in ftead Of the true teeth the vacant rooms fucceed. See bereft which fome to a bold Art impute.) A double Tongue quite cloven from the root l Room for Face, moulders, who iSeGt the grace Of a fqnare,plain,broad, a Jmooth platter Face l The concave Face by art here inward preft, Makes a dogs countenance in great requeft. Here by a Pcrange and ovallizing Gin, Thecompreft Cheeks are drawnout long and thin, 1 hefe wth a torn and blood) face appeare. Which is accounted the prime beauty here. There Art with her bold Uigmatizing hand, Dotth [breaks and markes upon their vifage brand. The Fai nter-ft miners here affume a place, From whence defeended our Face taking race ; Their Faces Red and(Vhite,Blacke,Tellow,Blev^, Ditlain’Jjall forts of an impofed hue. And here our Gallants al’amode are met, With vii age full offoule black patches let. High huffing. Shoulders here the gallants weare. Which 'bove their Heads they in this place do be?<\ Here through pride, or the fond Nuri'es fault, One ’ hove the other doth it felfe exalt % Here their bold fancies fo their folly greet, The fhoulder-points are drawn by force to meet. Pap fafhions here, the work of Nature wrong, Dugs with a loathfome lovelineiTc/0 long And ft retched out) the (Ireined bags agree To reach the Waft, nay fag down to the Knee. Through their pierc’d Paps, the cruell gallants bet s A Cane of two fpans long doe proudly weare. No Maid here’s hand fome thought unltffe fhee can With her fhort palmes her (Freight lac’d body fpan. Thus we molt foolifhly our life invade. For to advance the B ody makers trade. Pamted with lifts, here&abed arms behold, Branded and pounc'd, with colours manifold, Rich tin&ur’d Red, BUckfftav/njfCelloveJPb ite , All All badges of the gallants gay delight. Here Hands are colour’d://^* long N tiles define Idle Gentilitie’s aflured figne. .fifenf, crofting Nature,^* and jagged round* The Naiies are with injurious angles crown’d. Yard-bals or Eels hung ’twixtthe flefh and skin. Here to the Paphian Rites do ring all in. Their e the Prepuce is button d up : Here now A huge enot mous Ring fecures a vow. There , Ctrcumcifitn Ihames th’ uncovered Nut, Which here with cords bound up, is over-fiiut. There the forc’d Genitals tru(l up, are hid Within the Body.i^r* Caftrations bid Eunuchs in their degraded manhood thrives Here women Eunuches at that Mart arrive. There( by erronious wit a trick devis’d^ Women are, as an ornament, excis’d. Here by a fond devife,the Virgins Thigbes And Calfes,unto a fwellmggreatnejfe rife . There they ufe art to make the Calfe afeend , And here the faihion makes it downward tend, Naked, no Breeches (here}\ hey feem to lack, Their colour’d thighs Trouf-likc being dy’d black. About their Legs ftrang t lifts they there doe make. Pricking the fame with needles, then they take Indeliable tin&ure ; which rub’d in. The Gallants doe account the braveft gin. The greateft ornament which here we meet. Is, for the women to have little Feet t Which from their infancy are kept fo {mall. They goe but badly, and balfe feem to fall. Here colour’d Red the Gallants feet appear. Which on their Feet’s true naiies fome onely fmear* Thus Capa pet a is that Gallant great , Horrid, Transformed felfe-made /J/d»,Complcat. Admitted for to fee each ranged file. Can indignation give yon leave to imile l To his honoured Friend, Thomas Diconforij Efquire. Friend jjHe Heroique Dileale ofWri- j ting hath( as you well know) JlSlong fince feized on me, this ^ e ^ n g the Fifth Publique Pa- roxifme I have had thereof. It hath been ever ihe humour of my ( }enm to put me upon untrodden Pathes, and to make up aggre- gate Bodies of very fcarce and wide difper- led Notions ; which had been more eahe for the Faculty of my weak Body, had I had a Signality of Spirit to fummon De- mocriticall Atomes to conglobate into an intelle&uall Forme; or, that Mercury had been fo propitious a Lord of the Alcei*- dent in my Nativity, as he was in Amphi- ms y and bellowed fome Orpbarion upon me, with whole found I might have attra- cted* The Spiflle Dedicatory . £led Notions, and made them come dan- cing to the Conftru<5tion of a Book What I here prefentyou with, is an Enditement fra- med againft moft ofthe Nations under the Sun 3 whereby they are arraigned at the Tribunall of Nature, as guilty of High- treafon,in Abafing, Counterfeiting, Defa- cing, and Clipping her Coine, mftampc with her Image and Superfcription on the Body of Man.The waiter of FaSt is proved by fufficient Witnejfes of credibl cHiftoriam, that it will not bean eafie thing for them to trayerfe the Inditment . The Profecution of fuch an Action, wherein the honour and reputation of the great Architect, man’s Protoplafles > is fo much concern'd., had been ( I humbly confefs ) more fit for one who had deferved to be Jitturney Ge- nerali to Nature, then for me, the meaneft Solicitor in her Court. When you have well viewed the Scenes and Deviilifh fhapes of this ' PraElicallMetamorphofis^ and fcan’d them in your lerious thoughts, you will wonder at their audacious phant'fies, who leemc to hold Specificail deformities , or that any part can feeme unhandfome in * z their The Epiftle dedicatory* their Eyesjwhich hath appeared good and beautifull unto their Maker - And I doubt not but you will foone dilcerne the pro- penfe malice of Satan in it 3 tempting man- kind to a corporal! Apoftacy from himfelf: as if in an Apifh defpight of the glory of mans Creation, that divine confultation> F acimus homwent) Let m make man accor- ding to our Image ^ He would have his Defaciamus hominerrh Let us deface man ac- cording to our likenefTe ; infomuch as that of the Pfalmiff am fearfully and 'Wonderful- ly made ^ might be ironically applyed to man in this his abufive Transformation. Belides wh2t \nthelnditement I have charged upon the fcore of mans pragmaticall invention, ( which is the maine Defigne ) upon ftridfc Difquifitionafterthecaufes and original of chefe Monftrofitiesjwhich I had rather call Native then Naturall ; I lay them to the charge of man, difcharging Nature from having any hand, or the leaft intention ther- in. And concerningNauonalMonftrofities , I account it a high flander raifed again# the Honefty of Nature, that (he fhould be delighted to dilport her felfe with lueh An- The €pifl!e Dedicatory • tick varieties of formes as appeare in the world, or Oiould lometimes lee her felfe to mock any Perfon, much lelTe whole Nati- ons, out of their right fhape and feature^fo that you will clearely lee here, as in the mirrour of Aiitophilus , the true caufes and effe&s of all the Artificiall Retortions, Na- tive Alienations, and AbliirdTransfigurati- onsofthe Humane forme. Why [dedicate this to you, is not folemnly to engage you to a Polemicall Defence of itj but only, if need be, to witnelfe my good intention andzealeto Nature (whether it be accor- ding to knowledge, let others judge) and that this may remaineasa Pledge of our contra&ed Friendlhip and Amity^and that Pofterity and Future Ages may know in the Religion thereof, the ajfeBion of your mofl Devoted Friend , ■r John Bulwer. i-ttff t f t ff To the learned Author on his Book, \7 \ J Hilc frantickj»e,fteere our Phantafitke wit V V Towhat us Foyraign only, not what’s Fir, And our Exoticke Wardrobe only priz*e Not for the Garments fake, but the Difguifc, Shifting fill rounds ill we ear fives rejhre To we are what Misbecame ten ye ares before; Tour Prudence all that white forbore our cure. And though you Dtfallow'dyou could Endure: Becaufe it oft grow es leffe injurious far. To fide with fmallf.iuliSjbenbe Singular; Unttll this leprous Jolly prafhfe had On Natures felfeyo Mend it into Bad * And would unharne Creations ant tent rode , Andchange her genuine Births, to Bi’th ’th’ Mode * While the hagge ■ :ihil hen Natara finijhe Ejfiundit) Monfirum fiat fibt qutfiqssefiuum. Ad Which alfo was called Cham, Ad eunderrv ^ T tAttire I challenge thee to take a part, And ft and a Second to this piece of Art t Which as no Fuats, on thy Reverend Face Bu Iv/er hath latdjbut gives Thee thy due grace t Thou here art cleer’d of pent Deformities , Free in intent .and wbtnfuch AEls ar/fe, They’re Rapes ytot Births, and the enfo ced Mother Could wifh finch brats, that the fham’d Womb would She e in a perfect Rule and cor. Hunt Ccufe (j mother ; Works her effects alike .unlejfe the fonrce .Of her known fireame be let : Then ’ns rot Shte, But th Intervener makes monfirofitj: Lookyohere we wtlf as if not of parts Four T he World confifted) Africa’s all o’re. O r if Europa doe retains her name, ’Tit in Europa’s beaflly lufl and (ha me. We are not made but We tame Monfl ers fT his /( a fponianeous Metamorphofis ; TheWorldts TopfieTurvy turn'd, Chim-Ckzm Ere f nee Difguifed Noalyand Curf* Ham .• Without [nchaitmcnts,or Romances/po^ Each man's a Qu'xo t andoth' errant brood. We firfl transforme our(ancies,xhen cur Bodies , And a e mofl fiber and emfl vigilant Noddies > All pa: nes we take to fpotle by pride , or Mirth } (The Gaudeant Bene Nati of our Birth) Which if Dame Nature perfects, Dame Midnight O're feensn fackjmd (ugar confounds quite. Lacina’s Baggage ( Nufis and old Wives,) Make H ends and Nofes,and the fbape Contrives Of many [quint- ey’d, crook- back, eophead child , which by Dame Nature was exactly fil’d. What Eagles BeakeS have fome,and Nofe fo Rcma*i t It proves temptation to Divining Woman ? Others Others are Ape-nos* d, which ( old Pug)the Nurfe a Intending an amendment, did make worfe ; From fuch abufe dilated eyes, and cares t Almofl to every head you meet, appeares. Fares offo huge a compaffe and broad eyes , As men were fwi'ne and turn’d te Otvlebies. Sometimes with lacings, and with fw ait hs too fir ait. For want offpaceyve have a Dandi-prat. Sr J efferies babie, dilling Petite, A Peccadillo e/Barnabies night. Things fo pucill and [mallyhe fiatttte wife Exempts from Coupling being underfire. To fame. fuch fiore of fluff their flowing fires Give, as they had difeharg'd Sol 'sgen'retts Fires, So fcutt’ring,and dtffuftve the brave heat, The fpreading mother feems not to be great With Child but M&n,andthe firfi hour e gives jop Not to an Inf ant, but a bully- boy. I have not Time,nor dare I injure fo t In a preventing Catalogue to [how What ourfoule vices of Intemperance, Befides the fea-skip vanities of France., ( As well as the difeafes) have undone , In Natures Dimocke read what He hathwomii Whom as the Wonder of our age we (hew. With the jufi Trumpet of his praifes due. E.G.Ac,Qxoa.A,M, *** I In: — ■ - 1 , -J 4 C PP4 4 $ c P c P v 4 $ * 'l c P &tt&&&S333&$&&$S»3£tXS SStfS $332 $332 ^332 ta ■ . . ^ Inauditaj de infanda Gentium De- formicate, apud fui Vindicem ill Statorem 9 Naturae Querela. Hecatonfticha, "f N novafert animus mutatasplaxgere formas J. Corpora: Dti vortantyxamves formajlts & i Has, „ Afpicto d’ris variatum vultibus Orbem. Caper it Ht vultus menftrofas fumere formas. Tranfire in furias, docile eft Genus omne prefa/.um. Qua Regio in terns noftri non plena dolorisi Speffat .quo} om- es fpatiofi Maehina wind', Optima.Naturam,quamvis Dux fpernerc gaudent. Full us difcruciant hominum permille fi^uras. Sefe transformant flnltt in tntracu'af&da- Larvas anteferuxt mam Anas vultibus almu* fldentiri varios difeunt nune Ora colores. Artibus infaudis % <\rtus fpolidre decor os. Jlrs mimica mihi ? qua debmt ejfe fidtlis. TCobtlefadatur Fulchernma Machma corpus. Corpus mane animAgurpis fine pettsre truncus , jlfpelhif&da eft facies funt turpia membra. Vultus ttrnbihs .yapidarum more fer arum. Igncti nova forma v:rt,miferandaque cultu. Tarpior eft illoflttem pugno fudit Achilles. Therfkes verus,quiformofjftmus audit. Jldiras y morbiftr a,' vfres ,advert it e forma. Singula gens proprias gaudent ajfumere formas. Smgula gem proprios plorunt afetfeere morbos. Qtteis ft: us, at op ue figuraferox fua nomina donant. Jr at a Nemefts drgm funt folvere pan as • Horrida, ternb.les } mifeexi fpeUdcla ISfoverca, His favet,atque fovet JVutnx,Materqie Paterque, Crtsdelis Mater magis^an Pater tmprrbus illel Jmprebtts tile Patsrcrudelis tu queens Mater. Diva 'Diva potens uteri pulcbras miferefeepuellas, Panas atque luant fadatyqui talia predunt } CriminayNaturam contraycontraqtte decorum, jit Vos auxtlium membris qtti quaritis agris. Deforme hoc vitium veflrum qsus fuftinst ultra ? Efi Pbabo tnd’gnuSyClanis verfatur in bortis. Reft ins has miferas f«nt non quipergere fuadetj Utfaltcm in nofir a renovetis corpora terra . Difcitt j m formas moniti inflattrare prioret. Cater a rerun Opifex animalta finxitM ilia uiitiejuas retinent, venerate numine formas Corpora vos fug!tis,rfr dulcia linqnitis ora. Quis fir or ,0 Gentes ! qua tanta infanta pungit V ulttbits invifs vefirummutare nitoiem l Mens fur its agitatafuit crudelts.& illtr.c 'Turps efi art is opus.pulcbri d? floruit oris Gratia,tam mtidafafitgia fplendidafrontis. Barbaria } terribilis,rabiofa,immunda, prof ana, InfaHjlajmmaniSy ridenda fuperbia fperrit Omnia, quo corpus mutaret,&ora manvfque-, Dofne mibifruftus an bunc pietatis honorcm Cnrarumque refers ,quod adunca vulnera forms Tam monflrofaferoytotoque exterreor or be ? Dei miht qualis erat quantum mutatus ab illo Corpore prafianti?Qu -t c | r $*$ $4-$ V ' 4 5 $4*'$*$ <£ t+, A Letter dire&ed to the Author from a worthy Friend of his, fully dilcovering the ground of all CMam Prevarications. Honoured Sir, Hen firftl caft up this account of youringe~ nious peregrination through the World, and found your curious diligencejooking, not only untoCivill focieties, but prying alio unto the ruder crouds and filveftrous beards of mankinde, peeping into every latibulum and folitary bufh to devellope the et» fedls and incongruous refultsof the phancaCt icall projetfts of ('the now little better then the perfe&cr tort of ape called Man) It became my juft wonder, to find the Ma- giftery of the Creation in the crucible of His own folly jfo calcined into a trifle ; He without whom ail other pro- jections had been a vanity, flneethe univerfe and every particular ingredient thereof necetTarily relate to Him as a Circle to the Center, He who held the prime rancke in that ineffable order in the bolome of Eternity, being the reafon upon the infcrutable decree of all other Entities whatfoever,that He fhould break the laws of his nature & the Symetry of his exaCt and moftindifputable proportion} and fo infolently violate the Exchequer ftandard of Hea- ven without a blufh, itwaslfay my wonder : And with the Arch-peripateticke .• my to dav^av proved my Mercury to my to M*0efV, I tasked na> thoughts with the refearchof thecaule, why the ^4// of Entities who weare tbeliverie of dependency, from the All- lightening and All-living luminary the bunne, to the naoft deipicaole aed eqmvosall equivocall infeB, doe rnoft obfequioufiy performe their primary injundions, as the true Enamoradoes of their conformitie to their modelling Idea or prototype. And yet man, the Analed o f all their perfections, with the advantage of his owne fpecifique nature, which enti- tleth him to an exiftency beyond his Afhes, fhould fo tran- fpeciate himlelfe, as that neither his loule nor body ( both being fo degloried ) by his own mod accurfed defigne fince they came under his own tuition, feem in the lead meafure to aniwer the perfedion of that pattern, by which they were efformed 3 having done as much as in him lies, to fru- ftrate the whole creation, by delacing the end, and cancel- ling the reafon of that firft miracle : Thofe glorious Raies the Conduit pipes ofinfluences ftreaming from the celefti. all Elixers of light and procreative«powers, to what other end are theyfthen by a fubtile and decreed Energy, to adu- ate the neutrality of matter unto ktc or b&c : even to the Earths Centerf the Boundary of dependent operations)and to enfoule the paflionlelTe Plants, endowing them with qualitcs, either profitable or deiigbtfull ; and all this for the behoof of Man-, Who, if 1 fhould Ipeak his native praifcs to make his dereliction the lefle excufable, I muft confefle that when by rctrofpe&ion, I find himllarting out of the clay-pit from betwixt the hands of his maker, he was then enriched with a ioule as powerfull in knowledge, as was the Seraphtque nature of Angels-, differenced only modo & temfore agenda they intuitively knowing and in an inftant, He by deliberation &timous refult,as being retarded by his Brickwork, from which,the dignity of their order doth ne- celfarily inferr the Conge of Exemption, by the ad of web illultrious effentialitie he demonlfratively knew the cele- ftiall Orbs in the perfection of their matter, abftrad from the reafon of their then individual! exigencies; And was very well acquainted with the fpring of their firll mover upon which the ingenny of the whole frame did fo abfo- lutely depend, that fhould the irrefutable prerogative of Heaven but command it to fUy for one moment, the whole world would fall into a common farall ftupidi- ty,as that of Lots wife before Zear The order of the lumi- naries (not excepting their magnitudes^ and the reafon of of each ones fife in that order^bdrconftellationSjCon/un? dior}s,afpe&s,and their difafters & Eclyptick re-encoun- ters, their refpedive powers, in all pofitions and Angles whatfoever, were the very recreations of his evincing Genius, the tneteorologicall condensations, & vilcous con- cretions in the aire, from the firft motion of their efficient, to their defigned purpoies, were his crepundia’s, nor was there any vegetable upon the diaper’d earth, whole generail and refpedive or ipecifique nacure,he did not moll; exadiy know, with a happy and facile ability of telling why each feverall plant hath his root bearded with filme & fibres di- ver fly fnaped & diftindly anfwrering its bounded property, why the ftem,bark, leaves, and fruit are of iuch varicns and differing pathetique qualities, yea and from whatre-afoncf nature they borrow their variety of colours, and why for the moftpart green, and yet taking the whole World for an Herbary, there wili be found no two plants of different fpecies which exadly concenter in the iairc verdure, though in the ad of fermentation, dilatation, get- mination, pullulation, ingemmination, fructification and inlemination (the whole circle of natures dance, accor- ding to the key of the firft measure) they doe all operate alike, without the allowance of one Iota cf variancejHere were the Alleys and umbraclesof his ordinary recefles, fo that there was nothing in the Heavens or Celeftiall con- camerations, in this diafiema.ot Expanfe, or in, or upon the terraqueous Globe, but it was by him comprehen- ded without the lead hefitation.- Thus the Creation and its order methodized him into the petfed and exad knowledge of his Creator, infomuch that his loule became raviffied with that all-knitting and Seraphique viitue of Charttie, by which his love ( which ever holds propor- tion) to his Maker, feemed to unite them as it were per ejfent talent eontratlam, nor was his labour loft, Similiter sum amicittd benevoientia fait q’ a dam inter redamantes, pateat autem &Deum amavtjfc homtr.em eui taut a bona non propter aim d fed propter femetipfum dedit , & homtnemre- . damufse Detwt per charitatem-jft, hominem faiffe amicttm J)eo,&qHontam contra quemDens nihil querela Labet dici- tur jftjhti feit innocent , contra veto ami cum amicus non * * * ha- habtt querclatn^Ateat fa/ictttcr hemmem h.:vti’jje Jtitum innocently & jufiitu i herein this edate the reciprocal! complacency produced a happinefle preventing Heaven, yet (thefe ample endowments notwith landing) to ac- quaint him with his dependcncy.be was not fixt in this Ra- tion with the unchangeable chaynes of impoflibilityof be- ing removed, but left in a fiatick^aqutl brio, with power to delanceate which way he pleafcd, the ha 1 it and crafis of his.body adminidring no violent advance to themutinie and rebellion of his paflions, they onely exacting wbat it had been impiety to deny by the preferibed law of na- ture, due!y perform ; ng their impofed homage to the Scep- ter of his Reafon ; nor was this rich jewell of the fcule enamelled with illuilrous graces, and fet with mc-ft re- fulgent virtues, lodged in a luckleffe.mifhapen or uncouth cabinet, but placed in a body reciprocally anfwerable to its merit, where the exabf lymetry of every part en oyed lo ample an aptitude to what it was defigned, that the remit became an ocular harmony of chat rare compofure, that it hath ever fince hinted unro us the mod demondrative and levered Rules in the Mathematiques; fo that judly I may fay he was the Lord ofthe World, which had not hid the honour of being a iervant without him, Here now Sr, with the violence of ambition, the offspring ofthat obligation, by which I am bound to my owne na- ture,! am paflionatdy dedrous to fecure him; But hett Res tpfa toque, nr. his fate depending upon the frecdome of his o wn will, «i0« ocult , he dilproportioned his affe&ions by the banefullbreufing upon one vegetable, plantedbythc right hand of providence, (rather for the exercife of bis ccnlfancy, then the monument of his folly,) and not with- out the highed faailedgeto be faded for food, the guilt whereof, by prefcientdecree, lodained the face of nature and denticulated the feminall vertue of the Creation, tbit now each thorne and bryer upbraid him for his rafh at- tempt, his groanes.teares, and exfudatiens, what are they? but the cfif.ds of thole bio wes which he received ftom the brandifaing Iword of divine revenge, Which forced him out of the blisfull Allies ofthe Garden, to hide himfelfe amongd the thickets, fo pittifullydepauperated,that he was glad to accept of a mantle from tbe charitable affords of s figtree: Oh unhappy Metamorphefis, That loul which even now, was the enter changing reflexion of her own luff re, embellifhed with the graces and vertuescardinall, which run a divifion upon the key es ©(Nature, Without the lead detnuficall miftake, Felicitated in the high contemplation of her Maker, beyond the bounds of excefle ; is now dero- bed of all her beauty, delpoiled of all happinefle : And in this deplorable condition, ferving for very little other pur- pofe,then as fait to keep the body from (linking, or which is yet lefTe, to fecure the World from the fright full and re- proachful appellation of a Charnell houfe, being fo much deprav’d by the perpetuall inlultments of the paflionsf w ch are ever fince like ^ee»rdoggs (and all for curiofity) let loofe upon their Miftreffe,not acknowledging a foversignty in that Reafon, which was fo far wanting to its felfe,as to commiflionate them to the outrage and garboil of an open rebellion, whence forward (he laDguifheth under theara- %U,a?£(pia. Diforder, obfeurity and confufion in the under- ttanding > to which the will being contequent, mud needs prove a participle of that hapleffe deficiency; Nil volitnm quod non fit pracogmtam, the knowledge as well of the Creature as of the Creator, hath bid its ttlumum vale to this ingratefull companion, infomuch as that blifsfull and com- placent ebaritie towards God, the harmelelle and unerring eledion and ufe of the creature for his good, are both irre- coverably loft, by that habituated corruption in the ftream of propagation: H<$e diftortio quia najcttttr ex attu cenver - tionii ad creaturam neeejfe eft tpftam & ejfe incknationem ft- mtltrn & ter conftequens dt[po[itionem qteandam habttua* lem ad abluot peccatt j habeant itaque omnes homines d pri- mo per generattonem propagati tpfta naftcitura vel natter k peccatatn habi u ale & priv at ione m chant at is : This was Sptmetljeus ( the y onger brothers) fatall apertion of Pan- doras box, which divine Prometheus ( right reafon in ad) would not attempt to do tftotnc novafebrium cohors^W the maladies both of body and mind, hence the Spinofta & vex at a quefttonesoi the Schools, hence our rude uncertain and infignificant guefles at efknces by operations.orwhich is more dull, by cortitious and obvious accideuts,/^«?^«^ * * * 2 ViU vat vitrttt fnhe verb hattdatttngendoi Thus having loft the magiftry of his reafon,and the Heady power of Election, in things neceffary and convenient, like an unskilfull Ma- riner at Sea difanchorated s becatcheth at his own fuccour- leffe apprehenfions,not knowing, before attempt, their con. gruency or mifchiefe, untill he meets with admonishing experience, the indifferent moderarrix of his Actions and thofe of brutes, infomuch as make them an allow- ance, or let them dilcount for their deficiency in the quantity and fue of their fcraines, and the qatftion will not be empty, where lies the difference .? truly (Saving his relation to the refurreftion) I think upon more then probable grounds, it will not be in the Aft, but in the degree of Reafon, from which advantage he claims now his power of fpeechjand by that the felicity in all the con- veniences of communicating his fancy, which if either he wanted or they had his bold oftentation would prove a va- nities they would be his companions at bed and beard; Turne men out of that order wherein the advile of advan- ced Natures have prudently placed them, and are they not prefently a heard of Animals i more damnably outragious and more beaftly irrational! then the lions of A fnca , nay then the Beares in Raffia , making their appetite the Rule -by which they (laughter others tor diffenting, which I in- fta'nce as a thing, wherein be is mot! cencern’d,and if defi- cient in that, what can be txpefted in matters of lefie mo- ment : Is he not perpetually precipitated by his paiTions into all the dangers and difgraces, that attend either fury, folly, or madneffe ? doth not theblandifhments of his ap- petite fwhichfir.ee his fir ft lauciiiefle, devetuopomo, he neither finds wit nor will to withstand) hurry to that in- temperance for which he finds no prefidents amongft the Beads ? doth he not dig his grave with his teeth, being his ©wn Vefpillojfothat when be is at lealure from putting in Execution that dire full & accurfed Art ok Nimrod, wherin mutual (laughters have the luck to be efteemed a preierva- tien,and bellifh executions, the procefle of juft and Right? doth he not out of the excefTe and immoderate indulgency towards bimfelfe.imitate the Ape,who lometimes kils his young by hugging them in kindneflePDoth not his Viands as as oft prove bis deftrudion as hoflile violence, the hotch- pot or mixture thereof, hath brought the of his c©n- ftant Life, to that point which was the infancy of his fore- fathers, when the limplicity of their food, fecuredthem 'from gluttony, and the bainftill effeds of a morbifick re-' pletion, the naturall brats of fawce andvaiiety, fo fat ail is his dome, that neither war nor peace can promife him fafe- ty, for in his queft of life he equally finds his death in ei- ther? And happy was bee, if the dilcounting of bisdaies were the full account of his infelicity* but I muft afiert the contrary for a truth, lithence, like the txoculated mendi- _ cant in the heids ; he is neceflitated to follow the eys of his Animall, and like abeaft to live under the tyranny of cu- ftome, which Seneca pofitivcly concludes, where he faies, E n Non ratioxe cornpon.mur (edconfuetudins : And that moft 1 3 cbierv&ntRbbWhftambamftdem plane acctdcre folet homim in /intent m & opinio otbas quibus mnutritus eft, CT pro eimore tttarum ab tilts dtmoven nequeat qua, coptfieft ut ho_ mo fapi nonp'.fjlt apprehencleri vertutem qxia fcilicit tUa , feqttitur qathns aj/nefatltts eft ; fo that now having lolt the true ufe of his realon, right and wrong, juft and unjuft, deems meeriy notions not otherwise examinable then by what our forefathers were opinionated.And as Archtlaus longfincc concluded*^ S'ika iov ^ to a^jov « r»T ^cu^akko. nd) voy.a, which infelicity doth necelfarily throw him into a perplexed fhuffle,of a croud and quarrell, not to be dee- ded untill force or ftratagem give toe law, nor is this curie upon his morals only, but he feems too too often fifthe whole earth be viewed by an inrelk&ua 1 eye)to take up his Religion too in manner not different ,]ttrando m ver- bamajorum } as . if Eptcttrus had hit atrutb, in his Stygian eruftation « ti xaO’ \a-jto J'uAiotrwn but this is too-tender to be fearched into, unlefte with a probe, armed with a con - ftant and refotved faith, ror need this argument to be pur- fued by any thing more for its confirmation, then by what you have foundry your rare and uncomparable refearches , by which you havedrawn the curtaine of the right, and by the cleare azure of your induftry, fhewn him upon the Theatre of th,e World, in all his masking mummeiies, vas nous Hiapes, and rediCftlous retort ions, which are nothing ***3 die elfe but the 'hazards and illegetimate births of a primary fha»ta/tiquemempt 9 mi:(ed up by the pra&ick bawde of 4- dttlteratedcufiome , which fince heceafedto makeufeof hisreafon, and the quondam indulgency to his fit ft pro- portion, he is more in love with then that iymetry in which he was created, and which you by your noble pen have juftified,infomuch as now he leems rather a thing of his own making, then fprungfrom thclovns of the Proto- plaft, or at the beft but as -Argo's his Ship in Athens, patch’d up with io many hand raj'o’s of his wild and friz- king fancy, that fcarce any part of him relates to the firft duff, from whence he was principiated. And J muft needs fay he had very ill luck, to become thcfubjeft of his own workmanfhip, after he knew he was condemned to be a bungler, much better therefore had it been for him to have played the Dadaltss withfome more fafe ma- terial!, or to have fit ftill in the circle of his folly, fhaping a petticoate for the moon, rather then to have a&cd to the hazard of his own nature. But this Counfell(like him who came to the relief of Troy, two dayes after it was lacked ) comes too late } (0 far is he ingulphed in the flutftoation of his bedlamlike phrenlye 5 and blowne by the temped of his menacing fury, that having loft his reafon,tbe fteady ballaft of all noble and laudable A&ions,be is now fhoared upon the Continent of Change and confufion, where the inconftancy ©this adions, and the various (hapes he en- tertained, by the new modelling of' his peri'on, juftly brought upon him the judgment of derelidion,being4/>fr- to camfo abandoned by all the other Animals, (whofe con- formity to their end, if he had ftaied and made it prefi- dent, he might have evaded more happily.,) And thus ex- cluded for a monfter,& gazed at as a Gorgon, by the ether hoards, fuch is his arrogancy,not the j’uftice of his right, that reading with the wrong end of the booke upward, he conftrues that to be the dignityof his nature, where it is the prepofteriotilneOe of his fhape ana appearances, which afrig'hts them from him, and occafionaily give him his fhatne, for living leffe quietly and in more banefull confu- fion then they, which are the very effeds of his reftlcffe phanly , and accurfed milapprehenlion, befooling his hopes, hope 3, miking the world his Scene, whereon he sds his Comick Tragedy, playing fir ft the fool and thenthemad- man, ra; her then a Senate houfe or place of Consultation for the management ofhisadions, to his proper bebeaft. Butthefe Crtttc fmes upon the variablenefle and uncon- ftancyof hismind, Sr, are petfc&ly llluftrattd by your hypercritikes upon his peribn throughout your whole fcooke, where you have catchtd him by the head, and therefore may make your own opportunities of holding him until! you have fhewn him in all his monftrous and mifhapen varieties ;yet when I fee him as you have drtfted him, lean rather laugh then admire & wonder at his appes- rances, (ince my telle, if I were his Tutor, could propofe to him more waies of moulding, then ever be yet thought on.&can fay that it is ieffe dou: tfuli, hat feme people have crofted the Poets, Oshom-.niftibLme dedn,&c.l hen that the major part of mankinde(if the proportion ct L is mdenefTe hold on for teco years Jwill fall upon all foure, but this is my fear not my defiredeaft his uncurable mao’nefte,hellifh, diffentions,and lucklefte quarrels, fhould Ipoil more grafte with his fore feet,then he would eat, and bring deftrbying famine upon the reft of the Animals, to whom charitably I willY as according to their merits they deierve ytheir hour- ly Mcnefter , and hope providence will proted them a- gainft luch a curfe, who hath deftgned you to Anatomize mans folly, diiplay his madndTe,and make obvious his con- tempt unto himfelfe, by means whereof he may in time apply the cure of more ferious thoughts to the formidable txcrdcencies of his o’re gtown. monftrous and unlik’t ftrape, and by lecond intention lmeoth and reduce to the honeft Idea, which your retriving and judicious Genius hathpropofed, wherein drawing the bridle after you, you have left all others behind you, who have formerly made it their attempt, rather fhewing the world what they would have done, then that they made any advance to that purpofe,tberefore I award you to be enrolled amongft the chiefeft Benefadors of Humane Nature, to which the Ge- nius of Hippacrates^nd the Ghoft of Gahn cannot djftent; In which eminency, I wifh you compleat happines, who am Sr.ycurs, in all friendly offices, Mid: Tem.-Apr; 20,1653. i? 7 Mafin t A Hint of the Zlfe of this TREATISE. I $ Part of our Cerporall Philofophy^ being an Hiftoricall Trad of the Ffe and Abufe of Parts ; by many ftrange 3nc f National! "Examples, teachcth us, how foolidiiy Mankinde runneth headlong, blind- ed in his owne errourS, and how he is deceived, hunting after new-fangled and unnaturall Vani- ties, ruled by a deluded fenfe, chufing vaine things of his owne invention, and abhorring things cer- taine and naturally profitable. It fhewes how ficke men (generally) are of the Fafi)ions, convin- cingthe world of this Truth, That God hath made mm righteous , hut he hath found out many inven- tions. And may ferve as a Glade for the perniti- oufly-afFedted Gallants of our time to looke in, and fee the deformity of their Minds, and their Pedigree and Alliance • who pra&ife fucb phan- tafticall Emendations of Nature , as dishonour her, and apparently (hew that they glory in their fharoe. And that men defeending into themfelves, may know thenafelves to ie men and not heajls , and learne to order this Auguft Domicil of man reve- rently to the health of the Body, and honour of the Soule. Diploma Diploma Apollinis. E N Itandem Rerun* Alma Parens, Audit# Querela eft, Confulutque D:os , qua Jit rations par anda Ftrma msdela ttbi, tulerint fuffragia nob is , Hortatufque addunt, folantia dicere verba Suadenty&fedtiloformisfr.ccurrere UJis. JDepoJui radios, tnttiorqtte benign tor ejje Vecrevi 1 Calo Upfus.jperare falutem JmperOjQr afftttiis mtlius confidere rebus. Invent urn mediejna rnetim eft, opifexqtte per srbem Hot us ego, gelid# v it are pet tenia mortis PracipiOjfraElofqu- artus repay are docebc . Hum me die as adhtbere matins ad vulnera Phoebus Cogor, qua dtctui nates curajfe nefanda, , Jnf*ndum,Natura 'y.ib(s re^ovare dolorem In (Jbaos antiquum co- f undimur, Omnia monftra Legtbns ever (is prerum Natura peribat. Quicqu’d dehrant homines peccata voeantur Natura, Matris, quam non cult arc verentur Infcrtpsere Dees feeler i } nummque ftiprermim ^ irguitur,fuperi qttaji Vos, hoc more, crear art Malta homines ftigmnt f ed non ego nejcius hujitS; Quin tacui ; opportune mthi dum tempora den: ur t Etftate^ donee toti mnotefeeret orbi , Clarior ut f at mea magnapotentia terris. Co^itH'in qu \ntos horn mum genus omne furores 1 Humana permit primus de front e character, Infutfas reddent transformta corpora monies Atque feras referent , veluti Laertius Eeros Immundis fuibns focia agmitsa circumfpcxit Tranfmutata , till for be bant pocula C trees* * + ** In mi m e r as J mourner as genie tt formas ware [ana veeufiafj (fnarum coxfimtles nefctvtt [ana vttttfias. Jits ALonfiris Vulcanite erat pater, baud Venus Alma Mater .pcrnicies Veneris ,Venen[q»e nefa*da Dam monumenta, genus mt/f um, prolcjque tiformis. M mot aw us tnef, adftmt dr plunma monfira. Sum hie Centattn,junt ferna Caret va Eumcrndum, qtiibus efi oris d [cor dr a terra P eel oris at que Lyra colia mt ercepra vidcniur. Dale ib us hand Valeo percutei e ca v mina new is, Harmonicas neqrco digit is impeller* chordas, ClariaTcflndo me a n. uta dr wee fa dolore ef, Omnia degenerant & CymbaU Cnmbala fiuKt, PeBoris Humans diafemata nulla videntur. Dominant anrts , ut imqr.AmeKtis A fell/ Tat us hicefl astrit, movet hur.cnec chorda falut is. Cum bene compofitum carmcnjiumer fque vtnufium Tr a fgnis facies, pedibtts quad nemo mettrt Jam valet ex metric a parti quia claudicat omni : u'Mires Amphimacra , Nafus Pint chi us extat Venitur its Trocheum , Confians Spandaus.apsrte C afar thus fret is , Leer at urxque Os Epitritum efi } In far moLffi, vertex conjp/citur aloes. Dant incompofiti visltus tarn carmina m tinea. Singula quid refer am ? mbil efi confufiu* tills. Sanguine Cyciopum fioliavi corpora ntgro , Straverhn Stmverim & innumeris tumidum Phjthona fagittis Kexatus soties pcenas nunquamne reponam ? Cafiigesx-, ah moneam ? dubito. Qaos detnde monebo ? (duos nifi vos media ? vos o Pkeebaa propago Ptgnora Cara nuki ! Penetrafiis corpore isto Internes fatter morbos , vcratn exterior a N egiextfiis stdbuc } cur non Lmafits & iRas ? Scilicet externa efl fpecies ta.m d'gna perire l Jam rtvocate gradum, monfirifqae injicite fiana FleBite Prudentes man tf efl am Nammu Iram Phene, ft cut virtue, asimafque in peftore prafens Condecorare decet S part am kanc, mantes ultima captis Defait y & monfir am fimal & fimal abdtie crimen, E xttfu to Dia efi,clivo fttdetxr in uno. uittonitt tanto momta , tmperioque Deorum Erigite ar re ft as mt ntes , (lupcfaBaqae cor da, jlgnof cam gratae, veter is veftigiafermdf Nemo tx hoe nttmero mihi non donattts abibit. Quare agite O Nati : Sic vos firvabit Apollo. Dicite Jo Paan & Jo bis dicite P&an Ce damns Pkcebo , fequimttr te fanfte Deer am. Bailer ephon Domitor monfirortem ter gore vtclus Pegafei Calefiis eqai, fic pugnat ab alto, Ut poffit triplex habit abile reddere monfirum. Natorum eapiet nemo moderamina dixt ? u4rripuit Primus t certa & modulantina novit Bulwerus ,pretermijfa & medicaminacallet. Omnibus exceptis,ea nofirunt car a repot em Una rapit,nec qud t Pbcebi cortina fefcRit. Ingentes ammos Jlxgafio corpore vet fat brubutffe faeit, gen it as de tooBe for ores Quod ptedet atque piget , pulcbrsts temerafft figuras F oemmeam Sexttm % quern jam cognofcere mat rent Fermofam Venerera cogtt . Parnajfea Lauras Te circumemget^famk fupir eethera notum. Qleria, crede mihi , nullum perituraper avtsm. Te quoquefata regunt , qutm ft mutare valerem ; Ejficerem tandem fenii tranfeendere met am, Et nefeire necem. Quit nunc manet exit us ? Ecce ! Tu me a reguapetes, nee Caff urn lumine an&rcnt * * * * a Phcebi L. U l. W Thoehi Uta Cohort ,plaufu y ad cceleftia to Bata Jndeploratum, Dittno percitus Oeftro es, Et mea facra feres, rates acCjnthtus Audit* Egregium Natma meres , quod nmina clay* Staton dederas, qua, confi,mare laboro Et Stabdila mavent ,-fupertfque favcntsbus, aucla Confurgunt, S arena fovtfque tneoqu: figtllo. Di'um Curias AyoUinis,pro- p.refl’uri in Gancrum. Craft, Trin. Mandatum Hogerefae Altacruci- ano hoc Diploma j use coram Nature Tribunal] j fiftar. A ALift of Divines, Poets ; Hiftorians, Phi- lofcphers* Anatomifts, PhyfitianS;, and otherSjCited to give inevidence,and out of which number was a Grand Jury em- panell d for the Triall of the Artificial! Changling , upon the Inditement filed by the Author about the matter of rad of Mans voluntary Transformation. A Rijlotelss. Aver roes. , Athenaus. i/Estiits. tAEhanus. Albertus Magnus. P, Aponinjis. A lot jins. Antantss. P. Appianus. A vent in us. ProJper.Alpinus. Dj out fists Afer. jttlius Alex an dr inus. Uly fifes Aldrovandus. Avicen. Thomas Aquinas. Clem. Alexandrine. Ambrejius. Auguftinus . Alct at us* Abraham E Porta Leonis. Jozm. Bohemus. H:er. BezjX. Be Host ins. Bank inns . Alexander B naif is. Baptifta Porta. Brufonius. Plead, de Brj. Bemvenius . B oc at ins. Pnr.Bembo. Jlionfiatr de Bujheque. Barclay. Lord Bacon, Dr Brown, Cardanns. Cicero. * * * * Cyprian ns. Claudianns. Pctr.Crinitus. Claramomim , jacobus Carpus. Reauardus Cy fetus, silo lias Cadamufius. Realdus Columbus. loM.CaJJinen. Phil.Camer drifts . ChieZtd. Dr Crooke. Coghan. Diodorus . Georg. Dr dttli its. D als champ ins. iJPl arcs Unt Don it us. Petr.Damiar.MS* Dion. 2 DdM&HSa Brafevola. Alexander Beneditte. Crefohus. htl.Cafer.Scaliger* Note that the Errata's are not to be charged upon the PreJJe, but upon the Transforming Argument of the Boek^, which being nothing but art ific tall Errata >» and affelled Deformities, drew in hteraU blemijhes and mifpr,Jion sef '■ fenfe , £7 Analogy, tnjemtich as when they appear'd in- evitable , ir conceived they might pajfe for anew Ele- gancy with the Pedantiepue Qgtixois of the Pen, who (in- deed ) are moft concern'd in it . But becaufe the mercy of the more Candid is ttfuafiy befpokjsn in thefe unhappy Contingen- cies of the Prejfe,the fame civility in Come fort is here ob- ferved upon a curfory perufall thefe mi flakes appeared, which way thus be corrected j the others being m ny, are refer, ed from the tndfferency of the CorreClor to the huma- nity of the Reader, with an Humanum eft Errare. P Age 205. in the margin read Nations, p. 324. 16.it. p, 33 1.1.2 c. contratted* p. 161. 1.2 . Ammon) ttt. p.126. marg. Reafon. p, 157. marg .Americas, p. 243.1.1 $. fufptEl, p.278.1.17. Styriant.p. 94.1. }Q. ferene. p, 95 . 1 . 2 $ . Eje-lids. p.96 illt.d'Jfenr. p. 7 5. 1.2 1. would. p,%$.\.(,.ever. p,8 2.1. 31. in ttteri p. 6 . 1 ,, 2.dele Great, p.^ 8 marg. Horned Nations . p.29. mixig. horned men. p. 28.1 $o.de\eTeu in. p.23.1. 19. verities ,p° %.\tio Franc feus p.4.1.5 jraspoxs^Xo/. p. 43. I.7 pedaniic/ue. p.402, marg. p'ms. p 4c 3 .l.ult. know.pjg. \.2’J,S)ginnus. p.176.1.21 . Pf tloxenes. p.iso.marg .Little Nofcs affeffed, p 490* marg. a way.p. 3-8.1 1 I iUa.p. 402* 1 . 22 . fujfoeationi. p, 125. Marg .flat Nifes.p.^z.X.io.fhee, p. 5 I .a page Tran [pos'd, the fenfe following ar f ip. vert 5 2 up,s9i.i,decoft to convince the crrour of Epi- curus-, faid he would give him an hundred yeares to alter or change the fcituation, figure, or Compo- fition of any one part of the hu- mane Fabrick ; and he did not doubt, but it would come to palfe in the end, that he would be forced to confelfe, that the lame could by no meanes havebeene made after any Dr.cwtinhU other or more perfcft manner. A modern Ana- Microcofnu- tomift fpeakes a little more boldly, affirming, graplli ** that if all the Angels fhould have fpcnt a thou- fand years in the framing and making of man, they could not have call him into fo curious a mould or made him like to that he is, much lelfe could they have fet him forth in any better man- ner. For, God hath wonderfully, and moft arti- ficially framed the body of man. The excellency whc-rof is fuch, that the Anthropomorphites held that God had fuch a Body, and that ours was but the Copie of his, becaufethey knew God to be mofk excellent} they attributed to him fuch a Bo- dy. And the Philofophers were fo ravithed with the confideration of it, that Zoroafter cries out, as if Nature had undertaken a bold piece ©f worke when Ihe made man, and Euripides faith B that David Pfal. $9 ver, if. Cardan de re- rum varielate lib. 3. cap, 13 , The IntroduBion. that manisameft beautifull Creature, framed by a moft wife Artifan.The Spirit of God fpeaks admirably of the Body of man in Scripture, for, David faith, that his Body was curioufiy wrought in his Mothers womb as a piece bf Em- broidery or Needle-work, as the Hebrew word (rukkanthi J fignifics: Genelrard renders the word in the Pj'alme , vane contexts / um , & diveijipcatw. Pelicarm-i artificicfe concinnatus fum 0 that is, with lingular variety, and moft artificially fafhioned. Yet the blind impiety of fome hath led them to luch a height of preemption, as to finde fault with many parts of this curious Fabrickc, and to queftion the wlldome of God in the contrivance thereof, upohfuch Blafphemous fancies men have taken upon them an audacious Art to forme and new fhape themfelvcs, altering tire humane Fi- gure, and moulding it according to their own will and arbitrement, varying it after a vvonder- full manner, almoft every Nation having a per- ticular whimzy as touching corporall fafhions of their own invention.In which kind of n utations, they do fchematize or change the organicall parts of their bodies into diverfe depraved Figures. ' Cardan fpeaking of fuchoutlandifh fafhion-mon- gers, faith, it appears that the humane forme hath bin varyed many waies,both by Art and Diucnall fucceffion ; but whatfoever is done aga-inft the decree of Nature, is noxious and inconvenient for the body : yet they who pra&ife this Art, con- ceive that they become thereby more health full, ftrong and gallant. But the Midwife ought to reduce to the naturall ftate, and not to draw and force The Introduction* force the bodies of Infants into fgntaftick fhapcs. Sennerm ( therefore) where he writes of the dif- smtnusdi eafes of Conformation and thofeof Figures a . norbu confer* mong other Caufes of the ill figures of the body, p*" 0 ™ & reckons this, that thofe faults which are contrac- ted in the wombe or in the birth are not rightly amended by Midwives and Nurfes as they ought. And in his Prognofticks, (there) he faith that the default in figure which is induced through evil! Conformation, or the difficultie of birth, or the unskilfulneffe of Midwives, if it be recent and not long after the birth, may be a little corrc&ed, while the bones are yet foft and flexible; although in Adults, when the bones are now hard ned, it is incurable. Font amts where he fpeaks of ms in Pathoh - the caufes of difeafes of Conformation reckons the Man or Woman Midwives, who draw out 14 ’ the Children with their hands 5 the involutions of the Infant in fwathing Bands after the birth, or while it is handled with the hands, or from immoderate motion, while little Children are buf- fered before a fit time to goe or ftand, or are ex- pofedto more vehement motions and as Panfa P a n fa in advifeth, every part of the new-borne Infants bo- prattle, part & dy is to be formed, and thole parts that ought to 1 be concave, muft be preffed in ; thofe which fhould be (lenders conftraincd and repreffed;and thofe which are naturally prominent, righdy drawn out : the head alfo is diligently to be made round ; and as Sennertw gives the indication and cure, if in any part it be emminent above the na- turall figure, there it is to be depreffcd ; which can be done no other way, but by working it B 2 with Plato ia Mcfi. biadc. The Introduction. with the hands, to wit, that the Midwife or Nurfe by often gently handling the head and in- volving it with headbands, abolifh that figure which is'preternaturall & introduce into the head the true fhape defired.Afterwards(as Panfa faichj all the body is to be extended&remitted,and eve- ry part to be put in mind of its office. And thefc crimes both of commiffion & omiffion, committed by Midwivesand Nurfes fo frequently in thefe times again!! the tender bodies of Infants, appear more notorious} if we refled upon the carefull pradife of ancient times in this matter of high concernmentrfor it (hould appeareby a paffage of Plato, that the Nutritii of old, whileft the bodies of Infants were tender, did conform them moft to the advantage of Nature, which is the office of Cofmeticall Phyfickj notasfome falfly fuppofe, only to provide fucus’s to difguife the naturall, and that way only to palliate the defeds of Na- ture: Cofmetique is the exornatorie part of Phy- fick,whofe Office is,that whatfoevcr is according to Nature, that it is to preferve in the Body, and fo confcquently to cherifh and maintaine the native Beautie thereof. But Commotiques,thac is the Fucatorie, Galen tooke away from the parts ofPhyfick? becaufe too curioufly affcdcd,it exifts about falfe and lying appearances, and which endeavours in vaine to introduct and adul- terate an afcititious Beauty, which in adorning and fetting forth the Body differs nothing from the oflcntation of Stage-plaies, and is no lefle in- decent then fidion in manners ; which damnable portion of Cofmetique Art doth flourifh in the opinions The Tntrodudion. opinions and monftrous pra&ifcs of men and women, whereas that of the more Noble part is wanting and grown quite out of ufe, whether by the overflowing luxury of thefe times 5 or the ignorance of Phyfitians, tis not for me ( faith Mercurialis ) to judg. lnfomuch as confidering Dcceratioju thefe injurious neglects, and the tampering that fade Am hath been ufed among all Nations to alter the Co f mu,c *' mould of their Bodies 3 wee may fay as Plato in effeft affirms^ that onely the firft men which the world poffeffed, were made by God> but the reft were made and born anfwerable to the dif- courfe of Mans invention. The juft contemplati- on of which vanity made that found more ftrang- ly in my earcs, that in difcourfe I have heard to fall, fomewhat in earneft, from the mouth of a Philosopher (one in points of common beliefe (indeed)too fcepticall /That man was a meer Ar- tificiall creature, and was at firft but a kind of Ape or Baboon, who through his induftry(bydegreesj in time had improved nis Figure tte. his Reafon up to the perfe&ion of man. It is (indeed) an old Ob- tGbM.u. fervationof Pliny , that all the Race and kind ©f N< * ,H ^* Apes referable the proportion of men perfectly in the Face,Nofe,Eares and Eye-lids: which eye-lids thefe Creatures aloneof all four footed have un- der their eyes as wel as aboverNay, they have paps and aiples in their breafts 3 as Women, Arms and leggs bending contrarie waies, even as ours doe, nailes they have likewifeand fingers like to us; with the middle finger longer then the reft as ours be ; Thumbs and great toes they have more- over, with joints like (in all the world; to a man : B i and The Introdu&idn. and all the inward parts are the very fame that ours, as if they were made juftby one pattern. Y ec they a little differ from us in the Feet * for feme- what long they are like as their hands be, and the foie of their Foot is anfwerable to the palm of their hand. Their nailes are channelled hair e round like a gutter tile : whereas in man they be hat and broad. And Galen, who was a great diffedter of Apes, and therein acknowleged there- femblance to man, yet ©bferves that the Thumb ol an Ape differs much from that of a man. But by this new Hilfory of abufed Nature it will appeare a fad truth, that mans indeavours have runn the clean contrary courfe, and he hath been fo farr from railing himfelfe above the pitch of his Originall endowments, thatheismuchfallen below himfelfe 5 and in many parts of the world is pradtically degenerated into the fimilitude of a Beaft. The danger of man fince his fall is more in finking downe then in climbing up? in deje&ing then in railing himfelfe to a better conditionor improvement of naturall parts. It is a fad thing m.Donni. (as a grave divine faith Jco confider the proneneffe of man to fuch a defcent,fuch a dejedtion and fuch a diminution of himfelfe, a defeent generally into a lower nature being forbidden by GOD with Tftlme n.v.9. pjolite fieri. Be not made at all, not made any other then GOD hath made you. GOD made man, who was his mcdall at firft ( when God ftamped and imprinted his Image on him,) God would have this man preferve his dignitie, Nolite fieri , be not made any new thing, wherein he for- bids him a defeent into any depravations and detcriosations Tbt Introduction. deteriorations of our Natures, be not perverfc-Iy metamorphofed into a bead, goe noleffe, be nc t made lower. The firft fin that ever was,was an af- cending,aclimbing too high,and man in the fecone place was overthrown by the fame affeftationi but it feems this fall hath broke the neck of mans Ambition, and now weedare not be fo like God as we fhould be • Ever finoe this fall Man is fo farr from affe&in'g higher places then his Nature is capable of, that he is lfill groveling upon the ground, and participates, and imitates, and ex- preffes more of the nature of the bead then of his own. There is no creature but Man that degene- rates willingly from his Natural! dignicie: Thofe degrees of goodneffe that God imprinted upon them at firft, they preferve dill, they are not de- parted from their Naturall dignitie, for any thing they have done. But of man it feems, God was diftruftfull from the begining,he did not pro- nounce upon Mans Creation that he was good, becaufe his goodneffe was a contingent thing, and confided in the future ufe of his free will : for, that facultie and power of the will is virtm trans - fvrmativa, by it we change our felves into that we love mod, and we are come to love thofe things mod which are below us. Vive juxta germs Utum faith St. Ambrofno man, live ftccordingto thy kind, Non adulter es genw tuurrh doe notabufe, doe not allay, doe not abaftardife that Noble kind, that Noble nature that (?od hath impar- ted to thee, imprinted in thee. This whole world is one book, and is it not a barb’rous thing when all the whoig^booke befides remaines entire, to deface My Lori of Mtmaigne in •nc of hjs Eflayes, The Introduction. them by him whoisChiefe Cenfor in this bu- fintffc, they are either permitted to live, or ap- pointed to die. And my Lord of Montaigne thought much to be bound to own Monfters, al- though they were of his owrrbegetting.Bucthofe things favour too much of the other extrc-me 5 and are neither to be approved or put inpradifeby us. VVee rather recommend unto you thatob- fcrvation of my Lord Bacon to be well weighed, as he would have it,which( as he faith ) may teach a mcanes, to make the perfons of Men and Wo- men in many kinds more comely and better fea- tured then otherwife they would be, by the forming and lhaping them in their Infancy 5 wherein you may fee the opinion of that lear- ned Y\ orthy, touching helps toward the beauty and good features of perfons. Andwichall, I would have all poffible meanes ufed to prevent all unnaturall and monftrous Incroachments upon the Humane forme, and where there hap- pens any, to reduce it to the Naturall State:thac fo the bodies of men might (as neerc as can be) ap- peare unblemilhed and accompanied with all the requifites of beauty it enjoyed in its originall per- fedion,. MAN I f ttf $ffi ft* $<§# ss^sss-s s5*a MAN TRANSFORM D : Or The ARTIFICIAL!, CHANGLING THE FIRST Scene. Certaine Fajhions of the Head, ajfe~ Bed and contrived, by the Pragma - ticatl invention and al- St ^° C 3 though 1 ^ ‘ * ' Sugsr-Loife- like Heads. ( iVeTsV Si Magmas i G(~ ('graph, Amende Claramni de confett.cujufq-, moy . 1.6. MippOU 6 Ef.l 4 but not alwaies : for the Genuenfians nho delight much in this Figure of the Head , and are noted for the mo (l part to have acuminated Heads> have at leaf: fuch an acumen of wit} as makes them excellent for an Adive Life ; and in the opinion of Claramomiusrf he form of the thing gives a fujjrage unto it 5 for 5 fuch a kind of turbinated Figure repre- fents a certai ne parvity , and therefore the Heat of the Heart is lejje brokenly it} thereupon Man is ■ A- yen- The ArtificiaU Changling. 5 ?£? rendered more Aiiive. And there} ere in this place wemuft admit what Hofman gives us to know: That / 0 long as the Actions of the Braine are not hurt , it is 0/Ay a Nat ur all or Artificial fault or imperfection, no uifeafe, hut when they are hurt, then it is adif- eafe as it was in Therfitcs, who was and withaU tuner Mad . a Toole , and f ofick of this Fafljion . For the truth is, as to the fgnes DidgnoHick, a vitious Figure of the Head is known by fight y which although tt doe chiefiy declare the Conformation of the skull , yet it is likely and agreeable, that the Braine which is concluded in the skull , fhould Participate of the fame Figure, hut the difc every of it is made alfo hy certaine efjeB s ; and it is eafe to know the innate tolly bred in fome Men, hy the vitious Figure of the „ Head . Yet bcaiiger gives another Char abler of adUbyTheo- thefe Genuenfians? which Imports that they pay for pbraft.de caufis their Affeftation : The Genuenfians faith he, ha- ving received from the Mauritanians their Proge- nitors this Cuftome, to comprefj e the Temples of their Infants as foon as they are Borne, now, without that Comprejfion , are Borne with a Therfiticall Head and Heart. tVe read in the Chronicles of the Prodigious Offents , that Nature hath many times mocked Art in produ- cing this F/gure of the Head. For, Licoft he nes ' writes that in Ploa a Towne of V oitland? there was oflm . , a Monffrous Infant Borne, with fuch an acumina- ted Head, like a Cap that the Tings o/Perfia^W the Prieftsin the old Law ufed, or like a Tiaraer Tur- kifh Tuffe : and in Saxonie in the Month of Febru- ary 1545, there was another Infant borne with -a Long Head, notably marked as it were mth a Tur kifh Sigar-Loafc- like H ads. 6 Man 1 rans form'd: O a, kiihCap. The Samaritans^ (as l am Informed by a Learned and Ol\ervinq Travtller ) haze fuch Sugar-Loaf e-l: ke H eads % , There being a Cclltdge of Samaritan Secular Priefts in Rome founded by Pope Gregory the thirteenth , who have all fuch Heads 3 and this Figure of the Head , it feems j is fo Gentilitiall to a Samaritan, that they are apt there tofufpetl thofe Collegiates not to be true Samaritan*, whoje Heads are not fo exaftly moulded to this Figure : Nor is this as a private and particular Olfcnation , bounded with in the tVals of this Coll edge 3 For I have had great difcourfe with fame Merchants that have been great Travellers , who told me 3 they have a kind of Phyfiogncmy to difcerne of all Nations by the figure of their Heads , which Obfervation is raifedupon this ground $ that whereas every Nation have diffe- rences of manners by which they are eafily difcerned one from another , infomuch as you may k»ow of what difcent from any Nation any one is , either by hi 5 Voice 5 Speech j Difcourfe , Policy , Convention, Diet , Affaires , Love , Hatred , Anger , w4/z- ner of tvarf are and f uch like Exercifes : f 9 every Na- tion , whether Civill or Barbarian, hath not only Peculiar Cufiomes and Rites,but alfo Peculiar Ajfeffa- tions of Forme or Shape of their Bodies, which will be Abundantly dif covered by a world of ftrange Artifices and Pragmatic all endeavours PraHifed in this Hifiory, even from the Head to Foot, all tending to Accomodate their Affeftations with the Pride and Vanity of fuch unnaturall diftinRions. The 7 be Artificial Cbangling. Long Heads The Women of Siginnus a Cicy L of Egypt, arc reported to have great care that they may feeme to have mo ft Long Heads, B rufon. Facet, lib A, The Low-Coun- try-Men or Dutch of Belgia , have lome what Long Heads ; which with them is Scbene^ii vbfer- vat , de caput obf 16. cx vefcp lit. the moft Fafhiona- ■■ ble Figurejthis their Mothers caufe, being carefull to bring them to it? laying them when they are Infants, and wrapt in fwadling Cloaths in their Cradles, fuffering them to fteep moft upon their fides and T em* pies. Saptift.Port. The Portugals have generally long Heads, H ‘ tm - ?hyfiogn. which happen by the fame Artifice of the Mid- ‘op}c P plyf S & wives ; for as God makesTo the< Midwife fhapes ; Anat.tib . i . and fhee is dire&ed by the Mother and Women prefent at her Labour and lying in, who all will be fure to put the Midwife in mind of moulding the Childes Head to the Fafhion moft in requeft. Somealfo by an affe&edor an enforced thin Di- et have attained unto the fame badg of Gentility; For, that will doc it as Hippocrates affirmes, for thereby the Temporall Mulcles being dryed up, the Temples become thereupon hollow*. And fo their Heads feem longer, the proportionate D Latitude j Short'Head* Fabric,Hi/i. Cint.z.obfer- vat.c/<) .Sen- nertus infl.it e hb-i.pars.i. tap.ij. Aud> aas Ve fa.- llus,lib,i>cap.f de Corp.HuB!' Fabr. furchas Tilt. 4 0 iib'U - 8 Man Transform'd : O r, Latitude of the Head being thereby diminifhed. This affectation of Nurfes in cliters Regions and Families , praihfed upon a / uppojitiun of conferring Beauty upon Children^mcl their freight binding their Heads to force them to the Toy mis ; Sennertus^W Hildanus both take Notice of and condemne . For by the comprcjfwn of the Skull-> and that thus exten- ding of it in lengthy tie Braine , together with its Ventricles are compreffed , whence , the Spirits not fuffciently prepared and well wrought, the Head is weakened^ and made obnoxious unto Cathars; and if fuch Children grow up to Adolefcency (which yet happens very rarely ) they prove to be of a flower and duller wit) that old faying being manifestly verified in them,M.a\a.s artes Inventories male cedere. The Germans have fhort Heads for the raoft part, fuch Heads being in repute among them , which they attaine unto by their Mothers or Nurfes care, who lay them in their Cradles when they are Infants, fo that they alwayes deep upon their Backs , their Hands for the moft part left out unfwathed, being tied on both Tides on the Cradle. The Men of Brafil have flat Heads, the hinder part not round but flat, which may very well be. T be Artificiall Changling. 9 be imagined to proceed from fome Affe&atioa or Fancie, that they have of fuch a forme of the Head. The inconveniences that many times attend this ajfefled Fajhion of the Head, when the Nape with a little bunchines remaineth not , but the Nodock is made flat are , that the Brain is not fo Figured as is requifite for wit and H ability j For, the deprejfion of this pofierior prominency of the Heady weakens the Habilitie to Adi on , as Galen jhewes 5 the reafon is becaufe Voluntary motion depends upon the Nerves, whofe princi- ple the Cerebellum is: Since therefore the Origi- nall and chiefe Instrument of Voluntary motion y refides in the hinder part of the Head, Aten are by this depraving the Figure of their Heads, made more cold and indifpofed unto motion, and fo likewife unto recordation > the After-Braine , the feat of Memory being thus perverted, which effett was obferved (as Benivenius reports) in the ,54^;, 1 dijjedion of one James a Famous Thief e, the hinder part of whofe Heady where the feat of Memory is, was found fo fborty that it contained but a very little portion of Brainey for which caufe, when he could lea hi of all remember the Bani- fhmentSy Imprifonments and Torments he had fuf- fered for his former ViUanies , falling like an im- pudent Dog to his Vomity was at laft Hanged, which put an end to his Life and Theft to- gether. The Round Heads tnr^> Bipiifl Pitt, Hum Pbyfiogn. hi> j. io Man Transform d: O r. Plutarch in the L ft of Pe- ricles. Galen i .Epid Com. I dpb 37 , Suidas. The Greeks of old were noted to Love and affect a round Head, as lu table and heft agreeing with thofe that fpake ore rotundo ; and it was To Fafhionable a Fi- gure with them of old, and fo nouri- fhed by Art, that Pericles the Aiheni- ftn ( who as Plu- tarch writes) had a long Head in Fafhion of a Mallcta which is the moft exaft and Naturall forme, was de- rided tor it by the Comedians of his Time 3 and the Attic k Poets call’d him Cynocephalum , that is 3 Dogs-head. The Attick Poets call him Schinocevhalos-s as much as tofay 3 as Hea- ded like an Onyonj for thofe of Attica doe fometimes name that which is called in the Vulgar Tongue Scilla , that is to fay, an Oni- on of Barbaric , or the Sea Onion, Sc hi nos. Phy locles the Comtek Poet cals him Oxycepha- lum , Tcoffing at his coppid crown’d Head 3 which appeared like the head of a Lapwing. Among the reft of the Attick Poets, Cratinus hath never done playing upon Pericles for this deformity, Comically jefting, at his Monftrous joulting Pate, fir-naming him joult-Hcad, and Onions-Head, or as we would fay, Squil-Head, and it was held ft? great a reproach unto him, that TheArtipcia.il (bangling. n that the Statuaries that made his Statute, to hide thisfuppofed deformitie 5 or rather want of con- formitie, alwaies made him with a Helmet upon his Head : ivberely you may fee how ridiculous a thing it is to baie a Head out ofFdjhion. At this Day the Grecians and Turks have round Heads much refembling a Globe, which they af- fedt and nourifh by Art in their Children, as holding it the moft commodious forme to fit their Turbants and Shafhes which they weare on their Heads. Round Heads The Antuerpienfans have alfo round Heads 3 which is a Comely Fafhion as they think, and in good repute among them. The Virgins of Bruxels> likewife for the moft part are round-Heads,but only that they have a fharper Chin. The French are obferved to have c*i'm nhod. their Heads fomewhat Orbicular, to which their difpofition and Natural! temper is Analogicall.. And the unnaturalnefte of the Figure leads us to fufped! the Artifice of the Nurfes hand to con- curr to their conformation, therefore the French Haberdafhers being furnifhed onely with Hats proportionable for filch Heads, have much adoe to fit an Englifh Mans Head with a Hat, info- much as when they fall upon this difficulty, they are wont to tell him, that his Head is not A-la- mode. ■All that they gaine , who thus Trefpajje again f the Justice of Nature , enforcing their Heads to a Sphericall foim-> or, through roundnejje, is, a quick moving) un ableneffe, forgetfullneJJ e, fmall dif ere- tion and little Wit* For the Motion of the Spirit D 3 never Broad-Heads .mcu i z Man T rans form'd : O r, 'never ceafeth nor reft eth, as in many French Men H ; iiy PhiSog- an ^ Spaniards, and the like in certaine Germans, ■ hath been observed and noted. For when the forme of the Head is through rounds then is the middle Ventricle lar gey and the Spirits nor king in the fame fo Ur gey untill thefe finde a large place, which inthe meane time are not Sufficiently united : and in fuch wife is the vert ue EfUmative weakenedy by that the Spirits are carried round about the bounds of the f ame ; inf much that f uch Men having the like for - med Heads are ill reported of for their proper qua- lities and conditions in Phyfiognomie . Albertus Albertus Mulier. Spigel.da Hum.Corp, fabr.Iib.i. msgn.dijrecrct Magnus (indeed ) commends a round- He ad \ and would have Boyes loved that have round Heads , be- caufe that is themofi Noble Figure : Therefore , Nur- fes faith he are wont to comprefje and endeavour to make Boyes Heads round, which hence fecms to have been accuStomed either in Padua or Ratisbone. The Mufcovites, who are for the moft pare of a fquare proportion! broad? (hort and thick, have broad Heads, which is in Fafhion with them at this Day. And when they are young Infants, and in their tender Age apt to be drawn and bent to any fhape? their Faces are explained and Ratted by Art, and The Axtificiall Changling. 13 ™ 9 ds narrow fo directed to grow into this Gcntiiitian forme. The Apichtgu/ 5 Pichunjli, San a-, People Oi Punhai P ^ r# the Indies , affed the fame mad Gallantry of a 4.M.7. broad Head and platter Face 5 to bring their Children to which Affeded deformity , they lay one board on the Forehead and another on the Neck, fo keeping them in prefs from Day to Day untill they be foure or five Yeares old. The Women of Cumana affed a ve- ry long Head and Face 3 as 'accoun- ting it the moft comely and Beau- tifull Figure of the Head. A long Face and thin Cheekes being their chiefe Beauty. To attain unto which defi- red Deformity , they gently com- prefie the Heads of their Infants between two lit- tle Pillowes to extend them. Such contradidi- ons there is in the Phantafies and opinions of Men and clafhings in. point of Elegancy in the Figure of the Head) that we may well cry out with Pliny 5 that there is no thing fo vaine and fo n P roud as Man. In Square-He*^ s Ca da».d '( ye- r.m vane Jib. 8 eip.qi. *4 Man 1 ram form'd : O r. In the Province of Old Port in the m(t - 1 (dies there are men that have a (qua. e-Head, fo made by Art. For they to bring their Childrens Heads to this Fafhionf no doubt Jin great re- queft with therm put them between Boards when they .are new Borne 5 which being tender Sc yong,are enforced to grow after the Forme of that fquare wooden Box that encloieth them on every fide. And this Art paifeth at length into a kind of Nature, by long fucceffion. The Geometrical l pates of our Square-headed and Platter-faced Gallants , is a new Contrivance : Tor, thefe Fafijions of the Head were not knowne and dif covered in the time of Galen, nor the violation of this Artifice praBifed ; Galen reckoning up the foure unnatural l Figures of the Head , the firfi^where the Anterior eminency is io(i , the Posterior remai- ningin good cafej thefecond , when the hinder Emi- nency or out-fhoot is wanting . , the Front all Jettie fafe $ the third jivhen both of them are miffing^ the Fourth when the Temples are Eminent , the Occiput and Sinciput depreffed-) faies for this lafi Figure , it may be imagine d^ but not pojfibly be found, againfi which Vefallus, cap. Vefalius oppofeth himfelfe , alle dging both Autho- fdib.i. r } t y an( i Experience'ythe Authority is of Hippocrates, who The Artificiall Changing. ij *£"**£* who {as be f ties ) writes-, that the Head fometimes doth more remarkably protuberat at the Eares then either forward or backward. His Experience is taken from Three , whereof the Fir ft he faies he faw at Venice, another at Bononia, a Third at Genua* Againft him againe Fallopius oppofeth him- felfe , and as for Hippocrates he faith , that for this caufehe had read Hippocrates through twice, and could never fnde any fuch thing ) and for the Expe- rience) he had f ten the V enetian Boy ? who had not this Fourth Figure. To Hofman it feems that this ought not to be accounted among the unnaturall or unvaletudinarie Figures ; For) not infixing upon pu.Apmwfn thefe Occidental l Indian f equate- Heads) above pre- Diffirent. 79 , fented,he fndes Conciliators write , that he had Conc ^‘ ator * feen two, nay meafured their He ads, and to have found agreater diftancefrom one Temple to the other, then from the Occiput to the Sinciput. Hugo Senenfis alfo had feen this Figure, as Th. Veiga tefiifes: fb.VeigaCoM- and Petrus Martyr faies, he faw fuch a Boy at Mi- Ar?.Medici‘nat‘. lane. At lafi, Hofman agrees with Galen, that Gai, fuch are Monstrous, rare and invitall. And verily thefe fquare-Headed Gallants mufi needs fuff erfome dammagein their intellectuals by this affeftation-,fbr Phyfiognomers affrme) thataHead that hath Angles argues an impediment of Judgment and ratiocination. For even as an Eccho islef] e op- pofetely formed in Angular Buildings , then in an Arch or winding Rounds^ So the Vigour of Judg- ment is more fiourifhing in a Skull, Naturally round, then in H eads knotty and Angular. And therefore Man Naturally hath a great Advantage over o- ther Creatures in the roundneffe of his Head -,for al- Man Trantformd : O r, though in the Fabric!? , all Creatures feem to an- fvocr one general! Rule, although they are of clivers fpecies and ufe , jet ly the mnderfull Device or In- vention of God {as La&antius fpeaks ) there is one Similitude of frame in all , for y one difpofition and one Habit produceth an innumerable varietie of Li- ving Creatures ; For in all Creatures , that Breath , for themofl part , there is the fame Series and order v, of Members , nor do the members onely obferze and ' •> keep their Tenor and Scituatian , but alfo the parts of the Members for in one and the fame Headphe Fares , the Eies>theno(lrils)the Mouth alfo,and in the Mouth , the Teeth and T ongue , poffeffe a certain place , being the fame in all living Creatures, yet there is Infinite and Manifold diverfity of Figures, for that they are either more produced or contraBed,vr compri- fedin lineaments variou/ly differing. As for Ex- ample', the Head in other Creatures is formed after a Triangular manner , and whereas it ought to be round in Man, thefe Nations di (lending the orbicular it y of their Heads , change it into an Angular Body, thereby-, to the great affront of Nature and abaf °ment of the Humane Forme , maintaining a greater Analo- gie between them and bruits then ever fhe intended. If any accidental! depravation of the Head ref em- bling this affefted Irregularity , threaten prejudice to the operation of the intellect, the mi f chief e may be prevented in Infants, by the PhyficaU Co-neBor or Cofmetique Chirurgion, whofe Office it is to prefen e what is according to Nature, and in caf t of misprifion to reduce unto the Natural! (late , the endeavour'of which, Art hath fuccceeded happily tormfny. Dr.G a- renciers told me he knew a Child that through the vi _ \ difficulty T be Artificial! Changling. i7 Do £^£j difficulty of Birth and the ufuall accidents of hard Labour ff is Head wasfo comprefjed and driven into a kinde of -Angularity , that they much fufpeftedfome detriment muld thereby accrew unto his under fian- ding\ yet by the Mi drives and Nurfes care , who indeed have the onely opportunity to officiate in this bufineff e (/ would they had as much judgment and a- bility for the place) the Childes Head recovered the NaturaU fbape> and it proved to have a very good wit and understanding. Many have held Opinion, that Me- gasihenes'j Pliny and Aulm^ GeUius were loud liars, when they wrote and publiihed that there lived a certaine kinde of People in Scythia which had Doggs Heads 5 and, verily although Pliny hath been by fome in- credulous and Igno- rant Men Pater Mendaciorum-> and an impudent lyarjyet I have fomewhat of his to (hew not onely for his truth but alfo for his Modefty :for when he comes to write of the ft range and wondrous Shapes of fundry Nations, he doth advertife the Readers of his Hiftory, that he will not Pawne his credit for many things that he therin delivers, nor binde them to believe all he writes avouch- ing ftrange & Forrain Nations,refer them rather E 2 l?e De i ebiis Tar tar ,(.9. i§ Mm Transform'd: O r, he do,th to his Authors, whom in all points (more doubtful! then the reft ) he cites and alledgcs? whom they may believe if they lift, oncly he would pot have them think much to follow the Greek writers? who. from time to time in this be- halfe have been more diligent in penning? and more curious in fearching after Antiquities. And although the Author of the Treafurie of Times, indeed holds this for a Fable, becaufeall- thofe Countries have been difeovered, and doe- declare no deformity on the Peoples Bodies: yet the relation is confirmed by fome of the or- der of Predicants fent as Legats from the Apo--, ftolique State unto the Tartars, who affure u*s that there are a certaine Nation in Tartary who vine. Hifi.iib, have a Dogs-Face ; the fame Authors adding *johame]'dt withall ? that although the Men have fuch a re- piam minorita. femblance of a Dogs-FIead as beforefaid , yet the Women have a Flumane Vifage as other Women in the World have. Therefore there is fuch a Nation, the Authors being many and confiderable who affirme it, and Kornmannw aflents thereto? conceiving the relation to be true, infomuch as it were a fhame for any Man to be refra&orie in point of beliefe, and not to afford Credit to fo Evident a truth. For although this Nation of Men hath been accounted by ma- ny among the Types and Fabulous Narrations of the Ancients, yet in thefe latter Times we have received credible Intelligence of fuch kind of Nations newly found. Johannes de Plancarpio and vincentius Burgundius make relations of Nations lately difeovered having fuch DogTike-Heads, O derim The Artificial! Cbangling. 19 Odericw Po/fcralfrrmes, that in Nicoverra a City of India there are men that have Dogs-Heads, in the Iile called Macumer an, which is a great Ille andafairc, the Men and Women, who arerea- >av sc ^' r * fonable? have Heads like Hounds. Marcus Paulus the Venetian allures us, than there is an Illand named Daganian , ( Kornmannus cals it Anganian ) the Inhabitants whereof have Heads like unto Dogs? and live by feeding on Humane Flefh; and Paufanius delivers unto us a relation of one Euphemw by defcent a Carian-i who faw fuch People in the Illands of the Oceans , when he was driven thither by a Tempeft as he was failing into Italy . Thatteftification alfo that Arifiotle gives of Pig- mies , is much reverenced by Johannes Carriers ? HeBor PintHs, and (of the Ancients) by Ifidore, as affording good ground of probabilitie,of the being of a Nation of Cynocephali, or Men with Dogs-Heads, and they are reported to be Negroes inhabiting a Mourrtaine neere the River Indus, andfo numerous, that there are an hundred and Twenty Thoufandof them, being called by the Indians Califtrios , which the Greeks would call Cynocephalos , id eft,Canicipites. Indeed the Hiflo- ricall truth is much embafed by many vain ap- pendices, as that theybark and howl like Dcgs?and * fo underftand one another, having no other Lan- guage? that they have Teeth greater then Dogs Clawes, but longer and rounder ; that although they cannot fpcake, they make fignes with their Hands and Fingers, as Deaf and Dumb men ufe to doe, that both the Men and Women have E 3 Tailes H:adlefle Nations >Lr&4 Mela.lib, i .caf> 4 * Sol'ms.cap. U 3 « Aul.G(V‘.Att. lib.y.cap.^. Plin. lib. eif.t. Plin .lib, 7. cap. 20 Mm T ransformd : O r, Tailes at their Rumps like to Dogs ; but that they are greater and thicker of haires, that they en- gender with Women more Canino> accounting any other way of Copulation fhamefull; all which Additaments are more advantagioudy read then believed. By what meanes thefe Natives wight come to he thus monfliously defcrmed^andthe fhapeof their Heads to degenerate into the fimilitucle of aDogs-Head y [hall be fuffciently declared in our fucceeding Face- moulders Scene , where wee [hall prej ent the Cynopro- fopi or Men having a Dogs Face. The Artifice uf»d being as I probably con] etturejhe fame in both. Ancient Writers havefpokenof Ace- phali , oraheadleffie Nation. Mela writes that the Blemii are Headleffe, and have all the parts of their countenance in their Breaif. Solinus deli- vers the fame thing: there are faith he who want their Necks, and have their Eyes in the Shoulders. And before thefe Authors, many have written the very fame thing ; whom Aulus Gellius reckons up. Pliny in open words doth frequently affertthe fame,, for he delivers that their Heads arc wanting, their Mouth and their Eyes affixed in their Breads? and not far from the Troglodytes there The Artificiall Cbangling. 2 ig”"' there arecertaine Men that have no Neck, having their Eyes in their Shoulders. pars.ee/mo - Sr. John Mandeztl reports, that in one of the lies belonging to the great and mighty King of bis Travels, c. the Hand Dodyn, there are Men that have no Heads, and their Eyes are in their Shoulders, and their Mouth is on their Breaft. He gives their originall, Cham(h aith hejtook the beft part Eaft- wa'rd that is called AJia , being the mightieft and Richeft of his Brethren, and of him are come the Fannim folke, and divers manners of Men of thofe Iles,fome headlelfe,and the other Men disfi- gured. And bccauie fome things fpoken by him might feem ftrange and fcarce Credible, there- fore he thought good to make known to all that will fee more proofe hereof in his Book called Mappa Mundiy there they fhall finde the moft part of the fame ratified and confirmed. St. Augustine makes commemoration of fuch Augufl. dt nv. a Nation, and although he there doth notim- pofe a neceffity of believing the Relations that are made of fuch kinds of Men } fo he feems to grafit that it is not incredible ; Nay, heteftifies, that he had feen them himfelfe, for heaffuresus in thefe words : I was now Bifoop of Hippo, and with certain iervantsor Chrift, I Travelled wtremo* to Ethiopia to preach the Gofpell of Chrift unto them, and we faw there many Men and Women, having no Heads, but grofte Eyes fixed in their Breaft, their other Members like unto ours^which place o iAugufl. Fulgojus cites to the fame purpofe. But let us heare, Sr. Walter Rarrleigk his rela- Sr. Walter item of this kind of transformed Nation ^the Emi- ^pluffQsd. panomi ana. Hcjdleflfc Nation* G/33VJ 22 Man T ram form'd : O r , panomi faith he are a ftrange headklfe Natiomfor on the Banks of the River Caora are a Nation of Peoplej whole Heads appearenoo above their Shoulders, which though it may be thought a meere Fable, yet for my own part I am refolved it is true^becaufe every Child in the Province of Arromaia and Comurs affirme all the fame: are called Emipancmi^ they are reported to have their Eyes in their Shoulders 5 and their Mouths in the Middle of their Breafts, and that a long traine of haire groweth backward between the Shoulders.The Son of T rnamri ^ which I brought with me into England, told me, that they were the moft mighty Men of all the Land, and ufe BoweS}Arrowes, and Clubs 5 thrice as bigg as any of Guiana-, or of the Oronoqueponi , and that one of the / wararvakeri) tooke a Prifoner of them the Yeare before ourarrivall there, and brought him into the Borders of Aromaia his Fathers Coun- try. And further when I feemed to doubt of it, he told me that it was no wonder among them, but that they were as great a Nation, and as common as any other in all the Provinces, and had of late Y ears (lain many hundreds of his Fathers People, and of other Nations their Neighbours; but it was not my chance to heareof them, till I was come away, and if I had but fpoken one word of it while I was there, I might have brought one of them with me, to put the matter out of doubt. Such a Nation was written of by MmdeviU^ whofe reports were held for Fables many Years; and yet lince the Eafl- Indies were difcov ered, we find his relation true of fuch things as heretofc re we T be ArtificiaU Cb angling. 23 ^32? wee held incredible; whether it be true or noj the matter is not great, neither can there be any profit in the imaginations lor my own part, I faw them not, but I am refolred that fo many People did not all combine 5 or fore-think to make the report. The Tranflator oftheHiftory of Congo written by Pigafetta hopes, that in time,fome good Guianean will make good proofe to our Eng- land, that there are this day headleffe Men. And if any make Confcience to joyne Faith to thefe things upon thefe relations, yet they ought not to think this wonder impofiibie, efpecially being certified by fuch Authors as are here alledged. For thefe ftrange Hiftories of Monftrous Na- tions, which in Pliny and other Ancient Authors I have heretofore counted vain, do now require and deferve fome Credit : fince in thefe times there is a new Nature revealed, new miraclesj anew World, full of ftrange varieties and fin- cere novelties. Dr. Franafw Hernandw, who by the Command of Philip the fecond, failed to the new World to difcover the condition thereof, whofe manufcripts are kept in the Kings Libra- ry of St.Laurence in theEfcuriall, and other Ma- nufcripts lent to the King of Spaine about the af- faires of India ; by the Advantage of which, Eufe- bm Neir ember genfis was inabled to write his new Jfiftorv of Nature, doe juftifie thefe and ftranger relations of divers kind of men among the indi- Ans> in'ftature, difpofition, forme, and deformity, as Monftrous as thefe Acephali or headleffe Nati- on. Avicen was fo bold to affirmejithat after the immenfe inundations of the World, not only JF ‘ man- Nations 24, Man ’Transform’d: Or, ** ' mankind, but all other Creatures were produced from the tabid Carcaffes by the Celeftiall influx without feed ; which is a thing no wife man can be brought to believe, that fo Noble a Crea- ture thould arife out of a putrid matter about whofe Creation the whole Godhead was em- ployed, wherefore fo great and Beautifull a worke that was worthy of the Divine Labour, could not fpontaneoufly proceed, it being moft unlikely that Man being Compos mentis which is a particle of Divinitie, fhould refult from fo vile SanctJugH(l'm an originall. Sc. Augufiirh where he fpeaks of in Hb.de civi- thefe Acephali and other Monftrous Nations, fomwhat better refolves the doubt of their Ori- ginall , It is demanded ( faith he ) whether Noahs fonnes, or rather Adams (of whom all Mankind came ) begot any of thofe Monftrous Men; and he concludes, that whaefoever he begot that is Man, that is, a Mortall reafonable Creature, be his forme, Voyce, or whatever, never fo different from any ordinarie mans, no Faithfull Perfon ought to doubt that he is of Adams Progeny : yet is the Power of Nature fhewn and ftrangely fhewn in fuch. God made all, and when or how he would forme this or that he knowes beft, ha- ving the perfeft skill how to Beautifie the Uni- verfe by oppofition and diverftty of parts ; but he that cannot contemplate the Beauty of the whole, ftumbles at the deformity of the part, and not knowing the Congruence that it hath with the whole. Yet God forbid that any one fhould be fo befotted 5 as to think the Maker erred in thefe Mess Fabriek, though we know not why he made The Artificiall Ch angling. 2 5 made them thus, be the diverfity never fo great, heknowes what he doth and none muft rcpre- hend him 5 therefore what Nations fo ere have fhapes differing from that which is in moft Men, and feemto be exorbitant from the Common former if they be definable to be reafonable Creatures and Mortall , they muft bee ac- knowleged for Adams Iffue. But St. Auftin heare fpeaks more like a Divine then a Phil d(o- pher 5 for although the fupreame efficient and lupernaturail caufe of Monfters is God, and that when Nature feems to defied from the common Law eftablifhed, fhee is rapt by a Divine force, and there is aliquid Divini in the peculiar caufe of thefe transfigurations of the Humane forme, and that the finall caufe of thefe prodigious appa- ritions may be the anger of God, who is no way bound to the Law of Nature, and who in revenge for fome crime committed, may transforme a Man as he did Nebuchadnezzar , or give over a felf-deformed Nation, to the vanitie of their own inventions ; yet it founds very harfh to the princi- ples of our Philofophie, that the God of Nature fhould befo glorified by fuch ftrange apparances, that evill and imperfed Creatures fhould con- curre to the perfedion of the univerfe, fince they have no reference to the Beauty of the World.': becaufe the Beauty of the univerfe confifts in things perfed and permanent, and Monfters, (qua- tenw Monfters ) being nothing but defeds and pri- vations; can contribute no perfedion, and fo confequently appertaine not to the Beauty of the F 2 unL HctdlciTe Nations St Augufllne de tivit. Dti . ? melius de mirac.nofiri Vmporu, Schenchm de mnfttcepit. Wxtnus lib,% 4, up. 6. z6 Man Transform'd: Ob, univerfe 5 if they did conferr any ornament, they fhould for the moft part be produced, becaufe the great decorum of the World is fuftained by frequent effe&S) but Monfters happen rarely 5 and therefore they ought to be fegregated from the Ornaments of the World 5 and if they had come to light to adorne the World) they had from the beginning of the World appeared) which vve read of no where. How this Monprous alienation from the Hu- mane Form was fir ft introduced and continued is not fo cafe to conjecture. St Auguftine thinks that the fame reafon may he given for thefe deformed Nations , as there is for thefe Monftrous productions of Men which fometimes happen among us^ of which kind of prodigious productions there are many records where- in Nature feems to have upbraided Mans inventions and to retaliate his affectations . Anno Dom.1525, at Wittenberg an Infant was borne without a Head. Anno 1 5 54, In Mifnia an Infant was bom with- out a Head, the Effigies of Eyes exprelfed in his Breaft. Anno Domini 15 < 52 , in the Calends of Novem- ber at Villafranc in Wafconia a Mon Her was borne, a Female Acephalon 5 the Pourtraiture of which headleffe Monfter 5 Fontanu* who religioufly affirmed that he had feenit) having communica- ted to Johannes Altinus the Phyfitian 5 he pre- fented it to Tartu* when he was writing his Commentarie of Monfters. And reafon may perfwade us that it is not im- polfible, The Artificial! Cbangling. z 7 poffible? for it may happen by the conftitution of the Climate? that the Neck may not be allowed to be eminently advanced above the Shoulders? and yet the inftruments of Nature may performe their Office in a nearer approach of the Neck unto the Body, which is the opinion of Kornman- Kommamus nus. But for my own part I much fufpeft fome Hb. iJe vivo- villanous Artifice and affectation to have been , “ ww,r * fft ^ concurrent caufes of this non-appearance of the Head, and fome fantafticall difiike of the Natu- rall diftance between the Head and the Body by the interpofition of the Neck? which hath been the humour of fome other Nations, who have in a manner no Neck, as appears in this Scene, and in the fifteen and fixteenth of this our praCticall Me- tamorphofis, where you fhall find this very Na- tion deferibed as if they affcCted to have their Shoulders higher then their Heads ; And Sr wai- ter Rawleigh faith, their Heads appeare not above their Shoulders. And I conceive that they are not fo much headleffe? as that their Heads by fome Violent and conftant Artifice are prefifed down between their Shoulders, and affecting to have their Shoulders higher then their Heads, the Scapulas by the conftant endeavour of their Le- vators grown to a habit, hath drowned the Head in the Breaft, the Head being crowded too clofe to the Shoulders, and as it were growing to them, the Neck is quite loft and the Eies feem planted as upon the Shoulders, and the Mouth in the Breaft, a fhadow of which refemblance W6 may fometimes fee in very croked (hort neck'd Men. ^nd consequently all the ufes of the Neck in point of F 3 dr° f SV. John Man. devils Travels sap. 8j. ’ ^ Man Tr arts form d: Or, circumfpecUon are quite loft ly this Artifice , and the Donation of Nature therein is made void , for they cannot with eafe turne their Head about to and fro, every waytolooke about them, the Spondyles or tur- ning round Bones tied and fattened one unto another by joynts and knots a cannot poffible in this poflure accompli fh their Motions . But this charge and evidence I give in only againft them by way of prelum ption : you Gen- tlemen Readers of the Jury may give up your Verdi& according to your judgments, and either find Billa Vera, or returne Ignoramus. Beyond the Land of Cathay there is a Wiider- nelfe, wherein are many wild Men with Hornes on their Heads very hideous, and fpeake not? but rout as Swine. That men fhould be fo cornuted?or have horns srow on their Headsds a thing neither impolfible nor incredible? for many have been Borne cor- nuted. Amatus Lufitarm fpeaks of a Boy Borne with a little home on his Head. Ann. 1 2 3 3, In Rathffade a T own in the Norican Alpes , which the Inhabitants call Taurw> there was an Infant Borne cornuted. Anno 1 5 5 i, in a Village of Marchias call’d wfi'msdc Kira. Dammenuvald neer whitftock, a Country Mans iuhs. Wife brought forth a Monfter with fuch a hor- ned Head. Among the Subalpians in Quierusgt little Town ten : Miles diftant from Taurin ( Teurin ) Anno Dofd.1578, the feventeenth of January about 8 of the clock at Night? an honeft Matron brought forth A mat. Lufit. tent.cnr.si. Lyco tt.chron: de prod. & pint. Jacobus Fin- b.Par^us Hb.14aap.21, The Artificiall Changling. 29 Nations forth a Child having five homes one againft ano- thef on his Head like unto Rams homes. Lanfranem faw a man who came unto him for fra reus his advice , who had feven Eminencics in his Head, one greater then another, and in divers pla- m. Major. ces, whereof one was fo great and acute like the home of a young Goat, or an Inch long. I'hgrafus faith, that together with that prudent g Chirurgian Iacobm a Soriw, he faw at Panhorns. g certaine Noble Virgin, who had many crooked hopnes, fharpe at the end, reprefenting the Effi- gies of the homes of a young Steere, which ren- dred her fo deformed, that fhe rather look’d like a Devill then a Woman. One Margaret, about fixty years, the Widow of David Owen a Welfh Man, had growing in her Forehead a horn much like unto the horns of a Lamb, as I finde in a private marginall note to Schenckiw obfervations, written by fome Phyfi- cian or Chirurgion that owned the Book. It is reported of a certaine Se£t of th eBannian Aloifius Epift . Priefts, that they have as it were a little home Mttco iapnis ftanding out upon their Heads. shut I remember I have read in Camerarim or fome other, a Story of a certaine King, who being jealous of his Queen, and fuppofing himfelfe to be a Cuckold, dreamt one night that he was cor- nu ted indeed, and that he had reall homes bud- ding out of his Forehead, and he found his dream true when he waked •, which the Author there defcanting upon, conceives to be poffible, by Vertue of Imagination, transferring matter thither; fit for fuch a production. . That Horned Nations 30 Mm T ram form d : O r, That homes may be engrafted upon the Head 3ppeares poflible by the report too we have read of lome Nations, who are wont to cut off the fpurs from the heeles of Cocks new gelt, and to enfc-rt them fo cut off into their own Foreheads, which afterwards encreafe there and grow in a wonderfull manner. Now whether this cornuted Nation was the offspring of any horned Monfters, fufferd to propogate theml'elves,and fo to become nationals or whether they at fir ft affefting fuch a badge of Bcaftiall ftrength, engrafted them and fo it be- came Naturall unto them, I leave to my Mailers of the Jury to find out upon a Melm inquiren- dum. \ c \ Among other contrivances of Mans cruel! in- vention I fhall annex a ftrange Hiftoy out of Fabricius Htidanw. In the Yeare 159 Paris there was an Infant about 1 5 or 18 Months old, who had the skin of its Head lo extended that it exceeded the mag- nitude of theTIeadof any Infant Hydrocephalos that was ever feen. This Childs Patents did carry it about from T own to T own to fhew, and thereby exceedingly enriched themfelves. At length there being a great concourfe of Peo- ple, and the Parifian Magiftrate being a very difcreet Man, fufpefting it to be fome bafe de- ceit, did call the Parents into Prifon *, And ha- ving examined, they confeffed their Barbarous and impious crime, faying that they had cut the skin of thelnfants Head by making a little hole about the Crown to the very Mufcles, and by * that T be Artificiall Cbanglmg. 3 1 Hjdroceph*- Ion. that very hole(put- ting in a Reed be- tween the skin and the Mufcles) had blowne into it ? and by degrees, with- in fome moneths, (by continuall puf- fing into it) the skin of the Infants Head was exten- ded to that alti- tude , and that they did expofe it to all here and about France to get money thereby. They had made the hole fo neatly, that drawing out the reed, with wax or fome fuch ma- terial! they could eafily clofe the fame ; When they had fully found out this horrid favage in- humanity for certaine, they put both the Parents to death. This Hiftory Hildanus affirmes to Vabr.Hiid.ob- have received from Ocular witneffes and perfons ^'Z at '£ri* or Credit, Among other Monftrous formes and prodigi- ous apparitions of the Head, we fhall here pre- fent Bicipites or Men with two Heads.I faw (faith Hah) a Man that was Borne having two Heads, one feperatedfrom the other. Coelm Rhodiginw is reported to have feen two Faraus lib. 14* Monftersdn Italy >nne a man the other a Woman, °P cr ’h*orxa^i. their Bodies in all parts w>ell and neately compo- fed, but that they had two Heads, of which the Woman lived five and T wen tie Yeares. Anno B’cipite*, trr^> Rucjf.lib.f.cap. 3 'de concep. & gemat.bom. tyco ft, Prodig. &ojlent . cbron. lyioft.dnno mwdi, 3791. Ruff. lib. s. cap. 3, de general, limit P Man Transform d: O k] Anno 1548 there was one Borne who grew up totheperfebfc Stature of a Man, with his Head and Shoulders only double, fo that one Head was back war dly oppoiite unto the other wonder- full like one another, their Beards and Eyes ve- ry much refembling each the other, they had both the fame appetite to meat, both fenfible ol one hunger, their voyce alike, the fame defire of one Wife, which they had, and of enjoying her was to both Heads, he was above 30 Y eares of age when my Author chanced to fee him. The like Monfter Lycofihenes faw in Bavaria Anno 154 1 , fliee was a Woman of about Twenty fix Yeares old with two Heads, whereof one was fufficicntly deformed.. I confefle I have not in all my inquifition dif- covered a Nation of fuch Men, although there rnay poffiblybe fuch a Nation in the World, fince there have been fuch of both Sexes, and wee by thefe relations, fee they may live to the Age of generation, although it be againft the con> mon condition of Monfters, who for the moft part are very fhort lived: for as they are borne againft Nature fo they live, moreover they arc very irkfome tothemfelves bccaufe they aremoc- king-ftocks to other Mortals, therefore they judge their life difpleafing to them, but the number of thofe that have been Borne with two Heads are very many. In Vientum there was a Boy Borne with two Heads. At Frufinofo a maid brought forth a Son with two Heads, Anno The Artificiall Changlingi 33 “ £ Anno Domini ooi there was a Boy Borne that L was double Headed. dig. An. 3 S3*. Anno 1 5 5 2 in Hajfta three dayes after the Feaft u f ( . r T> of the three Kings or Twelith-Tide there was a folio obfe- Mafculine Infant borne with two Heads:, a dou- \ ucnl * 4 ' . ble Neck, and with a Body very well compad LycoJ ' 1 ' pr0 ’ and agreeing with the other members. Anno 554 in the Village of Seyas, there was a Monflrous Boy Borne with two Heads, which Valeriola reports from the Teftimonie of Men of ValerioU loc. Credit who were Spectators and Eye witneffes cm ‘ llb - l - ca Pa$ of this Prodigie. Cicero fpeaks of a Girle Borne with two Heads* cicero de-divi- About the Yeare of our Lord 141 3 .On the 9 th of the Calends of Aprill, there was a Girle Borne'in J»naf, Bejorum Sanders- Dr ojf with two Heads. llb ' 7 ' Anno 1544 in the Month of January there cardan de v*,* was a Female Childe Borne with two Heads, in net - l ib>i\.cap. all other things reprefenting one Body. Anno 1487 at Pat avia there was an Infant Lkoftb.iib. Borne, in whom befides this Capitall luxurie^ 0 ^* there was nothing uncomely to behold. Anno 153 6 at Lovane there was an Infant Gemma iib.x.c. Borne with two Heads. 64 And in the memory of Pcucems there was Peucems Ttr&- a Child feen in Hajjia , the fift of the Ides^f* 440 ; of January Anno 440 with two Heads re- F ‘ u e avt,ja ' fleded towards the Back, whofe Faces be- ing obverfe beheld one another with a frow- ning countenance. Anno 1553 in a certaine village of Mipnia^ lytojlh.prodl called Zichejtj not far from Pirnauu , there was an Infant Borne with two Heads, being abfo- G 2 lute Bicipites,’ Rabbi Mo r es panic. 14 A- phtrifm . Lycofl.lib. predig. jiventinus lib. y annul. Rojo- rum. 34 Man Transform d : O r, lute in all the other Members. The apparition of thefe Monftrous Men was ever held prodigious: Porphirm faith that over the Land oi Sicil/e there happened a great E- clipie, and that Yeare the'' Women of that Region brought forth deformed Sor.ns having two Heads. h Anno Domini 1104 there* were monftrous Births brought forth, Cattell and Men Borne with two Heads. Alter Clement the third was driven out of the City, among other prodi- sks there were alfo Monftrous Births, Men Borne with two Heads. But wee mu ft know above all things , that thefe apparitions that he contrarie to Nature , happen not without the providence of Almighty God , hut for the punijhing and admonishing of Me n-> thefe things ly his juft judgment are often permitted , not hut that Man hath a great hand in thefe mon- ftrofities: for , inordinate Luft is drawn in as a Caufe of thefe Event s, whereby the feed of Man is made weak and unperfeB , whence the produBions there- of mufi necefjarily prove weake and imp erf eB^ for from a precedent defeB in the feed^ it is a corf °qence that theiftuemuft he defeBive , and on the contrarie , if the feed he fuperfluous , out of a fuperfluous a fu- perfluous is begot^as any one may eafily colleB. Now to vindicate the regular beauty and ho- nefty of Nature from the depravations of Art, we fay that theHead,when free from any irregu- larity of Natirre or mifehievous endeavours of Arc, it obtaines its Naturall Figure ; by the tefti- mony of Galen it refembles a Spheare, but ob- The Artifimll Cbangling. 35 ™ »“f c . long, the parts a- Bout the Temples a little deprefTed on both Tides 3 and when it obferv’s its ligitimate magni- tude, it anfvvers with its length , which is from the end of the Chin to theCrownc of the Head 5 the fixth part of the whole Body : That the parts alfo fhould agree among themfelves, it requires foure equall lines 3 the firft is that which they call the line of the Face, and reacheth from the bottom of the Chin to the top of the Fore- head3 the other is that which \Vee call the occi- pitiall line, and it is drawn from the top of the Head to the firft Vertebre of the Neck 3 the third is of the Forehead, running out from one Temple to the other3 Laftly, the fourth led on from the bottom of the Eare (in which place the mammillary proceffe is ) to the higheft part of the Synciput: Thefe foure lines if they be re- ciprocally equall, the Head is called proportio- nate3 but if they have declined to any inequa- lity, they arefaid to recede fo much from their juft and naturall conftitution,as they draw nearer to that. For of thefe lines, if that of the Face be longer, the Head is called long, but if fhor- ter it fhall be called fhort. If the line of the G 3 Fore- ' true Figure. 2 & 1\ / 1a \n 1 ransfbm d: Or, GrtOVS ' . , .. { . , , Forehead exceed the reft in length, it makes a broad Head ; if that of the Occipitium tranfgreffe its bounds, the Head is acuminate ; if all be e- quail; the Head proves round andNaturall, If they be all uncquall, or fome or more, from thence arileth that forme of the Head, which with Hippocrates and Galen is called pofoi/; So that there are fome Heads long, fome broad, fome acuminate, and fome round 3 and others ?<>£*. So sp’&a. dnnat. gpigelim. All commonly fafhioned by the pragmaticall endeavours of the Midwives and Nurfes in every Region : but becaufe many Phy- fitians and Anatomifts have queftioned chepro- prietie that our Sugar-loafe-like headed Gal- lants have in the word the fame alfo are tguKopaAoi, %/yox,i£«■« of Galen, and that therefore it ought not to be rendered acutum or acuminatum 5 but depravatum , that it might be rightly oppofed unto the Natu- rall : Yet Hof manna* is for the firft verfion 5 for . lince ro pofoj by the confeffion of Fallopius himfelf is oppofed to t an&ptimi, fthe word which Galen feth to expreffe the very Naturall Figure of the Head) who fees not (faith hej that the Head ceafethto be *ewr\Mfvblongum, and thereby to be made acute or acuminate when either or both the Eminencies perifh ? and if Galen extend the word more largely to thofe who have the Emi- nencies^. rucRgui. 38 MmTramformd: Or, ncncies protuberacing beyond the Naturall pro- portion, that ought not co evert the proper iig- niiication received of all Authors } therefore is properly he who hath an acuminate Head, fuch a one as he thinks the Latines call Chilo- Bauhm ,/tm nem:) an d which Bauhirm accounts for a fifth Fi- 1 gure of the Head contrived by Art. But it appears plainly, that to wit, if h era ollonga-) not prolongs as tome interpret it? (which Galen feems to point to as it were with the Finger, where he cals it Jpheram quafi comprejj am ) which you muft conceive about the Eares and the Temples) is the onely Naturall Figure of the Head, which when Columbus denies, affirming all Figures of the Head to be equally Naturall, he doth nothing} for, this is Naturall which is for the moft part } which alfo is moft commodious to the Adtions of Nature ; But fuch is the Fi- gure which Galen-> out of Hippocrates , fayes does conftitute the Naturall Figure? a fpheare not every where equall, but fuch a one as hath ca- vities and Eminencies. For, the beft Figure of the Head which is Naturall is affimilated to a fpheare gently compreffed on each fide, and whichisinthe Temples after a manner plaine, but in the fore-part and hinder part is more pro- minent then in a Sphcare } yet it more prolife- rates in this, then that , in the Crown it obferves the convexity of a Spheare: they therefore who chance to have fuch a Head with a decent mag- nitude? they enjoy a vigorous alacritic of fenfes, and are endowed with a good ftrength of Body. But why this laterall compreffion fhould be the moft T be ArtificiaU Changling. 39 molt proper and Naturall Figure of the Head, that the fore-part and hinder parts thereby are made more gibbous, and the finallcaufe thereof ought to be enquired. Avicens opinion is, that although the skull be Aricen. round, yet it is oblong made in length? becaufe theoriginall of the Nerves are difpofed from the Brain in longitude, and therefore it was fit they (hould not be ftreighened, and it hath two Emi- nencies 3 one before and another behinde? that the Nerves might defeend, which defeend to the front and the Nucha. Zomrdw well notes that the Head hath fuch a Zonardu* Globous roundneffe, which on both fidesisfom- whatplaine, in the Anterior part itisfomewhat acute and elevated? and that to retaine the Ven- tricle of the Braine in the fore- deck of the Head? out of which the Nerves which caufe the five Senfes proceed, and after the fame manner?it is a little elevated in the hinder part for the reception of the Ventricle in the fterne or hinder deck, from whence the fpondible Marrow and the Nerves which procure voluntary motion arife. Hugo Senenps (aith?this manner of compreffion Hugo Seaen was contrived for the better diftinguifhing of the fo. places from whence it was opportune the Nerves (hould arife? which would not have been well diftinguifhed if the Head had been exactly round. Secondly, becaufe the former and hinder Ventri- cle ought to have a greater cavity then the mid- dle? and becaufe the middle Ventricle ought to be a way from one to the reft 3 therefore it was needfary, that the Anterior and Pofterior parts / H (hould The He ids true Figure. Tlchol.praleft' Aiwt'ltb.'ii AntoniusUl- imus 3 defin.Btr- 4° Man Transform'd: O k, fhould have an Eminency. Archangels Picholo- menm thinks, the Braine is lightly depreffied on each fide, and a little exporre£ted in length for the foremoft V entricles fake, made hollow in it? which appearesto be oblong, to whofe hinder part the third Ventricle adheares,and to the third the fourth : wherefore a Brain not perfectly Glo- bous, but gently compreffed on each fide and lightly protended in length, was convenient for the Ventricles. Antenim vlmw to thefe true opinions of the . Ancients hath thought of another end of this Fi- gure of the Head, which is confirmed by the teftimony of fence? who is of opinion that the i/cad was laterally compreffed for the Eies-fake, to wit? the better to promote the action of the Eie? whofe adtion is then better when it exifts more free. Now the Head compreffed, the Eie is enlarged to the feeing of things backward to the right and left hand j and although not fimply to the univerfall fpace of a circular vifion, yet at leaft to fome portion of the fame. Men may know the truth of this if they firft try it in the Cephalicall comprelfion, ftanding with a ftiff Neck, and turning one Eie to the outward Angle, let them endeavour untill they perceive where the vifory Rayes doe come , in which experiment they had need have the place marked with fome notes Afterwards, remaining fixt in the fame place, and ftanding juft as in the fame experiment, he would have them by fome device to nave their Heads rotunded or rounded, that they may ob- tain a perfect fphericity, then let them turne the fame The Artificial 'l Ch angling. 4 1 S c ' l?gi£ fame Eie to the outward Angles and try to finds whereabout or how farr the Vifory Rayes reach the place formerly feen, and marking it with fome note 3 that done 5 let them confult with Sence, what portion of the place is hid from the very Eye by rotunditie of the Head $ tor, Sence will apparently teach, that in this Cephalicall cemprelfion to the fides? the Eyes more freely expatiate to the back parts 5 the gaining of which advantage he thinks to bethecaufe offuchcom- preflion. Having thus prefentcd the artificial! contrivan- ces of Mans Invention, pra&ifed on the Heads upon imaginary conceits of Beauty andgenero- fity, and difcovered the. inconveniences of fuch foolith and phantafticall devices, how deroga- torie they are to the honour and Majeftie of Na- ture and prejudiciall to her operations 5 and ha- ving fee down the Canon of Nature, for the true and proper Figure of the Heads with the ufes and finall caufe of fuch a fhapes which is the on- ly true and naturall forme of the Head 3 and ha- ving condemned them of the crime L*fa Majefta- tif 5 who have forced Art ( the ufuall Imitator of Nature ) to turne Prevaricator in humanity, wee cannot but commend thofe Nations who have been tender in this point of offering violence to Natures namely the Lacedemonians, whoieNur- fes had a certain manner of bringing up their Children without having any Croffe-cloaths, or any thing to left- the Naturall growth of the curgus. Head, but left nature free to her own courfe, which made their Heads better {hap d. The like H 2 modeft lo|g«*h«*4 2 ' Man Transform'd : O £ modeft acquiefcence in the wifdome of Nature, 1 fuppofe to be the reafon why the Smtz,e,s i/eads for the mold part are To conformable to the Canon and intention of Nature. I knew a Gentleman had divers fonns, and the Midwives and Nurfeshad with head-bands and brokings fo altered the Naturall mould of their Heads, that they proved Children of a very weak underftanding 5 his laft Sonn only, upon ad- vice given him, had no reftrainc impofea upon theNaturall growth of his Head, but was left free from the coercive power of head-bands and other Artificiall violence 5 whofeHcad although it were bigger, yet he had more VS’ it and under- ftanding then them all. Hitherto of thofe Nations who have tampered with the Figure of their Heads, and have labou- red to introduce a change and alteration in the moft Noble part of the Humane Fabrick. There be other Nations fit to be brought on this Stage, who ufe Art to alter the fubftance and temper of their Heads 5 For Blockheads and Logger- •punbas pHgr. heads are in requeft in Brafih and Helmets are of little ufe, every one having an Artificializcd Naturall Morian of his Head : for 3 the BraplUns Heads, fome of them, are as hard as the wood that growes in their Country, for they cannot be bro- ken, and they have them fohard, that ours in comparifon of theirs are like a Pompiom and when they will injure any white Man, they call him fofti Head, fo that hard-head and block- heads termes of reproach with us, attributed to them, would betaken for termes of Honour and The Artifictall Cbangling. 43 Gentleman-like qualifications. This property ^ they purchafed by Art, with going bare headed, which is a ccrtaine way to attaine unto the qua- lity of a Brafilian Chevalier , and to harden the tender Head of any Prifcian , beyond the feare ol breaking or needing the impertinent plaifter of predantick Mountebanks. The Indians of Hiffaniola, the skuls of their Heads are fo hard and thick, that the Spaniards dm.iib.sJe ' agreed, that the Head of an Indian, although bar effubtii. was not to be (truck for feare of breaking their Swords, which I fuppofe to happen through the fame Artifice. The Egyptians alfo are hard Heads 3 for, their Heads are fo hard, that a Stone can hardly break the skin 5 which they attaine unto by having their haire fhaved from their childhood 3 fo that the futures of their skuls grow firme and hard with the heat. Hence wee read 5 that in the Battailes that pafjed between the Egyptians and Perfians? Herodotus and divers others tooke jpeciall notice 3 that of f uch as lay flaine on the ground 3 the ^Egyptians skuls were without comparifonmuch harder then, the Perfians, by reafon thefegoe covered with Coyfes and T urbantSs and thofe from their Infancy ever fhaved and bare- headed. King Mafilniffa, the Emperour Severus? Caslar, and Hannibalfi in all weathers were wont Jo goe bare-headed\ and Plato for the better health and pref ervation of the Body , doth ear ne fly perf wade , that no Man fbould ever give the Head other cover then Nature had allotted it 3 And V arro is of opi- nion^ that when we were appointed to ft and bare- H 3 head Bloct-heads & <95 & nr ^ » » T Logger head*. 44 i ransjorm a: U r, head before the gods, or in the prefence of the M a- gijlrates , it was rather done for our health, and to in- ure and harden us againfi the injuries of the we a- ther , then in ref veil of reverence. And 1 fuppofe wee in this Kingdoms incur/ forne inconveniences by keeping our Heads fo warms as generally we doe , neither (/ believe ) doe Bralili- ans or ^Egyptians efcape the cffiftion of Head-aches-, for by this their Artifice, the futures grow together and be obliterated in them , as they are found to be many times in thofe who have fujjered incurable Head-aches, Hr angling Cathars, Apoplexes and other Alaladies, for no ether caufe then that their futures began to clofe,and their skuls to growfolid, the skull growing dry many times in young Men, tien as it is wont to doe by reafon of Age. A thing ufuall in hot Countries, as Celfus notes, and Parccus affrmes, that the Ethiopians, and Moores ,and thofe that in- habit the hot Regions 5 about the Meridian and E- yuinotliall, have their shuts harder, and parted with none or few f utures -, by which temper of their cli- mates and their concurring Artifice, they obtaine in- deed a notable def snce againfl outward injuries 3 more then the ordinary provifion of Nature doth affoord, but thereby they become more obnoxious to in - ter nail injuries, to wit, to thofe difeafes, which arife from the retention of fuliginous vapours, and their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivious, as the Indians of Hifpancola are noted to be. Celfus therefore is mifiaken, where he aff rmes their Heads to become thereby more firme and fafe from pain 5 but he more derogates from the juftice and wifdome of Nature, when he affrmes that the fewer futures The ArtifickU Changing. 45 E£KJ£ futures there be 3 the health of the Head is more there - ^ Ly accommodated , both which opinions of Ceifus, Fallopius very moderately expounds by way of difiin- c^^aiugwi fliony fayingjthat Ins opinion is partly true and part- cmmnt. 'm lib, ly falfe ; for if you under ft and him of thof ? affections ^ that have pain from an inter nail caufeghen itisfo farr that their Heads fhould not ake, that they ra- ther ake^ fince there are found many affeflions which arifefrom vapours and fmoak retained: but if we un- der ft and it of thof e griefs which may a? if e from long * abode under the Sun , or from the coldneffe of the ambient Aire > his opinion is modi true , becaufe fince there are no futures^there can be no tranfpiration of ext email aire hot or cold j theref ore hemufi be un- derflood of paines which proceed from an extrinfique caufe. But the other part of his opinion is not to be endured of thofe 3 who tender the reputation and ho- nour of Nature 5 Bor 3 Columbus from many moft Redid, colmb, cenaine arguments drawn from experience , and dif- r * f effions made upon the skuls of many men , {and which is more (l range and fcarce credible ) fome Women who have died of incurable Head-aches^ have been a[fu- red (finding in their skuls f mall f utures> and thofe conjoyned clofe together ) that their paines have been cccafioned from that too clofe compofition of bones ; and hath hence tooke a juft occafion to right Nature by this honourable conclufion 3 That the futures of the Head doe not only confrere to the defence of the Bodies health 5 but do conferr more unto it by how much the greater andloofer they fhall be. wherefore ( faith he) I could never approve of the opinion of Cornelius Celfus 5 averting that Heads without futures are not only rno ft ftrong and firme , but cap:s. LlgpSt 46 Mm T ram form’d : O r, but alfo free from all manner f crtefs, fuch as areto be found in hot and fcorchin g Regions , /or & i SCENE T he Artificial! Ch angling. 47 BaM patej: Scene II. Certaine Fajhions of Haire affeffed by divers Nations, and their opinions and praffife about Hair e-rites, mofi derogatory to the Honour of Nature * [e Arymphxi who dwell near Ravijiustx the Ryph^an Mountaines 3 Ha ' c that live under the roots of jc* Bohemus the high mountains in Scythia? are bald from their ^ mibusgmt'. Nativity both Men and W omen. The Miconii alfo are borne without Haire, and smbt lib, 10. baldnefie is lovely and Nationall to thenwhere- I fore Bald pate#. ^"'ndfchoten. Hb,i.caj)>i6‘ Grimflone of sbeir manners. St.John Man- devils Travels **P-S *•' Montaigne# EflkUh 4

50 Man Tr'am form'd : O r, plenty of blood exhanfted, to wit , that from whence Haim, and wherewith the Braine and the circum- fiant parts are nounfhed. 7 he prime cndtbercfort of tbe HaireoftbeHeadis to defend the skin, the fecond u[e is to defend the Braine friin injuries from without , or from within . From without there may happen to fall upon it Aire , Paine, Haile • from within, Va- pours , exhaling from the inferior parts, may prove trouble feme. The Aire may hurt the Head many mates , bycoldneffe conftipating the Peres of the skin, whence theregrejfe of Vapours is exhibited', by heat , whence the spirits are difsipated and the Braine as it were fid-, by moiftnefe, relaxing the inter nail parts-, by drinejfe,a(l ringing all , ind confirming the innate hv- miditie : again ft all thefi inconveniences ( 1 which the fooltfb malice of thefi Men bring upon their Heads ) the Halre by covering the Head doth very aptly bring relief e . Paine meiflens , Haile [mites on it • the denfity of the Halre keeps off one, the other the duttus 1 or courfi of the Haire turns away ; for the thickneffc of the Hair t admits not eafily of Paine, and the turnings of the Halre doeflraightway c oft off the Haile that fats upon the Head. In like manner they abate the force of inter nail Contingencies, for they ajfoord a pajfage to Va- pours, elevated fromt he inferior parts, and afe ending to the top of the Head, granting a fret and open way mtothern. ^dnd fince the Braine is fevered fo farr from the Fount aine of heat, and confining [oncer the Pones, and under them fenced with no fat, tbefe HairesproteH and war me it. They therefore that cut them wholly away, dot not only bring a deformitie up- on Nature, but affoord an occafton to defluxions. Weemuft avert (then) frpm Nature theft calumnies of the The Artificial} C ft angling. 5 1 ^ o^rc? 1 t be opinions and practices of Men '.That no Haire is ne~ cejfary or comely in c Man • T hat Haires are a purga- mentoftht Body altogether unprofitable, growing on- ly that they may he Jhaved, being made by Nature to doe nothing : and recommend thefe Cofmetiques as laudable , which preferve Haire for the ufe and in ten - tien of Nature, condemning all thefe wayes of decal- vatton praftifed by the Ancients to the prejudice of Nature, nothing but the rigid law of inexorable ne~ cefsity 3 in cafe of difeafes, being able to excufe Man for introducing upon himfelfe a voluntary baldneffe, fha- vin? {generally fpeaktng) being fervile, ridiculous , and proper to F odes and Knaves, an infamous blot of effeminacy, an index of ignominy, calamitie and dam- mage, uncomely, becaufe allied unto depiled baldneffe, being in foot h a voluntary fpontaneons } avd wilfull bald- neffe ; jhaving off the Head unto the quick, being from all antiquity appropriated unto Fooles, being proper in ■ them tofignifie the utter deprivation of Wit and un- der /landing, and at firfl began in mockery and to move laughter $ not to mention how repugnant it is to divine writ, it is apparently ajhame and adifgrace put upon Nature , and the reproach, as an indelible Char after of infamy, cleaves unto the memory of him who bearesthe Njme 0/Corfes, for being the fir ft who fuffered the Haire of his Head to be fbaved. His wit ( therefore ) was ajfefted with a ffamefud and impious Itch, who fcratcht his Head for fuch s a Paradox aspraifed bald- neffe j Sinefius by Name, who therein jhewed more Wit then Hone fly • for becaufe Dion had juft ly commenced a buff of Hatre, he forfooth on the contrary , would take upon him to commend baldneffe. T hat the Haire is 4 Ifaturall Ornament, all Allegoric all Authors / 3 have The Natural! r D : gn; ofHair, Herodoi. Pur- ehas Pllgr.z . lib. \o, ldem~p\lgr, %, lib, •>. Idem Viler \ i. lib.7 , Jeremiah 48 . tap. 37. Munfler Cof- mograph. lib, 6, wp. 38. 5 3 7 rans form'd : O r 5 fignif cantly maintained , and that the depra- vation and voluntary al fence thereof is a llcmifh and introduced) an af peel of humiliation : mojl Nations have ly their practice afferted 3 and therein given their fuff rage to the Naturall cornel in effe thereof, Amongft the Indians the Kin 7 caufeth the Haire of the great ef Male jailors to he cut 3 thinking that to he thegreateft reproach and punishment. The Per fans and the Canary ns Women, cut their Haire at the Funerall of their Friends. The People of Brafil and Southerne parts of A- merica , although when they are angry they let their Haire grow long, when they mourne they cut it. In Pegu-, Men and W©men that be neer akin, {have their Heads in figne of mourning. And baldneff e 3 andafhaved Head 3 were pr ailic all tokens of mourning among the Jews, The Egyptians onely who have many ftrange cuftoms contrary to Nature, whereas moft mor- tals in Funerals fhave their Heads and let their Beards grow long, they on the contrary let their Haire grow long and fhave their Beards. The The Artificial! Ch angling. ^ _ Pfoantaflicall S Tonfures. Brufon. facet. l‘b. 7, The A L antes or EuhoenfuinsC as the Brazilians do now to the Crown ) were wont to fhave the forepart of their Heads , and were the firft that ufed this kind of barbing *, which was aifo ufed by the off-fpring of The feus j the Cure- tes (that is to fay, clipped ) of the Greek word Ccu- ra 3 which fignifi.es clipping, and the Mtolians did the like 5 they of the Region Quicuri , ana other Weft- fndiansdo the like. The ancient Gauls^ faith Sydon. Apol. weare their Haire long before , and all the hinder part of the Head fhaven.A Fafhion Montaigne which our wanton Youths, and effeminate Gal- £ ^ 4? * lants (faith Montaigne ) have lately renewed, and in this new fangled fond doting age brought up againe, with wearing of long dangling Locks before. Eare-locks being alfo a peftilent cu -decadj. Rome M*d Shavers* 54 Mm T rans firm'd : O r, ^ fome, as Petrus Martyr obferves, in the Province of Dubaro in the Weft- Indies. Brufon, Facet. S The M axles wcare their Haire long on the right fide of theirHead, and fhave the left fide. They of the Cape of Good Hope> fome {have one fide of their Headsj and. leave the other curled and long. The inhabitants of S. Croix of the Mount, their Heads are (haven bare on either fide, having a tuft of Haire in the midft : fome (have but one halfe, ei- ther on the right fide or on the left) and moft of them round about, fuf- fering the Haire to grow in the midft. they fay they received this cuftome from one Pai- eume. Stpt. Smiths' 1 Mlh of Virginia* The Safquefahanoughs, a Giant-like People of Virginia , weare their Haire on the one fide long, trie T be Artificiall Cbangling. 5 5 the other fhort and clofe, with a ridge over their Crownes like a Cocks combe. The Tartarians commonly {have the back part of their Heads, and let the other grow long, which they tie b< hinde their Eare not onely the Ta tartans are fha\ 7 ' after this manne but alfo fuch as g( to remaine in the Coun-try. The Dacians fha the crowne of the Head, buffering tl Haire to grow m t. middle, clipping here and there orbe. “ Although thefe Men deprive themj elves in a man- ner of haffe the bene ft intended them by Nature , yet fome of them did it not out of any malice to Nature : for whereas they had before- time much Haire upon their Fore-heads > and the Enemy taking occafon thereby to lay hold on them the more eafily? they fhaVed thetnfclves before , and kept their Haire long behind. But the ancient Gaules had no fuch colourable ex- cufe , but they remained as they ufe to paint oppor- tunity. Eronte capillata? pofteft occalio calva. And if the Maxies and the inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope offer no affront to Nature in (having one halfeof their Heads , and letting the K other Mad Shaver* Grmflme tf their m trims. Bruftn. facet* lib. 7: Pet. Mart Ud,s, de £iiircd| ri: <6 Man Transform'd: O r, ^ other grove , David was very impertinently angry with Hanun for ferving his Am baff adors after that manner , and they needed not to have {laid at Jeri- cho untill their H dire was grown. And Demoit be- nts might have walked abroad without reproach , when he had thus {hailed his Head , that for fhame of being feeninfo deforming a Garb of Haire , he might keep the clefer unto his fludy. Neither are )our Catch - Foies thus fhaved at the Inns of Court , any way ill intreated. They of the Region Quicurd in the tVeff I ndies ; the Women ufe to cut their Haire, but the Men let it grow behinde, which they binde up with fillets and winde it in fundry rols, as our Maides are accu Homed to doe. The Women the Naturall Inhabitants of Vir- ginia are cut in many Fafhions agreeable to their Y eares? but ever fome part remaineth long. capt. Smihs j n yj ew £ n gl Anc [ among the Native Inhabi- Engimd. tains, when a Maid is Married, fhee cutteth her Haire and keeps her Head covered? untill it be growne again. Pet. Mnrt.de- The ihicoranes nourilli their black Haire down Hitrm Giravx t0 t ^ c ^ r Girdles, and the Women in longer traces cofmograpb. round about them, both Sexes tie up their Hair. In China the Men as well as the Women doe^ weare long Haire, rolling it up upon the top ol their Heads, which they fallen with a filver pin. In Peru the Men weare long Haire which they binde up with fillets. The Br amines never cut their Haire? but weare it long? and turned up as the Women doe. The Quieteves Haire-Fafhion is in homes, moc- king Cap S r,iths uffl.of Vir- ginia. Magin,ltidor. M agin. Ame- rica, Lindfcboten , Pwrcbas pilgr. *. lib, f. The Artificiall Ehangling. 57 J 2 S“^ king them, that want them as Women $ for as the Males have homes, which the Female Bead 5 want, fo thefe falvage Beads alfo. The Quieteves haveaFafhion none may imitate, lour homes, one of a Ipan long on the mould of the Head like a Unicorne , and three of halfe a fpan, one on the Neck, at each Eare another, all upright Pet. Mart, ft- tad. 1 to the top. The Cyguanians have their long Haire wreathed and rolled after a Thoufand Fafhi- ons. In Savoy? Dau- pbine, and Langue- dock , about the AlpeS) both Men and Women wear longHairej where- ^ upon a part of France was called Comata. D. Junius the reverend Pador of Delphi doth ReV m de u f u witnedb that in an Idand called the Beautifull I- cafiUw Plin.Kal,Hip lib. 1 1 . Hand, the Men wore their Haire as long as Wo- men} which they had much ad oe to make them leave off. Whereby you may fee it is true what Hi me afdrmes, that Men by the Donation of Na- ture, have as long Haire on their Head as Wo- men) if they let it grow and ne’recut it. The Haire in a more fpeciall manner was given Woman for a covering. In all kind of Creatures)and K 2 ' in, ■£****“■ 5 8 Man Transform'd : Or, in every fexe Nature hath placed fome note of diffe- rence? And the judgment of Nature is no nay ambi- . guous?where (he hath granted by a peculiar indulgence? as an Ornament and beauty? the increase of long Haire? even down unto the Feet : Nature having allowed them in recompenc* of their fmoothnefj e and want of a Beard) prohxe Haire? which ufe hath rol- led up? a cuftome [owe feeme too ftriBly to urge? who will net allow tVomen to have Haire hanging downe ly their Cheeks?but all to be bound up ana hid. Certainely fuch a dependant part by it Jelfe? of its ' own Nature? is not contrary to the Law of Nature? or unlawful/? neither is it intrinfically evill? fo that it can never be honeft for? poiitis ponendis, it may Hand with the honejly of Nature?and the mo defy of a Chriftian Woman. But for a Woman to be f borne , is cleerly again H the intention of Nature: in fuf- frage to wl.ith truth? the Germans and ancient Gaules thought there could no greater puniffment be inflifted upon a Woman for -adultery? then to cut her Haire? and toturneher fo dif ? race fully out of doors (deprived of the peculiar Ornament of her fex.) It is noted alfo?th at that Confult of the Senate of Athens, upon occafion of their Army which perifhedin ^Egi- na 3 was again fl the Law of Nature ? which comman- ded Men to nourifh their Haire? and the Women to cut theirs. And no lejje defpight againfl Nature? fhewed Ariftodemus the Tyrant of Cumana? when he commanded all the Virgins to be trimmd round. For Men to nourifh long Haire is quite contrary to the intention of Nature? even ly the judgment of St. Paul. Doth not Nature ( faith he) teach you? that long Haire in a Ma n is a fhame ? ’Tis true, our common I „ ' . The Artificidll Changling. 5 9 fffil Regu atnmon parent nature hath planted the H eadythe tow- er of Reason and the Senfes y and the principle Sandu- ary of the faculty of the Souly with a fruitful! grove of Haire , partly that they ficould imbibe the afflux of fubrepent humours , partly that this covering might be ufefull against the injuries of Aire , and the (lings of infedS'pyet floe would not as it were by an irref ragable Edift , efiaihfij afempiternall and unrefrained per- miffion , to the luxune of H air e^ but made it lawful l for us to cut it according to our arbitrement, and to revoke that fuperfiuous and recrementitious off- ffriing of Haire to a ju(l moderation : and as we prune luxurious Hines , fo wee may take away and freely coerce that improfcuous matter of Haire ; - nourifji ng of extraordinarie long Haire.) having been ever infamous to Men in all ages-, and Ton fur e comely y hecefary to the trimming of the Body, pro - per , healthfully and honorifi que, an argument of virility to a f ree and politique Creature as Man is • for to whatufeor purpofe fhould that fuperfiuous crop of Haire ferve ? or what emolument it can bring none canfee,unleffe it be to breed Lice and Danclr 0, after the manner ofycwr hi(h' y who as they are a Nation eftran- ged from any humane excellency, fcarce acknowledge any other ufe of their Haire then to wipe their hands , from the fat and dirt of their me ales , and any other filth, for which caufe they nourifh long fe alt locks, hanging down to their Shoulders , which they are wont to ufe in fie ad of Napkins to wipe their greafie Lingers. The Getce alfo and Barb'rous Indians, are condemned for never cutting nor regulating their Haire , as fuffering themf elves to enter into a nearer alliance with Beafls then ever Nature intended, who K 3 hath. The Haire Regulated. Man Transform'd: O r, hath made A fan morefmooth and nothingfo hairy as they are . For Man therefore to we are Haire fo long as it may ferve for a covering, as Womans Haire is, was never intended to be allowed hy Nature : [race Juch H airemay fomewhat hinder the actions of com- mon life, which the Nazarites, who cut not their Haire, feeing and knowing by ferfe, they not only converted their Haire unto the fides, but turned them behind their Ears) and to the hinder parts of the Head, by that meanes [paring their Haire, and mee- ting with the inconvenience which may happen to the addon of the Eye a.-d Organ of the Eare, if they be covered with Haire. which parting of the Haire occafoned that difcermng Organ, [earn or Middle way , which appears fo commonly in Women, being not a Naturall , but an artifciall line of diftinftion, becauf e made by Art, although for a Naturall end , fuch as are the Altions of the f aid Eyes and Eares. And in troth) if wee examine the matter more fully) to what end, fhould wee either mingle or change the cufiome , . or the feyne firing variance of virile Nature with Feminine, that one Sex cannot be known or clifiinguifljed from another? for , wee that wee may be no lefe differing in our trimming and Ornament , then we are in Sex , doe cut our Haire, neither is there anymore Reafonthat we fljould counterfeit Women then they Men •, None can deny but that both have been accounted a fjjame- full reproach. Diogenes, to one with curled long Haire, asking a quefiion, denied to anfwer, untill he was af certained whether he was a Man or a Wo- man ; But the maine Quarrels, what long Haire it is that is repugnant to Nature, againdk her Law, and againft, above , or befde the Naturall ufe, and T he Artificial! Changling. 6 1 gui n a « r d c . Re * a^ainfl the order of Nature } which very Beajls oh- ferve 3 and which turnes to the Bammagtof the ufer, which is nothing e/fe, then to he (Irange from the end for which Haire was given to CMan 5 whether the Haire of Man ought to be any longer , then hurtly to cover the skuf or whether they [houid be allowed i which touch not the Cranium and are not intheHead i hut notably defend below theskul , and can bring no relief e to the Head , and whether fuch Haire can be ei- ther benefit comely , or full of M a je fly ? Some think that (Jed hath delineated the bounds of the Haire about the Forehead , and that ftnce the bounds artfo Graphi- cally ftruck out as it were with a paire of Compares , therefore it is not lawfttll to tranfgrejfe thefe bounds : Which doth not follow 5 for by the fame rule , Women are to be Jhorne , ftnce they have (originally) tbofe de- termined bounds of the Haire 3 which are called by our Barbers the Normal Angles ; Becaufe the Bones are delineated where they a*ife 3 t her fore Jlsould they run out no further > Nature- hath determined the place whence the Nerves arife , ought they not therefore to fpread over the Body 3 but be cut off there where they arife? It is no good argument from the bound of a things ri- fing j to the bound of its progreffe, Andthe Haire was not only intended to cover and warm the skuf for it may cover the Temples and the Neck 3 becaufe there are mo(l thin Bones j 7 his is the principle of the Nerves which fpread themfelves over the whole B&dy 3 and art cold by Nature , therefore by the Counfell of the befl Phyfitians, thefe parts are to be covered with the Haire ; They therefore who would have us believe that the Haire Jhould defend no lower then the Fares s and which tranfc end thefe limit s } fhwld cotnumdioufly de- Jfight Si'S. 6 2 Mm T ram formd : Or, flight Nature, at havingfo much ititrinfique malice in it as cannot ft and with innocencie , had need prove that Adam had fcijjers, and cut his Haire in Para- dise. They are yet more fevere , who would haz e it againfl the Law of Nature , to weare Haire below the skul j for there isf owe difference between Nature and the law of Nature : The Law of Nature is that 5 which by reafonof Ratio nail Nature is common to all Men among themf elves, which is written in the Hearts of : all Men 3 according to which they a'ccufe or excufe themf elves. They are not of the Law of Nature which many Nations never had , nor have notice of it muft be known to all Men 5 Some think this Law is writ- ten in all Mens Hearts , explicit ely as to feme things , implicitely as to others , and we fhall not charge all Nations of Malice or wilfull tranfgreffion a gain ft ■ the law of Nature, who nourifh Haire befides the in- ■ tention of Nature , fnce there are many conclufons ' which are of the law of Nature, which are not known to all Aden. To conclude, Haire long or fhort, thick j! or thin-> more or lefje , is a matter of indifferency ; r wherein there is a variety incident according to the diverfny of complexions, ages, feafons of the Teare, Climates or places of habitation, difeafes or health: !| the prolixity or brevity whereof wee c annoy pofitively 1 determine. Upon pretence of their hot Climate-) the Turks call fuch as weare long Haire on their Heads, flovens, and account them Salvage Beafts, for they themf elves weare no Haire at all upon their Heads, we in colder climates are bound by a principle of Na- tural/ p rad if ? and conveniency 3 to reduce our Tonfure to a juft moderation and decency ; wherein fome re- gard muft be had to cu(tcme> which is the rule of de- corum : The Jrtificiall Changling. 63 K”"" corum for be doth that rthicb ts ridiculous 5 and lej] e honefi and convenient) who offends againfi Cuftome , which is the Rule of Decency > who being fingular , is Poled and clef el) cut among thefe who we are abujh , or bufhie among thef ? who are Poled. The Maldives , efteem black Haire a great Beauty 5 and make it come fo by Art, by conti- nuall (having, keeping their Heads ("haven untill eight or nine years,they (have them from 8 dayes to 8 dayes, which makes the Haire very black. The Turks have a black powder made of a Mi- neral! called Alcohole, with which tir.&ure they ufe to colour the Haire of their Heads and Beards black. And divers with us that are grow r n Lord Bacoa gray 5 and yet would appeare young, finde meanes to make their Haires black by combing vtch it (as they fay) with a leaden combe, or the like. Verily the Art Cofmetique refufeth to ac- commodate any in this bufinelfe, it being not to be attempted by Art, fince Naturall white- nelfe of aged Haires is rather an Ornament then a fhame unto the Head; and therefore (ince gray- ne(Te 3 as it cannot be amended, fo it ought not to be palliated with any Fucus,and he that alfaies to doe it is juftly derided, of whom Martial . Mentiru luv'enem tinHif'^Lentine, capilliS) Martial ./.y. Tamfubito corvus qui mo do c) gnus eras. Vdemlib.x Non omnes fall is > feit te Proferpina cantMi) EpW-99, * Perfonam capiti detrahet ilia tuo. Cana e(i bar ban tibi nigra eft coma n tinoere barbam-y Non potesn h fearing to ' e/fnare Men with their Hairfio luf after them fine e tfreyfeem'to in~ ft gate and provoke to lufl the very Divel) fhemf elves. which Hure- Anointers. Pm.has pilgr, idibij. Helyn Tern Uigur, 70 Man T rans form'd : O r, which may ferVe for a caveat to the frizeled and over powdered Gallants of our times-) left they pro- voke fomefuccubm , to give them an unlookt for vi- Jbation. The Aba fines let their Haire grow, which ferves them for an hat and Head tire 3 and for finer bravery they curie and anoint their Haire with butter, which fhcwes in the Sun like graffe in the morning dew; left their locks and curler ftiould. be d ifordered, when they goe to Bed> each one pitcheth a forke or cratch, a foot high in the ground, betwixt the homes whereof he repofeth his Neck, and flccpeth with his Head hanging. The Jeff amine Butter with which our Gallants anoint their Haire, is a pretious inven- tion belonging to the fame vanitie. The Mani- congo Nobilitie for the greater Gallantrie anoint their Haire with the fat of Fifties which makes them ftink moft abominably. Heres Glorious Cofmetiques for our tender Gal- lants^ which would prove as pleafing to their ho(le- ricall Mi(trefjes, as the fweet AtomeS} which make fuch a Cirque of Olimpique duft upon their hoarie Shoulders. And to make a little bold with the hand- feme expreffion of a Gentleman , who , as I understand, could have been content my Booke by comming a little fooner to his hand 5 had afforded him the fame oppor- tunity. Our Gallants wittie noddles are put into fuch a pure modified trim , the diflocations of every Haire fo exaflly feh the whole bufh fo curioufly can- died , (and which is moft prodigious ) the naturall jet of feme of them, fo exalted into a perfeB azure, that their familiar friends have much adoe to own their Faces . The ArtificiallCb angling. 71 Faces. For b j their powdered Heads, you would take them tobe Meal-men.'Tis a great benefit of Natureto to have the liberty of a free tranfpiration , whereby through the curious emunffions of the pores, fhe doth con(lantly emilt and disburden hey felfe of fuperfiuous evaporations , which otherwife we may well think,ihof e fewer s being bloc kt and choakt up with that fweet ar- tificial! dufl, conglomerated into dirt , by the furious aHing of their fiery Braines, may in timediffdve in difiil/ations, and ( if not obfufcate their inventions 3 when they have a difpofition to court their A/ifirejJ es, with fome rare Piece of Pofie J find a paffage to their Lungs, and cacexicate their pretty Corpufculums, if not in time make way for a Confumption. And befides the oppilation of thofe invifille perforations, through which Nature is wont to wire-draw [pare humours into a fine excrefcency for a fupplem entail hand fome Ornament, it is to be doubted the old flock too, by vici- nity after a while, grow putrid and fall away, and then they will either looke 'like pill’d EweSj or elf ? muff put on a beafily thing call'd a Pernwigg , and make their Friends put a worfe interpretation upo^n the matter, then there may be cauf e- 5 indeed one ad- vantage they may happily have by this artifice^ that by often f seating and new dredging their Heads, for recruit , in jhort time their Heads may grow fowell fiocktin fix footed Cattell , that they need not be to feek at any time of a medicine for the Jaundies. Frizling and curling of Haire with hot Irons, which was lately much in fafhion with us, an artificial affe&ation in imitation of a naturall buih of Haire, was in pra&ife among the Romans. M Cum Powdered Haire. J&Sta. 71 ManTraniform'd : Or Ovid^remed Cumgraciles ejjent , & 1 lanuginis inftar, *xo/e, Heu mala vexatrf quanta tulere com x J Quarn fe pr&buerat jerro pati enter C7 igni / Vtperet torto Nexilis orle fimu. Clamalamf celm eft , iftcs fee lut urere crines Sftpnte decent , ferrea parce tuo. in from ad. Seneca well obferved and cenfured this vanity : ' ; .icontrovtYj . ^ ^ n0V v held the accomplifhed Gallantry of our Youthj to frizle their Haire like Women, to fpeakewithan effeminate fmalneffe of voice, and in tenderneffe of Body to match them, and to bedeck themfelves with moft undecent trimming. But their extreame curiofity, in platting and fol- ding their Haire, he in another place moll lively defcribcs,and as fharply,but juftly reproves : how doe they chafe if the barber be never fo little neg- ligent, as if he were trimming a Woman.diow do th ey take on if any thing be lopped off their feaks or foretops , if any thing lie out of order, if eve- ry thing fall not even into their rings or curlesj which of thefe would not rather choofe, that the Bate whereof he is a member, thould be in com- buftion, then his Haire fhould be difplatted? who is not much more lolicitous of the grace of his Head, then of his health? who maketh not more account to be fine, then honeff ? Periwigs alfo have been an ancient vanity, and affumed by them, who were not well pleafed with Natures donative, for the Romans (as many Gallants among us) wore Haire which they bought in Bead of their own. 1 Jurat T be Artificial! Cbangling. 73 ^ r t «! gd bl14 Jurat capilloS'eJJe quos emitfuos Fa bulla, nunquid illa^Pauie^pejerat} V ahull a fwears 3 her Haire f which at a rate She bought)is hers,is {he forfwerne in that ? And this without any fhame they openly bought^ Fcemina procedit denftflimA crinibm emptis^ Proque Juts alios efficit Arte fuos 5 Nec pudor eft emifte palam ' - < Calvo turpius eft nihil comato 5 Then hufhie haldnejje nothing is wore deformed . Martial, M,i; EfV' 7t M SCENE v heads affected 74 Man Transform'd: O r, «rx\$ - J Scene 111. Frontall Fajhions ajfe&edby driers Nations . Ferrand« Ero- tomania. Montaigne in bis Effaces, He Mexicans judge thofe the ISft* moil beautilull that have little Foreheads, and where- as they fhave their Haire over all their Bodies befides, by Artificiall meanes, they labour to nourifh and make it grow only in their Fore- 1 heads^and it is to be fufpefted that the Matrons of DC Bry,H^, Secota in Florida by home fuch artifice have a ird. fhort Forehead. The late Fafhion generally ufed amongft us bath by Men and Women, of bringing down* the Haile .to cover the Forehead, and almoftto meet the Eye-brows, favour’d fomewhat of this affedfation. Nature hath circumscribed the whole / pace , wee call the Forehead , which beginning from the Eie- browSy afeends even to the forepart of the Head to- wards The Artificiall Ch angling. wards the eoronall future : which is the latitude of the Fore- head-, the longitude is frcm one of the Temples unto the o- ther towards the f u- ture, which extends to the foray l ones $0 which place the Hairs a/fo come-, fo that three parts of the front are houn- ded out with the Haire of the Head, the Eie-hrcws enclofmg the fourth : all which place Nature intended to he moveable i and void of Haire, {none Naturally growing therin ) hecauf e the uf * of the Hair is to cover , whereas the Forehead is fo much covered with Haire as we pleafe : to what end had Haires grown in the Forehead i which could not have been f uffered without prejudice to the Eies , whom they will have floadowed : to remove which objlacle , we fhould have (tood in need of continuall tonfure , which Nature provident- ly prevented , left our Body fjjould have perpetually made worke for us. ’ Tis true, that part in Bruits, which anfwers to the Forehead, is hairy ? yet is thought no way to hinder the off ion of their Eyes: but that may be in regard their Eyes are placed more to the fides then mens are-, and their prone afpeB makes it not fo inconve'nient,and therf ore we may with Hofman aske whether the ereB Figure of Man did not require fuch afmoothneff e and bare Forehead: the growing of Haire in fuch an infolitary place, M3 is _ _i Low Fore- / j head? affe&ed n ajwffsfted 76 Man T ransformd : O r, J5LV5 j s accounted and reckoned by Plater us for a deformity , fin ce a Urge fmootb Forehead is thought toaddfome- w hat to the bt-AHiy of the part. They thereforewho thus labour to remove the bound and Hair e- marks of Nature , to cloud the throne of Love and Honour , and the Imperiall feat and manfion place of Wif dome, placed in the front of Man, offer a groffe indignity and defpight unto Nature , and feeme to claime kindred of Cats, and Soives , who amon^ other hairy fronted A - rimals, have little and narrow Foreheads : And if N&utre jhould juftly anfwer them in their felly of fere ng their Hatre to a preternatural! dtfeent , and jire l ghtning their Foreheads more then is convenient, (asjhee fometimes doth) pee Jhould fend much craffe and excrementitious humours about the forepart of the Bra ne, which Jhould make their Faces more inelabo- rate 1 and confufcd : that in their little Foreheads, by * reafon of tegument of Hair e, and the humours in the forepart being leffe per frigerated then is fit, and heat agitating the humours , there jhould enfue fucb a mo- veable difpoftion, as jhould intercept and abate the purity of judication, which arc the common accidents of fucb Fftebeads 5 for , little Foreheads containt but fmal ventricles of the brain, whence the fpirits freight - seed and refletted, rife againe, Caupng a mobility of cogitation. Now it feemes to me (who am a little ena- bled by plodding on this argument , to fined out the a- bufvc fugge.ftions of the grand Enemy of Mankinde, who labours ad he can, to alter and deprave that part oft he Image of God, which remaints in the Fabriek of many that in the conformation of t heir Foreheads, they prevaricated two waits , either ly making their Fore- heads more angufi then is UatHrad i according to longitude The Artificial! Cbangling. 77 ESSa«i longitudeor according to latitude, cither by Jo cotnpref- fwg the skul and Temples equally on each fide , the Head was elongated from the forepart into the hinder part , and fo the Forehead Jlreightned more then was neceffary t and the decent longitude in t he hone failed : the other way was by laying the Hand above their In- fants Foreheads , fo, that the end of the Tola or Palme fell about the roots of the Hairt, and their fingers a- bovethe future Coronahs , fofirengly comprising the Bone , untill they freighted the Forehead and made it longer : in both which they offered great violence to Mature fin thus perverting the T{aturall forme of the Forehead. The Spanifh Wo- men feem to be fo extreamly affetted with a high Fore- head , and to account it fo tranfeendent a beauty , that they ex- tend the borders of the Forehead , beyond the naturall confines of the H air e, making the Synciput or fore- part of the Head all Forehead • for by a wonderfull invention and artifice, they take off the Hair a of the Synciput , and lay it bare, fo that it lies open in a larger extent , then the Forehead itfelfe . Which art of making a fair e Forehead, Ofwaldus Gabdhever! Gabelhover feems either to have learned of them, or they of him. The riighFare-' heads and Fjretops: i C/33V5. Spigelitu, 7 8 Man 7 Transform'd : O r, The Englifh commonly love a high Forehead, and the Midwives and Nurfes ufe much art and en- deavour by ftroa- king up their Foreheads and make the Fore- heads of Children to be faire and high, and we are now very lately returned from the pra&ife of clow- ding the Fore- head, with a pra?ci- pies of Haire, and tonourifh a fore- top which tends moft to the ad- vancement of the Forehead, and the glory of the coun- tenance. The Ruffians love a broad Forehead, and ufe art to have theirs fo 5 Their Faces being explai- ned and drawn out in their infancy, thereby to dired their Foreheads to grow in this forme. All endeavour to pervet t and alter the Nat ur all forme binding them hard with fillets to The Artificial! Ch angling. 79 form of the Forehead s is a diifaragement of Natures and any mutation wrought therein by Art implies a faults imperfeilion ; and privation, and the further the altered figure recedes from the Nat wall , the greater the afjetfed tranfgreffion of the Phancie is. But to f peake the truth , a broad fq uare Forehead , f 1 it be proportionate , is not a figure much different from the Naturall 5 And indeed to the Ruffians, who are of a f quare proportions for the mo(l parts broad, floor t , and thick , a bzoad Forehead which in a manner refembles a quadrangles may be fomewhac fuitaile. I call that a quadrangle broad Forehead , which is lon- ger in one parts and hath two oppofite fides eqpall, having right upper angles in the front ,- produced unto the Bones of the Temples s and ending in that part whenn the Anterior implantation of Temporal l Mufcles arifeth : which quadrangular figure frnce it hath two equall fides oppofite one unto the other , one of thefe greater fides of the quadrangle is above nigh to the Haire , the other oppofite unto its is defcribed in a right lines (Iretched about both the Eye-brows , and prot railed even unto the extreame parts of them : TheleJJer fides are thofe which are noted hyaline defcendmg by both the T empless and knittingin both the greater fides together , which figure is Platonic k-, for from fuch a broad Face and Forehead, Plato had his name, as Plutarch and N earchus report. The People of Syginnus, a City of JEgypt, ufe great care to have exporreded Foreheads. The I tdlianss for the moft part, doe much re- joyce in a prominent Forehead:) especially in the upper part of the Forehead, which isperpendi- , cularly oppofite unto the Nofe, wherein a cer- N taine BroadFore- held?. ^tomlncHt Fore- heads. So Man Transform d: Or, taine part of their Haire jets cut fo, that it let ms to re- f relent a certaine hillock, which they moil: affeft, thin- king it to be a lign of a valiant Man: infomuch that they who would feeme to be Valiant and Military Men,nou- rifh that part of the Haire, procu- ring it to encline upon their Foreheads? that it may fhew (being convex in the middle)a certaine gibbofite? as it were the lefifer part of a little ftoole-ball, which fafhion feems lately to be re- vived by fome of our Ladies. However this politick Nation may delude them - f elves with the opinion and praBifeof this errour ; yet there is nothing in this affeBed Fafhion that is very manly-, a round prominent Forehead with fuch a convexity , being rather feminine : nay-> hathfomem. what in it of the Forehead of an A jfe. Baldus would call fuch a Forehead elevated in the middle , feeming to repreft ?nt the lejj er half ? of a Spheare , a ridiculous monfer y being a preternaturall fgure> which cannot afford a good tvit> which is apajfon following the Naturall fate of the Head $ and if I fhould not charge them with tampering with the mould of their Fore - heads , ( as I think I jufly mighty) fince what ever any Nation affeBs as fafhionable> that they account moft T be Artificial ’l Changling. 8 1 ^'°”S mtl amiable and decent, and the Gallants trill have {if Nature dm* it them) by theprovocatiens of Art, (as that will dee it',) yet we mu [l accttfe them of a high Trefpajfe committed Again fl the Majefie of Natur^ in that by that laboured prominence of their Forehead, they apparently damnife Nature , in one of the mo f confiderable and important attions of the Eye , which is the fublime and contemplating afpeft thereof to Heaven, T o vindicate the, regular beauty and honefy of Nature 5j from thefe Plafique Impoflonjee fay, that a Forehead that keeps its Natural l magnitude , is one of the unifonsof the F dce,whofe longitude(which we mujl conceive of a right line defending perpendicularly) is the third part of the Face, and ought to anfwer the length of the Nofe-, fo that if wee compare it to the refit of the Face, it ought to have the proportion of a balfe part to a duple : its longitude alfo naturally is fuch, that the front is likewife in a duple proportion of one to two 3 you may conferre it with the gyre of the hinder part of the Head \ after this manner , let the occiput of a man well proportioned, be meafured with a thread, beginning at the part of the Temples, wherein the Hanes terminate the Forehead, and lea- ding it round in orb by the occiput 5 untill you end in the other part of the Temples , this thread will prove halfethe length , which is from both the Templet by the front and Synciput j this is the length of the Fore- head, andis to the circumference of the Occiput, under which thelafi venter of the braineis, and the begin- ning of the Afitr-braine, as one to two • and its altitude to the ref in like manner, andtothewhole Face, that it is its third, not etherwife alfo then it is the third part of the whole circumference of the Head. This N 2 Forehead Cloudy Fore- heads a ffefle 4 $-nx5 i VoiXA Pbyfi. Ogijib, z, ; 9 % Man Transform d: O k, Forehead is alf o called a great Forehead 3 if it be com- pared mth a Jem i /tile Forehead j and it appeared fo much the greater? the more it approach eth to a plain- nejfe? being neither globcus nor tuberous ? as the Forehead of Women, Boyesj or thofe which tranfpofeU beyond Nature by the violence of Art are . The reafon :vhy the Forehead fhould rather draw nigh to a certaine plainnejfe 3 then a concazitj or a convexity , is this ? for? that plainnejfe is a certaine meane between a convex and a concave figure. Now a front that is difpojed according to Nature ? acmes into a Natural! mediocrity , becaufe that conduceth mofl to the advantage of Man ? that he might be vigo- rous in fence and memory > which he cannot well exercife ? unleffe he have an out-jetty of the occiput? which could not be done unleffe the part of the Spheare oppofite unto it fljould be preffed together ? therefore it is fo framed that a plame Forehead is adjcynedto a tuberous occiput . The Scjtbyans ( contrary to the Bononians ? who for the moft part have very fmooth Forc- an one 3 doth not Scythice intueri . A contrivance cleane croffing the intention heads ) have all cloudy Foreheads, made on purpofe fo by art, and he that hath not fuch The Artificial} Cb angling. 83 S. 1 ”*. 11 ! 1 * Women are marked with certaine notes in the Forehead, which is accounted a kind of genero- 3 fi.ty, they - eftecming it an argument of lgnoble- ndfe to be without them. Among the Thracians falfo) tncie frontall cha- Panccroi./»v rafters were mod familiar, and eftcemed a great ude porceU ' enfi-gne ofHonour and Nobility. Cicero's phrafe Cicero lib.i . is, that they were notis compunBi^ and hence 6 ^ c ’ fuch marks were called Threici* not a : and ma- ny of the Indians are at this day of the fame opi- nion andpraftife. I remember to have feenin London, a well favoured Blackmore Boy, who had the mark of a barbed Arrow {landing in the midft of his Forehead. The penall lanes of fome Hates , have indeed in- The Samians were wont nf old The ingenious lohan.Bohenn N 3 fiiBed Spotted Fore- heads, Tuubas pltgr, z.libtlQ. Idem eodjib ,9. Lindfchot. /.I. Pet,Marr e dee. 1. 8 4 Man T r am form d : O ft, fatted upon- r unnegate Jlaves and Malefatters> at notes of Jlavery and inf amy , branded market on the Forehead 1 but for Men ingenious and free , to affett f uch (ligmaticali charattersy as notes of bravery , and Enjignes of Honour and Nobility , is a very fir ange p h ant afi call prevarication ; for-, Nature never in- tended the Forehead to be , Tanquam rafa Tabula, a farce blanke table of the affettions , and a plaine Index of the mind-j not to be charged nith cur artifciall cha- ratters , but the Naturall imprejfion of motion on- ly. The Br amines of Agra marke themfelv es in the Forehead, Hares and throat, with a kind of yellow gcare which they grinde? and every morning they doe it? and fo doe the Women. The Gentiles of Indoftan , Men and Women both? paint on their Foreheads, and other parts of their Faces, red or yellow fpots. The Gufaretes and Banianes of Cambaia , they weareaStarr upon their Forehead, which they rubb every morning with a litle white faunders tempered with Water, and three or four grains of Rice. The Malabars and Mefichos have alfo fome fuch Frontall cuftome. The Cyguanians are of a horrid afpedt, much like the People called Agathyrfis , of whom the Poet Virgill fpeakethj for they were all painted andfpotted with fundry colours, and efpecially with black and red, which they make of certain fruits nourifhed in their Gardens for the fame purpofe, with the juice whereof they paint themfelves from the Forehead even unto the knees? / The Artificiall Cbangling. 85 S! dFaK ' knees, which painting the Spaniard ufed as a ftratagem to take their King. The Relator faith^hat a Man would think them to he incarnate Divels , broke out of HeU-> they are fo like Hell-hounds. / ad jure they violate and impudently affront Nature , thus to objure the Naturall feat of fhame and mode(l bafhfulneffe with their painting l fo that the fiufhings of the Purple blood) which Na- ture fends up to releive the Front in the paffion of fhame , cannot fignif candy appeare in their Na- tive hue , SCENE Man T rans form'd: O r, ieetle-brawes affefted, G/36V5 Ex relatione amici ingcnioft. Montaigne in bis E fla ws. Scene IV. Eye-brow Kites , or the Eye-brows abus'd contrary to Nature , He Ruffian Ladies tie up their Foreheads fo ftrid with fillets, which they are ufed to from their Infancy, that they cannot move their Eye-browsj orufe any mo- tion 5 the meaner fort alfo affed it : the skin is fo ft rei- ned, that one would wonder how they could en- dure it, but they being ufed unto it from their infancy, it is eafie. what a plot have thefe Women upon Nature 5 thus to bind their Eye-brows to the ob- fervation of fo Uriel and unnaturall ajilence , to hin- der her in one of her mo(l fignifcant operations , and to exclude that part of the mind which uf eth to be ex- hibited by the Ef e-brows. Among fome Nations^ Beetle-brows are in fafhion : which is not only quite againfl Zeno’s Phi- lofophy , but againfl the ordinance of Nature 3 thus perverft dy Purchases tilgr, The Artificial! Cbaugling. 8y Forehead perverfely to joyn brows «ffe> whdmfhe hath fepa- rated. For this in - Q/vb \D tercilar [pact was intended by Nature to diftinguifh and divide the hairy ar- ches of the Eye , and to make good that laudable duplicityor Naturall fraternitie of the parts of the Face. In the Indies, the' Cumanans pluck off all the Haire of their Eye-brows, taking great pride, and unng much fu- perftition in that unnaturall depila- tion. In Nombre de Bi- os, the Women with a certaine Hearb, make the Haire of their Eye-brows fall off. ^ , . .. ( in Peru they ufe offerings in pulling off the p'j 10 ! 1 ** bl$ Haire of their Eye-brows, to offer unto the Sun. 1 &>tmage * The Brafilians ( alfo ) eradicate the Haire of their idem.etdm. Bye-brows. fhefe hairy extremities of the Forehead, theEye- O brows , Lindfcbotjhi, H .iters «f Hiirc u poH the Eye brows 83 Man Transform d: O r, brows.whoft e circurrr feription and fi- gures^ hew that they were wade for the Eyes f ak-\ and in- deed they doe corr f err much to the ho- nefiy of the Eyes were borne with us , the skin thereof be- ing hardest hat the Haires might be of equall number , and not increafe to too ■great a bulke-^which although they be equal! in length, number , and tbuknejje , yet lie not freight, but are produced oblique, in manner of a bended Bow or T riumphant Arch , according to the round - nejje of the Eye, that they might the better ca(l off any thing that comes againfl the Eye, which if they were fhorter, fewer, or thinner, they could not fo well defend the Eye: if on the contrary, they were longer and thicker, they would hinder the fight ; And therefore when they prone overgrown in old Men, by reafon of the relaxation of the couching toge- ther of the bone wherein they are planted, fo fuffering a tranfmijfion of the humours, thej Hand in need of clipping. Moreover, the Brows doe help the Eye-lids, and make faire the Face : For he that hath not his Browes hairy, is not comely. Behold here, what incon- veniences the defpightfull prevarication of feme Na- tions have brought upon them , who wilfully deprive themf elves ofthefe ufefull and comely Ornaments of - the T i be Artificial! Changling. S 9 ££j£T g “< the Cdce. For , robbing the Eyes of their Net weak Pent-koufe or water talks they expose them hare to imbrications. Prom the per petu all magnitude of thefe Haires, and de U T U thcfe of the Eyelids: Galen takes an occajion to de- ride Mofes and Epicurus, from which c alumni e ^ abi Mof - es Rabbie Mofes def ends him 3 and that very excel- m Apbo-riftn. lently 3 which place is worth the readings by thof e M © n canus who are curious , which argument they mayfinde dila- ^ted.pars,i. ted in Montanus and Hofmanus. Hofmanus ’Of old time, the Women when their Eye- comment in brows were long and broad, they made them nar- Gal .deufu row, fubtile, and archeds either with pincers or f arilutn ' Uo fcilfers? which artifice would not be approved of in Java Major , where to their little Eyes, they have great Eye-brows : and therefore no doubt nourifhed as in requeft. The » ickednefj e and mad - nefsof theG reeks and Romans, in this effeminate plucking and pul- ling of their bodies j andabufing it with depi latorieSywe wi l- lingly paJJ'e over , left I fhould abufe good Paper with fo foul narrations'. \ who lifts to heare of thef ? unmanly prac- tifes 3 may find mote then enough in Francifcus Junius. Fran, Junius This wee may fay with Galena thatfuch effeminate de(omca P'7* O 2 Men %-jt- brow painter?. 50 Man Transform d: O k, Men are to be pittied> who are fo averfe to the truth 5 that they know not they have aMind that they owe Culture to 5 rather then to the Bodie. The Women of old time, when the Haireof their Eye-brows were yellow or white, they black them with foot, as you may read in Tertul - lian , Plautus , AthenClemens Alexandrinus^nd others. And there Women did not blufh to have it known, that ufually they painted not their Faces onely, but their very Eye-brows. Ovidderem.' Scitis etindufta candorem queerer e cera •> Amor< Sanguine quae vero non rubet, Arte rubet. Artefupercilii conftnia nuda repletisi Parvaque fine eras velat alutagenas. Nec pudor eft oculos tenui fignare favilla , Velprope te nato hvideCydne croco. Marti all fpeaks of one whofe Face did not deep with hen but fhee did innuere with an Eye- brow) put on every morning.What this Fuligo or foot was) is not well explained by Authors 5 Mercurian*. Mercurialis thinkes it was that Fucus which by MM decorat. pH n j e is faid to have been called Callipleuronythe like Fucus made with coleduft, the Women of thefe times ufe for the fame purpofe. grimftome cf The Arabian Women have a certain black tk( " mm,s ' painting made of the fmoak of Gals and Saffron, with the which they paint their Eye-brows of a Triangular forme. The American Women doe with a certaine Fucus paint their Eye-brows, which they lay on. 7 he Artificiall Cbangling. on with a pencil! j a thing alfoufuall with French Wo- men who have lit- tle modefty. They of Candou Illand put a cer- taine blackneffe upon their Eye- brows. The T art man Women anoint their Eye-brows with a black oint- ment. The Turks have a black powder __ Triangular' V* and High ar- ched Eye- brows affe- fted. Purcbas Tllgl z.lib.9- Idem fUg. 3 ! libiii I,Bacon Nat. Hi ft. cent. 8. made of a Mine- rail called Alchole , with which they colour the Haire of their Eye- brows which they draw intoembow- ed Arches. I// MM The Women affed very much black Eye-browsj and likely they are naturally fo, if they be nots they die them into this hue by Arts made high and halfe Circular 5 and to meet if naturally they doe not. The regulating of the Haires of the Eje-brovps 0 3 when Eye-brew d vers, i/xy 9 1 Man Trans form d : Or, when they chance to grow out of orders and the re- ducing them with Pi /ft e/s orfcijjers to conformity , is hut aCofmetique elegancie . But this general! confpi- ration of all Nations to Hack them , when Nature hath produced them of another colour , / imewhat de- ft ruRive to the true knowledge of complexions, and pre- judicial! to the cautionary Art of Phyfiognomy , which Nature hathfo favour ally founded in the Face to an obfervers notable advantage^and even now,nhen this [beet was going into the prefje,an underflanding and dif creet Lady-, falling into dif tourf 'e of this vanity ,told mee-> fjjee knew a Gentlewomans, who being dif pie afed with the native colour of the Haire of her Head which was yellow , procured a water of a Phyfttian a- bout this Towne-, to die her Haire Black. And be- ing adverti fed of the incongruitie of the Haire of her Eye-brows which were white , with that new tinRure of the Haire of her Head , fhee applied this water to her Eye-brows to black themaifo which foonefetcht off all the Haire-, and thereby introduced a very ri- diculous af veR, being-iwithout all recovery, deprived of the Native Ornament of this part. To draw them into embowed Arches , is but an i - mitationof Nature : but to make them meet, is more then fhee ever intended 5 but ( as the Arabians doe ) to paint them in a Triangular forme, is apiece of Ge- ometry, which we cannot allow to be exercifed in the Eye-brows. SCENE The Artificiall Changling. 513 SnSw-d towards the Forehead. */x\s Scene V, Eye-lid Fajhions ajfetled as Notes of Gallantry and Beauty by divers Nations. 'he dachas or Agagi of the f ^ r ^ a? Ethiopian Countreys beyond Congou have a cuftome to Lindfchoten turne their Eye-lids back- i)b ‘ '' wards towards the Forehead •pigafetta’s re- and round about; fo thatgTj/f^f , their skin being all b lack,and Congo, in that blackneffe fhewing the white of their Eyes, it is a very dreadfuli, and divilifh fight to behold ; for they thereby caft upon the beholders a moft dreadfuli aftoni- fhing afpeft. what grange and prodigious Cofmetiques hath the great Enemy of Mankind intruded thefe Infidels in , perfvpading them to defraud themf elves of a Naturall convenience, for aDialolicall fafhion, expofwg the moft tender party to all the injuries incident to fo c- dious fum“uV p4 ManTransfom’d: O r, ward? toward the Forehead. atous an apparition, C/dTS~iS5 . an d mth all infer- ring not a little da- mage to the impor- tant operations of the Eye jforjthe ex- t email conformati- on of the Eye, con- lifts not enelyin the Ball or Apple of the Eye> hut of the cir - cumflantiall parts of the Eye- lids, h air csi and Eye- hr oirs •, any of which in the leaf wife changed it will ne- ccfj'arily follow , the Eye cannot rightly performs its Office , Vifon being a mof fumptuous thing , conff ingin fo accurate a proportion •> that it (lands in need of many things to its accomplifjed perfeBion 5 and actions are hurt ? not onely when the principall part is hurt or perverted , but any other thing that is ufefull and afffant unto the principle, as the Eye- lids are to the Eye ; for thefe Coates of fight or f) jutting windowes of the Eyesore called Cilia a Celando O- culos : their Natural! office , being fir (l to cover the Eyes , left with variety of ObfeBs, they fhould di- fir aB the mind or ocupyit fuperfluoufly^ the fecond imployment, is by a meet interception of the Aire , to fubtillize it : and fo to keep and preferve the fight fe- AriftM.40.de reen, they according to Ifidore being called PaLpe- Annimat. quia palpitando movcntur, ut afliduo mo- rn obtufum oculum reficiant, there motion being intended to refrefh the Eye, when the fight thereof grew The Artificiall Changling. 95 grew obtuf ?, and their Nature confifls in a Nervous thjnfubfance to facilitate their motion 5 almost continually they thereby corrett the Aire,and fo keep the Eyes from the injuries thereof: another uf ? of them is to adorne the Eyes, and to comfort them 5 whence Ariftotle faith* that Creatures that want Eye-lids are weak- fgh ted y as Fijhes and Baires'yAnd Quadruped.es, clofe their Eyes by the upper Eye-lids, and Birds by their lower Eye-lids,all which are rather to be called Coopertoria,tfWTela than Palpebral which are proper to Man . M 0 reovery the Eyelids doe not only much conduce to the quietnefs of the fight ybut of all the other Senfes, it being\probable that the Eye of all the SenfeSy was encompafjed with this defence for the agilitie of the Senfe of fight* and a communion, with the other S enf \ s : whence we may obf erve, that fo long as we hold our Eyes open } or are neceffitatedto hold them fo 5 wee cannot J leeep-, nayy they who have their Eye-lids cut of, as Marcus Attilius Regulus had, they are e aft ly killd with watching , unlejje their de- feat be recompensed by the fubftitution of fome other thing , which may helpe to recreate the Eyes with Jleepy which is the natural l uf e and office of the Eye-lids:much more is their ufe in NiBation,wben we are awake. One ufe of the Eye-Ids is, that by their opacitie theymigl.t hinder light from infinuating it felfe too much in the Pupill^foTyfuch a thing would have been an obflacle to llijion 5 an argument whereof we have , that when we would fee a thing more acutely,and diflinHly*we draw together our Eye- lids, that they almofl meet , fometimes wee hold our hand over our Eyes * that the pupill might be morefhadowed 5 and for this reafon it is that Averroes affirmes thofe Creatures to fee farther who Ayerrocs ^ a P have ((nfu & fenfilh £j“ f 9<5 Man Transform'd : O r, have thicker Eye-lids 5 and for this reafon it is, **" that Fifhes and Inf efts fee more obtufely , for they want Eyelids. Now all thefe intended benefits- of Nature , by th/s d/vil/fh devife, are frustrated and loft. johaa.Bohem. Th e Tartar s^ under the great Cham , have the dc moribus cleane contrary appearance, for they have groffe Gmtmdibn. pj-ominent Eyes? very much covered with their Eye-lids, infomuch that the opening in them is very fmall : whether they ufe any Artifice to caufe this extraordinarie expansion of the Eye-lids, I have not as yet difcovered, but cer- tainly they hold it noimperfe&ion.For although of all men, they are moft deformed in Body; yet this Nation contemnes all other Men, thin- king themfelves to excell in prudence and good- neffe, that they difdaine and explode all others from them. Munfter cf- The Inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope , llb 6 ‘ which Pomponius cals the Head of Jphrica , pull off the Haire of their Eye-lids, and therein they paint divers things in a manifold colour, as white, black, skie colour, and red. Purelmp Ugr'. The Brafilians alfo 5 and thofe of Sierra Leona in the Ea Vt-Indieso pull off and eradicate the landfc, m. t. Haire growing on their Eye-lids, which makes them fhew for the moft part fearcfull and ugly. Mid. pars 2. Montanus it feems was not aware of this unnatu- ral! kinde of depilation , praRifed hy thefe Nations, where he fait ho that none ever de fired to defiroy thefe Congenite and naturall Hairs, either Male or Female , but all as well as they can , endeavour to preferve ' them , although in the Poftgeniti they difcent ; for there T be ArtificiaU Cbangling. 57 2 ?„‘* *?* there are (me who defire to have them, and fame af- feB them them not, as Women and effeminate Men, to whom he hath afforded a learned, although fome° what too officious an accommodation. Man is then perf eft when he wants none of thof e things which he ought to havef or that is his perf efti- on.Every Ejjence hath its perfection^ he Eye of a Man is then Humane 3 when it ohtaines hat res on the Eye- lids and Eye-brows. It may be ob]efied,that Man lives without tbefe,andfees:who denies itibut that man who is deprived of thef eydoth not live nor f ee humanely, ac- cording to the order and lawes of kinde constituted by Nature. whatever is in the Body of Man according to Nature 5 that is fimply necefjary, you may meafurethe necejfity by the ejjence : \for both are convertible : for if they prove def °ftive,or anything be wanting > that Bo- dy is no longer perf eft and aLfolute, but lame andim - perfeB.whatever Haire is in the Body,whatever it be, (fa nothing happen befides Nature ) it is neceff ary, which we ought to be perf waded ofaand that by a reafon , no way contemptible, taken from the dignity of Nature, who alwaies whatfoever [be doth, [bee doth for fame end ; for 'tis abfurd-> as Plotine faith , to fay that there is famething confiituted in the order of things, and to have nothing that it can ; for an Ens is fuch naturally, that it fhould Aft or fuffer famething, which fantence is not onety true of the fpecies of Efjen- ces in generally but of aU parts that Naturally exift in any fpecifique Body , as thof e haires doe : and if we ex- amine the vfes of the Haire in thef e parts;, we fhall foon perceive the folly and madnefs of thefenationsiwbo to their owne fhame and prejudice 3 have rejefted the natural! benefits intended them by the wif dome and P % providence The ufe efthe Haires of the Eye-lids. Kypler. 98 Man Transform d: O k> providence of God , manifefied in the F Antique of the Eye-lids : for fir ft , the great builder of our Body,h at h impofed a necefsity upon them, of obferving in equad proportionate magnitude, longitude, number, and in- terval^ fo that they need no clipping, making wit hall an exaffprovifion for their imjfen five pefiturcfrom cajling any fhadow upon the Eje, to intercept the conti. mity of objeSls, or hindering the Eye from looking up- wards, which otherwife perchance might have been pretended and pleaded in excufe of their impious depi- lation , and robbing the Eye- lids of their defen five Valifado, not onely made (as feme would have them) for an Ornament unto the Eye , but for pcrfpeffion, and to direffthe fight of the Vtfory fpirits , and the Ray es which flow from the Interior parts. And this by Ky pier , is accounted one reafen of the contrivance of the Eye-lids , that thefe teguments of the Eyes, by their convenient contraHion, might infer a due jhadow from the innate Haires of the Eye-lids-, whence it is, that when wee would per fell ly view a thing , wee bring cur Eye- lids as nter as we cantothepupiUofthe Eye,that by conniving onely we might better behold a thing . Since thefe fallen or retorted, which never happens but in the great afleHions of the part, Man cannot fee (as before) right for ward, or far off. And it is cbferved, that the. Tovopinambaultians, who likewife praHife. this unnatural! dipilation , become thereby dim- fig hted,and ofatorve or crooked afpt ft : Andwhentbey refi in fleep, theypreferve the Eye from being hurt. The frequent Notations alfo in Men awake , is to recreate the fight, and to prevent the violent falling of any thing into the open Eyes, which is infnared in them as in a ?^et •. 7 hey therefore that warn thefe prefervers of fight (at experience The Artificial! Changling. piia ‘ experience bath fhcwed us) are offended with the leaf dufi, and of aU things a/mojl that occurre, though never [o [mad. VYmvznoteth^that tbeWomenof Rome did colour p lin.' ti.u. the Haire of their Eye-lids every day with an or din a- Nat - H: $‘ rie painting that they had \ fo curious are our Dames faith he , and would f 0 faine be Fairs and Beautifully that forfooth they m H f die their Eyes alfo. Mature ywis gave them the j e hatrie Eye-lids for another end. The People of Purchas Vllgr'. Candou I (land put a certaine blacknefte upon their Eye-lids. The Turks have a black powder made of a Mine- ral ca\\z&Alchole, which with a fine pencill they lay under their Eye-lids, which doth color them black, whereby the white of the Eye is fet off more white • with the fame powder alfo they colour the ha ires of their Eye- lids, which is pra&ifed al- fo by the Women. And you (hall finde in Xem . phon, that the Modes ufed to paint their Eyes . All endeavour of Art pretending to advance the Eye above its natural! Beauty^ is vaine and impious, as much derogating from the wifdome of ?{ature. <^drt indeed, where Nature fometimes failes, and proves de- fective, may helpe to further her perfect on : but J> 3 where pl'jid ba '"' i OO Man T r am firm d : Or, where Jhee appeares abfolute, there to add or dctraft is inflead of mending to marr all. Yet perchance the Turks in painting the baireof their Eye-lids, might be e-xcufed, if they did it tea Naturall end, ( which l doubt the*) doe not , but in a Phantaflicall bravery) for fome think that the hair t of the Bye-lids doeeafl a (hadow upon the Eye, helping thereby the blackneffe of the thin membrane Chorion, thefirfl that cover eth the Optique finery, and prohibits the dtjfufion of the Philippus fp lender of the Chrifialline : which as MontaJto fates, Montako.4, is better done when they are black-, which he fbeweth johnfloni by tht example of one, who having gray Eyes , and Tbiumatogra- fime what white hair es on his Eye lids , as often as he Hofman dt u- black t them with Ink, hefaw better . Of this Man he fupartiumlib. reports , that in his Childhood and Youth, hefaw bet - 19 cap, 7. ter fa t fj ( Nigh then inthe Day, but when he was a Man, the cafe was altered with him . And he adds, that the Moores having taken him, blackt the Haire of his Eyebrows with ink, whereupon he faw better , but his old de fell returned if he baa wipe doff the Ink . 7 he caufe whereof being omitted by Montalto, the mofi learned Plempeius throughly underflood, to wit 3 that the white Haire of the Eye-lids did too much dimimfh thofe things which were painted in the 2fjt- like Coate, called Retiformis. AndKyplczweuldnet have this notion mgleSled, that the Haires of the Eye- lids, do chiefly conduce by their umbroflty, to a more txpreffe pi Hurt rffpecieffts, to which end for the mofi part, they happen to be black, and they who have them white, fee not ft perfeflly. SCENE The Artificial! Cbangling. 101 Nations; Scene VI. Monfirm conformations , properties, colours, proportions, and tafhionable affeBations of Eyes, amongjl certain Nations. A ture felicitous about fo excel- lent an Aft ion of the Eyesy be- ffj flowed on living creatures , not one , but to every one two. That Cognition might be perfeff, and (gT\ that when one fat lesy wefhould { not prefently be altogether depri- ved of fo great a gift. Yet there are found in the Indies fas Cofmo- graphers teftifie) Men who have but one Eye,and that planted in their Foreheads ^ Authors of no contemptible authority? avouch that there are fuch One-Ey’d Nations. Aulus Gellius witneffeth, Aul. GeU that he had lcarn’d from, very Ancient writers, ^ that in Scythia , there area certaine Nation who have but one Eye in the middle of their Fore- heads, who are called Arimaffi 3 and Appitn placeth One Ey’d Nations. that inhabit toward the Pole Articke, and not farr from that Climate, which is under the very rifing of the North-Eafl Wind, and abous that Famous Cave or hole? out of which that Wind is Laid to Iffue, which place they call Gef- clithror/ ,that is the Cloifturc or Key of the Earth. Thefe maintaine Warr ordinarily about the Metall Mines of Gold, efpecially with Griffons, a kind of wild beafts that fly 5 and ufe to fetch gold out of the Veines of thofe Mines (as commonly it is received ) which Savage Beafts 3 (as many Au- , thorshave re-corded, as namely Herodotus and A- rifteas the Proconnefian , two writers of greateft name Jftriveas eagerlie to keep and hold thofe golden mines, as the Arimajpians to dififeife them step. Rittcrus thereof, and to get away the Gold from them.^/f- Usco/Z^apb. term feith they obtained the name of Arimafpi profometrica. ’ from their defective fingleneffe of Eye ; for An with the Scythians fgnifies one,& Mafpos an Eye; according to Herodotus cited by Colins Kbodigtnus 3 lib. The ArtijiciaUChangling. 103 ^ a *”’ Upr9 ‘ lib. 16. cap. 22. Arima fignifies one and Spu an Eye. Ifidor likewife affirmes, that the Cyclop 3. are Monocular Indians. Sr. John MandevilU 5 . ; .j Qhn Man _ whofe relations lince the late diicoveries of the devils Travels new World, are held very credible, reports that w M*» in an Me under the government of the King of Dodyn , are Men that have but one Eye, and that is in the midft of their Front. And although the wonders related of Polyphemus in Firgil, as Seram Serviu? com his Commentator conceives, are but Poeticall in fidtions 3 yet it is no Fable, that there are Men mi Monocular ; Seeing that when Fulvim T orquatm was Conful againft the Volfcians^ there was bronght out of Mauritania to Rome> fuch a fin- gle-Ey d Man, intercepted in the vaft deferts of dEgypt, who was carried through the City to be looked upon as a wonder, whereupon there happened a thing memorable^ For Macrina the Wife oiTorquatuSj a Woman of lingular chafti- Narrayit cm. tie, during the abfence of her Husband, no where prefcnted her felf to be feen,or went out of dores. miiwibus coc- Now when this Monocular was carried about, he l b lq fJ 5 qu fJj A ' was by chance brought before the doores of Ma- Mmdo^mum, crina , her Maid relating the paffing wonder, in- w ejus vita /in- vites her Miftris to behold it 3 fhee(althoughde- 2 * c3 ^ ,2 ' 2,i Grous to fee this one-Ey’d Monfter) had rather die through curiolityof Minde, thenfhew her felfe at her doore. In the Illand Taprobana, there Lycoft are Humane Creatures, who among other pros- pend.chm. variations from the lawfull forme, have oner's* onely Eye in their Forehead. Neither is itincre - nug.de chit, dible that a one Eyd Nation may be founds and that l’b> 6 .cap 8. s even in the judgment of St. Augulfine 5 nay he af- firmes Nations with - out Eyes. S c/ma Iliad. Fratrei in Ere- mo. Fulgofus lib . i. de Miracuhs. Lycofi Cbren. de prod. & eft. anno muttdi 3 377i • Zonarus in Michael e Audi flic. L’vie lib, 2. Zonarus in Maurkio. Lyeoft, lib. prodig. Anno Domini afoj, Sr. John Man. Travels cap.6t 104. ManTramformd : Or, firmest# expreffe words , that he faw fuch a Nation with his owne Eyes. I was no wj faith be, Bifhop of Hippo, and I travelled with certaine fervants of Chrifi , unto ./Ethiopia, to Preach the Holy G of pell of Chrifi unto them , and we f aw in the lower parts of ^Ethiopia? Men having onely one Eye in their Fore- heads , &c. And the fame reafon may be afforded for the pcjfihility of fuch Nations , as is for the producti- ons of fuch Monocular Mongers, as wee f ometimes meet with in the C hronicles of prodigious oftents 5 And Zonarus reports that in Conftantinople, there was a Monocular Child Lome: for as it happens for Men to he home without both Eyes , fo nothing hinders but Men may he borne without Eye onely. And there are H i (l or i call Records of Men borne without Eyes. hivie witneffeth, that at Ariminum there were ingenious Boy es borne without Eyes, and with- out a Nofe ; Zonarw teftifies, that in Thrace there was one borne without Eyes and Eye-lids. In Hatfias there was an Infant borne with all his Members well diftinguifhed, having that wholly he wanted Eycs>Eares, and Noftrils, ha- ving onely a Mouth in his Face. Sr. John Mandevill reports of Nations without * eyes^tor he faith, that in an Hand belonging tot he King of Dodyn , there are Men without Eyes, but they have two round holes inftead of Eyes. And in another Ifland, are Men that have* no Head nor Eyes, and their Mouth is in their Shoulders. Such Monftrous conftitutions of Eyes, have al- fo been feen in certaine Men, that have had foure Eyes. Anno Domini 308 a t Daphnes, thatmoli pleafant and ambitious Suburbe of Antiochia (A horrid T be Artificial!. Changling. 105 horrid thing to relate cr fee , ) there was borne in the times of Conftantine the Emperour, a Monfter, to wit, an Infant with two Mouths, two Teeth, a Beard, foureEycs 3 andtwotery fhort Auricles. An Ancmitmian Woman, brought forth a cer- taine Monfter : for in the third or fourth Month of her impregnation} fhe lent forth a certaine mifhapen ftefhie little Body, which was all rough andhairie, having foure Eyes. Wee read of fome Nations whofe Eyes are miiplaced} and planted in other ftrange and hid parts of the Body. Sr. John MandevilL reports, that in one of the ^ 1 ^“ Man * Illands under the Government of the King of Dodj/23 there are men that have Eyes in their Shoulders, and their Mouths on their Breafts. In Mgypt it pleafed them to nourilh a Por- piinieM, m tent? a Man with two Eyes 3 in the hinder part of cap.f 2. his Head, but feeing not at all with them : but this being a (ingle Monfter 3 is not fo admirable as if there were fome fuch Nation found : and why not a Nation as well as (ingle Monfters, which in Chronicles wee meet with ? In Mill cine , Anno 1542, a certaine Plebeian Per.Umpjgn; Woman, called Fauftina, brought forth an I n- fant, With Eyes feated in his fhoulders, fuen an one was Borne in Fafconia , and in Mifnia an Infant was borne which had his Eyes in his Bread, which you fhall finde fpoken ofbcfore 5 in our relation of headlelfe Men. In is not without a miracle of transformation} 4 ulus GeIIIus what Aulus Gellim reports, that there are Mem who have two Pupils in each Eye, both Men and 2 Women, 106 Man Transform'd: O r, women, and that they kill thcmwhom they long behold when they are angry, and that thefe are in Illyria, but Plinie faith ,that they are not oncly in Illyria } but in Triballio and Scythia , which is cal- led Bythinia: and alfo he reports of fuch men inha- biting Pontuf, and that have fometimes in their Eyes the Effigies of a horfe. But Plinie was deceived by the ambiguitie of the word, as Vofi cius and Dalecampius obferve for the word in Philarchu s was * Hippos, which figni- fies a pcrpetuall fhaeling of the Eyes, which Pli- nie hath falfly rcndrcd the Effigies of a Horfe. Beyond the valley, on the left fide the River Ptfor/, in an lfle Northward, there arc many e- vill and foule women, who have pretious ft ones in their Eyes, and they have fuch a force, that if they behold any Man with wroth, they (lay them with beholding as the Bafilisk doth. In the 49 degree of the South Pole^ there are Gyants, who have red circles painted about their Eies 3 among other notes of their fearfull bravery. They of Cape Lopos Gonfalvess, both Men and Women, ufe fometimes to make one of their Eyes white,the other red or yellow. The Guinfans, ufe to paint one Eye red ma- ny times,the other white or yellow'. The women in the Northern Iflands, about Greenland ■> have blew ft r oaks about their Eyes. The fubje&s of a certaine King, farre from the River Garnbra , for a diftinbtion have three ftreaks under their Eyes. The Negro flaves of Barnagajfo Kingdome, and Colo Plinie l\'\ 7. C ap.z, * Horfe- Eye, Sr, John Man- devils Travels cap, 91* ■Purchas Pilgr. utib. 1. idem.P'dgr.i. iib. 7. Lindfchoten lib. 1. Fox North-mjl pafjage. Purchas Pil^r. JdemP:/gr,i a hlb.7. The Artificiall Cbangling. 10 Colo Brava-> have certaine markcs between their Eyes made onely for a Bravery with a cold iron. The Turks have an Invention whereby they at- fc£t to beautifie their Eyes^ for they put between their Eyelids and their Eye a cer- taine black pow- der, with a fine long pencilhmade of a Minerall brought outofthe kingdom of Feze , & called Alchole^ which by the not difgracefully ftai. ning of the lids, doth better fet forth the white- nefs of the Eye, . and though it trouble for a time, yet it comforteth. the fight, and repelleth ill humours : they are of elegant beauties, for themoft part ruddy, cleer andfmooth, as the polifhed Ivory, being never ruffled by the weather, and daily frequenting the Bannias ,but with all by the felfe fame means they fuddenly wither. Q 3 T he Sandys Tra* vels lib 1 1. Sundry^kmd* j Q g MflU T Y dtll foWld l O R, The People of Congo , a region of Aphric a, von of Congo. t he Apples of their Eyes are oi diverfe colours, Pu«ha S P that is. Whites, as they cal the others Blacks.Thefe are furcly allyed to them of Albania^neer the Caf man Sea, who fee M» n ft e r.«/- be « CrbyI,i .| htt t el, l' y yet this is generally to be noted 5 that the grea- teft Eyes are not ever the befi : for as in looking glaffes, or other little optique pipes a the Images of things are perfectly exhibited , fo itfals out in little Eyes, yet the naturall magnitude of the Eye , proportionate with that Face wherein it is lodged , ought to be fuch, that f 0 much as the femi-circle cf the mouth isfo much fhould be the femi-circle of the Eye : and the inter vail from the middle of the Eyebrows, to the end of the externall angle of the Eyes , fhould be fo much as is from thence to the roots of the prominency, which fub- fides the -ripple of the Eye, although Serif e cannot va - ry well judge of it, by any other way of ratiocination. Now the Eje of Man is round ■> and it is naturally ob- served, that the diameter of the Orb or Sphere of the Eie O n e~Ey’d Na- tions. no Man 7 ransformd: O r 3 is to anfirerthe length of the Nofe.Nou? Eies that ex- ceed the natural mediocrity facing lefs or greater then the fame meafure , are not to be commended • becaufe they hecomenot a Face,thofe Eyes being truly laudable nhich are neither too great nor too little^ but of a mean proportion^which conpfts inthe abnegation of both the extr earns: Phyfiognomifls therefore preferre the mid- ling (late of the Eye^which hathfo reel framed and cor - reded a mediocrity of great neff e at cannot he bettered or reprehended.This aped at ion then of great Savacer- Itke Eyes , is a fancy against the rule of Nature ; For , an Eye greater then the proportion of the Face and Body requires-) cannot be really beautifull in a Natu- ral accept ati on^alihough it fhould haz e a gallant feat- nejje and elegancie of apparance annexed unto it. pm-chas piign Some of the Inhabitants of Malheda , are blind 4 >. 8 . idem eodem . •Petr.Appian defeript find. Occid. and fquint Ey'd People. The Brajihans , a few of them, have but one Eye. In the Mountaines of Peruana , which are al- vvaies covered with Snow 5 the Inhabitants are all purblind or blind. Lud.Rom-Pa- j n Sumatra , they have Eyes, obrotund. of S.r^ green colour. Purchas v'dgf. The Guineans have white Eyes, of a fharp fight, 2. lib. 7. an d fee further then we. Steph.Ritte- The Sarmatians had Eyes like Lizzards, and gcnA^c/ 5 Ul " vvere ca ^ed Sauromatee , ab Oculis lacertarum. grapb.?rofome- en * m Idcerta , feut oculm. irica,iib,^. The Gaules were blew-Ey’d, which was noted ef- Atnmian,Mar- pecially in the Women, when they were in chol- ’ ler 5 being notable (brews and too hard for their husbands. The 7 be Artificiall Cbangling. m °Sj pro “ The People of T aprobane&s Plinie reports, have 4 blew Eyes. Of which there may fome doubt be made confidering the climate, which is in the 8 5 9 and i° degrees ciieiy. Li«drch«>4. The Cumanans have alwaies lpots m their hyes 5 V eU tib. z . and are dim-fighted. The Budini , a great and Populous Nation in- 4n, miis raiJa habiting the European Scythia , neer the River Borofthenes 5 were all grey Eyes like a Cat. In Albanie there be a fort of People borne ^.^7 'out with Eyes like Owles 3 whereof the light is firec/ifog 0 aui^« red 5 and can fee better by night then by day. Niccan. Man onely hath his Eyes enamel' d round with di- vers colours 3 the Eyes of all other creatures vary not y but keep the conjlant colour of their kind , this vari- ation happening to men and Nations , according to the divers tempers of their Braine andEjeSi but in refpeft Nations are much mingled , we know not what rarenefjeto choofe for the beauty of Eyes 5 for many love blew Eyes 3 and fome the grey Eye 3 that feems to be all Chnflalline sfome love black Eyes-, eftee- ming them mo(l amiable : and others love them green a which were alfo in ancient time much praifed: for among the Sonnets of Monieiur de Covei ( which was in old time fo greet a Clerk in Love matters , Songs were made of it-j Green Eyes were praifed. He that would make a new comment upon Hippocrates his BookfDt Aere,Aquis & Locis tofupplythe want of that much defired Comment of Galen, upon that Book , might perchance among thefe Ocular difin- guifhing properties of divers Nations , fnde mat- ter tofurnifh his conceptions with . R SCENE Scene VII. Certaine formes and [{range Jhapes of the Nofe much ajfe&ed> and Arti- ficially contrived , as matters offin- gular beauty and Ornament , in th e. efieem of fome Nations . Purchas piigr . He Tartarian Women, cut and &m\ iff® P are ' helr between their Eyes? that they may feem more flat and laddle- nofed, leaving themfelves no N ofe at all in that place, an- nointing the very fame place with a black oyntment ; which fight feemed moft ugly in the Eyes of Fry- ar william de Rubraquis a French Man, and his companions} who obferved the fame in the wife . is in great requeft, as you may eafiJy imagine, when the Kings wife at the time of publique audience appea- red in thatfalhion. And indeed they are an illfavoured Nations all flat nofed, the women being fuitable to the Men. his impofftble the adulterate wit of women ftjould commit a fouler trefpaffe again ft beauty, and the ma- le ft) of Nature , or introduce a more odious alteration in the Face, then is done by the contrivance of this fafhton 5 for , whence the Noje fhould excite fo great a comlinejje and beauty in the Face, cannot well be imagined, but from its Dif crimination it makes of the parts thereof, for this diferetion of the Nofe is fo true and neceffary to the whole Face 3 that Severinus Sewruuis, , fhould think 5 that this was the caufe, for which it was made, that from this one part very much grace and ho- nour fhould accrew unto the Face, and that the Nofe either cut off) or vitioufly deprefj ed, there fol- loweth thereupon fo great a deformity. Certainly the Face among all the parts 5 is therefore moft honoura- ble 3 and moft goodly to behold : for that it is varioufly i&f culpt and diftingaifhed. But what doth dif crimi- nate and difterminate the two Eyes , the two Sun- fhtne Apples , the Cheeks) and the two fides of the R 2 Face Men with *heir Noftrils fiu off. 114 ManTramformd : O r , Face , but the Nofe alone which as a banck^ or epuall ndge of hits , is extended along the Face , to maintain their Elegant feparatiens. For , Nofe is placed in the very middle of the Face , iis the moft worthy and honourable fcituation , necefjarily placed between the Eyes: ftnce not onely a great beauty accrews unto the Face thereby, but as form will haven, it fervesto diffinguifh the Eyes onefnm another, and is the caufe that the vifcry fpi- rits are not confounded ahdmixt together, and in the interim, being annexed on both [ides, to the bones of the Gena, it covers and fils up that horrid den, which other nife would appearefo abominable unto the fight 5 as it doth in their praffif e, who break down the partition wall that Nature had interpofed between the Eyes 3 and againjl the law of Nature, remove her bounds and mangle that goodly promontory that runs along to divide the Paffque Sea of beauty in the Face, thereby endeavouring to their owne confufon, to joyn thcje together, whom God and Nature had fo wifely fe par at ed. By all which it is too too evident, what reall beauties thefe Nations deprive themf elves of, for an imaginary and fuppofed elegancie, or ra- ther an affeffed deformity ; whereby to the great in- jurie of Nature , not onely the beautifull proportion of the Nofe is loft 5 but the off a all elegancy thereof very much impaired. For al.hough not with fanding thefe fafhionable maimes of the Nofe, they may fee^ and breath, and f peake, and in fome fort enjoy the other ufes fpokenof, yet notfo well as they otherwife might, nor in fo abfolute a manner as they ought, by the conflitution of humane Nature. The Citizens of Rhinoculaura or Rhinocorura ( which- The Artificial!, Ch angling, n^^SJS" ved Plinie placeth in Idume a, and Strabo in pii n ic?jfr.r. ftan- CoeSius Rkod. Auguft , de ( which Phoenicia-) but according t o Ledovicw z'tzes, deth in the confines of JEoypt and Arabia) had % umU ilwe. no Nofirils to cap. z*. their Nofes : from which mutilation of their Nofes their City had its name. Lodozicn. * Lodovicu* r • 1 1 Comment, m zites iaitn, that nug.de civit» without all quefti- d.-», on, the Jews and Egyptians claim'd it to themfclves, and peopled it with the Mthiopi- . ans, whom they conquered and cut off their Nofes. Yet Diodorus D i°d° rus ^*-' Siculus ? makes a contrary relation, Adifanes (laith he) King of Mthiopia , having conquered all JEgypt, partly by force, and partly by con- dition fet up a new law for Theeves, neither acquitting them? nor punifhing them with death? but getting them altogether, he punifhed them thus; firft he cut off their Nofes, and then for- ced them to goe into the farthc-rmoft parts of the Defarts, and there he built a City for them, cal- led Rhinocorura , of their want of Nofes. / confejje my Evidence is not [0 cleer and Autbentique, as to charge thefe Rhinocorurites,#^ a voluntary conti- nuation of this firft impof ?d def rrmityyet we haze pre- fidents where a deformity intended for a national punijhment 0 hath afterwards bin receized and confined J 5 ■ as. E*Plinio lib. 7. rap. i. Scenckius ob fa vat. Nofe.wam-.ng n g Man 7 Transform'd: O k 3 a fafhion.But fince hi fieri am [peak not up direBly to Plinius tb e pointy wefhall wave our accufation.Yzt you fhall jo. rca ^ of Nations that have no Noftrils,there being Lycoft.cifr.i6. an equall piamneffe throughout their whole Facej that Face rr.uft needs be plain that wants a Nofe. Megaftkenes reports, that there is a Nation among the Indian Nomades, having holes onely ^— 0 . i* 1 ^e place of the Noftrils, and that they are rum. called SyriBte: Sr. John Mandevill fpeakes of home divlhTuvds, Nations, that have no Nofe, but two fmall holes, ’ whereof one ferveth them to breath, the other ferveth inftead of a Mouth. Great is the Ornament , that the Face receiveth by the Nofe that part of the Face which the Nofe ta- keth up, being filed by the ancients , the imperiall feat of Alaj efiique beauty , that admiral! variety of Faces , and individual! difinBions being chiefly oc- - ', rv cafioned by the Nof the very leaf alteration where- of , caufng a manifefi change intheayre of the Face, if but a little part of the Nofe were cut of, it were a hard matter to fay, how deformed the whole Face would proven maim in the Nofe, therefore being juf* Virgil. iEneid. ^ ca H e( i Virgil, adifjonef wound, _ , T runcas in Honeifo vulnere Nares. The protuberating or f rutting part of the Face, carrieth with it, faith Laurentiusj a kind of beau - ty , yea of Majefty. The beauty that is added to the Face of Man , by the Organ of fmelling ( I meane the dy, Crook ce* Nofe ) Dr. Crook t gives us a pregnant infant micro cofmor hereof, in an example worth our remembrance ; a young Man being adjudged to be hanged, and the executioner at hand, a certaine Maid fubornedby his friends, and quaintly drejjed and fet out, goes unto grnpb. T he Artificiall Ch angling. 1 1 7 SL H Nore ur unto the judges , and makes [application for his life , requiring him for her husband^ welffee overcame, the Iudges: this do neghe guilty young Man being fet at liberty , and camming from the Gallowes unto the maid , attired and drejjed in fuch coftly Ornaments, he preft ently caft his Eye upon her Nof e, which indeed was levy deformed , and inf anti) cries cut) that he had rather haz e been hanged , then freed upon con- dition of undergoing fo deformed a choife in his Matrimony ; to this is that of Horace anf werable. A ' U Hunc ego, fi quid componere curem 5 Non magis efTe velim,quam pravo vivere Nafo. Treafon and adultery-) therefore , hath not met with a more fhamefull or difgracefull punifhment then the Ioffe of the Nofe ; for the Bengalian law de- Lindfchoten; prizes them of their Nofesgwho ay e taken in the aB of u4dultery 3 and the ^Egyptian Law cut off the Womans Io.Bohemus* 'Nofe 5 who was taken rn Spontaneous Adultery , with^f 5 & ntim which dif grace, the countenance was deformed) fuf- fering the fhamefull Ioffe of that part , which moft a- ■ domes the Face. In feme parts; of Mufcovia, thefe- cond acl of Theeverie, is punifhed with this difgrace- full Naf all mulct. Heracleonas, the Sonne of Hera- clius and Martina 5 as the greatef blemifh their malice could infiiB , was by the Senate and People of Conftantinople, deprived of his Nofe : the like lef e Leontius Gxfar fuff ere d by AiTinarius, and 3000 Coreans to their ignominy , had their Nof es cut off in Mcacco a Town of Japan. That admirable firatagem of Zopyrus? who' cut off his owne Nofe f and the Abbas Ebba, andthofe R 4 Cba& tlie beamy, sftlon and tlcil cc of the N ofc. tmxs ii 8 Man T ransform'd : O r. Chafl Virgins-* which were in our Kingdome at the time of the Incur ft on of the Danes, who cut off their own Nofes to prejerve their Chafhty* were Loth built upon this coaceJp.cn-, that the Ncfe any way mangled, or cutoff, gives the greatest blemijh to the Face , and proves mo ft defiruBive to the enchanting beauty thereof, which doth much advance the Art of Talia- cotiusj and the new inarching of Nofes \and when wee flit the Ncf es of MalefaBors , wee doe it to brand them with themofl deforming note of infamy, and _ the reafon and Sence holds good j But the beauty of the Ncfe is to be counted as nothing, becaufe the utility thereof is fo admirable, the beauty of whofeufe doth much exceed and f 'u rpaj] e the pleaf ure of beholding it} Beauty being not intended" as thefirfi [cope of Na- ture 5 but as an additament and parergon of the main work : but what fhee is mofl incumbent upon, and which fhe alwaies beholds * are thcfe things which ap- pertaine to ABion and utility. Now ABion differs from utility , becaufe in conflruBion and generation, the aBion of the part hath precedency, but utility is before it in point of dignity* true beauty is referred to the fuccejfe and goodnefje of utility, fine e utility if itlmus de Fine the fir ft in the conflruBion of all parts. Ulmus tea- Barb*Hum> cheth m what is the true beauty of a part* which if that they are ufed to call the Phyficallorofficiallpul- chritude 5 for it proceeds from the Office, ufe, andtl- tility* no otherwife but as a River ftoweth from a Fount dine. Now if we enquire for the Elegancy of the Scapula of the Nofe, and the fefh of the Noflrils* and that beauty which fo manifefily appears in the wings of the Nefe, you fhallfinde them, if yOu joyn them with the aBion of them, and weigh their con- (IruBion T be Artificial!, Ch angling* 1 1 fiU (IruRion together 3 for that mil afford you the true [ landart , rule , or rneafure of judgment, anddifcer - ningtrue beauty , which is Pulchritudo ofticii, vel officialisj the beauty of office, or official! elegancy. The F ace hath no peculiar aRion, neither rightly or pro = perly is it called a dijfimilar part, but is rather a congeries or heap of dijfimilar parts , whereof every one hath its proper aRion, or elf e are fervient to the Agents. The Eye fees') the Front is definated to its fervice, andfo are the Nofe and Eares. The No frits ferve for expiration and infpiration 5 and a mote plentiful! exiffiation, and fora ftqnifcant indication of the affeRions of the mind . The Indians Di- . : vers have their Nofes flit like broken winded Horfes. It is an ill Trade, that cannot be exercifed with- out deforming the Body 5 that being a badg of their pro- fdfion, which is a peaall marke of a Malefa&or a- mong us.We read ffu N k tUre ' h " ein > d mocked art) that in f/ff’ about the Feaft of Eafter Anno 1 5 5 i.v»* v« fir LT S a " In t, fan ^ - b0rne w hh his Nottrils (o gif&ojla s In N»fe.r,u«m 120 Man Transform d: O r, V^\i> ~ • Paul. Veaet. lib. io« Purchas Pilgri lib. io. Heiyn C eagre, In the City Cin- gur . , between Ca- tion and the King- dome Cergathjhey have a little Note. The Chinojfe doe hold them for the fineft women who have fmall Nofes, _ wherefore from they can potfible, to prohibit the en- creafe of the No- fes of their female Children. And in- deed, generally their Notes are ve- ry little,and fcarce handing forth. The People being, as another noteths in the compofiti- on of their Body fhortnofed, when they make the portraiture of a deformed Man, they paint him with a long Nofe. . , r ; Certainly the naturall fagacttte of tkeje people muftfomewhat abate ; for as they that want the Noje fmell noth * Short Nofefwls notfo well as a long. With us, and with moft of Europe, a long " " Noie The Artificiall Cbanglittg. 121 Ife ^ 061 Nofe is held more beautifull, efpecially in Mens for 5 the Midwives as Toon as children are born,ufe with their fingers to extend the Nofe, that it may be more faire and longer, Perchance. Parosmia cle Nafatorum peculio vulgo trita Ad formam Naji , cognofcitur haft a Baiardi . - Now the Nofe according to the juftice of Nature , fhould be no longer then the Lip and Eare , and the third part of the Face in length, and the thirtieth- part of the length of the whole body, it fhould not ex- ceed in length halfe that diftance which interpofeth between the externaU, Angle of both the Eyesyberef ore the length of the Ncf ? fhoul.d anf wer in a Sef y matter a proportion , the length of the Eye, and the Didutfion of the Mouth j nor fhould it extend in length, beyond the meafureof its circumference at the bottom, ed- iting Nofe (indeed) maybe fome advantage to the Sence of fmelling , as appears in the Nofes of Blood- hounds : yet for the fent of Man, that length is fuf- ficient, which confifts with beauty 3 and may be re- conciled, with the proportions of Natures fymetrie, beyond which who endeavours to extend the Nofe, renders himfelfe guilty of a great Tranfgrejfton : as on the contrary they alfo doe, who labour to prohibit the NaturaU extendure of the Nofe, upon any pretence of beauty whatfoever. In CaJJena a Region of Aphrica, neere the iE- * e h H ’ e ‘ thiopians , there are Men who are valde Nafuti^or Leo fli&e/A- endued with very thick Nofes : One that is ign©- fr»caM. 7. rant of the Nature of things (faith Cardan ) per- chance will laugh at this relation, efpecially if he Magms g and if this affe flat tot? amount not to a naf all difeafe, yet it is very probable it may prove an obftacle tovifion , fotnewbat prejudice the Eye in point of Prof veil : and fo conjequently Prefpajje against the naturaU prerogative of that Settee. The Hunsi amoft cruell Nation, were wont Munfter cof- toflat downe the Nofes of their Boyes, leaft fhould be a hinderance to the putting on their Helmets. The Country People of the Northern Iflands *L 0X f ,f,e A be like the Tartars-) flat Nofed. Tajfage !* 1 They of Cajjaria in the lower Ethiopia and Lyndfchoten Mofambique , have their Nofes broad, fiat, and^’ 1 * thick at the end. The" Matrons of Secota in Florida who are of Sr J Hi l ? * forme elegant enoughs have plain broad Nofes . lndlan ' The Ethiopians are Camoife nofed 3 the Epi- Steph. Ritter, thite of Simi being by the ancient Poets bellow- pro ^* ed upon them. In Sumatra 5 they have a moll broad faddle p° doT ‘ c * ' Nofe, which is efpecially noted in the City ^‘cap. * Malacha. In the Eaft-/#aRd the Kingdome of China, %. the Inhabitants have all Camoyfe or faddle cap. a. N©fes. ^ eeogrtphia. They of Guinea 3 their Noles are flat, which Bohemus * they make fo when they are young $ for they efteem a flat Nofe a great Ornament unto them, r and it feems it doth not amilfe with them, as they order their Bodies ; for according to the proportion of Body, they beautifie their Faces. Another faith, they account the principall part H «h n Gtogr*, S3 of Nl”i” g ffeae3 1 2 4. Man T ram form’d : O r, Q f beauty to confift in a flat 5 Nofe. I am informed of the truth of this relation by a Traveller that hath feen the pradtife. Soiinus & The Argyppai are Camoife nofed, with a C °iu S mm ° ra!l ~ g reat Chin. Purchas Vilgr. In America (contraric to us, who defire 4 M,6. Lmdfchotsn ftreight Nofes) the Husband who pcrformeth the office of a Midwife to his wife, when he hath re- ceded the child, and cut the Navill firing afun- der with his teeth, he prefleth down the Nofe withhisthumbe; tor they efleeme the beauty of children to confift in the flatneffe of the Nofe, even as they ufe to doe in France, with certaine foifting Hounds, which are there in great requeft for the flatneffe of their Nofes. Purchas Pilgr. In the great Turks Court, flat Nofes are in re- Reeve i n his but it is for the foile of their deformity, seraglio of the this fafhion appearing moft deformed among Grand Signiour them 3 who affedt and have the contrary appea- rance: For there Negro Girles are efteemed moft for their uglinesby xht Sultanaes-, therefore the Bafhaw of Cairo (who for the moft part fends them all) is alwaies diligent to get the moft ill- favoured, cole black, flat nofed girles that can be had in ALgypt^ or the bordering Countries, to fend them for a prefent to the grand Signior 3 who beftowes them upon his women, who make the fame ufe of them, as our Ladies doe'of ill- favoured waiting women, that is to ferve as a foile to fet off the fplendour of their beauties. P li- me notes, that the firname of 5/ worn came from the firft of the familie that hadflat Nofes, and they were called Si tones, who were hooked and Camoife Plinie lib . in N«t. Hift. T he Artificial l Ch angling. 1 2 5 S Little Nofes affe&ed. vn£^*> Camoife nofed upwards. The Brafi/ians, who are borne as faire as the common fort of Men, but comming out of the wombe, they are made deformed in fqueezing of their Nofe, which is the chiefeft part wherein eonfifteth the beauty of Man ; Thar as in certaine countries (as you may reape in this Scene) they praife the long Nofes, and in others the Hawkes Nofes, fo among thofe ( as the Moores of ^Aphri. ca , who are all of the fame fort) it is a faire thing to be flat nofed, and to have large expanded noftrils anda fhortNofe; And that you may fee that luihedtfcrip- am not the finely Defcanter upon fuel? prevaticattonsjakefftf^'f* what the Relator makes his introduction to the Nana- (a p,\ 9 . the of this artifice', among all the formes of living and bodily creatures , (faith be) that of man is the f air eft and moft perfect, which was very decent, both for the creature and Creator , feeing that man is placed in the worldjo command all that is here beneath ; but although that Mature endeavour eth herein al- waiesto doe good) netwithjlavding Jhee is fometimes jhort and enforced in her aCtionS) and therefore it commtth that wee have fo many monfters , and ugly things ) contrarie to the or dtnarie rule of others, yea i even after that 2 Mature hath done her office } wee help by our arts , to render that which fee hath made 3 ridiculous and mifhapen. ^And verily whocanfuffi - ciently admire how this ajfeCted deformitie of a depre fi- fed [addle Nofe , came fir ft in fafhion with thefie Na- tions) and like a contagion infeded fo great a part of mankind •, or how fo villanous an abfurdity fihould in dtfipight ofT(ature) be continued to this day .* fur el y the Gr and Defomer the better to ride tbeabufed Fan- tafies 125 Man T r am form d : O k, C1 ^r^\$ fC ta f (s *f t'hft people, hath clapt his [addle upon their Faces , and made this a [booing- heme to draw them on to other corporall vanities. By a mofl remarkable providence, it was ordered by Nature, that the Njpfe fhould be mere prominent in ent party to be more apt thereby to give way a little to any thing fading npon tty which [o eaftly fades off : [o eminent, that it hides the Eyes as in a Cave and val- ley, as it were , becaufe tbeyabkorr the contrail of dll things i therefor eto defend the Eye, being after amau- ner like a [hi eld, yet no way impedites vijion : for if about the ridge , fpine , or back of the Nofe, it had been broady it would have remain'd as an obffacle to vifion, befides, that the breadth would have disfigu- red the Face, ad which inconveniences thefe Nofe-le- vellers muff needs in feme fort incurre : nayy by this fpr ending their Nofes contrary to the Majefftcad inten- tion of Nature , they muff [omewbat prejudice the Nofe, not ontlyin theft aliens wherein it is profit able for the bettering of our It fey but to thofc wherein it isne- ceffary to life it felfe . For thefe Nations who by their spiffs affiliation become Sirai cr Simones, they pur chafe onely a difeafe ; for, the Figure of the No ft is perverted ; T et this ftmitie it felfe is not the difeafe, but the difeafe wants a name , and is afterwards caded by the name of a Symptomc. But this difeafe hath a left on of operations , other wife it were not a difeafe , but rather a certaint deformity, therefore the difeafe is, becaufe the Nofe is obffrufltd to the hinder once of refpiration, and that ebffruflion is a difeafe upon which there fodowes alefion of operations^ for, ad thefe Na- tions certainly for want of a free refpiration, fo fpeake , that they can feme be under flood, and they are faid to T be Artijicid Cbangling. 127 SS Ifeake in the Nof 'eyet it feems it doth nolfas if uppofe it might) fame what hinder their fmellingfor it is f aid of the Brazilians and them of Peru ,tbat they have the f melling fo good, that inf melling of the handy, hey know if a man be a Spaniard or a Frenchman. But becaufe the difeafe wants a name ft ought according to M011- tanus,fo be nominated f rom the caufe,which is the Si- mitie it felfe.- Simity therefore is the caufeynot the dif- eafe, and the difeafe is in the evill figure -) , becaufe that which ought not to be depreff ed,u made deprej] edyand fa makes it to be Morbus in figura or re rigurata. And now who can deny thefe Nations to befickof the fafhionstand if their dejigne be to gain beauty thereby, they are much out of the way, f nee the Nofeis thereby hurt in its form, becaufe it is hurt in its adorning and beauty , which is thereby flemifb ed-,and when its orna- ment and beauty is blemished, the very forme of it is kurt^and fo confequentiy the in(lrumeni‘,Yet we ought to know, that the imbellifhment and beauty , doth not confift in the foftnejje and whitenejje of fie fh (as fond Women rajhly have entertained an opinion : But they ' confift in a due conformation of parts andftfeituati- on,to the end they may commodioufly and aptly bring forth their operations, becaufe Ornament and beauty tend to the operation's/ the parts-, as Galen affirmes. Since theref rre the very figur-e of theNofe is in beauty & ornament, which confjisin a conformation of parts, and a convenient feituation $the beauty and Orna- ment hur tithe forme it felfe is hurt , and the instru- ment it felfe in refpett of its forme is faid to be hurt : when we fpeak of the figure of the Nof e, wee meane the conformation it felfe, not the fubftantiall former but the conformation of parts^which in latine is, aptly T called An Ape-like Nofe con- demned. Sr. Brown Pfeudoxia epiciem 0 lievk.ahUTl 128 Man Transform'd: O k, called Plafmatio, hating ref veil to the nature of the thing , which conformation confifis in its proper in- fer ument all Member, in a due manner 3 with the fi- gure it felfe 5 when the Receptacles , pajjages , fupevficies are not alfo depraved, nor doe we under- stand ( as advertized before) the fubfl anti all forme) which is in the very matter forming it and giving it to he in ad. I know the beauty of the Nofe is gene- rally determined by opinion, and feems (as one ingem - oufly f peakes in this cafe of flat Ncfes , and other afjeded figures thereof ) to have no c [fence, that -holds one notion with all , that feeming beauteous unto one, which hath no favour with another, and that unto every one according as Cufiome hath made it natural 7 > or Sympathy and conformitie of minds, [hall make it feerne agreable j which various apprehenfons of Men and Nations,hath made him think that no deviations can be expounded fo high to an undeniable def rrmitie , without amanifefi and confefjed degree of monflrofi- tie-,Yet it is granted, that in the natural! body of Man, the perfections of every- part receive their exadnejfe from the fir ft Idea of the Creator: but, hereimis a contrivance which feems to oppofie againfl it, the Rhancy of an Artificer over-ruling the intention of Nature 0 which mufi confequently evidence fame de- formity, To f peak the truth, this Nofe being genti- litious and native to an Ape, can never become a Mans face : the Native beauty of the Nofe confifiing rather in the elevation 3 then depreffon of it 5 That Phyfique Axiome being firmer as ftablifhed upon the tmth of Natures intention, Nafus homini altior ad decorem. Aflat Nofe being therefore ex- cepted ctgainfi in the Levitt call law ? and excluded any priefily The Artificial! Cb angling. - . , , , j ferranybeau. pnefily approach unto the Altar , accounted an un~ ty to a Facc 0 naturall b/emifjj and deformity ’, One of the uncleane (2/v&\3 fignes of the Leprofie being a dilatation and augmen- tation of the wings of the Ncfe , and a Simitie of the nofir ihi whereby the Face , whofe beauty doth not a little conffii in the Decent figure of the Ncfe , appeares r very filthy and difhoneft. And therefore we rnofi jufily abhorre the Nofe that is funk into this Figure by the Venerian rot , as the greatefi blemifh and mif- chiefe that f pi ghlfulfdif grace full and disfiguring ma- lady can infiiR. Now that thefe Nofe-raoulders many times prejudice nature in her operations , and blemifh her perf eclions , is too apparent. But let us f °e yet farther^ whether they obtaine their ends 3 which is to advance the beauty of their Faces, the rather) fince one Hifiorianimagineth that f me of them doe . The figure of the Face generally feems to be difiingui- fJjedin thefe differences, either it is oblong, round ’, or broach, for , a narrow face which is oppofite unto a broad, is reduced to an oblong. So hence thefe diffe- rences are reduced, either the Face is extended e~ qually according to its altitude and latitude, and fo is an oblong Face : or is more exporrefted according to latitude then longitude , and is called a broad Face-, it is eafie to imagine that the longitude) which we alfo call the altitude, is to be taken from the Forehead to the Chin, the latitude on the contrary, from cheek to cheek. Some bring in another rotunditie of Face) which is when it doth f welfi and is prominent into the anterior part, towbichroundneffe tjoeyoppcfea hollow , to wit) which is depreffed. In a varied expreffion , wee may fay, a Face this way round is that which is^ Convex in the forepart, a Hollow-face T 2 is tau!y”*te i3° ManTrawformd: O r, ^ which in the fame part is Concave. Now be- jmes that which is commonly called the figure of the Face : there is another which vs compounded of the fi- gure of the fever all parts of the Face , and of their de- pendance and refpeci they have among themf elves , which Critiques in beauty call the Forme. And the front alone {as is olferved ) may be varied above 57 6 wans, and therefore the Nofe infinitely more, but many parts may be varied in fever all waycs and de- grees and various complications among themf elves-, from whence arifeth that infinite ( almoft ) variety of humane Formes. Now beauty refdes in the Forme' for if every part be rightly formed , and rightly cor- respondent one unto another , the Face will be beauti- fully if it have with all a pleafing colour. But tie parts may all be beautifully and yet not well anfwer one another y as for example : A floor t, long, fir ait, crook't or Aquiline Nofe, little or great , if they be Graphically conftituted, may be beautifully but the quejlion will be, what figure of other parts is requi- red to make up the perfeB harmony of a Face. A faire high Hawks Nofe , rather agrees with a faire plump Cheeky then with a faire thin Cheek : and on the contrary, a beautiful l Cheeke but leane, doth rather love a (ir ait Nofe, then an Aquiline. The Perfians therefore to make good the beauty, as well as the trarfcendent dignity of their Nofes, had need have convex cr full extant Faces, as indeed for the moff part they have. As for the T artars and Chy- noife, who affeHed a flat Nofe, it muff needs be con- fefjed , it is not unfuitable unto their broad Faces’, but how can the fame Nofe beautife a round Face, fuch as the Guineans and they of CalTara, in the lower Ethiopia The Artificial! dangling. i^ipeSlf 1 Ethiopia are f aid to have, unlejje wee will imagine man and fuch a rotundity, as makes a Concave or hollow f ace,W°™ym with which a Camoife Ncfe may have fame incline- r_/ v ** rent correjpondency. Now fince both [exes are guil- ty of this violence offered unto nature , the better to convince them of there errour , we fj:all notthinke much to exhibite the abfolute former both of a Man and Womans face , the natural! perfection of a Mans face requires thcfe conditions : A fquare forehead-, upon which thcfe forelocks of the Haire abide mode- rately elevated , his Eyebrows hard , great and long, a good amiable charope Eye , not very concave nor prominent , fomewhat Lion- like , that little cloud that is faid to appeare above the N ofe, being no- thing elf e but a certaine rugged or fear ce apparent Tumor , which declares a kind of light contraction of the forehead : ^ N of, e thick? not acute, but rather great then f mall , a face great and not bony, a great Mouth , frme teeth , not thin, of an indifferent fize, and white, 3 2 in number, his upper j awes are equal l to the lower 7 awes, and neither exceede, nor are ex- ceeded or put forth beyond each other 5 for fo Man would be deformed, but nature makes the Mafculine perfeCf, and what is- perfect according to the natural! Hate, all that is very beautifull ; fuch therefore ought to be the exaCl Symetry of the jawes, his Eares not too big nor too liitle, well engraved, dearticulate, a Head of a moderate magnitude, drawing nearer , yet to a greater then a lejje, and venerable withal!. To the abfolute forme of a Womans Face, there goes afaire white Forehead, marked with no wrinkles or lines , longer then that of Mans is, and drawing to a round neff e about the Temples, that it feems torepre- T 3 fait Theabfolute perfcftions of a womans face 132, Man 1 ram form'd : O r> fent a Turkijh bcw inverted, wherein there appears act any tumour or gibbofity, or any cloud , no fever sty or f&dneffe, but a pleafant and modefl cheerefulmjfe,a face round , pleafant and elegant to behold. A little Mouth, fomewhat but [carte opening, fmali white teeth , fomewhat Jhort , even, in number jufl 285 not thin , nor too hard clofed together, fomewhat full lips , Cor all , imitating Vermilion, a little disjoined, yet Jo as the teeth are [caret difeovered , whilejljhee holds her peace or laughs not , unmoved • that isfuch a woman that doth not reft, nor bite, nor fuck her lips ; thefelips thus defer ibed add a wonder full grace and dignity to a womans vifage : neither is the Nofe to be omitted, the honour and Ornament of the countenance , which re- f re fent s the outward part of a Rofe: of a meant ftze, fir article am, with acertaine obtufeneffe acute , lutthe holes of their nofrils fmali . A round, white pill'd or fmooth Chin , the Candor whereof feems to introduce into the beholders mind, acertaine fufpition of a Rope colour, but no trail at all, nor an) perception of hair e s k to be [ten either in the lips or Chin : A [mad Jhort Purple Tongue, mott certainly doth befi become a wo. man, which yet is fcarce or never feen, the tip f caret op. fearing whiles Jhee fpeakes : the Eye- brows ought to be black, fubtilt, disjoyned, foft , and fweetly arched. Somewhat black Eyes , declining to fmadneffe, concave, rolling, laughing, pleafant and fining, The Bals of the Cheeks round, altogether void of hatrts, flefhie, rofe, and refembling the red Sun-fhine Apples of Autumne. i^Above thefe remaine the Temples, which ought to be no leffe white then the Forehead, and without fufpition of any bones, jet not fwoln nor depreffed, but in a manner a little and fcarce concave, Eares graven font- T be Artificial 'l Ch angling. 133 ILliZlf'' fame what flort, foft and delicate, afferfed with the the Nofe of L- dducid colour of Rofes. The whole Head rather little then great, moreroundthen a wans, comely, ere ft, and ^ elevated Thefe Are the Natural! beauties of the parts,belon» gingboth to & Man and Womans Face: jet no Man may hereupon conclude that Face to be be&utifull and perfeft in all its number, that hath all thefe conditions , for it doth not truly follow „ But as a Lute or Harp , is not therefore faid to be Harmonically and fitly made ready and prepared , hecaufe it hath faire and good firings , or hecaufe it is guilded, but becaufe they con- cord with one another in H ar monte all numbers , therefore it founds well and is praifed i fo a Man or wo- mans Face, unleffe the afore faid parts thereof agree and concord aptly with one another , is neither beautiful! nor comely . We in this I (land are of an opinion, and pra&ife foraewhat contrary to thefe Face-levellers, and doe no way like of a fhooing- horn- like Nofe, neither do weeefteem fuch to begratiofos. And therefore our Midvvivesand Nurfes are a little too forward to ftretch out their hands to help N ature in this cafe. For although all children are a little Camo fed about the Nofe , before the bridge rifeth 3 being not properly but equivocally called faddle-Nofed, becaufe thej have a power , and are to receive a Nofe more ptrf ft, appea- ring onely Camoife ; becaufe the natural! heat which is the in fir ament of the vertue For matrix, hath not yet ptrfdhed their Nofes, nor elevated that Cartilage to its natural l and appointed magnitude, according to whops figure ad appellations eft bp Nofe are referred . Not that nature alwaies needes the officious and o- T 4; ' very o A "4th!”.bi34 ManTransform'd : O k, affJaed'^ njer diligent help and art of Midwifes and Nurf ?s>to to pinch up our Nifes as they doe , as if nature were not alle to perfefl her owne norke. lacob: Fontanus ftogn, Arift. in his comment upon the Phyfiognomy of A rill, ta- king notice of this pragmatic all deiife of Midwifes, [dyes, that kecaufe children iyreafonof their tender loneS) which are eafily depre'st , appear e [addle- no- fed they laying hold of them with their Thumhe and for e-finger y are wont to compreff e the later all parts of the Nofcj that this Simity of Children may he thefoo- ner abolifljed : more for beauty then for any commodi- ty it bringeth to life , for they are fometimes fo com- preff ed by them , that they become lefje commodious for the purging out of the mucous excrements of the Braine. It is true , it belongs to the correBize part of medicine , to locke a little to this bufinefje , and to ccrreBthe lapfe of Nature, where a juft occafion is, but not by o zer diligence to bring theNcf ? into a worf ? condition then it would haze been in , had the y trufled the ordinarie providence of nature. The Perfians of oldj very much efteemed a high aquiline or hawks . Nofe> as a note of honour and mag- nanimitie, which they affefted in me- mory of Cyrus ^who had fuch a nofe, and they would fuffer none to raigne over them but T be Artificid Cbangling. 13 5 JL“„T ■ but Princes that had fuch imperiall Nofes 5 nay, ic is a cuftome at this day, to except againft fuch that are not thus nofedjwhcrefbre thole that have the nurfery and education of the King of Ferfu's childrenj and the Princes of the Royall Blood, ufe all the art they can to make them Grjphos , or crooked-nofed like a Hawks bill; and they had no other Nurfes leffe honorifique then Eunuchs, whofe chiefe command and office, as foftcr-fa- thers ; was to make the Nofe as beautifull as might bee, compofing and directing their mem- bers, from which imployment they were all ac- counted Grandees. I hefe Nutridall Eunuchs did conforme the Nofe, as Mercurials doth pro ba- Meicur ; a i; s bly conjedure, with leaden plates kept on by / < 0 . ^Decorau fome fattening contrived without, and for their intrinficall operation, they ufed little hollow pipes, thruft into the Caverns of their noftrils, by which their tender Nofes ftreitned and bound in fuch a mould, inproceffe of time, were for- med according to their defire.Not farr from this artifice, is that libertie which is granted to the corrective part of Medicine, in correcting the ill conformation of the noftrils, when in children they are either too large or ftreight, the way of which correction, is to wreft the member to the oppofite part ; that is, if they be too wide, to con- tract them gently with the finger, and in cafe I they be too clofe, often dilate them, or by put- ting fome fuch hollow pipes into the noftrils as Merc urialis thinks the Perfian Nutritii ufed in the affeCted arching of Perfian Nofe. This figure of the Nofe, is now become gentilitiall, and native V to n=ni a Nore onr ' u 136 Man Transform d: O r, ™ to c ^ e who ro their high forehead', ^ have generally high hooked Moles : fo truly is that verified in the pradife of Men. Regis del exemplum tot us componitur or bis. For if once the Grandees begin a corporall fafhion, the contagion foone fpreads, and the meaner fort will imitate them in the fame pradi- call Metamorphofisjalthough they pay for it. So 5 Quicyuid delirant Regesrflettuntur Achivi, The Romans of old loved a large & prominent nofe 5 which was with them in falhion as mod imperiall: and wee ufe to call fuch an high and eminent Nofe a Roman Nofe: and the Aufirian Mole beares fway at this day in Germany. purchas Pilgr. The Indian wo- 3.^.2. men bore their Noflrils full of holes on both fides, wherein they weare Jewels, which hang down unto their lips. idem pilgr. 1. The People of the Illand Arucetto , have holes hb.i. in their Nofes oneachfide 3 wherein they weare Rings ftrange to behold* The Piirchas filgr. Idem Pi'gr, 5. lib. y. The Artificial 'l Changling. 137 Nuf[ . B „ re „. The Nation called Curenda , up ( the River Pa- ranct, have little ftones, which hang dangling in 4 ,m. *.i their Nofes. The Chtribicherfes bore holes in their noftrils Pet, Marr.&- . for an elegancy, and the richer fort? deck them cedm 8 * with jewels of Gold, the common people? with diverle fhels of cockles and Sea Snailes. A little from G umbra in Africa, Men and wo- men, as an eniigne of Nobilitie and greatncffe, weare one great Ring, in a hole bored through the Nofe, which they put in and take out at plea- sure. It was a cuft- ome in Mexi co to /pierce the noftrils of their elected King: for when Ticois the King of Mexico was chofen, they pierced his noft- rils, and for an Ornament? put an Emerald therein ; and for this reafon in the Mexican Pidture-Chronicles? this King is noted by his noftrils pierced. The great Gaga Calando King of Gagas, idem PUgr, 2, weareth a piece ot copper croffe his Nofe, two llb ' 7 ' inches long, which is the leaft part of his crueli bravery. The Kings Wife of Cumana, hath her noftrils sry. Hifi, bored 5 and a Ring hung therein? which in their lnd ‘ V 2 language 138 ManTr am form'd : Or, Puichas pi/V ^ an g ua g e ca ^ Caricari. %, hb.r lgr ' The Inhabitants of the Cape of Lopo G on falves, weare rings in the middle parts of their Nofes j fome thruft fmall homes of teeth through them, and weare them fo, which they think to-be a great Ornament unto them. ^ n J rch ° tCB The Guineans hold thcmfelves faire with their Nafali Ornaments, fome thruft fmall homes or teeth through their Nofes, and lo weare them, Hier. Girav * ( as c h c y ) t0 heautifie themfelves. 4 '.ofmograpb. The Inhabitants of Florida, for the fame pur- pofe, bore their Noftrils. The Cueremagbds , (the Men) have a little hole in their Nofe } into which, for an Ornament they put a Parrots feather. idem codem . The People of T iembw , weare on either noft- rill, a blew ftarr 5 artificially made of a blew and white ftone. It , 2 * They of Barnagajjo Kingdome 3 and Colo Brava, the Negro-fi aves, have certaine marks on their Nofes, made onely for a bravery with a cold I- ron, and they fay thc-fe marks are very beauti- full unto them j my Author fhewes how they make them. iekm tod,6, ie. The W omen of Ormw, weare on their bored Nofes, many jewels 3 and a long barr of Gold upon one fide of their Nofes. The Jewifh women of old, had alfoNofe- jewels in requeft, as an ancient Ornament, rec- kon’d up by the prophet Jfaiah> among other impliments of their abominable pride. They of St. Chriflophersi ftick pins on tteir Nofes?making their Nofes ferve for pin-pillowes. The The Artificial! Ch angling. 1 3 9™ S£ br>5 The inhabitants of the province Quillacenca about p^cb^.pl|r, Feru> weare Iron rings in their Nofes? and few- 4 . lib. 7 . els thereat? whence the province had its name, being hence called QjsiUacenca j that is, the Iron- Nofe Province. The better fort of Egyptian women weare rings of Gold or Silver, through the hollow of f^aveh^ their Nofes, hanging rich Pearles and precious {tones at them, wherein the common People imitate their betters. It is a grange thing to confide r the various phan- tafies of Nations , touching matters adorning the Body jfor forae think it more ornament all to weare their bracelets on their wrifls, others fay it is better to have them about their ancles : fome think itmofi comely to weare Rings and Jewels in the Eare^ fome will have them about their privities , and others will not think they are ccmpleat , unlejfe they hang them upon their lips , Cheeks , or Nofes , as thefe Nations doe , who are well ringed for rooting . > and in - joy the (latute beautie of our fwine. Surely their in- vention was much put to it , when they fu jj ere d their Nofes to be bored-> to bring up this fafhion^ the pa- tience of that Man was femething allied to their ' folly , who walking by a marker at which fome ill Ar- chers fhot , and being (hot through the Nofe, told them plainly , that if they fhot there againe , he would break their Arrow. The beauty of the Nof ?, - conffts in the equalitie and polifh’tfmcothneffe thereof j which is the NaturaU Ornament of the part. Hence wee fee how uncomely it is , when enriched with Rubies and the Puftels of compotation , which expofeth fuch rich- faced and carbuncle-nofedtofots to the mockery of all V 3 * Men , Nofe- Borers* taxed. 1 4 o Mart 1 ram form'd :Or, Men. Norlefje ridiculous is the golden Rings e/nd precious Jewels^ in thefnoutoj Jucb [nine ; for ? the extant bulk of thofe Ncfe-nngs-, and pendants wherewith they overlaid their Ncfes^ rnu(l feme way hinder the fight j and divelifh pride-, who hath thus bored them through the Nofe, and made more vents in Natures conduit-pipe then [he intended , fjjee fure paies them wages-) in rendering the No fe lefje apt for the right forming of the voice , which mufi needs be leJJ e articulate and explained , and the words fame what tund in the Nof ?. In the curious Machini of fpeeclh the Nof e is added as a Recorder 5 to advance I the melodious eccho of the found, which thefe women j think that Nature hath not made compleat enough’, therefore they will bore them full of Recorder [lops as ' it were , as if they [hould f peake onely in the recording tone of their Nofe, which invention is to the blemi[h and prejudice of Natures nafall operations andmuft needs rather marre , then any way improve the in- strument. SCENE The Artificiall Cbangling. 141 Nations^^ __ „ Scene VIII. Auricular fafhions, or certaine ftrange Inventions of People in new-moul- ding their Eares. Ncient writers fpeake of feme Indians , whofe Eares did reach unto the ground. Pomponiw fpeaking of thefe or fome like them, fayes they call them Fanefios or Satmalos : the Greeks as Stra- s “ ab ° Geagrx- 1 • 11 i • pbia* libtii $• bo writes^call them ivcoTOKotvr^/ becaufe they ufe their Eares foracouchto deep on. Megaflhenes an ancient Author, and Solinw Sohnus^.n. fay 3 there are Iilands, and a Nation called Fane- fii 3 (Ireadeit fome where Panotii ) whofe Eares are dilated tofo effufe a magnitude, that they \ cover the reft of their bodies withrhem,and have no other cloathingsthen as they doth 'their mem- bers Men with Ears down Co their Feet. Plini e.lib. 4 . sap. i 3 , Munfter Cof- wgfaph.hb.lt tapi 1 16 > I6p- Z . Ifidor* lib, 11 cap. ?. Eulcb. Nie- remberg, Hii Nam# 142 Man T r am form d : O r, bers w th the mem- branes of their Eares. Plinie alfo makes report of fuch nations about Pontuf ( faith he ) j there ar e Scythian. Hands, where there is a Nation ofF*- nefii-, who being 0- therwife naked, have Eares folarg, ' that they invelope c their whole bodies m with them 3 And - inhisfeventhbook he proves, that in the borders of In- l dia> not farr from Taprabana, there are men who co- ver themfelves all over with their Hatestljidor affirms as much ofthem.The teftimo- nies of thefe men are very ancient, but there are notwa nting ftore of later witneffes. Petrm Simon^ and -^ntonius Daca-> as Eufebtut Nierembergenfis imformes us 3 report of men that were lately found, whom they call Tulanuchas (which name fignifies an Eare) fuch as the old world called Onotocito $,whok Ears are fo prolix, that they hang down even unto the ground, and. ftxMen may be hid under one of them:thcfe Men % were T be Artificial! Cbangling. 143 E,t * were difcovered towards Calif urnia. Maximilianus T ranfilvanw reports} that there Maximil. is an I (land neere the Moluccas. , where the peo- Jams^Z^r, pie have fuch vaft Eares. And Pigafetta affurcsus, chat in Arucetto 5 which is an Illand reckoned among the Molucca's , there are fuch- People as before mentioned} whofe Eares have fo fpatious and prodigious dimenfions. Purchas faith, that purehas pUgr c in this Ifland Arucetto , arc men and women, not paft a cubite in height, having Eares of fuch big- neffe, that they lie upon one, and cover them with the other 3 fo that although thefe things have been reported in fables, yet you may finde Authors whom it would not difpleafe one to fol- low : Strabo indeed accounts thefe relations fabu- lous, and he feoffs at Megajthenes^ for writing of fuch kind of Eares 3 Yec Mela faith he had Authors for it, thac were not to be contemned. And as Kornmannus thinkes, it is not difagreea- Kornmannus ble to truth, if you weigh the number and autho- * wtrm . rity ofthofe writers 3 which will appearernore credible by the modern relations of fome ocular witneffes, mentioned in this prefent Scene : that there (hould be whole Nations that have Eares of fo prodigious a magnitude , is a relation I doubt will fcarce credibly fink into the Eares of Thom Th( ^ men 3 yet we may fafely afford the fame Faith m auis in boru unto it, as to the records of monftrous births, #»*Brf/.Giibcr- | which have appeared with fuch Eares. Gilberm skenckiu* lib. in his Chronicle attefts 5 that a womaninacer-i.o^vat. tain caftle of Lumbar die call’d CanoJJ w,in thet ime ©f Pope Gregory brought forth a little Infant, with fuch great and large Eares, that they co- X vered Lt rge-EatM Nations. H'fi.lib.v. Purchas P ilgr, 4. lib. 6 . Sr. Jo'i n Man- 144 Man Transform d: O r, vered the little body of it. pit me reports that the fir names of Flacci, ( families, andhoufesin Rowe Jcame firft from their flaggiedong, and han- ging Eares. In Guinea, upon the borders of mapoco, there is a Nation of Carabes? having great Eares, of an extraordinarie bignelfe, hard to be beleevedj they call the people Marajhewaccas^ fuppofed to be made fo by Art, and affe&ed by therm as an extraordinarie garbe of devifed gallantry. . In an Eland neer the Ifland Dodyn , there are devils Travpli Men with Eares hanging unto their fhoulders. wf *2,0 And in another Ifle, are wild Mem with hanging Eares. Hicr. Girav* In the Province Cvfco , in the land of Pervana^ Wmograpb. are t p, 0 f e Auriti or great Ear’d Men, vulgarly called Oriones, who arc the richeft and moft Po- tent Men of the whole Region, who alwaies goc poledj ufing all the Art polllble to enlarge Munfter Cor t ^ which they fay are the kinde of all the Malabarsy r >?■; X and The Artificiall Cb angling. 1 4.7 and are the guard of the King of Ceylony their Eares are very large, for the greater they are, the more honourable they are accounted} fome of them are a fpan long. Some Nations of Farrupiniy towards the high idem* land 5 called Craweannay Fawmeeannay Quikeannay P eevp alter ey A rameef ?, Ac aver e annoy Acooreoy Ta- reepeeannoy Core corick ad Ay Peeauneadoy Coee annoy Itfura and Waremiffo ; have holes through their Eares, of whom the Indians report much of the greatnelfe of their Eares. The Surucufis weare their Eares with wide Pll gr. 4. holes} caufed by art to grow into an incredible ‘ 7 ‘ wideneffe) whereupon the Spaniards call them OreioneSy or Men with great Eares, the Men had a round piece of wood hanging at their Eares like a Calicut Die, a great favour and fignc of Nobilitie, and the fir ft enfigne of dignity and Knighthood} with fome neighbouring Nations to them. Wee read of the Tartars, in that difhonefi vitto- Setaft. Franc; ry they obtained again ft: the ChriftianSy by that ^ ba]e jtratagem oj their poyfoned Standards which ti pr*cepti. waved in the Airey inf eft ed the Christian Army, Munfte . r ,5^’ that they might be afcertained of the true number of ' 1 ' 4 ’ the flainey after they had pillaged the dead lodieSy they cut off an Eare from every one of themy with which they filed nine f acks or buffjels full , had thefe Men dealt fo with as many flaine of any of thefe large Ear d NationSy they would have doubled or trebled their meafures • The King of Calecuty when the Hollanders idm lib. eodm came to fee him> they obferved his Eares n . X 3 ftretchcdSl^t Idem ibidem Di By. dcjcr'ift Ind, orient pars 9 . ft>ce gallants. 148 Man Transform'd: O r, ftretched with the weight of gold and Jcwclsj and drawn out> that they rca' ched down to the fhoulders and armepits,for they charge them with Gold and a faiivccr fetinthe midft. The wo- men, the richer and more Noble and excellent they are, they have the longer Eares, adorned with" Rings. It is more familiar to the women then the Mem for the Hollanders obfer- ved in men about an hundred Rings, fuch as ours arejbut in the women above two hundred, which with their weight, draw their Eares below their fhoulders. Gnmftone of The women there fas one obferves) are not given to doe any thing, but deck themielvesto feem more pleafing : fo as when they goe abroad, although they be naked, yet they are laden with Gold and pretious ftones, hanging at their Eares, NeckSjLeggSj Armes, and upon their Brefts. KmusTom't cit y Cocc ^h the Women think it a s * ‘ great comelinefs to have their Eares mod fhame- fully bored; for in the lap which we pierce, they maKea cleft putting lead into ft, which with its weight fo extends it, that it hangs down to the fhoulders ;; the holefo big > that you may put your lib, io. idem ecdem hb. 9, T he Artificiall Ch angling. 145^°"* gre;t yourarme through it 3 which deformation is To plcafing to their Eyesjthat Men aifo are com- monly feen with their Eares fo arraied. The black Peo- Purehas Pilgr . pie of the Cape Cg- moKh have horri- ble great Eares, with many Rings fet with Pearles ftones in them. Th e Mac ft is not farr from Mo- cambique weare their Eares bo- red round with many holes, in which they have pegs of wood, (lender like knit- ting needles, a finger long, which makes them looke like hedge-hogs ; this is part of their gallantry , for if they are fad ©r trotted with any difafter,they leave all thofe holes open. - They of Madagafcar^ have Eares bored DeSr J- •Trough with large holes, fothat you may put a anger through them? in which they weare round oieces of wood. The 1 5 O Man T ram form'd : Ok, ’ p Sih«Pi&r. The Gentiles of Ixdoftan, their women have i.iib,9. g the flaps or neither part of their Eares bored Seethe like fi w h en they are young, which daily ftretched and gu'e fol. 148. made wider by things kept in for that purpofe, at laft becomes fo large, that it will hold a ring as bigg as a little faucer, made on the fidesfor the flefh to reft in ; befides, round about their Eares are holes made for Pendants, that when they pleafe, they may wcare rings in them alfo. idem eodtm lib' In Candou Elands one of the Iflands accounted 9 * to Afia -, they weare in their Eares very rich Pei ° dancs according to their Wealth, but they weare them not after the fame fafhion, as wee doe here* for?the mothers pierce the Eares of their daugh- ters when they are young? not onely in the lap or fat of the Earc? but all along the griftle, in many places, and put their threads of cotton to encreale and keep the holes? that they may put when they are greater little gilded nailes, to the number of 24 in both Eares, the head of the naile is commonly adorned with a pretious ftone or Pearlc, alio in the lap of the Eare they have an Eare-ring? fafhioned after their man- ner. idem eodem lib; Many of the Men and Women in the Cafe of 9; Lopo Gonfalves ? wcare Rings in their Eares? whereof fome weigh at leafta pound?fome have fticks thruft through them of five or fix fingers long. jjndfchotco The Brafilean women, bore their Eares with t\b. a. fo wide holes, that a man may thruft his finger through, in them they h'ang certaine long things, which reach unto their Breafts, or {boulders like blood- T be Artificial! Changling. 15 Auricular bra* very, blood-hounds r or’water fpaniels Hares. The nacurall Inhabitants of Virginia^, in their Purchas pilgr. Eares, have three great holes, that is in each three, wherein the women commonly hang Smiths Hip, of chaines, bracelets, or copper - the Men, fome of Vir § 1£U ** therm weare in thefe holes, a fmall green or yellow coloured Snake, neer halfe a" yard in length, which crawling and lapping it fclte about their Necks, oftentimes will familiarly kifte their lips, fome a rat tyed by the taile, and fome the hand of their enemy dried. The inferior fort of Priefts among therm can hardly be kne wn from the common People, but that they have not fo many holes in their Eares to hang their Jewels at. In thecountrie of ivmganclacoa, upon the con- c*pt. Jo. tinent of Virginia^ the Queen and principall wo- Virginia. men in their Eares, weare bracelets of Pearle hanging down to their middle, of the bigneffe of great peafe, the reft of the women have pendants of copper, and the. Noble Men five or fix in an Eare. The women of Cochin , have horrible great Purchas.p ilgr, Eares, with many Rings fet with Pearle and 1 *^' 7 * ftones in them. A little from Gambra in Africa^ there are idminhu -j found Men, who ufe it as a great bravery, to bore their Eares full of holes, wearing therein. Rings ot Gold, in rowes or ranks. In a certaine Ifland in eight degrees, as Sr. idem, flip. u 'Francis Drake failed to Nova Albion , the People hb ' z * have the nether part of their Eares cut into, a round circle? hanging down very low upon their Y cheeks, Auricular bravery. Idem Pilgr. *„ hb, j u Liofib, dfrict. Purchas Vilgr z.lib, jo. Be Brf dcjiript Ind. Lindfchoten, lib. i . Jo.Bohcmus de yitibus gentium 152 Man Transform'd: O r, checks, wherein they hang things of a real'onabie weight. The People on the louthward of Tinda and Gam- are reported to weare Iron rings through their Eares. The women of mount Bent JeJ]e- ten , doe ufe to weare Iron rings upon their fingers and Eares, for a great barvery. The women of Orw.i weare in their Eares, many Rings of Gold fet with Jewels, and locks of Silver and Gold, infomuch, that the Eares with the weight of their Jewels, be eafily wornc fo wide, that a Man may thruft three of his fingers into them. ' In the City Cancers not farr from Gcas moft of the Noble and great perfons, have their Eaies bored with great holes, and weare in them \ 4 or 1 5 Rings, fuch as wee weare on our finger ador- ned with pretious flones. The Br manes have moft commonly round rings of Gold hanging at their Eares, as the o- ther Indians have. The priefts of the Panchaians , weare Eare- rings, befides their other womanilh golden Or- namentSo In:. The Artificiall Changling. 153 I-n ZeUnd they inrich their Eares with Gold and precious ftones, and the fanie auricular bra- Ht&Girm* very is affeded by thofe of Florida. csfmograpb. In Pegu they loade their Eares with all forts Lodovic. Rom. of Jewels, infomucb, as their Bares with the F*tr.hb. 6 .c*p weight of their Earerings, hang down a fpan long. The King of Jog as fubjeds, all vveare Eare- u m Rtvigatt rings, and all manner of precious things in their 4- cap. 1. Eares. In Rujfia it is the cuftome of the Countrey, for joEun.Bohetn.- women to weare Pearles and Jewels in their ru ' lb ^ Eares, it is held a beauty alfo to males, while Uum ' 1 ' 3 * they are yet boyes ; this is alfo a vanitieufed a- mong the more amorous and effeminate fort of our gallants. The Spanifh women ufe to perforate the lap- Munfler cof. pet of their Eare with a Gold or Silver wire, at mo l r ' which moft commonly they hang fome jewell, which by the French is cenfured as a barbarous thing. The Egyptians ufed to bore their Eares to ' make them capable of fuch Ornaments, and the two moft pretious Pearles which Cleopatra diffol- ved and drunk as a luxurious expreftion of love to Marke Antonie , were pendants taken from her Eares. The Greeks bore holes in the Eares of their M ” nt * 1 ’g ne flaves, holding it for a badg of bondage, which was E “ ay ‘ ’ 2 * pradifed alfo by the Jews. The Roman Dames were much delighted with PJ'nie Rat. auricular bravery 5 for Plinie writes, that they Hl ^' lib,lu fought for Pearles from the bottom of the Red r 2 Sea, Luxurie 154 Man Transform'd : Or 3 Sea, and Emeralds from the bowels of the Earth; and then he adds, ad hoc excogitata funt Aurium ^ulster a, as if it had been nothing to weare them about their necks, and in their Haire, unleife they were alfo let into their bodies. Cyprian dehorting the Xtian women from it , non inferantur Auribus vulnera. Seacca de vi- Saith Sceneca,W;ji doth thy wife weare in her Eares tabeataiap.ij. pp, e reuenews ofarich family} And in ano the > place, idem de benef. I fee their Pearles not fitted fingle to their Eares , T‘ 6 « which are now inured to the hearing of weight, they are coupled together, and others at e added to the two first , the madneffe of our women had not fupfciently brought Men into fubjedion , did not they hang two or three patrimonies at each Eare.And with him Pli- Pliaie Nat nie accords.' Binos ac ternos auribus fufpendere 3 lib. 9. foeminarum gloria eft, to hang thefe by couples or more in each Eare , is the pride of our women , and their luxury ( Jaith he) hath found out a name tor Cymbals. this , calling it Crotalia? as if they gloried in the found and fir ike of the Pearles one again f another. Nay he goes further , affeclantes jam & pauperes, Li&orem fatminae in publico u- nionemeffe didantesj it is come to that p ail e, that even the poor fort afjed the fame fajhion,this being a common faying , that a pearle is the womans S-arjeant to wait upon hery when fhee fhewes her ftlje abroad. But their extreame folly herein? hath Tertullian af- ter his African manner wittily exprefed , Graciles aurium cutes Kalendanum expendunt. The tender Liblets of their Eares , confume their Kalenders , that is, faith the learned junius in his notes on that pafj age, univerfum domus cenfum,&:c. Indeed The Artificial! Changling. 155 Si.dc'"' 1 *« I/tdeed thefe are parts where jewels are eafly [een-> fj~g£\y> which Ladies have learn d very well to observe , yet certainly the conceit worked very filrong in their heady who frft pierced the skin to introduce a fa- ff] ion. The frft Men that have had piety in them y have made conscience of offering any violence to Nature , and to pierce and di lacerate their Eares^ for to hang any pretious things at it , for none is Lord of his own members to abufe them 5 fo faith the Civilian Uipiar.; but Men have taken mere licence then they ought , and have defaced the workemanfjjip of Godin them, ulpian? to pleafe their own fancies y and wee need not fo much wonder at Barbarous Nations ^ but at civili- sed People , which have called other Nations barba- rous , and more efpecially of the Chriftians of this age . Although ( indeed ) there are fame Ladies among ws^ who more out of tendernefj e of Sence then Conf cience , fave thernf 'elves this labour and paines yand infiead of letting their Jewels into their flefhy they make them more eajie pendants by hanging them in a hiring a- bout their Bare as upon a pin. Gallcn® where he f peakes of the beauty Natur e invented in the outer Eare , al: hough he exprejfeth fuch a fcope of Naturey which was fecond in her in- tention^ yet he expounds not what that is in the Eare , which appertaines to that j cope. Holman ffjould think it is the lower particle of the Eare y which they call the tip of the Eare j Eory fvnee this part is not CartilagineouSy as the refit of the Helix or circumference , it cannot alfo per forme that intention y fo that it had been invaine , unleffe it had been made for the other. And hence it may T 3 be The ufeof the outward Ear?. Kyplerus Medic, con- tra (3. lib. i. 156 Man 1 rans form d : O r , be to encreafe the beauty , Woman began to we are Jewels in it-) as if they had taken their hint from Nature , who f terns {as Sr. Phillip Sydney faith) to ha te made the tig , the Jewel! of the Eare , from nhofe f of'tnej] e came the adage, ima mollior auricula, and to have taken a hint of perforation from the fuperior part of the tip , which feems in a manner to be per- forated as it were with an inviflile hold which is called Cicada, or the Graff e-hopper, wherein the Athenians who were natives of that country were wont to hang their golden Graf] e-hoppers. Many Anatomies ( indeed) doe doubt of the ufeof : this lobe and of the office of it, wherein the Eff ence of Inflruments conffts. Kyplerus thtnkes it doth nei- ther help to the extenfion of the Auricle, or to its better coni unRion to the other parts) fnce the Carti- lage can keep the expanfon of the Auricle frme e- nough, and withal! it is on both fdes connexed well enough to the other parts ; But it is not, faith he, im-. probable that it helpes to a mofe direct and eafie in- greffe of found into the Auricle , not verily on both fides •> but chiefly from the lower part. Admit what Natures exquifite olferver feems to imitate, that as curious artificers? when they have made fome rare inflrument, are went to adde fome by-worke for plea- fur e and Ornament 5/0 Nature both pleafed to doe in flnifhing up the admirable devifeof the Eare : Yet this is no warrant for the monflrous praRifes of thefe men, who upon pretence of augmenting the beauty of the Eare, fo fhamef ally loade it with Jewels and other ma- terials^ and ufe fuch force of Art to teare and di lace- rate the moft tender particle thereof, i ? retching itto fo prodigious a magnitude, thatCriticks might hence , derive T he Artijiciall Ch angling. 157 pr^S iU o£ derive \o&b{ ts?* T J *oj3«r, quod deturpare vel ab- lcindcre dicercs. That whereas the Eaves of Man are not fo great as Horfes or Hjjes Eares , and that for beauty and Ornament they were made leffe^and be- caufe his Head was to be covered with a hat she ereH figure of man alfo f applying the magnitude of bis Eares y thef ? Men in the contumelious defpight of Na- ture , and the exaft jufi ice of her proportions and Sy- mitiy , that allowes not the height of the Eare to exceed the length of the Ncfe , and latitude of the mouth , and the largest circumference of the Eare and mouth ; but to duplicate the Analogy , will have Eares larger then hounds , or any other Animall , info- much j as that of Lucretius might be applyed unto them i Humanum genus eft avidum nimis auricularum. Nay by this artifeetheyfeem to introduce the forme or figne of the Leprofie upon thernf elves , and to looke fomewhat like Elephants-) in this fr antique Elephan- tick bravery. For in the difeafe called Elephantiafis } according to fomephe name is borrowedfrom the defe- dation of the Eare , reprefentingthat of an Elephants^ and which demonstrates this affeRationj wherein the fins of the Eares in their circumference * and the Auricle or lappet alfo grow to anunufuall thickneffe 5 or otherwif ? f well and grow broaefrepref enting by that appearance-) as was beforefaid, an elephant. Verily when I confider what a packe of large-Eard Hell-hounds wee have dif covered^ who although Heathens j yet moFt of them having good Naturall parts 5 1 cannot think but there mufi be more then the ordinary > vanity incident to mankind involv’d in B * this ) »”e‘ri mm 1 58 Man T r am form d l O R, this }j 0 rrid afjeBation of great Eares 3 and that the grand Deformer hath not onely tempted thefe Na- tions tofcojje at the natural! proportion of their Earesy as being too Ape-like) and fo under pretence to en- large the beauty of the Eare) to defiroythe Native elegancy thereof 5 but hath had a fecret envy at this part , as being the por tall to the Sence of difcipline, and the port of falvation. Wee of this Nation, and fome of our neigh- bours affedl a fmall Eare, (landing dole to the Head, which fprings from the conceit of our Mo- thers, who becaufe they haze overheard from the dif- courfe of feme Phylofophers , that great Eares are a note of loquacy and folly, they prefently apply them- / elves to prevent this fignifi cation in all their chil- dren, not a little to the prejudice of the aBion of the Eare. For, our Eares are naturally extant and looke forward, becaufe wee heare better when we turneour Faces to the found, cur Eares fo better encountring with the found j and the prominency of our Eares ferve alfo for a def ence to cast ofj the f weat and filth) and the furfur acerous excrements of the Temples and the upper part of the Eare, leaf they fjjould flide into the auditory pafjage 5 all which commodities our mic- kle-wife Mothers defraud us of by their nice diflike of Lugs,and as they call them in reproach)Prickeares. For, our Eares , were it not for the fillets and ligatures, that with their affent Midwives and Nurfes ufe to bind them -flat unto the Head, and flat lying upon our fides, whereby the y are deprefjed, would ft and out better, receive founds, and our hearing would be more exaB ; for let any one with his finger, drive his Fare ofi more outward from his Head) as by the tefii- T be Artificial l Changling. 15 XeUmonyof Galeri|Hadrian the Emp‘ror^& Arrian $Xf£X*> to * their advantage were wont to do 3 hefball bear far * The Confui ‘ better then if bit Eare bad remain ddeprejj'ed, and for tbit caufe , the Eares were made CartiUgi neons and confident-, that they might exi(t find remaine ■prominent j where by at Varoli xttrrhe famous Anato- Var °|.^\f mifi obferves , the vanity of Man appeares , who of- ten for Ornament and beauty occafions no [mail hurt and dammage to Nature 5 and her operations , at in this device , where the beauty fuppofedto be hereby acquired , proves very injurous to Nature 5 For, the Eare the bigger it it , by fo much Audition it made better '.therefore our Mothers err 3 who f 0 fondly diflike Affes Eares as they call them: and the fame re af on there is of their f situation ' 3 for they which ft and fur- ther off the Head are more commodious^ therefore they err e 3 faith Hofman? when they bind them with Hofain lnfit, filets fo hard , that they feem as it were glued to the lib ' 4 * Head , And this among others , mayfervetofbame and dif prove them who quarreR with Nature for her little refpeft and care to Man : For Nature hath been no way wanting to man , but Man on the con- trary hath been wanting to Nature , and either igno- rantly or wilfully bath deprived him f elf e of many be- nefits which fhee intended him. The Portugals lately difcovered an Illand in the midway as they failed to Calecut , where the figure of Stars called Cynofura , cannot be feen 5 wherein they found Men who had Affes Eares. Their women are like them 5 but that they have leffer Eares. Columbus fayes.,he had obferved in Men Eares CoiutuM« 13 ’ Z fuch Auricular tnonftrofities Lycoft, chroit. dc p rodig.eflent . Scencklus obftrvaijib, i. Lycoft. in Ap- pend. often;* predig. Scenckius ob- fervst , de 4«" ribffl* Pisrcbaa Vilg* c , l Jib. i, SdemPilfrr, LycoR.ckon, de pi'odtg . & ®ftm. . Scenckius ob- (itv&tc lib «, i. 1 6o Man 'Transform'd: O r 3 fuch monftrous produdions of Eares, differing from the humane forme of that Organ, A woman of Cracovia in a village nec-r the the fuburbs called Niger y in the twelfth of the Calends of November Anno i 4 9 4, brought forth a monfterj all other, parts rcfembling the humane figure 5 but with a Hares Eares and Neck, In certain places of Araliay there are mon- gers, who among other monflrofitics have very large double and round Eares. The Inhabitants of thelfland Jamuliy the holes of their Eares are much wider then ours. Wee read of Nations who have no Eares at all ( & yet which is ftrange)they hearc- moft exadly. That Infants have been born thus maimed 5 chro- nicles report.For,the 4of Dccember 5 anno 1 5 5 ^ at Bafle, there was a male Infant bom without Earesj liaving only two holes 3 which yet were lo clofed that he could not heare with them. In HrJJici there was an Infant born without Ears. whether the malice of the enemy of mankinde , working upon the vaine imagination of man , hath ilorrninto the heads of thefe or any other Nations^ not yet heard of a conceit of the uncomehneffe of the outer Eare , and 1 0 pur chafe afalfe bcau'.y by their de - privationyLeft I fbculd be counted too great an A ecu - Jer , and to prcfecute an oner-driven information , fall remaine with me as a doubt Dormant: I fall onely bemoane their fad condition , who are deprived of thefe Fins of the Eare^whicb nature intended for an Ornament y dilating them like vans or wings on each fide of the Heady the mutilation of which part was ever accounted a great deformity and hath there- fore The Artificial 'l Ch angling. 161 a great mif- t fere bun infilled os a punijhment upon malefattors . C Henceweereadethat Amonius the Monke underGn- tian And Valentineanj by cutting off hisowne Eare, obtained by that deformities not to be made a B'tfhop againfl his xvill y whereupon be was frnamed t* fame. Andtherefore that Art is commendable which under- takes to repaire the Ioffe y and concede the deformities which hath befell thofe, who either originally want thefe Auricles y or by fome mifchance have been depri- ved of them, a remedy whereof by a counter faith ap- pearances you may find in Parous. Not to mention p^zm in chU what a defence the Auricles aretotheother parts of the rw ^ Llb ^ l > Eare-, for although the outer Eare was not framed by^' 1 ' God , to defend the braint from outward injuries, yet the anfraHuous cavity and prominency thereof is of great advantage to the repercuften of founds. Hence tbofe men whofe Eares are cut away, doe receive founds and articulate voycts, after an obtufe, dud, or confu - fed manner, like the fad of water, or chirping of Graffehoppers, infomuch that the other Eare which is not vitiated, is notwtthjlanding impaired, unleffe that which ts woundtdbe quite Jfopt up. The Scythi- ans therefore and thofe who live in cold Northerly countries ywho have often their ears rotted off with cold , whereby their hearing is much impaired ; to amend that default , they faflen about the hole fome bolLw fhell, imagine it to he efagreat Cockle or Scallop , wherein the Aire u concluded, gathered, and dire lied unto the Head. Tet it is not to be paffed over in faience what- Cardan interpreting fomepaffage tf/PtoIomie aboutpcalom. de Hermaphrodites, fates, that the Nativities of mon- ^^oorti judk; firous men, are like to thofe who are not nourijhed, for llb ' 3 * mnfttrs are very ftldome nourifhed, but if they be Z 2 nourifhed ”°r"i,vj wl,y ^ 2 - ManT rant form'd : Or, nourished ( becaufethey have not the form ofman)thej • very feldome live , yet feme of them live, which are but a little changed from the humane Nature , as Haly fates, that he hadfeen fome to doe, who were lorn without Eares y and others likewije who were horn without hands or feet : but the more they receed from the humane Idea 5 the more difficult it is for them to live and he nourijhed 5 for they which onely fall jbort or redound in numbers little differing from the humane forme, daily experience teach eth w, that they live many years. $ 5 SCENE The Artificial} Ch angling. 1^3 g 9 r iial!t r y heck Scene IX, Artificiall Scars accounted mar\$ of gallantry, imprinted on the Cheeky of drier fe Nations ; HcCafres on the River Lor an- ga^ and thofeof Mcfambi^ue^ 1 ' l ’ 9 ‘ bore holes in their Cheeks for a gallantry. „ , Some Nations of Marri- 4j U ^, * s P‘ ! i r i win?) towards the highland of India^ have holes bored through their Cheeks as a prime piece of bravery. They of Machos not far from Mozambique bore holes in both their Cheeks, from the tips of their Eares, almoft to their mouth, with three or four holes on each fide, each big enough to a finger, through which their gums are Z 1 feea- Cheek borers. . G/tflVS I0 + Grimfton of their manners. Lindfchoicn, lib . z: Leo deferiptm of Africa. ManTrm form'd : O r, feen with their teethjtheirfpit- tle ilabbering forth, for which and the more gallantry) they weare a bung of wood one in each hole, and he which can have them of lead, is a com- pleat Gallant) for that mc-tall is much eftee- med. In Peru they make holes in their Cheeks in which they put Turquoifes and Emeralds, thisisalfo part of the Erafile- ans cruell bra- very. Thofe who are called by the people of p . . Congo Giachi) but by themfelves Jlg&go have more hlf Relation of terrible and prelumptuous countenances, making Congo. lines above the lips upon their Cheeks, with cer- taine Iron inftruments. The T he Artificiall Changling. 165 Check- mar= kers condem- ned. ihrvi.- [cratch their cheeks The Roman dames of old were wont to teart and Hieron. Bt^. H'ift, Novi. orb. tngriefc ( 'which in feme fart of Ame- rica, they dee in ftgn of joy) info- much, as the Se- nate taking notice VYm.7fat.Hifi. thereof, made an tditt again si it , commanding that no woman fhould in time to come, rent or [cratch their Cheeks, in grief e and forrow , becaufe the Cheeks are the feat of mod/fly and [tame. What would thofe grave fathers have done, if fuch a fafhion had been taken up amongfl them, as had made a [tame full inrode or thorough p aff, age in the feat of mirth and modefly ? furely in their zeale to naturall modify, they would not have thought them worthy to live : It feems theft men would have more mouths if they could, and rather then fade, they would fpoile one to make many, which in d fight of Natures continex- cy fo to doe , disfiguring the Face , which is the picture of the Face divine, is an injury no reafon can ever ex- cuft, no charity pardon j Verily thefe Nations oppofe tbepurpofeefGod, of dignifying the body ofi man, who •by thefe fond waits of tranfgrefion, put Cods Or- gan out of tune, that difeempofe, wound,teare and brand their bodies , with fuch a phantaflicall violence. No man ever hxtedbis own bodie, and yet no outward E- ttemie is able toabufe their bodies, astheirownyban- taflicalneffe , Xnc»ffions on the check of old forbidden C/t&Tyo 166 Man T rans form'd : O k, ’ taficalmffe. They pretend indeed (all of them) to fludic mo ft of all bodily bandfomeneffe, to be gallant , comely , gratious and acceptable j and yet they mofl Jhamefully deforme and dejlroy it and make that loath feme , which all their care was to make amiable . Now as for thefe bodily in fei fions , fuch as anciently the Pi&s did make, and thefe f wages doe yet make At this day, they have been anciently very expriffely for- bidden in the Law of God given by Mofes. For it ii not law full for us t to disfigure the Image and the forme that God hath given unto us, by making fo many idle - holes to thefolution of the naturall continuitie of the whole skin . Vpen consideration of this and other horrid abufes of the parts, I have fometimes thought bow Ga- len would have look‘t if (during the compofure of that Divine Hymne de ufu partium, which he made to the honour of mans Creatour , and to the fetting forth his ineffable wifdeme in the admirall contrivance of fo (lupendious a ftruttun)be had hadaCdrallary of thefe pr&Eitcall abufi s of the parts prefented unto him 5 Cer- tainly the Noble Pergamite would have fwoln big with indignation , and out of Ze ale to Nature, have t hun- dred loud again ft thefe her wretched ant agont ft $, which would have proved apafston very well becommtnghit Pen, SCENE T be Artificial! Changing, l 167 a npJ r' Scene X. Mouth Fajhions and Oral l £\tonftro- fitiet. He Canibals of Fort-Famine in Purcha* the Country of Africa, have Ftf&imagti wide Mouths from Eare to Eare, which is fomewhat proportionable tothem 5 who are men degenerated into the nature of ravening Woolves. The People of the Province Mericus Vef- of Zanzibar have a great Mouth. p,uu * ' The Matrons of Secota in Florida have wide Mouths, which is the qualification alfo (as I take 1 gnmg * it) of the Perfian dames. In Cumana^ wide Mouth is moft in fafhion at idem Courtjthe beauty u of the petty Queens much con- fifting therein A a In Wide Mouths were infathk© Idem, \68 Man Transform d: O r . In Turkey, the women are ac- counted mod beautifull, that have wideli Mouthcs. And you may be fure they ufe art to have them fojfors things in fafhion women will be fure to have, this being a maxim in our practical me- tamorphofis,that what ever irregularity of beau- ty growcs^once fafhionable. Art is called in to aifift affc£tation,and to force Nature into it. The magnitude of the Mouth, abates an fw erst he flrengtb of the teeth : For, thofe creatures that have great opening oft he Mouth, at the Lion and the Woolf e, have robufi teeth, among which for the mofl part the cute eoccell 5 but who have little mouths , t as man jbey have teeth lefft ftrong, amongfl which the broad teeth or Crinderrfier the mofl part are more valid. For, as all they greedily devour ,frwitk great gobbets ,becaufttbey have a hot (Jcmack, and are abates in perpetua/lmo - tion ; ft man, wit h care and [mall morfels , which he alfo diligently chawetb with his grinders, by reafen of the debility cfhkjtomack . 7 hofe Phyfiogncmcrs there- fore are in an trrour 3 who from a large Mouth, great robufi and thick teeth, teach us to pronounce of the for- titude of a man ; F or, the mouth wot not given to man to fight with , as to a dog and Lion, that from the like mouth The Artificiall Changing. i StfSggfi mou'.h they fhould inf err the like difpofition.Man had a mouth given him for the better preparing his meat for his ftcmack , for breathing , and for fpeecb jfor which a little mouth was held fuffcient. For women then ( in whom a little Mouth was ever held mofi com - mendable, and that by reafon of I know not what Analogy is wont to be deduced thence ) to affect com- mendation of beaut) from a wide Mouthy is very (l range, and much derogating from the honefly of Nature , and her ordinary juflice : for,t he deduction or longitude of the Mouthy fhould but equall the lon- gitude of the Eye, which extends from the outward angle to the Lachrymall ; fo that the longitude of the Mouth is duple to the ninth part of the longitude of the Face , and the Nofe fhould beare a ffquialterd proportion unto it, and the width of the Mouth fhould be but as much againe as the bottom of the Ncf ? near the Mouth, the circumference of it double y and the deduction of it treble 3 to the longitude of the Nofe: fo that the whole longitude of the Face, fl)ould beare a fefquialtera proportion to the comp aJJ e of the Mouthy or to the J pace contained between the corners of the Eye, for this f pace fhould e quail the compafje ( alfo ) of the Mouthy and the circumference of the Eare ought to be unif mi The fir ft joy nt ( like wifi ? ) towards the hand in the middle finger, fhould be as much as the Mouthy if you meafurethe bow of the lip with a thread •. \for if you meafure it right in the longitude of the empty Mouth, that part of the finger would ex- ceed it. But for women to aff eft to be f parr qw mou- thed, as great a SoUcifme, as the reafon of that impotent fexe can yell be guilty of: For whereas they make account to gain beauty thereby y they rather f uffer Aa 2. dammage t Monftfeui conformations of Mouths, Mela lilt 4, t^’3k Sollnus.eap, 3 1 * Plinie lib. 6 iap.lo. Petr. Apian. Cofmograph z. pan cap. 3 . Maadevils Travels } t*p,&i Simonidcr. ijo MitnTramformd: Or,’ dammage by a Mouth fo heavenly wide 5 for the la- titude and amplitude of the Mouth appertained to the infpiration of greater quantitie of aire , and if with that amplitude of Mouth there be conjcynd the fignes of a coldifh heart ( which for the mo ft part is the feminine temper ) it will necejfarily fellow , that the heart-firings of thefe women mufi be very much perf rigerated , by reaf on of the inward def eft of heat , and the advenient pevffigeration of in fired aire . Beyond E^ypt } and the defarts of the Macrobi- ans, there aremonftrous Men, that havemon- ftrous Mouths, andfome with concreate lips. Solinw faith, that fome of the Ethiopians have Labia Concreta^oi conjoyned lips, with a hole on- ly in the middle^ Plinie fpeaks of fome Nations that have but one hole in their Face. In Afia> where there are found Men of mani- fold fhapes, and wonderfull Effigies, and mon- firous kind of Men j.about the head of the River Ganges in India^ there are a Nation called Aflomi , that have no Mouth, living onely by breathing and Odours. They of the Ifiand called Dodyn in the Indies and the adjacent Ifles, hate flat Mouths without lips, and there are dwarfes that have no Mouth, but a round little hole, through which they eat their meat with a pipe, have no tongue, nor fpeake, but they blow and whiffle* and fo make fignes unto ©ne another. Simonides reports, that the Attique and Argive women, had Labia fafiigiata , high copped lips, form whence they were called Pboxichili , the 7 : ' 7 7,7 " ’ Latins The Artificiall Changling. lyi i/T£\4 Aloifius Ca- damuft. Kornmannua de vivemm wiim. Latines (I think ) call ftich Chilones. There is a Na- tion in JE t bio- pi a> named Aza- naghi, who have their lower lip hanging down very low, who are fain to feafon it with fair, left itfhould putrify with the infecti- on of the .aire, fait being there a, a great commodi- ty? becaufe of the neceffity of its ufe upon this occafion 5 their perpendent lips hang down above a cubitelow, and therefore that Nation is repor- ted to be dumb, and this Nation wanting a beard? doe nourifh fuch a pendent lip. The People of Gambra , not farr from Jay 3 are Munfter ctf : deformed, their neither lip hanging down to their Breft : and therefore their teeth appeare, which are greater then ours, and they have two here and there more eminent then the reft, and is apt inwardly to putrify? of which deformity being confcious, they trade with their neighbours the Arabicks, without fight or conference, leaving their commodities in a certaine place? for which they have Gold in exchange, their upper lip being little as ours. This Hiftory is fo remarkable, that it deferves , to have all the circumftances annexed unto it: A a 3 take g,ZX°! 172 ManTr uniform d: Or, j take therefore what Mr. JoLfm in the the dif- toyeryofthe courfe of his golden trade fets downc con- /Kh?r Gambia; cern j n g t his Nation, and the trade of the Barkary Moore with them j It is certaine (faith he ) that when they come up into the Country, where they have their chiefcft trade, they doe obferve one fet time and day? to be at a certaine place, whereas houfes are appointed for them, wherein they finde no body, nor have the fight of any perfons. At this place they doe unlade their commodities! and laying their fait in feverall heapes, and likewife fetting their beades, brace- lets? and any other commodities in parcels toge- ther? they depart, and remain away for a whole day, in which day? comes the people they trade withall, and to each feverall, laies down a pro- portion of gold, as he values it? and leaving both the gold and the commodities, goes his waies : the Merchant returning againe, as he ac- cepts of the bargaine, takes away the gold and lets the commodity remaine, or if he findes there is too little left, divides his commodity into ano- ther part ; for which he will have more at the unknowne peoples return? they take to them- felves where they fee the gold is gone? and cither lay more gold? or take away what was laid be- fore? and remaines in lufpence : So that at the Merchants third time, bis bargaine is finiftied; for either he findes more gold, or the firft taken away, and his eommoditie left? and thus it is faid, ' they have a juft manner of trading and never lee one another, to which is added, that the reafon why thefe people will not be feen, is, for that they T be Artificiall Cbangling. 173 they are naturally born with their lower lip of that greatnelfe, it turnes againe and covers the great part of their bofome, and remaines with that rawnclfe on the fide that hangs down, that through occalion of the Suns extreame heat, it is ftill fubjed to putrifadion ; fo as they have no meanesto prefeFve themfelves? but by continuall calling fait upon it, and this is thereafon fait is lopretious amongft them, their Country being fo farr up in the Land, naturally yields none. In an Ifland belonging to the great King of Bo- ■dyrh are foule men, that have their lips about e ap. 6 *. their mouth fo great, that when they deep in the Sun? they cover all their faces with their lips, v [\nxat.Mfl. They report that in the Inland parts of the Eaft? lib. is. cap. 30.* there are Nations that have no upper lip. Schen- Sehenkius »b- Uw fpeaks of an honeft matron, who had from i s [ vat ' * * *" her nativitie, her upper lipfo curt and fhort, that it fcarce fufficed to cover her upper teeth? not without a deformed afped. Itisobferved that all of the houfe o lAuflria^ haveafweet fulnelfeof the lower lip. The Au- blrian Lip being at this day, therefore by good right? in high efteem. The Sultan of Cambaia , hath his upper lip fo large and prominent? that he can binde his head with them? as well as women doe with their haire. ' The Idand Mozambique-) the men and women Loi. Km Pa. have lips two* fingers. thick. mvlgatM.v In Cafena a Region of Africk neer JEtbiopia , there are men who have prominent Lips of a raonftrous Ihape and thicknelfe, which Cardan^^.^ ^ feems w * ! ■ * Prodigious Lips, LeoHljl Afri* ® x.hh.j, Magin. Gcogr: Africat. X - 174 . .Mjw 7 " ransfirm'd : O k] Teems to impute to the prevari- cation of art j and a fafhion re- ceived as comely among them ;for he reckons four n caufes of thcfe Teeming won- ders, or prodigi- ous fhapes of v men. Religion Propagation, Di- et and Art j the latter whereof wee have juft caufe to accufe of a ridiculous a&ivity, which muft needs redound to the prejudice of Nature in her operations, yet they have more partners in this folly 5 for the Tartars are all illfavoured and thick Lipp'd.They of Cajfara black as pitch : the Egyptian Moores and the Ethiopians have all thick lips, and the Indians love thofe who have Tuch lips. A certaine nameldfe Poet lpeaking of the E- thiopians , thus writes 5 Quem nifi vox hominem Labris emiffa f onaretj ‘Terrerent vif os horrida Labra viros. Have not thef ? men hands to take their meat with: that they [mould thus labour y as if they meant to gather it up with their Lips as the Beafts l unlefjeit were to [weep a manger 5 they can have uo ufe of fuch Lips j for it muft necejjarily be a meanes to hinder their ffeech T be Artificiall C bungling. 17 5 “ , fpeecb by thickning their lips-, at experience teach etb in thole who either by Nature or by accident haze thick 3 fwoln, blstbber lips , caufmg them to f peak in their mouth , uttering their words very baldly and , indiflindly, and afjuredly the fame or worfe must be- fall thefe artificiall Labions 3 /er their Lips muff . needs hang in their lights and their words ff ickin the birth , unrvealiy Tourers out of fpeecb occafton a hinderance to their delivery. ' It hath been the infelicity of many Men and women among us 5 and in other countries 3 to have dt'iff.buaanf - the upper Lip? not whole and entire, but cloven ^f.Morb. . and parted in themidft,fuch'as we callhare-Lipsj Mizaidus Me- • which happens when women great with child wdbjb. cw. unexpectedly fpy a hare, or are croffed by one, ou Lm*™' long for fuch meat, eat of it 5 or a hare fuddenly £/i t.Uifl. leaps on their head 5 for then ufually they bring '■ forth Infants, with their upper lips bifid and clo- taf. 8. ven in two parts, perpetually detaining this Lip ! divided between their Mouth and noftrils, which daily experience doth confirme,unle{fe forthwith from the beginning they ufe that meanest which thePhificall Corrector hath prefcribed for the re- ducing of this deformity, the manner of whofe o- Par*us de £<- peration,you may finde in Partus, Schenckius , and sch^Ss^»- Mocciw the Phyfitian. fervat de Ubiii Wee reade of monftrous Nations, whereof fV 1 *. 1 *?-, . fomehave their mouths in their {boulders, and 5^“^ f,#r * fome that have them in their breaft. Bb SCENE r,.g.n.mry. Man Transformd: O r , 252 cck' 4»S &£>4*S dfdf 4^? £■£>•& S v4*>p'§i ,”W,< £ Scene XI- Lip gallantry, or certaine Labiall fashions invented by divers No* tions . Lindfchoten. Montaignes Etfaies. Purchis Tllgl *i ldb.fi He Giachi , their Ornament, is to have their Lips branded with red hot Ironsjefpccially their up- per Lips, and fo make ftreakes and lines in them. The Indians have their nei- ther Lips in great circlets, befec with pre- cious ftones , which cover all their chins, deeming it an dfentiall grace to fhew their teeth to the roots* The Macuas not farr from TuiAf /vmhldue ) ifltry amon in The Artificial! Changing. 17 7 Lip-gaiij jng other notes of their gallantry, have holes their Lips:> in the upper of which they put little pegs of “ wood, as big as a hens quill, of a finger long, ftic- king right out like a nai le, in the lower [Lip they weare a lea- den bung,fo ciofe and heavy that the Lip fals to the beards (hew- ing their gums and filed teeth, that they feem divils:this is their gallantry, or ra- ther loathfome bravery 5 for when they are fad they leave thefe holes open, and many others of their owne making. The effigies of the Kin g of Quc- niambec , which Aldr a rm and not defended by the counter skarfe of the lips, a benefit of Nature , which thefe Nations feeme to reject. Their fecond ufeis Ly their foftnefje to temper the hardnefje of the teeth ? for they are thin and flexible-^ that they might be rendred more apt for motion 3 and more ha- bile for the letting out and intercifion of air and they d^nguifh the ref raffed voice between the teethj and pkrgeth aire that is te be drawn into the inward parts , and infomuch as they cover the mouth : they alfo adcfy/nuch Ornament unto the face, whence they who havd-lofi their Lips y that the gums are feen, provtdeforfhed ; and for a Nation to ajfefl f uch a de- formity , is a fi range folic ifme, committed againft the honefly and jaftice of Nature. They helpe to retaint fpittle in the mouth 5 left it fhould continually flow out 3 as it happens in decrepit men and ckildren 3 whofe Jdps are fof 't and refolved : as alfo they help the re- jeflion of fpittle 5 both which Actions are frufirated and de(lroyed by the def acing fafhion of the bored Lips 5 fo fljamefully worne by fome of the recited Nations. They were given for the pouring out of fpeechi and forming of the veyce , which must needs be kindred by their praBife, which with rings and Jewels play at / uch lofing , loadum with their Lips: they are given to all creatures , for the commo ditit of eating and drinkings which, thefe by their filthy fine- neffe fomewhat impeach 5 and therefore fome of thetft are fo well advifed , as to yield to the neceffitie of Na~ ture 3 and to unloade their Lips when they eat . Thelc The Artificial 'l Cbangling. 1 83 iSMT Thefe naturallufes of the mouth, Tome other Nations feemnotto underftand) or elfc are wil- fully ignorant of that freedome, which the law Fll &* of Nature affords in the ufe of it. For the Nu- Leo in bit dt~ midianSj of the better fort, cover their, heads fafoumit with a piece of black cloath, part whereof like Af “ c *' a vifard or maske, reacheth down over their fa- ces) covering all their countenance except their eyes 3 fo oft as they put meat into their mouths they remove the faid maske 3 which being done 5 they forthwith cover the mouth againe, allcad- ging this fond reafon :For (fay they) as it is un- feemly for a man after he hath received meat in- to his ffomackjto vomit it out of his mouth againe and calf it upon the earthy fo it is as unde cent a part} to eat meat with a mans mouth uncovered : with whom it feemsthe covering of the mouth is ob- served with e quail mode jly , as the covering of the feet by the Jews : had Nature expelled any f uch com- plements fhee would have made a flap or cover for the mouths which the fondnejje of thefe men feems to 1 have de fired , neither would fhee have feated the mouth inf 0 eminents open 3 and confpicuous a place. But this is nothing fo derogating from the boneflie M un ft cr Co f. of Natures as the fond conceit of the Azanegi, who mgr aph lib. 6 . cover their mouthssbeing as much afjjamed to dif cover ca ?’ SOi them 5 as their privities : therefore they carry about Aloys Cada- thcir mouth sright as a fame full parts 'bee aufeforf ooth mfl-Navigat. the mouths & & finke-> alwaies fends forth fame evill ' * favours neither doe they uncover it 3 unlefje when they eat. The Guineans take their meat torne in pieces Purcha»p/ 7 g. ; with the three midmoft fmgcrsjand gaping, caft it - C c J fo The Mouth Biif-fcd. PurehtsPi/g/, i Idem Piter , 2 . ili’, 6. Grimftonc #/ tbeir ma~ mrs . 184. Man T raw farm’d : O r, io right into their mouthss that they never fade, or caft it befides : a thing much wondred at by fomc Travellers that obferved them. Had Nature made the hands too fhort to reach their mouths 5 theymight have pleaded needfity for this pitch-cat-like feeding.- but the hands, as Ana- tomifts well obferve,were fo placed 3 and endowed with fuch a length, that they might equally reach the mo uth on either fide. Anl’wcrable to which abfurdity is the cuftome of the people of Candou Ifland, who ufe finger-fpoonc-s, uiing no other for any liquid thing, nor rice, norhonie 3 but take them with their fingers, which they doe fo neatly and nimblyj without lofing any thing; for they account it the greateft incivilitie in the worlds to let any thing fall ineating. In Fejje alfo and Bar harp finger-fpoons are in failiion. They of Gea alfo, eate their pottage with their hands, mocking at the ufe of Ipoons, as it they were uncivill. Indeed the people of Numidia-, eat out of their fift, and the hand the naturall difh out of which they drink their milke 3 as a moft fit inftrument framed by nature for that end. Whence Dioge- nes of old, perceiving one to drink water out of his hands threw away his difh 5 a good honeft frugall invention, no way contradidtorie to the intention of Nature, for they advance it up to the Lips. But although Nature may feem to have intended the hand for a difh , yet there is mere doubt to be made, whether fhe intended the fingers for fpoons to that difh, and to have allotted The Artificiall Cbangling. 185 allotted five fpoons to every difh. But it is plain by the full length and pofition of the hand, (con- **" trarieto the Grobian\a.w) that Nature never in- tended the hand to be as a forke to pitch meat as unchopthay into the mouth. They of Goa, and other of the Malabar s, drinke Pureh« ?%. out of a copper Can with a fpout, whereby they ltbt I0 « let the water fall down into their mouths 5 and ne- ver touch the pot with their Lips, for that they abhorre. They of Goa ufe for their drinking, certaine Grimftone/f thin vclfels made of black earth 5 the which are rttir mamtn. pierced in the neck, they call them Gargoleites-, Llndfchttenlik. for that he that drinketh lifteth up the veffell, and iwP W not touching it with hisLips 3 receives the water bythofe little holes 3 the which doth gozle and make a plcafing noile. They hold this manner of drinking more civill, to the end they defile not the cup with their mouths, which are fometimes uncleane. They that come newly out of Portu- gal and will drinke after this manneF, fpill much water upon their doaths 5 for that they know not how to ufe the cup : they call fuch men Reynolze in mockage 3 You may finde this plea- fant relation very largely and handfomely re- presented in Lindfchatens Travels. I remember I fan? a porter (whom I had imployed ) drink up a flagon of beere with his hand held r , very high from his lipSj without ever fo much as gulping f or the matter, which I taking notice of, he told me he had been among the Malabars, where if he fhould have gulped or have drunk any other wife he might have had hti throat cut. Cc 2 Car- miftaken. trx\s S'£r° f 186 Afd« Transform'd: O k, Cardan remembers? that when- he was a boy-, h e faw a certaine German (a Colonell ) who was wont ^ 7 / 8 ° * ^ t0 ^ rin ^ e c ^ ovpne vplne with an unmoved throat ; But he rangeth it among other very admirable properties offome men. But it f terns our Malabars thinke that Nature gave ns not lips to drink with , as Anatomies informe w, neither would our proven be , many things happen between the cup and Lip , be ever endeni- zed among them , who never let the cup and Lip meet. The T ovopinambanltianS) when they drink they never eat , and when they eat they never drink , and they wonder at our cufiome who eat and drinke toge- ther by turnes : And if any fiould compare them in this to horfes , the anfwer was made by a witty fel- low, that there is a difference - y for the Barbarians need not to be led to water , ft nee there was no feare , that theyfhould be conft rained ta break their halters. Frenchmen, who never drinke, but they eat, would make an excellent medly with thefemen at a Banquet or Potation. Surely thefe Tovopinambaultians ad- here to the old afjertion, a popular tenent in our dales? exploded by the learned Enquirer into com- mon errors ; that there are deferent paf ages for rneat and drink, the meat or dry aliment defending ly one the drink, or moi fining vehicle by the other : ivhich contradiffeth experience, and the Theorieof Anatomie and the ufeot parts , for at the throat there are two cavities or conducing parts, the one theOefc- phagus gullet? or feeding channell? feated next the ffine, a part ojficiall unto nutrition, the other (by which is conceived the drink doth paffe) is the wea- zen rough arterie or windpipe, a part infervient to the voice? and re (hi rat ion ; for thereby the airede- - feendeth TbeArtificiaH Ch angling. i8yw‘J% f f b " fcendeth into the lungs, and k communicated unto the heart . Againt, befldes theft parts defined to divers offices , there is a peculiar provifion for the windpipe, that is a Cartilagineous flip upon the opening of the Larinx §r throate, which hath an open cavttie for the admiflion of the aire j hut leaf thereby either meat or drink fhould defend, providence hath placed the Epiglottis, Li gala, or flap , like an Ivieleafe, which alwaies clofeth when ive [wallow, or when the meat and drinke pafftth over it into the gullet, lefl any fhould Jltde into the rough arterie , or feme crumb (as we uft to fay) fhould goe awry e K_And the contrivance of Natures ‘artifice in this flap is very remarkable ; which leing rigid and erett by ‘Ifature, byreafonof its firmer and flriffer connexion in the hollow of the bone Hyoides, it is alwaies deteintd ereft by the inter- vetoing of a thicker ligament, bi reaftm of tbtntcefli- ty of re filtration, wherein our life confifis, whereby the pipe of the rough arterie remaines open, lefl the heart fhould be fujfocated, notwithfiandiug being flex- ible, that it might perfectly [but the chinks upon which it is recalled , when wee (wallow cur meat and. drink, by whofe weight it is depreffed, lefl any thing during the time of eating and drinking fhould fall into the wea- zon , having [wallowed them, prefently like a firing it is lifted up, and returnes to its poflttre : ft that if we fpeake in the very a£l of eating or drinking , that will be enforced to open, to let out the matter of fieech, which is the breath, and ft expofld ; If any meat or drink imprudently fall into the Arterie , it ftraightwaies fir angles or excites a cough, untill by the force of the breath it beeje-tfed, becaufe that thing de. funding, hinders re fixation s and fo confequently Cc 3 fieech, The inconve- niences of ea ting without thinking. 188 ManTramfomd: Or, fpeech • wherefore Nature necejfarily rifeth up to the expulfion of it. And this is the reafon xvhy a man cannot dnnke and breathe at the fame time , and that if we laugh while we drinke,the drink flies out at the noflrils , and why ; when the water enters the weazen, men are fuddenly drowned . Verily thefe men anfwer net theintmtion of Nature, nettlxr cherifh their hodie fe well as otberwifethey might . And they had need feed very warily and filently (as they dot) for meat being in its own Nature corpulent , compatt andgroffe, and fometimes dtvouredin great er gobbets then is ex- pedient, fometimes being harder as not well chawed , fometimes gluttimus and clammy , and therefore apt to flick in the gullet • for many times the meat when it is not well fljread is deteinedin its pajfage: And to remove downward this deteined Bolus, we fland in need of drink 5 and therefore drink may not be only efieemed the Vehicle of aliment through the mofl narrow regions of the veines , but its Vehiculum in all places and not ontly through the whole gullet, but alfo where the meat dtfeends from the gullet into the fiomack, by the benefit of this liquid vehicle it is carried through the whole bottom of the ventricle, and runs out alfo to the right fide. On the other fide the gullet is foft and net open , as the rough artery is, but eajtly fals upon it felfe , and ftaiesthe defeent of meat, which otherw/fe, it was convenient flmld defend as foone as may be, as well for the comprepon of the adjacent parts, astheflo - mack, left it foul'd delay the coneoilion of the meat . And although Nature not thinking fit to commit this necejfary aftion, to the weight oncly of the meat , whereby it is moved of it felfe, would have ft mo- wed of another : and potwnbfl andi rg that the gullet moveth T be Artificiall Ch angling. 18 9 moveth the meat into the ftomack by natural 'l inftru- ments,that is ly freight Fibres not only attracting it* l utthr ufting & pr effing it down by tranfverf e Fibres'* jet fhee hath ordained with all amufcle ( to wit an in- urnment of the fou/e , which by a voluntary motion drives and thrufts down the meat into the sfomackj and this mafcule is featedat the beginning of the gul- let* having a tranfuerfe or orbicular pojition and laid over the gullet, it comprehends it and drawes it together j and by conft ringing * thrufts the meat forcibly into the ftomack* pr effing it downe and dri- ving it forward. Therefore when the meat, thruf from the mouth to the beginning of the gullet, and freight ned in and compreffed by the tranfverf ? muf- cule, and being constrained to pajj'e by the gullet, and forthwith attracted by the right Fibres, and by a conveniency of qualitieof the ventricle* and driven forward, and in a manner comprefsd or al ogethtr comprefsd by the tranfverf e Fibres* comes freight in- to the fomack y the action of the gullet, that is de- glutition, is performed and consummated, the aftion being animad and partly Nat ur all. And that this ftronger motion is required in the top of the gullet, the Larinx is the caufe, which being of a thick body cartilagi neons and rigid, and placed at the be- ginning of the gullet, it had altogether kindred the ingrefje of meat into the gullet* unleffe Nature had here confituted amufcules the opifex of deglutition $ neither would this mufculefuffce, by reafon of the thick and hard body of the Larinx* oppofed unto thegateof the gullet, unleffe the Larinx at the infant of deglutition fjould recurve it f ?lf e upward, and un- locke the compreff ed mouth of the fiomack * for it ap- pear es How Degluti- tion is perfor- med. Shoufgui. 150 Man Transform’d: Or, a PP eareS y that when the meat doth recurve the La - rinx fide-way to the Epiglottis, and [huts the chink, prohibiting the breath to ijjue outy then that the chink may be opened , and rejpiration madey the La- ri nx as it were compelled , afcends upwards , andfo the gullet gapes : neither doth it a]c end only up- wards, but it is moved and deduced outward and for- ward, and dr awes together with it the gullet forward and outward, therby to draw back and free it from the compreffure of thefpine,and open it in its orificeyandfo the meat eafily enters into it, and in the ingrefje the tranfverfe mufcule rifeth up to its work. Yet as Brafav.ca#Md Braiavola notesy there are many that drink without ^ Je mor ving°f Tranfglutition 5 but that which they acid. drink defcends as if it were poured into a tankard, as the nurfe of his eldesifou Renatus was wont to doe. In this cafe they need no mandent member. But he [dies this is rare and beftdes Nature as it is befides Nature to have any adion vitiated, for that happens but rarely to men. Thefe are the only men who feem able to deny that the gullet or inner pipe of the Neck, the meat-pipe . or viand-pipe hath any pul like allion, and that it is the way and paffage onely, and doth nothing but as it is pervious and hallowed alohg, therein it afforded) a way and paJJ age to the meat. But addon is a motive adion , which is brought forth of it felfe y and it is not an adion , or doe, to be a wayy but only a ufe, which is in all that doe nothing. If the gullet fljould ad, its adion would altogether eonfiH about meat and drink ^ but if it carry the unconfeded meat, it works nothing upon the meat, and therefore there is no adion of the throat f Yet in-the judgment of thebeft Anatomies The Artificial!. Cbangling. 191 » k r Anatomifis, it hath a pnblick aff'ten, which alt oge- therrefpefts meat and drinks: and it ha way, inaf- much at it is hotl wed, but unleffe it jhould atl that way {infootb) would be unprofitable and vaine : Tet we mufi confeffe , that drinke perchance by reafon of its thin and flttxile fulfidnce, would flow down- wards 5 although it is wellknowne, that matter Unit Iraducedtborough the body , as it were by (lone-gutters, but is d; (fenced and moved by faculties. Now al- though thefe men cherijh not Nature fo well as 0- t her wife they might , yet the (Hence which they obferve wealing, is very admirable and JuitaHe to the cautio- nary provifion of Nature j for they deferre their conference untiU feme other time : We ( faith the Relator ) who violate their cufiome by mixing words with our meat , were laughed at by them ; and in- deed by their Sympofiack fleet ce they better fccotre thtmfelves in this point then we doe: For although eating and fpeaking be both common Athens of the mouth, yet Nature cannot mind all things together, but would have us hoc agerej and therefore the met hod of the diverb isgood-.Flrfi ftridor Dentiunv^#altura Silentium, and lap rumor Gentium ; Which in Feftivals adjournes difeourfe, untill the belly be full, at what time men are at better leafure, and may more feeurely venture upon table talks, T he obfervation of which Nat urall rule, might havtfaved Anacreons life, who endangering htmfclfc this way , died bf 'he feed of a Grape . In Candou Ifland , the people have a fafhion 5 Vil ^' that while they eat, none dare fpit or cough, but they muft rife and goe forth) contrary to the pra&icall rule of the Grobians , and indeed fome- D 4 what i p2 Man 'Transform’d : O r, what againft the freedome and libcrcic of Na- ture, although indeed thefe actions are fomc- what importune and unwelcome guefts at Eeafts. SCENE The MaIcUvc* The Artificial! Ch angling. x 93 Beard-hater?* Scene X II- Bear debaters > or the opinion and fra- Bife of diverfe Nations ^concerning the natural! Enfigneof Manhood appearing about the mouth . He Maldives (have their up- PmchaS p - /& ; per and lower lip, and all z jib. 90 parts about the mouth, be- caufe they would not for any thing in the world? be- ing eating and drinking, to touch a hair? being the grea- teft naftinefle and filthinelfe in the world 5 for, finding one haire in a platter of meat, they will not touch it, but remaine ra- ther without eating, giving it to the birds and other creatures. So ftrid are they in their neat fuperftition. L Thefe Men by their pradife feem to be angry, that Nature hath planted haire about the Mouth , a thing very derogatorie to the honour of Nature, with whom Scaliger ( when hit memory failed him ) feems to ajjent , fuppofmg that by reafon of their por- tion and corporiety befetting the upper Lip , and c loa- thing the mouth , they lye between^tbe mouth and D d 2 holes StT " 8 1 54 Man T rans form'd : O r, holes of the No Brils , and prove troubhfome to the Nofe nnd Mouth 5 too nicely) with all, olferving that the encreefe of the fe hai/ es placed about the mouth, hanging down %iery long , ( being as a hedge about the mouth ) did hinder the ingrefje , and egrejje of thcfe things for whofe fake Nature had formed the mouth, rvhofe Office was ctmmefiien^ or aff umption of [olid aliment, the potatio-n of the fame aliments but liquid , expuition,and locution) and fometimes re fir a - tion-, to the which Offices the Lips could not be prompt and ready, befieged with fuch long and propendent Mustachces , as the Senfes teach m } for although we endeavour to prevent thefe Muftacho-haires while we i eat, yet they defeend, and entring together with the meat into the mouth are bitten with the teeth, whofe peeces we are compelled 5 either to fit out 5 or fometimes imprudently to devour : and if we drink, thefe haircs fwim in our drinke , moyflened with whofe f rink- ling dew they drop down upon the beard of the Chin, and Cloaths, which is an unfeemly fight j wherefore to prevent thefe inconvenienceS)we are fame to wipe them : in fetting, they interrupt the excrement for j that which is efelied beifatters and faults them > • which is an odious fight not to be endured. How they hinder and diffurbe elocution every man cannot fo reachlj perceive, they only are able to judge, who can diftinguifh the leaf difference of voices. Their gra- vity and weight may alfo of end the upper Lip, and ren- der it unfit for a more eafie motion. Thefe are the waies which fome have conceived they might po Js ibly be offenfive & noxious to the ufes of com- mon life, which is acomplaint & cavitation analogic all to that, of Plinies of the nakednefje of maniand as vain , ' ' as 7 be Artificial! Changling. 19 5 g*3t? as his. They are no more ofienfive than other haires-s which if not regulated by our praBique IntelleB-) their increafe may chance to prove feme what troublefome 5 neither were they without reafon placed about the mouth,and therefore to cut all away 3 is as unfeemely as to (have the Crefi of a Lyon , beingplaced there for cer- taine ufes and ends. And as for their 0 fen five and unprofitable length 3 Nature would have thefe particles (for fo haire may be called) their fafoion and more ample quantity to be regulated at ones pleafure and ar- bitrement. wherefore (he called mans underfit anding (rr the humane IntelleB as a companion to trim and keep this Fabnque for her fey vice j by this neceffity promoting his care and regard of himfelfe. But that he (hould (have or puU up the quick-fet hedge 5 Na- ture never meant he (hould > and it were but an ill- favoured piece of husbandry fo to do : prune it he may for the majefty and honefiy of Nature , which doth not only fhine bright in the Organic all parts , but in all ihe accidents of the body . The Tartars fhave their upper Lips, and warre with the Perfians r or not doing fo, Thefe men i and Purchju P,7|r, %( l A 1 . he upper Lip ■is naturall Orna- ment ywhich among til the parts which mfiitute SS 1 9 ^ Man 7 ram form'd : O r, confitute the heard is ptisi ly thought to he of greatefl dignity j Supenour even according to that regular proportion of Nature or Phyficall Axiome , which is , that they are mofi according to Nature-) which if not alwaieSj yet at leash do often happen } and if we con- fultuith Serfs , and will not he refraffory to its infor- mation and judgement , we fhall pnd,that if men have any Beard they have fome on the upper lip-y there be- ing rarely , if any , to he found that do not jprout , al- though the other harhall parts he hare , and ample te- flimonies hereof we have from the common fence of men^nhich is not to be negleBed when it feconds the truth of Nature yfuch men being looked upon as mon- gers who are defiitute by Nature of the Beard in the upper Lip andChin^and have fome under their Chin , and upon their Cheeks. Thefe are rare in mankind-, and with the tyranny of no Rafor can you ever extort A or fright out of the mind of men that ingrafted admi- ration wherewith they profecute frtch men who arc ut- terly voidof halreupon the Region of their upper Lip . All other Nations who Jhave the other Bar ball parts of the face refraine from this, be6aufe reafon it felfe feems to perfwade this verity , that this renowned part is net to be violated , neither doth that Edift of the Ephori \ any whit contradith this , who upon the entrance into their office forbad ^Lacedemonians tonoarijhtheir Muftacboes ; for they had a rcfpeft to aSymbolicall intent , Indeed fome there are , (fo prone aim are men to run into Err ours ) that dare to make this criminous pro- portion againff very Nature , that the hatres which grow on the upper Lip , which the Greeks call Mufia- choes , are fo unprofitable that they hinder the ufe of lift y a calumny pronounced again ft thcmajefiy of Nature , vkich net to retort 3 were by an execrable impiety in de- xrt the Divine Providwce^andfouldy to ap oft ate pom 'iis ineffable wifdome^ whereat we ought not to cavi'd at \rudent Tfature^which is the ordinary power of God , )ut fhoald rather deplore and bewails our condition , and tccufe our own float which is Jo tin ft to find out and nveffgate her ceunfds . He that will allow this fcandall indflander of Nature to be true , mufl conftffethat tv ill if quid pofitivnmj for the hairts of the Muflachoes \rt exigent . More thank full to Nature is the ingenious vlontaigne in his EJfticj in his private ackmwledg- M onta i g nes ntntyv here fyeaking of one who was wont to find fault Maks, nth Nature , that Jhe bad net made provtfion for a fweet who herein was allied unto them, who becaufe he would never have a Beard u(ed depilatories. Hdyn .China; The Chinajfe alfo have very thin Beards, confi- | * fting not of above twenty or thirty haires, a thing wondcrfull to behold, and when they would de- feribe a deformed man, they paint him with a thickBeard.lt is true, that there are fome that have Grimftone of t he Beard well fafhioned, and apleafingafped or tfoir manners. countcnance5 b U t the number of thefe is imall in regard of the reft ; and fome thinke that thefe men came from fome ftrange Country in old time, and did mingle with the Chinois> when it was j lawful! for them to go out of the Realme. Pet.Martyr, The BarUrians about the Haven of St Vincent t Decani. (. are Beard lefte, and in great feare of Bearded men, : upon which occafi on Gonfahes ufed a pretty po- licy of twenty five beardlefte youths, by reafon of their tender yeares, he made bearded men, by the poling of their heads, the haire being orderly compofed, to the end that the number cf bearded, might appeare the more to terrifie them if they , fhould Sr Jo. Mandc- vils Travels Cap, 6$. The Artificiall Ch angling. 205 {hould be alfaiied by war, as afterwards it fell out. The Catbaians and the Cumanans, moft of them T . . are bv Nature beasdleffe. ^ The People of Car that Tart ano wcare their Beards alfo thin. Some of the Broad-faced Tartars are Beard- Mun n.cofmeg le{fe,except that in the upper Lip, and on thcChin l 0, Boh '“- de they have a few volatile haircs. "■■tmM.... In Sumatrcfhs. men, although they have great Dim* nautica Eyebrows, have but little Beard, infomuch that Ea ' lAverur * the haires under their mouth may be numbred. In the King- dome of Mancy in great India , there men have Beards as it were Cats. In Elizabeths Ifland , toward theNorth of Vi r- ginia^ the men have no Beards, but counterfeits, as they did think our mens alfo were, for which they would have changed with fome of our men that had great Beards. what a Generation of [coffers of Nature haze we bere> who with their Pincers fight again ft her J ft Companions for the Apoftate Iulian, who ffiledhim- felfe Myfogopon, as much as to fay as the hater of a Beard, Sure the Beard was form'd and given to " Cl man Capl, Smiths Hip. -/Virgi- nia. IIb'S" 206' MtmTrmformd : O r, wan for fome end, the place , and dignity of the place, the time it appeares>and the jpecies of it [hem an or- nament. For the place, no man can deny the face to Le , one of the outward parts of the iody which hath an honeH' appearance j if the Face haze dignity, and a degree fuperlatize as it were of dignity, and there are feme Orders > This may jujlly Le accounted the mo(l hone ft of the honed parts 5 and nor thief, [tnce there are the chiefefi Organs of the SenjeS) the Instruments of the reafonahle joule •, and that in the face, as in a Glajje, the i/tefjable majefiy of the whole mart doth fhine. In which the Beard hath the chief eft place, be- ing planted in the part thereof , nhich the Ancients [hied the Temple of Goodnefje and Honed j. The time of its appearance denotes its uf eft is inchoate,and begins to come forth at a certaine definite and jpeci- fitpue time, (for man is not at once an Individuum and a fpecifique Individuum ) the libration of which mo- ments of time is chiefly conspicuous to God) and con- firmed by his Counfell , which dijpenfaticnof time is not without a myfery,to which all things created are fubjeded. I would we could understand the fulnefje thereof . ; but certainly for fome fpecifiqe end. From the Jpecies, or the kind of haire, may another Argument be taken of their reall worth : -^ll other haires, we fee, have their ufe and end, and can Nature be fo forgetful of her own inftitutions as to faile in this particular ? Superficiall Fhilcfophers do much pleafe themf elves with this Divifion, faying, that of thofe which are in the body, feme are the true parts of it, and others are not,to witfuch as proceed from the necefflty of mattrr, of which kind are the haireS) an excrement and not a part, and if a part altogether an excrementitious mate- The Artificiall Changling. 2 07 cf thc materiarie , and of no ufe : to which account the Beard muft be reduced which is all haire , a DoRrine popular and altogether erronious-, for , the Beard if an^ exigent part of the body and mofi neceJJ'arp and its neceffity is from its ufe and cffice it hath in the body^ not from the matter, or as they fap neceffity. Nature , which is the ordinary power of God, and the lively image of his wifdome, workes alwaies for an end 5 more effeciallytand mofi nobly doth fhe do it in the bo- dy of man-, the mofi’ nolle of all Creatures. Seme fay, the Beard was intended for a manly ornament’, for , man fens more venerable, e Specially if by age his haires be every where fairely and fuperabundantly cir- cumfufed, which Nature usually doth, leaving no part unpcliJhed,or unlaboured, or without Rythme 3 and ele- gancy, as worke enchafed in the bibs of Swords, which fometimes appearesi but is fometimes olf cured by the very filemlor of utility’, which conceit doth not well pleafe Placer us; for, ft aith he, if it was produced for an viu.m quaCu Elegancy, why da women then want it, in adorning whom Nature feemes to have been mo si ftudious, ana ' yet fhe would have them beardlejj e, which if it fame- times but lightly manifefi it f elje in thempnakes them mofi ugly ; others conceive one ufe of the Beard was for a muniment, and to cover theBarball parts on which they grow y but why the mans Chin rather than the womans fhould be covered, Holman confcJJ 'eth he feeth not. Tet Zo:iardus is of opinion, that the Beard was not only intended for an ornament 5 but for an ope- riment and Adjutor to the Maxillae, becaufe with their villofity they defend the Maxillary Nerves from being hurt by the too great frigidity of the aire 3 which granted, would much aggravate their Crime who fhave F f • thefe 208 Man Transform'd: O r theffp-irls . But lllmus, who bath faffciently vindi- Catedthe honcfy cf Nature in this matter ,in his lear- ned book-) intituled ', De fiae Birbsa Humana. (/ would be hai gone through the works ! ) or that I hadfeene bisTratt, Dc: redd Hominis figura, {if be liv'd to write it) He , I fay , is of opinion, that the proper end of the Beard is differing from thofe above- nam'd, and that it ferves not for ornament, norage , nor Sex, nor for a covering , nor forpurgament, but for anot her end, to wit , ferve to the Offce of the Humane fou/e. And that Nature gave to mankind a Beard, that it might remaine as an Judex in the Face , of the Mff- culine generative faculty, and of that either erumpent and progredient, or confumed, at leaf, next to confump- •tion. Of the fame judgement is Platerus, who hath a little dilated his thoughts upon this Sub) eft. For men then to labour to extirpate fo honef and neceffary a work as the Beard is, isapraftic&k blafhimy moft inexpiable againf Nature, and God the Author of Nature, whefe workt the Beard is: The Beard being the fgne of aman, by which he appear es a man, for it is more ancient than 1 Eve,andthe fign of a better Nature •, to violate then that which is a fign of virileN attire, is An impiety again (l the Law of Nature. Andfnceit is confeffedthat man is the 1 nageof Gol,andthe Beard the forme of a man, certain. ly,fo\many of us as acknowl:dge, andprofefsto reprefti t this Image 0 ftheVtotophft.es Cjod, without the high crime of impiety cannot leave *ff, or eradicate our Beard, or with Depilatories burn up and depopulate theGenitall matter thereof, but we mttfl renounce that, and account it for a fort fo fondly to evirate our [elves : An a8 not only done againf the reclamation of the Law of Nature, but repugnant to the confent of the Learned of all Na- trons, The Artificial l Changing. 209 K ° ! * [ions, ttho with one mouth pronounce a Beard com- ly,for a grave-) conif ant, juft, and honefl man. Nay, even the Turkes, {whom n>e Account even hut Barba- rians ) herein do more homage to Nature , who if a man have a faire long Beard they reverence him-, and only he is a wife man , and an honour able Perfonage : hut if they have no Beard at allj if they he young, th ey call them Barda(Tes 5 that is, S odomiti call Boy es-,but if p urc h» t p;^ r ; they he men graven and have no Beards, they call them t. lib. 8 a Pooles-i and men of no credit, and fome of them ref yft ? to buy and fell with fuch and fay they have no wit, and that they will not heleeve them : And therefore they we are their Beard at full length jthe markeof their lcim affeded gravity and token of freedome. Therefore the Aghas of the Great Turke, who are mo(l commonly, five and thirty, or forty yeares of age before they are Grand Sign, fent abroad 5 becaufe the y come out of the Seraglio with their Beards {haven* they are fain to flay within doores for fome daies to Ut them grow, that they may be fit to come amongfi other great men* and as f ion as their Beards are grown they go abroad and begin their vifits. Such Beard-haters as are before fpoken of, are R by Barclay clapt aboard the Ship of Fooles. tf? afield ed with the cut of their Beards, that there haze been Cafes indented to preferve their formality. Guz- man ( I remember ) plait’s upon a formall Doctor for fuch a prattle all a l fur dity, girding at the cut of his Beard', for he f aith, that the fafhion of his Beard was juft for all the world like thofe upon your Flemmifb fugs^ and that a nights he puts it in a prejje, made of two thin Trenchers, ferued wonderfully clofe, that no Gitterne can be clofer fhut up in its Cafe, that it may come forth the next morning with even corners, bea- ring in groffe the forme of a broome , narrow above, and broad beneath ibis Muftachoes Ruler-wife, freight andlevell as a line, and all the other haires as juft and as even as a privet hedge newly cut, arfwering each- other in a uni forme manner ■> having the point thereof in forme of a Quadrant drawn neatly out, that it might make the fairer and larger (how. For fuch a goodly Beard, accompanied with a Roman Bonnet, {like your Breifs and your Largs in a fingingmans book,) doth grace his lejfer and gr offer notes.. As if this werefuf- ficient to make / im be held a great Sch oiler, as if this , fairs outfule were a qualification for him. In the Province of Heez, which is under the G[ . mRona ^ r . Dominion of the the Emperour of Morocco, they their manners; ; that are not married dare not weare a Beard, but Mtg.eofmgr,-. when they are married they buffer it to grow; E. f 3 and. Beard'Dicr#.’ CU Leo H',V Africa , Strabo Geogr t.iS,nOacC. 21 z Mm 1 r arts form'd : O and as Leo in his ddcription of the people of Hea , iaith, there you may eafily difeerne which of them is married, and who is not, for an unmar- ried muft alwaies kec p his Beard fhaven 5 which after he be once married he fuffereth to grow in length. A conceited reft raint, yet grounded it may be upon this conceffion, that the Beard is the enfigne or manhood, and reverend gravity, and therefore beft became the honourable eftate of marriage. In Cathea the men for an ornament die their Beards with many and divers colours, and many of the Indians do it, for the Region beares admi- rable colours for the tin&ureof their haires and garments, and thefe people being frugall in other things, are given too much to adorning them- felves. Nor is the Art of falsifying the natural! hue of the heard wholly unknown to this more civilized part of the world j specially to old Lcachers, who knowing grey haires in the Beard to he a manifest figne of a de- cay of the generative faculty , and an approaching impotency incident to Age, vainely endeavour to obliterate the naturall Signification thereof, Forsthere are f me grown fo fooltfh , ( and indeed are accounted no better ) who being now grown old) decrepid , and unable for any kind of ufe or exercife, and this their weaknefje being notorious, and well known to all the world , and this their rotten building ready to fall j yet are they willing to deceive th err f elves, and every body elfe , (if they could)contrary to all truth and rea- fon , by dying the haires of their beards and heads , as if any man were fo ignorant, and did not know, that there T be Artificial! Cb angling, z 1 3 g ‘7 S > of there are none of thef ? changeable coloured beards, but at every motion of the Sun-, and every caft of the eye they prefent a different colour 3 and never a one perfeB, much like unto thcfe in the necks of your Doves and Pigeons: for in every hair e of thcfe old Coxcombs you fhall meet with three divers and f undry colours 3 white at tie roots, yellow in the middle , and black at the point , like unto one of your Parr at s feathers. Thus man according to the ftory of Guzman ( as man fives ' but his own 30 yeares-, and then he inherits theAJjes to ye ares, from 50 toy o living like a dog , and from 70 to 70 plaies the -Ape, counterfeiting the defeBs of Nature , and ufing of tricks and toyes and I know not what foolifh and phantaflicall devices. And hence it if that we often fee in thcfe that come to this age (for all they befo old ) they would faine feeme young, tricking themf elves up fo neatly^andf 0 jprucelyfietting it (like young Gallants) up and down the flreets in gay (loath s, vi fit ing this Lady^ making love to that Mi - (Iris , and undertake I know not what impcffibilities^ that they may be accounted jolly flout Gentlemen , re- prefent ing that which indeed they are not, even juft for all the world as the A pe doth , who is never quiet , nor thinks himfelf e well pleafed but when in his aBi- ons he is imitating man^ though he can never come to be a man. It is a terrible thing^and not to be endured , that men wilf in dejpight, as it were , of time , (which dif covers all deceits ) and ought hkewife to put them out of this their errour, will apply themf elves to run a courfe (contrary to the truth, and that with their tin- Bur esjplay st rings fees, and flibker-flabbersfhould play , as it were , with a Juglers boxe, to cozen others, and dif credit themf fives. Old Foolss tliac would young 1 . a 1 4 Man T ram form'd : O r ; As if by thefe Artifices, they could eate the mre, (lap t he founder , live the longer , or be troubledwith the fewer infirmities and difeafes, or by this ccurfe they : fake itke teeth which they have j bcdjhould come againe, or could keep thefe from falling from them which Are yet remaining j or as if by this meant s they could rtpaire their feeble limbs , rtcover their naturall heat , quicken anew their old and frozen blend ; or as if thereby they did thinke they had the power in their own hands to make themfelves what they Irjl , andaslufly as they lift* In a word^as if they were ignorant what the worldtalkes of them, when as they themfelvcs talke of nothing elfe, thenwhich is the better lye, and which the better dye* which either this or that other man makes* 0 thou un- fortunate , miferable 5 and, wretched old age , thou [acred Temple, thou fan chiary of fifty, thou flop to the de- fy irate carreere of this life , thou Inne of tell to our weary bones ; How is it that thou art fo much abhor- red in this life , being that thou art the Haven which all men defire to attaine unto ? How is it that they who re- (febi thee afar off when t hey come merer unto thee flick not to pro fine thee ? Hew is it that thoubevagthevef fel of prudence, thou art dinded as foohjh ? Howisit that thou that art honour it { elfe , r effect and reverence , art by theft that are thy befl friends reputed infamous } How is it that thou being the tre apery of knowledge, art de (fifed and contemned ? Either there is fome great de- feat in thee, or fome evill dijf option in them, whereof the latter is mofl certame. They came unto thee want- ing the ballast of grave counfe 11, and found advife, like a Ship without [and or graved in the keele of her to keep her (leady, through lack whereof the fiarkegoes ronlwg ansi loitering to and fro, becaufe their fhaflow braines want mg. . « - Be»r4ed wo- 2 1 S men. y • * want that due weight and counterpoise that fl:Culd bal- ^ lace their understanding) and keep it (Iraight and upright. Woman by Nature is fmooth and delicatejandEpiactus^.i, if die have many haires fhe is a Monfter 3 as Epifle- m faith, and the Proverbe abominates her, Mulier bar bat a lapidibus emintu falutanda. yet fuch Monfters have appeared in the World. I Schenckim faw fuch a one at Par if, with a black Muftacho of a juft magnitude, whofc Chin was 9 * ' ' alfo indiffierent hairy." It is reported, that in the Nurcery of Albert Duke of Bavaria, there is a woman with a large black beard. There was a Bearded V irgim whole name was Kornmm mu A ntrnia Helena 5 borne in the Archbifhoprick of Leige about cighteene yeares of age, brought up by the Arch-Du tchefs Marie the widdow, whofc Itnage 5 cut in Braife, Kornmannus had, and he had y heard it affirmed for a truth by honeft friends who had feen her. And that Effigies of a German Aldr.K^ j woman which Aldrovandw faies, is fhown in the publique Library of Bononia 5 of one who here- tofore, paffing through Bomonia , had a Beard two Palmes long, may poffibly be the fame Monfter. And that women through difcontinuance of the Company of men, and defect of their Courfec, have grown Bearded, and paffed into a virile ap- parance, not without danger of their health and life. Hippocrates hath two remarkable ftories. Hip.jw,*./,#, And Alexander BenecliB faw an Example of the , fame accident when he was in Greece. But what Aietf.Bene- is more wonderfull , there is a Mountaine of diai.^.f.4. Gg Zthiopia demmA '- mWt bearded m* men. Kornman.^fi Mirac.vivo • 1 * 0 , %i6 Man Tramformd: O r,' Ethiopia , neare the Red fea, where women live with prolix beards. In Brajile^ Caneda } and A'd^ F rancid) the women are faid to have Tome kind of Beard u^der their Chins. \ SCENE The Artifidail Cbtmgling, 217 SceneXIII. Dent all Fapions, or T oath Rites, le people of Mela li a in the PurcllJs p^ E aft- Indies account redTeeth 1, lib. 4; a great beauty, and therefore they colour their Teeth red with Beetle, and other things which they continually chew in their M,f»uth. They of the Ifle of Can- p ^ r * 2, « dou, accounted Apatiques, hold red Teeth a great 1 ,9 ' bravery, which they colour fo with chewing of Beetle and Arecka. They of the Iiland Ciphangbu and Sumbdit , idm.?itgr,u which from their Nature are called Latronum , or #.*• the I (land of Theeves, colour their Teeth red and black?which they efteeme a comely thing. The men in Cumana make great means to make Lindfcot.U.' their Teeth black, and fuch as have them white they efteeme womens becaufe they take no paines to make them black? which they do with Hay or Gay, and the principal! women take a pride in black Teeth. Gg 2 In Black Tfictb afffr&ed. tfd6 \< 5 hindhotdi.z. 21 8 M the Inhabitants of Chi alt- Per>Viarr> chi) the neighbouring Countrey to the Province Dead. 8. of Taria^ which are Cariles , from the tenth or twelfth yeare of their age, when now they begin to be troubled with the tickling provocations of Venery, they carry leaves of Trees, to the quan- tity of Nuts, all the day in cither Cheeke,and take them not out but when they receive meat or drink : the teeth grow black with that Medicine, even to the foulendie of a quenched or dead Coale; they call our men, women, or children in reproach, becaufe they delight in white Teeth; their Teeth continue to the end of their lives, and they are never pained with the Tooth-ach,nor do they ever rot ; ( ‘Tis well they have feme benefit ly their Mediation-) which veryfeldome happens unto any of our Artifciall Change lirgs .) They take great care of thefe Trees, which they call #>y, by rea- fon that for the leaves thereof they get whatever wares or Commodities they like, fo fafhionable a thing is black Teeth, and in luch requeft. The Portugall and Meificho women who live at Grimfton 4 Goa , do continually eat the leaves of Beetle with their mnmn* Garlick?and an herb called Areque ; the women Gg 3 do ' 220 Man Transform'd: O r , T 0/^'j's£ 5 continually chaw of thefe three things like un- to beads, and do fvvallow down the juyee and fpit out the refb which is the caufe that their Tc-cth grow black and red> which amaze them that ha\e not been accuftomed to fee them. Thcfe fafhions come from the Indians* and thefe women are per- fwaded that they are thereby preferved from a {linking breath , and from the tooth-ache> and the paine in the ftomackj fo that they would ra- ther lofe their lives than thefe herbs ; infomuch, that like oxen or kine, they are fo ufed to chew the Cud, that wherefoever they go or ftand> they mult alwaies have of thefe leaves carried with liadfeot./kr. them, and the womcn-flaves do go alwaies chaw- ing, an d are fo ufed thereunto, that they verily thinke that without it they cannot) live, for their common worke is to fit all day when their Huf- bands are out of doores behind a Mat, alway chawing the herbe Beetle , and they go in their houfes with a difh of ic in their hand, being their daily chawing worke. Purchas pjfcr. They in Pe g u ? and in a11 the Countries of Ava> iM. io. hengtamnes, Siam , and th eBramas, have their Teeth black, both men and women, for they lay,a Dog hath hisTeeth white, therfore they wiftblack theirs, as fcorning to imitate a Canine Candor. Mclyn Geoer. The women of V Inth the chiefe City of Ori - (few, or Orijj a in India (if Heljn remember aright ) in a foolifh pride black their Teeth, becaufe Dogs teeth fforfooth ) are white. Lind (cot,/;, i. In Japan (as among all Nationsit is a good fight oijud. t0 f ce nien with white Teeth ) it is efleemed there the filthieft thing in the world, who feek by all means T i he Artificial 'l Changing. zzi J v „ h i,“ 5 th meanes they may to make their Teeth black, fo r ^ ~ that the white caufeth their griefc 3 and the black maketh them glad, In Cariajan, the chiefe City of Cathai , the wo- H-lyn Gcogr, men ufe to gild their Teeth. The external! uperjicies of the Teethe by N Mure, is white, ter fe> and polijhed j and this their native can- dor proves them to be bones. This hue they alwaies re- tains, unlefj e by neeleihage, crdifeafes,they become red. Hack, and rotten 5 white Teeth being f 0 juftly accoun- ted a precious and natural! be-auty, that they are hence called the f ale-piece. For men then to ajjefl the llemijjj of age, and the colour of decaying fcknejje, and rot - ienejj e in their Teeth for afafhicnj is a very ftrange way of prevarication. Morecarefullof preferving the beauty of the Teeth are the women of Sumatra , who have Teeth fo white that India affords none more beautifull. And they of Guinea, who have Teeth white DeBiy . and fhining like precious Ivory, which they pre- ind. 'orient. fervefrom all fouleneflfe,by rubbing and cleaning them now and then with certaine woods, which they have peculiarly for this very purpofe, by which fri&ion they retaine a luftre like unto the moft beautifull polifhed Ivory. In Curiana likewife the women make their Lindfcor./j.a , Teeth white with an herbe, that ail the day they chew in their mouths, which having chewed they fpit out againe,and wafh their mouths. Had Nature afforded thefe Nations any fuch ma- ter as that Martiall f peakes of which would make the Teeth of men white in like manner as it whitens Ivory 5 221 Man Transform'd : Or,' di C3 . jrpasnee ' Ivory 3 tkey would acknowledge themf elves extraordina- , rily beholding unto her. However commendable as fer- vi ce able to the ends of Nature are Dentifrices } which the Art Cefmetique affords for preferring the Native white neffe and integrity of the Tee t h. They of Sier- ra- Leona in the EaH-Indies , file their Teeth very lTiarpe. The Mac has alfo file their Teeth above and below as fharp as Needles. The black peo- ple of -CajjareS) of the Land of Mo- fomlique , and all the Goaft of Ethiopia > and within the Land, to the Cape of Bona Speranza* (feme among them) file their Teeth as fharpe as needles. Ale* Bene Alexander Ben'ediBus refufed to buy an Ethio- d\Linpt>emi P* n Gave, becaufe 5 as it were with an unhappy ii.6Mmtnd. Omen, he had all his Teeth faw-like as Dogs. mrb: 'have. The Teeth are in men of three kinds* fharpe 3 as the Fore Teeth, broad-* as the Back Teeth, which we call the Molar Teeth-, or Grinders) and pointed Teeth , or Canine. Thefemen , contrary to the Law of Nature , feeme to affeB to have all their Teeth pointed or Ca- nine ^ and the faw-like Teeth of devouring EijheS) Serpents ) and Dogs 3 or would appeare as dangerous with The Artificiall Cbangling. 1 23 with their Teeth as tbofe Creatures who have them framed like faws, and doing one lei weene another, to the no little danger of the Tongue if it fhculd chance to fall betweene them freaking ojf the continuity of the range of Teeth •, VnlefJ e we can imagine in excufeof this their unnaturall boldnejj e> that their Language jhould inquire fuch a ufe off the File ; for there are thofe who have caufed their Teeth to he filed or foaved after a certaine manners that they might he more apt to the pronunciation of certaine Tongues , which Hofman remembers to have been reported of Ad. John Hammers, in times paft , profejjor of the Hebrew Tongue in the Academy of Ieina, whence it appear es, that the hard and (Irong f ubflance of the Teeth is not fuch as fome have imagined , that it is impcffible to fubdue it' by the force of Iron. But Cardan acquaints us with another natural! car dan ifadt end that they pretend unto in this bufnejje 5 for, thefnbtil.iu equall jlrudure of the Teeth , as it is mosi profitable to feec-h,fo it is lejje cemmediowfor cutting’, for , Dogs and tVutves have their Teeth unequally and dilfc^ fed in manner of a Saw, and theft ? adhere and clofe better with one another , and they retaine not fo much the re- , diques of meat : Therefore, faith he, certaine people of ■. India, who have not fo much regard to the hanefome explication of their minds by fpeech j that they may more commodioufly make ufe of their Teeth) they fie them fharp,to make them indented one within another faw- likejor they (lick fafer in the root when they joyne not together at the top , Scaliger in his exer citation upoffSc aliger txtr° this part of Cardan, faith, that in the IflandTcvr^ 1 ^'^ 1 ^’ daia, the young men caufe their teeth to be cut even to the roots', for by. this meanes they fay their T eeth be - Hh come Where they pull out Teeth in a’bravery. tr l\3 Purchas Pllgr, 3» B.fi Bieron.Be^ BHiJhmv* Mb* ffancerol.rfe Mwwyitf. 12 4 . Man Transform'd: O r , come firmer and thicker ; /Sw* happens alfo to Plants ; trees grow thicker whofie tops are cat off'. Thefe Nations degenerate from the principles of Huma- nity into ravening Wolves, Who would have more dog- teeth than Nature, allows ^endeavouring l y this fond Ar- tifice to have T eeth fironger than Nature intended man } upon a jufi account lofe more thanthey cangainehy the btvice^ for , having perverted the curious Mack in of Speech fy altering of the Infir uments thereof they mujt furely jfeake in the Teeth , and have hut a l/.Jfiing, or fnarltng Elocution , which is an improvement with a mifehiefe , The women of Gagas pull out foure of their Teeth, two above 3 and two below, for a bra- very; and thofe that have not their Teeth out are loathfome to them , and Avail neither c-ac nor drinke with them. In Gaanchavalichiagi Region of the new World, they are wont to pull five or fixe Teeth out of their jaw ; and being asked the reafon why they did fo, they replyed,tbey did it Elegaatia caufa , tor a bravery and moffc fafhionable elegancy. ’IheGuancavilc* in Peru are all Edentulfi or with- out Teeths for they have a cuftome to pull out all ‘ “ ” ' ‘ their The Artificial Cb angling. 22 5 ■ their Teeth, which they offer to their Ido!s,afHrm- n ingthat they ought to offer to them the heft things. One would thinks thefe Hfjtions accounted teeth to he ns parts of the Body , or very impertinent andannecejfa- ry 5 whereas they are juftly enrolled among the num- ber of the parts of a Human Body, fines the defnitim of parts appertains to them, andlikewife their ufe and office, for they belong to the integrity of the Body , and they attaint aproper office and ufe in the fame j nay, the preternatural! abfence of the Teeth is accounted among the Difeafes of Number , their natural! number being thirty , at the leaf twenty eighty So that the Teeth were intended by Mature to ferve for an ornament , and a certaine beauty and furniture unto the Mouth ; for it would have been a fouls deformity in man to have lived without Teeth , as they fay Phericrates the Poet did \ who was edentulus, and had no Teeth at all : For , in^rt* * ^ whom they fall out, or are loft by age , or feme difeafe , it nukes the Mouth look like a dec dyed H arpe that is tin. ftritng, more effect ally the fort-tcttrhteing loft proves a more apparent bUmifh and dammsge, becaufe they were ft in the fir ft andmoftconfpicuous place, ft nee there was more neceftty of them forthe forming of the voice , whence Infants ffeake not before their mouths are reple- ifhedwitbTeeth . But the fore-teeth more especially ftrve for the forming of certaine Letters, whence thofe who arc edentuli cannot pronounce C . U. G. T. R . wherein the enlarged tongue muft bear agatnfi the fore - teeth, tkeloffe of which hinders the explanation of the voice, that fpeech muft neceffarily thereupon be the flow- er, and lejfe plaineand eafie ; neither aretbtre wanting examples among us of thofe wbofe fpeech hath been very much impaired by the amiSion of their Fore-teeth ; Hh 2 Hof- w rr » 22^ Man T, uniform'd :Or, Holman thinks,that therefore Romans were wont to hind them fa ft with gold wire : And ear M after Oper atoms arefomtimes u ft full to prevent this blemifh and in convenience . Artificial T ecth hath been an an- cient invention, for we read that the Romans ufedAr- tif ciall Teeth in defttt of Naturally Thais habet nisros, niveos Lecania Dentes, Qua? ratio eft ? emprosbasc habet, ilia (uos* Andagaineto Ladia, Dentibus atque eomis ( nccte pudet) uter is emptis, Q,uid facies ? oculus L&lia non eniitur. And becaufte great account is to he made of the Teeth, loth for the mceffty of eating and (feaking > Hence the Art Cofmetique , although it be a part of Medicine , that makes little to the nectfity of life, yet it conduetth totbeccnvtnuncies of a better life, dcfervedly, and by good right, doth now and then engage Phyfitians, not only to repair e and patch up a decayed audio (l beauty , but topreferve that which is enjoyed, and the obligati- on lies more ftrong upon them where the party hath at. tainedto almoft all the degrees of beauty, it being more petty then, [he fhould have any bltmijh in the mouth \ whereby it too plainely appear es what affront they offer to Nature, who account her ufcfull ornaments to be loath - feme , and what benefits of hers they renounce for the mi fchiefe of a ridiculous Fajhion. Neither is it to be omitted, that it is a high tranfgrtfion againfi the Mot ad Law of Nature, by which the Teeth were ordained to be as a, Falipade, or jguickfet hedge, to rtHraine the li- centious liberty of the Tongue . For Tibfheares to ca- jhierethe Shearers, for women ( who have more need of Wart .lib, j. T be Artificiall Ch angling. 227 n^r nvc * fuch a monument all reflraint , in contumelious dcffiight of Natures Lave to breake the hedge , and make Jo foule a gap init , ) argues not only malice and Jody 9 but a wil- full refo/ution to off nmetotbemfelves more than a natu- ral liberty of ffeech , and to let loofe the reines to all ex- travagant cxcurfions of the Tongue. But this is not the leaf prejudice that thefefoehfl) Nations occafion to Na- ture and her operations •• for, the order of Nature u in- verted, and her Method broken hereby for, the fare- teeth or jhredders were placed fr fi , becaufe more acute , and for the necefity there is of them for dividing the \ me at, called, therefore Dentes, quafi edentes , their fir ft ondprimary ufe being for eating, ffolnciforii or fore- teeth, andthe Canine or Eye-teeth bcingplaced before the Grinders, caufethofe things that are to be ground very fmall^ought fir ft to be dividedinto [mall particles, which is dene by them, that afterwards thefe Iffer par* tides may be ground into the fmallefl by the Grinders 5 which thing u fo much the mere admirable that Nature hath ebferved this in all Creatures. Andthatit might be the better done. Nature hath fi t the upper and lower teeth exactly right one againf ano- ther, which is fo much the more admirable by how much the difference is con ft dtr able between the upper and lower law, whence it comes topafsthatthe meat comming betweene them is mofi commodioufly prepared , that the Ghylus ist hereupon better tranfmitted from the Sto- mach 5 for, the mincing of the meat into leffe particles is profitable uhto this end, that the heat of the jiomack doth the better concobl it ; hence they who chaw not well, or through too much hafi paffe over the triple order of manducation are ill nourifhed, as it happens in oldmen, mdthofe who arc edentuli. Hither tends the Pre'verbe, H h 3 Senibus » IB- Some wller than others in Taoth-Hites. 0 S3&& Purchas Pi/g> i.lib.y. idem fflgr, tib, 7. 22 S Man T ram form'd : O r 3 Senibus mandibulam Scipionis locoefte. In refe- rence unto which, Phyfiognmers pronounce fuck to be fljort lived who have few Teeth , for,fuch prepare ill 5 whence the firf concoflion hurt , thefecond U ntceffarily impaired . Behold here the folly and madntffeof theft Nations >who impoverif) their mouths to enrich their fancies , anddifeard fo good fervants out of the Mitt of life, which Jhould grinde the Grifi for the better maintenance andnounfloment of t he Body ; entertaining a defect for a fajhion,and that which feme have decretd for a p unt foment , and jujlly accounted a great Bit - mifo, For, The Kings of Queteve were wont anciently to drinke poy Ion at the Ioffe of their fore-teeth, fay- ing that a King ought to have no defeft : Yet a late King proclaimed it through his Kingdome, that he had loft one of his fore-teeth which was fallen out) that they might not be ignorant when they fee him want it 5 and would not do fo, but wait his naturall death ) holding his life neceffary for to conferve his eftate againft his enemies, and lo left that patterne to Pofterity. The people of the Province of Huancavilcai who had killed thofe Mafters which his Father Tupac Inca Tunangtu had fent to inftruft them, the Inca ufing his naturall clemency, and to make good his Title, Huacchacuijac the Benefa&or of rhepo©re 5 he fo far remitted this fault-deferving death, that each Gaptaine and Chiefe fhould lofe two teeth in the upper Jaw, and as many in the lower, both they and their dependents* in me- mory of not fatisfying their promife made to his Fathers whereupon the whole Nation would needs The Artificial! CbanqUm. zzg , . ■ , , J ° . ,% before then*. needs participate, both men and women, m tna r tU raii. TootlaToffe, and did likewife ufe this Tooth-rite to their Sons and Daughters, as if it had been a favour. So that what was intended for punifh- ment, grew thereupon to be a fafhion. And this I fuppofe to be the origtn. ill of the Cu- stom e or Tooth-rite 5 mentioned before in this Scene of the Guancavilcas zVzPeru, although itbevari- ouflj reported^ and it map be-, a little mifiaken. In Java Iiland there are few to be found that Schenckiu*#, have their native Teeth: Tor the moft of them? ebfervat.de both men and women, either caufe them to be D(nt,bMt pulled out, or filed down with a Files and others to befet in their places of Gold, or Silver, Steele, or Iron, made to fucceed in their rooms. Had thefe menfuch a fount aine as there is in Per- fia, which makes their Teeth fall out that drinke of it, they would be well contented, which ft nee they havenot^ Tooth-drawers , and Tooth-fetting Chirurgions would have a good T rade therei where men and women are f > ungratefull andviilanoufly bent againft the good neffe of Nature , as to prefer Artifciall Teeth before the Naturally ^fculapius was the firfi who in cafe of neceffity and paine , invented the drawing out of aking ‘Teeth, and therefore had a leaden Davifer c overra- ted unto him . But thefe people jut of wantonnejje and a foolifh bravery, put themf elves to Ioff e and paine $ the Teeth, ejpecially the Eye-Teeth, being bred, with paine j and not pulled out without paine and danger „ AndifAhey cut or fie them down , they expefe them - f ives to as great a mifcbiefe, by reafon of that hollow . part of the Teeth which is fenfiblei into which the [oft Nerves enter , as it fared with a cert aine Monke at Pata-v Renovation of Tcetb. tnru lord Bacon, lord Bacons Nat'Hifii Sent, 9 , 230 Man Tram form'd : O k } Patalvia, who when became to have atcoth ( which n\w longer than, the reft ) cut,to cure the deformity it brought^ fell ftraight way into a convulfoh 3 and Epi- leptic all fits-) and in the part of the Tooth cut off there appeared the footfteps of -a Nerve : morethankfull to- Nature , and more retentive of her benefits are they of Fezj » here when aChild begins to have his Teeth grow his Parents make a fe aft' for other Children , and they terme thirfeaft Dentillaj which is a proper Latin word. And when rotten Teeth are drawn out ft is con- venient to thinke of feme way of artificiall repara- tion. Parxus heard it reported by a credible perfon , that he faw a Lady of the prime Nobilitp who inftead of a rotten Tooth fhe drew, made a f ound T mb, drawn from one her waitingmaid at thefame.time,tobefubftituied and infer ted,whichTooth in proceffeof timers it were taking root j grew f 0 ftrme,as that fhe could chaw upon it as upon any of the reft, but he had this but upon herefay. And the Teeth are fo necefjary to the welfare of the body of many that Nature to fome efftecialt Fa- vorites, hath afforded a renovation of Teeth in their old age, nay even of their very Grinders, very many \ examplesof which indulge ncy you may find in Schene- kius? and Aldrovandus 3 and of the Countef s of Dcf- mond, it is reported, that fhe did dentire twice or thrice, cafting her old Teeth and others comming in their place, which is one instance that gives fome like- lihood of that great deftgne of reftoring Teeth in age ? which yet hath not been known to have, been provoked by Art', yet my Lord Bacon makes a Querj, whe- ther children way not hav'e fome wafjj or fomethingto make their Teeth better and fUonger 5 Corallisin The Artificial! Cbangling. 2,3 1 ufeas an help to the Teeth of Children. In the Province of Cardandam , under the great Can T arters Jurifdidtion, the men and women co- ver their Teeth with thin Plates of Goldj which they fo fit unto them, that the T eeth themfelvcs feeme as it were to be fet in Plate. Had Nature furnifhed the] e Nations with a fet of fuch golden Teeth as the Silefian Boy had , which an- fwered the Touch, and fo exercifed the wits of the Phy- ficiansof that Age, fhehad fitted their Fancies to d hairej and had prevented this artificial 'l endeavour though ( indeed ) that proved -hut a trick of Art. To be born with Teeth, or in extreame old age to have Teeth renew againe 3 (of both which there are many examples ) are rather miracles inNa- ture than Monftrofitiesjbut the redundant force of Nature is more remarkable in thofe who have had a double row of Teeth, as Direpfifna the val.Max./iW. Daughter of Mithridates had^Timarchus the Son e *P : 6 • of Mestor, Cypriuhand a boy of Lutefia , who had all a double courfe of Teeth. Jon Chius attributes CoHiJs ni. 4. to Hercules a trebblefet of Teethj which is not fo wo-nderfull, fince Columbm reports of a Boy of p 10 pnu. Ja * his, called Phoebm whofe mouth was fo ftored. Co *“ m .^i. Some alfo have had one intire whole bone, that tooke up all the Gumbe ir.ftead of a row of di- Vai.Max u.i, ftinft Teeth, as a Son of Prufias King of Bythini- f Q yf a fi c * ,2> ans, who had fuch a bone in his upper law ; Pyr- v-uigfib.ifa- rhm King of th tEpirotans had fuch a continued Piur.i* Pjrrbth bone, marked, as it were 5 with certain lines, wher- by the interpun&ion of Teeth were defigned out. Many more examples might be added , but the fe may fufiice, li SCENE Double ton' gucd Nations, “Porcbis P ilgr. j. lib. a. Geor.Graudi- us Comment , in Saimutn. joh.Bohem, da moribut , Genttlib.^, Kornman .libi dc mirac. v'w. Schcncbius ibftrvat.hb. T. Gemma lib. i. {ap.j.Cofmogri z%2 Man Transform d: O r. Scene XIV. Devices of certaine Nations pra&ifed upon their Tongues . N the Iiland of the Inhabi- tants who exceed us ioure Cubits in ftature; their Tongue hath fomc- what peculiar by Nature or Art^or they have a cloven Tongue, and which is divided in the bottom, io that it feemes double from the root: fo they ufe divers fpeeches, and do not only fpeake with the voice of men, but imitate the finging of Birds. But that which feemes moil nor table, they i peak one time perfectly to two men, both ani wering and The ArtificiaUChangling. 233 2 fJ c on b 1 " 8 and difcourfing; tor with ohe part of their tongue they fpeake to one, and with the other part to the other. The Tongue of man is not ( indeed ) double 5 tri- fulke,or bifulke,as in feme Creatures , hut (implex and one only , and that verily according to a moral! inten- tion of Nature'. Yet forne may wonder how face all the Organs of the Senfes are framed double Ly Nature 5 in the Tafte foe foould order but one only , and a fimple Infirument , and that to good purpofe 3 but although to fence tt feme one^and. a fmple Infirument yet to a di- ligent Anatomifl it mil appear to be douile:Ga\cn f aid the ’ Tongue is double , which he proves by this Argu - J meat ph at tt hath double Veffelsfiori neither the Veins , nor Arteries , nor Nerves of the right fide go into the left fide of it, andfo e contrario. And we fee that one fide of theTongue is (truck with the Palfie fometimes 5 the other fide being unhurt. The fame aifpofition alfo there is of the Mufclesfio which we may add the white Medtan or middle line of feparation 5 which interfefts theTongue throughout^or if youhad rather f 'cores itout\ fo thattheTongue as all other Senfes is double.The caufe why it was better for men that the Tongue foould be fuchfoe faith to befior that by thismeans it pt oies more commodious for mafic at ion and Jpeech. which if it be true ( as Hofman thinks it to be mo ft true ) without all peradventure (faith he ) we ?nu[l encourage thofe Fables which Diodorus Siculus makes Narration of \ Diod.SicuJjw that there are menfomewhere who have really a double 1 Tongue , with which they better performe the linguall offices than we do with one , which is the lefjeincredi- ble) fince we read of the Infant of a certaine Nobleman Jo.Fr«nci Hil- which had a double tongue > divided according to lati - Ii 2 tude’™™**** One with ele- ven Tongues, {y£6\d Alberr.Mag. Comment. ad 0. Z.Pbyf, i.Arift, 234. Man T ram form'd : O r, tude 5 and of another who had eleven tongues, eleven mouths, and tiro and twentyincompleac lips, whether this Duplicity of Tongue be in them Lulus Nature, or a meere device of Art-) you may fee my Authors doubts. The y that [hall fcrioujly ponder the ( trange In- ventions mentioned in this Booke^may perchance in- cline to the latter as mofl proballe , at leaflwif ? if Ana- tnmifls mil allow of the pojfibilily of the things and then it may pafj'e for an audacious improvement of the Body. Such a feat a gem of improvement the pragma- tical '/ invention of man hath proved efjefluall in the Tongues of other Creatures, it being a common pra- ctice to flit the Tongues of Pies , Stares , Jayes , and Daws, whom we would teach to fpeake , to inalle them the better to imitate the articulation of our fpeech. Pet for the honour of Nature, we muff quefii- on whether this device be not fomewhat deftrudhe to the numeric all perfection of the Body) fvnee that pr SCENE XV, Face-moulders, Face-talkers , Stigma * timers, and Painters , He ChiriUchenfian women ufe to Pet.Msrtyrc boulfter the Necks of their Infants • with two pillowesjthe one before, the other behind} and bind them hard, even untill their Eyes ftart : for, a fmooth plaine Face pleafeth them, Platter-faces being there in great requeft. There is lately found out in Pervacw, a certain Korn;* mlmi Province of the new World, named Caraquh™™"!**? men that wane an Occiput and Sin- ciput, with a moft broad* face ; for as foone as their children are born 5 they (hut in their heads} behind and before} in boards} fo that the whole Face may become plaine and dila- ted} as alfo the Occiput it felfe. Pctr.Hifp.ia Sylrap.y.c.jf.’ Jon fi.Tbaumfr tograpbi n ex toitm* Broad flat Faces, Lindfcor.W. i, tap.io. Scaliger de fubtil . ad Car. dan exerc.if-j Leo hifl. dg Africa ,l>7 . yjfcovery of jqorcmbcga. Sir John Mau- derils Travel;, Iao Man Transform d: O r, vv irh the whole heachis made broad and thin. In Java Major they have flat FaceSj and broad thick Cheeke?. Scaliger faith, that in the Iflandji^ they have very broad Faces, as likewife the Circajfians. In the Region of Zanfara they have extreame black broad vifages. The Inhabitants of Noremkega are disfigured in nothing, faving that they have fomewhat broad Vifages, and yet not all of them. In an Ifland neare the great Ifland D if they did it for profit rather than pleaf are : they cannot but know that their happineJJ e doth confifi in the over com- ingof thefe unreafonaile and phantaficall afjeflati - ons ; but equivocating therein 3 and either for want of under (landings through a wilf %ll mi f under fi and- ting , whereas they fijould firive again fi their own in- ward, they oppofe their outward , Nature. Thus wan tranfported with vaine imaginations, where he- finds Nils, he fets himfelfe to make Plaines 5 where Plaines, he raif ?th Hi Is ; in pleaf ant places he f ekes j horrid ones, and brings pleafantnefje into places of horrour and fhamefull obfcurityfiefeconds that which he ought to withstand, and that which he fjjould fol- low he oppofes ; and when he thinkes he triumphs over his f ubdued and depraved body , his own corrupt Na- , ture triumphs over him. This is a fir at age m of the Enemy of our Natures# fet m at odds with our naturall ■endowments : and that he may remains quiet within, he caufeth w to firive abroad, like to a cunning poli- tique Tyrant, who having a valiant and fierce Sub- ' jeB within his City-) by whom he fearcs to have via - . lence or oppofition offered him, if he can find no other remedy , he fends him into the field to fight with the 1 Enemy, to the end that venting his violence and phantaflicalneffe abroad^ he may have plenary power to Tyrannize at home at his pie of ure. God is' angry \ iff) that we fhouldat the fame time reforms that Kk 2 which a4 z ManTransformd: Ok, w bich btmft tyt e had framed , and conforme our fehes to that which we had def armed. The beauty of the Face of man is much advanced and heightned by the Cavities and Eminencies thereof ; that as the greater world is called Cofmus, from the beauty thereof the inequality of the Centre thereof contributing much to the beauty and delightfomenejje of it : foin this Map or little world of beauty in the face, the inequality affords the prejpeft and delight. Thefe Face-moulders then j who affeft a pl&tter-Face, not only in their enr deavouri overthrow the lawf ud proportion of the Face , but demclijh the moji apparant eminency and extant majefiy thereof The women of Cum ana, who are eafily delive- red, and who di- ligently bring up their Children, becaufethey ac- count it a comly & beautiful thing to have a long Face, and thin Cheeks , they gently comprelfe the Heads of their Infants between two little Pillows, to extend them. Wmkfitgtlf. f° me of the Provinces '^of China they hav fquare faces. e In the Province of Old-Port 3 mentioned in the firft Sce^e of this Metamorphofis,/c/, i^.y cu frail find*- The Artificiall Ch angling. find a Generati- on of men affect- ing a fquare head, which they purchafed to themfelves by Arr. Now the Face follows the proportion of the Head,andwe ha- ving difcovered the endeavours of fome, for a fquare head, may juftly fubjett chat thefe Chinoife owe their fquare Face more to Arc than Nature. The natural! and comely face of man , agreeable to proportion^ and according to Humane Nature , is^ that the longitude thereof in a youthfuU and faire bo- ' dy> fhould be the tenth part of the whole body accor- ding to longitude j to this longitude there mufl aeon - j 'Lenient latitude anf veer : For-, fo much as is from the middle of the Eye- brow to the end of the exterior An- gle where the eye endsy fomuch it is thence to the hole • of theEare: wherefore the Latitude of the Face com- pared with the Longitude , which begins from the root of the haire above the Foreheads and is produced even unto the end of the Chin , fhould be in a fef juitertia proportion 5 to wity as foure to three. But if you only contemplate the Diameters of Longitude and Latitude of amans Face, you fhallfind a fef quialtera proportion , and the longitude to latitude fhall be as three to two^ which thus you fhad under (land ; Let there fall a per- K k 3 pendieriar m ~ Square Fcce* T j where tffe&etl Digs 'paces. 244 Man Transform'd: O r, pencil cuLy line from {he 'ft; ft root of the hairt above the Forehead , which fall defend to the end of the Chinj afterwards draw another line, which beginning at the end of both Temples, penetrating through the middle of the head , fall cut the former line inright angles , that line which is drawn from the top to the bottom of the Chin , fall be in a fefquialtera proportion to that which is carried from the right hand to the left , cutting it in right angles - fo that it is the be ft and moft naturad proportion that the Longitude of the Face fhould to its Latitude appear e in a fefquialtera proportion. Now it is an tbfervation worth the inserting, that the Chin is correfondent to the Symetryof the other members of the Body, but that which feemes-jhe greater marveU, is, that the formall appearance of the face isgtnerically repofedin the Chin alone , for if that he jquareftong, or round, fo the Face of it felfe an fevers, infomnch as the Chin is that which makes the ftnall judgement of the Face of man. New if thefehe Face- Moulders, otitis much to he fuff elded they are , it may be they bavefome artifice to dilate the Chin, thereby prophaning the Sy- mttry of Nature, and ftrhing by Art to force and pervert the Face fr emits juft proportion, bringing the Latitude thereof either to equal!, or exceed the Longi- tude, while they, to the great dishonour of Nature, af- fttt a fquare Geometricall Face, Petrus Simon in his expedition, which Johannes Alvarez Maldonam made from G uzco, 10 difeover new Countries, found Giants of five ells high, with a kind of a Dogs Countenance. In the Ifland Penguin, there Were difeovered men with Vilards on their Faces, relembling a Dogs The Artificiall Ch angling. ? 4 - CynoprofcpT. *45 Dogs Afpebi, or elfe they really had fuchDogs Head c . This is . certaine? that there are cer- taine Nations pla- ced betweene the Equino&iall and Tropic of Capri- corne , on that fide which is called^ - merica , who have beene difcovered within the fpace of thefe fourefcore yeares, and fome what more, who are Cyaoprofopii or men havinga lorme or fi- gure neare in refemblance to the nead and fhape of a Dogs Face, to wit, of thofe little pretty flat-nofed Dogs * which Ladies keep for plea- fur e in their Chambers ; yet not naturally, but Artificially. For thefe People , from the time of of all antiquity? did alwaies hold it for a fingular beauty to "them to have their Nofes flatted or fain down. And this is the rea- for. The Author of the Treafury of Times. Ma» Ti ransformd : O r, c °s^r\i ion, that when their Children are newly borne, ^ and have their bones very tender, the Fathers and Mothers never fade to quafh, or flat down that part ot the Face which is betweene the Eyes and the Mouth, as the like hath been done to little Dog^. And to fpeake truly , being thus dealt wittiall, they differ very little in their looks from the refc-mblance of Dogs? but they meddle not with their Eares,to make them pointed, or hang- ing down, as commonly is ufed to thofe Crea- tures; yet true it is, that when they arc grown to manly ftature, they bore, or pierce holes through their Ear es, ( even as is done here among us) to hang therein fine coloured ftones,or elfe the bones of certaine Fifhes. Now that they howle or bark as Dogs do, it is utterly falfe, for they fpeake a Language difertly, briefly, and properly accented* which is fuppofed to be the Greeke Tongue.They are people of goodly fixture, and fightly pre- fence, all laving the Face, which much refembleth aflat-nofedDog, and is dene by Artifice, as is al- readyfaid. They maintain war againft a neigh- bouring people, whom they call Margaias, that have the very fame manners, behaviour of life, and Dogs-Facc, like theirs* The Author of the • Treafurjy of Times reports to have feen a dozen of thefe Dog-Faced men at Roven , which the Viflcent.fyfc. Normans brought home with them. An drincen- tfatur/e, faies, that there was one of thefe Cy noprofop brought to Lewis of France in his time. Certainly thefe Nations have a great conceit of their inventions , who contemne the ordinary guizes af Na ture , making t he mf elves extravagant, and as the TbeArtifimU Cb angling. the Antipodes to mankind b They being none of the heft who' abandon Nature to follow their ownunrea- fonable imaginations, tve naturally have much a the Bafha his difsovery tf fent fome of bis houfhold fervants to meet us, with hU TuTky!EpA maR Y Heralds and Officers 5 but among the reft, a faireTroope of youngmen on horfe-back, re- markable for the Novelty of their Order. They had their heads bare and fhavenj upon which they had made a long bloudy flafh, and thruft divers feathers of Birds within the wound : But inftead of fhrinking at it) they went lifting up their heads with a laughing countenance ; before me marched fome footmen 5 one of them had his armes naked, and hanging down on his fides j both which armes above the elbow were thruft quite through with a Knife 5 that ftuck faft in them. Another was naked from his head to the Navell, having the skin of his back fo jagged «p and down in two places athwart, which he had to The Artificiall Cb angling. 24 p had made to paffe, an hatched of armes, which he did carry in Scar fe- wife, as we would do a curtle axe. I faw another of them who had fixed upon the crown of his head a horfefhooe with many Nailes,and of fo long continuance, that the nailes were fo fixed and faff in the ftefh, that they {Erred not. We entred into Buda in this Pompe, and were brought into the Bafha s houfe, with whom I treated of my Affaires. All thisyouthly company, little caring for their wounds, were in the lower Court of the houfe 5 and as I was look- ing on them,the Bafha asked of mejwhat I thought of it ; AH well, faid I, except that thefe men do with the skin of their bodies that which I would not do with my Coat, for I would feeke to keep it whole. The Bafha laughed, and we took our leave. ~~ The Moores of Angola in Afri- ca) do cut long fireakes in their Faces, that reach from the top of cheirEye to their Chin. The A /u bices, 1 valiant Nation n Africa, marke heir faces with undry flafhes rom their In- Pureh, pj/£ f ; . $9 £ap. Jo, Smiths Travel!, ancy. The Jaos marke themfelves to be known from Hackduyu' L 1 ^ other Fice-Branders 250 Man T ram form'd : O r 3 Sir John Man* devils Trawls* * fl M 5* Pigafetti bis reports of the Kingdom of Congo. Draudius Com- mnt.in Solin. Centon. Fox of the Norths eft pnf- /*?«• Pnrflh.Pilgr.4* tibf. Idemlilgy, t, W,7* . other People, with the tooth of a fmall bcaftjlike a Rat. They race their Face?, fome their Bodies after divers formes, as if it were with the feratch of a pin, the print of which rafure can never be done away againe during life. In the llle called Somber , the which is a good Me, there the men and women that are ol the Nobility are marked in the Vifage with a hot Iron, that they may be known from others ; for, they thinke themfelvcs the worthieft of the world. The Anzich have this foolifh cuftomc, both men and women, as well of the N obility as of the Commonalty 3 even from their childhood , to marke their Faces with fundry (ladies made with a knife. In Groanland, the women herein only differ from the men 3 that they have blew ftreakes down the Cheekes, and about the Eyes. Some of them race Cheekes, Chins, and Faces 5 whereupon they lay a colour like darke azure. In that part of Groanland , which is called, the wo- mens Hland, the women are marked in the Face with divers black ftreakes or lines, the skin ha- ving been raifed with fome fharpe Inftrument when they were young, and black colour put therein, fo grown in, that by no meanc-s it can be got forth. In Tiembw. r, the women are deformed with torne faces, and alwaies bloudy, which is their beauty. The men and women, both 5 who dwell at the Capeoi LopoGonfalveS) ufe to make a ftreake or ; T be ArtificiaU Cbangling. 251 m fhpirPa- Gallantry, fo it alfo ferveth their turn es well, and to good pur- pofe, when they are Tick and fain intoafwound, and that men cannot open their hands by force, then they take that bone and crufh the Tap of forne greene herb through it, wherewith they come to themfelves againe. The Inhabitants of Tuppanbafje neare B rafil, u m pjt gYi how many men thefe Salvages kill, fo many holes they will have intheir Vifage, beginning iirft in their neather Lip? then in their Cheekes, thirdly, in both their Eyebrows, and laftly, in their Eares, and this is their cruell Gallantry. The Alexins^ or Abe xijns , that are Chrifti- xdtmeodevt ans after their manner? for they are of Prefer lib. 10. J Iohris Land, have on their Faces foure burnt markes in manner of a Croffe, one over their 1 Nofe in the midft of their forehead betweene ’ 4 * both their Eyes, one in each of their Cheekes? one betweene their Eyes and their Eares, and one. mouths 5 which as it is a note of two in their Fa- ces, wherein they put pieces of Elxen bones as thick as aDollar, withaftalkethat fhutteth thehole, which being thruft in, comes out at the Nofe, and over their U3 Bapdfiiie by Firg„ Puich. pj/jy.6. lib.y. Zfkm Tiler, z. #. 7 » 2p Mm T rans form’d: O r," in their neather Lip downe to their Chin, and this is their Bap- tifme when they are made Chri- ftians, which they ufe in ftead of water. The Virginian women pounce and rafe their Faces and whole Bodies with a fharp iron, which makes a ftampe in curious knots, and drawes the proportions of Fowles,Fifhes,or Beafts; then with painting of fun- drylively colours they rub it into the ftamp, which will never be ta- ken away, be- caufe it is dried into the flefh. The Egyptian Moores, both men and women, for love of each other, diftaine their Chins into knots,and flowers of blew; made by the pricking of the skin with needles; and rubbing it over with inke and the juyee of an herb. rrbst The Artificial! Changling. i53 ? trxS what grange kind of Butchery do thefe Nations exercife , and what needlefje paine they put themf elves unto to maintaine their cruell bravery [ Nay , which ic yet fir anger , they feeme to love this unnaturail and Lloudy Gallantry fo welly that thrflotte their ownfiefb and Lloudy whereof they freely [ acrifce to their fantaflicall imaginations. Thify in the Poets fliley is to nullife a Face. And to jpeake inthejpirit of old BEN, What is the caufe?They think fure in difgrace Of Beauty lo to nullifie a Face? ( amifs That Heaven fhould make no more, or fhould Make all hereafter^ when th'ave ruin'd this. Thus ftigmatizd, you need not doubt I tro. Whether their Faces be their own or no. Thus the more [acred and hone(l part of the Body is prophaned by their wicked inventions. Can either Gentility or Chrifhanity be forgiven fuch an err our ? furely no. This abominable folly and madnefj e was re- proved in the Hebrews? who as thefe do in pride and bravery y fo they did fcotch their Faces in time of mourningy which was ufuall among them of great antiquity , by reafon whereof the f ame was forbidden them by the Law of God in Leviticus j You fhall not cut your flt-ftr for the Dead, nor make any marke LcVl19 ' of a print upon you, I am the Lord. And againe in Beutrinomy? You are the children of the Dew ' 14,1,5 Lord your God, you fhall not cut yourfelves. which was alfo forbidden by the Romans in the Laws of the twelve Tables. PctMsrt. They in the Golden Region of Coiba-Dites are nmd.v - more- Paimcr.ftai- nets: GrimRonof their manners* 254 ManTransfomd : Or] more excufable than thefe mad and cruell Gal- iantf 5 for, they fpare their ownflefh, and marke their (laves in the defh after a drange manner? making holes in their Faces, and fp rinkling a pow- der thereon*, they moiden the pounced place with acertaineblack, orredjuyce? whole fubdance is of iuch tenacity and clamineffe? that it will never weare away. The Arabian women before they go unto their husbands? either on the marriage day? or any 0- ther time, to lye with them? paint their Faces, Breads? Armes, and Flands, with a certaine azu- red colour, thinking that they are very hanfomi after this manner, and they hold this Cudome from the Arabians which hrd entred into Africks and thefe learned it from the Africans 5 yet at this day thetown of Barbery , inhabited by them of the Country, do not imitate this cudome, but their wives love to maintaine their naturall Com- plexion. It is true, that they havefometimesa certaine black painting, made of the fmoake of Galls and Saffron, with the which they make little fpots upon their Cheekes, and they paint their Eyebrows of a Triangular forme, and they lay fome upon their Chin, which refembles an Olive leafe : And this being commended by the Arabian Poets in their amorous Songs? there is not any African of great note? but will carry it in a great bravery. But you mud underdand,that thefe women dare not weare this painting above two or three daies? nor (hew themfelves before their Kinfmen in this equipage, for that it favours fomething of a whore : They only give the fight and The Artifictall Cb angling. z 5 5 %£**■***' and content thereof unto their husbands to incite them to love, for that thefewomen defire the (port much 5 and they think that their beauty receives a great grace by this painting. In Leo’s defcription of Africa , the Relation runs thus : Their Damfels that are unmarried do ufually paint their Faces, Rreafts, Armes, Hands, and Fingers, with a kind of counterfeit colour* which is accounted a moft decent cuftome among them. But this Fafhion was firft brought in by thofe Arabians , which were called Africans , what time they began firft of all to inhabit that Regi- on, for before then, they never ufed any falfe cr glofing colours. j The women of Barbary ufe not this fond kind of painting, but contenting themfelves only with their natiirall hue, they regard not fuch fained ornaments ; howbeit fometimes they will tem- per a certaine colour with Hens dung and SafFr on, wherewithall they paint a little round fpot in the balls of their Cneekes, about the breadth of a French Crown $ likewife between their Eye- brows they make a Triangle, and paint upon their Chins a pa&h like unto an Olive leafe.Some of them aifo do paint their Eyebrows, and this Cuftome is very highly efteemed of by the Ara- bian Poets, and Gentlemen of that Country. Howbeit they will not ufe thefe Phantafticall or- naments above two or three daies together, all which time they will not be feen to any of their friends, except it be their Husbands and Chil- dren ; for thefe paintings feeme to be great allure- ments to luft> whereby the faid women thinke M m them- GrlmR. eft l?e t&ate of Chi- na. Magin. Geograph, lord Bacon 25 ^ Man Transform d: O A, themfelvcs more trim and beautifull. r tr‘ ,ti r r f Fez C ^ C WGmcn ufe t0 deck and adorne the Tim*. ° Bride, by trimming her hair, rubbing her Cheeks, Grimfton of and painting them red, and her hands and feet tbeir mnmrs. black with a ccrtainc tindture, which continueth but a while. They that live in the Province of Bugia in r nr kin Africa. Africk^ have an ancient cuftometo paint a black Crolfe upon their Jaw-bones. - The women in China ufe painting and oint- ments j And it is pradtized by the men 5 for the Chinefes , as my Lord Bacon notes, who are of an ill complexion, ( being 0 liz' after ) paint their KExpa.j^' Cheeks fcarlet, efpecially their King and Grandees. ihei^amerl The ancient Scythian women rubbed their na- ]o.Bohctp./.i. ked bodies againft fome fharpe and rough ftone; iuu.gtnu having then powred water upon them, and their fielh being fwoln by this meanes, they rubbed their bodies with the wood of Cyprefs, Cedar, and Incenfe; they did alfo ufe certaine ointments for the Face made of the like Drugs 5 by means whereof they fmell fweet, then having the day following taken away thrfe Plaift ers,they feemed more beautifull and pleafing. In Norembega , all of them, as well men as wo- men, paint their Faces. fbei^mnners. The naturall Inhabitants of Jucata paint their Magw.Setyr*. Faces and Bodies black. Americ*. The Native Socotorans paint their Faces with ^utc . tgr.i. y e j] ow anc j black fpots,loathfome to behold. Lmikot,//.a. The Brafilean women paint their Faces with aU kind of Colours) which their Neighbours and 1 The Artificial! Ch angling. 257 and other women do for them. In the middle of their Cheches they make around circle? drawing lines from it of divers colours? untill their Face# be full, not leaving fo much undone as their Eye-lids. The Virginian women adorne themfelves with paintings^ fome have their Face, Breafts, Hands, f Sm;[hs and Legs, cunningly embroidered with divers Hi ft] ofv irgi- workes, as Beafts, Serpents, artificially wrought *»i*. into their flefh with black fpots 5 their Heads and Shoulders are painted red with the root Pocone , brayed to powder mixed with oyle, which Scar- let-like colour makes an exceeding handfome fhew, and is ufed by the Kings Concubines $ this they hold in Summer to preferve them from the heat, and in Winter from the cold : Many other formes of painting they ufe, but he is the moft Gallant that is the moft monftrous to behold. Their Children? of whom they are eafily delive- red, and yet love them dearely? to make them hardy, in the coldeft mornings they make them wafti in the Rivers, and by painting and ointments fotann their skins? that after a yeareor two no weather will hurt them, when they enter into battell they paint and difguife themfelves in the fierceft manner they can devife. After their ordi- nary burials are ended, the women, having pain- ted all their Faces with black coale and oil c, do fit 24 houres in their houies mourning and lamenting by tumes, with fuch yelling and howling as may exprelfe their great pafiiens ; the Faces of all their Priefts are painted as ugly as they can devife. Sometimes the men appeare halfe black?and halfe Mm2 red. jp ferSj rs ' 258 Man T ram form'd : Or, red, but all their Eyes painted white, andfome red ftroakes,like Muftachocs, along their Checks. Some of them paint their Eyes red, having white ftroakcs over their black Faces, fo that they look more like devils than men. Captaine Smith about Onawniament cncountred with Ambulhcadoes of fiuch Savages foftrangely painted, grimed, and difguifed, fhouting, yelling, and crying, as fo ma- ny lpirits from Hell could not have fhewed more terrible. Somewhat allyed to this barbarous way of lib.;. ‘ J Difguife' is the Cuftomc of the Germans , who are laid once ay care to run mad, covering their Faces with Vizards, belying their Sex and Age, fome of them willing rather eoreprefent Satyrs or Divels, paint themfelves with V ermilion or Inke, deforming themfelves with fuch nefarious habits 5 others running naked play th Q LupercaUs: from whom my Author thinks this annuall Cu- flome of raving was firft derived, who naked, and with their faces defiled in bloud, wandring through the City, were wont to ftrike every one they met, with thongs of leather. The Author of The Souriquois cio paint their Faces all with tmoriVrln ' which maketh them feeme very hideous, sit/b.i. ran but this is their mourning V ifage. Kamutiuj nay The women of New France, about the Port of rttmof Nova the holy Croffe, for the death of their Husbands, vveare a certaine black weed all the daies of their life, befmearing all their Faces with coale dufi and greafe mingled together,almoft halfe a quar- ter of an Intch thick, and by that they are known to be Widdows, Painting Prandj, T be Artificial 'l Ch angling. 2 5 Painting being Univerfalhand without excep- Tbf Aulbor tion among the Weft Indians ; for if any of them the Dtjtriptm makethLove,he fhall be painted with red, or blue, V N °, va Fran, colour^ asd his Miftris alfo. If they be cl *'^ **• glad at any thing they will do the like generally, which is their exprdfion of jolly bravery. But when they are fad, or plot feme Treafon, then they overcaft all their Face with black, and are hideoufly deformed. In Perjia the womens pale colour is made fan- Herbw£s r guine by adulterate complexion, and their round vt i Sy r *” cheeks are fat and painted. The common womens cheeks are of a delicate dye 5 ( but Arc, not Nature caufcthit.) The Grecian women, for the moil part, are Saadys t**- brown of complexion, but exceedingly well fa- vouredj they cover not their Facesj (the Virgins excepted) unleflfe it be with painting, ufing all the fupplement of a fophifticated beauty : And not without caufej for when they grow old themoft grow contemptibIe 5 being put to the drudgery of the houfe, and many times to wait on their Chil- dren. The Spanifh women when they are married, h 0 wc1»e/>;j?, they have a priviledge to weare high Shooes,and Famil • to paint) which is generally pra&ifed there ; and the Queen ufeth it her felfe ; which brings on a great decay in the naturall Face : For it is obfer= ved) that women in England look as youthfull at fifty as fome there at twenty five. This, faith Munfter, is to be reproved in your Span ifh wo- Munfl Co r n men, that they now and then deforme their face m,i. with wafhes of Vermilion &Cerufe,becaufe they Mm3 have . ArdsciaiFaire 2 £ Q j^ an Transform'd; O R, have i e fl[ e native colour than your French wo- men j and indeed other nations learnt from them theufeof Spanifh paper. The Ladies of Italy ( not to fpeake of the Curtezans ) to feeme fairer than the reft, take a pride to befmeare and paint themfelves. A Geographer, fpeaking of Venice , faith, that it is thought no one Cityagaineis able t© com- pare with that Gity for the number of gorgeous Dames : as for their beauty of face 3 though they be faire indeed, I would not willingly commend them, becaufe there is in a manner none, old or young, unpainted. It is obferved, that the Roman Dames had infi- nite little boxes 5 filled with loathfome trafh of fcindrykind of colours and compofitions, for the hiding of their deformities, the very fight and fmell whereof was able to turne a mans ftomack. Pixides inveniesy & rerum mille color (Si On&.dtmdic. p nAU [ ea fafta meo. And for the face ufed fo much (libber-fauce, fuch daubing and painting, that a man could not well tell • — ——facies dicatur an ulcutl May it a Face or a Botch be call'd l The ancient Englifh ftained their Faces with SeuntoMglfc Woad, which is of a blew or sky colour 5 that fib ’ they might appeare more horrid to their enemies in fight. Our Englifh Ladies, who feeme to have bor- rowed fome of their Cofmeticall conceits from , , Barbarous TbeArtificiaRCbangling. z6i Barbarous Nations?are feldome known to be con- tented with a Face of Gods making; for they are either adding, detracting, or altering continually, having many Fucuffes in readineffe for the fame purpofe. Sometimes they think they have too much colour, then they ufe Art to make them look pale and faire. Now they have too little colour?then Spanifh paper, Red Leather? or other Cofmeticall Rubriques muft be had. Yet for all this, it may be, the skins of their Faces do not pleafe them ; off they go with Mercury water, and fo they remaine like peeld Ewes, untiil their Faces have recovered a new Epidermis. Our Ladies here have lately entertained a vaine their Faces remarkable ; for fome fill their Vifa- gesfullof them? varied into all manner offhapes and figures. This is as cat ow> and as fenfeleffe an affectation as ever was ufed by any barbarous Nation in the Worlds And 1 doubt our Ladies that ufe them are not vrell advifed of the eff eft they worke : for tbefe jpots in fane no^djsfnuge 062 ManTramforni d: Or, Fa * re ?* ceS advantage not beauty as they f uppof e, le- caufe contraries compared and placed neare one ano- ther > fheip their luttremore plainely ; but because it gives envy f dtisfaBion,which takes pleafurre in defeBs , or ly reafon it takes array that aftonijhmenty which infieadof delighting confounds 5 not that ImperfeBi- on can make perfect, or that the defeB canencreafe beauty 5 and therewith delight 3 for thefe Jpots in a beautiful! Face adde not grace to a Vij'age , nor encreafe delight : they entertaine it becaufe they extinguish and then renew it. Our natural l power vs limited to a certaine meafure 3 when the continued prefence of the delightful 'I objeB doth exceed, the de- light ceafes, and to the extreame of what it can con - tribute it delights no longer 3 he that will renew his pleafure muft begin with paine , and go out of the na- turall ftate to returne into it 3 Let him looke upon the jpots , then returne to behold the beauty of the face . And it may be fome of the more fubtiU Heads, whofe heaving phanfies fill their Faces full of fuch artificialL mole-hili- are aware that men define to find def eB in thofe things that are pleafing to them , and that he rt- joyceththat he hath found per adventure feeming unto him that he hath gotten comfnand over her that hath it, and that he may reap the delight of pardon- ing , without feeling the dammage of being offended. If Nature then, as the politique Marquefje of Mal- vezzi thinks may be fhe doth, fets us in the way to feek def ?Bs, to bring us, through the knowledge of thofe who have the defeB, to the knowing of him that hath none. The befl improvement of this folly is to make thef ? Crea- tures f crve for InftrumentSi to bring us to f reke out the Creator 3 not only by what is perfeBin them, butalfo The Artificiall Ch angling. by that which naturally wants perfeRioni or is charged with artificiall defers arifingcut of an evill affectati- on, and not as if they were totally perfect, who openly profejje tofludy imperfections, fimplyfawn upon , and adore them, as if we heleeved they were alfolutely [per fed. And the like fober ufe may the difcreeterfort of Ladies, who are not guilty of this flatting vanity , make ufe of, when they behold the like prodigious af- fectation in the Faces of effeminate Galt ants, a bare- headed Sett of amorous Idolaters , who of late have be- gun to vye patches and beauty- flots, nay, painting, with the mo ft tender and phantajitcall Ladies, and to re- turne by Art their queafie paine upon women , to the great reproach of Nature, and high dishonour and a- bafementof the glory of mans perfection. Painting is bad both in a foule and faire wcm.in, but worfl of all in a man ', for if it be the received opinion of fome Phyficians, that the uftngof Complexion, and fuch like /libber- (labbers, is a weakenefje and infirmity in itfelfei who can fay whether fuch men as ufe them be found or no ? it being a great difhonefys and an un- feemely fight to fee a man painted, who perchance had a reafonable good natur all complexion of his own-) that when he hath by nature thof ? colours proper to him, he fhould befoot bis face with the fame paintings, or make fuch flight reckoning of thofe faire pledges of Natures goodneJfe,and embrace fuch counterfeit (luffe, to the ill example of others', f 0 that his face,which he thinks doth fo much commend him, fhould be made of ointments, greafie ingredients, and flabber-fawces,or done by cer - taine powders, Oxe-galls , Lees, Latherings , and other i fuch Jluttifh andbeafjtly confeBions.Forbefides that, they are effeminate adions, fitting only wanton wenches , N n and t/X\3 «fi n rS“ 4* Man Transform'd : O r, “*■ VJ and light huf wives, they give occafion ta men to mur- mur againft them , and breed a f ufpition of bafeneffie in the vileft degree , when they {hail fee than thus daubed over with Cday, and wholly compcfed ofthof ? things that are only permitted unto women , who be- caufe they have not f efficient beauty of themf elves, bor- row it from paintings and varnifoings , to the great cofi both of their heal h and purfes. Verily theje are they who do fome thing worth the fp/ght of envious and joule difieafes, and invite the hand of God to fir ike them w'v h deformity. But as for painting, it is no mar- veil if the Ladies of our time do paint themf elves, for of a long time, and in many places that trade hath had beginning . This generation of Daubers having e- ver fought quarrels with Nature and forced Art , her falfe fervantj into Ballance with her, jetting more by their falfe face than they do by their true ; Jo that thefe Face-takers feeme to be out of love with them- f elves, and to hate their Natural/ Face, extermina- ting or cut-lawing their own Face to put on another 3 whofie curioflty was handfomely taxed ly an Ancient with this Dilemma ; if women be naturally faire. Na- ture' fuff cetb them3 and there is no reef on that Art foould plead againft Nature, or painting again (l the truth : if they befcule by Nature 3 the painting which they lay upon them bewrayetb their foulenefs the more. Plautus ashes afoolifh woman , wherefore jhe corrup- ted with Fucufjes and artificial! waters fo faire a thing as the Face is 3 a[f tiring her, that foe could not pojfdly exfir c if e thefe Arts fo warily but that they will a p- peare, and continually fulmimfier an occafion of judging ° For the Latitant efjeBis fuppofed greater than indeed it if* which bad not beenfo wuebfufie- The Artificial l Ch angling. 2 6 5 ^ Bed bad [he not painted her f elf e t Pythagoras therefore , in honour of Nature , forbad reomen to paint themf elves, ordaining that they Jhould be con- tent veith their naturall Beauty . Erelong thefe adulte- rate Colours mil moulder , and then the old maple face appears, which is fujficiently laught at by ail, lefties the harme the paint hath done ; for -. s that Face which was badenough is hereby made worfe , there being a veno- mous quality in the paint which wrinkleth the Face bet ore its time , it dims the Eyes , and blacks the Teeth y with fa If e colours they fpotle their Face, and gaine nought but contempt and hatred of their Husbands. Have ye not feen ( faith a reverend nit ) a compleat ^ D©rme beauty made worfe by an artificiaU addition , becaufe serm . 7 o, they have not thought i t well enough bef ire ? you] ee it everyday , and every where, if S-aint Paul himf dfe were here , whom for his Eloquence the Lyftrians cal- led Mercury, he could not per f wade them to leave their Mercury, it will noteafily be left ; for how ma- ny of them that take it outwardly at firfl , come at la(t to take it inwardly. Solomons caution therefore. Be not over righteous, may be applied to this fen fe, Be not over Faire. The great advancer of Learning - therefore , where he jpeakes of Ccfmetique Medica- ments, or the Art of Decoration, faith, that this a- dulterate decoration by Painting and Cerufe is well worthy the imperfections which attend it, being nei- ther fine enough to deceive, nor handfome enough to pleafe, nor fafe and who feme toufe. And this at- tempt is not only inconvenient , but Very vime and ridiculous ', for, while by wafhes, paintings,' and fuch { (libber- jl abler s, they prefume by the Minifry of Art \ to overcome Nature-, they fade in their Deli one ; for Nn 2 ~~ Arte - ““t ,hc llle ManT raw form'd : O r, F (2/eXsY3 -^rt, & experience teacheth tu, cannot furmount Na- ture , nor by the mo ft exquifite and illuftriov is Pig- ments come neare the native colour. For, the God of Nature will not permit a true and native colour to le furpajjed by a falfe and counterfeit. Nature verily abhors fuch externall adventitious leau y which flows from Art , which being ab extra, confers nothing to the proper and intrinficpue end of her worke ‘ 3 for , be- ftdes the ufe and aftion, you ftjallfnd nothing in the body of man and its parts which is quid intrinficum, to mt 3 conferring to the end for which th of e parts were created j and who would grant a beauty of this kindjje mufi profejje that there is fomewhat in the bo- dy of man and its parts befdes the ufe or aflion. It is freely confeffed , there is in the body of Man fome- what for ornament^ which verily mu ft be a Naturally or Fhyficall ornament , frnce in -Art ornaments have their end. By which you may underftand, that al- though all the parts of the Body are not clefgnedto aftion, yet they have their ufe, becau\e Nature hath made nothing in vaine. The Cuticle of the Face hath indeed no afticn in the body , but it hath ufe j for it feems (as Parous fpeakes ) to be given by the fvngular indulgence of Nature to be a mu r iment and ornament to the true skin } which providence of Nature thefe Artizans (or rather Curtizans ) do imitate , who for to feeme mere beautifull do fmcoth and poll ft) it, the baudy trimming of which chcekc-varniftk proves but a leathfome naftinrjje, and is a complement more than Nature looks for at their hands, which to fee is a theu- fand pitties , for, your foule and worft favoured women are not only thofe that do thisfbut even your farrefl^and thefe that are mofl beholding to Nature, who thinke ■' therei. T be Artificiall Ch angling. 267^“^ CoB ' thereby to feeme fairer, and to make Mature appear* mere lovely in Arts drefing, begin this worke betimes in the morning in their bed, a lad finifs it at noone when the cloatb is laid. So that I fay {and not without re afore) / That a woman the more curious fie is about her face, the more eartleffe about her houfe , the repairing oj the one being the ruining of the other , which makes even Guzman cry out, 0 filtbintffe above all other filtbi- neffes ! 0 affront above allot her affronts !' that God ha- ving giventhee one face thou fhould'Jl abufe bis Image and make thy felfe another . And it ts a wonder {as my Lord Bacon notes ) that this corrupt cuflome of Pain- ting hath fo long efcaped penall Laws, both of the Church, and of the State, which have beenvcry fevere again H the excefive vanity of cApparrell, and the effeminate trimming of H aire. And the wonder is the greater how it hath efcaped E cc left afli call Genfureftrce all the Fathers of the Church have firongly envetghed againfi forged and feigned beauty, and this py aft ice of introducing other hewes them the blond naturally af- fords • A vile thing it is faith one, thus to force and wrong Nature with Birdlime, Chalke t Daubing, and fitch Trafh, plainly marring alltht beauty they have of Nature, growing foulewith making t hern pelves fair e: A gr of $ folly to change the naturall Bemty,andfeke af- ter painting, the crime of Adultery is in a manner more tollerable, for there Chajlity is corrupted, and here Nature is forced. Saint Ambrofe of fitch a one .• ’Ihou defacejl the features of God if thou cover thy Face with painting . This radiative Artifice which intreduceth an ac- juifitt complexion to deceive the Spell at ours Bye for a moment is altogether to be rejelled by women, tffecially Nn- 3 ChrifiiaM',. m«S‘d. sd ‘ 2(58 Man T rans form’d: O r, c yfr!fe$, CbifliABS. Jnd Cyprian mint truly, ?{ot tnly ^Jub.Virg. Virgins, faith he, and Widdows, but all married wo- men. tre to be admnifbedphat this woke, andfaciure , and pit fine ought to be no manner of way adulterated by yellow iintture, black duff, or redpaint, or any other Medicaments which corrupts the native Lineaments, \Mnd afterwards he faith, they offer violence to God when they firive to deforme and transfigure that which he hath formed, not knowing that every thing that is borne is the worke of God, and what ever is changed is the worke of the D tv ill, T hefephantafficafl Correcitrs of their Njturali formes {as another faith) feemetodo nothing etfe then to reprehendthe power of their Ma- ker, who as a mofl wife Artificer hath fo framed and coloured them, A very great rajhneffe with fuch vaine impofiures to go about to correct andamendthat which Aug.ScT.no he hath made andperfeffed. For as St Auguftin faith, his workes fhould not feemeto be fuch unto thee as if be transformed Natures, or in the Creation of any thing had ever turnedwhite into black , or black into white, when he faid, Let us make man accord mg to out Image and Similitude, and yet thoudefirefi to change that Face which God hath made, and thou wilt reforme that which God hath formed in thce\ If as a holy Permit, fame famous Painter, or himner, a cunning vU Me ft! pair , Mafler of his Art had with great care and diligence bifi.mna that. painted fome curious Picture, andbrought it to its full perfections And another rude Painter fjjould come who fhould rajhly put to his hand and prefume to correct and amend it, now adding , now taking away fomewhat,now changing the fnaddow, and transferring thofe things which were obfeure into cleare and lucid appearance, contrary to the precept of Limbing ; He would both di - 7 'bsAnificiaU Changing. Jlorttbe countenance, and render it void of all Grace* Would you not think when the Mafler returned and fm what was dene, he would be mo (l juftly angry, conside- ring how rude & Painter had put his hand to that Image which he had fo elaborately fnifhed ? In like manner you may judge that God will be angry with fetch, who by vaine invention of Medclh and adulterate Sophiftica- i ttens fhould dare to correct and amend t hat Image which the Divine Majejiy hath fo ah folut ely fainted in thee. * Tisie be feared, as St Cyprian notes 3 that at the laft day God will not acknowledge them for his Creatures, but tv id exclude them from his Houfe and Court as grangers and unknown perfons unpleajing unto him ; they may jujilyfeare , that when he fees them fo defor- med he Should fay they were not the w crises of his hands, nor Creatures made according to his fimilitude, but to Cxhibite the Enjignes and markes of the Devili, to difeover the werkes and imprefions of his foule hand. And indeed a good ground for this proteflation had , thefe holy men, for this Trade of painting is reproved in the holy Books, and made a reproach by the mouth of the Prophets , as when Jeremy tbreatneth the 'City of . _ 1 Jerufalem,When thou thalc be deftroyedf faith he ) jCM> ’’ what wilt thou do, &c. though thou paintefhhy Face with Colours, yet fhak thou trim tby felfe in i vaine ; for thy Lovers will abhor thee, and feek thy life. The Prof Ezekiel maketh the like reproach to thiCitics of ferufalem and Samaria, i vhtchhecom- pareth to two lewd Harlots, who having feat to feeke j oat men comm ing from far, and being come they have wajhedthemf elves, and have paintedt heir Faces, a '.d haveput on their faire Ornament s. TheffseenfeSx- bd doing the fame, was for alltkat cajl down out of a * window, ?S$r 07 o Man Transform d : O r, window^ And hare the punijhment of her wicked life. Tet we cannot fay, that it is abfolutely unlawful! to tifc any Fttcus, effect aBy when any foule bltmifh doth difgr&cethe forme of modefl Virgins or Matrons , and we know phyfuians arefometimes CQnfrained to fatisfii the de fires of honourable Ladies , and great Perfons , whom, as Galen faith , we may not deny. And indeed fomexvhat is to be allowed to women who art Jlndious of their beauty , and de fire a niter and certaine fflcn- dourof Countenance , and therefore either to repatre the injuries of aire, or any other Ioffe anddammagt that hath hapftmdtothe Face, or what is wanting to the emendation of the Elegancy of the Epidermis, or skin of theVifageis no treffajfe againfl Piety , but may be honcflly endeavoured by a Phyfnian , fmce this inducetb no Fucut, but ref ores the natural! niter of the Body, upon whatfoever cattfe it is loft, and therefore it is granted to women off (dally , who ftnce they were feme- what infer tour to men in prudence, firength of Body and fortitude , and other things , infltad thereof ; as Ana- creon interpreted ’ pngs, Natura donatillis, Decoram habere formam Pro parmulifque cun&is, Pro Lanceifquc cun&is > Nam flammaceditillis Ferrumquc, fi qua pulchraeft. K^ind fince Plato in Phasdro cals Beauty tbemfl idu - firious and amiable of all things ; And that a faire Face is illufirious with a kind of Divine Forme •, it is worthy '/ The Artificial! Ch angling, Zji STcXc! 11 t>f prifervation^ and a fair e restitution. And indeed it C< ^V\j belongeth to the corrective p art of Medicine to reduce a fuperficies that is preternaturall •, for , an in? qua. lity in the fuperficies belongs to Decoration, as when any fpot is in the Face from the Nativity , it belongs to the Corrector to make this fuperficies beaut i- fullandtocorreCl it, as women who have native fifots intheirface , which the Moderns call Stercus Daemo- Mont, medic, num 3 which proceed from a thin and adurent bloud, f ar * 1, therefore it Uthe Office of the Cor red or to cor red t hofe fits in them that have contracted them. But the pra- I ft ice of woman in this cafe is not laudable, nor agreeable to the corrective Art of Medicine • for,your women in your Cofmetique tifurpations ufeonly thofe things which \cooflipate,refirigerate^repercufs,toremovethem from the Superficies to the Center, where as they fhould alfj ufe thofe things which are abfierfive and mundififmg j But hecaufe things Abfierfive and mundifying introduce a fiurfe, women willmt endure this way of Reduction to the n&turall fiate of perfection. But as the needlcffe I fijfumption and affectation offuch Artifice is abfard, and no way pleafwg to Nature , fo too much curiofity in fuch matters is naught and reprevable. And to take in what a grave and learned Divine hath, in concurring n? Donne with the purpofe of God in dignifying the Body, sem.zo, we may exceed and go beyond Gods purpofe. God would not have the Face mangled and tome, but then hewould not have it varnifhed with fiorreine Complexi- ons ; it is ill when it is not our own bloud that appear es in our Cheeks j it may do font e ill offices of blond, it may tempt ; but it gives over when it fhould do a good office of bloud , it cannot blujh. god would not have us disfigure our Face with fad Cour/fenan- Sn" g wke " 172 Man Transform d: O r, v ' i> Ces inf afiing and other Di[ciplmes, nor would have w go about to marre his vrorke , or to do his laft work , which he hath referred to himfelfe in Heaven, here upon earth, that ii,toglorife ourBodies wiihfucb Ad- ditions here-, as though we would need no Glorificati- on there.. But concerning this kind of t ran fgrejjion again It the honefly and truth of Nature ■> or rather the finfulneff e of it , Cajetan is of an opinion , that as a woman may conferve her naturall beauty without fin, fo fjje may alfo preferve it b) A'ft by adhibiting thevertues of FucuJJes, Figments, and. Other pain- tings, fo it do not intend an evill end, it is a fiftion and 'Vanity fomewhat excufable ; whereas it is con- cluded a mart all fin for any to fell f uch difguifing trafb to thofe they know will abufe it for an evill end. And in this regard fome Divines will not allow fo much as palliation of any deformity in the Face which hath proceeded from licentioufneffe and intemperance, or that they fhould be difguifed by unnatural/' helps, to the drawing in of others, and the continuation of their former [ms. The fin it felfe was the Divels aB in thee , but in the Deformity that follows upon the fin God hath a hand^and they that fuppreffe and [mother thefe by paintings, and unnaturall helps to unlawful l ends, do not deliver them/ elves of the plague > but they do hide the market and infeft others, and wr ad lea- gain kb Gods notifications o f their former- fins. The invention of which Aft of Palliation of an af editions deformity againfl Gods indignation off n, is imagined one reaf on of the invention of black Patches, wherein the French [hewed their witty prides which could fo cunningly turne Botches into Beauty 5 and make ugli- xejjehandfome 5 yet in paint of Phantaficalnejje we may MuGciaasFic® The Artificiall Changling. 273 d«U^ may excufe that Nation-* as having taken up the far fhion , rather for necejsity than novelty j in as much as thofe French Pimples have need of a French Plainer. Among thofe who corrupt and deforme theFacefome account Mufi- ciansthat play upon wind Inftruments.lt is ftoried of the Goddeffe Pallas , ihe was feme times delighted in playing on the Cornet) till it hapned, that fone day j playing thereon for her pleafure 3 by a frantane River, the beheld her felfe in the water, and beholding thofe new and ftrange Faces, which (he muft necelfarily make while fhe played, was afhamed of her felfe, and prefently broke the cornet in peeces. And indeed it was well done of her 5 it not being an InftrumeHt fit- ting for Ladies, nor yet for men, except for thofe who are willing to deforme themfelves for plea- fure or gaine. Omnes Tibi tines inf aniunt , ubi f emel affiant^ avolat illico vultiss. And therefore A lei bl- ades was angry with Flutes, becaufe playing upon them disfigured the Beauty of the Face 3 yet that peradventure hapned, as the Marqudfe of Mal- vezzi well confiders, becaufe he fpoiled their harmony, playing ltfife than was requifite, and O o a defer- S 274. Man T ram form'd : Ok, I 1 t/SSj deforming himlelfe more than he needed to have done. Yet he pardons fuch a conceit concerning VVind-Inftruments in a tender and wanton youths And in a Court Phylofopher, a Politician, a Pe- ripatctick* talking with Senators and Princes. But 10c all Mujique performed ly fnflruments which Nature hath indented ftr delight >ought not to he fet at naughty for the fame-* or peradventure no reafon at all , as it is Ly the Stoick moral l Philtfophersi < For, the Win d - Mufi que doth not deforme the Vifage, itrefortneso yea, conformes it : and the locally which is correspondent to the hearing , altereth the proporti- on of the Facej to conforme it to the Eye 5 the one re- quires fetlednefje to he well looked upon, and the other receives its perfeRions from motion : one unfolds the \ Beauty of the Vifage, the other loth laies open 3 and accompanies the fweetnejje of the voice ; where there is a found , Motion hath necejj arily proceeded s and the motion is with meafure, if the found he harmonious Sometimes alfo it is voluntary , accompanied with the Heady Eyes, and Mouth $ and with delight, though without neceffity, if it he with proportion. That moti- on which of ends ■> produces no harmonious found , or I doth not accompany itproportionahly. SCENE T be Artificial l Cb angling. 275 ii 0 a E ecke4 Scene XVI. Nation all Monjlrofities appearing in the Nechg. Etrm Damianw, Arch-Bifhop of_ . „ . A i- .1 i r Damianus /<• Ravenna^ and Cardinal!, relates, httotkmru . that Robert King of France mar- ried a Kinfwoman of his, by , whom he had a Son with a Goofes neck and head, whereup- on by a common confent of the French Bifhops they were excomunicated ; the King compelled by thefe ft reights takes better Counfell, and re- nouncing his inceftuous Bed, entred into lawful! marriage with another. Beyond the [freights, of Magellan^ Pigafrtta re- ports to have feen men with Necks of a Cubit long, the other parts of their body being pro- portionable thereunto. In Eripia , as fome write, or according to Lj- cofthenes , in theextreame part of Siricana , or as it pleafeth others in fome of the Valleys of Tarta- rian there harbours a Nation of folong a Neck, that it wholly refembles the neck of a Crane ; O 0 3 afterwards n?cS inX s 7j& Man T ramfomd: Ok, a ^ crwar ^ s m c h e top the Neck there is a fe- rine Face, with the Eyes and Noftrilsof a man, as alfo with a bill adorned with Gils like a Cock. Aldrovandm ( indeed J faies, it will more availe one to read than believe this Relation ; yet he de- nies not but there are halfe-men with a long Neek 5 and a ferine Face 3 do live in thofe Regi- ons, their women being not fo deformed as the men, and they arefaidto be vc r.y feldome feen. This Nation is carried with great force againft their Enemies, and chiefly againft the Tartars. Aidrov. monfl . Aldrovandw hath exhibited the Effigies of thefe H’tft.iib.x. Gangrell-Neck’d men to be confidered of by his Readers j which puts me in mind of that ridicti=| lous wifh of Pbiloxones , that grumbled at Nature for the fhortnefle of his Neck, who would have had the Neck of a Crane, that thereby he might have taken more pleafure in his meat 5 or as fome thinkc, to obtaine advantage in ftrging or warb- ling, and dividing the notes in Mufick ; which Cavill of Pbiloxones againft Nature, for not ha- ving refpe£t unto the Tafte, or fingingj in the con- trivance of hisNeckj is abfurdj and in the very p,BrownP/««* foundation of the fancy to be condemned, as it is deioxia. Epid. ingenioufly obferved by the late Enquirer into itb.T. cap, 14 . vu ]g ar err ours. And if he had obtained this foo- lifh requeft, yet the juftneffie of Nature could not have fuffered him to ha ve been a gainer by the bar- gainee for, a long gangrell neck, which would have made the head look as fet upon a pole, would by fuch an elongation, caufed a very in- convenient diftance between the braine and the heart j but the Epicure furely had a more reach- The Artificiall Cbangling. Zjp'tTZ ingconceit, knowing that they are more greedy ot meats and have better ftomacks, who have a greater (pace from the mouth to the paunch. That there are Nations that have no Neck, Solinw afhrmes. Pliny faith, that not far from the Troglodytes there are certaine men that have no Neck. In the Province of Old' Port in the Weft Indies^ there are men that. want a Neck, my Author meanes that part of the Neck that is next to the At Untick Vertebra 3 n©o that they are altogether without Neck, but they have but a little and fhort one ; Neither are thefe Hiftories fo incredible, fince many have been borne without Necks. Al- drovandus hath exhibited the figures in feverall poftures of an Infant borne at Baft l without a Necks according to the relation of LycoHkenes in the month of Auguft 1557. with the other mem- bers very well formed, only the Face wasmon- firous, efpecially it was not eminent above the Necks for it wanted that part. AldrovandM hath alfo exhibited thepi&ure of a monftrifiquechilds that look'd like Bacchus^ which was an Embrion , to wit? an immature fruit of five months, wanting a . Solin. eap.t fg. Plin, fib. 7. c.4. Cirdan .de re- turn virietaie % Hint, cap. 4 1 . m“L°N e ck! h '278 ManTrantformd : Or, a Neck and Forehead, but having a mold broad Face. Neither is it impolTiblc,as I have elfe where laid, that men may live without aNeckj for it may happen, either by the conftitution of the Climate, or home kind of Artifice, that the Neck may not appeare advanced above the Shoulders, and yet the Inftruments of Nature may performe their office in a nearer approach of the Neck unto the Body, which is the opinion of Kornmannuf, They that inhabit thofe Alpes which divide France from Italy, their throats are encreafed to that bulke and largeneffe, that both in men and women thole gutturall bottles hang down even to their Navels, and they can call them over their fhoulders • and this is not commonly feen in the Aliohroges Carintbi ans* 1 , Syrians , and Nations living about the Alpes, but it is alfo familiar to Fabricius ab fome places of S paine. Fahriciw faith, that fuch 4 qua pend. Tumours are frequent among the B er gome n fans, wherethemen and women all, for the mold part, have fuch great pendent bags in the fore-part of loan. StumpfA^ 1 Throats. Among the Rue antians, a people ii6.Chr.io. of Helvetia, now called Rbreti, the Inhabitants, cap.zo. cfpecially about the Town Cicercs , are troubled m Pol lib i vy hh the fame gutturall deformity. Neither doth eapyil * ‘ this happen only in Europe^ but alfo in Afa-, for, the men there have fuch great wallets of flefh af- ter a wonderfull manner hanging at their throats. But in Syria the women have their throats lo pro- tended, that they caft it behind their back, as it Ond. in illy, were a Sack or Wallet, left it fhould hinder their riC0 * Infants when they fuck. This The Artificial!. Changling. 279 This fwelling,or Throat-E>ropfie,is occafioned by the drinking of crude waters of diffolved Snow, as moil Authors fuppofe ; which although it be a reafonnot to be rejected, yet Plater m to this Caufe addes the Seed, and the Facultie Formatrix in the wombe, where they are familiar to any place, and that they are rather propagated from the Parents in their Childrens then that they hap- pen by reafon of any meat or drinke, or any other peculiar caufe 5 which Sennerm thinkes doth not feldome fall out fo indeed 5 yet the firft caufe feemes valid, becaufe it is obferved that they that come well into any fuch places, after they have abode there a while, they contra# fuch a water between the skin and rough Artery 5 which is called by Phyfitians Bronchocele , and Bocium a Bocii ventricofi poculi [imilitudine 3 from the fimili- tude of a great-bellied drinking Cup. i“hc caufe of fuelling throats. Platetu*, Jigher dc c”an 2.80 Man Transform'd: Or, the Head. J SCENEXVIL Humerall, or Shoulder *Affettati' ons . Lycoft. Append f &W. prtdig. Parch, Pi/gf.4. N the Ifland Taprobana , High huff- Shoulders are in Faihion? and Natu- ral!. The wywapanami^ a people in the Weft-Indies , their Shoulders are higher than their Heads. whether thefe Nations are guilty or not of ujing ^ rt to this purpcfe-> I fjjall not conclude , although J halfe fuff eft fome concur- rent affefiatiens. My apprehenfion of this buftneffe J have al- ready expreft in the Hi (lory of the Ace- phali, which appears to be the fame Nation . In all the parts of T art aria the men are broad- fhouldered 5 which being Nationall, is held there in good repute: And if it were not at firft affe&ed The Artificial! Changling. 28 x and introduced among them by Art 5 yet in other Countries, where it is noted to be extremely affe- cted, there hath been feme endeavour ufed to that intent, and where that hath failed 5 they have had recourfe to outward fupplements. Concerning the Italians, Crefollm hath infer- med us of their ridiculous affectation in this kind: u m *' Behold (faith he ) what the improvident curiofity of men hath thought on 5 who that they might feeme Plato's^ that is, broad-fhouldred,full,fquare, andfomewhat ftrong, and mighty men, they bum- baft their Doublets, and after a childifh, or rather, womanifh manner , adhibent AnaleRides, ufe little Bolftcrs or Pillows for to feeme more fat and comly,bolftring foup their prominent {boul- ders, as little women were wont to do of old, as Ovid deferibes the Cuftome5 Conveniunt tenues f tapulis Analettides alt is, Angufum circa fafeia peBm erat. Well-) could thefe men be Makers of their wifh, yet it is a queftton whether it would pleaf ? their Mifcrif- fes : For , the women of other Countries^and among us, are notfo well ajfefied to broad fhoulders', for it is worth the noting , what women'by long ufe haveobferved , to wit j that men that have broad fhoulders , for the mo if parti get great Children. Hence the Mother-In-Law of For eft us, afruitfull woman , would not match her Laughters to Platonique mem by reafon fhe feared leaf in their Delivery they fhould be endangered by reafon of the great neffe of the Child, which For eft us had often feene to happen , the broad fhoulders dange- P p 2 roufly *r 7 »&d- 282 Man T ransform'd : O r, Wherefore Terence , in the Defcription of a han- fome (lender woman, makes her to have demifjos Ifumercs, as it were pinion’d fhoulders. Codes the famous Philofopher reports, that he knew and faw fundry women in his time, which drew by Art, and through their beaftiall enduments, the fhoulder-points fo neare together? that they for- med in a manner the like unto Os ventris in the part behind,, and they garnifhed and beautified thefe with Cofmeticall waters. This Codes alio noted fundryltaliansandfond French men, which he aptly nameth by chat by-word Hermaphroditic that exercifed the like practice with their fhoul- der-points 5 A matter which feemeth, in my opi- nion, incredible to be exercifed of any faithtull nus thinks to he difficult: whence you may fee what vporke they make for the women , who endeavour hy Art to purchaf ? thick and broad fhoulders. Narrow and contracted fhou!= ders were e dee- med fo proper to women of old, that they affeded this compofure of the fhoulders, and as fome thinke, learnt it very diligently in their Pale fir as as a great elegan- cy and beauty. Chrifti- T be Artificiatt Ch angling. 283 fboul(Jerbigh Chriftian. BucthePhyfiognomer feemeth truly uS*"* C to utter what he faw and knew in Bononiaohis own Country,and in fundry other The Maids of France , efpecial- ly the more no- ble Virginsjtheir Right (boulders are higher and bigger than the Left? fo that a- mong a hundred Virgins you (ha 11 fcarce find ten which have their (boulders hand- fome j the caufe whereof, Riolamts problematically offers at thus .* ^ Whether it be by reafon of the mere valid moti- on of the right Arme, whereby the Scapula is di- ftradted, and abfcedes? and grows prominent with theinterje&ed Mufcles which raife it ups whether becaufe the Lungs encline more to the Right fide than the Left; or whether it be that Nurfes when they begin to teach Children to go? are wont to draw them by the Right Hand : A thing to be citdm ptr well conhdered of by them who would not have Nuremberg their Children C rump- (houldered. H 1 ,Nal ' Fra net f cm Hemandm in his Manufcript makes report of certaine Nations in India who are all buncht-backt , crooked and crump-fhoul- dered, P p 3 whether - Crook ’d-backt Nations. Arift. i Getter tt, dnim,i 7, 284 Man Transform'd: O r , whether it hap- pea to them Ly Na- ture or Artificad affectation I (hall not here dijfutei but verily if this foolifh Cuflome of freight *— lacing were a little more Epidemically and the ill effects of that Artifice more propagated by C li- ft ome and inter- changeable marriages of fuch gibbons perf ons,the Cor - por all upright neffe of our er eel fature would in time be converted into crookedneffe-y and our (Iraight Fi- gure bowed into a nationall Gibbofitie. For among the externall Caufes of the Transformation of mansard a deformed iffue-, Phyfitians juftly reckon the Heredita- ry or accidentary difeafes of the Parents , fince by rea- fon of thofey there follow many times monfrous produ- ctions : So we fee lame Children borne of lame Parents j and crookbackt of the Gibbous 3 and for this caufe , oftenfaddle-nofed men beget faddle-nofed children) Stutterers Stutterers , Dwarf es DwarfeS) and lame men a lame Progeny j /or, the Seed proceeding weaker from the maimed parts it is no wonder if they prove lame as the Parents were . 7 hus the race of the Ma- crocephali were for awhile continued. Examples of this truth there might be many produced . Ariftotlc reports 3 that in Chalcedon, a Father that had h is Arme marked with certaine IpotSi the Son got by him , reprefen- T be Artificiall Chanelim. 2,8 < mS? J o o J repref fated the f ame , but with a confufed note. Among **” the people called Dakes, the Children ufually carry the marker imprinted in their Armes , of themfrom whom they are defended, even to the fourth Generation. Bauhinus Jpeakes of one George Hertz a Shoomaker, in librode wbohaving the great Toe of one of his feet of an ex- H(rmoph ’ traordinary fize, his only Daughter had the like great Toe , which was then firfi obferved when he was jea- lous of his ivif ?, becauf ? he had lined many ye ares with her, and had no Children by her till then. And I knew one, who having a jhort little finger , knew all his Chil- dren to be his by that earc-marke. It is alfofi ten, faith Pliny, that Infants are at default offuch parts as their vhn.tiat.Hifit Parents miff e j yet it mufi ( with Pliny) be confejj ed-> ' * 7 ’ that Children are not alwaies anf werable to the Pa- rents in every reffeH‘ } for, of perfeH Fathers and Mothers, who have all their Limbs> there arefome- times begotten Children unperf eft, and wanting fome Members : And contrariwif e, there are Parents mai- med and def eBive in fome part, who neverthelefj e in- gender Children that are found and entire, and with all that they fhould have. SCENE Arme.galUn^g£ framfomd l O R, i/xu. SceneXVIIL Strange Indentions of certain Nations in ordering their Arrnes y Hands and Nailes . Parch .ftlgY-i* lib. i. N the Province of Cardandam , in the great C&4/2 Tart ays ju- rifdi&ion? the men about their Arrnes make Lifts, pricking the places with Needles, and put- ting therein a black indelea- bletin&ure, and thcfe Lifts or marks are eftee- med with them a great gallan- try. The Inhabi- tants of the town Alimamu in Mat- bada , have their arrnes and thighs Oakredand dy- ed with red , black; white and yellow? lib. 7. The Artificiatt dangling. 187 yellow, ftriped likejjnto panes, fo as they fhcw as if they were in Hofe and Doublets. In little Venice , by the Gulph of Pma^ the wo- men 5 who are proud, paint their Armes and Breads. The ^Egyptian Moores 5 both men and women, Purch.p'/gr.a. brand their Armes for love of each other. In Portugal lit- tle long hands are in fafhion, and accounted a great beauty in women; where- fore they ufe Art to have them fo, wrap- ping the hands of their Female Children from their Infancy in Cloaths , and binding them ftraighc in with fillets, whereby they conftraine them to grow narrow, and to run out in length. An ingenious Gentleman, a Merchant, upon the credit of whofe Relation I have prefented this affe&ation, affures me, that Gentlewomen and Ladies of Lisbon have for the moft part fuch fmall hands, and that this traditi- on of their Artifice is there generally acknow- ledged. The Spanifh women are noted to have the lead hands of any women in the World, and ! itfeemes probable to me that they have atchieved it by the fame Artifice 3 and whether they began Q,q the P««ned hand* a^eSed. Pureh t Pi/e>>.i, Hb. 8. Herbert! Tra- vtls , Profp.Alpinus lib.de plant, EgypU-i^. Purch. Viler, lib.9. Mag. Geogr, Georg. Drau- dim comment . in SAin.rnemo- Tahiti tt Africse. i88 Man Transform’d: O r’ the affectation to the Portugall women, or th e Portugals, at the fecond hand of T radition, imita- ted their practice, I leave to the Inquifitive Rea- ders further inquiry. The Abajfnes colour their hands with the juyee of a Reddifh Bark. The Perfians paint their hands into a red or tawny colour, which both cooles their Livers 5 and makes them in War victorious. The com- mon women to fhew they are fervants to Dame Flora , ( in her daics a good one ) they illuftrate their Armes and Hands, their Legs and Feet with Flowers and Birds. The Egyptian women love golden Golls, who of the leaves of Cyprus, an orientall tree, which the Egyptians call Elhann 1Q>> whereby they fhew that they are Gentlemen, that being a fign of idle Gentility, becaufe the longnefs of nailes doth let or hinder men from working or doing any labour^ which had been a better reafon if Nature had sot fitted the hand for labour . But they have a more tolerable reafon, for they fay likewife that they do it the better and fafter to gripe a thing in their hands, and to hold their Rapiers j which feme Portugals and Mefticoes do likewife, and hold the fame opinion with the Nay- res i whereof there are many in I ndia that let their Nailes grow for the fame caufe, as a figne of a Gentleman, and one not ufed to fordid labours. In China fome of them weare Nailes of halfe a quarter and a quarter long , which they keep very cleane ; and thefe Nailes do ferve them in- ftead of Forkes to eate withall j the ufe of filver Forkes. which our Gallants fo Qq 3 much a 292 ManTransfomd : Or,' 1 eBiy hifio Ind . ing accounted a moft comely and beautiful! wea- ring; but to weare long nailes upon the power- full Mafter-finger,is a Prerogative Royall, which yet is point of State in Turfy, for the Grand Sig- Graves Defer: niour hath his T urnackgee Bafbaw, whofe office it ‘O# court. is to pare the Kings Nailes. They of Java weare long naile-s. ne Bryni/?, The Cedrojii , and Brafileans never pare their / g Nails,but fuffier them to grow as long as they live. In CufnanA it is one of the points of bravery with the principall women to weare long nailes ; De Bry A dangerous fafhion if taken up here with us. ind. In Florida ( alfo ) the women let their nailes grow long, feraping them on the Tides that they j.->cob.«fcMayiu become acute, but Specially the men ; for if they de Glenda. can apprehend any of our men, in fixing their nailes in the Fronts of them, they claw off the skin, and leave them blind and torne. I am informed by a Friend that hath been in Perfia , SS/iS 294 ManTrantfortrid: Or,’ Perfta, that obfervcd the Cuftome 5 that the perfi- Ans wcare i on g na iles, and that it is accounted with them a fign of Gentility } thefe long nailes are painted as you heard before j which nailc- rites are fo conlidcrable among them, thatour Merchants that are refident there, conforme hnto their cultonae, which my Friend obfcrved in one Mailer Hunnywood an Agent there for th eEafl India Company. * To defend the Dignity and Majefiy of Nature in the increafeof Nailes , Galen faith, bee aufe either with fcratchings , or other aFfions the ends of them weare away, Nature hath allowed thef ? parts only a power of continual/ encreafe ^although the whole body hath left off to he encreaf ?d. Not as other parts in all the dimentions of length , breadth, and profundity, but in length only-, other new nailes alwaies growing under the old , and driving forward the old. Neither was this institution vain, but in fupplement and reparation of the decay of nailes, by which device the con(lru8ion of the nails was brought up to thebigbejl pitch of Natures Providence , nhofe wil!-> verily , in commending the providence of Nature is commendable.BuiVWmusgoes abetter way to defend this not able provifion of Nature , affirming that her ine fable wif dome had no refreft in giving that power to the Nailes , to any thing imperfetf, but rather very perfeB 5 for , this argument is referred to name the natural l foule that itfhould not be loath or afhamed to defeend to conform and take care for the Body(alfof) which admonition and def cent ion doth not only elevate the forces of our Soule, but rather very much increafe them : for fhe collects this , admonifljed byfuch an ex * r ample, (for fhe is rational/,) If Imufl defeend to the The Artificiall Cbangling. tody, why fhould / not alfo afcend to higher things ? This Agitation of the mind about corf oral! parts, and the ever-growing n&iles , makes the Soule more boldly and vent rouj!y to reflefi upon it felfe , and to invefii- gate better things. Wherefore thefe parts and motions of the foule , to conferve them , may be afiimilated to fin , which fometimes becomes profitable to the tranf- grefour : So we compare thefe mongers cf time and place to fins , for they teach the utility and commodity of the naturall worke. We tremble to pronounce any thing in Nature to be befides Nature : but this necejfa . ry care about the perpetuad increment of naileswe may affirme to bring many commodities to mankind. Hun- ger is the beginning of our contemplation , which hap- pens by re afon of thedifipation of tbofe things which con fiitute our bodies, being occult, and a thing which ef capes the reach of our Senfes : who ever condemned this Hunger ? none ever • bee au ft it is the worke of fila- ture, working naturjtlly, and admonifhing us of al it ion, and the worke of the Nutrative faculty. Hunger would mt happen unleffethe parts of the Body did deer safe, the fence of which decrement when it comes upon us, is called Hungers the perpetuad increment of t her N^iles is cone [bon dent to the decrement of Hunger \ for , as Hunger admonifheth us that jometbinjr is to be ta- ken, that the difitpated fubfiance may be repaired : In like fort this increafe of the Natles puts us in mind that we mufi defratt fomewhai that theft parts may be corn- moderate to the operation of Nature, and no way h 'tn- der or difturbe her $ for, when the extravagant nailes grow too long, by that importune decrement, they hinder tht tops of the fingers if men be to ufe them upon im- ployment, jbefe Nations then that are (o unpolitick , R r may The reform- ing of the Nailes a n Q „ Me care. tnr^3 Z 96 Man Transform d: O r, may jufllj fa called mild men , of a fordid diff opti- on, from whence perchance the appellation 0/Secordes is derived 5 for they carry thofe parts miththemfelves ) which come to be re jetted with f 6 r did things andncre- ments* Thefc therefore , who are fo Salvage and far eflranged from humane life, as not to abhor the fordid toleration of their growth, which very much difflta- feth w , when by any mgktt they gaine an extravagant and claw dike aflctt, have little care orrtfrett cf their own bodies. Not but that the increment of the Nailes is very naturally and the care of tbefe ( though fmad things) is in very Nature 5 nay, the care of thefe parts is mere noble than the care of our nourifhmtnt , face the care of them appertaines tor eafon, andtothe pr attic k Intellttt', an d by how much the prattick Intedett is more noble than the nutrient SOule, fo much to a more noble order doth the care of the Nailes in conforming them to the Law of Nature appertains. And this cards fo proper to man, t hat it hath its vertues and vice , which yet is very difficult to be under flood by common wits. For as the Advancer of Learning faith , it hath parts Civil ! j and parts Effeminate 3 For y cleauntffc and the ■xtvill beauty of the body was ever efttemtd to proceed from a mode fly of behaviour and a due reverence in the firfl place towards Cod, whofe Creatures we art, then to- wards Society wherein we live , a/Atben toward*, ear [elves, whom we ought no lejfe,nay much more to revere than we do any others . Now, the Nailes are exiflent parts which alwaies (almofl) grow ; and when they in- cur futh an excefs of an increafed quantity, they do but hinder the operations of the humane Soule, and when they decline from their proper Mode of quantity, and her cafe further 3 the Z> eduftlon and Moderation of their ' Excrefctncy The ArtificiaUChangling. 297 Lxcrefcency to a juft extendure , is to the benefit of the Intellect that imployeth them j this is called Cultus : the vice of this denominated venue is Squalor, the other extreame is Delitium, nomine fi&Ojnon tio. Although this be accounted in the Roll of Venues , it is yet diflinguifhed by the calculation of Sex 3 Age 3 and perchance inflitution oflif v Now the Organs of the praBique Intellect are to reBife and regulate the excrefcent , fupercrefcentj and ever-crefcent parts 5 for 3 in all pans there is an appointed end j a certaine coinmoderation of the quantity of parts to the aBions of them 3 according to the faculties ufing the Organ in the Body, Neither are Nailes extra hominem, unlejj e in carkaff es and thof ? buried : And their con - tinuall increafe in man is an Argument of a Divine Nature , a prerogative in which beafls cannot partici - pate, and teacheth m charity to our Bodies . The neg° left of this charity proves not only an inconvenience 3 but as f me tbinke 3 long Nailes is a fen-> to avoid which Adam in the eft ate of innocency in Paradif e , bef ire Instruments of Iron were found \ perchance bit his Nailes : Yet furely in the fate of Innocency his abode in Paradif e was fo fhort , that no inconvenience could happen unto him this way-, nor any neceffity enforce him to cut his nailes 5 although he had too juft acaufe to bite his nailes afterwards. Verily it is obferved that Nature in the Nailes hath f hewed us as a haw of am- put ation 3 while ft in Children 3 when they grow long, they naturally fall off 3 untill becomming harder , they cannot be fo commodioufly feparated by Nature alone. And therefore by no worfe a Law of Nature do we cut our Nailes than our Haire 3 left they jhould grow into an odious and hooked curvity, Unnaturall (love ns Rr % there - Inereafe of nailes a pre- rogative. « f the nailes do decreaf ? and weare iy labour , and idlenejje no voay arrefls their encreafe^ac cording to the doHnneof Galen, which thefe mens fancies approve. And therfore the olfervation is notfo f ubtilef ^Mer- curialis notes ) which Cardan fyeakes of in his book de lubtilitatc, to wit 3 that hefaw one who all his life- time had no need to cut his nailes.For , the Ruflicks and mefi of your handicraft-men never pare their nailes , becaufe they weare away of their own accord in their working ; yet the end. of their perpetuaR growth is not to repaire their decay by workings finceif men ne- ver workeyet their nailes grow. The Nailes (againe ) have that order among the fimilar parts of the hand , that they are not in the number of them that performe an allion , but of thofethat arefulfervient , for they were made for the better apprehenfion 5 their feituati- on and hardnefje gives them this. And therefore the other reafon of the Nayros, Portugals, and Mefti- chos, who were them long for the better griping and holdingfaft their Rapiers , may better paffei fine e there ts fame allowance to be given to men whofe profefion may be advantaged by a more extravagant extent of the Nail?. But for women to nourifh long Nailes as a beauty , is a ft rangeS ole cifmc? and a greater breach of the Law of Nature ; cfpecially fi dantur ungues fexualcsj as feme held in the Affirmative. Nature as Galen obferves* allows ftrong Nailes only to them that have frong Teeth) becaufe firong nailes anfwer to, firong teeth^and f o upon the contrary j Plato there- fore writes , that the Nailes were made Not# gratia. T i be Artificial l Ch angling. 25^9 J™2 no for a figurative token 5 For fince man was among wild Creaturesy either becaufe he hath reafony which much conduceth to manfuetudey he ought not to have ftrong nailes , fince he hath not firong Teeth 5 much lefie hath that impotent Sex any colour of pretence to long and firong nailes , fince the nailes were never intended as weapons of ojfenfive fcratchingy either in man or woman . Alcibiades ( as the MarqueJJ 'e of Malvezzi well olferves ) contending with another Boy->makes ufeof his T eeth and Nailes , peradventure tojhame him whom he could not hurty and being not able to firike nOuld rharke him 5 his enemy taxeth him for being womanijhy to fight withfuch infiruments as were not given him by Nature for that purpcfi ? 5 He glorieth to be Lion-like, Nat les commonly fierve men and beads to cover the extremity of VeineSy SinewSy and Arteriesythat the naturally animally andvitall Jpi- rits might not evaporate that way ; they alfo f erve ma- ny beafisy in particular for ofjenftve and defenfive armes. If Nature doth not purge the humours by convenient waieiy it is either too weake , or too much opprejj ed ; if a man vents his wrath with unheft eeming weapons 3 either his rage f welling too high makes him mady or his weaknejje cafis Joim down. The jhape of the mouthy the fcituation of it , the weakenefje of \ Teeth , are all evident figns that Nature, did not place them there for his defence : And who will imagine the nailes to be mans armeSy feeing that when he will fight he hides themyand whereas other Creatures firike with an open paw 3 he only fights with a clofied fifi l But fince they weare them for a beautyy it may be they have fome fuch like conceit as Ariftophanes puts upon the PbilofopherSy who kept their nailes unparedy not for 300 Man T rans form'd : O mi feral len ejje, that: they would not part with the pa- ring of their nailes, lest with the parings of their nailesthey f could Ufeand communicate feme portion of ivifdome diffufed throughout their Limbs. So thefe conceited women feeme too loath to part with this dan- gerous piece of ajfeded beauty , left perchance they jhould lofe fofirme and precious a particle of their deli- cate fubfiance,or want too opportune a weaponftted by Art, to wreake their impotent revenge, upon any provo- cation of their Cat-like valour. Many Monftrofities and depraved conformati- ons have appeared in the Armes and Hands ; and many have been borne without Armes: Ncarc £/- Lyco^.iib.pyo-f e ii^ a jq ec \ UY i there was a Monfter borne 5 to wit, dig, Anns it i an Infant with one Head>foureEares,foure Arms? and as many Feet. , Anno Domini 138? there was an Infant borne 5 1 m 1 ao m. j iav * n g f eure Armes. and as many Legs, who li- ved untill he was baptized. Pat*us opir. Jovianus Pont anus reports, that Anno Domini /ww./.24.c.2. i52^.the feventhday of January , there wasfeen in Germany a Male Infant with foure Armes, and as many Legs. On the fame day that the Venetians and Genuerr It?™. lb ‘fi*ns entred into a League, there was borne in Ita- ly a Monfter with foure Armes and foure Feet, endowed but with one Heads which being bap- tized lived fometimes after $ Jacobus Rueffus the Helvetian Chirurgiondeclares 3 that he law the like, but who had over and above, the Genitals both of the Male and Female. ]ul .sbfeqmu Tit.Graccus , and M. Juventius Confuls, there were boys born with foureHands,and foure Feet. P.Craf Mcmftroluie* oi Armes. TbeArtificiatt Cbanglim. goi SSh Q ■ r , many armes. P. CraJJ wt and Sc That Her unfearchable in- duftry, as it with great wictineffe appeareth eve- ry where, yet more eminently in thofe bodies I S f wherein §?digid. Plin.Njr. Hip, lib.11.cap.43, Gd.l.ij.c. 24 Petr.Crin/,5, de peel is } (,£$• H ily Rhode Conuad.lib. 2, Tccb.G alcn, nim.iyj. |ac.Rueff, may be compared to him whom Lu fit anus faw at Ferara, who did eate hides, potfheards, or broken glares, and conco6t and digeft them, in fo much that all men called him the 6(lrich,a bird of a wonderfull nature, to conco# things devou- red without any difference. But mod: rcfembles that Begger- boy whom Platerus fpeakes of, living The Artificial! Cbattgling. by a miferable and horrid gaine, who for foure farthings would fuddenly fwallow many (tones, which he every where met with by chance in any place, though they were as big as a walnut,fo filling his belly? that by the collifionof them while they were preft, the found was openly heard* yet nei- ther he, nor the ftone-devouring Caftillian, which Abraham e PortaLeonis fpeaks of too,are any way vklog, dt to be compared with him for his rare faculty of Am* ' concoction. SCENE 210 Man Transform'd : O r. SceneXIX. Pap-Fajhions. Hey of Mak e in Ethiopia, have loathfome,lovcly,long Bredsj for, the young women if they be twenty, or twenty five yearcs of Age 5 they have their Breads fo long that they reach downe upon their; Wades, and this they take for a goodly thing, and they goe naked to (hew them for a bra- very. The Egyptian women have fuch great Breads, it being almod incredible what Juvenal writes of themjfuppofing it to be naturall unto them ; Quid tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus ? aut quid In Meroem crafjomajorem infante papillam ? Isfempe quod hie Hits natura non omnibus una. Purch.Ti lgr.4. The People within the Main of South- Ame- rica , called Camucujarai have Paps that reach un- AmcdcS^* ^ cr t ^ le ^ r Wade, a °d necrc cven down to their Knees, and when they run? or go fader than or- dinary, The Artificiall Changling. gii dinary, they bind them about their Wafte. it/X'kS In the King- Aloj£Cadwu dom of Senega , the women a- bout the feven- teenth yeare of their Age have their Breafts for- cibly drawn out by the mem who tyearope about them for that ve- ry purpofe, fo that they fag down to their Belly. The Azanegi magnifie very fat andgroffe wo- Munfl. cofm, men, efpecially thofe who have longer Dugs, and hb.6,cap< ye. which hang penfile from the Breaft , and there- fore the men there ufe the fame violence as the Se - negans do co their women, to ftretch them out to AkyGC***®* themeafure of their Fancy, iniomuch as when they have once borne Children they grow longer, and more ugly and filthy to behold. The women of Mexico fo love to have great Monuign. ] Dugs, that they ft rive to have their Children fuck lib,7t over their fhoulders. In the Ifland Arnobon , the Nurfes have fo long Du Pegr .Hip. Dugs, that they caft them over their fhoulders. Jnd ‘ ° THnu The Women of Guin/a^ when their Children Purch.pj/^.a? cry to fuck, they caft oUe of their Dugs backward ^.7* over their fhoulders 5 and fo the Child fucketh as it hangs, T t So Ths propers!- - wj or the Breaftn I ' Lythgough m bit Travels* Man Transform’d: O r. So alfo do the Irifh-women at this day, whole Breafts ( as one faies) were fit to be made mo- ney bags for Eaft or W eft- Indian Merchants,being more than halfe a yard long, and as well wrought as any Tanner with the likCj Charges could ever mollifiefueh leather. The Breafts the (lore houfes of mi Ike refemble A halfe Bowie, they rife the breadth of two fingers high , when, maids beginto have their Courf es, and when they are full ripe and grown marriageable 3 they f well fo that they may be covered with the hand 5 which Arifto- phanes cals ftnia, the goodly apples of the Breaft . ^nd left the heavy Breaft fhould flag down too low, becaufe a woman goes alwaies upright , they are knit and tyed by their whole Bafts or Bottom to the bonie part of the Cheft* A fault therefore it is in the women of Ire- land, and others who never tye up their Breafts : but they (in with a higher hand againft the Law of Na- ture who forcibly endeavour to breake theft e bonds by drawing them out unto a monftrow and ugly great nefs^ for by this Artifice the convenient figure and decent magnitude of the Breafts 5 which fthould concur to their naturalconftitutionaf it was, from whence their elegant beauty fthould arift e, and the Breafts become moft apt for * The Artificiall Ch angling. 3 13 for the generation of milker as having a moderate heat and excellent conformation . Let them that will extoll great Breafts like udders, becaufe they generate a great deale of milke j yet it is better to have a mediocrity thenfuch a fuperfiuity of mi Ike, which if retained is eafily corrupted in the Breafts ^ and hence great Dugs are more obnoxious to inflamations and Cancers , and being befides loofeand moift, they cannot retaine that temperate heat, nay, not only by this perverfat or defter uBion of the naturall and convenient forme and magnitude of the Breafts 1 and decent figure is this or- ganic all part rendred deformed j and extended beyond, its juft extuberancy which is accounted beautiful 7 ; but this goodly fagging Dugs, a Pap-fafhion which they fo ajfeB is to no end&nlefs to make their children more [addle- nofed, which is the ufuall inconvenience that attends them who fuck Nurf °s with over-great laxu- riant Breafts,(and which it may be is the intention cf 1 thispraBice ) and by ^reading over the whole region of the Breafts, and [wagging down fometimes low*~s there follows one inconvenience not yet reckoned for by their extravagant expatiation and bulb' bright they prove no little hinder ance to rejpiratio *• Nature ( in- deed') fometimes is a little luxuriant and extuber ant . in the Breads of fome women, a rt mar hable Hiftory , whereof Salmuthus hath of a Pa^ n f °f his, the wife SaI ^ Mt ^ mi of a noble Secretary, who befor r carriage was endowed obfsrv, , with great Breafts 3 which fOtwithfanding at the frf ! time of her impregnate- did increafe and rife to a ' greater, nay, even an’ 0 ft horrid bulke : and they at- t waies after her con e ? tion did fo encreafe,that they | were wont to hanqdown even unto her knees , at , which ftrange cafe ^ ttms yj awazed when hey Tt 2 husband StafcSib! 3 I 4 Man T r am form d : O r, husband (hexed her Breafls unto him to be cured won- dying at the mattery which other wife ufeth to he col - letted towards the Child in the womhe , making toge- ther the Belly tumid , /o quantity fhould afcend up wards , or creepe to the Breads 5 whence he oiferved, that there is not only a confent between the Veines of the Womhe and Bread , hut a conflux alfo. But although Nature , forced thereto againfl her will j prevaricates in the fhapeof the Breafls , Di- vine Providence hath gone beyond the Rules , to which fhe hath neceffarily confer ained us y it is not to give m a dijpenfat ion from them 5 they are blows of his Di- vine hand , which we ought not to imitate^ but ad- mire as extraordinary examples-) and markes of an expreff e and particular avowing of the f ever all kinds of wondersy which for a tefimony of his omnipotency he afjordetb w beyond our orders orforcesy which it is folly and impiety to go about to reprefent j and which we ought not to follow^but contemplate with admirati - otiyand rneditate with afonijhmenty being Atts of bis Perfonagc^nd not of ours. Another thing dif commend able in feme of thefe Nationsy is 5 that they take thefe loathfome lovely long Breafls to be a goodly things and that they go naked to f}jew them for a bravery • the chief e ufe of the Breads being the generation of mi Ike j that they ’may be ajJja- med who for nicity and delicacy do forfeit this princi- pall ufe of thefe excellent p^rts^ t>r ' J 'take them only Stales 3 or Bawds of Lud r as too f ' i*es amingfl w do y who by opening thefe com? 1 . * CC ops of tempta- tion 3 invite ' the eyes of eafie ^ enc , ( e n to cheapen that flejh which femes to lye expofe s -as upon an open “ r ~ Stall) r , ^i^.n r> dn &- 3*5 >““* T be Art ificiall L rs 7 couUjv ^ fome Stall ) to ke [ould : To whood wholefome morall F {/I \5 fever e Cato could pref up fhop } and tran/late Hedgehog to make the to their Breasts, their Mafques from th Maldives in the other p urc | lt . pi/ More innocent £}0 count the Brea ft s harmeleffe extreadpokenof jwhocareful- {hamefull parts nc*ke of them they account ly hide therm anddifhoneft : the Maids go it very lafcivio ,a fts begin to beare out and naked untill tl le y think it a thing needfull encreafe, and ‘g as great a fhame to fhevv to cover them>- s * _ them as their Virgins of Secota in Florida r > 6 Bry nip. The mpft * tllan ours,who for the moft ft*, alfo are more their fhoulders, fo cove- part apply theJ ne of Virgin modeiiy 5 being ring their Breal their body, naked in all the’ 4 / m in Nature why women There being 'd of them^ and not fo open- fhould have a modef.onfent between the Breafis ly expofethem } heed fo much as the only con- and V/ombe is verfifi Tuff . treftationof them ma Ji aggravation of their . Another , and^t thef ? women fhould fo love offence againfi they fir ive to have their to have great 'Solders : for 3 this is a de- C hildren fuck ovPf’- of Nature 3 as plainly ap - vice contrary to th 'the Breads, as we have peares by the fa s or Morall Anatomy gf (hewed in our V C Wl . . the Body. . is the Cuftome of i^iyn; Sutable to thi u carry not their Chil- the Turkilh. wonVt 3 dren Veryliute Breath sffe- GeJ, m Bry Hi#. I, ado Purch.Fi/gy.j iib.i. 3 Mrf» Transform'd: O m] dren in their armes as we do, but aft ride on their fhoulders ; But more conceited is the Fafhion of the Matrons of Dafamonque in Florida, who have a ftrange manner of carrying their Children, plainly diverie from ours : for we, asagefture more conformable to the hint of Nature, carry ours in our armes before our Breaft ; they taking hold of the right hand of the Child beare them on their back, embracing the Childs left-heele with their left-hand) by a way as Wonderfull and forreign as it is averfe to Nature. ‘ More commendable are the wcfmenof Ur aba, who do mightily affedt little Breaftr> s and ufe all the Art they can devife to have thefn fo. Allowable is the ufe of thofe C of me piques which are contrived by Art to reftraine the exuberancy of the over-grown Breafts, and reduce them to their natur all proportion , which in the correBive y&rt of medicine is performed by refrigerating repxrcujfive medica- ments, which drive backward the matter to the pro m fundity , and excellently advancing the natur all beat, comped it to enter into the depth of the Body, and fo meeting with the Aliment afar off prevents its pajj'age io the more fuperfciad parts, andfofonfequently pro- \ hibits the undecent augmentation of thfe Breafts. Yet the practice of fome In 'dian women, to avoid the deformity of fagging Br eafts 3 is no way allowed, who haviug Teats tha.t become loofe j and hanging, ufe therefore abortions with a cer* i taine hero, becaufe they will no^have this defor- mity, and when they fall the- ^principall women j beare them up with Bars of Go'ld. if the Breafts of women were intended only for i 7 be ArtificiaU Cbangling. 3 17 for ornament. Doe you thinke f iith Phaverinus,£/?rff Phar lrjnA»j. Nature hath given, women their [welling paps as fo^tH. many more beautiful i Warts , not for the nourifing of Children 3 but for the adorningof the Breafl ? forfo many -prodigious women endeavour to dry and dam up that mo ft f acred fount at ne of the body and feeder of mankind 5 as if it fhould defroile them of the enfigns of Beauty, ef which not the Vulgar, but the Learned complained that the greatest part of women {an anci- ent crime ) put forth their Children to be Nurfed, from whence there follows the frequent infrmities of mens Bodies^ together with afhortning of the age 3 and a diminution in their flature. The f me ( or not much differing folly ) are they guilty of, who ufe (Irange counterfeit fleights to abortiate the fruit of their Body, that the fmoothneffe of the Belly be not wrinkled and enfeebled with the weight of the bur- them and the labour of Child-birth^ a thing defer* ving all hate and deteflatiom that a man in his very originall , whiles he is framed, whiles he is enlived, fhould be put to death under the very handstand in the Shop of Nature. 1 In fcgypt the men have greater Breafts than Profy. Aipin, the biggeft of our women; for, Proper Alpinw ^demtd. writes that they .grow fo fat by their courfe of gypt,c ' 9 ’ Diet, that he nev^r faw in any Country fo many extreame fat men, :as he obferved in Grand Cairn and he reports, thiat rnoft of them are fo fat that they have Breafts f ar greater and thicker than the longed Dugs of women. But if I fhould fay that men in fome Countries hate not only great Breafts, bearitig our like unto women which give fuck, but that man^y men have given fuck unto their Man Transform'd : Or," their own Children, it would found very drange, purcb.pi/gj-.t. and fome what againft kind} yec upon credible Alex Benedift w ^ tilc ^ es a pp ea ^s to be very true. For, one Pc- lib.fcap^. 1 ter a Cbrifiian Cafar at Sofula , his wife dying after Anatom. Travcll of a Daughter, nouriihed the fame with milke from his own Bread for awholeyeare; Pitty of the motherleffe crying Infant, which his poverty could not otherwise relieve, caufed him to feek to dill it with laying it to his Bread, and then gave it fomewhat to drinke, which having I continued two or three dayes his Bread began to yield milke. Pureh ?il r z A poore Jew of Ormus nouriihed his fon with | his Bread, the Mother dying when it was young . in the Cradle. A poore man in Moura , being fixty yeares old, had as much milke as a woman-Nurfej and gave fuck to two Children. I have not wherewith to accufethefe Male Nur- ses of tampering with their Breajis : yet fince the bu- fmeffe cone ernes the reputation of Nature , ‘tit worth the f canning. Anatomifls f 'ay, that men have f care e an y Glandules, fince they ( according to Hippocrates ) were not to have any milke in their [Breads 5 yet they deny not that fuch a kind of humour like unto milke may be ingendred in therrhwhich A^idotle cals milke , Bftuhin hut unfit for nourifhment. As Bauhir.us olferved in idem ibid 1 two men whofe Breafs were repleinifhed with a more Akx.Buacus. copious juice yet a certaine learned man affirmes that Vcfa Utib.$, there have been feen feme who putting an Inf ant to FabrM. i*8. their Breads have given fuck, yefalius faith, that fefZ.’j.Tra.i. more than once he had feen ab undance of milke in men * ™hicb alfo Nicolus afirmes. J acobus F ontanus An a med.pan i~ fait hi The Artificial! Cb angling. 319 wkh faith) he knew a Butcher of a good habit of body and fat , that had Breafis abounding with rnilke. And Bauhinus cOnfefjeth, that they who have viewed the idem ibid, new worlds report , that men there generally aimo (l ' have fore of milke in their Breasts. In particular we read of f^ who ' ~ had fuch abundance of rnilke in his Breafis , as was not only fufficient to fuckle a Child, but it moreover fronted out exuberantly. Johan. Conradus Schenckius ( the Sonfknew one Laurence Wolff, who from his youth to fifty five yeares of Age, being then fo old, abounded with fuch fore of milker that in their meetings ( being drunke ) he would by way of jfiorhcompr effing his Breafis , ejaculate and fur t milk in the face of thofe that fate right over again fi him-j being known to many by the name of Wolff the milke - fiurter , being alfo defired by them often to [hew his ability herein to others, neither yet did he hereupon perceive any paine,heavineff e,or ten fi on. And V efalius affirmes , that he hath more than once vefaU.f.MS, beheld milke iff uing from the Breafis of men \ and * sorp.Hum. Nicolus affirmes as much. iraJt.Sum.i. Fontanus acknowledged, that through the good- c.^.eittdby nefje and perfect on of temperament , milke is found in the Breafis of feme men : And Alex. Buatus cited by Nic.FoBt.4rf. him conceives it to be poffdle that men may have fuch Med.pv.i. U u fore "Z«S e po Man Transform'd: O r, 0/ in their Breajls that they may fucklean Infant. Lai? b * H ier.Hugubius fates J hat he hadfeen men who had milkeintheir Breajls, which by expreft 'ion Jfrouted out , audit is well known that mi Ike (in men) is not made of menflruousbloud. Mirc,D3nat. Marcellus Donatus remembers to have feene a ta.z.deyariel. man who fent milke forth out of his Breajls in a mani- C 0 r n , g c inma, ft ft quantity , and it is well known that in Males it can Ub.i, Cofm.ctf. hardly be done out of mcnjlruous blcud. Tet the obfervation of Fabricius looks fomewhat like an analogical fttisfaclion to this point : As ( faith he ) women have their monthly Ceurfes , fo fome rnen have a redundancy of blcud , which can neither be dip cuffedby urine norfweat , nor infer, ft bit translation ; but it flows to thetejlicles, and is excerned by the paf. ftge of Trine ; hence many effeminate men in Germa- ny and Loraine have milke in their Breafts^and fttjfer purgations in an orderly viciftitude like women . sGaWf»/« far.. ^WGalen confe(feth t that feme men have glan- dules in their Brea(ls s wherefore thtje things vary ac- cording to Individuals : but that thefe Glandules are in all mtn,yctt may withiut forcing the T ext coded. For (trice he apgnes a double ufeof them, how can they fa- t life the other , and the common if they were dejhtute of Glandules t and to what end fhould that conforma- tion of the T eats be fo like , that not a few men have gi- ven pick , (us the Hiflories above-mentioned witneffe ) where if we turne away the calumny from 'Nature in the Glandules , how (hall we at length avert it in the Teats > But yet the quejlion is, whether the Breajls of men generate milke according to Nature ? "Tts true , there wants in the Breads of man that content with the wombe. The Artificial! Changling. jii-SjrJK womb^&ndthert wants that congrefscf the Mamtni Hart es dependent 5 with the Epigaflricall afcendent ; if there, fore for thefe two caufes the Breafls ingender no milks y whf are we deluded with a fajhoodof their glandule us bodies ? 7 here is prefent too the conformation of the T eat st hat milke may flow out, why fheuld not then the Argument conclude ? Hofman anflvers , that even as they are^ yet the) are not formilke , and he would not have that which happens to one man of T ho a fan ds to be attributed to all men , accounting thefe Stories of the New World to be little better than Fables j Nature when fhe would have both Sexes to be like one unto ano- ther ) fhe made Breafls in men ^ for find matter was frefent) what ufe jhould Jhe make of it unleffe this s fhe being ftudious to preferve the Analogy between man and woman. Neither are they in vaine in men } if they fulfil the ufecommonto both Sexes. Surely the Analogy between the Breafls of man and Silmuthus in woman) is fomtwbat greater than is ordinarily granted } obf.med.ctni.ij although this be fomewhat more than that which Sal- °^ 91 ’ muthus relates of a Mad fervant) who having the care of an Infant) laid him in the fame bed with her felfc ) and as wenches are fometimes prone to be want on y fhe often offers him her Breafltefuck > her Courfes flop , Jhe hath thereupon milke tn her Breafl and gives fuck. The Ancient Amazones , of whom we readfbp or ta Human: oft in learned Authors, were wont to feare off ttyfiogM*. their right Breafts, which was then the 1 Archers fafhion. Po^ta laies, the Amazons feare off their right Paps , that more nourifhtnent going into the hand next ir, might encreale the ftrength of that which was but vveake by Nature. Others fay , Uu2 that 4t/ia%ms that Issue off iheir LeftPaps.^ G/ftAd 5 Z2 Man T ransformd : O k, that \htAmazofa Parch, f'ikr.z. Prgafctca is bit relation of €ongo» much helping themfelvcs in the wars with Bows and Ar- rows, and find- ing that in this and other exer- cifes of Armes their Dugs or Breads were a very great hin- derance to them, ■ they ufed to burne off the right Pap, both of themfelvcs and their Daughters, and thereupon they were called JhnazonS) which fignifieth in the Greeke Tongue, No Breads. The chiefe of Jt tne Guard of Whk l^lilil /ll the King of Con- go are left-han- ded Amazons , who feare off their left Paps with a hot Iron, becaufe itfhould be no hinde- rance to them in their (hooting. Pigafetta in his — reports of the Kingdome of Congoy makes the like mention of j thefe T be Artificial! Cbangling. 3 2 3 ° f thefe Amazons, who ferve the Emperour Monomo- F ^nnj tapa.Grimjlon makes mention of thefe women war- Gr ; m ^ n ef rioursfcrving this Emperourj who after the man- their manners; nerof the ancient ScythifJ) or Afatic[ue Amazons 3 have their Brcafts cut off. Neare the Land of Chalde is the Land of Ama- sir job.Mand. zons-, which is inhabited by women only , Travtl ^ who convcrfe with men of neighbouring Countries whom they lend for; if they have maid Children they keep them, and if they be of noble bloud they burne the left Pap away for bearing of a Shield, and if they be of abafcr degree, they burne the right Pap away for (hoo- ting. There is alfo report, that there is a Nation of them about Guiana. And although Sir Walter Rawley in his voyage thither when he was nc-are the River of Amazons-, was very inquifi five after them yet could not find them; yet the Tranflator of the report of the Kingdom of Congo hopeth that fome good Guianean may hereafter affure us that there is fuch a Nation. For although thofe relations of Amazons, when they frfi come from the new tvorhf were ty many ac- counted a Fable , Peter Martyr ( formerly) efteemi ng it a f mi- fable*, yet afterwards inbis f event h Decade his belief e came more up to it , being height ned by the allegations of men of credit^ ante Bing that it was true. ^WEufebius Nierembergenfis witneffeth, that he Eufeb.Nier, was affured of the truth herein by a Caflique 5 or Duke of that Region. The Breafls by Nature are two^ even as the whole body alwaies is bipertite , that like good handmaids llu 3 they SnS’h= 324 ManTramfomd: O r, convenience. *^ey might [erve their Dame the Womhe, which ferns ** it werepartedinto two ; for, the Milks, the Fuchs ef Nature as X?\2Xocalstt, comes not into the Breads un- it lithe infant he throughly ptrfefted • and that if there he two Infants , yet they might both at once have where - with to fatisfe andnourifl) them. Butthefe Amazons di fear ding t he tenderneffe of their Sex, and de firing to improve themfelves Viragoes ,abnviat(N at ares pro- vifien for an unnatural 'I convenience 3 whereby the proportion oft he B reaflfor ornament of the Chef, and thecompleat reprefentation ef itislojl. This their in- 1 fetation being defir uftive to another fecondary ufeefthe Paps, to wit, of their feituation^ for , they were ordai- ned to be a kind of covering and defence for the hearty andthatthemfelves having received heat and chert fh- ment from the heart , might againe resume unto its warmth, fuch as we get by garments we buckle about tut Hence it is that thofe men who have great breafs, bearing out like awomanshat gives fuck, as aC afar in the river Quiliame which we read of had, are of a colder temperament, as Nature feemes to intimate by a more than ordinary provifonof this covering ^efpeci- ally this ufe is manifef in woman, in w horn thef \ dreafts grow oftentimes into a great maffe and weight, foot they being far colder than men, their entrails under the HJppoc.fiWf Hypocondria are w aimed by them, Another penalty GlanMii. e f xhetr crime again]} the offended Majefty of Nature they mujl needs incur, utsle (ft with their Breafts they put off the very Nature of woman, ft nee another ufe of the Faps,accordtngto Hippocrates, was, torecetve exert- mentitiousmoifure: For if (faith Hippocrates,) any difeafe, or other event , takeaway a womans Paps, her voice becomes fhril/er , fbeproves a great (fitter, and » T ht Artificiall Ch angling. 3 1 5 much troubled with the pains in her head. The Inhabi- tants of Malba- da-> the men have one of theirPaps peircedfrom the one fide unto the other , and there are fome that have them bothpierced,and in the hole which they make they 'carry a Cane acrone, of the , length of two fpans and an halfe,and two fingers thick ; and and this is a lingular piece of Gallantry with them. Before this Scene goes off, I ought to take no- tice of aprophane Cavill of Momm again!! the Fabrique of the Brea!! of man, who found fault that Nature had not made a Window in the Brea!! of man that one might have feen the mo- tions of his hearts and difcovered the affedfrons | of his mind: And among!! other things which King Don Alonfo would ( who was Surnamcd the Wife ) indifcreetly reforme in Nature, this was one among the reft, that he did blame her that fhe had not made a Window in mans Brea!!, that he might lee that which he was plot- ting in his heart, and whether his manner of pro- ceeding were faire and fincere, or whether his words Men that pierce their Pap*. Purch.P^gyT^T lib. 7. ManTrantform'd: Or, words were feigned, or whether (like Janus ) he ^ had two faces under one hood > Alas I the defired Window in the Breaji would have been of little or no ufe> ft nee it fiands not with the convenient y of mo si Nations to go with an open and bare Breafl : and fay that the Breafis were generally expofedto the Eye j Are not the Eyes twoCafements that looke down into the Heart ? And hath not the Countenance afuffeient declaration of the AffeRion ? The Eyes being two fever all Indexes of the fame : Na- ture in recompence 3 and analogically to anf wer the cu- riofity of thefemens Phantfies 3 hath eflablijhed & cer- taine Art of Phyfiognomy whereby a man may attaine unto afuffeient intelligence of the thoughts and affecti- ons of others . SCENE Scene XX. ’Dangerous Fajhions, and defyerate AJfe&ations about the Bread add ' Wajie. as it appeares by G dens obfervation, had a great affedation of old in- ftreight fwathing of their Children. . The walls ( faith hej of the Breafts, are for the moft parr, depraved by Nur- fes, while they from the firft education do over- ftridly bind them about with fwathing bands : efpeicially ( faith he) is this daily done among us to Virgins, for while their Nurfes arecarefull to encreafe their Hips and fides, that they may exceed the Breaft in magnitude, they roll them all over with certaine bands, and more vehemently reftraine and comprelfe all the parts of th eScapula and Thorax-, whence it comes to paffe fometimes, that when all the parts are not equally compref* led, the Breaft is made to bunch out forward 5 or elfe the hinder parts that belong to the Back-bone Xx are Whit®lfehief by fwathing of Infants. tr'jrs Swathing a ctufeof croop Ssednefie. tmj md.tib.de morb.puer* p8 Man Transform'd: O r> are made Gibbous, fo that they become crook- backt. Another inconvenience alfo follows, that the Back becomes as it were quite broken, and brought to one fide, infomuch ( indeed) as one of the Scapulas is not increafed? but appeares fmall and comprclfed. We have the judgement of Fra- bicirn Hildanu.^ and Sennertm. both learned men, touching this matter. In certaine Regions ( faith Hildanut ) and Families} it is a cuftome by invol- ving their little Infants as foone as they are bom (for what caufe they know not ) to pen them up In too Ilreightfwa thing Bands. whence it often happens that their bodies and limbs protuber ate with crooked bunches , and other deformi- ties of the Knees , Legs-) and other parts ; but alfo by reafon of the more fir id, involution it happens ( which no man need to doubt of ) that their bones being yet tender , fofhandcartilaginiopu , are eafily wrefied and drawn out of their natural! fcituation, which after- wards by degrees harden into an excref cence^which he had olfervedin many . Hereupon becomming crook- backt and lame , the natural! proportion of the body is depraved , and the body made incommenf urate for > whereas a meafure taken from the Crown of mans head to the [ole of his foot fhould anfwer to the di fiance between the middle fnger of his right hand to the middle finger of his left hand when the Armes are (l retched out to the full length ; this proportion can- not be obferved in crook-backt men, and hence they are juftly accounted unproportioned. The providence that is to be ufed in the fwathing of Infants is a thing of high concernment , and there- fore there cannot be too much faid thereof . Take there- 7 fore The Artificial Cbangling. fere what Mercatus hath of this matter This , faith he, ought abates to be the care of T^urfes , // as ; when J^ c itdfiK they fwathe their Children, they endeavour to touch and fant-EducaUi handle every fart of their body gently, and carefully to divide that lightly which is to be divid' d, and to ex- tend that which is to be extended , and depreffe that which is to be deprejfed and to fajhion every part ac- cording to the innate and more comly proportion of each part , yet they mu ft do it with a tender comprefiien f and with the very ends of their fingers too. But fwath- bands being provided for that purpofe , for the right or- dering of the ftrufture of the body ; if there be need. \ they mufl gently and foftly revoake and nth if e the members , ( but if they be formed according to Nature , they ought in no wife inconfiderately to touch them, be - caufe oftentimes they fad into worfe condition through the carelefaeffe of tbofe that handle them ; ) and for that caufe they tnuft not only be very carefuU to fwathe their Children , but alfo in laying of them down when they are fwathea ', left feme part fhould chance to remain awry, or ill figured . T hey mu ft alfo gently fqueefethe bladder, that they may the more eafily make water . Moreover the hands and armes are to be extended to the knees . 7 hey mu ft lightly bring the feet on both fides backward tothe back, and before to the bead, that they may learne to kend every part which ought to be bent ; yet the y ought not to rematne felled upon the belly, left tbeyprejudicetheEntrallsi neither againe ought they to hold them with their face downwards untill they are fwathed all over § For it is better , fir ft to compofe the fwathbands, that being laid they may receive the In- fant upon hit back ; yet they muft obfervethis caution, left in fwathing them , a leg or an arme, the backe or the Xx 2 neck ©urCwftoine oflwathing children con- demned. f 13 o Man T ransformd : Ok, neck be by Any meanes diftorted ; they ought to cleant the Hfpfe, and to wipe the eyes wit ha gentle linnen cloath, andthus after they have fuckt fuff dent ly, to lulltbtm afcep by very gentle motions of the Cradle , for byvio • lent rockings the Epilepfie arifeth : And it id better from tbethirdmonth,that they fhould be carried, and in the Nurfes armes lull'd afeep ; alfo you muff take heed that you bind them not too flrittly, for that often, times tsthe caufeof gibbofty and creokedneffe, neither therefore ought they to be too ioof, becaufe their mem- bers are wont to lofe the natural! fgure,and acquire that which in the relaxed fp ace can be acquired. Moreover we ought net to permit them forthwith, nor in the Sum* mer time to have their armes at liberty before the face of three months , and in the Winter not before f bare 5 yet the right hand mu ft for feme few daies be frf taken out, that thereby they may become right-handed j indeed their hands are weakned, and their fingers forthemojl part arc depraved with crookednejfe. t^dlfo after nine months you may f ttjfer them to put on fhoees, about which time they will be able to trample on the ground, &ndto holdthemfelves upright, and that they may do twice or thrice in a day, and afterwards compcll them ly little and little, andby degreesto go by ftps, fo that by that labour you do not very much enforce them, but gently , untill they attaining more ftrength deftrt it of themftlves,and may without bar me endure it. We in England are noted to haveamoftper. vorfecuftome of fwathing Children, andftreight- ning their Breafts. Which narrowveffe of Breafl, occafionedby hardand fried fwadhng them, is the caufe of many inconveni- ences and dangerous confcquences , For , all the bones of T be Artifidall Ch angling. 331 neve-home Infants, eflecially the Ribs of the Breafl, are very tender and flexible , that you may draw them to what figure you pleafe 3 which when they are too ftriBly fwathed with Bands, reduce the Brea ft to fo narrow afcantling as is apt to endanger , not only the health 5 hut the life of Children. For hence it is, that the great eft part of m are fo fuhjett to a Confumption, and diflillations, which fhorten our dales , and bring w to an untimely Grave : For they who have more freight and narrow Breafls, are necejfarily made op- portune to (pitting of bloud , distillations and the in- flamations of the parts of the Breafl, fince the Lungs in fuch grow very hot •, for when the reft of the body retaines its proportion and due magnitude , and the Bread is made narrower , more lloud is coUetted about the Bread than it can digefl orexpell fromit felfe, whence neaflirg in thofe cavities ( ejpecially of the Ay- tenous veines,or veine- Arterie,) degenerates into the caufesof many difeafes. Moreover, the Breafl it felfe corrected is very much weakned, whereupon the bloud flowingthither hotter, or (flicking there) becoming fharpe, doth eafily erode the vefjels, neither is Nature now able to defend her felfe any longer. The Breafl hath an Ovall figure , in its naturall magnitude, it doth make eight GeometricaU inches,to wit, that which begins at the throat-bone, and is terminated in the f word- like cartilage •, the Back from the fir (l Vertebra of the Breafl to the end of the twelfth, or reaching to the beginning of the frfl of the Loines, obtaines a Geometricali foot and one inch : So that the Breafl is (horter than the Back by five Inches, the fides run out from the Clavicula to the end of the Breafl, where the Baflard-Ribs end, and have nine inches and a halfe ; X x 3 the The naturall proportion of the Breafts. Swathing a eau(e of the Rickets. 3 3 2 Man Trans form d : O k] the Perepheria of the By e aft is two Geometric all foot and two Inches. If you render your breadth it is nar- rowed an Inch 5 if you take it in j it is dilated two Inches , this is the natural! proportion. Now when ei- ther by Nature , or this foolifh violence of Art , the Breaft by comprejjing is made narrower and unpropor- tioned , the ScapuU uf ually appeare prominent^and they become fuch as Hipocrates calls Alatos>and by that fi- gure obnoxious to a Phtyfique, the back-bone not only being hurt , and they made gibbous , but the Lungs thereupon cannot preferve their figure : the heft pre- fcription therefore for fuch who are become this way proclive to a Phtyfique, is to ufefuch exercifes as gently dilate and extend the B reafi , as (hooting, vocif ? ration , commotion of the Armes , and attraction and compref- fing of much breath , which yet muff be done with caution and without violence . Among f uch, and other the like inconveniences 5 occafioned by this unhappy cuflomefit is very remarkable, that the Rickets, a difeafe frequent with us, butfcarce known where they uf e not tof wath their Children, is occafionedus I am perf war ded, (and fome good Phyfitians are of the fame opini- on ) only by this perverfe cufiome of f wathing, it be- ing an olfervation amongfome Ladies that I have dif- courfed with , that no Children that are kept with a Belly-bands only, and not f wathedflreight upward 3 are troubled with the Rickets ; A notion worth the taking notice of by thofe who would not have their Children growfick of the Fafhions. And although DoBor Glif- (on, and the other DoBors his Aflifiants in that lear- ned TraB,which to their great honour they have lately publifhed of this new chfeafe, commonly called the Rickets , or more properly the Rackets j where they ffeake The ArtificiaR Cbangling. 535 ft who f the caufes of the Curvity of the hones, tbey cn £ rjrsj, 0 ' do not wholly affent to their opinions who afcribe it t° the flexibility of Bones , inveighing againft Nurfe s which prematurely commit Infants and Children t° their fleets thinking that their bones are bent by the weight of the f u ft aimed body , nor to others likewif ? ac- cufing the unskilfull way of fwathing praftifed by Nurfes : yet they partly grant, that in fo tender an age the bones may perchance be fomewhat bent, yet they would not remaine bent as Lead or tVax, but left to their liberty they would at length returne to the pro - per pofitionof the parts 5 for they do not conflft of a Duftile matter 5 info much as they would be broken in the bending, or would certainly endeavour to reco- ver the former fite of parts, Andos to the unski If ulneffe and carelefnefje of Nurfes , they do not wholly excufe them 3 yet they thinke they cannot juflly impute this Curvity unto therm $ flnce they fee that the Children of poore ‘men are handled with lejje care , andfooner com- mitted to their feet than Gentlemens Children are,and yet their children are more rarely infefied with this infirmity than theirs $ and they have known Nurfes 3 who having ufed the utter mo ft diligence both in f wa- lking, and other waies of handling Infants , that they have given fuck unto, yet they could not prevent or avoid this Curvity of the bones. But where they come to fie ake oftbeCdufeSy why yin trad of time , the Spine or Rack-bone cannot fe raifed up according to a firaight andnaturall linefloere verilyffay they ) we can- not at all excufe the negligence and carelefnefje of nurfeSythat they do not attentively enough obferveunto which part rather, Infants whom they [uckle,are prone to enc line their body, to , th£*ndvkey~way diligently and “2 334 ManTransformd-.Oi; , and carefully endeavour to direB it to the oppofite part, Like wife alfo , when Nurfes prematurely and without regard commit weaker Inf ants to their feet , it may fall out , that fince the Tonique motion of the Mufcles if not f efficient for fuflentation of the Body, they mayfujjer the Knee or Leg of the Child to he ben- ded into one fide 3 whereupon the Ligaments of the joint are extended either on the inner or outward fide and by conference the Ligaments of the adverf e fides are contracted} whereby the Joint mu(l necefj an ly be bended either outward or inward. Therefore although they had above denied the Curvity of the Bones to de- pend upon thif} yet they grant that the distortion of Joints in weake Jnfants may happen through fuch a carelefneff e of Nurfes 3 granting moreover , that by their constant and foolifh Fafciation , the bones , which otherwife were freight , may be incurvated 5 although they do not efeeme it to be the constant and ordinary caufe of this organic all infirmity. Piut.ltf the Life The Spartan Nurfes ufed a certaine and better of Licurgus. manner to bring up their Children without fwadling or binding them up in cloaths and Grlmfion of fwathing-bands , fo as they made them nimbler tbew manners. 0 f t heir Limbs, better ihaped, and goodlier of body : And this was the reafon why many {Gran- gers fought to have Nurfes from Sparta , to nurfe and bring up their Children. Purcbspiigr,%. In Ci# Man Transform'd: O ro ^rJ\j S 'and never Iofe tooth, mocking at our delight?} with the which we wrong our lives and na- ture. Spigcl-ius. The Venetians therefore have an excellent Cuftome, to involve rather than fwathe their In- fants in a light fwath-band, defiring to have ra- ther a broad than a narrow Bread} a full than a flendcr. Fond opinion ( indeed ) hath obtained this nith us , that Children-) unleffe they were diligently imolied and constrained in fwathing-bands , they would have distorted Legs : which the Barbarians take lea(t care of : j who put their Infants new borne naked and un- fwathed into their Hamacchos , whefe Children not - withstanding of all Mortals go rno(t freight. ’Tis confefjed, the temperature of the aire doth very much availeto that pur pofe , and therefore we may allow our Children in winter-time to be diligently involved and bound up with fwath- bands in their Cradles^ becaufe otherwife they are unfit to endure the Cold of our Cli- mate : but in Summer and temperate feafonsof the yeare ( effect ally when there is nofrofy weather , with others good leavefaith a learned Phyfitian ) I fhould think e (as much as I can attaine by experience ) that Infants are to be freed from thefe bands and fet at li- berty 3 fome kind of Couch invented for that purpofe> out of which they cannot fall *, and verily ( faith he ) I am of that mind, that the extraordinary heat doth not a little incommodate , wherewith Children in the time of Summer revinB with f wath-bands are as it were ffewd. Tet it is not to be omitted what our Phyfitians ob- ferve in their late learned Trail of the Rickets 5 That the The Artifichtt Changing. 337 33 gS£$ the too early leaving oj} thofe fwath- bands and kets, wherein Inf ants are difcreetly involved, is con- ceived to he one caufe why Infants , when they are new home , are very feldome troubled with the Ric- kets ) for , Midwives and Nurfes order new- home Infants with fuch Art, that their condition may as neare as can he approach unto that which they lately had in the tVombe. For they on every fide involve the whole body, except the head, in one continued inclo - fare 3 whence the outward parts of the body, and the firft ajfetfed in this difeafe are defended again f the injuries of the external! cold) and the h,ot exhalati- ons breaking oat from any part of the Body, by that fwadling- clout perchance douhledor trebled, and rolled about with f mth-bands , are evenly retained, and e- qually communicated to all parts of the Body, that they may he cherifhed as it were in a common ftove with an e quail heat. Therefore fmce the chief ? part of the ef - fence of this difeafe con fifls in an equal l cold di(lem- per , no marvell if thefe muniments of the body do avert it, at lea(l for a time:But when after feme months , if not f loner , the hands of Infants arefreedfrom that common covering, as the Cuftome is, and perchance before they are fix months old , their feet alfo in the day time , although they are againe fwathed at night , all the day at lea their outward members are defiitute of this common nourifher of naturall heat : Our Nur- fes alf 0, {as they judicioufly note ) often erre while they too foone coat feebler Infants 3 for they unhappily de- fine the time of Coating Children by number of months, whereas they ought rather to make their account out of the activity and ftrength of motion in their feet and hands: for when the motion and exercife of thofe Ty 2 parts / of oSS ay ??8 Mart T ransfornid : O r, ^L'l i ^ parts may more confer to tacite and cherijh their beat 3 and irritate their pttlfesjhan the nourijhment of fwath- bands 3 without doubt then is the mature time for Children to be freed from their primitive inrollmms 3 having then no other necdof this propttlfive caufe. The manner of ordering Infants among the Teruviansjs worth the taking notice ofjfor there, the Children both of the Nobles and Plebeian?, are firft wafhed in cold water, and in like man- ner every day before they fwache them, neither do they untill the third month let them have their Armes at liberty, fuppofing. that conduceth to their ftrength ; they lay them in woodden Cra- dles upon nets inftead of Beds? they never take them into their Armes or their Laps , no noc when they give them fuck? bur (looping down reach the Dug unto them? & that only thrice eve- ry day. And that which may lhame our Ladies of Europe ,the mothers thcmlelves, although they were Queens, nurfe their Children?unldfe they are hin- dered by a Difeafe,or fome other Sontick Caufe, and then for the moft part they abftaine from the. company of their husbands, left they ihould be conftraincd to wearte their Children before the time? for they who upon fuch a Caufe are wea- ned before their time, by a propudious name they called Ayufca , as much as to fay Baftard. Mai fiovi Another fooiifh affe&ation there is in young trlSidem! Virgins, though grown big enough tobewifer, but that they are L led blindfold by Cuftome to a fafhion pernicious beyond imagination 5 who thinking a flender waftc a great beauty? ftrivcall that they poflibly can by ftreight-lacing them- ' " felves T be Artifidall Cbangling. &g*EEt felves toattaine unto a wand- like fmalnelfe of wafte , never thinking them- felves fine e- nough untill they can fpan their Wafte. By which dead- ly Artifice they re- duce their Breafis into fuck (Ir eights y that they foone pur chafe a jlinking breath ; and while they ignorant- ly afifefi an angufi or narrow Breafi } and to that end by flrong computfion fhut up their Waps in a Whale- bone prifonyor little-eafe', they open a doereto Confumpti- orss^and a wit hiring rottennefe ; Hence fttch arejttflly derided by Terence? Haud fimilis virga, eft virginum noftrarum, quas Tcrense fo matres ftudent : Demiifis humeris effe, vindto E wnebQ. peftore ut graciles fient. f — Si qua eft habitior paulo, pugilena efte aiunt, , deducunt cibum 3 Tametfi bona eft natura 5 reddunt curvatura jun- ceas. So that it feemes this foolijh fafhion was in requefi in the time that Terence lived. H oechfletterm in his defeription of Aujpurgey the Metropolis of Swevia obferves, this foolifh Y y i Cuftome affe&ed. 340 Man Transform'd: O tC, ”hInrv?? S cu ^ omc * s ac c ^ s day entertained generally a- C/OAD mon g j-he virgins there. They are, faith he, ( de- fer ibing the Virgins of Auffurge ) (lender, ftreight- laced, with demiffe (houlders, left being groffe and well made, they fhould be thought to have too athletique bodies. Which among other Caufes may contribute much mifehiefe to that Epidemical l Difeafe , the whites and white Feavour, with which they are fo frequently an. myedin thefe times , whereof the ancient women boaf they never beard of, Parseus whert he propounds Injlruments for the mending fuch deformities , objerves, that the Bodies of, young Maids or dries ( by reafon they are more moilf and tender than the bodies of Boyes,) are made crooked inprocejfeof time : Effect ally by the wrenching a fide, and crookedneffe of the back bone-, the moft frequent caufe whereof istheunhandfome and undecent fcituali- on of their Bodies when they are young and tender , ti - t her in carrying , fitting , or flan ding (and e (feci ally when they are taught to go too feone ) fainting , fewing , writing , or in doing any fuch like thing. Inthemeanc while be omits not the occafon of crookedneffe , that happens feldome to the Country people, but is much in - cldent to the Inhabitants of great Townes and Cities, which is by reafon of the Jlraltneffe and narrowneffe of the garments that arewotne by them ; which is occa - ft one d by the foHy of Mothers , who while they covet to have their young Daughters bodies fo fmall in the mid- dle as may be pofible , pluck and draw their bones awry. And make, them crooked, Tor , the Ligaments of the Back-bone being very tender foft andmoijLat that age, cannot flay it Jiraite, and firongly , but being pliant eafly The Artificial 7 Changing. 341 ^^ eafily permits the Spondels to ftp atvry inwards, oat - wards, or fi dewife, as they are t hr aft or forced. And in another place, (peaking of d; floe aliens ,or luxations, and the caufes of Bunch- backs, and [addle- backs, and crooked nefs, he faith, that fluid and foft bodies fuch as childrens, ufually are very fubjedl to generate the internattcaufe of thefe mifebiefes, Defluxions : But if externa.il ecca - {ions [ball concur with thefe internal! caufes , the Vcrte • hr a will fesntrbe diflocated. Thus Tfurfes whilfl they too freight ly lace the Breafls and (ides of Girles, fo to make them {lender, caufe the Breafl-bone to cafl it felfe forwards or backwards , or elfe the one {boulder to be bigger or f utter, the other more (pare and leane : tAnd if this happen in lnfanc),the Ribs grow little or nothing in Breadth , but run outwards before , therefore the Chef lofethits naturall Latitude , and funds out with ajbarpo point , hence they become Aflmatick, the Lungs and Mufdes which ferve for breathing being prefled toge- ther and freighted ; and that they may the eafier breathe, they are forced to hold up their heads, whence al- fo theyfeemeto have great T hr eats, and their bodies uft not to grow at the Spine, and the parts belonging to the Breafi and Back become more fender neither is it any wonder, for , feeing the V lines. Arteries , and Nerves are not in their places, the firsts do neither freely , nor the alimentary juyees plenteoufly flow by thefe freight . nedpaffages, whence leanneffe mufl needs erifue. The the fame errour is committed if they lay Children more frequently along upon their fldes than upon their backs, or if taking them up when they wake, they take them only by the feet or legs, and never put their other hand under their backs, never fo rnacb as thinking that Children grow mofl towards the Heads, And I would to God Children un- borne how dif- figured, 4/XV5 Spigelius* 2^-t ManTransformd : Or, the vanity and indifcreetnes of Mothers in their Infiu tution,andprecife exercife of their Laws and Cuflemes in this matter ,did only take effeft when they endeavour it onfet purpofe after the Birth of their Children , and that their inconfideration and imprudency did not un- wittingly many times deprave their Children , even whilefl they embrace them in the wombe . Net to men- tion thoje imprefions of deformity which depend upon Imagination, frights, fals, or blows, and evill Diet, from whence much mifchiefe many times proceeds to the disfiguring of the Childyet unborne. To the cattfes of mans transformation are jufily referred the undecent Sefiion , or the ill collocation of the mother in fitting, or lying, or any ether poflure of her body during the time fhegoes with child : For hereupon, not only the body of the mother , but of the Child inclofed in the wombe , is pervertedand distorted. Wherefore they who ad the time of their going with Child either fit idle at home, or with their legs acrojfe, or with bodies bowedtowards their knees , few, or fpin, or employ themfelves in fome ether aft ion, or more fir eight ly conflringe their Bellies with long bellied, and firaight-laeed Garments, Busks, Rollers, or Breeches, bring forth Children awry, or fiffnecked, bowed, crooked, crump- fhouldt red,difiorted in their hands, feet, and ad their Limbs, becaufetbe Child can neither move freely, nor commodioufly extend his members. What fiseuld they do with others ? If they had better they would jpoile them. More cautious and better advifed are the Ve- netian Dames, who never lace themfelves, ac- counting it an excellency in beauty to be round and full bodied ; to attaine which comely ful- neife they ufeall the Artpoflible 5 and if they be not The Artificiall Cbangling. 343 Round and full B«dic* Purch .Pifcr’X lib . $< not corpulent by Nature, nor can be really * brought to it by — Arti will yet counterfeit fuch a Habit of body by the bumba- fticall diflfimula- tion of their Garments. The Egyptian Moorifh wb- men difcreetly affe^ the fame liberty of Na- ture, who fpread their Armcs under their Robes, to make them fhew more corpulent, for they thinkeitafpeci- all excellency to be fat, and moft of them are fo in frequenting the Baines for certaine daies toge- ther ufing fuch frictions and Diet as daily ufe com firmeth for effe&uall. And indeed^ as my Lord Bacon noteth^ FriBions Lord Bums make the parts morefiejhy and full : as we fee both in cen,, 9* men^and in the currying of Horfes^c. the caufe is^ for that they draw greater quantity of jpirits and bloud to the parts : And againe, becaufe they draw the Aliment more forcibly from within : And againe , becaufe they relax the Forest and fo make better paf- f age for the fpirits , bloud^and aliment : Laftly>becaufe they diffipate and digeH an inutile or excrementitiom moifture which lyeth in the fiefh : all which , helpajfi- mulation . FriBions alfo do more fill and impinguate the Body than exercife. The caufe #, for that in Z z FriBions K"alf}44 Afrf» Transform d: O r? 9r trt^3 lnwar d parts are At reft} which in exey~ cife are beaten many times too much 5 and for the fame reafon Galley-flaves are fat and ftefryi becauft they ftir the Limbs more and the inward parts lejfe t SCENE The ArtificiaU Changling. 345 Scene XXI. Strangs incentive Contradictions againft Nature, practically maintai- ned by divers Nations in the or de- ring of their Privy 'parts. Fter our Historic all peregrinati- on^ to discover the ufe and ahufeof Parts 5 being arrived at this place-, in the Tratt of a practical! Metamorphofis ? / could not fee how I fhould an- swer it to Nature 3 if I had (i - lently pajjedbythe abufes that have been put upon her in thefe parts 5 for had I gi- ven way to fuch an unfeaf mable modefty , my defigne had proved lame , and a great part of my end and aime fruflratedy it being to make a thorough difcovery , not only of' the pragmaticall vanity of mam but of the raging malice of the enemy of mankind , who labours to def orme and deftrcy the worke of Nature 3 while af- ter moft wonderful! and grange waies he exercifeth prophane and wicked men by the law of his Tyranny, Z z 2 to 346 Man Transform d : O r, t0 ^ at ^° e ^ Aved ^em, n ho in the jir(i place hath laid fnares for the parts of Generation , there be- ing no other part befo deadly hates* not only endea- vouring (as Pcucerus rightly notes ) to encreafe the penalty inflicted by God upon Nature j but to hin-r der the propagation of the remaining impreffion of the Image of the Archetype in man * and debar his re- stitution* which is one reafon that is given by the Bm^mJ'sbJeA learned Bauhinus of the caufe of mans fo frequent Etmopb, transformation. /, but fome may fay* this might have been an olftacle 3 to reveale the veileof Nature , to pro- phane her mysteries for a little curious skill pride* to enfnare mens minds by fenfuall expreflions Jeemeth a thing lyable to heavy confruBions. But what is this (as one faith, apollogy zing for himfelfe in fuch a bufi- nefj e )but to arraigne Venue at the bar of Vice ? Hath the Holy Scripture itfelfe 5 the tvif dome of God* as well in the old Law particularly , as alfo in many paffages of the New* balked this Argument ? God that created thefe parts, did he not intend their prefervation in the (t ate of Nature* and can they bepreferved fo*if we know not their naturall perfection ? Or if the inju- rious inventions of man have practically depraved thefe parts, can Nature be vindicated , or her bonefty afjerted without knowledge and difcovery of the Abu- ses that have been 3 and are committed in thefe parts ? Examples there are of this Concejfion) not only in La- tine) but in all mother Tongues . And the mo A of my Hi (lories are in Englifh already) as appeares by the grave Authours quoted* and this hath had an allow- ance in aH Ages and Common-wealths* and the opini- on of grave and reverend Divines, is , that fuch dif- Mftrfes upon fit occaflons are not to be intermitted. Indeed, The Artificial 'l Changing. 347 Indeed , it were to be wished that all men would come to the knowledge of thefe fecrets with pure eyes and earesj fuchas they were matched within their Creati- on. But fhall we therefore forfeit our knowledge be- cauf ? f 'me men cannot containe their lewd and in- ordinate affection ? Our intention is fr ft and prin- cipally to discover the abufes of the parts ; Seconda- rily , to teach thof ? who are fober minded the natural 7 ufe honefly and perfection of parts , as well to give glory to him who hath fo wonderfully created them} as alfo to explode and dete(i the mifcbieves } prodigious vanity,to which among^and above the red, thefe parts have been notcrioufly fubjelted. As much as was pof- fible we have endeavoured (not frustrating our lawfuli f cope ) by hone ft words and circumlocutions to render the Argument more favourable to the eares of thofe who are wife indeed} and not to dif content any, un - lejj e the Negative ignorance of f uch , who precif ?ty thinke there is no other principle of good nefje} than not to know evill. The Inhabitants of AVa in the tvefi- Indies , Purch.pi(gr. ? . weare in their Yards betwixt the skin and flefh , llbA ’ Belsof Gold, Silver, or Braffe, of the bignelfeof Nuts j which they put in when they are of ag& to ufe women 3 and in fhort time cure the place • and the men much pleafe themfelves t® heare the found of them as they go, thefe Venus- Moirris- Dancers frisking often to the tune of their own Codpiece-muiique. In Pegu, Langiamnes , Siam, and the Bramas men Purch.pj/^r.?.' weare Bunches, or little round Bals in their privy Mao. members, fome of them weare two, and fome three, for they cut the skin and fo put them in, • X z 3 one - Sj““mbn 34.8 ManTrans form'd: OrJ one into one fide, and another in- to the other fide 3 which they do when they are twenty five or thir- ty yeares old? and ao their plea- fure they take one or more of thefeyardballsoutas they thinke good. When they marry? the Husband is, for every Child which his wife hath, to put in one untill tney come to three, and then no more? for they fay the women do defire them. Mtgia.oeofgr. One Geographer gives in evidence again ft the ind.oritnt, Peguans^ that they are very much given to luxurie, and that they in favour of tlje women weare gold or filver bells, hanging at their virile mem- bers, to the end that they make a found as they walk through the City. Gnmfton of Another faith, the Peguans are wonderfully gi- tbeir manners. ven tQ t ^ e i ove Q f wome n, and for their fakes they weare little bells of Gold and Silver hanging at their members, to the end they may make a noife when as they go in the ftreets. Herberts Tra- F or Siam another Authour reports, that to de- veis,Hb‘3' ter thefe Catamites , a late Queenc Refirix com- manded that all Male Children fhould have a bell of Gold fin it an Adders Tongue dried) put through the prepuce, which in thort time not only became not contemptible, but inway of ornament, and for Mufique, few are now without three or foure ; fo that when they have a mind to marry, he hath his choice of what maid he likes? but beds her not untill the Midwife prefents a fleepy Opiate potion, during the operation whereof, the Bell is looled from the flelh and fafiened to the Foreskin, The Artificial! Cbangling. Foreskin, which hinders not, but titilates $ the ba ^/n£\j Unguent is applied and the cure is perfe&ed. / beleeve the report of thefe Bells of Siam mil ring like a loud lye, and the yard, Tennis- Balls, keep a vile r&cketin mens imaginations, and ereReafon bath plaid out the GarHe, will be {truck into the hazzard of incre- dulity ; yet beyond expiation T have met with a kind of ocular afjurancein this bufinejje ■> which I owe to the cOurteJie of an ingenious Phyfitian , nho knowing my Defigne, freely offered tocenfribute to the curiofity thereof 5 (I would ail knowing men were of his intelle- ftttall Conjlitutiony and had the right gallant temper of a Platonique Spirit, to communicate and advance Notiall Idea’s. )This noble Dollar ( I fay ) procured me one of thefe Balls which a friend of his brought from Pegu 5 when he delivered it unto me we both won- dred at the unexpected fize and weight thereof for it was a little bigger than a musket bullet, being about an Inch in Diameter 5 the met all is of fuch a temper which we know riot 5 it is two parts Gold and one BraJJ e,ptrf eBly round,and yielding a very fi weet f ound, far beyond any of our hand Symbols , which this fome- what refembles $ and the biffing melody thereof makes rne to tbinke that it is an Adders dried Tongue that is Within it-> according as Hiffbriahi report : but the containing Concave being clofe and not open , as bur little Belsy our curiofity would have foiled tkeinfiru- fnent with a forced inflection $ the Gentleman that brought it over, inf ormes us that they ufe there to put three or foure of them in between the Gians and the prdputium, arid they remaine fajl there without flip- ping out j who can (uffciently admire that any mem - berfhould off date clogged with fuch weight for that A nftraint of Sodomy. Herberts Tra- vels,- 3^® ManTrmformd'. Or , 1 they fhould find fable roome for it , and yet Travellers have difeovered the waies of an artificial! Capacity. Surely the men exceed , not only us, but them 0/ Ginne in the Urgeneffe of this Organ , or elfe they mufb needs fufj'er much by fuch a dolorous extenfion of the pr£puce->as this fond fafhion will necefj'arilyoecafion. whether^Owhether^and to what prodigious extremities doth the abufedphantafie of manfometimes drive him} Among all the Inventions that he ere found out 3 this would appear e rrofl mad and filthy if it had been meer- ly for Ornament 3 Mufiques or Delight 5 but myzeale for the hone fly of Nature is fomewhat tempered with patience , when I find that the original 1 of this contri- vance was , becaufethey fhould not abufe the A/ale Sex , for fin times pa ft all the Country was fo given to that viUany , that they were fear ce of people ; And theref ore a Queen ReUrix impofed the wearing ofthofe Balls upon them in way of reftraint. But as for the other part of their Queens ordi. nance, it no way Bands with the honefty of Na- ture; who the better to allure men from Sodomy, ordained that the women fhould weare but three Cubits of cloath in their Smocks, which they weare with three braces 3 which is therefore io ftreighc that they cannot go but they muft fhew their fecrets as ’twerc aloft, and in their going they feigne to hide it with their hand 5 but cannot, by reafon of the ftraightneffe of the cloath ; for • they are fo covered ( as another obferves, ) that (a bafe device ! ) *t-is made to open as they go, fo as any impure aire gives all to mens immodeft eyes aenudating thofe parts which every modeft eye moft fcornes 5 each noneft thought moft hates to. fee and thinke upon. Which The AftificiaU Cbangling? 351 jefts afwomc« Which thing it fecmes was invented by Queene to be an occafion that the fight thereof CtftXsVS might remove from men that vice againft Nature, which they were greatly given unto, which fight fhoukicaufe them to regard Women the more. Yet they of the Kingdome of Benni are, it feems, Pureh of another opinion concerning the effedt of this a Invention 3 For there men and women are not afhamed to fhew themfelves one unto another, as they themfelves affirme 5 and by reafon prove. Faying, that a man more coveteth and defireth a thing that he Feeth not, or may not have, then that he Feeth and may borrow and have ; and for that caufe they hide not their privy members. And all thofe Spaniards, Portugal French- men, Flemmings} and Englifh-men, that have been converfant in thofe parts 3 have affirmed, that their manner of going naked is neither lightly nor pleafing, and that nothing makes a woman more defpifed and contemned than to behold her ordinarily naked. Wherefore they arc not to be imitated that fo freely difcover their parts of lhame, only thereby to gaine husbands ; Nor the Africans , Indians i Carites^ or Brafileansi who go naked, not for oftentatiom but by cuftome, either in regard of the Countries great heat, or by not being acquainted with the ufe of Garments; but rather we ought to cloathe and conceale thofe parts which Nature her felfe hath placed fo far off 3 both from the fight of our felves_and others* And indeed} although it may feeme to be a bait and provocation to luft and lafcivioufneffe} yet experience fhews the contrary, for tbatiplendid A a a appa- Mbuw'n 35 1 Man T r dm form'd : O r., IS* * apparellj counterfeit crifped haires is more dif- commendable than the nakednelfe of thefe Bar- barians, which might be made good by many reafons. Our firft ParentSj after their, fin, were juftly afhamedj feeing their nakedneffej And we detcil the HerefiCD which violating the Law of Nature fnot in this point fuificiently obferved by our Adamites ) endeavours to bring in this fhame- full Cuftomc. Yet wc are neverthelelfe to be condemned for condemning them for going na- ked, fince we offend in the contrary} with too much decking our bodies j And would we could regard more modefty and necelfity of habits, and nfe them rather for honefty than to pride and va- nitie, which is more hurtfull than their naked- nelfe. Among the Ancients, to prevent young effemi- nate Inamoratos , efpecially Comedians-, from un- timely Venery, and cracking their voices, they were wont to fallen a Ring or’ Buckle on the Foreskin of their Yard 5 as Celfus reports; and M m.Bftgr- hereto Marti all feemes to allude in that place, where he faies, Hum ludit mediky populo fpefiaftte, Palefh k, ■ Heu J cecidit mifero fibula j verput trat. }uvenaU A practice alfo noted by the Satyrift, SaO r# Solvitur his magno Comeodi fibula. Concerning this Art of Infibulatiomor butto- ning up the Prepuce with a Braffe or Silver But- ton on both fides of the Gians, a kind of rationall invention, it was borrowed, as I fuppofe, from the The Artificial} CbdHgling. 353 Where they wcareRing* ia their YardiJ’ and tiuffe up theU Osoitel* within their Body* Vc fling. S y>U Stttaam, the Egyptians or Arabians^ for as Veflingus notes, among them , fuch who by a ferious vow of Chaftity would gaine and pre- ferve an estima- tion of purity, in that portion of their Foreskin referved after their Circumci- fton, being bored through, doe wear a huge un- meafurablegreat Ring. The PatagonS) a Race of Giants, in the fortieth Pareh.fiJgr, Degree of the South Pole 3 truffe their Genitall lib,7 “ members fo 3 as it is hidden within their body, which is a tranfgrejfion againft- the morall Law of Nature-) efablifhed in our members'- \ Nature having excluded thef e parts from out the Continent of the bo- dy for the better moderating of Concupif cence . They in the Bay of Soldania have but one ftone idem toi'mh 4 . naturally, dr Ceremonially, my Author indeed knoweth not; yet I find in another that they truffe up their right ftone, which I fuppofe may Armnu* ju- be nationall unto them, for it is a thing that hap- H pens to many, as it did to Sid a and Cotta ; Haly alfo Haiy comment. ; fpeaks ©f one who was born but with oneTefticle Uchn> Ms Aaa 2 only Gal.ffzf.177. »nJJ^uchs. 8 354* Man Transform'd: O r> only. And tjhe Civil Lawyers allow fuch for men, ^chat they may / urerm li tari make their teftament, Herbert Moft of the men of the Cape of good- Hope are Semi-Eunuchs, one ftone being ever taken away by the Nurfe, either to diftinguifh them from ordinary men, or that Mi (Iris Henus allure them not from Pallas. There are fome who are not borne with anv ftone at all, who are Eunuchs from their mothers wombe, fuch a one was Dorothxus Bifhop of An- tioch#. very learned man,and skilful in the Greekc and Hebrew, in whom Ayr eli anus the Emperour tooke great delight, as Eufebm witnefifeth. And al- though thele Inftruments of Generation are cal- led aUvijloi, becaufe for the moft part every man hath two? yet among other monftrous conftitu- tions of thefe parts, they have been found to be , trebled, as it is reported of Agathocles theTyrant of Jacob' Mocc*ius Cicily^ and of Francifcm Philelphus. And Anato- tx adverfi mifts have obferved in their diffe&ions, fuch an ]oh.D r ijandt i . unnat ur a ll triplicity in fome, and this is faid to adcap.6i.t. i. be peculiar to iome Families. de morb. intern. Many fantafticall reafons have been framed, loh/pontanus ftn d ^nds propounded to introduce Eunuchifme, de rebus coeiefl. and this way of degrading men from their man- Kornman de h°°^* S emir amis was the firft that caufed young vivirummim. Male children to be made Eunuches, therein offe- ring violence to Nature, and turning her from her appointed courfe,by a tacite Law, as it were ftopping the primigcniall Fountaines of Seed, and thole ways whichNature had affigned for the propagation of Pofterity,that fo fhe might make them havefmall voices.and to bemorewomanifh., that D.M&t.eap.iy, p.Hicron. teni.lovin. Eufeb, Hip. Eeclef. C aeli us Rbsd. T be Artificiall Cbangling. 355 that conjoyned with her 3 lhe might the better con- cealehe^ufurpadon and counterfeit manhood. Vpon which there arifeth a Phyficall queftion, whether the Teficles be required to the forming of the Voiced Galen in his book de Semine 5 /7z7/;, that they Galen hb. de do confer to the formation of the Voices although they Semm ‘ are remote from the other Infer uments of the Voice : the caufe is placed in their native heat) although it be not the proximate caufe) but the Antecedent caufe ; for, Galen in the fame book doth conflitutethe Testi- cles to be next the Heart , a Fountaine of heat and ftrength’,fothat the Tefticles cut out) only not the other Fountaine is deftroyed, but the heat of the very heart is kffenedand debilitated. One Fountaine therefore of heat deflroyed, the others firengthis decayed, and by con- fequence thereisa necejfity thq voice fljould be changed. And Castration is fo 'experimentally known to ad- vance the fmalnefje and fweetneffe of the voice, that as an ingenious Traveller hath lately olferved, in Mr R aymori( j Florence they are fo given to the mufique of the Voice , in his voyage that there the Greatones keep their Caftrati, whcfe hnoli ^ % Voices fcandalize their breeches. Concerning the reafon of this effect of Cajlration, the Conceit of Ari- ftotle is pretty , although it agree not with the common opinion, who thinks the Heart is (tr etched by the Tefticles, and therefore relaxed when they are cut away, and fo a common principle affeHed) becaufe the ftrength of the Nerves is relaxed or loofenedin their original 1 , or beginning. Even as we fee it commeth to . paffe in Inf r uments which have a more acute or treble found when the firings are f retched, and a lower and more remiff e when they are loof rned : Right fo is it in Eunuches j the Tefticles being taken away, and fo the A a a 3 heart cS£*£ 356 MaaTransformd: Or; affetfed-) the Voice and very forme hecommeth wo- rn aniff, But according to Anatomicall verity the firength of the heart dependeth not upon the conten- tion or firetching of the TefticleS) hut upon his oven proper temper 3 neither if the heart needed anyfuch tenter , were theTeflicles pins fitting for the fame. The Parthians ufed this out of Luxury for the retarding of Age, and the prolongation of life, it having been obferved, that caftrated Ani- mals in any kind 5 and Spadoes by An, live longer than they that retaine their virilities, and by this Fri{> Artifice they retaine a better habit of Body, up- ApenTad Api-Q n which fcore thofe Canibals who live neare the an.cefmograpbdE equator, who hunt after men to eate them, when ffinft cofm thc 7 h avc taken any Males of the neighbouring tib.s. ’ ' Nations, they many times geld them, "and fo fat them up for {laughter as we do Capons. Some have pra&ifed this Artifice to introduce a neceflfa- ry Chaftity and purity of body, that their wai- ters might be more eleane, as Claudius intimates of the Babilonians pra&icall intent, which the Re- mans afterwards obferved, as appears by Juvenal, Coghan the which is the Phyfique, that Coghan would have hsaitb prefcribed if he had been Phyfitian to our Anci- ent Abbats and Monkcs, who ufed other leffe ef- fe&uall meanes to preferve their Chaftity 5 viz, the fame remedy that Smith a Canon of He- reford practiced upon himfelfe in the beginning of ihcReigneof Queenc Elizabeth, Alfeifflonem 7V- ( Hculorum , for this is the fureft remedy (faith he) icnircniui de that can be devifed for Cuffds Colts. Benivenm dt&tfs. fpeakes of a Monke, who through an indifereet zeale to Chaftity, being no way agreeable to that T be Artificial! Ch angling. 557 Sn c ‘ Caara “ that Ratio/iabi le olfequium that God requires,plaid the fame holy pranks with himfelfe. And this ccurfe is fo effe&uall to prevent any juft fufpition of incontinency, that fome have prattifed it up- on themfelves, thereby to introduce a voluntary impQtency,as Comhalw did, who perceiving him- felfe to be affe&ed by Stratomce the Wife of the King'of jijfyria, and being to attend upon her in fome Progrelfe fhe made, fecretly caftrated him- felfe, and fealing up his virilities in a Box, delive- red it unto the King, to be kept as fome Jewels of worth. Sufpition afterwards growing of his in- continency with the Queene,he was quitted of the accufation by that pledge of his fidelity he had left in the Cuftody of the King : And this was the firft rife of the reputation of chefe Semi-virs , or halfe-men. You may read in Schencbiw-, and Sehene the Treafureof Timesi of other perfons, who on their own private motion, and for fome fuch ends tm“voU-, have committed the fame cruell Trefpaffe againft nt.z.cap.^ Nature. But the maine defigne in thisbufinefte originally, was to make them more fit to keep their women 5 the name Eunuch impofed upon them, being as it were a cloake, wherewith they covered the injury done to Nature ; it ftgnifies as it were Chamberlaine and keeper of their Bed, entertained and appointed for the preferving. their women, yet in fome Countries where Eunuches ■ have religious women' in keeping, becaufethey fhallnotbe loved, they have alfo their Nofcs and Lips cut off. And as the Genitall parts put a difference be- tween Nation and Nation, fo between one Re- ligion Sib! 358 ManTram form'd: Or, ligion and another : For the Priefts of Cybelef the great mother of the Gods) uftdtocut o£f their own members, .and fo geld themfelves without danger of death, which they do with a fheard of Saw tan earth. Vofeius* I find in Vefcius the reafon why thofe Priefts arig.& progr. of the Goddeffe gelded themfelves, it was but in idoiatM refped of the Corne that was reaped, but the fe- minall force is in the harveft ; for as the prolifique vertue is from the virile parts, fo feed from the Corne : And by their Example* a man of a fimple wit, to be revenged of his wite> plaid fuch a pranke with himfelfe, of which Lu- cilim j Lucil s nyr 7 ^ anc ^ult male habere , ulcifci pro feeler e ejuf. Teftamfwnit homo Samiam,fibique illico telo Tr&cidit caulem , teflef jue una amputabat ambo. Plin Thus Religion alfo hath made Eunuches, as iib.11. the Priefts of the Gaules, who caftrated them- Mat cap.19. folves, and of Stone-Priefts became Calli Caflrati , French Capons. And herein appeared moft mani- feftly the Lapfe of Origens judgement, who ha- ving wrefted and taken all other places of Scrip- ture in an allegoricall fenfe, took this 'Some have made themfelves Eunuchs for the Kingdome of God) in a litterall fenfe, and to .that end caftrated himfelfe. And there were many in his time, and fince, were hardly conceited of him, 8 ef that juftly) that he in the flower of his Age, being then about twenty five yeares old, fhould deprive himfelfe of Virgo* virilis , not having in thofe parts any difeafe The Artificial! Changling. 359 “"3^, dileife that might require any fuch extirpation ; 0/^h>\D for, to deprive himfeife (however fandtimonious his intentions were) of thofe parts, contrary to the order of Nature, was an unlawful mutilati- on, and meere treafon committed againft her. Two waies there are of this unnaturall dilapida- tion of the body, one is performed by contulioiij the other by excifion,the laft being more appro- ved of j for they who have fuffc-red the contufion of their Tefticles 3 may now and then affedl to play the man, fomepart (as it is likely) of the Tefti- cles lying hid within, thofe that had paffed this kind of Eunuchifme by contufion, were called Tblibia , and ThUdU. And becaufe Phyfitians are now and then by Great ones, againft their wills, compelled to caftrate alfo, Eaulw JEgineta paul,/Egine t ; delivers the manner of operation : A thing very M.t.ctp.e s. improper to our Art, which is the ehicfeft fer- vant of Nature 5 for whereas the Phyfitians Arc doth reduce bodies from the Hate which is againft Nature into thenaturall j the manner of making Eunuches, which the Greekes call Eunuchifmum^ , promifeth the contrary. But the keene jealoufie of latter times hath gone a little nearer with Eunuchesj and made them tafte deeper of the Rafor, even to the totall deprivation of the Ge- nitals.* For although at firft among the Turk es feft.6.cap.g' their Eunuches were only CaftratL gelt 3 yet fince „ perceivmg Eunuchos poJJ e ettam^non vellejolum^no^ mm. in HipprJ they will not tru ft their Eunuches with any part ideAaeAqna of their virility, no way confiding in Ample %jr!xt. Eunuches. But the Eunuches in the Great T urks scaiig cr excr- Seraolio , who are in number about two hundred, “ t . , , , 5 ad Juhtil.Qzt- Bbb thevdani. The time of waking Eunuchcs. Gravetdeferip of the Grand Sign, Court. j6q Man T r dm form d : O k, they arc all of them not only gelt, but havUheir Yards alfo deane cut off? andarechofen of thofe Runegago youths which are prefented from .time to time to the Grand Signiour Few or none of them are gelt againft their will. For then ( as the Matter Workmen in that bufi- neffealfirme ) they would be in great danger of death, wherefore to get their confent they pro- mife them faire, and ihew unto them the affu- rance they may have (in time) to become great men. All which mutt be done when they are very young, at their firft eomming into the Seraglio: For it is a worke not to be wrought upon men of yeares, which invention, although it abate their courage, yet they generally prove men of the greateft judgement and fidelity) their minds being Fet on bufinefle rather than on pleafure. This kind of Eunuchifme was of old afafhion in Perfidj and all parts of the Levant , where it is a Cuftome to geld their Male Children when they are young, that being Eunuchcs ? they may be capable of places of Truft and preferment in Princes Courts, who indeed are often advanced by that mcanes, none being held fo trufty as they, elpecially to looke to their women j who there- fore thinke they have a good bargaincin exchang- ing the naturall Conduit of their Urine for a Quill, which they weare in their hats in a way of jolly oftentation. Mar cm Panin* Tbenetw, and Garcias d’ Orta a Portugall Phyfitian, do deliver for axertainty, that in Renga)a ( a Kingdome moft potent at this day, feated on the Iflands) and mouth of the Ri- ver The ArtificiaU Cb Angling. %6i fell theirCh‘1* ver Ganges in the Eaft- Indies ) the Moores inhabi- tnadeEunueh* ting that place, do travell into other forreigne t/X^ Lands 5 and the neighbouring Ides, to buy young Children} whofe Parents being poore and cove- tous of money, do fell their Sons r elfethefevil- laines will rob and fteale them thence, and carry them quite away} and not only cutoff Viraa, but Parafirates alfo ; luch as efcape death after mis cut- ting, they educate them very delicately,and after- wards fell them to the Perfians, and other Mabu- matiffsixvho buy them at a very deare rate, to wit, three or foure hundred Ducats apiece, to ferve as men of their Chambers, in a foule and unlawfull acquaintance, afld alfo to have the charge of their Wives. The Turkes that dwell in Europe and Afi a do ufethe very fame Caftration onfuch young boies as they can ieize on in the Chriftian Countries, and then make fale of them in manner aforena- med. A pra&ice feene and obferved by the Lord Villamont in the City of Damas in Syria, in the ^villaHioac yeare 1589. where a beautifull Ruffian 'Have of a Pafhair, whom his Matter intended togeld(in full manner before recited ) and then to prefent him to his Daughter, as one fit to attend her in her Chamber^ which deliberation comming into the Slaves underftanding, he concluded to fhunhis Mailers intent, becaufe it was a hazzard of life tither in Child or man ; and therefore rather than thus to dye, he refolved to kill the JBafhawhis Ma- fter before he would endure fo notorious an infa- my, and executed his determination. When other courfes could not help, many have B b b 2 been Gaft ration higli Trcafon againft Na- tive. 3S2 Man Tr ansiform d: O r, been fo bold as to Caftrate themfelves in the Le- prbfie, and have been better 5 for, you ihall not eafily find any Caffrati) or women, troubled with that difeafe. Some more confident Phyfitians have put to their hand, and thofe who have c-fca- ped the danger have proved cured ; fome in Ma- nia , or melancholly madneffe, have attempted the fame, not without fuccefie, although they have remained fomewhat melancholly 3 like Gib’d Cats, fome for the prevention of the dangerous confequence of Hernia InteftinaUs, have under- gone the fame experiment.- And verily a difpenf (it ion may be granted in caf e of thefc inexorable, and other wife incurable difeafes. But upon any other pretence whatfoever , to adulterate the coi.ne and image of Nature by fo grojj e an allay as makes them not current for men , or willingly to dege- nerate into the Nature of women •> fujjering themfehes to be transformed from the Mafculine to the Femi- nine apparence (afalfeCoppy ) is to offer as great an Injury to Nature as the malice of mans refracto- ry wit can be guilty of : And it is fo manifestly again ft the Law of Nature to tamper with the witnefjesof mans virility, that our Laws have made it Felony to geld any man againff his will. There is an ancient Fabler that the pfjj called Remora, did (lop thefjjip of Perianders Embajjadors, whom he had fent to geld all the Males that were left of the bloud Royally as if Nature her felfe held it an unworthy Ail that man (Ijould be dejpoiled of thefe parts that were given him for the prefervation of the whole kind . And although this Caff ration of the T eft icles being not done in an apparent part) caufeth ( of it felfe) no deformity, yet hecaufe TbeArtificiall C handling. ^6^wom^ 0!i0f because when both the Tefticles are cut out, other mif- chief es fol/ow)(eff>ecially if this be done while they are in the yeares of puberty,) which betray them to be Eunuches , as an effeminate voice, and the want of a beardjby this means it bringeth a deformity upon them. And although man may live without them , jet after a manner they ought to be accounted as principal! members-) for it appeares that Galen preferred the Gilzntib.de Tefticles to the Heart ; for , faith he , the Heart in- ' deed is the Author of life , but the Tefticles conduce to well-being , for they communicate a certaine air e to the whole Body, by whcfe mediation virility is reconciled , the body acquires (irength and ffrme- neffo is made more lively at length) the principal! members do more perfeBly execute their office $ which parts being cut away,- befides that 3 men are de- prived of the Generative power-) they want all thefe conveniencies 5 the venerian n.Oode is extingui- shed) Love grows cold , the Veinesfall , the colour and heat grow dead and withered, they are made beard- leffe)dnd altogether effeminate, therefore the Tefticles are of that efficacy, that they corroborate and a fed the other bowels with a common benefit. The extravagant invention of man hath run Callus Rhod, out fo far as the Caftration of women * } Andra- mf.es the King of Lydia, as the report goes, was SlfSicff i 4 . the firft that made women Eunuches, whom he Athen. Dipn. ufed inftead of Male Eunuchesj after whofe ex- x«5iu* lib.i, amples the women of Egypt were fometimes fpa - LydmumAlciat ded. Giges is accufed of the fame trcfpaffe again ft m llb ‘ s P acl0m Nature by Hefychim and Suidas. The end might be the fame in fpading women as men, both being made thereby impotent, and fo confequently apt B b b 3 to Tke 0>ang& •f fpading Wona:n. Julius Alex- lib.ii, cap. 14 . Silubr. e&* w and leffe fubjed to be corrupted with their paffions. And it feemes/&/mf Alexan- drine could never find that this was a received Cuftome in any Nation^yet he had read in divers Authors of many Caltrated to abate their untamed Luft: But that end which the firft in- ventors of this fhamefull deed propounded to per themfelves, was ( as is fuppofed ) to prolong their Achen.Vofcius youth, and* that they might perpetually ufe and Hb. 17. deorig. enjoy them in a flourishing condition of body. MlTp.foSi It i s an Anatomicall Queftion, An mulier Cafirati pojfitj and it appeares de fafto , to have been done j but concerning the manner of operation there arifeth a greater difficulty : Whether they ca- flrated women by drawing out their wombe, or by avulfion of their Tefticles ? Both waies it is certaine that women will be brought into great danger of life ; for, although Sows maybe fpa- ded 3 yet with the like Security it cannot be ad- miniftred in womens by reafon of the feat where- in they are placed, and the Society they have with other parts : For he muft neceffarily cut cufdan.n/^g. both the Flankes who would Caftratea woman 3 tttim.wfcnpt. aworkefullof defperacehazzard ; yet it may be done with little or no danger, if it be attempted with an Artfull hand. And a Friend of mine told me he knew a maid in Northampton- fhire that was thus fpaded by a Sow-gelder, and efca- ping the danger grew thereupon very fat. A Gen- tleman who unaertooke Since in Some company to tell me this Story againe,faid that he was pre- fent at the Aflizes of Northampton when this Sow- gelder was arraigned for this Fad. I doubt there is T be Artificial 1 Cbangling. 365 is fomemiftake in the Scenes for by another In- formation of a Juftice that was there, it was in Lincolne-i hire, and the Faft done upon Lincolne Heath? and that was not his firft Faft, fo that his ■firft attempt might be upon the Northampton maid; this laft maids name was Margaret Brig- ffoch$ but the Judges were much confounded how to give Sentence upon an Aft againft which they had no Law ; for, although the Caftration of men was Fellony by the Law, yet there was nothing enafted againft fpading of women; and well might they be ignorant of luch a Cafe, when Platerm the great Phyfitian, profeffcth heremem- breth not that ever he read or heard of fuch an attempt. This Clearke ( for that was his name ) was hanged for this laft Faft, but not by a Law, put for robbing her of two penaiworth of Ap- ples which five had in her Apron. But it is more Jangcrous to pluck out the Wombe 5 although his fucceeded well to a certaine Sow-gelder,who tifpefting his Daughter guilty of Adultery, vio- ently extraftingthe VVombe 5 fpaded her after the nanner of Cattles that afterwards fhe might be infit for bearing of Childrens as Vuierw witncf- Vuierus/i^. eth ; And we read that this Iohannes ab Ejjen, depraftig.De- iow-gelder-General! to the Clive nfi an Duke, n ‘ 0 n - co P- 1 ' vas defervedly punifhed by the Prince with a )ecuniary mulft for that villanousdeed. But Rio- i^fuppofeths that as they button up the Na- urals of Mares which they would not have hcr- ed, to wit, with Iron rings trajefted in order, vherewith their Naturals are fhutup ; fo women )f old were fpaded, for fo Dalechampius inter- Atbe n *i Dti?- prets wfo/b. 2 S* 366 Af*» Transform'd: O r, ; P rcts r ^ c anc ^ cnc Caftration of women , after which manner, as he heares, the jealous Italians fecure their \\ ives from the admittance of any Rival!. Circumcifion , a flrange and fmart inven- tion of man, is a very ancient device pra&ifed to the diminution of the naturall comelineffe of this part. joh.Bohem, de The Egyptians (as the Greeks are perfwaded) ni. gent, iib.it were the hrft that circumcifed their virilities, confsifing "they were Circumcifed for clean neffe 3 becaufe it was better to be cleane than comely or Callus Rhod. beautifull. C alius i aith, they were wont to Cir- cumcife their New-borne Infants, conceiving it not a little to conduce to the commodities of life, thinking that the filth and corruption of their bodies was thereby taken away. Grimflon of And [ t thought, that perchance the Egyptian theit mnasrs ’ Priefts, and other Flamines of the naturall Law, ufed Circumcifion as a certaine figne of Piety, as Orm Apollo infinuates, faying, that a Cynocepba- lus was a note of Sacrifice, becaufe he was borne Circumcifed ; others thinke they ufed it as a note of religious cleanneffe $ and that the Egyptian Priefts who were bound to fhaveall their body e- very three daies, to the end they might not carry any filthineffe into the Temple and Sacrifice, fo \ they did cut the Fore-skin to be more neat, and that it was more feemly to be without filthineffe than in any other fort whatfoever. Tefiingus l n Vejlingw thinks they were neceftitated to do SjntAMom. this to a naturall end, for the prepuce in the Egyptian and Arabian little Children grows out often The ArtificiaB Changling. 367 gl® oftenfo beyond meafure, and by much encrea- fingj is fo attenuated, chat they are conftrained? no leffe for feare of a Phimofis, than by the prefcript of Religion, to cut off part thereof 3 fo over-care- full fometimes isNature in providing for a decent covering of this foamefull part. That the Egyptians ufed Circumcifion appea- red by Philo Judceus, They mock e, faith he, at our Circumcifion? which was in great honour with other Nations, efpecially the Egyptians 3 and philo jud*u?; there was fome caufe why it was a Cuftomc with them, unleffe we would condemne the eafineffe ofa Noble and moft ancient Nation, finceitisnot likely that they would rafhly Circumcife f© ma- ny Millions, and ordaine the torment of Mutila- tion of the deareft pledges in their body. At this day the Copties ? called commenly and Sandi Travel corruptly Coftesj who are the true Egyptians ? the uy,t ' name ftgnifieth privations in regard (as fome will have it) of their Circumcifton, notwithftanding they are Chriftians they areXTrcumcifed: where- of they now begin to be a&amed, faying, that in the Country they are thereunto compelled by the Moores? in Cities where fecure from violence, they ufe it not? doing it rather in that it is an ati- ■ dent Cuftome of their Nation? mentioned by H*rodom$ than out of Religion. The Colchians, Ethiopians ? TrogloditianS) Syrians, and Phoenicians, were of the fame Cut. The Iucatans ufed Cir- Grirotono/ cumcifion, but not all ingenerall. But cifion hath been moft remarkable in the Hebrews, ©en itf. not that they tooke this fafhion from the Egypti- ans, but from the Covenant God made with C cc Abra- Keatons of GircumciGon. Vallefius in fac/a. Pbilef. eapAi. ¥ofes Egypti- U5, i Cor.y.i§. 3 Mashabj, if' j$8 Man T rant form'd : O r,’ Abraham : But the Circumcifion of Abraham was no new contrivance, but at length approved of and fandtified by God 5 as Patiefm well colle&s. Strabo who hath a Grange Hiftory of Mcfes , con- trary to the received truth, faies 5 he commanded not Circumcifion, but that Circumcifion, excifi- on, and ii there were any fuch like thing, were in- troduced by his fuperftitious and tyrannicall fuc- ccffours; but there was a plaine command for this A& on the eighth day, according to Mofes Law. Philo alleadgeth foure Reafonswhy thejForeskin was commanded to be cut off: For the better pre- vention of the difeafe called the Carbuncle, that the whole body might be kept more pure and cleane, and that no ioile or filth fhould be hid in the Fore-skin, that they might be more apt to_Ge- Reration,and the part circumcifed fhould better expreffe the fimilitude of the Fleart. Mofes Egyptiue faith, that Circumcifion helpeth to bridle and reftraine inordinate luft and ccncu- pifcence of the flefh 3 but the contrary doth ap- peare 3 for no Nation is more given to carnall luft than the Egyptians, Saracens , and Turkes that are Circumcifed. Some thinks, in greater de- teftation of thefuperftition of the Egyptians, and other Nations that did adore that part, and make anldollof it under the name of Priapu and did carry it about in open fhew in their wicked ido- latrous Solemnities. When the Fore-skin wai circumcifed it might by Art be drawn over againe, as Epiphanm col- leð out of Paul: And fuch mention is made of fome in Maccales that renounce their Circiun- cifion, The Artificial ibangling. 369 ?S£ 2 SL cifion, and made themfelves uncircumcifed 3. This d €! n]ews. practice of drawing againe the Foreskin that was t circumcifed,is thought by Epiphanms to have been invented by Efauj to deny his profelfion, and to • raze out his Circumcifion. You (hall find in Pa- r among his cures of prseternaturalldefe&s? the cure of a prepuce made fhort by Circumcifi- on? which is ufed to the Jews? when they having abjured their Religion full of Superftitions, tor handfomneffe fake they would cover the Nut of their Yard with a Prepuce, and recover their cut- off skin 5 The prefent Jews Circumcife upon the eighth day, ana it may not be done before 5 and in cafe the Child fhould be fick?or very weake, it may be deferred longer, till fuch time as he fhall be in health and able to endure it 5 then they ufe to make choice of a Circumcifer, which they call Mohel , which may be whomsoever they plea fe? fo he be but an expert and skilfullman at the bufmeffe, and they account it to be the mod me- ritorious thing that can be to be a Circumcifer: And if by chance the Father of the Infant be one of thefe, he then cjrcumcifeth his own Child him- felfe. The God-father fitteth upon the feat pro- vided for him, and fo taking the Child in his armes, fitly placethhim upon his knees, then comes the Circumcifer with a Charger in his hand, wherein are the Inftruments? and other ncceflaries for the prefent bufine(fe ? as namely a Razor? reftringent powders? with little clouts • dipt in oyleof Rofes, and fome ajfo ufe. to pro- vide a difh-full of Sand to put the Foreskin into when it is cut off 3 then thp Circumcifer un- C cc 2 fwathes Mahometan Circumcifion. c lTXX3 SoVib.^* Com. Drutiw. Munft.o/wigk kb.f e*p. : 7 6, Mun ft.cofmtg. iib^sap.j 8 . 570 Man Transform'd: O k, Iwathes the Child j and Tome ufe to have fiber pinfers, with which they take up as much as they meanetocut off of the Foreskin, then doth he take his Razor and cut off that thicker skin of the Prepuce, and afterwards with his thumbe naile he rends in pieces that other thinner skin that re- mains. The people chat are prefent forthwith pre- fage unto him that it will be much advantagious to his marriage, in the meane time the Circum- cifer going on in his bufineffe, with his mouth fuc- keth the bloud which abundantly floweth from the wound, doing this two or three times, and fo fpitting it forth into a bowle of Wine , with which he afterwards in naming the Child be- fprinkleth his Face j Then doth he clap upon th* wound fome Sanguis Draconis, powder of Co- rail, and other reftringent things, wrapping it about with plaifters of oyle of Rofcs , and fo binding it up dofe, the Child is fwathed againe ; the Child ufeth to have his wound healed in a (bort fpace, and it is never above twenty foure houres in healing. The People of Loango , in the Province of Congo , are Circumcifed after the manner of the Hebrews. The Mahometans alfo are circumcifed, but it is thought that Mahomet in the Alcoran comman- ded Circumcifion, not as any point of Religion, but for meere fupcrftition, or as tome fay, left there fhould remaine fome filth under the Pre- puce after his Followers had wafhed themfelves. ^«»j?«f/defcribesthe Turkifh Circumcifion after this manner, a precious Banquet being prepared. The Artificial! Cbangling. 371 and their Friends thereunto invited to the Pa- ^ *" ut n- rents houfe, afterwards while they are at Ban- cifion. quet, and during the Fcaft, the Boy to be Cir- cumcifed is brought in, whofe Nut the Phyfitian doth uncover, laying hold of the replicated skin with a paire of Pincers, then to take away all feare from the Child, he faies he will performe the Circumcifion the next day, but in the inte- rim on a fudden he cuts off the Prepuce, apply- ing a littlefalt to the wound, afterward he is led into the Bath with great Pompe. This is cele- brated at thefeventh or eighth yeare of the childs Age, who had before received his name at his Birth. This Circumcifion of Turkes is fomewhat more favourable 3 and not fo deeply performed as the Judaicall. A reverend ingenious Friend of mine 3 who had been prefent and feen the manner of their Circumcifion, informes me, that the Cir- cumcifer drawes the Prepuce a little over the end of the Nut, and then laying hold of that part which is brought quite over with apaireofPin- cersj he cuttethit off with a knife, and throws it into a Chafendifh of Coales which ftands by him 5 afterwards with • certaine powder he cures the wound. The lews that dwell in Turk)-, are for a note of diftin&ion , not only fomewhat more largely circumcifed, but at their Circumcifion the Prepuce in Dorfo penis is a little flit up with the Priefts naile, and by this marke they ufe to di- ftinguifh a dead Jew from a Mahometan, and to afford them differing Burials. Th c Mahometans of Africa do excife themfelves, becaufe a Prophet named Homer commanded Ccc3 them. The manner of Circumcifion at Ginney and B'mej. Jge, yji ManTramformd : Or, them. And there are women that have this office of cutting them, but pra&ice it not in the pre- fcnce of men 5 which Ad is thought well of in the women 5 and they go crying in the ftreets of Towns and Villages to make known what they can do, carrying themfelves fo wifely in the deed, that they cut but little of the fuperficies,for other- wife there would follow a great flux of bloud. In Madagafcar they are circumcifed, but as Mahometans. Abm the fixtb The Circumcifion that they ufe at Ginney and yeare of ibeir Binney , is, as is conceived, done for a naturall end, the Ceremony being performed in the morning, when the Sun isfome two houres high 5 Mr Job- fon in his difeovery of thefe Countries, relateth the ceremony after this manner, there was a Mefifen- ger came to entreat us to fend Samgulley , a Negro Boy of ours, (that was taken from us to be cir- cumcifed ) a white cloath, and that he would pray us to come and fee him. As foone as we came he was brought forth into the open field, betweene the houfes and the place where they re- mained, who were cut the day before : he had ta- ken away his cloaths they brought him afhore in 5 which was a Shirt, Breeches, and a Cap of ft rip'd fluff e, after the greateft fafhion of the Countrey, and only brought him with a white cloath clofe about him. Whereas we did exped fome great ceremony after a religious manner to be performed 3 He' was firft let down upon a lit- tle mole-hill, divers people comming forth to fee him, amongft the which were moil women, who flood dire&iy a little diftance off looking on ; the T be Artificial 'l Mangling. 373 theMafterof the Town waslikewife there, and three of us, amongft which ©ur Chirurgion was one, to comfort him not to feare 3 he was very confident) entreating me to lay my hand upon his fhoulderj from amongft the Blacks came forth an ordinary man with a fhort knife in his hand, which he whetted as he came, like one of our Butchers unto a Beaft, and caufing the Boy to ftand up) hetooke off his cioaths giving it to a ftander by to hold, fo as he was ftarke naked, and fet his hands upon his fides 3 being neither bound nor held : Howbeit there were fome by, who offered to hold his Armes, but becaufe he promifed not to move, they let him alone, the Executioner taking hold of his Members, drawing the skin over very far, as we conceived) cut him largely, and had three feverall cuts afore he had done 3 whereat the Boy fhrunk very little 3 in fo much as the Mafter of the Town, vvho flood by, told us, he had very feldome feen any abide it with fo great a courage 3 to our thinking it was exceeding fearefull and full of terrour, infomuch as I told the Doer in a very angry manner he had utterly fpoyled him 3 when he ask’d wherein 3 I reply ’d, in cutting him lo deep : His anfwer was, it is fomnch the better for him 3 and without any curiofity taking up his death (hewed his own members) that it might appeare he was cut as far3 howbeit my diftafte was fuch upon him that I could not yeeld t© give him any thing in the way of gratuity to wafih his hands withall 3 and as the manner of the Country is to do by fuch as are Friends to the party circumcifed 3 the thing per- formed, affefted to 374. Man Transform'd: O a, ^ orrnec ^> t ^ e Boyes white cloath was caft over him, and by two men which held his armes he was hur- ried apace to the fame quarter where the other that were cut remained : We made firft a requeft that they would let us go along to the place with him, and were going with home of the people 3 but prefently in hafte overtooke us foure ancient men, who did not only ftay our going, but made fhewof much difpleafure to fuch as were going with us, and would by no meanes fuffer that we fhould come amongft them 5 then we defired we might have the Boy along with us, telling, them we had better meanes to cure him, and to make him fooner well than they had, lhewing our Ohi- rurgion unto them? who they knew had healed wounds and fores amongft them, but we could not prevailej by the interpofingof thefe ancient men, fome of the reft feeming to confent unto us: So as we were there driven to leave our Boy, who amongft the reft of his Conforts had with- out doubt n© other Chirurgery to cure his ten- der maladie but only to attend the expectation of time, who by the help of their youth and na- ture might weare its out 3 -which appeares the ra- ther to us, in regard at thefe times there is unto thefe youths allowed a certaine licentious liber- ty, whereby they may fteale and takeaway peo- ples hens, or poultry 3 ray, from the Vulkes a Biefe,or cattle to eat and banquet withall amongft themfelves, without any offence to the Laws or Government of the Countrey, which at other times is ftriCl in that behalfe, thereby animating, and encouraging their fpirits to more alacrity, TheArttficiaBCbangling. 375 Circumcifisa and according to the condition of their wanton Agc,by thefe ftoln delights to draw the more wil- lingly to the thing, and make the time of their recovery leffe tedious unto themfelves,and difcou- rageable to others. And if I might be worthy to deliver my opinion, confidering this their Cir- cumcilion, as 1 have carefully obferved, I fhould conclude, it were done out of meere neceflicy, as a Morall Law for the prefervation of their lives and healths, and fo found out by their precedent Anceftors, and by ftri& obfervations laid pe- remptorily upon them , wherein I (hall fubmit my felfe in the account I could give to more able judgements, only this you may pleafe to note, that it is done without any religious Ce- remony, and the word in their Language is ex- preffed unto us by no other fignification than cut- ting of pricks 3 and this is done in certaine bigger Townes of the Countrey whether the fmaller Towns and Habitations make their reforts, bring- ing their Youth to be all cut together. Now from the place where they that were cut were kept all together , there proceeded a great noife of Voices, asalfo drumming, and thumping more clamorouflyj demanding what it meant, I was anfwered, in that place remained thofe Youths that were cut, and they were to continue untill fuch time as they were recovered of their fore- neffe, and that the greatneffe of the noife did come from thofe people who kept them compa- ny, which were the younger fort of people above their Age, who had already paft and received their Circumcifion. Ddd The c)Sl? 37 6 Man T rans form'd : O r, AkilSeVia Afjyrians indeed have a new way 5 as it M. i.' \ap. 3 t.de were by ltrangulatiomwhen they would Circum- -wrtmd.Korb. cl f c great youths or men, that they may not feele the paines, they lay them upright in a Bath, and comprehend the veincs about the throat, where- upon fenfe and -motion are intercepted, and To they cut off their privities asapope&icall parts of the body. Thus the f uperfitiom and pragmatic all wit of man hath ventured upon many conceited waies of Tranf- greffiOn,to introduce an Artificial! def ormitj upon this part, by an untoward deprivation of an ornamental i portion 5 yet I confejje , Anatomies are not very well agreed about the Natur all ufe thereof vnlefje / Le deceived) faith Galen, the Prepuce was only for beauty, yet in another place he adds, for an operiment: becaufe there is no great neceffityof it 3 which appear es cut of experience, for your Jews were (as the Maho- hometans are) fruitful/,- although they be xarroTi^u, crApella. Ulmus thinks the skin of the Prepuce a great beauty-) as maybe feenehy the deformity of the Ape 5 and they who fay it was ordained for ornament, do tt not without good reafon , becaufe uponthe more difhoneH part, God and Nature, or rather the God of Nature hath put the more honour, that is, the more covering . Saint Ambrofe therefore cannot beun- derflood m a litterall fenfej where he faiib, that the Fore-skin was cut off, that thefe which were the more ignoble members fhould put on, and be furrounded with more comlinefje and honefty . ’ Tis true , one may le borne Circumcifed by Nature, and they write that Sem was fo borne, of which affertion there is no ground 5 this natural! Circumcifion is very rare, but when The ArtificiaU Changling. 377 SncefT J ° & 7 7 ' CiicumciGoa. when the Prepuce is drawn back by Nature that it cannot cover the Gians or Nut , this affedion is cal- led Capiftratio. This Fore-skin in the end of it fometimes is fo contracted and drawn together , that it cannot be drawn back , or the Nut dif covered with- out the help of a Chyrurgion. Tet neither of thefe mjprifions of Nature in this Organicall part are to be endeavoured by Art in a foolijh imitation 3 fvnce Art was rather intended for the reformation of fucb un- natural! accidents. Againe , this Cutis Epiphifis, as Galen cals it , in Latine preputium, or the Fore- skin 3 a putando, was devifed , that the Gians or Nut of the Yard or virile member might be kept fmooth , [oft, and glib? it being a covering which arijeth from the skin of the Yard, is brought forward, and againe reflected and returned. But when the Nut is unco- vered 3 that it might recover its cover againe , this Prepuce is tyed in the lower part with a membranous band or tye?which the Greeks call xwt/JWf«i/ 3 yinculum caninum, the Latines frenum, in Enghfh the Bri- dle. Archangelus cals it a Ligament. This is that which bridlethy or reineth up the Fore-skin on the lower fide to the top of the Nut by that natural! figna- ture exhibiting a cautionary prevention , and the di/like of Nature of any. of this kind of uncomely bald- nejje. So that thefe recited conveniences of Nature s and others alfo , are meerely lofl by this Artifice y and that cleanneffe ( of any) which they acquire by Cir- cumciflon , is but afuppofed benefit ynot worth fo jhame- full and odious an endeavour. Pars infuper praeputii prominentior & pro- pendens in coitu nunc furfum, nunc deorfum fer- tur 3 uthoc attriru magis incalcfcatj cummuiie- D d d 2 rum Sumdfionf 578 Man Transform d: O £SXX3 rurn vo j U p tate ^ tencigine cujus contentationis fruitione per hanc injuriofam inventionem de- fraudantur. For the fhortnefje of the Prepuce is rec- koned among the organicall d/feafes of the Tard, whe- ther it he originall or affititiocu , by an Artificial l prc- cifionof it: And although neither of thefe kinds of brevity doth incommodate the aftion of the Tardy which it extention and ej aculation of the feed 5 or prejudice fruitfulnejje : Tamen Circumcifio ali- quid a voluptatefexus alterius detrahic titilatio- nem diminiendos hinc Ilia in Epigrammate invifa fuk haec inventio, magis rationabile putansaddi- difte huic organo quam fubftraxiflCe. Hence alfo it is thought there commonly pafjeth opinions of in - vitement , that the Jewifh women defire copulation with the Chriftians rather than their own Nation , and affect Chriftian Carnality before Circumcifed Ve- D.BrowaP/f«. nery,as the ingenious Examiner of Popular errours &xh Epidm. noteSt ^ noted 3 that the Turkes, Per- sians, and mofi Orient all Nations , ufe Opium to ex - timulate them to Venery-> and they are thought to fpeake probably, who ajfirme their intent and ejfeftof eating Opiums not fo much to invigorate themf elves in Coition 5 as to prolong the aft, and firin out the mo- tions of Carnality 5 which Venerian Prelongers were intended to lengthen the titidations of Lu(h luxuri- ous Leachers thinking Nature too fudden in her mo- tions. And therefore Mahomet well knowing this their beafily andinordinate affeftion, promifeth them that the felicity of their Paradife fbould confift in a J'ubile of Conjunftion-i that is, a coition of one Aft prolonged unto fifty yeares. For any Naturall end therefore, except in cafe of an Epidemic all difeafe or Can -- T be ArtifictaU Changing. 379 JS 1 Gangrene to Cinumcife, that is, to cut off the top of C ^^\^ > the uppermost skin of the f ecret parts, is direttly against the honejty of Nature , and an injurious unfuffer able trick put upon her. As for Circumcifion commanded by Goddt was for a morall reafon , and had an expreff e command ; other wif ?, as a Grave Divine exprefj eth it vr Wbatdey* in the cafe of Abraham, as a naturall man, it would have f eemed the moflfoolijh thing in the worlds a mat- ter of great reproach , which would make him as it made his Posterity after him-, to feeme ridiculous to all the worlddt carried an apparence of much indecency and fhamefulnejj } , to caufe all hisfervants to dif cover themfelves unto him. Much more might have been alleadged again fi this Ordinance 5 what good could it dot what was any man the better, becaufe he had wound edhimfelfe, and put his body to torture £ And indeed , as La&antius, Eucherius, Irenseus, and all theGreeke anct Latin Fathers faj, unlejje this muti * lationof the flejhinthe lews did fignifte the Circum- of the heart , or hadfome figurative meaning in it, as the taking away of Origi nail fin, it would have been amofl unre aj on able thing. For if God would have had only the Fore-skin cut off , he had from the begin- ning made man without a Prepuce. No little dan- ger of life ( alfo ) they incurred in this caf ? ; for 3 the tudaicall Circumcifion was performed with a ffoarpe cutting fione^ and not with any knife of iron (teeled^a thing which was rnofl dolorous 5 and whereby the young tender Infants fometimes got a Feaver, whereof they after dyed. Howbeit, they had enough to do with other occafions,as the cutting and fall of the Navel, whereby Hypocrites giveth affurance that Children do in- cur divers dangers. Thever, and many others, who D dd 3 have , Circttmcifion of women, tn\s> OeliRbod, Herb ,Travek. Bcllonius 3. obferv,z% Joviu* lib. Magin.Geogr. 380 MauTramfomd : Or’ have voyaged into the Countries where this Circum- cifion is ufed> dofap that they havefeen Jlore of young people dye, grown to indifferent fiature^nd young Chil- dren of eight daies old , only by being Ctrcumcifed , which may manife fly be proved by Sacred Hiftories. The Sons of Jacob, after they had fraudulently C 'tr- cumcifed all the Males of the City ofSichcm,fcituate in the Land of Canaan, they tooke them the third day after their Circumcifion and made them pajje the Edge of the Sword , for they well knew, that they were fo fore and tormented with painej as they could not {land upon their own defence. In Arabia there is a kind of People called Creo- phagi) among whom they were not wont to cir- cumcife ( Judaically) the men only, but the wo- men alfo. I The women of the Cape of Good #£>/? Hb.i. not only bore Apend. ad Ap their Lips and Eares to receive in ornaments, but P l * n < c ojmogr. in their abominable pride they pierce their Geni- tals,to adornethem outwardly with moft eminent precious ftones. In S paine , T urkp and many other hot Coun-= tries, they deprive the fecret parts of that which Nature intended to make them more fecret, the Hair, which in T urky is done in their Banians by a powder. Which powder ( as BelloniuS) and Ja- cobus Font anus informe us, is called by the Turks ] Rufmai being feme foifile,like to the excrement or drolfe of Iron, but lighter, blacker, and as it were burnt, which without burning, takes off cleane the Haire, that there remaines no figne of haire behind. This is done upon pretence of much cleanlinejfe , and to avoid fome inconvenience which the heat of j thofe Countries might other wife occafion and it 1 feemes f o rationall a thing in their weekly praBice , Eee that hE 5,. m , 3% Man T runs form'd : O t ^ 3At ^ }e y € $ eeme Nations nasty that concur not with them herein. The abfence of which modest furniture in women here, would be more rationally fufpeBed as a note of unwholfomnef] e 5 to prevent which defervedfuffition , fome (as (he report gees ) bale been found to have contrived an artificial J apply 5 and there are fuch infiruments of accommodation vendible by name. I have been told that an Englijh Lady , who was named untome 5 being in Turkic, and out of Curioftyen- tringthe Banes , and fuffering her felfe to be dealt with all according to this their Cuftome, her Husband thereupon entertained fuch a fujpition that he forbore her bed for two ye ares after . Vefalius lib. de Vef alius faith, that in fome places the Midwives chjua, were wont t0 breake that membrane as unpro- fitable, which Anatomifts call Hymen, Cdumnam , and Clauitrum virginal Hjmen quafi Limen , the entrance, the pillar, or lock, or flower of V irgini- ty 5 for, being whole;, it is the onlyfure note of untamed Virginity And the very Index and Confcrvatrix of it. This they do , Digitum podici & vulva immitten do •> ut partes iff as conn at as ape- riant. Even as they are wont with their Nailes to cut the Bridle of the Tongue in them that are tongue-ty’d} fo that it may indeed in thofe pla- ces (where the flower of Virginity is fo foone cropr, and Nature defloured) be a queftion,^« Hymen reperiatur ? And we may very well in the caufe of Nature bring a Writ of Quare claufum fregit 5 agamft fuch fond Emilfaries of Lucina. indeed many famous Physicians have once concei- ved an opinion ? as if Nature had not endued all Virgins Tbe Artificial! Cbangling. 385 Virgins with this ornament-, or muniment of integri - ty 3 among whom / mo ft bemoane the errour of Anto- nius Ulnaus in this matter 3 in other things a faith- full Champion of Natures and zealous of her honour : Whereas Vefalius, Fallopius, Spigelius, and the mofi ocular Anatomies are firong ajjertors of this naturall prefervative, making it good by anAutopticall demonfir ation. Among the reft VVierus mofi poftive- ly, and as the truth require $, ajfirmes , that all kind of maids are from the beginning endowed with the birth-righ t of Virginity , not one excepted 3 and that this exifis the prefcrver* keeper , and muniment of corporal l purity : Nor is this Hymenean constituti- on univerfally efiablifhed by an ordinary Law 3 but Nature is fo folic itous about thefafeguardand pro- tection of Virgins , that for the more fecure ftraight- wing of the Virgin Zone , as it were with the expan - [ton of a thinner skim doth fometimes draw over ano- ther membrane , which tranfverfly like a Zone fir et- ched out doth cover the chinke of the Hymen 3 which the mofi. skilfull Difjeftors have defcribed in like man- ner for the Hymen, although it be found inf ew-> and being found, by the rafhnejf e of the Midwives it is for the mofi part) as an unprof table covering burft or broke af under. Veflingus, who hath vifibly exhibited the P^Bien to chafie minds, as it is obferved in mar- riageable Virgins , and Infants , hath defcribed the forme alfo of this extraordinary membrane. After all which ocular demonft rations, I cannot but wonder at the firange diffention of feme other Anatomifis, who although they allow a Hymen or Virginal! flower, will have it conffi of four e Caruncles, placed in the middle of the neck of the Wombe-i in manner of a E e e 2 Crown 5 Hepniophfa- dite 1 . ©srdmiua InjUt. Eifl. in Fioridx. Auguft.^ Civil. Dei lib. i€. cap, 2 . Idemde Gene ft *d liter am. I- %. wp.% u 38 6 Man Transform'd: O k. Crown • and in Virgins by the intervention ( until 'l they be forced af under in devirgi nation) of little Fi- bres circularly interwoven and wrinkled together , yet prof orated as the other . Among whom Lodovicus Gardinius enters his dif sent thus j To fay that any skin placed over thwart in the mid(l of the neck of the JVombe^ which fhould make the neck imper- vious , fhould be the Hymen, is altogether fabulous 3 or at lea(l is fo befid.es the order of Nature as the firing is , whicBMometimes againft Nature^ is ingendred un- der the tongue of Infants to be taken away. In Florida and Virginia there is a Nation of Her- mophrodites, which have the generative parts of both Sexes. I dcobw de Moyne ^ whofeSirname is de Morgues^ and who followed Laudoner'm in that Navigation, makes a defeription ofthemincer- taine figures, reporting that they are hated by the very Indians?yet they imploy them) beeaufe they are ftrong and able bodied, inftead of Beafts, to carry burdens? and all other fervile offices. In the time of Innocent the third, there was a Herefie fprung up, which affirmed that Sexes had not been divided if Adam had not finned, therein making the firft man an Hermophradite 5 and therefore they would not have Hermophradites accounted Mon ft ers, whereas they are the greateft Monfters of all. St Auguftine confcffeth, that fuch Monfters are found) but very feldome. But left this foule kind of men fhould arrogate praife to themfelves upon that paffage of where- in the Creation of man is delivered) heanfwers thus : Let no man thinke that it was fo' done, that in one man both Sexes were exprefifed, after that manner T be Artificial 1 Cb angling. 387 t.° f manner, as fome are borne whom they call A n - drogjni : therefore the plurall number is alwaies added, faying, Male and Female created Hethem> He made them, and bleffed them. Bauhinus where Bauhia./tf.i. he propounds what kind of Cure there is for Rerm.sap.3t* Hermophroditesjwhofe deformity brings a foul-e ihameupon both Sexes 5 ' fees forth the differences and feverall forts of Hermophradites in theie words. Differentia quatuor ( Leonide AuHore ) ex- iffunt -• tres quidem in viris , un& in mulieribus. In viris fiquidem alias juxta regionem inter ferotum & anum : alias in medio f croto-, forma muliebris puden- di pilis obffti apparet. T ertia vey 0 ad hcec accediti in qua nonnulli veluti ex pudenda quod inf croto efl> uri- n am projundunt : I n mulieribus fupra pudendum jux- ta pubem virile genitale frequent err eperitur^ quibuf- dam Corporibus extantibus uno tanquam Cole , duobus autem veluti teffi cults ; Sic mero Ifaac Ifraelita So- lomonis Arabia regis films adoptivus.Hoc licet tem- pore fit naturale^ in viro tamen turpi us : In viro & muliere fit quatuor modis : tribus in viro , uno infee- mina. Kiris fit in peftine & in tefficulis , velut vulna vera mulieris pilofa ut in fee minis. Tertius modus eft gravior : quia per virgam & vulvam min- gunt. Mulieribus vulva fit in peefine : (ft fub vulva po(l veretrum maximi tefliculi. Ei licet in his utri- uf que f exus genitalia fint , eorum unum tamen altero fit luxuriofius & potentius etfi f unt alii Hermophro- diti qui in utroque fexu omnino impotentes fint. Thofe who are curious to know more of this ugly reprefentation may find fatisfa&ion in the Chapter of Differences of Hermophradites, writ- ten by the fame Author. And what Cure this E e e 3 vile The caufe* of Hermophia- dkes. V de licet lib.j. Hermoph.cap' * 8 . Pi median. 088 Man Transform'd : O r, vile deformity admits, the fame Author affords in this place. There is a Booke written in French, called the Hermophraditej which doth notably fee forth the effeminacy and prodigious tender- neffeof this Nation. But let us a little examine the Cau fes of their Generation. Andernacm to M&tbelis , enquiring why Nature in Humane Bodies doth fo mock and laugh man to fcornej Anfwers, Sc faies,he knows no other caufe befides the influx of the ftars,intempeftivecopulation,and evill diet, fmee at this day there is fuch corruption of life and manners, and fo great Luft, that it is no wonder if men altogether degenerate intoBeafts: And although Naturall Philofophers, and Phyfi- cians partly impute this conjunction of Sexes to the material and efficient Caufe, and partly to the Cells of the VVombe : Yet thofe caufes found to me mod probable which are alleaged a Decubitu , and the time of Conception. Sunt enim qui ve- lint b or um general ionem caufari kdecubitumirus con- VtnienH vel in congrefj'u? vel pofl congrejjum. In congrejju quidemy monente Lemnino, indecenti : non nunquam ait > vitiefv* hie inf antique concepts, ex indecoro concubitu confiatur , cum prater ufum ac comoditatem exercenda veneris , vir f upinus, mulier prona decumbit , magno plerunque valetudinis dijpen- dio,ut qui ex inner f 1 illo decubitu hernioft effeiuntur: prafertimeum diflento, opplt toque c ibis corpora in - ufitata hac inconcejsdze venere utuntur. A decubitu fupino poft congrejjum : fic enim Domini cus Terelii - US', in mulier e pofteaquam virile femen receverit in utero , pofitura corporis obfervanda : Semper vitanr da eft, qua modo fupino fit. The reafons are here alleadged; T be Artificiatl Cbangling. 389 alleadgcd; which appeares by your Lunenfian Js B au hin./».r. women, who taking no care to this fupine pofiture cap. 30. ' ‘ ’ after conception Brins; forth more Hermophra- J eT ™ 6 P\ ’• dites 3 many Authors taking notice 01 it ore oifi e UaAmai. Hermophradites among the Lunenpans. By which TmuUadverf, difcourfe you may fee what a hand the luft and folly of a man hath in this Hemophraditicall Transformation, or Andvogimll mixture. Thofe who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed then for prodi- gious wondcrs.Howbeitas Pliny notes, in his time men tooke delight and pleafure in them. 7-cap .3. ala, C.Liviw^ Confuls, in Umbrith there jfidof tb .\ i * was a Semi-man, almoft twelve yeares old, by the «/>.?.* command of the Arufpices (lainc. L. Meteklm-i and Q^Fabim Maximm Confuls? there was an Hermophradite, borne at Luna> by Um * command of the Southfayers caft into the fea. P.AfricanWj C.Fulvim Confuls, in the Coun- idem. try of Ferretinnum , there was an Hermophra- dite borne and carried unto the River. Cn. Domitim , Cajm Fannin* Confuls 5 in Foro VeJJonum 3 another borne and caft into the Sea. L.Aurelm , and L.C&ciliw Confuls 3 about Rome Id(m ^ there was another Hermophradite, fome eight yeares old 3 found and carried unto the fea. L.C^ciliuh L.Aurelin s Confuls, there was alio- idem. ther about ten yeares old, found at Batumi a , and drowned in the Sea. Q.Metelluf , 7 * ullimDidim Confuls 3 another was idem. carried from Rome and drowned in the Sea. Cn.Cor - k 390 Man T rantfarm'A: O r,' C Cl/Si \5 Cn.Corneliw Lentulu'y P.Licimw Confuls, there idem. was an Androgynus found, and carried to the Sea. Beyond the Nafamones-> and their neighbours confining upon them ( the Match lies) there be found ordinarily Hcrmophradites, called Andro - gym-, of a double nature, and refembling both Sexes Male and Female, who have carnall know- ledge one of another interchangeably by turnes, c i te dby?Uny as Calipkanes. doth report. Ariflotle faith moreo- Nat juftM. 7. ver? that on the right fide of their bread they have a little teat or nipple like a man, but on the left fide they have a full pap or dug like a wo- Motmms* man. I knew, faith Montuwy an Hermophradite Med.Thorcfi. who was accounted for a woman 3 and was mar- hb.i.cap. 6 . r j c d t0 a man, to whom (he bore fome fons and daughters, notwithftanding he was wont to lye with his maids and get them with child. This is remarkables Anno 1461. in a certainc City of Scotland there was an Hermophrodite maid got her Matters Daughter with child, who lay in the vdnrichius ^ anie bed with her, being accufed of the Fa& conMteMinfim before the Judges, fhe dyed 3 being put into the P»g. 7 -f*u ground alive. * ve ' la ' The T ntopinambauhian women of Brafill in Purch. Piigr.4* j n America^ never have their Flowers, not liking that purgation ; it is thought they divert that flux by fome meanes unknown to us 5 for 3 the Maids of twelve yeares old have their fides cut by their mothers, from the armehole down unto the knee with the very fharpe tuske of a certaine beaft, the young Girles gnafhing with their Teeth through the extremity of the paine 5 fome conje&ure The Artificiall Changling. jpi Sing ftreight” con jc&ure they prevent their monthly flux by this remedy. , Concerning the nature of the Menftruall bloud) ' there hath been , and jet is-, hard bold 3 and many opinions among Phyficians. All agree that this bloud is an excrement 5 forj/ke afuperfluitydtis every month driven forth the Wombe : but many would have it an unprofitable excrement , and of a noxious and hurt- full quality ; but I am of the contrary opinion > to wit , that it is natural l and profitable , and that it is in its own nature laudable and pure bloud ', and no way ofjen- five unto the wOman> but only in the quantity thereof as is byfome evided by the Authority of the Ancients , and b) invincible and demonstrative arguments. So that the impurity of the Courfes is not fo great as feme would have it , the menftruall bloud being only abun- dant in women , and hath no other fault at all in found bodies , and is but abufively call’d an excrement. Unthankefull therefore are thofe Tovopinam- women to Natures who feeme to abhor fo Agnail a benefit of hers, in endeavouring to di- vert the ordinary courfe of Nature. More refpedtive to Nature are the women of Pctr.Mart,- Iucaia , who when the Menfrua begin to come, De{ad, 7 ° as if they were to be brought to a man to be mar- ried) the Parents invite the Neighbours to a ban- quet, and ufe all fignes and tokens of joyfulnefle. In the Kingdome of Monomotapa the maids Heiyn.G^r. are not to be married till their Menftrua or natu- rall purgations teflifie their ability for concep- tion. The '/omen of Vraba have a mod {freight Confal.O/ied, and narrow neck of their wombe, that they very f r \ il C fr u 1, Spjgel.Haw.' 4. ff hardly corp.Fa br„ 1.1 3 *S jb8U ' 39 2 Man Transform d : O r 3 hardly admit a man : which Spigeliiv thinks hap- ^ pens to them by Art 3 and not by any benefit of Nature, fi-nce it is known that they much affcdt fuch a ftreightndfe j the men of that Countrey, as it is likely, delighting innone 5 but fuch who’ have that accommodation. It may be a ^u&re, whether tbt few omen ewe not fomewhat of this ftnttneftfeto the indulgent artifice of their Midwives? \Jtnd whether thetr Navilswere not cut Jhorter at th e birth to make them (forfooth)mo- ] deft errand their wombts nay rower , according te the con- ceit andprattice of the European Midwives . lepnfefft , Spigelius, and all our Modern Writers jeere at this , and he makes himfelfe merry with this opinion*, for, faith be , if it were in the power of women to make the Privities greater or lejfer by cutting off the TfaveH firing j in foher fadneffe all women labouring with child would complaine of Midwives, and that dtfer- vedlytoo , becaufe they left not a great part of their Navedftringwhenthey were borne, that fo their Pri- vities being Urge, they might be delivered with the more eafe. Tet Mizaldus orders it to be cut long in Fe- male children, becaufe the Inflrumcnts of Generation follow the proportion of it *, and tberefereif it be cut toojhortina Female , it will be a hinder ante te her ha- ving of children. Taifnier the famous Chiromancer and Aftrologer affrmes the fame thing . The generall conceit of the Italians in this mat- ter caufeth the fame indLftrious affection of Art in your Italian Dames : It being ^ familiar and common thing with the Italiarr Curtezans with aftringenc Peflaries, by Art to /nake the neck of their wombe as ftreight as they And „ honeft .o«. The Artificial! Cbangling. 395 honeft Matrons, tofatisfiethe wanton curiofities of -thpir Husbandsj ufe the fame Art, who have many times proved very unhappy in the mifera- ble and dangerous effedt of that Artifice, and have dearly paid for their foolifn officioufneflfe, with a fad bitrernclfe of experience, too late re- penting them of trying of fuch a conclufion as fhuts up the gate of birth, themfelves, with their dead-borne children thereby perifhing together. Nor is this Artifice altogether unknown unto the women of other Countries. Hachfietterus nar - obfervimut: rat Ancittam quondam Jponfam , proculdubio ut fpenfo Virgo , qua no* or at, apparent, balneo, in quo radices ccnfelida major is decerta erant^ ufam fuijfe, in quod cum her a in feta tnfedijpt. Et it a ortfcium fudendi coarttatum fuit t ut Marina uxorem elauflrum virgi- nale rectpiffemtrarctur. Et Nic-olus Florentinus,r£* fertfe vtdtffe mulierm^ qua pojl partum , cumobjte- trices adhibuijfent medicamenta valde aflringentia , it a claufa reddita fuit 3 ut non pettier it coitum exercere, Et cum Senncrto loqui, hoc insHtutum^ ut in fcortis cttL pandum , it a in benefits mulieribus non reprthtnden- dum, ft ip (is hoc vitium pojl partum accidat , pot.eft enim cervicit uteri amplitude cau fa ftcrilitatis effe, inter dum pro cidenti* uteri , & prat ere a vitium hoc malt ere s vi- ris ingrafts reddit , et hie quafilo refolvitur ; An Si- nus muliebtis adjlriflii&angujliAjcrtum virginitatti ftgnum fit . glued mgandum . The women of Siam -are contrary minded, Herb .Travels. both in their opinions and practice j for, to fee a Virgin there at Virgins yearns is as a black Swan, in regard in their green yeares they give the too forward Maids a virulent drinke, whofe virtue Fffi (vice Where they few up their Females, Purch. VUzy.i lib, 9 . lipdfeot.Tifl- •vtls. lib. i,c .17. Hc\yn. Ethiop. Infer, 394- Man Transform'd : O r, (vice rather ) is by a ftrange efficacy todiftend their Muliebria fo capacioully,that the Bels which the men weare in their Yards, with rope-ring too eafily may enter. * - The Mlbnc at os within the Land of Brava, have a fafhion to few up the Females, efpecially their Slaves, being young, to make them unable for Conception ; which makes thefe Slaves fell dea- rer for their Chaftity, and for better confidence their Miftrcffes put in them. Among the Peguam there are fome that few up the privy member of their Female Children as foone as they are borne, leaving them but a little hole to avoid their urine, and when fhe marrieth the husband cuttetn it open, and maketh it as great and as little as he will, which they with a j ccrtaine ointment or falve can quickly heale. Lindfcoten faw one of thefe women in Goa, whom theChir.urgion of his Mafter, in the Arch-Bi- fhops houfe, did cut open; Men would judge faith he all thefe things to be Fables, yet they are | moft true ; for, I do not only know it by the daily traffique of the Portugals out of India thither,but alfo by the Peguans themfelves, whereof many dwell in India , fome of them being Chriftians, which tell it 3 andconfefte it for a truth, as alfo the neernelfe of place and neigbourhood maketh it I futfidently known. The people of Qyiiea, of the Province oiZ&n- I zibtr in Ethiopia Inferiour, have among their, the fame ftrange fafhion, which may be mentioned rather for variety than decency. They ufe when 1 have any Female Children born unto them, f©\ T be ArtifictaU Changltng. 395 rS ?fy to few up the privy palfages of Nature, leaving only afmallpaffage for the Urine. Thus fewed, they carefully keep them at home untill they come to marriageable age, then they give them to their neighbours for Wives 5 And of what ranck or condition fhe be, which is found by her Husband to want the figne of her perpetuall Vir- ginity, is with all kind of ignominy and digrace lent home unto her Parents, and by them as op- probrioully received : And itfeemes they con- fide in no evidence but their own ocular Chirur- gery'bpre. Petrus Bembo faies, they give their p e t.Bembo, Daughters in marriage thus fewed : but firft that tib.Hip.Vmet. care is h.ft unto, and lies upon the Bridegroome to cut and divide with an Iron Inftrument the conglutinated lips of the neck of the wombe. In ft great honour with thofe Barbarians in marry- ing a wife is the certaine affurance of incorrupt Virgini- ty^ ho little trufling to thefrailt indofure of Natare^do fecure with more ftrong guards thefortreffe of Virgi- nity . Hadthefe people known the famous Liniment of Paracelfus, which but fmearedupon theopening of the mouth, in a moment (i or foot h) will contrail and conglu- tinate that Orifice : they would , it may be , have food in little need of needle and thready and fitch dolor out punffures for jewing up this Juffe&ed paffage. It jhould feme , thefe people are loath to trufl the f car it j of Nature : More cruelly jealous of their Daughterstbantbe'VenzthnSdhof theirWives , on whom they hang a padlock : fjdtid futelf they have a flight opinion of Hymen, and either kho& it not, or are not wiRrng to confide in it whereas the Jews were noway deubtfull of it : And Spig^littsf w&ntdny other ■' Fffl ManTr ant firm'd: Or, tor eafa D:li* ^ natm jfi s C9u ld by ocular experience fatisfie them con- VS $y~£\$ corning Natures conflant provifion to preferve virginal integrity. Certainly thefe Nations would bav$ been well pleafed if Nature had produced all their Females im- perforated , and the Orifice of their wombs do fed and fealed.up , or the Hymen Jo thick and flejhy that it flreigktned the pa fares of Nature , that it needed in- cifion, an ev 'tll which holds proportion in men ^w hen the Prepuce grows unto the Nut. It is thought that the Irijh women are wont to breake the Os pubis, orfhare-bone oi their Female children as foone as they are borne, to make them have more eafie labour when they come to child-beariag:A.nd it is well known that your Irijh women have very quick and eafie deliverance in Child-birth. I c&nfefe, l could not in a long time by any enquiry receive full fitisfattion concerning this pr attic al endea- vour of the Irifh, nor difeover any thing thereof in Books : Jet / encline to beleevethe Report , becaufe it is an Invention fbmewhat rationable. Tet Jince thefirfl im- prefton of this Book , I have been a fared of t h is ft attic t by a Gentlewoman who was prefent at an Irifh womans Labour in Ireland: F*r inthe conformation of the fan and Ranch- bone here appears a fingular benefit of Na ture conferred upon women , who providing with ad dr for the f nines of Child bed would have the clofing of th § hart bone looped for the f anility of Birth ; and there fore the Gartilagineous coupling of the Share-bone is it women more foft , and in womenwith Child , a little be fore their delivery snore thick embued with an urchin humour . Touch alfo and fight domanifefily perctiv the divulfion of t he Share- bone • for, if you lift /yen Lt m - T be Artificiall Cbangling. 397 Leg of a woman lately deliver ed, you fhall perceive the ex |^J- d ^ ffine of the fhare-bone to rife up in the other. The truth of this thingmay be confirmed by Authority for to omit the well known opinion of Hippocrates, and Alex.fo?nedi& Avicen,w any others do witnejje of the bones of the Hi- g* rleulcm. um and Pedten are opened or feperated, to wih the inthppocide “ foynts relaxed , not ex articulated, but jufUy f aid to be i&cfed, becaufe that great dislentionf e ernes to serm ^.cap.iz. be qucedam fpecics folutae continuitatis, and this is ]*/^ b ‘^“ rp f us naturally , although at other times they are moft ftrong- Sylvius fif- ty bound together. But thereis little need of witnefjes ' Anaiom. info manifefl a bufnejje , experience only to whom the befl appeale is made in this Anatomic all contro- larfnaiomka. vevfie may make it credible , to whom Phyfitians think they are bound to give more reffeB than unto Reafon ; for^ Riolanus afffrmes, that he thrice in the prefence of Phyftians and Cbirurgions> faw the Cartilage which holds together the bones of the fhare, loofed , and relaxed a fingers breadth 3 but that which makes fome- what more to this purpofe , Fernelius among the cau- Ferncl .lib. a, fes of a difficult birth, reckons t he more firme com- ^fhfus rf/r*. paBion of the fi&r e-bones, when they cannot be dilated in the Birth. Now if upon this account the IriCh wo- men obtainea more than ordinary faculty of diffatcb in Child-birth, it it likely the force they life to their Female Infants as foone as they are borne may relax 'the Ligaments, and move the tender Share-bones to a competent Dilation, that may prove afterwards pro- duBive of f uch an ejfeB. And it may be the women of the Conarins, Corumbins, and other Provinces of India, who fcarce travel at alldhey are fo foon delivered from the paine and perill of Child-birth ( if they do not rather receive the benefit from the temper of the Climates ) e.i2. Nations with great privy members. Purch.Pr/gM lib. 7. Richard Jo'of. Golden Trade. 398 ManTr dns form'd: Or, Climates ) and the favour able indulgence of the Ge- nius of the Place ufe fome fuch kind of Artifice con- ducille to this end , although the report of their pra- ftice hath not yet arrived atowreares. As for the mat- ter of FaB (taking it for granted ) it pretends to work a mitigation in that pronounced woe, in Dolore pa-> riesj hut this is not the only way that man hath endea- voured to eafe himfelfe of thofe inconveniences his tranfgrcfflon hath entailed upon him . They of Guinea have a great privy member, much {iirpa(fmg our Country-men, vvhereofthey make great account. I read in Jolfons difeovery of the River Gamin , and the Golden Trade of the Ethiopians, ofa Town called Caff any which is the Kings Seats and by the name of which Towne he holds his Tide, King of Cafj'an? feated upon the Rivers fide of Gamhra. The Inhabitants of which Towne, and parts thereabout being Subje&s to the Great King of Cantare 5 and of Burfall. By a con je<5tu rail Geography I take this Caff an to be that which Cardan calls Cafjena , a Region in Africa 3 and although I read nothing here con- cerning their great Nofes, yet I meet with a ftrange report, touching the magnitude of that part which anfwers to the Nofe: His difeourfe runs after this manner. Undoubtedly thefe peo- ple originally fprung from the race of Canaanythe Son of Ham? who difeovered his Father Noahs SecretSsfor which Noah awaking, curfed Canaan? as our holy Scripture teftifieth 3 theCurfe, as by Schoolemen hath been difputed, extended to this enfuing RacCj in laying hold upon the fame place * where The ArtificiaU Cbangling. 3519 members lifct where the originall caufe began, whereof thele people are witneffes, who are furniiTned with fuch members as are after a fort burthenfome unto them* whereby their women being once concei- vedwith Child} fo foone as it is perfectly difeer- ned, accompanies the man no longer, becaufehe (hall not deftroy what is conceived, to the Ioffe of that, and danger of the Bearer, neither untill fhe hath brought up the Child to a full and fitting time to be weaned, which every woman doth to her own Child, is (he allowed in that Nature the mans fociety, fo that many times it falls he hath not a wife to lye withall? and therefore hath al= lowance of other women for necelfities fake, which may feem not over-ftrange unto us 3 in that our Holy Writ doth make mention thereof » as you may 'read in the 23 Chapter of the Prophet Ezekiel \ where lerufalem and Samaria, being called by the name of two Sifters, Ahold, and Aholiba , being charged with Fornication, are in the twen- tieth verfe of the fame Chapterfaid to doat upon thofe people, whofe Members were as the mem- bers ofAffes, and whofe Iftue was like the i(fue of Horfes, therein right and amply explaining thefe people. . The Turks , who (as I heare by a Traveller ) are Men tula dores, and t befe> would have made brave Companions for Heliogabalus, that extreame luxu- rious Emperour , who gathered together a number eftitapud, is thefe well wedponed men , whom he called N afatOS,V a- vtf a (jus. fatos, Onobolos? id eft, Men tula tiores, whom he madeufeof to fatisfie his inordinate Luff. As for the virile member 5 it is of fuch length and magnitude as G gg the ^Sbritui. 400 Transform'd : O r, t fj e nece /fity 0 f tlj e fond requivetb for procr cationic on~ formed according t o the Lay? of Nature : in one of a 7 ufl age , Quando erigitur obtinet fex uncias ion- gitudinc & quatuor in Perepheria. Although it varies much according to the race of Families and courfe of Life 5 for-, there are cert aine Fa- Vf tnifiesi ( arid a* you fee ) Nations, who have an iH a ft , or a good report according to this very thing. And how much frequent coition conferreth to the accejTion of its augmentation, they daily are advifed of ; who more often , or with more alacrity defcend into vent- re an encounters 5 and indeed the length and thicknefs thereof varies in rejpeft of the particular creature 5 or individuum , hecaufe it is formed according to the pro- portion of the members , yet fome times it is larger in a little man-, bee aufe of the abundance of the proporti- on of Fathers feed, of which it is framed 3 for the Seed falieth from every part of a mans body , and carrieth in it power of generating that part from whence it fed* But it may be chef e Guineans ,1amper not with Nature, but have this prerogative from the fubtle indulgenty of their Midwives. For it is thought it will be longer , if the Navel- firings be not clef e knit by the Midwives when the Child is new-borne , and that bee aufe of a Ligament which commeth to the Navill from the bot- tome of the bladder , which they call llrachos ^ferfhe ftraighter that is tyed to the Navell,the more the b lad- der , and the parts adjoyning are drawn upward. Tet Spigelius/zJ/Vj-, he cannot well conceive in his mind bow this can be done : But for the matter of praHice he report Si that upon this conceit Mid wives' leave a longer part of the Navell- firing of a Male than they do of a Female 3 bee aufe in Males they would have TbeArtificiaU Cbangling. 401 the Infirument of Generation long , that fo the) prototypal pay not he cowards in the S chooles of Venus. Now if the fuppofition he truest are all at the mercy of the . fildidwives for our fufficiencie. In which operation Authors make much adoe , and Midwives at prefect can farce agree about the place. 7 he difiance the Na- yell- firing fauld he cut off from the Childs body JEtf Mu^lib.^i v&pref tribes to he foure fingers breadth , a woodden di~ 19 rehion faith Mr Culpepper, becaufe Midwives fin- gers differ f 0 much in breadth) he will imagine it to be meant foure inches, and f aith, the Ancients jum- ped generally in that opinion. This Tortuofity ( then ) or complicated no do fit y, which we ufually call the ,Na~ veil, occafioned hy the Colligation of vejjels, is a knot , contrived hy the Midwife , and enfutng upon this aHion , being a part after parturition of no profit or ornament . And therefore ,at the Creation or extraor- dinary formation of Adam, who immediately ifjued from the Artifice of GocU nor alfo that of Eve, who was notfolewnly begotten , hut fuddenly framed and anamaloufly proceeded from Adam, was any fuch knot (as we now behold in our f elves )to hefeen$ for fit can- not he allowed , as the Ingenious Reformer of popular errours demonfir ates, except we impute that unto the fir) caufe which we impofed not on the f econd , or what we deny unto Nature we impute unto Nativity it felfe j that is, that in thefirfi and mofi accomplifhed piece , the Creator affeBed fuperfluities> or ordained parts with- . out aU ufe or office $ Therefore this being a part not precedent but fubfetjuent to Generation, .Nativity or parturition, it cannot ( as he fp cakes.) be weM imagi- : • Tied that it appeared in our prototype , as in us his off- ffi^yag^for to imagin fawere to regulate Creation to Ge- ' -,- d ^ig 2 iteration. ?:'n!s longs ■ inconveni«n- w». Moinanus, Mm Transform d: O r, Miration, the fir ft aCt of God unto the fecond of Nature, This we may however affirme in the honour of Nature^ that whatever augmentation in this or n'ty other part is gained by Art , or befides the will and ordinary allowance of Nature , it is com . monly attended with feme inconvenience , And there m o rea/ons for it', for , the magnitude groffeneffe , and foule y and immoderate longitude of the Organ of Generation is a twofold hinder ance to fruitfulnefe , 40 Hucherus Primumquidem eo quod mulic- hre pudendum , ut & uteri cervix immaniter dilaceran - tur , unde cicatrix relinquitur, qua mar is femen ante effluereforas finat,quamidipfum uterus prolefiaritlfic fasminam unam urinx incontinentia, alter um perpetua Diarrhoea labor antem vidert illi contigit , divulfo af> ejufmodi violent o concubitn veficx alvique fthmCle- re.) Deindc quia interne uteri ofculo graviter impulfo percottum contufoqtie, ita prx dolore Muller is vsluptas interturbatur , ut nequeproprium femen emittat , neque virile admitt at , cxcipiatque. Eft & aliudincommodi- um y quod longa mentula ftcum trahit , cum fcminas uterinafuffocationis obnoxlas rtddat , quod ligaments uteri , cervicemnimium tncoitu tlongando, admodum laxet, ut apparet ex obfrvatione Spigelii j and you fee the inconveniencies after Conception , that followet upon the ample furniture of theft Ginnie dftnegees. Avicen hath taught a way how to magnifte this Part, and indeed when tt is Itffe than is convenient it is an inequality of figure, which may be corrected, and the Directions conducing thereto are admitted by Monta- nas into the corrective part of Medicine. Ha igitur fmt reguU docentes permethodum magniftcare per at- mCtmtm multi aliment i ad locum, calefaciendo & . ‘ tfS J ' " fries# do T be Artificiatt Cbangling. 403 memberi hang /> . , . , /< ? ,, .. down to their fncandq prm locum, fed caute procedendurr , ne nimit {hanks. trahant vel nimis calefaciant 3 qui nutrimentum at- ' irdftum refolveret , & volentes membrum magnifcare } rtiinw ipfum e flic event, ft cut nimius motuf fiigidita- tem induciu moderatus calorem . Eadem res effeflos oppoftos producit. Nimia ergo attratfic, & nimia loci calefaffio refolvit, & dummagnifcare quxritic, parvi tatem efficietis *, moderata autem attract one fa- cietis magnitudinem. Ars etiam eft curativa de elon - ganda mentula cum ponder e plumbeo. The Floridians fo love the Feminine Sex, that The Author of for to pleafe them the more?they bufie themfclves very much abou; that which is the primary fignc/i*.*, of uncleane defires j and that they may the bet- ter do it, they furnifh themfeltcs with Amber- greece, whereof they have great ftore, which ' firft they melt at the fire, then injed it (withfuch paine that it maketh them to gnafh their Teeth ) even fo far as to the Os f acrum % and with a whip of Nettles? - or fuch like thing , make that Idoll of Maacba tofwellj on the other fide? the women life cerraine herbs? and endeavour themfelves as much as they can to make reftridions for theufe of the faid Itjphalles, and to give either party their due. Nefcio anrevera corf at, quod diver bio feriirr,Ar - vum Genitale inmulieribw Belgicis ,altiorem in pube feituationem obtinere, fed Meduuc quidam ex offer - vatione propria mi hi cmmunicata, ajfrmat, Genitalia inviris Hybernictf,Aliiwainpubedpparere» r In the Ifle of Hermes the mens members hang sy Joh.Mand. down to their fhanks? infemuch that the menoi Trav?ls>(ap ' S3 ' -that Country? who k new hotter manners, do hind ^ A. G gig T them 4°4 ManTraruformd : O r, them (height, and annoint them with ointments, made there for to hold them up,wherby they may live more civilly, which is fuppofed to be by rea- fon of the heat ol the climate diffolving the body. CtdtAt,indieus , 'C(*J^faitbatbat the Negro Pigmies who dwell, !rfaoh hamtf * n t ^ 1G of India, who are faddle-nofed and 9g i? '‘ deformeyhhaye a veretrum fo great and longjthat it hangs down even unto their Ankles. Hmc de Nanis & Pygmais queer endum, cur majorem penem habeantl An quia ut fin p ft Ariftoteles, quemadmo- dum homo non habeas caudam, ilia materia in nates converf 2 Jit ; fimiliter materia^qu£ augment aioni fea- ture Nani non ell famulatafn penem tranfmutata fit. . But concerning thefe and other ((range cor- porall properties of Nations^ mentioned in this Slum Card, book, I wifh fome Commentator on Hippocrates' comment h Book De A ere, Aquis & locts, would arife, who AquU&lo!k! fup plying the Ioffe of the much defired Comment of Galen upon that Booke 5 might render fome account of thele matters. What Cardan in his Comment upon that Book hath done I can give’ no account, having never 3 after much enquiryj had the hap to meet with it. That women have been metamorphofed into men is not only confirmed by Pliny 3 and the credit of other, Skenck obferv orient Authors but of later times many examples are md.Ctbf. * to be found very evident in moderne Writers > and for. Kora.de mirae. all that / perceive , there are few that are willing to MaicDorm, 2 have it accounted a Fable . And the conceit is groun- md.Hift.mirab ded upon the Authorities of Ariftorle and Galen, Jdrio 0b /itqidfit which Anatomifis little approve of which is-> , that) ■Mag.mdannh Nature abates intends the Generation of the Male , but, if fie erre from her f cope, and cannot generate, .a ' ' Male. T be ArtificiaU Cbangling. 405 IX" 0 Males then Inngetb fhe forth the Female, which is the first and mo si fimple imperfeBion of a Male, which therefore the) call a Creature lame , occafionalls and accefjory, as if fhe were net of the Maine, hut made by the bye ; concluding the Woman or Female to he nothing elfe but an err our or aberration of Na- ture, whtch the Peripatetiques call nasxfaeit, by a Met ay, hor taken from T ravellers which mifj e of their ' way, and yet at length attaine their journies end ; yea, they proceedfurther, and fay, that the Female is a by- worke or prevarications yea, the first monfter in Na- ture, which is unworthily f aid of them, for the per- fection of all naturaU things is to be esteemed and me a- fured by the end : Now it is neceff ary that the woman fhould be foformedsor elfe Nature mufl have miff ed of her f copes becaufe fhe intended a perfeB Generation, which without a woman cannot be accomplished. But nowit is to be enquired how in terminis naturalibus it can be done t hat women fhould be turned into men, as the infinite examples of fuch Cafes feeme to proves which fince it is monfirom, we mu(l have recourfe to the caufes of Mongers , which happen by the errourof Nature, occafioneds either through thedif- ohedience of matters or debility of the Agent , and therefore they properly and mode fly enough define a Monger to be a certaine oblaelion of Nature. And that it is monfirom for women to be turned into men,is apparent by Ariftotles Definitions for that is mon- firous which is befide^ Nature, to wit, that Nature which for themd(lpart ts\ fir befides- that which al- iwaies and neceffary iss nothing is done, therefore . Monffrofity happens when any thing befides Nature ■ o k appearn in fbofe things which for the mo ft phi t are SySSL 406 Man T rantfom’d: O r, ^ one i but may alfo be done otherwise: wherefore face it is againft the order of Humane Nature^ that a wo- man fhould degenerate into a man , yet notwithflan- dmgit being mt impoffiile, that we call monftrou<> and it hath the fame caufe which other M'onfters ac- cording to Quality 5 Number yMagnitude, or Sci tuiti- on of Members, y wherefore for this reafonthe Lear- ned reduce the cauf ? of this Humane Meiamorphofis to the err our of the virtue Agent , and the aptitude of fuperfiuom matter, if this happened while every Animal! exified in Generation , it would cleare all doubts : But fmce it is done when the Animallis borne , how the virtue Formatrix can ejJeB it, is not safe to explainer but feemes a great Difficulty. There- fore Anatomies and Phyfitians fay, that the virile member in fuch women was from the firfl y ingenite , the Agent virtue working on ( uperfluom matter that forme upon it , but by fuch a Law of Nature that it cannot come forth untill fuch a determinate time y which ought not to feeme impoffible to any man y fmce we fee in Embrionspven in the mothers wombepT eeih formed y andyet lie hid until the appointed time of their extramiffion $ which is very true y and known by ocular Faith from the di fled ions of .Abortives and Infants Birth.Eufta* new-born y as many Anatomifis ajfirme.Theref me even £ ?} 1US d*$ en ~ as allT eeth have their be Annina of Generation in the &! mothers wcmbe , yet are concealed 3 nor come out per- il Ac. feB butinprogreffeof timey which yet is not definite and the fame with all. what then fhould hinder but that in a woman, a virile member made in the firfi forma- tion^ fhould in appointed TraB of time come forth per- feBj and be made manifefi, but that this change by extrufion of inbred or inverted members fjjould hap- pen The Artificial f l Changing. 4 pen after the time of Child- Lirth^ exceeds all pc/Jihili-mo tutu vi of belief ei yet Pontanus he ares vcitneff e of. a no- man n>ho after jhe had home a J on , attained by a mn~ dt re ^.lefi, derfull change unto the virile Sex , which be confirmee by the testimony of Antonius Colotius'Umbrus.- That Men fhouldbe transformed intoWomen u more rare, it having been no where ere found that a Male degenerated into a Female 2{ature, abhorring fuch a perverfe regrejfe from more perfedl to leffs , Indeed Licinius Mvlthnasreporteth, that be fan at Smyrna cued bj Wfo. a Boy changed into a Girle , but I think e Pkilofophers^ itili{ J ' 7 ‘ will no more regard his report than they do the Fidiions of Poets who have made deferiptions of fuch a needleffe Metamorphofis . As for that which Herodotus deli- Herodotus vers concerning the men of Scyrhia, evirated and Thalia, changed into a Feminine ejl ate , it is not to be under- food that the Majculine Sex was truly changed into the Feminine , but he ff cakes of a kind of difeafe which we e l few here Jh all have an occafion to touch at ^ for men then to lofe the appearance of their Virilities , and to have thofe parts tranflated into the apparance of the other Sex, is a thing not only rare , but impojftble in 2{j- ture, nnleffewe will imagine that the Female Patriarch of Greece 3 and Pope Joane of Rome, were the Sub- jells of fuch Metamorphofis . Nero ( indeed ) whom nothing in the ordinary courfe of Nature would fat is fie, by a mofl prodigious conceit attempted to make fuch 4 Monfler by Art , and would needs have a Boy of his , caUed Sporus, cut and made (-; for foot h) a woman, to whom he was folemnly married , which occasioned feme juflly to fay, that it had betnhappy for the Common- wealth if Domitius his Father had had no other but • fuch a wife j and verily none bitp /ucA a . Umfter of s I \ •’ ribh ' ' Men ?"m P ‘ b to' J 4°S ManTransfomdi Or, t?£T cou ^ Stvt tndtivurttlfi tSfuril 4 7 r*m]igur»ti- &T€b\6 cnof Man, That the DeviU, fur mfhcd with natural! Caufesypiajbj Divine ptrmrpon caufe feme aflat ant change of sexes is hot doubted of by the Learned, yet he can np way by the Nature of things convert a Man into a woman . much lejfe could Nero do it 9 who is cal- led by Jordanus, Bipedum nequiflfimus^^ wtckedtf man that ere went upon two Legs. lb I'JQ’ i a Jn ScE N E Tatted N«l* onsi tncu Scene XXII. Tailed Nations, Breech-Gallantry, andAbufersof that fart. Here u not a living Great are ex - ceding Men and ^Apes, bat is furnijhed with a Taile far the neceffary uft of their Bodies, 7 he reafon why man wants a T aile is rendrsdby Ariftotle j for that AlJfti * pa , u the aliment that fbeuld go tithe AnimrlM^ 7 aile was (pent upon his Buttocks, Thighs , and Legs , which are more flejhy and fall than the farts that anfwer them in other Creatures , and there was no necepty of a Taile in man, pace his Buttocks with their Corpulency afford a fuff dent covering , But the cbiefe Caufe of this difference is the upright fiature of man,, which is bis peculiar Prerogative, the yjipehss counterfeit^ a two-legged Animal, wants a Tail, and as a four e- footed, be bath no Buttocks. But although Man naturally wants a Taile, yet Paufanias reports of Nations that were furnifhed with Tailes, Neither is the report of our Kentifh Long-tailes a meere Fable » for, befides the Re, H h h 2 cords S*f to " e ' 410 Man Transform d: Or, cords of our Hnglifh Chronicles, there f re divers Neiremb.a.t. Authors that have regiftred the Originallof thi$- TJTinEwTp. Monftrb(ity ? whofe Relations amount to thrs^f- joan .major fe£t. \Vhen Auguftzne the Monke, being feptfr ora, Gregory the Great, came to preach the Gofpell un- Guiid.Nang, to the Englifh Nation, at Rochefier-, the V ulgar, in Gre^M** cJerilion qftheHq|y man, pin’d fithesiailes upon Ko?n. devivo. Garment, or, as Tome fay, thijew them at him; rmmirac . whereupon Auguftine prayed to God that their Children might be borne with Tailes,and it plea- fed God to. confirnie his Dp^lrine by inflicting this punifhment upon the P often ty of, that incre- dulous peopre ; fo that thefe Kentifh Long-tailes 1 proceeded not from the influence of Heaven, but from a miracle. And although Antonins Neirem- beygenfts thinkesthat this puniihm?ent endured but for a time? and that this Miracle is now ceafed, yet I am informed by an ingenious and honeft Gentleman of good worth} who profeffed that \ he had read in fome of our Chronicles, or other Author, whofe name he could not very wellre- membenthat there is at this day a Family in Kent-, who have to Surname the f name of a Village very neare Rochefter y whereof all that are descen- ded have a Taile, infomuch that you may know any one to be rightly defeended of that Family by having a Taile: Yet I muft fufpeft fometai- 'Dz\x\Qdifqu\f. ling in my friends-memory, becaufe I find in Del- rioj his difquifition of Magick, that the originall atagiMx 5.* of the Kentiih Long-tailes was after this manner, Thomas Sec ket Arch-Bifhop of 'Canterbury being indifgrace with Henry the Second, and riding through Stroud neare Roc heft er y the Inhabitants} to P ut The Artificiall Cbangling . 411 S(L Long * put an affront upon him, cut off his HorfesTaile, which ever fmce was entailed upon them> info- much as you may know a man of Stroudby his long Taile. And to make it a little more credi- ble, that the Rump-bone among bruitifh and ftrong-dockt Nations, doth often fproutout with luch an excrefcence, or beaftly emanation. I aht • informed by anhoneft young man of Captaine Morris Company, in Lieutenant Generali Iretons Regiment, that at CajjjeU in the County of Tippe- rary, in the Province of Munfler, in Carrick Pa- trick Church, feated on a hill or rockj ftormed by th‘e Lor dlnchequixe, and where there were neare feven hundred put to thefword, and none faved but the M ayors VV ife, and his Son • there were found among the flaine of the Trijh, when they Were dripped, divers that had Tailes neare a quarter of a yard long ; the Relator being very diffident of the truth of this Story ? after enquiry, was enfured of the certainty thereof by forty Souldiers that teftihed upon their oaths that they were eye- witneffes, being prefent at the A&ion. It is reported alfo, that in Spaine there is another Eufcfe, fuch tailed Nation. But that which gives great lejliiia ' ' reputation to the Narratives of Tailed Nations, is a Hiftory we have gained by the Coryvbatu of Ant ° n * Anatomy ; Dr Harvey, who m a learned lra& Dr Harvty ilk he lately publifhed, informes us, that a certaine de 6enn«u Chirurgion, an honeft man, and an Acquaintance of his, returning from the Eafl-Ind/es , declared . unto him upon his credit, that in the Mountanous & remote places from the Sea of the Ida ndBornea, at this day there is a certaine kind of tailed mem, Hhh 3 of- Taitg«lMofi« ft#rs e ylyffes AS4f, Monfl.Hifi* SchtnckM. shfervat. Aidrorand. e, 4,12 ManTrantformd :Os, oi which with Tome difficulty (for they inhabit the woods) they took a Virgin, whom he Taw* with a thick flefhy caile of a ipan longer* clunes refiexa , qua mum & pudenda operiehat ? ufque adt$ velari ea loca Natura loluit . We read alfo of; fome tailed Monften?andihat Nature fometimes hath fallen into fuch impediments that (he hath, been condrained to adde a taile to man, al- though iris well known, that a taile is not com- petent unto him. Aldrovandw exhibits a two- v headed Monfter which was mod .worthy , of admi- , ration in it, becaufe two fingers above the Podex it had a taile a palme long, which covered the vent of excrementsj as it is obferved to do tailed Qya- drupeds. This Taile about the beginning was of the breadth ©f the Eare finger? and afterwards, ended in a ftiarpe point.The Effigies of this Mon- ger Marim (Jalafiw the Neopolitane , a great Sear- cher out of baturall things in times pad? commu- nicated to the mod learned man vlyjjes Aldro - vandu*. Schenckw recites a flory of fuch another two- headed monder with the rudiment of a Poxes fo T&ile- Aldrovandw alfo exhibits the Effigies of an Infant with the Tail# of a fiih } fo that we might fing with Horace ? Befmitin pifeem mulier formofa f up erne. Yet the Verfe in verity would nctfquare with tins Monder? becaufe all the upper parts were ve* ry deformed. Schenckw alfo exhibits the defcrip- tiou-ofa little Child borne at CuHen-i Anno 1 597* who among other mondrous parts?in the poderh ©ur parts about the fundament boro a Sows hsl.j ’ Taile. T be ArtificiaU Changing. 413 I 0 .^' 18 Tailc. If any man defire to know the caufes why fometimes a Taile is monftruoufty added to'ahu- mane off-fpring 3 chefe eminencies of the skin are to be referred to abundant recrement, the virtue Forrrtatrix being valid. Among the Perfians , and other Nations of the Levant'; there are infinite fwarmes of Catamites or ! Sodomiticall Boyes> who make an unrighteous life of the Return Intejiinuwy to the foule fhame and difhonour of their Bodies. VVhich Contagion hath fpread both into the Eaft and W mfomuch as fome Countries have been almoft de- populated thereby,. and Laws have been made to reftraine that beaftly pra&ice, to which intent the Yard-Balsor Bcls of Pegu , Siam, and the Bra- mas were ( as fome fuppofe ) invented. V’afchw found the King of Quarequas houfe in- Pet,M*rc. fc&ed with moft abominable Leachery 5 for he Decad ‘*' found the Kings Brother,; and many other young men in womens apparrelly finooth and effemi- nately decked ; which by the report of fuchas dwelt about him he abu feds with prepofterous ve- nery : When F*afc hrn had given forty of thefe to his Dogs, 'when the people' heard of the fevc-re punifhment executed upon that filthy kind of men, they reformed to him, as it had been to Her - culest for refuge, by violence bringing with them all fuch as they knew to be infedted with that Pcftilence, fpitting in their faces* and crying out? to our men to take revenge of them, and rid them out of the wdrld from among men as con- tagious Bcafts. The ftinking abomination had not yet entned arnong^the’pcdple which was exer- csfal: cifed domy* revived” ^ M # to have little Feet j and for thiscaufe from their efiatto'f chin* Infancy athey bind up their Feet hard, which they endure patientlya for they that have the leaft: Feet are held the propereft women. But this cu- Home comes not only from their curiofity,but alfo from the jealoufie of men that have brought it in, to the end that they fhould not be able to go but with paine, and that going (lowly and with a bad grace, they fhould have no great dcfire to go out of their houfes : And this cuftome is fo anci- ent, and received in this Country, as it hath in a manner the force of a Law, fo thata that mother who fhould breake it in the breeding of their Daughters} fhould incur the Note of Infamy, and be punidied. In the great Cannes Kingdomeathe Gentry of a Sr j ob Min( j 5 woman is to have fmall Feeta and therefore as Travels } c.io6. foone as they are borne, they bind their feet fo (freight that they cannot wax halfe fo big as they fhould. 1 beletve this matter to mefimen mllfeemtfrodigi. tut and incredible j No man would ever have beleeved theft things before be faw them with his eyes ; nayjehat is it I fray you that feemeth not a wonder at the fir (l fight? bow many things are judged impofible before . they are ftene done and ejfebied ? and certes, to fieake Iii 2 a The natural! proportion of the Feet, Howell Eplft. 418 Man Transform'd: O r, atruth,the power of Art over Nature feemeth incredi- ble^ unltfle a man enter into a full con fideration of the prattle all force and efficacy thereof. The Spanifh women alfo are obferved ro have little Feet, but whether they ufe any Artifi.eto advance that beauty, I have not yet difeovered. This is Co remarkable in therm that whereas the vote of the Proverbe for a handfome woman, would have her Englifb to the Neck french to the Wafte 3 and Dutch below: an obferving Travel- ler addes, for hands and feet let her be Spanifh, for they have the lcaft of any. Men and women have the great efi Feet in proporti- on of all Creatures , yet Females ordinarily tn every kind have leffe and (tenderer feet than Males. Which Or- dinance of Nature , the affectation of thefe people , to their own difadvantage , hath extended beyond her in- tention. Man only by the advantage of thtfiraightnefft of bis Legs goeth upright, the proper ufe of the Foot being to walke, and the aftion ts walking, and there- fore the Foot is called Inftrumentum ambulatorium, ora walking fnflr ament j this walking is, when one Leg refleth upon the ground, and the other is brought about forward j the refling is the aftion of the Foot, properly fo called ; the reach forward, the aft ion of the Leg , and therefore an ambulation is made by flatten andmotion , that is, (landing, and proceeding, the Foot it felfe is the Inflrument of the former, and the whole Leg of the latter. 2{ow for afured, andconfiant,orflrmcflation } Man alone, (as he hath Palmes of his Hands )fo he on- ly hath broad flat Soles to his Feet ; and alfo for the accomplifhment of thofe many motions whereof we fl and in need, thsflrufture and figure of the Foot and Leg is T be Artificiall CbaneUw. 4 1 Odl 5 -ST’ we\ee,for it is divided into divers joints, and the Toes are made long and broads not fo long as in the hands , but only as was necejjary to faften the feet when we would ' f rive to run. Tor if the Toes be pref- fed unto the ground , it is ft range with how much frength and f ecurity the Lody is driven forward : for the T oes being bent, in the going are fastened upon the ground as fo many Anchors , and f) conmodioufly transfer our bodies ,' not only upon plain'e-, but o.lfo upon af tending and rugged places , as- we may olferve in thcfe who live upon mountain es, {our mount aines of Wales confirme this ) where they go barefoot 5 from whence we may colled:, f aith V aroiltiSj t'hatfhooes or any other induments of the Feet are beftdes JTature, and very 'prejudicial! to the action of the Toes and Feet : which Lycurgus the Lawgiver had refped un- Xenophon in to, when he forbid the Spartans to-be fjod, as that which in caf ? of' any military and civili activity, was a Serm, 4*. great hinderanceto the abhons of the Foot. Some have wondred why man in Comparifon of other Creatures is endued with very great Feet, not con ft dering that man , who only wal-keth upright, food in need of two great Feet to fuff eine the weight of his body. But the great wonder is, that man upon fo narrow foies of his feet fhould be kept upright and not fall j it being tru- ly admirable -j that fo vet fie and erect a body ,f ufeined with two props, to wit, h is Legs, whofe baft is fo narrow , as the lowef iranfverfe amplitude tif the Foot doth make, that- he fhould not for all them fide and fall,- but conff upon them, as we fee it happen in ■ other things, which are no better f u leined-tbetfrupon the fmaU bafts of two-Feef 5 which inf ooth Would blip- pen alfoin the body, unleffe by. the bene ft of Mufcles lit 3 the The irttonve- niencies of lictle Few* tTXM 4io Man Tramformd : O r, theFeet were retained, and directed fo fixttfkat not only when the body is erect and in equilibrioj but while it receads from it 5 inclines , and is carried into this and that parh yet it doth not fall $ as it happens un- to Infants new- borne, being yet weake and feeble, who for a while, untill their feet, that is, their Muf- cles and Tendones be confirmed 5 can neither ft and nor go. And we may obferve that thofe who have feet fhorter or fmalier than the proportion of their body re - quireth) (land very unfirmely-> as not fufficiently [up- ported by fo good a foundation, and in their progref- five motion they labour with an uncertaine footing. tVe call th of e [mail feet, which if they be compared with the body unto which they appertaine , or to other of the fame kind , and having the fame bulke , are de- fective, and lejje quantity of matter refs in them than in others of the fame ffiecies. For, that which failes in magnitude is called [malt, as that which in multitude few : fmall feet argue paucity of matter, and where 5 through this affeCled prohibition of growth, the matter of the Foot is lejje then naturally it ought to he, the virtue that was ordained to be in that matter cannot be fo vivid and effeCtuall j and if they by this Artifice be brought alfo to be narrowed in the foies, the parts mufi be more confufed,andfo not difiinR , not fb well articulate , and have fmall Toes, and there ap- peares nofoot-fep of bones or Tendons^which are more pleafant to lookeupon than ferviceable to that office to which they were appointed, which although they may he accounted delicate , yet are not (imply leautifuH, having lejje corporiety then is required to make the foot perfect according to Nature. And the foot being tmeof the extremes of the Body, wherein naturally. " '• : the The Artificial! Ch angling . 42 1 {££31 c* the virtue of Earth fhould prevails, a figne whereof there is, that almost all the extreme parts of Creatures , and which are Eeeh or fufleine the place of Feetj are harder than the remand that naturally , hecaufe they are to fuflaine the whole body , and theref ore they yield Uf e than the other partly whe-refore fence they r e fif- th ey remaine harder. The other extreme of the Dia- meter of the Body is the Head ) wherein the watery force is predominant , it being the receptacle of the braine which is cold and moift : whereas the fluid element exceeds in the Feet of women , which makes them fo [oft and inarticulate , and fomewhat un- flable. In India t here is reported to be a Nation that have feet of a Gubitlong, but the women have their feet fo fmall, that they are called flru- thio pedes , idefe. Sparrow footedj And indeed wo- nen generally Oave leffe and [tenderer feet :han men. In India be- yond Ganges here are a Nation called Sciopedes , that have feet bf a monUrous bigneffe, which when they lye down 4 Z - Man 7 ram form'd : Or, c l ovvr . |h the Sun, fcrvc-s them for umbrel/oest o fhade them from the Sun, being thence called 'S doped s from ?ua umbra, and **-W)es % Pet!. Apian. There are alio in Aft a a certaine kind of men cifmg.pmi. which arc called A/oaojieh, and of others Saope- Soiinjn Poiyfi. d& 3 which have but one Leg, which yet have a cap.is- wonderful! pernicitie in leaping : is ex- pounded uni cum cym habeas, a one-leg’d people. Sr joh. Mand. in Ethiope are fuch men as have but one Foot, T,tuiiy.ip yr. anc | p Q t | iac j t j s a g reat marvelfand it is a large Footj for 5 the lhadow thereof covercth the Body from Sun or Raine when they lye upon, their Backs 5 the fe people according unto Pliny are sthvg.kb.\6. not far from the Troglodites . St Auftin, witneffeth cap. 2. de civit. that the Effigies of thefe Nations were painted in a Table in the Forum of Carthage , neare the Porr. Petr.Apian. There are in a certaine Valley of themoun- Co J p tno £'P ars taine Imam , Or rather Tim am ( as Aldrozandm faith ) which Region is called Abarimon , certaine wild men who have their feet turned backward behind their legs, that are of wonderfull fwiftnes, that they, will out-run a Hare. In other parts of the Orientall ladies , although the defignation of their place is uncertaine 3 weheare of fuch a Na- tion who have eight toes. Vincenr .spec There is reported alfo to be another kind of H‘jusa.c.16. Womfcelli, or one-Legg’d people^ in fome places belonging to the Tartars , which fupplies us with another difference of mem who wander about fuftained by one only Leg and Foot, having alfo but one Arme ; Two of thefe men undergoethe office of an Archer : Whiles one holds the bow the The Artificiall Cbangling. 423 S!?*’™” 5 the other fhoots the Arrow ; and there is a won= derfull nimbleneffe obfcrved in them-. for they rim with fo great fwiftnelfe on their hand and foot, that they will out-run a Horfe 3 and when they have tyred their Arme 5 then they go only hopping with their foot. Many Legates and Nuncios of the Pope, fent unto the Tartars, in their Rela - viflcefiE tS tions affirme this to be true, and at laft Vincentm Hijtjib.y*, inferred it into his Hiftory. ■ T he Inhabitants of Guinea have long lcgsjbroa d feet,and long toes. The Men of Mgypt and Ethiopia have their feet crooked. St Austin makes mention of Men borne at Aug.iib.16Jt Hippowith feet fafhioned like a halfe moon, with civit.&ti. e.s < two Toes in each foot. Many of Canton and Quamfi Province have two nailes upon their little toes, as they have general- ly in Cachin China. Concerning thefe and feme other properties of Nati- lions , where I fufieil no Artifice , I am witling to fay with Pliny, T hat no wonder it is that afoul thefe Coafls, P lin.VeuHip* there fo found men and beafis of firange and wondrous lib ' 6 ' fhapes , eon fit dering the agility of the Suns fierie heat , fo firing and powerful! in thofe Countries , which is a - hie to frame Bodies artificially of fundry proportions , and to imprint and grave in them divers formes. Con - ctrning thefe Monfitrs which have farce the Figure of any certaine Species , and either are not humane , orSMg Encblr. partly humane,andpartly mixt of divers h S. hugu&me, with whom humbztd agrees, denies they fhall rife a- n. de civit. gaine j or, we are not ( faith he) to believe they fhall ap - ^^ventY 9 ' peare fo vitiated in the Refurretlion, but rather with a Kkk correfted Where they paint their Peer, 1 3 V Debit wide Thom. Aqnin, 4 .Con. gentiles tap. 89. Porch, pi/gr. a, lib. 9 . idmlfaj. 4^4 Man T ram form'd : O r, cOrre&tdand amended future, and their deformity (be it of what kmdfoever ) reet/led to the true Figure of 'a humane Fabric}', not that there fball any thing per ijh in the Body which was naturally in it, but only that which is deformed : God doing that which an Artifi- cer is rvont, who can dijfolve againe with fire a deformed Statue , whether it were made fo on purpofe, or by chance and the err our of Art , and introduce a more beauti- ful 'l Figure 5 So 5 that the (ante fubffance j had re- mains, the fir ft deformity abohfhed, for what was extant, txpreffrd , or wanting of foatneffe to that foule Figure, that he either cuts off, or fils up, or adds , that the difhontfly, flthineffe , illfavourtdneffe , or horri * bleneffe thereof may be removed : In like manner vet may juppofe it will be done in the Refarrt&itn ; for , thefe men from deformities cannot corfifl with the fu- ture felicity of the Saints ; the manner of rejl it ution we mujl leave to the Creator. But as for the deformed members of wicked men , which were polluted with (in, and made the Inffruments of iniquity, there is no rea- fonwhy this fhouldbe common with them, with Inno- cents, andtheheires of that life , but m the bodies of the damned full it tormented, fothey fha/l fufftrwith ' their deformities, yet there is no certainty, face nothing istxpreffely revealed in Scripture of this matter. In Landau Ilian d they have a cuftome to make the Nailes of their Feet red 5 this is the beauty of that Country, they make it wich the juyee and moiftufe of a certain^ Tree, and it endures as long as the Nailes, : The Abaffines alfo, colour, their Feetj which arebare, with fhe juice of areddifh-barke. The Virgins among the Cbirtbicbenfes ufeto The Artificial. Cbangling. 42,5 S' Where they affeft great : parts of the Calfes of their Legs and Thighs 1 ?* 1 iuigiis next the Knees, with Bottoms of yarne, and bind them hard, to the end that their Calfes p^ i8 ‘ ttyr<> and Legs might fwell bigger, and through this foolifh device they thinke they appcare finer to their Lovers, their other parts are naked. The Catbayans alfo, as it feemes, have the fame , foolifh affe&ation among them. S' rfw/fcly of TheMaids mCu- Times, val.i» mna go naked, wfiim s. Only they wcare 'llfoll ' LindCM.s. certain bands a- bout their knees, which they bind very hard, that their hipps and thighs may feem thick, which they efteem for a beauty. Helyn , in his Geogra- lliilllf 1MSF Helyn, G.eogr phy, faith, that they affc-ft to have very great Thighs; to effeft which they bind the parts below their knee very hard, ever their Childhood, which forces the bloud dnd ftU' mourstomove upwards. 1 : ' - h 1 ' The Spanijh women, and men, affect great Calfes and full Legs, and are much afhamcd if they be not by Nature or Art fo accommodkted; kftd Verily all the Spaniards that I ever fa w have Kkk a had Nations affe« Sing great Calf ea. trXVS 426 Man Trtmsformd: O r, had full hand- fome Legs, and the fhape of Spanifii Stock- ings fold upon our Exchange, whofc fhormdfe fpcakes them to have been made for women, feems to intimate that the women there, have great Legs and very little Feet. Yet a Spa- nifh Merchant, a friend of mine, tels me the rca- fon of the fmal- ! neffe of the feet of Spanifh filk Stockings is, that the Spaniard for the moft part cuts off the Foot of his blockings to foot them with Fuftian. This Nation feemes to he of an opinion fornewh at contrary to Momus, who mifliked the fafbion of the Leg of wan^ that the telly thereof or the Calfe , which was feated behind in a place out of danger , was fur- nifedfo with a defence offlefh , and the fan-bone ex- po fed to all encounters without any defence at alf^neier noting that the^Eyes were placed before, to fecure the Shins, whereas there was none behind to looke to the fafety of the Calfe. But one would think they were aware of that notion of Thyftognomy , which pronoun - ceth fine Legs, aim off destitute of fief) to be an argu- ment The Artificial 'l Gangling. 427 ST* *£ mnt efontprsmpt te-viwrj, m being a (ign ef a bin- ,h" thf other, dinow ?(ature t A fault commonly noted in women, for thofe whofe Legs of Jhankes areitane,and have little fiejh, they call them leachtrous and fhamefull whores, like unto G oates ; of which this caufe may perchance be cfligntd,for that the aliment is retained in the ufpyr parts, andpajfeth into Seed and (pirits, whereupon the Legs become fmall andleane , which is manifefl in them who want afoot , or by any other way become lame, for to thofe lower parts the aliment is not tranfmitted fo co- pi oufiy as before, all which per fins are therefore very leacherous . T here wets a Calfe- fw tiling pant jhment i, flitted upon Herberts Tra. thofe of ’Meliopore,^/^ men and women, for their n G „ ell ingratitude to st Thomas, martyred by them, Nei- rembergenfis cals them , a peculiar 2 fatten among the M.3Mdkms,whichfromaplaceofSl\\\onushivetheir' name, and called Pencays, and quejlions whether it be to be imputed to Nature or a Miracle. And on the Tribe of Benjamin, who were mofi fierce againfi our Saviour - 3 both which to this day have one leg as big again in the Calfe as the other, this doubled upon them in this humour would have been kindly accepted, and en- tertained for a fajhion. Yet in fome parts o\ America, it jhould feem, th y have a contrary affiliation, at leafi if / underfiand Appianus rightly jvhere he faith, San- Aetr.Applan; guinem quoque in Lumbis Be Tibiarum pulpis comminuunr. Mott free from any affiliation in that fffi' e ' m - part, are Neatberland women, who are well proporti- oned, efieci&lly in their Le?$ and Feet , Men and Wo- men only have Calves in their Legs, and their Legs fad of flejh i howbeit Pliny fates, be hath read in fonts writers that there was one man in fiLgy pt had no Calfe ~ Kkk S " at 1 1 - - ACHM-kgM ^ z g ManTramformd : O R, *sx\t at all to his Legs, hut was legged like a Crane. Tor- quato TafTo, in the companfon he maketh between Italy and France, reported to have noted , that the French commonly have more fpiny and jlender Legs than the Italian Gentlemen, and be tmputeth the caufe to the French mens contimiall riding and fitting on Horfeback 5 which is the very fame from which Sueto- nius draweth another cleane contrary conclufion, for he faiih^ Germanicus, who had very [malt Legs, badby the frequent ufe of this exercife, brought bis to be very big', bat he rid without Styrrups after meat, the hu- mors defending upon their pendulest tnH ability .But the Scythians by their continued and immoderate ufe of Morfemanfhip became the mofi impotent and Eunuch • . like men in the world, as Hippocrates affirmeth of them. For they being ill at cafe in their Legs and dips, by reafon of their continuall riding without fiirrups , their Legs abates hanging, thty become fubjeft to the Sciatica or Hip Gout, and when the Bifeafe grew firong they were lame, and their Hipps contrafted andcrampt ; whereupon, as if thty would exhibit e a medicine to the Head to restraint the Flux of the Phleagmc to the lower parts, they cut their veines be- hind the Bare, whereby (indeed) they cured themf elves , but became nnfruitfull and impotent. that they became impotent by cutting thofe drteries, ValJefius thinks, happened that the Braine was weakened, being \ deprived of the influftion of thevitall Spirits, where- fore it was no mar veil if they became float hfu ft, effemi- nate, and unable to fufiaine the jhock of Venus, or fuf- fiiiently toput out the vehement efforts of that aft, for, the Brain)? at that time is ’wont to t abour vehemently' :■ oVilft faith he perchance that Nerve is cut with the T be Artificial 1 Changling. 429 , A c " a L'° Heines y which Andreas V efaiius, a man mft expert m * 6= in difj eblion-, reports 5 be hath f ? en in many to descend from thejixt Conjugation of the Nerves of the Braine , into the Tefies andfeminary vejjels 5 of which opini- on before him Johannes Langius, a learned Phyfi- tian of Germany, feemes to have been of- while he writes that the .better portion of the Prolofque Seed flows down from the Braine and fiinall marrow by the Vanes and the Arteries of the Temple , the Parotides Veines behind the EareSjto the homes and the Semi- nary vejfelsi which appear es to befo , in that at the ef- fufton of the Seed, the Eyes twinckle 5 and that the Braine is dried with Copulation) whence it is , that hot., and fat humour being confumed in that con- gr effort) l eac herons men do fooner wax bald, where theL-gS) either by the lapfe of Nature , or by accident are lejj e than the naturall and decent proportion^ the Corrective part of Phjfique Juflly taketh place to en- creafe them to a due magnitude. Galen awards us a Gal. /ibf.dt method in this bufmeffe) where he fpeakes of the cor- Titen ^ their mothers , being foliciio'US) crave help of <- hirur- giont) who for the mo A part endeavour with divers Machins to 'ey eft and keep fir aight their Legs and Thighs* lui invainty becaufeof thernfelves } and the juffi accord of Nature) for the moll part about the time they are three orfoure ye ares old 3 their Legs and Muf- cles grow more frme and (frong> and the parts return to their natural! fate, pvhich over officious tender- FormiusRiver, nefj e of Parents , and difruA of Nature , is olferved Vide Fabr.aiy Aq.Peud.rff pealein thiscaje is made j eerily Nature is both carefull and able enough to main- tain the (Irength and fraightnejj of thofeColurnhes that are to fu- fieine the Body 5 impofing riG more weight uponthrm then they are able to beare without any durable pro" vans* o^aric anon* Man T rmfornid : O r , vane at ion. Man oftner by over- charging the Legs of growing Youth with toe early and unpt burdens 5 hath occaftoned this deformity. Hence it is that we com- monly know a Baker or a T aylor by his Legs, and as j owe of tbtfr mifhapen Legs have been called ( vari ) id eft, wry-legged , fo others vati and vatinii 3 id esr,. Mow- 1 ceded. Thcod, it Bry» The B raft le- ans dye their Thighs with a black colour, feeing off, tney leeme as if they were cloathed in fa- cerdotall bree- Furch.pi/^y. | 0 fib. i. thg Pro- of Car- dan dam, under the Great Chan Tartars jurif- di&ion 3 the men about aheir ^Tbe ArtificiaU Lb angling. 43 } their Legs make Feer * lifts', pricking #v i/X'vi the place with Needles , and putting therein a black indelia- ble tindure 5 and thefe lifts or markes are e- fteemed with them a great Gallantry. In Johns Town, the ^ ifon* womens legs are crooked. The women of Arupini al- moft all of them haltj which Eufebius Neirembergenfis think es to be afecretof Nature. The Inhabitants of Guineahave long Legs. In Taprobana and T artaria they are all fhort legged. Many have been deformed and disfigured Is their Feet? and thereupon it came that divers were firnamed Planetoid ^Flat-footed, phutich id eft. Splay-footed ; Scauri , id ej, with their Ex mm ] on( Ankles Handing over-much out ,PanJi,id efl, broad- T aeons t footed. But horrid and malignant Conformati- ons of Feet have appeared in divers men. There was a very old man called Marin , the upper parts of whole body was Humane, and the lower part Lila Equine^ ^onftrous dc- ^rmities of p eet. tn[X3 Pucerus l,$. cbwuCariotti-, Lyco&.tpm Cbronologo . Magius in mifcettmii. Voliteran. in Comment, urbz- nit. tycofthcnes. 434 Man 'Transform'd: O r 3 , Equine, for he was reported to have been borne with the feet of a Horie. Verily Plutarch , accord- ing to the mind of Ariftotle, hath published, that there was a maid, called Ontfcelis, borne of an Affe, who had only the feet of an A fie, there ft of her body appearing anfwerable to the hu- mane forme, by rcafon of the congrAfc of Ari- . (ItMymw Epbefim with an Alfe. Moreover Peucerw ’hath proclaimed, that in the reigneof Michael Peyptmcem , there was fuch an humane Infant come to light. And we have out of Ccelm Rbcdi- ginuh that at Syharis > from the congrelfe of a ShepLeard andayongKid or fhe- Goat, there pro- ceeded an Infant who had the Legs of a Goat. 1 Behdes, Anno 1493^ wench unmarried, brought forth a Humane Child with the legs and feet of a Dog: this monfter Cardan and Par am make menti- on of, but firft of all L)co(ibenes. A deformity not very differing from this, appeared in the yearc of our Lord 1 545. in acertaine Infant born at Aveig - 1 mon-> with the upper parts correfpondent tothe Humane forme 5 tire lower parts Canine, where-i fore Prancis King of Prance commanded the mo-i ther with her deformed iffuc to be burnt. In the, time of Pirn the third, Pope of Rome , there was ■ a monftrous Production not much differing from the former, born of a woman in Hetruei a compixf- fed by a dog 5 which therefore for expiation was carried to the high Bilhop of Rome. Other mom . itrifique births there have been deformed with j the feet of other Animals : For in G ermanj^ncan the Town of Lavpferburg^ in the Borders of the Helvetians upon the Rbine> Anno Dom. 1 i74.there • ; mti " ^ : ' ’ was The Artificiall Cb angling. 435 Monftcrs. was a boy borne with the feet of a Gocfe. Al- nidrovandu*. droiandw fpe£kes of an Hermaphroditicall Mon- ger with the Legs and Feet of an Eagle, all other pairts retaining the Humane forme, which per- chance becaufe it could not be taken, was Ihdt to dea'chwith Arrowes. In the yeare it 512. (a little before Ravenna was fackt ) there we re cruell wars in Italy : And in this Aldrovand. very Cit*} \ 1 mean Ravenna ) there was borne a Hifl.mnQ. ftra;ngeMonftcr, which did firike the beholders in- n dt t-x> great admiration, and caufed much wonder: He Had from the girdle upward all his whole body, face and head like unto a man, laving that he had one horn in his forehead, he wanted his Armes,but inftead thereof Nature had given him two wings like a Bat 5 he had figured in his Breafi: the Pytba- goricall ( Y ) and in his ftomack down to his belly a well formed Crofie or Crucifix, he was an Hermaphrodite, both thefe two naturall Sexes being in a very proportionable manner well and truly formed, he had no more but one thigh, and to it one Ic-g, with its foot like a Kites, and the ' tallonsanlwerable thereunto in the knotty part or locking-joirtof the Knee he had one only Eye. Thefe mon ft roil tics and unnaturall fhapes polfef- fed mens minds with extraordinary admiration ^ and thofc that were learned men and great Schol- ars, confidcring with thc-mfelves, that fuch mon- gers in nature were ufually prodigious, and did foretoken fome ftrange effedts, did beat their braines, andexerciletheftrengthof their wit, in the fpeculation and fearch of the fignification L 1 1 3 thereof, Nations with the feet of » Hoifc. Mon fitful. 37 * ifidor./.ii.c,3 Mel a./. 3. f. 3° Solm,M£.2i. Bin. 2 iibo 4 . 4,36 ManTramformd : O r, thereof, -and what this ft range monftcr might portend 3 amongft many other, that the home did lignifie pride and ambition ; the wings incon- ftancy and lightnefte 3 want of armcs, wants of good workes 3 the foot of that bird of Rapine, theft, ufury, and Avarice 3 the eye in the knee, af« - fedion to vanities and worldly things 5 the two Sexes, Sodomy, and beaftly filthinefle3 in all which vices Italy did then abound. For the which God did fcourge them with his whip of wars and diflentions, but the crofte and the Y were good and fortunate fignes: for the Y in the breaft did fignifie Vertue3 and the crofte on the belly, that if men (fupprefling their difhoncft: lufts of the flefh) fhould embrace vertue in their breafts,God would give them peace, fweeten his difpleafure, and abate his wrath. Somewhat the like monfter Aldrov&ndut exhi- ’ bits, faving that it had two feet, one whereof was like a mans, with an eye in the knee 5 and the left leg was fcaly and ended in the taile of a fifh. Ifidore writes plainly, that there is a Nation ’ which appeares with a humane body, and the feet of a Horfe. And Mela and Solinus do not feeme to doubt buc that there may be men with Horfes feet 3 for, Mela faith, that in the Iflands of Oon for it an- Mmffl fwers &hmy Dril*, of what Tribe, iaftameda in Ann with re - ponded The ArttficiaU Cbangling. funded Nofir il s j an Ape being calledSimi&y #0* ** fromimitatioKy as fome unskilfull Grammarians fup- pofe } but a hnaitate from this frnity of a [addle- like Nafe 5 and it is the opinion of Scaliger, that thefe kind of Apes, who have no Tailes approach neerer to the fimilitude of man than theft e that have T ailes, al- though they be almofi men both in manners and un- derfiandingy which he confefjeth he had often won- dr ed at. In Cinney and Binney there are innumerable ftore of thefe rational Bruits, and where they are, they go in h ear ds and companies, but are of two Societies : The Monkeys alwaies keepe by them- felves, and great and little as they are only of that kind cordon together, and even in Illands that lie within the River, they are as frequent as on the Maine, which condemnes the report is of them that they cannot fwim, and being in the wa- ter will drown prefently 5 lor, in my own know- ledge I can affirme, that having bought a Monkey of the Country people, who ufe to bring them unto us and fell them for poore things 3 being got loofe in my boat that rid in the middle of the Ri- ver, he leapt into the water to fwim on fhore, and being purfued by one of our men, who fwam after, he did dive under water diverfe and fundry times before he could recover him. But to * ^ fpeake of the Baboone* 3 I muft fay,ic is a wonder- tobetbe Drill ; full thing to oblerve a kind of Commonwealth endumthm that is amongft them 5 they have none but their a 7au ' own kind tpgether, and are in Heards of three or foure thoufahdTn a Company $ as they travell they go in ranke? whereof the Leaders are certain M m m 2 of ffef “ d 441 Man T ransfornid : O r, of the bigger fort, and there is as great and large of them as a Lion, the fmaller following, and ever now and then, as a Commander, a great one walkes ; the Females carry their young under their bellies, except fhe have two, and then one under, and the other above : In the reare comes up a great company of the biggeft fort,as a guard againft any purfuing enemy : and in this manner do they march along • they are very bold, and as we pane in the River, when we come neare their Troopes they will get up into the Trees and ftand in gaze upon us, and in a kind of collerick hu- mour, the great ones will fhake the trees, and with their hands clatter the boughs in that fafhion as it doth exceed. the ftrength of a man to do the like, barking and making a noife at us, as if they were much offended, and in this manner many times they will follow us along, and in the night time where we ride at an anchor, take up their Rands, or lodgings on the mountaine tops, or on the Trees that are above us, where we heare their government: for many times in the' night you (hall heare fuch a noife of many of their voices together, when inftantly one great voice exalts it felfe, and prc-fently all are hufh and the noife is dafht, fo as vve were wont to fay, Matter Con- ftable fpeakes 3 likewifc when we are afhorc, and meet with thefe Troupes, on a fudden the great ones will come forward, and feeme to grin in our faces, but offer up a gun and away they pack. One of our people one day as we came neare the fhore in our boat, and a troope of thefe (havers being gazingon us, made a (hot and kill'd one of them, 1 T be ArtificiaU Cbangling. 443 them, which before the boat could get on (hore ^ r e ° n w / hk£ the others had taken up betwixt them and carried quite away j but we have killed of them, which the Country people do much defire, and will eate of very heartily : wherein I hope never to take their part. And laftly, let me tell you, that we have feen, in the defart places where they ufe, Trees and Plants wound and made up together in that artificiall manner, and wrought together with that thickneffe over head to keep away the fun, and (bade the ground, which hath been fmoo- thed underneath, and all things in the manner and fhape of an excellent Arbour, which place they have only ufed and kept for their dancing and recreation 5 that no man living that fhould have come by chance and feen the fame, without the knowledge of thefe unlucky things,but would have confidently fuppofedit had and muft have been the handy-worke of man. And verily it is am ofi wonder full to conftder what r&tionallaft ions thefe kind of Creatures will do. Sea- Sca i; ger in liger,if feemes , was much taken up with the contempla- commmt.m tion of their man -likepreperties, for he hath made a verypleafant recitallof hisohfervations, whofe elegant c . 83 . txcrci- defeription of their manner s^dtferves the curious inqui - ftion of the Ingenious , and rvk&h Camerarius hath carocrarlu* thought worthy to be inferted into the Centuries of his mmcM.mti* memorable and wonder full fecrets of Nature 3 Thus as amoderne Poet unhappilyfingSy When men began to grow tsnHke the Gods, Apes grew to be like men — t: M m m 3 That Ssf 444 Man Transform'd: Or/ That fome Fifhes refemble men in their faces, hands, and other parts, is no Fable ; for fuch are not only recorded by the Ancients, but alfo have beenfcenby late Navigators. Levins faw none of them, yet relates, that an American filherman cut off the hand from one of thofeFifhes, which did offer to get into his boat, the hand had five diftind fingers like ours, and in his face he re- fembledaman. Scaliger writes, that one of thofe- Sea-men,or men-fifhes was feen by Hierom Lord 'of Noricum, which laid hold on the Cable of his Ship $ this ftory he related as a truth to Maximi- lian the Eraperour. Such a one was feen in the time of Auguftw , another in the time of Tiberius f 1 third under iVero.Thefe Fifhes were anciently cal- led T ritonS)Nereides&nd Sirens, Q ne of thofc Scali- ger faw at Parma, about the bigneCfe of a Child of two yeares old. It is written of the River Colban , plin. iEllanj i n the Kingdome of Cohin among the Indiana Theod. ©»za. that there are fome humane fhaped Fifhes there Trapezuncius. ca n e d cipp£-> which feed upon other fifhes, thefe hide themfelvcs in the water by day, but in the night time they come @ut upon the bankes, and by ftriking one flint againft another make fuch a light, that the Fifhes in the water being delighted with the fparkes,flock to the bankes, fo that the Cippce fall upon them and devoure them. But moft flrange is that we read of in the ftory of Harlem in HoUandiOut of whofe Lake was filhed a Sea- woman, which by a fpring-tide had been carried thither^when fhe was brought into the. Town, fhe fuffered her felfe to be cloathed, and to be fed with bread, milJfce, and other meats, fhe learned alfo Tbe ArtificiaU Cbangling. 445 alfo to fpin, to kneele before the Crucifix^ and m "Sen 'an/' toobey herMiftris,but (he could never be brought 1 temi-beafts. to fpeake, and fo remained for divers ycares dumbe. Indeed , the bodies of other Creatures are not capable of mansfoule , becaufe they are not of that Fabrick , tempered conftitution, if they were capable yet for want of ft Organs the foule could mt exercifeher affl- ons j as in this fory of the Sea»woman. And of Apu- leius, who could never be brought to fpeake or write. Nor are they men 3 although they have tbe outward fbapc 3 for it is not tbe matter nor outward Lineament , but tbe forme , that gives ejfence and denomination. Many w<»» 3 ^Pindarus, Plutarch, Pareusya»^^m 5 pi ut . t„r,b. reduce the caufes of thefe horrid deformities andtranf ™fc/f.an figurations of the humane forme to tbeprotnifcuem con - raua fttfenofthe feed of divers Species , whence femi-men and femi- beafis do often refult 3 w here fore they in a won- derful manner inveigh againfi men ^who neither fea. ring Cjed, nor the Laws 3 become fo fubjeSl to their lufl^ that they put no difference between themfelvts- and beafis j while fi they dare to mingle with them. Pliny where he fpcakes of the Hippocentaure which was borne in ThefTalie, and after it was dead, by the com- mand of Claudius C as far, was brought unto him out of Egypt embalmed in honey , feemes to favour this opi- nion j which opinion is more efiabiifhed , becaufe upon the differ (ing of Nations after the deluge , Lufi lafcivi » oujly running a debauched courfe , through very wicked- nejfe 3 the licentioufiieffe of inordinate concapifcence, in- troduced many deformities anddefoedatioos of the Hu- mane forme^ yet there are many of the Learned that cannot wholly embrace this opinion . Since it cannot be according ManTramformd : O ft,' According to the Doftrine of Ariftotle, that out of the permixticn of Creatures 'very difcrepant in Species, temperature , and gestation of the wombe, any iffue fhould refult : wherefore although it is confefjedfor a truth , that mongers want determinate caufes i becaufe they are e feeds not intended by Nature , but are only procreated by accident ; yet they are faine to havere - Arift.z.f£?i 4 o courfe to other natural! caufes. The Philofopher hath probtem.3ia*i l e fo upon record) that thef e monfrous depravations of the humane forme arefometimes occaftoned through corrupt feed , but by corrupt feed be doth not under- ft and feed altogether putrified, but only that wherein the virtue of the whole Species doth languijh , where- upon either the whole Foetus, or fome parts thereof are produced unlike to the Genitors $ /or, when the virtue Formatrix fnds the matter of the Foetus rightly di- fpcfedi then it procreates an iffue like to the Generator , if otherwif ? unlike ; beftdes thif->they fetch cauf rs from the Alimentary virtue , from hereditary difeafet) and from monftrous and deformed Parents , the narrownefs of the place net allowing roome for two feeds to dilate) for the forming of twofuc forcing them to a coahfcencr. but to omit all other vitious dijpofitions which corrupt the naturall principles defined to generation and conformation. Vehement imagination which pofjef- feth the greatefl force of hindering the matter of feed , is commonly the caufe of thefe monfroftieS) for even as it happens that a woman with child imprints the image of that fhe lo ngs for on the Child fhegoeth with , foitmay happen that a woman impleat with humane feed , if fhe afterwards lye with a -Dog) out of the affiduow cogitation andfeareof bringingforth a Dog) imprints the parts of a Dog upon the fruit in her womhe, The Artificiall dangling. 447 wombe, md then it u ml i6 be fad that the off- (firing Men } ' and^*®- 8 w ns product d from the Dogs feed pace tbm vmency eb fervid between the humane mi canine fad* ^lL\b Tet it it not dented that from divers Animate, fain* of a convenient nature and temperament , won fan may proceed, and in fuchmonfirifique Creatures, when thefadof the Malt (if it be a man ) is more vigorous in the fupernad parts of the foetus, then, the fuperivur parts refult unto a humane forme : and if the feed of the Bruit in theformature of the inferiour parts hath a valtd, operation, then the lower parts of the monffer become Belluine. It is verily a horrid thing to be Jfioke, that man, the Prince of dll Creatures , and which is more, created in the Image of God, fhould flagitioufy mingle with a Bruitip Copulation, fothat a Biformed breed , halfe men and halfe beajls are ingendred by the confuted of feed of divers species , of which there have come abominable and promt fcuous Creatures , to the hor- rid abafement and confufion of the humane forme, the ejfeff whereof , although it feme impcfible to Galen, yet to Baptifta Porta, who hath written of the ^Art Bapnfh Potia of getting Monflers, and hath (l range hiBories offnch * ‘ Magica na^ productions, it fe t mes not impofible, although diffi- fff nr ^, uifi suit, and he annexes h his reafons ^ yet in my opinion de fccretu n. 5 . Jacobus Rr:fFus^‘s^5 the be ft account of this cliff ad- j^ 0 ^* ty, who affirmes, that Bruit es may conceive by men, and rat. iiom» menhkewife by Bruits ; which he makes good by three reafons : faff, from natura'd appetite • fecondly, from Bauhin / ^ the provocation of nature, by defoliation j thirdly , by Hermopb/ad. the attractive virtue of the Matrix, which is alike both in Bruits and Men* Thtcurious and diffident may rHm , fndthematter of fad confirmed by many examples tn Delrio difquif, Bauhinus, Kornmannusy^Delrio, and therefore^ 2%n n if e Whether of a ?ran and a beafi: a true man may be so nr. E'jftb.Nel- rcmbei g, H(l« Natur there was a boy borne with three Feet and Vr0 ^ one Hand. AppiusClaudiuSy and PMeteduijQonfukfit Ami- i4m.tsdM 4 ternutpy there was a Boy borne with three Feet, all the other parts of his body rightly confti- tuted. Anno Domini 1552. I n England, not far from j aco b Rueffu. Oxford 3 there was a Girle borne with two Heads, ' foure armes and hands, with two Lees on one fide, and one on the other, fo that fhe ieemed to abound with three feet 5 See more examples of thefe Monftrofities in Scene 18. At Constantinople there was a Boy borne with Lyceft.tffr. f Diji re fe e t. prodlg. A me ■ kVr • P.Africanuh and cJfulviw Confuls, there was j mUbfeq^?' a Female child borne with foure feet. Rom-Mip, . Moreover, there have been little Children Lycoft. borne with foure feet. Before the yeare of our Redemption 1 62, there IdeKi was an Infant born, who had foure feet, and as ma- ny armes. In the 160 yeare before Chrifts Incarnation ldtm , there was an Infant borne, at C&re> with foure feet. Anno 132. yeares before the yeare of ourAidroyaaas Lord, there was a maid feen endued with foure Legs. Man when he firjl attempieih to gc 3 beingmt at ■ yet fufteined by reafon of hit make and feeble feeb is j equivocally called Qgadrupes, or a foure-footed N nn 2 Crea- Wither man can go lip- , iighr 3 if never is light, Plin./iK7. Gvid.Affto- tnoi’ph. Slim Util, Cicer.lib.ft de Legibus. 450 Man T ramfortrid : O r, Creature , and feme there have been found, who have not been injlrufled howto go, have gone on all foure, like foure- fooled Beafls, The mturall Hiflorian is much fcandaltzed at this Stepdamelike trick of Nature, that man jhculd befo unitwardly borne, that the frfl hope he conaiveth of his flrength, and t he frjl gift that Time ajfordcth him, makes him no better than foure footed Staffs, fl ow loni/2- who going after the manner of abeaft, begged m,iJ Aimes 5 but thecaufe of this way of incefte, was an evill conformation of his hips, which difabled him any way to erreft himfelfe. Such a one was he who was Surnamed Quadruyes? borne in the L ^ ^ time of Mauritius the Romane Emperour, be- J^a^o 'dZ] caufe his hands refembled feet, and went after this t*& that faies, he had fecn it, who reteined the Gimm.Hom. j u ft anc j perfe<5l: thape of all his body?thighs? and Legs, wanting only his feet. Nicholam Rocbem reports tohavefeene> Anno Domini 1 541. the eighth day of February in the Caftle.of St Amandin Al/tfer, in the Province of BurLon , an Infant borne of a woman well known* which from the Head to the Navell refembled the Image of a man, and afterwards in the place of Legs and Feet, there was a Taile fubftituted after the manner of Sirens ; which monfter lived an houre after the birth. Morever about the yearc of our Redemption 1552. at Vuidensbuch^ about a mile diftance from Sckleafwg-> there was a Mon- fter borne of a woman? having the Image of an Infant, but without Legs and feet, in whofe place there was a long pyramidicall point produced 5 which monfter was dipped in the Laver of Chri- ftians.Llpon which a Quaere might be raifed, whe- ther fuch horrid monfters ought to be baptized ? But this, as being not properly appertaining to our Defigne, we fhall wave it lor the prefent. This pyramidicall horrifique monfter Aldrcvan- dw makes mention of? which a Potters wife brought forth Anno Domini 1 5 5 < 5 . which from the Crown of the head to the Hyppochondries re- prefented the humane figure, yet with a promi- v nent mouth? a toroe afipeift, but from the Navell, leaving the figure of a man? it terminates in a pyramidall forme, refembling in the point, the fi- militude of a fows indexed taile, befides? about the Spine of the back another Effigies of a Navell ^ was -The Artificial! Ch angling. 453 ^ 0 ?!^% wasfeen, and it exhibited no Sex at all. feec dancing But the young Gaule is not to be paifed by, about cighteene yeares of age 3 altogether wanting the inferiour parts, whom all Bono- ^ I nia favv and admired. Anno Domini 1594. the was borne in the City Brifon , in the Ter- ritories of A venion , called by name, Catherine Mazz,tna, of a comely forme, and 27 inches and a Palme over inheighth, but wanting Hips and Legs, and confequently Feet, her Armes were perfectly formed, being longer than her breaft and trunke, the lower part of her body did in a manner appeare bifid, emulating the bottome of a Harpe ; Site fpake to purpofe j fung, plaid on a Lute, danced with her hands Spanifh, Mauritanian, Italian, and French das- cc-s, in like manner to the found of Mufique (lie fo compofed the Geftures ol her imperfed body 5 that they who had feene her afar off? would doabtleflely have la id, fne had danced with her Feet. And as to the endowments of the mindj there was nothing wanting to her which is granted by Nature to other men. Moreover fhe was endowed with both Sexes, yet (he drew nearer to a woman, and was more vigorous in that Sex , and therefore was rather called a woman than a man. A Idrordan - dys thinkes verily that this was the fame Mon- fler which was fhewed at Rome 1585, tor then this monftrifique Youth was eight yeares old} for he received Letters, that at that rime there was carried about Rome, a Virgin of eight yeares old to be feene} who from her originall wanted. A monitrous Virgin dan* ting without feet* Hofman Com mfnt.de afu puniu&Jhif. 454 MdnTrmfomd: O r, wanted her Thighs, Legs, an3 Feet> her other members being rightly conftituced. And this = it may be was the fame woman that ■ Hoffm * few at Rme> for the defeription of their proper- ties agree. SCENE The Artificiall Cb Angling. Embroidered skifts. i/xu SCENE XXIIIL Cruel! and fantatticall Inventions of MenpraBifed upon their Bodies in a fuppofed way of Bravery , and wicked praBices both of Men and Devils to alter and deforme the Humane Fabricke. He Inhabitants of Marigi , in the Eaft Indies , both men ^' T,fr3 and women paint and em 1 broider their skins with iron Pens , putting indeliable tin&ure thereinto. They of Surrt.Lant in dm?il _ the Eaft Indies, both men and women rale and «*. 4 . pincke over all their bodies, thinking themfelves thereby as fine as five-pence in a Ihowre of raine. , . | T hey of the C ape of L opo Gonf gives, both men p ‘ and women pincke their bodies in divers forts, O o o ft range Rems - Idem Mgr z, lib.f. idem totem* iifcmcsm. 45^ Man Transform'd : O r , ftrangc to be- hold ; whc rein they put certain greaie mixed with colour red, made of red wood , much lighter than Bra- Jilwood. ' In Can dot* Ifland, one of the Iilands accoun- ted to the chiete men and women have skin- prints, as a brave kind of Gallantry? they bruife Sanders and Camphor on very Imooth and (lick ftones, which they bring from the firme Land 5 and fometimes other forts of odoriferous wood? which after they compound with waters hilled with flowers, and over-fpread their bodies with this pafte, from the Girdle up- wards? adding many formes witlp their fingers, fuch as they imagine^ it is fomewhaf like cut and pinckt doublets, and of an excellent favour? it is a bravery much ufed to their Wives or Lemons, but they dare not bring them in thefe Pafte-gar- ments before the King, orincohisPallace. The Cookes here, it feemes, are their Tailors. The black people, or Caffares of the Land of Mofamlique, and all the Land of Ethiopia , and within the Land to the Cape of Bona Speranza, - fome The ArtificiallCbangling. 457 fome have all their bodies rafed and feared with irons, and all figured like rafed Satan, or Da- maske, wherein they take great pride, thinking there are no fairer people than they in all the world. The Great Gaga Calando King of Gagas } his bo- Purehas dy is carved and cut with fundry works, and eve - Ub *' ry day anointed with the fat of man 5 his body is alwaies painted red and white. So that you cannot fay but that he is cruell brave 5 nay^devillifhfrne / /or, whatfoever is doneb) abufe of Nature is diabolicall ; /or, as the right uf ? of the na- tural/ endowments of the bod y is from Ged 3 fo the abufe of them is from the Devil/. In the ^King- idempi^ dome of Bemi J&7* men and wo- men ufe to cut three ftreakes in their bodies on each fide, each ftreake being three fin- gers broad , which they do from > their fhouldersdown to their waftes, which they think e to be a great good deed, tending to their falvation. The Boyes of Siam paint themfelves with a Herbetcs fra* Ooo 2 Goeleftial ™ ls ’ 458 T ransfomd : O r, ihcr Jerkins* Lindfcoz. lib, eap.zi. Coelefliall colour from top to toe, and as an aug- mentation of beauty cutjgafh and pinck their na- ked skins) which in the Relators ( contrarymg their) opinion, rather breeds horrour than affe- ctation in any Traveller. The people of Cambaia and Sian^ that dwell up- upon the hils called Gueos , marke all their bodies with hot ironsj which they efteeme a freedomc. The Brajile- Undfeor* lib gj sms, fuch as would be ac- counted man- ly and flout, cut great fla- fhes in their breaflsj armes, and thighs , whereby they make the flefh. to rife, which they cover with a certain pow- der, and make them looke blacke^ which colour never goeth off during their livesj where- by, a far off, they fc-eme to have cut%leathcr. jerkins on their bodies, fuch as the Switzers ufe to weare* 1 very eafily fee how many of thefe relations will feeme horrible untruths^hut let them thinke that fuch. narrations which confift with the reafon of depraved nature^ are mt too fceptkally to be entertained $ for s becaufe I be Artificial! Cb angling. 4^SjJj’£?*' 4 lecauf eyou havefeen nofucb thing done to withdraw 'four belief e y is a figne of fingular pride and impu- dence : and he who concludes that thefe ad ions were done or not done in thefe places, according to his own fro ward opinion and ajjent , is halfe mad, and fit to begin a icy age to Anticyra. / eonfeJJe , writing of things that feeme fo fi range, a man had need walks with his Guides ■> which you fee I have orderly done . I have brought many witnefjes that give evidence point-blanck to my purpofe j / alleadge Authorities-) and have f aid nothing but what J lands with fomerea- fon> and is made good by the Relators , the burthen of the lye , if there be any , muds reft upon other mens fhoulders^and not on mine. The Br aft leans and Florideansfox the mo ft parts are painted o- ver the body, thearmesj and thighs 5 with faire branches, whofe pain- ting can never betakenaway, becaufe they are pricked wkhintheftefhs notwithftand - ingmany Bra - f leans do paint only their bo- dies, f without incifion) when they lift v 'and The Authey of ibe defcription i ofl'i ova Fran- oiayib.z. Lmdkaijib.ir * Negroes. 460 ManTramformd ; O r, this with the juice of a certaine fruitj which they call Gempat , which doth black fo much, that though they walh themfelves they cannot be dean in ten or twelve daics after. The BrpjH women, to make themfc-lves gallant; paint their bodies with the juyee of a certaine fruiti wherewith they remaine black, making in their bodies many white ftroakes, after thefafhi- on of round hofe> and other kind of garments ; iindfcor./it.i. their children prefently as foone as they are borne are painted with red and black colour. The Inhabitants that Sir Francis Drake found in 47 degrees, and 30 minutes 3 whofe Bay he cal- led Seale Bay, their whole bravery and fetting out Purch.Pi/jjy.4. lib, 7. them- The SrtificiaU Cb angling. themfelves kndcth in painting their b divers coloui, and fuch workes as they can devife. Some walla reir faces with lulphur,or fome fuch like fubftanc j fome paint their whole bodies black, leavin only their necks behind and before whites much Ice our Damofcls that weare their Squaress thei necks and breaks naked ; fome paint one ill older black, another white, and their tides and egs interchangeably with the fame colours, one ft! contrary to the other ; the black part h ath ' ' >n it white Moones, and the white part being the markes and charaders hey weare their haire very long 5 rouble them in their travell, they oil of Oftrich feathers, ufing the aire together for a Quiver for their Arrows, nd for a ftore-houfe, m which they carry the rr ft things which they carry about them; fome ol icm within thefe rolls Hick on either tide of the: heads ( forafigneef honour in their pc-rfons ) large and plaine feather, that ihewcth like her s alar off, lo that fuch a head upon a naked b< y (if devils do appearewith homes) might vcy nigh refemble devills. Yet they have fome ccr modify by painting their bo- dies, for the whidcaufe they ufc it (o generally j and that I gather o be the defence it yeeldetha- gainft the piercing nipping cold? for, the- co- lours being clofe la: upon the skin, or rather in the flcfh,as bv conruall renewing of thefe juyees which are laid on, t d loaked into the inner part thereof, doth fill up ne pores fo clofe, that no aire or cold can enter c make them once to fhrinke. They 4^i s with Black and white Gallant* Red and bfiefe Gallants . 1 Ddtio Difq mg. Pet, Mart. Decadi. *62 MdnTrmform'i'. O r. They have cleane, comely 5 and ftrong bodiesjthey are iwift of foot,and feeme very a&ive. Neither is any thing more lamentable ( in my judgement) than that fo goodly a people, and liv ely creatures of God, being fo wondcrfulftratableasthey are, fbould transforme themftlves into fuch diaboli- call appearance. And certainly they learne thefe fafhions of the grand Deformer who takes de- light to abufe mankind with horrible {Rapes and figures, fuch as he ufes toappearein, for as he can transforme himfelfe into an Angell of light, fo he can turne himfelfe into thefhapeof man, and affume and represent a thoufand figures, yet commonly, as Delrio well obierves, he, for the moll: partj appeares in thefhapeof a' deformed man 3 with fomejevident marke of horrid mon- ftrofity. The Chiribichetifes all dye themfclves with di- vers juyees of herbs, and he that feemeth moft idem Btcad.i , anc j ugly in our eyes, they judge him to be the moft neat and trim. The people of the Regions Tuia and Mai a in the Weft-/W/Vs ( who are of high and goodly ftature 3 well limbed and proportion’d) both men and women, that they may feeme more comely and beautifull, (as they take it ) they paint their bodies red and black with the juyee of certaine Apples 5 which they plant in their Gardens for the famepurpofe ; fome of them paint their whole bodies, (ome but part, and other fome draw the portraiture of herbs, flowers, and knots, every one as it feetnes beft unto his own phantafie. GnmR®n of The Inhabitants of St Croix of the Mount, their mmtrs, fome The Artificiall Cbangling. 4 63 We of them to feeme more terrible, paint their Gil * bodies. ^ ^ ’ U SaG\3 Thus we read of thofe kind of C&nibals that Puich, 7^4. are called Paries, that they paint themfelves with red and black. The Virginians (efpecially when they enter in- c ^ t STlithi to Battle)are painted, fome black, lbme red,fbme hift.of virg. white? and fome party coloured. In the Land of the Labourer, vulgarly called, rraniopez* De Labrador, both men and women, for ornament? G>aiora dt- paint thepnfelves with divers colours. In the Ifland of Dominica , in the W ^-Indies, the Salvage people go all naked, their skin co- ^ k * n - e,s loured vvitha reddifh Tawney, all very periona- ble and handfome flrong men. As for the Floridians ? the fore-part oi their Rjbjults dip. bodies and armes be painted with pretty devifed covetyofHo- workes of Azure, Red, and Black, fo weil?and fo rida * properly? as the beft Painter of Europe could not amend it 5 the women have their bodies painted with a certaine herb like unto Molfe? wherewith the Cedar trees, and all other Trees are cove- red. The people of Whitefands Illand paint them- r n f , * . i in a narration lelves with certaine roane colours. of new France. The Margafates in Brajilea paint themfelves with black ftreakes like the T 'artarians. The Inhabitants of the Iiland La Trir.idade Iidmeodem ^ paint their bodies red and black with colours made of the juyee of herbs? and the filthier it fhewetb, the fairer they efteeme it to be. The Romans did anciently paint their bodies 3 • with Vermilion fas Pliny faith) when they cn- P p p tred Mfts ,fb eaUc-d from their painted bra- Piiny lib. 6. 464 Man T ram form d ; O r, ired in triumph into Rome, and hcaddcthjthatthe V£ S^ Princes and great Lords of J& tlijpia made great account of that colour, wherewith they wholly painted themfelves red : the fame Author reciteth in another place, that the Anderes , Ma:hitf:^ McJ'ageles , and Hipporeens, people ol Lilian did plaiftc-r all their bodies over with red Chalke, This falhion didpaffeas far as to the North, and thereof is come the name given to the Ptfts, an ancient people of Scythia* who were called becaufe of the painting they ufed upon their na- ked bodies, which ( faith Hevodi&n ) they would not cover with any cloathing for feare to hide and darken the faire painting they had fet upon it, where were fet out Beads of all forts, and printed with Iron Inftru- ments, in fuch fort that it was impoilible to take them off: which they did (as Solin faith) even fromtheir infancy : in manner as the the Child did grow, fo did grow thofe fix- ed figures, even as the markes that V> The Artificiall Cbangling. 465 that arc graved upon young Pompions, The Poet Cl Audi an hath alfo given us many witneffes of this in his Panegjriques-) as when he fpeaketh of the Emperour Honorrn his Grand-father 3 I Re. leves Mauros , nec falfo nomine Pidtos Edomuit — — — And in the Gothick warre, — ferroque not at m 3 Perlegit exanimes Pidto moriente figure. Some thinkethat the Celtique Poiteveins , called by the Latines Pi Bones , though they be not defcen= ded of this race 3 yet had their name given them for the fame occaiion of that of the PiBs. And as cuftomes once brought in among a people are not loft but by the length of many Ages : So in Brunzwich theyiometimes greafe their faces with painting, and make their Vizage all black $ from whence perchance that word Bronzer may be de- rived, which fignifies in Picardy to black. And generally it is beleeved that all thofe Northerly people did ufe painting when they would make themfelves bravejfor the G elons & Agathyfes, Na- tions of Scythia , like the PiBs , were of this Frater- nity with Iron Inftruments did colour their bo- dies. WeEnglifh men likewife 3 then called Britons, by the faying of T ntullian, affedled the fame cru- ell bravery. The Goths ( beftdes the Iron Inftru- ments^-did ufe Vermilion to make their faces and bodies red. Briefely 3 it was a fport in old time, to fee f© many Anticks men and women: for there are found yet old py^pres which in the Virginia Ppp 2 Hifk>r\j MoteGalliatft of die fame Fraternity.' l^XNS. lobj.n. Bohem, de ric. gent. Terr, de ve- Itsnd.virg. JornanJ. de hello Go'.'uo. Ifidor. lib, A, caw. 1 4 . 5 6 Man 7 rans form'd : O r 5 It [..A J J Palming with falre incifions, of our Auncc Hiitory you may find) cut in brafife. where the o/jfo'vd 0t Sexcs arc P aintei with their faireincilions, as Htndian deferibeth them. So tnat you fee this humour of painting hath been general! in thefe parts: There being no caufeof mocking, it the Indians have dene, and vet do the like.By which things above recited, wen;ay know that this hither world hath anciently been as much deformed and favage as anv of the Indian and may come about to the fame 'point of cuticu- lar bravery. Why fome men, and they a mighty and confi- derablepart of mankind, fhouldfirft acquire and ftill retaine the gloflfe and tinfture of blackneffe they, T be Artificial! Cbangling. they who have ftridly enquired into the cauffe became Black have found no lelfe darkencfTe in it,than blacknefs • in the cfhd it felfe, there arifing unto examinati- on no fuch fatisfadory and unquarrellable rea- fons as may conhrrrie the caufes generally recei- ved, which are but two in number, that is, the heat and the fcorch of the Sun, or the curfe of God onC/;/iwand his Pofterity. That the moft 1 com- mon imputation to the heat of the Sun inthofe Climates isfalfe, is approved by a moft unanfwe- rable argument ; lor, there are fome Nations of this colour, although the Pole Antartique in that place be in the elevation of thirty and five degrees, which is a very ftrange thing- yea, the rude people that live among the moil cold Mountaincs of the Moone are black alfo, as pigafetta relates. That Neither of thefe is the caufe, the learned Enqui- rer into vulgar Errours hath evinced, or at leak made dubious j yet how and when this tindure began it was yet a riddle unto him , and po- fitively to determine, it lurpalfed his prefumption: feeing therefore, faith hcvve cannot certainly dif- covcr what did c-ffed it, it may afford fome piece of fatisfadion to know what might procure it. It may therefore be confidered, whether the in- ward ufe of certaine waters, orfountaincs of pe- culiar operations, might not at firft produce the effed, finceof the like we have records in Hifbo- Dr Brownes ry. Secondly, it may be propounded, whether it ScSr* might not fall out the fame way that Jacois Cat-f^xo, tie became fpeckled, fpotted, and ring-flreaked, that is, by the power and efficacy of imagination, which produceth effeds in the conception, cor- P p p 3 refpondent ^\ r :K™4.<58 ManTr am form'd: O r, MtW«Iourt refpondent to the phantfie of the Agent's in gene- ration, and fometimes affimilates theidea of the Generator, into a reality in the thing ingendred, whereof there paffe for current many undifputa- ble examples. Thirdly, it is not undifputablc whether it might not proceed from fuch a caufe, and the like foundation of TinCture as doth the black- jaundies, which meeting with congenerous caufes, might fettle durable inquinations, and ad- vance their generations unto that hue which was naturally before, but a degree or two below it. I And this tranfiniftion we fhall the eafier admit in ! colour, if we remember the like hath been effected in organicall parts or figures, the Symetry where- of being cafually 5 orpurpofely perverted, hath vigouroufly delcendea to their Pofterities 5 and that in durable deformities. This was the begin- ning of Macrocepbali, or people with long heads. Thus have the Chinefes little feet, moft Negroes great Lips, and flat-Nofes 5 and thus many Spa- niards, and Mediterranean Inhabitants, which are of the Race of Barbary- Moores (although after frequent commixture)have not worn out the Ca- moyfe Nofe unto this day. To omit ( therefore ) the other conje&ures of our ingenious Author, we fhall take leave in the Tenour of his own words to fay, that it may be the feed of Adam might firft receive this tinCture, and became black by an advenient and artificiall way of denigrati- on which at firft was a meere affectation arifing | from fome conceit they might have of the beauty [ of blaekneffe, and an Apifh defire which might r move them to change the complexion of their . bodies* 7 be ArtifidaU Cbangling. 46 9 1 bodies into a new and more fafhionable bue 3 Br ^V \3 which will appeare fomcwhat more probable by divers affedations of painting in other Nati- ons, mentioned in this Treatifej. and that they take fo much content therein, that they efieeme deformity by other colours, defcribing the Devill, and terrible objeds white, for they thinke and ve- rily perfwade themfelves that they are the right colour of men, and that we have a falfe and coun- terfeit colour : And fo from this Artifice the Moores might poffibly become Negroes , receiving atramenticious impreffion, by the power and effi- cacy of imagination. And this complexion, firft by Art acquired, might be evidently maintained by generation, and by the tindure of the skin, as a fpermaticall part traduced from Father to Son. For thus perhaps this which at the begin- ning of this Complexion was an artificial! device, and thence induced by imagination, having once impregnated the figed, found afterwards concur- rent produdions, which were continued by Climes, whofe conftitution advantaged the arti- ficiallinto a naturall impreffion. I confeffe Phrj fpeakes of the Anders Mathi - PUn.Nat.bip t£, Mefagebesi and Hippore^ who being all over iib.6* olack, and it feemc-s difliking that colour, do :hercfore colour and paint their bodies with a kind of red Chalke, or rudle called Rubric a* The Inhabitants of Florida are of a colour, like GrImft(9n 0 f Brahe, the reafon is, for chat* they annoinrthem- their manners. elves with a certain e ointment, which feconded by the heat of the Sun proves effeduall to their lefign, notwithftanding that they are borne more vhite. " .The Nations that affeft the plu> range of Birds. Lord Bacons nat.bifl'Cenl.i. Mxdd.Travels cap, 87 . Pet.Marc. Dccad.S . 47 o Man T raw form'd : O r. The great advancer of Learning well obferves, that generally Barbarous people chat go naked, do not only paint themfelves, but they pounce and race their skin that the painting may not be- taken off j So that it feemes men would have the colour of birds Feathers? if they could tell how, or at leaf! they will have gay skins inftead of gay cloaths. But their airy affedfation hath mounted higher, even to enjoy the very fubftantiall plu- ; mage of Birds. For in an Iile neare the I fie cal- led ^ Pitan, the people are feathered all but the 1 face and palmes of their hands. The Chirili- chenfians wafh themfelves eve- ry day, and for elegancy and neatneffe, for the moft part, they annoint themfelveswith acertaineflimy ointment, and putting the fea- thers of birds thereon, they cover all their body.The Spa- nish chiefe Ju- ftices bring bavvdes or Ma- gicians forth of the prifon after this manner to the publique view of men, in reproach forpunifh- ment The ArtificiallCbangling. 471^™* meat for their hainous crimes committed. In the Ifland called 7/y,the Inhabitants, who Munft Co ^ go naked, not only paint their bodies with divers j vovar'infutt colours, but they adorne them with divers Fea- d ^ r ^ f% thers of Birds. The Brafi leans have many hens like unto ours, . from which they pull the fmall white Feathersj m C0? ‘"" Sj which with Irons they hack and make foft, which done they annoint their bodies with gum and ftrew the feathers therein. The Cumanans alfo drelfe themfelves withfea- thers as the Brafileans do, which my Author faith is no ill fight. Laet faies,that upon feftivail daies they Laet .dtfaipt. dawbe their skins over with a tenatious glew, and mvierUccL then befeather themfelves with the fmall plumage of divers little birds, infomuch as they lookby that emulation,like unto birds, whereby they look like new hatched birds, wherof this opinion hath rifen of fome men that have firfi: gone intothofe Coun- tries and feen them thus dreued after this manner that they were fo by Nature : Which puts me in mind what Aulm Gettiw cites out of ancient Au- thors, to wit 5 that there are certain men whofe bo- dies are not rough with hair, but plumed after the manner of birds. However the pra&ice of thefe Nations have marred platoes definition of man, that he was Animal hipes implume> and hath made good the unhappy Irony of the Peripatelicks , who threw a live -Cock ftript of his feathers into his fchool,faying,this is Plato's man, for in thefeCoun- tries Plato’s definition would be more adequate to cocks and hens than to men & women$ yet if thefe Nations were ftripped of their borrowed feathers, , Q,qq wherein H 6^S“ 47 2 Man T rans form'd : O &, wherein they pride themfelves, they would looke fomewhat like JEfops jay, of whom the Poet, ■ — Move at ccrmeula rfum, Vjrr twit nudata color ikus — — » In the Province of 'Morejhogoro , the Inhabitants ^ eC joGui ^ iave a ru ^ c s hm 5 like unto bufie- leather, of which v “ F&e “kind there be many in thofe parts ol Guiana, but is fuppofed to proceed from force infirmity of body. Pliny, Sclirlur , and Lycojlhenrs make mention of many hairy Nations, for there are divers Nati- ana ons which are deformed with Haire growing all Sr jsh.Mand. over their bodies. cajKi 7 >* Sir John Man dev ill deferibes • a certainlfland, J the Inhabitants whereof have all their parts, except their faceand palmes of their hands covered over with haire. Pi- gafetta hath de- scribed hairy men in the I (land But bream who are fierce and men-eaters. per, Mart, vs. In the Pro- vince Guacaia - rina there are alfo fuch wild men"; A portion of the skin of fuch a lavage, a cemine S arm at i an fent unto vlijjes Aldrovandm ? and The ArtificiaB Cbangling. 475 w £/ x\j and is kept in the Muf thatCofmogra- phcrs, who have defcribed the whole world, make no where mention of them, when yet not” withftanding they have not omitted the vyildeft people, the Amazons, Canibals, and Americans, Qjq q 2 and The^iufe o£ pilofiiy. Dsn.4. lord Bacons noti bifi-ecni.j. trp.6%0. 4.74 Man Transform d: O r, and others which go naked, and yet are not hairy, and thofe haires that naturally breake forth, they pluck forth and eradicate. It is obfervable (and makes to ourpurpofej that favage men are more hairy than thofe that arecivill, degenerating by their Bruitifh kind of life into the nature and refemblance of bcafts,who are more hairy than men: Befides the generall examples of all barbarous Nations, we have a particular demonft ration of this Bruitifh Meta- morphofis in the transformation of NeLuchadnez- £cr,and more lately intheflorie of Ubn ol Leiden , mentioned by Sir K. Digly in his Treatifeof the foulc.The caufe of the natural fmoothnels in men, is notfas myL .Bacon noteth)any abundance of heat and moifture^ though that indeed caufeth piloiitv; but there is requifue to pilofity, not fo much heat and moifture, as excrementitious heat Sc moifture; for, whatfoever aifimilateth, goethnot into the haire, and excrementitious moifture aboundeth moft in Beafts, and Men that are more favage. The head indeed of man hath haire upon the firft birth, which no other part of the body hath; The caufe may be want of perfpiration • for, much of the matter of haire in the other parts of the body, gocth forth by infenfible perfpiration. And befides, the Skull, being of a more folid fub- ftance, nourifheth, and aifimilateth leffe and ex- cerneth more, and fo likewife doth the Chin 5 we fee alfo that haire commeth not upon the Palmes of the Hands, nor Soles of the Feet, which are parts more perfpirable. And Children likewife are not hairy, For that their skins are more perfpirable. Many T be Artifictall Cbangling . 475S £* a Many have been born abounding with (bagged |jJJ t r e c T spaniel. haire?alrnoft like unto water-Spaniels ; we read firft oiEfau, that he wasthefirftof this Tribe j G4n . caPi27 . and Majolus recites a ftory? that in the Town of Ma joins in pifa, named Petrofanffa, there was borne? of a Collo ^ m ' fmooth woman? a Virgin covered all over with long haire, whofe image Aldrovandw hath ex- hibited? the caufeof which effe 61 Authors refer to the Pidureof St Iohn Bapti fl, painted after the ufuall manner cloathed in Camels haire, whofe image hanging in her Chamber the mother had wifhtly beheld. All rugged with haire, having pawes like a Beare, was that Infant which was borne 1282. of an illuftrious Matron, Martin the fourth being then Pope of Rome , by whofe command all the Pidures of Beares? which were found in that La- dies houfe, were blotted out and defaced? a mani- feft argument of the received imagination of the Effigies of the Beares, in Conception. Ptucerm^, ^ feemes to conhrrne this produdion by another “ fuchlike cafe? ded aring, that A/tuu 1 545). he law a Child covered over with a Beares skin j More- over Co/^w^confeffieth, that he faw a certaine Columbia. Spasiard befet with long haires in all parts of his body? except his hands and Face. Scaliger remem- bers a certaine little Spaniard covered with white C " haires, which he reports to have been brought out of India, or to have been borne of Indian I.ycoflh?nes. Parents in S paine. Alfo Henry the fecond,King of Bofcius. Fraxce&t Paris , caufed a young man? who was no Me hairy than a Dog, to be inftruded and bred up a Scholler. And of late in the Pallace of the ' Q-Sl ^ 3 Duke SSEg* 47 6 ManTransform'd: O r, h °™* hkcSl ' .Duke of Parma there were hairy men kept, who were brought from other parts, to wit, as Icon- P! * teriJS in ceive, from France ; for Platerwowho dcnieth that h[°! mt ' c "there beany hairyNations,yet alloweth that there are many of both Sexes more hairy than others, confeffeth that he faw at Brafil, Anno 1583 /being then to be tranlported into Italy ) the Children of this hairy man begotten of a fmooth woman, to wit? a boy of nine yeares, and a girleof feven yeares old, who together with their mother had been fent into Flanders to the Duke of Parma. p ircb, Pilgr.x. In the Hland of lamuli^ the Inhabitants, who lib. 1. ’ exceed us foure Cubits in ftature, and the holes w ^°^ e eares are rauc ^ w id er than ours, winde Geor. Draud. their bones this way and that way, as they pleafe, com. \n Solin. li^ e finewes ; fo do the Nairoes alfo. Maginw hidfTorifnt?' and Mdjfdut both fay, that after their feventh Maffxus bifit yeare they are prepared to an incredible agility mdjib.v and dexterity, by often annointing their whole body with the oyle Sefamunh whereby their nerves and bones are fo fupplcd and relaxed, that The Author of they can eafily winde and turne their bedie, and at pleafure.bow it to what part they pleafe; after- - wards they accuftome themfelves with all care and diligence in corporall cxercifcs, andlearne nimbly to handle their Armes. And the Author the dtfcript.lf of the description of Nova Francis faies, that Nova Franci*thefe Nobles and Warriours of the 9 Malabars^ lib.i cap‘io. xhc Nairoes) to make themfelves fuch, they help Nature, and their (inewes are ftretched out even from feven veares of Age, which afterwards are ointed and rubbed with the oileof Sefamum , rich makes them handle fo well their bodies at will T be ArtificiaU Cbangling. 477 make maids will 5 that they fecme to have no bones; Schencki- w thinkes without doubt they have nervous Schen& obftn bones: Yet they who fhculd fee our Yunamhult and Tumblers, who have been brought up from their youth to their feats of a&ivity, would think as much of them, whom we have feen to twift and winde their bodies very ftrajigely, as if they had no bones. The Mangonel that they might make their Hier.Merc.* bodies more fat for fale, were wont to whip their d “°™ tio ” e >4. buttocks and loines with rods, and fo by degrees ■ make them more hefhy, which is noted by Galen as no contemptible ftratagem to attract the nou- rifhment to the outward parts. And there be na- tions out of the Tropic ks-, who by exercile and Art, come to fuch Among the Venetians , the maids,whenthey are to be cou- pled in marri- age , they are kept very dain- tily, to the end they may be- come more fat, well- liking, 8 c in good plight, they ufediflit wheat with milke, they . fleepe longer in the day time, they iive very icileiy clofe cooped up, that at length they may grow fat as crarrid Capons 5 therefore they teed upon un&uous Sof bXr 47 8 Man T raw form'd : O k] fat, °‘ Q un&uous and fweet meacs } that they may more t/I\J daintily , and with a more trim grace be de- dicated to their Bridegroome. This Artifice is ti- led to accommodate the Phanfie of the men of that Nation ; for, the Italians defire to have their women thick? well fet? and plumpe. The contra- ry to which is pra&ifed by the Spanish women ; for the Spaniard loves a wench that is leane the German prefers one that is ftrong? the Trench one that is foft, delicate, and tender, the Indians a black one ; we commonly judge that woman to be beautifull which is of a whitecomplexion, and foft and tender ; cleane contrary to the judgement of Galen , who faies, that thofe are the fignes of a falfe and counterfeit beauty, and that true and na- tive beauty confifts in the juft compofure and fy- metry of the parts of the body, a due proporti- on of flefhj and the goodnefte of the Colour. T urpis Romano Belqicm ore color , But the Venetian Dames have the harder taske to pleafe: For, all bodies may be made leane, but it is impoflible to fatten where a vehement heat or drinefs is by naturejfor one may eafilyfubftraft: from Nature, but to adde to Nature is dilfi cult? when vertue doth not cooperate : among the reft? they who have greatLivers are very difficultly im- proved withftcfh. All other Creatures, if they have fufficient and proper food, will grow fat and befranked, whereas men, although they have the beft aliment exhibited to them, will not in like manner be fat 5 the chiefe caufe whereof, as to man, is imputed to his temperament j but there are three caufes found which impedes the * ' " fatting The ArtiftcUU CbangUng. fatting of man : The firft is, the great va; a rm^orpulcn^, sf wherein great eftcemr. _ rwixvty ai»». n/^S\<3 diflimllitude of meat, to which appertaines, that ^ " many men obferve not a certain^ time of renafh whence there arifeth unequall conco&ions j the other caufe is immoderate venery, or venerious cogitations 5 but the third, and chiefeft caufe, is to be attributed to the follicicous cares of his mind, which dry his very bones* The G or dianSi when they appoint one to be Brufon Facet. their Chiefe, they chufe one of themoft corpu- & Exe ' ft P l -i‘ 7 ° lent amongft them 5 for corpulency with them, contrary to the opinion of Epaminondas the The- ban , is held a corporall vertue, whereas he could not endure a corpulent Souldier, faying, that three or foure fhields would not fuffice to cover his belly, who had not a long time feene the wit- nefies of his own Virility. The Goths would not ele& any man to be their King except he were tall, grolfe, and very corpu- lent. On the contrary, the Saracens would have no King to command over them, except he were little, leane, and low of ftature. Opinions, al- though oppofite, yet well confidered, neither fide may be void of reafon. Reafons pro and con you The Author of may find in the Treafury of Times , which are to o tbeTyea f ur y °f 1 J 1 • r J Tines, vol.i. long here to mfert. - lib.^cap. i 7 . ; The ancient Gaules , through their aiiiduous la- jo.BoheaWe bour and exercife, were all leane and fpare bo- died, and their bellies very little fci out, for they did fo abhor a paunch, that young men whofe bel- lies exceeded the meafure of their Girdles were publikely punifhed. Marcus Aurelius was wont to fay, that hogs and R r r horfes, 480 Man jf raniformd : U r, horfes fameffe did well become them, but that it Was more commendable in men to be lcane and {lender ; for that your groffe men are commonly groffe witted, bciides 5 they have a filthy wallow- ing gate y they are unfit to fight, either for thern- feives, or their friends, they arc a kind of un- vveildylump, an unprofitable maffe of-flefb and bone, being not able to ufe any manly cxcrcife, whereas we fee it is quite otherwife in thofe that are lcane and not laden with fat. PliiuMit. nifl. lib ,1 1 'Cap. 37- Many fuch monftrous fat and groffe men have appeared in the world. It is wonderful! what Pliny doth report how Lu- cim Ap, oniv , fo me times Con- ful of Rome , had a Son fofar, that he could not go, fo heavy was he loaden with greafe,infomuch that they were faine to take home of his greafe forth of his body, and fo difeharged him- felfe of that immovable burden, and become ligh- 3oan. Vafaeus,ter, Vafeem delivers a fiery of a King of Spaine , the Son of Rtmimir ^and the Father of Ordonm the hebro.Hiftt The Artificiall Cbangling. 481 “”| trous £ “ the third, who from the weight of lard where- with he was oppreffed was called Crafjw , who was more fafely cured. He being impatient of his Load of fatj when he had left nothing unntsidc that might give him cafe, by advice of Gant as King of Navar , making a peace with Alder amen, he went to Miramolinm King of Corduba^ and was honourably entertained by him, among the ex- Mar penments of Phyfitians, whereof there was great dtmdp'P™' itore at Abderamen , he was cured by the virtue of wirab. a certaine herbe. Yet we read in Cardan of a cer- Cardan, ds taine King of Spaine to have perifhed, by attemp- di ting to procure a depofition of his fat, by the ufe of a certaine herbe, which Cardan faies 3 was cal- led Birds-tongue. There is a ftory in Athenrem of Atbeaarut /, a. Dionjfm the over-fat Tyrant of the Heracleots> v] M°l t} " who was deteined with fo profound a Deep, that they v could not awake him but by pricking him with needles ; which by the counfell of his Phyfiti- ans he had made for this purpofe of divers lengths, according to the thicknefte of his body. Mlian Mhn.var.bil. faies, this fon of Clear chus was fo iat that he could ltb -9: ca P- f 5* fcarce breathc 5 that the Phyfitians thought of this ft ratagem to confume his fat, although others fay, he was cured by the ufe of Leeches applied to his whole body ; but Mercurialis takes thefe for Mercurial, lib. metre trifles 5 and that thefe helps were vaine and de Dao ^ M ' : ‘ fupervacaneous. Fallopiut writes, that he faw the Gabr. Failop; skin fo incraftated in a very fat man, that he loft ll ^ e ® tc0lAU his fenfe by reafon of the overmuch impadtion of ‘ ' the Nerves. Tulvim fpeakes of a Boy brought out Tu Jp !US °^ r * 01 G elders and put into a ballance at Aw(terdam-> who weighed a hundred and fifty pounds* for he Rrr s was ^JtFolkcfs where in dif- grace. Marc.Donar, de med. bift, mirab. 4 8z Man Transform d: O r, was of fo large and fat a body, that his loynes could not be girt but with a girdle of an Ell and halfe wide, whofe buttocks did luxuriate with fo great a bulke of flefh,that they feerned quadru- ple, and his exuberant nature had put fuch Urcngth into his armesand hands, that he ftruck Tulpius his hand with no lcfTc force than if he had been twenty yeares of age. Marcellw Dona- te faies, he law a young Englifhman carried eve- ry where about Italy to be feen for money, whofe Image reprefenting his naked body, his Lord, the Prince of Mantua and Montijferrat had, in good footh of a monftrous thicknefs and pinguidity. A- bout twenty yeares ago, I remember I law a Vint- ner, who kept the Dog-Taverne in the new Pal- lace at tVeffrninfterj whofe name was Mailer Ger- mans who lo wallowed in his greafe, that he was a burden to himfelfe, a man of a ftrange Kidney, for when he was cut up, and his fat took out, his Kidney weighed about fixty pounds. Among the Lacedemonians fat folkcs were not only in dilgrace, but they did puniih them by mod fevere Laws made again!! them:, For Lycur- gm appointed a fmallDietto the Lacedemonians^ on purpofe that their bodies by that llreight diet might grow up more in height ; for, the vitall fpi- rits not being occupied to conco&and digeft much meat, nor yet kept down, nor fpr ead abroad by the quantity or over-burden thereof, do enlarge themfelves into length, and fhoot up for their lightfomenelfe,and for this caufe they thought the body did grow in height and length, having no- thing to let or hinder the rifing of the fame. I* Kemeth T be Artificial 'l Changing. 4 83SSSS.™, fcemeth (faith Plutarch ) that thelelfe fame caufe N ^^rx 4 made them fairer alfo. For, the bodies that are^ut.w ^ lcanc and (lender do better and more cafily yield L '^ e °f L > cur= to Nature} which bringeth a better proportion t>US * and a forme to every member} and contra ri wife it feemeth, thefe groffe, corpulent, and over-fed bodies do encountenNature, and be not fo nim- ble and pliant to her} by reafon of their heavy fubftance. As we fee it by experience; the chil- dren which women bring before their time, and be fomewhat cad before they fhould have been borne, be (mailer and fairer alfo, and more pure, commonly, than other that go their time,be- caufe the matter whereof the body is formed} be- ing more fuppleand pliant, is the eafter wedded by Nature} which giveth them their fhape and forme, the naturall caufe of which effedfc he gives place to them, difputeit who will, without far- ther deciding the fame. And indeed, as Levtmti Lemnius oblerves, it is confirmed by daily expe- rience, that children who do much Gormandize grow up le(fe comely, neither fhoot up to a juft and decent longitude ; for the Native heat is (ui - focated and over- whelmed with too much moi- fture, that it cannot fhape the body to a comely talenefsof ftature,whcras they who are led mode- rately and ufe a fparer diet,& feed only at certain fet times} become not very grolfe, neither increafe in flefli or grow fat 5 but their bones thereupon in- creafe in length. So we fee young men & children in long continued (iekneffes to grow lean and (len- der, yet their bodies to fhoot out in length, and to increafe in ftature, which Lemnm fhould thinke happens by reafon of drineife; for, the bones, ft nee Rrr 3 they Gw,,fb,f g 4 8 4 ManTr am form'd .O^ they are are nour ^^ C( ^ w ith an aliment ■" ^ familiar & agreeable unco them,feeing that in Tick men the humours and aliment received, through heat and the drineffe of the body become dry, the bones are extended in length, and by reafon of the fomewhat dry nouriihment, they gainefome ad- vantage in ftature, eipecially when man is in fuch an age wherein his body ( as foft and ductile Potters clay) may be formed and produced in length. Remarkable examples of this truth are to be found 5 for they have been feen whom a Quartan- Ague hath raifed into a Giant- like bulk and ftature. Spigelius hath a ftory of one Antho- ny of Antwerp who lived in his time, who being |; borne a little and weake Infant, of a fudden, through a difeafe, became a great Giant. Such with the Greeks are called in whom there lies hid the Seminary of a difeafe, which cals forth a prodigious augmentation, with an un- ! timely death. Salamine the fon of Euthemen , in . three yeares grew up to tne height of three cubits, < as Phny reports. In like manner a fon of Cornelius . T acim , the Noble Hiftorian, died young. Every man hath a certaine and determinate time fet to his growth, wherein by degrees and tacite aug- mentations he attainc-th cither to a legitimate or D warfifn ftature , and that power of encreaftng whereby the body happens to be enlarged in lon- gitude, is feldome produced beyond the five and twentieth yeare, but for thegreateft part is ter- minated within one and twenty yeares •, but to grow fat, and corpulent, happens not to be done in certaine fpaces of time, but by reafon of nutri- ment when it is plentifully taken in, which may . ‘ be T be Artificial! Cbangling. 48 5 be cither in the achma or declination of our age ; for although one be cram’d^ his body is not crewed in length, but is dilated in bulke and breadth 3 for, the faculty whereby the body is nourished isone, and that whereby it groweth up is another 3 lor truly that is converfaut about the plenty of aliment, this, about the folid parts of the body, to wit? the Bones, Nerves, Cartila- ges 3 c^c. VVhich if they increafe and are ftretehed out in length, the Creature alfo attaincs unto an increment, although it be walled with leaneneffc and confumed away. Therefore Nature in pro- ducing the bones, whence the heighth of man proceeds, ufeth the force of heat, whereby fhe not a little drieth the humours, and accommo- dates the aliment for the nourifhment of the Bones. Therefore it is the Amplifying force or Faculty which formeth out in length the bones of Febricitants as wax 5 bv venue and heat of the- fcminall excrement, which in the\igourof age is very valid and efficacious for the performance thereof: For truly, if young men andboyesare accuflomcd to milke from their wry Cradles, and given to exercile, they will have taller bodies, and prove of a more decent and comely ft at u re 3 becaufe by the drinking and ufe of milk, the bones are nouriftied, which is a kin to feed, and ah ela- borate and exactly conco&cd bloud. Moderate feeding, and at fet times, with a difcrec: allowance of competent food, without pinching, may be the SaimurY's caufe whence talneffe of body may arife. S.-i lt?ju- ant thus in his obfervations, fpeakes of a certaine mo- ther (rather to be called a Step-damep who chid hc-r daughter, who was a married wife, for gi- Msans to aece- ternte growth or ftaturc. Lord Bacons uat.bift'CeM. 486 Man T ransfom'd : O r , ving her Children too much meat, that diftended their ftomacksand guts, whence in proceffe of age, they would grow more greedy and not eafie to be fatisfied : Upon which occafion he cals to remembrance a contention which arofe in his prefence between fome of the Court-women and a Phyfician, whether Children of Princes about the fixth or feventh yeare of their age were to be allowed their Bevcrs, or afternoons Nuncians ? which he denied ; they on the contrary were very earneft and importunate with him , arguing, that the native heat fhould not be permitted to lye idle ; at length, after much difputatiom one, and the chiefeft among them, objected to the Phyfician the abjedt ftature of his body, whereas if he had been brought up by his mother with a fuller Diet he had grown up into a juft talnelfe of Stature. But let us heare what the Oracle of Humane Learning faith to this purpofe : To accelerate growth or ftaturc,it muft proceed,eithcr from the plenty of the nourifhment, or from the quickning and exciting of the naturall heat 5 for the firft, exceffeof nourifhment is hurtfull, for it maketh the child corpulent, and growing in breadth ra- ther than height. And you may make an experi- ment from plants, which if they fpread much are feldome tall. As for the nature of nourifh- ment, firft, it may not be too dry : And therefore Children in Dary Countries do wax more tall than where they feed more upon bread andflefh. There is alfo a received Tale, that boyling of dai- fie roots in milke ( which it is certaine are great) driers) will make dogs little. But fo much is truc 3 that an over-dri- nourifhment in Children put- teth TbeArtificiaUCbangling. 487 teth back ftature. Secondly, the hourifhmeiic muft be of an opening nature$for,that attenuateth ^ the juyce, and furthereth the motion of the fpirits upwards ; neither is it without caufe, that Xeno- phon inthenourture of the Perfian Children doth fo much commend their feeding upon Cardamo • mum ^ which (he faith) made them grow better 3 and be of a more active habit. Cardamomum in Latine is, Naftkrtiumy and with us water-creffes, which ic is ccrtaine is an herbe, that, whilelf it is young, is friendly to life. As for the quickning of naturall heat, it mu ft be done chiefly by exercife. And ther- fore ( no doubt) much going to fchoole, where they fit fo much? hindrech the growth of Chil- dren, whereas Country people, that go not to Schoole, arc commonly of better ftature. And a- gaine, men muft beware how they give Children any thing that is cold in operation, for even long fucking doth hinder both wit and ftature 5 this hath been tried, that a whelpe that hath been fed with Nitre in milk, hath become very little, but cxtreame lively ; for, the fpiritof Nitre is cold. And although it be an excellent medicine in ftrength of year'esfor prolongation of life, yet it is in children and young creatures an enemy to growth, and all for the fame reafon^ for, heat is requiftte to growth, but after a man is come to his middle age, heat confumeth the fpirits, which the coldnefle of the fpirit of Nitre doth help to condenfe and correct. This Corpulency or obefitie is a deformity which hurts the beauty and adtiorisof the body ; that which is firft atfe&ed by the immenfe grof- S ff nefle Fatncflc when it doth prej i- dice Nature. \ 488 Man Transform d: O r, neffe being the formes which is but a Symptome, when it only hurts the beauty and forme, but it is a difeafe when it doth not only prejudice the beauty, but offends the actions of the body} for, this fuperfluous burden of flefh, which as Avicen fpeakes, is as a fetter and clog unto them, hinders motion, deambulation, operation, and refpirati- on, and even the a&ions which appcrtaine to the confervation both of the Species, and Individuum. Now fince this immenfe fatneffe or (lore of flefh arifeth not from any preternaturall matter, but out of anaturall, yetfo, thacbyrcafon of abun- dance, it proves offenfive ; this difeafe of Figure is coupled with a difeafe of Magnitude ; and it feemes worthy of a doubt, whether in obefity, which is a Difeafe according to Magnitude, be alfo a Difeafe in Figure j the truth is, Obefity doth not neceffarily vitiate the figure, after that manner whereby difeafes are made according to it 5 the forme indeed and beauty is vitiated, but not the re&itude, nor the Cavity, neither any other things which conftitute chat which is called Figure by Phyfitians. I fpeake not of naturall fat- nefie, but of that which is afeititious and acciden- tall to thofe who through gurmandizing voracity and eafe become ventrofe, and Tenter-bellied All-Panehes, which are allyed to the Eat-alls and Drink-alls, who Iwim up the Hirer Sauce to the famous Fle{hpaftinople,who look as if their hands ( as the Proverb fpeakes ) had put out their eyesj thefe Epicure Hellio's ftand in need of Cof- metique Diet to reduce them to that juft propor- tion, and true terme of Latitude and profundity, which TbeArtificiaUCbangling. 48 ^™*" which in a well proportioned body ought not to th i^°i^. . , exceed the meafure of a Cubit, according to thejoSfa»ro^ ftandertof Goropm . Becan*i»Gi- As to the Magnitude of the Body it is three- 6 anK>nM « hl «' fold, according to the tripple kind of Bimenli- ons, to wit, Longitude,Latitude, and Profundi- ty, and thefe confift in a due proportioned me- diocrity, not declining from it in exceflfe or de- fed, which againe may be more or lefle. But that we may more perfe&ly comprehend it in our minds , in the firft place we muft explaine what magnitude man is wont to have when he fatisfies the Law of Nature in all perfe&ions, and is not defrauded of her juft Donatives by the deceitful- nelfeof a conceited education 5 that we may have a body, which as to a certaine ftatue of Polycletw , all others may be diligently examined : for fo we (hall eafily underhand, who is to be called Tall or Low, Groffe, or Slender, Broad or Narrow. Such a one in this our Europe (hall that be eftee- med, which in Longitude is fix foot compleat, and in Latitude or thickneCfe one foot only and a third part 5 they who decline now from this pro- portion are called unproportioned, although this very exceffe or defe£t is not to be defined to fo ftrift bounds, but they who only defcede from this exad rule may yet be accounted among the number of proportioned men. By this account he will be a tall man who is feven foot(or fome what lefie ) in lengths and in breadth and thick nefle is moft conformable to a proportioned body $ on the contrary, he is a little or low man whole length fals fhort of fix foot, in the other Dimen- Sffa fions &Sj£ by 450 Mm T ratu form'd : O k, A C/3mV 3 ^ ons corre ^p on( ^ cnt to a well proportioned body: In like manner they are gro(fe 5 who when they are of a due height, which comprehends fix feet, yet the Diameter of Latitude exceeds one foot, or the compaffe, or circumference of the breaft and lower belly, containes above three leet, wficr- as in a well proportioned body it exactly equals three feet, and lo equall to the halfe of the Lon- gitude of the whole body: on the other fide, if they attaine not to thefeythey are to be called leane w and (lender men, fuch as Hipocrates cals <**» '* whom he declarcsto be very obnoxious to aCon- fumption. But this Magnitude, although it be thus defined by the obfervers of Nature, becaufe (or the moft part it is wont to be fuch, yet it is io uncquall, that according to Age,SeX) Region, and Difeafes, it much differs. ^ They (ayjthat Rhaf ?s and Alberius had invented a way to get little men by Art. Julius C ami llus rafhly affirmcs,that a true man may be produced by a way not inlfituted by Natures out of urine or other humour decoded by fire or the Sun, in glafle veffels. Thomas Gar- zonw unadvifedly beleeved it to be fecible, and feme attribute this invention to Arncldw Villano- Paracel. lib.i •njarhs. Paraceljm boa(ls 3 that he had received * remm natu- ^ f ecret 0 p f ccrcts f r0 m God 5 affirming, that if the Sperm of a man do putrifie in a fealed Gourd, to the higheft putrifa&ien of horle-dung, forty daies,or fo long until! it begin to live, and to move, and be ftirred? which is eafie to befeen, after that, it will be in Lome time like unto a man, yet pellucid and without a body : Now if afterwards it be daily, warily and prudently nourifhedj and T be Artificial! Changing. 491 S' fed with the fecret of mans bloud, and conferved 3°^" 8 lhis for forty weeks in a perpetuall and equall heat of £/i \3 horfe-dung, it will thence become a true Infant} having members as thofe that are begot on wo- men, but it will be far leffe 5 Then it is diligently to be brought up untill it grow a ftripling-,and be- gin to underhand and be wife. And this fecret is known to the Nymphs of the Wood, and the Gyants which are fprung from thence ; for, there are alfo great and miraculous men made, who are Conquerours, and skilfull in fecrets, becaufe they are boriae by Art, therefore Art prevailes in them? for it is borne in them, but they are not taught of others} being called the fons of Woodmen and - Nymphs? becaufe in refpe&of their virtue they are not like mem but fpirits. Campanelld } though he confeffeth experience c&ipjneiia* had not as yet brought him to the underftanding fmfu rerum. of this miftery, and therefore after fome fcanning of the matter doubts not of the e fifed!, yet he dares not deny it: for where there is fomething like unto the wombe, and Intelligence, if it be- come a humane body, God denies not to enfufe a mind : but where God reveales not} he is filent 3 as for Par ac elf m his conceit, that Giants and Nymphs were artificially borne, that he faies is falfc 3 for the firft ought to be borne without humane Art : and that they ufed Art to the Generation of men and not Nature feems irrationall and falfe^unleffe the Intelligences} the Executrices of Gods provi- dence have ufed this Arc in fome Region 3 as God in the forming of r Adam-> which is uncertaine ; befides, faies he, Ithiskeitfalfe, that thofe that S f f 3 are The Pigmies of Paracelfuu 492. Man T ransformd: O r , arc gotten by Art are more prudent than thofc who are gotten the naturall way, and their Tea* chers, for Nature is wifer than Art, fince Art is but her Difciple. Thus have we heard of the Pigmies of Para- celf m , that is his non- Adamiticall men 3 or middle natures, betwixt Men and Spirits 3 wherein he hath gone fome way to meet their wifh who de- fire to propagate the world without conjun&ion with women. The ground of whofeVoteis fup- pofed to be, that they had fenfibly obferved an im- potency or totall privation of that which Eunuchs by Nature have, prolongeth life, they living lon- geft in every kind 3 that exercife it not at all, Ca- ftrated Animals in any kind, as well as Spado’s by Art, living longer than they that retaine their Virilities 5 for, the Generation of bodies ( as one, once of this Se& faid) is not effe&ed, as fome con- ceive of Soules, that is 5 by Irradiation, or anfwe- rable to the propagation of Light, without its proper diminution but therein a proper tranf* million is made materially from fome parts, and Ideally from every one, and the propagation of one in a ftri£t acception,is fome minoration of the other. The Generation of one thing is the cor- ruption of another , although it be fubftantially true concerning the forme and matter, is alfo difpolitively verified in the Efficient or Produ- cer. Hereupon they are moft unjuftly afraid to leflen themfelves, though to gaine a kind of im- mortality. Surely,astheMarquefleof Malvezzi faiths They who believe that woman was net madeagainft the intentiea of Nature, that (he is v . 7" ' ' ~ not The ArtifimU Wangling. 49}^gr' rot an Errour or a Monfter, muft confeffe (he is vScared 0 ^ made for Generation? and if fhe be made for this i/XM* end (as indeed fhe is) it is neceflfary {he be endued with parts that move unto that end ; for hence it comes to paflc, that fo foone as (he is reprefented unto us, if there be not firft a habit form’d, or that at the very inftant there be not fome great refi- ftance made, man doth by Nature haften to con- template her for the end to which fhe was made by Nature 5 which naturall inftindt (as the Philo- fophercalsit ) of Generation, hath prevailed fo far with fome of the Ingenious, as to reduce them to a pra&icall recantation : whereas fome more malicious? in hatred to women, have mingled Co- pulation with beafts. Somewhat a-kin to thefe are they who have not flighted the naturall ufe of the Sex, yet have look’d alquint upon the body of women, ( a building of a more excellent frame than the fabrique of man, in the opinion of fome Divines ) as if it were unproportioned, and not according to the Laws of Symetry, making al- waies the collation unto the body of man : where- as in knowing and judging of commenfuration or incommenfu ration of a body, the Compara- ti'on or Redu&ion ought not to be made either to theMafculine or Feminine? but they thoufd pro- pound a humane body beft difpofed according to nature, as to the ule, habit, and conftitution of thole members ?and fo to confer with that, what is to be judged : For? that which is beft organized and conftituted according to Nature? is juftly laid to be the proper Meafure? Rule, and Index of all others of that kind 5 for, although thele tvyo bodies 404 ManTramfrrmd: Or, maintained* / j- -n. • / 0 • 1 , . bodies exiit m tne lame Species} they are yet di- vers one from another, and therefore ought to have different meafures: if therefore the body of Woman feeme unproportioned, compared to the body of man, fo will the body of man ap- pcare defe&ivein its Symetry,if compared with the woman, which affords a fulficient convi&ion of this errour in the Mathematiques and Laws of Symetry. The Story of a nation of Pigmies is not a mcc-r Table; and although fomemake a (mail account of therm yet they ought not fo to be defpifed, as to be paffed over invilibly ; certainly} fcarce in any narration of humane monfters, ancient Wri- ters do more confpire, and ferioufly declare them- felves ; nay 3 even Pbiloftram, who out of Apolloni- us faics, all other Monfters of men are fabulous ; he excepts Pigmies, affirming that they live, and that the Relation is not vaine. And when of old it was held fomewhat doubtfull, Homer added fome repute and authority to the Hiftory, in ma- king mention of them ; Ariftotlefcriouhy, & da- ta ope? Ji } taking notice of them, concludes it is no. Table} whofe ipfe dixit is enough to game bcliefe, when fo great an Interpreter of Nature, a man every way moft prudent, and not only a fedulous, but a true fcarcher out of all things that exift in Nature, fhall afford fo weighty a teflification. s atl6 ' in the Ille Gronhnd there are Pigmies. oiaus degent. In a certaiiie Epiftle fent unto the Pope, there is report made of fmall men, no higher than little HiS.Nati Children. The Portugals alfo have now difeove- red many Dwarfes in Tartary. Antonins Pigafetta f'^aThama- found them in the Ifland Arucketto, among the j^-apb. Artie Moluccas, affirming withall, that there are fuch 1 Amir and, little men among the Moluccas in the Ifle Capbicos ; Hom ’ and Argenfela appoints them the fame place. Odo- Odorless a view iaies 3 he found among the Indians Pigmies of three palmcs high, who get Children at the fifth yeare of their age, and are fhort lived. And indeed there is for the moft part a mutuall conne- xion between age and ftature, (whence it may be in the Greeke, the fame word fignifieth both ) fo as that race of men which is talleft and ftrongeftj commonly holdeth out longeft, which may be fup- pofed to be the ground of the fhort duration of the lives of Pigmies, Petrus Simon writes, that they T t e were 496 Man Transform d: O T, were found beyond Andes by Iobannes Alvarez Maldonatw 5 when he difeovered fome new lands in India. Delrio faiesj that A nno 1 600. in Peruvia there was found a Province of Dwarfcs, and that notice was given thereof in the Letters of RAzw, whichin the yeare 1601 . he himfelfe read. Gem- ma Frifm writes a Narration of a Boat of Pigmies which were feem being driven by a temped to the Kingdome of Norway. Photim cut of Ctefias faith,, there are Negroes in the midft of India , whom he cals Pigmies, who are at the moft but two Cubits high, and moft of them but one Cubit long, few exceeding the Altitude of one Cubit and an halfe, of which the King of that Country entertaineth three thoufand Archers for his Guard, Paracelfus his Pigmies or Fairies are fuch a kind of Nation under grountb who are thought by fome net to live idly there 5 for, in Lufatia , and the parts thereabout, where there are often found Urnes, digged out of theground, the Vulgar are of opi- nion that they are made by the fubterranean Pig- mies 5 and that in winter they lye twenty foot deep, but about the Feaft of Penticoft, not above a fathom from the fuperficies of the earth, Not- withftanding all this cloud of Witneftes, there are fome Authors, which either deny this verity, or detrad from the credit thereof 5 and others who * by their incredulity endeavour to merit an opini- on of Learning, and by a fevere, and rather an unjuft than true judgement, would feemetobe yeridiciall Relators or predie tell-troaths, which favours of little ingenuity j for 5 as in manners a moderate behaviour is better than a rough card- The Hfftony of Pigmies age, fo in palling judgement, it advantageth not to . be partiall, but moderate, and aptly inclinable to ^ all parts of the opinion, fupported more by rea- fon than refolution. We allow men to wonder at thefe Relations, but not to deny them, for eve= ry thing that is wonderfull is not a lye ; you may perchance wonder at the reports made of Giants, yet you will not deny that there ever was, or are any, although you never beheld any fuch Colofjut of flefh with your Eyes. Why, pray you, then is this little Nation to be denied, fince theLapfe of Nature, and the defeat of things is ielfe mar- velous, and what fhould hinder that there fhould be a Race of Pigmies as there is fometimes of »p 4nsretus & Giants ? Examples enow in all ages there have phiiipide^ been of fuch Dwarfifhnefleof ftature,in nothing of [of mail but the exiguity monftrous and deformed.* Nice- theybeclma phorut delivers, that in the reigne of Tbeodojius, ?rovcrb». there was a man borne in ALgypt fo little, that he^ Ie *- ^ ,c ? p , bt was like a Partridge, philetas the Heroick Poet HiV.^/37.* was fo little, that he was faine to fallen lead unto his feet left the wind fhould blow him away 5 and there was another, whom Aibentw fpeakes of, Athensu?, who was fo little ut ad obolum accederet ; a ftory fo ftrange,that the Printer(as one faith) might be ac- cufed, did not the account of JElian accord unto ir. ^ian de vul And it feemes, Wit is a commodity that will lye in a little roome; for, not 'only this Arche ftr atm and Philetas , but Sannizion , Melitus , Ci-nefias , and Hipponaftes ( little wights that Mlian fpeakes of ) were all Poets. In Spaine^ not long fince, there was an example which would much facilitate tire beliefe of Pigmies : There was a Dwarfe of a Ttt 2 very More proofes of Pigmiss. fWDfSVf} Neiremb. hi(l< NatJ,$,e,i6. 45)8 Md« T r am form d : O r^ very good conftitution of members, who being borne with T eeth,never fhed them j he came from his mothers wombe with a hairy Pubes-, at feven y cares of age he had a beard, and at ten yeares of a^ Son. ;e he arivedat his full ftrength. and begot a Joan.caffinon lohanries C. aflinon fawat Lions two Dwarfes of deGigm.p. I 6 . a Cubit high, one of them having a long beard Thau>ra- appeared in forme elegant enough. Ionfionus faw Fa ^ co ^ ur ^ e a fhe-Dwarfe about the fame ftature, Barthoiinus* Bartkoiinm fpcakes of the Sceleton of a Pigmy not etc Ptgmteuf 6 a Cubit long, which is to be feen at Dref da in a Tower of the E left or of Saxony, fo little in all its proportions, that one might fufpeft it for the bones leonhardus of an Embrion ; and Leonbardm Turnheu ferns Turnhcuferus makes mention of fuch another Sceleton found in ih Icumdtftr-Lufatia. Platerus can give you an account of three m&ijb{trv. D warfcB of a ftreight and perfeft forme, between two and three foofhigh 5 and if we will not fhut our eyes, we may fee fuch an objeft now Sc there occurre among us, fuch an Homuncio was Matter Jefferies the lateQucencsDwarfe, and my Lord of Pern brook es Page, and fome others. You fhall Aldrovand.//J>.find in Aldrovandm many examples of Dwarfes, demonpw.bip.or little men, which have been kept by divers perfons of worth in all ages. For there are two kinds of Pigmies : one, thofe that are got by dhance 5 as montters, and brought upforfportin great mens Palaces : the other fort are a Nation, which either is, or hath been fomewhere. Cardan therefore is forced to allow that there are fuch little men for a miracle, although not for a Na- tion 5 And the diversity of their habitation is alleadged T be ArtijiciaU Cbangling. 499 alleadged to argue the vanity of the Hiftory. For, Pliny placeth them in Thrace neare Gerania a Na- Plin-fiChfa 6 . tion which the Barbarous there call Calizcs Mela Na£,Hl in the inner Arabia. Are Giants therefore a Fable becaufe they are reported to be in -divers parts of the world ? Sc alio er therefore denies Pigmies,be- caufe in thefe times now all the YV orld is dilcove- red, they are found in no Angle of it, whole cr- rour is fufficiently confuted by the above.- named teft imonies of late diicoveries, but if it were not 3 by this argument I will deny that there areGianr, and if it did not appeare that there were any fuch Nation remaining, yet none but a Mercury could rafhly deny that there never was any fuch Nati- on. Some Authors ( indeed ) that make mention of them write that they are now no where extant. Pornponm faith, that they now faile 5 Solimu faith, they have been driven out of their habitation*, where therefore fhould ScaUger find the old Pig- mies after fo many ages ? Strabo is diffident in this matter 3 enducedby thisreafon, for thatinthofe places where AriBotle placeth them, there be fmall Creatures, whence the lapfe was eafie, that the fame pufiility was transferred to men 5 yet this very reafon makes the Hiftory of Pigmies more probable 5 for, if the great heat of thefe Regions did fo leffen and contract other Animals, why not alfo men ? To conclude, this difeourfe of Pigmies or Dwarfifh Race of people, or lowed diminution of mankind, which make up an ag- gregated habitation 5 although the learned En- quirer into vulgar and common Errours is not fully fatisEed, yet concludes not an impdfibility j T 1 1 3 and Dwkrrc. m,ic 5 00 ManTransfomd : Or,' and Cardan will allow Pigmies to be perfect men, becaufc their forme and fhape is perfed : For as God and Nature ( or rather God by Nature) his instrument and handmaid, hath fafhioned the bo- dy of man into thofe proportions, fo hath he li- mited the dimentions ( as likewife thofe of all o- thers, both Vegetive, Senfitive, and Infenfible Creatures ) with certaine bounds. jQuos ultra citraque nequit confrere return. So that though the Dimenfions of mens bodies be very different in regard of fevcrall Climates 5 and Races, and that it is not defined in what Di- menfions the foule may excrcife her faculty : Yet was there never any Race of men found to the bigneffe of Mountaines 3 or Whales, or the little- neffe of Flies or AntSj becaufe in that quantity the Members cannot ufefully and commodioufiy? either difpofe of themfelves, or exercife thofe fundions which they were by their Maker alfign- cd.lt is to this purpofea good and proper axiome: Datur maximum & minimum in utroque genere , there is in every kind fome fuch greatneffe as can- not be exceededj and fome fuch littleneffe as can- not be contraded. Cardan defub- Cardan writes, that one may make Dwarfes, t-Uib.i i. even as we make little Dogs for women to play with;, for they will be engendred of a little Fa- ther and Mother, then let them be girt in vv ith fwathe-bands very ftraightly, and bred up with a fparcDiet; and would to God (faith he) this invention were as profitable as facile. Arf^oiU T he Artificiall Cb angling. 501 Dwarfifh &a- enquiring the reafon why men become of a Dwarfifh dature 3 he faith, there may be a double caufe rendrcd thereof ; Tor? either the place, or the aliment does it if it be fmall , which fome after the birth endeavour to do , as they that bring up little whelps in fmall boxes. It is reported,* (faith my Lord Bacon ) by fomc s of the Ancientsa That whelps, or ether Creatures, MtMfl&nt.u if They be put young into fuch a Cage or Box, as they cannot rife to their ftature, but may encreafe in breadth or length,will grow accordingly as they can get roome; which if it be true ? and fcafiblc,an"d that the young Creature fo preffed Sedreightncd, doth not thereupon dye; It is a meanes to produce Dwarfe- Creatures, and in a very ftrange figure. Thus Apples before they have obtained the full growth if they be put into ftreight veffels, being prohibited of their naturall liberty of encreafc 3 will grow accordingly, as they can gaineroomc • for 3 if as the Philofopher faith 3 Lgc:h fit forma loca- ti ; there is a neceffity that that which is contained in narrow places, and deprived of the liberty of motions muft thereupon beleffe ; which is the rea- fon that the Children that are borne of women whofe wombes are narrow figured 3 prove fmall according to the mould they are caft in. This is certaine and noted lor g fince, that the preffure or forming of parts of Creature., when they are very ™** e k ° e,il 501 Man Transform d : O r, a very young, doth alter the fhape not a little, as the ^ J ' J ftroaking "of the Heads of Infants between the hands, was noted of old to make Macmcephali , which fhape of the Head, at that time, was eftee- med 5 and the raifing gently of the Bridge of the Nofe doth prevent the deformity of a faddle Nofe j which obfervation well weighed may teach a mcanes to make the perfons of men and women in many kinds more comly and better fea- tured than otherwife they would be, by the form- ing and fhaping them in their Infancy 5 As by ftroaking up the Calves of the Leg, to keep them from falling down too low, and by ftroaking up the Forehead to keep them from being low foreheaded. And ,,it is a common pradice to fvvathe Infants that they may grow more ftreight, and better fhaped. And young women by wea- ring ftreight Bodies keep themfelves from being groffe and corpulent. From thefe premifes I am enduced to fufped, that Pigmies and Dwarfes, funke belowtheir fpecies, were at firft occafioned by fome artifice or affedation 5 for, you fee it lies within the reach of Art, and the hand of mans In- vention. And if mans hand were too fhort,yet the Devils power can reach to fuch a conclufion 5 for, even as fometimes Dwarfes and Giants may be naturally procured, fo the Devill with more fa- cility can, by divine permiifion, promotethe de- crease or encreafe of the humane ftature,by apply- jordanus de to ing Adives to Paflives, which is the judgement of quod divmum l or da nU t and others. Delrio faies, there is no doubt TJi^'mmr- but that the Devill may make Pigmies, and pro- bishumnitor- hibit men from ever comming tothejuftiiature of The Arttficiall Cbangling. 5 03 p, 1 " 6 ; £5, ofa humane body, as we fee by mans artifice, to ‘ wit, by giving them burnt wine 3 andencloiing them in little pots 3 thofe little dogs wherewith women are To delighted 3 are procured: and pa- rents greedy of gaine 3 very wickedly ,with certaine medicaments caufe their childrens growth to be itunced 3 that they prove Dwarfes. But he cannot make a Giant of a Pigmy; For, he thinks that the Devill cannot fo extend the bones of a little man, to make them of a Giant-like mag- nitudes & there- fore ( faith he) Petrus Chieza ac- counts that a Fa- ble which the In- dian C ichor am brag they can do with certaine herbs. Some have en- tertained a fetled opinion that there was never- any Gy ant, which is a conceit very ab- fur-d ; for al- though many’of rhe- Ancients did fuppofe that no man could by Chi«.a/>. x - Hift.Pexuc^u Uuu growth G c/Sr^ 5°4 Man T raw form'd : O r, growth exceed the longitude of feven feet, be- caufe this was the Altitude of Hercules his fta- ture, as they affirme 3 and Gellws alleadgeth Var- ros opinion, that the utmoft point c.f mans growth Joh C3fl’?nion in the courfe of Nature is feven loot. And Gajja- h Giam l ^ e ^ nion there is no man rightly featured who ,caf * * exceeds fix of his own feet. Yet there was one Polyhjftaf.j 2 a GabbaiW} brought out of Arabia^ who as Pliny re- ports, grew to the height of nine feet and fo ma- ny inches ; this is confirmed by Solinw , who writes, that the Syr lot £ of JEihiopia grew to the height of twelve feet 3 and in another place, that there was certaine people of India fo great, that ttoofiaic. f.j. they eafily afcended Elephants. Onoficritus re- ports, that in certaine places of India , where there are no fhadows, there are men of live Cubits and Olaus Mag, two Palmes high 5 Olam Magnus placeth fuch hb.S.caf.y. mcn a [f 0 ] n t j lc > 4 ort hcrne parts, and especially in the Kingdome of Heljingori , which is under the command of the King of Swethland , he makes menfion of a Giant that was nine Cubits high, iffdorus Ety- /Jidore confelfeth that there are men to be found i&bJe're - 9 °*' tvve ^ vc foot high 3 but in another Trail he de- rumhaurt livers a ftrange report of an admirable procerity, in thefe words : In the Wefterne parts ( faith he) there was found a maid, whom the raging waves of the lea had call up from the Ocean, unknown, and wounded in the head and dead, who was fifty Cubits long, and between the fhoulders foure Cubits broad, cloathed in a purple garment, Vincent, fcl/?. 1 which thing feemes incredible, yet fomeHiftori- Naf ./.j i^c.i t5 \ ans/of credit fubferibe unto it. Odoricw reports, , ^Thae he faw with the Great Cbm a Giant of twensy The Artificial l Cbangling. 5 05 t/xS twenty foot high. In former Ages, to wit, under zmgrat \ n lu „ Jujtin the Thracian, a certaine woman of Cilicia (lino. appeared Giant-like, both in tallnefie of body, as alfo in proportion of the other members, for {he exceeded the height of the tailed men a Cubit, with breads and fhoulders above theufuall man- ner broad) all the reft) as the V oice, and Face, and firmeneflfe, and magnitude of her Armes and Cu- bits, and the thickneffe of her fingers) and other parts) anfweringto her Longitude and Latitude. Saint Auflin hath left upon record the memoriall st Ang.de cl- ot a Giant-like woman, which to the great ad- miration of all men was feen at Rome, before the City was facked by the Goths . The Author of the Book, entitled, De natura rerum-, makes mention of a remarkable ftature found in the Wefterne Re- gions ; fuch tall Viragoes were the Bradamantes Marfifa , and our long Meg of Weftmwfter ; but of many of thefe we may fay, they are rather moun- taines of flefh than men. The Queftion is, why fuch men of fuch vaft bodies and ftrength are not found in our daies ? many reafons are alleadged for it, but the mod rationall is the luxury andlafcivioufneffeof the times, which hardly fuffers Nature to get any thing perfect *, not that there is any decay in Na- ture, but it may well be, that in thefe parts of the world, where Luxury hath crept in with Civility, there may be fomc diminution of ftrength and ftature, in regard of our Anceftours. And here I cannot but take occafion to condole the injury done to Nature; in the generative procacijty to Rathe marriage ufed in England , and elfewhere, Uuu2 which The ciiifeof [mall flature. Arifl. polit. hb.T .capAZ 0 50 6 Man Transform’d: O a, which is the caufe why men be now of lefTe Ma- ture than they have been before time ; for we obkrve not the rule of Ariftotle in his Politiqucs, who would have men fo marry 5 that both the man and the woman might leave procreation at one time, the one to get Children, the other to bring, forth ; which would eafily come to paflfc, if the man were about eight and thirty yeares of age when he married ; and the woman about eighteen: for the ability of getting Children in the mod part of men ccafcthat feventy yeares 3 and the pofiibi- lity of conception in women commonly ceafeth about fifty \ to the man and the woman fhould have like time for generation and conception : But this wholfome rule is not followed, but rather the liberty of the Civill Law put in prablice, that the woman at twelve yeares of age, and the man at fourteen are marriageable. Which thing is the caufe that men and women, in thefe daies,are both weake of body 5 and fmall of flaturc : yea, in re- fpeiSt of thofe that lived but forty yeares ago in dais Land: much more then in comparifon of the ancient Inhabitants of Bmtaine , who for their taleneffeof flature were called Giants j fo dwar- fed are we in our flature, and fall fhorc of them, that that of the Poet is verified on us. Terra mahs homines nunceducit atque puftllos. Which thing is alfo noted by A rift 0 tie in the fame place. E ft adolef :entium conjunRio, improba ad ftlio - rum procreationem. In cunRis enim animalibw juzc- niles -partus imperfeRi funt : Etfemin& crebriffl f[uam mares? T be Artificiall Changing. 507 VfiSi'J' 1 wares-, & parva corporis forma gignuntur : quocirca necefj e esi hoc idem in komi mbits evenire. Hujm au~ PemconjeRurafuerihquod in quibufcunque civitati- bm confuetudo eff 3 ado lef crates mares puellafque Con- sugari , in iifdem inutil 1 a , ffpuflla hominum corpora exiflunt. In Florida they are not joyned in marriage un- till forty y cares old, and they fuckle their Chil- Hier .Gban. dren untill twelve ycares? or untill they can pro- c °f m °& r ' vide for their own fuftentation. But if we call: our eyes abroad upon thofe Na- tions which ft ill live according to Nature? though in fafhions more rude and barbarous, vve final! find, by the relation of thofe that have lived a- mong them, that- they much exceed us in ftature, ftill retaining, asitfeemes, the vigorous conftitu- tionof their Predcceffors? which fhould argue, that if any decay be, it is not univcrfall, and con- fequently not naturall? but rather adventitious and accidental! : For proofc hereof? to let pafte other ftories of Giants of late ycares, as that which Amatm Lufitanm fpeakes of, borne in Senogallia AmatLuGcan. Par fans , Evans the lace Kings Porter,(W. We will Car ^‘ $y ’ content our felves with the Indies , Melchior , Nun- nezy in his Letters where he difeourfeth of the affaires of China ? reports? that in the chiefe City, called Paguiny the Porters are fifteene -foot high, and in other letters written the fame yeare 1555, he doth averre? that the King entertaines and feeds five hundred fuchmen for Archers of his Guard. In the W eVt-IndieSy in the Region of Chicay neare the mouth of the Streights , Ortelius deferibes a people? whom he termes Pentagons? from their Uuu 3 huge e“!T a< 508 ManTransform’d : O rJ huge ftaturc, being ordinarily of five Cubits Iongi which make leven toot and an halfe, whence their Country is known by the name of the Land of Giants. Americus Ftfruthu, who fearched into the unknown parts of the world, found outanlfland? at this day called the Iftand of Giants.) it may be sir Francis them which Ortflim deferibes. MagelUne ( as the Drake hu voj- great Encompaffcr of the World obferves ) was wlrtdT thC not altogether deceived in naming of rhemGiants, for they generally differ from the common fort of men, both in ftature, bigneffe, and ftrength of bo- dy? as alfo in the hidioufneffe of their voice : but yet they are nothing fo monftrous, or Giant-like as they were reported? there being fome Englifh men as tall as the higheft of any that we could fee, butperadventure the Spaniards did not think that ever any Englifh man would come thither to reprove them? and thereupon might prefume the more bolder to lie : the name Pentagones ? five cu- bits, ^Ls.feven foot and a halfe?defcribing the full height, (if not fome what more ) in the higheft of them j but this is certaine, that the Spanifh cruel- ties there ufed, have made them more monftrous in mind and manners, than they are in body. Ma- Haetluic mbit fter Prettya Gentleman of Suffolke,in his difeourfe Engh(h voyage. 0 £ c anc i;jj J} hi s voyage about the world, being himfelfe imployed in the fame aftions, tels us, that meafuring the print of an Indians foot in the fand,not far from the Coaft of Brafill , he found it to be eighteen inches long, by which computation the Indian himfelfe in proportion could be no lefs than nine foot.Ctfjf/Wow like wife acknowledgedi, that in the Land of Sammtray and neare the An - tar tick The Artificial! Cbangling. 509 ^ t mick Pole? Tome are found of ten or twelve foot high. Laftly? Anthony Pigafetta a great Traveller in his time fas teftifieth Goulart ) affirmes, that he Goularr* me- had feen toward the fame Pole? fo tall a Giant? ^ as other tall men did not reach with their heads above his Navell ; and others beyond the (freights of MageRane which had their necks a Cubit long? and the reft of their body anfwerable thereunto : Hereunto may be added the Colle&ions of Ma- tter Purcbas in his Pilgrimage ; The Spaniards? faith he, which with Magellan e firft difeovered the Streights, faw Giants on this Ceaft, of which he carried away one with him to fea,where after for want of fufficient food he died. And befides? that fome of our own at another time meafured the print of mens feet eighteene inches in the hand, Oliver Noort* in his world-compa(fing voyage,had three of-fris rnen (laine by men of admirable fta- ture? with long haire, not far from Port-Defire , a- bout forty feven degrees of foutherly Latitude? and after in the Magellane (freights difeomfited a band of favages, which neither would yield, nor flee from their wives and children, which were in a Cave juft by, till every man was (laine. Foure Boyes the Hollanders carried away? one of which learning their Language told them of three Fa- milies? c>r Tribes? in thofe parts? of ordinary ftature, and of a fourth which were Giants? ten or eleven foot high, which warred upon the for- mer. Sebalt de Weert being detained five months in the (freights by foule weather, fent his men to fifh for their provifion, (which exceedingly faiie \ ) who 510 Man 1 ram form'd: O r] who there were fuddenly affayled by feven Ca- noes of Giants, which they gueffed to be fo high as is mentioned, who being put to flight by their pecces, fled to land, and pluckt up trees in their rude manner, barricadoing, and fortifying them- felves againft further purluit of the Hollanders, who were no leffe glad, that they were rid of fuch company. And in another place he faith, that whole Families of thofe monftrous men are. found at this day in America) both neare to Virgi- nia* as Captaine Smith reports, and efpecially," a- bout the (freights of Magellane , neare which he found Giants 3 and in the fame (freights were fuch feene of the Hollanders ten foot in height 5 where- as yet other Families were but of the ordinary greatneffej one Thomas Turner told mef faith he) that neare the River of Plate, he faw one twelve foot high : To which we may adde thofe Giants^ j©h, Lauren. ca p cc i p a taoones) of nine or ten foot higfbwhich in- /Inanin Tyaci* ii * * i *• 1 fy cofmogr. habit within a ccrtaine Region of America, who paint their faces with the juycesof ccrtaine herbs. tycoft.Ravif. Not to reckon the women of Selenitic, who, con- Iidrorandus, to the manner of other women, lay Eggs, which being hatched by them, and difclofed, there come forth men, which encrcafe to a Giant-like (fature. Thefe bodies that fo exceed and run out in longitude} lofe the beauty of proportion 3 for that thereby they become Giants, a deformity not to be cured, unleffewe fhould do as that Robber in Galen, who cut off the feet of men that were too tall. Concerning the originall of Giants, and the caufe of their vaft procerity of body,mueh might be The Artificial! Changling. 5 1 1 1 ^ 3 “" be colle&ed out of facred Writers, and approved Hiftorians; For fome of the Fathers feeme to think in Apoi. ad s]- that the Giants which preceded the Deluge were ‘ n borne of the Congrefle of Angfels with \\ omen; Vniumpium*' they feeme to favour that opinion that the Angels Terr finned with women, - r - " L: - bltumul,er ‘ fenfe, Then the Sons of men were very faire , an that they liked r and there were Giants in the earth ^,4. * s in thofe dates 5 yea, and after that the Sons of God P hll ° wMAt came unto the Daughters of men , and they had Lome Ambrofiu* l.i. them Children') thefe were mighty men, which in old de Nue & Area, time were men of renowne. And however fome Alcx take the Sonsof God, here fpoken of, to be thcsuip.severuf. degenerated Tons of Seth: Yet Kornmannus thinks * that he is more in the right to thinke that thefe ra ndui. ’ were Angels and fpirituall fubflances, who beingGenAr.*,*. allured by the beauty of the Daughters of men, lay with them, from whence Giants were pro- J°- La « ren - created. When then the fons of God fell foule upon the Daughters of men , the flames of numd. a. luft alvvaies cncreafing, that almoft all, or very few excepted, deviated from the right path, the feare of God quite exploded from the Earth and fet at nought, at length by the nefarious arts of Devils, Giants were every where produced with a vaft and incondit bulke of body, little bccomming the humane Nature, thefe Giants, puffed up with pride and arrogance, affumed to themfelves the names of the fons of God, contemned others in refpedt of themfelves, whom they call’d the fons of men ; at length they drew upon themfelves, "and the the whole world, divine vengeance, that X x x they asing mat 01 uenejis in tms uetnat.ii.tM Godfaw that the Daughters of ong.bersap 15. d they tooke them wives of alt Euf fV »‘ y " dt Senfiniiis, 512, Man T r am form d : O r, CU tlSVs5 P cnl ^ e ^ i [1 the Deluge except Noah. The Heathen like wife, for the moft part, de- rive their Heroes and mighty men from the like original!. Nay, there are yet many Nations which count it, an honour to derive their Pedigree Kornman. dt from Divels, who had the company of women in mirac.vivarm the fhape of men. The Pegujians, and SianitXy P CG pl e of India derived their originall from vvo- eap.io, men impregnated by Devils. The Nejjefoglions , Joanne Barm, among the Turkes, are thought to be borne of fuch Inculi or Succubi. The hillory of the Occi- dental! Kingdomes do evidently declare, that the Nation of the Hunns were generated from Incu- li 5 and fame reports, chat the Ifland of Cyprus was wholly depopulated, and inhabited by the fons of Inculi. Bonfinius deduceth the originall of the Huns from fuch Inculi fpiritsjfor he faith, that Filimeru the King of the Goths , expelled all the whores out of his Army, and drove them into folitary places left they fhould enervate the mind and bodies of his Souldiers^to thefe afterwards the Jhcubant Spirits reforted, and by their Congrelfe with them, the moft cruell Nation of the Huns were defeended, whofe manners not only, but their Tongues and fpeech, was fo fierce and barba- rous, that it degenerated from all humanity. Hi- ftories of fuch Congrcffes with Incubujjcs and jordanus de coSuccuhuj]es,yQu may find in ICornmannuSyBauhinuSy Tfupcrmma. and others, and of their nefarious Iftue. Among leefi in morbu others, Apollonius Tyan&usy and Merliny who were Kornman .de fuppofed of this extra&ion, participated moft of B,uhinus lib. the lubtilty of their Anceftors; but the better to Htrmtbndit.fatfp that Devils, according to Deieioy may pro- duce Mart.Delria difq. mag. The Artificiall Mangling. 513 ^^; duce many drange monders. The drangenefle mth wo ' of another Hidory cals for admittance in this t^X\J place j It is reported, that in Brajile , from the co- pulation of a barbarous woman with an Ineubw, there was an horrid monfter procreated^ which grew to the height of fixteen Palmes, his back Kornman. de covered with the skin of a Lizzard, with fwolne mtrac ' vlvor *- Breads, Lions Armes, daring and rigid Eyes, and fparkling like fire, with the other members very deformed, and of an ugly alpedt. And the birth of fuch mondrous mixtures mud needs be mon- ftrousj Toftatp truly obferveth, Talibw concetti- ing, bus robuflijfimi homines & procerijfmi nafi :i folent ; of fuch conceptions are wont to be borne the dronged and taled of men. And Tattefius having vailefius de given the reafon hereof at large, which ( for feare fa* Pbiiofoh. of offending chade Eares ) I lid not to produce. f ^‘ 8. At lad concludes, Robufti homines^ ergo, & granules ut mfeerentur 5 pot grant it a Dernones pro cur are. Y et enquiries have been made among the Lear- ned, fird, whether Devils may have to do with women ? Secondly, whether examples of this Congreflioncan be produced ? Thirdly 3 whether they may conceive by the Devill, and a Child be borne ? Fourthly, How they are impregnated, and of the feed of the Devils? Fifthlyj whether examples be granted of progeny of a demoniacall Succubw ? Sixthly, whether men may alio engen- der with demoniacall Succubufjes-) and Children be borne of them ? Learned and fubtile difeour- fesof thefefubjedts the Curious may find in Baa- Bauhin./^.ii hinw. And verily, although thefe things are in- deHemafbr, credible, yet they are true, that evill Tpirits en- X x x 2 dowed msy cxercife 514 Man Transform d : O r, whh women? 5 howed with bodies 5 cxcrcife vcncrious a£fs with w omen, and alio gcnerate.St Auouftine Teems tobe v'w.fef/Ts pcrfwadcd of the truth hereof j it is com-: cap,z 3. ’ * * monly reported} (faith he) and many affirme,that f { / either themfeives have found it by experience, or u ? tf ' n ' 43 ' heard it from thofe 3 of vvhofe credit there was no doubt to be made, who had themfeives experien- ced it, that Satyrs and Fairies 5 whom they call Inculi , have been often lewd with womens luffing after theiib and fatisfying their luffs with them 5 and that certaine Devilss whom the Gaules call V/ufiij daily doe attempt and performe the fame See Acjuin. filthineffe, fuch? and lb many affirme, as to deny 1,9,1 1. this were a point of impudence. Many of the itZuxUde Ancients were alfo of this opinion, as Jofepbuh oper. dti/ib. 4. T ertullian , Laffantiuh Eufebius, Thomas Scotu and (ap.S° IriTbef, others. How they become the Artificers of fuchan effeft, or their manner of operation, theinquifi- tive may find in Kornm annus and V'allefim ;for my part, I conceive, werethefe Queries juftly held in the Affirmative, mans inventions whereby he hath endeavoured as much as in him lies to Dia- bolize himfelfc, might have been fpared ; for as ?ar£us out of Wierus fpeakes : If the faculty of generation had been allowed to Devils, the world had been long fince full of Devils. How many monffers from the beginning of the world had the Devils brought fortn to us? What prodigies had they produced by conveying every where their feed into the wombs of women ? For, it is the faying of Philofophers ; As often as a faculty and will concur to the fame thing, the eflfccf is neceffarily Gcoig.Tom.6 . Prob.^z.c 33; Kornman.(& envrat. vivor, Vallefius de jma Pbilefo- $bi*» T be Artificial! Cbangling. 5 15 ncceffarily produced, and is wonttoappeare. But™ c e e n “ pon w ° there was never wanting a will to Devils of di- fturbing mankind and the order of this world ^ for, the Devill is, as they fay, our Enemy from the beginning*, and as God is the Author of order and beauty, fo the Divell, adverfe to God, is of confufion and turpitude. Therefore if to this evill mind and difpofition 3 if to the moft full will of this wickedneffe and envy a like power had accrewed, who can doubt but the utter confufion of all things and fpecie{fes 3 Scthe greateft deformi- ty had invaded thecomptand beautified neatndfe and honefty of Nature, with monfters every where arifing. And you fhould long fince have heard of men miferably transformed into Diaboli - call Changelings 5 blefled therefore be the Crea- tor of man, who hath fectired his beloved Crea- ture from the malice and unappeafable rage of fuch an Enemy and Deformer. As Ckryfotfcme. Nazianzen^ Hierom-, Theodore Cyrill • and of the modernes, Philifipuf, Broidew-> Cardanm^ Baptiffai Porta-> and Remigius. For, what a repugnancy would it be, as one faith, both to Religion and na- tures if the Devils could get men ? when we are taught to beleeve, that not ever any was begotten without humane feed except the Son of God. The Devill then being a fpirit, having no corpo- rall fubftance but in appearance, and therefore no feed of Generation to fay that he can ufe the aft of generation effeftually, is to affirme that he can make fomething of nothing, and confequent- ly the Devill to be God 5 for 3 Creation folely be- longs to God alone. Againe, if the Devill could Xx x 3 affume by che Arc of Naturall Ma pique, Inc \s 5 16 Man Ti ranrformd :Or, affumetohim a dead body, and enliven the facul- ties of it, and make it able to generate (asfome affirme he can) yet this body rauft beare the image of the Devill ; and it is againft Gods glory to give per million fo far unto him, as out of the Image of God to raife tip his own off-fpring. In the ichoole of Nature we are taught the contrary, liz. that like begets like, wherefore of a Devill man cannot be borne. Y et it is not denied, but that Devils, transforming themfelves into humane fhapes, may abufe both men and women, and with wicked people ufe the workes of nature. Yet that any fuch conjunction can bring forth a humane Creature, is contrary to Nature and Re- ligion. But although by a naturall way of gene- ration the Devill cannot propagate the wicked as well as he can fpiritually promote and encreafe wickednclfe and monftcrss yet monftersmaybe produced by Art magique, and Creatures made double membredj or difmembred 3 and the vi- ler the Creature, the fooner brought tomon- ftrous defer mity 3 which in more noble Creatures is more hardly brought topalfe, and confequently molt difficult to be impofed on man the nobleft Creature 5 yet I believe, the Devill hath attemp- ted and furthered the production of fuch reall monftrofities 3 as for the conclulions and wonder- full experiments of naturall Magique 3 which are Vide Jo.Bapt. done only in appearances they are very many. To NcopoHtan. fee an Horfes or Affes head on a mans neck and Scori»*fc« dif Shoulders, cut off the head of a horfe or an Affe covery of witch- (before they be dead, otherwife the virtue or srafc,i,i 3 ,c.it. Brength thereof will be leffe effeCtuall ) and m a k e an T be Artificial. Changing. 5 1 7 an earthen veflfe 11 of fit capacity to containe the^Sim! 6 fame} and let it be filled with the oyle and fat thcreofi cover it clofe, and daube it over with lomej let it boile over a foft fire three daies con- tinually} that the flel"h boyled may run into ©yle? fo as the bare bones may be feen , beat the haire into powder 5 and mingle the fame with the oyle, and annoint the heads of the ftanders by, and they (hall feeme to have horfes or affes heads. If beafts heads be annointed with the like oyle, made of a mans head, they fhall feernc to have mens faces, as divers Authors foberly affirme. If a Lamp be an- nointed therewith, every thing fhall feeme mod monftrous. It is alfo written, that if that which is called Sperma in any beaft, be burned, and any bo- dies face therewithall annointed, he fhall feeme "to have the like face as the beaft had. But if you beat Arfenick very fine, and boile it with a little Sulphur in a covered pot 5 and kindle it with a new candle, the ftanders by}Will feeme to be headlcfte. Aqua Compofita and fait being fired in the night? and all other lights extinguifhed, make the ftan- ders by leeme as dead. They therefore who upon this Queftion? whether Devils can generate ? de- fend the Negative} are moft to be credited. The Amazons were wont to lame their Chil- dren, and to abufe them to carnall copulation, fuppofing to have made them more fit for that imployment by mutilation. It is true, that they had an intent withall in that feminine Common-wealth of theirs, to avoid the Do- mination of men? to lame them thus in their Infancy} both in their armes, legs, and other limbs, An Are pre- tending to new-make a rrian. Delrio dlfq. xag.l.i. Maffafusfei^ lnd.iib.it 518 Man T rdm form'd .-Or, limbs, that might any way advantage their ftrength over them, and made only that ufe of them, that we in our world make of wo- men. Some have taken upon them an Art which pre- tends to new make a man decayed by age 5 their way is to cut a man in peeces, and then put him into a putrifa&ory vefTeil, which they report, the Marqueffe of Villem refolved to pra&ife upon bimfelfe. But Campanella dares not truft fo great) a worke to an Artificial! vc-ffell, and to fpirits gotten by putrifa&ion; and indeed, ( faith he) in men thus (laine,the order of things feeme to ftand againft it, not enduring a regrefs from a privation to a habit, and the fable of the re-creation'of old Father Jafon in Ovid is asvaine. Yet, although Art fades in performance, Na- ture,as faith the Refuter of vulgar Errours, works wonders in this kind, making old men to become young againe, there being many examples of this Renovation. Delrio fheweth out of Torquenda that in the yeare 1 5 1 1, an old man at Tarentum of an hundred yeares old, having loft his ftrength, haire, nailes, and colour of his skin, recovered all againe, and became fo young and lufty, that he lived fifty yeares after. Another example he brings of a CafHlian^ who differed the fame change, and of an old Abbatefte in Valentia, who, being decrepid, fuddenly became young, her rugged skin grew fmooth, her gray haires became black? j and new teeth in her head. Maffiew fpeakes ofa certaine Indian Prince, who lived 340 yeares, in which fpace his youth was three times renewed. Ambrcfe The Artificial! Wangling. 519 ““‘“g* Ambrofe Parrj fpeakes of a woman, who being eighty yeares old; loft her haire and teeth, which nb. *4.17*'° grewagaine. Befides Curdun^ Langim fpeakes of LJn g• £ / , */^• a well in an Ifland, called Monica , the waters of pefr' Mart, which, being dranke, changes Age into Youth. Decad.it j. 10 . Concerning the Metamorphofis of man tranf- migrating into the lhapeof Wolves, A lies, or mrab, other Creatures^ many hold it not impoftible. and that it may happen by a naturall reafon, infinite authorities and examples are brought to confirme thefe kinds of Tranfmutations. As for the Tranf- formation of Apulemh St Auguftine dares neither deny it, nor affirme it ; he thinks, and judgeth it (indeed ) to be a fafeination, which Ljcantbopie is not againft the Tenentsof Divines; who, lor the moft part; teach that all things were created of God, infomuch that not the evill fpirits indeed can change their forme, fince not the elfentiall forme of man, that is reafon 3 but the figure only is changed ; for if we will confefle that men have a a faculty to make a Cherry-tree bring forth Ro- fes 5 and a Colewort Apples; if he can turne Iron into Steele; Silver into Gold, and can make a thoufand artifieiall formes of ftones that fiball vie luftre and beauty with naturall Gems •, Shall it feeme wonder-full that Satan, to whom God ha h granted a very great power in the elementary .world, fhould commute or change the figure ef one body with another ? All which things are confirmed by Aquinas> where he faics 3 AH good Ac l l, ' n ; ? and evill Angels 5 out of a naturall virtue, have a power of Tranfmuting our bodies. A c fi. r thofe things that Magicians do for fafeination; they are Y y y but SSST* <02 Man Transform d: O R, formed into •' , , J r • ' beads. but. momentany 5 but the Transformation of 0/dG\6 man into a bruit Animal doth fometimcs lad fe- ven yea-res, as Neluchadnezars did? to which Bo- dirm addes the a&ions and labour of an Affe, which three men cannot undergo, the magnitude? inceffe, eating of grade and thidles, which eannot agree with the humane body ; moreover, the fwiftneffe and other properties of Wolves, which agree not with the nature of man. Nei- ther hath that any fhew of truth ( faith Bodin ) which fome bring? that God hath not given this power to Satan 5 for? the Counfell of God cannot be comprehended by men, neither can the power given to the Devill be known? fince in the book of lob it is faid, There is not any power in earth that can withfand him. But as concerning thefe Tranfmutations, Creations, re-creations, transformations, and tranfubflantiations of men into beads. One faics, they might put us in doubt that every Affe? Wolfe, or Cat that we fee were a man, a woman, or child 5 and he marvels that no man ufeth this didindtion in the definition of a man; whereas the truth is, none can create any thing but God , and the Ca-nons and opinions of Divines who hold this pofition are to be embra- ced. The very words of the Canons are? When- ever tele eve th that any Creature can be made or changed into better or worfe, or transformed into any other fhape , or into any other fimilitudes by any other than by God himfelfe the Creator of all things , without all doubt is an Inf dell) and worfe than a Pagan and therewithal! this reafon is rendred, to wit? becaufe they attribute that to a Crea- The Artificiall Changling. 521 ^;^ Creature which only belongeth to God the Crca-^ r ^ c . a "‘ tor of all things. As for that diftinttion, that the others™* C Devill cannot alter the forme of mam Non ef- &Q6V3 ft entialif forma ( id eft ratio ) fed ftgura f dum permu- tatur The effentiall forme, (to wit, reafon is not changedj but the fhape or figure: Thereby it is proved eafie enough to create men or beads with life, fo as they remaine without reafon ; hovybeit he thinketh an eafier matter to turne a mans rea- fon into the reafon of an Affe, than his body into the fhape of a fheep ; and if the Devill and Witches fhould have power to transforme or tranfubftantiate others 5 yet what an eafie matter it is tore-fubftantiate an Affe into a man l For, Bodin faithjUpon the word of Apulem, that if the Affe cate new rofes, annife, or bay-leaves out of fpring-water 3 it will prefently returne him into a man ; . which thing Sprenger faith may be done by wafhing the Affe in faire water : yea he fheweth an inftance, where, by drinking of water, an Affe was returned into a man. But others declare that no Creature can be made or tranfmuted into a better or worfe, or transformed into another fpecies or fimilitude 5 by man, or devill. And Saint Auguftine believes, that the body of man cannot any way 3 by the Art or power of Devils, be truly and really converted into the members and linea- ments of a bead, but only the phantadicali ap- pearance of a man* and Marti mis Delrio the Jcfuit accounts this degeneration of Man into a Bead to be an illufion, deceptive and repugnant to Nature j for, the foule of man cannot informs a beads body, as a foule of a Lion cannot the bo- Yyy 2 , dy 522, ManT ransformd : O r., bilftlbody.* v£i mane body 3 becaufe every fubftantiall forme, as it gives fuum eJJ e informando^tcqu ires peculiar pro- perties and difpolitions convenient unto ir, and a -proper organization of body ; therefore the foule is defined to b? an a£t of an organicall body; whence it is that a Beafts foule can neither inform a humane body, nor a humane, a beads. There- fore the foule of man cannot migrate into the bo- dy of a bead to informe it ; As for that which is alleadged, that fuch who are wounded in.thcfc bodies, when they are reftored, they find them- felves to be wounded in the humane body ; Bodin grants that this is fomecimes done, and may be done ; and Satan may at the fame time inflict a wound upon the humane body, andfometimes he compafieth about the humane body with a more aeriall effigies of a beaft, placing about members to members, as the fimilitude requires, accommodating head to head, mouth to mouth, belly to belly, foot to foot, armes to armes, &c. And here a fit opportunity offers it lelfe, with Kor'nmannm^ to put the Quefidon 5 Whether Nehu- ebadnezar was fubftantially transformed into a Nicol. Rsjnig. beaft|f Remighif thinkes he was reduced to the m Dxmomi. } owe ^ orc ] er 0 f Animals, for his affeCting divine honour, yet that he never was deprived of the habit of his Face and Countenance 5 but that only for fome yeares ufing the fame pafture and harbour with them ; through the injury of hea- ven he contracted fuch haircs and nailes as Na- ture is wont to cover and arme bruits withall. Martin Delrio is of ©pinion that even the humane figure The Artificiatt Cb angling. 529 S figure did in Tome part degenerate into a ferine. And Bodin> a man of great judgement? think es, Joan. Bodinus. that the humane forme was in very deed taken from him j and he demonftrates,that he is able to prove it out of the Text it felfe, where his Tranf- tormation is threatned 9 out of the very words, whereof it is eafily (as he faith) collected, that he Dan.^y. was changed into a bead: . Spondanu f, Peucemt-> Pbil.CamerariuSj and iome others? thinke that it was a true and reall Metamorphofis. And Gcd could worke this miracle upon that wicked King? that he fhould be meramorphefed into a beaft? as well as he turned Lots wife into a pillar of fair. Gcn . I9 . And leak any one fhould thinke this King was not truly changed into a beaft, fome of the Ancients Dorotheus & teach us, that in the fore-part of his body he re- sm P fiTnvi^[ prefented the fhape of an Oxe, but in his hinder van. part the forme of a Lion? giving thereby to un- derhand, that in the former part of his life he was much given to his belly and luft, and in the latter part thereof to immane cruelty, rapine, and man- (laughter. Hence it is that an ancient Father laid not without caufe? that Nebucbadnezar the i.Gttj.i.mo- King was changed into an irrational Animal. And Evslmeradach the Son of Nebuchadnez.ir^ alter his 2. death gave him for food to the foulesof the aire, ca^M.mpn . left he fhould rife againe from the dead, who before had returned from a beaft unto a man, fo that it is very likely they did not doubt of his re- all metamorphofis. A notable fmart writer againft thefe a&s of s C ot./a bis dif- tranfubftantiation, wonders raoft how they can t&vny of truck? turne and toffe a mans body fo, and make it final- Y y y 3 icr Mj» Transform'd: O k, fl'irn^ qUe * ^ cr an -^ greater, to wit, like a Moufe, or like an t/ i X$ AflcjgjgV. and the man all this while to'feele no r>anxns J«- P a ^ ne 5 neither is he alone in this maze : for Da - phlogcap.}., nam faith, that although Augufline and Applet us do write very credibly of thefe matters, yet he will never believe that Witches can change men into other formes, as Alfes, Apes, Wolves, Bears, cwdan de va. Mice, drY. And CW4/Haith,thathowmuch^«- rjtf.wtij.-f.80 ' gufone faith he hath feene with his eyes, fo much he is content to beleeve. The Queftion will be, where a mans own fhape is all the time wherein he was made an Affe ? For it is a certaine and gencrall rule, that two fhbftantiall formes cannot be in one fubjeft fimul & feme /, both at once. The forme of the bead: occupieth fome place in the aire, and fo I think fhould the forme of a man do alfo ; for, to bring the body of a man, without feeling, into fucha thin airy Nature, as that it can neither be feene nor felt, it may well be unlikely j for it is very unpoffible, for the aire is unconftant, and continueth not in one place, fo as this aiery Creature would foone be carried into another Region. But indeed, our bodies are vifible, fenft- tive, and pa (five, and are endued with many ex- cellent properties, which all the Devils in Hell are not able to alter; neither can one haire of our head pcrifh 3 or fall away, or be transformed with- out the fpeciall providence of God Almighty. Another Queftion is put, whether that- man was an Affe all the while, or that Affe a man ? Bodin faith ( his reafon only referved) he is truly tran- fubftantiated into an Affe, fo as there is no pare of a man but reafon, remaining in that Affe. And * yet T be Artificiall Cb angling. 5 1 5 Mecamorphol yet Hermes Trifmegifm thinketh he hath good authority and reafon to fay, Aliud cor pm quarn^f m - Tt ' l[(a ’ hum an am non caper e animam humanam, nec fas eFt n 110 e,lan * in cor pm dnim&r atione c arentis •> animam rauon&lem corruere-, that is, a humane foule cannot receive -any other than a humane body, nor yet can light into a body that wanteth reafon of mind. Ano- ther Queftion is put, whether if a man fhould die (as hishoure might be come) what fhould become of the Affe, or how he fhould be reftored by the Witch to his fhape 5 or whether he fhould rife at ' the day of judgement in an Affes body and fhape? For Paul faith, that that very body which is fown and buried a naturallbody israifed afpirituall body. The life of Jefus is made manifelf in our mortall flefh, and not in the flefli of an Affe. God hath endued every man, and every thing with its proper nature 5 fubftance 3 forme, qualities, and gifts, and diredteth their waies. As for the waies of an AfTe 5 he taketh no fuch care ; howbeit, they have their properties and fubftance fevcrali to themfelves 5 For athere is one flefh (faith Paul yofi C^a-19. men-) another flefh of beafts , another of fifties, another v.-rr.i5,&c. of birds , and therefore it is abfolutely againft the ver ‘ 1,v,Ii ' ordinance of God (who hath made me a man) that I fhould become an Affe in fhape : infomuch as if God would give me leave I cannot do it; for it were contrary to his own order and decree, and to the conftitution of any body which he hath made. What a beaftly aflfertion is it, that a man, whom God hath made according to his own fimilitude and likenelfe, fhould be by a Witch turn’d into a Th-: impiety ot Tr jntub- ftantiation. i/XM ^6 Man T ram form'd : O r~ a Bead ? What an impiety is it to affirme that'an Avfesbody is the Temple of the Holy Ghod ? Or an Affe to be the Ohiid of Godjand God to be his Father, as it is laid of man ? Which Paul to the Corinthians fo die indy coniutetlb who faith, thao our bodies are the members of Chrift. In the which we are to glorihe God j for the body is for the Lordj and the Lord for the body. Surely he meaneth not for an Affes body 5 dnce even into thefe our bodies, which God hath framed after his own likeneffe,hehath alfo breathed thatSpiritj which, Bodin faith, is now remaining within an Affes body, which God hath fo fubjccted in fuch lervility underthefoot of man; of whom God is fo mindfull, that he hath made him little lower Pfal.8,y,6)7>8 than Angela yea than himfelfe, and crown'd him with glory and worfhip, and made him to have dominion over the works of his hands, as having put all things under his feet 5 all Sheepe, and Oxen, yea, Wolves, Alfes, and all other beads of the field, the fowles of the aire 3 and the fifhes of the fea, &c. Ovid) whofe Metamorphofis makes fo much for Transfigurations, faith ro this phan- tadicall imagination, Os homini fuhlime dedit coehimque videre IuJJit , & ereftos ad fidera tollere vultw. Theeffcft of which verfes is this, The Lord didfet mans face fo high That he the heavens might behold , And looke up to the jiarry skie To fee his wonders manif ild. Now The Artificiall Cbangling. 527 Now if a Witch or Devil! can fo alter the fhape of a man, as contrarily to make him to look downtohelh like a beaft, Gods workes fhould not only be defaced and difgraced 5 but his ordi- nance (hould be wonderfully altered 3 and thereby confounded. A great Sceptique in this Do&rine of Tranfub- Scot hj h{( £ ftantiation, marvels fif theDevill can transforme c »v<™of*kub- and tranfubft antiate himfelfe into divers fhapes tra P* of man and beafts,£?V.) whether the Devill crea- hb *' ia t' u teth himfelfe when he appearethin the likeneffe of a man ? or, whether God createth him when the Devill wifheth it ? And he unhappily notes, that a man of fuch a conftitution of body as they ima- gine of thefe Spirits, which makethemfelves, are of far more excellent fubftance than the bodies of them that God made in Paradife, and fo the De- vils workmanfhip do’s exceed the handy-worke of God the Father and Creator of all things. The Devils effencc and forme, in the opinion of fome, is proper and peculiar unto himfelfe, as he him- felfe cannot alter it, but he muft needs be content therewith^ as that which God hath ordained him and aligned unto him, as peculiarly as he hath given to us our fubftance without power to alter the fame at our pleafures ; for 3 we find not that a Spirit can make a body 3 more then a body can make a Spirit, the Spirit of God excepted, which is omnipotent. There is an old Tradition concerning liberi fuppofiti , or Changlings 3 and many ftories are confidently told, of fome Children that have been furreptitioufly ta*ken away, and others put in Z z z their demaineof 528 Man Transform'd , &c. thc-ir roome, which have been deformed Innocent?, which we commonly call Changlings ; the Au- thonr of Religio Medici confefifeth, that of all de- lufions wherewith the Devill abufeth man, he is nioft piizled with the Legerdemaine of Chang- lings. This power the Devill hath to put Chang- lings in the place of other Children, one brings as an argument to prove that he or his inftruments can transfer and transforme themfelves and 0- thers : Yet a learned Divine of ours thinkes a Changing is not one Child changed for another, but one Child on a fudden much changed from it felfe. Howbeit, I find that Thomas Aquinas al- lowcs Conjurations againft the Changlings. Whether the Devill may have a power of hea- ling, transferring, fubborning, or putting one in the place of another, and of Changling Infants, needs not much be queftioned, for that fometimes fome fuch thing is done, is not by his power, but by the pcrmifiion of God for the fins of men, as the Learned hold 5 efpecially, when wicked Pa- rents, negle&ing all religious care of their Chil- dren, do not arme them with godly Benedidtions, but overwhelme them with Demoniacall execra- tions; All men therefore may learn hence, to order their Children religioufly? and to cor.fecrate them to God, and not to caft them away by Demoniacall maledi&ions. FINIS. AN APPENDIX, thing offering it felfeio naturally, every Scene almcft affording fome emergent occafion or o- ther for fuch a Difcourfc. Which conceit, I con- fer I had admitted, but that I defired to keep dofe to my proper Argument. A little therefore to anfwer expectation, I thought good to annex this Appendix, wherein I fhall a little explaine this Proverbe, God makes^and the Tailor fjjapes. Freely to deliver my opinion of this vanity of Apparel!, I conceive it to be the fame itch, and the feme fpirit of Contradiction and Phantafti- calneffe working in the Children of vanity) and the lame abufe put upon Nature 5 only a ter oo. Exhibiting the Tedigree of the English Gallant. Pon the Relation of this intended PraCticall Metamorpkofi ?, I per- ceived that all men thought me to be neceffarily ingaged to touch upon the transformation and deformity of Apparell ; the L Z L 2 being 5 jo The Pedigree of being a kind of back-biting mockery, proceeding from mans petulant wit and invention. Neither do I thinke it difficult, out of the preceding Trea- ri(e to produce a pedigree of our EngliihGallantsj The defigne being the fame in both , to wit, to la- bour to ground a perfwafion in others that they are fo fhaped by Nature, as they would appearc* although their affe&ed fhapes makes themfecme far from that they really are. And I think it were not impoffible to prove, that there was never any conceit fo extravagant, that ever forced the Rules of Nature j or Falhion fomad 5 which fell into the imaginations of any of thefe indited Nations, that may not meet with fome publike FafhionofAp- parell among us, and feeme to be grounded upon the fame pretended reafon. Hence fpring thofe Fafhions that are in Credit among us ; and what) is out of Fafhion is out of the compare of rca- fon, as we ( God knows how for the moft part unreafonable) judge. And verily one might wonder that at fuch diftance of time and place there fhould be a fympathy,firnilitude, correspon- dency and jumpings of fomany wild and popular opinions in this matter of Extravagancy, which no way feeme to hold with our naturall dif- courfe j and therefore the worfer vices, becaufe they fhock our naturall knowledge, and give fuch a blow to the ordinary fottifhneiTe of our judge- ment. I pray, what were our Sqger-loafe Hats, fo mightily affeded of late both by meH and wo- men, fo incommodious forufc, that every puffc of wind deprived us of them, requiring the im- ' ployment Tbe Englifh Gallant. 531 ployment of one hand to keep them on ? Was it not the fame conceit that the Macrones of Pontut 9 and the Macrocephali once had, among whom they were efteemed the beft Gentlemen who had the higheft head ? So our Gallants (then) to be diffe- rent from the Vulger head) chofe, for a token of their Nobility, to have fugar-loafe-like Hats 3 infomuch as he was no Gentleman then who had not fuch a Hat, it being the fame affe&ation 5 and furely fome of the moft af£e£ted of them could have been content to have altered the very mould or block of their Head, had they had patience or time to do it) or could they have thought the Fa- fhion would have lafted fo long) that it had been worth the corrupting of Midwives and Nurfes to contribute their affiftance unto the worke. What were the Square- Caps, which Mon- taigne gives us among the moft phantafticall in- ventions) but the fame phanfie withthofe fquare- headed Gallants of India, , in the Province of Z z z 3 Old- The Pedigree of Old- Port and Caraqui , and as much affc&ed by them who defired to be accounted folid men, and Capitis Quadrati £ And the City fiat-Caps imitate the Brafilean Flat-hea<|, and is no other than a Grecian or Gal- lo-Grecian Round-headnifme. Our The Englifh Gallant. 555 Our womens French-hoods ( that vaine Mo- dell of an unruly member the Tongue ) an abu- five invention might be derived from fome uni- corne-like dreffe of haire among the Barbarous Indians. Thofe Rackets or Periwigs which Ladies life in thefe parts, the invention thereof they feeme to have borrowed of the BrajileauS , who make Frontlets of Feathers, which they tye and fit in order of all colours. Maskes perchance were derived firff from the Numidittnsy who cover their Faces with a black Cloath with holes, made Maskc-like to fee thoxow. Paintini 554 T be P edigree of Painting and black-Patches are notorioufly known to have been the primitive Invention of the barbarous Painter-ftainers of India. A'li Gallant. 535 And our Pendents and Auricular bravery came firft from the Hell-hound-like long ear’d Gentlemen of the fame remote Provinces. Indeed it is hard to derive the abominable Pe- digree of Cob-vveb-Lavvn-yeliow-ftarchcd Ruffs, A a a a which The Englifli 53^ T&e Pedigree of which fo much disfigured our Nation, and ren- dred them fo ridiculous and phantafticall : but it is well that Fafhion died at the Gallo vves with her who was the fuppofed inventrix of it. The bombafting ol long Peafe-cod-bellied Doublets, fo cumberfotfie to arme, and which made men feeme fo far from what they were, was fure invented in emulation of the Grobian> or All- paunch Family $ and the fame affe&ation with that of the Gordians and Mufcoiites, and other Gorbellied Nations. The The Englifli Gallant. 537 The flafhing, pinking, and cutting of our Doublets, is but the fame phanfie and affectation with thofe barbarous Gallants who flafh and car- bonado their bodiesj and who pinke and raze their Sattin, Damaske, and Duretto skins. I law in Pater-nofter-rotf> the day this fhcetcameasa proofe unto me, the Picture of Francis the fir ft King of France , drawn in full length, who was painted in a Jerkin-like doublet, flafhed in the Bread downwards towards the Belly, which for the curiofity of the workmanfhip, andthefingu- larity of the habic> was valued at two hundred pounds. A a a a a Thefe 5^8 7 be P edigree of The Tc Gallants might be put to fchoole to the. CynccehhaitfS) who as Rkumelim faiths /y/eCynocephalus fe zelat pellefe-rarum T riflif) [I nudum fe fine vefl e zidet. Quanta fed bumanos zexat dementia moreh D'um-nudo cerni cor pore membra zolunt ? Segment'd' z ariis lacerant & tegmina zeflif) Vt zix rimofa zejte pudenda tenant. When we wore fhorcwvaded Doublets, and but a little lower than our Breads, we would maintaine by militant reafons that the wade was In its right place as Nature intended it : but when after Rh u me 1. Phi- IvJ-Anmal, The Englifli Gallant. 555 after (as lately ) we came to vveare them fo long walled, yea, aimoft fo low as our Privities, then began we to condemn the former fafhion as fond, intolerable, and deformed 5 and to commend the later as comely, bandfome, and commendable. A bind of madneffe or felfe-fond humour that giddieth ( as one faith ) our underftandings, fo newfangled and fudden, .that all the Tailors in the world cannot invent Novelties fufheient 5 one felfe- fame judgement, in the fpaceof fifteene or twenty yeares, admitting not only two or three different, but alfo clcane contrary opinions 3 with fo light and incredible conftancy 5 that any man would wonder at it. The wafte ( as one notes ) is now come to the knee ; for, the Points that were ufed to be about the middle, are now dangling there, and now more lately the wafte is defen- ded down towards the Ankles. Thofe filthy and Apilh Breeches, that fo open- ly ihew’d our fecret parts 5 with the vaine and un- profitable modell of a member, which we may not fo much as name with modc-fty, whereof not- withftanding we made publike fhew and open demonftration, was the fhadowed imitation of the reall bulke of the great Privy Membred Gui- neans . Or elfe this fafhion feemes to have been derived from the Indians of the Ifland La Trim- Lindfcoc. 7 V*« dad) who beare their members in a Gourd or 1 ,z ' Reed, as it were in a fheath, letting their ftoncs hang out; before the Spaniards came into the Country they wore fuch kind of Codpieces bor- dered with Gold and Pearle, which Cuftome the Spaniards made them to leave. And thefe A a a a 3 Ribband- 54 . 0 The Pedigree of Ribband-bufhes that our modcrne Gallants hang at their Cod-piece } want nothing but Bells inftead of Tagsjto be allied in their Phanfie to the yard- balls of thofe of Aga , Pegu, Sianh and the Bramas^ who delight in luch gay babies and Codpiece mufique. Bombafted paned hofe were, fince I can remember, in fafhion, but now our hofe are made fo clofe to our Breeches, that} like Irifh Trowfes, they too manifeftly difcover the dimenfionsof every part. What would Turkes fay to an Englifh man thus ftri&ly cloathed, who deteft our little and freight breeches as difhoneft, becaufe they too much expreife our fhamefull parts. At The Englifh Gallant. 541 At the time when the fafhion came up of wea- ring Trunk-hofe, home young men uied fo to ftuffe ilmm with rags, and other like things, that you might find home thatufed fuch inventions to extend them in compaffe with as great eagerneffe, as the women did take pleafure to weare great and (lately Verdingales, for this was the lame affe&ation, being a kind of Verdingall Breeches. The Author of the Spanifh Gallant tels us a (lo- ry of what happened to one that thought he excelled fo much in this fafhion, that he fluffed a Follado of Velvet, that he did wearer with branne, and being fet in feemely manner amongft fome Ladies, to whom he clefired'lo (hew his bravery and neatneffe, as he was talking merrily 542 The Pedigree of merrily of fomething that pleafed him, he was fo exccdingly taken with delight that poffeffed him, that he could not take notice of a fmall rent which was made 3 with a naile of the chaire he fat upon, in one of ois two pockets of branne ( who though theharme wasbut in his hofe, yet he found it af- ter in his hearty) for, as he was moving and ftroa- king himfelfe ( with much gallantry) the bran be- gan to drop out by little and little, without his perceiving it, but the Ladies that fat over againft him and law it fit being by his motion like meale that commeth from the Mill as it grinderh) laugh- ed much at it, and looked one upon another, and the Gallant fuppofmg that his good behaviour, mirth, and fporting, was pleafing to them, laugh- ed with the Ladies for company 5 and it fo much pleafed him, that the more he ftrove to delight the company, the more the Mill did grind forth the branne } the laughter by little and little encreafed, and he appeared as confident as a man that had fhed much bloud by a wound, untill he efpied the heape of branne, which came out of his hofe, and then he began to recall himfelfe, and dilfembling his fhame, he tooke his leave and departed, to mend the mifehiefe that lay in ambufh for him, as the Provcrbe goes, You may find out lloud iy the footfleps. Better profit than this did a Priloner make of the linings of his breeches, who being to go before thejudge for a certaine caufe he was ac- cufed of, it being at that time when the Law was in force againft wearing Bayes fluffed in their Breeches, and he then having fluffed his breeches very full, the judges told him that he did weare The English Gallant. 545 his breeches contrary to the Law: who began to excufc himfelfe of the offence, and endeavouring by little and little to difeharge himfelfe of that which he did weare within them, he drew out of his breeches a paire of Sheets, two Table Cloaths, ten Napkings, foure Shirts, a Brufh, a Glalfe, and a Combe, Night-caps, and other things of ufe, faying, fall the Hall being ftrewed with this fur- niture) your Highneffe may underftand, that be- caule I have no fafer a ftore-houfe, thefe pockets do ferve me for a roome to lay up my goods in, and though it be a ftraight prifon, yet is is a ftore- houfe big enough for them, for I have many things more of value yet within it. And fo his dilcharge was accepted and well laughed at, and they commanded him that he fhould not alter the furniture ©f his ftore-houfe, but that he fhould rid the Hall of his ftuffe, and keep them as it pleafed him. This was the garbe of the old Eng- lish Gallantry, of whom a Chronologcr of curs H,liing(h«d faith, that they bellowed more coftof their Ar- clt>on ‘ fes than they did on the reft of their whole body. That upftart impudence and innovation of na- ked breads, and cutting or hallowing downe the neck of womens garments below their fhoulders, an exorbitant and fhamefull enormity and habit, much worne by our femi-Adamits, is another meerepeeceof refined Barbarifme, as if it were done in defigne, as one faith, whofe thoughts were neare upon contemporary with my conceit, to facilitate an accommodation with thofe American Ladiesin theCourtof King Atabiliba^ or Poca- buncas 5 and having once bandied there, it may B b b b hazard 544 The Pedigree of hazard them upon a fhrewd profpeft of Hercfie, and by degrees and infenfible infinuations, hint them upon the dangerous approaches of a full Bruicifh Adamitifmej fo natural! it is for er- rour to beget errour, and to tranfmit it felfe from bad to worfe, and of Phantafticall to become Dogmaticall. jo.Bohem. de The women of Germany, as Bohemus obferved bi his time, although then their Garments were honeft and comely enough, as having nothing that could be julfly reprehended 3 if by fome of them they had not been hallowed too much above. The common Genfure that thefe Pap and fhoulder ‘point- baring Semi-Elites ufually incur, is, that they leeme to have fome tacite defigne to provoke luftfull appetite, and to invite the cheapning eye of Carnal! Chapmen, otherwile they would not fo openly expofe their flefh, as it were, to fale. Which proftitution differs more in the Scene than The Englifh Gallant. 545 the obfceneneffe from that kifolent Cuflome of the T axilanian Virginsj who when they are in the flower of their age, and their Parents want means to prefer them in marriage 3 are brought by found of Trumpet into open market, and there difcover their nakedneffe fir A k parte po(t burner o tenuf^ZQi- wasds prefenting their foreparts, and by this ftratagemj pleating fome? procure themfelves husbands. I hope my zeale to reformation will cxcufe the breadth of this or any other Hiftorical plaineneffe. Nor is this cuflome among us only a iin againft modefly, but it proves many times pre- judicial! to healths for I have obferved fome La- dies who by this inconvenient Garbe of naked- neffe have loft che ufe of their hands, which have been refolved and hung Changeling-like 3 through a refrigeration of the originall of the Nerves 3 which from the Neck fend thofe Nerves to the Hands which enable them with motion 3 to which mifchiefe fome Mercuriall Dealbation ( which this fafhion ufually requires) might perhaps con- tribute. Yet this fafhion may change, and Ladies may ceafe to be fo open breafted, for it is not an age flnee thefe parts began to be fo inclofed 5 that amorous Gallants were excluded fromfuch an alluring object, which made one of them in thofe times complaine toa Lady 3 againft the Cu- ftome of fo injurious a coneealement 3 who was wantonly anfwered by a queftion, why men, to the prejudice of their contemplation, had left off their great Codpieces ? Bobermis reports, that j 0 .Bohem. wore j 0 .Bobem. de them fnouted as we now do. And indeed we riubusgcnt. both had this from the French y for when sMelli- ^' 3 ' cm 550 The Pedigree of cm was a boy, all the Courtiers then wore their fhoocs protended in the fore-part in the fafhion of a little horn or crefcent of halfe a foot long, which falhion is now feen in your Trench and Englilh Gentryjbutaftcrwards the moon changed, and the French Gallants wore their boots Sc fhooes excee- dingly expanded in the Toe in manner of Bears, but drawn into a narrower forme behind 3 thatisfcarce capable of containing the heele, like the over- par’d 3 uneafie, and Gig-like hceles of our ill-fet up Gallants, which puts them into fo tottering a condition, that when they have fpun a while in the ftreets, ufuallycome hoblingdown 3 and in this fafhion are emblematically prefented to be unftable in all their waies. This falfe and lying appearance is a fault very ordinary in S paints where women 3 for the moft part, (if not all) thus diffemble; which made a Traveller fay, that in S paint (almoft) all the women were tall either by Nature or Art 3 who commonly prove no more but halfe wives, for at the wedding night it may be perceived that halfe the Bride was made of guilded Corke. What a prodigious aTc&ation is that of Chop- pines, where in our ladies imitate the Venetian and Perfian Ladies. The affe&ation of encreafing of height, was, it feemes, an ancient vanity 3 noted by Tertulli- an^ who in his time complained of it, marvelling at the audatioufneffe of man, which fetteth him- f. Ire againft the word of our Saviour, that it is not in us to adde any thing to the meafure or height that God hath given to us : And notwith- ftandincr ^ D ' T be Englifli Gallant 5 5 1 {landing Ladies endeavour themfelvcs to do the contrary, by adding upon their heads ftrong inven- tions of Tiara s, which may ferve for a Icffon to the women of our Times) who raife themTelves up ac the feet, to a delufive apparition ©filature, be- yond thenaturall proccrity. This ridiculous Folly of aifefting new fhapes, or rather difguifes of apparel!) hath been taken notice of, and condemned by many • The Author of the Navis (lultifera cries out again ft them. C mores hominum^corrupta o tempora & atral Nemo nefas cenfet veftesgeftare plicatas? Atque habitw curtos nimium tinP.ofque colore 3 Vnde palam apparent genitalia membra , pudore C c c c Depofito 552 The Pedigree of Depofito ; ( /z«#o conduntur tegmine dunes-) JQnd tunicas memorem Varies ? quid pallia, narrem l Fimbria qu£ croceo zeffit circundata Lymbo i Qjyidze pedum referam zefiitu ufque probrofos l Mori bus Ajjiriosfequimur, Turcof que Propbanos Et Recutitorum pejores ritibw : Eheu , Taha cur patens pugnax Germania ? pelle , Me tnquam ritw media de gente pudendosi Nezetuam per das famam , Dew ultor acerbw Hos preme i k quorum nafcuntur Crimtna zita* Quifquis amat ritus proferre & fngere inanes Infbitueni populos fic nozitate rudes. Is mala dat cupidee Ludibria mult a juzentre , JEt ft ul turn mani bus (tuition iqfetrahit. Thefe,we fee, are the heavieft lading in the fhip 3 of all thofe that fraighted the fhip of Fooles,by the Matter whereof (of old) they were irnited a fhipboard by this Poeticail fummons. Draw near e ye Courtiers and Gallants difguifedo Te counterf eit Caitizes that are not content As God bath you made , hts work* is dejpifed , Te think you more wif ; than God omnipotent ; Jtnflable is your mind , that fjjews by your Garment , A focle is known by his toyes , and his Coat, But by their cloathing now we may many note. Apparell is apaired , ad fadneffe ts decay'd. The Garments are^gone that 'longed to honesty) And in newfortsnewfooles are arrai'd , DAfifing the Cu(tome of good Antiquity 3 Mani' , TSeEnglifli Gallant. 553 Mansforme is disfigured with every degree j As Knight, Squire, Yeoman, Gentleman^nd Knave', ForaH , in their going) ungodly them behave . The time hath been, not long before our dales , ( tent , When men with honefi; ray could hold then] elves con- Without thefie dif gulfed and counterfeit nates, Whereby their goods are wafted, loft and jjtent. Few keep meafure, but exceffe and great outrage. In their apparell ; andfo therein they proceed That their goods is ftent, their Land laid to morgage. Or fold out-right •, of thrift they take no heed . Having no penny to fuccour them at their need. So when their Goods , byfuch ill waflefulnefje, is lost. They fell againe their C loath s for halfethey co(t. Young men def tended of worthy Aunceft ry. Which go full wantonly in diJJ olute array. Counterfeit, dif gulfed, and much unmannerly Blazing and guarded, too low, or elfe too high , (go’th. And mde without meafure, their (iuffe to wafiethus But other fome theyfuffer to die for lack of cloath. Some their necks charged with collors and Chaines, As golden withes their fingers full sf Bings, Their necks naked alrnoff unto the Raines , Their fleeves blazing like a Cranes wings : Thus by this delufingfuch counterfeit things, They disforme that figure that God himfelfe bath made) On pride and abufion thus are their minds laid. C C C C 2 For e^4 TbeV edigree of For this counterfeit abufion and mifhapen fafliions of Fooles thus abuiing their rayment he cals-,*— — To fiip G all ants , come ne&re , / [ ay, againe 3 with your fet bufhes courling as men of Inde j (Train, Ton counterfeited Courtiers , come with your flyina Exprefl by thef ? variable Garments that ye find T o attempt chafleDamf tls^and turn them to your mind ; Tour Treaft you difeover and neck 3 thmytur abufion 5 /s the fiends bate , yourfoules conf ufion. Come neare difguifed fooles> receive your fooles hood ; And ye that in f undry colours are arrat'd> Te gar ded Gallants wafting thus your Good ; Come neare with your fijirts bordered and difplai'd In forme of Sur plots iforfooth it may be f aid That of your fort right few fhall thrive this y ear, e. Or that your Fathers wearefuch habit in the Queer. .And ye Gentlewomen whom this lewd vice doth Hind , Laced on the back, your peakes fet aloft , Come to ivy [hip, forget ye not behind Tour f addle on the T aile , if you lift to fit f ft ; Da on your Deck-Sluh if you purpefe to come oft 5 I meane your Copin-Tanke , and if it will do no good To keepe you from the raine , ye fhall have a fooles hood. By the Ale-ftake know we the Ale-houfe , And every Inne is known by the figne , So a lewd woman and a leacherous Is known by her cloaths, be they neat or fine. Following new factions not granted by doBrine, The The Englifli Gallant. The Butcher fheweth his fefh is to fell. So do thofe women-) damning their fouies to hell. And then fhewing they are not content with the fhape that God hath made. Alas thus all Eftates of Chriften men declines , And of women alfo d is forming their figure ffOrfie than the Iewes->Turke$,or Sarazins. Ah England> England, amende or beyoufure Thy noble name and fame cannot endure 5 Amend 5 -left God do grievoufly chaftife Both the beginners and' followers of this nice . The L envoy of Alexander Barclay the Tranflator* Kec luce Courtiers clear ely unto your remembrance From whence this disguifing was brought wherein ye As I remember it was brought out of France, (go 3 This is to your pleafure : but paine ye had alfo, As French pox, hot ills with other paines moe Take ye in good worth the fweetnefje with thefoure , For often pleafure endeth with forrow and dolour. What difference there is betwixt the com- plexion of thefe and that lazy Lubber in the Co- medy, who fo ftrangely detefteth the troublefome vanity of apparrell, Lupa. I would the Tailor had been hang’d for me Thatfirft invented cleaths.O Nature 5 Nature ! More cruell unto man than all th.y Cfeatures I Cccc 3 Calves 556 TktMim $ , Calves came into the world with doublets on ; And Oxen have no breeches to put off. (her : The Lambe is borne with her freeze-coat about Hogs go to bed in reft, and are not troubled ( ning W ith pulling off their hofeand fhooessi'th' mor- With gartring, girdling, truflfmg, buttonning. And a thoufand Torments that afftift humanity. Rife, and make one ready ! Two workes of that, your happy birds make one; They when they rife are ready ; bleffed birds ! Theydortunate creaturesdleep in their own cloths And rife with all their feather-beds about them ; Would nakedneffe were come againe in faihion^ I had fome hope then when the breads went bare Their bodies too would have come to’t in time. Montaigne would-willingly excufe man for ha- ving no other patterne or rule of perfe&ion d?uc his ovvne Cuftomes,and his own Falhions j for it is a common vice 3 not only in the Vulgar 3 but, as it were 5 in all, to bend their aime, and frame their thoughts unto the fafhions wherein they were borne. Yet hebewailes the particular indifereti- on, that men fuffer themfelves to be blinded, as to be deceived by the Authority of prefen tCuftome, and that if Cuftome pleafeth, he is ready to change opinion, and vary advice everynsondyuy, every day, and judgetn fo diverfly of himfelfe. And fo remarkably uncertaine and giddy-headed herein are we, that whereas all grave Nations are eonftant to their habits, and may be deferibed by them, they ufe to paint anEnglifh man nakedjwirh a The, Engiifli Gallant 557 a paire of Sheeres in his hand, to fit his own un- certain humour,and undeterminate fhape. The Germans better then we and the French, have kept the Quality that Tarim gives them, and that which Ammianus reciteth j 'fn (b great a num- ber of men, faith Tacitnh there is but one fafhioft of Garments. And although thefe are but fuper- ficiall faults, yet they are of evil! prefkges, and we are warned 1 that the maine hummers of ourheu- fes fade and fhrinke, when we fee the Quarters bend, or walls to breake. Plato in his Lawes, think es there is no worfe plague, or more perni- cious in hisXhty, than to iuffer youth to have the reines of Liberty in their ownhand, to change in their attires from one forme unto another, and re- moving the judgement, now to this, now to that place, following new fangled devices, and regar- ding their Inventours. Ariflippm ( indeed ) being of a contrary complexion to Plato, thought, that no Garment could corrupt a chafte mind. But all C i- vill Nations have juftly thought this fpreading mifehiefe, when it grew high, worth the retrain- ing rthe prodigious and ridiculous vanity of thefe times ( if ever ) calling for fumptuary Laws to re- preflfe the Apifh Fantafticalnc-ffe of apparell, in the luxurious ufe whereof men feeme neither to underhand the times, themfelves, nor others. The Mode being now held the only thing of confe- quenceour Gallants fixe their judgements upon $ for, they note the Gar be and Demeanour of men^ they view his Boots, and.bis Hat,and according as it complies, or failes iw conformity to them, fo they marke and pronounce what manner of man he he is; as if man confuted meerely of an out-fide. This very phantafticality being a reproach 5 frjo.Mand. evcn unt0 Chriftiani 7* The S Quid an of Cairn Travels ^ told Sir John Mandcvill upon a day in his Cham- ber} asking him how Chriftians governed them- felvcs in our country 3 and he anfwering, right well thankes be to God ; He faid fecretly nay, for a- mong other things he obje&ed, he faid they were fo proud that they wift not how to, death thcm 5 now fhortj now long, now (freights now wide, and of all fafhions, whereas they fhould be hum- ble and meeke. Thefimplicity of the Bragmanni- &n women condemnes the luxury ofjo^rs, who are not adorned to pleafe,neitherknowbyencrea- fing their beauty to affe&more than they have got, their members are cloathed with modefty 3 with- out tjie precious vanity of apparell. To conclude} touching thefe indifferent things, as cl'oaths and garments, whofoever will reduce them to their true end, mu ft fit them to the fervice and commodity of the body, whence dependeth their criginall grace and comlindfe} which can no way better be done then by cutting them accor- ding to the naturall fhape and proportion of the body, as we may probably imagine the skin-gar- ments were, wherewith the Lord God, who beft knew their fhape 3 firft doathed thenakedneffe of our firft Parents. What ufe is there of any then Arming fleeves, which anfwer the proportion of the arme ? Or to what end are our breeches as wide at the knee as the whole circumference of the wafte ? Or, why fo long, do they mak^mjea Duck-legd.20r,vyhy fo {trained outwitlvanintol- lerable Ti&eEnglifli Gallant. ierable weight and wafte of Points and Phanfies? To what end do Boots and Boot-hofe Tops ap- peared] that circumference between our Legsjthat we are faine to ufe a wheeling ftride,and to" go as it were in orbe, to the no little hindrance of pro- greffive motion, which the ftradling French bafely imitates, to the difguifes of the foule difeafe. It is a wonderfull teftimony of the imbeciility of our judgementSjthat when we have hit of a convenient fafhion we cannot keep to it, but we muft com- mend and allow of Fafhions for the rareneffe or novelty? though neither goodneffe nor profit be joyned to them. FINIS. Dddd i A Table of the chiefe matters contained in thefc Scenes. Locally difpoled accor- ding to an Alphabet, of the parts of the Body. A 3rmc*. B Lacl^ market or lifts Upon the Armts efteemed a great Gal- lantry . 2 8 6 Armes oakertd and dyed with red, blacke, white blackand yellow. Striped like unto panes ibid. Proud women where they paint their Armes, 187 Armes branded for love of each ether ibid. Many borne without Arms 300 Many borne with 4 Armes j bid. 301,304 Nations with X Armes on their right fde 30 1 Many endowed with 6 Armes ibid. A Nation that hath but one Arme 301 ,302 A child born without Arms 30Z A relation of one feen lately in London, mho was bernt without Armes and Hands ibid B IBeacsj. B Eard-haters iP 5 The honour of the Muftacho's,or haire on the upper lip ^indicated a- gainft thofe,who offer this indignity &defpighfto Naturf 19^,196,197 Ufes of t^Muft ache's j 97 Nations that fhai/e the chin and Dddd 2 other A Table of the chiefe matters other bar bad p Art i and nottrtfhthe AT u ft ache's ibid .er ipS That cu(hr/ie condemned, not on l y as an ah} of indecency, but of irja- Jhce and ingratitude again ft God ] and Nature ibid. cJ'c. 199,20c Cutting off Beards where apunilh- ment 2co 201 Where the wen weqre halfe their Beards [haven, t he other halfe long ibid. The ufs of the Beard and the endt to which it naturally ferves 2 c 6 , 2o 7 T he Beard the ftgn of a man 2 c 8 Loiers of a Beard. 2c efteemtd for a goodly thing 310,3 1 1 Where they have them under their W aft e, and ttnto their knees 3 1 o What force they ufe to draw out their Breafts to this length 3 1 1 Where they caft their Dugs ever their [boulders, and fo the childe fucketh as it hangs ibid That this is a device contrary to the intention of Nature, The inconvemen es attending theft goodly fagging Breafts or Ftp- fajhions ibid, or 3 13 The proportion of the Breafts m women g x 2 Natures proviftor. again ft the flagging of the Breafts, [0 low ibid That they fin againft Nature, whs nover tie them up, or forcibly draw them cut ibid Great Breafts no way commendable -314 A remarkable Hiftory of one that had great breafts gig Very little Breafts affetted 2 1 6 Ccfmeticky allowed, contrived by Art, to roftraine the extuberancy of overgrown Breafts , and to reduce them to their naiurall proportion ibid. That it u a crime in wemen not % i afford their Breafts to their owne Children, , 317 Hiftortes of many men having great Breafts bearing out like unto women , and that give fuck^unto. their own Children ibid. Male Nurfes 3 1 8 The baftnejfe of mens having milke in their Breafts, and giving ftickjuquired after and ft ate d 3 1 8, 3»P>3 J ® Mere mtn some to have mike in their contained in thefe Scenes. %yir Ere aft s 3.20 j The wals of the Breafis depraved Whether the Breafis of men were | by Nurfes 327 to have any mtlke m them 3 20 I The inconveniences offircugkt Whether the Breafis of Menge- [fwathing the Breafis of Children titrate mi Ike according unto Na- J ibid. tuns ibid. The Judgement of Phyfiiians The reputation of Nature in this againfi this Cufiome ibid. ktijhteffe vindicated 3 21 The perverfe Cufiome in England R'ght hand Amazons, who of old. offwaithing Chtldrcn } and fwaihing feared off their right Breafis 322] their Breafis, noted 3 3 o Left handed Amazons who now j The mtferable inconveniences feare off their left P apf ibid. Their reaforJ of theft Cufiomes 321,312,323 The Hifiory of the Amazons no fable 323 Thefe Viragoes taxed for lofing the compleate proportion and repre - fentation of the Chefis Ornament , for this unnaturaR convenience 324 What penalty they are like to in- curre by this mutilation or nnmeri- call offence ibid. The Breafis, why two, and their ufe < 323 The tamper of thofemen who have great Breafis , bearing out like wo- men that give fuck^ 3.2 4 Where , as a fingular piece of gal- lantry, the men have their Breafis pier fed from one fide to another, and where they have them both pierced , and what they carry therein 325 The abfttrd Cavillof Momus, againfi Nature t for not makjng a window in the Breafi of Man , exploded. 325,326 occafioned thereby ibii. and 331 That Confumptions andthe Ric- kets, wherewith we only are mole - fied,proceed from this fond Cufiome 33 2 >3 33 334 Cautions in ordering Infants 329 The naturall proportion of the Breafis 331 Thofe Nations commended who defiring rather abroad, then a nar- row Breafi, afuRthen a fi.ndcr, in • volve ratl.er then fwaths their In- fants, in a light fwath- band 336 The opinion of our modernPhyfiti - ans, touching the toe foone leaving off ffwaah- bands to be the caufe of the Rickets 337 The too early coating ef Chilr dren conceived to be another ibid. The mature time of coatirg Chil- dren 33S The Judgement of our Phi fit tans, in reference to the Rickets, touching the confiant ana fool; fh Fafctation , ufedto Children Dddd 3$ a ’?$3»334 Nat tone. II A T able of the chiete matters National! Examples, proving y hat it is a tetter way to bring up Chil- dren without fwadling, or btnding them upinfwaith-bands J 3 5>3 3^ That where there is nofwatthing, there is no news of the R iekjts 335 tv hat kinds of fwaithing our Climate cals for 33 6 The pernicious Cuflome of firaight lacing uftd by our Virgins 33I The mifehiefe that enfues by this deadly artifice of reducing the Breafhtofuch firaight s 339,340 That this was a fafhion of old ibid. The erroursofNurfes in ordering Infants j tending to this mifehiefe 340 The commendation of thofe Na- tions t who never lace themfelves: but affeli a round and full waft 341, 343 The art thej ufe to this purpofe. 3-14 Where the Breafts are accounted (hamefull parts, 3 1 5 The reafon in Nature, why women jhould have a mode ft regard of their Breajls. ibid i5;eec^(Sallanerp. 4 cp W HY Man naturally hath no taile. ibid. Divers tailed Nations. 410,41 1, 412 T ailed Mongers, 4 1 2 How a tale comes to be men- firoujly added to a humane offfpring 413 Sodomiticall abufsrs of this part noted and condemned. 413,414,415 JBqDb. N Ations that embroder their skins with Iron pens, and ft are , race, pinke, cut, and pounce their Bodies. 45 M 57 » 458 , 4 *M*S Whore they have s^in print sand paft garments for their Bodies , 45 * Where they paint their Bodies red, white, hlackjbtew , tawney,andetker colours iu workj , fucb as they de- H e - 457.458,459.460,461,4^2, 46 3,454,465,469 Enquire about Negroes, and how fo great a part ef man- kjnde became blacke. 466,467,468^69 Nations that ajfett the plumage of Birds, anddrejfe their Bodies all over with their feathers. 470,471 Hairy Nations. . 472 The caufe cf Ft lofty. 474 Men borne with (hogged Hatre, like a water Spanell. 47 J Nations that winde their bones like fnews. 476 Art ufed to make maids fat. 477 Why all men cannot be franked or made fit. 478 Corpulency, where in great efiem. 479 Monftreut contained in thefe Scenes.' Mon fir out fat men. 480,481 Fat folkes, where in di [grace. 482 Overfed-bodics, er. counter Na- ture. 483 growing Gyants by a difeafe 484 The can[c of tad future. 48 5 That Dive Ism A] exerctfe vent- rious afts with women. 514 That Divels cannot generate upon Women. 5 i 5 The Original / of Gy ants. 5 1 J Thefuppofed OrigtnaUof Neroes. 516 M canes to accelerate growth [ Why the Amazons did lame their or future. 48^ ,487 ] Male Children. Fatnejfe when it deth prejudice j An Art pretending to new make a Nature. 488 1 Mar.. 518 The n At ur ail magnitude of the I That Nature fometimes workes Body. 489 wonders in this ktnde. ibid . 5 1 9 A way to make men by Art. 490 The opinion of learned men t tou- ching this Artifice. 49 1 T be Pygmies of Paracclfus. 492 The Ccmmenfnration of Womans Body t v indicated. 493 The Hi for yes of Pigmies main- tained. 494.49^497-488 Nations of little men. 495 Pigmies without all queflion, 499 Dvoarfes made by art. 500 The reafon of dwarfi(h filature 501 That the Divell may make Pig- mies. 502,503 Hifiorios of Giants. 5 03,5 04 That Monfiers may be made by the Art of naturall Magtque. J to, alias 51 6 Mans Metamorphofis, 519, alias yai Whether Men can be transform'd into Beafis. 5 o2,aliat 522 Whether Witches have power to tranfubfiontiate others. 521, alias 523 That the foot It of Man cannot informe a Beafis body. 522, alias 3*4 Tranfubfiantiation denied. 523 alias 525 Mans transformation into an A fife. SheGyantt. 505 1 cpuefilioned. 524, alias 526, 525, The eaufie of final/ fiat ure. 5 c 6 | alias 527 The cauje of tallneffe of filature, j The inpiety of tranfubfiantiation. Nations of Gyants. J o 8 Men of very taH filature. 509 Over-t aline fir of filature a defor- msir. 5 1 o Whether Divels may have to d o 52$, alias 528,5 27 3 a!ias 525?. Changelings and the Leger demane thereof. 527,5 2 8,alias 529,510. 3fnt$e3[nfrQDimicR. The A Table of the chiefe matters E T HE inimitable curiofity an cl exalt perfection of the flrulttire if man s Body , maintained againft the errors of Epicurus. That it doth appeare, that the humane forme hath been altered t at] waifs, bt.h by an and dt nr nail Jucceffion. The audacious art of new moul- ding the body , reprehended, and the inconveniences thereof noted. AfiJwives and Nurfes , by their unsktlfuln ffe or negletl, the cau- fers of the ill figure of the Body. That every part of the new-born Infants Body , is to be formed accor- ding to the mofi advantage of Na- ture. That this is the end of Tofmeti- caH Phyficfe. Mercurialis his complaint, that this mtfi noble art of Cofmetiques is grown: out of ufe. C C&eeke. N ations, who bore holes in their . Cheeks for a Gallantry. 163, 164 Where they make lines above their lips, upon their Cheeky, with cert aine Iron Inftruments, 164 Cheeky markers condemned. I65 Injcifions upon the Cheeks , of old forbidden <£ars. N ' At ions, whofe Rates doe reach the ground, and who ufe their Eares, for a conch to fleep on. HI. 142,143 Nations with Eares fo large, that they covtr the rejl of their Body wsth them. ibid. An infant borne with fuch large and great Eares. 1 43 Nations with their Eares han- ging down to their (boulders, and lower. J44,I45'I46 Bj what art and induftry they at - taine unto fo great Eares . 1 4 1 4 6, 147 Nations that bore, pierce or flit the lappet of their Fares , and load them with ponderous Jewels. 145. 146, 1 47, *48, 149 Where the great eft Eares arc efieemtd the fatrrft,and they accoun- ted more honorable that have them. 146,147 The deformity introduced by the arttficiall great Eares. 157 The ufe of the lobe or lower lap- pet of the Ear e. 1 $6 Where the wider the holes arcyhe mire noble they efieem themfclves t* be. 146 The prodigious widene ffe of their Eare-holes meafured. ibid* Nat tont with their Rare t bered ~ 7 ' full contained in thefe Scenes. full of hales. 149 ' Where long Eases are held fetch a note of Gallantry , that they call them Apes t t hat have not their Ewes long, I4S Where then Gallantry is to wears pegs of wood, fender like knitting me dies y (t finger longhand, make them leaky like hedge-hoggs. 1 Large Ear’d fee- Gallants. Predigi ms kynd of Ear ings, and Pendants, Worne by mof Nations. 14^15 c >» 5 *>* 5 3 what beauty it was, that Nature invented m the outward Ear , 155 Men with Ajfes Ea>es. 159 Where People have the nether part of their Eares cut into a round circle , hanging downe very low up- on their Cheeks. 15 1, 1 c , 2 Why man hadlejfe Eares afiigned him then other Animals, 157 Lie natural/ proportion, fymeiry , and beamy of the Eare, ibid, and 155 The prodigious vanity of Earrings noted, and exploded. 4» x 5 5 The ufe of the outward Rare. 156 That this horrid afe Elation of great Eares , in this pack^of large Efir'ddicll- bounds, favours of more then the ordinary vanity incident tomank» their forehead, lOj, ica, 105* JC4 A Monocular clilde born. 1 04 Wtoy man hath naturally two Eyes. 1 c 1 Children burnewitbout Eyes. 1 04 Nations Without Eyes. ibid. 540 M. n with four e Eyes. jO> UWen that have Eyes in their Shoulders. ibid. 240 A man with two E yes in the hin- der part of his head. ibid. An Infant born with Eyes feated in the ( boulders , ibid. An Infant borne which had his Eyes in his breaf. ibid. B e e e Sundry A Tabic of the chiefe matters Sundry kjvdes of Eves, peculiar to many Nat to is. ioj, ic 6 108,109, ’ 110,511 Red circles painted about the cyes } among other notes of fear fill brave ~ ?)’ lc 6 Where they make one Eye white , and t ':e other red and jelL w. ibid, Three ftreeky under the Eye, where, a note of dijlintilton of Peo- }tt. ibid. Where the women have blew jlr oaks about the/r Eyes , ibid. Where they have Cert a ne msrky between their Eyes, made only for a bravery yv it h a cold Iron. 1 07 Where they put between their Eye- lids and, their Eye, a certains ilac'y p-wder, the letter to fetou r \ she whiteneffe of the Eye , 1 cj Where t hey judge thofe tnofi beau- tify. ll,t bat have great retting Eyes. 1 07 Where the great eft Eyes like fa w- rsrsy of hue blacks, are accounted the mi ft beau t if ull and excellent, ibid. Narrow Eye s, where fo eft cent? da n&vicndl beaut y^ that when they would portrait i out a deformed man, they paint him with broad Eyes. 108 The natural l magnitude of an Eye, proportionable to that Face } wherein it is lodged, what it ought is be. I op That Eyes which exceed the na- tural. mediocrity, being ttjje or greet-- ter then this meafure,cdnot be really beaatiful/ } in a natter all acceptation, I lo Mi an onely hath hie Eyes enamel’ d round with divers colours. j 1 » Whence this diverfity proceeds , ibid. That ftnee Nations are wit h mingled, we know not wh.it rar ere fs to chufe , for the beauty ef the Eyes , for many love one colour a id f me another. ibid, <£?c-b;afe& W Hsre the Wtmen tye up their Foreheads fo ftnFc with fillets, that they canoot move their E)e-brows, §5 How the Eye-brews are hindred hereby in their mofi ftgnficant ope- rations. jbi.^o Beetle Brows in fashion. 87 Where they putt out and eradi- cate,?. 11 the haires of their Eyebrows. ibid« What inconveniences this de- fpightfull prevarication, brings up- on them, who thus wilfully deprive them ft lv:s of theft Ornaments of the Face, 88 The natural nfe of the Eye • brows ajfer(ed. ibid. Divers waies of correUin % and painting the Sje-brows pratttfed by divers Nations, 89,90,91 That this Geometry exei cifed in the Eye-brows, is not allowable. 91 , That blacking them} when N a- contained in thefe Scenes. tars hath produced them of another Colour s is deftruftive to the know* ledge of complexions ytnd prejudici- al l to the cautionary art of Phy fogy nomj . ibid. T riAngular and high at ehed E) c ~ brows. ces condemned. 24 5 The true Symetry of the Face, X vindicated agamfi this artificial! perver fine fie of thefie pace-moulders. 240 That tht eminency, and extant Mays fine of the Face is hereby per- verted and defirojed. 24° A long thin face where afiefted, 13,242 What Artfice they ufe to extend their Faces, to that long tv nil figure . ibid. Square Faces.where afitBed. I 4, 242,243 That the for mall appearance of theFaCe,is generic ally repefed in the chin alone , as that which makes the final! judgement of the face of man. 244 Eeee ? Tht A Table of the chiefe matters The alfolute pcrfettion of a wo- j The providence of Nature /W- mansFae. 1^2 j rated by the induflry of the ft The natur all and comely Face of Artisans {or rather Cnrtez>ws ) man agreeable to proportion, and ac- | who fmooth and pohfJrtt. ibid, C>rdini to humane nature. 243,244 J Muptians accounted amorg them. Men with Degi Faces. 17 244; that corrupt and deform the face '245,246 j 27? The artifice thefe Cynoprofoptufe,^ That that motion which offends to mould their Faces to this concave j the Face produath no harm otiose: figure. 24$ found, or doth n*t a company it pro- This invention condemned. 246, ' portionably. 27 4 247 | The figure of the Face \ into what ■ Where they cut freak/ and make \dfferences generally difttnguf, ed holes in their Faces, inway of gal- J 139 iantry. 247,248,249,2 50,2 5 i j 7 he figure of the Fate, and that 7 he cruel l gallantry 0) the / whs. which Critiques in beauty call the 248 form fet out. j - - St igmatiz.tr s of the Face. 250 25 i Whe-'C a tor He and bloody Face is the Womans beauty. 2 5 ° Where they pounce a^d race their Faces, putting mdeleable colours therein. 250,252 JV t ion Painters .t 54 > 25 5 ,256, 257,258,259,260,251 Spotted Faces cffeRed. 2 Si BUck^patches noted and exploded. 261,261,163 Tainting an old trade. 2 63 The vanity of painting. 265 Painting in a man, odious. 2 63 Painters admonifhed. 26S Fainting , a bafe invention, and condemned. 267,269 - The ufa of the cuticle of the Face, 2 66 l' 5 o That beauty refdes in the forme. ibid. That it is not the graphical con * Jhtujion of p srts,bat t he concord and Agreement of parts, that makes a beaut full or comely face. ibid. The ab flute form of 4 man j Fac * 3 * The abfo lute forme of a womans Face. ibid. 132 jfoe&eai?. W There they are adjudged mofl beaut full who have little low and fhort Foreheads. 74 By what artificiall meanes they labour to have fuch Foreheads * ibid Somewhat the like affeflation in men and. women, obferved in a ftfbiott, lately ufed by w* ibkL The. contained in thefe Scenes. The grcjfe indignity they offer au- to Nature, who endeavour to have pech Cat-like Foreheads. 75,7 6 The inconveniences of lit tie Tore, heads. 76 if' hat artfficiall violence , wai pro- bably ufed 10 the conformation of fuch a Itttle Forehead , by a ptrver- fion of the tiaturaU forme. 76,77 How Nature hath circunf [cub'd the Forehead. 74.75 Very high foreheads affelled. 77, 78 What they doe to cbtaine fuch Foeheadf. ibid. Where they love a broad Forehead. . 7 8 What art h ufed tv have it fa. ibid. What is properly a broad Fo> ehead. 7 9 Whom it may become . ibid. That it is not a, figure much diffe- ring from the naturdll. ibid . Where they a fe great care to have cxporrefted Foreheads. 79 Where a prom.nent Forehead is ajfeftedy asafgne of a valiant man. 80 How they endeavour to reprefent this gibbofity of the Front. 8 0 That frontall afield ation exploded as fallacious and not conferring to their e'ndr, ibid. Wherein Nature is damn f , ed by this afieHatjsdn, ibid. 8 1 The regular beauty of the Fore- head vlhdiCAted) and the mturall magnitude and proportion thereof fet cut, 8 1 That the Forehead ought to draw nightr to a pUinnefie then a convex • ity or concavity. 82 T hat a front dfpofed according to Nature , Gomes tmo a natural l nseds- sertty. ibid. The reafins cf both thefe. ibid. 7 hat the from alone may be v.ir. - ed.76zw.iies, 130 Where they have cloudy Fere- heads made fo by art 8 2 Wherein this aff illation croffeth the intention of Nature, ibid. 8 3 Where they have generally fmooth foreheads. 8 1 I Stigm ittxld Foreheads , where ac- counted a grace, and a note ofge> e - rofty. 8 3 Frontall Char aiders, where favrU* ar and e flee me d gre.it enfignes of ho- nour and mb. hty. ibid. This phantafiicaR prevarication exploded. 84 Nations, that fpot and paint their Foreheads, i'old. W lento they affront Na’ure by this devife. i 5 jfingcrSi ^7 Edigiti, or men with fx fingers ^ upon a hand. 304 Menfters borne with fix fingers on each hand. ibid. 3c 5 s /3 fixth finger unprofitable for £ e e e 3 the A Table of the chiefe matters the mop part, but not alwaies. 3 05, 3 c 6 Moot. 'Here they are accounted the fine [}; and properefi women , who have f 'mall feet , which are held a great grace. 416 , 4 17 What artifice their mothers ufe from their Infancy to have them re- mains f mall. 417 Another fuppofed origtnall of this cufiome. ibid. The force of this cufiome. ibid. How the all ton of the foot is pre- judiced by this cufiome, 456,417, 420 What women in Europe have the haflfect. 418 Where women have their feet fo f, mall that they are called SparroW* footed. 42 1 What feet are properly called fmatt 42O Little feet more pie af ant to looke upon than fer vies able unto the bodji and although they may be accounted delicate i yet not beautiful L ibid. Where the women are well propor- tioned in their feet. 43 The nat urall ufe of the Foot. 418 That it is truly admirable , that man fupported upon two narrow foies of his Feet fee aid be kept upright and not fall, 4 1 9 Whence it is that he fiands fa firmcly Upon fo narrow a Baps. 4 i p> . 420 That fhoogs, or any induments of the Feet are befides Nature, and ve. r J_ ptejudtciall to the allien of the Toes cf the Feet. " 4 ,p Nation! with feet of a Cubit l ‘"S- 421 Nations that have but one mon- firous broad foot, corjeclurally, in- larged by Art. 421,422 Nations that have but one leg and foot ,and one arme. 422.425 Wild men who have their feet tur- ned backward behind their legs. 422 Such another Nation with eioht Tces ; ibid. Where they have long legs , broad feet And long toes. 42 5 Nations with crooked feet. ibid. AI on fiers borne with foure feet 300,301 Monflcrs borne with three feet. 3d Nations with one foot. 422 Men wi h feet faff toned Itke a halfe mo one , with two toes or. each fot- ibid. Where they have generally two nailes upon their little toes. ibid. Whether Any fuch Monfters (hall appeare with their deformities in the RefurrelTon. 423,414 Where the beauty of the Coun- try is to colour their feet red. 424 Where they colour the nailes of their contained in thefe Scenes. their ft et red. H T Hat the naturaU mould or fi- gure of tl e Head hath been tampered with,and altered by Art. i That Mdwives and Nut fa in all Regions have a great h an dan firm i'gof Childrens Heads after their btrths. 2 J he firfi head-moulders we read of where founded how named, ibid. Where they were eft e erne d the b c fi Cjtntlemen who had the longefl fi- gar- loaf ci-ke Heads. icid. The Artifice difeevered whereby they did conflraine their Heads to grew ir.tothk figure, ibid. 3 That this artificialneffe in pro- cejfe of time was converted into Na- ture, infomuch as ther.ceforth the Art and diligence of the Midwives therein became Jape ’zfototu. 3 That when Nature was left to her liberty , Without oppreffing her any longer by Art , (he turned by lit- tle and little to recover the figure which jhe bad before. ibid. W.hat Nations be fide s the Phoxi u/Hippocrates, were noted of old to have high turbinated heads. 3,4,6 Where this figure of the Head is infafhion at this day, and he Id a nope of great gentility, md a gallant Jpi- nt. ibid.. The Artifice ufed by them to in- troduce this forme ofithe Head-fold. From whence they received this cujtome. 5 That this compulfive force of Artis many times very injurious to Nat tire and her operations , but not alwaies . ibid. When this figure proves a difeafe, when not. ibid. This by Bauhinus accounted a fifth figure of the Head, contrived by Art. 38 The property that thefe fiugar- l&afe-hke Headed Gallants have in 'the word yo^ov maintained again fi thofe Phyfitians and Anatomifts that have tjuefiioned it. 36,37.38 That Nature hath many times mocked Art in producing this figure of the Head infome Mi nfiers. 5 Nations affecting a long Bead- 7 By what Artifice they are brought unto it. itei d. What inconveniences attend.' this ajftttation,prailifed upon fappofuicn of conferring beauty on children . 8 Short-heads , end Flat-heads by what Nations afielied. ibid. | The Art whereby they atta r.e \ unto that figu/e of the Head. ibid. I : The inconventer.cts that many j times enfue this a {ft fled fafhton tf 1 the Head , with i the reajons and 1 examples thereof. 9 4-1 Ros. nd- heads by what Nations effected A T able of the chiefe matters af'ccl ed of old y and at this day . i o T hi art by which they acquire and nourfh this figure of the head, m their Children. ibid. 1 1, 12 T he da mm age they fix ft a ne by thus forcmg their heads , to a fphe- tica'.l forme or thorough roundueffe. i I , I 2 A round head why commended by A'ibertus Magnus. - 12 Broad Hi ads bj what Nations af- fected. ibid. 1 3 what art they ttfe to caufe this ajfebled deformity. ibid ibid. Azery long , thin ovall Head where fiffcBed. ibid. By what art they attaint to this deformity. ibid. Square Heads, where inffrion. ( .14 What Art is ufs\to bring thar childrens Heads to this fafhion. ibid. The violation of this Artifice not prachfed, nor this fafhion of the Head known in the time of Gallen ibid That Gallen reckoning up the future non-natural! figures if the Head-, and amongft the reft this , though that this cc-uldnot poffibly be found. ibid. Vefalius his authorities and ex- perience oppoftngQdWtn in this mat - ter. 15 Hermans opinion concerning this being accounted among the non* 1 naturall, or i nv alette dinar y fgures of the Head. ibid, 7 he dammage that thefe gal- lants fuffer in their intellect ualis by this affectation. ibid. id An example of a child borne with a kind of angular head , by the phyftcall Corrector reduced to the nat (trail fhape. 16,17 Cynocephali.er Nations affecting the forme or figure of a Dogs- head, holding it a Jingular beauty in them . 17,18,245 That they have this refemblance not naturally , but artificially and I. ow they bring their new borne Children to thts fafhionable defor- mity. 20,246 A kind of Phyftognopty to df- cetne all Nations by the figure of their Heads. 6 T he regular beauty and honefiy of Nature indicated from thefe depravations of Art , 3 4,3 5 The naturall figure of the head ftated. $6 Its legitimate magnitude. 35 Thefoure equall reciprocal, linet required, liar the parts of the head front d agree among themfclvst , ibid.& 3 6 What inequality of thefe lines in their ju/} and uaturatl confiuuthn make a Head long , [hart, bread, ac- cuminatcgr qaflv. 36 That all figures of the Head are not equally naturall , at Columbus fuppofeth. . contained in thefe Scenes. fuppofeth. 38 That that figure of the Head is k at until, which u for the mofi fart, which alfo is commodious to the a&ioui of Nature, fuck being that which constitutes the natural/ fi- gure. ibid. What naturall benefits they en- joy, who have this figure with a de- cent magnitude. ibid. Why this laterally comprcjfed fphearefhould be the mofi proper and natural/ figure of the head, and the finall caufes thereof enquired. 39,4 0 . 41 The Nurfes in thofe n At ions com- mended, who have been tender in this point of offering violence to na- ture \ leaving her free to her own | c our fit, not fifing auy thing to hinder the natural l growth of the Head. 4i A private example of the benefit received by a renunciation ofaUar- tificiall contrivance , formerlypra- [tifed on the Head, upon imaginary conceits of beauty and genet ofiy. 42 A ftrange Hiflorjof an art ;fi: tail Hydrocephaloj, 30,3 1 Horned Nations. 28,2 p By what art fome of them come to have homes on their Heads. 3 o Children born with homes on their Head,and men and women cor - rsuted by a difeafe. 28. 9 Bicipitci or men with two Heads. 3*4b33 The birth of fuels n.on fieri ever heldprod'giOHS. 34 , The reajon of fich fi range pyo- duBtcnr. ibid. Acephali, or headleffe Nations. 20,21,22,13 The doubt of their original l r e- folved, and that they are of Adams progeny. 2 j fhe finaBcaufe ofthefie prodigi- ous apparitions. Why fitch monfttrs concurre not 1 0 the perfection of the uniter fe. ibid . A reafon given ofihismonflrous alienation from the humane forme. , i6 Infants born without HeadtMd. That reafon may perfwade ns } that it is not impoffible, that the infir u- merts of Nature may perform their office , although the head be not ad- vanced above the\houlders. 16, 57 The artfice which is Juppofed thejnfe to reduce their Heads be- low their {boulders. x-j That the donation of Nature in the ufe of the Necke, u lofi by this artifice. 27,28 Nations who ufe art to alter the fubfi anct and temper ef their Heads 42 Block-Heads and Logger He.:ds where in requefi. jbicf. By what fever all artifices they pur chafe this property of a hard I head. 43 I That bjthe concurrent temper ef Ffff " the A Table of the chiefe matters the Climate, a»d this artifice, their I and net met), and are accounted f At. /mures doe grove together, andare\refi when their heads are [haven, obliterated, their skjsls growing fo~\ - 48,49 I'd. ibid. The Haire maintained an orn*- Soft . heads ywhere a tearme of re- proach. 42 That it is inconvenient to keep the H tad to warm. 44 Where the women have the future Coronal is lonfe , and how they defend it from the injury of the aire. The mi flake s/Cel'us, affirming Went of the Head,agair.fl thofe who would have it an a'ojett excrement , which Nature never intended for anernamcm. 49 , 5 o 7 he Haire no excrement, and why ibid. The naturall nfes of the haire fet °» t . , 50,51 J X> J • JJ Ol J ~ 1 m theft hard- Headed Gallants heads I That they who cut them wholly. to become hereby more firme,and fafe from pain-, moderately expoun- ded by Fallopius. 44,4 s ,4 <5 That although they gain a defence again/} outward injuries, more then the cr dinar y provfi.n of Nature doth afford ; yet that they thereby become more obnoxious to int email, town, dfeafes arifing from the re- tention of fuliginous vapours. 44 That their thick^'kuh may render them more indocile and oblivious. ib. The jifhce and wfdome of Na- ture about Suiues fuffering in the

Nations which of old did, and at this day doe affe ft yellow Haire .6 68 By what meanes they introduced this colour. ibid. How they wire, and are punifhed for this thar (afcivtoufnejfe. 65,66 67 Tinfture of Haire, both iy. mm an-dwomen, afhamefull th ng, and difbonoHrable to Nature. 66,67,68, 6y How the indulgence and licence oranted unto worr.en in milters of O / ornament all dnjfes of Hair e 9 is to be moderated . 6$ Painting of Haire an ancient cuflome with the Indians. 68 Inconveniences fufpo fed to happen to women, by the affe ft ed beauty of the Haire. 69 Nations that anoint their Ham 70 The like vanity obfcrved in our gallants , ibid. The tffeminate powdering cf Haire exploded. 7 7 1 Frtx.ttng.and curling, and plating the Hair with hot Irons, an old va- nity 7 1,72 Periwigs an ancient vanity . 7 27$ tiff % LHth A Table of the chiefe matter s t^ants. L ittle Hands where in faction, and accounted a great beaut) tn women. 287 What art they ufe to have them fr, ibid. What women are noted to have t! e leaf Hands of any women in the Wo 1 1 d . ibid. Nat tons that paint their Hands red. 288 Whire they make their Hinds cf a golden tinhlure. ibid. Hards painted with a tawney co- lour, ibid. Hands painted with flowers and Birds. ibid. Ad offers lorne with 4 Hands. 301 Monfiers born with three Hands. ibid. Nations with two H,utds on the right flde; ibid. Natiom with fix Hands, ibid. Menfiers borne with on; Hand. ibid. Nations that have but or.e Hand. 301,30a Monfiers borne without Hands . 302,303 The (grange recotnpence fueh Monfiers flnde. 303 Nations that want Hands. 3 06 A ftrauge fiory of one born with 3 ft ones in one Hand , and one in the fiber* v* L,.„ At ions jhat have but one Leg, Long- Legg'd Nations. 423^34 Certaine Peopl^where the women affieil to have their thighs hips a»d Legs very thick. 425 What art they ufe to accommo. date their fancies in this bufines\h. The folly of this cufiome derided. ibid. Other people y whetethe menand women affett great Calves and full Legs. 4 2 5>42 6 The abfurd Cavrll of Momus a- gainfl the frame of the Leg of man t 1 exploded . 426,427 ' A Calfe- fuelling pan ijh went in - I flitted upon feme Nations. J^iy i A Crane Legg'd man. 428 ‘ Little Legs in women, what figne. 457 Where the women are well pro- portioned in their Legs. ibid* A way to bring Legs-to a conveni- ent magnitude. 429 L ow-p it ek'd Calve spwhere in re- quefl. 430 What indufiry they ufe to have it fit. ibid. High pitcht Ca/fes where in re- * 4»9.43o What meanei they ufe to advance the Calfe. ibid* The impertiueney in tampering with Childrens weal^Legs.^ 1 ,43 * Their opiate* confuted by expe- rience^ contained in thefe’Scenes. rienee, who thinke Children would have diftorted Legs t unlcjfc they were diligently involved and con • firinged in fwaithbands . 336 That this ir.dtfcreet fwaithing of Children , is many times a caufe of the creokednejfe of the Legs , 334 The erookedneffe ofihe Knee and Leg hones t» the Rickets how fonse - times occaftoned. 328,229 A Tailors and Bakers Legs how caufed. 432 Nations that make-lifts or market on their Legs, which are efteemed with them a great gallantry . 433 Whci e the womens Legs are ct 00- ked* ibid. Where the women almoft all of them halt. ibid. Sl:ort~legg d Nations. ibid. Centauret and Onoctntaures « ctrnir.g femi-men 1 and femi-Beaftf ♦ 445 Ups. W Here they brand their Lips, with red hot Irens , efpeciaHy their upperL/pSy&fo make freaky and lines in them. 176 Nations that here holes in their Lips to fet precious ft ones, rings , and other things therein, 176, 177,178, 170,180,181 The ufe of the Lips fet out. 18 r, 1S1 What ufes are hindered or fruftra^ tedy to the prejudice of Nature , by the boring and lading the Lips with Jewels and other things . 182 Nations that feem not to under ~ ft and the naturall ufes of Lips. 1 83 , 184, 185, 186,187,188,180,190, - 437 (Jyfen with the Legs of other ani- mals. 43 M 34 > 43 M$$ Monfters with the Head and pri - vities of men, but with the hand and feet of Apes. 437-438 T heir original!. 437 Satyrs and their original! 439 Gmny Dili efwhat Tribe. 440 Afonfiers wiihfoure Legs . 3 cO Which kjnde of Ape is moft like man. 44 1 When Apts began to grew like men, 443 Sea-men ,or men fifhes, 444 The opinion of the learned) eon- 191,192 Nations that have fiat mouths without Ips. 170 Nations that have copp'd fajh- giatedLips. ibid. Where there are men who have Lips of a monftrous bignelfe. 1 74 Imputed to a prevarication of art. ibid. Where they love thofe that have thick lips. ibid That great Lips redound to the prejudice of Nature in her cptrati - ons. 174,*7 S j Where they have Lips poopendent j-rf Cubit lew , which they nourt[h in - F ff f 3 _ ftead A Table of the chiefe matters fieadof aboard. 171*172 1 hat they are hereby dumb. ibid. Nations that have their lips a- bont their month fo great , that when they Jleep in the funptbey cover aft their faces with their Lips , 173 Some that can bind their Heads with their Lips , as well as women do with thtir haire. ibid. Prodigioufly prominent and thick. t’J> s ‘ ibid. 174 Nations that have concrete tips , with a hole only in the middle. 1 70 Hatre-lips their caufe and cure. *75 M ^pout&. W ide tni/tths where affetted by women, they being ac- cottKted snofl beautfuft who have the wide (l months. 167, 168 A Cbtsjetturc of their ujir.g Art to have them f. ibid, The nut ur aft proportion of the mouth. 169 For women to afield the commen- dation of beauty in a wide mouth, much derogates from the hottefly of Nature, and her ordinary jufiice. 169 What they may probably fufier by a mouth fo wide. * 7 ° Apt tie Mouth mo fl commen- dable in women. 169 L Why the momh was given to man. id Mtfplaced mouths. 1 7 5 Men with monfir out mouths . 170 Nations that have but one hole in theirface . ibid, Dwarfes that have no mouths. ibid. N JMeg. L Ong Natles where exti tamely afiecledasa figne of idle (fenti- lity. 289,250,291,292 The hindrance that this afielled fajhion caufeth to the operations of the tops of fingers. j 9 1 ,29 j . Where it is one of the points of bravery with the principal women to weare long nailes. 293 This noted as a great Solicifmt in Nature . 298 Whercyto weare long nailes on the Thumbe is a prerogative roy a ft. jp 3 Where they never pare their Nailes. 192,193 Lo*g unpared nailes condemned as againfi the intention of Nature , :p 5 The end of the growth of the nailes net to repair e their decay by wearing, 298 Natles never intended as weapon j of ofenfive fcratchtng in man or woman. 2 p$, 259 That the' care of confirming ex- travagant Natl a to the Law °f Nature contained in theie Scenes. Mature appertaines to reafon and the prattique intedeH.26^29^ ,206 , ' 297 Long Nailes thought by fame to be a fin, 197 Theufeof the Nailes, 298 Where the women cut their- nailes asd jag them round? 2 89 7 he dignity and majefly of Na- ture in the eticreaje of nailes defen- ded. _ ~ 294 Where it is the fafhion and beau- ty of the Country to make the nailes of their hands red , yellow , and par- .. tj coloured » and where they gild , the/e people deprive themflves of } them. 2889189 | by this ajfetled deformity. 1 1 4 Hew they doit, ibid, j Where they ufe to cut off their Their offence againfl Nature n:- ; No[inlsfrom their Nofes. 1 15 ted, and the n at ur all beauty of the j Nations, that have no Nofe nor Nat, le vindicated. 190 | neftrils. » 1 6 The ornament andnaturall beau- Whert men and women have gut- tural! bottles hanging down at their throat, even to their navels, 7’}8 The caufe of that fwelhtg in their throats. 279 315 ofc. W Hcre the women cut and pare their Nofes, between their Eyes, that they may feeme more flat and faddle No fed, HZ 7 his trefpaffe againfl beauty and the ma'j fly of Natt. ; e exploded. 1 1 3 what benefits and reall beauties M ew with Necks of a Cubit long V$* Nations with their Neckj fo long that they referable the neck, of a Crane. ibid. 27 ^ Long gangs ell Nec\s inccnve?,i- ent. ' ibid. Philoxenes, his wifh for a long Net : 48 A deferiplien of th'fe yard bals. 34 ? How, and when they put them m. 347>HS Why they were invented. 34 8 This invention whet e it might be uftfull agamfi Sodomy. 350 iAbfurd projects of women to affieCled . I -><5 Nations who in a bravery and as an enfigne of nobility and greatneffie , bore holes in their Nofes , wearing Nofe- Jewels therein. 137,13* That fooltfh fafhion of Nofe Jew- els exploded. 139,140 1 Where they have mark's on their Nofes made for a bravery , 138 How they make them. ibid. That their invention was much put to it, who fir ft bored the Nofe to introduce a fafhion. I 39 Thatfuch an invention is to the 1 them by their Nurfes. prejudice of natures N a fall opera - 1 Men with three ftones. tiens . 1 4 ° I Whether the t* (licles l Where they flick. tkcjr 1 to the forming of the voice Gggg 35 1 Where it was a cufieme to fa fen a Ring or Buckle on the foreskin of their Yard, and for what ends. 332 The art of infibulatton or burning up the Prepuce, with a braffe 0* fi- ver but ton and whence it came. 353 Where they we are rings in their Yards. ibid. Where they trnffie up their Geni- tals within their body. ibid. T heir ends of this Cnflomt. 354 Semi-Eunuchs, or men with one flone , one being alwaies taken from 354 ibid. Whether thet'fticles be requir'd 355 Who A Table of the chiefe matters Who was the fir ft that caufed j(.ung male children to he made Eunuches. 354 The reifons and ends of introdu- cing Eunuchifme . ibid, and 3 56 How many waies there are of this Who was the firft that wade wo~ men Eunuches. 363 Whether women may be caflratcd. 364 7 he manner of operation, and danger thereof. ibid. uva ural dilapidano of ;he l>ody< 3^9 A Htfto'ry of a maid fpaded in The time of m kJngEunuches.^60 j Lincolnefliire* 3^4 3^5 That the name tuiuch , is bht a cl sake wherewith they cover the in- jury done to mature, 357 The fir(} rift of the reputation of fuc '> Semi-virs or h dfemen. ibid. The fhory o/’Gombalus. ibid. Where they fell their children to be made Eunuches 3^9 Religious Eunuchs, 358 The reafon of their caftration ibid. Where Eunuches who have relit gious women in keeping, be cate ft they [hall not be loved , have alfo Another Htftory of one fpaded a new way. ibid. Riolanus/)// opinion of the ancient way of operation. * ibid. What Nations Circumcife the Prepuce of their Tard. 3 66 7 he nal urall ends 1 hey propounded therein. ibid. Where women have the offee of exciftng men. 372 The reafens alleadged for the JudaicallCircumctfion. 368,379 7 hat they who were Cir came i fed , their nofes and lips cut off. 3 57 i m *&ht make themfclves uncircnm- Eunuches, by atotall deprivation [ c.fcd. ibid. if their Genitals, why firft made. 35 $ Where fetch Eunuches are in great reejus ft. 360 St net of many that have caftra- tedthemfelves. 356,357,3583 59 This find of operation, very im- proper for Phy fit tans, and why. 35 9 That Caftration is high treafan Again ft Nature. ibid* What deformity Caftration introdu- ces upon the body of man. 363 In what cafes a dtfpenfation may be granted for Eunuches. 362 Who was firft thought to have pratt ifed this. 369 The cure of a prepuce made [hort bj Ctrcumcifton. ibid. I he manner of Circumcijien with the modem J ewes. ibid. Mahometan Ctrcumcifton. 37© 7 he difference of the Mahome- tans ]ewsCircumci/ic». 3 ji The manner of Cireumcijion at Ginney and Binney. 372 A Htftory. of Ctrcumcifton at Ginney. 373 frivUedges affefted in Circum - ciftm contained in tliefe Scenes. cifton. 374 The inconveniences of Circumci- fion. _ 377 The injury of Circumc1fton.1b.3y8 That one may he horn circumcifed I the virile member , when ii is by nature. 368,569 firm'd according to the law of Na- The naturall ufis of the prepuce sure. 400 and where they have a great privy member in great efteem. 389,359 Suppofed to be nourished by art. ibid. 7 he jtft length and magnitude of 1 con- according to Anatomifts. 37 6 The pretences ofthofe,whe ufecir- cumcifon for a naturall end, explo- ded . 377 The danger ofjudaicaU circumd- [ton. 119&0 That circumcfion is dire Elly a- gainft the honefty of Nature. 379 That if there had not been fome figurative meaning in Circamcifi- on,it would have beenamoft abfurd andunreafonable thing : For if God would have had onely the foreskin cut off, he had from the beginning made man without a prepuce. 379 Circumcifed Chrijii. ins, 3 67 In what cafes fir a naturall end, circumcifion is onely permitted. 362 A new way of Circumcijirg men, by way of (Irangalat ion. 37 6 Where women a eCircumci fed. 380 The originall and reafon of this invention. 38 1 Where women excife them fe Ives , not from a notion of religion , hut as an ornament . ibid. The err or & fin of this cuftome.3%0 How this Circumcifion of a wo- man is done. ibid. 381 Men with Members like Ajfes i Midwives fuppofed to he the caufe either of the length or fhortnes of the virile member according as they knit t he na veil ft ring. 400,401 The Anaumicall reafon giv.n thcreofwith the opinion t-f Spigelius 400 That whatfoever augmentation of parts > is gained by Art, befiaesthe will and ordinary allowance of N (• ture, it is commonly attended by fome inconveniences . 401 The reafon of the inconveniences which follow the magnitude, and the fiule immoderate longitude of the Organ of generation. 402,403 Where they ufe to b nd.e up tie Fore- sky n of their Privities with a little lord, and t>nty it not, but to make water , or when they ufe the abb of Generation. 381 An expoflulation of this unnatu- rall re fir amt. 382 Men whofe Members hang down to their [hanks. 403 Pygmsi magno veretro. 404 Where they adorne their Genitals with pretious ft ones. 383 Where they deprive their fecret partJ, of that which nature intended Gggg 1 ts A Table of the chiefe matters t c make them more fecret. 383 Hew this is dtH?, and upon what pretence, 383,384 Where women never have their flow erf. 390 Bj what meanes theyprevent their monthly Flux, ibid. Their ingratitude to Nature, taxed, for endeavouring to divert the ordinary cottrfe of Nature. 391 Nations commended as more re- fpeUtive to nature in this particular , 39 1 Where the women have a mojl freight and narrow ncci ^ cfilhetr womhe t that thej very hardly admit . a Man. , \ 392 I That this happ-ns to them bp art , (fi not by any benefit of N it ureAb\A. Where this art is familiarly and commonly pratt fed. 392,393 The miferab/e and dangerous fffeEls of this artifice, 393 Where the v rgins ufe art to di- fiend their Mahebria mofi capaci- cufli. 393 where they to ufe few up the private pajfage f Nature in their Female child , leaving a fmall paffnge for tbe.r H',nc. 19 W 9 Where the Midwives are wont to b 1 eak,e that membrane as unpro filable, which Aratomifis call Hy men. 384 How the) doe it. ibid. The prodgiout conceit of Nero, who rnuft needs have a boy cut , and made ( for foot h ) a woman, 4° 7 The natural l change of women into men , confuted bp demonfir at ion of Anatomy ,and Nature vindicated from being guilty ofnnyfuch pratti- caR Metamorphofii. ^3^ That men to be changed into wo- men .is very rare. 4 yj Nations of Hermaphrodites, who have the generative parts of both fixes, 385,390 Heretickj, that thought the firfi man was an Hermaphrodite. 385 Their opinion confuted by Scrip- ture. ibid, and 387 The kfndes of Hermaphrodites. ib d. That thofe 1 who in old time were called by the name of Andronyni , were reputed fir prodigious Mon- flers. 389 Ancient Records of fich Hcrtne phroittes, ibid. The caufis of Hermopbrod tes, S 390 ^boulters. H Igh-knff ShoulderSy wherein fafrion and natural!. ? 8 o Where the r Jhoulders are higher then their Heads. ibid. Some concurrent affectation fit - fpefled in thefe Nations. ibid. Broad jhoulders where in reijuefi, and indcavoured or imitated by art. 281 The inconveniences of bread {boul- ders, and why Plat snick. Men are not * affc&td by wormne^ ibid. Narrow and contracted j boulders 9 whets* contained in thefe Scenes. where affe&ed. 282 J With what art they ofold,affefted this cempofure of the Shoulders. ibid. 7 ’his ajfeBation of drawing the fhoulder-points too neer, noted and condemned. ibid. Where the Nolle Virgins Right Shoulders, are higher and bigger the: £ he left. 283 Thecaufe thereof enquired, ibid. Creoky backed Nations. 284 T 2 Deet(j. W Herc red Teeth , are ac- counted a great beauty,l\J By what tndujlry they attain unto this Dent all bravery . ibid. Where the principal womtntake a pride inblackjTeetk. 2 r 7,2 18 Blacky Teeth where a Jingular beauty. 218/219 Where fo greatly affcttedjhat the blacker they are, the more beaut i full they stre efieemed, and worthy of greater honour . ibid. How they make them black, ibid. Where they polifh their blacky teeth, -which makes them Jhew like poh(h*d Ebony. 219 Where they colour their Teeth red and blacky 2 1 7 How thcy