a §ilfgj Caltnen* A NARRATIVE OF THE SECOND VOYAGE OF VASCO DA GAMA TO CALICUT. 1502. HI HI JS2s Hag DUKE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Treasure %oom The CELLAR BOOK SHOP Box 6, College Park St. Detroit 21, Mich. - U. S. A. Calrom A DUTCH NARRATIVE OF THE SECOND VOYAGE OF VASCO DA GAMA TO CALICUT printed at ^nttoecp circa 1504 WITH INTRODUCTION AND TRANSLATION BY J. Ph. BERJEAU LONDON BASIL MONTAGU PICKERING 196 PICCADILLY 1874 3fntroDuctton< C W4D HE name of Vafco da Gama is not even mentioned in the following narrative, but there is no doubt it applies to the fecond voyage of the great navigator to India ; and as the book is no translation of any previous work in Portuguefe, Spanifh, or Italian, we muft come to the conclufion it was written by a Dutch officer or failor, who took an .active part in the expedition. The dates, events, and places mentioned agree with all we know of the fecond voyage of the Portuguefe Admiral, whilft our narrative, until now unnoticed by bibliographers, fupplies interefting details unmentioned by Galvao, Ramufio, Caftanheda, Faria, Barros, &c. Some ten years ago a well-known bibliophile, who had the book, ahked me to tranflate it for him into French ; I did fo nattily, and was not quite fatisfied with my tranflation. But having had lately the good fortune to find again the original and my tranflation bound together in the Britifh Mufeum, and the truftees of the great Englifh national library having kindly allowed me to take a fac-fimile of it, I am enabled to offer the public a reproduction of this interesting docu- ment, with an improved tranflation into Englifh. The book begins with a " hors d'ceuvre " perfonal to the writer, and relating to one of the unfortunate expeditions undertaken by the Portuguefe on the coaft of Barbary againft the celebrated BarbarofTa, but that is difpofed of in half a page. In fo early a narrative of voyage in countries un- known to the author, it was to be expected the names of places could not be accurately written ; but with a little trouble it is eafy to reconcile the fpelling with the modern names. Thus, the firft land feen after the departure from Lifbon, on the ioth of February, 1502, is called Kenan, which undoubtedly is Cape Non on the weft coaft of Africa, oppofite the Canaries. The name of Cape Verde, the next ftation, is omitted, but its diftance from Portugal accurately ftated. On the 29th of March the expedition loft fight of the Polar ftar, and on the 2nd of April they were under the Line, and in the fouthern hemifphere a week later. Then, they were beaten about by a ftorm which during twelve days drove them out of their track. Another heavy ftorm caught them about the ftormy cape mifnamed that of Good Hope. On the 14th of June they arrived before Scafal (Sofala), in Kaffir-land, which our author calls the Pae- pian's country, very likely from the kingdom of Sabia, near by. Vafco da Gama went to Sofala with only four (hips, the remainder of his fleet having been ordered to fail direct for Mozambique, which our author calls Mifkebijc. On the following 18th of July they left Sofala for Hylo, which is a mifprint, later corrected in the book as Kyloy for Quiloa, where the king was obliged to pay tribute and homage to the King of Portugal. Melinda, where they mould have arrived on the 20th of July, is the next {topping place ; but they miffed it and went to the cape of Saint Mary, which muft be the Ras Mory, forming the eaftern point of the Ifland of Socotra, and whofe Arabic name anfwers to Cape Saint Mary. The ifland was then mainly inhabited by Greek Chriftians. L'abbe Prevoft, "Hiftoire des Voyages,"vol.i.p.8o(LaHaye, 1747,4°), fays: "Mais un vent impetueux le poufla huit lieues au-dela de cette ville dans une baye, ou il trouva plufieurs vaifleaux Mores et quelques-uns de Calecut dont il fe faifit." There, our author fays, they left the country of the Paepians ; for Kaffir-land was at that time fuppofed to reach Abyflinia in the north and the Cape on the fouth, and they failed for Marabia^ no doubt a mifprint for Iram-Arabia. On Auguft 2 1 ft they faw for the firft time the land of India and the great city of Combaen, the Cambaeth of Marco Polo, the modern Cambay, on the river Cobar (Saubermattee). The next ftation, called Oan, is no doubt Goa, where the Portuguefe come into collision with the Indians, take 400 mips, and burn them after having killed their defenders. The ifland of Auidibe, where they took water and landed 300 of their invalids, is Anjeedeeva, which for a long time after was a ftation where all the Portuguefe mips called before touching the continent of India. The Montebyl of our author, in the kingdom of Cannaer (Cananor), is the Mount Ely of Marco Polo. There they watched for the Mecca fhips, attacked the Meriiy plundered it, killed and burnt all the people on board, on the ift of October. Our author does not fay that in this action, fo dif- honourable for the memory of Vafco da Gama, the children from the captured mips were faved and brought on board the Admiral's caravel, as it was affirmed later by other hiftorians. On the 27th of October they failed from Cananor, and arrived at Calcoen (in Sanfcrit Khalikhodon, in Englim Calicut), where they fought during three days againft the troops of the Samudrya-radjd (the king of the fea-fhore), whom early European writers call the Zamorin. Then, already, Flemifh merchants, who had come through Egypt or Perfia, were eftabliihed in Calicut, as it is ftated in King Manoel's " Copia de una lettera," (Roma, 1505) : — Vi fono mercadati d' tutte qlle parti e d' mercantia como Bruges I Flan- dria, Venetia I Italia." The barbarous device reforted to by Vafco da Gama of fending adrift towards the town a fhip loaded with the cut heads, hands, and feet of his prifoners of war, has been related and cenfured as it deferves by later hiftorians of the expedition. The kingdom of Granor, mentioned as fituate between Calcoen (Calicut) and Kujfchdin (Cochin) is no doubt that of Travancore, where our author fays there were a great number of Chriftians and Jews, living under the fame prince. Like all early travellers to India, Vafco da Gama and his companions miftook the fectators of Brama and Bouddha for Chriftians, becaufe they worfhipped the images of the Virgin Mary brought in the Portuguefe mips, mif- taking them for the reprefentation of Maha Madja holding in her lap her fon Shakya. The fimilarity of the name of the Indian goddefs, no lefs than the aureolas furrounding the heads of the mother and fori, in- duced the Portuguefe to make the fame miftake when they entered a native temple. No doubt there were at this time in the Indian Peninfula a certain number of Neftorians, but not fo large as the Portuguefe imagined. The figures of 25,000 Chriftians and 300 Chriftian churches given by our author as eftabliihed at Cohen (Culan, Quilom), as well as the repugnance of the fo-called Chriftians to deal, eat, or drink with perfons of another creed, clearly (how the miftake. The town mentioned from hearfay as Lapis is Me- liapour near Madras, where, according to a mediaeval tradition, St. Thomas the Apoftle was put to death, whilft another fays it was in the town of Calamina, whence his body was tranfported to EdefTa, which our author calls EdiJJen, Mating it is four days' diftant from Meliapour. The Portuguefe maintain that having found the body of the faint in the ruins of the latter town, they carried it to Goa, where it is ftill worfhipped; but this afTertion is fubftantiated by very (lender proofs indeed. Our author calls the betel, tombour ; whilft Alvaro Velho names it atambor, both being mifnomers, from the page carrying the box which contains it being called tombuldar. The civet-cat is fo clearly defcribed that it was im- pofTible not to tranflate by mufc the word iubot, although it is not to be found in any old or modern Flemifh or Dutch dictionary. In relating the fecond battle which Vafco da Gama, on his return from Cochin, fought with a fingle fhip againft the king of Calicut on the 1 2th of February, 1503, the Dutch narrator does not mention the timely arrival of Vicente Sodre, who with the remainder of the fleet decided the action, and prevented the defeat of Vafco da Gama. While the latter began his return voyage to Portugal, Sodre remained behind to blockade the Red Sea. Whether the two iflands, which the returning expedi- tion fightedon the 26th of March, were the famous male and female iflands of Marco Polo, which have never been found fince the days of the Venetian traveller, is uncertain ; for Vafco da Gama, on account of the valuable goods which filled his fhip, would not land there in fpite of the incitements of the inhabitants. The day of the return to Portugal is not mentioned by our author. To fum up: this Dutch narrative, translated as liter- ally as poflible from the original, fixes many of the dates and facts already known, whilft, as faid before, it fup- plies many new interesting details ofthefecond voyage which the great Portuguefe navigator made round the Cape of Good Hope. The original book here reprinted, is noted in the Catalogue of the Britifh Mufeum as printed at Ant- werp in I504(?), which may be afcertained by the com- parifon of the types with thofe of books printed at the fame place and date, and the condition of the engraving of the Crucifixion at the end of the book, merely to fill a page, and which mows this peculiarity, that the infcription on the fcroll, " Deus q pro redcp- tide" is reverfed ; whilft the word INRI, at the top of the crofs, is not reverfed. The map of Africa fup- plied at the beginning of this Introduction, mowing the two lakes where the Nile takes its fource, does not belong to the book itfelf, but is taken from cc Ptolemaei C. Tabula noua totius orbis," Lugduni 1541 fol. B calcra x> f MtU$fspMmi&lzfrfo$ewttsittiuietnZ ltrbomtn)ioerbgadtiatersui^iianlif(iomenoeihrm m&ttaerctiajttirittu IQateerfteimff tot ts# t&nfci tga*0$etto*me %«iattdif$»iieetQrtatioen«nDeb^caetimeeft DencortntckmtiQiaengenefir^tiniek$*<4tttUii ^@Jirgntiaa&am^Kamittidcft^bmon0 tH&fmottwenBottMn&Awrt awatwn rtdfi A fomuufestettfim Mtmcpitt nottratiftft Otn AMtt fa ftfacttefcebb? pg on* kwrtt 0bcfetrui3tttieQ^onDerttniihifalite^er O^n^^tSimfBaerre&tiosrimtfabte^ toel]cii.€.miIenban|0ocv»0Aclri{bafoiiisrIotm Gftrimallb omrealfmett m$c rcnacmboift madj rcfjiercncRr^ngraocglid^ccmmafe^dofmi liarfacofeenra^tt^anirlDtfe^otuierrmtiSDtt r^nDefagb^nuitrttiartemem^mmummeboe. Seneit^adDmQatttetis^diictoanfenrgngtDi f ectmnraoufciracmoefe oangcu acfe ultes^enbe M'lfifPRaltiUtglpii&e X)en^t.Dac^fa!fpu(uiarftotfireiimgbatiiit fagen op tf m^cen mtdDacb Dtefonncfat nootbe Optiwfefagt^en^aDUettitgeai^meiretfei baecui^onsmeDeii^dpminocbfmnor^&nn^ nocSi manebanon0cqpaKcnondb^trm OamraequamettttrifacmanDer mectbace *rcroaem'ecfeucim'ttno#&ift$ttocji tftepftbetf petanftero OcrtjCjcDacftfa^priitpjam oireirfettrf maro (ra4:wijfweb«ilanccabtofbteon0ttimiTOftrm ui£cb Dufetu milmdt Dan; wamitt>gtoel,jrti»bar Bfrmbartwlanmo^ rant mfagftem X)ot nUtiatWMtpmufi dattminreren Die Dageenmace Daer met ar^t utctt lane eii tvoai fotQtote tempedtoan rsgtjenoatjagel oan face uanDonret)anblitem.®enbemel item open tt gbendiecapedebaenfperattciettma& onmeedev His urigfecromen marsnomoiecape ^ebbmrn? one fcoers gljefetnomootf. X)enabu>;eeban npttimtt ttafcafatbaecom umcen(IduaettanrtbebbenD$ Dae mi o ten wttfy trinoe mocbten mani Die coninc &an§tfafol£eeftate0tocttogbeteg^enpaepian« wantmifpiafienmimtiiimtpaeptanolaatbt* mttgfomanBbmmavm m marm baer liipben llattaenenmantpaepianelamoumiloeptinfib itergoutmg^eftecttetntfjtDommeefi Defeftat ^r.€€€Cmileiii2anoiecaepDeljoen fueranct. OanDaenf^nmis&ettareaeneeneplaneglic noem$l r Hif^eb9ceft!eti.€<£.mslentianrra&lea dant togenoemt^ff aevabueenbaeren hemmf gemiJdcmerCmangetfgomfiiueromanSgoe* %)plambam$eenvt$t totiin&mnknfyebbm wi bcmmmnMtUi%cntonim®a$mmemeUftQet gm&b&AifK w<<£mattMe.€kmamli& miasm* 0)tltir£ ii%J6 famfy fytftty tf m§m fduccomnc tmbmnimntentimm®atl)it}ekmtmtt$iin ptnttbmmiimattvmvfy&mtKtiintyQtfictimi tenfwblibemQocnfyt nfyattftantomm fongcrt tnffrioni&ntetytQp*®ktQniMtnaUntAt\Qcpt nam tnamtcn m mtrnwm met fytbbm tm dm uoet l)a& ftomtVbeit m gam £r ttt all* m#tizwat U^minbk^tBatvi^n0Kmimt)tt^n€tmmtt fyebbtxittp ?jaemigg^rtd#cecn tale. Watt fyn ottftaptn mctQXoitft&met)atef&Mn bttnin m i8m§it®atti$btmbanpalMmty&aetfi}Mzt bontetxapmcMM(iMamnwit®aevwa$etiwc vigbmtntynwtlmMwceljambim Xbmxttiatfyin Juttooocreaarij mnis&m m mamiamtmtplam^mmmtfBclmnem fe fym*mnMmmnhito'ffiwmibtbbm:Qb€mi(t tnfyngbmmHottikmpt&mtmM&mfythbi Qn(ebin8etoakQt8eUenmimQtftetekmtv€m Qo\ntmLni).€Mi\mx^t.B&ttlktmmina$yL ianQlamltegentRtlanttiafmatabiainitoaa be m.t>atfyitiMi&mtR.n#.€aliaiirenMttUiapmallmiia£ lam ^netdseaafc* beeft Quoninccfltiitt ttamm &arah'# 'CJteptn natii)iteBttt«dM#Saoe0(t^at tjokboottftbmitim&ffiteiKit OattDamr#ciig^e«a5lrii^titettmilfece ^^8imioan<)(tttatteoamiam2td^Afrrii ton\cintmmiin(tfbt0m*mt&itn\tetmkpt btnefttotemmmm mimttoemm&fifot fomt bit mmmmn\]$>$mm8tiQtombkfammetett®e doer tmrctnti* btktommmmt£ mm&titfy m mm(ta®a$ mnouembec noemt mi nm<£& ioen temiten aeneen ftar£ftenoemc<£u0c!)$neft Koemf^ranormDaorWnoedgocOefearftfitm in ote ftat mourn mti tofcen mtjebtrmcmputuc Daerfionoer&aenfofi?noecaUe&feto&eii9antie y noeonoecomfHuepwwe. <£fi otefttrffeenlpti kenmirntemanrreDoenenfpngoeDe fectden eft mcopmflcctimnmop^ntetop^epltg&eoagm sioctj en erenno$e nbunciienmtrntetnartSmet Return t>tquamm wrimonftrrcpemttlicmDc ten mit tropin &tfcm onsgoer c^e*?. <£fi fjeUU* nBpueltetsam$enpaeu9t$efanoent£&omen Qmreu>eten&arre$ref$eloue X)en.xt*fy.m%mmiiebtz#fyingmmiaci\t lantua€uticft^ttommtttertconincuiiKc6nx.en mecomntquamPionamergroteifcierenbtoc&tc met ft? *ritoitfante nan toapenroant fcrittrcft ocd olifenren tnipa \mten neeimeemfcebcefte t>pe it nicrm&^ne&o&e&broonfe&ma Ote nrib tons imtsenmmmtomwqfyetyiQhtnomismQtp re tnaficn nanfpe rett'em anDetDtng^OL O^ni^.DartimianuariorrintDttjanDamg^e; uaren roc ecn ftatir m fyict <£oloen.eaiOac r romm btnbatt mel€&&.he&im ertmen citittiqu gfyi met ttjaa&iebeftecaneei&temen Hint* 0an€olocttm.&a$uaertleptmt ftatttente Daermm^tt).&a0momtrcnttinm&a$ Dost Die Dtccmaecau^tef^ciiiglierarramenten^eonttrec fctom0^aKno^rottmaerdtfftlQtt Ort wlcH Banbtelattbm^ebbmrmatte tatt/ &m taantg^mblaDmn can barmen; enbe tpti Dtnc&ofco^tttia^rmrtotetilaDetimociiactitiot DmfjaertmiOenoffttmttmDetsgtjenormt rem feGorenDe^bbcttrai^tbtibemajasr&aiagara ofcepfett. @tepqmttA£tg^cistfetDgtt0atfg Doct met oris. InDtelan&cnfijiuattatf0*gs*ofal0mef^ teiiitvoamt€ntatmmmt)onmtamat€ntnu cue tubo t to Ait mtifym fym btmen onoec £aec tort. aisgt^oett.euafleiaeriattmmote cdneel m&c lioc^iounwettitteuttjcrisfoabec^ia^ie roll/ ctfomeriGutDrremberettmtmtuacia. tmeontneoan oerDtch( t»a0.^ndf0anoctm0arAaafitnal?^uatrticOrc tfepl nacannaircn&maeamoiisteae te oareii nae^omega(l&tt8^efi^{eoednno«jcn.€^.t^ oprni.^Da^in^einuatm X)m»^.t»adimmamna^;ibnnmondet/ ganctoa0finoota^imtiitoerloifnDunoott&ev» re opmi-pttj.oactj tttmame Q3KioonDiDprm»:tit.iiac|utmam.^e]t>(att &mmertmmujttomOairutctamomOarunmtc c oQtlihc goeDea &tjelaD&nojatmeriate mote trii Dmlan&m&attagmdatttiiaaetatetmquamm maecrmrtgrooroterDatmiaettromenrouDm Opte^oariimKpuUofesenttJpttjetipacpiaft Dm riijaa# w&puaofaamtm&at latu tia totttmi.natbm%wtiQenmiiwnatoemtftpt$e B^moanfQn&te&agetiatoercoit&e. foot uocricrcuc oaer tuautn temuwm mantct UtUuumftcmoic;cr.nicrotc;ccciuoboueui).ui tjgf vatm ittaawp^ftoacr $ mfitfjeroDwfemtr tjoute ptamen mWfyzkttebempiammop fjaec mont ofnof^eft tjaiHoanonJjertQfltermatfi men CljenttjeleeQttatneroacetiiecnduiatcr.epaloC imirg^uange^betomeuboueefifcrtfoman. Deti.rti^Dacftitt Junto tir0onft one btootm nicaUrebegtfettentfitiiittiavenooettoc9i)icl]CD9 <£«ttt Ijrrjtr mtieDtiaaitiiJoen. imttril>awQoeQmmimtlAn£.mtnftUtboottfi tiitt0^mticroedmttamenoatrttiatermiioemi nanbacrOmettirenUa^tittCu^utoo X)m^.bac^inKu0Uftofa0enttittti^artipe ttooitaettrmooe^^(ntmioelnoc^m»CmiK uanldocrtefari* * Iiuia(c.rti.€.en.^titddmi6teon0^elotu^e meeftmamfimarenonfetjtanDeti. ©ft aifoeqimmm wpt&etocomtjclottfm m {Facfimile by Armagnac & Co., 215, Seymour Street, Eufton Square.) SSeSSFS *^j^j» ^^"^ I'M RSIP f^^^ J^Wj^^^UJ 1(}$% •Jfc!!» mS^rC'"'^ ps| mtk Rir^Zr