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Cham.herlain& , _ ■'////■■- -./fj- 5m ■: ■■ -5' w, /tJ //■/,■// "V"' IF HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION /,■/*/,'//. /'/////..iW /'I'. '''"' ' ■' Stn'./0/S 1 ffolbitn iMui.i'i /'n.iivnr/- ■ ///■■ Sicilian Majesty A'-rh, Im/;,- , ; Sit/Sex \>: Htl ; \ yj M '•"■; ■( :o« I £4 ! I M /, y/V- w Puiilinhid by '< 'hamberlain*,. Tan 11*1' '. : /'/. VI . Holbein, Faeius ■. In His Majesty's Collection, Zcndon Rillishii J,>n?l. It 17. by J. Chumhertamr , Holbein deiin ■*' If his Majesty's Collection. Zondow.Jkh lisherf Jan 7 7 • ? 812- bit ■ X- Chamberlaine . /'/ VIII. Jfolbein Facius Sc. If his Maje st ys C lle c tion» Zontlon. Ti'hli.\ht:, : l JiniZ J . ISIJl.Tty J.ChamlerlaWY , H?7£im TMrwsi Jfal&ricalfitfprai&tofflsSkil^Mpivty & ffJ?M,tfteI)uftf0/'Si$&' MHIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION fun J'/,/'//.v/n;f ft ■.y/V/runhi-f/rw--. Jrm f.f#?2 /7.X. . ; m ' hisMajestys Collection o Zmlcn /;.»'.■» ;•.-./. ? ". n l.l.'K. erUii NICHOLAS BORBONIUS. Nicholas Borbonius, or de Bourbon, a Latin poet of middling fame, was a native of Troyes, in Champagne, and was born in the year 1503. He began to write verses when a child, and at the age of fifteen composed a poem of considerable length, which he called Ferraria, in which he describes every circumstance in the art of manufac- turing iron, and traces it minutely through all its operations, from the mine to the hand of the polisher : this subject, uncommon as it was, naturally occurred to a youth who had been bred amidst the large iron-works of which his father was proprietor, and who looked to them as the sources of his future fortune. The rest of his poems, with a few exceptions, are small detached pieces, generally in an epigrammatic form, consisting of compliments to his numerous friends, and a multitude of trivial conceits, expressed for the most part in four or six lines, and sometimes fewer. Several of these are addressed to our great Artist, one of which particularly claims a place in this little tract. ; not as a fair specimen of the poet's manner, for he frequently wrote better verses, but because it conveys to us his own opinion of the very portrait before us. " Dum divina meos vultus mens exprimit Hansi, Per tabulam docta prcecipitante manu, Ipsum et ego interea sic uno carmine pinxi ; Hansus mepingens major Apelle fuit." To enter at this time of day into a criticism on the works of Borbonius would be equally painful to the writer and the reader. The degree of estimation in which they were formerly held will best appear from the number of editions through which the most of them, as arranged by himself, under the title Nugce, have passed, the first of which was printed in 1533, and the seventh in 1723. As to the circumstances of his life, we have, as might be supposed, but slight information. The bent of his inclination, rather than necessity, led him to adopt the office of a Preceptor ; and his eminent qualifications for it introduced him at the court of Francis the First, where he acquired the favour of that prince's sister, Margaret Queen of Navarre, through whose recommendation he became Tutor to Henry, son of the Marshal de Foix. A sudden reverse of fortune plunged him into poverty and disgrace. He was persecuted on the score of religious opinions, and cast into prison, from whence he was released at the instance of Henry the Eighth ; to whom, as well as to Anne Boleyn and Doctor Butts, he has testified his gratitude on this occasion in his works. In 1535 he came, probably not for the first time, to England, and resumed the profession of teaching; his eminence in which may be fairly inferred from the high condition of his pupils, among whom we find John NICHOLAS BORBONIUS. Dudley, afterwards the great Duke of Northumberland ; Henry, son of Sir Henry Norris ; and Sir Henry Carey, afterwards Lord Hunsdon. As these were the especial favourites, and the latter a near relation of Anne Boleyn, we may venture to fix on that princess as his patroness. His works abound with grateful effusions to his friends in this country ; and we gather from them that he lived in intimacy with the most considerable Englishmen of the time. After some years' residence here, he returned to his first friend the Queen of Navarre, who now charged him with the education of her daughter, Joan d'Albret, afterwards the mother of Henry the Fourth of France. In this office he is said to have remained for some years, probably till the marriage of his royal pupil to Anthony de Bourbon ; soon after which event he seems to have retired to the town of Lande, in Touraine, where he was living in 1550. JBilbe At '.ivdon Sc • IS HIS MAjIESTTS COLLECTION. lonionBMuhei JarZl. 1912 1>y. J~. ChamberTame.-. THE LADY BOROUGH. Catherine, second daughter of Edward Clinton, first Earl of Lincoln of that name, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert Lord Talboys, became the wife of William Lord Borough, the second of his family who bore that title, and a descendant of the famous Hubert de Burgh. She had by him three sons : Henry, who left no issue ; Thomas, who succeeded to the dignity, distinguished himself in the military service, and died Lord Deputy of Ireland ; and John : and three daughters : Mary, married to Sir Richard Bulkeley ; Elizabeth, to John Read, a private gentleman of Surrey ; and Anne, to Henry, son and heir to Sir Henry Ashley, of Dorsetshire. Dugdale's account, in his Baronage, of the family of Borough, is remarkably erroneous. It would be impertinent to enter here into a detail of his numerous misrepresentations, but it is necessary thus simply to mention them, as the slight account here given of this lady would be found, on comparison, to differ widely from the statement given in that collection. //llec //'W/'//,/W//'/A(/ /;Y J.l'/llWl/'lHrt///i',-li/tl /./*'/'/ THE LADY BUTTS. Margaret, Lady Butts, was the daughter and heir of John Bacon, a gentleman of a good family in Cambridgeshire, and wife of Sir William Butts, of Fulham in Middlesex, Knight, principal physician to King Henry the Eighth. The pen of Shakspere and the pencil of Holbein — singular good fortune! — have conspired to preserve the memory of her husband : the former represents him discovering to Henry, in a familiar conversation, the mean malice of Bishop Gardiner against Cranmer ; and the latter has left us an excellent portrait of him in the remarkable picture, so well preserved in Barber-Surgeons' Hall, of the surgeons receiving from that prince their charter of incorporation. We know nothing more of Lady Butts, but that Sir William, on the seventeenth of November, 1545, left her a widow, with three sons : William, afterwards knighted, who inherited his father's large property, settled at Thornage in Norfolk, served the office of Sheriff for that county in 1563, and received an honourable augmentation to his family arms from Edward the Sixth, expressly for his " worthy and valiant service at the battle of Musselborough ;" Thomas, who seated himself at Riburgh, likewise in Norfolk ; and Edmund, whose daughter, Anne, became the sole heir to her father and uncles, and by her marriage with Sir Nicholas Bacon, of Redgrave in Suffolk, the first-created Baronet, and the eldest son of the Lord Keeper, carried the large fortune of her family into that house. I \'ll I >u l\ I iiilli] • - /folbiM In his Majesty's Colle'Ctb > London :Publishtd, hv J.Chamberlaine JanfJ. /8T.i SIR GEORGE CAREW. Sir George Carew was the eldest of the three warlike sons of William Carew, of Mohun's Ottery in Devonshire, heir of the ancient Barons Carew, hy Joan, daughter of Hugh Courtenay, of Powderham in that county. He married Thomasine, fourth daughter of Lewis Pollard, of Way, likewise in Devonshire, and had hy her an only child, Cicely, who died unmarried. His two brothers, Sir Peter, who was killed in Ireland, in 1575, and Sir Philip, a Knight of Malta, who was drowned there in an action with the Turks, both dying without issue, the family estates fell to their only sister, Cicely, wife of Thomas Kirkham, of Blakendon, or Blagdon, from whom they passed by the marriage of his daughter, Thomasine, to the Southcots of Bovey Tracy, who sold them to the Yonges of Estcott. The gentleman of whom we are to speak signalised himself as a soldier at a very early age, and was in 1540 made captain of the Ruysbanc, a tower at the mouth of the haven of Calais, so important, that it was then considered as the key of that town. He afterwards served, as occasion required, both in the army and navy ; and in 1545 commanded the Mary Rose, one of the largest ships of the English fleet, in the grand , armament which Henry the Eighth fitted out in the summer of that year to correct the temerity of the French, who ventured to insult the western coasts of Britain. Sir George Carew lived not to witness the triumph of his country on this occasion. The fate of his ship, on board of which the King had that day dined, is variously related. Lord Herbert informs us that she sunk accidentally ; Father Daniel, to use his own words, says that the attack was begun by four French galleys, which were detached, under favour of a calm, and with such success, that the Mary Rose, one of the principal ships of the English fleet, was sent to the bottom. It is of no great importance to our purpose, which of these is the true relation ; thus much is certain, that six hundred men were lost in this unfortunate ship, and with them their gallant commander. Sir William Dugdale, by a strange mistake in his Baronage, states that this Sir George Carew was the ancestor of George Carew, Dean of the Chapel to Queen Elizabeth, father of George Earl of Totnes, when in fact he was the nephew of that ecclesiastic. //, //■/, Jiocquet In his 'Majesty's Collection „ londons:Pui>lishai in/ JCfuwiherlaine .Jan' ' 1SJZ SIR GAWEN CAREW. Prince, in his Worthies of Devon, informs us only that this gentleman was "a great courtier belonging to Queen Elizabeth." Perhaps he was of the class called by the historians and memoir-writers of that and the next reign, " followers of the court," in which we find many men of good family and fortune, who contented themselves, or seemed to be contented, with the faint, and perhaps reflected light of royal favour, with little hope of ever enjoying its genial warmth. Whether he filled any public station is uncertain, though pains have not been spared in the inquiry. If he did, it certainly was of no great importance. He was the fourth son of Sir Edmund Carew, of Stringham, and Mohun's Ottery, in Devonshire, by Catherine, daughter of Sir William Hudsfield, of Shillingford in that county, Attorney-General to King Henry the Seventh ; married first, Anne, daughter to Sir William Brandon, and sister to Charles, Duke of Suffolk ; secondly, Mary, daughter of Sir Robert Wotton, Comptroller of Calais, and widow of Sir Henry Guldeford ; and thirdly, in his old age, a daughter of the ancient Northamp- tonshire family of Norwich : but left no issue by either. He resided at a mansion called Wood, in Devonshire, and possessed in the neighbourhood of that place a considerable estate, which he seems to have inherited from his mother. It appears by a letter from Thomas Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel, in a late publication, the Illustrations of British History, &c. that Sir Gawen Carew was an active party in the insurrection of the Devonshire men soon after Mary came to the throne, and that he was a prisoner on that account in Exeter gaol, over the walls of which he escaped in January, 1553. We can learn nothing further concerning him, except that he was one of the Sheriffs of Cornwall in 1547- The picture by Holbein after this drawing is in the collection of Lord de Clifford, at King's Weston, near Bristol. Ll r I Selh-i,,. A. Car don Sc. In his Majesty"^ Collection. Zcnicn . Fullislied Jaml.W'l '■•■ J.Ckamierhme ■ QUEEN ANNE OF CLEVE. The marriage of Henry the Eighth with Anne of Cleve may be considered merely as a political measure. Alarmed at the ambitious views of Charles the Fifth, and especially at some private negotiations of which he had gained information between that prince and Francis the First, which materially concerned his interest, it occurred to him that he could not more effectually guard himself against the Emperor than by cultivating the friendship of the princes of Germany. Sibilla, the eldest daughter of John Duke of Cleve, was already married to the Duke of Saxony ; and Henry, in giving his hand to the younger, meditated to secure the interest of those two powerful princes, and to pave the way for new alliances with others. Cromwell, too, then in the zenith of his favour, strongly promoted the match ; is said to have recommended the lady in terms better suited to his master's humour than to her merits ; and to have paid for the deceit with his life. In the winter of 1539 she arrived, royally attended by an English fleet of fifty sail. The King saw her privately at Rochester, and conceived an unconquerable distaste to her. He instantly determined to break off the match, if possible ; and, having heard of a sort of precontract between the lady and Francis, son of the Duke of Lorrain, affected to consider it as a legal bar to the proposed nuptials, complained heavily of it to the minister of the Duke her father, and referred it to the consider- ation of the privy council. These attempts proved vain : the Duke of Cleve immediately offered to procure a renunciation of the contract; and the council, contrary to its usual complaisance in Henry's causes, determined that such renun- ciation would amount to an absolute release. Henry, therefore, having now no excuse left, was most unwillingly married at Greenwich on the sixth of July, 1540. After the celebration of the nuptials his dislike increased every hour : even the next morning he expressed it most strongly to the unlucky Cromwell. He continued, however, to live with the Queen on decent terms, till the arrival of the promised instrument for annulling the contract with the Prince of Lorrain, which was imme- diately submitted to the council, now prepared and resolved to object to it. The two houses of parliament, similarly disposed, besought the King to allow that the validity of his marriage might be tried ; which being granted, a committee was appointed to examine evidence. The result of the inquiry was, that the precontract with the Prince of Lorrain still admitted of doubt ; that the King had married against his will ; and that the marriage had not been consummated ; and upon these grounds the convocation unanimously declared it dissolved. The next day Henry sent to request the Queen's consent to the separation ; to offer her an annuity of three thousand pounds, and to declare her by letters patent his adopted sister ; and to QUEEN ANNE OF CLEVE. signify his consent that she might live in England if it should he her choice : to all which she agreed without hesitation, or any sign of resentment ; and this, perhaps, is the hest proof we have from history of the meanness and insignificancy of her character. She immediately withdrew herself into privacy, and remained, almost forgotten, at her house at Chelsea, till her death on the sixteenth of July, 1557- This drawing of Anne of Cleve was bought at Dr. Mead's sale in 1755, by Walter Chetwynd, fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and was delivered by the executors of that gentleman to Benjamin Way, Esquire, of Denham in Bucks, who lately had the honour of receiving his Majesty's permission to add it to the Royal Collection. /{.-/I;. in His Majesty's Collection. tendon Publisted by S. Cham&a-lain, /■" J,nf 7SIX LORD CLINTON. Edward Lord Clinton was the only son of Thomas, the eighth Baron of his family, by Mary, a natural daughter to Sir Edward Poynings, Knight of the Garter. He was born in 1512, and, at the death of his father, within five years after, fell in wardship to the crown. Educated in the court, his youth was passed in those magnificent and romantic amusements which distinguished the beginning of Henry's reign, nor was it till 1544 that he appeared as a public character : in that year he attended the Earl of Hertford, and Dudley Lord Lisle, in their expedition to Scotland, and is said to have then entered into the naval service, in consequence of his intimacy with the latter, who at that time commanded the fleet. With these noblemen he scoured the coast of Scotland, and afterwards landed at Boulogne, which was then besieged by the King in person. At the commencement of the following reign, he was appointed Admiral of the fleet which aided the Duke of Somerset's great irruption into Scotland, and, owing to a singular circumstance, is said to have had a considerable share in the victory at Musselburgh, without quitting his ships ; for the van of the English army having changed its situation, the Scots imagined it was flying to the fleet, and thereupon forsook the high ground on which they had been advantageously posted, and, following the English to the sea-side, were received with a furious discharge of cannon from the shipping, which threw them at once into irrecoverable disorder. Soon after this period Lord Clinton was constituted Governor of Boulogne, and at his return from thence, after the peace of 1550, was appointed of the King's privy chamber, Lord Admiral of England for life, and a Knight of the Garter : to these dignities were added grants of estates to a very considerable value. In 1551, he represented his royal master at Paris, as godfather to the third son of France, afterwards Henry the Third : he negotiated at the same time the treaty of marriage intended between Edward the Sixth and Elizabeth, daughter of Henry the Second of France, and brought home with him the instrument of its ratification. Edward died soon after the conclusion of this embassy, and Lord Clinton, having recommended himself to the favour of that Prince's successor by his early expressions of attachment to her title, was sent in 1554, with some others of the loyal nobility, against Sir Thomas Wyat. In the autumn of the next year he carried the order of the Garter to Emanuel Duke of Savoy, and in 1557 had a principal command in the English army at the siege of St. Quintin. On the thirteenth of February, 1558, O. S., his patent of Lord Admiral was renewed ; and on the twelfth of April following he was appointed Commander in Chief, both by sea and land, of the forces then sent against France and Scotland. Elizabeth continued him in the post of Admiral, chose LORD CLINTON. him of her privy council, appointed him a Commissioner to examine Murray's charges against the Queen of Scots, and joined him to the Earl of Warwick in the command of the army sent in 1569 against the rebellious Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland. On the fourth of May, 1572, he was advanced to the title of Earl of Lincoln ; in the next year was a Commissioner for the trial of the Duke of Norfolk ; and in 1574 went Ambassador to France, to ratify the treaty of Blois. His last public service was in the ineffectual negotiation for a marriage between Elizabeth and the Duke of Anjou. He died on the sixteenth of January, 1584, O. S., and lies buried in St. George's Chapel, at Windsor, under a superb monument of alabaster and porphyry, which has lately been repaired with great nicety by order of his descendant, the present Duke of Newcastle. He was three times married : first to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, and widow to Gilbert Lord Talboys. By this lady, who had formerly admitted the caresses of Henry the Eighth, he had three daughters : Bridget, married to Robert Dymock, of Scrivelsby in Lincolnshire ; Catherine, to William Lord Borough ; and Margaret, to Charles Lord Willoughby of Parham. By his second wife, Ursula, daughter to Edward Lord Stourton, he had three sons : Henry, who succeeded him, Edward, and Thomas : and two daughters : Anne, wife of William Ayscough, of Kelsey in Lincolnshire ; and Frances, of Giles Bruges, Lord Chandos. He married, thirdly, Elizabeth, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare, who died without issue. Ba-i i i am. K§»f v : M x i P) » V ■ ■ ■;:■: Holbein ji.Card, 1 !) fa In his Majesty's Collection ZltTutmBMuhul Jan^I.lSIZ. Try J. ChamhlMn LORD COBHAM. George, Lord Cobham, was the eldest surviving son of Thomas Brook, second Lord Cobham, by Dorothy, daughter of Sir Henry Heydon, Knight. He married Anne, eldest daughter of Edmund, first Lord Bray, and had by her eight sons and four daughters : William, George, Thomas, John, and Henry, all of whom were married ; Thomas, Edward, and Edmund, who died infants. Catherine, wife of John Jerningham of Somerleighton, in Suffolk ; Elizabeth, married to William Par, Marquess of Northampton ; Anne and Mary, who died unmarried. We find nothing very remarkable in this nobleman's history. He joined in the common complaisance of the time, which induced the great men of his country to subscribe to that threatening letter to the Pope, which paved the way for the Reformation, and, like the rest, was rewarded with a part of the holy spoil ; obtaining for his share, in 1540, a grant in fee-simple of church-lands at Cobham, and Chattenden in Kent, to a considerable amount. Under Edward the Sixth, he was for a little time Lieutenant-General of some forces sent into the North ; and in the following reign experienced a short confinement in the Tower, on a groundless suspicion of some confederacy with Sir Thomas Wyat. He died soon after his enlargement, at his house of Cobham Hall, on the twenty-ninth of September, 1558, and was buried in the church of that parish. ffoU^iffi Jn hisMajestys Collection /,7/,/C -n. / J nl''i ./,.■' /■, ./, /,„„,'.,//.>/<, ■ jhft'/.JWH JOHN COLET, DEAN OF SAINT PAUL'S. The lives of those of the fifteenth century, who were remarkable only for their learning, afford but little to engage the attention even of the learned in our days ; for the labours of those voluminous writers who recorded all the quarrels of all the councils are now almost as much neglected as the solemn riddles of John Scotus and Thomas Aquinas, and their readers have sunk with them. The first purpose of learning in that time was to enable men to read what they could not understand : and the perfection of it was to be found in their attempts to understand what was unintelligible. As Doctor Colet's literature savoured much of these foibles, we shall be excused for passing it over nearly in silence ; yet it is but justice to his memory to own that he was somewhat inclined to differ from the old school, and would perhaps have directly opposed it, had he lived some years longer. He was born in 1466, the eldest of the twenty-two children of Sir Henry Colet, an Alderman of London, by his wife, Christian, whose family name is unknown, and who had the singular ill fortune to survive the whole of her numerous progeny. His education for the holy profession in which he afterwards distinguished himself was begun in London, matured at Magdalen College in Oxford, and perfected in France and Italy, where his profound knowledge of divinity is said to have stood unrivalled. After his return from his travels, he settled again at Oxford, where he contracted a strict intimacy with the admirable Erasmus, who was then studying there, and whose subsequent correspondence with him contains an history of his character, and in some measure of his life. We gather from thence, that he was a man of sanguine temperament ; high-spirited, and hasty ; inclined to the luxuries of the table, and gay conversation, and by no means insensible to impressions yet softer. These faults, however, he corrected by temperance, and by a severe application to his studies ; and, says Erasmus expressly, " Virginitatis florem ad mortem usque servavit." In 1493 he was admitted a Prebendary of York, and in 1502, of Salisbury ; and three years after was promoted, without interest or application, to the Deanery of Saint Paul's. Here he became remarkable for a most correct observance of his pastoral duties ; and, in addition to his own personal services, drew together the most eminent scholars and divines of the time, to read lectures in his cathedral, of which number Erasmus himself was one. Amidst these pious labours for the living, he formed a noble plan for the benefit of thousands yet unborn, and had the happiness to carry it into execution, — the foundation of Saint Paul's School. This lasting monu- ment to his fame he erected at the expense of four thousand five hundred pounds ; intrusted the government of the school to the Mercers' Company, of which his father had been a member ; and gave the charge of education to the famous grammarian, William Lilly. JOHN COLET, DEAN OF SAINT PAUL'S. His health soon after declined, and from three repeated attacks of the sweating sickness he fell into a consumption. Incapacitated hy this infirmity from performing the offices of his function, he retired to the monastery of the Carthusians at Shene ; and, having languished for some months, died there on the sixteenth of September, 1519, and was buried in his cathedral church of Saint Paul. It may be proper to observe, that if Holbein drew this head from the life, he must have been in England at a much earlier age than has been supposed ; for he was an infant when Colet returned from his travels, and was scarcely twenty-one years old at the time of the Dean's death. It is not improbable, however, that a portrait of the Dean had been made while he was abroad by some Italian painter, and that the drawing before us was copied from it by Holbein, with that enchanting grace and spirit which only his hand could give. Ed w« rd Sta n Wj %a r 1 e o f I ney. . : =/7 tt ss X. //W/v//' °i Holbein !*rtVM»?cww«« KB' 'Of/,/ In his Majesty's Collection Zondon Puhlidud. by jaiMnherlMuiclfJim.WlZ THE MARCHIONESS OF DORSET. Frances, eldest daughter of the brave and courtly Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by his illustrious spouse Mary, Queen Dowager of France, and sister to our Henry the Eighth, was the second wife of Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset, who, in consequence of his marriage with her, was in the next reign created Duke of Suffolk. The misfortunes of this lady's family form a very important part of the history of her time. Connected with the ambitious Dudley, Duke of Northum- berland, by the ill-fated union of his son to the Lady Jane Grey, she was overwhelmed by his fall, without partaking of his guilt. Having seen her amiable daughter unjustly placed on a throne, and still more unjustly forced from that throne to the scaffold, she was soon after bereft also of her husband, by the same base hand that had so lately shed the pure blood of his dearest offspring. To those who are unacquainted with the true character of that time, it may seem strange that a woman afflicted with such heavy woes should think of a second husband ; and yet stranger that she, who was the daughter of one queen and the mother of another, should fix her choice on one of her domestic officers, Adrian Stokes, the Master of her Horse. The truth is, that the Duchess and her two surviving daughters, the poor remains of a noble house too nearly allied to royalty, were still objects of suspicion. In those days great connexions induced popularity, and mean alliances excited universal contempt : the Duchess therefore hoped, by this voluntary self-degradation, to sink beneath the jealousy of the court ; and, doubtless with the same policy, the Lady Mary, her youngest child, who had been formally betrothed to the son of Arthur Lord Grey of Wilton, married Martin Keys, a person in no higher rank than that of Sergeant Porter at the court : Catherine, the second daughter, already disgraced by her own imprudence, had been before divorced from her husband, Lord Herbert, and was some years after the miserable wife of Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford. We are told by Camden, in his history of Queen Elizabeth, that the Duchess of Suffolk died in 1563 ; the indubitable authority, however, of her funeral certificate, preserved in that college of which Camden was a member, fixes the date of her death to the twentieth of November, 1559. After her decease, Elizabeth sent for the heralds, and personally commanded them to devise an augmentation to the Duchess's arms, in consideration of her splendid descent, and to bring it to court for the royal approbation. She was buried with great pomp, exactly one month after her death, in St. Edmund's chapel, in the abbey church of Westminster, under a tomb of alabaster, erected at the charge of her husband, Mr. Stokes. The portraits of the Duchess and of that gentleman, in the same original picture, painted by Lucas de Heere, are in the collection of the Earl of Orford. The resemblance of Holbein's drawing to the person of the lady in that picture, allowing for the difference of age, is very striking. 1 Pri ' Holbein Cooper I ■ ftIS M UE STY'S C DIXECTI i - ■ London .P/ibfi^hed by J.rtiam b/>rlairu JanZ I. fS/2. Edward Prim x \h ;*■■;■•■, ■;■. ! ' ^••-■,:A5y.-f.^V .- -_ -^ Holbein Cooper N HIS MAJESTYS C ' ( )LlJPvC"TI[ ON Zondsn .Published bv J Chamber lame Jan.././S/Z: * 3LdwatL/t~71 THE LADY ELYOT Was Margaret, daughter of Sir Maurice Abarrow, of North Charford in Hampshire, Knight, and wife of Sir Thomas Elyot, an eminent person of his time, whose story will hereafter accompany his portrait in this collection. She had by that gentleman three sons, all of whom died without issue. After Sir Thomas's death, in 1546, she married Sir James Dyer, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, to whom she bore no children. She died at Stoughton, in the county of Huntingdon, on the twenty-fifth of August, 1569 ; and was buried, with much solemnity, on the eighth of September following, as her funeral certificate informs us, in the church of that parish, near her last husband's mansion-house : the Lady Williams, alias Cromwell, attending as chief- mourner, with many other ladies of the first note in the county. V-UV i.ifv. •--"-*- *****«»*** tox ni M lt i.m B. lv^j. ( '. ; : ! "^ *'<% Holl'i Boequef IN 'i.iiv MAJESTY'S ('< )i I,ECTW >H AwCvz hihli.'-h,;/ by , Tfli/mtlirrfai/if.Jan *H8l2 '. SIR JOHN GAGE Was the eldest son of a private gentleman, William Gage, of Burstow, in Surrey, by Agnes, daughter of Thomas Bolney. He was an infant at the time of his father's death, and inherited from him estates in Sussex and Surrey to so considerable an amount that Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, then in great power and favour, condescended to ask for his wardship ; and he received, under the observation of that nobleman, an education calculated to qualify him for the army and the court. He made his first public appearance in the remarkable campaign of 1513 ; was present at the sieges of Tournay and Therouenne ; and fought with so much gallantry at the latter place, that Henry thought him worthy of the post of Captain of the Castle of Calais : from whence he was recalled to assume the offices of Vice Chamberlain and Captain of the Guard, and to take a seat in the Privy Council. He afterwards commanded bravely and prudently against the Scots, and on his return from that expedition was made Comptroller of the Household and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The Constableship of the Tower of London was given to him soon after; and in 1541, he was installed a Knight of the Garter. In 1545 he commanded, jointly with Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, at the siege of Boulogne. Henry appointed him one of his executors, and he continued in favour in the following reign, till the Duke of Northumberland came into power ; when, on some now forgotten occasion of umbrage given to that haughty peer, he was dismissed from his offices, and, among the rest, from that of Constable of the Tower, though it had been granted to him by the late King for life : Mary, however, restored it to him, and in 1553 made him Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He died in 1557, a g e d seventy-seven, and was buried at West Firle in Sussex, on the twenty-eighth of April in that year, having had by his wife Philippa, daughter of Sir Richard Guldeford, K.G., five sons : Sir Edward, who succeeded to his estates ; James, Robert, William, and one who probably died an infant : and four daughters : Alice, wife of Sir Anthony Browne, K.G. ; Anne, of John Thatcher, of Priesthaw, in Sussex ; and two others, whose Christian names are unknown, who were married to Sir John Jennings, and to William Baynham, of Clowerwell in Gloucestershire. Holbien Cooper. IM HIS MAJTiE S T 1f*S C 01ILE C TIOET, Zondek PubUsiied. ty JChamberlaine, JanU, 1812. S. GEORGE. Simon George, of Quocoute, in the county of Cornwall, was the son of a private gentleman of his names, who acquired property at that place and lived there, and whose father came from Gloucestershire into Dorsetshire, and settled at Osmondton, in the latter county : his mother was descended from a good family of the name of Hussey. He married Thomasine, daughter of Richard Lanyon, a gentleman of an ancient Cornish house, and had hy her two sons : Simon, who died without issue ; and Salathiel, who settled at Trenouth, and was living there in 1620, having at that time three daughters, Anne, Elizabeth, and Thomasine. Holbein ■ Facuu' Sc In his "Majesty's Collection Ionian.. Putfahttl Jan y :h 1812. fa J. Chamberlain*. SIR JOHN GODSALVE. This gentleman was descended from a family of some antiquity in Norfolk. His father, Thomas Godsalve, of Norwich, inherited a considerable patrimony in that county, and increased it to a great amount by grants of abbey lands. His mother too, a widow, of the name of Elizabeth Potkin, seems to have brought a large property into the family ; and Sir John, who was their eldest son, became possessed of almost the whole at his father's death, and settled at Buckenham Ferry, in his native county, one of his principal estates. Long before that time, however, he had become in some sort a courtier. We find him in the numerous and splendid train which attended Henry the Eighth in his voyage to Boulogne. Edward the Sixth made him a Knight of the Carpet, on Shrove Tuesday, the twenty-second of February, 1547-8, at the magnificent jousts which followed his coronation, and he was soon after appointed a Commissioner of Visitation. In the third year of that prince he held the office of Comptroller of the Mint ; and is said to have been concerned with Sir William Sherington, Vice Treasurer of the Mint at Bristol, in those speculations which are spoken of elsewhere in this volume. He married Anne, daughter of a Mr. Widmermole, and had by her two sons : William, who married a daughter of Sir John Shelton, Knight, and died childless ; and Thomas, who lived at Buckenham Ferry, married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard, and sister of Sir John Townshend, of Raynham, and left a numerous issue. Thomas, his grandson, and heir, removed into Lincolnshire, and was living there at Barton on Humber in the middle of the last century. Sir John Godsalve died in 1557. Usltty (Guldeford Knight. s -•■■■■ , / jS ■ ■_-"" ,. ,/&*##*' A .^jW^H****'""'' *X. "iM'&W,,. *3§ \ ^B**" •*K I 4 Tlolbein pinx f H. Cooper jc IB" HIS MAJESTYS COLLECTION Iond,on.2utlishc) Z(¥uunberlaine>, Jan ?J.I8J2. THE LADY HENEGHAM Was Mary, one of the younger daughters of Sir John Shelton, of Shelton in Norfolk, by Anne, daughter of Sir William Boleyn, and aunt to the unfortunate Queen Anne. She became the second wife of Sir Anthony Heveningham, or Henningham, of Ketteringham in Norfolk, who was made a Knight Banneret by Henry the Eighth, and whose mother too was a daughter of the same family of Shelton. Her marriage with Sir Anthony took place in, or a little before, the year 1546. Thus doubly allied to that short-lived royalty with which the capricious passion of Henry had invested her fair cousin, we may presume that this lady and her husband did not pass unnoticed in the court. The ruin, however, of Anne, which involved her nearest relations, and extended its influence in some degree to all her family, certainly deprived them of the royal favour, if they ever enjoyed it, and has probably been the means of burying their distinctions in oblivion. All that we now know of her is, that she had by Sir Anthony two sons : Sir Arthur, who inherited his father's estates ; and John : and three daughters : Abigail, Bridget, and Elizabeth. The family flourished in great respectability and wealth in the county of Norfolk, till the great-grandson of this lady, William, whose name appears in the regicide warrant of 1648, forfeited them by that detestable treason. Lady Heveningham became a widow in 1558, and soon after Sir Anthony's death married Philip Appleyard, Esq. She died about the year 1563. f±>U?ien, i \farieAnrutJteuriur "> IN HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION Zond :■> PubUske, I by ■ I ■ hambcrltuiU!, ■ '■/" 1 18} ! SIR PHILIP HOBBY. Sir Philip Hobby was the second surviving son of William Hobby, of Leominster in the county of Hereford, by a gentlewoman named Catherine Foster. It should seem, from some circumstances not worth stating here, that his father was meanly descended ; while other, and perhaps better, authorities derive him from a most ancient house in Radnorshire. He had attained to the middle age before he became known at court. His zeal for the Reformation recommended him to Henry the Eighth, and that prince towards the end of his reign employed him in some foreign negotiations of no great moment. He was of the Privy Council under Edward the Sixth, and of that select part which might be called the Cabinet, as appears by one of the King's memorandums in the collection of papers at the end of Burnet's History of the Reformation. In 1548 he was Ambassador resident at the court of the Emperor Charles the Fifth ; and in April 1552, was appointed, with the Marquess of Northampton and others, to treat at Paris of the marriage then proposed between the young Edward and the Princess Elizabeth, daughter to Henry the Second of France. He departed thither, says the King's journal, on the fifteenth of May, attended by ten gentlemen of his own, in velvet coats, with chains of gold. In the spring of the following year he was sent to Mary Queen Dowager of Hungary, Regent of the Netherlands under the Emperor her brother, to complain of certain infringements on the naval and commercial interests of England, and was afterwards frequently employed in negotiating with the rich merchants of Antwerp those loans for which they were then so famous. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Walter Stonor, Knight, and dying childless on the thirty-first of May, 1558, at the age of fifty-three, was buried in the parish church of Bisham in Berkshire. His body was removed several years after to a chapel then newly erected in another part of the church, as a burying-place for the family, by Elizabeth, the widow of Sir Thomas Hobby. A superb monument to the memory of the two brothers remains there, with an epitaph written by that lady, displaying their characters in English and Latin verse, with more copiousness than elegance. Tke Lady HoTbTbei, Jm. r ./" ■ ■ II, I/;,,, E 1;, ',;/„.■/ m HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION. /., „,!,;, .I',,!!,. ,/,,;! Ir. I , I.,,,,/.,!,,,,, ,/ "' >.;, 'J312 THE LADY HOBBY Was Elizabeth, third of the four celebrated daughters of Sir Anthony Cooke, of Gidea Hall in Essex, by Anne, daughter of Sir William Fitzwilliam, of Gainspark in that county. She was married young to Sir Thomas Hobby, brother to Sir Philip, both eminent men in the public service, and had by him two sons and two daughters : Sir Edward, who was born about 1560, and who, having gained some reputation as a writer, as well on religious as political subjects, died on the first of March, 1616 ; Thomas Posthumous, born, as his name bespeaks, after his father's death ; Elizabeth, and Anne, who died young. After the death of Sir Thomas Hobby, which happened on the thirteenth of July, 1566, at Paris, where he was ambassador, this lady married John Lord Russell, second son, but, by the death of his elder brother, heir-apparent to Francis, second Earl of Bedford. By this nobleman, who did not survive his father, she had issue Francis, who died young in 1580 ; Elizabeth, who, dying unmarried, was buried in Westminster Abbey, where strangers are usually amused with the idle tale that her death was caused by a pricked finger ; and Anne, who became the wife of Edward Somerset, Earl, and afterwards Marquess, of Worcester. Lady Hobby, as well as her sisters, cultivated studies which are not usually admitted into the education of females. Her translation from the French of a Treatise " Touching the true Nature and Substance of the Body and Blood of Christ in the Sacrament," was printed in 1605, and the inscriptions at great length, in Greek, Latin, and English, on the tombs of her two husbands — that of Sir Thomas Hobby remaining at Bisham in Berkshire, Lord Russell's in Westminster Abbey — were doubtless written by herself, and sufficiently prove, if such proof were necessary, her skill in the learned languages. She directed their funerals, which were performed with the greatest magnificence. Indeed her fondness for those pompous soothings, which it was usual at that time for Grief to accept at the hands of Pride, scarcely died with her : for a letter is extant from her to Sir William Dethick, Garter King of Arms, desiring to know " what number of mourners were due to her calling ; what number of waiting women, pages, and gentlemen ushers ; of chief mourners, lords, and gentlemen ; the manner of her hearse, of the heralds, and church," &c. This remarkable epistle concludes thus: "Good Mr. Garter, do it exactly, for I find forewarnings that bid me provide me a pick-axe," &c. The time of her death is not exactly known, but it is supposed to have been about 1596. She is buried at Bisham with her first husband. ^iS ssiSiSvaS ^fsmim M.'tbe, Ch^esman wa rd w«m ■ ■ - -■■ . - . 3L Esof Suxrei - - -, 4$& }$:. : ■■■■', -' - Bill ..-.KKXS-rr*. -.' Hell' <'m. Ckeesnwn So In his Majesty's Collection. 2i*<&n TklUshecL J a ii y l. W12. In J. Chamberla * HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY. As the title of this little tract contradicts the inscription on the drawing here imitated, it is proper, if not necessary, to account in the first place for a variation seemingly so strange. This may be easily done : two Earls of Surrey, Henry and Thomas, lived in Holbein's time : a portrait of the latter may be found elsewhere in this collection ; and it requires no eye of nice discrimination to discover that this must have represented another person. To ascertain the person whom it was designed to represent, we need only refer to the many pictures extant of the celebrated Henry, and in particular to that fine one by Holbein, in the possession of the Duke of Norfolk ; and to a sketch by Vertue, likewise in the collection of that noble person, from another original by the same painter. There can be doubt that the titles on the corners of his Majesty's drawings were transcribed by the same person, and at the same time, probably about a century since, from the almost obliterated inscriptions by Holbein's own hand ; such of which as yet remain are faithfully copied in this publication : it is equally clear that in the present instance the transcriber, through ignorance and inattention, has substituted Thomas for Henry. Henry, Earl of Surrey, was the eldest son of Thomas, third Duke of Norfolk, by his second Duchess, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buck- ingham. He was bred with Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, natural son to Henry the Eighth, and a youth of great promise. With this young nobleman he contracted a strict friendship, founded on a happy agreement of talents and tempers, and at length cemented by Richmond's marriage to Mary, the Earl's only sister. Upon the Duke's death, in July 1536, he travelled into Germany and Italy, and at Florence conceived that tender passion which probably first inspired his muse. Here, in the romantic style of ancient chivalry, he challenged, fought, and conquered for his fair Geraldine, under which poetical denomination he is now pretty well understood to have meant the Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare. Upon this occasion the Grand Duke presented him with that shield of curious workmanship which remains at Norfolk House, and was engraved by Vertue, in his fine plate of the Earl of Arundel's family. In 1542 we find him first in a military character, fighting in Scotland under his father, who commanded the English army there ; and in 1544, Field-marshal in the expedition to Boulogne, where he was appointed Captain General towards the close of the following year. An unsuccessful sally from this fortress lost him the favour of a prince who never regarded merit unless attended by good fortune. He was removed from his command ; and is said on this trying occasion to have uttered some spirited expressions which were never forgiven. The resentment of the Earl of HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF SURREY. Hertford, then in high favour, whose daughter Surrey had refused to marry, contributed to increase the misfortune ; and the appointment of Hertford to succeed him in his post at Boulogne widened more than ever the breach between them. The ruin of the whole house of Howard seems to have been determined on, and some dissensions then unfortunately subsisting in the family served to forward the designs of their enemies. The Duke of Norfolk and his son were imprisoned on charges of high treason, so miserably futile that history has, as it were, disdained to record them. The only accusations which have been distinctly delivered to us were, that the Earl had quartered the arms of Edward the Confessor, intimating thereby a claim to the succession, and had used a coronet much resembling a royal crown. These circumstances, together with some private conversations with his sister, the Duchess of Richmond, who, strange to tell, voluntarily came forward to disclose them, formed the whole of the evidence on which this amiable and accomplished nobleman was found guilty of high treason, and beheaded on the nineteenth of January, 1546-7. The character of Henry Earl of Surrey reflects splendour even on the name of Howard. With the true spirit and dignity of an English nobleman, and with a personal courage almost romantic, he united a politeness and urbanity then almost peculiar to himself, and all those mild and sweet dispositions which blandish private life. He possessed talents capable of directing or thwarting the most important state affairs ; but he was too honourable to be the instrument either of tyranny or rebellion, and the violent reign under which he had the misfortune to live admitted of no medium. He applied those talents, therefore, to softer studies ; and revived, in an age too rude to enjoy fully those beauties which mere nature could not but in some degree relish, the force of expression, the polished style, and the passionate sentiments, of the best poets of antiquity. Mother lak ,-. Bblbitn Outsmart, In His Majesty's Collection JSandfffb: "Published, by XChamberlairte Jiui f.fdl'3 MOTHER JAK. The very little we know of this personage of singular appearance is chiefly derived from the communication of the late Earl of Orford, who informed the writer of these lines, that a portrait hy Holbein after this drawing, inscribed " Mother Jak, nurse to King Edward Sixth," was sold several years since, in the collection of a Mrs. Hunter. Some pains have been taken, in vain, to discover the present possessor of that picture. Vertue, in his catalogue of the collection of King Charles the First, mentions this drawing ; and, on what authority we know not, calls the person whom it represents " Mother Jackson." Perhaps the abbreviation originated in the mouth of the infant Edward, and became, as we may easily believe it would, more current at Court than the true name of the nurse. Hnlkrin S.Mrwsi. ITT HI S M A JE STY '§ C QTJLE C Ti ON LoiidOTb:PuM>J.fli,uiil-rrl,itii,- /■'./,/// '"1812. WBSL ''•'■■'-• ; JZolhe Meyer Se, 1m his Majesty's Collection. Zondon., fiil'lisltcd Jar^!. 7812. 7?v J. Chaml-crfaim ■ THE LADY MARY. Biography, which dwells with rapture on sublime virtues, and records with a secret complacency, not only splendid faults and errors, but even crimes, when founded on bold and grand designs, or productive of vast events, turns with disgust from guilt which partakes of meanness or folly, and contracts as much as possible the painful narration of its consequences. If Mary was wicked, her guilt was of that pitiful cast ; if she was not, she had no character of her own, but was merely an instrument occasionally in the hands of men, weak, cruel, or designing. In the former case, we would speak briefly of her from choice ; in the latter, we must of necessity : and, perhaps, from the remarkable absence of all historical evidence as to her talents, accomplishments, or personal concern in matters of state, we may fairly draw a negative inference that she did labour under no small degree of mental imbecility. The very nature, however, of the principle on which this conjecture is founded, while it seems to offer a shadow of apology for the sanction given by Mary's name to the enormities of her reign, precludes all means of argument on the subject. She was born at Greenwich on the eighteenth of February, 1517 , the daughter of Henry the Eighth by Catherine of Arragon. Her education is said to have been perfect, after the manner of that time : Margaret Countess of Salisbury, a princess of the house of York, and mother to Cardinal Pole, was appointed her governess ; and two of the most learned men of the age, Thomas Lynacre and Ludovicus Vives, were successively her preceptors. Her attachment to the Roman Catholic persuasion was all but natural to her. Bred from her earliest infancy in that faith by a mother whom she adored, and a witness hourly to pieties too mild for the warmth of her youth, and too refined for her mean intellects, she became a bigot even in her childhood : torn rudely from the arms of that beloved parent ; forced to sign a declaration that the marriage of which herself was the offspring was unlawful and incestuous ; compelled to abstain from the practice of her religion, and threatened, even with death, for holding her very opinions ; persecuted in every way during her father's life, she became a persecutor in her turn, and, from impulse rather than premeditation, wreaked her vengeance on the professors of those tenets to which she very justly ascribed her past sufferings. She succeeded her brother Edward on the sixth of July, 1553, and the feeble opposition raised in favour of Jane Grey being soon subdued, was crowned on the fourth of the following October. Her determination to restore the ancient religion appeared immediately after her accession, but did not affect her popularity. Perhaps the common people approved the measure ; and the great, whose possession of the church lands remained unquestioned, were indifferent about it. Her marriage THE LADY MARY. with Philip of Spain, on the twenty-fifth of July, 1554, seemed to be the signal for the commencement of those horrors which blackened her short reign. The old sanguinary laws against heretics were revived, and the execution of them put into the hands of Gardiner and Bonner : the former distinguished by a refined subtlety and a most revengeful temper ; the latter, by a malignity so furious that it savoured of madness ; and both, by a fixed hatred to the Protestants. Under sentences passed by these monsters, or their deputies, nearly three hundred persons perished in the flames. Philip, in the meantime, treated the Queen with indifference and neglect. Disappointed in his hopes of an heir, and willing perhaps to withdraw himself from a scene of blood in which he was suspected to be but too deeply concerned, he sailed to Spain, leaving Mary under the influence of a dropsical complaint, the first appearance of which had been mistaken for pregnancy. During his absence for two years, little passed worthy of notice. Menaced by insurrections at home, and by invasion from the warlike Scots, Mary's ministers were continually occupied in schemes for raising money to repel these dangers, without laying general burdens on a people who detested them. In 1557 the King returned, and persuaded, or rather compelled, his consort to declare war against France ; a war distinguished by one remarkable event, the disgraceful loss of Calais, which the English had held for two centuries. Mary's enfeebled frame, worn out by lingering illness, and by repeated vexations, gave way to this shock. She was heard to say that if her body were opened, Calais would be found nearest her heart. She survived the misfortune a few months, and died on the seventeenth of November, 1558. ...;r:~~-':~" i i / Bbtbdn E.Bi ■•■fu.t i [IS MAJ ESTY'S < < LLECTH ,,/■/,■../„;/ I , I Chum!, r/."", /"''/»' '■■/ ' PHILIP MELANCTHON. Melancthon's literary character is already well known to all who have studied controversial divinity ; and perhaps there is not much in it to interest readers of any other class in these days : for Melancthon meddled chiefly with matters of faith, which furnished the fashionable employment for the busy heads of his time. He has left an uncommon reputation for a man of his sort, for he wielded his polemical weapons with the grace as well as the skill of a fencer, and was at once the disputant and the gentleman : in other words, his zeal was tempered with charity. He was born at Brette, a village of the Palatinate, on the sixteenth of February, 1497> an( l made an amazing progress in languages even in his childhood : for, if we may credit his biographers, he attracted the notice of the Elector at twelve years of age, and was then invited by that prince to Wirtemberg, where he was soon after made Greek Professor. Luther and his doctrines appeared about this time, and Melancthon stood forward as their most strenuous supporter: his first important tracts were in the defence of those novelties against the University of Paris, which had condemned them, and he afterwards assisted Luther in the composition of his most material publications. Indeed, the Lutheran system was in a great measure planned by him, and the famous instrument by which it was publicly declared, called the Confession of Augsburg, was the production of his pen. Melancthon was the intimate friend of Erasmus, and Erasmus the patron of Holbein : this connexion may account for his appearance in a collection of portraits of Englishmen, for he never was in this country ; his life was passed in Germany, in the support and propagation of these new opinions, the establishment of which owed much to his learning and acuteness, and perhaps still more to his benevolence and the sweetness of his temper. His panegyrists have exalted him almost above nature ; one calls him Vir in quo cum doctrina pietas cum utraque candor certavit ; another, Theologies corculum reformatce ; a third, Communis Germanics prceceptor ; a fourth, Literarum et literatorum decus ; and a fifth, The Phosnix of Germany. He died at Wirtemberg, on the nineteenth of April, 1564, aged sixty-four. Lady Menjias, ^ _. W ■ '-if*- : : SoUt Fticius Sc, In His Majesty s Cotlilection< l.mdm .FiMisluAJmOU 1312 . l>y J.Chamherlaint . THE LADY MEUTAS. The maiden name of this lady, of whose descent we are ignorant, was Joan Ashley. She was married young to Sir Peter Meutas, or Meautis, a person considerably favoured by Henry the Eighth, as his grandfather, John Meautis, a Norman, who came into England with Henry the Seventh, and served him in the capacities of Secretary for the French Tongue, and Clerk of the Council, had been by that monarch. She brought him three children. Henry, the eldest son, married Anne, daughter of Sir John Jenny of Suffolk, and succeeded to his father in the possession of his estates in Essex, which remained in the family till towards the end of the last century ; Hercules espoused Philippa, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, of Gidea Hall, in that county ; and Frances, the only daughter, became the wife of Henry Howard, Viscount Bindon. ■-■-■ .■.:--'x.T.V - -■ t ■- -■■ .-^-*.~ ,- r Tin ■ I M ]<1\- Mi -nil -gle ^aasF'':-* m- jFfolbieri It. Cooper [JST HIS MAJE&TY& COtLECnON £ondon:fub&shed hv '. Chamberlains-Jan /'$/2 THE LADY MONTEAGLE. Thomas Stanley, second Lord Monteagle of his family, who died in 1560, was twice married : first to Mary, one of the daughters of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; and, secondly, to Ellen, daughter of Thomas Preston, of Preston Patrick in Westmoreland, and widow of Sir James Leyburne, Knight. We have searched in vain for intelligence, which might authorise us to assign this portrait to the one or the other ; and the apparent age of the lady whom it represents will not enable us to determine between the wife of many years and the newly-married widow. Leaving this matter then in suspense, we can only say further, that Lord Monteagle's first wife brought him three sons, and as many daughters. William, the eldest, succeeded to the title, and was the last of his name who bore it ; Charles and Francis died childless : Elizabeth became the wife of Richard Zouch, of Staffordale in Somersetshire ; Margaret was married, first to William Sutton, of Barling in Essex ; secondly, to Richard Taylard, a merchant of London ; and Anne, to Sir John Clifton, of Barrington in Somersetshire, Knight. The second Lady Monteagle left no children. ludgc More . S'.TIio'.Mores Father i I : ! ■ I luMlil IToll/tin. fiina: {' T.CheejmaTvJt. m his Majestt's Collection Zerulon.Fublishcd. Jan?.!. 1812. hy J- Chamberlain* . SIR JOHN MORE. We know nothing of this gentleman's parentage : no record of his family appears in the College of Arms ; and among the many who have written the life of Sir Thomas More, though all strive to refute a prevailing opinion that he came of an ohscure family, not one has attempted to trace his pedigree heyond his father, of whom we are now to speak. He received his professional education in Lincoln's Inn, and was esteemed a good lawyer soon after his appearance at the har. In 1501 his son, already in the House of Commons, gave great offence to the Court hy his successful opposition to a motion for an impost of three-fifteenths for the marriage of Henry the Seventh's eldest daughter to the King of Scots ; upon which Henry, reversing the threat of the Decalogue, sent the father to the Tower. Spite and avarice were the ruling features of that Prince's character: having gratified the former disposition hy imprisoning a guiltless person, he proceeded to feed the latter hy the hase exaction of a fine of 1001. ; on payment of which More was set at liberty, and, resuming the exercise of his profession, was called to the degree of Serjeant at Law in Michaelmas term, 1505. Not much has been delivered to us respecting his character. He was appointed a Judge of the King's Bench in 1518 ; and as he experienced no further promotion, it might be plausibly inferred that his abilities were not of a superior cast, especially when we recollect the great source of legal preferment which existed in his family. We are told that he possessed much of that pleasant humour which distinguished his son ; and the Chancellor, in his own epitaph written by himself, calls his father homo civilis, suavis, innocens, misericors, cequus, et integer : it may be thought that he would have added sapiens, if the subject had deserved that epithet. The portrait, however, to which this little tract is annexed affords a strong presumptive evidence in his favour: — it is surely the head of a wise man, and Holbein's pencil has seldom been accused of infidelity. He is said to have been thrice married : first, to a daughter of Handcombe, of Holywell in Bedfordshire, who brought him one son, afterwards the famous Sir Thomas, and two daughters ; Jane, married to Richard Staffreton ; and Elizabeth, to John Rastall, father of the judge of that name. His third wife was Alicia, daughter of John More, of Loseley in Surrey, and widow of Clerke ; but the second is unknown. He died in 1533, aged ninety. Jfoibcin deZK T. Ch&cj-rnan, Sc Ik Hi's Majesty's Collection c londcn . TvMwhed Jan?. 1. ISM ■ ly J.CkamberTaine. . SIR THOMAS MORE. To say that Sir Thomas More was the brightest character of the age in which he lived — an age which exhibited the ferocity of uncivilised man without his simplicity, and the degeneracy of modern times without their refinement — were praise beneath his merit : to challenge the long and glittering chain of English biography to produce his equal at any period, might be deemed presumptuous : but if the wise and honest statesman, the acute and uncorrupt magistrate, the loyal but independent subject, constitute an excellent public man ; if the good father, the good husband, and the good master, the firm friend, the moral though witty companion, the upright neighbour, the pious Christian, and the patient martyr, form a perfect private character, — ecce homo. He was born in Milk Street, London, about the year 1480 ; the only son of Sir John More, a Judge of the King's Bench, whose portrait has heretofore appeared in this Collection, by the daughter of a Mr. Handcombe, of Holywell, in Bedfordshire. He acquired the learned languages at the hospital of St. Anthony, in the parish of St. Bennet Fink, then a school of high reputation ; from whence he was removed to St. Mary Hall, or, as some say, to Christ Church, in the university of Oxford. Having naturally embraced his father's profession, and soon becoming famous in it, he was very early a Member of the House of Commons, and was distinguished there for a freedom of conduct which, at that time, could only have arisen from the purest motives. In this spirit he opposed a tax which was required for the marriage of the Princess Margaret, sister to the King, who revenged himself, as has been already said, by committing the young senator's father to the Tower. Henry, however, who with all his faults easily discovered, and generally encouraged, true merit, soon after directed Wolsey to bring More to the Court, and having made him a Master of Requests, and a Knight, received him into the Privy Council, and sent him Ambassador to France, and afterwards to Flanders. In 1523, he was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons ; in 1528, was appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; and in 1530, in spite of his objection to Henry's darling project of divorcing Queen Catherine, Lord Chancellor of England. Such, indeed, was his independent spirit, that not long before this period he steadfastly refused a present of four thousand pounds from the body of the clergy, for his watchful attention to the interests of that religion, which he cherished for its own sake merely, and to which at last he sacrificed even his life. He sat but three years in his high office. Henry condescended once more to ask his consent to the divorce, and the Chancellor had again the boldness to refuse. A storm immediately gathered against him, and he prudently requested leave to SIR THOMAS MORE. resign, which the King granted, and accepted the seals with much seeming grace. He retired thereupon to his house at Chelsea, from whence it is prohable he never after came to the Court. Unfortunately he was called to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn, which he steadfastly declined ; and perhaps from this ill compliment, rather than from his refusal of the oath of supremacy, or his opposition to the act for bastardising the Lady Mary, we may date his ruin. He was committed to the Tower, accused of misprision of treason, and at last, owing to the treachery of Rich, who afterwards unworthily filled his chair, was indicted of high treason, and beheaded on the sixth of June, 1535. He left issue by his wife, Jane, eldest daughter of John Colte, of Newhall in Essex, one son, John : and three daughters : Margaret, married to John Roper, of Eltham in Kent, who became the Chancellor's biographer ; Eliza- beth, to the son and heir of Sir John Dancey ; and Cicely, to Giles Heron, of Shacklewell in Middlesex. By his second wife, Alice Middleton, a widow, he had no children. It is almost needless to mention his literary works. His Utopia, and Life of Richard the Third, are well known ; his smaller productions consist chiefly of Latin poems and polemical tracts. Yet less necessary would it be to speak of his person, were it not for the peculiar character expressed in this fine portrait ; where the artist, to the archness of a lively fancy, or the complacency of a benign mind, has most judiciously preferred the deliberating brow, and the doubtful but penetrating eye of the judge on the bench, searching for truth in the features, as well as in the words, of the culprit, or witness, supposed to be in his presence. IroliiiMorc S^'IIvkbms Moves IS©n. Jfolttin. A.CardcnSc. JnbisMajestys Collection, iondun,, Published, 'JartfT. W?, Vy. J.Chamberlaine . JOHN MORE Was the only son of the eminent and excellent Sir Thomas More, by his first wife, Jane, daughter of John Colt, of Colt's Hall in Essex. It has been said, that he laboured under an intellectual weakness from his infancy, and the report has originated in a great measure from the character fancied to be expressed in his portrait, which appears in the famous picture of the More family at Burford in Oxfordshire, falsely ascribed to Holbein, and which is precisely copied from this drawing. We are told too, as a further proof, that Sir Thomas said to his wife, who, having successively borne him three daughters, had wished anxiously for a son, " You have prayed so long for a boy, that you now have one who will be a boy as long as he lives." To the opinion founded on the picture, not to mention the uncertainty of physiognomical conclusions, it may be fairly answered, that it is in a great degree contradicted by the evidence of the portrait itself; for who would paint a fool with a book in his hands, and in an attitude of deep study ? And as to the lively saying of the father, it is at least as likely that it was meant to allude to the levity of the youth's temper, as to the weakness of his understanding. But there are stronger proofs in his favour. Erasmus, who was not used to compliment idly, inscribed to him an account of Aristotle's works, and addressed a letter to him, chiefly on literary subjects, in which we find him expressly termed " a youth of the best hopes." It is of little consequence to us whether John More, who lived and died a very private man, was or was not an idiot : but it cannot be wrong to correct a written misrepresentation. He married Anne, daughter and sole heir to Edward Crisacre, of Baronburgh in Yorkshire, a gentleman of handsome fortune ; and, by the way, Mr. Granger, having Latinised this lady's name into Anna Grisacria, erroneously makes her the wife of Sir John More, the grandfather of this John, who, he tells us, married her in his old age. Mr. More is said to have had by her five sons : and the author of these slight notices has been assured that the last of his male descendants, Thomas More, a very respectable clergyman of the Romish persuasion, died at Bath, on the twentieth of May, in the year 1795. H-oftien del in ■ IN HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION /,»/,«.7 , «''ft/«//'i 'r/ww/w/rfw. >,„/'/ W. ORMOND. The person here presented to us under that designation could have hcen no other than Thomas Boleyn, father of the unfortunate Anne, and son to Sir William Boleyn, of Blickling in Norfolk, Knight of the Bath, by Margaret, daughter and coheir of Thomas Butler, the last Earl of Ormond of his line. Lloyd, in his State Worthies, and some other florid biographical writers, have spoken highly of his qualifications, and of the confidence in which he was held by Henry the Eighth. It is true that he was employed in several foreign negotiations, but it is equally true that he generally acted in them in a subordinate character : history is nearly silent on the subject of his personal merits, and he never held any office of state but that of Lord Privy Seal, to which he was appointed a little before his daughter's marriage to the King. We first hear of him, transiently, in 1497 "• he then attended his father in the expedition against the Cornish insurgents, and gained some reputation in the field ; but it was not till the beginning of the next reign that he became conspicuous at Court, when he was appointed a Knight of the King's body; and in 1511 obtained the office of Governor of the Castle of Norwich jointly with Sir Henry Wyat. In the following year he was sent Ambassador to the Emperor Maximilian, in conjunc- tion, as it should seem, with Sir Robert Wingfield ; in 1515 became sole Governor of Norwich Castle ; and in 1519, being then the English Minister in France, made the arrangements on the part of his master for the famous interview of the Champ de Drap d' Or. In 1521 he was again despatched to the Imperial Court, in company, says Lord Herbert, with the Lord (I suppose, Lord Prior) of St. John's, and assisted in concluding a treaty with Charles the Fifth against the French King ; and went from thence to Spain, with Richard Sampson, a civilian, where he remained the whole of the following year, in the character of joint Ambassador Resident. He was raised to the Peerage in 1525, by the title of Viscount Rochford ; and in 1527 was sent, with others, to invest the King of France with the Order of the Garter. On the eighth of December, 1529, the Earldoms of Wiltshire and Ormond were conferred on him, and the latter entailed on his heirs general ; a circumstance worth mentioning here, because it tends to account for the inscription of that title only on his portrait. His only son, the Viscount Rochford, having been put to death as an accomplice in the alleged guilt of his sister Queen Anne, it is not improbable that the Earl after that event might have used the title of Ormond, which was to descend to his surviving daughter, in preference to that of Wiltshire, which, being limited to heirs male, would become extinct at his death. This nobleman married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and died in 1538, leaving one daughter, Mary, wife of William Carey, Esquire of the Body to the King, and ancestor of the extinct Lords Hunsdon. Jlolbein £octfuet . LIS WAJESTYS COLLECTION J., 'iii/vii .PuiUshed by ■/<. 'ham&er&suh&Jan l/ff.t WILLIAM PAR, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON, Was the only son of Sir Thomas Par, a well-known courtier of his time, by Maud, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas Greene, of Greene's Norton, in Northampton- shire, Knight. He was brought young to the Court, where he seems to have succeeded his father in the now obsolete office of Esquire of the Body to Henry the Eighth, in 1511. With Henry then about his own age, he ran that course of romantic gallantry and magnificence which distinguished the first years of that Prince's reign, during the whole of which he can hardly be said to have appeared in any public character of consequence, except by his advancement to the peerage in 1539, by the title of Baron Par, and to the Earldom of Essex five years after, upon the marriage of his sister Catherine to the King. To this remarkable alliance he probably owed those future advantages to which his merits might fairly have entitled him; for, though Camden has only said of him that "he was a man well versed in the softer studies of music, amours, and other courtly diversions," yet he seems to have possessed no mean talents, and his character has passed without reproach. Edward the Sixth, who found him Captain of the Pensioners, on the sixteenth of February, 1547, created him Marquess of Northampton ; in the following year appointed him to command the force sent into Norfolk against the insurgents under Ket ; and, in 1551, gave him the dignified office of Great Chamberlain of England for life. He was sent in May, in the same year, on an embassy into France, to treat of the King's proposed marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry the Second ; the only occasion on which we find him, strictly speaking, in political employment. His fidelity to the dying will of his youthful sovereign, with some tincture perhaps of party zeal, founded originally on a personal enmity to the Protector Somerset, clouded his prospects, and even threatened his life, in the following reign. Immediately after the proclamation of Jane Grey's title to the crown, he marched from London with troops to oppose those who had risen in Suffolk on behalf of Queen Mary ; upon whose accession he was committed to the Tower, and on the eighteenth of August following was arraigned before the Duke of Norfolk, as Lord High Steward, and sentenced to death. His execution was respited, how- ever, from time to time, and some months after he received a pardon, and was restored in blood by act of parliament ; but his titles and estates were withheld from him during the remainder of that reign, and he supported with difficulty the character of a private gentleman. Elizabeth reinstated him in both, appointed him of her Privy Council, and gave him the Order of the Garter, soon after she mounted the throne. Advanced in WILLIAM PAR, MARQUESS OF NORTHAMPTON. years, and having unexpectedly recovered those comforts which the close of life most requires, he wisely resolved to apply them accordingly ; and we hear of him after this period only as a Commissioner for the pious work of reforming the Liturgy. He died in 1571, and was buried in the choir of the collegiate church of Warwick. The Marquess of Northampton was thrice married : first, to Anne, daughter and heir of Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, in consequence of which marriage that title was afterwards conferred on him ; secondly, to Elizabeth, daughter of George Lord Cobham ; and thirdly, to Helen, daughter of Wolfang Suavenburgh, a Swedish gentleman ; who after the Marquess's death became the wife of Sir Thomas Gorges, of Longford in Wiltshire, Knight. In consequence of the infidelity of his first wife, he procured an act of parliament within two years after their nuptials to bastardise her issue ; and afterwards, in April 1549, a second act, to strengthen the former, by expressly confirming and legalising his second marriage. Mary's first parliament, however, in the madness and meanness of its vengeance against her enemies, passed an act to re-legitimate the issue of the first match, and to annul the second. This, in its turn, was repealed under Elizabeth ; and the Marquess, leaving no children by his second or third wife, was succeeded in his possessions by Henry Earl of Pembroke, his sister's son. //•//w, -/.///>/./../' //I';;',;-}.;,/ f:„„;;n:r I, ■ /-fl.- .-.n:;/!,,,, ,il.,,,;,Ji .c' f!.R./i//i'-7>li/-:: y 'Sufix. [ $ HIS MAJESTY'S C OLLECTIOI /.;,,/.■> '■■■■■' :•'/.)', '-'',,,/„/.,,/,,/>/, ■/.'.'/:////.,-•/_' THE LADY PARKER. Elizabeth, daughter to Sir Philip Calthorpe, of Calthorpe in Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary, sister to Sir William Say, became the sole heir to the estates of her family, by the death of her only brother without issue, and married Sir Henry Parker, Knight, son and heir to Henry, the first Lord Morley of his house. She had no children by this gentleman, and indeed it is probable that he did not long survive his second nuptials, for he had been before married : be this as it may, it is certain that in 1554 she was wife to Sir William Wodehouse, of Hickling in Norfolk, by whom she had two sons and two daughters : Thomas, William, Elizabeth, and Margaret. Sir William died in 1564, and, within two years after, she took to her third husband Sir Drue Drury, well known as the last and sternest keeper of the unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots. Whether she had children by him is uncertain ; we know only that his heir was a son by a second marriage. This lady lies buried in the church of St. Martin in the Plain, in the city of Norwich, where her monument still remains, and once bore two long inscriptions in Latin prose and verse, which, having been merely painted, and that but on a surface of plaster, are now almost wholly effaced : they are, however, imperfectly given in Blomefield's History of Norfolk, but do not furnish us with the date of her death ; nor is it to be found in the parish register. Htifai JF,T.y''iS IS J E STY'S C OLJLE C T 1 OF. A,,,/,/, Puh/js/ud ii 7 Cliambtrlame It' Jan? '///'// J/,w IN HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION London,. /'///>//, tiled bjJChamberiainet&n IJ8I2 SIR NICHOLAS POINS Was the eldest son of Sir Anthony Poins, or Poyntz, of Iron Acton in Gloucester- shire, Knight, hy Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of William Hudfield, of Devonshire. As we do not find his name in any memorials of his time, we may conclude, to speak in the language of history, that his life was not distinguished by any circumstance worth transmitting to posterity. He married Joan, daughter of Thomas Lord Berkeley, who brought him five sons : Nicholas, Anthony, Francis, John, and William : and two daughters : Jane, wife of John Seymour ; and Anne, married to Sir Thomas Heneage, Treasurer of the Household, and Vice- Chamberlain, to Queen Elizabeth. Sir Nicholas Poins died in 1557. John Poins, or Poyntz, of Essex, whose portrait has already appeared in this work, was descended from a younger branch of this gentleman's house. He was, as we have seen, a follower of the Court ; and, as we may fairly presume, a man of some taste, since the elegant Sir Thomas Wyatt deigned to address two poems to him, which, till very lately, escaped our observation. He probably first employed Holbein, and afterwards recommended the artist to his relations, for we shall find in this collection no fewer than three portraits of gentlemen of this family. 1 mmimtmm'.uiajmiUMMBimHimiimmm turn MHHMwti mawn hum l //■//-/>/ sas«an^ ""/•"• IN HIS M UESTY'S COLLEC < _/,■/.■.■'.■//.■/■■/■-/■//.<■■//. .■'/■/■ '.■;>.,"///■,',-■/■////.■, v,,y/.'/ /,sy ■ SIR NICHOLAS POINS. Sir Nicholas Poins, or Poyntz, of Iron Acton in Gloucestershire, was the son of a gentleman of the same names, whose portrait is to be seen a few pages back in this collection, by Joan, daughter to Thomas Lord Berkeley. He seems to have filled no higher station than that of a mere country gentleman. We can learn of him only that he married first, Anne, daughter of Sir Ralph Verney, of Penley in Bucks, Knight ; and secondly, Margaret, daughter of Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby, relict of Sir John Jermyn, Knight ; and that he had by his first wife an only child, John, who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth, and succeeded to the family estates ; and by his second marriage, three sons : Edward, Hugh, and Robert. lohn JPoim.es His ifei. prVSfer Wssmk w : ■ ■;-■■ ■ ■ 4 S^illil ■■ v i ■"■"„. '■'^'■^£:"/^'*'-'X^':-Ufo-'j, ■; / RC,: f , IS HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION; r,,„l-Hi . J-iiHi sited. It .r iYi.ih ,t;.-I..Hi, /■''./.,,," ISIL JOHN POINS. John Poins, or Poyntz, the person here represented, was the eldest son of William Poyntz, of North Wokendon in Essex, hy Elizabeth, sister of Sir John Shaa, an Alderman, and some time Lord Mayor of London. We find his name in Rymer's Fcedera, in a list of the officers who attended Catherine of Arragon at the magnificent interview of the Kings of England and France, in 1520. He was then a Sewer of the Queen's Chamber, and probably held some higher post in the royal household when this curious sketch of his portrait was made ; which incidentally transmits to posterity, under the wing of Holbein's immortal fame, a name which otherwise would have remained secluded in the libraries of genealogists. He married Anne, sister and heir of Isaac Sibley, of Buckinghamshire, and dying on the sixteenth of June, 1558, without issue, was succeeded by his brother Thomas in the possession of his estates in Essex, which were very considerable in the parishes of North and South Wokendon, Alveley, Upminster, South Weald, Brentwood, Warley, Childerditch, Dunton, East Horndon, Greys Turrock, and Bulvan : mostly derived from an early marriage with an heiress of the ancient family of Bawdin, or Baldwin, of Wokendon. This gentleman's descendants ended in a female, about the year 1600 ; but the elder branch of his house, which sprung from the first marriage of his great- grandfather, continued in Gloucestershire, where the family was seated at a very early period, till the middle of the present century, when its main line concluded in coheiresses : William Poyntz, Esq. of Midgham in Berkshire, however, brother to the present Countess Dowager Spencer, is collaterally descended from this elder branch, and is perhaps the only remaining male of the family. Tke La4y Hatclifo Holbein fiiruc? It. Coo/ier J~c ? IN HIS MAJESTY^ COLLECTION Zon&on , tPiMuhecl Jan? 1. IfllZ . iy J. Chamierlaine. , THE LADY RATCLIFFE. It cannot at present be determined with certainty who was intended to be represented by this portrait. Robert, the first Earl of Sussex of the Ratcliffes, was created a peer in 1526, the very year in which Holbein is said to have come into England. It is possible, but not likely, that the drawing might have been made in the intermediate time between the painter's arrival (if he did arrive previously) and the date of Sir Robert's elevation to the peerage, which gave to his third wife, Mary, daughter of Sir John Arundel, of Llanherne in Cornwall, the new denomination of Lady Fitzwalter. Humphrey, the third son of this nobleman, by his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, was a Knight before the coronation of Edward the Sixth, for he is mentioned as such in the ancient accounts of that ceremony. He married Isabel, daughter of Edmund Harvey, of Elnstow, or Hellenstow, in Bedfordshire ; at which place he settled, and seems to have contented himself with the private character of a country gentleman, for it does not appear that either himself or his wife held any office about the persons of Edward or Mary. This consideration, though not absolutely contradicting the fact, renders it improbable that this Lady Ratcliffe should appear in a collection of court portraits : for so, perhaps, these may not be improperly termed. Sir John Ratcliffe, the half-brother of Sir Humphrey, and only son to the Earl by his third marriage, above mentioned, married Anne, daughter of Thomas Benolt, Clarenceux King of Arms. He died without issue on the ninth of November, 1568, and his lady survived him. This gentleman was in some sort a courtier ; he was made a Knight of the Carpet at the coronation of Edward the Sixth, and is occasionally spoken of as a party in the tournaments, and other royal entertain- ments, of that reign : we have therefore, and therefore only, some reason to conjecture that the portrait is of his lady, rather than of either of the former. Thus much only is certain, that it was intended for one of the three here mentioned. The doubt cannot be removed but by the discovery of the picture after this drawing, which probably remains in the cabinet of some curious person, accompanied by the traditionary account usually preserved of such memorials. lt.C i /' . His Majesty's Collection. .■■ ■,.■ ■ ■■■ RESKIMER. John Reskimer, a private gentleman, who was probably distinguished only by the possession of a very great estate in Cornwall, for we find him in no public office but that of High Sheriff for his county in 1557. He was seated at a place called Murthyn, or Murthyr Uni ; and we are told by Mr. Carew, whose Survey of Cornwall was published in 1602, that " Murthyr, Mr. Reskymer's, was one of the eight parks which remained in the shire" at that time. His father was William Reskimer, fourteenth in descent from the first of the name who settled in Cornwall ; his mother, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Arundel, of Talverne. He married Catherine, daughter of John Trethurff, a gentleman of an ancient family in that county, and had by her three sons : John, who married Grace, daughter of John St. Aubyn, of Clowance, and died without issue ; Richard, whose line was extinguished by the death of his only son ; and William, who thereby became possessed of the family estates, and was twice married : first, to Eleanor, daughter of Henry Spoure, of Trebartha ; and secondly to Alicia, daughter and heir to John Denzil, Serjeant-at-Law. Holbein's picture of Reskimer, after the drawing which is here imitated, is in the royal collection at Hampton Court. : i b L. ('li.viirHor -*«*»•- '■' - - "^smmmsais*,, Ifoltiu JR.Coopt In his Majesty's collection /. v/,/ ■//../'// A //s/z^V A ■ ,/ ( Yi.t/f/farktf'th- Jan. /■ JBfZ . LORD RICH. The only person who has collected any particulars of this nobleman, finding little in his character to challenge a place among State Worthies, has attempted to supply the deficiency by a romantic display of the grandeur of his family. " He must needs be preferred," says Lloyd, " who was so richly descended, and so nobly allied, as to shew at Court, upon his first appearance, sixty noblemen and knights of his relation, and a hundred and fifty thousand pounds a-year revenue among his friends." We often find this writer suppressing unpleasant facts, but here he has advanced a falsehood ; for the truth is, that Sir Richard Rich was the son of a very private person of his own names ; that his mother was a Dingley, of whose family no account can be found ; and that his grandfather was a mercer in London. He studied the law in the Middle Temple, and was appointed Autumn Reader to that Society in 1530. In 1533, he obtained the office of Attorney-General for Wales ; and on the tenth of October in the following year, that of Solicitor-General for the Crown. In 1536, he had a grant of the place of Chirographer in the Court of Common Pleas ; and was soon after constituted Chancellor of the Court of Augmentations. In 1545, he was one of the Commissioners to treat of a peace with France, being at that time Treasurer of the Wars both in France and Scotland. On the thirtieth of November, 1547, the seals of the office of High Chancellor were delivered to him ; and on the seventeenth of February following, he was created Baron Rich, of Lees in Essex. He owed his advancement to Cromwell, and was a stanch supporter of that minister's favourite measures. With little intellect, and less principle, he had either contracted from his patron an habitual zeal for the Reformation, or affected it, to flatter him. He became an important instrument in the accomplishment of that great design ; and blasted his own fame for ever, by an instance of activity in favour of it not less mean than wicked. — While Sir Thomas More was confined in the Tower for denying the King's supremacy, Rich, then Solicitor-General, was sent, under the pretence of a friendly visit, to entrap him by artful questions, and to gather proofs of a venial offence from private and familiar conversation. These, thus procured, were specifically stated in the indictment of that excellent person, and furnished the only material part of the evidence which brought him to the block. Soon after Henry's marriage to Jane Seymour, Rich attached himself to the rising fortunes of that lady's family, and stood among the foremost for preferment on the accession of Edward the Sixth ; in whose government he had already some share, as one of the assistant executors to the will of the deceased King. He was accordingly appointed to succeed Wriothesley in the Chancellorship, to which LORD RICH. was added a grant of Lees Abbey, in Essex, with its great estates. He sat in his high office four years, and lost it in the great change of affairs which attended the fall of the Duke of Somerset, and by a proof of his kindness to that illustrious person. Designing to apprise the Protector of some measure hostile to him, which had been suddenly determined on in council, he hastily directed his letter to " The Duke, " and his servant unwittingly delivered it to the Duke of Norfolk, who was one of Somerset's determined enemies : the Chancellor hereupon hastened to the Court, and having the good fortune to gain the King's ear before the arrival of the news which he dreaded, requested permission to resign the seals ; which being granted, he retired to his estate of Lees, where he employed himself in the foundation of certain charities, and lived in privacy till his death in 1566. Tin* Lady IRirh *mm ; -,.:-■: 1? ^ / '* ^mm3u % , Ear it^~~±jtii£^._ Eolbdru M'li-n: Amir Jk-ili-Iui- IS- HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION l\oiul/m Tubluhal by J.awmbaiauu I. Tan,'. 1812 THE LADY RICH. Elizabeth, daughter and heir to William Jenkes, a grocer of London, was the wife of the nobleman of whom we have just now treated. Of her history, which probably contained nothing worth preserving, we are ignorant. She was the mother of a numerous family, and it will be at least as proper to speak of her children in this place as in the preceding article. Of her three sons, Robert, the eldest, succeeded to his father's title and estates ; and became the ancestor of the extinct Earls of Warwick and Holland of his name : Thomas, and Hugh, the latter of whom was a Knight of the Bath, died before their parents. Her daughters were, Margery, wife to Henry Pigot, of Abingdon in Cambridgeshire ; Agnes, married to Edward Mordaunt, of Thunderley in Essex ; Mary, to Sir Thomas Wroth, of Enfield ; Anne, to Thomas Pigot, of Stratton in Bedfordshire ; Dorothy, to Francis Barley, of Kinton in Herefordshire ; Elizabeth, to Robert Peyton, of Iselham in Kent ; Winefred, first to Henry Dudley, a son of the Duke of Northumberland, and afterwards to Roger Lord North ; Frances, to John Lord Darcy of Chiche ; Audrey, to Robert, son and heir to Sir William Drury, of Halstead in Suffolk ; and Barbara. //, ■//;■/,, W."JV/>//, ■//.<■ IK HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION I v„A>/< .JFUb&sM, by ■/j'/i,w,J;7/Ms„/:'-/"/i>72 THE LADY OF RICHMOND. This sweet portrait represents Mary, only daughter of Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, by his second Duchess, Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. She was married, at a very early age, to Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, a natural son to King Henry the Eighth by the wife of Lord Talboys ; and the style of "the Lady," which was no uncommon designation of a princess at that time, was undoubtedly meant to denote her husband's indirect relation to royalty. Henry Earl of Surrey, her celebrated brother, was the most intimate friend of the young Duke : they had been educated in the same house, and by the same masters, at Windsor, and afterwards travelled together in France, and sojourned for a considerable time in Paris. When they returned to England, the Duke found this young lady, whom he had left a child, in the bloom of her charms ; and his esteem for her brother, perhaps, rendered her yet more amiable in his eyes : he married her, and died very soon after, on the twenty-fourth of July, 1536, having scarcely attained to the age of seventeen. Would that the only remaining circumstance of her story had died with her, and that we might have been left at liberty to fancy the character of so fair a creature as fair as her countenance : but the truth must be told. At the iniquitous trial of her brother, in 1546, this lady was called as a witness, and brought forward a body of evidence against him so keenly pointed, and so full of secrets, which, from their nature, must have been voluntarily disclosed by her, that we cannot but suspect her conduct of a degree of rancour, unpardonable in any case, and in this unnatural. * t € T&U/dn. T.'.u, IN HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION /,.»./.■// VulAislial by J.CIuimbirttiU* /•'■<"' *»/< THE BISHOP OF ROCHESTER. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, was a prelate remarkable for his private virtues, for his learning, and for a zealous discharge of the duties of his pastoral function. At a time when the lower orders of the clergy were distinguished by their ignorance and debauchery, and the higher by a more refined luxury and a turn for political intrigue, this Bishop's conduct displayed the pure simplicity of a primitive Christian and the rigid morality of a Roman stoic : plain, patient, and sincere, humble but courageous, mild though determined, his character has defied that oblivion which commonly obscures the favourers of an exploded cause ; and, in the midst of our proud veneration for the Protestant martyrs of the sixteenth century, we regret that he suffered for the contrary doctrine, and feel that the name of this good Catholic would have been a valuable addition to the glorious catalogue. He was born in 1459, the eldest son of Robert Fisher, a trader of Beverley in Yorkshire ; and in that town received the rudiments of an education which was afterwards completed at Cambridge, where his learning and good conduct procured him so many friends, that he passed through the inferior offices of the University to that of Vice-Chancellor while he was yet a young man. He was drawn from Cambridge by the earnest solicitations of Margaret Countess of Richmond, mother to King Henry the Seventh, to whom he became Confessor ; and it is believed, with good probability, that the celebrated foundations of Christ's and St. John's Colleges by that lady, as well as the two Divinity Professorships which bear her name, were planned by him, and erected at his persuasion. The illustrious rank of his patroness soon made him known at Court ; but we have a memorable testimony from the King's mouth, that his favour there was not procured by her interest — " Indeed," said Henry, when he conferred the see of Rochester on Fisher, " it was the modesty of the man, together with my mother's silence, that spoke in his behalf." How truly that sagacious Prince judged of his character was afterwards proved by his constant refusal of bishopricks more lucrative ; answering usually that his church was his wife, and he would never part with her because she was poor. He was chosen Chancellor of the University of Cambridge immediately after his elevation to the mitre. His passionate attachment to the faith which he professed withdrew him from public affairs for many years of the following reign, and brought him suddenly forward when that faith began to be attacked. He opposed the King's divorce from Queen Catherine, and asserted the Pope's supremacy, with an unexampled boldness. Leaving no stone unturned which might help to support his falling church, he became the patron of a pretended prophetess, Elizabeth Barton, called by her followers the Holy Maid of Kent, whose oracular invectives were levelled against the Reformation. THE BISHOP OF ROCHESTER. If he really believed this woman to be inspired, we must applaud his conduct : if he connived at her imposture, we can scarcely censure the fraud, when we recollect his zeal for the cause which it was intended to serve. Be this as it may, his concern in that strange business was construed into misprision of treason, and he was fined three hundred pounds. When the famous oath which abrogated the Papal authority, under colour of fixing the succession to the issue of Anne Boleyn, was proposed in the House of Peers, Fisher's was the only dissentient voice. Four days after he was cited to appear before the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, and, again refusing the oath, was committed to the Tower. After various arts had been vainly used to induce him to conform, his ruin was determined on : Rich, then Solicitor- General, whose demerits are mentioned elsewhere in this volume, was despatched to sift him privately, and to treasure up in his mind the evidence which was to bring the good Bishop to the block ; for on that evidence he was afterwards convicted. He was used, while a prisoner, with brutal neglect. In a letter to Cromwell, dated from the Tower the twenty-second of December, 1534, he says, " I have neither shirt nor suit, nor yet other clothes that are necessary for me to wear, but that be rent too shamefully : notwithstanding, I could easily suffer that, if they would keep my body warm. But my diet also, God knows how slender it is at many times ; and now, in mine age, my stomach will not away but with a few kinds of meat, which if I want, I decay forthwith, and fall into crazes and diseases of my body," &c. Such was the treatment of a man whom Erasmus calls " Unus cum quo nemo sit con- fer endus, vel integritate vitce, vel eruditione, vel animi magnitudine." He was beheaded on the twenty-second of June, 1535. i /7f?//'/'m J-~l, ;?>/'//> IN MIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION , « TublisM- b) J.Otantbirlain* Jan'.l./S)2. J. RUSSELL, LORD PRIVY SEAL. John Russell, first Earl of Bedford, the founder of that immense fortune, and the first hearer of most of those dignities which still distinguish his posterity, was the eldest son of a private but well-descended country gentleman, James Russell, of Kingston Russell in Dorsetshire, by Alice, daughter and heir of John Wyse, of that county. He owed his introduction at the court of Henry the Seventh to a mere accident ; Philip, Archduke of Austria, say our historians, having been shipwrecked at Weymouth, on his passage from Flanders to Spain, was entertained by Sir Thomas Trenchard, and lived splendidly in his house till the King invited him to Court. It chanced that Sir Thomas sent for his cousin, Mr. Russell, then lately arrived from his travels, to wait on the royal stranger, who was so much pleased with the conversation of his visitor, that he took him in his company to Windsor, recom- mended him strongly to Henry, and thus opened the way to his future fortune. Certain collateral circumstances, however, induce us to believe that the hospitable entertainment of the Archduke in Dorsetshire might more properly be termed an honourable captivity ; that Sir Thomas Trenchard was rather his gaoler than his host ; and that Russell was pitched on to watch him on the way to London, and to deliver his person safely to the King, — a service well calculated to gain the favour of a prince of Henry's character. Whether these conjectures are well or ill founded, it is certain that Mr. Russell made his first appearance at Court on that occasion, and that the King immediately appointed him a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, and distinguished him from his fellows by a more than ordinary degree of kindness. We find him soon after in that remarkable selection of youthful gallantry made by Henry the Eighth, in 1513, to grace his invasion of France, where, in the affair of Therouenne, Russell, with two hundred and fifty men, recovered a remarkable piece of ordnance from ten thousand Frenchmen, under the command of one of their ablest generals ; and afterwards cut off, with singular bravery, a large supply of provisions which the enemy had sent towards that city. He was not less active at the siege of Tournay, and was one of Henry's commissioners for its restoration to the French in 1518. In 1523 he was transferred from the field to the cabinet, sent Ambassador to Rome, and from thence was despatched privately to Charles Duke of Bourbon, to foment the difference then subsisting between that Prince and the King of France. He prevailed on the Duke to declare openly in favour of the alliance between Henry and the Emperor, and was present at most of the warlike enterprises which followed that declaration. In 1525 he fought at the celebrated battle of Pavia ; in 1532 attended Henry at his interview with Francis the First ; J. RUSSELL, LORD PRIVY SEAL. and in 1536 was named, with the Duke of Suffolk and Sir Francis Bryan, to sit in judgment on the Lincolnshire rehels. He was appointed, at his return from that employment, Comptroller of the Household, and towards the end of that year was sworn of the Privy Council. On the twenty-ninth of March, 1538, he was created Baron Russell, of Cheyneys in Bucks ; and in 1540 became enriched, beyond all precedent, by grants of church lands, and was appointed Warden of the Stannaries, and elected a Knight of the Garter. In 1542 he was constituted Lord Admiral, and soon after, Lieutenant of the counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, and Somerset, where his newly acquired estates were chiefly situated. In the following year he was made Lord Privy Seal ; and in 1545 commanded the vanguard of the English army, when the King attacked Boulogne in person. Edward the Sixth created him Earl of Bedford in 1550, and despatched him to Guisnes in the course of that year to negotiate a peace with France, which he accordingly concluded. He did not long survive the accession of Mary. His last public service was in an embassy of ceremony to Philip of Spain, whom he attended in 1554 from Madrid to London, and introduced to that Princess as a bridegroom. He died on the fourteenth of March in the following year, and was buried at Cheyneys, leaving by his wife, Anne, daughter and sole heir to Sir Guy Sapcot, an only child, Francis, who succeeded him in his titles and estates. We know little of the first Earl of Bedford's character. His friends have neglected to transmit to us an account of those merits which could challenge such a vast extent of Court favour. His enemies, too, have been silent as to those faults which their envy of that favour might naturally have led them to record. The detail here given of his services is sufficient to assure us that he possessed no mean abilities, and if the public conduct of such a man has escaped detraction, it necessarily demands our good opinion. Selbim.. eis ma rE: i rs ca >ixecti© London Published, ij ' • '""^>'"'"' ■''"'■'■ ' s/ " FRANCIS RUSSELL, EARL OF BEDFORD. Francis, the son of John Lord Russell and Earl of Bedford, by Anne, daughter and heir of Sir Guy Sapcot, was the second of his family who bore those titles, and a nobleman of most excellent character. He loved his country entirely, and devoted himself to it on the only just principles of public service, — loyalty to his prince, reverence to religion, and submission to the laws. He had talents capable of directing the most important state affairs, but those talents were, in a manner, governed by a noble simplicity of mind, so contrary to the spirit of party and political intrigue, that he always declined accepting the great offices which were repeatedly offered to him ; choosing to serve his prince rather with his person than with his counsel, and preferring obedience, regulated by his own honesty, to that affectation of authority which must occasionally submit to the interests and the caprice of colleagues. The vast wealth which he inherited in his youth from his father, seduced him neither into indolence, debauchery, nor pride. His charity was as pure as his patriotism, and as free from vanity as that from ambition. He seemed to hold his weighty purse but as a trustee for the unfortunate : so extensive were his alms and his hospitality, that Queen Elizabeth used to say, " My Lord of Bedford made all the beggars." To conclude this slight sketch in the concise but comprehensive words of Camden, he was a true follower of religion and virtue. He was born in the year 1528 ; appeared at Court on the accession of Edward the Sixth, at whose coronation he was made a Knight of the Bath ; was among the first who took up arms to support the just claims of Queen Mary to the crown ; and served her with his sword at the famous battle of St. Quintin. When Elizabeth mounted the throne, he was sworn of her Privy Council, and in the following year was sent Ambassador to France ; where he went again in the same character in 1561, to congratulate Charles the Ninth on his succession. In 1563 he was appointed Governor of Berwick and Warden of the East Marches — posts at that time of the greatest importance — and installed a Knight of the Garter; in the next year was employed in a negotiation with Commissioners named by Mary Queen of Scots, for the marriage proposed between that Princess and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester ; and in 1566 was Elizabeth's proxy, as sponsor at the baptism of the infant Prince of Scotland, afterwards our James the First. Nor were the objects of the latter mission confined merely to ceremony, for he had private instructions to confer with the unfortunate Mary on some state matters of great delicacy, particularly with regard to her claim of succession to the crown of England. He conducted himself on this occasion with not less honesty towards that Queen than loyalty to his own ; and returned, loaded with the presents and the thanks of Scotland, to the unimpaired favour of a sovereign equally discerning and jealous. FRANCIS RUSSELL, EARL OF BEDFORD. The only permanent offices in which we find him were those of Warden of the Stannaries, Justice in Eyre of the Forests south of Trent, and Lord Lieutenant of the Counties of Dorset, Devon, and Cornwall. His last public service was to treat of the projected marriage of Elizabeth to the Duke of Anjou. He survived that negotiation four years, and dying on the twenty-eighth of July, 1585, was buried in the parish church of Cheyneys, where a superb monument remains to his memory. He was twice married : first to Margaret, daughter of Sir John St. John ; and secondly, to Bridget, daughter of John Lord Hussey, and widow successively of Sir Richard Morysin and of Henry Earl of Rutland. By his first Countess he had issue four sons, and three daughters : Edward, who died before him ; John, his successor : Sir Francis, who was slain by the Scots ; and Sir William, who distinguished himself as a soldier, and was created Lord Russell of Thornhaugh. The daughters were, Anne, wife of Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick ; Elizabeth, married to William Bourchier, Earl of Bath ; and Margaret, to George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. By his second lady he had no issue. JancScvmour f/ ,,7/1,/, his Majesty's Collecti /:„/„'/■■/„,/ /■, I , ' "/ ' ■ ;. ■■/. I"' ' Jui/'i.-Tj. SIR WILLIAM SHERINGTON. We know but little of this gentleman, and that little is highly unfavourable to his memory : the slight notices remaining of him are to be found in some mutilated proceedings against him by the Privy Council : his dishonesty only has preserved his name from oblivion. He was the eldest son of Thomas Sherington, of Sherington and Cranworth in Norfolk, by Catherine, daughter of William Pirton, of Little Bentley, in Essex. His progenitors had been long seated in the former county, where they possessed considerable estates, which descended to him ; but it appears that he resided at Lacock in Wiltshire, where he had probably acquired a property by marriage. He was appointed to the office of Vice-Treasurer of the Mint at Bristol, under Henry the Eighth ; and in the beginning of the next reign was accused of embezzling the coin, and of other misdemeanours in the execution of his office. Two penitent letters from him to the Duke of Somerset, and some interrogatories, with his answers, are preserved in Haynes's Papers, and fully prove his crime. " I confess all my doings so much nought," said he, " that I deserve no favour ; wherein no traitor is worthy of punishment but only myself. I was untrue in all, and took benefit of all : where- upon I submit myself wholly unto my Lord Protector's Grace, according to his mercy, and not justice ; because the throne of mercy excelleth the bench of justice, whereon his Grace sitteth. Praised be the Lord." He was one of the Admiral Seymour's creatures, and his accusation immediately preceded that of his patron, and was probably accelerated by the determination then taken to impeach the latter. Several of the questions put to him evidently tended to the crimination of the Admiral, on whom he attempted to throw the odium of his own guilt, by insinuating that the money of which he had pillaged the public had been delivered to that ambitious nobleman, for the purpose of raising troops to depose the Protector. The Admiral himself, sensible that his prosecutors expected to discover important matter against him from this man's evidence, said to the Marquess of Northampton, the day before his own commitment to the Tower, "Sherington has been the streightlier handled for my sake." The event of his prosecution is not known : perhaps his testimony against the Admiral purchased a pardon for himself. Sir William Sherington was thrice married : first to Ursula, a natural daughter to John Bourchier, second Lord Berners ; secondly, to Eleanor, daughter of William Walsingham, and sister to the famous Sir Francis ; and, thirdly, to Grace, daughter of a Farington of Devon, and widow to Robert Paget, an Alderman of London. He left no issue by either ; and his brother, Sir Henry, became his heir. UoUaa B.Coopa- In his Majesty's Collection : SIR THOMAS STRANGE, Or Le Strange, by which latter name the family was modernly known, was the only son of Robert Strange, a younger son of the very ancient house of Strange, of Hunstanton in Norfolk, by Margaret, daughter and heir to Thomas Le Strange, of Walton d'Eivile in Warwickshire. He inherited the estates of his family from his uncle, Sir Roger, whose only son died an infant, and who, having been Knight of the Body to Henry the Seventh, probably brought this Thomas to the court, where he was married young to Anne, second daughter of Nicholas, the first Lord Vaux. He had by this lady a very numerous issue — eight sons and four daughters : Nicholas, Richard, William, John, Roger, Henry, Thomas, and William. Of these the eldest, Nicholas, who was knighted in Ireland, was ancestor of Sir Nicholas Le Strange of Hunstanton, who was created a Baronet on the first of June, 1629 ; which title became extinct by the death of his great-grandson, Sir Thomas, without male issue, on the ninth of September, I76O. The daughters were Elizabeth, married to John Cresener, of Morley in Norfolk, Gentleman ; Alice, to Thomas Calthorpe, son of Sir Philip Calthorpe, of Norfolk, Knight ; Anne, to Anthony, brother of Sir Philip Southwell ; and Catherine, to Sir Rowland Clarke, of Tonge in Essex. Thomas Lord Vaux appears to have recommended many subjects to Holbein's pencil, and we probably owe this portrait to that nobleman's connexion with Sir Thomas Strange ; for the latter seems to have retired at an early time of life from all the vanities of the capital, and we find him in no public situation but that of High Sheriff for his county, which office he served in the twenty-fourth of Henry the Eighth. He died on the sixteenth of January, 1545. Sir Roger Le Strange, that voluminous translator and indefatigable pamphleteer in the reigns of Charles and James the Second, was lineally descended from this gentleman. M Souch ^ Jt^JiV -^ " < *y- r ■•?•/ ^r f Ifolh'm Freeman m HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION ZvnJon. JM'//.'/m/ />vJ(y/,m//vr/^mr, Ji/i . ' /J8/X M. SOUCH. More than one Commoner of the name of Zouch, frequently then spelt as above, was living in Holbein's time. It is not possible, therefore, to fix with certainty on the person here presented under the title of Mrs., which is intended by the initial letter. There is very little doubt, however, that she was Joan, the sister of Sir Edward Rogers, Comptroller of the Household to Queen Elizabeth, and wife of Richard Zouch, who died in 1552, son and heir to John Lord Zouch of Haringworth. All particulars of her life and character are unknown. Jlolbew , ■ ■ ■ '■ In his Majesty's Collect Jan. if 7872 THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON. William Fitzwilliam, Earl of Southampton and Knight of the Garter, descended from a very ancient and powerful northern family, was the second of the two sons of Sir Thomas Fitzwilliam, of Aldwarke in Yorkshire, Knight, by Lucy, daughter and coheir of John Neville, Marquess Mountacute. Some short time before the death of his elder brother, who was slain at Flodden Field, he was introduced at the Court of Henry VIIL, who appointed him one of the Esquires for the Body; which office was confirmed to him for life by a patent, dated in 1513. The fashion of that day required that a courtier's education should be finished in a campaign against France : Fitzwilliam accordingly obtained some respectable situation in the fleet which sailed thither in the following year, and received a severe wound in an action near Brest, where, as well as at the siege of Tournay, he gave such proofs of his gallantry and discretion, that Henry at his return conferred the honour of knighthood on him, and made him Vice-admiral, in which character he commanded the squadron which attended the King to Boulogne in 1520. He was soon after sent Ambassador, upon some matters of no great importance, to Paris ; from whence, as Lord Herbert informs us, he returned in 1523, to take the command of a strong fleet destined to protect the English merchant ships in the Channel, as well as to support the Earl of Surrey, General of the Forces at Calais, in concert with whom he made a predatory descent on the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. In the beginning of the following year he was made Admiral of the fleet which was sent to intercept the Duke of Albany, who projected the invasion of Scotland with a French army ; and in 1525 went on a second embassy to France, to receive the Queen Regent's ratification of the treaty lately concluded with England. He is named about this time as Captain of the Castle of Guisnes, and Treasurer of the Royal Household, but the dates of those appointments are not known. The private life of an eminent Englishman of that day affords us but little worthy of note. The gallant Fitzwilliam returned from his embassy probably to become the silent spectator of balls and tournaments, since for ten years after that period we have scarcely any intelligence from history concerning him, except that in 1530 he subscribed the articles against the Cardinal. In 1536, however, he was once more sent to Paris, with the Duke of Norfolk and Doctor Cox, to treat of a league between England and France, which was to have been cemented by the marriage of the Duke of Angouleme, third son to Francis I., with the Princess Elizabeth. In the ensuing year he was constituted Admiral of England, Wales, Ireland, Normandy, Gascony, and Aquitain ; on the eighteenth of October, 1538, obtained the Earldom of South- ampton ; and was soon after appointed Lord Privy Seal. THE EARL OF SOUTHAMPTON. In the autumn of 1543 he commanded the vanguard of the army then sent against Scotland under the Duke of Norfolk, and assisted in the management of a treaty at York, hy which the Scots had vainly hoped to avoid the terrors of Henry's resentment ; hut the negotiation proving abortive, Southampton marched on with his power to Newcastle upon Tyne, where he died after a short illness, having ordered by his will that his body should be interred at Midhurst in Sussex, in a chapel, for the building whereof he allotted five hundred marks. This great Earl married Mabel, daughter of Henry Lord Clifford, and sister to Henry, the first Earl of Cumberland of that family ; by whom having no issue, the daughters of his deceased brother, Margaret, wife of Godfrey Foljambe, and Alice, wife of Sir James Foljambe, Knight, became his heirs. ill 1 Km- lii • v.; .40*" $m I i i ; * i ; 'I n III \ 1 HP ->;-- <»as- li i mi u ■: ■-■■>■ ■- ■ ■ : ■ I li II j $ , i ;, /„■//- ffottAf'/l I , HIS »fl kJESTY*S COLLECTION London PuMJial'ty XCtemburiain*, 7 "" V J-J812 SIR RICHARD SOUTHWELL. Sir Richard Southwell's name frequently occurs in the annals of the end of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth centuries, and yet few circumstances either of his public or private history can he positively ascertained. He was the eldest son of Francis Southwell, Auditor of the Exchequer to King Henry the Eighth, by Dorothy, daughter and coheir of William Tendering, and became heir, by the death of his uncle, Sir Robert, without issue, to very considerable estates in Norfolk, which had been derived from the marriage of his grandfather with a coheir of the ancient family of Wichingham. From the imperfect information which we have of him, it should seem that he merited no better appellation than that of a tool to the statesmen of his time. We find him employed in packing up Sir Thomas More's books and papers, when that great man was committed to the Tower ; and we find him at the trial, when called on by More to falsify the treacherous evidence of Rich, declaring that he did not hear a conversation which passed with loud warmth in his presence, while he was busied in that mean task. We meet with him again at the examination of Henry Earl of Surrey, testifying in general terms that he knew certain things of the Earl which touched his fidelity to the King ; and we lose sight of him suddenly upon the Earl's spirited challenge, to try the truth of his charge in single combat. He was, however, held in some degree of confidence by Henry, for that prince appointed him an assistant executor to his last will. In the two following reigns he is barely mentioned. He lived to a great age, and at the time of his death held the office of Master of the Ordnance to Queen Elizabeth. He took to wife Thomasine, daughter of Sir Roger Darcy, of Danbury, in Essex, and had by her an only child, Elizabeth, who married Sir George Heneage. He is said to have married, secondly, Mary, daughter of Thomas Darcy, likewise of Danbury, by whom he left several children : certain it is that Richard, the eldest son by this Mary Darcy, possessed the family estates, or most of them, in Norfolk ; but it is equally certain that all good authorities deny the marriage of the father and mother. Perhaps some powerful interest was interposed to dispossess the heiress, or to induce her to agree to a partition of the property with her illegitimate brother, — a proceeding not uncommon in these violent days. Holbein's picture of Sir Richard Southwell is in the Grand Duke's gallery at Florence. \ t v ia 1 ' C I I/. ft Holbein delink Ktiighfc/cu/pfisia IF MIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION, £, a, //i,T \ fE 5T I 'S '.'QLTLECTION THOMAS EARL OF SURREY. Thomas Howard, at this time Earl of Surrey, was the eldest son of that celebrated Henry who bore the same title, and fell the last sacrifice to the jealousy and tyranny of Henry the Eighth. His mother was Frances, daughter to John de Vere, Earl of Oxford. He succeeded to the Dukedom of Norfolk in 1557, on the death of his grandfather, Thomas, the third Duke, whose family had been restored in blood in the first year of Queen Mary, and was at that time at the age of twenty-one. He espoused Elizabeth's title to the throne with ardour, and was one of the first objects of her gratitude. She gave him the order of the Garter soon after her accession ; in 1560 made him Commander in Chief of her army in Scotland ; and in the following year appointed him Lieutenant-General in the North. In 1567, Charles the Ninth of France having complimented Elizabeth with the authority to invest two of her great men with the order of St. Michael, she named the Duke of Norfolk for one. In 1568 he was a Commissioner at York, to examine the charges brought by Murray against the Queen of Scots ; and there he entertained the first idea of that unfortunate scheme of an alliance with Mary, which afterwards proved fatal to him. The first overture of this project was then made by Murray, and little encouraged by the Duke, who objected, with some degree of disdain, to a proposal of marriage with a woman under formal accusation, although that woman was a sovereign. In the succeeding year it was reiterated by Leicester, who unworthily possessed the Duke's confidence. The darkness which involved the motives of that subtle nobleman, even in his own day, has in the lapse of time become impenetrable, and it is scarcely possible to surmise with plausibility what end he, who never moved but with the view of serving his own interest, proposed by his conduct in this affair. The concurrent testimony of all historians of that time has assured us, that Leicester pushed the Duke forward with vehemence to make the match ; that when it was nearly accomplished he discovered the whole plan to Elizabeth ; and that he devoted his friend to almost certain ruin, to save himself from probable dis- pleasure. It is somewhat vexatious to be restricted by the narrow limits of this publication from detailing at large the circumstances of so important a part of history, and from offering conjectures on transactions so mysterious ; but we must be content with stating, and slightly stating, mere facts. The Duke was sent to the Tower on the eleventh of October, 1569, charged with a high misdemeanour ; and after a year's imprisonment there, was removed to a milder confinement in his own house. From thence, upon a new discovery that the design of marriage was still cherished. THOMAS EARL OF SURREY. and that money had heen sent into Scotland to Mary's adherents with the Duke's concurrence, he was again removed to the Tower, on the seventh of September, 1571 ; and on the sixteenth of January following was tried and condemned by his peers, on a charge of high treason, obscurely stated in the indictment, and merely hinted in the evidence. For six months Elizabeth hesitated whether to take the life of a nobleman not less beloved by herself than by her people ; but at length gave way to the impulse of those predominant feminine passions, fear and jealousy ; and on the second of June, 1572, the Duke suffered death on the scaffold, with that pious resignation and dignified heroism which bespoke at once the purity and the grandeur of his character. That character has been well sketched, in a few words, by a writer of the last century, who tells us that " his predecessors made more noise, but that he had the greater fame. Their greatness was feared, his goodness was loved. He was heir to his uncle's ingenuity and his father's valour, and from both derived as well the laurel as the coronet." The Duke was thrice married: first, to Mary, daughter and heir of Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel, by whom he had a son, Philip, afterwards Earl of Arundel, and the object even of a severer persecution than that of his father. Secondly, to Margaret, daughter of Thomas Lord Audley, and Lord-Chancellor, who brought him three sons : Thomas, Henry, and William, (the first of whom became ancestor of the Earls of Suffolk, and the latter of the Earls of Carlisle) ; and two daughters : Eliza- beth, who died an infant ; and Margaret, wife of Robert Sackville, Earl of Dorset. His third wife, by whom he had no children, was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Francis Leybourne, of Cunswick in Westmoreland, Knight, and widow of Thomas Lord Dacre of Gillesland. //,■//■„■„ /,;■/;/ \ HIS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION , .' :■.■„■ .■■ ■ v....-.', ■''■',■: ZmV.I&Z THE COUNTESS OF SURREY. Frances, youngest daughter of John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, by Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Edward Trussel, Knight-Banneret, was the wife of the celebrated Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. If there were any thing remarkable in this lady's character or story, it has been totally lost in the cloud of misfortune which, in her time, obscured the splendour of her husband's family. She had by the Earl two sons : Thomas, who on the reverse of his grandfather's attainder became Duke of Norfolk, and was beheaded in 1572 for his attachment to the Queen of Scots ; and Henry, who was created Lord Howard of Marnhill, and Earl of Northampton, and held the office of Lord Privy Seal under James the First, by whom he was highly favoured. Her daughters were Jane, married to Charles Neville, Earl of West- moreland ; Margaret, to Henry Lord Scrope of Bolton ; and Catherine, to Henry Lord Berkeley. BbU'ie/v JMmzji Historical Eru/rcwer to Ms Sicilian, Mz/o-ty& HliEdvDul:,' ofSu/sac IN HIS MA JE STY'S .(TOLLE CTTCON Zo/idony.Fublished h J.Charnberlaatt If 6 Jan/. 1872.. LORD VAUX. Thomas, second Lord Vaux of Harwedon, was eldest son to Nicholas the first Lord, by his second wife Anne, daughter of Thomas Greene, of Green's Norton in Northamptonshire, Esquire. He was fourteen years old at the death of his father, which happened on the fourteenth of May, 1524, only seventeen days after his advancement to the peerage. In 1557, we find this nobleman among the attendants on Wolsey's stately embassy, when that prelate went to treat of a peace between the Emperor Charles V. and the Kings of England and France ; and on the nineteenth of January, 1530, he took his place in Parliament as a Baron. In 1532, he waited on the King in his splendid expedition to Calais and Boulogne, a little before which time he is said to have had the custody of the mild and persecuted Catherine : in the following year he was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of her yet more ill-fated successor, Anne Boleyn. He appears to have held no public office but that of Captain of the Island of Jersey, which he surrendered in 1536. He married Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir to Sir Thomas Cheney, of Irtlingburgh in Northamptonshire, Knight, and had by her two sons : William, who succeeded him, and Nicholas : and two daughters : Anne, married to Reginald Bray, of Stene, in the last-named county ; and Maud, who died unmarried. Lord Vaux died early in the reign of Philip and Mary. Jlolba'n JR.C ooper M Hi s Ma je sty 's C < & lle c ti on , ,, . ■ vblis/u '■'■•' T. Chtanicrlamt. 7f' Jan.'? '781 m * ♦ - #« THE LADY VAUX Was the wife of Thomas, the second Lord Vaux. Her father, Sir Thomas Cheney, of Ditton in Cambridgeshire, and of Irtlingburgh in Northamptonshire, married, first, Elizabeth, daughter to Henry Huddleston, of Irtlingburgh, by whom he had no children. His second wife, Anne, daughter of Sir William Par, Knight, produced in 1505 a daughter, who became his sole heir, — Elizabeth, the lady who is here represented. She added to her husband's possessions the manors of Irtlingburgh, Thenford, Craneford, and Windlingburgh ; which, together with other valuable estates in Northamptonshire, were derived from her father's first marriage. Her four children have already been spoken of in the biographical sketch which accompanies Lord Vaux's portrait. Holbein's picture after this drawing is in the royal collection at Hampton Court. Holbein* Facuts IN IMS MAJESTY'S COLLECTION /.,-i, .I.'ii ■/'«/•//,■/„•,/ by J.Chatnheriairui Jan ? h 1812 WARHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. William Warham, the son of Robert Warham, a gentleman of a good family in Hampshire, was born at Okeley in that county, about the year 145(5. He received his education in Winchester school, and at New College in Oxford, and, through the merit of his learning, especially in the Civil Law, obtained some respectable appointments in that university while yet a young man. He afterwards practised with much reputation and success as an Advocate in the Court of Arches, and soon after his coming to London became well known at Court, and acquired no small degree of favour with Henry the Seventh, who delighted in civilians, and thought them the only men for the management of niceties in state affairs, particularly in those of foreign negotiation. Warham was accordingly sent in 1493, with Sir Edward Poynings, on an embassy to Philip Duke of Burgundy, the protector of Perkin Warbeck, to persuade him to give up that impostor ; and discharged his mission so well, that Henry at his return appointed him Master of the Rolls. He sat in that office for nine years ; a delay of preferment which was amply compensated for by the rapidity with which he afterwards rose to the most exalted situations in Church and State : for on the eleventh of August, 1502, the Great Seal was delivered to him, as Lord Keeper ; within a few weeks after he was installed Bishop of London ; on the first of January following was appointed Lord Chancellor, and in the ensuing March translated to Canterbury : to these high offices was added the dignity of Chancellor of that University which had contributed to qualify him for them, to which he was elected on the twenty-eighth of May, 1506. His royal patron dying not long after the latter period, a new master succeeded ; and presently Wolsey, a new planet, or rather comet, in the sphere of English politics, appeared and soon eclipsed all competitors for favour. The simple and sober character of Warham by no means fitted him for contention with one whose vivacity and ardour in the execution of his schemes were equal to the ambition and subtlety with which they were laid. Wolsey began by infringing on the dignified distinctions of the primacy ; proceeded to deny the Archbishop's ecclesiastical juris- diction in its most important points ; and finally deprived him of it, by procuring from the Pope that famous commission of Legate a latere, which invested himself in a great measure with the government of the Anglican Church, as well in its temporal as spiritual affairs. Thus persecuted, Warham resigned the seals in 1515, and the King delivered them to Wolsey. The Archbishop now retired from all public business, except that of his Church ; and having passed several years in his diocess, in a faithful discharge of the duties of his high calling, and with such carelessness of worldly matters that he left scarcely enough to pay his debts, died there on the twenty-third of August, 1532, and was buried in his cathedral. WARHAM, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. As the character of Archbishop Warham wanted those bold features which history so readily records, it has been but slightly touched on. As a churchman, he seems to have been pious, conscientious, and sincere ; zealous for the persuasion in which he had been bred, and occasionally giving the worst proofs of that zeal in instances of intolerant severity : as a statesman, rather esteemed for experience and honesty than for acuteness : as a judge, laborious in his attention to the business of his court, and pure in his administration of justice : as a man, mild, cheerful, affable, and benevolent. If we may not reckon him with the greatest, he may certainly be esteemed among the best, public men of the age in which he flourished. Holbein's picture, after this drawing, remains in the Archbishop's Palace at Lambeth. Holbein del} Hnq'!l/i/ GMinasi. Historical Engraver mMs Sicilian Majesty . /cH.R.H. the Ditfc of SvfstX- In his Majesty "s Collection Zondon . T'uhlisJied Jan-!'/. 7312, Ity J. Chamber -hzine,. LORD WENTWORTH. Sir Thomas Wentworth, Knight, was the eldest son of Sir Richard Wentworth, of Nettlested in Suffolk, the representative of a younger branch of the very ancient family of Wentworth, of Wentworth Woodhouse in Yorkshire, by Anne, daughter of Sir James Tyrrel, of Gipping in Suffolk. He was summoned to Parliament as a Baron on the second of December, 1530. To what merit he owed that dignity, or his exaltation to the office of Lord Chamberlain in the following reign, we are ignorant, for history furnishes us but with a solitary and insignificant instance of his public conduct. It is merely that he accompanied the Marquess of Northampton in his expedition against the Norfolk insurgents in the second year of Edward VI. Were it, however, the main object of these sheets to communicate genealogical information, the present subject would not be found deficient ; for this nobleman had by his wife Margaret, daughter and heir to Sir Adrian Fortescue, Knight, no fewer than eight sons and as many daughters. Thomas, the eldest, succeeded to his father's title and estates, and was the last Governor of Calais for the English : his brethren were Henry, Richard, Philip, John, Edward, James, and Roger. Of the daughters, Anne, the first-born, was married to John Poley, of Badley in Suffolk ; Cicely and Mary to two gentlemen of that county, Sir Robert Wingfield of Letheringham, and William Cavendish of Grimston ; Elizabeth married first a Mr. Cock, of Littlehall, in the parish of Stanbridge in Essex, and secondly, Leonard Mathew ; Margaret probably died unmarried ; Margery became wife to John Lord Williams of Thame, and afterwards to Sir William Drury ; Jane was married to Henry Cheyne, of the Isle of Sheppey ; and Dorothy, first to Paul Withipole of Essex, and secondly to Sir Martin Frobisher, the famous navigator. Lord Wentworth died on the third of March, 1551, O.S., and was buried soon after, with great pomp, in one of the Chapels of Westminster Abbey, as appears by his funeral certificate; which, among a number of other minute particulars, informs us that Miles Coverdale, soon after Bishop of Exeter, preached the funeral sermon. CHARLES WINGFIELD. Sir Richard Wingfield, Knight of the Garter, a Privy Councillor, Governor of Calais, and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, married Bridget, daughter and heir of Sir John Wiltshire, Knight. Their first-born son, Charles, the inheritor of his father's great property, was doubtless the person here represented, for he was the only man of his family so named in the sixteenth century. It is necessary to be thus particular, because no record of his knighthood is to be found but in the inscription on Holbein's drawing; which, perhaps, ought to be considered merely as a compliment in the true taste of a German painter. Charles Wingfield, then, was seated at Kimbolton Castle in Huntingdonshire, which, with many other very considerable estates forfeited by the last Duke of Buckingham of the Staffords, had been granted by Henry the Eighth to his father, " who built," says Leland, " new fair lodgings and galleries upon the old foundation there." Of his life and character we are quite ignorant. He was probably of that numerous class of opulent gentlemen whose meagre histories, the feats of the chase and the hospitality of the board no longer remembered, are now nowhere to be traced but in the archives of the counties where they resided. He took to wife Jane, sister to Sir Francis Knollys, afterwards a Knight of the Garter, and one of Elizabeth's most confidential servants, and had by her a daughter, Anne, married to a William Smyth ; and one son, Thomas, who married, first, Honora, daughter to Sir Anthony Denny, by whom he had several children ; and secondly, Mary, daughter of Richard Dorrington, of Spaldwick in Huntingdonshire. His estate of Kimbolton was sold in the beginning of the seventeenth century to Henry Montague, afterwards Earl of Manchester, who was thereupon created Baron Montague of Kimbolton, and likewise Viscount Mandeville, in memory of the family which anciently possessed the castle and lordship. It is not easy to account for the singularity of this portrait. It should seem that the artist, having sketched a naked figure, probably from fancy, finished the head to the resemblance of Wingfield, and afterwards hinted the appearance of a light drapery. Tho/WijiH.KuiglH 1 Holbeitv A. Cordon, Iw His Ma jje sty's Cgjluectiom". Ztm/ion ./'. VtUfud /■• J.Cfumik ■■'■linr l"',7n/i°>8!2. SIR THOMAS WYAT. The story of this eminent person, probably one of the principal ornaments of an age unable to discern his merits, or unwilling to record them, has been very imperfectly related. All the particulars which could be collected concerning him have been given to us by a most able hand:— if such endeavours have not been completely successful, how little is to be hoped for here! He was born at Allington Castle in Kent, the ancient seat of his family, in 1503, the only son of Sir Henry Wyat, Knight-Banneret, who was a Privy-Councillor to Henry the Seventh, and his successor, and held under the latter prince the offices of Treasurer of the Chamber and Master of the Royal Jewels. His mother was Anne, daughter of a John Skinner, of Surrey. His education, which certainly began at St. John's College in Cambridge, we are told was continued in the University of Oxford, and may be said to have been finished in the society of that delightful character Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, with whom he travelled abroad, and with whom he " tasted in Italy," says Wood, with an elegance of phrase which seems to have been inspired by the subject of his story, " the sweet and stately measures of the Italian poesy." These, as far as the rude state of our language, and the still ruder taste of the time would allow, he applied to English verse. His poems were printed in London in 1565, and have since been frequently republished, in conjunction with those of his noble friend : but here, as in other points of view, we have but glimpses of him ; for, through the ignorance or carelessness of the original editor, his pieces are so confusedly blended with the Earl's that not many of them can be positively ascertained. His influence with Henry the Eighth was proverbial. Lloyd tells us that " when a man was newly preferred, they said he had been in Sir Thomas Wyat's closet." The elegance of his literary talents, and his taste for those exercises in which his master delighted, first endeared him to that prince, and his acuteness as a statesman fixed that favour on a more solid foundation. The cloud of Henry's displeasure, which generally overwhelmed those on whom it fell, twice lighted on him, and left him unhurt : a noble proof equally of his innocence and his wisdom. His first disgrace was involved in the ruin of the miserable Anne Boleyn ; the second originated in the slander of Bonner and the envy of the Duke of Suffolk, who charged him with having held improper correspondences abroad. This point underwent a judicial investigation, and was tried, as it should seem, with an impartiality uncommon in that reign. His exculpatory speech to his judges and the jury on that occasion is extant, and bespeaks a mind firm, collected, and sagacious, in an uncommon degree. He was employed in several foreign negotiations, particularly at the French and SIR THOMAS WYAT. Spanish courts, and with the Emperor Charles the Fifth, from whose capital he returned to demand an inquiry into the reports against him, and to whom he was sent with new marks of favour after that inquiry had been declined ; for the minister Cromwell is said to have prevented it at that time, and it was not till after that eminent person's death that Wyat was sent to the Tower on the same accu- sation, tried for treason, and acquitted. Many of his despatches remain which were written while he was Ambassador at Brussels, and afford abundant proof of his ability in affairs of state. They may be found among the Harleian Manuscripts. Even the accounts of his death are confused and contradictory. He was taken ill of a fever at Sherbourne, in Dorsetshire : as some say, on his way to Spain ; others, to receive the Imperial Ambassador ; others, as he was conducting the French minister, Montmorency, to the place of his embarkation. He died, however, there in the year 1541, leaving by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Brooke, Lord Cobham, an only child, Thomas, who perished on -the scaffold in the reign of Mary. The Earl of Surrey, describing Sir Thomas Wyat's person in some lines on his death, informs us that he had "a visage stern and mild;" and such, however contradictory those epithets may seem, is certainly the character expressed in this portrait. An original picture of him, which has been frequently copied, is in the possession of Lord Romney. It is nearly a profile, but bears a strong resemblance to Holbein's drawing. 33zzz *f T\rs APNrv ->^> «- x , - ^rw mr*> vr~<: £1 n Ik &7L •&-' r\rS miM, >*saM fc mm >^/"% N/fV^ ■ rj**s ^r\ Nts Wl^eiahhi /^/"> IfefeW H f^pfTfi^n f ■bA n*fc rv\; Wp^SSm^P! pPPSIP -^--/^ BWrm ... 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