Sft'J'tV^J^OTABsi K^T I ARWI^ REGULATIONS 1 i COyFEjteR/^E STATES. 1 :^i»fi^ 1 - PERKINS LIBRARY Dulce Unlversitj Kare Doolcs T THE LIBRARY OF HE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ^ AMY RECtULATMS, ADOPTED FOR THE USE OF THE mi OF IHE COllFEDtRIITt STUTtS, IN ACCOROANCE WITH LATE ACTS OF CONGRESS. REVISED FROM THE ARMY REGULATIONS OF THE OLD U. S^ ARM\ 1857 VeT.U all THAT IS ESSENTIAI. FOR OFFICERS OF THE LINE. — TO WHICH 18 ADDED — All Act for the Esiablisliraent and Organization of the Army of the Con- federate States of America. A^RTICLES OF ^VJ^^, FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ARMY OF THE: (CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA. ATLANTA: GAULDING & WHITAKER, " INTELLLIGENCER " PRINT. 1861. WlC"^' REGULATION S #5 FOR THE ARMY. ARTICLE I. MILITARY DISCIPLINE. 1. All inferiors are required to obey strictly, and to exe- cute with alacrity and good faith, the lawful orders of the superiors appointed over them. 2. Military authority is to be exercised with firmness, but with kindness and justice to inferiors. Punishments shall be strictly conformable to military law. 3. Superiors of every grade are forbid to injure those un- der them by tyrannical or capricious conduct, or by abusive language. ARTICLE 11. RANK AND COMMAND. 4. Bank of officers and non-commissioned officers : 1st. 10th. Cadet. 2d. 11th. Sergeant-Major. 3d. Brigadier-General. 12th. Quartermaster-Sergeant 4th. Colonel. of a Regiment. 5th. Lieutenant-Colonel, loth. Ordinance Sergeant and 6th. Major. Hospital Steward. 7th. Captain. 14th. First SCTgeant. 8th. First Lieutenant. lotli. Sergeant. 9th. Second Lieutenant. 16th. Corporal. And each grade bv date a^-€WiaFi\S^9Sfe^^,cr appointment. 5. When commksiQif^eVi)!^tN^^l|jel?l*^e, the rank is to be decided, betweeii^ebfs o£tlie same'r^^ient or corps, by the order of api|Bint»H\ept^ bet^eeiiv^ffik:*s of different regiments or corps: 1st, by rank in actual service when ap- pointed ; 2cl, by former rank and service in the army or ma- rine corps ; 3d, by lottery amon^^ such as have not been in the military service of the Confederate States. In case of equality of rank, by virtue of a brevet commission, reference is had to commissions not brevet. 6. Officers having brevets, or commissions of a prior date to those of the regiment in which they serve, may take place in courts-martial and on detachments, when composed of different corps, according to the ranks given them in their ]>revets or dates of their former commissions ; but in the regiment, troop, or company to which such officers belong, they shall do duty and take rank both in courts-martial and on detachments which shall be composed only of their own corps, according to the commissions by which they are mus- tered in the said corps. — {Gist. Art. of War.) 7. If, upon marches, guards, or in quarters, different corps of the army shall happen to join, or do duty together, the officer highest in rank of the line of the army, marine corps, or militia, by commission, there on duty or in quarters, shall command the whole, and give orders for what is needful to the service, unless otherwise specially directed b}' the Presi- dent of the Confederate States, according to the nature of the case.— (G2d Art. of War.) 8. An officer not having orders from competent authority, cannot put himself or duty by virtue of his commission alone. 9. Officers serving by conunission from any State of the Confederacy take rank next after officers of the like grade hy commission from the Confederate States. 10. Brevet rank takes effect only in the following cases : 1st, by special assignment of the President in commands composed of diiierent corps ; 2d, on courts-martial or de- tachments composed of different corps. Troops are on de- tachment only when sent out temporarily to perform a special service. 11. In regularly constituted commands, as garrisons, posts, departments; companies, battalions, regiments; corps, brig- ades, divisions, army corps, or the army itself, brevet rank cannot be exercised except by special assignment. 12. The officers of Engineers are not to assume nor to be ordered on any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the special order of the President. 13. An officer of the Pay or Medical Department can not exercise command except in his own department. 14. Officers of the corps of Engineers or Ordinance, or of the Acijutant-Generar?, Inspector-General's, Qiiartermaster- GeneraVs, or Subsistence Department, though eligible to command according to the rank they hold in the army of the Confederate States, and not subject to the orders of a junior ofhcer, shall not assume the command of troops un less put on duty under orders which specially so direct by authority of the President. ARTICLE III. SUCCESSION IN COMMAND OK DUTY. l.j. The functions assigned to any officer in these regula- tions by title of office, devolve on the officer acting in his place, except as specially excepted. 16. {OmiUcd.) 17. An officer who succeeds to any command, or duty, stands in regard to his duties in the same situation as his predecessor. The officer relieved shall turn over to his suc- cessor all orders in force at the time, and all the public pro- perty and funds pertaining to his command or duty, and shall receive therefor duplicate receipts, showing the condi- tion of each article. 18. An officer in a temporary command shall not, except in urgent cases, alter or annul' the standing orders of the regular or permanent commander without authority from the next higher commander. ARTICLE l\ .—{Omitted.) APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF COMMISSIONED OFKICKU«. ARTICLE V. RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS. 24. No officer will be considered out of service on the ten- der of his resignation, until it shall have been duly accepted by the proper authority. 25. Resignations will be forwarded by the commanding officer to the Adjutant-General of the army for decision at the War Department. 26. Resignations tendered under charges, when forward- ed by any commander, will always be accompanied by a copy of the charges ; or, in the absence of written charges, ►— ^ 6 by a report of the case, for the information of the Secretary of War. 27. Before presenting the resignation of any officer, the Adjutant-General will ascertain and report to the War De- partment the state of such officer's accounts of money, as well as of public property, for which he may have been res- ponsible. 28. In time of war, or with an army in the field, resigna- tions shall take effect within thirty days from the date of the order of acceptance. 39. Leaves of absence will not be granted l)y commanding officers to officers on tendering their resignation, unless the rosiguation be unconditional and immediate. ARTICLE VI. EXCHANGE OR TRANSFER OF OFFICERS. 30. The transfer of officers trom one regiment or corps to another will be made only by the War Department, on the mutual application of the parties desiring the exchange. 31. An officer shall not he transferred trom one regiment or corps to another, with prejudice to the rank of any officer of the regiment or corps to which he is transferred. ARTICLE VII. APPOINTMENTS ON THE STAFF. 32. {Omitted.) 33. General officers appoint their own Aides-de-camp. 34. {Omitted.) 35. An officer of a mounted corps shall not be separated from his regiment, except for duty connected with his par- ticular arm. 30. The senior Lieutenant present, holding the appoint- ment of Assistant Commissary of Subsistence, is entitled to perform the duties. ARTICLE VIII. DISTRIBUTION OF THE TROOPS. 37. The military geographical departments will be estab- lished- by the War Department. In time of peace, brigades or divisions will not be formed, nor the statiousof the troops, changed, without authority from the War Department. ARTICLE IX.— {Omitted.} CARE OF FORTIFICATIONS. ARTICLE X.— {Omitted.) CARE OF ARMAMENT OF FORTIFICATIONS;. ARTICLE XL— {Omitted.) ARTILLERY PRACTICE. ARTICLE XIL REGIMENTS. 69. On the organization of a regiment, companies receive- a permanent designation by letters beginning with A, an(l the officers arc assigned to companies ; afterward, company- officers succeed to companies, as promoted to fill vacancies.. Companies take place in the battalion according to the rank of their captains. 70. Captains must serve with their companies. Though subject to the temporary details of service, as for courts-mar- tial, military boards, &c., they shall not be detailed for any duty which may separate them for any considerable time from their companies. 7L The commander of a regiment will appoint the adju- tant from the subalterns of the regiment. He will nominate the regimental quarter-master to the Secretary of War for appointment, if approved. He will appoint the non-commis- sioned staff of the regiment; and, upon the recommendation of the company commanders, the sergeants and corporals of companies. 72. In cases of vacancy, and till a decision can be had from regimental head-quarters, the company commanders may make temporary appointments of non-commissioned officers. 73. Commanders of regiments are enjoined to avail them- selves of every opportunity of instructing both officers and men in the exercise and management of field artillery ; and all commanders ought to encourage useful occupations, and manly exercises, and diversions among their men, and to re- press dissipation and immorality. 74. It is enjoined upon all officers to be cautious in reprov- ing non-commissioned officers in the presence or hearing of privates, lest thetr authority be weakened; and non-commis- sioned officers are not to be sent to the guard-room and mixed with privates during confinement, but be considered as placed in arrest, except in aggrevatcd cases, wlierc escape may be apprehended. 75. Non-commissioned officers may be reduced to the ranks by the sentence of a court-martial, or by order of the commander of the regiment, on the application of the com- l>any commander. If reduced to the ranks by garrison courts, at posts not the head-quarters of the regiment, the <'ompany commander will immediately forward a transcript of the order to the regimental commander. 76. Every non-commissioued officer shall be furnished with a certificate or warrant of liis rank, signed by the col- onel and countersigned by the adjutant. Blank warrants, on parchment, are furnished from the Adjutant-General's office. The first, or orderly sergeant, will be selected by the captain from the sergeants. 77. When it is desired to have bands of music for regi- ments, there will be allowed for each, sixteen privates to act as musicians, in addition to the chief musician authorized by law, provided the total number of privates in the regi- ment, includingthe band, does not exceed the legal standard. 78. The musicians of the band will, for the time being, be dropped from the company muster-roils, but they will be in- .structed as soldiers, and liable to serve in the ranks on any occasion. They will be mustered in a separate squad under the chief musician, with the non-commissicned statf, and be included in the aggregate in all regimental returns. 79. When a regiment occupies several stations, the band will be kept at the head-quarters, provided troops (one or more companies) be serving there. The field music belong- ing to companies not stationed at regimental head-quarters will not be separated from their respective companies. 80. No man, unless he be a carpenter, joiner, carriage- maker, blacksmith, sadler, or harness-maker, will be muster- •ed as an "artificer." 81. Every article, excepting arms and accoutrements be- longing to the regiment) is to be marked with the number and name of the regiment. 82. Such articles as belong to companies are to be marked with the letter of the company, and number and name of the regiment; and such as belong to men, with their indi- vidual numbers, and the letter of the company. 9 83. The books for each regmient sluili be as follows: 1. General Order Book, of three quires of paper, 16 inches by lOi inches, to contain all orders and circulars from general, department, division, or brigade head-quarters, with an index. 2. llegimental Order Book, of three quires of paper, 16 inches ])y 10^ inches, to contain regimental orders, with an index. 3. Tetter Book, of three ciuires of paper, 10 inches by 10^ .inches, to contain the correspondence of the command- ing oflicer on regimental subjects, with an idex. 4. An index of letters rccpiired to be kept on tile, in tlio following form : No. NAME OF WRITER. 1 Captain A. B. . . 2 \ Adjt, Gen. R. J. 8 \ Captain F. G 4 Lieutenant C. D. July 16, 1S4(; Sept. 4,1846 Oct. 11,1846 Nov. 2, 1846 Ajipointm't of Non-Coni. Officers. Recruiting Service , Krror in Company Return. Api)lication for Leave. The date of receipt should be endorsed on all letters. They should be numbered to correspond with the index, and tiled in regular order, for easy reference. 5. Descriptive Book, of live quires of pa]U'r, 10 inches by 10^ inches, to contain a list of the officers of the regi- ment, with tlieir rank, and dates of appointment and promotion; transfer, leaves of absence, and jilaces and dates of birth. To contain, also, the names of all enlist- ed soldiers, entered according to priority of enlistments, giving their description, the dates and periods of their enlistment ; and, under the liead of remarks, the cause of discharge, character, death, desertion, transfer ; in short, every thing relating to their military history. This book to be indexed. One copy of the monthly returns will be filed. rOST BOOKS. 84. The following books will be kept at each post: A Morning Report Book, a Guard Report Book, an Order Book, a Letter Book — each two quires foolscap ; also, copies of the monthly post returns. ARTICLE XIIL COMPANIES. 85. The captains will cause the men of the company to 10 be nuniborcd, m a regular series, including the non-commis- sioned officers, and divided into four squads, each to be put under the charge of a non-commissioned officer. 86. Each subaltern officer will be charged with a squad for the supervision of its order and cleanliness; and captains •will require tlieir lieutenants to assist them in the perform- ance oJ all company duties. 87. As far as practicable, the men of each squad will be quartered together. 88. The utmost attention will be paid by commanders of companies to the cleanliness of their men, as to their persons, clothing, arms, accoutrements and equipments, and also as to their quarters or tents. 81). The name of each soldier will be labeled on his bunk, and his company number will be placed against his arms and accoutrements, 90. The arms will be placed in the arm-racks, the stoppers in the muzzles, the cocks let down, and the bayonets in their scabbords; the accoutrements suspended over the arms, and the sworus hung up b}'- the .belts on pegs. 91. The knapsack of each man will be placed on the lower shelf of his bunk, at its foot, packed with his effects, and ready to be slung ; the great-coat on the same shelf, rolled and strapped ; the coat, folded inside out, and placed under the knapsack; the cap on the second or upper shelf; and*he boots well cleaned. 92. Dirty clothes will be kept in an appropriate part of the knapsack ; no article of any kind to be i)ut under the bedding. 9o. Cooking utensils and table equipage will be cleaned and arranged in closets or recesses; blacking and brushes out of view; the fuel in boxes. 94. Ordinarily the cleaning will be on Saturdaj'S. The chiefs of squads will cause bunks and bedding to be over- hauled ; floors dry-rubbed ; tables and benches scoured; and arms cleaned; accoutrements whitened and'polished; and every thing put in order. 95. Where conveniences for bathing are to be had, 'the men should bathe once a week. The feet to be washed at least twice a week. The hair Icept tiliort, and beard neatly trim- med. 96. Non-commissioned officers, in command of squads will be held more immediately responsible that their men observe what is prescribed above; thatthey wash their hands 11 and face daily ; Hiat they brush or comb their heads; that those who are to go on duty put their arms, accoutrements, dress, &c., in the best order, and that such as have permission to pass the chain of sentuiels are in the dress that may be ordered. 97. Commanders of companies and squads will see that the arms and accoutrements in possession of the men arc always kept in good order, and that proper care be taken in cleaning them. 98. When belts are given to a soldier, the captain will see '" that they are properly fitted to the body; and it is forbid- den to cut any belt without his sanction. 99. Cartridge-boxes and bayonet-scabbords will be polish- ed with blacking; varnish is injurious to the leather, and will not be used. 100. All arms in the hands of the troops, whether browned or bright, will be kept in the state in which they are issued by the Ordnance Department. Arms will not be taken to pieces without permission ot a commissioned officer. Bright barrels will be kept clean and free from rust without pol- ishing them; care should be taken in rubbing not to bruise or bend the barrel. After firing, wash out the bore ; wipe it dry, and then pass a bit of cloth, slightly greased, to the bottom. In these operations, a rod of wood, with a loop in one end is to be used instead of the rammer. The barrel, when not in use, will be closed with a stopper. For exer- cise, each soldier should keep himself provided with a piece of sole leather to fit the cup or countersink of (he hammer. (For care of arms in service, see Ordnance Manual, page 185, &c.) 101. Arms shall not be left loaded in quarters or tents, or when the men are off duty, except by special orders. 102. Ammunition issued will be inspected frequently. Each man will be made to pay for^ the rounds expended without orders, or not in the way of duty, or which may be damaged or lost by his neglect. 103. Ammunition will be frequently exposed to the dry air, or sunned. 104. Special care shall be taken to ascertain that no ball- cartridges are mixed with the blank cartridges issued to the men. 105. All knapsacks are to be painted black. Those for the artillery will be marked in the centre of the cover with the number of the regiment only, in figures of one-and-a-half 12 inch in length, of the character called full-face, with yellow paint. Those for tl-.c infantry will be marked in the same way, in white paint. Those for the ordnance will be \Jiark- ed with two cannon, crossinir; the cannon to be seven-and- a-half inches in length, in yellow paint, to resemble those on the cap. The knapsack straps will be black. 100. The knapsacks will also be marked upon the inner side with the letter of the company and the number of the soldier, on such part as ma}' be readily observed at inspec- tions. 107. Haversacks will be marked upon the flap with the number and name of the regiment, the letter of the company, and number of the soldier, in black letters and figures. And each soldier must, at all times be provided with a haversack and conteen, and will exhibit them at all inspections. It will be worn on the left side on marches, guards, and when paraded tor iletached service — the canteen outside the haversack. 108. The front of the drums will be painted with the arms of the Confederate States, on a blue lield for the infantry, and on a red field for the artillery. The letter of the compa- ny and num1)er of the regiment, under the arms, in a scroll. 109. Officers at their stations, in camp or in garrison, will always wear their proper uniform. 110. Soldiers will wear the prescribed uniform in camp or garrison, and will not be permitted to keep in their pos- session any other clothing. AVheu on fatigue parties, they will wear the proper fatigue dress. 111. In camp or barracks, the company officers must visit the kitchen daily and inspect the kettles, and at all times carefully attend to the messing and economy of their respec- tive companies. The commanding officer of the post or regiment will make frequent inspections of the kitchens and messes. 112. The l)read must be thoroughly baked, and not eaten until it is cold. The souj) must be boiled at least five hours, and the vegetables always cooked sufficiently to be perfectly soft and digestible. 113. Messes will be prepared by private squads, including private musicians, each taking his tour. The greatest care will be observed in washing and scouring the cooking utensils ; those made of brass and copper should be lined with tin. 114. The messes of prisoners will be sent to them by the cooks. 13 115. No persons will be allowed to visit or remain in the kitchen, except such as may come on duty, or be occupied as cooks. 116. Those detailed for duty in the kitchens will also be required to keep the furniture of the mess-room in order. 117. On marches, and in the Held, the only mess furniture of the soldier will be one tin plate, one tin cup, one knife, fork, and spoon, to each man, to be carried by himself on the march. 118. If a soldier be required to assist his first sergeant in the writing of the company, to excuse him from a tour of military duty, the captain will previously obtain the sanc- tion of his own conmiander, if he have one present ; and whether there be a superior present or not, the captain will be responsible that the man so employed docs not miss two successive tours of guard-duty by reason of such employ- ment. 119. Tradesmen may be relieved from ordinary military duty to make, to alter, or to mend soldiers clothing', Arc. Com- pany commanders will fix the rates at which work shall be done, and cause the men, for whose benefit it is done, to pay for it at the next pay day. 120. Each companj^ officer, serving with liis company, may take from it one soldier as waiter, with his consent and the consent of his captain. No other officers shall take a soldier as a waiter. Every soldier so employed shall be so reported and mustered. 121. Soldiers taken as officers' waiters shall be acquainted with their military duty, and at all times be completely arm- ed and clothed, and in every resjiect equipped according to the rules of the service, and have all their necessaries complete and in good order. They are to tall in with their respective companies at all reviews and inspections ; and are liable to such drills as the commanding officer shall judge necessary to fit them for service in the ranks. 122. Non-commissioned officers will, in no case, be per- mitted to act as waiters; nor are they, or private soldiers, not waiters, to be employed in any menial office, or made to per- form any service not military, for the private benefit of any officer or mess of officers. COMPANY BOOKS. 123. The following books are allowed to each company : one descriptive book, one clothing book, one order book, 14 oue morning report book, each one (inirc, sixteen inches by ten. One page of the descriptive book will be appropriated to the list of otticers; two to the non-commissioned officers; two to the register of men transfered ; fonr to the register of men discharged; two to register of deaths; four to register of deserters — the rest to the company description list. L.\ UN DRESS. 124. Four women will be allowed to each comj^any as washer-women, and will recieve one ration per day each. 135. Tlie price of washing soldiers' clothing, by the month or by the piece, will be determined by the Council of Ad- ministration. 126. Debts due the laundress by soldiers, for washing, will be paid, or collected at the pay-table, under the direction of the captain. ARTICLE XIY.— Omitted. ORDINANCE SERGEANTS. ARTICLE XV. TRANSFER OF SOLDIERS. 141. No non-commissioned office or soldier will be trans- ferred from one regiment to another Avithout the authority of the commanding general. 142. The colonel may, upon the application of the cap- tains, transfer a non-commissioned officer or soldier from one company to another of his regiment — with consent of the department commander in case of change of post. 143. When soldiers are authorized to be transferred, the transfer will take place on the first of a month, with a view to the more convenient settlement of their accounts 144. In all cases of transfer, a complete descriptive roll will accompany the soldier transferred, which roll will em- brace an account of his pay, clothing and other allowances; also, all stoppages to be made on account of the government, and debts due the laundress, as well as such other facts as may be necessary to show his character and millitary history. ARTICLE XVI. DECEASED OFFICERS. 145. Whenever an officer dies, or is killed at any military 15 post or station, or in the vicinity of the same, it will be the duty of the commanding officer to report the tact direct to the Adjutant General, with the date, and any other informa- tion proper to be communicated. If an officer die at a dis- tance from a military post^ an}* officer having intelligence of the same, will in like manner communicate it, specifying the day of his decease; a duplicate of the report will be* sent to Department Head-Quarters. 146. Inventories of the effects of deceased officers, required by the 94th Article of War, will be transmitted to the Adju- tant-General. 147. It a legal administrator or family connection be pre- sent, and iake charge of the effects, it will be so stated to the Adjutant-General. ARTICLE XVII. DECEASED SOLDIERS. 148. Inventories of the effects of deceased non-commis- •sioned officers and soldiers, required ])y the 95th Article of War, will be forwarded to the Adjutant-General, by the commander of of the company to which the deceased be- longed, and a duplicate of the same to the colonel of the reg- iment. Final statements of pay, clothing, «&c., will f)esent with the inventories. When a soldier dies at a post or station absent from his company, it will be the duty of his immedi- ate commander to furnish the required inventory, and, at the same time, to forward to the commanding officer of the company to which the soldier belonged, a report of his death, specifying the date, place, and cause ; to what time he was last paid, and the money or other effects in his possession at the time of his decease ; which report w'll be noted on the next muster-roll of the company to which the man belonged. Each inventory Avill be indorsed, " Inventory of the effects of , iate of company ( . .) . . regiment of , who died at , the . . day of 186.." If a legal representative receive the effects, it will be stated in the report. If the soldier leave no effects, the f^ict will be reported. 149. Should the effects of a deceased non-commissioned officer or soldier not be administered upon within a short period after his decease, they shall lya disposed of by a Coun- cil of Administration, under the authority of the command- ing officer of the post, and the proceeds deposited with the Paymaster, to the credit of the Confederate States, until 16 they shall be claimed by the legal representatives of the de- ceased. 150. In all such cases of sales by the Council of Adminis- tration, a statement in detai], or account of the proceeds, duly certified by the Council and Commanding otHcer, ac- companied by the Paymaster's receipt for the proceeds, ^vill be forwarded by the commanding officer to the Adjutant- General. The statement will beindorsed, "Report of the proceeds of the efiects of , late of company (. .> . . regiment of , mIio died at , the . . day of , 18G.." ARTICLE*XVIIL DESERTERS. 151. If a soldier desert from, or a deserter be received at, any post other than the station of the company or detach- ment to which he belonged, he shall be promptly reported by the commanding officer of such post to the commander of his company or detachment. The time of desertion, ap- prehension, and delivery, will be stated. If the man be a recruit, unattaclied, the required report will be made to the Adjutant-General. When a report is received of the appre- hension or surrender of a deserter, at any post other than the station of the company or detachment to wiiich he belonged, the commander of such company or detachment shall im- mediately forward his description and account of clothing to the officer making the report. 153. A reward of thirty dollars will be paid for the appre- hension and delivery of a deserter to an officer of the army, at the most convenient post or recruiting station. Rewards thus paid will be promptl}-^ reported by the disbursing officer to the officer commanding the company in which the deser- ter is mustered, and to the authority competent to order his trial. The reward of thirty dollars \y\]\ include the remu- neration for all expenses incurred for apprehending, securing and delivering a deserter. 15;3. When non-commissioned officers or soldiers are sent in pursuit of a deserter, the expenses necessarily incured will be paid, whether he be apprehended or not, and repor- ted as in case of rewards paid. 154. Deserters shall make good the time lost by desertion^ unless discharged by competent authority. 155. No deserter shall be restored to duty without trial, except by the authority competent to order the trial. 17 156. Rewards and expenses paid for apprehending a de- serter, will be set against his pay, when adjudged by a court- martial, or when he is restored to duty without trial en such condition. 157. In reckoning the time of service, and the pay and allowances of a deserter, he is to be considered in service when delivered up as a deserter to the proper authority. 158. An apprehended deserter, or one who surrenders himself, shall receive no pa}' while waiting trial, and only such clothing as may be actually necessary for him. ARTICLE XIX. DISCnARGES. 150. No enlisted man shall be discharged before the expi- ration of his term of enlistment without authority of the War Department, except by sentence of a general court- martial, or by the commantler of the department or of an army in the held, on certificate ot disability, or on applica- tion of the soldier after twenty years' service. 160. When an enlisted man is to le discharged, his com- pany commander shall furnish him certificates of his ac- count, according to Form 4, Pay Department. 161. Blank discharges on parchment will be furnished from the Adjutant-General's office. No discharge will be made in duplicate, nor any certificate given in lieu of a dis- charge. 163. The cause of discharge will be stated in the body of the discharge, and the space at foot for character cut off, un- less a recommendation is given. 163. When a non-commissioned officer or soldier shall be unfit for the military service in consequence of wounds, dis- ease or infirmity, his captain shall forward to the comman- der of the department or of the army in the field, througli the commander of the regiment or post, a statement of his case, with a certificate of his disability signed by the senior surgeon of the hospital, regiment, or post, according to the form prescribed in the Medical Regulations. 164. If the recommendation for the discharge of the inva- lid be approved, the authority therefor will be indorsed on the ''certificate of disability,'" which will be sent back to be completed and signed by the commanding officer, who will then send the same to the Adjutant-General's office. 165. {Omitted..) 18 166. The date, place, and cause of discharge of a soldier absent from his company will be reported by the comman- der of the post to his company commander. 167. Company commanders are required to keep the blank discharges and certificates carefully in their own custody. ARTICLE XX. TKAVELING ON DUTY. 168. Whenever an officer traveling under orders arrives at his post, he will submit to the commanding oflicer a report, in writing, of the time occupied in the travel, with a copy of the orders under which the journey was performed, and an explanation of any delay in the execution of the orders; which report the commanding officer shall transmit, with his opinion on it, to Department Head-Quarters. If the of- ficer be superior in rank to the commander, the required re- port will be made by the senior himself. 169. Orders detaching an officer for a special duty, imply^ unless otherwise stated, th"at he is thereafter to join his pro- per station. ARTICLE XXL LEAVES OP ABSENCE TO OFFICERS. 170. In no case will leaves of absence be granted, so that a company be left without one of its commiMioncd officers, or that agarrisored post be left without two commissioned of- ficers and competent medical attendance; nor shall leave of absence be granted to an officer during the season of active operations, except on urgent necessity. 171. When not otherwise specified, leaves of absence will be considered as commencing on the day that the officer is relieved from duty at his j>osr. He will report himself monthly, giving his address for the next thirty days, to the commander of his post and of his regiment or corps, and to the Adjutant-General ; and in his first report state the day when his leave of absence commenced ; at the expiration of his leave, he will join his station. 172. In lime of peace, commanding officers may grant leaves of absence, as follows : the commander of a post not to exceed seven days at one time, or in the same month; the commander of a geographical department not to exceed sixty days; the general commanding the army not to exceed four ^- 19 months. Applications for leaves of absence for more than four months, or to officers of engineers, ordnance, or of the general staff, or serving on it (aides-de-camp excepted), for more than thirty days, must be referred to the Adjutant- General for the decision of the Secretary of War. In giving a permission to apply for the extension of a leave of absence, the term of the extension should be stated. 178. The immediate commander of the ofllccr applying for leave of absence, and all intermediate commanders, will indorse their opinion on the application before forwarding it. 174. Tiie commander of a post maj'- take leave of absence, not to exceed seven days at one time, or in the same month, reporting the fact to his next superior. 175. ( Omitted.) 170. No leave of absence exceeding seven days, except on extraordinary occasions, when the circumstances must be particularly stated (and except as provided in the preceding liaragraph'),sliall be granted to any officer until he has joined his regiment or corps, and served therewith at least two j-^ears. 177. (Omiited.) 178. {Omitted.) 179. An application for leave of absence on account of sickness must be accompanied by a certificate of the senior medical officer present, in the foilowing form : , of tlie — regiment of , having applied for a certificate on which to ground an application for leave of absence, I do hereby cer- tify that I have carefully examined this ofhcer, and find that — [Here the nature of the disease or iroimd, or diftnbility in to he fully stated, and the period during tchich. the officer has suffered under its effects.'] — And that, in consequence thereof, he is, in my opinion, unfit for Aniy. I further declare my belief that he will not be able to resume his duties in a less period than . [Here state candidly and explicitly the opiyilon as to ilie period vchich will prohahly elapse before the officer xoill be able to resume his duties. When there is no reason to expect a recov- ery, or when the prospect oj recovery is distant and uncertain , or when a change, of climate is recommended, it must be so suited. Dated at , this — day of . Signature of the Medical Officer. 180. When an officer is prevented by sickness from joining his station, he will transmit certificates, in the above fonn, monthly, to the commanding officer of liis post and re- giment or corps, and to the Adjutant-General : and when he can not procure the certificates of a medical officer of the army, he will substitute his own certificate, on lionor, to his condition, and a full statement of his case. If the officer's certificate is not satisfiictory, and whenever an officer has 20 been absent on account of sickness for one year, he shall be examined by a medical board, and the case specially report- ed to the President. 181. In all reports of absence, or applications for leave of absence on account of sickness, the officer shall state how long he has been absent already on that account, and by whose permission. ARTICLE XXII. rURLOUGHS TO ENLISTED MEN. 183. Furloughs will be granted only by the cammanding officer of tlie post, or the commanding officer of the regi- ment actually quartered with it. Furloughs may be pro- hibited at the discretion of tlie officer in command. 183. Soldiers on furlough shall not take v.'ith them their arms or accoutrements. 184. Form of furlough : To all loJiom it may concern : Tlic bearer hereof, —^ , a Sergeant (coporal, or private, as the case may be) of Captain company — regiment of , aged — years, — feet, — inches liigh, complexion, eyes, hair, and by profession a ; born in the of , and enlisted at , in the of , on the — day of , eighteen hundred and , to serve for the period of , is hereby permitted to go to , in the county of , State of , he having received a Furlough from the — day of , to the — day of , at which period he will rejoin his company or regiment at , or wherever it then may be, or be considered a de- serter. Subsistence has been furnished to said , to the — day of and pay to the — day of , both inclusive. Given under my hand, at , this — day of , 13—. Signature of the officer I giving the farlmigh. J ARTICLE XXIII. COUNCILS OF ADMINISTRATION. 185. The commanding officer of every post shall, at least once in every two months, convene a Pos^ Council of Admin- istration^ to consist of the three regimental or company offi- cers ne.xt in rank to himself; or, if there be but two, then the two next ; if but one, the on-e next ; and if there be none other than himself, then he himself shall act. 186. The junior member will record the proceedings of the Council in a book, and submit the same to the commandin"^ officer. If he disapprove the proceedings, and the Council, 21 after a consideration, adhere to its decision, a copy of the whole shall be sent by the ofRcer commanding to the next higher commander, whose decision shall be linal^ and entered in the Council book, and the whole be published in orders for the information and government of all concerned. 187. The proceedings of Councils of Administration shall be signed by the president and recorder, and the recorder of each meeting, after entering the whole proceedings, together with the final order thereon, shall deposit the book with the commanding officer. In like manner, the approval or ob- jections of the officer ordering the Council will be signed with his own hand. 188. The Post Council shall prescribe the quantity and kind of clothing, small equipments, and soldiers' necessaries, groceries, and all articles which the sutlers may be required to keep on hand ; examine the sutler's books and papers, and fix the tariff of prices of the said goods or commodities ; inspect the sutler's weights and measures ; fix the laundress charges, and make the regulations for the post school. 189. Pursuant to the 30th Article of War, commanding officers reviewing the proceedings of the Council of Admm- istration will scrutinize the tariff of prices proposed by them, and take care that the stores actually furnished by the sut- ler correspond to the quality prescribed. roST FUND. 190. A Post Fund shall be raised at each post by a tax on the sutler, not to exceed 10 cents a month for every officer and soldier of the command, according to the average in each month to be ascertained by the Council, and from the saving on the flour ration, ordinarily 38 per cent., by baking the soldiers' bread at a post bakery: provided, that when want of vegetables or other reasons make it necessary, the commanding officer may order tlic flour saved, or any part of it, issued to the men, after paying expenses ot baking. 191. The commanding officer shall designate an officer to be post treasurer, who shall heep the account of the fund, subject to the inspection of the Council and commanding officer, and disburse the fund on the warrants of the com- manding officer, drawn in pursuance of specific resolves of the Council. 192. The following are the objects of expenditures of the post fund : 1st, expenses of the bake-house ; 2d, expenses of the soldiers' children at the post school. 193. On the last day of April, August, and December, and when relieved from the duty, the treasurer shall make out liis account with the fund since his last account, and submit it, with his vouchers, to the Council of Administration, to be examined by them, and recorded in the Council book, and then forwarded by the commanding officer to Department Head-Quarters. 194. At each settlement of the treasurer's account, the Council shall distribute the unexpended balance of the post fund to the several companies, and other troops, in the ratio of their average force during the period. 105. When a company leaves the post, it shall then receive its distributive share of the accrued fund. 196. Tlie regulations in regard to a post fund, will, as far as practicable, bo applied in Uie field to a regimental fund, to be raised, administered, expended, and distributed in like manner, by the regimental commander, and a regimental council. COMPANY FUND. 197. The distributions from the post or regimental fund, and the savings from the company rations, constitute the Company Fund, to be disbursed by the captain for the bene- fit of the enlisted men of the company, pursuant to resolves of the Company Council, consisting of all the com])any offi- cers present. In case of a tie vote in the Council, the com- mander of the post sliall decide. The Council shall be con- vened once in two months by the captain, and whenever he may think proper. 198. Their proceedings shall be recorded in a book, signed by all the Council, and open at all times to the inspection of the commander of the post. Every four months, and w^lien- ever another officer takes command of the company, and when the company leaves the post, the account of the com- pany fund shall be made up, audited by the Council, recv>rd- cd in the Council book, and submitted, with a duplicate, to the post commander, who shall examine it and forward the duplicate to Department Head- Quarters. 199. The supervision of the company fund, by the post commander herein directed, shall, in the field, devolve on the commander of the regiment. ARTICLE XXlY.-( Omitkd.) CHArLAINS. 28 ARTICLE XXV. SUTLERS, 202. Every military post may have one Sutler, to be :jvppointed by the Secretary of \\'iir on the recommendation of the Council of Administration, approved by the com- manding officer. 203. A Sutler shall hold his office for a term of three years, unless sooner removed; but the commanding offi- cer, may, lor cause, suspend a Sutler's privilege until a deci- sion of tiie War Department is received in the case. 204. In case of vacancy, a temporary appointment may be made by the commanding officer upon the nomination of the Council of Administration. 205. Troops in campaign, on detachment, or on distant service, will be allow^ed Sutlers ; at the rate of one for every regiment, corps, or separate detachment; to be appointed by the commanding officer of such regiment, corps or detach- ment upon the recommendation of the Council of Adminis- tration, subject to the approval of the general or other officer in command. 206. No tax or burden in any shape, other than the autho- rized assessment for the post fund, will be imposed on the Sutler. If there be a spare building, the use of it may be allowed him, he being responsible that it is kept in repair. It there be no such building, he may be allowed to erect one ; but this article gives the Sutler no claim to quarters, transportation for himself or goods, or toany militar}' allow- ance whatever, 207. The tarriff of prices fixed by the Council of Admin- istration shall be exposed in a conspicuous place in the vSutler's store. No difference of prices will be allowed on cash or credit sales. 208. Sutlers are not allowed to keep ardent spirits or oth- <;r intoxicating drinks, under penalty of losing their situa- tions. 209. Sutlers shall not farm out or underlet the business and privileges granted by their appointment. ARTICLE XXVI. MILITARY DISCUSSIONS AND TUBLICATIONS. 210. Deliberations or discussions among any class of mili- tary men, haying the object of conveying praise, or censure, 24 or any mark of approbation toward tlieir superiors or otlicra in the military service, and all publications relative to transactions between officers, of a private or personal nature^ ■vvliether newspaper, pamphlet or hand-bill, are strictly prohibited. ARTICLE XXVII. ARIIEST8 AND CONFI>EMENTS. 211. None but commanding oflic.ers have power to place officers under arrest, except forolfenses expressly designated in the 27th Article of War. 212. Officers are not to be put in arrest for light olTcnses. For these the censure of the commanding officer will, ini most cases, answer the purpose of discipline. 213. An officer in arrest may, at the discretion of his com- manding officer, have larger limits assigned him than hi* tent or quarters, on written application to that etlect. Close confinement is not to be resorted to unless under circum- stances of an aggravated character. 214. In ordinary cases, and where inconvenience to the service would result from it, a medical officer will not be put in arrest until the court-martial for his trial convenes. 215. The arrest of an officer, or confinement of a soldier^ will, as soon as practicable, be notified to his immediate com- mander. 216. All prisoners under guard, without written charges will be released by the officer of the day at guard-mounting, unless orders to the contrary be giveu'by the commanding officer. 217. On a march, companj- ofluicers and non-commissioned officers in arrest will follow in the rear of their respective companies, unless otherwise particularly ordered. 218. Field officers, commissioned and non-commissioned staff officers, under the same circumstances, will follow in the rear of their respective regiments. 219. An officer under arrest will not wear a sword, or visit officially his commanding or other superior officer, unless sent for; and in case of business, he will make known his object in writing. ARTICLE XXVIIL nOUIie OF SERVICE AND ROLL-CALLS. 220. In garrison, reveille will be at 5 o'clock in May, June^ 25 July, and August ; at 6 in March, April, September, and Oc- tober ; and at half-past 6 in November, December, January^ and February; retreat at sunset; the irooi\ surgeon's call, signals lor breakfast and dinner at the hours prescribed by the commanding officer, according to climate and season. In the cavalr3% stable-calls immediately after reveille, and an hour-aud-a-half before retreat; water-calls at the hours directed by the commanding officer. 221. In camp, the commanding officer prescribes the hours of reveille, reports, roll-calls, guard-mounting, meals, stable- calls, issues, fotigues, &c. 222. eiGNALS. 1. To go for fuel — poing stroke and ten-stroke roll. 2. To go for water — two stroke andaflatn. 8. For fatigue part}' — poincers march. ^ 4. Adjutant's caW— first 2)art of the troop. 5. First sergeant's call — one roll and four taps. G. Sergeant's call — one roll and three ting, ofli- cers and troops saluting, drums beating and trumpets sounding. 228. A Gefieral comtna nding-in-c7iief IS io he received — by cavalry, with sabre sprescnted, trumpets sounding the march and all the olhcers saluting, standards dropping;' by infantry with drums beating the march, colors dropping, officers salut- ing, aud arms presented. 229. A 3fajor- General \s to he received — by cavalry, with sabre? presented, trumpets sounding twice the trumpet- tlourish, and oflicers saluting; by infantry, with three ruflles, colors dro]iping. officers saluting, and arms presented. 230. A Brigadier-General is to be recieved — by cavalry, with sabres presented, trumpets sounding once the trumpet- flourish, and officers saluting; by infantry, with two ruffles, colors dropping, oflicers saluting, and arms presented. 231. An Adjutant-General or Inspector-General, if under the rank of a General olflcer, is to be received at a re- view or inspection of the trooj^s under arms— by cavalry, "with sabres presented, officers saluting; by infantry, officers saluting and arms presented. The same honors io be paid to any field-offlcer authorized to review and inspect the troops. When the inspecting olflcer is junior to the officer commanding the parade, no compliments will be])aid: he will be received only with swords drawn aud arms shoul- dered. 232. All guards are to turn out and present ams to General Officers as often as they pass them, except the personal guards of General officers, which turn out only to the Generals whose guards they are, and to officeis of superior rank. 233. To commandersof regiments, garrison or camp, their own guard turn out, and present arms once a day; after which they turn out with shouldered arms. 234. Jo the nieinbcrs of the Cabinet ; to the Chief Justice^ the President of the Conc/ress of the Confederate States; and to Governors, within their respective States, and Territories — the same lionors wdl be paid as to a General commanding-in- chief. 235. Officers of a foreign service may be complimented ^vitll the honors clue to their rank. 236. American and Foreign Envoys or Ministers will be re- ceived with the compliments due to a Major-General. 237. Tlie colors of a regiment passing a guard are to be saluted, the trumpets sounding, and the drums beating a march. 238. When General officers, or persons entitled to salute, pass in the rear of a guard, the officer is only to make his men stand shouldered, and not to face his guard about, or beat his drum. 239. When General officers, or persons entitled to a salute, pass guards while in the act of relieving, both guards are to salute, receiving the word of command from the senior officer of the whole. 240. All guards are to be under arms when armed parties approach their ])osts; and to parties commanded by commis- sioned officers, they are to present their arms, drums beating a maich, and officers saluting. 241. No compliments by guards or sentinels will be paid between retreat 'dn(\. reveille, except as prescribed for ^rand rounds. 243. All guards and sentinels are to pay the same compli- ments to 'he officers of thenavy, marines, and militia, in the service of the Confederate Slates as are directed to be paid to the officers of the arm}-^, according to their relative ranks. 243. It is equally the duty of non commissioned officers and'soldiers at all ti/n-i's and in all situations, to pay the pro- per compliments to offlc ^rs of the navy and mariiies, and to officers of other regiments, when in uniform, as to officers of their own particular regiments and corps. 244. Courtesy among military men is indispensable to dis- cipline. Respect to superiors will not be confined to obedi- ence on duty, but will be extended to all occasions. It is always the duty of the inferior to accost or to offer first the customary salutation, and of the superior to return such com- plimentary notice. 245. Sergeants, with swords drawn, will salute by bringing them to a present — with muskets, by bringing the left hand across the body, so as to strike the musket near the right shoulder. Corporals out of the ranks, and privates not sen- tries, will carry their muskets at a shoulder as sergeants, and salute in like manner. 246. Whea a soldier without arms, or with side-arms only, 28 meets an ofliccr, lie is to niise his hand lo the the right side of the visor of his cap, i)ahii to the front, elbow raised as high as the shoulder, looking at the same time in a respect- ful and soldierlike manner at the officer, who will return the compliment thus offered. 247. A non-commissioned officer or soldier being seated, and without particular occupation, will rise on the approach of an officer, and make the customary salutation. It stand- ing, he will turn toward the officer for the same purpose. If the parties remain in the same place, or on the same ground such compliments need not be repeated. SALUTES. 248. The national salute is determined by tlie number of States composing the Confederacy, at the rate of one gun for each State. 249. The Fresident of tlce Confederate States alone is to re- ceive a salute ot twenty-one guns. 250. The Vice-President is to receive a salute of seventeen guns. 251. The Heads of the great Executive Departments of the National Government ; the General commanding the army ; the Governors of States and Territories^ witliin their respect ive jurisdictions, fifteen guns. 252. A Major- General, thirteen guns. 253. A Brigadier-General, eleven guns. 254. Foreign ships of war will be saluted in return for a similar compliment, gun for gun, on notice being officially received of such intention. If there be several posts in sight of, or within si.\' miles of each other, the principal only shall reciprocate compliments with ships passing. 255. Officers of the Navy will be saluted according to rela- tive rank. 250. Foreign Officers invited to visit a fort or post, may be saluted according to their relative rank. 257. Envoys and Ministers of the Confederate Slates and foreign powers, are to be saluted with thirteen guns. 258. A General officer will be saluted but once in a year at each post, and only when notice of his intention to visit the post has been given. 259. Salutes to individuals are to be fired on their arrival only. 2C0. {Omitted.) 29 KSCORTS OF IIONOK. 261. Escorts of honor may be composed of cavalry or in- fantry, or both, according to circumstances. Tliey are guards of honor for the purpose of receiving and escorting person- ages of high rank, civil or military. The troops for this purpose will be selected for their soldierly appearance and superior discipline. 263. The escort will be drawn up in line, the centre oppo- site to the place where the personage presents himself, with an interval between the wings to receive him and his retinue. On liis appearance, he will be received with the honors due to his rank. When he has taken his place in the line, the whole will be wheeled into platoons or companies, as the case may be, and take up the march. The same ceremony will be observed, and the same honors paid, on his leaving the escort. 2Go. When the position of the escort is at a considerable distance from the point where he is expected to be received, as, for instance, where a court-yard or wharf intervenes, a double line of sentinels will be' posted from that point to the escort, facing inward, and the sentinels will successively sa- lute as he passes. 264. An officer will be appointed to attend him, to bear such communications as he may have to make to the com- mander of the escort. FUNERAL HONORS. 265. On the receipt of official intelligence of the death of the President of the Confederate States, at any post or camp, the commanding officer shall, on the following day, cause a gun to be tired every half liour, beginning at sunrise, and ending at sunset. When posts are contiguous, the firing will take place at the post only commanded by the superior of- ficer. 266. On the day of interment of a General coin manding-in- clmf a gun will be fired at every half hour, until the proces- sion moves, beginning at sunrise. 267. The funeral escort of a General connnanding-in-chief shall consist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cav- alry, and six pieces of artillery. 268. That of a Major-General, a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and four piceces of artillery. 269. That of a Brigadier-General, a regiment of infantry, 30 one company of cavalry, and two pieces ol artillery. 270. That of a Colonel, a regiment. 271. That of a IJeutciuint-Coloiiel^ six companies. 272. That of a Majoi\ four companies. 27;]. That of a Captain^ one company. 274. Tliat of a Subalieni, half a comj)any. 275. The funeral escort siiall always be commanded by an olTicor of the same rank with the deceased ; or, if nonesuch be present, by one of the ne.\t inferior grade. 270. The faneral escort of a non-commi.ssioned staff offi- cer shall consist of si.vtecn rank and lile, commanded b}' a serireant. 277. That of a Sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, com- manded by a Ser^'cant. 278. That of a Corporal, of twelve rank and lile, com- manded by a Corporal; and, 279. That of a i)rivatc, '^f eight rank and file, commanded by a Corporal. 280. The escort will be formed in two ranks, opposite to the quarters or tent of t!ic deceased, with shouldered arms and bayonets unfixed ; the artillery and cavalry on tiie right of the infantry. 281. On the appearance of the corpse, the officer comman- ding the escort will command, Present — Arms ! when the honors due to the deceased will be paid by the drums and trumpets. The music will then play an appro- priate air, and the coffin will then be taken to the right, where it will be halted. The commander will next order, 1. Slioulder — Arms ! 2. By company {or platoonnX left wheel. 8. iVlAiicir. 4. Ilever»e — Arms! 5. Column^ forward. 6. Guide right. 7. March. The arms will be reversed at the order by bringing the firelock under the left arm, butt to the front, barrel down- ward, left hand sustaining the lock, the right steadying the firelock behind the back ; swords are reversed in a similar manner under the right arm. 282. The column will be marched in slow time to solemn music, and, on reaching the grave, will take a direction so as that the guides shall be next to the grave. When the centre of the column is opposite the grave, the commander will order, 1. Colutnn. 2. Halt! S. Right into line, ipJieel. 4. March! 31 The cofSn is then brought along the front, to the opposite side of the grave, and the commander then orders, 1. Shoulder — Arms! 2. Present — Arms! And when the coffin reaches the grave, he adds, j 1. Shoulder — Arms! 2. Best on — Arms! The rest on arms is done by placing the mnzzla on the left foot, both hands on the butt, the head on the hands or bowed, right knee bent. 283. After tlie funeral service is performed, and the coffin is lowered into the grave, the commander will order, 1. Attention/ 2. Shoulder— Aii^is ! 3. Load at will 4. Load ! AVhen three ronnds of small arms will be fired by the es- cort, taking care to elevate the pieces. 284. This being done, the commander will order, 1. By eompany {or platoons), right icheel. 2. March ! 3. Col- umn, forward. 4. Guide left. 5. Qaiek — March! The music will not begin to play until the escort is clear of the inclosure. 285. When the distance to the place of interment is con- siderable, the escort may march in common time and in col- umn of route, after leaving the camp or garrison, and till it approaches the burial grovmd. 28G. The pall-bearer>:, six in number, will be selected from the grade of the deceased, or from the grade or grades next above or below it. 287. At the funeral of an officer, as many in commission of the army, division, brigade, or regmient, according to the rank of the deceased, as can conveniently be spared from other duties, will join in procession, in uniform and with side arms. The funeral of a non-commissioned officer or private will be attended, in like manner, by the non-commissioned officers or privates of the regiment or company, according to the rank of the deceased, with side-arms only. 288. Persons joining in the procession follow the coffin in the inverse order of their rank. 289. The usual badge of military mourning is a piece of black crape around the lefl arm, above the elbow, and also upon the sword hilt ; and will be worn when in full or in undress. 290. As family mourning, crape will be worn by officers (when in uniform) only around the left arm. 291. The drums of a funeral escort will be covered with ^2 black crapo, or thin black serge. 292. Funeral honors will be paid to deceased officers, with- out military rank, according their assimilated grades. ARTICLE XXX. INSPECTIONS OF THE TUOOrS. 293. The inspection of troops, as a division, regiment, or other body composing a garrison or command, not less than a company, will generally be preceded by a review. 294. There will be certain periodical inspections, to wit: 1. The commanders of regiments and posts will make an inspection of their commands on the last day of every month. 2. Captains will inspect their companies every Sunday morn- ing. No soldier will be excused from Sunday inspection except the guard, the sick, and the necessary attendants in the hospital. 3. Medical officers having charge of hospitals will also make a thorough inspection of them every Sunday morning. 4. Inspection when troops are mustered for payment. 295. Besides these inspections, frequent visits will be made by the commanding officer, company and medical officers, during the month, to the men's quarters, the hospital guard- house, &c. FORM OF INSPECTION. 29C. The present example embraces a battalion of in- fantry. The inspecting officer and the field and staff officers will be on foot. 297. The battalion being in the order of battle, the Colonel will cause it to break into open column of companies, right in front. lie will next order the ranks to be opened, when the color-rank and color-guard, under the direction of the Adjutant, will take post ten paces in front, and the band ten paces in rear of thecoluniQ. 298. The Colonel, seeing the ranks aligned, will command, 1. Officers and Sergeants, to the front of your companies. 2. lilARCII. The officers will form themselves in one rank, eight paces, and the non-con.missioned oflicers in one rank, six paces in advance, along the whole fronts of their respective compa- nies, from rigiit to left, in the order of seniority ; the pioneers 33 and music of each company, in one rank, two paces behind the non-commissioned officers. 299. The Colonel will next command, Field and staff to the front— Mauch ! The commissioned officers thus designated will form them- selves in one rank, on a line equal to tne front of the column, six paces in front of the colors, from right to left, in the or- der of seniority; and the non commissioned staff, in a simi- lar manner, two paces in rear of the ])receding rank. The Colonel, seeing the movement executed, will take post on the right of the Lieutenant-Conlonel, and wait the approach of the inspecting officer. But such of the field officers as may be superior in rank to the Inspector will not take post in front of the battalion. J500. The Inspector will commence in front. After inspect- ing the dress and general appearance of the field and com- sioucd staff under arms, the Inspector, accompanied by these officers, will pass down the open column, looking at every rank in front and rear. 301. Tiie Colonel will now commai^d, 1. Order arms. 2. Rest ! AVhen the inspector will proceed to make a minute inspec- tion of the several ranks or divisions, in succession, com- mencing in front. 302. As the Inspector approaches the non-commissioned staff, color-rank, the color-guard, and the band, the Adjutant will give the necessary orders for the inspection of arms, boxes, and knapsacks. Tlie colors will be planted firm in the ground, to enable the color-bearers to display the contents of their knapsacks. The non commissioned staff mv\y be dismsscd as soon as int^pected ; but the color-rank and color- guard will remain until the colors are to be escorted to the place from which they were taken. 303. As the Inspector successively approaches the com- panies, the Captain will ccmimand, 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Inspection — Arms! The inspecting officer will then go through the whole com- pany, and minutely inspect the arms, accoutrements, and dress of each soldier. After this is done, the Captain will command. Open — Boxes. When the ammunition and the boxes will be examined. 3 34 304. The Captain will then command, 1. Shoulder — AuMs! 6. To the rear, open order. 2. Cloftc order. 7. March ! 3. March! 8. i'V^mnA— Akout— Face! 4. Order — Arms ! 9. UnsUng — knapsoeks. 5. /Vtof^— Arms ! 10. Opcn—knapsaeks. 305. The Sergeants will face inward at the 2d command and close upon the centre at the 3d, and stack their anus at the 5th command ; at the 6th command they face outward, and resume their position at the 7ih. When the ranks are closed, jireparatory to take arms, the Sergeants will also close upon the centre, and, at the word, take their arms and resume their places. 30G. The kapsacks will be placed at the feet of the men, the flaps from them, with the great-coats on the flaps, and the knapsacks leaning on the great-coats. In this position the Inspector will examine their contents, or so many of them as lie may think necessary, commencing with the non- commissioned eflicers, the men standing at attention. 307. When the Insiwcior has passed through the company, the Captain will command, Jlc-pack— Knapsacks ; when each soldier will re-pack and buckle up his knapsack, leaving it on the ground, the number upward, turned from him, and then stand at rest. 308. The Captain will then command, 1. Attention. 2. Company. 3. Slhig — Knapsacks. At the word ding, each soldier will take his knapsack, hold- ing it by the inner straps, and stand erect; at the lust word he will replace it on his back. The Captain will continue, 4. i^/Vm/i/t— About— Face! 8. Shotikler—Auyi^l 5. Close order. 1). Officers a7id Strgeants, to 6. March! your pods. 7. 7'a/.r— Arms I 10. March ! and will (;ause the'company to file olf to their tents or quarters except the company that is to re-escort the colors, which will await the further orders of the Colonel. 309. In an extensive column, some of the rearmost com- panies may, after the inspection of dress and general ap- pearance, be i)ermitted to Stack arms until just before the Inspector ai)proa(hes them, when they will- be directed to Takeai^is and resume theij position, 35 310. The inspection of the troops being ended, the field and staff will next accompany the Inspector to the hospital, magazine, arsenal, quarters, sutler's shop, guard-house, and such other places as he may think proper to inspect. The Captains and subalterns repair to their companies and sec- tions to await the Inspector. 311. The hospital being at all times an object ot particular interest, it will be critically and minutely inspected. 312. The men will be formed in the company quarters in front of their respective bunks, and on the entrance of the Inspector the word Attention / will be given by the senior nop-commissioned officer present, when the whole will salute with the hand, without uncovering. 313. The Inspector, attended by the company officers, will examine the general arrangement of the interior of the quarters, the bunks, bedding, cooking and table utensils, and such other objects as may present themselves ; and after- wards the exterior. 314. The Adjutant shall exhibit to the Inspector the regi- mental books and papers, including those relating to the transactions of the Council of Administration. The com- pany books and papers will also be exhibited, the whole together, generally at the Adjutants' office, and in the pres- ence of the officers not otherwise particularly engaged. 315. The Inspector will examine critically the books and accounts of the administrative and disbursing officers of the command, and the money and property in their keeping. 316. The inspection of cavalry and artillery will conform to the principles laid down in the foregoing paragraphs, re- gard being had to the system of instruction for those arms of service respectively. ARTICLE XXXI. MUSTERS. 317. The musters will be made by an Inspector-General, if present, otherwise by an officer specially designated by the Commander of the Army, Division, or Department ; and in absence of either an Inspector-General or officer specially designated, the muster wmU be made by the commander of the post. 318. When one inspecting officer can not muster all the troops himself on the day specified, the commanding officer will designate such other competent officers as may be ne- cessary, to assist him. 86 310. All stated musters of the troops slmll be y^receded by a minute and careful inKjxcAion in the prescribed mode; and if the command be more than a company, by a review^ be- fore inspection. 820. The mustering officer havinn^ inspected the compa- nies in succession, beginning on the riglit, returns totlie tirst company to muster it. The company being at ordered arms^ with open ranks, as when inspected, the Captain will, as llie mustering officer approaches, command, 1. Attention! 2. Company! 8. Shoulder — Au>rs! 4. Support— K\\yi^\ The mustering officer will then call over the names on tLe roll, and each man, as his name is called, will distinctly an- swer. Here! and bring his piece to a cdrry and to an order. 321. After each company is mustered, the Captain will order it to be marched to the company parade, and there dismissed to (juarters to await the Inspector's visit. 322. After mustering in the companies, the mustering of- ficer, attended by the company commanders, will visit tlio guard and hospital, to verify the presence of the men re- ported there. 328. The muster and pay rolls will be made on the printed forms furnished from the Adjutant-Generars office, and ac- cording to the directions given on them. On the muster- rolls companies are designated by the name of the Captain, whether jiresent or absent. The pay-roll is left blank, to be filled by the Paymaster. 324. One copy of each muster-roll will be transmitted by the mustering officer to the Adjutaut-GeneraPs oflice ia the War Department within three days after the muster. ARTICLE XXXII. FORMS OF PAUADE. 325. On all parades of ceremony, such as Reviews, Guard- mounting, at Troop or lietreat parades, instead of the word '■'Jicut^'" wiiich allows the men to move or change the position of their bodies, the command will be '' Pakadk— Rest ! " At the last word of this command, the soldier will carry the right foot six inches in the rear of the left heel, the left knee slightly bent, the body upright upon the right leg; the mus- ket resting against the hollow of the right shoulder, the hands crossed in front, the backs of them outward, and the 37 left hand uppermost. At the word "Attention !" the sol- dier will resume tlie correct position at ordered arms. In the positions here indicated, the soldier will remain silent and motionless; and it is particularly enjoined upon all of- ficers to cause the commands above given, on the part of the soldier, to be executed with great briskness and spirit. 326. Oflicers on all duties under arms arc to have their swords drawn, without waiting for any words of command for that purpose. I. DRESS PARADE. 327. There shall be daily one dress parade, at troop or re- treat, as the commanding ofiiccr may direct. 328. A signal will be beat or sounded half-an-hour before iroop or retreat, for the music to assemble on the regimental parade, and each companj- to turn out under arms on its own parade, for roll-call and inspection by its own officers. 329. Ten minutes atter that signal, the AdjutanVs call will be given, when the Captains will march their companies (the band playing) to the regimental parade, where they take their positions in the order of battle. When the line ig formed, the Captain of the first company, on notice from the Adjutant, steps one pace to the Iront, and gives to his com- pany the command, ''Order — Arms ! Parade— Rest !" which is repeated by each Captain in succession to the left. The Adjutant takes post two paces on the right of the line; the Sergeant-major two paces on the left. ^The music will be formed in two ranks on the right of the Adjutant. The se- nior officer present will take the command of the parade, and will take post at a suitable distance in front, apposite the centre, facing the line, 330. When the companies have ordered arms, the Adju- tant will order the music to beat off^ when it will commence on the right, beat in front of the line to the lefr, and back to its place on the right. 331. When the music has ceased, the Adjutant will step two paces to the front, face to the left, and command, 1. Attention/ 2. Battalion. 3. Shoulder — Arms! 4. Prepare to open ranks! 5. To the rear^ open order ! 6. March! At the sixth command, the ranks will be opened according to the system laid down in the Infantry Tactics, the com- missioned officers marching to the front, the company offi- cers four paces, field oflicers six paces, opposite to their po- sitions in the order of battle, where they will halt and dress. The Adjutant, seeing the ranks aligned, will command, 38 Front ! iVHI and march along the front to the centre, face to the rfgW, and pass the line of company oflicers eight or ten paces, "where he will come to the right-about, and command, Present— Ajims\ when arms will be presented, officers saluting. 332. Seeing this executed, lie will face about to the com- manding officer, salute, and report, ''Sir, the parade is farmed. ' The Adjutant will then, on intimation to that ef-_ feet, hike his station three paces on the left of the command- ing officer, one pace retired, passing round his rear. 333. The commanding officer, having acknowledged the salute of the line by touching his hat, will, after the Adju- tant has taken his post, draw his sword, and command, 1. Battalion. 2. Shoulder— An^sif^l and add such exercises as he may think proper, concluding with Order — Arms ! then return his sword, and direct the Adjutant to receive the reports. 334. The Adjutant will now pass round the right of the commanding officer, advance upon the line, halt midway between him and the line of company officers, and com- mand, 1. First Sergeants^ to the front a?id centre. 2. Mahcu ! At the first command, they will shoulder arms as Sergeants, march two paces to the fornt, and face inward. At the se- cond command, they will march to the centre, and halt. The Adjutant will then order, 1. F}'ont— Face. 2. R-])ort. At the last word, eacli in succession, beginning on the right, will salute by bringing the left hand smartly across the breast to the right slioulder, and report the result of the roll- call previously made on the company parade. 335. The Adjutant again commands, 1. First Sergeants, outtrard — Face! 2. To yaur posts. March ! "wbcn tlicy will resume their places, and order arms. The Adjutant will now lace to the commanding officer, salute, report absent orders, and give the result of the First Ser- geants' reports. The commanding officer will next direct 39 tlie orders to be read, when the Adjutant will face about, and announce, Attention to Orders. He will then read the orders. 336. The orders having been read, the Adjutant will face to the commanding officer, salute, and report; when, on an intimation from the commander, he will face again to the line, and announce. Parade is dismused. All the officers will now return their swords, face inward, and close on the Adjutant, he having taken position in their line, the field officers on the flanks. The Adjutant com- mands, 1. Front— Fkc^ ! 2. Forxcard—^l xncn \ when they will march forward, dressing on the centre, the music playing ; and when within six paces of the commander, the Adjutant will give the word. Halt! The officers will then salute the commanding officer by rais- ing the hand to the cap, and there remain until he shall have communicated to them such instructions as he may have to give, or intimates that the ceremony is finished. As the officers disperse, the First Sergeants will close the ranks of their respective companies, and march them to the com- pany parades, where they will be dismissed, the band con- tinuing to play until the companies clear the regimental parades. 337. All field and company officers and men will be pres- ent at dress parades, unless especially excused, or on some duty incompatible with such attendance. 338. A dress parade once a day will not be dispensed with, except on extraordinary and urgent occasions. II. REVIEW OF A BATTALION OF INFANTRY. 339. Preparatory to a review, the Adjutant will cause a camp-color to be placed 80 or 100 paces, or more, according to the length of the line, in front of and opposite to, where the centre of the battalion will rext, where the reyiewing officer is supposed to take his station; and, although he may choose to quit that position, still the color is to be considered as the point to which all the movements and formations are relative. 40 340. The Adjutant will al^^o caus« points to be marked, at suitable (lisliuiccs, lor the whcelin;;s of the divisiv)ns; so that their riirht Ihmks, ir. nKirchiiii^ p:ist, shall only be aljoul four paces IVoni the c:inii)-(.-o!()r, whore it is supposed the review- ing olllccr places hiinselflo receive the salute. 341. The battalion beiui^ fornicd in the order of battle, at shouhhrtd urni!^, the colonel will command. 1. Biltalion, prepare for rcvkic ! 2. 7b the retn\ open order, W. Makch ! At the word Makcii, the field and staff oflicers dismount ; thecompai)}' oflicers and the color-rank advance four paces in front of tne front rank, and place themselves opposite to their respective placet", in the order of battle. The color- guard replace the color-rank. The stiitf oflicers place them- selves, according to rank, three paces on the right of the rank of compan}- oliicers, and one pace from each other ; the music takes i)()sl as at parade. The non-commissioned stafl'take post one i)ace from each other, and three paces oil the right of the front rank of the battalion. 342. When the ranks are aligned, the colonel will com- mand, Fkont ! and place himself eight paces, and the Lieutcnant-C-olonel and Major will place themselves two paces, in front of the rank of company oflicers, and opposite to their respective places, in the order of battle, all facing to the front. 343. VVlien the reviewing ofiicer presents himself before the centre, and is lifiy or sixty paces distawt, the Colonel will face about, and command, I^-ciicnt — AitMS ! and resume his front. The men present arm-;, and the ofli- cers salute, so as to drop their swonls with the last motion of the firelock. The non-commissioned staff salute by bring- ing the sword to a pohie, the hilt resting on the breast, the blade in front of the face, inclining a little outward. The music will pla}', and all the drums beat, according to the rank of the reviewing ofiicer. The colors only salute such persons as, from their rank, and by regulation, (See Article XXIX,) are entitled to that honor. If the reviewing ofiicer be junior in rank to the commandant of the parade, no com- 41 plimeut •will be paid to him, but he will be received with arms carried, aud the officers will not salute as the column passes in review. 344. The reviewing officer having halted, and acknowl- edged the salute of the line by touching or raising his cap or hat, the Colonel will face about and command, Shoulder — Arms ! when the men shoulder their pieces ; the oflicers and non- commissioned stair recover their swords with the last motion, and the Colonel faces to the front. 345. The reviewing officer will then go toward the right, the whole remaining perfectly steady, without paying any further compliment, while he passes along the front of the battalion, and proceeds round the left tlank, and along the rear of the tile-closers, to the right. While the reviewing officer is going round the battalion, the band will play, and v^ill cease when he has returned to the right flank of the troops. 340. When the reviewing officer turns off, to place himself by the camp-color in front, the Colonel will lace to the line and command, 1. Close Order. 2. March! At the first command, the field and company officers will face to the right-about, and at the second command, all per- sons, except the Colonel, will resume their places in the or- der of battle; the field and staff officers mount. 347. The reviewing officer having taken his position near the camp-color, the Colonel will command, 1. Bi/ company, right tcJieel. 2. Quick — March ! 3. Pass in review. 4. (Joluran^forioard. 5. Guide right. 0. March! The battalion, in column of companies, right in front, will then, in common time, and at shouldered arhifi, be put in mo- tion; the Colonel four paces in front of the Captain of the leading company; the Lieutenant-Conlonel on a line with the leading company; the Major on a line with the rear company ; the Adjutant on a line with the second Company ; the Sergeant-Atajor on aline with the company next preced- ing the rear — each six paces from the flank (left) opposite to the reviewing officer; the statt' officers in one rank, according to the order of precedenc}', from the right, four paces in rear of the column ; the music, preceded by the principal musician, six paces before the Colonel: the pioneers, pre- 42 ccdedby a Corporal, four prices before the principal musician and the Quartermaster Sergeant two paces from the side op- pyosile to the guides, an4 in line with the poinccrs. 348. All other officers and non-commissioned ofllccra will march past in the places prescribed for them in the march of an open column. The guidcB and soldiers will keep their heads steady to the front in passing in review. 349. The Color-bearer will remain in theranks while pass- ing and saluting. 350. The mus-ic will begin to play at the command to march, and after passing the reviewing officer, wheel to the left out of the column, and take a position opposite and fac- ing him, and will continue to play until the rear of the col- umn shall have passed him, when it will cease, and follow in the rear of the battalion, unless the battalion is to pass in quick time also, in which case it will keep its position. 351. The oflicers will salute the reviewing officer -when they arrive within six pacesof him, and recover their swords when six paces past him. All officers, in saluting, will cast their eyes toward the reviewing officer. 352. The Colonel, when he has saluted at the head of the battalion, will place himsefnear the reviewing officer, and will remain there until the rear has passed, when he will rejoin the battalion. 353. The colors will salute the reviewing officer, if enti- tled to it, when within six paces of him, and be raised when they have passed by him an equal distance. The drums will beat a march, or ruffle, according to the rank of the re- viewing officer, at tlie same time that the colors salute. 354. When the column has passed the reviewing officer, the Colonel will direct it to the ground it marched from, and command, Quide, Uft, in time for the guides to cover. The column having arrived on its ground, the Colonel will command, 1. Column. 2. Halt ! fonn it in order of battle, and cause the ranks to be opened* as in paragraph 341. The review will terminate by the whole saluling as at the beginning. 355. If, however, instructions have been previously given to march the troops past in quick time also, the Colonel will, instead of changing the guides, halting the column, and wheeling it into line, as above directed, give the command, 43 1. Quick time. 2. Marcii. ■'■- In passinir the reviewing ofTicer again, no salute will be of- fered by cither officers or men. The music will have kept its position opposite tlie reviewing officer, and at the last command will commence playing, and as the column approaches, will place itself in front of, and march off with the column, and continue to play until the battalion is halt- ed on its original ground of formation. The Review will tcrminatt; in the same manner as prescribed above. 356. The Colonel will afterwards cause the troops to per- form such exercises and maneouvres as the reviewing officer may direct. 357. When two or more battalions are to be reviewed, they will be formed in parade f)rder, with the i)roper inter- vals, and will also perform the same movements that are laid down for a single battalion, observing the additional directions that are given for such movments when applied to the line. The Brigadier-General and his staff, on foot, will place themselves opposite the centre of the brigade, the Brigadier General two paces in front of the rank of Colonels, his aid two paces on his right, and one retired; and the other brigade staff officers, those having the rank of field officers, in the rank of Lieutenant-Colonels and Majors; and those below that rank, in the rank of company officers. 358. In passing in review, a Major-General will be four paces in front of the Colonel of the leading battalion of his division; and the Brigadier-General will be on the right of the Colonels of the leading battalions of their brigs,des ; staff officers on the left of their Generals. 359. When the line exceeds two battalions, the reviewing officer may cause them to march past in quick time only. In such cases the mounted officers only will salute. 3G0. A number of companies less than a battalion will be reviewed as a battalion, and a single company as if it were ^vith the battalion. In the latter case, the company may pass in column of platoons. 3G1. If several brigades are to be reviewed together, or in one line, this further diflerence will be observed : the review- ing personage, joined by the General of the division, on the right of his division, will proceed down the line, parallel to its front, and when near the Brigadier-Generals respectively^ will be saluted by their brigades in succession. The music of each, after the prescribed salute, will play while the re- viewing personage is in front, or in rear of it, and only then. 44 302. In niarcliing in review, with several battalions in common lime, Ihc music of each succeeiling battalion will commence to play when the music of the preceding one has ceased, in order to follow ils battalion. When marching ia quick time, the music will be.ffin to play when the rear com- pany of the preceding battalion has passed the reviewing ofTicer. 36.*3. The reviewing officer or personage will acknowledge the salute by raising, or taking oil", his (;ap or hat, when the commander of tlie troops salute liim ; and also when the colors pas.^. llic remainder of the lime occupied by the passage of the troops he will be covered. ;W4. The review of cavalry and artillery will be conducted on similar principles, and according to the system of instruc- tion for those arms of service. III. OUAKD-MOUNTINO. 305. Cam|) and garrison guards will be relieved every twenty-four hours. The guards at outposts will ordinarily be relieved in the same manner ; but this must depend on their distances from camp, or other circumstances, which may sometimes reriuire their continuing on duty several days. In such cases, they must be previously warned to provide themselves accordingly^ 300. At the lirst call for guard-mounting, the men warned for duty turn out on tlieir company parades for inspection by the First Sergeants; and at the second call, repair lo the regi- mental or garrison parade, conducted by the First iSergeanis. Each detachment, as it arrives, will, under the direction of the Adjutant, take post on the left of the one that preceded it, in open order, arms shouldered, and bayonets li.ved; the supernumeraries live paces in the rear ot the men of their respective companies; the First Sergeants in tlie rear of them. The Sergeant-Major will dress the ranks^ count the liles, verify the details, and when the guard is formed, report to the Adjutant, and take post two paces on the left of the front rank. 307. The Adjutant then commands Front, when the ollicer of the guard takes post twelve paces in front of the centre, the Sergeants in one rank, four i)aces in the rear ot the ofliccrs; and the Corporals in one rank, four jnices in the rear of the Sergeants— all facing to the front. The Adjutant then assigns their places in the guard. 308, The Adjutant w ill then command, 45 1. Officers and non-commissioned officers. 2. About^-Face ! 3. Inspect your guards — March! The non-commissioned officers then take their posts. The commander of the guard then commands, 1. Order — Arms ! 2. Inspection — Arms ! and inspects his guard. When tliere is no commissioned officer on the guard, the Adjutant will inspect it. During inspection, the band will |ilay. 369. The inspection cndedj the officer of the guard takes post as though the guard were a company of a battalion, in open order, under review; at the same time, also, the officers of the day will take post in front of the centre of the guard; the old officer of the day three paces on the right of the new officer of the day, one pace retired. 370. The Adjutant will now command, 1. Parade— Rest \ 2. I'roop—Bcat off I when the music, begining on the right, will beat down the line in front of the officer of the guard to the left, and back to its place on the right, where it will cease to play. 371. The Adjutant then commands, 1. Attention! 2. Shoulder — Arms! 3. Close order — March! At the word "close order," the officer will face about; at "march," resume his post in line. The Adjutant then com- mands, Present — Arms ! At which he will face to the new officer of the day, .salute, and report, '"Sir, the guard is formed.''' The new olBcer of the day, after acknowledging the salute, will direct the Adjutant to march the guard in review, or by flank to its post. But if the Adjutantbe senior to the officer of the day, he will report without saluting with the sword then, or when march- ing the guard in review. 372. In review, the guard march past the officer of the day according to the order of review, conducted by the Adju- tant, marching on the left of the first division ; the Sergeant- Major on the left of the last division. 373. When the column has passed the officer of the day, the officer of the guard marclies it to its post, the Adjutant and Sergeant-Major retiring. The music, which has wheel- ed out of Ihe column, and taken post opposite the officer of the day, will cease, and the old officer of the day salute, and give the old or standing orders to the new officer of the day. 46 Tlic supernumeraries, at the same time, will be marched by the Firft Sergeants to their repectivc company parades, and dismissed. 374. In bad weather, oral night, or after fati;];nin.c: marclicp, the ceremony of turning off may be dispensed witli, but not the inspection. 375. Grand guards, and other brigade guards, are organ- ized and mounted on the brigade parade by tlie staff ollicer of tlie parade, under the direction of the fieUl oflicer of the day of the brigade, according to the principles here pre- scribed for the police guard of a regiment. The detail of each regiment is assembled on the regimental parade, veri- fied by the Adjutant, and marched to the brigade parade by the senior oflicer of the detail. Afier inspection and review, the officer of the day directs the several guards to their respective posts. 376. The oflicer of the old guard, having his guard paraded, on the approach of the new guard, commands, Present — Arms ! 377. The new guard will march, in quick time, past tlic old guard, at shouldered arDia, oflicers saluting, and, take post four paces on its right, where, being aligned with it, its com- mander will order. Present — Arms! The two officers will then approach each other, and salute. They will then return to their respective guards, and com- mand, 1. »S'/^oj/Wer— AuMS ! 2. Order — Akmh! 378. The oflicer of the new guard will now direct the de- tail for the advanced guard to be formed and marched to its post, the list of the guard made and divided into three reliefs, experienced soldiers placed over the arms of the guard and at the remote and responsible posts, and the young soldiers in posts near the guard for instruction in their duties, and will himself proceed to take po.ssession of the guard-house or guard-tent, and the articles and prisoners in charge of the guard. 371). During the time of relieving the sentinels and of call- ing in the small posts, the old connnander will give to the new all the information and instructions relating to his psst. 380. The first relief having been designated and ordered two paces to the front, the Coporal of the new guard will take charge of it, and go to relieve the sentinels, accompa- 47 Died by the corporal of the old guard, who will take com- mand of the old sentinels, when the whole are relieved. 381. If the sentinels are numerous, the Sergeants are to be employed, as well as the Coporals, in relieving them. 383. The relief, with arms at a support, in two ranks, will march by a tlank, conducted by the Corporal on the side of the leading front-rank man ; and the men will be numbered allcrnately in the front and rear rank, the man on the right of the front rank being No. 1. Should an offi- cer approach, the Corporal will command carry arms, and resume the support arms when the officer is passed. 383. The sentinels at the guard-house or guard-tent will be the first relieved and left behind ; the others are relieved in succession. 384. When a sentinel sees the relief approaching, he will halt and face to it, with his arms at a shoulder. At six paces, the Corporal will command, 1. Belu'f. 2. Halt! when the relief will halt and carry arms. The Corporal will then add, ''No. 1," or "No. 2," or "No. 3," according to the number of the post, Arms — Port ! The two sentinels will, with arms at 2)ort, then approach each other, when the old sentinel, under the correction of the Corporal, will whis^per the instructions to the new senti- nel. This done, the two scntmels will shoulder arms, and the old sentinel will pass, in quick time, to his place in rear of the relief. The Corporal will then command, 1. Support — Arms! 3. Forward. 3. March! and the relief proceeds in the same manner until the whole are relieved. 385. The detachments and sentinels from the old guard having come in, it will be marched, at shouldered arm^, along the front of the new guard, in quick time, the new guard ^iv^w^mg ^i presented arms ; officers saluting, and the music ot both guards beating, except at the outposts. 386. On arriving at the regimental or garrison parade, the commander of the old guard will send the detachments com- posing it, under charge of the non-commissioned officers, to their respective regiments. Before the men are dismissed, their pieces will be drawn or discharged at a target. On rejoining their companions, the chiefs of squads will exam- ine the arms, etc., of their men, and cause the whole to be put away in good order. 48 'Ml. When the old jcriiaixl has marobcd off fifty paces, the officer of the new ijuard will order his men to stack their anuB, or place ihein in the arm-racks. 38M. The commander of tiie i^uard will then make himself acquainted with all the instruclions for his post, visit the sen- tinels, ana question them and the non-commissioned ollicers relative to the instructions they may have received from other persons of the old guard. ARTICLE XXXIII. GU.VRPS 380. Sentinels will be relieved every two hours, unless the state of the weather, or other causes, should make it neces- sary or proper that it be done at shorter or longer intervals. 390. Each relief, before mounting, is inspected by the com- mander of the guard or of the post. The Corporal reports to him. and presents th^; old relief on its return. 391. The countersign, or watchword, is given to such per- sons as are entitled to pass during the niglit, and to officers, non-commissioned officers, and sentinels of the guard. In- terior guards receive the countersign only when ordered by the comnutnderof the troops. 392. The j^tirole is imparted to such oflScers only as have a right to visit the guards, and make the grand rounds; and to officers commanding guards. 393. As soon as the new guard lias lieen marched off, the officer of the day w ill repair to the office of the command- ing officer and report for orders. 39-1. The officer of the day must sec that the officer of the guard is furnished with the parole and countersign before retreat. 395. The officer of the day visits the guards during the day at such times as he may deem necessary, and makes his rounds at night at least ciice after 12 o'clock. 396. Upon being relieved, the officer of the day will make such remarks in the report of the officer of the guard as circumstances require, and present the same at ]iead-(iuar- ters. 397. Commanders of guards leaving their posts to visit their sentinels, or on other duty, are to mention their inten- tion, and the probable time of their absence, to the next in command. 398. The officers are to remain constantly at their guards, 49 except while visiting their sentinels, or necessarily engaged elsewhere on their proper duty. 399. Neither officers nor soldiers arc to take off their clothing or accoutrements while they are on guard. 400. The officer of the guard must see that the counter- sign is duly communicated to the sentinels a little before twilight. 401. When a fire breaks out, or any alarm is raised in a garrison, all guards are to be immediately under arms. 402. Inexperienced officers are put on guard as supernu- meraries, for the purpose ot instruction. 403. Sentinels will not take orders to allow themselves to be relieved, except by an officer or non-commissioned officer of their guard or party, the officer of the day, or the com- manding officer ; in which case the orders will be immedi- ately notified to the commander of the guard by the officer giving them. 404. Sentinels will report every breach of orders or regu- lations they are instructed to enforce. 405. Sentinels must keep themselves on the alert, observ- ing every thing that takes place within sight and hearing of their post. They will carry their arms habitually at sup- port, or on either shoulder, but will never quit them. In w^et weather, it there be no sentry-box, they will secure arms. 406. No sentinel shall quit his post, or hold conversation not necessary to the proper discharge of his duty. 407. All persons, of Avhatevcr rank in the ser\ice, are re- quired to observe respect toward sentinels. 408. In case of disorder, a sentinel must call out the guard ; and if a fire take place, he must cry — ''Fire P' adding the number of his post. If in either case the danger be great he must discharge his firelock before calling out. 409. It is the duty ot a setinel to repeat all calls made from posts more distant from the main body of the guard than his own, and no sentinel will be posted so distant as not to be heard by the guard, either directly or through other sentinels. 410. Sentinels will present arms to general and field offl cers, to the officer of the day, and to the commanding officer of the post. To all other officers they will carry arms. 411. When a sentinel, in his sentry-box, sees an officer ap- proaching, he will stand at attention^ and as the officer passes 4 will sjihilc liim, by brin.s:inq; the left hand briskly to tho miiskcl. MS lii,/'," '^ Patrol, ^^ or '■''Grand rounds'' lie will reply — " I Lilt ? Adrance, Sergeant, {or Corporal) with the countersign .'" and satisfy himself that the party is what it represents itself to be. If he have no authority to pass persons with the countersign, if the wrong countersign be given, or it the persons have not thecounter- sii^n, he will cause them to stand, and call, '■'Coporal of the Guard r 410. In the daytime, when the sentinel before the gaurd scjs the ofllcer of the day approach, he will ca 1 — " 7\irn out guard ! Officer of the day.''' The guard will be paraded, and the salute with presented arms. 417. When any person approaches a post of the guard at night, the sfMUiucl before the post, after challenging, causes liim to hall until examined by a non-commissioned oflicer of the guard. If it be the oflicor of the day, or any other ofli- cer entitled to inspect the guard and to make the rounds, the non-commissioned oflicer will call — ''Turn out the guard I"" when the guard will be paraded at shouldered arms, and the ofllcer of the guard, if he thinks necessary, may demand the countersign and parole. 51 418. The officer of the day, wishing to make the rounds, will take an escort of a non-commissioned officer and two men. When the rounds are challenged by a sentinel, the Sergeant will answer — "• G rand rounds P'' and the sentinel will reply — ''ILdt, grand rounds ! Advance, Sergeant^ rcith the counUrsign /" Upon which the Sergeant advances and gives the countersign. The sentinel will then cry — ''Advance roundxP' and"stand at a shoulder till they have passed. 419. When the sentinel, before the guard challenges, and is answered — ''■Grand round fi,'' he will reply — ''Halt, grand ronndii ! Turn out t\e guard ; Grand rounds / ' Upon which the guard will be drawn up at shoiidered arms. Tho officer commanding the guard will then order a Sergeant and two men to advance; when within ten paces, the Sergeant chal- lenges. The Sergeant of the grand rounds answers — "Grand rounds P'' The Sergeant of tiie guard repl'cs — " Advance, Ser- geant, with thi' countersign /" The Sergeant of the rounds advances alone, gives the countersign, and returns to his round. The Sergeant of the guard calls to his officer — ''TJie countersign is right P'' on which the officer of the guard calls — '■'Adrancs j'oiind.s P'' The officer of the rounds then ad- vances alone, the guard standing at shouldered arms. The officer of the rounds passes along the front of the guard to the officer, who keeps his post on the right, and gives him the parole. He then examines the guard, orders back his escort, and, taking a new one, proceeds in the same manner to the other guards. 420. All material instruction given to a sentinel on post, by persons entitled to make grand rounds, ought to be piomptly notified to the commander of the guard. 421. Any General officer, or the commander of a post or garrison, may visit the guards of his command, and go the grand rounds, and he received in the same manner as pres- cribed for the officer of the day. ARTICLE XXXIV. ORDERS AND CORRESPONDENCE. 422. The orders of commanders of armies, divisions, brigades, regiments, are denominated orders of such army, division, etc., and are either general or special. Orders are numbered, general and special, in seperate series, each begin- ning with the year. 423. General orders announce the time and place of issues M FORM OF GUARD REPORT. Report ot a Guard mounted at , on the , and relicTed on the Parole. Countersign. DetaU. 3 a 1 a 3 1 3 i s 1 ] 1 bo 1 Articles in 11 Charge. jt ! i •2^ SI LIST OF THE GUARD. Reliefs, and when posted. 1st Uellcf. Prom — to — and — to— 2d Relief. From — to — and — to — Name. Co. 8d Relief. From — to — and — to — Rt. Name. Co. Rt.| ^Naine. Co. G II 1 Ist. 4th. ah. jl. J. K. h. M. N. I>. K. F. 2d.' 5th 0. F. Q. R. 8. T. Rt. 8th yth HMh Sergeant W. V., Co. A, Ist Art llery. Corporal W. X., Co. U, Ut Infantry. Corporal Y. Z., Co. C. 8d Infantry. Wheree posted. jOM Ilouse |Miiguiine. j Q'in'r St'e SeTRru'd jCorp'l Remits . LIST OF PRISONERS. No. Names. a tt a a o i Confined. Charges. Sentences. Remarks. When. By Whom. 1 a 8 i i A. B. C, Lieut. — Reg't. Comniandini^ the Guard. 58 and payments, hours for roll-calls and duties; the number and kind of orderlies, and the time when they shall be re- lieved ; police regulations, and the prohibitions required by circumstances and localities ; returns to be made, and their forms ; laws and regulations for the army ; promotions and appointments; eulogies or censures to corps or individuals ; and generally, whatever it may be importcnt to make known to the' whole command. 424. Special orders are such as do not concern the troops generally, and need not be publislied to the whole command ; such as relate to the march of some particular corps, the es- tablishment of some post, the detaching of individuals, the granting requests, etc., etc. 425. A general order, and an important special order, must be read and approved by the officer whose order it is, before it is issued by the stafF officer. 426. An order will stale at the head, the source, place and date, and at the foot, the name of the commander who gives it; as for example: ITeite(l, unless the i)ropcr printed forms have not been lereived in time. liegimental returns must be made out in the name of the ('olonel, whether he be present or absent. 57 ANNUAL RETURNS— CAflUALITIES, 453. This return will exhibit the various changes and al terations which may have taken place in the regiment during the preceding twelve months: that is to say— ^a statementof the number of resignations, transfers, deaths, etc., of com- missioned officers; the number of men joined by enlistment, transfered, and discharged ; the number tried by courts-mar- tial or by the civil law, and the nature of their offenses; the number of discharges, deaths, dismissals, and desertions; number joined from desertion, pardoned, etc., etc., RETURN OF DECEASED SOLDIERS, 454. To be forwarded to the Adjutant-General, by the Colonels of regiments, quarterly. Also, a duplicate to the Second Auditor of the Treasury. FIELD RETURNS. 455. Besides the stated returns of the troops, such other field returns and reports will be made as may be necessary to keep the government informed of the condition and strength of the forces. 456. After any action or affair, a return of the killed, wounded and missing, will be made, in which the name, rank, and regiment of each officer and soldier will be speci- fied, with such remarks and explanations as may be requi- site for the records of the Department of War, or be neces- sary to establish the just claims of any individual who may have been wounded, or of the heirs and representatives of any killed in action (taking care to specify the nature of tTis wound^ the time and place of its occurrence, the company, regi- ment, or corps, and the name of the Captain, Colonel, or other commanding officer.) REPORTS. 457. The date of appointment, of detail, and of removal of all staff officers, or of officers selected for duty in staff departments, which may entitle them to receive aditional pay, will be immediately reported by the officer making such appointment, detail, or removal, to the Adjutant-General, and to the Paymaster of the department or command to which such officers belong. 458. Whenever any change takes place in the position or location of troops, the fact "will be immediately reported by 58 the commanding oflucr to general, division, and department headquarters, specifying the date of departure of the whole or any part of the troops, or of the arrival of any detach- ment'; as well as all other circumstances connected with such changes in the command. These special reports will always be accompanied l)y an exact return of the troops ac- cording to the established printed forms. A similar report will be noted on the next monthly return of the post or sta- tion. If a new post or position be established, its situation, and the nearest post-office, and proper route to it, should be reported. 459. Ufticers on detached duty will make reports to the liead-quarlers of the regiments or corps, and to the Adju- tant-General, as often as their stations may be changed. rUISOXKKS OF WAU— CAPTURED PUOrEKTY. 400. A return of prisoners, and a report of the nu'aiber and discription of tlie killed and wounded of the enemy, will be forwarded to the Adjutant General's oflice, at 401. A return of all property captured will be made by the commanding oflicer of the troops by whom such capture was made, to the Adjutant-General , in order that it may be disposed of according to the orders of the War Department. iNSPKCTioN iu:rouTs. 402. Inspection reports will show the discipline of the troops; their instruction in all military exercises and duties; the slate of their arms, clothing, e(iuipments, and accoutre- ments of all knids; ol their kileheus and messes; of the barracks and ciuurlcrs at the post; of the guard-house, jjrisons, hospital, bake-house, magazine, store-houses, and stores of every description; ot the stables and horse^s ; the condition of the post-school; the management and applica- tion of tiie i)ost ami company funds; the state ot the post, and regimental, and company books, papers, and liles ; the zeal and ability ol the oilicers in command of tooi)s ; the capacity of the oilicers conilucling the aciminislralive and stair services, the lidelity and economy ot their disburse- nun s; thecondition of all public properly, and the amount of money in the hands ot each disbursmg ollicer; the regularity of issues and payments ; the mode of enforcii\g discipline by courts-marlial, and by the authority of the ofticers ; the pro- priety and legality of all punishments intiicted ; and any 50 information Tvhatsoever, concerning tlie service in any matter or particular tliat may merit notice, or aid to correct defects or introduce improvements. 463. Inspectors are required particularly to report if any officer is ot iutemperate habits, or unlit for active service, by infirmity or any other cause. ARTICLE XXXVI. TROOrS IN CAMPAIGN. Organization of an Army in the Field. 464. The formation, by divisions, is the basis of the organiz- ation and administration of armies in the field. 465. A division consists usually of two or three brigades, either of infantry or cavalry, and troops of other corps in the necessary proportion. 466. A brigade is formed of two or more regiments. The first number lakes the right. 467. Mixed brigades are sometimes formed of infantry and light cavalry, especially for the advanced guards. 468. As the troops arrive at the rendezvous, the general commandiug-in-chief will organize them into brigades and divisions. 469. The light cavalry is employed as flankers and parti- sans, and generally for all service out of the line. 470. Heavy cavalry belongs to the reserve, and is covered, •when necessary, in marches, camps, or bivouacs, by light troops, or infantry of the line, 471. The arrangement of the troops on parade and in order of battle is — 1st, Uie light infantry; 2d, infantry of the Hue; 3d, light cavalry ; 4th, cavalry of the line ; 5th, heavy cav- alry. The troops of the artillery and engineers are in the centre of the brigades, divisions, or corps to which they are attached ; marines take the left of other infantry ; vol- unteers and militia take the left of regular troops of the same arm, and, among themselves, regiments of volunteers or militia ot the same arm take place b}' lot. This arrange- ment is varied by the general commanding-in-chief, as the circumstances of war render expedient. 473. Brigades in divisions, and divisions in the army, are numbered' from right to left; but in reports of military operations, brigades and divisions are designated by the name of the general commanding them. 60 473. The order of rc^^iments in brigades, and of brigades in divisions, may be changed by theconmiander of the divi- sion for imporlant reasons, sucii as the weakness of some corps, or to relieve one from marclnng too long at the rear of the column. Such changes must be reported to the general rommanding-in -chief. 474. Tlie general commanding-in-chief assigns the generals of divisions and of brigades to their respective commands, •when the assignment is not made by the Department of War. 47.'). The general of brigade inspects his troops in detail, by companies, when he takes the command, and at the open- ing of tlie compaign, and as often as may be ncccssir^' to ascertain exactly their condition. The general of division makes similar inspections when he thinks proper. At these inspections the generals examine the arms, clothing, equip- ments, harness, horses, etc., direct the necessary repairs, and designate the men and horses to remain in depots or march ■with the train, 476. Reports of inspections are made by the general of brij^ade to the general of division, and by the genend of division to the general commanding-in-chief. 477. During marches, and all active operations, generals of brigade keep themselves exactly informed, by reports of corps and by their inspections, of the actual strength of the regiments, so as always, and especially after an engage- ment, to make accurate returns to the general of division. 478. StafT ofliccrs and ofllcers of engineers, ordnance, and artillery, according to the nature of the service, are assigned to the head-quarters of armies and divisions, and detached brigades, by order of the general commanding-in- chief, when tiie distribution of these olllcers has not been regu- lated by the War Department. The necessary stall will be assigned to commanders of brigades. 479. When an Engineer or other oflicer is charged with directing an expedition or making a reconnoissance, with- out having command of the escort, the commander of the escort shall consult him on all arrangements necessary to secure the success of the operation. 480. Stair ofllcers, and commanders of engineers, ordnance, and artillery, report to their immediate commanders the state of the 8U|)plies and whatever concerns the service un- der their direction, and receive their orders, and communicate to them those they receive from their superiors in their own corps. 61 481. The senior oflScer of engineers, of ordnance, and the departments of the general staff serving at the chief head- quarters in the field, will transmit to the bureau of his de- partment at , at the close of the campaign, and such other time as the commander in the field may approve, a full report of the operations of his department, and ■whatever information to improve its service he may be able to furnish. The report of the officer of engineers will embrace plans of military works executed during the campaign, and, in case of siege, a journal of the attack or defense. CONTRIBUTIONS. 482. When the wants of the army absolutely require it, and in other cases, under special instructions from the War Department, the general commanding the aniiy may levy contributions in money or kind on the enemy's country occupied bv the troops. No other commander can levy such contributions without written authority from the general commanding iu-chicf. OKDERLIES. 483. At the opening of a campaign, the commander of an army determines and announces, in orders, the number of orderlies, mounted or foot, for the Generals, and the corps or regiments by which they are to be supplied, and the periods at which they shalfbe relieved. 484. In marches, the mounted orderlies follow the Gene- rals, and perform the duty of escorts, or march w4th order- lies on foot at the head of the division or brigade. 485. The staff officer who distributes the orderlies to their posts, sends with them a note of the time and place of depar- ture ; those relieved receive a like note from the staff officer at the headquarters. 486. Mounted soldiers are to be employed to carry dis- patches only in special and urgent cases. 487. The precise time when the dispatch is sent off, and the rate at M'hich it is to be conveyed, are to be written clearly on the covers of all letters tranmitted by a- mounted orderly, and the necessary instructions to him, and the rate of travel going and returning, are to be distinctly explained to Lim. DEPOTS. 488. The grand depots of an army are established where 62 the military operations would not expose them to be broken up. Smaller denots are or^iranized for the divisions and the several arms. Tliey are commanded by officers temporarily disabled for iield service, or by other officers vvlien neces- sary, and comprise, as much as possible, the hospitals and depots for convalescents. VVlien conveniently placed, they serve as points for the halting and assembling of detach- ments. They receive the disabled from the corps on the march ; and the officers in command of the depots send with the detacliments to the army those at the depots who have become fit for service. CAMPS. 489. Camp is the place where troops are established in tents, in huts, or in bivouac. Cantonments are the inhabited places which troops occupy for shelter when not put in bar- racks. The camping-party is a detachment detailed to pre- pare a camp. 490. Reconnoissances should precede the establishment of the canap. For a camp of troops on the march, it is only necessary to look to the healtli and comfort of the troops, the fiicility of the communications, the convenience of wood and water, and the resources in provision and forage. The ground for an intrenched camip, or a camp to cover a coun- try, or one designed to deceive the enemy as to the strength of the army, must be selected, and the camp arranged for the object in view. 491. The camping-party of a regiment consists of the regimental Quartermaster and Quartermaster-Sergeant, and a Corporal and two men per company. The General de- cides whether the regiments camp separately or together, and whether the police guard shall accompany the camping- party, or a larger escort be sent. 492. Neither baggage nor led horses are permitted to move with the camping-party. 493. When the General can scud in advance to prepare the camp, he gives his instructions to the chief of the Quar- termaster's Department, who calls on the regiments for their camping-parties, and is accompanied, if necessary, by an Engineer to propose the defenses and communications. 494. The watering-places are examined, and signals placed at those that are dangerous. Any work required to make them of easier access is done by the police guard or Quar- termaster's men. Sentinels, to be relieved by the guards of ;«3 the regiment when they come up, are placed by the camp- ing-party over the water it it is scarce, and over the houses and stores of provisions and forage in the vicinity. 495. If the camping-party doesnot precede the regiment, tlie Quartermaster attend to these things as soon as the regi- menlreaches the camp. 49G. On reaching the ground, tlie infantry form on the color front; the cavalry in the rear of its camp. 497. The Generals establish the troops in the camp as rapidly as possible, particularly after long, fatiguing marches. 498. Tlie number of men to be furnished for guards, pickets, and orderlies; the fatigue parties to be sent for sup- plies; the work to be done, and the strength of the working parties; tlic time and place for issues; the hour of march- ing, etc., are then announced by the Brigadier-Generals to the Colonels, and by them to the field officers— the Adju- tant and Captains formed in front of the regiment, the First Sergeants taking post behind th^ir Captains. The Adjutant then makes tlie details, and the First Sergeant warr s the mer. The regimental officer of the day forms the picket, and sends the guards to their i>osts. The colors are then planted at the centre of the color line, and the arms are stacked on the line; the fatigue parties to procure supplies, and the work- ing parties form in the rear of the arms ; the men not on detail pitch the tents. 499. If the camp is near the enemy, the picket remains under arms until the return of the fatigue parties, and, if necessary, is reinforced by details from each company. 500. In the cavalry, each troop moves a little in rear ot the point at which its horses are to be secured, and forms in one rank ; the men then dismount ; a detail is made to hold the horses ; the rest stack their arms and fix the picket rope. After the horses are attended to, the tents are pitched, and^ each horseman places his carbine at the side from the weath-' er, and hangs his sabre and bridle on it. 501. Tiie standard is then carried to the tent of the Colonel. 502. The terms front, flank, right, left, file, and rank, have the same meaning when applied to camps as to the order of battle. 503. The front of the camp is usually equal to the front of the troops. The tents are arranged in ranks and files. The number of ranks varies with the strength of the companies and the size of the tents. 64 504. No officer -will be allowed to occupy a house^ although vacant and on the ground of his camp, except by permission of the commander of the brigade, who shall report it to the commander of the divisions. 505. The staff officer charged with establishing the camp •will designate the place for the shambles. The offal will be buried. CAMP OP INFANTRY. 506. Each company has its tents in two files, facing on a street perpendicular to the color line. The width of the street depends on the front of the camp, but should not be less than 5 paces. The interval between the rank of tents is 2 paces; between the file of tents of adjacent companies, 3 paces; between regiments, 22 paces. 507. The color line is 10 paces in front of the front rank of tents. The kitchens are 20 paces behind the rear rank of company tents ; the non-commissioned staff and sutler, 20 paces in rear of the kitchens; the company officers, 20 paces farther in rear; and the field and staff, 20 paces in rear of the company officers. 508. The company officers are in rear of their respec- tive companies; the Captains on the right. 509. The Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel are near the centre of the line of field and staff; the Adjutant, a M